(? or: 4 C) Smithsonian Institution Libraries GIFT OF Marcia Brady Tucker CreqO“te ALM ur ‘yO & va a of . ERR : GENERAL SYNOPSIS of BIRDS. VoL.T.Ps1. ¢ LONDON: Printed for Benj.White. MDCCLXXXI. res Pek By BAG) EB. HE intent of the following fheets is to give, as far as may be, a concife account of all the Birds hitherto known; no- thing having been done in this way, as a general work, in the Englifh language, of late years. In other countries, however, it has been paid more attention to; witnefs that valuable.work of M4. Rriffon. who has brought down his account to the year 1760*, when he publifhed his Orwithology. That great and able Naturalift 14. de Buffon, is likewife pro- ceeding faft with a grand work + on the fame fubjeét, which, when finifhed on the extenfive plan that he has chalked out for him- felf, will do him much honour. Of this feven volumes are already publifhed, and we are promifed two others in a very fhort time, which are intended to clofe the undertaking. In this work of M, de Buffon, not only every thing which has been treated of before is properly noticed, and the many contra- * This means only the edition in quarto ; for there is another edition in oc- tavo, publifhed in 1763, which contains fome few additions. Whoever has pee rufed this work, will be fully convinced of the accuracy and precifion with which this gentleman has treated the fubject throughout; and it is but juftice here to acknowledge the liberty we have taken with thefe defcriptions, in refpeét to fach Birds as have not fallen under our infpection. + Hiftoire naturelle des Oifeaun. a dictions Be RE ae ea Core i, dictions of various authors reconciled, but many new fubjeéts have been. added, rendering it a valuable work. There have been many authors who, from time to time, have treated on Birds, and many different fyftems have arifen in con- fequence of their labours; but it is much to be Hamaoeiccl that fcarce any two agree in the fame opinion. The great Ray, our countryman, may juftly be efteemed the firft author of Sy/em; and it is to him we are indebted for the va- luable Ornithology of Francis Willughby, Efq; which, though publifhed fo far back as 1678 “, is yet reckuncd the beft general. work of its kind in the Englifh language. A whole volume would fcarce fuffice to give an account of the various writers in Ornithology, and their works in every language; but this is not meant to be a part of our undertaking, and is in- deed quite unneceffary, as we mean to draw materials for our purpofe from authors of the beft credit only; not condemning any of them for their attempt to communicate the knowledge of the age they lived in, as we may juftly fuppofe it was well re- ceived in their days; and no doubt but the time will come, when our prefent notions of things will be held as cheap by our fuccef- fors, as thofe of the century paft are by the prefent age. We will therefore pafs. over even the names of all here, except the one to whom all future writers on Natural Hiftory muft feel themfelves * The firft edition was in the Latin tongue, in 1676, but not tranflated into. Englifh till two years after. : 3 indebted ;, Regain arts ouMbauMrw tc) 1 0bye indebted ; I mean, the ever-memorable and great Sir CHar.es LinnZus, who at one view has drawn together, as it were, all Nature and her productions, in his Sy/tema Nature. This work has brought down our fubject, among the reft, through twelve editions, as far as the year 1767+. In this undertaking, his aim has been concifenefs; but in gaining this, he has loft fight, I fear, of fufficient inftruction ; having done little more than pointed out where fuch inftruction may be found. His arrangement of Birds is, in general, approved of, and his divifion into Genera fcarcely ta be altered for the better; but as it is now fome years fince he wrote, many new lights have been thrown on Natural Hiftory, fufficient to excufe future writers, if in fome few inftances, at-leaft, they fhould differ from him; which will be the cafe in the work now before us. There is.one thing in Linneus’s arrangement of Birds, which, I mutt confefs, has ever appeared to me unaccountable, and in which he differs from Ray at his firft fetting out. Mr. Ray di- vided all Birds into. two grand divifions ; viz. Firft, Thofe which frequent the land: Secondly, Thofe which frequent the water : but Livneus feparates the Land Birds into two parts, and thrufts in. the Water Birds between. This is certainly unnatural, and therefore will not be admitted in the prefent undertaking. The bafis then of this work will be on the prime divifion of Ray; but we fhall adhere to the Linnean Genera, except in a very + Inthe Mantiffz Plantarum, publifhed in 1771, will be found a few more Birds defcribed at the end ; but thefe are only twenty in number. . a2 ; few ta & eo Be eR Baw Ba Age Cel ee few inftances; and for which alteration good reafons will be given. The whole of this undertaking will be comprifed in three vo- lumes; the firft of which will contain the Accipitres and Pice of Linnzus ; the fecond will confift of the Pafferes and Galline of the fame author; and the third volume clofe the work with his Gralle and Anferes. To each volume will be added a complete Index of its contents, and in the laft, an Explanation at length of the authors referred to; alfo, a Generic Catalogue of the Birds. mentioned throughout the work. In thefe fheets will be found near four times the number of Birds mentioned in the Syfema Nature; the additions to which. will be drawn from the authors which have appeared fince that publication, added to a great number of fpecies, not mentioned before by any one. This we fhall be enabled to do, from the nu- merous collections in Natural Hiftory *, which have been formed of late years in England, and in which, in courfe, a multitude of new fubjects have been introduced from various parts of the world ; but more efpecially within thefe few years, from the in- defatigable refearches of thofe who have made fo great difcoveries. in the Southern Ocean. * Among thefe, the magnificent one at Letceffer Houfe, formed by Sir Aybton: Lever, ought to be particularly mentioned ; as likewife the favours received from the infpection of numerous fubjeéts, the produce of the laft and the former voyages to the South Seds, in the pofleflion of Fo/. Banks, Efq; P. R. S. Soho. Square. It Ber by Beara) © 4 Be: It will be neceffary, however, to remark, that on account of the uncertainty of the return of the laft circumnavigating fhips, the Accipitrine order, here firft publifhed, was printed off before their arrival in England, by which means a few new fpecies of the Falcon genus have been excluded from their place. This has, of neceffity, obliged us to introduce them by means of du- plicate pages, marked with an afterifk. To each Genus will be joined one copper-plate at leaft, of fome new Bird not figured before, if poffible, for two reafons ; the one to point out to the eye of the lefs-informed Naturalift, wherein one genus differs from another ; the other, to add fome- what to the ftock of engravings in Ornithology. In a work of this kind, it will be expected, that we fhould be- gin with an Introduétion on the Nature of the Feathered Cre- ation; fuch as general manners, nidification, incubation, migra- tion of particular fpecies, and fuch-like; but this fubjeét has been treated of in another work * in the moft ample manner, and will therefore make it altogether unneceflary, becaufe all that I could do on this head, muft prove only a repetition of what is there mentioned. I have, therefore, nothing more to:add, but a juft acknowledg- ment of the very great obligations I am under to many of my * The work I here allude to, is the Genera of Birds, by Thomas Pennant, Efgq; in which will be found every thing neceffary for the reader’s information on this head. friends, v1 Pie OR eh A friends, who have afforded affiftance of every kind in this under- taking, which I fhall entitle ““ A General Synopsis of Birds ;” and is meant to contain every thing which its author could gather on the fubject to this day; wherein he has aimed at fuch con- cifenefs as may be confiftent with affording a clear diftinction be- tween one fpecies and another; in which attempt, it is hoped, he has not totally miffed his intention. All he withes, therefore, is, that it may be received with candour, till fomewhat better fhall appear, and a more able pen take up the fubject. YOHN LATHAM. Dartford, * ; Jan. 1, 1781. BIRDS. | By atl Di 5 ciiveatd BD NS Division l. LAND-BIRDS. Division II. WATER-BIRDS. BD i Rt DS. Div. LAND-BIRDS. OrverI RAPACIOUS. GrenusIl,. VULTURE. N°r. Condur. N° 9g. Maltefe. 2. Crefted. : 10. Black. 3. Kanes 11. Fulvous. 4. Arabian. a2. Hare. 5. Carrion. _ 43. Golden. 6. Bearded. » 14. Angola. 7. Alpine. 15. Tawny. A. Afh-coloured 16. Bengal. B. Egyptian. 17. Secretarye 8. Cinereous. qe NNZUS defcribes the genus in this manner: The bill ftrait; hooked at the end only, The head without feathers; the fkin on the fore part naked. Tongue bifid at the end. : To which Mr. Pennant * adds, that the edge of the bill is cul- trated, and the bafe covered with a thin fkin. * Genera of Birds, 1773, ps Z. : B Noftrils Vi Os Mb ie Re er. Noftrils differing in different fpecies. e Tongue large and flefhy. — Head, cheeks, and often neck, either naked, or covered only with down, or fhort hairs; the neck retractile. Craw often hanging over the breatt. i Legs and feet covered with great fcales; the firft joint of the middle toe connected to that of the outmoft by a ftrong mem- brane. Claws large, little hooked, and very blunt. Infides of the wings covered with down. The bill, according to Linneus, would feem to characterife this genus; but, in my opinion, is not fufficient, as that of many of the Falcon genus.is ftrait at the bafe likewife, though, for the moft part, the point is more crooked and fharp than in the Vul- - ture.—The want of feathers on part of the head, and fometimes the whole head and neck, with the manners below mentioned, feem to make a better diftin@tion; but after all, not fo clear as one would with. It has been obferved, that the zrae Vulture does not kill it’s prey by choice ; coveting only fuch animals as are found dead, and be- ~ coming putrid. Indeed, it has been obferved, that large flocks have alighted on a fick or maimed animal, and, attacking it all together, finifhed it’s exiftence: but I will only fuppofe that to happen when much preffed by hunger; all authors agreeing, that, if left to themfelves, they would rather feed on flefh which inclines to putridity, than on frefh meat. Their finell, for this purpofe, is exquifite; fcenting a carcafe many miles off, and flying to it from all quarters. In this circumftance of their difpofition Lam clear, from the Car- vion Ve) Ter ey A OR - rion Vultures of Jamaica; two of which I kept for fome time. They would indeed eat any raw flefh, but expreffed a particular - _ happinefs when any tainted food was offered them; fluttering with expanded wings, without ceafing, and falling on with double the appearance of appetite, as well as devouring twice the quan- tity, as at other times. ; It is obferved, that Vultures, in general, are leaft numerous in proportion to the coldnefs. of the climate; and in the more northern ones, they are wholly wanting. — A kind difpofition of -Providence this! left the putrid effluvia of the dead fhould, in the hotter regions, too much injure the health of the living. Notwithftanding what has been faid towards defining the ge- nus, fome will be found, wherein both the Vulture and Falcon are fo ftrongly marked, as to render it doubtful where to place them. In this cafe, the manners muft be taken in, if they can be known. Mr. Pennant juftly obferves, that they are “ greedy and voracious “to a proverb, and not timid*; for they prey in the midft of ci- “ ties, undaunted by mankind.” * This circumftance, perhaps, may arife from their not being perfecuted by man; which happens to the greater part of birds, whofe chance it is either to to be accounted as obnoxious by him, or are fuitable to his appetite for food.— The Svorés in Holland are a proof of this; walking boldly in the middle of the fireets, as if they knew none would hurt them: whichis truly the cafes as that perfon thinks himfelf fortunate, who has a neft of one of thefe on his chimney. And if a flranger fhould kill one purpofely, he would run great chance of lofing his life by the enraged multitude. This tamenefs of the volatile part of the creation in general, when not an- noyed by man, is manifeft, fiom the accounts of our circumnavigators ; who in- - form us, that on the more defart places where they touched, birds of all kinds were fo familiar, as not to fly away at their approach; regarding them more as objects of wonder than fear. B 2 Vultur To CONDUR DESCRIPTION. voU L T UR ER. Vultur gryphus, Liz. Syf.i. 121. N° 13; Le Condor, Briffon ornith. i. p. 473. N° 12% Le Condor, Buffon cif. i. p. 184. Cuntur, Raiz Syn. p. 11. N°. 5 HIS bird is not only the largeft of this genus, but perhaps- of all others which are.able to fly.—The accounts of authors; in regard to it’s extent of wing, are various, vz. from nine feet to eighteen feet, from the tip of one wing to that of the other. One * gives it ftrength fufficient to carry off fheep, and boys of ten years old; while another} ventures to affirm, that it can lift an elephant from the ground, high enough to kill it. by the fall ! M. de Salerne t fays, that one of this kind was fhot in France, in the year 1719, which weighed eighteen pounds, and whofe extent of wing was eighteen feet. But to come nearer the truth, perhaps we had better abide by thofe whofe defcriptions bear « moderate proportion. In Hawkefworth’s Voyages §, mention-is made of one of thefe birds, fhot at Port Defire, off Penguin Ifland; the defcription of which, will ferve our purpofe: —‘“ The head of this bird re- “* fembled that of an eagle, except that it had a large comb upon “it. Round the neck, it had a white ruff, exactly refembling a “lady’s tippet: the feathers on the back as black as jet, and as * Frefier Voy. dela Mer Sud. p. 111. + Marc Paul Defcrip. Geog. b. 3. ch. 40. t Ornith. de Salerne, p. 10. § Vol. i. p. 150, s bright. Mette Oa Re E. * bright as the fineft polifh could render that mineral: the legs “© were remarkably ftrong and large, and the talons like thofe of “ an eagle, except they were not fo fharp: and the wings, when ‘they were extended, meafured, from point to point, no lefs “ than twelve feet.” — This laft account feems by no means to exceed the natural fize, fince we have an account in the Phz/o- fophical Tranfaétions * of one of the quill-feathers of this: bird, brought from Chili, which meafured two feet four inches; the diameter of the quill, half an inch; and the extent of wing, fix- teen feet. This bird was met with in lat. 33 S. not far from the ifland: Mocha, in the South Seas, in the year 1691. ‘The feamen. fhot it on a cliff by the fea-fide, and, taking it for a kind of turkey, made a meal of it. In this account we are told that the colour was black and white, like a magpie, and the creft, or’ comb, fharp like a razor. It has been fuppofed, that thefe birds were peculiar to South America ; but Buffon believes they: are likewifé inhabitants of Afia and Africa, and not unlikely of Europe alfo, if the Laemmer- geir + of the Germans be the fame bird, which he feems inclined to think ; and that the Roc or Ruch, mentioned frequently in the Arabian Tales, may alfo prove to be the like: to which I may add, the probability of the fame bird giving rife’ to one of the labours. of Hercules, recorded by the ancients ; 1 mean, the de- fttoying the birds called Stympbalides. But this is mere conjec= ture: other authors have a different opinion f. * Vol. xviii. p. 62. See alfo the fame account in Raii Synopfis Avium, p. it. + Hik. des oifeaux, vol. i. p. 193, 194. } ‘‘ Some authors maintain, that under this fable of the Stymphalidz was figured a certain band of robbers, who infefted this country [Arcadia] and were: exterminated by Hercules.” Odgle’s Antiq. Gems, vol. i. p. 111. Alberta: PLACts Ze CRESTED V. DESCRIPTION We le ss OW Re Be Alberto Fortis, in his travels into Dalmatia, in the year 1778, Pp. 245, fays, that he meafured a Vulture himfelf, (one found near the mouth of the Cettina) whofe extent of wings was above twelve feet; and in a note below fays, that the fort found in the Swi/s mountains, called Le Vautour des Alpes, is of the fame race. We further learn, that the throat of the Condur is naked, that is, bare of feathers, and of a red colour; the comb brown, but not indented; that in fome, the upper parts are variegated with black, grey, and white; and under the belly fcarlet, as was that . bird mentioned by M. Salerne *. Mr. Briffon obferves, that thefe birds vary in colour; which will account for the difference in plumage by which authors have defcribed them: which circumftance frequently happens in other birds, as well as in this fpecies. Vaultur harpyia, Liz. Syf. i. p. 121. N° 2. L’Aigle huppé du Brefil, Brif. orz. i. p. 446. Urutaurana, Raid Syz. p. 7. Yzquauhtli, p. 161. Oronooko Eagle, Brown’s Fam. p. 471. Crefted Eagle, Wil. orn. p. 63, tab. 4. fig. bade TH IS bird is in fize fomewhat bigger than a Turkey: the bill is black: cere and irides yellow. The head is covered with feathers, and adorned with a creft; which is compofed of four feathers: two of thefe are, placed at the top of the head, and are about two inches in length ; and two others, which are fhorter, on each fide: which feathers the © Orn. de Salerue, Ps 100 bird Voy eb: ORR, bird can erect at will. The hind part of the neck is fulvous: the upper parts of the body, for the moft part, black; beneath, white. ‘Tail barred with brown and black, alternate: vent and thighs barred white and black; edges of the tail-feathers whitifh: legs covered with white feathers, and fpotted, or rather barred, with black. Linneus fays, that the legs and claws are both naked, and that they are of a yellow colour; and thinks it much allied to the Falcon genus, fince the head is deftitute of feathers in no part. This bird inhabits Mexico, Brafil, and other parts of South America. It is faid to be able to cleave a man’s fkull afunder, with one ftroke of the bill. \Vultur papa, Liz. Sy. i. p. 122. N° 3. Le Roi des Vautours, Bri/. orz.i. p. 470. t.36. N° 110 Buf. oif.i. p. 169. t. 6. —_—_—_ —_—__—_ PI. exlum. N° 428. Cozcaquauhtli, Razi Syn. p. 1616 The Vulture, A/biz. 2. t. 4: King of the Vultures, Edw. orz. t. 2 Br. Muf. Lev. Muf. * HIS fpecies is about the fize of an hen Turkey. The bill is red at the end; the middle black: the cere is orange-co- loured, which is continued on the upper part, fo as to form.a * By this is meant, the Mufeum of Sir Afton Lever, at Leicefter Houfe 3: well known to adound in the various produtions of nature and art: in which: the inquifitive mind cannot fail of receiving the utmoft fatisfattion in every — department. 9 carunculated -Pracke Zo KING, o DeEscriPTro ne. PLace, A. ARABIAN Vv. DescRIPTION. VOR Ie) UE ORs 7. -carunculated dentated fkin or flap, which hangs over one or the other fide of the bill indifferently, as the bird turns it’s head. The fpace round the eyes is of a faffron-colour; the iris of the eye whitifh. The crown of the head, and the neck, are bare of feathers; the whole of which it can draw into a large ruff of loofe afh-coloured feathers, which are placed on the fhoulders. A fillet of blackifh down encompaffes the head, arifing from the hindhead. At the corner of the bill, between that and the eyes, is a purple brown fpot. The upper parts of the body are of a reddifh buff-colour; under parts white, with a tinge of yellow: quills greenith black: tail black: craw pendulous and orange- coloured: the legs are dirty white: claws black. — This bird is a native of South America and the Weft Indies : it lives on carrion, and feeds alfo on rats, lizards, fnakes, and excrement of all kinds ; and in courfe is of a difagreeable odour, from the nature of the food it lives on, Vultur monachus, Liz. Sy/f.i. p. 122, N° 4. Le Vautour d’Arabie, Brif. orn. app. p. 29- Crefted black Vulture, Edw. orn. t. 290» CCORDING to Edwards, the fize exceeds that of a common eagle, by one third. The bill is blueith at the bafe; at the end black: the cere 1s blue: irides hazel. The head and neck are covered with downy afh-coloured feathers. The crown of the head is gibbous, and elevated into a large knob. The orbits are white. On the fhoylders is placed an afh-coloured ruff of loofe feathers, into which it can draw it’s head during fleep. The colour of the body is dufky brown, nearly black, above; beneath, the VO de ro RE, the fame, but paler: leffer wing coverts tipped with white: tail the colour of the body: thigh-feathers fo loofe and long, as nearly to cover the legs. The legs themfelves are of a blueifh colour: claws black. — This bird was fhewn alive in Loudon, in the year 1757, and faid by the keeper to have come from Arabia. Vultur aura, Lin. Syf. i. p. 122. Le Vautour du brefil, Brif. orz. i. p. 468. N° 10. Buff: oif. is P. 175+ ee Pl, enl. N° 187. Vultur brafilienfis, Raii Syn. p. 10. Carrion Crow, p. 180. Urubu, Tzopilot!, or Aura. Will. orn. p. 68. Carrion Crow, Sloaz. Fam. ii. p. 294. te 254. Gallinazo, Ulloa’s Voy. v. i. p. 60. 201. Turkey Buzzard, Carefb. Car.i. t. 6. Carrion Vulture, Az. Zool *. N° Br. Muf. Lev. Mus. ae HE fize of this fpecies is about that of a Turkey, though it varies in fize in different parts. The bill is white; the end black: irides blueifh faffron-colour. The head, and part of the neck, are bare of feathers, and of a red, or rather rufous colour. _ The fides of the head warted, not unlike that of a Turkey. The *T here refer to the Zoology of North America, and that of the xortherr Afiatic and European regions ; at this time near completed, by Thomas Pennant, Efq. As the running number is not yet fixed, I am obliged, in my references, to leave a blank N° ;. which the reader may, on publication of the work, readily fill up with his pen. ( whole o, = Se CARRION DescriPTions IP BLaces Manners. VOD To oR Ee. whole pliimage is brown black, with a purple and green glofs in: different reflections; but in fome birds, efpecially young ones;. greatly verging to dirty brown. The feathers of the quills and tail, blacker than the reft of the body. The legs are flefh-co- lour; the claws black. This bird is very common: in the Weft Indies, and Bath North: and South America. It feeds on: dead carcafes, fnakes, &@c. like mott of this genus; which makes the fmell of it very offenfive.. In general, very tame in its wild ftate; but particularly fo, when trained up from being young. This I experienced in two birds fent me from Famaica. They were fuffered to run wild about the garden, and were alert and briflk during the fummer months: but impatient of the leaft cold; for a rainy day, with the flighteft degree of cold, obliged them to creep for. fheiter. — I am told,.’ that in the Weft Indies they rooft together. of nights,.in vaft numbers, like Rooks in this country: They are reckoned a. moft ufeful animal.in the places where they refort; which fe- cures their fafety, added to a penalty for killing one, which is in force in Jamaica, and, I believe, other iflands of the Wefé' Indies. — 1 have been-informed,. that the one inhabiting North- America exceeds in fize that of the Weft Indies, by nea one: third. Vultar TUL TUR EK Vultur barbatus, Zin. fy/f. i. p. 1236 Le Vautour barbu, Brif. orn. app. p. 26¢ Vultur beeticus, Razz fz. p. 19. : Chefnut Vulture, Will. orn. p. 66. Bearded Vulture, Edw. orn. t. 1060 IZE of an Eagle; extent of wing, according to Edwards, feven feet and half; from bill to claws two feet eight inches. The bill is of a purplith flefh-colour, deepeft at the bafe, and hooked at the point only: under the lower mandible is a tuft of black feathers hanging down like a beard: the infide of the mouth is blue: the eye-lids are red, and the irides of a bright yellow: the head for the moft part is covered with white down; the forehead, the cheeks, and round the eyes, black, which narrow- ing into a fillet behind each eye, meet behind at the crown, en- circling the head: from the angles of the mouth it is again black, paffing a little way downwards on each fide, like whif- kers: the neck is covered with narrow, long feathers, pointed at “the end, and of a whitifh colour: the body is blackifh brown above, the edges of the feathers paleft; the under parts are white, with a tinge of brown: the legs are covered with downy white feathers: the toes are lead-colour, and the claws brown. This fpecies inhabits Africa : the fpecimen from which Edwards drew his bird came from Santa Cruz in Barbary. Ce. Vulture LE ‘6. ‘BEARDED Descrrerion. Pracez: ALPINE DESCRIPTION. Manners, Fa Ue Ee Th Ry Bs Vultur percnopterus, Lin. /y/?. i. p. 123. Le Percnoptere, Buf. oi/. i. p. 149. —- PI. enl. 426. Le Vautour des Alpes, Bri/. orz. i. p. 464. N° &. ¢ Percnopteros feu Gypaetos, Razz. /yz. p. &. Vulterine Eagle of Aldrovand, Will. orn. p. 64, t. 4. Lew. Muf, == HE male, according to Lixnzus, is wholly white; the quills. black, with hoary edges, except the two outer ones, which are wholly black. The female is all over brown, with four of the outer quills black. The bills in both black: cere yellow:. noftrils perpetually dripping moifture. The feet naked. : They are faid to fly in large troops, and are very ufeful in de- ftroying mice, which are numberlefs in Paleftine. To this we may add the fize, which Briffon fays rather exceeds that of a common Eagle, and indeed we may fay much larger, as M. Fortis * furnifhes a note to that purport. * After faying, he meafured one himfelf, which was above twelve feet from tip to tip of the wing, he adds, “‘ The extraordinary bulk of the Vultures of thofe parts is not to be wondered at, nor the truth of this fact called in queftion. The Vultures of the Savz/s mountains are of the fame race, and not only carry off kids, lambs, wild goats, and children, but will alfo attack grown up men. The fpecies is called Vautour des Alpes, and it is particularly defcribed by old Conrad Gefner, though unaccountably negleéted by moft other ornithologiits. A well-ftuffed fpecimen of this noble bird may be feen in the curious collection of the Reverend Mr. Sprungliy near Bera in Switzerland.” Travels into Dal- BAA, Po 2450 Vautour Vere Ea re Ue Rae. Vautour a téte blanche, Bri/. orn. i. p. 466. N° 9. Le petit Vautour, Buf. oi/. 1. p. 164. Vautor de Norwege, PI. enl. 449. Vultur albus, Razz. Syz. p. 10. White Vulture, Will. orn. p. 67, N° 6. Cinereous Vulture, Ditto, p. 66, N° x. [PRBS OR! defcribes this bird as having a blueith bill, the tip black: the iris of a dull red: and that it is the fize of a large Cock: the body fuliginous, fpotted with chefnut: head and neck white, with brown lines: quills half white half dufky : bafe of the tail white, the end brown with a whitifh tip: legs covered with dull yellow feathers., Buffon thinks this Vulture to be the fame with a Vulture which he received from Norway, above quoted. This variety had the head and neck bare of feathers, and of a reddifh colour; the body almoft entirely white, except the quills, which were black. In the Planches Enluminées, the bill is coloured yellow, with a black tip; the legs white; claws black. Vautour d’Egypte, Brif. orn. 1. pe 457. N° 30 Sacre d’Egypte, Buf. i. p. 167. Sacre Egyptien, Belon Hit. d’Oi/. p. 110. t. in. 11% HIS is faid to be of a rufous afh-colour, fpotted with brown ; and is about the fize of a kite: has a bill between that of a Raven and a bird of prey, with the legs and gait of a raven. It is common about the pyramids of Egypi, where it is found in large. 3 7. Var. A. ASH-COLOURED DescriPrion. Te. Var. B. EGYPTIAN. V. DEscRIPTION. TA Manners. 8. CINEREOUS DEscRIPTION. Ve Un hy Oi Rese large troops. It lives on carrion, and is, with the Jd7s, in great efteem for deftroying fnakes and reptiles, which are common in Egypt; which circumftance has caufed it frequently to be en- eraven on obelifks, About Grand Cairo it 1s called Ach- bobba*, : M. Buffon fays, this bird is not fufficiently known, and is likely to prove the fame with N° 5. But Linnzus having fet it down, as well as the former, as varieties of his Percnopterus, has determined us to follow his example till better informed. Le Vautour, Brif. orz. i. p. 453. N° i. Le Vautour, ou grand Vautour, Buf. oi/.i. p. 158, €. §< —— Pl. enlum. 4256 ‘< Vultur cinereus, Razz Syn. p.9, N° 16 Cinereous, or Afh-coloured Vulture, Will. orte p. 66, N° ie RISSON defcribes this bird in the following manner:—The fize is that of an Eagle, or rather bigger: length three feet. fix inches, breadth feven feet nine inches. The head and upper part of the neck are covered with brown down: beneath the throat hangs a kind of beard, compofed of very narrow feathers like hairs: the reft of the body is covered with brown feathers: the quills and tail are of the fame colour, but fomewhat inclining to afh: legs covered with feathers quite to the toes, which are yellow; the claws black. This fpecies is an inhabitant of Europe: frequents high mountains, and lives principally on dead carcafes. * See Shaw’s Travels, vol. ii. pp. 9, 926 VU eo ROE Le Vautour brun, Brif orn. i. p. 455. N° 2. Le Vautour'de Malte, Buf. oz/.i.-p. 161. Pl. enl. 4276 “EA HIS bird is in bulk between a Pheafant and Peacock; is two feet and an half in length, and the wing,. when clofed,. reaches to two thirds the length of the tail—The bill is black: head covered with brown down: neck covered with narrow feathers. The whole bird is. of a general brown colour, but the quills are darkeft; the primaries are white at the tips, and fpotted’. with brown: tail grey brown: legs naked, yellowifh: claws dufky. This bird inhabits. many parts of Europe, chiefly the ifland. of Malta *.. ® Th the ifle of Cazdza alfo, as well as in all the iflands of the Mediterranean: Archipelago, Vultures are very common ; the {kins of which are nearly as thick as a calf’s hide. The natives of thefe places, as well asin Eg ypr and Arabia; make great ufe of fuch fkins, properly prepared, by way of furrs. The fur- riers of thofe parts have a way of extra¢ting the feathers without difturbing the down; which,.after going. through proper operations, become valuable, and fell very dear. The ufe that is made of thefe is to wear them on the breaft and ftomach, as» they are fuppofed to promote digeftion. The Vultures of the ifle of Cyprus are of the fize of a Swan, feathered on the ‘back and wings like an Eagle, and the.neck covered with down as foft as the fineft furr. Thefe birds live only on carrion, and. when they meet witha proper oppor-- tunity, are faid to fill themfelves fo full, as not to want food again for fifteen days. Having thus done, they become unable to raife themfelves from the ground for flight; at which time they are eafily killed, fometimes being hunted down with dogs, at other times difpatched with clubs, or other weapons, by the- inhabitants, Defcr. de l Archipel. Dapper, p. 50. Lac oe) 9: MALTESE DEscRIPTION. 16 10. BLACK © DESCRIPTION. VN ea UR. Le Vautour noir, Brif. orn. i. p. 457. N° 4. Le Vautour, Pl. exl. 425? Vultur niger, Raiz. Syz. p. 9, N° 2. Black Vulture, Will. orn. p. 66, Chap.v. N°2. - Swarthy Vulture, Charl. ex. p. 71, N° 4. ‘HIS fpecies is wholly black, except the wings and tail, which are brown: the legs are covered with feathers to the toes. It exceeds every way the Golden Vulture in fize, and is found frequently in Egypt. M. Buffon fays*, that it is a mere variety of the Cinereous Vulture, N° 8; to which I can fay nothing: but muft remark, once for all, that it will be frequently found impoffible fo to re- concile the various fentiments of authors, as to place them all upon one juft bafis. We fhall therefore be obliged, not only in this, but in many other inftances throughout this work,’ to leave things as they are found, letting every reader adhere to the opi- nion he fhall beft approve of, rather than obtrude one of our own, except upon very folid grounds, and for which good rea- fons will be given. * Oif. vol. i. p. 163. Le Ve Uo ti WR E 7 Le Vautour fauve, Bri/. oraz. i. p. 462. N° 7. 1. Le Griffon, Buf. oi/.i. p. 151. EUEVOUS. Vultur fulvus, beetico congener Bel.—Raii. Syz. ps 10. N° 7. MM Fulvous Vulture, Will. orn. p. 67. N° 7. Vulture, Abin. ili. p. 1. ts Ie HIS bird exceeds the Eagle in fize, being, according to Desckirtrom. Briffon, three feet fix inches in length, and eight feet in breadth. The bill in colour is blue grey, with the tip black: the head, neck, and ruff, white: parts above rufous-grey, with fome mixture of white in the wing-coverts: quills and tail black : middle of the breaft bare of feathers, and covered with a downy matter, or rather hair, which is of the colour of the back: the under parts are white, mixed with rufous-grey: legs afh-coloured, covered with white down: claws black. M. de Buffon doubts whether this is not a variety of the Golden Vulture ; and Ray, from the name he applies to it, feems of the fame opinion. Le Vautour hupé, Bri/. orz. i. p. 460. N° 6. 12. Le Vautour a Aigrettes, Buf. off i. p. 159. HARE Vultur leporarius Ge/ner?, Raii Syn. p. 10. N°4. Mio Hare Vulture, Will. orn. p. 67. N° 4. HIS is rather lefs than the Golden Vulture, or next {pecies, Description, and is all over of a thining reddifh black; the breaft much inclining to a fulvous colour. The bill is black: the legs yellow: claws dufky, or black. D While 1S Manners. 13. GOLDEN DESCRIPTION. 14. ANGOLA V. DescrIPTION, Na ee Tea Fe Ur RS While this bird is at reft, either fitting or ftanding, it erects a creft, appearing as if it was horned, which does not appear while it is flying. It flies very fwift, and runs faft, preying both on living as well as dead animals, alfo fith; catching the firft not only in flight, but by often fairly running them down. - Le Vautour doré, Brif- orv. i. p. 458. N° fo - Vultur fulvus Gefner?, Ratz Syn. p.10. N°s. Vultur beeticus, Razi Syz. p. 10. N° 3. Golden Vulture, W7l/, orn. p.67.N* 5. t. 4. )IGGER than the Golden Eagle. Length four feet eight inches. The head and hind part of the neck are rufous white: the body is black above, and rufous beneath: quills and tail brown : the fhafts of the feathers, on the upper parts, are white: legs covered to the toes with pale rufous feathers: the toes them- felves brown: claws horn-colour. M. de Buffon fays, that it appears. clear to him, that this and. N° 11 are varieties of each other. Angola Vulture, Penn. Tour in Wales, ps 228, te 190. Lev. Muf. ‘ HIE fize of this fpecies is about half as big again as a kite. The bill is whitifh, long, and but little hooked: cere blue- ith: orbits flefh-coloured and naked: irides ftraw-coloured: head and neck clothed with feathers: craw pendulous: head, neck, back, breaft, belly, and lefler wine coverts, of a pure 10 : > white: Jv.tg- V0 T UR E. Oa 19 white: greater wing coverts, and primaries, black ; the laft tip- ped with white: lower part of the tail black; the end white: legs dirty white, and fcaly. Mr. Pennant defcribed this from the fine Neatlecine of birds at Bryn § pys, the feat of Richard Parry Price, Efq. two of them which came from Angola. They were, fi «« reftlefs and queraloes and more active than is uf ** flugeifh race.” Thefe are now finely sreietveal nt Tawny Vulture, T oe . We HE bill is dufky, fhort, DEscRIPTION. briftles: fpace betwee head covered with feathers: chin | eal 1 tuft of flender feathers: head, b2 Wisi hs, of a pale tawny-colour: ed wit tail dirty white, — claws long, flightly © 1 0 inches. Inhabits Falkland Ilands. — Defcribes in the Royal Society’s Muf ie ider, blueith : two feet four | bafe is lead-c - brown; the upp head and neck a 29 Psace., 17- SECRETARY Prate If, DzscrIPTION. ¥U U TU RE: down of a deep brown colour; but the fore part of it, from the chin to the breaft, is quite bare; of a dirty light brown, and fomewhat wrinkled: lower part of the neck, all round, is thinly fet with narrow feathers, like a ruff: the body above, is of a deep black brown: the wing coverts have pale’ fhafts; the quills very dark, almoft black; beneath, the colour is paler than on the upper parts: the fhaft of each feather white, or very pale buff-colour: thighs the fame: the crop hangs over the breaft, as in many of the Vulture genus: the legs are ftrong, much warted, and of a deep brown colour: claws. black. The fpecimen from which the above defcription was taken, is. now alive in the Zower. ‘The keeper informed me, that it came: from Bengal. Meffager du Cap de bonne Tice, PL. endl. 72%. Sagittarius, Vofmaer monog. tab. 8. Secretaire, Son. Voy. p. 87. te 50. Falco ferpentarius, 7. F. Maller. E28. Secretary, or Sagittarius, Phil, Tranf. vol. Ixi. p. 17 75> Lev. Mu/f. HIS is a moft fineular fpecies, being particularly remark- able from the great length of it’s legs; which, at firft fight, would induce one to think it belonged to waders: but the characters of the Vulture are fo ftrongly marked throughout, as_ to leave no doubt to which clafs it belongs. _ The bird, when ftanding erect, is full three feet from the top Oty the head to the ground, The bill is black, fharp, and crooked, Wee ley) Went een tee HE 2 crooked, like that of an Eagle: cere white: round the eyes bare of feathers, and of a deep yellow or orange-colour: the irides pale grey: the upper eye-lid befet with ftrong brifties, like eye-lafhes: the head, neck, breaft, and upper parts of the body, are of a blueifh afh-colour: baftard wing, prime quills, vent, and thighs, black; in the laft, the feathers have white tips : tail rounded, brownith afh; the end,-for above an inch, black ; the tip white: the two middle feathers the fame in colour as the others, but more than, as long again as any of them: the legs are very long, ftouter than thofe of a Heron, and of a brown colour: claws fhortifh, but crooked, not very fharp, and of a black colour: from the hind head fprings a number of long feathers, which hang loofe behind, like a pendent creft: thefe feathers arife by pairs, and are longer as they are lower down on the neck: this creft the bird can erect or deprefs at pleafure: it is of a dark colour, almoft black: the webs are equal on both fides, and rather curled; and the feathers, when erected, fomewhat incline towards the neck.. This fmngular fpecies inhabits the internal parts of Africa, and is frequently feen at the Cape of Good Hope. It is alfo met with in the Philippine Ilands*. The defcription I have given above, was taken from three which were alike, which I faw in England alive, fome years fince ;. two of which are now in the Leverian Mufeum. rom confine- ment, they had loft their two long tail-feathers; but this want was kindly fupplied by fome accurate drawings, which Mr. Banks favoured me with, taken from the life, at the Cape. Thete * Son. Voy. p. 88, were Manners: ~ Veni ei ay Uy Re eR were in the body of the fame.colour with my defcription, but had the tail-feathers black throughout, with pale whitifh tips. — That figured in the Plawches Enluminées is brown above, white beneath: the breaft yellowifh: tail wholly black throughout. ‘The toes are faulty, being near three times the length of nature. Mr. Sonnerat fays, that the bird is naked above the knées ; and that the two outer tail-feathers are the long ones, which, he fays, are as long as the whole body. In this he is not far amifs; but in the two firft affertions, I am clear, he has been mifinformed. In Miller’s plate of this bird, I obferve the tail to be croffed with numerous alternate bars of black and white, and the creft tipped with white*. I think it neceffary to be thus prolix on the colours, to fhew how much it varies, either by age, fex, or in different fpecimens, naturally. As to the manners of this bird, it is on all hands allowed, that it principally feeds on rats, lizards, fnakes, and the like; and that it will become familiar: whence Sonnerat is of opinion that it might be made ufeful in fome of our colonies, if encouraged, to- wards the deftruction of thofe peits. They call it at the Cape of Good Hope, Slangeater, i.e. Snake-eater. A great peculiarity be- longs to it, I believe obferved in no other; which is, the faculty of ftriking forwards with it’s legs, never backwards. This circum- {tance I have obferved myfelf.—Dr. Solander informs me, that he has feen one of thefe birds take up a fnake, {mall tortoife, or fuch like, in it’s claws; when, dafhing it from thence againft the ground with great violence, if the victim was not killed at firft, it * He has omitted the bare fpace round the eyes; which gives it more the appearance of a Falcon than a Vulture: which laft genus it certainly be- longs to, repeated Na Pare ny, Re repeated the operation till that end was anfwered; after which it ate it up quietly. Dr. 7. R. Forfter mentioned a further circumftance, which he fays was fuppofed to be peculiar to this bird; that fhould it by any accident break the leg, the bone would never unite again. — The fact I can by no means call in queftion; but it being peculiar to this fpecies, fhould be well confidered; at leaft till we know whether an union of the bone will take place again in the Flamingo, long-legged Plover, Avocetta, and fuch kind of birds, which are liable to the fame accident. Genus I.- AWA AH HA PCA oh NC vO IN: Genus Il. . Crowned Eagle. . Black E. . Bald E. ESeaib. . Golden E. . Ringtail E. A. White-tailed E. . Fierce E. . Cinereous E. . Plaintive E. . Black-cheeked E. . Chinefe E. » White E. . Louifiana White E. . Rough-footed E. . Leffer White-tailed E. . Spotted E. . Jean le blanc. . New Holland White E. . Statenland E. . Brafilian E. . Pondicherry. E. . Black-backed E. . White-crowned E. 24. RuMian E. FALCON. N°2s. 26. Equinoétial E. Ofprey. A. Carolina O. B. Cayenne O. . Mansfeny . Buzzard. . Greater Buzzard. A. Spotted B. . Cream-coloured B. . American B. . Harpy. - Honey B. - Moor B. A. Bay Falcon. B. White-rumped BayF. . Afh-coloured B. . Barred-breafted B. . Collared F. . New Zeeland F. . Gofhawk. . Cayenne F. . Long-tailed F. . Swallow-tailed F. - Wite: . Black K. 45. Auftrian N° 4s 46. 47° 48. 49- Pi ASL: €: 0 Auftrian K, Ruffian K. | Brafilian K. Gentil F. Common F. A. Yearling F. B. Haggard F. C. White-headed F. D. White F. E. Black F. F. Spotted-winged F. G. Brown F. H.Red F. I. Red Indian F. K, Italian F. L. Arétic F. . Iceland F. A. White Iceland F. B. Spotted Iceland F. . Barbary F. . Peregrine F. A. Tartarian F. . Spotted F. - Rough-legged F. - Booted F. . Rough-footed F. . Placentia F. - Saint John’s F. . Sacre, N’ 60. 61. 62. 79: So. 81. N. A. American S. Newfoundland F. Starry F. Northern F. . Crefted Indian F. . Caracca F. . Black and White F. . Ceylonefe crefted F. . Grey F. . Brown Jerfalcon. . White Jerf. A. Iceland Jerf. . Surinam Falcon, . Laughing F. Brown Lanner. . White L. - Hen Harrier. . Ringtail. A. Marfh Hawk. . Hudfon’s Bay Ringtail. A. Cayenne R. . Stone F. . Mountain F. A. Afh-col. Mountain F. Keftril. A. Lark Hawk. B. Grey Keftril. Fifhing F. Brown H. N° 82. a6 AG TE) Gi Oa, NE N°82. Red-throated F. N°gi. Orange-breafted H.. 83. Speckled B. 92. Spotted-tailed H. 84. American Brown H. * 93. Merlin. 85. Sparrowhawk. A. New York M. A. Spotted Sp. B. Caribbee M. B. White Sp... C. Falconers M. 86. Pigeon H.. 94. Little F. 87. Guiana F. 95. Saint Domingo F. 88. Ingrian F. 96. Minute F.. - $9. Great-billed F. 97. Bengal F. go. Hobby.. 98. Siberian F. "HE bill is hooked, and furnifhed with a waxy fkin at the bafe,. called the cere.. The head and neck thickly befet with feathers.. The tongue bifid at the end. This is the Linnean definition. Mr. Pennant* adds :- Noftrils fmall, oval, placed in the cere. Legs. and feet fcaly; middle toe connected to the outmoft,, as far as the firft joint, by a {trong membrane. Claws large,, much hooked, and very fharp; that.of the outer. coe the leaft. The female larger and ftronger than the male. This genus of birds is fo well known, that fcarcely any one is at a lofs where to place any fpecies he fhall fee.. The only miftake that can happen, is in confounding it. with the firft genus, for the reafons therein mentioned. The chief characte- riftics are the bill and claws; being both of them very hooked and: ® Genera of Birds, 1773. P. 2% Sharps. BAL Cc ON, fharp. The luxury of thefe, for the moft part, is to kill their own prey, and eat it while frefh.—Both this and the Vulture will often take in as much food as will lait for many days without a frefh fupply; and nature has likewife enabled it to bear a very long abftinence in turn. — Their food is not always flefh; many of the fpecies eat fifh, and others are content with fnakes and reptiles, as will be noted in it’s place. — They are apt to vary much in the plumage, according to age; which has been the occafion of enumerating more fpecies than really exift.—It is obferved, that every climate is fur- nifhed with them, not being confined, like the Vulture, to the warmer regions, —I cannot find that the Falcon tribe ever unites into companies: and, except in breeding-time, feldom two are feen together. The method taken in arranging thefe, will be chiefly according to their fizes *, beginning at the largeft, and ending with the leaft; as Limneus’s method of feparating them from each other by the colour of the cere, muft frequently deceive, being known to vary in birds of the fame fpecies, ’ Falco coronatus, Zin. Sy/?. i. p. 124. N° 1. L’Aigle hupé d’Afrique, Brif. orz. i. p. 448. N° 14. Crowned Eagle, Eda, ili. t, 224. HIS bird is one third lefs in fize than the large Eagles. The bill and cere are ferruginous: the irides orange red: fore part of the head, and round the eyes, whitifh: parts above * Not to a nicety in refpect to their gradation by length. E 2 Ye brown, 2y Yo CROWNED EAGLE, DESCRAPTIONG 2% 2, BLACK. DESCRIPTION®. PF) Ay EL) Ch ON: brown, each feather edged with pale brown: beneath the body is white, with round black fpots: breaft rufous: the fides fafciated with black: tail above deep grey, tranfverfely banded with black: toes bright orange: claws black. The feathers on the top of the head are long enough to form a creft, which may be erected or depreffed at will. Buffon * fays that this bird, and the Crefted Vulture, N° 2, vary fo little, as to induce him to believe them the fame, HER. ing only from climate. Faleomelanzetus, Liz. Syf. i. p. 124. N° 2s L’Aigle noir, Bri/. orn, 1. p. 434. N° 8. L’Aigle commun, Buf. off. i. p. 86. ——— - Pl. enl. 409. Melanaztos, Raii Syn. p. 7, N° 4. Schwartzer-braune Adler, Frifch t. 69- Black Eagle, Will orn. p. 61, fe. 3. t. 2 ———-—— Albin. ii. p. 2. * ENGTH two feet ten inches. Bill horn-colour, with a tinge: of blue :. cere reddifh: irides hazel: general’ colour blackih :: the head and upper part of the neck mixed: with rufous: lower. half of the tail white, with blackifh fpots, the end half blackith :: legs covered. with dirty white feathers: toes yellow:. claws. black.. Inhabits Europe. © Hift des Of. i. p. 137, N°? 20. Falca, FAL CQ N, Falco leucocephalus, Ziz. Sy?.i. p. 124. N° 3. L’Aigle a téte blanche, Bri/. orz. i. p. 422. N° 2, Le Pygargue, Buf. oi/. i. p. 99. Se PI. ext. 411. Bald Eagle, Caze/. Car. i. t. 1. ————— Am. Zool. N° Lew. Muf. LENCTH three feet three inches; weight nine pounds. The bill and cere are yellow: the irides white: the head, * neck, and tail are white; the reft of the body dark brown: upper part of the fhins covered with brown feathers, as the reft of the body; the lower half and toes are yellow: claws black. Inhabits Ewrope; but more common in North America, prey- ing on both flefh and fifh; the latter it does not procure for itfelf, but, fitting in a convenient fpot, watches the diving of the Opprey into the water after a fifh, which the moment it has feized, the Bald Eagle follows clofe after, when the O/prey is glad to efcape by dropping the fifh from his bill; and fuch jis the dexterity of the former, that it often feizes the unmerited prey before it can fall to the ground. Cate/by fays, the male and, female are: much alike.. ® It. does not-get the white head and neck till the fecond year... Raltee 29 3o + BALD DeEscriPTHONe MAnNeERS~ go DESCRIPTION. BY AGL (CT ON Neg Falco Offifragus, Liz. Sy/. i. p. 124. N° 4. Le grand Aigle de Mer, Bri/, orz. 1. p. 437. N° g- L’Orfraie, Buf. cif. i. p. 112, t. 3. Le grand Aigle de Mer, P/, ex/. 112, the male. Orfraie ou Offifrague, Pl. ex/. 415, the female. Haliztus feu Offifraga, Raii Syn. p. 7, N° 36 Sea Eagle, or Ofprey, Will. orn. p. 59, t. i ———_ Br. Zool, i. p. 167, te 176 An. Zo0l. N® Br. Muf.* Lev. Muf. HIS fpecies is a trifle lefs in fize than the Golden Eagle: the length is three feet four inches and a half. The bill is of a blueifh horn-colour: cere luteous: under the chin the hairs almoft as narrow as briftles: the upper parts are covered with. ferruginous brown, the margins of the feathers darkeft: belly whitifh, fpotted with ferruginous: the infides and tips of the tail feathers are of a deep brown; the outfides of fome are fer- ruginous, of others blotched with white: legs yellow, feathered a little below the knees with ferruginous feathers: claws deep - black, very large, and remarkably hooked. Linnaeus fays, that the interior webs of the tail Ba ibite and the fhaft, are white; and that the female is of a dull fer- ruginous colour. * The author means here to fignify the Briti/s Mufeum, which has been the repofitory for every curious matter for feveral years paft, and among the reft, not ill ftored with fpecimens in ornithology ; an account of which will be no- ticed in this manner throughout this work. 2 Inhabits Re AD TD Cr Op NG Inhabits Ewrope: not unlike the Golden Eagle; but the latt is feathered to the toes. It lives chiefly on fifh, but is not indebted to any other help than it’s own, in order to procure them, as is the cafe in the laft fpecies. It is frequent likewife in North America; and. was. alfo met with in Botany Ifland by. Gapiain Cooke.. Falco chryfaetos, Liz ft. i. ps 125; N° 5s Scop. Annsi. p. 13- L’Aigle doré, Bri/. orz. i. p. 431. N76 Le grand Aigle, Buf. oi/- i. p. 76. Pl. enl 410. Chryfaetos, Rati fu. p. 6, N° 1. Golden Eagle, Wil. orn. p. 58, t. 1.— Albin ii, to Va Br. Zool. i. p. 163, te 162 Lev. Muf. HIS is a large fpecies, weighing twelve pounds; the length is three feet, breadth feven feet four inches. The bill is deep blue:.cere yellow: irides hazel: head and neck of a deep brown, bordered with tawny: hind head of a bright ruft- colour: the whole body dark brown: quill feathers chocolate, . with white fhafts: tail deep brown, blotched with obfcure afh:: legs yellow, and feathered quite to the toes, which are very fealy, and the claws remarkably large, the middle one being two: inches in length.. Inhabits Europe, Palcm. 31 5: GOLDEN, DescriPrioNs. 32 re Aw. LL? Cx.O? N: 6. Falco Fulvus, Lin. fy. i. p. 125. N° 6. RING-TAILED. L’Aigle commun, Pi. enlum. 409. Q L’Aigle, Brif. orn. i. p. 41g. N° 1. Aquila fulva, Rati fyn. p. 6, N° 2. Golden Eagle, with a white ring about it’s tail, Will, orm p. 59.. Black Eagle, Br. Zool. i. p. 165. Ringtail Eagle, 4m. Zool. Ne DescrirTion. ILL blackith horn-colour: cere yellow : irides hazel : general colour brown: head and neck inclining to rufous: tail white for two thirds of its length, the reft blackifh: legs fea~ thered to the toes, which are yellow: claws black. 6. : Falco fulvus 8. Liz. fy. te pe 125. N° 6. Var. A. Le Pygargue, Buf. cif. i. p. 996 cage LAigle a téte blanche, Pl. enl. 411. White-tailed Eagle, Edw. i. t. 1. DescripTion. HIS differs in having almoft the whole of the tail white, except juft the tip, which is brown. The breaft is {cat- tered with triangular fpots: the forehead, between the eyes, naked. M. Briffon fuppofes that this, the Erne, and the Bald Eagle, are only varieties, Accipiter RAO Ee. Oa NW. Lev. Mu. ENGTH two feet nine inches. Bill brownifh yellow, large, and aquiline: head, neck, breaft, belly, thighs, and vent, white: back, wings, and tail, dark brown, except the end of the laft, which is white for about three inches: the legs are yellow, and very ftout: the claws black. This bird was brought to England in one of the laft circumnavigating fhips, and is now in the Leverian Mufeum. Its native place unknown. ENGTH one foot eleven inches. The bill is rather {mall for the fize of the bird, blue at the bafe, and blackifh at the tip: the un- der part of the lower mandible yellowifh: the cere dufky: forehead nearly of a buff-colour: the upper parts of the head and body brown, each feather marked with ferruginous juft at the tip: acrofs the hind- head there is a mixture of pale cream-colour, and lower down the fea- thers are much blotched with the fame: the fides of the head, be- neath the eye, palifh, {treaked with brown: from the chin fprings a erefcent of black, placed much like that in the Hobby: the chin is white,, ftreaked with fine lines of black: the fore part of the neck and breaft brown, each feather margined with yellowifh white: belly the fame, but darker; the fhafts of a deep brown: the quills are dark, and on the inner web of each are feveral oval ferruginous fpots, placed tranf- verfely ; the tips of all of them tipped with the fame, except the four or five outer ones, which are plain: the wings, when clofed, reach ra- ther beyond the middle of the tail, which is eight inches long, of a deep brown; all the feathers are fpotted on each fide of the webs with ferruginous, except the two outer feathers, which are plain on the outer web = the legs are yellow: the claws pretty large, hooked, and black. A good fpecimen of this is now in the poffeffion of Mr. Banks, from. which the above defcription is taken. aid LENGTE 33 73. , WHITE: BELLIED E. N.S. Descriprion. __7 be JAPONESE H. N.S. DeéscriPrtion. * 34* Wate ORIENTAL H. N. S. DEscRIPTION. PLACE. 7d. JAVAN H. N. S. Dzscriprion. PEACE, BALE © 1@ ian. ENGT Hi feventeen inches. The bill pretty large, hooked, and black; the under mandible yellow at the bafe: the upper part of the body, in general, of a very dark brown, but darkeft on the head: over the eye is a ferruginous ftreak: the under part of the body ferru- ginous brown, with a black ftreak down the middle of each feather, which is befides marked with fome fpots of pale ferruginous: thighs and vent much the fame, but the laft banded with brown: the quills are dark brown, the inner webs marked with oval fpots of white, placed tranfverfely ; befides which, there is an obfcure dufky-white fpot on all, except the three firft: the under wing-coverts are ferruginous, {potted with white: the tail eight inches long; all the feathers marked with obfcure dirty-white fpots, from the bafe to within an inch and a half of the end, which is dufky: the legs are pale lead-colour: claws black. This is alfo in the poffeffion of Mr. Banks. Both of them flew on board a fhip, near the coaft of Fapan. Lev. Muf. ENGTH feventeen inches. Bill yellow at the bafe, and black at the tip: the cere yellow: forehead white : upper parts of the body red- difh-brown, inclining moft to red on the wing-coverts; the fhafts of which are darkeft: the under wing-coverts ofa dirty reddifh-white, undulated with ferruginous: quills dark brown on the outer, and deep. ferruginous on the inner webs, which are tranfverfely barred with black; the ends nearly black: nape of the neck blotched with white, as in the Sparrow Hawk: the tail-coverts are tipped with white: the tail brown, even at the end, and banded with black; the bands five in number: the wings reach to near the end of the tail: the throat and _breaft like the upper parts, but paler; the margins of the feathers very pale: the belly ferruginous brown, barred with white: thighs the fame, but paler: vent white: legs yellow and ftout: claws black. Suppofed to inhabit Fava, as the above bird flew on. board a fhip off that ifland, Accipiter 3 A’ Li Ci OC. N. Accipiter’ferox, WV. Cuac. fe.'Petrop, Vol. XV. ts 1Os-Pe 442. HIS bird is very little inferior in fize to the former. The ~ pill is lead-colour: cere green: irides yellow: eyelids and pupil blue: ‘over the éyes are long, black, ftiff hairs: the topper parts are ferruginous brown: the crown and hind head have a little mixture of white: the fore part of the neck is ferruginous, with a mixture of'white: the breaft and belly white, fpotted with chefnut: the quills are black on the upper fur- face ; within brown and white; beneath white ; towards the end grey: the wing-coverts are paler than the body, fpotted with ferruginous forwards, and white behind: tail brown; the fea- thers on the pofterior fide white, fafciated with four bands of deep brown: the rump is whitifh: legs white, thick, and rough: “claws crooked. : This bird is faid‘to be:remarkably fierce; will not touch dead ‘animals ; was found frequent near the-city of Aftrachan, in the winter of 1769. ‘Vultur albiulla, Liz. Gf. i. ‘p. 123. N° 8. -L’Aigle a queue blanche, ‘Bri/. orn. i. p. 4272 N° §~ ‘Le grand Pygargue, Buf. o:/. i. p. 99.— Pl, nl. ALL: -Pygargus, Raz. fyn. p. 7. N° 5. ‘Braun-fahle Adler, Frifch. t. 70. ‘White-tailed Eagle, Will. orn. p. 61. ‘Cinereous Eagle, Br. Zool. i. p. 170, t. 18> IZE of a Turkey: length two feet nine inches. Bill of a pale yellow colour, ftrait at the bafe: cere and irides the fame: fpace between the eyes bare, and of a blueifh colour: the head EF and 7. FIERCE DescrirTion. Manwers. 8. CINEREOUS DeEscrRIPTION. 34 Pace. PLAINTIVE E. DEscRIPTION. Bera e Typ) Oo Ne and neck pale afh-colour: body and wings cinereous, clouded with brown: quills very dark: tail white: legs feathered a little way below the knees, and of a bright yellow colour: claws black. ‘Inhabits Ewrope, particularly Scotland and the Orknies. ‘The male is of a darker colour than the female. On Mr. ‘Pennant’s authority, and juft reafons, we here place it with the Falcons, as the head and neck are both completely feathered. Indeed the ftraitnefs of the bill might lead Linmeus to unite it with the Yul- tures; but he is the only one who has thought fit to rank it with that genus. Falco Plancus, 7. F. Miller, tab. 17. Cook’s Voy. vol. ite ps 184, te 326 ENGTH twenty-five inches. Bill black: cere, and round the eyes, orange: crown of the head black; the feathers longifh, forming a creft: the neck, and upper part of the body, the breaft, and upper part of the belly, are grey, ftriated with numerous undulated tranverfe black lines: between the legs black: vent grey brown, with undulated. lines: wings brown ; fome of the coverts white, barred with brown; the four outer quills black, the,inner ones white, with dark bars: tail white, with numerous black bars; the end, for more than an inch, black : legs bright yellow: claws black. Inhabits Zerra del Fuego. Black a eS ne Oe P35. FAL CON, Black-bellied Falcon, For. Am. Cat. pr 8. Black-cheeked Falcon, 4m. Zool. N° HIS is a large fpecies, being equal to an Eagle in fize. The head and neck are of a deep afh-colour: the belly black. For further particulars, as well as manners, confult 4m. Zoo- logy. His fpecies is of a fize little inferior to that of an Eagle. The bill is black and hooked: the cere yellow: irides brown: the parts above are of a reddifh brown colour: the top of the head pretty dark; the edges of the feathers darkeft. Acrofs the middle of the wing is a bar of dark brown, pretty broad, and moft part of the quills are of the fame colour to the end: the tail of the fame colour as the upper part; the bafe, the middle, and the end of a dark brown: all the under parts, from the chin to the vent, are of a yellowifh buff-colour: the legs are yellow, very ftout: claws large, hooked, and black. This is an inhabitant of India: the defcription and drawing of the bird lent me by Mr. Pennant: fee plate iii. of this work. Inacolleétion of drawings exhibited in King-Street, Covent-Gar- den, April 28, 17780, I obferved a bird which was not very different from the above, perhaps a variety. It was crefted, the creft compofed of afh-coloured and black feathers intermixed: the bill black : iris of a pale yellow: fides of the head, round the eye, of an afh-colour: back and wings deep chocolate brown; Bag the 35 10. BLACK- CHEEKED E. DEscRIPTION. Il. CHINESE Dy N.S. Pl. 3. DeEscRIPTION. 36 120) WHITE E.- DESCRIPTIONe 3a LOUISIANE WHITE {[Descriprions ieee 4Ce Oak: the edges of the feathers yellowifh: acrofs the wings, and great» part of the quills, the colour darker than in the reft of the. wing: tail cinereous; the bafe, the middle, and‘end black, or- very dark brown ; the very tip beneath white:-the chin and throat of a ferruginous yellow: breaft and belly the fame, but blotched ir- regularly with black, or dark brown: the edge of the wing ferrugi- nous and black mixed: legs ftrong and aquiline: claws large and - black. This bird was drawn.as if of a large fize ; from what place nor. mentioned. L2Aigle blanc, Bri/vorn. 1. p. 424. N° 3¢ Aquila alba cygnea, Klein Hift. av. p. 42. N° 7« White Eagle, Charl. onom. p. 63. N° g.. RISSON defcribes this bird to be as big as the Golden Eagle,. and wholly as white as {now; and inhabits the 4/ps, and the- rocks on the borders of the Rbine. M. Buffon is of opinion that all White Eagles are varieties only, and in courfe this fhould not have place as a diftinct fpe- cies; but as the firft-mentioned author has thought fit to make - it fo, I here retain it on his authority. . White Eagle, Du-Pratz Hit: Louif. vols iis p. 75.. Amer. Zool. N° HIS, he fays, .is fmaller than the Eagle of the ps, but- more handfome, being nearly white, except the ends of the quills, which are black: it is reckoned a:rare bird, and efteemed much. . Be ABTS Co OU NN ouch by the natives, who purchafe the quill-feathers-at a dear: rate, to make the /ymbol of peace*, of which thefe feathers com-- pofe the fan part. Li Aigle tacheté,; Briforn.i. p. 425. N° 4. Le petit Aigle, Buf. of. 1. p. gi. Stein Adler, Frifch. t. 71. Rough-footed Eagle, Charl. cnom p. 63. N° 6. MIZE of'a large cock: length two feet feven inches and a half. Cere yellow: iris the fame: general colour. of the bird is dull ferruginous; beneath the wings and thighs fpotted with white ; under tail-coverts white: legs covered to the toes with: dull ferruginous feathers, {potted with white: legs yellow: claws. black. This bird inhabits Europe, and lives chiefly on Rats. * Mr. Du Prarz tells us in the firft volume, that this fymbol. of peace,: called the Calumet of Peace, confifts of a tube or pipe of a foot and half, or more, in length, covered with the fkin of the neck of a beautiful-coloured duck: at: ane end is fixed a kind. of fan, compofed of the quill-feathers of the White» Eagle, in fhape about one quarter of acircle; at the end of each feather is a. {mall tuft of hair dyed of.a red colour, The other end is naked, in order .tox, fmoke at, Morphno. cory 14. ROUGH- FOOTED 8, oe DeESCRLIETION«. 38 15. SPOTTED E. DeEscripTion, OBSERVATION. BY Aa) CX On N: Morphno congener, Rati fz. p. 7. N° 7. Will. ora. p. 63. Br. Mu. HE length of this bird is two feet. The bill is large, hooked, and black: cere yellow: all the parts above are of a deep rufty brown colour: the feathers on the head and neck are very narrow, like thofe of the Kite, pale at the ends, and for fome way down the fhafts: the fcapular feathers, and wing- coverts, are each marked with an oval whitifh fpot at the end, which fpots become larger as they are lower on the wings; and in the greater coverts they occupy almoft the whole breadth of the feather, giving the wings a moft beautiful appearance: the feathers on the middle of the back are likewife fpotted, but of a pale buff-colour. The greater quills are deep brown, plain, nearly black ; fecondaries the fame, but tipped with dirty white; thofe neareft the body have the end for near an inch white: the upper tail-coverts dirty white: the tail deep brown, tipped with dirty white: belly and vent dark brown, ftreaked with dirty pale buff: thighs brown, ftriped down the fhafts from the mid- dle to the end of each feather with white: legs feathered to the toes, which are yellow: claws black. ; If I am not miftaken, this bird will prove to be the Morphno con- gener of Aldrovandus ; which I have ventured to affert at the be- ginning, and which may be feen by comparing the above with what Willughby fays of it, adding that the iris is cinereous. Both M. Briffon and M. de Buffon join this with the fynonyms of the laft fpecies; but I believe without reafon. ‘Their bird I do not know; but am clear that this has exiftence, having myfelf defcribed it from a fpecimen in good condition now in the Brr- Tish Museum. Le He Aw Li Ce OR Ne 39 Le petit Aigle a queue blanche, Bri/. orn. i. p. 429. N° 6. ieee oer Le petit Pygargue, Buf. i. p. 99. TAILED E. Braun-fahle Adler, Frifch. t. 70. : Pygargus of Aldrovand, Wil. orz. p. 62. Erne, Ge/ner, p. 205.—Fawn-killing Eagle, Charl. onom. p. 63. N° 4. Lev. Muf. IZE of a large cock: leneth two feet two inches. Bill, cere, Description. and irides yellow: parts above, of a dull ruft-colour; be- neath, ferruginous, mixed with blackifh: head and neck afh- coloured, inclining to chefnut: the tips of the feathers black- ifh : tail white: legs yellow and naked: claws black. Inhabits Europe. — M. Buffon thinks that this Eagle, the Bald, and the White-tailed Eagle, or V. Albiulla of Linnaeus *, are varieties of the fame fpecies. The fpecimen in the Leverian Mu/feum fomewhat differs from the above defcription, in having the head pale afh; the fhoulders the fame, but darker; and fome white about the eyes: alfo the outer webs of the tail, above half-way from the bafe, are brown; otherwife the tail is white. — This fpecimen faid to come from Africa. Le Jean le blanc, Brifvi. p. 443. Ne 11. eee Buf. i. pe 124. te 4.—Pl. el, 413. Pygargus, Fohuft. av. Pp» 4. t. 2. 7s JEAN LE’ BLANC. HE bulk of his does not fall far fhort of that of the Black Descriprion. Eagle: length two feet one inch. The colour of the bill ® The Erne of Mr. Pennant. See Br. Zool. N° 45. i Lge) 1S ‘FEMALE, Manners. 18. NEW HOLLAND WHITE E. N. 5. DescriPTION. PLaAcE. 19. ‘STATENLAND E. N.-S. DESCRIPTION. PLACE, ACEC vORUN, is Cinereous: the irtdes yellow: parts above grey-brown; be- neath white, fpotted with rufous brown: the outfides and tips of the tail-feathers are brown; within white, tranfverfely ftreaked with brown: legs yellowifh, naked: -claws cine- reous. This bird is frequent in France, but fcarce elfewhere; and is faid to eat mice, rats, and frogs. ‘The female is almoft wholly of a grey colour, having no white except on the rump; and that - Of a dirty colour.—Generally makes it’s neft on the -ground, among heath, broom, furze, &Sc.; fometimes, though not often, upon pine and other high trees: lays generally three eggs, of a grey flate-colour.—This is a different bird from the-Henharrier, ‘though by fome confounded with it. -ENGTH twenty inches. Orbits of the eyes yellow: cere the fame: the whole body of a pure white: the legs are yellow: the hind claw double: the length of the others. ‘Inhabits New Holland——Communicated by Dr. G. R, Forfter *. ENGT H twenty-five inches; fize of the Plaintive E. N° 9. “~ The cere is yellow :- body brown: tail: black: end of the tail ‘tipped with dirty yellowifh white. Inhakits Staten Land. -Has a-cry much like-that of a hen, fo as to deceive one into the fuppofition at firft hearing. * Iam much obliged by many hints and obfervations communicated to me by that gentleman, in the courfe of his voyage round the world. 3 Tam BA Lb €' oO N. I am indebted likewife to the above-mentioned gentleman for this fhort account; and on his opinion I place it as a new fpecies. L’Aigle du Beef, Brif. orn. i. p. 445. N° 12. Urubitinga, £2/° of. 1. p. 141.—Razi Synz. p. 8. N°Q. Will. orn. p. 64. B® ISSO N fays it is as big as a goofe of half a year old. The bill is thick and black: cere yellowifh: eyes large: 40 20. BRASILIAN E, DESCRIPTION. general colour brown: wings blackifh, mixed with cinereous: . tail white for two-thirds of it’s length, then black, with a white tip: the legs are naked, and yellow. This is an inhabitant of Bra/fil. L’Aigle de Pondichery, Brif orn. i. p. 450. N°15. t. 35- ——— Buf. vif, is Po 136+ —_—_—_-— - —— PI, enl. 416. HIS bird, according to the drawing, muit be an handfome fpecies. In fize it equals the Jerfalcon. Length one foot feven inches. The bill is cinereous, with the tip yellow: cere blueifh: colour of the body chefnut; the fhaft of each feather blackifh: the head, neck, and breaft, are white, with a longi- tudinal brown line down the middle of each feather: the end- half of the fix firft prime quills is black: tail-feathers chefnut ; the fix middle feathers are of a pale-fulvous colour at the tip; the three others have narrow blackifh bands on the inner webs : legs luteous: claws black, G This 21. PONDICHERRY E. DescriPTion. 42 22. BLACK-BACK- ED E. \Daeseriprion. 2. WHITE- CROWNED E. DuscRiPpTioNe FALCON. This fpecies is found at Pondicherry, in the Eajt Indies. Itis held as a facred bird, and worfhipped in confequence, by the na- tives on the coaft of Malabar. Black-backed Eagle, Brown's il. p. 4. t. 2: HTS is a large bird, faid to be of the fize of the Goldex Eagle. The bill is black: cere yellow: head, hind part of the neck, belly, and wing coverts, are ferruginous : the fore part of the neck, breaft, back, and quills, are black: bafe of the tail,. to the middle, is white; the end half black: legs yellow, covered to the toes with ferruginous feathers: claws black. From whence it came, unknown.. Aquila leucorypha, Pallas Voy.2. p. 454. N° 5. Pre fize is equal to an Ofprey, and not much unlike that bird; but the limbs are longer; it expands fix feet, and weighs nearly fix pounds. The bill is ftrait at the bafe: cere of a livid afh-colour: irides grey brown, with a black outer circle: the | head is grey brown,. with a triangular white fpot on the crown: throat white: fides of the head darker than the reft (as in the Ofprey): the upper part of the body is of a clouded brown co- four; the parts beneath, the fame, but paler: fecond coverts: have grey margins: quills very dark: tail longifh, even at the end, black at the tip, and white beneath; fome of the fide- feathers are dotted within with white: the legs are pale; one third BE AL Ls) 3s ON third of the fhins covered with feathers: claws large, black: no membrane between the toes. This bird frequents the more fouthern parts of the Faick. Aquila mogilnick, Now. com. ac. Petr. vol. xv. te 11. Go HE fize is not mentioned; but by the name Eagle, it cannot be very {mall. The bill is black: cere and fides of the bill luteous : eye-lids blue: iris lurid: head, neck, and back, of an obfcure ferruginous brown, here and there mixed with a little white: the pofterior and inferior fides of the quills fpotted with grey; the tips of the fourth, fifth, fixth, and feventh, black; the reft undulated, with rufous tips: wings reach almoft to the end of the tail: the under parts are the fame colour as thofe above, but without any mixture of white: greater wing-coverts brown, with ferruginous. tips; leffer coverts half brown half rufous : tail black, with grey bands; the tips rufous: the legs are fea= thered to the claws, like to thofe of fome kinds of owls; they are of a luteous colour, with black claws. Inhabits Rufia, along with N° 46, and often feen with it near the city of T/cbercafk. HE length of this fpecies is twenty-one inches; breadth three feet and a half. The bill is of a pale colour, with a black tip: the head, neck as far as the breaft, and the upper part of the body, dark brown, inclining to black: fcapulars and wing-coverts chocolate brown; the bafe and margin of each fea- G2 ther 24. RUSSIAN E. Descrirprion. 25. QUIN re CTIAL N.S. Description, 44 Prace, FA LC ON; ther ferruginous: quills black; one third of the middle part of both prime and fecondaries ferruginous; fome of them fpotted with brown on their inner webs, but the two firft of the prime quills are wholly black: the wings reach to one third of the tail : the breaft is rufous ; on each feather are four tranfverfe ftripes of brown; under the wings the fame, but paler; as are the thighs and under tail-coverts: the tail itfelf almoft black; the two middle feathers plain; the others, about the middle, have an -oblique white mark on each fide of the fhaft, beginning at the fhaft, and paffing upwards on each fide, imitating the letter V; in all. of them touching the fhaft, but in fome not quite reaching the margin: the-end of all the tail-feathers tipped with white :~ the legs are yellow: claws pale. This was received with fome other birds from Cayenne, and is at prefent in the collection of Mifs Blomefield*. A label tied to it’s lee; had the name of “Le pagani roux, ou L’ Aigle a plumage gris roux ;” which I fuppofe to be the names given by the French inhabitants of that ifland.. _* There take the opportunity. of acknowledging the afiiftance received from: the. well-chofen colle€tion of Mifs Blomefield, of Portland-—treet ; in which wilt. be found many new fpecimens of foreign birds from various parts, in the beft prefervation ;. and which will be. noticed in. their place in the following; fheets... Falco: By, At) EG GO; Ne Falco haliztus, Liz. Sj. p. 129. N° 26. L?Aigle de Mer. Brif/. orn. i. p. 440. t. 34. N® to. Le Balbuzard, Buf. oi/. i. p. 103. t. 2.—-P/. ent. 414. Morphnos, Razz Syz. p. 7. N° 6. Bald Buzzard, Will. orn. p. 69. t. 6. Ofprey, Br. Zool. i. p.174.—Fl. Scot. i. t. 1% Br. Muf. Lev. Muf: HE length is one foot eleven inches. The bill is black: cere blue: iris yellow: molt of the feathers on the head are brown, with white margins: hind head, throat, and neck, white, with very little mixture of brown: on each fide of the neck, be- ginning from beneath the eye, is a band of brown, reaching al- moft to the fhoulders: the body is brown above, and white be- neath : tail-feathers tranfverfely barred with white on the inner webs; the two middle ones plain brown: legs naked, fhort, ftrong, and of a blueifh afh-colour: claws. remarkably long, hooked, and black: bottoms of the feet blueith.. This bird inhabits Europe; chiefly in places near the water, as it’s prey is fifh, which it plunges after into the water with great rapidity, feldom miffing it’s aim; and, bringing them up in it’s talons, retires to a {mall diftance to feaft on them.. It alfo preys on ducks; but all authors agree that it is fondeft of fith. I fhall take the liberty here to remark an error that Linneus has fallen into, from old authors who have mentioned it before him, viz. that the left foot is /ubpalmated. — This, I can affure: the reader, has not the leaft foundation in truth *,. Le *I do not believe that there is either bird or quadruped, in which each fide of the.body does not correfpond in fize and fhape, in a natural ftate, though’. the: 45 26. 4 OSPREY. DeEscriprion. Place anp Mannerse- 26. Var. A. CAROLINA O. DegscriIprioNe BAS ae Cr @ oN. Le Faucon pécheur des Antilles, Brif. orn. i. p. 361. N° 14. Le Faucon pecheur de la Caroline, Brif. orn. i. p. 362. N° 15. : Buf. oif.is Po 142. Le Pefcheur, Raii Syn. p. 19. N° 2. Fifhing Hawk, Carefo. Cars ie ts 20 ¢ Ofprey, 4m. Zool. N? Lev. Muf. HE difference between this and the laft is not much; the tail in this fpecies being of a plain brown colour: in the former it is banded: and it is faid to be longer in the body than the European one. Mr. Pennant mutt think them the fame, fince he has quoted the fame figure in Cate/by for his O/prey. the contrary is fometimes feen in the infect tribe. In the common Lob/fer, and feyeral of the cancer genus, the claws differ much ; but moft fo in the Caro- lina Sand-Crab (cancer vocans Linn.) one of the claws of which is fo mon- ftroufly large, as to oblige the animal to fupport it on the back when in motion ; while the other is very fmall, fcarcely larger than one of the legs.—In refpect to winged infects, it is obferved, that even the marks of the wings exactly corre- fpond on each fide. Indeed, a fingular circumftance occurs in one of the Blatta + or Cockroach genus, which, I believe, is the only one recorded, at leaft ob- ferved by me. In this fpecies, one of the elytra, or wing-cafes, is marked with four white fpots, and the other with three only ; which holds good in every Specimen of it I have yet feen. As to Lufus Nature, they are far from being uncommon; fuch as a duck without webs to the toes, which I have often feen; a common {nail with’ the {piral turns of the fhell reverfed, one of which was found in my garden a few years fince; alfo a flounder having the eyes and lateral line on the left fide, inftead of the right (mentioned in the Br. Zool. vol. iii. p. 229.) We. Theie, and an hundred fuch which might be mentioned, muft be reckoned as fingularities happening now and then, but by no means to be fet down for permanent diftinctions of {pecies. + Blatta heteroclita, Pall, pics N? gs te 3» fige 3 hs 2 This ro’ LC O N, This inhabits Carolina, and other parts of North America and the Weft Indies —The two numbers of Briffon, above quoted, are clearly one and the fame bird. IZE of the Ofprey. Length twenty-fix inches: breadth five feet two inches. Bill black: cere obfcure: general colour of the bird a dark rufty brown. A white line paffes from the upper mandible, over each eye, to the hind head, which, with the nape, is white alfo: crown of the head brown and white, mixed : from the chin quite to the vent, it is white: under the eye, and down each fide of the neck, paffes a ftripe of brown, in the fame manner as in the Ofprey: the two middle feathers of the tail are plain brown, the others barred brown and white; the two outmoft are marked on both fides of the fhaft, but the reft on the inner webs only; the tips of all of them are white: the legs are fhort, ftrong, and chagrined beneath the feet ; the co- lour yellowifh: claws very large, ftrong, hooked, and black. This bird came from Cayenne, and is in the collection of Mifs Blomefield. — It appears to me clearly, to be a variety of the Of- prey; having every appearance of that bird at firft fight: which proves the Ofprey to be a bird common to every climate. Le Faucon des Antilles, Brif. orm. i. p. 361. N° 13, Mansfeny, Buf. oif.i. p. 144. Mansfeny, Hi/?. des Antill. ii. p. 252. _—-——— Raii Syn. p. 19. N° ie TH IS has the fhape and plumage of an Eagle; differing only in fize; being not much bigger than a Falcon. In cclour it 47 26 Var. B. N. S. CAYENNE oO. DEscRIPTION. Gio. MANSFENY. DESCRIPTION: 48 ‘PLACE. 28. «+ COMMON BUZZARD. DeEscRIPTION. Be AS es et ON. it is wholly brown; but has legs and claws of twice the fize of a Falcon. This bird is found in the Autilles, or Caribbee Ifands. It’s food chiefly confifts of fmall birds, fnakes, and lizards. Falco buteo, Liz. Sy? i. p. 127. N° 15. -_———— Scop. Ann. i. p.15. N° 4. La Bufe, Bri/. orn. i. p. 406. N° 32. —-- Buf oif.i. p. 206, t. 8.—Pl. enl. 419. Buteo vulgaris, Razi Syz. p. 16. Common Buzzard, Will. orn. p. 70.—Albin. i. ts 1. Buzzard, Br. Zool. i. p. 188. N° 54. t. 25. Am. Zool. N° Lev. Muf. T is bigger than a Kite in the body: length one foot eight inches. Bill lead-colour: cere luteous: irides dark: the body is ferruginous brown above; beneath pale, varied with brown: tail above brown, barred with darker brown; beneath greyith, and tipped with rufous white : legs luteous: claws black. ‘This is the common Buzzard of all authors, and is a bird known by every one. It’s food is various; eating birds, fmall quadrupeds, reptiles, and infects. It is very fubject to vary in different fpecimens; fcarcely two being alike. Le at) Cl Q. N. Le Gros Bufard, Bri/. orn. i. p. 398. N° 28. Huner-habigt ; Huner-Geyer. Frifch. t. 72. IZE of our Buzzard: length one foot eleven inches. ‘The bill is black: the cere yellow: irides faffron-colour: above the feathers are brown, with rufous edges; beneath rufous, with oval brown fpots; in fome unfpotted: under tail-coverts plain ru- fous: tail brown, with broad-bars of deeper brown: legs yel- low: claws black. Le Bufard varié, Bri. orn. i. p. 400, N° 28. A. A TRIFLE lefs than the preceding, being in length only one foot eight inches. It differs from it in having the wings more variegated; the upper wing-coverts being fpotted with afh-colour ; the leffer quills, from the middle to near the end, are white; the end itfelf blackifh: on each of thefe feathers is a blackifh fpot on the outer webs, which, when the wing is clofed, form a tranfverfe blackifh band. This is a variety only of the laft-mentioned. IZE of a Buzzard: length twenty inches. Bill black: cere yellow: iris the fame: general colour a dark cream, or brownifh buff; paleft on the under parts: crown of the head plain: the feathers on the back have the middle and the fhafts brown: greater wing-coverts obfcurely barred with brown: H greater 49 2g. GREATER BUZZARD. DeEscRIPTION, 20. Var. Aw SPOTTED b DsscriIPpTion. 30. - + CREAM- COLCURED B. N.S. DEscRIPTIONe 5° PLAcE. Bite AMERICAN B N.S. BOA eee 10. iN, ereater quills very dark cream-colour, verging to brown; the fhafts. very pale: the belly and fides are dafhed with perpendicular blotches of brown, but irregularly: the thighs are of a pale buff white, with-narrow bars of pale brown: between the legs and the vent the fame, but without bars: tail rather fhorter than in the common Buzzard; of the fame colour with the back; at firft fight appearing of a plain colour, but on clofe infpection feveral narrow bars of a fomewhat darker colour may be per- ceived: the legs are fhort, ftout, and of a yellow colour: claws black. This beautiful fpecimen was fent to me from Yamaica by an. intelligent friend, and a good naturalift, who did not hint the leaft of it’s being a variety of the common Buzzard, which E fhould otherwife have fufpected; but remarked that it was {carce: in that ifland,. . Lev. Mf. IZE of our Buzzard, or, if any thing, rather bigger. The: bill is black :. cere pale yellow: on the upper parts the co-. four is brown: the feathers on the back have pale edges: the chin is white, lightly dafhed with brown: fore part of the neck: and breaft are of a paler brown than the back, and a trifle mot- tled: the belly is white; each feather- has the fhaft brown, which fpreads out into a lozenge-fhaped mark as it advances to the tip, not unlike a fpear with the head downwards : the vent: is plain white: the quills are dufky ;: tail of a plain. ferruginous colour,, eR Cul Oy Wi colour, with the bafe inclining to white, and a narrow band of black near the end: legs pale yellow: claws black. This bird came from North America, and is in the Leverian Mufeum. Le Bufard roux, Brif: orz. i. p. 404. N° 30. La Harpaye, Buf: cif. i. p. 217.—Pl. enl. 460. Fifchgeyer ; Brandgeyer, Fri/ch. t. 78. 32. HARPY st GIZE of the female Gofhawk: length one foot eight inches. Description. The bill is black: iris faffron-colour: general colour of . the plumage rufous; but the back, fcapulars, greater coverts, and rump, incline to brown: where the parts are rufous, each feather has a longitudinal ftripe of brown down the middle of each feather. Thighs plain rufous: tail afh-colour: the greater quills are black, the leffer ones afh-colour; except the three which are next to the body, which are brown: the legs are yel- low: claws black. This fpecies is frequent in the low places, and banks of rivers and ponds, both in France and Germany. Preys often on fith, which it takes alive out of the water. Frifch fays, that it is en- dowed with a very quick fight, more fo than any other rapa- cious bird. H 2 Falco §2 33° So HONEY DescRiPpTrone BicAwrL Cy OuwINs Falco apivorus, Liz. fy. i. p. 130. N° 28, La Bondree, Bri. orn. i. p. 410. N° 33. — Buf. oif.i. p. 208.—PI. enl. 420. Buteo apivorus, Raii fn. p. 16. N° z. * Honey Buzzard, Will. orn. p. 72, t. 3.—Albin. iv te 2s Br. Zool. i, N° 26. Lev. Mu. "THE length is twenty-three inches: weight thirty ounces. Bill and cere black: irides golden yellow: head afh-co- loured: neck, back, feapulars, and wing-coverts, deep brown: the chin nearly white, or very pale yellow, ftreaked with nar- row lines of brown: fore part of the neck rufous brown: breaft and belly barred with tranfverfe regular bars of rufous brown and white, each feather being white, with two bars upon it: tail of a dull brown colour, with a bar of darker brown near the end, and another in the middle. The legs are fhort, ftout, and of a dull yellow: claws black. This defcription is from a fpecimen of my own, but whether male or female I never knew. In the Br. Zoslogy, the chin, breaft, and belly are white; the: two laft marked with dufky fpots, pointing downwards; and three dufky bars on the tail. Linneus remarks, that the tail has only one cinereous band,. and the tip is white. Briffon. obferves, that the fide tail-feathers are banded with: white on the inner webs, and are fpotted with. brown.. Albin’s {pecimen. had no bars on the tail. 2: E mention. mA LC! OON: I mention the above, to fhew how much thefe birds differ; This fpecies, I believe, is not fo common in England as the other Buzzards; at leait, with all my attention, I never procured but one frefh fpecimen, from whence the above defcription was taken. Willughby {ays that it feeds on Wafp-Maggots, as well as on Frogs. and Lizards; perhaps on the Larva of Bees alfo, whence the name. Falco zruginofus, Lin. fy. p. 130. N® 29, Le Bufard de marais, Brif. orz.1. p. 401. N° 29. Le Bufard, Buf. cif. i. p. 218, t. 10. PI. ent. A235? 4240 Schwartz-braune fifch-geyer, Frifch. t. 77+ Milvus zruginofus, Raii fyn. p. 17- N° A. dy More Buzzard, Will. orn. p. 75, t. 7. Moor Buzzard, Br. Zool. i. N° §7, t. 270 Lev. Muf. "THE length of this bird is twenty-one inches: weight twenty ounces. ‘The bill is black : cere and irides yellow: colour of the whole bird a chocolate brown, with a tinge of ferruginous: the legs are long and flender. According to Linneus, the throat, crown of the head, fhoulders, and legs, are luteous. Mr. Pennant obferves, that the luteous marks which Linneus gives as characteriftics of the fpecies, are by no means fo, being varieties only of the common one, which is wholly of a. rufty chocolate brown, with a yellowifh {pot on the head. Even this is by no means. always the cafe, fince I have now. by me a {pecimen, which is chocolate brown throughout, with- our 53 DESCRIPTION. 54 Fs AT? CxOnN. out the leaft appearance of luteous on the head, nor on any other part. This was fhot in Kent. It preys on Rabbits, young Wild Ducks*, and other water- fowl, as well as fith. Falco fpadiceus, or Chocolate Falcon, PAi/. Tran/. vol. xii. p. 281. 34. Var. A. Chocolate Falcon, For/?. Amer. Cat. p. 9. BAY-FALCON. Bay Falcon, dm. Zool. N° Descriprion, HIS appears to be a variety of the Moor Buzzard. Mr. Forfier, who defcribes it in the Phil. Lranf. above quoted, fays, that it is very like the Moor Buzzard, only being lefs, and in wanting the light {pot on the head. Qveré, Is not this my plain variety? (iliche 3 : ee, ILL black: cere yellow: general colour ferruginous, with a RUMPED BAY tinge of brown: checks and round the eyes darkeft: rump F. white: the two middle tail-feathers of a deep afh-colour; the others of the fame colour with the body; all of them barred with four bars of very dark brown: the tips dufky: legs yellow, long, and flender: claws black. I venture to place this as a variety only, and not as'a diftiné& fpecies, the more efpecially, as all the Buzzards differ much, though of the fame fpecies. Iam indebted for this defcription to a fine ® In fome places it is called the Duck Hawk. drawing Be Ay Ty, ©, O; Ni drawing in Mr. Banks’s* poffeffion, faid to come from Hud/on’s Bay. Le Faucon de la Baye d’Hudfon, Bri/. orn. i. p. 356. N° 10. Buf. oif. 1. Pp» 223. Ash-coloured Buzzard, Eda. t. 53.—For/?. Amer. Cat. p. 9. Cinereous Falcon, Am. Zool. N° IZE of a middling Hen. The bill is of a blueifh colour: cere the fame: iris yellow : over the eye is a white line {potted with brown; under the eye a dufky line: above, the bird is of a cine- reous brown; beneath, deep brown, mixed with white: the prime quills are deep brown; the firft of them fpotted on the outfide with white: the tail beneath is cinereous, banded with white; above cinereous brown, with tranfverfe grey bands: the legs are of a blueifh afh-colour, covered with feathers for half their length: claws black. This fpecies inhabits Hud/on’s Bay, and is faid to prey chiefly on the White Partridge or Ptarmigan. * To this gentleman the world is much obliged, by his. great attention to every department of natural hiftory in common ; and in regard to the prefent undertaking, the author would do him injuftice, did he not own himfelf par- 55 35° ASH COLOURED | B. DESCRIPTION. PLAcE. ‘ticularly fo, by the-unreferved ufe of his moft valuable and extenfive library of natural hiftory; without which, this work would have fallen fhort of that fmall. degree of perfection which it has attained.. 56 36. BARRED- BREASTED B. ING: DESCRIPTIONe 376 COLLARED Bh Ay Ty Cr OU:N: Lev, Muf. ENGTH twenty inches: fize of our common Buzzard. Bill blue: the parts above are of a deep brown colour; the feathers with ferruginous margins: the chin is the fame, but paler: the greater wing-coverts margined with white: greacer quills black, on the outer edge marked with white fpots, except for three inches at the end, which are unfpotted : the tail-feathers deep brown, acrofs which are two narrow bars of dirty white ; the tip is alfo of the fame colour: the fore part of the neck and breaft are rufous, with black fhafis, befides which, on the breaft and belly, are interrupted bars of white and pale ferru- ginous mixed: thighs and vent dirty white; the firft plain, the laft obfcurely barred with brown: tail rather fhort: legs ftrong and yellow: claws black. This came from North America, and is now in fine preferva- tion in the Leverzan Mufeum. 4 Falco rufticolus, Liz. fy. i. p. 125. N° 7.—Faun, fuec. p. 19. N° 56. V Pa fays, that it is the fize of a Hen. The bill lead- colour: cere and eyelids luteous: the parts above afh-co- loured and white; beneath white, with cordated {mall brown fpots: round the neck a white collar: the tail is banded with twelve or thirteen alternate white and brown bands: legs luteous: claws black. Inhabits Sweden. Br. Mu. Jefe P-57- FALCON: Br. Muf. Lev. Muf. HIE male is of the fize of the Gentil Falcon: length eighteen inches, The bill blue at the bafe, and black at the tip: cere luteous: orbits blue: irides the fame: in each noftril is a lobe or divifion. General colour above black brown; beneath fpotted with rufous: quills and tail {potted with grey: legs luteous. The female is larger, meafuring in length twenty-three inches. Cere and orbits naked and yellow: head and breaft deep brown: throat, neck, and belly, marked with longitudinal whitifh lines: thighs ferruginous, marked with longitudinal black ftrie: vent pale yellow, with ferruginous longitudinal ftriz: tail brown, tranfverfely fafciated with white: legs yellow: claws black. Inhabits Queen Charlotte's Bay, New Zealand. \t has much the air of a Vulture, both about the head and neck: the feathers of which laft are loofe and waving, as in fome Vultures: added to the bird’s not being well cloathed with feathers about the eyes and bill: however, I am affured that the manners are entirely thofe of the Falcon genus, which will at once fet afide any further thoughts about it. | That in the Leverian Mufeum is a female, but has no apparent bands on the tail. Dr. Forfter, who examined it with me, is of opinion that it may be a young bird. 1 Falco FamMatre 53 38. GOSHAWE DEsCRIPT.AON~. Falco palumbarius, Liz. fy. i. p, 130. N° 30. L’Autour, Brif. orn. i. p. 317. N° 3 7 Buf. oif. 1. p. 230. t. 12. Lap enl. 418, 461. Groffe gefperberte falck; groffe gepfeilte falck, Frifch. t. 81, 8% Accipiter palumbarius, Raéi fyx. p. 19. N°1 Gofhawk, Will. orn. p. 85. te 3, 5-—Br. Zool. 1. N° G2-. ———- Amer. Zool. N° Br. Muf. . Lev. Muf. ENGTH one foot ten inches and a quarter: in fize it is- larger, but more flender in fhape, than the common Buzzard. The bill is blue, with a black tip: cere yellowifh green: iris yellow: over the eye is a line of white: on the fide of the neck is a bed of broken white: head and parts above deep brown: breaft and belly marked with numerous tranfverfe black and white bars: tail afh-coloured,, long, with four or five dufky bars = legs yellow: claws black. Willughby obferves, that: “ the thighs are- covered over with reddifh feathers, having a black line in the middle down the fhaft :” alfo “in each feather of the breaft there is a black circular line near the top, running parallel to the edges. of the feather, and in fome alfo the fhaft and middle part of the feather is black.” This fpecies was formerly held in great efteem for the fport of falconry, being ufed not only to Partridge and Pheafant, but alfo greater fowl, as Geefe and Cranes, and fometimes for Rabbets. Indeed, moft of the Hawks may be trained up for this purpofe, though fome are infinitely more docile than others. The Ee AS 1 Cr; ON. The Gofbawk is not, I believe, very common in England, but in Scotland is frequent, where it breeds, and is very deftructive to game, Itis found alfo in North America, Petit autour de Cayenne, Buf. oi/. i. p. 237< Pl. enl. 473. HE bill of this bird is blue: the iris orange: the head and neck behind blueifh white: back and wings dark afh: the under parts from the throat to the vent are nearly white: prime quills black ; fecond quills barred with black: on the tail are four or five alternate bars of black and white; the black ones by much the broadeft: tip white: legs fhort, and of a blue colour: claws black. - Inhabits Cayenne. Accipiter macrourus, N.C. dc. Petr. 15. t. 8, 9. HIS is nearly of the fize of the Lanner, being in length one foot feven inches, in breadth nearly two feet. The bill is black, at the bafe green: cere luteous: noftrils oval, half co- vered with black {tiff briftles: eyelids and irides of a faffron- colour: parts above cinereous, inclining to reddifh on the back; beneath quite white, with a tinge of afh-colour on the upper part of the neck: tail rounded, very long, of itfelf meafuring nearly eight inches and three quarters ; in colour it is whitifh; and croffed with alternate bands of deeper and paler brown; the Pa two 59 40. CAYENNE F, DESCRIPTION. 41. LONG-TAILED F. DEscRIPTIOW. 60 FEMALE. PLACE. 42. SWALLOW- TAILED F, Descriprion. Manners. F A LC O N. two middle feathers plain: legs yellow: claws black, hooked, and {harp. The female is brown above, the feathers edged with chefnut ; moft fo on the head: beneath, inclining to yellow: quills deep brown, with whitifh tips: tail brown; the four middle feathers tranfverfely marked with deeper brown; the others marked with bread interrupted fafcie; the tip of the outer one fpotted with black: all of them have ferruginous tips. This bird inhabits Rufia ; where it is called Lua. Falco furcatus, Liz. Sy. i. p. 129. N° 25. Le Milan de la Caroline, Brif orn. i. p. 418. N° 36. Buf. otf. p. 221. Falco Peruvianus, cauda furcata, Klein. av. po 53. N° 14. Swallow-tailed Hawk, Cate/. Car. i. t. 4. — Am. Zool. N° Lev. Muf. HIS is a moft elegant fpecies: in fize it yields to the European Kite. Length two feet. The bill is black: cere obfcure: irides red: the body above is of a fine deep purplith brown, inclining to black: the rump and upper tail-coverts more inclining to green than the other parts: quills and tail very deep purple, inclining to green: the head, neck, breaft, belly, and fides, the thighs, and under tail-coverts, are all pure white: the tail is very long, being alone thirteen inches, and is very forked; the two outer feathers exceed the middle ones in length by eight inches. This bird inhabits Care/za in the fummer months; where it 3 is PAG CO N. is called Snake-bawk; though it lives chiefly on infects, which it is faid to pick from the tree while flying. ©. de Buffon fays that this bird more properly is a native of Peru, as it retires there on the leaft approach of cold weather. / Falco milvus, Lia. Sy. i. p. 126. N° 12. Le Milan royal, Brif. orn. i. p. 414. N° 35. t. 33- —_—_— — Buf. oif.i. p. 197. t.7.—Pl. enl. 422. Milvus, Rai Syz. p. 17. N° A. 6. Kite, or Glead, Will. orn. p. 74. t. 6. Kite, Br. Zool, N° 53. Br. Muf. Lev. Muf, At HE length of this fpecies is two feet. It has a brownifh bill: the cere is yellow: and the irides of a ftraw-colour:. the feathers on the head and neck are long and narrow, of a hoary- colour, with a dafh of brown down the middle: the body is fer- ruginous : the middle of each feather above is dark, and the mar- gins pale; beneath likewife the feathers have a ftreak down the fhafts: quills blackifh: the tail is twelve inches in length, and forked; by which the bird is at once diftinguifhed from all others: legs yellow: claws black. This bird is very common in Exgland, where it continues the whole year: it lays two or. three eggs, which are roundith, and of a whitith colour, fpotted with dirty yellow. It is not peculiar to England. Linnzus mentions it as a bird of Sweden; and, ac- cording to voyagers, is found as far as Guinea * and Senegalt; * Bofman Voy. de Guinee, p. 278. + Hitt. des Voy. Prevoff, vol. iii. p. 306. though : 61 43. fe KITE. DEscRIPTION« Piace anb Manners} 64 44 BLACK KITE. Description. DIFFERENCE. 45. AUSTRIAN KITE. DeEscrRipTIon. Ye Ay Ce On NG though perhaps it may a little differ from climate. 1 do net find it to be in any part of the 4merican continent. Le Milan noir, Bri/. ora. i. p. 413. N° 34. ————— Buf. vif.i. p. 203.—Pl. enl. 472. Braunermald-Geyer, Kram. Elen. p. 326. N° 5? Black Gled. 8766. Scot. t/luf#. P. 2. lib. 3. p. 15. pis fpecies is faid to be lefs than the common Kite. Bill and cere the fame: the parts above are of a very dark brown colour, inclining to black: the head, breaft, and under parts are whitifh: greater quills black: legs yellow and flender: claws black. | It is diftinguifhed from the common Kite, 1ft, By it’s fize being lefs; adly, By it’s being of a very dark colour; and, gdly, In having the tail- funers nearly even at the end, or at- leaft very little forked. I much fufpec& this to be the fame with that in Kramer, above quoted; but as he gives no fynonyms, I cannot be quite certain. Brauner-Geyer; Brauner Milon, Kram. Elen. 327. N° 6. T is about the fame fize with the Kite. The bill is yellow, with a black tip: cere, and angles of the mouth, yellow: irides black: palate of the mouth blue: forehead and throat whitifh, {potted with brown: head, neck, back, breaft, and wings, chefnut; the fhafts of the feathers black: belly and rump teftaceous brown, obfcurely fpotted with brown: the prime quills 9 are FA ED © ON are blackifh; the fecondaries tipped with white: tail very little, if at all, forked, croffed with feveral blackith bands: tips of the feathers white: the legs are yellow, feathered to the middle: claws black. This bird, according to Kramer, inhabits Aufria; lives chiefly in woods ;. and feeds on birds and dormice. Accipiter Korfchun, NW. C. Ac. Petr. vol. xv. t. 11. a. TT HIS is fo much like a Kite, as almoft to pafs for a mere variety of that bird. Thelength is twenty-one inches and an half. The bill lead-colour: cere green: noftrils covered. with briftles.: the head, upper part of the neck, and the throat, are of an elegant chefnut : region of the eyes white: fides of the head pale brown, as is all the reft of the body: the quills are vinaceous. at the tips: tail the fame: legs luteous and wrinkled: claws black. — Inhabits Ruffia. This is faid to be a folitary bird, feeding on fmall birds and mice. Often feen at Tanain, near the city of Z/chercafk.. Le Bufard du Brefil, Brif. orn. i. p. 405. N° 31.- Caracara, Buf. oé/.i. p. 222. Milvus Brafilienfis, Raii Syn. p..17. N° 6. Brafilian Kite, called Caracara, Wéill..orn. p. 76. t. ge QIZE of a Kite. Bill black: irides gold-colour: round the ~ eyes yellow: general colour rufous, fpotted with white and §3 46. RUSSIAN KITE. DescriPrion. 47° : BRASILIAN- KITE. Dasoriprione- yellow :. wings reach to near the end of the tail: legs yellow: claws: 54, 48. GENTIL FALCON. DiserirTrion. Bip Agi ey Ce Gin ING claws black: the tail is nine inches in length, the colour white and brown mixed ; but whether it is forked or no, is not men- tioned. Some of thefe birds have a white breaft and belly. This fpecies inhabits Braf/, and is a great enemy to poultry. Falco gentilis, Liz. Sy/f. i. p. 126. N° 13. —— Scop. Ann. i. p.15. Le Faucon gentil, Bri/. orz.i. p. 339. N° 5. Falco gentilis, 7. ¢. nobilis dictus, Razi Syn. p. 13. N° g- Falcon gentle, Will. orn. p.79.—Albia. ii. t. 6. Gentil Falcon, Br. Zool. N° 50. t. 21,22.—Am. Zool. N? Lev. Muf. F we compare the fize of this bird with that of a Gofhawk, it will be found to exceed it. The bill is lead-colour: cere yellow: irides bright yellow: head inclining to ferruginous, with oblong black fpots: the upper part of the body and the wings are brown; each feather of the laft tipped with ferrugi- nous: the quills are dufky, barred on the outer webs with black ; the lower parts of the inner webs marked with white: wings reach to the middle of the tail: the tail itfelf banded * with black and cinereous alternate, and tipped with white: legs fhort and yellow: claws black. M. de Buffon + is of opinion, that this bird is the fame with the common Falcon, or next fpecies, and called Gentil when in full feather. —It is certain that they differ much in dif- ® Scopoli fays, the bands are four in number. + Buf. oif, vol. is p. 258. ferent EA dL 9C 10 LN, 65 ferent periods of life; as may be feen in the two plates in Britifh Zoology, above quoted. The following lift of Falcons will appear numerous, and are by fome accounted varieties only.— This circumftance I can by no means afcertain; and will therefore follow Briffon’s ca- talogue of them, leaving the reader to judge for himfelf. Le Faucon, Brif. orn. i. p. 321. N°4. ~ 49- —— Buf. cif. i. p. 249. ; COMMON ; FALCON. Schwartz braune Falck, Frifch. t. 74. T H E common fize is that of a middling Hen: the length pescrrption. about eighteen inches. The general colour brown: the fea- thers with rufous edges: tail brown, tranfverfely banded with deeper brown. From this are faid to {pring the following varieties : : : 49: Le Faucon fors, Briff orn, i. p. 324. Var. As —-————— Buf. oif.i. t. 15.——Pl. enl. 470. YEARLING TH IS inclines to afh-colour, and is the young of the laft. 66 49. Var. B. HAGGARD F. 49° Var. C. WHITE- HEADED F DEscRIPTION. DsscaiPrTion. FAL Je vO AN. Le Faucon haggard, ou Boffu, Brif. orn. i, pe 3240 Buf. oif. 1. t. 16.—Pl. enl, 4730 Falco gibbofus, Raii Syn. p. 14. N° 6. Haggard Falcon, Will, orn. p. 80. é a a me FiIS receives the above name when it is grown old, and draws it’s head into the fhoulders, looking as it were hump- backed (Zefa). Le Faucon a tete blanche, Brif. ern. i. p. 325. Rauh-fufs-geyer ; Gelb-braune geyer, Frifch. t.75.. HIS variety has the head white, fpotted with {mall brown fpots. The bill is afh-coloured: cere pale yellow: iris the fame : back and wing-coverts fpotted with brown, rufous, grey, and whitifh, indifcriminate : under parts grey, with brown {pots ; each fpot encircled with rufous: feet feathered to the toes: legs yellow : claws black. Le Faucon blane, Brif. ora. i. p. 326. Falco albus, Raii Syx. p. 14. N° 7. Weifle-Falck, Weifle-geyer, Fri/ch. t. 80. White Falcon, Will. orm. p. 80. N° 7. H E body of this is white, covered with minute fpots ot yellow; but thefe are fcarcely vifible, except on a clofe in- fpection. One FA LC 0. N. One of thefe in M. Aubrey’s collection was quite white, ex- cept a few brown {pots on the back and wings. — Tails of both barred with brown. I have feen a drawing of a white Falcon from China, of a cream-coloured white above; beneath, quite white; both above and below marked with flender longitudinal ftreaks of brown ; but on the thighs very pale, and a little curved in fhape: the under part of the tail quite plain; the upper part not vifible in the figure. | I was furnifhed with this defcription, among others, from fome fine drawings of birds in the poffeffion of Captain Broadley, who brought them from China. Le Faucon noir, Bri/. orn. 1. p. 327. Le Faucon paflager, Buf. of. i. p. 263.—PI. enl. 469. Tlatli; Falco columbarius Nebdi dittus, Razi Syn. p. 161. Schwartz braune habigt, Frifch. t. 83. ; Black Hawk, or Falcon, Eazw. i. t. 4. Dutky Falcon, Amer. Zool. N° HIS has a lead-coloured bill and cere: irides yellowifh: above the feathers are of a deep brown; thofe on the up- per part of the neck, the wing-coverts, and rump, have white edges : on each fide of the head is a black mark, from the cor- ner of the mouth, bending downwards, like a muftachoe; about which the parts are of a dirty white: the under parts are brown- ifh; each feather tipped with black: wing-coverts black, {potted with white: edge of the wing white: quills and tail blackifh, _ banded beneath with brown: legs lead-colour; under the toes reddifh: claws black. K 2 It 67 49. Var. E. + BLACK F. DescRIPTION> 68 Var. F. SPOTTED- WINGED F. DuscriPTione 49e Var. G. BROWN F. DESCRIPTION. BAY 2) ©) ON, It is M. de Buffon’s* opinion, that this bird is a diftint pe- cies, and not a variety. Le Faucon tacheté, Brif- orn. i. p. 329. 3 Spotted Falcon, Eda, t. 3.—dm. Zool, N° IZE ofaCrow. The bill in this bird is lead-colour: the cere of a greenifh yellow: angles of the mouth orange: eyes placed in a lead-coloured fkin: irides obfcure: above, the bird is brown: on each fide of the head is a large black mark, begin- ning under the eyes, and paffing to the beginning of the neck: the under parts are white, {potted with brown ; the fpots largeft on the breaft and belly : wing-coverts brownith, with round white fpots: legs bright yellow: claws black. Inhabits Hud/on’s Bay. Mr. Edwards fuppofes this and the laft to be male and female ; M. de Buffon + imagines it to be the Faucon fors, or very little different; which of them is in the right, I will not pretend to determine. Le Faucon brun, Brif. orm. i. p. 33%. Braun fahle Geyer, Frifch. t. 76. I1ZE of a Jerfalcon. The bill is of a dark afh-colour: cere ‘yellowifh : head brownifh, marked with longitudinal ferru- ginous brown fpots: the upper part of the body brown, {potted with deeper brown; beneath white, {potted with brown: the {pots on the breaft launce-fhaped: legs yellow: claws black. * Hift. des cif. i. p. 268. + P. 269. This Fo kb €) Ot N. This bird bears fome affinity to N° 31; infomuchthat I am not clear about the diftinétion. Le Faucon rouge, Brif. orm. 1. p. 332. Falcorubens, Razé Synz. p. 14. N° 10. Red Falcon, Will. orn. p. 81. N° 10. HIS appears to differ from the common Falcon, in having the {pots of a black and red colour, inftead of white. It is lefs in fize than the Peregrine Falcon. Le Faucon rouge des Indes, Brif. orn. i. pe 3330 Falcones rubri indici Aldrovandi, Raii Syx. p. 14. N° 11 Red Indian Falcons of Aldrovandus, W7//. orn. p. 81. t. Je HE bill is cinereous: cere and eyelids luteous: the iris is ebfcure : at the outer angle of the eye is an oblong fulvous fpot : the head and upper parts are of a brownifh afh-colour: the breaft and under parts, the rump, upper tail, and wing- coverts, are of a reddifh fulvous colour: on the breaft are a few fpots of the fame: the tail is banded with black and afh-colour, in a femicircular manner: legs luteous: claws black. The above is the defcription of the female.—In the male, the colours are more vivid: when the colours in the former are ci- nereous brown, in the latter they are nearly black. The male is alfo much fmaller than the other fex, as is ufual in this genus. They inhabit the Zaft Indies. 69 vin Hn. RED F. DEscRIPTIONe Var. l. RED INDIAN e DescRIPTIONe Matte Jo oR as Tes CeO. 7 Ni 49- ‘ i Var. K. Le Faucon d’Italie, Brif. ora. i. p. 336. aN Falco Italicus, Fon. av. p. 19- DESCRIPTION. HE bill in this is blue: the head and neck of a reddifh yel- low, marked with very narrow ferruginous lines: breaft yellow, with fome fpots of a ferruginous colour: end of the wings marked with round fpots of white: legs yellow. Inhabits the ps. 49 Var.L. Y 5 ARCTIC Le Faucon d’Iflande, Brif. org. i. p. 336. Be Ne DuscripTioN. BRISSON {ays it is the fize of a Gofhawk; that the bill * is blueifh afh, with a black tip: the cere, irides, and legs, luteous: claws black: that it is of the fame colour with the common Falcon; and it’s length is one foot and above nine inches; and that it inhabits Iceland ; from whence it was fent to M. Reaumur. ICELAND Falco Iflandus, Brus. orn. dor. p. 2. N° 9. F. DuscriPTI1ON. OLOUR brown: on the upper parts each feather is whitifh, fafciated with brown, and margined with white: tail brown, fafciated with white: neck beneath white, marked with longi- tudinal black fpots: breaft and belly white, marked with cor- dated black fpots. Falco PMAUL COON: Falco Iflandus, Brus. ora. Gor. p. 2. N° 7. HIS is white, marked with fmallifh cordated black fpots. on the upper parts: tail-feathers quite white; the two mid- dle ones obfoletely fafciated with black. Falco Iflandus, Brug. ora. bor. p. 2. N° 8. OLOUR white, with laree cordated fpots: the tail-fea- thers white, and all of them fafciated with black. j Mr. Brunnich feems to be uncertain whether the above be diftinét fpecies, or only varieties. In the Gentleman’s Magazine, vol. xli. p. 297. there is a figure of the firft of thefe Falcons, and a fuller account by much than that given by Mr. Bruanich ; faying, that it meafures one foot nine inches. The bill dufky: cere yellow: the head white, faintly tinged with ruft-colour: the fhafts of each feather dufky: the back dufky, fpotted and mar- gined with white: outer webs of the quill-feathers are dufky, mottled with reddifh white; the inner webs. dufky alfo, barred _ with white : tail a little rounded; each feather marked with four- teen or more bars of dufky and white; each colour oppofing the other on different fides of the fhaft: the wings reach to the end of the tail, excepting one inch: the neck, breaft, and belly,, are white, with oblong dark fpots, pointing downwards; on the belly the marks are dufky, and of different fhapes: the thighs. are white, tranfverfely barred with brown: the legs are yellow: claws black ; the hind one very long, 3 Thefe,, Vt 50. Var. A. WHITE ICELAND F. DescripTioNe 50. Var. B. SPOTTED ICELAND F. DuascriPTion. 972 BipN el C. iON. HAH, Thefe, as well as feveral other fpecies of Falcons, inhabit Iceland*, The King of Denmark is faid to fend there annually, to buy all up that can be procured; and for that purpofe has efta- blifhed a Falcon-houfe at Beffefted, to which the Icelanders bring them as foon as taken. ‘The white ones are in moft efteem: they allow fifteen rixdollars + for one of thefe; ten, ‘for one that is nearly white ; and for the fort laft defcribed, only feven; with a prefent befides, to each Falcon-catcher, by way of encou- ragement. I fuppofe that thefe Falcons are very docile, as they catch them in nets, at any fize or age. On the contrary, many of the forts ufed in falconry are obliged to be taught very young, or they never will be under command. BARBARY Falco barbarus, Liz. ff. i. p.125. N° 8. F, Le Faucon de Barbarie, Bri/. orn. i. p. 343. 6. A. Falco tunctanus, Razz fyn. p. 144 N°g. Tunis, or Barbary Falcon, Will. orn. p. 81. Falcon from Barbary, 4/d. v. iii. ps I. te Ze DESCRIPTION. OR fize and colour this bird refembles the Lanner. The i length is feventeen inches. The bill is black: cere luteous: irides yellow: the plumage above is of a blueifh afh-colour, fpotted with black: on the wings are few or no fpots: the breaft is of a yellowifh white, with a blue tinge: on the lower part of the belly are longifh black fpots: the quills are black, with the outer edges white: the wings reach almoft to the end of the * Horrebow’s Hiftory of Iceland, p. 58. + Mr. Brunnich fays, feventeen rixdollars. 10 ‘ tail; PA ©) ON. tail: the feathers of the tail are blueifh afh-colour, with feven tranfverfe brown bands. Linnzus makes this a diftiné& f{pecies. Briffon makes it a variety of the Peregrine Falcon, or next fpecies. It inhabits Barbary. Le Faucon pelerin, Brif. orn. i. p. 341. N° 6. ——_——— Buf. vif. i. p. 249. et fuiv. Falco peregrinus, Raii Syz, p. 13. N° 1. Peregrine, or haggard Falcon, Wil. orz. p. 76. t. 8. Peregrine Falcon, Br. Zool. N° 48. te 20. Lev. Mu. I ZE of the common Falcon. The bill is blueifh: cere and irides luteous (in fome dufky); above, it is cinereous, with tranfverfe cinereous brown bands; beneath rufous white, crofied with tranfverfe blackifh bands: tail barred with alternate cinereous and blackifh bands, and tipped with white: legs yel- low : claws black. Mr. Pennant obferves, that the legs are fhort, and the toes very long; alfo, that it is fubject to vary in the colour of it’s plumage. Le Faucon de Tartarie, Brif. orm. i. p. 345- Faucon de Tartarie ou Barbarie, Bel. Hi/?. des oif, p. 116. HIS differs in being a trifle bigger, and in having the wings rufous above, and very long toes. M. Briffon joins this with the two former, as varieties only. L M. de Buffon 73 z. + PEREGRINE DeEscRIPTIONs Var. A. TARTARIAN F, DEscCRIPTIONe 74 53: SPOTTED F, DEscRIPTION. By A Me Ce Ok WN, M. de Buffon * fays, that the laft-defcribed is the fame with the Hageard Falcon, or N° 50, Var. B. —This gentleman’s remarks are not made without juft foundation, for the moft part; and we are forry that our plan, as a fynopfis, will not admit us to take them in oftener. All that need be faid on this fubjeét is, that the variety of the Falcon-tribe is almoft endlefs, as well as the opinion of the different authors who treat on the fubyect. Spotted Falcon, Br. Zool, N° 55. t. 26. Lev. Muf. IZE of a Buzzard. Bill black: cere yellow: irides pale yellow: crown and hind part of the neck white, {potted with light reddifh brown: back and fcapulars the fame, edged with white: quills dufky, barred with afh-colour: beneath, the neck, breaft, belly, and thighs are white: on the neck and breaft are a rew rufty fpots: rump white: tail barred with lighter and darker brown: middle feathers barred with white and deep brown: the legs very ftrong. ; Mr. Pennant is the only one who has defcribed this bird. Two of them have been fhot at Longuor, in Shropfhire. * Hift. des Oif. i, Ps 259. Falco PAL C O.N, Falco Norwegicus, Leemius de Lapp. p. 236? Graafalk, A&a nidrofa, vol. iv. p. 417. t. 13° Falco lagopus, Bruz. orn. bor. p. 4. N° 15- i Rough-legged Falcon, Br. Zool. app. t. I< Lev. Muf. 73 g4s ROUGH- LEGGED Ig * HE leneth is two feet two inches. Bill dufky: cere yellow: Descrreriom. head, neck, and breaft of a yellowifh white, marked in fome parts with oblong brown ftrokes: the belly of a deep brown: thighs and legs of a pale yellow, marked with brown: {capulars blotched with brown and yellowifh white: coverts of the wings brown, edged with ruft: ends of the primaries deep brown; the lower parts white: the extreme half of the tail brown, tipt with dirty white; that next the body white: legs covered with feathers as low as the feet: the feet yellow. This fpecies is a native of Denmark, with the former. We owe this defcription and figure to Mr. Pennant. ‘The fpecimen referred to was fhot near London, and is now in the Leverian Mufeum. Le Faucon patu, Brif. orn. Vie App. P- 22. ft. I. T is from M. Briffon that we have defcribed this fpecies. He fays that it is the fize of the Jerfalcon; length one foot feven inches and a quarter. The bill blackifh: cere and eyelids lu- teous: parts above blackifh-brown, with a tinge of violet, and variegated with dirty grey: beneath yellow brown, with longi- L2 tudinal BOOTED DescrirTion. 76 56. ROUGH- FOOTED F. 7e PLACENTIA F N. S. DEscRIPTION. Berl aC. iQ) VN: tudinal blackith lines: head and upper part of the neck fulvous erey, with lines of the fame: over the eyes a black ftripe: tail brown; towards the end blackifh; tip grey, fpotted with whitifh on the fides: legs feathered to the toes, which are luteous: claws black. } The above author fays that this bird is in the Mu/eum of Madame de Bandeville, but does not mention from what country. Rough-footed Falcon, For/?. Cat. N. A. p. 9. -—Am. Zool. No N°? doubt but we fhall fee an illuftration of this fpecimen in the Am. Zool. foon to be publifhed. Mr. Forfter mentions it as a new fpecies, it therefore cannot be the former. But it is not improbable that it may prove to be one of the following, which I defcribe from Mr. Banks's drawings. ENGTH (in the drawing) nineteen inches. Bill black: cere yellow: colour of the plumage dufky chocolate brown, in-. clined to ferruginous: the feathers on the head and thighs the lighteft: quills very dark: infide of the wings and tail cinereous | white, the laft not barred: the breaft is pretty dark; on it, here and there, are fome blotches of white, and on the belly fome cinereous ones: vent cinereous: the legs are feathered down to the toes: the feathers which cover the legs are dafhed perpendicularly with brown: FALCON, brown: legs yellow: claws black.—Defcribed from a drawing at Mr. Banks’s. Inhabits Newfoundland, IZE (in the drawing) of the laft. Bill horn-colour, with a black tip : cere yellow: forehead, juft over the bill, white: the head and neck are ferruginous: the chin the fame, but a little mottled : the feathers on the upper parts of the body are deep brown, with light margins, fome of the margins nearly white: ridge of the wing white: thighs feathered down to the toes: the feathers are ftriated with fome broad and fome narrow ftrie: bafe of the tail clay-coloured, and the reft of it rather light-coloured, barred with black ; on fome of the feathers the bars do not crofs the webs tranfverfely, but in an oblique manner: legs yellow: claws black. : This came from Newfoundland with the laft. Le Sacre, Brif. orz. 1. p. 337- Buf. oif. i. p. 246. t. 14. Falco facer, Raii fyn. p. 13. N° 2. Sacre, Will. orn. p. 77+ Lev. Muf. ? IZE of the, Jerfalcon. The bill of this bird is blue: eyes black: back, breaft, and upper wing-coverts fpotted with 10 brown: a7 58. ST. JOHN’S F N.S. DEsSCRIPTIONo 592 SACRE. DESCRIPTION» 78 59° Var. A. AMERICAN SACRE. DeEscRIPTION. Be AS I Cr OTN brown: thighs white on the infide: tail fpotted with kidney- fhaped fpots: legs blue. M. Briffon places this among his variety of Falcons, and fays that it is a bird of paflage. M. de Buffon will have it to be a diftinét {pecies from any of the Falcon tribe, being more allied to the Lanner. Falco facer, Phil. Tr. vol. Ixii. p. 382. The Sacre, 4m. Zool. N° ENGTH twenty-two inches; breadth three feet ; weight two pounds and a half. Bill and cere blue: irides yellow: head whitifh, with longitudinal ftreaks of brown: throat white, {potted with brown: parts above brown, the feathers fpotted and edged with ferruginous, the fpots not touching the fhafts: be- neath this bird is white, with longitudinal dark brown fpots: the quills are black brown; the margins and: ends of the prime ones white, tranfverfely fpotted within with pale ferruginous: the leffer quills marked with round fpots on the outfides. This bird inhabits North America, and was fent from Severn River, Hudfon’s Bay, where it is called Speckled Partridge Hawk. It is faid never to migrate. Quere, Is this a variety of the laft, or a different fpecies? LENGTH fe An La C7 O}..N. : ENGTH twenty. inches, Bill pale afh; tip black: cere ' yellow : iris deep yellow: parts above brown: nape ferru- ginous: back, wing coverts, and fcapulars, margined with a paler colour: cheeks inclining to afh-colour: belly ferruginous, with irregular dark blotches: vent clay-coloured: thigh-feathers of a mottled afh-colour, with round dark fpots on the feathers ; the lower ones have four great blotches of the fame: tail barred of a deeper and lighter brown; four bars in all: legs ftrong, yellow, feathered half way down: claws black. Inhabits Newfoundland. —Detfcribed from a drawing in Mr. Banks’s collection. _ LeFaucon etoilé, Brif: orn. i. p. 359. N° 11. ~ Blue-footed Falcon, Will. orn. p. 82. chap. xi. near the end. HIS is faid to be like the Peregrine Falcon in fize and fhape, but has fhorter wings, and a longer tail. The general co- lour is blackifh, marked with fpots refembling ftars: beneath it is black and white mixed: quills blackifh: legs blue. The iris is of the colour of gold. IZE of a Ringtail: length eighteen inches. Bill horn-colour: irides reddifh: parts above deep Jead-colour: edges of the feathers very dark; the top of the head is darkeft; on the hind head a flight mixture of white: beneath ferruginous brown, 9 with 79 60. NEWFOUND- LAND F, N. S. DEscCRIPTION> 62... STARRY Descriprion.. 62. + NORTHERN. F. : IND Sb DeEscRIPTIONe ee 6) PLACE. DESCRIPTION. Panini iO) IN. with interrupted bars of white; thefe bars are produced from each feather being of this ferruginous colour, with two or three fpots of white on each fide the fhaft, which laft itfelf is brown: the tail of a deep lead or afh-colour, croffed with four bars of a ftill deeper colour; the outer feather is more inclined to brown than the others; the tips of all are white: between the dark bars, on the under part of the tail, the colour is nearly white; the outer feather is neither barred above nor beneath on the outer web: the under tail-coverts plain white: the legs are pretty long, and of a yellowifh colour: claws brown. This was prefented to me as a native of North America, I believe Hudfon’s Bay. 1 cannot liken it to any one yet de- fcribed. Le Faucon hupé des Indes, Brif orz.i. p. 360. N° 12. —_—_—— -- —_——__ — Buf. cif. i. p. 271, N° 4. Falco Indicus Cirrhatus, Raii yx. p. 14. N° 12. Crefted Indian Falcon, Will. orn. p. 8z. N° 12. IZE of a Gofhawk nearly. The bill dark blue: cere luteous: irides yellow: parts above black: the top of the head is rather flat, and adorned with a forked creft, which hangs down- wards: parts beneath ftriated black and white: the neck is ful- vous; and the tail tranfverfely banded with black and afh-co- lour: the legs are luteous, and feathered to the toes: claws black. This inhabits the Eaf Indies. Crefted ee Ae! Tey (En (Oe Ne Crefted Falcon, Dillon's Trav. through Spain, p. 80. t. 3; MPSHIS curious bird,” fays Mr. Dillon, “ which is about the “~~ fize of a Turkey, raifes his feathers on his head in the form of a creft, and has a hooked bill; the lower mandible ra- ther ftrait: his back, wings, and throat are black; the belly white: the tail diftinguifhed by four cinereous and parallel {tripes, and ts an undefcript bird, not taken notice of by Lianeus*.” Baron Dillon, in the plate referred to above, fays that his draught was taken from one of thefe alive, at the menagerie at the royal palace of Buen Retiro, at Madrid, in the year 1778: Black and White Indian Falcon, Pex. Ind. Zool. t. is ENGTH fixteen inches: weight ten ounces. Bill black: irides reddifh yellow: orbits fpeckled with white: head, neck, back, fcapulars, quills, and fome of the middle coverts of the wings, black; the reft of the wings, body, and tail, pure white: legs yellow: claws black. ~Inhabits. Ceylon, and called by the Cingalefe, Kaloe koefo elgeya. In Ceylon Hawks of feveral kinds are trained for falconry, but whether this enters the lift is not certain. * In the collection of drawings at Sir 4. Lever’s, there is one of this very bird, faid to be taken from the life, and moft likely from the very fubje&t; which _ difrers not from M. Dillon’s defcription, except in having the appearance of a white collar on the neck. The bill, bothin 1. Déllon’s as well as Sir A. Lever’s drawing, appears to be remarkably hooked, and different from that of the Falcon genus. M : BILL St 64. CARACCA DescRIPTION. 65. BLACK ans WHITE F. DEscRIPTIONG PLACKs $2 66. CEYLONESE CRESTED E. N. S. DeEscaiprion. 67. GREY F. DeEscRIPTION. 68. BROWN JER- FALCON DeEscRIPTION. Be Any ye Cog Ne ILL dufky: cere yellow: colour wholly white as milk: on the head are two feathers hanging behind, like a pendent creft. This bird inhabits Ceylon *.—Communicated by Mr. Pennant: the fize not mentioned. 5 Grey Falcon, Br. Zool. N° 49. IZE of a Raven. Bill fhort, ftrong, hooked, and of a blueifk colour: cere and edges of the eyelids yellow: irides red: head fmall, flat, of a deep brown on the fore part, white be- hind: fides of the head and throat cream-coloured : belly white, with oblong black fpots: hind part of the neck, and the back, of a deep grey: wings reach beyond the end of the tail; quill-fea- thers {potted with white: tail long, wedge-fhaped, and {potted ; the two middle feathers plain: legs long, naked, and yellow. This bird was fhot near Halifax, in York/bire, in the year 1762. | Falco Jerfalco, Lin. fy. i. p. 130. N° 27.—Faun. fucc. p. 24. N° 64. HE cere is blue: the body brown, fafciated with cinereous beneath: the fide tail-feathers are white. It varies in having fometimes blue and fometimes yellow legs. It’s prey are Cranes, Herons, and Pigeons. * If M. de Buffon’s rule holds good, which is, that every white bird of this genus is a variety, and not a diftin& fpecies, this may moft probably turn out -avariety of our Creffed Indian Falcon, N° 63.—See Buf. cif. i. py 73: 5) So eA) oe} CGY WN, So far from the Sy/tema Nature. Linneus quotes feveral other authors, but none of them correfpond with his defcription : indeed, the Fauna Suecica, which he mentions among the reft, fays, that it has a dark cinereous back; that the belly is of a light afh, with tranfverfe fpots; that it is the fize of a cock, and infefts dove-houfes. Le Gerfault, Brif cr#.i. p. 370. N° 19) te 300 f 2. Buf. cif. i. p. 239. t. 13. —-- Pl, enl. 215, 446, 462. Gyrfalco, Rati yz. p. 13, N° 3. Gerfalcon, Will. orn. p. 78. N° 3. White Faleon, De. p. 80. N° 7. Gyrfalcon, Br. Zool. N° 47. Lev. Muf. ae SIZE of a Gofhawk. Bill blue afh: tip blackifh: cere blue afh: irides, and {kin round the eyes, blue: general colour white, fpotted with brown: legs of a pale blueith afh-colour : claws lead-colour. This, as Mr. Pennant obferves; is the Gyrfalco of all the or- nithologifts, except Linneus. M. de Buffon mentions three kinds of the Jerfalcon; the firft brown above, white beneath, fpotted with brown; tail grey; with tranfverfe brown lines: the fecond differing very little from the firft: the third white. Whether Lizzzeus was fenfible of thefe varieties cannot be faid; as he does not mention one word about it: however, it is clear that he did not mean this white kind from his defcription, not- withftanding he might quote it in his fynonyms. M 2 The 53 69. + WHITE JER- FALCON. Description. 84 69- Var. A. ICELAND JER- FALCON. DEscRIPTION. 70. SURINAM DEscCRIPTION. Pog A eC. IN: The fort above defcribed is found in Iceland, and in other. very cold climates. The fpecimen from which Mr. Pennant defcribed his, was fhot near Aberdeew. It inhabits the North of Scotland. Le Gerfault d’Iflande, Brif. orz. i. ps 373+ t 31> HE bird has luteous irides: it is brown above, fpotted with white on the back and wings: the lower part of the back,. the rump, and upper tail-coverts, have bands of an hoary co- lour: the throat of a rufous white, as is the lower part of the neck, each feather longitudinally marked with brown: the parts. beneath are white, fpotted with black: legs yellow... Inhabits Iceland with the laft. Falco fufflator, Liz. fy. i. po 127. N° 172- Surinam Falcon, Bancroft N. Hift. of Guiana, Pp. 153¢ Br. Muf. INN US defcribes this bird in the following manner:—The: cere is yellow: noftrils furnifhed with a flefhy lobe between them: covering of the eyes bony *: body above brown; the: * Oculorum operculis offis. I fappofe he means that the opaque part of the cornea, fo called by anatomifts (or white of the eye) is of a bony texture : if fo, _ it is by no means pectliar to this bird: it is of a very hard fubftance in moft of the genus, but remarkably fo in the Ow/ tribe, in which the eyes are large, and it is very confpicuous. feathers. Be A Ee Cre N: feathers white at the bafe: the under parts, and the tail-feathers, fpotted with brown, white; and luteous: legs yellow. It inhabits Surinam. When this bird is either angry or fright- ened, it blows * up the head till it is of the fize of the body. In Mifs Blomefield’s collection is a bird very like this, if not the fame, viz. about the fize of the Hen-harrier: above brown, ‘ with a mixture of ferruginous: forehead and throat paleft: hind head and neck marked as the fore parts: from the bafe of the bill to a little beyond the eyes, is a ftreak of brown, ending in a point at the back part: the under parts are white, ftreaked with brown: the breaft tinged with ferruginous: thighs buff- colour: quills fpotted with ferruginous; beneath dirty white,. with obfcure narrow bars of brown: legs yellow... This fpecimen came from Cayenne. Falco cachinnans, Liz. Sy/.i. p. 128. N° 18. ERE luteous: eyelids white: body mixed brown and whitifh: neck, throat, breaft, belly, and under the wings, white: tail banded with luteous and black: legs luteous. This bird, on obferving any perfon, fets up a kind of laugh. * This is likewife mentioned by Bazcroft, who fays the bird diftends his head: with air; when either angry or terrified.—This ought to be enquired into, as it muft arife from a ftruéture peculiar to this bird.—As to the diitenfion of. the throat and breaft of the Powter-Pigeoz, it arifes merely from the crop being filled with wind, and I believe has not any thing different in it’s ftructure ~ frem. that of other. Pigeons. To- Se Prace and: Mannerse TisGn gy LAUGHING F DEscRIPTION. $6 DescriPrion. Variery. ED BROWN LANNER. BA EC wOneN, To this thort defcription I fhall add a further one, from 4 {pecimen in the fame collection as the laft. The length is fix- teen inches. On the wings, when clofed, is a large fpot of a buff-colour, croffed with flender ftripes of brown; this mark arifes from the greater quills, all of which, except the two firft, are buff-coloured in the middle: the under parts are whitith, but on the breaft and belly many of the feathers have a dath of brown, and fome few wholly brown: crown of the head dafhed with brown: thighs pale buff, obfoletely ftreaked with brown, This came from Cayenne. A paper fent with it, gave it the name of “ Pagani gris tacheté.” Many marks, both in this and the laft fpecies, coincide fufficiently to pronounce them the fame {pecies with thofe of Linnaeus referred to; and it is very probable that they may be either varieties, or perhaps differing in fex from thofe which he defcribes. Falco lanarius, Lin. Syf.i. p. 129. N° 240 Le Lanier, Brif. orz.i. p. 363. N° 16. Buf oifs i. Po 2436 Lanarius, Raii fyn. p. 15. N° 13. Lanner, Will. orn. p. 82. N° 13. Lanneret, 4/b. vol. 1. t. 7. Lanner, Br. Zool. N°5t. t. 23- Lev. Muf HIS is rather inferior in fize to the Buzzard. The bill is blue: cere pale greenifh blue: irides yellow: parts above brown, with paler edges: crown of the head brown, mixed with yellow clay-colour: over each eye is a broad white line paf- fing Bye Ay 1a) ©. Ol. Ne fing to the hind head; beneath it a black mark pointing downwards: throat white: breaft tinged with dull yellow, marked with brown fpots paffing downwards: thighs and vent the fame: the quills are dufky, marked with oval ferruginous fpots on the inner webs: tail the fame: legs fhort, ftrong, and ofa blueifh caft. Inhabits Europe; breeds in Zreland; one fhot in a decoy in Lincolnfoire. J believe it is far from common in England. Le Lanier blanc, Bri/. orn. i. p. 367. N° 18. Lanarius, Aldrov. orn. i. p. 380. Fig. in 181, 183 *. F thefe Brion mentions two forts from Aldrovandus: the firft is one fogt feven inches and a half long. Has the bill and claws black: cere and irides yellow: head, neck, breaft, belly, fides, thighs, rump, and under tail-coverts, inclining to brown: the quills, and the tail above, nearly black: under the tail pale grey: cere yellow: legs luteous. The fecond has the bill, 8c. the fame with the other, but is two feet one inch in length. The head and back brown, mixed with grey: rump whitifh: upper wing-coverts and breaft grey: belly, fides, thighs, and under tail-coverts, grey alfo, but marked with longitudinal ferruginous fpots: the three outfide tail-feathers are white, fpotted with pale ferruginous; the fourth on each fide, counting from the outfide, fpotted with black; the two middle ones are grey. Perhaps they are both varieties of the Brown Lanner. Briffon does not mention their place. ® Thefe figures are not accurate. Falco 37 WHITE L. DescRIPTION. Var. A, $& The + HEN -HARRIER. DeEsGRIPTIONe ‘Falco cyaneus, Liz. Sy/. i. p. 126. N° 10. Le Lanier cendré, Brif. orn. i. p. 365. N° 17. Le Faucon a Collier, D°i. p. 345. N° 7. the male. L’oifeau St. Martin, Buf. oi/.i. p.212.—Pl. eal. asy. Grau weifle geyer, Fri/ch. t. 79, 80. Blue Hawk, Edw. 5. t. 225. -Hen Harrier, Br. Zool, N° 58. t. 28. Lev. Muf. HE leneth is feventeen inches; width three feet three inches; weight twelve ounces. ‘The bill is black: cere and _irides yellow: edges of the eyelids the fame: general colour blue= grey: back of the head white, fpotted with pale brown: ‘breaft, belly, and thighs, white ; on the firft, a few fmall dufky ftreaks : the two middle tail-feathers are grey; the outer webs of the others are the fame, but the inner webs are white, barred with dufky : legs yellow, long, and flender : claws black. _M. Salerne* has followed Mr. Ray +, in fuppofing it to be the fame bird with the ean le Blanc, N° 17: but this cannot be; we have not the laft in England; befides, the Fean le Blanc is above two feet in length, and not much lefs in fize than the Black Eagle. Orn. de Salerue, pe 23. N° 5. T Raii Syn. pe 47. N° 5 Falco ey ee ve, O.N, Falco pygargus, Liz. Sy/. i. p. 126. N° 11. -—— Scop. ann. 1. p. 14. Le Faucona Collier, Brif. orz. i. p. 345. N° 7. the female. La Soubufe, Buf. cif. i. p. 215. t. 9. — Pl. enl. 443. the female.—48o. the male. Pygargus, Raii. Syz. p.17. N° A. §.—Will, orn. t. 7 Ringtail, Wil. orz. p. 72. Ringtail, Br. Zool. N° 5g. Lev. Muf. EN GTH one foot feven inches and an half. The bill is pale: cere and irides yellow*: parts above dufky, beneath palifh, with oblong rufous, and in fome, dufky fpots: under the eyes is a whitifh fpot: from the hind head, on each fide, to the chin, paffes a kind of wreath in a circular manner; this is made up of ftiffer feathers than the reft, and of a lighter colour: the rump is white: tail longifh, barred with dufky, and tipped with white: beneath, the belly and breaft are of a yellowifh brown, with a caft of red, marked with oblong dufky fpots, but not always; as Mr. Pennant obferves, that he has feen one of thefe which had the laft-named parts quite plain: the legs are long and yellow: claws black. Authors have never blundered more, than in making this bird the fame fpecies with the laft mentioned. Mr. Pennant, in Br. Zool. under that head, fays, “ This has been fuppofed to be “¢ the female of the former; but, from fome late obfervations “by the infallible rule of diffection, males have been found of * Scopo/t {ays the orbits are whitifh. N “ this 89 + RINGTAIL. DEeEscRIPTI0Ne. go 75. Var A. MARSH-HAWK.. DescriPTion. a 6 Gk. ‘this fpecies.” ‘To this I may add my own obfervations ; the bird I now poffefs, as an Engli/h {pecimen, being fet down in my notes as a male. In the Planches enluminées, the male feems to be the brighteft in colour. The ground-colour of the under parts being ferrugi- nous, and thofe above inclining to.rufous. The ruff feems to be leaft perfect in the male. Marfh-hawk, Edw. glean. t. 2910. ———--— Am. Zool. N° Lev. Muf.. HIS feems to differ fo little from the former; that I readily; join my opinion to that of Briffon, in making it a variety.. The difference which I obferve is, a black line from the bill. through the eye: it is larger alfo, being, according to Edwards, , two feet in length; and has lines of white round the eye to the throat: the little white mark under the eyes is feen in both:- the general colour pretty much the fame: the tail in-Edwards’s . figure, rather fhorter than in the Briti/b Ringtail. I received a fpecimen not long fince from Famaica, which dif-. fers a little from both; but I am clear it belongs to the fame fpecies. “The remark my friend fent along with it was, that the- irides were drown; that it was a bold-fpirited bird, and would: not hefitate to kill chickens, pigeons, €%c. before one’s face. Falce.- Bee iE CO. ON, Falco Hudfonius, Liz. Syf.i. p. 128. N® 19. Epervier de la Baye d’Hudfon, Brif. orn. App. p. 18. N° 47. Ringtail Hawk, Edw. 3. t. 107. Ringtail Falcon, 4m. Zool. N° S 1ZE of the Jerfalcon: length one foot nine inches and a half. Bill black: cere yellow: the upper parts of the bird are ‘brown; the under parts white, with rufous brown fpots, of dif- ferent fhapes: over the eye is a ftreak of white: the rump is alfo white: hind head and lower part of the neck are grey brown, varied with darker brown: the two middle tail-feathers are brownifh; the others of a blueifh afh-colour, except the outer one, which is white: all of them are tranfverfely barred with brown: the legs are light yellow: claws black. — Linneus fays, it has a blueith {pot on the wings. Inhabits Hudfon’s Bay. ENGTH two feet; breadth four feet. Bill black: cere blue: parts above, deep chocolate-brown: the fore part of the neck the fame, but paler: on the hind head is a little mix- ture of white: at the hind head arifes a kind of wreath, which paffes behind the ears to the throat, in a circular form, not much unlike that of the Ringtail: over the eye is a pale yellow line, which fprings from the bill, and meets the wreath at the part where it begins behind; each feather of the wreath is black down the fhaft: the chin is of a whitifh colour ; from this paffes a lift of pale buff-colour to the breaft, the fhaft of each ; N 2 feather ‘gt 76. HUDSON’S BAY RINGTAIL. DeEscripTioNn. GE: Var. A. CAYENNE R. DescriPTioNe 92 ae Ae Ce sOe rN: feather of which is brown: the breaft, belly, thighs, and vent, are reddifh buff-colour; the laft the paleft: the feathers on the breaft and belly have a brown ftreak down the fhafts: thighs and. vent plain: prime quills dark on the inner, and cinereous blue on the outer webs, with bars of brown at an inch diftance each; thefe bars are lefs diftiné on the inner webs: the firft and fecond of the quills are quite plain, without markings: the fe- condaries are much the fame as the prime quills, but the brown bars rather obfolete: moft of the wing-feathers are white at the tips: the wings when clofed, reach the middle of the tail: rump white: the tail barred with pale and dark brown; the inner webs of three or four of the outer feathers have much white on the inner webs ; the outer webs incline to ferruginous ; the ends of the feathers are very pale ; the two middle feathers are barred as the reft, but with cinereous and deep brown; the bars are five in number: legs yellow: claws black. This bird came from Cayenne, and is in Mi/s Blomefield’s collec- tion. It was entitled Duc de Buffon.—It feems clearly a variety of the laft fpecies, differing only from climate: hence we learn, that thefe birds are diffeminated throughout America, as the ifland ef Cayenne and Hud/on’s Bay are very far afunder. It is worth re- mark, the near refemblance of the four laft-defcribed, fo much indeed, that with the lefs fcrupulous ornithologift, they might even pafs for mere: varieties. of each. other. Le Le AO 6 0°. NG Ee Faucon de Roche, ou Rochier, Brif. orz. i. p. 349. N° 8 Le Rochier, Buf. of. i. p. 286.—PI. enl. 447. Lithofalco, & Dendrofalco, Raii Syn. p. 14. N° 8. Stein-falck, Fri/ch. t. 86, Stone, or Tree falcon, Will. orn. p. 806 IZE of a Keftril: length twelve inches and a quarter. Bill blueifh afh-colour: cere and irides luteous: above cinereous, with black fhafts to the feathers: beneath rufous, with longitu- dinal brown fpots: tail cinereous; at the end blackifh; the very tip white; all the feathers, except the two. middle ones, are - barred tranfverfely with black. This appears very like the Merlin,. reprefented in the Planches Enluminées, N° 468.. Le Faucon de Montagne, Bri/- orz.i. p. 352. N° ge Falco montanus, Raii Syn. p. 13. N° 4. Mountain Falcon, Will. orz. p. 78. rps is lefs than the Peregrine Falcon, but has a fhorter tail. The bill is black: plumage above brown, or afh-colour: throat and fore part of the neck whitifh, fpotted with either fer- ruginous or black; and in fome the neck and breaft are quite black: tail afh-coloured, end black, the very tip white: legs yellow: claws black. When the bird is come to it’s full colour, the head is black ; the breaft has more white in it the oftener it has moulted; and the back and fides are of a deeper afh-colour. This is in brief what M4. Briffon fays of the bird: but he re- marks the probability of it’s being a variety of the Stone Falcon, and likewife mentions a further variety ; which follows. 2. f Le 93 77: STONE FALCON. DeEscrRIPTIONe 78. MOUNTAIN F. DeEscrIpTiONe 78. Var. A. -ASH-COLOUR- ED MOUNTAIN F. DescriPTIon. 19° #- KESTRIL “0 IDEsCRIPTION. Mate. FEMALE. By A Ls C2 On NN: Le Faucon de Montagne cendree, Bri/. ori. i. p. 355. Falco montanus fecundus Aldrovandi, #7//. oru. t. 9. HIS is in length one foot nine inches. The bill is black : iris yellow: general colour cinereous ; paleft on “the wing- coverts: beneath white as fnow: legs luteous. Falco tinnunculus, Liz. Syf. p. 127. N° 47. Scop. Ann. i. p. 16. da Creflerelle, Bri/. orn. i. p. 393. N° 27. —— Buf. cif. i. p. 280. t.18.—PI. enl. 401, 472. Tinnunculus, feu Cenchris, Raiz Syz. p. 16. N° 16. Rothe-falck, & Rothel-geyer, Fri/ch. t. 84, 85. Keftrel, Stannel, or Windhover, W2//. orn. p. 84. te 5» Keftrel, Br. Zocl. N° 60. Br. Muf. Lev. Mufe HE male and female differ much in this fpecies: the firft weighs fix ounces and a half. The cere is yellow : irides dark-coloured: crown of the head, and the tail, of a fine light grey; the lower end of the laft marked with a broad black bar: the back and wing-coverts are of a rufous brick-colour, {potted with black; beneath of a pale ferruginous colour, fpotted with black alfo: thighs and vent plain. The female weighs eleven ounces. Colour of the back and wings more pale and dufky than in the male, crofied with nume- rous tranfverfe lines of black: the head is pale red brown, ftreaked with black: tail the fame, croffed with numerous black bars; near the end it-has the fame black bar as in the male; the end of both is very pale at the tip. This, - PAk G& @ N This, efpecially the male, is a very beautiful fpecies : it feeds on mice, fmall birds, and infets. This is the bird that we fo often fee in air hovering it’s wings, and, as it were, fixed to one fpot for fome length of fpace. At this time it may be fippofed- watching it’s prey, which, when the eye has fixed once upon, it darts to the earth with rapidity, in order to fecure it-—This was once ufed in falconry, for fmall birds and young Partridges.. L’Epervier des Alouettes, Brif. orn. is ps 379. N° 226 Manufe-falck, Fri/ch. t. 88. MM. DE BUFFON * fuppofes this not to be different from the ~~" female Keftril, as will appear from reading the defcription in Briffon, aswell as comparing the figure in Fri/ch, above re- ferred to. S. G. Gmelin + mentions a variety of the Keftril which is grey, with the fhafts of the feathers black. Le Faucon pécheur de Senegal, ou-Le Tanas, Buf. cif. i. p. 275.—Pi. enl. 478. Faucon pefcheur, Damp. Voy. vol. iii. Fr. edit. p. 318. “HIS is rather lefs than the Falcon, but has fome refemblance to it. The bill and irides are yellow: the whole head fer- ruginous: parts above cinereous; the edges of the feathers fer- * Of. vol. i. p. 283 t 7oy, vol. i. p. 49.,t, 106 ruginous - 5: ManRers, 79° Var. A. LARK HAWK.. DESCRIPTION>. 79° Var. B. GREY KESTRIL.. 802. FISHING. FALCON... DsscrRIPTION». Manners. 81. BROWN HAWK. DeEscRIPTION. Be Ars (Ce) O: Ny ruginous brown: the under parts, thighs, and vent, pale yellow- ith white, with a dafh of brown on the middle of each feather: quills dark afh: tail light brown above, blueifh afh beneath: legs brown: the feathers on the head are rather long, fo as to form a kind of creft. This {pecies inhabits Senegal, and is called there by the natives Janas. Though it is fomewhat like the Falcon tribe, yet it dif- fers entirely in it’s nature, as it feeds oftener on fifh than on any other prey; taking them out of the water as the O/prey, above defcribed. It does not fwallow the fifh whole, but, retiring to a convenient place, eats it piece-meal. Brown Hawk, Browz. Illufr. p. 6. t. 3¢ IN leneth thirteen inches. Bill blue, with a black tip: iris yellow: the upper part of the head, the back, and the tail- coverts, are brown: wing-coverts the fame, but edged with white: fcapulars brown, fpotted with white: quills dufky, with pale brown edges: fore part of the neck and the under parts are white, croffed with numerous femicircular yellow lines: tail pale brown, marked with four dufky lines: legs very pale yel- low: claws black. Inhabits Ceylon. PA we se ON. Le petit Aigle d’Amerique, Buf. oi, i, p. 142. , : Pl. enl, 417. ENGTH from fixteen to eighteen inches. ‘The bill is blue, ftraight at the bafe: cere, and round the eye, yellow: iris orange: throat and neck of a fine purplifh red: upper parts of the body blue, with a reddifh caft: belly and vent reddifh white: legs yellow: claws black. This is a moft beautiful fpecies: inhabits Cayenne, and other parts of South America. M. de Buffon calls this an Eagle, though fo fmall, as the bill is crooked moftly at the tip. Lev. Mnf. ENGTH more than twelve inches: in fhape like our com- mon Buzzard. The bill is dufky: the whole head and neck, as far as the fhoulders, whitifh ; the fhaft of each feather blotched irregularly with rufty brown: back, and wing-coverts, brown; feveral of the feathers, efpecially on the wing-coverts, are {potted with white: tail dark brown, croffed with feveral bars; but thefe are nearly obfolete, appearing only on a clofe infpection: the quills are very dark, almoft black: the under parts, from the breaft, are white; down the fhaft of each feather is a blotch of brown; thefe marks fpread out larger and broader as they proceed downwards to the belly: thighs pretty much the fame: vent plain white: legs yellow: claws black. A fine fpecimen of this bird is in the Leverian Mufeum, which came from North America. @) Falco 97 82, RED- THROATED F, DeEscRIPTION. 83. SPECKLED BUZZARD. N. S. DeEscRIPTION. 98 84. AMERICAN BROWN HAWK. DeEscRIPTION. Mate. FEMALE, BAe ON, Falco fufcus, F. Fr. Miller, te 18. Lev. Muf. N the Leverian Mufeum is a fine pair of thefe birds; from which the following defcription is taken. The fize and fhape of our Sparrow Hawk. The bill of a pale lead-colour: cere dufky: the body above, is.of a cinereous brown, with a trifle of white on the fcapulars: top and fides of the head ftreaked with narrow longitudinal ftripes of white: be- hind the eye is. a ftreak of a pale colour: the under parts are white: the chin plain: the fore part of the neck, the breaft, and belly, marked with reddifh brown ftreaks down the fhaft of each. feather: thighs dirty white ; down the middle of each feather is. 2 brown ftreak : tail cinereous brown, crofied with three bars of dark brown; the end:very pale. Another along with this, fuppofed to be the female, is marked much the fame, but the longitudinal ftripes on the un- der parts are more numerous; befides which, are fome tranfverfe bars of light brown: the legs in both are flender, like the Spar-~ row Hawk, and of a yellow colour: the claws alfo are like that bird, and black. The bird figured by Mr. Miller, above quoted, fearcely differs in the markings. The iris in his plate is white, or very pales but the claws feem to be remarkably thick and fhort, fuch as I never faw in any Hawk. Whether they were fo in the fpecimen from which he took his drawing, or any miftake in the engrav- ing, I cannot determine. Falco, BAL CO N. Falco nifus, Liz. Syf. i. p. 130. N° 31. Scop. Ann. i. pe 176 L’Epervier, Brif. orz. i. p. 310. N° 4, Buf. oif. i p. 225. te 11 = PI. enl. 412, 466, 467. Sperber, Fri/ch. t. 90. male. gi. female. 92. variety: Accipiter fringillarius, Raéi Syz. p. 18. N° A. 2. Sparrow Hawk, Will. or. p. 86. ——_— —— Br. Zool. N° 62. Lev. Muf. Br. Mu/f. ' CARCE any birds of the fame fpecies differ more in fize than the male from the female in this. The firft weighs five ounces, and is twelve inches in length; the female is nine ounces in weight, and is in length fifteen inches *. The female has the head, hind part of the neck, back, rump, wing-coverts, {capulars, and upper tail-coverts, brown; the edges of the feathers rufous: on the hind head are fome whitith {pots : the under parts are white, or inclining to yellowith, with rufous brown waves; each feather being of that colour near the end, tending to a point downwards: the chin fparingly ftreaked with perpendicular lines of brown: quills dufky, barred with black- ifh on the outer, and {potted with white on the lower part of the inner webs: tail barred with very dark brown; the tip white: legs yellow: claws black. The male differs a little, in having the tranfverfe lines on the breaft lefs abrupt, and not fo numerous; the under parts of a * The following defcription is from birds in my own poffeffion, but they are apt to vary much in the fhade as well as difpofition of their colours. O 2 darker 99 8 e oe SPARROW- HAWK. DescripTion: FEeMaLe. Mate. 100 Manners, 85. Var. A. SPOTTED SPARROW H. DESCRIPTION. 85. Var. B. WHITE SPARROW H. DESCRIPTION, BEAN be Cir Oy Ni darker colour; and the brown on the back more inclining to dove-colour. Both fexes are palifh over the eyes: the bill in both is blue, and the cere yellow. 3 This bird is the dread of the inhabitants of the farm-yard ; making great havock among the young of poultry of all kinds, as well as Pigeons; alfo Partridges. It is a bold bird, well known, arid will commit it’s depredations in the moft daring manner, even before one’s face. L’Epervier tacheté, Bri/. orz. i. p. 314. H1S is brown above, with a few {pots of white: beneath, much the fame as above, appearing as it were fcaly: under part of the wings and tail have broad bands of white, and narrow ones of brown, alternate: the tail above jis like that of the laft {pecies, as are the bill, irides, cere, and legs. HIS, as well as the laft, is, no doubt, a mere variety, and a moft beautiful fpecimen, being now in the poffeffion of Captain Davies*. The plumage is wholly of a milk-white colour, * In this gentleman’s elegant collection will be found many fearce fpeci- mens, efpecially from North America, which he has been at the pains to collect and arrange himfelf. His friends too are obliged to him for the free communication of every knowledge or obfervation in Natural Hiftory in his power. 5 without He a) Tp C2 Oy Ne without the leaft appearance. of any bands, or other markings. It was fhot in Dor/et/bire, near which place others have been feen of the fame colour. Falco columbarius, Liz. f/?, . p. 128. N° 21- L’Epervier de la Caroline, Bri/ orn. i. p. 378. N° 21. L’Epervier des Pigeons, Buf. oi/. i. p. 238. Pigeon Hawk, Catefb. Car. i. ps 3. t+ 3e -———Am. Zool. N° ~ Lev. Mu/. "THE leneth of this bird is ten inches and a half; breadth twenty-two inches and a half; weight fix ounces and a half. The bill is whitifh, with a black tip: irides and cere luteous: the head, hind part of the neck, back, rump, wing and tail-coverts, are brown: throat, fore part of the neck, breaft, belly, fides, and under tail-coverts, yellowifh white, ftreaked with brown: tail brown, with four narrow darker bands: the legs are yellow: claws black. Catefby adds, that the thigh-feathers reach within half an inch of the claws.. This inhabits Carolina and other parts of North America. At Hudfon’s Bay it is called the Small Bird Hawk. It is there mi- gratory, arriving in May, and retiring in Autumn: it feeds on fmall birds; flies in circles; and makes an hideous fhrieking noife at the approach of any one. Falco 101 86. - + PIGEON — Cy DESCRIPTIONs PLACE. Manners... kO2 87. + GUIANA F. DESCRIPTION. Pracz. §8. INGRIAN EF. DiscriPTEON. FALCON. Falco fuperciliofus, Liz. fy?.i. p. 128. No 22. IZE of a Magpie. Bill black: cere and eyelids luteous: lore thinly befet with black briftles : eye-brows prominent, naked beneath: parts above brown: rump varied with -white and black: beneath wholly undulated with fine traniverfe lines of black, even the thighs: vent white, with black lines: greater quills ferruginous, with many bands of black; fecondaries whitifh on the pofterior margin: tail black, with two broad paler bands, and a cinereous tip: legs luteous: claws black. Inhabits Swrinam.—A {pecimen I received from Cayenne was much fmaller than Linueus mentions, though it anfwered to his defcription ; fo we may fuppofe it to be the male, of which he, perhaps, defcribes the female; and at firft caft of the eye puts one in mind greatly of the male Sparrow Hawk, being much of the fame make and proportions. Falco vefpertinus, Lin. fy. i. p. 129. N° 23. ——— §, G. Gmelin, voy. 1. p. 67. t. 436 T is about the fize of a Pigeon. ‘The bill is yellow, with a brown tip: the cere and eyelids are luteous: head brown: body blueifh brown: belly blueifh white: vent and thighs fer- ruginous: tail brown: quills blueifh white; the primaries, from the firft to the feventh, are blackifh at the tip: the legs are naked and luteous. This bird inhabits Jugria, where it is called by the inhabitants Kobex. 3 Epervier Ae ene K© — Ni. Epervier a gros bec de Cayenne, Baf. oi/. p. 237. -——— ——— PI. enl, 464. HIS fpecies exceeds the Sparrow Hawk a little in fize. The bill is longer and thicker than in that bird, and of a black colour: the cere is yellow: iris orange: the general colour of the plumage brown above; the feathers edged with ferruginous brown: on the fore parts, as far as the brealt, the colour is the 103 89. GREAT-BILLED Fr. Description, fame, but has a greater portion of the ferruginous mixture: the belly, thighs, and vent are white, marked with numerous narrow ferruginous ftriz: the tail is banded black and white: legs yel- low: claws black: the legs are fhorter than in the Sparrow Hawk. M. de Buffon is the firft who has mentioned this bird, and informs us that it inhabits Cayenne. He calls it the Great-billed Sparrow Hawk; the firft term, as having the bill larger in pro- portion; and the laft, as being in figure more like that bird than any other. Falco fubbuteo, Lz#. Syf.i. p. 127. N° 14: Le Hobreau, Brif. orn. i. p. 375. N° 20. ——— Buf. vif. 1..p. 277. t. 176 ——_—_- —— PI. enl. 4.31, 4326 Stein falck, Fri/ch. t. 86. Dendro falco, Raii fy. p. 14. N° 8. & Subbuteo, p. 15, N° 14, The Hobby, Well. orn. p. 83. —————— Br. Zool. N° 61. Br. Muf. Lev. Muf.. , ' ENGTH twelve inches: breadth two feet three inches: weight feven ounces. The bill is blue: cere and orbits yellow : Qo +- HOBBY, DESCRIPTION. 104 JMANNWERS, AE GO N: yellow: irides hazel: the back is brown: nape of the neck yel- lowifh : belly pale, with oblong brown fpots: on each cheek is a black mark like a crefcent, pointing downward: the vent and thighs are ferruginous, or rather rufous*: legs yellow: claws black. M. Briffon fays the irides are yellow; but in all the fpecimens which I have feen, they are either hazel, or dark brown, in dif- ferent fhades. Mr. Pennant informs us, that it breeds in England, and mi- grates in Oéfober. This bird was ufed in falconry +, but in a very ‘confined manner: particularly in daring of Larks, for which purpofe the Hawk was caft off; on feeing of which, the Larks adhered to the ground through fear, and the fowler drew his net over them. * Not always; for in two fpecimens, one of which I have now by me, ‘the thighs were dufky white, longitudinally marked with brown, and the vent ‘of a plain white. + M. Brunnich informs us, that the Gentile, Iceland Falcon, and Hobby, are ufed in falconry about Copenhagen ; and that the falconers fupply the tail- feathers, when worn out or broken, with others from a different bird, faftening the new to the bafe of the old ones; by which means, it is probable, that new fpecies may have been created by the moft intelligent defcribers, who were not poflefled of the knowledge of this circumftance. Orz. bor. p. 3. Br. Muf, RAY uy C+ O'- Ns Br. Muf. Lev. Muf. IZE of an Hobby: length fifteen inches. The bill is three quarters of an inch in length, and rather ftout for the fize of the bird; it is of a lead-colour, with the bafe very pale, nearly white: the plumage above is of a very dark brown: the hind part of the neck, the top of the head, and the wing-coverts, are of ene plain colour, but the reft of the upper parts are crofled with tran{verfe interrupted narrow bars of a whitifh colour, not very numerous: the feathers on the chin very long and narrow, al- moft like hairs, and of a whitifh colour: throat orange, inclining to brown, marked with roundifh fpots of white: breaft orange: belly dark brown, with interrupted bars of dirty buff, which are made up of the fpots which each feather is marked with: thighs ferruginous, dafhed with brown on the fhafts: under tail- coverts the fame, befides which are fome tranfverfe dufky bars : the tail is of the fame colour as the back; the half next the bafe is croffed with narrow bars of white, much like the back ; the end half of one plain colour, or dark brown: the legs are of a lead-colour, long and flender, like thofe of a Sparrow Hawk, and the toes and claws ftill longer in proportion; the colour of the laft is black: the wings reach to the middle of the tail. The fpecimen in the Britifh Mufeum is faid to have come from Surinam; that in the Leverian Mufeum, fimply from the South Seas, without fpecifying any place. I believe this fpecies has not been noticed before, P SIZE t0§ Te ORANGE. BREASTED H. N. S. ESCRIETION» 1c6 Q2. SPOTTED.-. DESCRIPTION, 93: MERLIN, DeEscripTion. Be Ay ke, C7 O, Ne IZE of a Sparrow Hawk. Bill black: cere dufky: the head). neck, lower part of the back, and the under parts, are cine- reous: the plumage elfewhere of a very dark lead-colour,. almott black: prime quills ferruginous on the inner webs, but not quite to the end:: on each tail-feather (except the two middle ones, which are plain) are three white fpots on the inner web only ;. the firft fomewhat above an inch from the tip; the next at about equal diftance between: that and the bafe; and the third nearly at the bafe itfelf: the legs are fhort and yellow: claws black: the: wings reach beyond the middle of the tail. This fpecimen is in the collection of Mi/s Blomefield, who. re- ceived it from Cayenne. Ido not find it mentioned by any auther. L’Emerillon, Bri/f. ora. i. p. 382. N° 233. fEfalon Bellonii & Aldrovandi, Raii Syn. p. 15. N® 155. Kleinfte rothe-falck, Fri/ch. t. 89.. Merlin, Will. orm p. 85. t. 3. Br, Zool. N° 63. Br. Muf. Lev, Mu/f.. | HE length: of the Merlin is twelve inches and a half: the: fize fcarce bigger than a Blackbird. ‘The bill is-of a:blueifh: lead-colour: cere pale yellow: irides. very dark: head ferru-. _ginous; each feather marked with a blueifh black ftreak down. the fhaft: back and wings blueifh. afh-colour, ftreaked and. fpotted with ferruginous: the edges are of the fame colour :- the quills are almoft black, marked with reddifh oval fpots: the under: WEA) Th) Cr OL. NE) under wing-coverts are brown, marked with round white {pots : tail five inches long, croffed with alternate bars of dufky and reddifh clay-colour, generally from thirteen to fifteen in number; but in one fpecimen, Mr. Pennant obferves there were only eight: the breaft and belly yellowifh white, with oblong fpots pointing downwards: the wings reach to within an inch and half of the end of the tail: the legs are yellow: claws black. This defcription from the Briti/b Zoology ; which informs us that the fpecies does not breed with us, but migrates here in Ofober, coming into England about the fame time that the Hobdy difappears. This was anciently ufed in falconry, and though inferior in fize, was not fo in point of fpirit, to any of the larger fpecies. § the following appears a variety of the former, I think worth while to defcribe it as fuch, as I cannot venture to place it as a diftinéct {pecies. The length nine inches. The bill blue; tip black; imme- diately over the bill the feathers are very pale: the forehead is afh-colour, extending with the fame colour in a ftreak over each eye: crown of the head reddifh chefnut: on the fide of the head, under each eye, is a broad fpace of white, nearly of a triangu- lar figure ; this is bordered with dufky black: at the place of the ears is a patch of dufky black: the feathers on the back are of a reddifh chefnut, tranfverfely ftridted with black: wing-co- verts the fame: both prime and fecondary quills dufky, inclin- ing to black; the laft edged with white: the under parts of the Pi 2 bird 107 Manneks. 98- Var. A. NEW YORK M. DzscriptTion. 108 Bi AY Dy CeO, Ns bird are of a dirty yellowifh white, perpendicularly ftreaked with brown: the chin very pale, without marks: the vent and thighs the fame: tail chefnut, barred with black; the bars are ten or eleven in number, but are not complete, as they do not touch ~the fhaft, being only, as it were, a tran{verfe, or rather oblique, mark acrofs each web, but appear as bands, till the feathers are extended: the tail beneath is. banded with whitifh and black.: the legs yellow:- claws black. PLAcE. This was defcribed from a fpecimen in the collection of Cap- tain Davies, who brought it from New-York. v 93> B L’Emerillon des Antilles, Bri/. orn. i. p. 385. N° 245 CARIBBEE Efmerillon Gry Gry, Radi Syz. p. 19. N° 3. M. — —--—— Du Tertre Hift. des Antilles, 2. Pp. 253% DEscRIPTION. Ap HIS bird is very. little bigger than a Thrufh. It is rufous. above, fpotted with black: beneath white, fpotted longi- tudinally with black. It inhabits the utilles: called there Gry Gry. M. Briffon doubts this being different from the other Merlin, and on his authority I place it as a variety. M. du Tertre fays, that his bird preys only on Lizards and Grafl=- hoppers, and now and then on very young chickens. L’Efmerillon: BPA be eC Nn L’Efmerillon des Fauconniers, Buf. oi/.i. p. 288. t. 19s L’Emerillon, P/, exl. 468. HIS bird, according to M. de Buffon, is not the Merlin of naturalifis, but known by that name among falconers, and’ fas not been particularly noticed nor well defcribed by any one hitherto. He fays it 1s like an Hobby in figure, but has fhorter wings, and it much more refembles the Stone Falcon, both as to fize and length, colours, &c. fo as to make it rather doubtful whether thofe two be not only varieties. A fingularity too prefents itfelf in this bird, which is, that both male and female are of the fame fize, a thing unufualin this genus. He fays likewife that it is a very courageous bird, attacking not only Larks, but Quails and Partridges. Notwithftanding all this, . de Buffon quotes Br. Zool. folio edit. A. 12. for a figure, feeming to prove /is Merlin, and that of Mr. Pennant, to be the fame.. Mr. Salerne* gives a probable reafon for this confufion among the Merlins, which arifes from the bird-catchers calling every bird under the fize of a Buzzard by the name of Mérlin; and in this kingdom I have as often found all the fmaller kinds of Hawks called by the name of Sparrow Hawk, without diftin€tion. I have mentioned thus much, as I believe the Merlin is not very common in Exgland, and confequently but little known. I. do not know M. de Buffon’s bird. * Orn. pe 166 Falcos 109, 93° Var. C. EALCONERS} M. DEscRIPTIONs». REMARKSe- T1090 94. «- LITTLE F. DescriPrion. FEemaLe. PLACE. BE AN Ea OC Ou IN. ‘Falco fparverius, Liz. Syf. i. p. 128. N° 20. L’Emerillon de la Caroline, Brif. orn. i. p. 386. N° 25. t. 32. f. te —— — PI. enl, 465. Falco minor rufefcens, 8c. Browa’s Fam. p. 471. - Little Hawk, Caref>. Car. i. t. 5. the male. Am. Zool. Lev. Muf. HE male is of the fize of the Merlin, but the female i$ fomewhat bigger. The bill is yellowifh: cere and irides the fame: the head is of a blueifh afh-colour; the crown of the head, and upper parts of the body, orange brown, tranfverfely ftriated with black: the upper wing-coverts blueifh afh-colour, with tranfverfe black ftriz: tail red brown, tipped with black. The female differs from the male in fome particulars: the head is of a blueifh afh-colour ; the crown red brown: the hind part of the head is encircled with feven black fpots, viz. three on each fide and one behind: cheeks and throat dirty reddifh white: hind part of the neck, the back, fcapulars, and wing- coverts, reddifh brown, with black tranfverfe lines: rump and upper tail-coverts the fame, but plain: fore part of the neck, breaft, and fides, dirty rufous white, ftriped down the fhafts with reddifh brown: the prime quills blackifh, fpotted within with reddifh brown: tail of the laft-mentioned colour, tranfverfely ftriated with black. In both, the legs are yellow, and the claws black. I never yet faw the female. This bird inhabits Virginia, Carolina, St. Domingo. ‘They abide all the year in Carohina and Virginia. 3 M. Buffon Bea Ey Ce Os. ON M. de Buffon* fays that.this bird, our Merlin, and that of St. Domingo, or next fpecies, are all varieties of the Gry Gry, or Caribbee M. N° 93. B. L’Emerillon de St. Domingue, Bri/. orn. i..p. 389..N° 26..t. 32. f. 2. female. Lev. Muf. "HE bill in this is yellow; the tip black: cere luteous: irides yellow: parts above moftly red brown, fpotted with black: beneath dirty white, fpotted with black: head cinereous: the eight middle tail-feathers are chefnut, at the ends black; the very tips white; the two outmoft on each fide are different, the one having fome white near the end, and a black fpot in it, the laft white on the outfide, and marked with five black fpots, and. ene of chefnut on the inner webs: legs yellow: claws black.—This deicription is of the female. The male differs, the fpots of black on the upper parts being lefs numerous than in the female: throat and fore part of the neck more inclining to red brown. Ten of the middle tail-fea- thers are chefnut, with the ends black, and very tips white, as in. the female: the outer tail-feather, on the outfide and tip, is, white, on the inner web chefnut, marked with a tranfverfe {pot of. black near the end. This inhabits S¢.. Domingo. * Hifh. des Oif. i. Ps 2935 Falco; ony ST. DOMINGO F, DeEscRiPTIONs. X12 96. ‘MINUTE F. DescRIPTIONe 97° BENGAL DescRIPTIONe EAS eiGr@ N: Falco minutus, Lin. Sy. i. p. 131. N° 32. Le petit Epervier, Bri/. orn. i. p. 315. N° 2. Pl. 30, f. te HIS, according to Briffon, is lefs than the Merlin, being eleven inches and three quarters in length. The bill ts black: cere brown: parts above brown, variegated with rufous: beneath white, with tranfverfe rufous brown ftrie: tail brown, banded with deeper brown: legs luteous: claws black. This bird inhabits the [land of Malta. M. Briffon mentions a variety of this, having only four brown bands on the tail, and lance-fhaped fpots on the breatt. M. de Buffon* fays, it is probable that this bird may prove to be merely the Tiercelez, or male of the Sparrow Hawk, called by the Falconers a Mouchet. Falco czrulefcens, Lin. Sy. i. p. 125. N°-9. Le Faucon de Bengale, Bri/. orn. app. p. 20. N° 38. Little black and orange Indian Hawk, Edw. 3. t. 108. ; Lev. Muf. HIS is faid to be the leaft of the Falcon genus, being in length only fix'inches and a half. The bill is blackifh: cere and eyelids luteous: the forehead is white: the eye placed in a naked yellow fkin, round which is a bed of black, paffing downwards a little way on each fide of the neck, and this is again bounded by white: general colour of the parts above is purplifh black; * Hift. des Oifvi. p. 226. that Bae ay COUN. that of the under parts orange, paleft on the breaft: the tail is black; the two middle feathers are plain, the others tranf{verfely ftriated on the infide with white: the legs are luteous: claws blackifh. : This beautiful fpecies inhabits Bengal. Mr. Edwards obferves, that it is feathered below the knees, and that for fo {mall a bird, it is remarkably ftout and robuft, full as much, in proportion, as an Eagle. Falco regulus, Pallas Trav. vol. il. p. 707. N° 13. HIS, according to Dr. Pallas, is lefs than any yet known. The length he does not mention, but fays that it weighs lefs than half a pound. It has the bill and air of a Kef- trel. The cere is greenifh: irides brown*: the crown of the head is hoary brown, marked with blackifh lines: round the neck is a ferruginous collar: the back is of a hoary lead-colour, the feathers of which have brown fhafts, towards the tail paleft: the throat and other parts beneath are whitifh, with numerous ferruginous brown fpots: margin of the wings white, variegated beneath: tail nearly even at the end, of a hoary lead-colour, with clouded fafciz beneath ; all the feathers have black edges, and the tips of all are white: the legs are of a deep yellow. This bird inhabits Szberta. It preys chiefly on Larks. It is not very common. * As Dr. Pallas obferves, thofe of all the more generous forts ares Q. GENUS — 113 PLACE. 98. SIBERIAN. DeEscRIPTION. PLACE. OS Gr 4 | fp ww p BY Ww oO Ww Genus III. OW L. FEARED OWLS. . Great Eared O. IN? Je A. Athenian E. O. 8. B. Smooth-legged E. O. 9: C. Magellanic E. O. IO. . Virginian FE. O. . Scandinavian E. O. . Ceylonefe FE. 0. . Long-eared O. A. Italian E. O. 15. . American E. O. 16. *#*¥ WITH SMOOTH . Snowy O. N° 29. . Barred O. 30. . Cinereous O. ite . Aluco O. Qs . Auftrian O. . Auftrian White O. . Auftrian Rufous O. . Auftrian Ferruginous O. . Solognefe C. . White O. 38 . Tawny, Q.. 39 . Brown O. 40 10 II. 12. Leh 14. 33° 34> . Cayenne O. . Cafpian O. 5 hice! ©) . Acadian O. ag. New Zeeland O. wuleiccle@: Mexican E. OF. Red E. O. Short-eared O. Brafilian E. O. Mottled E. O. Indian E. O. Carniolic E. O. Yaickan E. O. Scops E. O. Siberian E. O. HEADS. Canada O. Hawk O. Mexican O. New Spain O. Coquimbo O. Saint Domingo O. Tao oO W UL. HE bill is crooked, as in the laft, but not furnifhed with a cere. Noftrils covered with briftly feathers. Head large: both ears and eyes very large. Tongue bifid. To which Mr. Pennant * adds: Noftrils oblong. Outmoft toe capable of being turned backwards. Claws hooked and fharp.—To which I may add, that the ex- ternal edge of one or more of the outer quill-feathers is ferrated, in every individual that has come under my infpection. The owl is a nocturnal bird, moft of them preying by night, or rather twilight; for, as Buffon+ obferves, it has neither the faculty of difcerning objects in open day-light, nor can it fee when the night is dark. It is only for an hour in the evening and morning that it fees clearly, except by moon-light ; and in fuch nights as are pretty light they hunt after prey the whole night through. Their want of fight is made good by their quicknefs of hearing ; which their ample ears teftify. Their dimnefs of fight in the day-time, can only be faid of the major part of them, fince fome of the fpecies both fee well by day-light, as well as take their prey at that time; but whether thefe have the faculty of feeing by twilight equally well, is not mentioned, More need not be faid to identify the genus of Owls, as few can miftake it. ® Genera of Birds. + Hift. des Oif. vol. 1. p. 317. Qa *EARED ilg 116 I. GREAT EARED Oo. DescripTiIONe MANNERSe A CAR ESD 1) OW, -S. Strix bubo, Lin. Syf.i. p. 131. N° 1 —— Scop. Annwi. p. 18. Le grand Duc, Brif. orn. i. p.477. N° 1. Le Duc, ou grand Duc, Buf. of. i. p. 332, t. 226 anne Pl. enl. 435. Bubo, Raié Syx. p. 24. N° 1. Schuffut, Fri/ch. t. 93. Great Horn-owl, or Eagle-owl, Will. orn. p. 99. t. 12. Eagle-owl, Br. Zool. N° 64. t. 29. Great Owl, 4m. Zool. N° Br. Muf. Lev. Mu/. N fize it is almoft equal to an Eagle. Irides bright yellow: head and whole body finely varied with lines, fpots, and fpecks of black, brown, cinereous, and ferruginous: wings long: tail fhort, marked with dufky bars: legs thick, covered to the very end of the toes with a clofe and full down of a beteceous co- lour: claws great, much hooked, and dufky. This is Mr. Pennant’s defcription; which will as fully fuffice as a longer one. The above noble fpecies for the moft part inhabits ruined edifices, mountainous and cavernous places, and inacceffible rocks; feldom being feen on the plains, nor often perched on trees. It’s prey chiefly confifts of Leverets, Rabbits, Moles, Rats, and Mice. Of thefe it fwallows the largeft by morfels ; bones, hair, and all: the leffer ones whole. After due digeftion of the nutritious parts, it emits the indigeftible ones, in the fhape of round pellets; which are often found in it’s haunts, This bird OW OL. bird likewife feeds it’s young with Bats, Snakes, Lizards, Toads, and Frogs *. Aldrovandus fays that it provides well for it’s young, and fo plentifully, that a perfon living in the neighbourhood of the neit of one of thefe, may be fupplied therefrom with fome dainties, and yet leave enough to {atisfy the young birds. This is not very common in France, nor is it certain that it ftays there the whole year. Not more than two eggs have been found in the neft ; the colour of them not unlike that of the bird itfelf: in fize fomewhat bigger than an Hen’s ege.—The Italians, according to Olina, fometimes train it up for the ufes of falconry. It has been fhot in Scotland, and in York/bire, and, if a friend of mine does not deceive me, has once been feen in Kent, perched upon a gate, near to a large wood, in the {pring 1770. * Tt is faid that neither Owls, nor other birds of prey, have been obferved to drink ; infomuch that many, who have kept them, did not furnifh them with water, on the fuppofition of their not wanting it. M. de Buffon has watched one of the Falcon tribe, which would by no means be tempted to drink while any one was in fight; but as foon as the perfon, who was fet to watch it, difappeared, the bird, after looking round to fee all was fafe, plunged it’s head into the water, as far as the eyes, and took feveral gulps. Hi/?. des O:/.i. - Po 1276 The reverfe of this was the cafe in my Carrion Vulture, for 1 have feen this dip it’s bill into the water to fill the mouth, after which it held up the head to. {wallow it, juft in the manner of our domettic poultry. Le wy O W L. ing ie Var. A. Teali if. orn. i. p. 482. N° 1. A. ATHENIAN Le grand Due D HET Brif. ort. i. p ish 1 E. O. Bubo Athenienfis, Lin. Syf. p. 131. N° 1. 8. Hagle-owl, Wl. orn. p. gg. N° 2. Great Horned-owl from Athens, Edw. glean. t. 227 Black-winged Horn-ow], Albin. iii. pl. 6. Deserre cio HIS is defcribed as of a darker colour throughout, efpe- cially on the wings. The legs are fhorter, and not fo ftrong ; but the claws are large and fharp. Mr. Edwards fays that the face is of a whitifh grey, and the colour of the whole bird is brown, variegated with black: the height, as it fat upon the perch, feventeen inches, I. SOE a Baie Duc Rien Brif. orn. me 483. N°x. B. LEGGED: E. O. reat Horn-owl, tit, OY. P. 100. } Ze DescriPTion. ‘HIS differs only in having the legs bare of feathers, and both legs and feet weaker than in the laft. I. Var. C, MAGELLANIC Jacurutu, Marcg. Hit. Braf. p. 199. E, O. Hibcu des Terres Magellaniques, PJ. ex/. 385. Description. ARCERAVE deferibes this bird as being of the fize of a Goofe; having a head like a Cat, a black crooked bill, eyes fhining ‘like cryftal, with a yellow circle. Near the holes of the ears it has pointed feathers two fingers long, which can be lifted up to appear like ears: the tail broad; the wings not Ow L. 119 not reaching the end of it: legs covered to the feet: colour of the bird variegated with yellow, blackifh, and white. There is not a doubt of this bird being a variety at leaft of the former: though the climates be fo wide apart, moft authors agree in making it fo. In fhort, it feems to be a very general fpecies, varying, as all birds do, with the climate. Le grand Duc de Virginie, Brif. orn. is po 484. N° 2. VIRGINIAN Horned-owl, E/lis’s H. Bay, p. 40. t. 2. E. O. Great Horned-owl from Virginia, Edw. ii. t. 60. Great Owl, Am. Zool, N° Lev. Muf. IZE of the common Eagle-owl. The ear-feathers are large, and arife juft above the bafe of the bill, which is black: the irides gold-colour: parts above brown, variegated with flender rufous and cinereous lines: beneath, of a pale afh-colour, tran{f~ verfely ftriped with brown: the throat is white: lower part of the neck and fides of the breaft are orange-brown, {potted with _a darker brown: the middle part of the breaft, the belly, and other parts beneath, are of a pale afh-colour, firiated with brown: the quills and tail banded with the fame. The legs and half the toes covered with cinereous feathers : claws horn-colour. DEscRIPTION> This bird came from Virginia. M. de Buffon * fays that it is a mere variety of the firft fpecies, differing only in the pofition of the ear-like tufts of feathers. * Haft. des Oif, 1. Pe 339. Car OCT 120 3s SCANDINA- VIAN E. O. Descriprion. PLACE. Ae CEYLONESE E. O. DescRIPTION. PLACE. Strix Scandiaca, Liz. Sy/t. p. 132. N° 2. ——-—-— Faun. Juec. p. 24. N° 70. Le grand Duc de Lapponie, Bri/. orz. i. p. 486. N° 3. Ti NN US defcribes this as being of the fize of a Turkey. The body whitifh, fpotted with black. It is fo very like the Great Snowy Owl, N° 17, that, were it not for the ear-like feathers, one would fuppofe it the fame bird *. This bird inhabits the mountains of Lapland. M. de Buffon + thinks it to be only a variety of the former ones; the white co- lour arifing from the mere coldaefs of the climate, as is frequently the cafe in other birds. Great Ceylonefe Horned-owl, Broeun’s I]. Zool. p. 8. t. 4. HIS is in length one foot eleven inches, and weighs two pounds nine ounces and three quarters. ‘The bill is horn- colour: irides yellow: parts above of a pale reddifh brown; beneath yellowifh white {: circles round the face of a pale red- difh brown, ftreaked with black: the ears are fhort and pointed: prime quills and tail barred with black, white, and pale red: legs naked to the knees. It is a native of Ceylon, and called there Raia Alla. * I do not find that Lizzeus has feen it, but defcribed it from a painting of Rudbeck. + Hift. des Oi/. i. p. 338. t According to the plate, each feather feems to be ftreaked down the fhaft with black, and has four or five dufky bars on each fide of it. Strix Strix Otus, Lin. Syf. p. 132. N° 4. ———— Scop. Aun. i. p. 18. Le Moyen Duc, ou Le Hibou, Bri. orz. i. p. 486. N° 4. a ee Buf. otf. is p. 342. t. 225 ee Pl. eal. 29. Otus, Afio, Rai Syz. p. 25. N° A. z. The Horn-owl, Will. orn. p. 100.— Albin. vol, ii. t. 10. Rothe Kautzlein, Fri/ch. t. gg. L’Hibou appellé Canot, Hift. de la N. France, par Charlev. iii. p. 5, 6. Long-eared Owl, Br. Zool. N° 65. Lev. Muf. THE leneth of this fpecies is fourteen inches and an half. The bill is black: irides bright yellow: the eared tufts confift of fix feathers; thofe which furround the face are white forwards, and rufous on the back-part; and thefe two colours are feparated by a dark ftreak: the colours in general are brown, rufous, and whitifh mixed, on the upper parts of the body: be- neath, the feathers are rufous at the bafe, and whitifh at the tip, longitudinally and tranfverfely ftreaked with black brown : tail- feathers marked with dufky and reddifh bars; beneath, afh- coloured: the legs feathered down to the toes: claws black. This is a bird of Europe, and is far from uncommon, either in France or England. M. de Buffon* obferves that thefe birds fel- dom are at the pains of making a neft for themfelves, for the moft part making ufe of an old Magpie’s or Buzzard’s nett. They lay, for the moft part, four or five eggs. Their young are at firft white, but come to their colour in about fifteen days. © H. des Oif, i. po 345. R Neither Y2X + LONG- EARED O. DESCRIPTION» 122 5. Var. A. ITALIAN E. O. DEscRIPTION. 6. AMERICAN E. O. DascriPrTione oO WwW Neither this, nor any of the other Owls, bear captivity, if the old birds are taken; whoever, therefore, may be defirous of keeping them, muft train them up from the neft. Le Hibou d’Italie, Brif. orz. i. pe 491. N°4. A. Afio five Otus, A/drov. Av. i. p. 519. t. in 523. HIS differs in being a trifle bigger. The head is afh-co- loured, mixed with pale chefnut and black: the body ferruginous afh-colour, fpotted with brown, the fpots of feveral fizes: the belly varied with longitudinal pointed brown {pots : the coverts and bend of the wings white: the tail reaches fix inches beyond the wings when clofed, and is marked with zig- zag black lines: the bill, irides, and legs much as in the other. Inhabits J¢aly, and is a variety of the laft-mentioned. Le Hibou d’Amerique, Brif- orz. i. p. 498. N° 7. Bubo ocro cinereus, pectore maculofo, Feuzlle’s Fourn. des OL/. Phif. P- 59. ed. 1725. ee GIZE of the laft. The bill is luteous: iris gold-colour: {pace round the eyes afh-colour: the head and upper parts are ci- nereous ; the under parts ferruginous: rump and vent white, fpotted with black: quills and tail ferruginous, tranfverfely barred - with cinereous and grey: legs yellow: claws black. M. de Buffon fappofes it to be a variety of the two laft, giving: this reafon, that though the fhades be different, yet the common: diftribution of the colours is the fame. inhabits South America, L’Hibou oO WL, L’Hibou du Mexique, Brif. ortte i. p. 499. N° ge Tecolotl, Raii fy. p. 160. HIS bird, according to M. Briffon, after Mr. Ray, differs from the others, in having only two colours in the plumage, viz. black and brown. The eyes are large, and of a gold-colour. It is faid to refemble the other Horned Owls in colour, but the fize is not mentioned. Inhabits Mewico. Strix Afio, Liz. Sy. 1. p. 132. N° 3. Le Petit Duc de la Caroline, Brif. orm. i. po 497. N° 6. Little Owl, Catefo. Car. i. te 7. Red Owl, 4m. Zool. N° Br. Muf. Lev. Muf A CCORDING to Catefby, it is the fize of a Jackdaw: M. Briffon mentions it’s being about one third bigger than the Scops. The bill and iris are both of a faffron-colour: parts above ferruginous : beneath dirty white, with a mixture of rufous brown: tail deep brown: edge of the baftard wing whitifh: on the fcapulars are five largifh fpots of white: quills marked with fome {pots of white: legs covered to the toes with light brown feathers: the toes are brown: the claws black. The female differs in being brown-in colour, without any mix- ture of rufous or ferruginous. M. de Buffon feems to think this a variety of the Long-eared Owl, and that of South America, N° 6; but this does not feem Re clear 123 7 MEXICAN E. O.- DESCRIPTION. PLACE. DeEscrRIPTIONe 124 Oo W L. clear to me, as, on examination of the two firft, they do not bear refemblance; as to the laft-mentioned, I never faw it, muft therefore be filent on that head. Short-eared Owl, Br. Zool, N° 66. t. 31. Strix brachyotos, Phil. Tran/. vol. Ixii. p. 384. N° 2. Short-eared Owl, Amer. Zool. N° Br. Muf. Lev. Mu/f. Descriptions "THE length of this bird is fourteen inches: breadth three feet : weight fourteen ounces. The bill is dufky: irides yellow: the circle of feathers which furrounds the eyes is white; clofe to the eyes black ; the outer edge black and tawny mixed: it has one feather longer than the reft on the head, which it can erect at will. The feathers on the upper part of the body are brown, with pale dull yellow edges; thofe beneath of a pale yellow, longitudinally ftreaked with brown: the thighs to the toes are feathered, and of a yellowifh colour: the tail is brown; the four middle feathers have a brown fpot, encircled with yellow, oneach fide thefhaft : the tip is white. Mr. Pennant fays further, that it is a bird of paflage, vifiting us in OGober, and retiring in Spring ; and adds, that it’s probable fummer retreat is Norway. Dr. Forfter, in the Phil. Yranf. above quoted, fays it is called Moufe Hawk in Hudfon’s Bay, where it is found, as well as in Europe. ‘This name may well arife from two circumftances; the firft, frona the head being fmaller than in moft Owls; fecondly, that the ears do not appear, nay, are often difficult to find, in the dead bird; for which reafons it may well be miftaken for a 9 Hawk. OW L. Hawk. It’s food is mice, watching them with the fedulous at- tention of a domeftic Cat. It is alfo obferved to be a bird of pafflage in thofe parts. I have frequently met with it in Kent. M. de Buffon * feems to think that this bird is the Scops, than which no two of the fpecies differ more. We have not the Scops in England, neither do I think the above-defcribed bird to be an inhabitant of France. Yt would therefore have appeared candid in the above-mentioned author, to have fufpended his opinion of the matter till he had been better informed, as he feems to bear fomewhat hard upon Mr. Pennant, who, I am clear, is the firft who has defcribed it. Le Hibou du Brefil, Bri/. orz. i. p. 499. N° 8. Cabure, ou Caboure, Buf. of. i. p. 333> Noctua Brafilienfibus Cabure dita, Raii Syz. p. 26, N° 7. Cabure, Will, orn. p. 107. N° 8. IZE of a Thrufh. Bill yellowifh: iris yellow: under the eyes, and the fides of the bill, befet with long brown hairs : the body is of a pale ferruginous brown above, fpotted with white: about the ears the fame: beneath it is whitifh, marked with pale ferruginous brown fpots: tail the fame, waved with white: the wings reach very little beyond the origin of the tail : the legs are fhort, and feathered to the toes, with yellowith fea- thers: the toes are yellow: claws black. Inhabits Bra/fil. * Hit, des Oif, vol. i. p. 353. note (a.) ; M. de 135 10. BRASILIAN E. QO. DESCRIPTION. 126 Il. + MOTTLED E. O. N. S. DeEscRIPTION. OL Wy T. M. de Buffon fuppofes this bird to be the fame with that fften- tioned by Kolben* in his hiftory of the Cape; and adds from Marc- grave, that it is eafily tamed; that it will play with any one like a Monkey ; that it can turn it’s head quite round, fo that its bill quite touches the back, and frequently pus itfelf into very droll attitudes, (9c. Mottled Owl, Cat. N. Amer. anim. p.9.? —-—Am. Zool. N° Lev. Muf. ‘THE length of this fpecies is eight inches and a half. The bill is brown: irides yellow: the plumage on the upper parts of the body is of a grey colour, mottled with ferruginous and black: the fhaft of each feather is black, with three or four waved bars of the fame on each fide: thefe marks are the fame, but more diftinét, beneath, where the ground colour is paler: the feathers round the face are tipped with black, as are the fea- thers of the breaft alfo: the ears are an inch or more in length: the legs are feathered to the toes: the claws are brown. Inhabits North America. * Kelben obferves, that at the Cape of Good Hope there are a great quantity of Owls, of the fame fize with thofe of Europe, which are partly red and partly black, with a mixture of grey, which renders them very beautiful, and that the Europeans there let them run tame about their houfes, to clear them of Rats. See Hif?. Cap. vol. iii. p. 198, 199. From the circumftance of their being eafily tamed, as thofe are at Braf/, and being nearly in the fame latitude, he thinks it pofible that they may be, in fact, varieties of the fame fpecies. Little « Oo W L. Little Hawk Owl of Ceylon, Znd. Zool, N° 3. HE length is feven inches. The bill is dufky, furrounded with long briftles: the circle of feathers furrounding the eyes pale afh; externally of a pale brown: the horns or ears arife at the bafe of the bill, and point towards the fides of the head : the head itfelf deeper brown: the back dufky : wing-coverts grey, marked with narrow lines of black, pointing downwards: the quills are regularly barred with black and white: the breaft is buff-coloured, marked with fmall fagittal black fpots: legs feathered half way down: the naked parts of a reddifh yellow. This fpecies is defcribed and figured by Mr. Pennant, in his Indian Zoology ; who informs us that it inhabits Ceylon, and is called there Bakkamena. Strix Giu, Scop. 42.1. p. 19. N°g. Mald Uufil, Kram. Elen. p. 323. N° 3. HIS is in fize about that of the Little Owl. The ears in the dead bird are not to be difcovered: the irides are yellow: the noftrils are very near together, being divided as it were only by a line: the colour of the body is a whitifh afh, variegated with fpots and tranfverfe ftrie of a blackifh colour: fix of the prime quills are {potted with whitifh on one fide: tail brownifh, and fpotted likewife, This 127 12. INDIAN 135, (05s DESCRIPTION. 13. CARNIOLIC E. O. DescriPTioNne 128 PLace AND MANnNERSe 14. YAICKAN E. O. DEscRIPTIONe ow L This inhabits the colder parts of Carniola, in the woods. It makes its neft in the clefts of rocks, and in hollow trees; lays from two to four eggs; the old one feeds the young birds with the May Beetle *, as the wing-cafes are often found near their nefts. ; Kramer fays it is the fize of a Blackbird, and is exactly the fame colour as the Goat-fucker, or Wry-neck; and adds, that it feeds on fmall birds; is called at Bologna by the name of Gity and is not common. This is certainly not the Scops, as both Scopoli and Kramer ex- prefsly mention the contrary. Stryx deminuta, Pall. Trav. vol. ii. p. 707. N° 14. N fize it is under the Scops, and very different from it in ap- pearance. It’s weight is lefs than a pound. It is fo like the Bubo, or firft fpecies, that, excepting the plumage being lefs elegant and diftinét, one defcription might ferve. It is found both in the woody and mountainous parts border- ing on the Faick, and Ural mountains in Siberia. © Scarabeus Melolontha, Liz. Scop. Strix Ow L. Strix Scops, Lin. Sy. 1. p. 132. N° 5. Le petit Duc, Bri. orn. i. p. 495. N° 5. t. 37. f. te Le Scops, ou petit Duc, Buf cif. i. p. 353. t. 240 SS —-— PI, enl. 436. Scops Aldrovandi, Raii fyn. p. 25, N° 3- Little Horn-owl, Will. orn. p. 101. t. 12+ 77 HIS elegant fpecies meafures in length feven inches and a quarter. The bill is black: irides yellow: the whole of the bird is variegated with grey, rufous, brown, and blackifh 3; on the upper parts the brown predominates, on the under parts the grey: quills tranfverfely barred with rufous white: the ears con- fift only of one feather each: legs covered to the toes with rufous grey feathers, {potted with brown: the toes and claws are like- wife brown. M. de Buffon obferves, that the two fingle feathers which com- pofe the ears are very fhort, and are with difficulty difcovered in the dead bird, as well as not fufficiently apparent to diftinguifh this from the Little Owl without ears, at a diftance. It differs much in colour from age or fex ;—when young, it is wholly of a grey colour; and among the older ones, fome are browner than others: the colour of the iris likewife keeps pace with the above circumftances, being of a pale yellow in the young birds, ‘and either of a deeper yellow, or hazel, in the old ones. Thefe birds are common in many parts of Europe, on the con- tinent, but have not hitherto been obferved in England. In France they arrive and depart much about the fame time with the Swallow. At certain times they wage war with the Field Mice, which have been known to multiply in fome years fo much, as S) to 129 15. SCOPS.. EH. O. Description. OBSERVATION: Piace anb Manners. 130 16. SIBERIAN E. O. Pl. V. fig. 1. DrscRIPTION: O W L. to become an heavy fcourge to thofe parts which they infeft, eating up all the corn. On this occafion it has happened, that thefe Owls have arrived in large troops, and have attacked thofe depredators fo fuccefsfully, as to deftroy the whole of them in a fhort time*. ° Stryx Pulchella, Pallas Trav. vol. i. p. 456. N° 8. Strix capite aurito, € Gente fua minima, &c. Nov. com. ac. Petrop. vol. xv. Pp. 490. t. 26. f. 4. Lev. Muf. 7 His fpecies well deferves the name given to it by Dr. Pallas, as it is a moft beautifully pencilled bird. I fhould think it the leaft of all the fpecies hitherto known, being in length only Jix inches +; if any thing, rather lefs: the weight very little more than one ounce. The head is lefs tumid than in the paferina, and fmaller in proportion, and above all, is remarkably eared. The bill is brown: the irides of a pale yellow: the eared fea- thers above one inch in Iength: the circle of feathers which fur- rounds the eyes is {mall, and above the eyes fcarcely perceivable ;. towards the eyes is a white fpot: the body above is cinereous, delicately powdered and undulated: the fhaft of each feather brown; beneath whitifh, with broad black fhafts, and fcattered * A remark of the fame kind is mentioned by Dale, after Childrey, to this. purport: ‘‘In the year 1580, at Hallontide, an army of mice fo over-run the marfhes near South, Minfer, that they eat up the grafs to the very roots; but at length a great number of ftrange painted Owls came and devoured all the mice.. The like happened in Efex in 1648.”” Dale, Harwich, app. p. 397. note 2. Thefe muft have been one of our Eared Owls above-mentioned, and not-the- Scops, as M. de Bujfon thinks. + The Peterfourgh Tranfactions fay above nine inches. 10 here Z. AS ibertan. (6) WwW rs here and there with elegant variegated tranfverfe bars of the fame colour: the wings are fafciated and powdered; the firft of the prime quills ferrated on the outer edge, fome of them fpotted with white on the outer edges; tips black: the tail and wings are equal in length: the tail is rounded at the end, of the fame colour with the body, and obfoletely fafciated with white: the fhins are feathered, and marked with undulated ftrie, as the reft of the body, the toes only being naked, which are of a pale co- lour: the claws brown.—So far Pallas’s general defcription. The {pecimen I allude to in the Leverian Mufeum, | am pretty clear, is the fame bird above defcribed, but it is only fix inches in length. In this the whole plumage is very foft and delicate, imitating that of the Wry-neck. It is delicately powdered, as Pallas exprefies it to be, with ferruginous and black, but about the fides of the neck the whole has a ferruginous tinge: tail of a dark brown, barred with ferruginous and grey: the ears are full an inch long, of the fame delicate mixture of colour with the body, and appear to confift of more feathers than one *: the wings feem to be a trifle longer than the tail; but, as the fpecimen is a dried one, it is probable this circumftance may have been occafioned by the operator who put it in attitude. This came from Gidraltar, but whether native there or not was not certain. According to Dr. Pallas, this bird inhabits the more fouthern parts of the Volga, Samara, and Faick; he fays likewife that it is eften found about inhabited places, as well as in woods. In the Peterfburgh Tranfactions, it is faid to be found near that city. * This circumftance could not be afcertained, the bird being fixed in a glazed ~ cafe. The defcription in the Peterfo. Tran/ac. {ays they are ten in number. S 2 * * WITH Pace. 138 132 17. SNOWY. O. DzscriPTioNne ®* With SMOOTH HEADS. Strix nyctea, Lin. Syf. i. p. 132. N° 6. -— Scop. Ann. i. p. 206 4 Le Chathuant de la Baye de Hudfon, Bri/. orn. i. p. A Ne 3. Le Harfang, Buf. o:/. 1. p. 387. Pl. enl. 458. Hibou blanc d’Iflande, dud. Hij?. a’, &F Gro. i. p. 85. tet *e Great White Owl, Edw. il. t. 61. Snowy Owl, 4m. Zool. N° ~ Br. Muf. Lev. Muf. ———= R. EDWARDS’s defcription is the one from whence the others are taken; who fays, that it rather exceeds the Great Eagle Owl in fize, but the head is not fo big in proportion. The bill in this fpecies is black, and almoft hid in the feathers: the irides yellow: the whole plumage is white as fnow, but the upper part of the head is marked with fmall brown fpots, and the upper-part of the back tranfverfely marked with narrow lines ' of brown, as are the fides under the wings, but lighter: the quills are white, fpotted alfo with brown, as are the tail-feathers, except the outer ones, which are of a pure white: the legs are covered to the toes with white feathers: the claws are black. This fpecies is fometimes feen quite white, and is found in the northern parts of both Europe and America; in Sweden, Iceland, and Hud/on’s Bay, and fometimes, though rarely, in Pen/fylvania. In America we are told that it continues the whole year; that it preys by day as well as night. It’s chief food is the Ptarmigan, called in North America the White Partridge. * The figure incorre. Stri trix OW L. Strix nebulofa, PS. Tran/. vol. Ixii. p. 4246 Grey Owl, o-—-———_ p, 386, Barred Owl? 4m. Zool. N° Br. Muf. Lev. Muf- THIS is a large bird, being not much inferior in fize to the laft.—According to Dr. Forfter, who has given a defcrip- tion in the Philofophical Tranfaétions above quoted, it weighs three pounds; is in length fixteen inches, and in breadth four feet. The bill is of a pale afh-colour: the irides yellow: the fore part of the feathers which furround the face are plain light afh: the back parts a little fpotted with brown: the head, neck, breaft, back, and wing-coverts, brown, fpotted with white, but, on a narrow infpection, each feather is marked with three or four “alternate bars of brown and white : the head, neck, and breaft, have moft white in them, and the other parts abound moft in brown: the greater quills are barred with lighter and deeper brown, and on the outer edges of fome of them are white or very pale fpots, in place of the light brown: the fecondaries are alternately banded with paler and deeper brown, the darker brown occupying moft fpace: tail banded brown and whitifh, the tip of the laft colour : belly and vent dirty white; the firft with longitudinal ferruginous brown ftreaks ; the laft tranfverfely barred with the fame colour : the legs are pale, and feathered to the claws, which are brown. Inhabits Hudfon’s Bay.—The above was defcribed from a fpe- cimen in my own poffeffion, which meafured twenty-one inches in length *.—Dr. Forfter, I believe, is the firft who has mentioned it. Br. Muf. * Str A. Lever’s {pecimen differs from mine, in having the bars in the tail _ More numerous, and the fpots on the upper parts of the body of a larger fize, 9 ‘ and DiscrRipTion. PLAcs. 134 19. CINEREOUS O N.S. Dsscrierion. 20. ~ ALUCO Oo WwW L. Br. Mu. / eons! twenty inches: about the fize and bulk of the laft. Bill whitifth: the circle of feathers furrounding the face is black clofe ta the eye, over the eye palifh,-and juft at the bill whitifh: each feather, for the moft part, is of an afh- colour, and croffed with feveral lines of black; the feathers which terminate the circle are alfo tipped with black, mixed with buff-colour; by this means the eye appears placed in the middle of alternate circles of black and afh-colour: the plumage on the upper parts of the body is mottled with afh-colour and black : thighs the fame, but paler, croffed with diftiné brown lines: the wings and upper parts of the body are inclined to brown, and on the quills are mottled bars of afh-colour: legs feathered to the toes: claws dufky. The whole bird appears as if foiled with light foot-colour. Inhabits Hudfon’s Bay. Strix Aluco, Zia. Sy/. is pe 132. N° 7. ————— Scop. Aun. i. p. 20. N° 4. La Hulote, Brif orn. i. p. 507. N° 3. La Hulotte, Buf off. 1. p. 358. —— Pl. ent. 441. iG Grave-Eule, Frifch. t. 94. Aldrovandus’s former Aluco, Will. orm p. 104. t. 13? INN AUS feems here to be at crofs-purpofes, as he quotes, after the above fynonyms, the Fauna Suecica, N° 72; which plainly refers to the White or Barn Owl ; as alfo the Br. Zool. folio and a pure white: it is full as long as my bird, and is probably of the fame fex; and that mentioned by Dr. For/ter, from its being fo much lefs, may perhaps prove the oppofite. O W L. folio t. B. 1. or Brown Owl of Pennant, N° 69: however, I be- lieve he really means the Aluco of Aldrovandus; if fo, the de- {cription runs thus, according to M. de Buffon : The head is large: the eyes furrounded with greyifh feathers : iris blackifh, or rather of a deep brown or hazel: bill yellowith- white or greenifh: body above of a deep iron-grey, marked with both black and whitifh fpots: beneath white, with both tranf- verfe and longitudinal black marks: tail above fix inches. long: the wings reach a little beyond it: extent of the wings three feet: legs covered to the toes with white feathers, marked with fmall black fpots: the firft quill-feather is two or three inches fhorter than the fecond; the fecond fhorter by one inch than ‘the third; and the longeft of all are the fourth and fifth: whereas. in the White Owl, the fecond and third are the longeft, and the firft fhorter than thefe by only one inch. Length of the bird fifteen inches. To this Briffon adds, that the tail is barred with rufo-cinereous ~ and black. This Owl keeps, during the fummer-time, wholly in woods, in hollow trees. In winter it fometimes approaches habitations. It lives on field and other mice, which it fwallows whole. When thefe fail, it has recourfe to barns, where it catches both rats and. mice ; returning to the woods to pafs the day, perched on fome decayed branch in the thickeft receffes; during which it refts without changing place. It is faid to lay four eggs, about the fize of thofe of a Hen, and of a dirty grey colour; and, like the Greater Horn-owl, makes ufe of the old nefts of the Buzzard, Keftril, Crow, or Magpie, for this purpofe. This is an Euro- pean bird, but is not, as far as I can learn, an inhabitant of England. Strix: wy Discretion MANNERS» Sa. 136 216 AUSTRIAN O. DEscRIPTION~ Prack. 22. AUSTRIAN WHITE O. DESCRIPTION. 236 AUSTRIAN RUFOUS O. DESCREPTIONe OW L Strix fylveftris, Scop. dan. i. p. 21. N° 13. IZE of aCock. Bill yellowith: irides glaucous: the circle of feathers furrounding the face is whitifh, beginning at the bafe of one ear, and paffing over the forehead to the bafe of the other, having an elegant appearance: the body variegated with white and brown. Inhabits Carniola. Scopot fappofes it to be that in Kram. Llench. p. 324. N°7. Strix alba, Scop. Ann. p. zt. N° 14. LMOST as big as an Hen. The bill is white: the body above fpotted with rufous and grey ; beneath wholly white : circle of the face encompaffed with a rufous margin, which makes it appear very beautiful : tail tipped with white. Na Strix nottua, Scop. Aum. p. 22. N° 15. IZE of a Dove. Irides yellow: colour of the plumage pale rufous, longitudinally marked with brown fpots. Inhabits Carniola: very plenty in the woods about Laubach. Strix Oo WwW LL. Strix rufa, Scop. dam. i. p. 22. N° 16. IZE of the laft. Irides blueifh: body ferruginous, {potted with brown. Inhabits the woods of Idria. For thefe four we are indebted to Scopol ; upon whofe fole authority I place them here as diftiné&t fpecies; for I can by no means reconcile them to thofe of any other author. Upon the authority of it’s author likewife, will reft the following. Ulula five No&ua minor Dorfo ferrugineo, Ventre albido, Salern. orn. p. 56. AR. SALERNE mentions an Owl which was fome years fince fent him from Sologne, which he thought different from any yet defcribed. It weighed half a pound; the length was fifteen inches, and the breadth three feet. The bill fhort: the upper mandible blackifh, and the tongue cloven: top of the head, and outer circle of the feathers of the face, rufous and white mixed; about the bill, and clofe to the eyes, more inclined to white: the upper part of the body blackifh brown, with a mix- ture of fulvous: tail fix inches long: the belly, under the wings, and tail white, croffed with blackifh towards the outer edge of the tail-feathers : legs and thighs fhort, and feathered to the toe, which were of an horn-colour. X. ; T Strix 13/7 24e AUSTRIAN FERRUGINOUS oO. Description. 256 SOLOGNESE O. DeEscRIPTION. DsscRIPTION. MANNERS. Strix fammea, Liz. ff. i. p. 133. N° 8. Le petit Chathuant, Brif. orz. i. p. 503. N° 2. L’Effraie, ou Le Frefaie, Buf. cif. i. p. 366. t. 26. Pl. enl. 440, 474. Aluco minor Aldrovandi, Raiifyz. p.25. A. 1. , Common Barn, or White Owl, Will. orn. Pp» 104. t. 13% Schlever Eule, Perl Eule, Frifch. t.97.—Kramer, p: 324. N? cy White Owl, Br. Zool. N° 67.—Albizx. vol. ii. t. 11. Amer. Zool. N° 1. Br. Muf. Lev. Muf. HTS bird is fo. well known, as fcarcely to need the fhorteft defcription, did not our plan of giving an account of every: {pecies render it neceffary. Mr.. Pennant fays that the ufual weight is eleven ounces; the- length fourteen inches; breadth three feet. The circle of fea- thers round the eyes is white: the upper parts of the body, the: coverts, and fecondaries, pale yellow :: on each fide of the thaft. are two. grey and two white fpots placed alternate: outer fides. of the quills yellow, the inner white; marked on each fide with: four black fpots: beneath wholly white :. interior fides of the- tail-feathers white; the exterior marked with obfcure. dufky- bars: legs feathered to the feet, which are covered with fhort: hairs: edge of the middle claw ferrated. The manners of this bird are known to every farmer; whofe: barns fupply them with food, and under whofe protection they live. Their food is only mice. I have received a fpecimen of this from Famaicg; no ways differing from that of England. Sw Strix - OW tL. ‘Strix ftridula, Lin. #7. i. p. 133. N° a. -— Scop. Ann. i. p. 22.N° 12. Le Chathuant, Brif. orn. i. p. 500. N° rf. Buf. cif. i. p. 362. te 26 ——— PI. enl. 437. Strix Aldrov. Razi fyn. p. 25. Common Brown, or Ivy Owl, Wi. orn. p. 102. t. 146 Braune, oder ftock Eule, Frifch. t. 96. the male. Gelblicke, oder brand Eule, D° t. 95. the female. Brown Owl, Albin. vol. i. t.9- Tawny Owl, Br. Zool. N° 68.—Am. Zool. N° Br. Muf. Lev. Muf. HE length of this fpecies is fourteen inches; breadth two feet eight inches; weight of the female nineteen ounces. The head, back, wing-coverts, and fcapulars, of a fine tawny-red, ele- gantly fpotted and powdered with black or dufky {pots of va- rious fizes: on the coverts and fcapulars feveral large white {pots : tail-coverts of a plain tawny-colour: the tail itfelf vari- oufly blotched, barred, and {potted with pale red and black; in the two middle feathers the red predominates: the breaft and belly are yellowifh, mixed with white, and marked with narrow black ftrokes, pointing downwards: legs feathered down to the toes.. This is Mr. Penunant’s defcription, who adds, that the iri- des are dufky. MM. de Buffon fays they are blueifh, and thofe of the White Owl yellow *. The male is darkeft in colour. * I fancy this author means, that the feathers which immediately furround the eyes are yellow, which is the cafe ; for I do not remember to have feen this kind of Ow! with yellow irides. Thi It 139 Descriprrone 140 Pracs. = BROWN DESCRIPTION. O W L. It keeps altogether in woods, where it is found the whole year. This fpecies is found throughout Europe, and in America like- wife, even in the hotter parts, as. it has been received from Sr. Domingo, at leaft a trifling variety, havine the breaft and belly rufous, and fcarcely fpotted at all, as alfo the colours on the upper parts of the body of a deeper catft. } Strix ulula, Liz. Sy/?. i. p. 133. N° 10. La Grande Chouette, Brif orn. i. p. 511. N° 4. La Chouette, ou Grande Chevéche, Buf. oif. i. p. 372. t. 27% —— ——— — -— — ~~ —— —— PP). enl. 438. Stein Eule, Fri/ch. t. 98. Great Brown Owl, /biz. iil. t..7: Grey Owl, Wills orn. p. 103? Brown Owl, Br. Zool. N° 69? Br. Muf. Lev. Mu/. HIS bird, by M. de. Buffon’s defcription, appears. to be much lefs than the laft,. and. eafily diftinguifhed from it by the irides, which are yellow; whereas. in the other they are blueifh: the feathers encircling the eyes are white, as:in the Barn Owl; which is more like this than any other, both of them having fome yellow on the belly, and both being of. nearly the fame fize; but. this Owl is in general much browner than the Barn Owl, and marked with fpots, both larger and of a greater length, tending to a point in thape more like the fame of a candle, while the fpots in the Barn Owl are rounded like drops; whence the name of Noéfua guttata; and with as great propriety Oo Wi 7. propriety this has been called Flammeata. The legs too are bet- ter clothed with feathers, and the bill quite brown, being in the Barn Ow] whitifh, with the tips only brown. The female is paler than the male. M. de Buffon {eems.acquainted with this bird, and fays it does. not frequent woods in the manner of the laft {pecies; for the moft part inhabiting rocks and quarries; feldom or never being feen in woods: that it is confiderably lefs than the laft, being only ele- ven inches-from the tip of the bill to the end of the claws. From it’s being likened by the above author to the Barn Ow], by it’s having yellow irides, by it’s being fo much lefs in fize, and frequenting cavernous and rocky places rather than foretts, it fhould feem to.be quite adifferent bird from the Brown Owl de- fcribed by Mr. Pennant, N° 69, notwith{tanding fome of the fy- nonyms are the fame with both thofe of Linuzus and Buffon. Mr.. Pennant {ays that the bird he means agrees with the Tawny Owl entirely in the markings, differing only in colour ;_his bird:having the head, wines, and back, of a deep brown, fpotted with black,. as in the other: wings, fcapulars, and quills, the fame: the breaft of a pale afh, mixed with tawny, and marked with oblong jagged fpots: the feet too feathered to the claws: the circle of the face. afh-coloured, fpotted with. brown. He likewife fays that they both inhabit woods.. ‘This author does. not, mention the irides in his defcription, but fays that thofe of the Tawny. Owl are dufky. I have in my collection two Wood Owls, both not much differ- ing in the general markings, but one of them much inclining to tawny, where the other is brown: both of thefe had the eyes of a blue black, as MZ, de, Buffon exprefles thofe of the Tawny.Ow! to ber 142 29) CANADA DEscRIPTIONe oO W L. ‘be; I therefore fate them down as varieties only of the fame fpecies, or at leaft different in fex. If the cafe be not fo, I am not at all clear about the two Owls mentioned by Mr. Pennant, as he cer- tainly would not have omitted the circumitance of the yellow irides, had it ever come before him. As I therefore have it not in my power to {fettle this matter to my withes, I mutt leave it to future naturalifts, to whom a better opportunity of invefti- gating the matter may chance to offer itfelf. According then to M. de Buffon, the following are thus diftinguifhed: The Hulotée, N° 20, has black irides; the Chathuant, N° 27, blue ones; thofe of the Effraie, or Barn Owl, N° 26, orange; and the Grand Chevéche, N° 28, of a fine yellow, with the bill brown; the Chevéche, or Little Owl, N° 40, having pale yellow irides, and a brown and orange bill. Strix funerea, Lin. Sy/f. i. p.133- N° ut. Le Chathuant de Canada, Brif. orz. i. p. 518. N° 6. t. 37. f. 2. La Chouette, ou Grande Chevéche de Canada, Buf. oi/. i. p. 391. N° ge Canada Owl, Amer. Zool. N° Lev. Muf. BRISSOWN defcribes this bird in the following manner: — Length thirteen inches. The bill whitifh: irides yellow: the body brown above, {potted with white: head on the upper part black, with white dots: breaft and belly whitith, croffed with tranfverfe linear fafcize: greater quills {potted on each fide the fhaft with white; five of the inner ones not fpotted: the tail marked with narrow whitifh bands; the two middle fea- thers whitith at the tip. M. de Oo wW L.. WM. de Buffon remarks, that it is every way like the laft fpe- eies, except the breaft, which is fafciated. M. Briffon has likewife comprifed both under the name of La grand Chouette, vol. vi. App: p. 31. Notwithftanding whofe opi- nions, Dr. Forfter mentions it as a diftinét fpecies, by name of Cabeticuch, or Cabaducutch, and fays it anfwers exactly to the de- fcription of Linnzus. — The male is largeft, the colour darker, and the fpots more diftinct than in the female. The weight is twelve ounces, length feventeen inches, and the breadth two feet. It inhabits Hud/on’s Bay, and has two young at one hatch- ing. Linneus mentions it in the Fauna Suecica, N° 75, as a bird be- longing to Sweden, and quotes the fame plate of Frifch in the- Fauna, as he does for the Ulula in the Syftema. Thefz birds then. cannot be much unlike. Tie Chathuant dela Baye de Hudfon, Brif. orm. i. p. 520. N° 7: Caparacoch, Buf. oi/. 1. p. 385. N° z. Little Hawk Owl, Edw. ii. t. 62. Hawk Owl, 4m. Zool. N° Lew, Mu/. - Little bigger than a Sparrow Hawk. Bill and irides orange: . A top of the head brown, fpotted with white: face white, fhaded with brown, .and furrounded with black: body above brown, the feathers with white edges; beneath white, tranfverfely barred with brown: rump dingy brown, banded with paler brown:. quills fpotted with white on the outer edge: tail banded with. white.:: 143 HAWK. DeEsCRIPTIONs. 144 Manweas. 31. MEXICAN O. ‘DeEscrIPTION. Oo W L. ‘white: wings and tail longer than in other Owls: legs feathered to the toes: claws blackith. This fpecies inhabits Hudfon’s Bay, where it feems to have taken the name of Hawk Owl, from having much of the air of the Hawk tribe, and preying by day; in that differing from moft of the Owl genus. i Mr. Edwards fays that it is a very bold bird, preying chiefly on the Ptarmigan, or White Partridge. it frequently attends the fportfman while on his excurfions with his gun, and will often, on a bird’s being fhot, carry it off, before any one elfe can pick it up. That in the Leverian Mujfeum is of 2 much larger fize than above-mentioned, perhaps differing in fex. Le Chathuant du Mexique, Brif. orn. i. p. 523. N°. Chichi&tli, Raii Syn. p. 160. HIS bird is very full of feathers, appearing as big as a Hen. The eyes are black: eyelids blue: the body wholly varied with fulvous, white, brown, and black: the legs feathered. This is the whole defcription of it found in Ray, from Fernandez *. Inhabits Mewico. © Hift, Nov. Hifpe p. 18. Cap. 18. La La Chouette du Mexique, Brif. orn. i. p. 524. N° 10. Tolchiquatli, Raiz Syz. p. 160. HIS too, like the laft, appears bigger than it really is, on account of it’s full plumage. The bill is black; feathers furrounding it white: irides pale yellow: body above variegated with black, pale yellow, white, and fulvous: belly white: under wing-coverts black, with a mixture of fulvous: legs wholly covered with pale fulvous feathers: claws black. This defcription is fomewhat fuller than the laft, but not fuf- ficient to determine the fpecies to the later writers, who have merely followed the words of Ray, who has defcribed both this and the laft after Fernandez*. Inhabits Mewzco. - La Chouette de Coquimbo, Brif. or. i. p. 525. N° ite Ululacunicularia, K/ein. Av. p.57. N° 9.—Feuill. Ob/. phy. p. 562. ed. 17 14. IZE of the Brown Owl. Bill pale grey: head, throat, neck, breaft, back, wings, and rump, fulvous grey, beautifully fpotted with white: belly and under tail-coverts dirty white: tail itfelf the fame, without any markings: wings, when folded, reach the end of the tail: legs covered with feathers like hairs: claws black. - This is an inhabitant of Chili, efpecially about Coquimbo. “M., Feuillée calls it the Rabbit Owl, from it’s frequenting the bur- * Hifi, N. Hip. p. 36. cap. 107, U rows 45 2. NEW SPAIN O. DascrRiPTioN. 3. coQiimBe O. DEscrIPTION, PLacs. 146 340 ST. DOMINGO O. DEsCRIPTION. 3 p CAYENNE oO. DeEscRIPTION. Ow L rows of thefe animals in the ground, or rather, according to him, making holes in the ground of itfelf. But this laft fa& M. de Buffon thinks is not clear: he fuppofes it to have great analogy, if not the fame with La grande Chevéche, or Brown Owl, N° 28. M. du Tertre* mentions an Owl, frequenting the iflands of America, which lays it’s eggs and hatches it’s young in holes in the ground; and fays it has a black and white plumage, and frequents mountainous parts. La Chouette, ou grande Chevéche de St. Domingue, Buf. oi/. i. p. 392. N°6. TH IS is more like the Brown Owl than any other; but. M. de Buffon thinks it a different fpecies from any yet de- fcribed. This has a more crooked, larger, and ftronger bill than any other. The belly is of a plain rufous colour, with a few longitudinal fpots on the breaft only; whereas the Chouette: of Europe has both the breaft and belly marked with great. brown flame-baped {pots. This was fent from St. Domingo. Le Chathuant de Cayenne, Buf. oi/. i. p. 30%. -——— Pi. enl. 442. I ZE of the Tawny Owl. Bill flefh-colour: irides yellow :: 1 feathers encircling the eyes. afh-colour; near the eye black : general colour rufous, ftriated, both above and beneath, with narrow tranfverfe waved brown lines: claws black. * Hift. des Assilles, vol. li. p. 2570. 5 @ This. Oo WL, This bird inhabits Cayenne, and, according to M. de Bujfon, is a new fpecies, not before defcribed. Stryx accipitrinus, PalJ. Voy. iii. 455. N° 6. 5. G. Gmelin, vol. ii. 162. t..9. IZE of the Brown Owl. Bill and irides citron-colour: the feathers encircling the face occupy lefs fpace than in moft Owls; thefe are white forwards, and incline to ferruginous behind, the outer circle varied with luteous and black: on the eyelid, behind, is a black fpot: the body on the upper parts in- clining to luteous ; beneath, of a luteous white, ftreaked longi- tudinally with blackifh ; between the legs fpotted with the fame: vent white: greater quills luteous; leffer ones white, teffellated with black: lower wing-coverts black at the tips: tail fhorter than the wings, rounded; whitifh on the fides, and tranfverfely banded with black: legs luteous, covered to the toes with white downy feathers. Inhabits the borders of the Ca/pian Sea. It feems fomewhat allied to the Hawk Owl of Edwards, N° 30, above-mentioned. ‘This I think poffible, from the lati- tudes of both places not differing much, and that more than one of our Owls are indigenous both to Europe and America, making a trifle of allowance for variation of climate. It is ikewife to be obferved, that it is called by Dr. Pallas, accipitrinus, or the Hawk Owl, | U2 Stryx 147 PLAceE. 36. CASPIAN O. DESCRIPTION» PLAcE, 148 Sis URA O. DESCRIPTION. PLACHe Stryx Uralenfis, Pall. Voy. i. 455. N° 7. Chouette a longue queue de Siberie, P/. ex/. 463? HE fize of this bird is not mentioned, only that it is very full of feathers. The bill is of the colour.of wax: eyelids. within, and irides, black: feathers furrounding the eyes cinere- ous, encircled with black and white feathers, and reaching quite from the forehead to the throat: the colour of the upper part. of the body not unlike that of the Aluco, N° 20, but paler, and. with fcarce any undulation on the feathers: the parts beneath, except a few very flender lines, are quite white: rump white: the outer edges of the three outer quills ferrated the whole of their length; the fourth and fifth are ferrated likewife,. but. only at the ends; the firft quill is the fhorteft: the tail is cuneiform, and longer in proportion than in the Aluco: the legs covered. “with dirty white down. I am much of opinion, that the bird. in the Planches enluminées, made fynonymous with this, may prove the fame, as the name perfectly agrees, being taken from the length of tail, which is fo defcribed in that above. In the Planches enluminées, the irides are yellow: face and cheeks whi-. tifh: head brown and white, mixed: upper parts of the body whitifh, fpotted with brown black; beneath the fame, with flen- der lines of brown: on the wings are four bars of brown; the greater quills barred irregularly with the fame: tail brown, pretty long, and marked with feveral flender bars of white: legs. feathered to thé claws, and of a pale colour. ; This is a native of Szberia. Lew. OW L. Lev. Muf. LE GTH feven inches. Bill brown: irides yellow: parts above of a light chocolate brown colour, with fpots of white on many of the feathers, but not regular: the feathers on the top of the head marked with a few palith fpots: thofe which, furround the eyes are of a pale ath; clofe to the eyes black, the outer part of the circle mixed with white: on the outer edges of the prime quills are four or five fpots of white on each; the outer edges of fome of the coverts and lefler quills are marked in the fame manner, and there appear a few white fpots alfo on the tail: the under parts, from the chin to - the middle of the belly, are of a dufky white, fomewhat inclined _to ferruginous about the neck: on the breaft and belly, each fea- ther is dafhed with ferruginous down the fhaft, extending on each fide of it: the legs are covered to the toes with feathers of a dirty buff-colour: the toes are brown. This defcription was taken from a bird in my poffeffion which came from North America. A drawing of this bird, lent to me by Captain Davies, makes it an inhabitant of Nova Scotia.. IZE ofthe Little Owl. Bill horn-colour, with a black tip: iris yellow: general colour fulvous; but the upper parts of the body are brown, fpotted with white, with a mixture of ful- vous: the under parts are fulvous, but the circle round the face is fomewhat. paler than the reft. Inhabits: 149 38. + ACADIAN oO. NE S37 Pl. V., fig. 2. DEsCRIPTION. Prace. 39- NEW ZEELAND: ans Orcae N. S. DEscRIPTIONs 150 PLACE. 40. «- LITTLE ° DESCRIPTION. OW L. Inhabits New Zeeland —I think Dr. Forfter, who mentioned the above fpecies to me, faid in Queen Charlotte’s Sound; but am not certain. Strix pafferina, Lin. Sy. p. 133. N° 12. —— Scop. Ann. i. p. 22. N° 17. La petite Chouette, Brif. orz. i. p. 514. N° se La Chevéche, ou petite Chouette, Buf. oi/. i. p. 377. t. 28. ————__-—- — PI. enl. 439. Noétua minor, Raii Syx. p. 26. N?6. ———— N.C. A. Peir. vol. xv. p. 447.t.12? Little Owl, Will. orn. p. 105. pl. 13. Kleinfte Kautzlein, Fri/ch. t. 100. Little Owl, Eda. glean. t. 228.—Albin. ii. t. 12. —-—-— Br. Zool. N° 70.—Am. Zool N° Br. Muf. Lev. Muf. ‘ HIS is a fmall fpecies, in length not much exceeding eight inches. The bill is blackifh, with a yellowith tip: irides pale yellow: head, back, and wing-coverts, brown, inclining to olive ; the firft and the laft fpotted with white: the circular feathers on | the face white, tipped with black: under parts of the body white, {potted with brown: the tail brown, tranfverfely barred with rufous on each fide the fhaft, and tipped with white. Mr. Pen- nant adds, that the tail is barred with white likewife, which is the « : cafe in a fpecimen of mine; fo we may fuppofe them to vary in — this circumftance: the legs are covered with rufous grey down: ~ the toes are brown, and the claws of a brownith colour. 4 MM. de Buffon mentions one which was fent him from S¢. Do- exingo, which varied in having lefs white on the throat, with brown Oo W L. | brown bands on the breaft inftead of longitudinal fpots ; alfo another variety from Germany, with black irides, and the whole plumage darker than common. WM. Frifch too has coloured his bird with dark blue irides: hence we may fuppofe them to be of a different colour, according to the various parts which they in- ) habit. Dr. Forfter * remarks that this bird is called by the natives of Hudfon’s Bay, Shipomos-pifb. M. de Buffon fays it is rare in France, in comparifon with the other Owls ; frequenting ruined edifices, and the like, rather than woods, in which laft it is feldom found. It makes it’s neft in the holes of rocks, old walls +, and the like, in the moft retired places, laying five eggs, {potted with white and a yellowith colour. It fees very well in the day-time, when it gives chace on the wing to Swallows and other fmall birds, though feldom is able to take them. It has better fuccefs with rats and mice; _ but cannot fwallow any of them whole, as the other Owls are ; cy - known to do; but, tearing them into morfels, eats the flefh only. a Tam not quite clear about the Noéua minor, referred-to in the ay: , Peterfourgh Tranfattions, as it is a foot in length, and the fize of the Wlula, or Tawny Owl; however it is there likened to this: oh. and it is farther mentioned, that the quills are varied with brown. hy > a ee ~and yellowith ; ‘that it has much yellow in the belly, and the : Uy mS chin white. nn! . Phil. Tranf. vol. xii. 7 Scopoli fays it builds,in chimnies in Carniola: perhaps it was the attempt to do this, that caufed two of them to come down two different chimnies in Exg- Ta _ tand, where they were taken, as mentioned by A&%. Edwards, in his account of this bird. See vol. v. pl. 228. hk da. Puacg AND) Manners. 152 - OU Wii Lt Ido not find any new fpecies of Ow/ the produce of the laft voyage to the South Seas. Some, indeed, have been brought home; but, as far as have come under my infpection, prove to be mere varieties of thofe defcribed before, viz. a fine variety of the Canada Owl, N° 29, the ground-colour of a fine chocolate-brown. This came from the Sandwich Iflands. I likewife obferve two flight varieties of the White Ow], N° 26 ;- the one rather larger, and the other a trifle fmaller than the Eu- _ ropean fpecies. Thefe came from the Southern Ocean with the other. I have remarked before, that the White Ow/ is an inhabitant of the hotter climates *, as well as the colder ones; and thefe being found in iflands of the Southern Ocean alfo, prove the circum- ftance not to be uncommon ; though nature, from having pro- — vided fuch warm clothing, feems to have intended them for the colder regions only. * Being found in Famaica. See page 138.—Alfo in Brafil. See Marcg. Nat. Hifi. Braf. p. 205, called the Tuidara. ORDER Ne ss G Pb mo { #53, 1 OrvperR II, PIE S, Genus IV. SHRIKE. . Fork-tailed crefted. . Fork-tailed. . Cheftnut-backed. . Great cinereous. Var. A. Var. B. . Louifiane. . Senegal. ; Collared. . Ferruginous-bellied. . Tabuan. . Pacific. Northern. Black-headed. . Short-tailed. . Rufous-tailed, . Red-backed. . Variegated. - Wood-chat, - Var. A, . Crefted red. . Hook-billed. N° 20 x oI 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 . Antiguan. . Luzonian. . Chinefe. . Barbary. . Madagafcar. . Bengal. . Jocofe. . Rock. Var. A. Leffler Rock. . White-wreathed. 29. Blue. 30.. Green. Br . Rufous. . 32. ‘White-headed, 33 34 “35 36 37 . White-billed. Var. A. Dominican. . Panayan. . Crefted. . Grey. Var. A, . Tyrant: Var. A. St. Domingo T. Var. B. 154 S Ue GE UR aE, - Var. .B. Caroline T. N° 43. White-fhouldered:. Var. C. Loutfiane FE, 44. Pied. N° 38: Black. 45. Spotted.. 39. Brafilian. ’ 46. Dufky.. 40. Yellow-bellied.. “47. Browne: 41. Cayenne, 48. Red. Var. A. Spotted ditto. 49. Magpie. 42. White. HE Shrike; or Bateber-bird,. has the following characs- teriftics: j The bill ftrait at the bafe, with the end more or lefs. bent, and? a notch near the tip of the upper mandible. The bafe not furnifhed with a cere. The tongue jagged at the end.. The outer toe conneéted to. the middie. one, .as: far as the firft- jot *..- From the variety of fentiments, in regard to the place which. thefe birds fhould hold in the fyftem. of ornithology,. many doubts: have formerly arifen with me about them; but while I. fix in my own mind the place they are to occupy in this work, it. is but juft that the reafons for fo doing fhould not be withheld: from the reader. Mr. Ray+ ranks the Shrike.among his /bert-winged Hawks, but: takes in only the three forts. mentioned in the Br. Zoology; with a: fourth, which is moft likely a variety. AZ de Buffon places: them. ° Mr. Scopoli adds, that the fegments of the {kins are feven in number but: whether this will be fufficient to determine particular genera thoroughly, will be- noted hereafter, t Syn. avium, p. 18. 9 after ep Sy, R fh Rye: -after the Falcon tribe, on account of their ferocity *, but takes in only the birds recorded by Ray, with4fuch foreign fpecies as are -analogous thereto +. 4. Briffon, on the contrary, puts them .at the head of his fifth order, along with the Thrufbes and Chatterers ; ‘both of them truly belonging to the Pafferine order of moft fyftematitts. _ Sir C. Linneus, in refpect to this matter, has held .at different times more-opinions than one. In his-Faana Suec. of 1746, he makes it a Chatterer (Pafferine) ; and in his laft edition of this book, che brings back the Chatterer to his Lanius, then firft formed intoa genus, and placed in the Accipitrine order, taking in two fpecies of ‘Titmicet. In both the tenth and twelfth editions of the Sy/fema Nature, this Author has added confiderably to this genus.; in the firlt, returning the-Zitmice to their proper place; and in the latt, throwing the Chatterers into a feparate genus, and this with the ut~ moft propriety: but, notwithftanding he has ranked the Lanius genus among the Accipitres, it is not without a particular note |, -confefling his fentiments:to be wavering; and it is molt likely, ‘that had he lived to utter another edition, we fhould have feen \ “© ‘Tf ferocioufnefs alone ferve as achara€ter, why not bring in the Tyrant of America, ranked by him among the Fiycatchers ? abird infinitely more audacious “than any of the Shrikes, giving law to the Eagle himfelf; and on-this account, as svell as the conformity of bill, &c. ranked by Zianeus molt juftly with the Lanius genus. + Yet he fays that the Pie-gri¢che and Pie ought to beranked together. ‘‘ Je penfe que tous deux pourroient n’en faire qu'un, les Pies convenant en beaucoup de chofes avec:les.Pie-griéches.” -Hi/t. des Oif. i. p. 309. t The Long-sailed Titmoufe and the Manakin. . || © Lanii accedunt Accipitribas laniena, Picis moribus, Pafferibus flatura, -2deoque inter hos medii.” Sf. Nat. ed.-12. p. 134, note at bottom. X2 thefe Se ihre view aa ce. Be, thefe birds among the Pice. Kramer is inclined to have the Lenius genus ranked with the Pzes*, though in his work it is put’ with the Chatterers, in the Pafferine order ; but Scopoli + places it with the Pzes without ceremony, having no doubt about the mat- ter. Mr. Pennant, in his firft edition of the Genera of Birds, fuffers it’ to ftand laft in the Accipitrine order, but remarks its affinity with the Pies t; and in his laft edition of the Br. Zoology, as well as Ge- nera of Birds, begins the order of Pres with it. This example we fhall follow here, without hefitation, being convinced that itis the moft natural method, the reafons given by authors who have formed a contrary opinion not being fufficient to make us think. atherwife. For fhould we retain the Sdrzkes in the firft order, on account of their principally feeding on animal food, do not the whole of fome other genera do the fame ||? If we dwell on the fhape and curvature of the bill §, how will this fquare with the Parrot kind, whofe natural food ts fruit? and in refpect. to their living on other birds, whenever opportunity offers, do: not feveral. of the Crow genus do the like; not only feeding on ficfh, but fre- quently purfuing and deftroying fmall birds ?: have feen-a Magpie give chace to a Thrufb, and after pouncing him, feafted on his: flefh; and as.to-thefe birds deftroying young ducks and chickens,. every country houfewife is affured of the fags. The: greater Tits moufe alfo, in this fenfe, may be truly called a bird of prey,. as it » # «Nee meo judicio erraret, qui eafdem Corvis annumeraret.” Kram. Elezs. Aufir. p. 364. + Ann. Hifi. Nat. i. p. 23.. t Mr. Edwards mentioned the fame in-his Hi/t. of Birds, vol. i. p. 56.- ||, King fiber, Woodpecker, Hoopoe, Wryneck, &c. ee § Kramer has placed the Parrot with his Accipitres, I fhould think, on account: ef this circumftance ;, it could be on no other.. Elen. Aufir. p. 332 frequently: oie Ri Kee frequently feeds on flefh*; nay, fo fond is the bird of it, that if at any time it obferves, even one of its own fpecies in a fickly or weak ftate, it purfues, and, picking a hole in the fkull, feafts on the brains. In one thing, however, I am clear, that the Rapacious, and particularly the Falcon tribe, differs from the order of Pies; which is, in their averfion to all vegetable matter whatever, infomuch that we are told it would caufe their death fhould they touch it; and they have likewife, it is faid, full as great an abhorrence of water, as mentioned, p. 117: now it is well known that the Sérikes do drink, and, if our thirty-fixth fpecies be ad- mitted as one, cannot live without that element ;. frequenting only fuch places where it may be found, their prefence alone pointing out to the thirfty traveller a relief to his wants. As to the ra- pacious order, I fhould think their refufing drink may arife from the juices of the raw flefh being alone fufficient to fatisfy them f. After what has been faid, I will take up the reader’s time no longer, but proceed in enumerating the particular fpecies belong- ing to this genus. * Both this and the “ttle blue Titmoufe will often attend the butcher’s fiop in winter, and pick up little bits of meat, as well as fat ; of which laft they are very fond, infomuch that in winter it proves a good:bait for them in a trap-fall. + ‘© Pane ingefto moriuntur.” Liz. Sy/?. Nat. i. p. 128. in the note. t Dr. Leith, of Greenwich, informs me of a circumftance feeming to prove what is here advanced. He has kept an Eag/e for fome time. ‘This bird, fo: long as in health, will never touch water, though conftantly. within the reach of him; but fo often as he appears in the leaft out of order, and, in courfe, his appetite not fo good as ufual, he will gladly drink water by gulps, as freely as any other bird; nor is he in the leaft afraid of any one obferving him to do this,. asvemarked by M. de Buffox, in our note, p. 1k7. Vaaniuss in ~y Ie FORK-TAILED CRESTED SHRIKE. DESCRIPTION. FEMALE. PLACE. FORK-TAILED c De SDESCRIPTION. ROM UY a a) Ea berg Ga ae Lanius forficatus, Linz. Spf. i. p. 134, N° x Le Grand Gobe-mouche noir hupé de Madagafcar, Bsi/. u. p. 388. N° 16. pl. 37. f. 4. es Le Drongo, Buf. o/. iv. po 586. Gobe-mouche hupé de Madagafcar, PJ. exl. 189. IZE of a Blackbird; length ten inches. Bill black; at the angles of the mouth a few flender briftles: general colour of the plumage greenifh black: on the forehead, juft over the bill, is a creft ftanding upright, near an inch and three quarters in length: tail black, long, and greatly forked; edged with greenifh black: legs and claws black. Tt is not always furnifhed with a creft; when that is the euler ‘uch fpecimen may probably be taken for a:female. Inhabits Madagafcar, China, and the Cape of Good Hope; from the laft place is one.now in the collection of Sir fof. Banks. ‘Lanius czrulefcens, Liz Syf. 1. p. 134, N°2. La Pie-griefche 4 queue fourchue de Bengale, Bri/. orz. ii. p. 189. N° 22. Le Fingah, Buf. oi/. i. p. 308. Fork-tailed Indian Butcher-Bird, Zdz, i. pl. 56. ENGTH {even inches and a half: fize of the afh-coloured Shrike. Bill blackith brown, and bent; the upper mandible befet with black hairs turning forwards: plumage on the upper parts of the body fine black, with a glofs of blue, and in fome lights green; under parts white: breaft dark afh-colour, inclining to black: the greater quills and tail ferruginous black: tail pretty Sig ine Re de GE. pretty much forked, and the outer feather {potted with dirty white: legs and claws blackifh. Inhabits Bengal, where it is.called Fingah. It is called alfo by the Indians the King of the Crows, from its purfuing thefe birds from place to place with a-great noife,.and pecking them on the back till they efcape.. ENGTH eleven inches. Bill black: forehead black brown: through.the eye and over the eye-brow the fame: the crown, nape, and hind part of the neck, quite to the back, afh-colour : beginning of the back pale cheftnut :. the wings for the moft part. black ; the fecondaries margined with ferruginous: throat dufky white ; the reft of the under parts quite white : tail black, very cuneiform ; the two outer feathers fhorter by two inches than the. middle ones; the two middle ones are ferruginous juft. at the tips, the reft more and more fo as they proceed outwardly; the outer one on each fide almoft wholly ferruginous: the legs are black. ; AC fine fpecimen is in Dr. Hunter's Mufeum; but not known. fom whence.it came. 159. PLact any Manners. CHESTNUT. BACKED S. DeEscripTi0Nz. 4e + GREAT CINEREOUS S. DescrrPTION. FEMALE. PLACE. MANNERS. $. (HART Lok. Lanius excubitor, Lin, Sy. i. p. 135. N° 11-—Scof. ann. is p. 23. N° 18. — Muller. p. 11.—Brun. 21, 22. La pie-grielche grife, Bri/ orn. ii. p. 141. N° 1.—Bauf. otf. i. p. 296. pl. 20.—PI. enl. 445. Neun-toeder, Fri/ch. t. 60. M. and F.—Kram. P- 3046 Caftrica palombina, Oliz. uccel. t. 41. Greater Butcher-Bird, or Mattagefs, Raii fyn. p. 18. A. 3.—Will. orn. p. 87. pl. 10.—.Albin, ii. pl. 13. Great Shrike, Br. Zool. vol. i. N° 71. pl. 33.—Caref>. Car. app. P: 36.— Amer. Zool, N° Br. Muf. Lev. Mus: ENGTHi ten inches. Bill black: plumage on the upper parts pale afh-colour ; the under white: through the eyes a black ftripe: fcapulars white: bafe of the greater quills white; the reft black: the tail fomewhat cuneiform ; the two middle feathers are black; the outmoft on each fide white; thofe between are black, with the ends more or lefs white: the legs are black. The female is not much unlike the male, differing chiefly in the under parts, which are of a -dufky white, marked with tranfverfe femicircular brown lines. This inhabits many parts of Ewrope and North America. The female lays fix eggs, about as big as thofe of a Thrufh, of a dull olive-green, fpotted at the thickeft end with black: it makes it’s neft with heath and mofs, lining it with wool and zo flamer 3 It is pretty common in France, but I no where find it the cafe in refpect to England. i B The manners of this bird are fingular, and worthy of record. * Br, Zool, It So RD. KE It feeds on infe&ts and fmall birds, the latter of which it {€izes by the throat, and after ftrangling, fixes them on a fharp thorn, and pulls them to pieces with its bill*: it will often do this when kept in a cage, fticking the food againft the wires of it f. In {pring and fummer it imitates the voices of other birds, by ‘way of decoying them within reach, that it may deftroy them; but beyond this, the natural note is the fame throughout all feafons. If a trap-fall be baited with a living fmall bird, it proves a decoy, by which it may be taken in winter. It is obferved to be mute when kept in a cage, though feemingly content. In countries where they are plenty, the hufbandmen value them, on fuppofition of their deftroying rats, mice, and ' other - vermin. Suppofed to live five or fix yearsf{. Often trained up for catching fimall birds in Ruffia ||. MM. Salerne§ calls it a Lanner of the fmalleft fort. In Carniola it is migratory, coming in May, and departing in September ** ; which is the cafe alfo in refpect to the few which are met with in England {f. La grande Pie-griefche grife, Brif. orn. ii. p. 146. N° z. Groffere Neun-toder, Fri/ch. t. 59. male and female. Gefner’s great Butcher-bird, W2//. orn. p. 88. HIS fpecies is clearly no other than a variety of the laft mentioned, differing only in the leffer wing coverts and {capulars being fomewhat of a rufous colour: it is of a much * Edw. vol.v. ps 233. + Br. Zool. t Olina uccel. p. 41. || Edw. vol.v. p. 231. § Orn. p. 28. *@ Scop. ani. i. p. 23. tt ditin. vol. ii. p. 13. . Ds ereater 16a 4. Var. Ao- DeEscRIPTION. 162 4> Var. B. WHite VARIETY. bie #- LOUISIANE 8. Descripvion, Piace. 5. SENEGAL. S. DESCRIPTION, Dy a PEK EB, greater fize than the other; and, indeed, it is well known that thofe of Stweden_and Germany exceed thofe of other parts by much in bignefs, - Variety of this bird * has been known of a pure white throughout, except the bill and claws, which were black,, and the legs yellowith. Lanius ludovicianus, Lz. Sy/. 1. p. 134. N°6. La pie-griefche de la Louifiane, Bri/. orn. ii. p. 162. N°8. pl. 1g. & 20 —PI. enl. 397.—Am. Zool. N° IZE, of the cinereous Shrike, which it much refembles, but the- colours rather darker, and the fcapulars not white: tail fea- thers black ; all but the two middle ones have white ends; the. bafe is alfo white. This is a native of Louifiana.. Lanius Senegalus, Zzz. Sy. 1. p. 137. N° 21. ; ; a pie-griefche grife du Senegal, Brif. oru, ii. p. 167. N° ro. pl. 17. £3. —Pl. enl, 297. f. 4. TL ENGTH eight inches and three quarters: fize of the red- backed. The bill is black ; the bafe befet with briftles: the upper part of the head is. black: above the eye a dirty white line: through the eye a ftreak of black: upper part of the body grey ; > Brif, ors. ii. p. 145. La pie-griefche blanche. beneath . 7 8 ORROR FL ae OE. beneath hoary: wing coverts above rufous: fcapulars brown, edged with rufous; as are the quills; but the infide and tips are brown, and edged with rufous within: the two middle tail fea~ thers are grey brown, obfoletely ftriated with a darker colour; the reft of the feathers are black, margined on the outer webs and tips with white: legs and claws grey brown. Inhabits Senegal, Lanius collaris, Lin. Sy#. i. p. 135. N° g. : La pie-griefche du Cap de Bonne Efperance, Brif. orn. ii, p. 182. pl. 15. f. 1.—P. enl. 477. €. Ve IZE of our cinereous Shrike. Length eight inches and three _ quarters. Bull blackifh: the head and upper parts of the body are blackifh; beneath whitifh: bafe of the thighs brown on the fore-part: the edge of the wing white: the fcapulars have a mixture of white, and there is a fpot of the fame in the middle of the quills: the four middle tail feathers are black; the next on each fide, the fame, tipped with white; the fourth has the outer margin and tip white; and the two outer ones black, with the whole of the outer webs and tips white: legs and claws dufky. , ; Inhabits the Cape of Good Hope. One of thefe, which came under my infpection, had the rump of an elegant ath-colour. IZE of our cinereous Shrike. Length nine inches. Bill horn- colour: plumage above brown black: lower part of the back and rump brown: throat and breaft dirty white: belly and vent ferruginous: tail plain black brown: legs black. Yas From 16 Gea PLACE. 7. COLLARED S. DescRIPTION. Priacs, 8. FERRUGINOUS BELLIED S. DeEsceipTion, 164 PLACE. Qe TABUAN S. DESCRIPTION. Pace. 10. PACIFIC S. DescriPrion. S H R ¢€ KE. From the Cape of Good Hope. In the collection of Mis Blomefield. At Sir Fof. Banks's there is alfo one of thefe from the fame place, which, befides the other markings, has a ftreak of white on the wing, parallel to the edge. Lev. Muf. ENGTH eight inches and three quarters. Bill an inch long,. not much curved, and the notch rather fmall; the colour of it brown: the ton of the head greenifh brown: upper parts of the body olive brown: fides of the head the fame, but much darker: throat and breaft afh-colour; paleft down the fhafts: belly pale yellowifh brown: vent dufky: the whole of the outer edge of the wing, and the greater quills, are black; the fecond quills are black brown, margined with dufky white: tail brown: legs the fame: claws black. Inhabits the Friendly Iles in the South Sea, This fpecimen from, Tonga Lavoo.. ARGER than a Houfe-fparrow: length eight inches. The bill three quarters of an inch long, flightly curved, emar- ginated, and of a dufky hue: general colour of the plumage ‘black: the head and neck gloffed with green; the feathers of both very narrow: belly, quills, and tail, dufky; the laft even at the end, and three inches in length: legs black; three oblique feements on the fhins: toes divided nearly to their origin; mid- dle toe very long; the hind toe is alfo long, but all the claws of a moderate fize. From coe ie a? Ls Atsin Degas tt 5 CW Ea , ad EaVale “8 Gs Vise yf Vibe f So R TK EB. From fome of the iflands of the South Seas, but uncertain which, ‘The individual in the poffeffion of Sir Fo/. Banks. Lev. Muf. ENGTH near eight inches. Bill black, not much bent.; ~ noftrils round and {mall: at the bafe of the upper mandible five or fix black briftles: the plumage is brown above: chin and breaft cinereous: belly and vent incline to brown: the four mid- dle tail feathers plain brown; the reft of the outer ones have the inner webs white at the tips; length of it two inches: legs fhort, and of a lead-colour: claws ftrong, hooked, and brown. Brought from the northern parts of America by the late voyagers.. ENGTH about fix inches. Bill black: crown of the head, fides, and throat, of a fhining black: upper part of the body elive ; under parts the fame, but paler: rump dufky: quills and fecondaries the fame; the laft have olive edges: tail rounded ; the half next the bafe ofan Olive- colour, then black-: the ends of all the feathers yellow ; the outer ones mot fo, leffening by de-+ ' grees to the middle ones, which are meee marked with yellow at the tips: lees dufky. Inhabits the Sandwich Ifles in the South Seas. * In this and the following plates a fcale of the length, taken from the tip of the bill to the end of the tail, is added. This {cale, in every cafe, is meant to fignify. one twelfth part of the real length of the bird, over which it is placed. Where no fcale is added, fuch bird is fuppofed to be of the natural fize. Lanius 166. PLAGE. Tl. NORTHERN S. DescriPTion. Piace. U2 BLACK- HEADLID S. Premvilees DEsCRIPTIONs , Placz. — 166 Ed Rao. 3. SHORT- nee Lanius brachyurus, Pallas Trav.i. p.693: N° 5. DEscRIPTION. IZE of the cinereous Shrike. ‘Top of the head ferruginous grey: eyebrows whitith: from the bill, through the eyes, a ftreak of black: upper parts of the body cinereous grey, verging to ferruginous; under parts yellowifh white: throat and vent plain white: the wings are blackifh: coverts margined with prey at the tip: tail* fhorter than the body; rounded at the end ; colour grey brown: all the feathers except the middle ones white at the ends. DH AOE: Inhabits Hungary, but not in plenty. 14. RUFOUS- ; ois TAILED Lanius phenicurus, Pall. Trav. i, p. 693. N° 6. S. DescriPTion. CIZE of the laft. Upper parts of the body rufous grey : through the eyes a blackifh fafcia: under parts yellowifh white: tail long, rounded at the end; the whole of it and the rump deep rufous. This, Dr. Pallas fays, was once feen by him in the fpring, but the fpecimen decayed before a better account could be drawn up. € Dr. Pallas counted but ten feathers in the tail of this bird. — Lanius Ss HW RI Kk EE. Lanius collurio, Liz, Sy. i. p. 136. N° 12.—Scop. Aon. i. p. 24, N® 19.—-Kram. p. 363.—Muller, p v1. LEcorcheur, Brif. ii. p. 151. N° 4.—Buf. o:/. 1. p. 304, pl. 21.— Pi. end. elite th 25 Lanius minor ruffus feu 38 Aldrovandi, Raii fyz. p. 18. A. 4. Leffler Butcher-bird, called in Yorkfhire Fluder, Will. orn. p. 88.—Albin. vol. i. pl. 14. Merule congener alia, Raii fyx. p.67, N° 13 ?—Will. orm p.195. §9. N°3.? Red-backed Shrike, Br. Zool. i. N° 72. Br. Muf. Lev, Muf. ' ENGTH feven inches and a half: weight two ounces.- Bill black: irides hazel: through the eyes, from the bill, a black ftroke: head and lower part of the back hight grey: upper part of the back, and wing coverts, ferruginous: tail black ; all the feathers, except the two middle ones, are more or lefs white at the bafe; the outer web of the outer feather white: the breaft, belly, and fides, are bloffom-coloured: the quills brown: the legs black, The head in the female is dull ferruginous, mixed with grey: breaft, belly, and: fides, dirty white, croffed with femicircular dufky lines: tail deep brown; the outer feather white only on the outer web. It is rather larger than the male. I believe this bird to be much more common than the cine- reous Shrike; at leaft itis fo in England, where I fhould fufpect its being a bird of paffage, never having feen it here in the win- ter. It lays-fix white egos, marked with a rufous brown circle towards the large end. The neft is generally in a hedge or low bufh; near which I have heard it affirmed that no finall bird chufes to build; for it not only feeds on infects, but alfo the young of: ay. +- RED. BACKED: iE > Descrirriron, « FEMALE, PLAce AND Manness. 168 16. VARIEGATED DESCRIPTION. SoH Re er. of other birds in the neft, taking hold of them by the neck, and ftrangling them, beginning to eat them firft at the brain and eyes:: it is more fond of grafshoppers and beetles than of other infets, which it eats by morfels, and, when fatisfied, fticks the remainder on a thorn; when kept in a cage, does the fame againft the wires of it. It is called in the German language by a name. Genifying great head, or bull bead, from the fize of that part. It will alfo feed on fheep’s kidney, if in a cage, eating a whole one every day. Like the cinereous Shrike, it-only mocks the notes of other birds, having none of its own; and this merely, like that, to decoy. It is faid to be, in this imitative art, an adept; if money is counted over at midnight, in the place where one of thefe is kept, fo as to make a jingling noife, it begins to imitate the fame found. When fitting on the neft, the female is foon difcovered, for on the approach of any one fhe fets up an horrible outcry. L’Ecorcheur varié, Brif. orn. ile p. 155. N° 5. Leffer variegated Butcher-bird, Radi Syz. p. 19. A. §.—Will. orz. p. 189+ ey HIS is grey on the upper part of the body, and rufous white 4 beneath, ftriated both above and below tranfverfely with brown: the fcapulars are rufous white, bounded by a parallel black ftripe: tail black; the three outer feathers rufous white at the bafe and tips; the outer one wholly rufous white on the outer edge. This fhould feem to be the female of the former, did not the markings of the tail forbid the fuggeftion. Dd ie ie ee Ta Pie-griefche roufle, Brif. orz. ii. p.147, N° 3.-—Buf. oil. p. 301.— Pl. enl. 9. £..2. the male, and 31. £. 1. the female. Ampelis Dorfo grifeo, macula ad aures longitudinali, Fw. Suec. edit. y™, N° 180. t. 2. far. Kleiner Neun-toder, Frifch. pl. 61. male and fem. Ampelis 3°, Kram. Elench. p. 363. Lanius minor cinerafcens, &c. Raii Syz. p. 19. A. 6. Another Sort of Butcher-bird, Will. orz. p. 39. § 4- Wood Chat, Br. Zool, N° 73. IZE of the two laft. Bill horn-colour; feathers round the bafe whitifh: head, and hind past of the neck, bright bay : from the bafe of the bill, over the forehead, and through the eyes on each fide, a ftreak of black, paffing down the neck on each fide: back dufky: fcapulars white: upper tail coverts grey: wing coverts dufky: quills black; near the bottom of each a white fpot: the two middle tail feathers are black; the others are the fame, but the outer margin and tips are whitifh: legs ‘black. The female is reddifh on the upper parts of the body, the under parts dirty white: every where tranfverfely ftriped with brown: ‘tail reddifh brown, marked near the end with. dufky, and tipt with red. Mr. Pennant does not defcribe this bird from his owa infpec- tion; and I muft confefs that it has never come under mine; I fuppofe therefore that it is not common in England. M. de Buffon does not talk of it as uncommon, but gives it as ‘his opinion that the three laft mentioned are mere varieties of each other; a fact which, from my own obfervation, I cannot deny. Vb La 169 DescriIPrion. FEMALE. Var. Ar 17. Var. B. 18. CRESTED RED S. DESCRIPTION.» PLACE. SLR OR Fe La Pie-griefche rouffe du Senegal, Pl. enl. 477. f. 26 N this the upper parts of the body are rufous: the under parts whitifh : the wings wholly brown, with a fmall fpot of white juft at the bafe of the quills. La Pie-griefche 4 téte noire du Senegal, P/. ex/. 474. NOTHER variety. It differs only in having the head black, and the tail rather longer than in the laft mentioned. Lanius criftatus, Liz. Sy. i. p. 134. N° 3. La Pie-griefche rouffe de Bengale, Bri/. orn. ii. p. 173. N° 13. Crefted red or ruffet-coloured Butcher-bird, Edw. i. pl. 54. ENGTH fix inches and a half: fize of the Red-backed. Head fomewhat crefted*: bill horn-coloured ; tip blackith: upper parts of the body rufous; under parts dirty orange, tranf- verfely croffed with black lines: behind each eye is a black mark, like a crefcent: the quills are brown, edged with paler brown: tail rufous above, grey beneath: legs and claws black. Inhabits Bengal, where it is called Charab. * M. de Buffon fappofes this not natural, as he has met with fpecimens wherein the head was perfeétly {mooth, fo thinks it might happen from the accidental ruffling of the feathers. It may be fo; but it muft be allowed that the male may have the feathers of the crown much elongated, when the female has not, contfti- tuting merely the difference of fex. Lanius SiH Ri I KE. Lantus curviroftris, Liz. Sy. i. p. 135. N°S. L’Ecorcheur de Madagafcar, Brif. orn. ii. p. 191. pl. 1g. f. 1-—P. end. 228. : Le Vanga, ou, Becarde aventre blanc, Buf. cif. i. p. 312. HIS meafures ten inches in length, and is of the fize of a Blackbird. The bill is black, and above an inch and a quarter in length ; the tips of both mandibles more crooked than in any of the fpecies: the hind head is of a greenifh black; the reft of the head, throat, neck, breaft, belly, fides, under wing, and tail coverts, white: the upper parts of the body black; each feather edged with greenifh black: the greater wing coverts obliquely tipped with white, forming a band on the wing: quills black; on the firft five is a white fpot, and the inner margins are white alfo: the tail is afh-coloured half way from the bafe ; after- wards black, with the very tip white; the two middle feathers the longeft: the legs are lead-colour: the claws blackifh. This is a native of Madagafcar, where it goes by the name of Vanga: it feeds on fruits, and is faid to whiftle well*. Pie-griefche d’Antigue, Son. Voy. p. 114. pl. 70. ¥ IZE of the Red-backed Shrike. Bill large and black; the upper mandible is very long, and the curvature fo exceffive, that one would rather take it for a monftrofity, than common to any-one fpecies: irides dufky: the head is black: the back of a * Orn. de Salerne, p. 32. Z 2 yellowifh 171 19. - 5 HOOK-BILLED : S. DEscRIPTION. Puace. 20. ANTIGUAN S. DESCRIPTION. Puace, 2ie LUZONIAN So. DescrrpTion. PLACED SHE Re Ua RENE — yellowifh rufous-colour: throat and breaft white: the quills,, and baftard wing coverts, black: the wings reach only to the- beginning of the tail, which is very long and wedge-fhaped ; ‘the two middle feathers are wholly black; the others black above, . beneath reddifh, tipped by a rufous fpot: legs dufky black. Inhabits Panay, one of the Philippine Iflands, but principally about Aitigue, one of the provinces thereof. This feems much allied to the laft, particularly in the bills but as I have feen neither, dare not venture to place them others wife than as diftinét fpecies, ; Laniuslucionenfis, Liz. Sy. i. p. 135. N° 10. i La Pie-griefche de Lugon, Bri/. orz. ii. p. 169. N° 11. pl. 18. fit. GIZE of the Red-backed Shrike: leneth feven inches and a a hale Bill greyith brown, as are alfo the upper parts of the body ; beneath rufous white: under the eye, and rather behind it, isa longitudinal {pot of brown: the lower part and fides of the neck, the breaft, fides of the body, and thighs, rufous white, croffed with fine light brown lines: quills greyifh brown, with rufous margins: tail rufous grey, and cuneiform in fhape ; all the feathers, except the two middle ones, tipped with rufous white: : legs and claws rufous brown. Inhabits the ifland of Lugonia, the inhabitants of which call it by the name of Cadecoté *. > Brif. Lanius - & FY RT K ES Ganius Schach, Lia. Sy. i. p.136. N°? 14. Lanius A-Schach, O/6. Voy. p.227- SIZE of the Tyrant. Forehead inclining to luteous: head, and ~ hind part of the neck, grey: fore part of the neck teftaceous white: back and belly pale teftaceous: quills black; the prime ones white at the bafe; the fecondaries whitifh at the tips. . Tnhabits China, where itis called 2-Schach. - Lanius barbarus, Zz. Sy/.i. p. 137. N° 18. La Pie-griefche rouge du Senegal, Brif. ora. ii, p. 185+ N° 20. pl. 17: f. 2° Le Gonolek, Buf. of. i. p. 3146 Pie-griéche du Senegal, Pi. end. 56. Lev. Muf. IZE very little lefs than a Redwing: length eight inches and three quarters. The bill is black; befet at the bafe with briftles: the plumage on the upper parts is black *, on the under red: the crown, nape, thighs, and under tail coverts, yellow : wings and tail black: legs and claws of the fame colour. Found at Senegal *. ® Tn the Zev. Muf. the bird is brown, not black; and the parts which are above defcribed as yellow, are merely of a’ buff-colour. That figured in the Planches enlumines is likewife brown, but the crown is yellow. Laniss 173 DESCRIPTION: PLACES 236 BARBARY S: DescriPrion, PLacss 2de “MADAGASCAR 5. “DESCRIPTION. PEMALE. ‘PLACE. Died Ry ky cE ‘Lanius Madagafcarienfis, Liz. Sy. i. p. 137. N° 22. La petite Pie-griefche de Madagafcar, Brij. orn. ii. p. 164. N°g. pl. 16. f. 1. the male; £. 2. the female.—Pl. enlum. 299. £..1. the male; f. 2. the female. Lhe Cali-calic, & le Bruia, Buf. oi/. i. p. 315. Siz of a Hedge-fparrow: length under five inches. Bill black; at the bafe briftly: plumage above cinereous: rump and tail rufous: between the bill and eye is a black {pot: over the eye a white line: cheeks white: throat, and fore part of the neck, black; the reft of the under parts rufous white: leffer wing coverts rufous; greater ones grey brown: quills brown, with srey brown margins: the two middle tail feathers rufous at the bafe; the reft grey brown; the four next on each fide rufous, tipt with grey brown; the outer one on each fide rufous within, and grey brown on the outfides and tips: legs lead-colour: claws brown. The female wants the black on the chin and throat; which, as well as the fides of the head, and all the under parts, are white mixed with rufous: and the colours in general are more dull. Inhabits Madaga/car. 10 Lanius an ia, Lin, Sy. i. p. 137. N° 23. Mutcicay ii in, Syft.i, p. 236. N° 7- La Pie-grie ocune de Bengale, Bri/. ora. i. p. 175. N° 144: Rouge-queue, Buf. oif.1. p. 309. Indian Redftart, Ede. pl. 190. : Bengal Redftart, Albin. iii. pl. 56. IZE of the Rock Shrike : length five inches and a half. Bill cine- reous brown; bafe befet with briftles: irides whitifh: crown and hind head black; the. laft fomewhat crefted: behind the eyes a fcarlet fpot, edged on the under part with white: belly, vent, rump, and upper tail coverts, red: on each fide of the neck are four black. curved fpots: tail pale brown: legs and claws black. Inhabits Bengal. Lanius jocofus, Liz. Syf.i. p. 138. N° 24.—Amen. Acad. iv. p. 258. Le petit Merle hupé dela Chine, Brif orz. 11. p.255. N° 22. pl. 21. f. 2: IZE of a Lark: length feven inches and ahalf. The bill is black- ifh, rather ftraiter than in moft of the genus, and furnifhed only with a very fine notch near the tip: the crown of the head is black, except fome. long brown feathers, which form a kind of creft: fides of the head, throat, and fore part of the neck, white: from each corner of the mouth is a black line, continued back- wards: under each eye is a {mall fpot of lively red: the upper~ parts of the body are brown; the under parts dirty white: vent rofe-colour : on the lower part of the neck and breaft a kind of a brown-- DéscriPTiowe - PLaczs 26. JOCOSE ‘Sse DescRIPTION. - = = Oo, PLACE. DEscRIPTION. FEMALE. Marr. S id Rea ok EB, brown band: quills brown: the tail is much cuneiform in fhape:s in colour brown; but the four outer feathers on each fide have white tips: legs and claws black. This is a Chinefe bird, and called in.thofe parts by the name eG Kowkai-kon. Lanius infauftus, Lin. Sy. i. p. 138. N° 25. Corvus infauftus, Bruxz, p. 10.—Muller, p. 12. N° 93. ‘Le Merle de Roche, Brif. orn. ii. p. 238. N° 13.—Buf. of. ill. p. 39t- pl. 23.—P#. enl. 562. Merula faxatilis, Aldrov. Rai fyz. p. 68. N° 3- Codiroffo maggiore, Olin. uccel. t. 47. Greater Redftart, Well. orn. p. 197. pl. 36.—Albin. iit. pl. 55. LITTLE lefs than a Blackbird: three quarters. length feven inches and The bill about an inch long, and blackifh : the head and neck dark afh-colour, marked .with fmall rufous the upper part of the back dark brown; the lower much paler, inclining to afh, efpectally towards the tail: {pots : quills and breaft, and under parts of the body, orange, marked with {mall fpots, fome of which are the tail is three inches in length ; the legs blackifh : This is the defcription of the wing coverts dufky, with pale margins: white, and others brown: two middle feathers are brown, the others rufous : the wings and tail are .even. female. The male is faid to differ very little, except in being of a brighter colour. : This is met with in many parts of Europe, from Italy on the one hand, to Rufia* on the other: found in fome parts of Germany, the Alpine Mountains, thofe of Tyrol, and fuch-like places. ® Georg. Ruf : q The Sirrte Be I Kei E: The manners of this bird feem difputed; one author * men- tions, that it perches ona high ftone, and as foon as a markfman appears with his gun, removes to a greater diftance, and fo on, as often as he approaches; which renders this fpecies difficult to come at. Others f, on the contrary, fay, that it is a bold bird, attending the traveller while at his meal, on purpofe to feed on his fcraps. Some authors rank this with the Tru/bes, and others with the Crow genus ; it feems much allied to the laft, from having the noflrils covered with recumbent feathers, as in thofe birds. Lin- neus obferves, that the laft, the following, and this, all agree in a certain loofe texture of feathers, rendering them peculiar. It has an agreeable note of its own}, approaching to that of the Hedge-fparrow, and will alfo learn to imitate that of others. It makes the neft among the holes of the rocks, &c. hiding it with great art, and lays three or four eggs, feeding the young with worms and infects, on which it alfo feeds itfelf. It may be taken young from the neft, and brought up as the Nightingale. Turdus faxatilis, Liz. Sy. i. p. 294. Le petit Merle de Roche, Brif. orz. ii. p. 240. N° 14. Blau-kopfiige Rothe Amfel, Fri/ch. t. 32. HIS is rather lefs. The head, throat, and neck are blueith afh, marked with rufous and brown fpots: back and rump blackifh, mixed with cinereous blue and rufous: lower part of the back white and afh-colour: the tail and under parts of the body the fame as in the laft bird. * Buffon. + Brunnich, Linneus. } Albin fays, that itis frequently kept in cages for its finging, vol. ili. p. $1. Aa One 177. Manners, &¢. 27. Var. A. LESSER ROCK S. DeEscRIPTION: 878 28. WHITE- WREATHED S. DESCRIPTION. PLace. DescRIPrion. SMELLY Wn er es One may with great probability fuppofe thefe two to be only one {pecies. Lanius fauftus, Zin. Spf. i. p. 138. N° 26: Corvus fauftus, Aman. acad. iv. p. 241-6 IZE of a common Thrufh. Bill pale: the upper parts of the” body grey; the under ferruginous: from the eyes to the hind head paffes a whitifh line, compofed of numerous white feathers, rendering it truly characteriftic: the wings are rounded; the quills brownifh, with grey edges, which are crofied with numerous flender, obfolete, brown lines: the tail is rounded, brown,. croffed with numerous bats of darker brown:: legs pale, This elegant fpecies inhabits China, where it is known by the name of Whominaj. It may be obferved, among others, in Chi- nefe paper-hangings, where the white line feems to encompafs the back part of the head, like a wreath, Lanius bicolor, Liw. Mantif. 1771. p. 124% Loxia madagafcarina, Lin. Syff. i. p. 306. N° 42. - La Pie-griefche bleue de Madagafcar, Brif. orn. ii. p. 197. N° 26. pl. 16. f. 3.—P/. enl. 298. £. 1.—32. f. 2. ENGTH fix inches and a half. Bill fine blue; bafe befet with briftles:: round the bill the feathers are black: the head and all the upper parts of the body fine blue: beneath fnow white: quills black, with the outer edges blue: ithe two middle tail feathers blue, with black tips and fhafts: the four next on each fide are blue on the outer margins.; the inner and tips black : 10 the Studio RE TRIE, the outer feather black, except juft at the bafe, where it is blue on the outfide: leas and claws black. The female diifers merely in the colours being: lefs lively, and the under parts of a dirty white. This is common at Madaga/car, where it lives on infeats. La petite Pie-griefche verte de Madagafcar, Brif. orz.ii. p.195. N° 25. pl. 15. £1. Tcha-chert, Buf. cif. i. p- 310. Pie-griéche de Madagafcar, P/. enl. 32. f£. 20 IZE, of a Houfe-fparrow: length five inches and three quarters. The head, hind part of the neck, back, wings, and rump, dull green, verging moft to the laft colour on the head: under parts of the body white: outfide of the thighs the fame colour as the back ; infide black and white: the quills are blackifh; the outer edges and tips dull green: tail black, except the two middle feathers, which are dull ereen; the outer margins of the others are of the fame colour: legs and claws black. It is found at Madaga/car, and called there Tcha-chert. The wings of the two laft fpecies are pretty long in pro- portion. % Aaz - Lanius 179 FEemMaLe. Pace, Description. PLAcee 286 Ble RUFOUS S. DeEscRIprion. FEMALE. PLACE. 32. WHITE- HEADED S. DiscriPTion. SHOE RY Teena, Lanius rufus, Liz. Spf. i. p. 137. N° 17. La pie-griefche rouffe de Madagafcar, Brif. ort. ii. po 1782 N° 16. ple 18 f. 4.—PI. enl. 298. f. 2. Le Schet-be, Buf. oif. i. p. 3130 |UANG ES feven inches and three quarters. Bill lead-colour ; bafe briftly : head, throat, and neck, greenifh black: upper parts of the body rufous ; beneath cinereous white: thighs cine- reous: quills brown within; on the outer edge rufous and brown mixed: tail rufous; the margins brown on both fides near the end: legs and claws horn-colour. The female has the colours lefs vivid: throat and fore part: of the neck grey: the outer edge of the quills of a plain rufous co- lour : in other things like the male. Thefe inhabit Madagafcar, where the male is called Schet-de, and the female Icha-chert-dae*. s Le grande pie-priefche verdatre de Madagafcar, Bri/. orn. ii. N° 24. pl. 19. f. 2.—P/. enl. 374. Tcha-chert-bé, Buf. oif.i. p. 314+ ENGTH eight inches: fize of a Blackbird. Bull lead-colour : ' head, neck, throat, breaft, belly, fides, thighs, under tail, and_ wing coverts, white: lower part of the neck behind, the back, rump, fcapulars, upper wing, and tail coverts, greenifh black : quills black, with green edges: tail black beneath; above greenifh black: legs and claws lead-colour. _ © See Bric orn, il. p. 178. : This SE OR bag BR, This likewile is found at Madaga/car, with the laft, to which ic feems to bear fome affinity. Lanius leucoryncos, Liz. Mant. 1771. p. 5240 La pie-griefche de Manille, Bri/. orz. ii. p. 180, N° 17. pl. 18. f. 2.— Pl. enl. g. f£. 1% Langraien, Buf. oif. 1, p. 310. ENGTH feven inches. Bill hoary; bafe befet with briftles: head, throat, neck, back, and fcapulars, blackifh: rump, breaft, and under parts, whitifh: upper wing coverts, quills, and tail, blackifh: wings and tail of equal length: legs and claws blackith. Inhabits the ifland of Manilla. La pie-griefche Dominiquaine, Son. way. p. 55. pl. 26. "PHIs is bigger than a Sparrow, and rather longer. The bill is greyifh, conic, and ftrong; the bafe befet with briftles, pointing forwards: the head, neck, breaft, back, wings, and tail, black : belly and rump white: the wings reach near an inch be- yond the middle of the tail: the thighs are black. This bird inhabits the Philippine Ilands, and is a bold cou- rageous bird: it flies very quick, and with great rapidity; fre- quently hovering in the air ike a Swallow. It is a great enemy to the Raven, whom, though much bigger, he bids defiance, even provoking him to.combat: the battle often lafts half an hour, and end with the retreat of the Raven; rather, perhaps, from being teized 18x - PLACE. Be WwW HITE-BILLED: Ss. ; DescRIPTION- Pracg. 33° Var. A. DOMINICAN See DeEscRIPTION. PLracE AND Manners, aes B40 Vit “PANAYAN S. DeEscRIPTION. PLACE. 35° CRESTED ° DgscCRIPTION. PLACE. Sh a Ro ea RS eeized out by the pettifh little enemy, than having fuffered real injury. This feems to vary very little from the lait: the breaft is black, which is white in the other: and. the wings exceed the tail in length ; whereas, in the other, they are only equal. They cannot ‘be but varieties merely, if not fexual differences. La Pie-griefche rouge delVifle de Panay, Sox. Voy. p. 114. pl. 70. €IZE of the Red-backed Shrike. Bill black : irides fire-colour: head, fore part of the neck, and belly, red: hind part of the neck, wings, and tail, brown: legs black. Inhabits the ifland of Panay. ; Lanius canadenfis, Liz. Sy. i. p. 134. N° 4. La Pie-griefche de Canada, Brif. orv. ii. p. 171. pl. 18. f. 3. Pie-griefche huppe de Canada, Buf. oi/. i. p. 316.—P/. enl. 479. f. 2. Crefted Shrike, Az. Zool. N° Lev. Mu. oe of the Red-backed Shrike: length fix inches. Bill deep brown; the noftrils and corners of the mouth befet with black briftles: top of the head rufous; the feathers of it long enough to form a creft; fides blackifh, marked with dirty white fpots: the hind part of the neck, and the back, rufous brown: the throat, fore part of the neck, and breaft, pale rufous, marked with longitudinal brown fpots: belly, fides, thighs, and under tail coverts, pale afh-colour: wing coverts blackifh, margined with white: quills and tail the fame: legs and claws blackith. Inhabits Canada. Lanigs SCF RE Ty KES Lanius nengeta, Liz. Sy. i. p. 135. N° 7s Le Cotinga gris, Brif. ora. iil. p. 353. Le Guirarou, Buf. cif. iv..p. 459. Guiraru Nheengeta Brafilienfis, Raii Syz. p. 166, N° 5.) D°; or American Chat, Will. orn. p. 235. Grey Pye of Brafil, Edw..pl. 318: SIZE of the Mavis: length nine or teninches. The bill dufky , befet with briftles at the bafe :- irides fapphire-coloured :. from the angles of the mouth, through the eyes, is a black ftreak: the upper parts of the body are dark. brownifh afh-colour; the under parts cinereous white: in the middle of the wing are a few white feathers: the quills and tail are nearly black: all the feathers of the laft, except the two: middle ones, are obliquely tipped with white: lees dark afh-colour :. claws black. This-is found at Surinam and Brafil.. Edwards feems to think it near a-kin to the great Shrike, and Linneus is of the fame opinion: though others * rank it with the Chatterers.. ‘Thefe birds. are common, likewife, at Guiana, where they frequent watery places, and are found in great numbers to- gether. ‘They.are obferved, at frequent intervals, to fet up a-great ery all together: this circumftance affording a happy and certain prefage to the thirfty traveller, in the immenfe forefts of Guiana,. where he may meet with water to quench his drought. * Buffon and Briffon. - Variet: 183: 36. GREY: Se DeEscRiprTione. * Pracks Mannerse- 36. Var. A. DascRiIPrTrion. 37° TYRANT S. DESCRIPTION« FEMALE. PLACE. Soo TL SRave. « Varieté du Guirarou, Buf. otf iv. p. 461. Cotinga gris de Cayenne, PJ. ent. G90. "THIS is a variety of the laft, or a young bird: it is only feven inches and a half in length. The bill is red: the general tint of the plumage afh-colour, paleft on the under parts: the tail is fhorter than in the other: the band through the eye was wanting, and neither the wings nor tail edged with white: the legs red. Lanius tyrannus, Lin. Sy. i. p. 136. N° 13. Le Tyran, Brif. orn. ii. p. 391. N° 18.—P/. en]. 537. Le Titiri, ou Pipiri, Buf. oi/. iv. p. 572. Kleine americainifche Neun-toder, Fri/ch. 't. 62. Br. Muf. Lev. Mu/. IZE of a Thrufh: length eight inches. Bill blackifh brown, befet with briftles at the bafe: irides brown: the upper parts of the plumage grey brown; the under white: the breaft inclines to afh-colour: the head is blackifh on the upper part; the bafe of the feathers on that part, inthe male, is orange, but feldom vifi- ble, except it erects the feathers, when there appears a ftreak of orange down the middle of the crown: the tail is brown, mar- gined with rufous: legs and claws black brown, The female {carcely differs, except in the head; the bafe of the crown feathers being yellow, inftead of orange; the colours are not quite fo deep, and it is a trifle lefs in fize. Inhabits Virginia. Le fu RT k &. Le Tyran de St, Domingue, Bri. ora. ii, p. 394. N° 19, pl, 18. f. 2. ILL as in the laft mentioned, as is the fize. The upper parts of the bedy grey brown ; the under white: breaft inclining to afh-colour: tail brown; the outer edges and tips brownith Jegs dark brown. Inhabits St. Domingo and Famaica. M. Briffon does not mention any yellow on the head ; but I can affure him that itis in this bird as well as the former. I have received feveral fpecimens from Yamaica, which differed from thofe of North America only in the tail being tipped with dingy white, which is not in the firft: alfo a fpecimen from Cayenne, wherein the colours of the body were more brilliant, and the yel- low ftripe on the head more confpicuous. Thefe are called Titiri or Quiquiri *, from their cry, which re- fembles thofe words. The firft is called the black-headed or great-billed Pipiri; the fecond, the yellow-headed Pipirz, or Pipiri of paflage. The firft, though in plenty, are feldom feen but in pairs ; the fecond in great troops, about the month of Au- guft, when they are very fat, and killed in great numbers for the table, as their flefh is accounted good eating. All authors agree in the manners of thefe birds, which are fe- rocious to a great degree while the hen is fitting ; no bird what- ever dare approach their neft: they will artack the firft which comes near, without referve, and ufually come off conquerors From hence by fome they are called King-birds. * Buffou calls it Pipiri, Haft. des cif. iv. p. 675. Bb bisa] ee Vane A. + SAINT DOMINGO TYRANT S. DeEsceIPTION,s Piace, Mawwers. 185° So BR uae Be 37% Le Fyran-de la Caroline, Buf. off iv. p. 577% Ve -mouche de la Caroline, P/. eal. 676. CAROLINE Gobe monche ee la caroline a al. 676 : TYRANT Tyrant of Carolina, Catef. Car.1. p. 55.—Am. Zool, N Sent DeEscRIPFION. i Cane bird mentioned by Cate/by muft be very little different s: indeed he fays, that it makes. its neft, rather expofed, on trees and bufhes, frequently on the /affafras; whereas the Pipiris make ufe of the hole of a tree, for the fake of concealing it. In. Carolina it is a bird: of pafflage, coming in fpring, and making one neft in a year, which is commonly in: Fune,.and, after bring- ing up its young, retires in autumn. PURGE AND Thefe birds alfo frequent the red cedars; are feldom found in Manners. woods, but often in hedge rows, and fences of fields, and for the moft part within two hundred yards of each other. They do not moleft their own fpecies; but the moment either Crow, or even. fiagle, appears, all within reach join forces, and begin the attack in all parts of his body at once, never defifting till they have driven him to a great diftance. Lake George, and Lake Champlain, are the fartheft places north. in which they are found in any degree of plenty. 37° Var. C. 4 Tyran de la Louifiane, Buf. vif. iv. p. 570% LOUISIANE Cone ; TYRANT obe-mouche de la Louifiane, PJ. ex/. 676. Ss Deseo BILL black : upper parts of the body lead-colour: greater coverts and quills margined with white: tail the fame; the outer web of the outer feather white,. the others tipped with white : Sra RO Rs, white: all the under parts white: legs lead-colour: on the crown a deep crimfon f{pot. The four laft mentioned are, I believe, varieties of each other. ENGTH feven inches. ‘Bill nearly one inch long, and black ; in fhape net much unlike that of the Tyrant, but ftouter in ‘proportion, lefs compreffed, and curved at the tip; the bafe fur- snifhed with weak briftles: the general colour of the plumage, ‘without exception, of a dufky ‘black: the tail fomewhat cunei- form: legs black. I received two of thefe from Famaica, by the name of Black Loggerbead: one of the fpecimens had the outer edge of the te- cond quills brown, but whether differing in fex or not was not ‘mentioned faid to inhabit only the internal parts of the ifland. Lanius.pitangua, Liz. Sy. 1. p. 136. N° 1g. bs Le Tyran du Brefil, Brif. ora, ii. p. 401.—Pl. enl. 212. Le-Bentaveo, or le Cuiriri, Buf. off. iv. p. 579. pl. 27. Pitanga guacu, or Bemtere, Raii Spa. p. 165. N° 1.—WMill. orn, p. 198. IZE of a Blackbird: length nine inches. The bill is very thick, more than half an inch long; the bafe of it befet with -briftles : the bafe of the feathers on the crown of a fine orange: -on each fide of the head, from the noftrils, over the eye, to the hind head, is a ftripe of white: beneath, and behind each eye, Ys a deep brown fpot; the upper parts of the body are brown, -each feather edged with yellow; the under parts fine ycllow: the Bb2 throat ao9 38. « BLACK Ss. DESCRIPTION. PLACE. 39° BRASILIAN 5. DeEscrirgion. 188 Prace. 40. YELLOW. BELLIED S. DeEscRIPTION. Prace.] Sty ras Re Tien ese throat is white: on the under tail coverts a few fpots of brown: the quills are brown, with rufous inner edges: the tail brown, with the outer margins rufous; the under part of it olive grey;, | legs and claws blackith. Inhabits Brafil. Lanius fulphuratus, Zin. Sy. i. p. 137. N° 19. La Pie-griefche jaune de Cayenne, Brif. orn. ii, p. 176. N° 15. pl. 16% f. 4.—PI. ent. 296. Becarde a ventre jaune, Buf. off. i. p. 312 Lev. Muf. IZE of a Redwing: length eight inches and a quarter. Bill blackith, befet at the bafe with briftles: the top of the head black ; forehead white, pafling through the eye on each fide; under this is a black ftreak, which begins at the under mandible, and paffes beneath the eye, almoft to the hind head: the plumage: on the upper parts of the body is brown; and cf a fine fulphur- coleur beneath: the bafe of the crown feathers is of this laft colour, but does not appear except the feathers be erected :. the throat and fore part of the neck are white, wing coverts brown, edged with rufous: quills and tail much the fame; but the laft margined with rufous on both fides: legs grey: claws blackihh.. Inhabits. Cayenne. Danius Si eo R Puawk: Lanius Cayanus, Liz, Syf. i. p. 137, N° 20% La Pie-griefche grife de Cayenne, Bri. orn.ii. p. 158. N°6, pl. 14. fi te —PI, enl. 304+ Becarde, Buf. oi/. i. p. 3116 Lev. Muf. IZE of a Blackbird: length eight inches and a half. The bill is red at the bafe, and black at the tip; befet at the bafe with briftles: the whole bird is of a fine light grey, except the head, quills, and tail, which are black: the legs are afh-coloured: claws black. Inhabits Cayenne. La Pie-griefche tachetee de Cayenne, Bri/. orn. ii. p. 160. N° 7. pl. 14. f. 2.—PI, enl. 377. HIS is in every refpect like the former, except that it has a longitudinal ftreak of black down the middle of each fea- ther. It is found in the fame places with the other, and is moft likely either differing in age or fex from that bird. Pie-griefche blanche de Vifle de Panay, Sox. Voy. p, 115. pl. 72. HIS is double the fize of the Wood-chat. Bill biack: head, neck, back, belly, and fhoulders, white: the reft of the wings and tail black: acrofs the greater quills is a white band: the legs are black. Inhabits the ifle of Pauay. BILL 89 AVe asi 4 CAYENNE ry DEsCRIPTION. PLACE. 41. Var.A. SPOTTED CAYENNE S. 42. WHITE S. DeEscRIPTION. PLAcs. 150 44, WHITE- SHOULDERED S. DescrirTion. PLACE. 44. PIED 5, Dzscrrprion. Piace. 45. SPOTTED S. BEscRIPTION. TOTES eM RE OE ILL black: the upper parts of the body cinereous browns forehead and cheeks fomewhat mottled with a paler colours throat and breaft buff-yellow: belly, thighs, and vent, dirty brownifh white: axillary feathers and feapulars white, making a large {pot on each fhoulder: quills and tail brown: legs black. Inhabits Brafil. Communicated by Mr. Pennant. Lanius-doliatus, Lin. Syfiii, p. 136. N° 16. La Pie-griefche rayée de Cayenne, Brif. orn. ii, p. 187. N® 21. pl. 29.°F. 30 PI enl. 297. f..2. Black and white Butcher-bird, Edw. pl. 226.—Hif?, Guian. p. 154. s Br. Muf. Lev. Mu/. GIZE of a Hedge-fparrow: length fix inches and a half. Bill dufky, befet with briftles at the bafe : head fomewhat crefted: the whole bird is tranfverfely ftriped with black and white, each feather having two bars of each of thefe colours upon it: the under parts are lighteft: the quills and tail are black, tranfvertely fpotted with white: legs and claws brown. Inhabits Cayenne. Br. Mu. T firft fight very like the former; but is lefs in fize. The bill is black: the upper parts of the body wholly black, except a few of the feathers at the beginning of the back, which are tipped ener os) FRR EK E. tipped with white :: the wing coverts are each tipped with an ob- Jong white fpot, forming a regular feries on the wings: quills and fecondaries edged with white: the tail is black; all the fea- thers tipped with white ; and on each of the outer feathers is a fpot of white on the outer web, about the middle of each fea- ther ;. the under parts of the body are plain afh-colour: the legs are black. I have feen two fpecimens of this bird, one at the Briti/fa Mu= feum, the other in the collection of Mi/s Blomefield; the latter was. received from Cayenze, from whence, I make no doubt, came the. former alfo. Till I-am convinced to the contrary, I muft place this as a fe- parate fpecies from the other. Br. Mu SIZE of the laft. Bill horn-colour: upper parts of the body dufky black: beneath white: over the eye a ftreak of white: quills. and tail deeper than the reft: legs brown. Place unknown. The fpecimen from whence this defcription is taken.is now in the British Mufeum, Br. Muf: : SIZE of a Manakin. Bill horn-colour, with a black tip: the upper parts of the plumage brown; beneath white: be- eween the bill and eye yellowifh: fecondaries tipped with yel- 7 ~ Jowifh;, 19% 46. DUSKY S. DEscRIPTIONs 47. BROWN. S. DescripPTion.. 192 48. RED D S. DescripTion Pace. 49. MAGPIE S. DEscRIPTION. § VETER ak We NE. lowifh ; and the edges of the greater quills of the fame colour,, forming two narrow bars on the wings: legs black. Place unknown. Red Lanius, or Butcher-bird of Surinam, Baner. Guiana, P+ 1546 Wis Bancroft defcribes it in this manner: it has a ftrait bill, with a tooth on each fide, near the point; a naked nofe; and a feemingly lacerated tongue: its body is of a bright red- colour, ornamented with fpots like eyes on the wings and tail, which are black at the ends of the feathers. I do not find this bird occur, except in the above-named author. - i Inhabits Surinam. Lev. Muf. GIZE of a Sone-thrufh: length ten inches. The bill is three quarters of an inch long, ftrong, and black, with a very flight notch near the tip: the head, neck, and middle of the breaft, are of a gloffy black: the back, fhoulders, leffer coverts of the wing, belly, fides, thighs, and vent, white: the greater wing coverts and fecond quills are black, margined with white; the greater quills wholly black: the tail is long and cuneiform; the two middle feathers being four inches and a half long, and the outer ones only two inches; all of them are tipt with white, but the white occupiés moft fpace on the outer feathers: legs ftout and black. This~ SVE. GROAN KE, This bird is in fine prefervation in the Leverian Mufeum, but from whence it came is not noticed. It has, at firft fight, the ap- pearance of a Magpie in miniature, but on examination plainly proves not to belong to the Crow genus, as the noftrils are not covered with briftles. The bill is almoft ftout enough to place it with the Grojbeaks; but, as it does not truly appertain to one nor the other, I have ventured to rank it with the Shrikes, to which it feems to have much conformity, efpecially in the fhape and length of the tail, a circumftance common to many of the genus, y 193" [1194 ] Genus V. PARROT. . Red and blue Maccaw. . -— and yellow M. » Military M, . Blue and yellow M. Var. A. Blue M. » Parrot Vie . Black M. . Obfcure Parrot. . Noble P. . Brafilian green M. . Gingi P. . Japonefe P. . Amboina red P. .: Blue-headed P, . Red-breafted P. Var. A. Orange-breatt- edvire 2 Var. B. Blue-bellied P. . Black-crowned P. 16. D7 Tabuan P. Papuan Lory. Var. A. Var. B. Var, GC: 21. 22. 23% 24. oie 26. OF. 28, 29. 30+ 31. 2. 3B; 34- 35: WITH UNEVEN °T.ALLS. N° 78. 19. 20. Long-tailed fcarlet L. Indian L. Beautiful L. Var. A. Gueby L. Var. A. Violet L. - Variegated L. Black L. Lory Parrakeet. Crefted red Par. Yellow-headed P. Angola yellow P. Brafilian yellow P. Var. A. Mexican yel- low P. Caroline P. Illinois P. Crimfon-vented P. Emerald P. Long-tailed green Par. Var. A. Guiana green Par. Pavouane P. Variegated winged P. N° 36. Blue- BAe ROR Ou Ty, N° 36. Blue-collared P. 37. Alexandrine Par. Var. A. Rofe-ringed Par. Var. B. Purple-ringed Par. Var. C. Double-ringed Par. ~ Var. D. Azure-headed 38. Par. Var. E. Javan Par. Muitachoe Par. Var. A. Bearded Par. . Bloffom-headed Par. Var. A. Rofe-headed N° 42. 43. Ate 45. 44. Rai . Horned P. . Caledonian P. . Red-rumped P. . Crefted Par. . Society P. . White-collared P. . Golden-crowned Par. . Lineated. Lace-winged Par. Yellow-winged Par. Waved-breafted Par. Scaly-breafted Par. Little red-winged Par. Grey-breafted Par. ring Par. 56. Pacific Par. Var. B.. Bornean Par. Var. A. Var. C. Malacca Par, . Var. B. 40. Red and blue-headed’ Var. C. Par. 57) Palen 2: 41. Brown-throated Par. 58. Blue-crefted Par. Var. A. Brown-fronted 59. Otaheitan blue Par.. Par. 60. Pygmy Par. Pen Wel HNnEO EB Net Auth Se 61. Great white Cockatoo. 68. Afh-coloured P. 62. Red-crefted C. : Var. A. 63. Red-vented €. Var. B. 64. Leffer white €. 69. Cinereous P. 65. Crowned C. 70. Southern Brown. 66. Black C. 71. Black P. 67. Red and white P: . Mafcarine P. N° 73. Brown 89. PopPAG IR OR sO! 2 ir Brown P. . Hawk-headed P. Var. A, Mailed P. . Ruff-necked P. . Ceram Lory. Var. A. Noira L Var. B. Scarlet L. . Purple-capped L. Var. A. Blue-capped L., - Black-capped L. . Crimfon L. - Molucca L. Var. A. . Grand L. Var. A. - Yellow-breafted L. . Paraguan L. . Red and blue P. . Greenand red Chinefe P. . Great-billed P. . Amboina P. . White-fronted P. Var. A. White-headed P. Var. B. White-crown- ed P. Var. C. Afh-crowned P. Yellow -headed Ama- zon’s P. Var. A. Yellow-crown- Hed Des N°go. gt. 97- 98. 99. 100. 1o!. 102. 103. 104. 105. Var.B.Party-billed D*, Ath-fronted P. Common Amazon’s P. Var A. Jamaica P. Var. B. Main P. Var.C. Blue-topped P. Var. D. W. Indian green P. Var. E. Brafilian yel- low-fronted P. . Yellow-fhouldered P. . ——— winged P. ;. Meally P. . Blue-fronted P. . —— faced P. Var. A. Red and white- faced P. Var. B. Autumnal P. Var. C. Brafilian green PE Red - headed Amaze zon’s P. Manilla green P. New Guinea green P. Robuft P. Agile P. Feftive P. Crimfon-winged P. Red: banded P. Paradife P. N° 106. Aurora Pea Re Re Or rT: N° 106. Aurora P. N° 120. Cheftnut-crowned Par. 107. Blue-headed P. 121. Purple-tailed Par. 108. Little dufky P. 122. Grey-headed Par. 109. Red-throated P. 123. Black-winged Par. 110. Dufky P. 124. Blue-winged Par. x11. Orange-headed P. 125. Collared Par. rig. White-breafted P. 126. Luzonian Par. 113- Hooded P. 127. Little blue and green 114. Senegal P. Par. 115. Red-fronted P. 128. Yellow-throated Par. 116. Golden-winged Par. 129. Green Par. 117. Red- headed Guinea 130. Cayenne Par. Par, 131. Gold-headed Par. 118. Redand green Indian P. 332. Crefted red and green 119. Philippine Par. Par. Var. A.Sapphire-crown- 133. Crefted Mexican Par. ed Par. HE bill in this genus is hooked from the bafe: the upper mandible moveable. Noftrils round, placed in the bafe of the bill, which in fome {pecies is furnithed with a kind of cere. Tongue broad, blunt at the end. Head large, crown flat. Legs fhort: toes placed two before, two behind. Parrots are fo well known in this kingdom, as to make a fur- ther general defcription unneceflary. Thefe birds are found every where within the tropics, a few inftances only excepted. In a ftate of nature, live on fruits and feeds, though will eat flefh, 9 : and Pp Ain Re Re Oa. sy *, when kept tame. For the moft part, make no neft, breeding like Owls in hollow trees +. At certain feafons fly in prodigious troops, but obferved to keep two and two together _ notwithftanding ¢. ‘This genus confifts of infinite variety, per- haps not fo much owing to mixture of fpecies as may be fuppofed,. if Sonnerat’s || remark be true; yet they feeny to run vaftly into one another, fo as to induce one to think many of them related, though received from different parts of the world. In this, how- ever, we may be deceived, as they are perpetually carried from one continent to the other for the fake of fale. ‘This uncertainty of native place muft prevent our following the otherwife judicious plan of Baffox, of ranging them according to the places they are fuppofed to inhabit, and we fhall therefore merely divide them into thofe with wweven, and thofe with even tails, much after the and even fifh * Dr. Forffer, {peaking of the effect of a poifonous fith, obferves, that a little favourite Parrakeet died in confequence of eating a bitofit. See Od/erv. p. 2095 607. and Voy. vol. ii. p. 238.—As to flefh, moft tame ones ‘will eat it when dreffed ; but S/oaze fays, a great Maccaw ‘* fed on raw flefh chiefly, but would ** eat other things likewife.” Hz/?. Fam. vol. i. p. 296. + Fermin fays, that fome of the larger forts make nelts by gathering a quan- tity of rufhes and fimall twigs, which they weave together, and faftcn to the ex- treme branches of the higheft trees. Defcrip. de Surinam, vol. il. p. 177+ } Fermin obferves, that at Surizam; about the time of coffee-gathering, they. are feen by thoufands, of which above an hundred were killed in an hour, and the tongues of them cooked up into a difh, which was thought favoury. De/crip». de Surinam, vol. li. p. 177. sti || He obferves, that notwithftanding Parrots of the fame fpecies are found at great diftances from each other on the continent, yet in the ilands-each maintains a fpecies which is peculiar to that alone, and not to others of the fame group; though the diftance from one to the other be however fmall. Sonu. Voy. p.74- manner PAS RRM, Ob .T. manner of Linneus, giving the beft account poflible of each, con- fiftent with our intended concifenefs. SONNE Tae eto Bho lel ah MG NB IN So Tb awd Cai Uj acse Pfittacus macao, L7n. Sy/t. i. p. 139, N° 1. Scop, Anz. i. p. 26. Ara du Brefil, Brif. orn. iv. 184. t. 19. f. I. L’Ara rouge, Buf. oif. vi. p. 179.—P/. ent. 12. - Pfitt. max. alter, Aidrov. vid. Raii Syn. p. 29. N° 2. Maccaw, Albin. i. pl. 11.— Will. orn. p. 73. Ara premier, Fermin. Deferip. de Surinam, ii. p. 173. Red and blue Maccaw, Edw. t. 158. Bancroft Guian. p. 156." ——_ HE length of this bird is two feet feven inches and a half: the fize that of a Capon. The upper mandible is white; the tip, and fides at the bate, black; the under mandible wholly black : the cheeks are bare of feathers, being covered with only a wrinkled fkin, of a whitifh colour: the irides yellow: the head, neck, breaft, belly, thighs, and upper part of the back, are of a fine bright red: the rump of a pale blue: fcapulars blue and ‘green mixed: the two middle tail feathers red, with pale blue tips; the next on each fide half blue half red; the four outer ones violet blue above, dull red beneath: the legs are dufky ; claws black. Edwards fays, that this bird, when perfect, will meafure a full yard from bill to tail. "a It inhabits Brafil, Guiana, and other parts of South America. The bill of this bird is fo ftrong, that it is able, with it, to break a peach-ftone with great eafe *. * Ort. de Salerne, p. 6. This 199 I. «+ RED AND BLUE MACCAW, DeEscrivTion. Puace. £00 Pip Al mii Ra Orts This Maccaw was formerly pretty common at St. Domingo* ; but in proportion as that ifland has become more inhabited, thefe birds are rarely met with. They moftly live in the moift woods, efpecially thofe planted with a particular kind of palm +, on which it feeds, and of which there are large forefts in the marfhy wet favannahs. They are oftener feen in pairs { than in greater numbers, and are fought after by the natives for food; — but fometimes faid to prove hurtful, having a poifonous quality, arifing from their being driven by hunger to feed on the Man- ehineel apple, which on fuch oceafions does not prove in the leaft injurious to the bird. ‘They make their nefts in decayed trees» enlarging the hole with their bill, where it is not of a fize fuffi- cient for the purpofe, lining the infide with feathers. The female lays two eggs at a time, the fize of thofe of a Pigeon, and {potted like thofe of a Partridge. They breed twice in a year, and the male and female fit on the neft alternately, as well as reciprocally nurfe and feed the young birds. ‘Thefe are tamed with great- eafe, but the old birds are quite indocile. It is faid that the * Tift. desoif: vol. vi. ps. 183. + Palmier latanier —perhaps what is called the Maccaw tree. See Hughes Hift.- Barbad. p.vi4.—Boraffus fabellifer. Linn. ? t Yet fometimes in vaft fights ; for in Az/on’s Voyage, after defcribing the beauties of a fine water-fall at the north eaft point of the Ile of Quido, <* while we were viewing it,”’ fays- he, ‘* there came in fight a prodigious flight of Mac- caws, which hovering over this fpot, and often wheeling and playing on the wing about it, afforded a moft brilliant appearance by the glittering of the fun: on their variegated plumage: fo that fome of the fpectators cannot refrain from a kind of tranfport when they recount the complicated beauties which occurred. in this extraordinary water-fall.”? Aufon’s Voy. p. 2180- Maccaws PA ae RO (ad. Maccaws in general do not learn to fpeak *, and that their voice is particularly rough and difagreeable. The flefh is hard, black, and unfavoury, but makes good foup, and furnifhes a great part of the food of the inhabitants of Cayenne, as well as other parts of South America. This fpecies, in common with other Parrots, is fubje€ to fits when kept tame; but, notwithftanding, will live many years, though the returns be pretty frequent; yet at laft is obferved to fall a victim to this complaint rather than any other. It is called in America by the name of Gonzalo t. L?Ara dela Jamaique, Brif. orn. iv. p. 188. N° 2. Le petit ara rouge, Buf. oi/. vi. p. 180.—Pl. enl. 641. Aracanga Marcgravii, Raii Syz. p. 29. N° 3. Maccaw from Jamaica, /din. ii. t. 17.—Brown’s Famaica, po 472. The Maccaw, called Aracanga, Will. orn. p. 111. Red and yellow Maccaw, Bancroft. Guiana. p.156. HE length of this bird is two feet eight inches and a half, the tail itfelf being one foot eight inches and three quarters. The bill is like that of the laft: irides luteous: noftrils placed in a naked white fkin, at the bafe of the upper mandible: the cheeks are white and naked: general colour of the plumage - fcarlet: rump pale blue: fcapulars luteous, tipped with green: the eighteen firft quills are blue, with a fhade of violet, the inner edge blackifh; the others green, variegated with blue and ® This fpecies is faid to fpeak very diftinétly, if inftru&ed when young, but naturally fqualls very much. Defer. de Surinam, vol. ii. p. 173. + Scopol, Ann. Hift. Nat. i. p. 27. sn Dred purplifh 201 YELLOW MACCAW. DEscRIPTION. PLAcE, 3. MILITARY MACCAW, DESCRIPTION. PA RR Ow. purplith cheftnut ; all the quills have black fhafts, and are of a dull red beneath: the two middle tail feathers are pale blue above ; the next are half red half blue; and the four outer ones blue, with a tinge of violet next the fhaft: the tail, both of this and the foregoing, is much cuneated, the two middle feathers exceeding the two outer ones by thirteen inches and a half: the whole tail is of a dull red beneath : the legs are brown, and the claws black. Mr. Bancroft fays, that this is fomewhat lefs than the former, and that it is lefs common in Guiana, to which part it is peculiar ; and adds, that the bill is wholly of a black colour. Briffon fays, that it inhabits Famaica, and Brafil likewife, but fets it down as a diftinét fpecies; while Linneus and Buffon clearly think it a variety only of the former. As I have only feen the firft, I here remark the difference in.the PJ. enl/um.: in the laft the eye is merely encircled with an irregular, rounded; bare, white fkin; but in the firft, this fkin goes on to the under man- dible: If the fame fpecies, it is probable that this lait may be a bird not come to its full plumage. In A/din’s figure there, is a white fpace round the eye, but it does not feem bare of feathers, Pfittacus-militaris, L7. Sy/. 1. p. 139. N° 2. Largeft Guiana Parrot, Bancroft. Guian. p. 158. Great green Maccaw, Edw. t. 313. HE bill is black: forehead red: body green: wings and rump blue: tail red, wedge-fhaped, with the tips of the fea- thers blue: the cheeks are naked, and marked with flender lines, compofed of black feathers. 7 Where Where it inhabits is not mentioned; nor does Linneus quote any author; but it furely can be no other than that of Edwards, mentioned above; if fo, by the outline, which is expreffed as large as life, it fhould feem to be not far fhort of the fize of the for- mer ones. He fays, that the irides are yellow; under tail co- verts mixed with red: quills, and part of the row of feathers above them, fine fky blue: middle of the back, rump, and upper tail coverts, blue: infide of the wings, and under the tail, of a dirty orange-colour : legs dufky flefh-colour. Mr. Edwards’s defcription was taken from a living bird at Pd. Garteret Webb's, Fxg. Mr. Bancroft’s largeft Parrot of Guiana may perhaps prove to be the fame with the above*. He fays, it is almoft as big as a Maccaw. It’s bill is long, flender, and of a flefh-colour: the body covered with feathers of a beautiful pea-green: thofe at the top of the head, and upper edge of the wing, red: tail long, compofed of green, red, and purple feathers. Thefe, he fays, are . frequent at Demerary, and often fpeak very diftinct. Called by the natives Acu/bé. ® Buffon will have it to be a variety of his dra vert. Hijft. des oi/. Vie Ps 2014 Dde Pfittacus 203 204. be BLUE AND YELLOW MACCAW. DEScRIFFLoNe. PLACE. Pe Ar Ra Re OR he Pfittacus ararauna, Lia. $)f. i. p. 139. N°3.—Scop. anan.i. p. 27. N° 220. L’Ara bleu & jaune du Brefil, Bri/. orn. iv. 193. t. 20. L’Ara bleu, Buf. oif. vi. 191.—Pl. enl. 36.—Defcrip. de Surinam, vol. ie P. 174. Pfittacus max. cyanocroc. Aldrov. Razz Syz. p. 28. 1. p. 181. 5- Aldrov. blue and yellow Maccaw, Will, orn. p. 110. N° 1. Brafilian Ararauna, ———————— p: 111. N° 4. t.15. Blue and yellow Maccaw, Edw. t. 159. Lev. Mu/. HIS is about the fize of the former ones: length two feet - feven inches and a half. Bill black: forehead to the crown, and the fides of the head, dull green; the reft of the upper parts, to the coverts of the tail, are of a fine blue: cheeks and throat covered with a bare white fkin; each cheek is befet with black lines, compofed of very fhort feathers, which arife at the angles of the mouth, and paffing beneath the eyes, tend towards the hind head: eyelids edged with black: irides pale yellow: from the lower part of the neck to the tail the plumage is of a faffron- colour, and in fome birds there is likewife a mixture of faffron- colour on the wing coverts*: the tail is blue above, and the two middle feathers of one plain colour; the reft have the inner margins inclining to violet, and near the bafe margined with blackith : the tail is much cuneated, as in thofe before noted = the legs cinereous : claws black. Inhabits Jamaica, Guiana, Brafil, and Surinam. ® ThisI obferve to be the cafe in the Plauches enluminéese L’Ara Pe Ary Rees Re 1 OK) Ps L’Ara bleu & jaune de la Jamaique, Bri/. orz. iv. p. 197, N° 3. Pfittac. max. cerul. varius, cauda produéta, Brown’s Fam. p. 2720 Blue Maccaw, bin. iil. t. 10. LBIN fays, this bird has not thofe feathery lines on the cheeks and throat which are confpicuous in the others ; and that the top of the head in this is blue, where in the other it is. of a dull green, otherwife one defcription might ferve : but. he. errs in fuppofing this to be the female of the red and blue Mac- caw, for it furely can be no other than a mere variety of the laft- mentioned. : This bird inhabits the fame places with that bird, but is not fo plenty by far; it does not herd with it, nor do they even meet together with civility. The inhabitants know the one from the other by the cry, which is very different, and fay that it does not pronounce the word ara fo diftin& as the blue and red Maccaw. La Perriche ara, Buf. of. vi. p. 277. — de Cayenne, P/. enl. 864. a Barrere Fran, equim. p. 145. f BARRERE is the firft who has mentioned this bird. It is in ~" length eighteen inches, the tail itfelf meafuring nine inches. From the angles of the mouth to beyond the eyes it is bare of feathers: the top and fides of the head are green, with a mixture of deep blue, fo as in certain afpects to appear intirely blue: the throat, fore part of the neck, and upper part of the breaft, have a ftrong tinge of rufous; the reft of the breaft, belly, and fides, 9 oreeny 205. DESCRIPTION. PLACE. 5s PARROT MACCAW. DESCRIPTION. Pilace. 6. BLACK MACCAW. DescriPTion, Manners. Ie OBSCURE - PARROT, Description. PAR BOUT: green, but paler than the back; lower part of the belly, and vent, red brown; under part of the wings and tail yellowith green ; the laft much cuneated: the upper part of the body, wings, and tail, of a dark green: quills blue, bordered with green, and tipped with brown on the outer fide. Inhabits Cayenne and Guiana. The natives of the laft call it It is faid to be a bird of paflage, and to frequent the moift favannas, like other Maccaws, living like them on the fruits of the palm. It pronounces the word ara pretty diftinct, but in a more fharp tone of voice. Makavouanne. Ara noir, Buf. of. vol. vi. 202. Araruna ou Machao, De Laét Defer. des-Ind. or. p. 490. UFFON defcribes this bird from probable hearfay, as a fpe- cies well known to the inhabitants of Guiana; and fays, that the plumage is black, but fo blended with green, that in the fun it has a moft {plendid appearance: the bill and eyes reddifh: and the legs yellow. {t differs from the other Maccaws, in that it never approaches near habitations, keeping on the tops of dry and barren moun- tains and-rocks, and in the inland parts. Pfittacus obfcurus, Liz. Sy/. p. 140. 4. ——_—_—-_ Hail. Itin. p. 236. 18. IZE of a Jay. Bill black ; feathers furrounding the bafe -of it alfo black, rough, and be‘et with hairs: {pace round the eyes white : irides yellow: crown variegated with cinereous and ; ‘black : FA R RO TF. Black: upper parts of the neck and wings black: belly and thighs cinereous, with tranfverfe hoary lines: tubercles of the legs black; claws the fame, crooked, and blunt: tail: wholly of an afh-colour, cuneiform. Inhabits Africa. The only one who has defcribed this bird is Haffelquift, from whom Linneus had his account. As to that which-Linneus refers to in Briffon, it is quite a different fpecies ; and he mentions it-as fuch in his laft Mantiffa, 1771, p.-524. Pfittacusnobilis, Lin. Spf. p. 140. N° 5. nobilis, Muf. Adolp. Fr. 2. p. 13. ee ee quotes here many others, but all of them corre- fpond with the Parrot of Amazon’s, and varieties, fo cannot be meant as defcriptive of that in the Mu/. Adelphi, of which the following is a copy. Size of a Turtle. Face naked and white: the body wholly of a green colour: bend of the wing fcarlet: quills green: tail green likewife, and wedge-fhaped. Inhabits Surinam ; Linnaeus {ays Afia. rf F Piittacus 207) 'PLack B. NOBLE PARROT. DeEscrRiPTIoON. PLace, 9. BRASILIAN GREEN MACCAW, DeEscRIPTION. PLACE. Pe SRR Oar. Piittacus:feverus, Lin. Syf. i. p. 140. N°6. Scop. Ann.i. p. 27. N° 23. L’Ara verd du Brefil, Bri. orn. iv. p. 198. N° 6. L’Ara verd & rouge du Brefil, Brif orn. iv. p. 202. N° 7. L’Ara vert, Buf. cif. vi. p. 194. t. 8. L’Ara verd du Brefil, Pl. enl. 383. Maracana » Will. orn. 112. N° 5. 6. Brafilian green Maccaw, Edw. t. 229. ——— ape bird is equal to the grey Parrot in fize: in length one foot five inches. The bill is black; and it has a bare white fin on the cheeks, marked with fome lines of black, in which-the eyes are placed : irides of a golden yellow: the general colour of the plumage 1s green: the forehead cheftnut purple; at the lower jaw a {tripe of the fame*: crown blue, which colour blends itfelf by degrees with the green, as it paffes backwards: on the lower part of the thighs the feathers are red: edge of the wing crim- fon: fome of the wing coverts and quills are blue, and the outer edge of the laft black: tail above green; near the ends blue; beneath of a dull red: legs brown: claws black. I believe this bird to be the fame with the f/mall Maccaw of Sloane +, as well as both the green Maccaws of Briffon; the dif= ference confifting, by his defcription, merely in having the fore- head brown, the crown a blue green, and the green colour darker than in the other. 3 Both of them are common at Jamaica, Guiana, and Brafil. © This is not exprefied in the Planches enluminées ; nor is there any red on the lower part of the thighs. + Which he fays are common in the woods, and eaten as Pigeons; but when young are tamed and kept as Parrots. Sloane Fam. vol. ii. p. 297. N° 6. Pfittacus Be se oe RS OT, Pfittacus eupatria, Liz. Sy?. i. p. 140. N°7. La Perruche de Gingi, Brif. orn. iv. p. 343. t.29. f. 1.—Pl. en). 239. La grande Perruche a ailes rougeatres, Buf. cif. vi. p. 156. HIS bird meafures twenty-one inches in length. The bill is crimfon: round the eyes is a naked reddifh fkin: the plumage above is of a deep olive green, and beneath of a pale green, with a mixture of yellow: throat and fore part of the neck inclining to afh: wing coverts neareft the body of a dull red; the others green: quills green, edged with black: tail thir- teen inches in length; the two middle feathers nine inches and three quarters longer than the two outer ones; the colour green, with brown fhafts: wings, when clofed, reach one-third of the length of the tail: legs reddifh: claws black. Inhabits the kingdom of Ging? in the Haft Indies. I believe this bird not to be common: I never faw but one, which, after living many years in the houfe of a friend, at laft died, and fell into my poffeffion. Pfittacus Japonicus, Liz. Syf.i. p. 141, N° 8S. ! La Perruche du Japon, Brif. orn. iv. p. 362. La Perruche verte & rouge, Buf. oif. vi. p. 159. Pfitt. erythrochlorus macrour. Japon. Aldrov. Raii Syz. p. 34. N° 3. Red and yellow, or pale green Parrot of Aldrovandus, Wail. orn. p. 116. fect. 2. N fize this is equal to the common green Parrakeet: the tail itfelf is longer than the whole body, and much cuneated. The billis red: iridesthe fame: plumage above green: fcapulars blue: on each Bie fide 209 10. + GINGI PARROT, Description. Prace. Tl. JAPONESE PARROT. DESCRIPTION» Brace, 12. AMBOINA RED PARROT. DeEscRIPTIONe Bray Re On a fide of the head are two blue {pots ; one before, the other behind the eyes: throat ferruginous red ; from this part the feathers are red, and the tips marked with longitudinal black lines : the wing ce- verts have white fhafts : the two firft of the prime quills are ereen ; the others of a deep blue, and all of them have the fhafts white: the two middle tail feathers are green, with white fhafts ; the others red, with the fhafts black: lees and claws of a fine black. Said to inhabit Fapan. Mr. Willughby fufpects this to be fic- titious, as A/drovandus drew his defcription merely from a paint- ing fent out of Fapan. Pfittacus Amboinenfis, Lizz. Sj/ft. i. p. 141. N° g. Le Perruche rouge d’Amboine, Brif. orz. iv. p. 378. t. 28. f. 2, Le Lori Perruche tricolor, Buf. oi/. vi. p. 138. Perruche rouge d’Amboine, PJ. ez/. 240. A Little bigger than a Turtle: length fifteen inches and a half. The bill is red, with a black tip: head, throat, neck, and under parts, fine fcarlet: back, rump, upper tail, leffer under wing coverts, and the. edge of the wing, fine blue: under tail coverts violet in the middle, furrounded with red: all the quills are blackifh beneath, but the greater ones above are deep green on the outer edges and tips, and the inner fide blackifh: the two middle tail feathers are nine inches and a half in length, and of a violet brown; the reft fhorten by degrees, and are of the fame co- lour on the outer edge only, the inner being blackifh; the two outmoft on each fide have alfo the inner margin edged with red; thefe PAR RY Ob T:. ani thefe are fhorter by four inches than thofe of the middle: legs and claws red. Inhabits Amboina. Poaces sy Pfittacus cyanocephalus, Liz. Sj/f. i. p. 141. N® to. La Perruche a téte blue, Brif orn. iv. p. 359. t. 19. f. 2. —_— —_—_. —_——. Bf. vif. vi. p. 145. Perruche a téte blue des Indes orientales, Pd. en/. 192. 13. BLUE-HEADED PARROT. IZE of a common Parrakeet: length eleven inches-and a half. Dezscrirrron. The upper mandible is yellow, with a pale ath-coloured tip ; the lower of a plain afh-colour: eyes ina naked yellowifh flkin: above, the plumage is green; beneath, yellow green: the fore- head inclining to red: the head itfelf is blue: throat violet, in- clining to afh: fides of the neck luteous: hind part of the neck, back, and fcapulars, green: the lower part of the back, rump, and upper tail coverts, of a fhining green: fore part of the neck yellow green, lightening into yellow at the fides: from the breaft to the tail greenifh yellow: wing coverts green: quills green above, the inner webs and tips deep afh; beneath’ cinereous ; fhafts black, except that of the firft feather, which is whitifh: the two middle tail feathers are greenifh, verging to blue at the ends ; the next the fame, but yellow within ; and the four outer ones on each fide green on the outer webs, luteous on the inner; the webs above black, beneath white; all but the two middle ones tipped with yellow, and the whole tail yellowith afh-colour beneath ; the two middle feathers exceed the outer ones by near four inches : legs blueifh: claws grey. Inhabits the Eaft Indies. Pace. Eez Pfittacus 212 14. RED- BREASTED PARROT. DESCRIPTIONe PLacs. 14. Var. A. ORANGE- BREASTED PARROT. DEsCRIPTION. PA Re Reon Te Pfittacus hematodus, Liz. Mant. 1771. p. 524. La Perruche variée d’Amboine, Bri/. orn. iv. p. 364. N° 72. La Perruche a face bleue, Buf. oi/. vi. p. 150. Perruche d’Amboine, PJ. ex/. 61. Red-breafted Parrakeet, Edw. glean. t. 232. ENGTH eleven inches: fize of the common Parrakeet, Bill yellowifh white: cere yellowifh: feathers round the bill, taking in half the crown above, and the chin beneath, of a deep blue; the reft of the head and neck green*; behind the laft a yellow ring: the upper parts of the body are green: fore part of the neck and breaft of a fine orange red, edged with deep blue: upper part of the belly deep green; lower part yellow green, marked with deeper green: edge of the wing yellow: under wing coverts red: tail four inches and three quarters in length; much cuneated; above green; beneath dirty green: legs blackifh. Inhabits Amboina. Perruche des Moluques, Buf. oi/. vi. p. 150. ———— —— —— — PI. nl, 743. "THIS is ten inches long. The bill reddifh white: the whole head blue, and a fpot of this colour on the belly : it has the breaft red, mixed with yellow, but not edged with blue: the tails of this and the laft are as long as the bodies +. * In the Planches exluminées the hind head is brown. + In the Planches exluminées the feathers which cover the outfide of the thighs are cheftnut, with dufky edges. M. de Be Re Re Ts M. de Buffon fuppofes this and the laft to be varieties only. To which I may add a:further one, the next defcribed, Blue-bellied Parrot, Brown’s Illufr. p. 14. te 7. Br. Muf. Lev. Muf. — HE length of this beautiful Parrot is fifteeninches. The bill is reddifh: orbits black: head and throat dark blue, with a mixture of lighter blue feathers: back part of the head green ; towards the throat yellow green: back and wings green: prime quills dufky, barred with yellow: breaft red mixed with yellow : belly of a fine blue: thighs green and yellow: tail cu- neiform.; the two middle feathers green; the. others the fame, but bright yellow on the outer edges: legs dufky. Inhabits Botany Bay in New Holland. Ara varié des Moluques, Bri/: orn. iv. p. 197. N° s. La grande Perruche a bandeau noir, Buf. oi/. vi. p. 158. Pfitt, orient. exquifit. Loeri digtus, Sebai. p. 63. f. 4..* - Pfitt. capite nigro, collari viridi, Kleiz. Av. p. 25. N°16. LITTLE bigger than the Amazon’s Parrot: length fourteen inches, of which the tail is fix inches and three quarters. The upper part of the.head is black; the neck furrounded with a collar of green and red: back, rump, fcapulars, wing and tail ‘coverts, deep blue: throat, fore part of the neck, and breaft, fine * Scba’s figure has three toes before,.and two behind, being five in all; no doubt, a miftake of the engraver. light Go 14 Var. B. BLUE-BELLIED PARROT. ~ DEscRIPTION, PLAGE, iN BLACK- CROWNED PARROT. DESCRIPTION: 214 PLact. 16. + TABUAN PARROT. Pr. Vil. Desceiprion, Puact. = PS HAN i Rem sR (OMT light red: belly, fides, thighs, and under tail coverts, deep-green varied with red: quills deep blue: tail green above, red be neath, and bordered with black ; in fhape much cuneated. Inhabits the Molucca Iflands. Buffon * will not have this called a Maccaw, as he obferves that there are none in that part of the world, Seba fays, his bird came from. Papua. Lev. Muf. -ENGTH nineteen inches. Bill black : the forehead very dark purplifh black: chin and throat dufky-purple: round the bafe of the under mandible the feathers, which project over it, are green; the reft of the head, neck, breaft, and belly, very deep crimfon: back, rump, and wing coverts, fine deep green: on the lower part of the neck, between that and the back, a crefcent of blue: the baftard wing, and prime quills, are fine deep blue; fecondaries green, fringed with blue: tail cuneiform; the two ‘middle feathers eight inches in length, of a deep blue, deeply margined with green, with ends of the laft colour; all the others deep blue; the fhafts of all of them black: the legs dufky. This is a beautiful fpecies, and is found at Longo Tabboo, and .the other. Friendly Iles in the South Seas. © Hit. des.vif, Vic Pe 2020. ARVs 12 A AG SS OG Jaa Le petit Lori Papou, Sox, Vays p. 175. te Il le IZE of the Lory Parrakeet: length fixteen inches. Bill hooked, fharp at the end, and of a red colour: head, neck, and breaft, of a bright carmine red: on the back part of the head. a fpot of blue; beneath this are two crefcents of black : wings green, fhort; the green colour extends acrofs the middle of the back, forming there a large fpot ; the reft of the back to the tail is of a bright red, with a ftreak of blue down the middle: on each fide of the wing, juft at the bafe, is an oblong yellow fpot, and juft above each thigh a large fpot of the fame: the belly and under tail coverts are red: tail cuneiform, and longer than all the reft of the bird; it-is-green for two thirds of its length, the reft yellow: legs of a bright red. - Inhabits Papua. IR Fofeph Banks is in poffeffion of one of thefe birds, which anfwers to the above defcription; but I obferve, in his {peci- men, that the breaft inclines much to purple; and. acrofs’ the o15 17. PAPUAN LORY. DeEscRIPTION. PLace. 17. Var. As belly is a band of black, edged with green on the upper part: - the middle tail feathers are eleven inches in length; the outer ones only three inches. [TN the Leverian Mufeum there are likewife two further varieties, The firft of thefe is as big in the body, but the tail fcarcely half the length: the hind part of: the neck. blue black, and the 5 feathers. f 216 17. Var. Co 18. LONG-TAILED SCARLET LORY. DEscRipTion. EP Aro, Oot. feathers fomewhat longer than the reft: the general colour of the plumage fcarlet: on the middle of the back, between the wings, a fmall yellow fpot: between this and the rump blue, with a mixture of green: fides of the body and thighs yellow: wings green: quills dufky, *F4HE other wants the blue-black on the hind head: the mid- dle of the belly is green: and the yellow on the fides comes fo forward on the breaft as almoft to form a crefcent on that part: wings and tail the fame as in the other. The colour of the back could not be decided, as the bird was clofed in a glafs cafe, and the wings wholly: covered that part. ‘Pfittacus Borneus, Liz. Syf.i. p. 141. N° 1d. La Perruche rouge de Borneo, Bri/. orn. iv. p. 373. N° 77. Le Lori Perruche rouge, N° 1. Buf. cif. vi. p. 137. Long-tailed {carlet Lory, Eda. t. 173. IN length eight inches and a half. Bill orange-coloured: eye ‘in a bare dufky fkin: colour all over of a fine fcarlet, except the top of the wing, which is green: fome of the wing feathers are tipped with blue, and others with green: the tips of all the tail feathers are greenifh, and the two outer ones of a greenifh colour: the whole length on the outfide the tail is cuneated; the two middle feathers longer by an inch and a half than the outer ones: the under tail-coverts are of a dull red, fringed with blue: on the neck and bfeaft is a flight mixture of yellow: legs dufky. Ido POeAUR*R “OT, 1 do not find any one who has defcribed it before Edwards ; he purchafed it ftuffed at a toy-fhop, and was informed that it came from Borneo, in the Eaft Indies. La Perruche rouge des Indes, Brif- orn. iv. p. 376. t. 25. f. 2. Le Lori Perruche violet & rouge, N° 2. Buf. oif. vi. p. 138. Perruche des Indes orientales, P/. exl. 143. “TBs a trifle bigger than the laft, being in length ten inches and three quarters, of which the tail makes up one-third. The bill is reddifhy; tip black: forehead, hind part, and fides of the head and throat, fcarlet : crown, hind part of the neck, and the breaft, inclining to violet blue: on each fide of the head is a ftripe of the fame colour, reaching from the corner of the eye, and joining the violet at the back part of the neck : the fore part of the neck is pale red, mixed with brown and violet: back and fcapulars brown, with a flight mixture of red: lower part of the back, the rump, and upper tail coverts, deep red: belly, fides, thighs, and lower tail coverts, red, brown, and violet blue, mixed: under the wings fcarlet: greater quills pale brown; the fecondaries tipped with violet brown: tail four inches and three quarters in length; the two outer feathers much fhorter than the middle ones: legs and claws brown. Inhabits Amboina. ENGTH fifteen inches. Bill yellowifh brown: round the bafe of the under mandible and chin fine blue: head, neck, rump, and under parts, crimfon; the laft paleft:. back brown; Ff each. O17 Prack. 19. INDIAN LORY. DescriPTion. PLACE. 20. BEAUTIFUL LORY. DeEscRIPTION. 20. Var. Ap DESCRIPTION. PPASRER FOL TS? each feather margined with dullifh red, between which and the-- brown, on each feather, runs aline of green: fhoulders pale blue,. mixed with a little red: on the lower part of the back the fea- thers have a greater depth of red at the margin ; and, as the fea-. thers approach the rump, by covering one another, appear all: red: wing coverts plain brown; many of the outer ones, and the- bend of the wing, pale blue; but on the laft is a little mixture of red: quills dufky, with deep blue edges: fecondaries the fame,. edged with red, with a line of green between, as in the back: tail: cuneiform, feven inches long; general colour greenifh brown ; the: two middle feathers. green down the fhafts; all of them margined. on the outer webs with blue, and, except the middle ones, have- the tips. whitifh: legs dufky. I am indebted to Sir Fofeph Banks for this defcription, raat a perfect {pecimen i in his poffeffion. Native place uncertain. ENGTH twelve inches. Bill lead-colour; point yellows: head, neck, and breaft, deep dull crimfon: the upper parts. ox the body, wings, and tail, green: the quills dufky, with blue- edges: the tail cuneiform, and four inches in length:: the legs. are black. Place uncertain, It appears to me as a. variety of the laft;. perhaps the other fex. PAR RO Le petit Lori de Gueby, Sov. Voy. p. 174. t. 109. Le Lori rouge & violet, Buf. cif. vi. p. 135- Lori de Guéby, Pi. ex/. 684. HIS is faid to be half the fize of the Amazons Parrot. Bill and irides the colour of fire: head, throat, back, belly, and wing coverts, of as bright a red as carmine: quills black, with a tranfverfe band acrofs their whole breadth: tail red brown. Inhabits Gueby*. Mr. Sonnerat 1s not fufficiently explicit in his defcription; but F am clear that he means the very fame bird now in my pofleffien, as it anfwers in every particular to his defcription. In my bird, the length is nine inches and a half: the fize is that of the Lory Parrakeet. ‘The band acrofs the wings is of the fame carmine with the reft of the body, with the addition of a broad ring of purple, beginning at the lower part of the neck behind, and paffing to the breaft, where it occupies a broad fpace: there is alfo a bed of blackifh purple on the belly: the tail is cuneiform ; the outer feather an inch fhorter than the middle ones: the legs are dufky. I mention this, fuppofing Mr. Sonnerat’s bird not having yet come to its full colour, which fome Parrots do not arrive at for two or three years. This beautiful creature I had prefented to me, on its death, by the Right Hon. Lady Mary Scott, who kept it alive for feveral years, during which time it was perfectly docile. * I fancy this is laid down in our maps by the name of Giddy, a fmall ifland between Gilolo and New Guinea. Ff2 ~ Perroquet 219° 2Ne ae. a GUEBY LORY. DESCRIFTION. PLace. REMARKs. 220 Zio Var. A VIOLET LORY. DESCRIPTION» PLacek. f AZo VARIEGATED LORY, DescRipTIONs Pr ARS Re Ou kr: Perroquet violet, Ferm. Defer. de Surins vol. ii Po 175¢ ue bill is black; very ftrong: iris of a gold-colour: the — head, and all the upper parts, of a fine crimfon: breaft and belly fine violet: the head appears as if divided from the body by a line of violet, which paffes on each fide to the violet on the breaft, giving it the appearance of the ftring of a /hoe-maker’s apron *: the fcapulars are of a fine blue: wings and tail green and red; whether the laft be long or fhort not mentioned. Inhabits the coafts of the Amazons Country. I may furely ven- ture to place this as a variety of the laft, rather than a diftinc& {pecies. Lev, Mu/: ENGTH. from ten to eleven inches: in fize lefs than the {carlet Lory. Bill dufky: general colour of the plumage deep fcarlet: the lower part of the neck, and beginning of the back, and round to the breaft, the belly, and vent, are of a fine purplith blue, but inclining to a greenifh black on the lower part of the belly: the upper part of the wings is wholly red; the quills are dufky at the ends, but on the inner webs yellow :. the wing, when lifted up, appears beneath to have one third from the fhoulder red and yellow mixed; the middle yellow; and the ends dufky: the tail is very little cuneated ;. the feathers green; the ® Semble former le collier d'un tablier de Cordonnier. Fermin infide (6 RO oR. OL OE. infide near the bafe reddifh; the outer edge near the ends blue. This is a moft beautiful bird, and is faid to have come from the Eaft Indies. The three laft feem to bear great affinity to three mentioned by Pernetty*, but his defcription of them is too imperfect to be relied on. Lori noir de 1a Nouvelle Guinée, Sox. Voy. p. 175. t. IIT oo —— Forres Voy. to New Guineas p. 133-. —= SIZE of the common: Parrakeet. Bill blackifh:. eye in a bare brown fkin: iris compofed of two circles; the greater. one blue, and the leffer red brown: the plumage black, with a tinge of blue, which has at once both.a metalline glofs, as well as the foftnefs of velvet : the tail is cuneiform, but fot in a great de- gree, but is long; it is black above, and of. a.dull red beneath :. legs blackith. Inhabits New Guinea. Pfittacus ornatus, Lin. Sy. i. p. 143- N° 196 La Perruche variée des Indes, Brif. orn. iv. p. 366. N° 73s. La Perruche Lori, Buf oi/ Vi. Ps 145% Perruche variée des Indes orientales, P/. enl. 552. Lory Parrakeet, Eda. iv. t. 174. “HE length of: this beautiful fpecies is eight inches.. The bill of a pale orange : cere brownith: eyes placed in a bare afh-coloured {Kin: iris orange red: the upper part of the head is * Voy, anxMalouines, vol. i. p. 177° of | Q2r - PLAcE. 27nn BLACK LORY. DESCRIPTION. PLACE. 240 LORY PARRAKEET. DESCRIPTION. (=) te PLACE. Ep AD Re RE Ou. a of a fine black blue: on the hind head is a crimfon crefcent, with the points towards the eyes: on each fide of the head, be- hind and above the eyes, is a fine black blue fpot: behind this is another of a yellowifh colour, placed longitudinally : on fides of the head under the eyes, the throat, the fore part of the neck, and breaft, the feathers are fcarlet, edged with blackifh green: hind part of the neck, back, rump, fcapulars, upper wing and tail coverts, belly, thighs, and fides, green: on each fide of the neck is a yellow longitudinal ftripe: the feathers on the mid- dle of the back, and fides of the belly, are tipped with yellow: quills green on the outer, dark brown or blackifh on the inner webs: tail three inches and a half long; the two middle feathers green; the others the fame, but with yellowifh ends; beneath reddifh: legs and claws cinereous. Inhabits the Eaf Indies. Mr. Bancroft * mentions the Lory Parrakeet of Edwards being in Guiana, and defcribes it as ‘ being of a yellowifh green, with a long tail; the hinder part of the head and throat red, but the top and fides of the head blue.” According to Buffon, this muft have been one imported into Guiana, as he does not allow of two climates for the fame Parrot. * Hift. of Guiana, p. 162. La Poa RoR OF. Tia Perruche rouge hupée de-Java, Brif. orn. iv. p. 381. 80. La Perruche huppée, Buf. oi/. vi. p. 160. Pfittacus parvus Bontii, Razz Syz. p. 34. N° 5. Bontius’s {mall Parrakeet, Will. orn. p. 120. N° 7. GIZE of a Lark. Bill. grey: cere whitifh: eyes black, and placed in a bare filvery white fkin: the head is crefted: the general colour of the plumage fearlet: throat grey: fore part of the neck and breaft rofe-colour: fcapulars and wing coverts red and green. mixed: quills the fame: the tail is long, reaching ten’ inches beyond the wings when clofed: the two middle feathers are fcarlet; the others of a rofe-colour tipped with blue, and have a mixture of green. Inhabits Fava. Wallughby fays of this: bird,. that when “ ex- pofed to the fun, it reprefents a thoufand varieties of fhining co- lours, and can hardly be expreffed by a painter.” He alfo adds, that thefe Parrots are “ found chiefly in the midland countries, and that they rooft and build on the higheft trees. They fly in companies, and with a great noife, as do the whole tribe of Par- rots. They are alfo garrulous, and learn. to. pronounce fome: words if they be kept tame.” 223 ZIP CRESTED RED PARRAKEET. DeEsCRIPTION».- \ PLace AND: Mannerse- 26. YELLOW- HEADED PARROT, DEscRIPTION, PLaceE. 276 ANGOLA YELLOW PARROT. DESCRIPTION. PPA Ry OG as, La petite Perruche jaune des Brefil, Brif. orn. iv. p. 399. N° 91. Le Jendaya, Buf. oi/. vi. p. 262. Jendaya, Raii Syn. p.34. N°s. Will. orn. p. 116. feet. 4. N° 5, IZE of a Blackbird. Bill black: orbits naked, white: irides gold-colour: colour of the plumage green above, yellow be- neath: bottom of the belly green: head and neck yellow: legs and claws black. Inhabits Brafil, and called Fendaya. M. de Buffon has ventured to place this among the long-tailed fpecies, though Briffon has ranked it with the fhort-tailed ones: in fact, neither of them knows for certain, as they are both copyifts of Marcgrave, whe does not mention the fhape of the tail. ‘Pfittacus folftitialis, Liz. Syf.i. p. 141. N° 12. : La Perruche jaune d’Angole, Brif. orn.iv. p. 371. N° 76. ‘Le Perruche jaune, Buf. oif.'vi. p. 147. Langfchwantziger-gelber papagey, Fri/ch. t. 53- Pfittacus aurantius, 7. Fr. Miller, pl. 5. Parroquet from Angola, A/biz. ili. t. 13. Lev. Muf. ENGTH eleven inches and a half: fize of a Turtle. Bill greenifh afh-colour: eyes and bafe of the bill furrounded with a pale afh-coloured fkin: irides dull yellow: general colour of the plumage orange yellow: the back and wing coverts marked with yellow green fpots: the rump and upper tail coverts yel- low green: fides and thighs red: wing coverts neareft the body “yellowifh A GRY WR ©) ae. yellowifh green, edged with orange yellow; thofe fartheft from the body blue: greater quills blue on the outfide, and of a yel- lowifh green within; the leffer ones of the laft colour: the fix middle tail feathers yellowifh green; the three outfide ones the fame, but blue on the outer edge: tail wedge-fhaped: legs and claws reddith. Inhabits Angola; but Albin, though he has given it this title, fays it came from the Eaft Indies, and adds, that it learns to talk. In Frifch, the bill is red-brown, and round the eye the fkin is red, La Perruche jaune du Brefil, Bri/. orz. iv. p. 369. Le Guarouba ou Perriche jaune, Buf. cif. vi. p. 2726 Perruche jaune de Cayenne, PJ. exl. 525. Quijubatui, Raiz Syz. p. 35. Will. orn. p. 117. feet. 4. at the end. HIS beautiful fpecies is lefs than the common Parrakeet : the length about eleven inches. Bill grey: eyes black: the | whole bird of a fine yellow, except the greater quills, which are green: the tail is yellow, cuneated, and pretty long. Inhabits Braf/, fometimes in the Amazons Country *, but not found at Cayenne. It is called by the natives Guiaruba, which fignifies yellow bird. It doesnot learn to talk. It is a folitary bird, and not difficult to tame. ‘The natives, in the fale of it, fet @ great price, on account of its {carcity ; however, the bird * Hift. des oif. Vi. p. 273. Ge which 228 PLacE. 28. +- BRASILIAN YELLOW PARROT, DeEscriIPTION. PuLacs. 226 28. Var. A. MEXICAN YELLOW PARROT. DEsCRIPTIONe Pracz. Py AC ORY Re Oy Ts which MM. de Buffon fpeaks of * is fome variety of this fpecies, as he fays it has a mixture of green on the wing coverts, as well as a mixture of colours in the tail feathers, the points of which are violet blue: the middle of the tail and the rump are green, bor- dered with yellow: reft of the body faffron or orange-colour. I have one of thefe birds, as defcribed by Willughby, in my col. le€tion ; and there is another in the poffeflion of Capt. Davies ; and I remember likewife to have feen a third, which was a trifle lefs in fize, and had a mixture of here and there a green feather through- out the whole plumage; but the tail was of a pure yellow. I make no doubt of this being a young bird, and that M. de Buffon’s. was either 10, or differing in fex. La Perruche jaune du Mexique, Brif. orn.iv. p. 370. Avis Cocho, Pfittaci Mexicani fpecies, Sed. i. t. 64. f. 4. N fize it is equal to the common Parrakeet: length eleven: inches. Bill reddifh: the head is of a pale red: the neck of an orange red: back, rump, breaft, belly, fides, thighs, upper and: under tail coverts, light yellow: upper wing coverts varied with green, red, and orange: quills green: tail wedge-fhaped, and of a pale yellow. Inhabits Mexico: fuppofed to be a variety of the laft +. * See Planches enluminées, 525. + Hift. des cif. vic p. 274. (3); Pfittacus: Pp AR Re OT 227 Pfittacus Carolinenfis, Liz. Syf.i. p. 141. N°13.—Scop. Ana.i. p. 2g. N° 25. La Perruche de la Caroline, Brif. orn. iv. p. 350.—PI. ent. 499. La Perriche a téte jaune, Buf. oz/. vi. p. 2740 Perroquet, N°7. Fermin. Deferip. de Surinam,ii. p. 176 *? Parrot of Carolina, Catefo. Car. i. t. Ihe Caroline Parrot, Amer. Zool. N° 20a eas CAROLINE PARROT. IZE of the green Parrakeet: length thirteen inches.. Bill yel- Description. lowifh white : both that and the eyes furrounded with a naked, pale, afh-coloured fkin: irides yellow: fore part of the head orange: back part of the head, nape, and throat, yellow: lower part of the neck behind, the back, rump, breaft, belly, fides, upper and lower tail coverts, green: thighs the fame, but thofe next the joint orange: edge of the wing orange: wing coverts above green; the leffer ones beneath green, the greater brown: quills brown on the infide, yellow on the outfide at the bafe, then green, with the tips inclining to blue: the fecondaries green above: all the quills brown beneath: tail much cuneated, and green: legs and claws hoary. This bird inhabits Guiana, migrating into Carolina and Virginia Puact ann 3 : Manners. inautumn. Catefby obferves, that it feeds on corn and kernels of fruits, particularly thofe of cyprefs and apples: comes in autumn into Carolina in vaft flights, doing great damage in orchards, by tearing to pieces the fruits to get at the kernels, the only part which is agreeable to them. They have been known to build their nefts in Carolina, but the major part retire fouth in breeding- time, returning again when thofe fruits are ripe which attra&t them. * If this be the fame bird, he merely fays that the head, fhoulders, and thighs, are yellow; the reft of the body of a very fine green. Gg2 Pfittacus 30. ILLINOIS PARROT. DESCRIPTION. PLACE AND Manners, PA BE ORY OL, Pfittacus pertinax, Liz. Sy. i. p. 142, N° 15. La Perruche Ilinoife, Bri/. orn. iv. p. 353, N° 68.—PI. enl. 528. L’Aputejuba, Buf. cif. vi. p. 269. te 13. Kleiner lang fchwartziger grune Papagey, &c. Frifch. t. 54. Tui Aputejuba, Rai fn. p. 34. N° 2. Tui fpecies fecunda, Rai fyx. p. 181. N° 6.—Will. orn. p. 116. Yellow -faced Parrakeet, Edw. t. 234. Illinois Parrot, Am. Zool. N° ’ GIZE of a common Parrakeet: length nine inches and a half. The bill is of a light afh-colour: eyes and upper mandible placed in a naked afh-coloured fkin: irides deep orange: gene- ral colour green above, yellow green beneath: the forehead, cheeks, and throat, fine orange: crown of the head deep green; paleft toward the hind head, where it is mixed with yellow: fore part of the neck cinereous green: on the belly a few orange fpots: quills blue green, inner margins and fhafts blackifh; the five next the body green: tail cuneated ; the two middle feathers exceed the outer one by an inch and three quarters ; it is green above ; the two middle feathers plain; fome of the others have cinereous margins, and others yellowifh ones: legs deep afh: claws brown. This inhabits Brafl, and is common at Guiana as well as Cayenne; they call it at this laft place Perruche-poux de bois™, as it * Wood Loufe Parrot. This infe&t belongs to the Yermes genus of Linneus, and is called by the Englifh in the Weft Indies, White or Wood Ant; in Africa, Vag Vague, or Bugabug : the devaftation of which is too well known in the parts where they frequent. Confult Adan/on’s Voy. to Senegal, 8v0. p. 153, 179-— Bofman’s Voy. to Guinea, p. 276, 493.—Sloan. Fam. vol. ii. p. 221, Ge. Ge.— See alfo a curious and entertaining paper on this fubje&t by Mr. Smeathman, Phil. Tranf. vol. 1xxi. p. 139. generally - Pp AY RE OR (©. | E, generally makes its neft in the habitations of thefe infects. It remains the whole year at Guiana, frequenting the favannas, and other open places. This fpecies migrates far northward, being exceeding common all up the banks of the O70, and the fouthern fhores of Lake Erie—often feen in great numbers together, con- fifting at leaft of five hundred ina flock, and living, among other things, on cheftnuts, acorns, and wild peas—like Rooks, have an cut-centinel to warn them of approaching enemies; and when difturbed, fet up an horrible outcry all together. Their flefh is accounted admirable by fome, being well relifhed both by the French and Indians. The Englifh are not fo fond of it ; but I have been told by fome, that Parrot foup, well made, is an excellent difh. Lev. Muf. IZE pretty large. Bill dufky: head and neck yellow: the reft of the body palifh green: tail cuneiform: vent crimfon: quills and end of the tail feathers blue. A fpecimen in the Leverian Mufeum, but not known from whence it came: I certainly think from the Eaft Indies or China, as I have feen a drawing very like the above-defcribed, if not the fame, which was taken from an original in that part of the world. 229 31. CRIMSON- VENTED PARROT. DescRIPTIONs PLACE, 230 liiez. EMERALD PARROT. DescriPTION. PLace. 33% LONG-TAILED GREEN PARRAKEET. DEscRIPTION, Pw OR RO). La Perruche émeraude, Buf. oif. vi. p. 262. Perruche des terres Magellaniques, PJ. enx/. 85. ENGTH thirteen inches. Bill dufky: the whole of this bird is of a fine gloffy green, except the lower part of the belly, vent, and tail, which are of a ferruginous cheftnut: the ‘tail is pretty long, and green at the tips: legs dufky. This is faid to come from the Straits of Magalbaen: but it may be juftly doubted. No bird of this genus has been known to vifit naturally farther than forty-three degrees north of the line; and it is fearce probable, that on the fouthern fide one fhould be found in a place whofe latitude is more than fifty: indeed Forfter, in his Voyage*, rather wonders at meeting with Parrots in Dufky Bay, New Zealand, whofe latitude is not more than forty-fix. Pfittacus rufiroftris, Liz. Syfte ts pe 142. N° 18. La Perruche, Brif. orz. iv. p. 319. N° 54.—P%. eal. 550 Le Sincialo, Buf. cif. vi. p. 265. Tui, N° 1. Razi Syx. p. 34.—Will. orn. p. 116. Small green long-tailed Parrakeet, Browz. Fam. 472. Long-tailed green Parrakeet, Edw. ive t. 1756 IZE of a Blackbird: length twelve inches and a quarter. The upper mandible blood red, and black at the point ; the under wholly black: eyes in a bare fkin, which with the cere is flefh- coloured : irides orange: general colour of the plumage yellow * Vol. i. p. 158. green : Bioew oR R O..1 231 preen: edge of the quills yellowifh: the two middle tail feathers are longer than the outfide ones by five inches: legs and claws flefh - ccleur. Inhabits various parts of America. Pace. Bancroft tells us that it is in Guiana, and that the tail fea- Oxszrvarion. thers are blue at the point. It is called Sincialo * at St. Domingo. It is very noify in its natural ftate, and eafily learns to talk, whiftle, and imitate the voices of the animals within its hearing. Thefe fly in troops, and alighting on trees well cloathed with green, it is a difficulty to find them, though great numbers fettle on the fame tree. They are very lively, and are eafily tamed; but, like many others of the-race, when kept in a houfe, will always join in the difcourfe at a time one would moft with them to be filent. In their native places they are accounted good food, being at times very fat, and not unfavoury.. La Perruche de la Guadaloupe, Bri/. orz. iv. p. 330: ‘ yey Green Parrot of Guiana, Bancr. Guian. p. 16%. GUIANA GREEN PARRAKEERT, GIZE of a Thrufh. The bill is flender, and flefh-coloured: the py, scription. irides are outwardly reddifh, but afh-coloured near the pupil: the eye is furrounded by an afh-coloured fkin, one line in breadth: the whole plumage is green, with a variety of fhades: to which Briffon adds, that the tail is cuneated, and the legs and claws are whitifh, ‘ Inhabits Brafl and Guadaloupe. PLace. * Sincialo is one of the provinces of St. Domingo, whence perhaps its name. Will, orn. p. 126. 2 Mr. 932, mn PAVOUANE PARROT. DzscRIPTION. PLACE. PAR Ro On. Bancroft * fays that it is the moft numerous of all Parrokeets in Guiana; and that it is alfo found in Terra Firma, as well as in fome of the Caribbee Iflands. La Perruche de la Guiane, Brif- orn. iv. p. 331. N° Sg. t, 28. f. tc La Perriche Pavouane, Buf. otf. vi. p. 255. Perruche de la Guiane, Pl. exl. 407. a young bird. —-—— dela Guiane, P/, exl. 167. in full plumage. Lev. Muf. T is one foot in length. The bill is whitifh; tip cinereous: cere whitifh : parts above deep green; beneath paler: cheeks fpotted with red: under leffer wing coverts fcarlet; the greater of a fine yellow: the quills beneath are dull yellow; at the mar- gins near the tips blackifh; but above they are the fame colour as the back, and margined with yellowith grey within : the fhafts of all of them, except the.three neareft the body, are black : tail in length fix inches and a quarter; the two middle feathers are longer than the outer ones by three inches: legs grey: claws blackifh. Inhabits Guiana. Buffon obferves, that ‘when young, thefe birds have not the fides of the head and neck fpotted with red, nor do thefe {pots appear till the bird is two or three years old; but the under wing coverts are red, even in the young birds, though of a paler colour. This is very common at Cayenne, and found in the Ca- * He adds, that at Guiana there is a red-headed one, differing only in having the feathers of its head diverfified with crimfon fpots. Hi/?. of Guiana, p. 162. Green Parrots with long tails (Pfittacus articularius) are very numerous at Suratte. Toreen. Voy. vol. ii. Pp. 200.. 6 ribbee PaO RR: Qoy; -vibbee Iflands likewife. It is of all the Parrakeets the apteft to talk plain, and, though kept for a long time confined, always fhews a peculiar wildnefs in its nature. It is called at Guiana by the name of Pavouane. Thefe fly in numbers, frequent favannas and woods, and are very fond of the fruit of the tree Pimmortel*. I take Sir 4. Lever’s {pecimen to be a flight variety. The head in his bird is of a dufky blue, as far as the middle of the crown: the under parts of the body incline much to olive: the bill and legs lead-coloured: the under wing coverts crimfon, but no yellow, as in the above-mentioned bird. This fpecimen came from Cayenne, and is full thirteen inches in length. ) La Perruche-de I’Ifle'de Lugon, Sonner. Voy. ps 80. te 440 HIS is double the fize of the common Parrakeet. Round the bill the feathers are of a bright green: the bill is very large, and flefh-coloured : eyes in proportion very {mall : irides white : the top of the head is blue: the upper parts of the body of a grafs green ; beneath of a yellowifh green: the under part of the tail grey green: leffer wing coverts black, bordered with yel- lowifh brown; greater coverts black alfo, but bordered with blue, and this again edged with yellowifh brown, forming all to- gether a large fpot on the. wings of a beautiful appearance: the tail feathers are longifh and cuneiform :. legs blackifh. Inhabits the ifland of Luzonia. © Exythrina corallodendron. Linn. Hh La 233 VaRieTy. 359 VARIED. - WINGED PARROT. DeEscRiPTion. Piacs, 36. BLUE- COLLARED PARROT. DEscRIPTIONe PLACE. 37° + ALEXAN- DRINE - PARRAKEET. DESCRIPTION. PLaAces POA OR OR 2O: La Perruche a Collier de l’Ifle de Lucon, Sox. Voy. p. 80. t. 43. GIZE of the common Parrakeet. Bill and irides red: head, neck, and belly, greyifh green: on the neck is a band of light blue, forming a collar: wings and back grafs green: at the be- ginning of each wing is a large deep red fpot: tail cuneiform; the two middle feathers are much longer than the reft, and grafs green; the others of a greyifh green: legs blackith grey. Inhabits the ifland of Luzonia. Pfittacus Alexandri, Liz. Sy/.i. p. 141. N° 14.—Scop. Ann.i. p. 29. N° 26s La grande Perruche a Collier d’un rouge vif, Buf. o:/. vi. p. 1416 Perruche A Collier des Ifles Maldives, PI. exl. 642. Pfittacus torquatus macrourus, Razi Syz. p. 33. N° Ie Ring Parrakeet, Wil. orn. p. 115-—Edw. pl. 292. Lev. Muf. IZE of a Pigeon. Bill red: general colour of the plumage green; paleft on the under parts: the throat is black, paffing behind to meet a crefcent of red at the back part of the neck: at the bend of the wing a purplifh fpot: the tail * is longer than — the body, green fringed with blue, and of a pale yellow beneath: legs dufky. f This fpecies inhabits the fouthern part of the continent of * T find authors differ much in the length: Bufox makes it fifteen inches long in the whole: Wllughdy fays the tail is fix inches long: Scopoli, that it is near a foot. This will be the cafe in all long-tailed birds; and perhaps it would be better to judge by bulk than length in fuch birds. Aids. By Ae OR oie Ord Ufa: alfo the neighbouring ifles, and Cey’on. It is moft probable that Alexander might mean this Parrot, as the laft .ifland his army vifited was Ceylon, from whence therefore he might have had them. I have received this from the Eaf laden La Perruche 4 Collier, Bri/. orz. iv. p. 323. N°ss. La Perruche a Collier couleur de rofe, Buf. oif: vi. p. 152-—Pl. ent. 55 Br. Muf. Lev. Mu. | ENGTH fifteen inches and a quarter: fize of a Blackbird. The upper mandible is blood red, with a black tip; the lower one black : irides yellow : eyes furrounded with a flefh- coloured fkin: the general colour is pale green: throat black : round the neck is a ring of a light rofe-colour: the hind head in- clines to violet: tail nine inches long, and much cuneated, the two middle feathers exceeding the outer ones by feven inches: the legs are afh-coloured: claws grey brown. This bird, as far as I have obferved, does not gain the ring round the neck the firft year at leaft, as I have feen feveral which were quite plain when they were at firft imported, and gained the ring at the next year’s moult. This bird is.a native of Africa, and not of America, as M. Briffon makes it: indeed it is frequently imported from various parts of America and the Weft Indies, but has been firft carried to -thofe parts, by the fhips in the flave-trade, from Senegal. If this fpecies be allowed to be the Parrot defcribed by Aldrovand (as fome think) as one known both to the Romans and Greeks, the circumftance muft be impoffible, if the bird was of American Hh2 origin : 37° + Var. A. ROSE-RINGED PARRAKEET. DEscRIPTION. OnsERVATION. 236 37° Var. B. PURPLE- RINGED PARRAKEET. DeEscRIPTION. PLACE, 37° Var.C. DOUBLE- RINGED PARRAKERET, DEscRIPTION. PAR R O fF, Origin: as Parrots are feldom known to traverfe far acrofs the ocean; neither was America at that time known. La Perruche a Collier des Indes, Bri/. orn. iv. p. 326. N° 56. Bracelet Parrakeet from the Eaft Indies, A/bin. ii. pl. 18. LENGTH feventeen inches. The upper mandible orange 3. the lower black: irides yellow. It differs from the laft in having the fkin round the eyes brown: the crown of the head of | a blueifh green: the ring purple: and the fore part of the neck. and breaft pale rofe-colour. Inhabits the Zaft Indies.. Pfittacus Alexandri, Liz. Sy?. i. p. 142. N° 14. y. La Perruche 4 Collier de I’Ifle de Bourbon, Bri/. oru. iv. p. 328. N° 57. (55 7/a) hi) hie La Perruche a double Collier, Buf. oif. vi. p. 143. Perruche 4.Collier de PIfle de Bourbon, P/. en/. 215. ENGTH thirteen inches and a half. Bill nearly as the others: parts above green; beneath yellow green: the ring round the neck is rofe-colour, broadeft before; above it the plumage has a little mixture of blue green: under the throat rifes a yellow ftripe,.which meets the rofe-coloured ring: on the fides of the neck, above the ring, is a narrow black ftripe, which reaches on each fide to the lower mandible: the tail. is. green above, and yellow afh beneath; the two middle feathers longer than the outer ones by nearly four inches, & Tnhabits PARR OT: Inhabits the Ie of Bourbon, and other parts in the fame lati- titude,.both in Africa and the Indies. Pfittacus Alexandri, Liz. Syf.i. p. 142. N° 14.-3. La Perruche a téte blue des Indes, Brif. orn. App. p. 129. La Perruche a téte d’Azur, “Buf. oi/. vi. p. 148. = Blue-headed Parrakeet, Edw. t. 292. IZE of a Pigeon. Bill red:. eyes contained in a naked flefh= coloured fkin: irides orange: head and throat fine blue: the reft of the plumage green, paleft beneath; except the quills, which are cinereous beneath, and blue on the edges: on the upper wing coverts is a fpot of yellow: tail above blue; dull yellow beneath; the two middle feathers thirteen inches long ; the outer ones. very fhort:. legs and claws afh-coloured. Inhabits India. Pfittacus Javanicus, Ofbeck's Voy..vol. is p. 156+ SIZE lefs than the laft. Upper mandible pale red; the lower pale yellow: cere black.: the head every where covered. with fhort feathers of a pale blue and pale yellow: temples black : all the other parts of the bird are grafs-green, except the throat and breaft, which are of a pale red: the wings are light grey beneath ; but five of the wing coverts are yellow: tail yellowifh: legs greenifh grey. _ Inhabits Fava, where it is univerfally expofed to fale. Mr. Ojbeck likens this to the Alexandrine, as a variety ; and, on that fuppofition, I give it this place. La 237 PLACE. $7° Var. D. AZURE- HEADED PARRAKEET. DeEscRIPTION.- PLACE. 37°: Var. E. JAVAN PARRAKEET. DEscRIPTION. Pract, 28. - MUST'ACHOE PARRAKEET. DESCRIPTION. PLACE. 33. Var. A. BEARDED PARRAKEET. DeEscRIPTION. La Perruche 4 Mouftaches, Buf. oif vi, Pp. 14g. Perruche de Pondichery, P/. ew/. 517. Lev, Muf: ‘HIS is about eleven inches in length. The forehead, from one eye to the other, is black : from the under jaw on each fide arifes a black ftripe, which paffes to the fides of the throat, where it is wider than at its origin, and appears like a mufta- choe; the reft of the face is white and blueifh: the back is of a deep green: the wing coverts are marked with yellow; and the quills are deep green: the breaft is the colour of lilac: the tail is about half the length of the bird; above green; beneath ftraw- colour. This, according to Buffon, has not been mentioned before. Inhabits Pondicherry. ENGTH from the bill to the rump feven inches. Bill red; the under mandible paleft: crown of the head green: be- tween the bale of the bill and the eyes cheftnut: from the noftrils to the eye a’line of brown: from under the chin fprings a ftreak of black, paffing downwards on each fide a little way, like a beard or whifker, half an inch broad: nape of the neck bloffom-colour : general colour of the reft of the body green, paleft on the under parts: the quills dufky, edged with blue: legs dufky: the tail was imperfect. Yn the mufeum of Dr. W. Hunter, but from whence unknown, La Pi Na Rae Oye 1. | La Perruche a téte rouge de Gingi, Bri/. orz. iv. p. 346. N° 65. t. 29 fi 2. | —PI. enlum. 264. La Perruche a téte rouge, Buf. oi/. vi. p. 144. | Lev. Mu/f, | ESS than the common Parrakeet: total length eleven inches. | The bill is reddifh: the head red, with a fhade of light blue; partaking moft of this colour at the hind head: the chin is black, narrowing into a flender line from the corners of the mouth to the hind head; beneath the black is another flender line of a very pale green, both making a kind of collar: the reft of the plumage is green; the under parts have a tinge of yellow : on the wing coverts is a dull red fpot: the tail is fix inches and a quarter long ; green above, with the inner margins yellow; the outer feather fhorter than the middle ones by four inches: legs and claws grey. Inhabits Gizgz, in the Zaft Indies. La Perruche de Bengale, Bri/. orn. iv. p. 348. N° 66. La petite Perruche 4 téte coleur de rofe a longs brins, Buf. oif vi. p. 1545 La Perruche a téte rouge de I’Ifle de Lugon, Son. Voy. p. 79. t. 42+ Perruche de Mahé, P/. en/. 888. Parrakeet from Bengal, Albin, ili. p.7. t. 14. Rofe-headed ring Parrakeet, Edw. glean, t. 233. IZE of the laft: length ten* inches. The upper mandible pale yellow; the lower dull brown or black: cere brownifh: crown and cheeks rofe-colour: hind head blue: the throat, and © Buffon {ays, twelve inches, 9 = ring to to 4 39> BLOSSOM- HEADED PARRAKEET, DeEscripTion; PLAcE, seh) Var. A. ROSE-HEADED RING PARRAKERET. DiscRIPTION> Be 6. PLACE. 39° Var. B. BORNEAN PARRAKEET. DESCRIPTION. ring round the neck, as in the laft; as alfo the dull red fpot on the wings: tail above blue; beneath dull yellow: legs and claws ath-colour: the two middle tail feathers are very long and biue; the others (which are only two inches and a half long) are olive green fringed with blue, though in Mr. Edwards’s figure the tail feathers feem to fhorten by equal gradations, This bird inhabits Bengal. Thefe laft I believe to be varieties of each other, as I have feen and examined both of them minutely. Mr. Sonnerat fays it inhabits Lwzonia; and that the fpot on the wings is of a bright red, and the irides yellow: otherwife one defcription might ferve. Lev. Muf. ENGTH from the bill to the middlemoft tail feather but one, -twelve inches. The bill has the upper mandible red; the lower black: cere and orbits afh-colour: the whole head of a peach-bloffom-colour, with a green tinge in front: from eye to eye, paffing over the cere, is narrow line of black: from the lower mandible arifes a ftreak of black, paffing obliquely on each fide of the neck a little way, and growing wider backwards : from the hind head to the tail all the plumage is light green ; but on the middle of the wing coverts it almoft approaches to yellow: the chin, fore part of the neck, the breaft, and as far as the middle of the belly, are of a reddifh bloflom-colour, with a cheftnut tinge: the feathers on the thighs, and middle of the belly and vent, are green: all the tail feathers are green, except the two middle ones, which are much inclined to blue, and are very Pl AOR! RL Oo Tt 4 very long, being, in the fpecimen I defcribed this from, at leaft three inches ener than any of the others; and how much longer they had been, is not known, as they were broken at the ends ;. the fhafts of all of them are white; the legs afh-colour. One of thefe is in high prefervation at Sir 4. Lever's. Said to come from the [le of Borneo. PLACE. La grande Perruche 4 longs brins, Buf. aif. Vi. Pe 155, nba Wien, Cc Perruche de Malac — , Pl. enl. 887. MALACCA PARRAKEET. HIS, fays Buffon, one would take for a variety of the laft Descrrerson. but one, were it not for the fize, which is much larger, being fixteen inches in length: there are befides fome few dif- ferences, for the green colour throughout has a tinge of yellow: the whole of the head is not of a rofe-colour, but only the region of the eyes and the hind head, the crown being green: the reft of the body is green ; and the ring round the neck is wholly want- ing: the tail is of the fame colour with that of the two laft, but deeper, and has fome appearance of blue on the middle -of the wings. I think there does not remain a doubt of this being a further variety, as we know the ring does not appear in fome other fpecies till mature age; and as to the length merely, that in the Leverian Mufeum mutt have been at leaft fixteen inches: if the two middle tail feathers had been perfect. Ti Pfittacus 40, RED AND BLUE-HEADED PARRAKEET. DescriPTion. PLACE. Fo A) Re Res, Te Pfittacus canicularis, Lin. Sy. i. p. 142. N° 16. —__ —_—_——_— vol. iil. app. p. 228: La Perruche a front rouge du Brefil, Brif. orn. iv. p. 339.-N° 62.- La Perriche a frontrouge, Buf. cif. vi. p. 268.—Pl, enl. 767. Red and blue-headed Parrakeet, Edw. iv. pl. 176. IZE of a Thrufh: length ten inches. The upper mandible pale afh; the lower more obfcure: cere of a pale afh: eyes in a naked orange-coloured* fin: irides yellow orange: the fore- head is fcarlet: crown of the head of a fine blue, paleft: behind: the upper parts of the body deep green; the under parts paler: prime quills blue on the outer edges: tail deep green above, and of a brownifh green beneath; the two middle feathers, longer than the outer ones by above three inches and a half: legs and claws whitifh afh, with a tinge of flefh-colour. - Linnaus defcribes one with the forehead inclining to fulvous ; temples fulvous; black eyes; and a blackifh bill: quills blue, with the outfide greenifh: tail elongated and green: legs red- dith. He fuppofes this to be a female t, as it wanted the blue on the head. Inhabits the hotter parts of America. ® Edwards obferves that thisis notcommon. As far as I have obferved, the are fkin is white or dufky. + Bufox will not allow this, rather fuppofing it to be the yellow-faced or {//- nois Parrot, a figure of which is given in P/. en/. N° 838. The front in this fi- gure is fulvous, and crown blue: the orbits are yellow; and the body not ill correfponding with the other: from which appearances it might be rather taken for the female than that mentioned by Linncuse Pfittacus Pi Av Re Re OLTr Pfittacus zruginofus, Lin, Sy. i. p. 142. N° 176 La Perruche de la Martinique, Bri/. orn. iv. p. 356. N° 69+ La Perriche & Gorge brune, Buf. oif. vi. p. 257. Brown-throated Parrakeet, Bancr. Guian. p. 162. - Edw. iv. t. 177+ Lev. Muf. ——= N length this bird is ten inches and a quarter. The bill is of a light afh-colour, with the tip deepeft: cere deep afh: round the eyes bare, and of a paler afh-colour ; irides yellowith hazel : plumage green above; beneath yellow green: crown of the head, from eye to eye, of a greenith blue: the feathers at the bafe of the bill, the cheeks, throat, and fore part of the neck, are grey brown, with a tinge of yellow: tail green; fhorter than the body, and yellowifh beneath; the two middle feathers much longer than the outfide ones: legs and claws afh-colour. So far Briffon; who adds, that it inhabits Martinico, and diffe- rent parts of America. That which Bancroft mentions, -had the top of the head, and part of the quill feathers, blue; and was an inhabitant of Guiana. I have one from Famaica, whofe head is of the fame green colour with the reft of the body: the fecondaries next the body blue: and the inner fides of the prime quills blue. IZE of a Song-thrufh: length eleven inches and a half. Bull lead-colour : eye in a lead-coloured fkin : irides hazel: fore- head brown: crown of the head blueifh: cheeks and chin ae Ii2 brownifh 243. LSiS ¢ + BROWN- THROATED PARRAKEET. DESCRIPTION. PLACE. VARIETY Ale Var. A. BROWN- FRONTED PARRAKEET, Description. 244, Pack. 42. LACE-WINGED PARRAKEET. DEscrirTioNn. Puacz. 43. YELLOW- WINGED PARRAKEET. DESCRIPTION. PO. AOR Ri Oh Ts brownith buff-colour: throat more inclined to brown: reft of the body green, paleft on the under parts: tail above half the length of the bird; fide feathers fhort; the colour of it the fame with the body, with blue edges and tips: the edges of the quills are likewife blue: the legs lead-colour. This bird is now alive, and in poffeffion of a young lady, who informs me that fhe had it from the Spanifh Main. La Perruche aux Ailes chamarées, Buf. oi/. vie p. 151. - Perroquet de l’Ifle de Lugon, Pi. ex/. 287. HIS bird is more than eleven inches long. The bill is red: general colour of the plumage olive brown: at the hind part of the head is a blueifh fpot: the wings are coloured with blue, green, and orange; the blue occupies the middle, and the two other colours the edges: quills olive brown: the tail is one- third of the length of the bird; and the wings, when clofed, reach to the middle of it; which is not common, ,as’ they are ufually very fhort: legs dufky. Inhabits the ifland of Luzonia. La Perruche de Cayenne, Bri/-.ora. iv. p. 334. N° Go. t. 27. f. 2> La Perriche a ailes variées, Buf. oif. vi. p. 259. Petite Perruche verte de Cayenne, PJ. ex/. 359. Lev. Muf. ENGTH eight inches and a quarter: not fo big in fize as. @ Blackbird, Bill and cere whitifh: upper parts of the body greenifh ; beneath the fame, but paler: the greater wing coverts, next PA ROR: @ ‘fhext the body, have the bafe and inner webs white; but the outer webs and tips are yellow; the coverts fartheft from the body are of a greenifh blue ; beneath, thofe neareft the body are pale brimftone, and the outer ones of a blueith green: the firft five prime quills are green on the outer edges and tips, fhaded with blue, but black on the infide, with a white margin; the next feven are white, with the outer webs and tips yellow; moft of the others have the outer webs and tips yellow, and the inner: webs of a yellowifh white; the four next to the body are green :: the tail is three inches and a half long, green above, cuneiform,, with the inner margins yellowifh: legs and’ claws grey.. The female differs only in the colours being lefs vivid. Thefe birds are in plenty at Cayenne, where they are called the- common Parrakeet. ‘They fly in numbers together, and are not very fhy, as they frequently fettle in the midft of inhabited places. They are fond of the buds of the zmmortal tree, and. fettle on it in numbers when it is in flower; and as this tree is. planted near the habitations, the inhabitants have opportunities. of fhooting them readily, which only drives away the reft for a. while, to return a little time afterwards. They learn to fpeak. eafily. La Perriche 4 Gorge variée, Buf. oi/: vi. p. 269. Perruche 4 Gorge tachetée de Cayenne, PJ. exl. 144.—Orm, de Salerne, Be Giza ite Seton ae ; Perruche, N° 2. Ferm. Defcr. de Surin. vol. ii» p. 177% *T HIS, fay Buffon and Salerne,is a very rare and beautiful Par- rakeet : in fize it equals the laft. The plumage, for the moft part, of a beautiful fhining green: the bill is. black :: irides. 245 Places. AND, ManneERSe. 44s WAVED- BREASTED PARRAKEET. DESORIPTION», 246 ‘PLaceE. 45. SCALY- BREASTED PARRAKEET. DESCRIPTION. PLACE. 46. LITTLE RED-WINGED PARRAKEET. ‘DESCRIPTION. Pe AG RY Re Oo Ts irides aurora yellow: the feathers above the bill of a fate blue; beneath fky blue: the reft of the head brown: the lower part of the neck flate blue: the throat is brown, with a yellow aurora edge to each feather, making it appear in waves: fold of the wing fire-colour; the ref of the wing blué: middle of the belly lilac veined with brown: and on the middle of the tai! is a lon- gitudinal line of lilac: tail fhorter than in other Parrakeets, and of a red brown on the under fide: legs and claws black. Inhabits Cayenne, and, according to Fermin, Surinam like= wife. IZE of a common Parrakeet: length eight inches and a half. Bill dufky: round the eye a pale bare fkin: head, neck, and breaft, dull orange ; each feather black in the middle, giving the parts the appearance of being covered with fcales: lower part of the back and rump, and middle of the belly, of a blood red: fhoulders crimfon: forehead, belly, thighs, and all the other parts, of a dark green: legs and claws dufky. Y i This came from Cayenne, and is in the collection of Capt. Davies. La Perruche des Indes, Brif orz. iv. p. 341. N° 63. ~ La Perruche a Gorge rouge, Buf. oi/. vi. p.157- Little red-winged Parrakeet, Edw. glean. pl. 236. LENGTH eight inches and a half: fize of a crefted Lark. Bill flefh-colour: cere and fpace round the eyes whitifh : irides deep hazel: general colour green, paleft beneath: chin of 5 a fine BAR RO TF, 947 a fine fearlet: the wing coverts are all of a fine reddifh colour: tail four inches and a half long, and much cuneated: legs and claws of a pale flefh-colour. Inhabits the Zaft Indies: PLACE. La Perruche fouris, Buf. o:/. vi. p. 148. 47 Perruche a poitrine grife, P/. exl. 768. GREY- : 9 BREASTED Perruche, Perzetty Voy. aux Malouines, vol. i. p. 3126 PARRAKEET. . ENGTH ten inches. The bill light. grey: the face, throat, Descrirrion. and breaft, of a rat grey: the reft of the body olive green, except the quills, which are of a deep green: tail five inches long: legs grey. Buffon obferves, that the dead and dull colour of the plumage gives the bird. an air.of melancholy; for it is lefs bright than any of the. fpecies. . Place unknown. Pernetty fays that his bird was of the fize of a Thrufh. Bill fhort, very hooked, and of a flefh-colour: plumage entirely green, except the neck, breaft, and a fmall part of the beily, which were ofa filvery grey: tail very long.. Thefe, fays he, were met with at Montevideo, and bought-by Praee anp the failors for two piaftres apiece. They were tame and gentle, MANNERS eafily learned to fpeak, and articulate well, and were pleafed with company, too often joining in converfation with them. It was the common opinion, that they lived but one year, if confined in acage. ‘This fpecies is not far remote from the: other, if not. the very-fame. | ~ LENGTH. 248 48. HORNED PARROT. Pi. VI. DEsCRIFTION. PLACE. 49¢ CALEDONIAN PARROT. DESCRIPTION. © PARROT ENGTH eleven inches: fize of a fmall Dove. The bill. is blueith at the bafe, and black at the tip: irides of a golden yellow: forehead, crown, nape, and region of the ears, deep fcarlet, mixed with black: fides of the head yellowifh orange; the lower mandible is befet with deep black fhining feathers, — pointing forwards: from the crown ipring two flender dufky fea- thers, about an inch anda half long, and tipped with crimfon: the hind part of the neck, and the rump, are yellowifh: the reft . of the body green: the wing coverts green outwardly, but the inner webs and tips are dufky: the quills are black; the outer margins of them blue: tail cuneiform, fix inches in length, and of the fame blue colour as the quills, but green on the outer edges, near the bafe; near, the ends, and the tips, almoft white ; the under part of the tail and quills foot black: legs dufky bluct a ‘ This fpecies inhabits New Caledonia*, and is called by the nz- tives Keré or Keghe. I found this bird in the collection of Sir of. Banks, where there is a perfect and fine fpecimen; I believe the only one that has reached England. ENGTH twelve inches. Bill blueith ; tip pale: the feathers round the upper mandible crimfon; thofe round the lower, and the chin, blue: crown greenifh yellow: the plumage on the * In Cook’s Voy. vol. ii. p. 110, a bird is figured, which I take to be this; but it feems to have been done more by way of ornament to the plate, than ex- preflive of the bird. 3 upper PLYVIIL. pL 5 2? e Ptornedl Ge ALTO w. Pre Ap Ray Re Op Tt upper parts of the body olive green; beneath olive yellow : outer edge of the tail pale blue: tail cuneiform; the two middle feathers fix inches long; the outer one three only, colour olive green; the outer edges of the four outer ones pale blue; ends of all whitith : legs duiky blue. Inhabits New Caledonia. There is a fpecimen of this likewife at Sir Fofeph Banks's. 1 have fome fufpicion of its proving the female of the laft-mentioned: the bill, legs, wings, and tail, doa very ~ much correfpond, PLacs. 50. - RED-RUMPED T_ ENGTH fifteen inches. Bill ftout, moderately hooked; the upper mandible not angulated; bafe of both deep blue; the tip of the upper black: the forehead very dark purple; crown ereenifh cheftnut: fides of the head pale green: from the bafe of the bill arifes a ftreak of crimfon, which paffes through the eye, and a little way behind it: hind part of the head and neck, upper parts of the body, and wing coverts, dark green: at the back part of the neck a few pale yellow feathers ; and on the middle of the back a mixture of pale ferruginous brown: the rump crim- fon, with a tinge of cheftnut: the under parts of the body ci- nereous green: the greater quills are brown, with blueifh edges : fecondaries, and baftard wing, dufky, with the edges green, and pale rufty brown tips: the tail is cuneiform; the two middle feathers being feven inches in length, the outer ones only three inches and a quarter; the colour of them blueifh, but the two middle ones have green margins; all the fhafts deep cheftnut: legs black. Inhabits New Zealand. A fine fpecimen is now at Sir Fofepb Banks's, from which this defcription is taken, Kk LENGTH > PARROT. DescRIPTION. PLacg. 250 Sle CRESTED PARRAKEET. DESCRIPTION. FEMALE. 52. SOCIETY PARROT. Descriprion. P AUR Re Oo FE. ENGTH twelve inches. Bill pale: crown of the head; fides, and throat, yellow: behind the eye, juft within the yellow, is a fpot of crimfon ; and behind this the yellow is paler than in the other parts: from the crown of the head fpring fix flender fea+ thers, forming a creft ; two of thefe are near three inches long, and the four others fhorter: the upper parts of the body are olive: brown; the under parts the fame, but paler: on the wing is an. oblique bar of white, caufed by the tips of the fecond quills, which are of that colour: the tail the fame, pretty long, and cuneiform: the legs are dufky. The female is of the fame fize. The head. of the fame colour with the body, but a little paler on the fides,,and crefted asin the male: behind the eye is the fame crimfon {pot as in the male: the head and body inclined to cheftnut: on the rump are flender: tranfverfe lines of grey : the tail is barred with numerous lines of the fame ; the outer feather is white on the outer web the whole length: on the middle of the wing is an oblique bar of white, as in the other. Thefe I met with at Sir Fofeph Banks's, who brought them from New Holland. Lev. Mufs ENGTH ten inches and a half. Bill deep blue;. end black: the whole head black brown: on the upper parts of the body the plumage is deep olive green; each feather margined with dufky, giving it a waved appearance: rump deep dull crimfon, each feather waved on the margin alfo with dufley: upper tail coverts PP AG) RY RE OV TS e51 coverts the fame colour as the back: the chin is dufky; the reft of the under part of the body olive yellow, each feather margined with dufky, as in the upper parts, but paler: quills and tail dufky ; the laft of a ceneiform fhape, and inclining to cinereous brown: the two middle feathers five inches in length; the outer one three inches and a half: legs black. Inhabits Ulietea, one of the Society [lands in the South Seas. Prac. © 53: sles WHITE- White-collared Parrot, Gen. of Birds, p. 59. pl. 2 COLLARED PARROT. IZE not mentioned. Bill red: head, cheeks, and chin, blue: Deen aewer neck, back, and wings, green: the neck is half furrounded with a white collar, pafling over the upper part towards the throat: the upper part of the breaft of a fine red; the lower yellow: belly blue: thighs yellow and blue: tail cuneated ; yellow beneath. Inhabits the ifles of the Zaft Indies. PLACE. a Perruche du Brefil, Brif. orn. iv. p. 337. N° 61. 54 La Perriche couronnée d’or, Buf. oi/. vi. p. 271. ; GOLDEN- Golden-crowned Parrakeet, Edw. glean. t. 235. Ae eee QIZE of the Ring-Parrakeet. Bill black: a blueifh flefh-co- p, cgiprion, loured fkin furrounds the eyes: -cere of the fame colour: irides bright orange: general colour of the plumage green ; paleft beneath, and inclining to yellow: crown of the head orange: throat yellowith green, with a mixture of dull red; fome of the quills have blue edges; alfo there is a bar of blue on the wing coverts: tail cuneiform; the middle feathers pretty Kk2 long, 252 PLACE. Sidis LINEATED PARROT. DEsCRIPTION. 56. + PACIFIC PARRAKEET. DESCRIPTION. PEACEa Piatt Re On: long, and the outer ones very fhort: legs reddifh: claws: blackith. {nhabits Brafil. Edwards fays that this bird was a female; and that it laid five or fix eggs during its living in Exgland,, which was for the fpace of fourteen years. Pfittacus lineatus, Liz. Sy/. iii. app. p. 223 IZE of a Dove. General colour green, but paleft beneath = the quills are brown beneath, with the inner margins very pale, which gives the appearance of the wing being longitudinally {triped with narrow lines: tail cuneiform, a little longer than the body. Linneus gives no other account of it than the above, nor does he mention its native place. Lev. Mufe ENGTH twelve inches. Bill of a filvery blue; end black ¢ in fome, the forehead and half the crown; in others, the fore- head only, of a deep crimfon: behind each eye a fpot of the fame colour: on each fide of the vent a patch of the fame: the plumage in general of a dark green, paleft on the under parts = the tail is cuneiform; the two middle feathers are five inches and, a half in length, the outer ones two inches and a half; upper parts of it the fame green with the body; beneath afh-colour : the outer edge of the wing, as far as the middle of the quills, deep: blue; the ends of the quills dufky: legs brown: claws black. This is found at Osaheite*, but is not peculiar to that ® M. Bougainville mentions ‘ a very {mall fort of Parrakeet, very fingular on. account of the various mixture of blue and red in the feathers ;” perhaps thefe. very birds, Boug. Voy. p. 247. Eng. edit. ifland: s. Be AR IR Os ae ifland; it has been met with in other parts, and varies. accord- ingly. 1 eae found at Dujky Bay, in New Zealand, wanted the red on each fide of the rump, and the tail not fo long in propor- tion. Itis called in this place by the name of Kugha-arecku. SECOND variety differed from the other in having the rump red, but marked as the firft-mentioned. NOTHER, which I obferved at Sir Fofeph Banks’s, had the forehead only red, and the whole crown of the head yellow, otherwife differed not from the others. _ This inhabited New Caledonia. Thefe birds.are valued for the few red feathers * they have about them: hence the ftore they fet by red feathers. brought from other iflands, as mentioned by the feveral voyagers to the South Seas. SIZE of the laft {pecies: length eight inches. Billred: general colour green, but paler, and much inclined to yellow on the ® A fort of a greenih colour, with a few red {pots, were common among the Bananas, and appeared frequently tame in the houfes of the natives, who feemed to. value them for their red feathers. orf?. Voy, i. p. 272. belly 253 56. Var. C.. PLACED. 57 PALM PARROT. DescriIPTIoON.- 254 PLACE. 53. + BLUE- CRESTED -PARRAKEET. DEscRIPTION. Pace. Bi ARR OAT belly and end of the tail, which laft is cuneiform: the quills are edged, and tipped with dufky black: the legs red. Inhabits the ifland of Yanna, in the South Seas, where it fre- quents the palm-trees. Lev. Muf. IZE of the Guinea Sparrow: length fix inches-and a half. Bill orange: the forehead pale green: crown of a pale but ‘bright and gloffy blue; the feathers of this part are narrow, pointed, and fufficiently long to form a creft when erected: fides -of the head above the eye green; beneath the eye, the chin; and ‘throat, crimfon: the upper parts of the body, wings, and tail, bright green: the quills are dufky, with green edges: the middle of the belly crimfon: fides of it and thighs deep purple: the tail is cuneiform, two inches and a half in length; the outer feathers fhorter by three quarters of an inch; the two middle feathers are green, with yellow ends; the others yellowifh, with the margins and ends green, and pretty much pointed: legs dufky: claws black. , In fome fpecimens the red on the throat narrows down into a ftripe on the breaft, which in fuch birds is brown—perhaps a diftinGtion of different fex ; and the thighs in a few birds green inftead of purple, but this circumftance not permanent. Inhabits the Sandwich Zlands in the South Seas, and is a moft beautiful {pecies. L’Arimanon, PR Ok aR OF P, E’Arimanon, Buf. off. vi. p. 175. Petite Perruche de l’Ifle de Taiti, P/. enl. agg. f. 2. Lev. Muf. apis is a fmall fpecies, meafuring in length only five: inches ~ and a quarter, The bill is. red: the feathers of the head longith, forming a fmall.creft ;. the whole plumage of a fine blue, except the throat and fore part of the neck, which is white: the tail is cuneiform: legs red. Some of thefe birds have the throat and.fore part of the neck of a dufky white; perhaps differing in fex. There is one character peculiar to this bird, which is the tongue. This is not blunt and fhort, like as in other Parrots, but long,.and terminated at the end by a pencil of fhort white briftles. It is: very common at O/gbeite in the South Seas, where it is perpetually fluttering about, and making a fereaming noife, fly- ing often in numbers together; feeding-on bananas. They can- not be kept in a cage, for they will not be brought to feed on any thing but fruits, refufing folid food of every kind. This: fpecies: is. called Arimanon,, which fignifies Cocoa-bird, it often frequenting thofe trees * T fancy He muft be the fame bird which Parkinfon + calls Venee,,the name given it by the natives.- He fays that it feeds on the flowers of the Errata, or Epooratta, and is often caught by means of the glewy juice which iffues from the tops of the ftalks,. * See Fort. Voy, i..p. 2726 + See Fournal. Appendix, p. 115: 5 when. 255 Bop! |S + OTAHEITAN BLUE PARRAKEET.. DescriPTION. PLacE anp Manners, 60. PYGMY PARRAKEET. DESCRIPTION. PLACE, 61. * GREAT WHITE COCKATOO. DESCRIPTION. Bane te (Orvis when broken by their feeding on them, and being exceeding vifcous, catches them like birdlime. Lev. Muf. ENGTH fix inches: body fmall. Bill whitifh: cere dufky : plumage wholly of a bright green: infide of the quills dufky : tail cuneated; the tips of all the feathers of a greenifh yellow: jegs lead-coiour. Inhabits fome of the lands in the South Seas. The fpecimen above defcribed faid to come from Osabeite, It appears to be the fmalleft of its race. ** Witn TAILS EVEN AT THE END. Pfittacus criftatus, Linz. Sy. i. p. 143. N° 22. LeKakatoes, Bri/, orz. iv. p. 204. N° 8. t. 21. Le Kakatoés 4 huppe blanche, Buf. oi/. vi. p. 92- Kakatoés des Moluques, PJ. ex. 263. Pfittacus albus criftatus Aldrovandi, Raiz Syx. p. 30. N° 1. White-crefted Parrot of Aldrovandus, W7/), orz. p. i12. t. 15. Lev. Mu/. IZE of an ordinary Fowl : length eighteen inches. ‘The bill is blackifh: cere black: irides very dark or black*: fpace round the eyes naked and white: the colour of the bird is quite * Willughby fays yellow ; but they are not of that colour in a fpecimen I have by me, nor in that which Brifon faw alive at Paris, or that accurate defcriber would have noticed it. i 9 white, Pr ROR RR OT, white, except the greater quills and fide tail feathers, which are of a brimftone-colour for half way on the inner fides next the bafe. It has on the head a large folded creft, five inches in length, but the crown itfelf is quite bare. The feathers on the neck too are [loofe and flowing, fo that when the bird ere¢ts the creft, the head appears of a large fize. Legs and claws black. Inhabits the Molucca Dfles. Le Kakatoes a hupe rouge, Bri/. orn. iv. p. 209. N° 10. Le Kakatoés 4 huppe rouge, Buf. oif. vi. p. 95- . PI. enl. 498. Greater Cockatoo, Edw. iv. t. 160. HE length of this fpeci& is feventeen inches and a quarter, and is larger than the laft, being equal in-fize to the great red and blue Maccaw. ‘The bill is blue black: cere black: bare fkin round the eyes greyifh: irides dull red: general colour white, with a light rofe-coloured tinge. It has a very large creft, fome of the feathers being fix inches and a half in length; the under part of the creftis red: the fide tail feathers, from the bafe to the middle, are of a brimftone-colour on the inner webs: legs lead- coloured : claws black. Inhabits the Molucca Ifles. 15) Le 257 Puace. 62. 4 GREAT RED-CRESTED COCKATOO. DEscRIPTION. PLace. 258 63. RED-VENTED COCKATOO. DescRIPTION. Pace. 64. + LESSER WHITE COCKATOO, DescriPTION, PLA RRO oF, Le petit Kakatoes, Brif. orn. iv. p. 212. N° 11. t. 22. fo 3. Le petit Kakatoés 4 bec couleur de Chair, Buf. cif. vi. p. 96. Petit Kakatoés des Philippines, P/. en/. 191. -Red-vented Cockatoo, Browz, Illuf. p. 10, ts 5 HE length of this bird is thirteen inches and a haif; and its. fize is that of the grey Parrot. The bill is white; the bafe cinereous: cere greyifh: orbits yellowifh red: general colour white :. the head is crefted, the longeft feathers of which are an inch and a half in length; thefe are fulphur-coloured at the bafe,. and white at the tips; fome of the under ones are pale red, but do not appear except the creft be erected: the two middle tail. feathers are white; the fide ones the fame,. but are fulphur-co- loured on the inner webs from the bafe to the middle: under tail coverts red tipped with white: the legs and claws hoary. lead- colour. Inhabits the Philippine Iles. Mr. Brown drew-his bird from a.living-fpecimen in the poffef= fion of Lady Read. Sth Buffon obferves that the bill is reddifh brown; and that it is even lefs than the grey Parrot, being the leaft of its race. Le Kakatoes ahupe jaune, Bri/. ora. iv. p. 206. N° q. — —__ —_—_—._—__—_ Bf. cif. vi. p. 93. Pl. enl. 14. Grofle weiffe Papagey, ou Cacadou, Frifch. t. 50. Crefted Parrot or Cockatoo, A/é. iii. t. 12. Leffer white Cockatoo, Edu gleax. t. 317. ENGTH fourteen inches and a half. Bill and cere blackifh :- eye placed in a naked white fkin: irides reddifh: general 6 colour — Pon OR OR, OT; colour white, with a caft of brimftone on the under parts: on the head is a creft of a fulphur-colour, and pointed in fhape: beneath each eye is a fulphur-coloured fpot; and the lower half of the fide tail feathers are of the fame colour on the inner webs: the quills alfo are the fame for two-thirds of their length from the bafe: legs black. Inhabits the Molucca Tfles. Buffon obferves, that there are two different forts of this bird, the one much bigger than the other : he {peaks much of the docility of it; a fact known to every one who has had it living in their poffeffion. Pfittacus coronatus, Lin. Syf. i. p. 143. N° 21. Cockatoo of Guiana, Bancr. Guian. p. 160. IZE of the next fpecies. The forehead is yellow: acreft arifes from the top of the head, like that of other Cockatoos, of a fearlet colour tipped with light blue, and may be ereéted or de- prefied at will: the colour of the body and tail is green; the outer feathers of the laft are blue on the outfides: the vent fea- thers are red with blue tips. This is Linueus’s defcription, who fays it inhabits Surinam. Bancroft fays, that it is lefs than a common Parrot. ‘ The bill fhort and cheftnut-coloured : head, cheeks, and neck, covered with long, loofe, dull red feathers, variegated with whitifh bars: the feathers at the top of the head are an inch and half in length, and there, as well as thofe of the cheeks and neck, are erected at pleafure: the bedy and wings are green; and the feathers of the tail, which are fhort, are fome green, others of a dull red.” Thefe are no doubt the fame birds, though the defcription varies a little. Liz Le 259 PLACE, Ge CROWNED COCKATOO. DeEscRIPTION. PrLacs. OBSERVATION. 260 66. BLACK COCKATOO. DeEscRIPTION. 67. RED AND WHITE PARROT. DESCRIPTION. PA, RRO) \T. Le Kakatoés noir, Buf. oif. vi. p. 97- Great black Cockatoo, Edw. glean. pl. 316. F we may judge by the fize of the head which accompanies the drawing of this bird in Edwards, it muft at leaft be of the fize of the red and blue Maccaw, if not bigger. The general colour is black, with a large creft on the head, of a colour fomewhat more pale than the reft of the plumage: the bill is dufky brown : the eye dark: fide of the head, from the eyes to the under man- dible, bare of feathers, wrinkled, and of a red colour: the legs brown black. This was taken from a drawing done by order of Governor Loten at Ceylon. In Parkinfon’s voyage * are mentioned black Cockatoos of a large fize, having white fpots between the beak and ear, as well as on each wing, and fcarlet and orange-coloured feathers on their — tails. Thefe were met with on the coalt of New Holland, in the South Seas. Pfittacus erythroleucus, Lz. Sy/?. i. p. 144. N° 23. Le Kakatoes a ailes & queue rouges, Brif. orn. iv. p. 214. N° 12, Buf. vif. vi. p. 96. Pfittacus erythroleucos Aldrovandi, Raié Syn. p. 31. N° 8. Red and white Parrot of Aldrovandus, W7ll. orz. p. 114. N° 8. ee GIZE of a large Fowl: length feventeen inches. Bill black: 7 head, throat, neck, back, fides, thighs, fcapulars, and upper * Po 144, See alfo Hawk/w. Vey. vol. ii. p. 18. & and Pe! sOUeT. and lower wing coverts, of a dirty white, or pale afh-colour: the lower part of the back, rump, upper and lower tail coverts, quills, and tail, are vermilion: the legs are blackifh: claws black. Where it inhabits unknown.. Pfittacus erithacus, Liz. Syf.i. p. 144. N° 24.—Scop. Ana. i. p. 31. N° 30. Le Perroquet cendre de Guinée, Bri/. orm. iv. p..310. N° 4g. — -——-~ oule Jaco, Buf. oif. vi. p. 100.—P/. enlum. 311+ Der grave Papagey, der rother fchwantz, Frifch. t. 51. _ Pfittacus cinereus, feu fubceruleus Aldrov. Razz Synz. p. 31. N°7. Afh-coloured Parrot, Will. orn. p. 114. N° 7.—Albin.i. pl. 12. Br. Muf. Lev. Muf. YT HIS is a well-known Parrot: of the fize of a {mall Pigeon: the length is twenty inches. The bill is black: cere and fkin round the eyes meally and white: iris yellowifh white: ge- neral colour cinereous: the feathers on the head, neck, and under parts, have hoary edges: the rump and lower part of the belly are hoary, with cinereous edges: the tail is of a bright red; the fhafts blackifh : legs afh-colour: claws blackith. This bird talks well, at leaft equal to the green Parrot, but is much lefs noify at other times. that word betng very plainly repeated by the bird. It is from Guinea that they are ufually fetched, being firft brought from the inland parts. of Africa; they are found alfo at Congo, and on the coafts of Angola. As to the common man-~ ners of this bird in the tame ftate, they are well known in Eng- land, as well as elfewhere. It is called by fome aco, from. 261 68. 4- ASH- COLOURED PARROT. DEscRIPTION. PLACE AND Manners». 262 68. Var. A. RED-WINGED ASH- COLOURED PARROT. 68. Var. B. RED AND ASH- COLOURED PARROT. DescripTion. 68. Var.C, PCUAUR UR OT. Le Perroquet de Guinée 4 ailes rouges, Bri/: ora. iv. p. 313. Ac qe differs from the other merely in having the wings marked with red, Le Perroquet de Guinée varié de rouge, Bri/. orn. iv. p. 313, B, Afh-coloured and red Parrot, Edw. iv. t. 163. HIS too is a variety, having many red feathers mixed throughout with the grey ones. Pfittacus ruber, Scop. Aan. i. p. 32, N° 346 COPOLi alfo mentions a further variety. This had the head afh-coloured: cheeks quite naked: on the breaft two brown feathers : prime quills cinereous brown: colour of the reft of the body not mentioned *, only that the tail is red. A friend of mine has one of the firft defcribed, which has two feathers on the middle of the breaft crimfon, which has not varied for many years. 3 It is not unufual for female Parrots to lay eggs in this country, A gentleman + at Marmande in France had a male and female, which They made but as they are not impregnated, no heed is taken of them. for five or fix years together produced young ones. ® Moft likely it was red, from his naming it the Pfrtacus ruber (red Parrot). + MM. le Pigeoniire. Hif?. des oif. vi. p. 115. the PARROR the neft in fpring, and the female laid four eggs, of which never more than three were good. The neft was made in a cafk, which had-one end knocked out, and filled with faw-duft: proper accommodations were made to get in and out, fo that the male might fit by his mate. If any one prefumed to enter the cham- ber wherein they were, without his boots on, he was fure to fuffer, by having his legs bit terribly by the male, who was jealous to a degree, particularly if any one approached the female. ‘This is not the firft account of a circumftance of the like kind, for Le P. Labat * tells_us.of a pair which hatched young ones at Paris. Le Perroquet cendré du Brefil, Bri/. orn. iv. p. 313. N° 500 Maracana Brafil. prima Marcgr. Raii Syz. p. 29. N° 4. Maracana, Will. orn. p. 112. N° s. ape bird is faid by Willughby to be bigger than the laft. The whole plumage of a blueifh afh-colour. Said to inhabit Bra/fi. This muft originally have come from Gwivea {, as there are none of this colour in 4merica f, and, on the contrary, are very common.in Africa, and tranfported to America along with the. negro flaves. * Nouv. Voy. aux Ifles de Amerique, ii. p. 160. + Hift. des oif. vi. p. 249. : { Parrots, fo called, are very numerous, and of different {pecies, in Guiana, but none of them deftitute of green feathers ; fuch-as the a/f-coloured Parrot of Guie wea, the white-crefted Parrots, and fome others. Bancrofi’s Hift. of Guiana, Lev. 69: CINEREOUS PARROT. DeEscRIPTIONe- PLAC. 264. 70. « SOUTHERN BROWN PARROT. DescripTion. PLACE. 71. BLACK PARROT. DescrRIPTION. Pr A? OR? Re Qe at. Lev. Muf. IZE not much lefs than a Crow: length fixteen inches. The bill is very large, hooked, and of a blue black: a round bare afh-coloured {kin furrounds the eyes: the whole top of the head pale afh-colour: round the lower mandible, throat, and fore part and fides of the neck, of a cheftnut red; the middle of the fea- thers paleft: over the ears rufty yellow: the hind head and back part of the neck deep afh-colour and pale mixed : back, wings, — and tail, greenifh afh-colour, fomewhat gloffed with copper: the margins of the feathers darkeft : from the breaft to the vent cheft- nut red; the margins deepeft: the tail beneath is of the fame co- lour ; it is pretty even at the end; at the tip of each feather the fhaft ftands out in a point: the tips of all the feathers are brown: legs black. Inhabits New Zealand. Pfittacus niger, Lin. Sy?. i. p. 145. N° 29. Le Perruche noir de Madagafcar, Bri/. orn. iv. p. 317¢ N° 53. Le Vafa, ou Perroquet noir, Buf. oi/. vi. p. 119. te 4. Le Perroquet noir de Madagafcar, Pl. enl. 500. Black Parrot of Madagafcar, Edw. i. t. 5. ENGTH thirteen inches and a half. Bill and cere of a light flefh-colour: eyes in a bare white fkin: irides dark brown: the whole head and body of a dufky blueifh black, except the upper part of the wings, which is dark afh: the tail is five inches and a half long: legs dull flefh-colour: claws black. ‘The bill PARR O/T, ‘bill is much fmaller, and the tail longer, than is ufual in this genus, rn Inhabits Madaga/car—Mem, That defcribed by Edwards had chree or four white feathers in each wing, Piittacus Mafcarinus, Lin, Mant. 1771. Pp. 524+ ; Le Perroquet Mafcarin, Brif. orm, iv. p, 315, N° 52. Le Mafcarin, Buf. oif. vi. p. 120. ts 5. Mafcarin, P/. exl. 35. Lev. Muf. a variety. 26¢ Pace. 726 MASCARINE PARROT. HIS fpecies is bigger than the a/b-coloured Parrot: length Descrtrtion. thirteen inches and a half. The bill and cere are reddifh: the bafe of the bill is furrounded with black, for half an inch in breadth: orbits bare, and of a light red: irides red: top of the head, and hind part of the neck, pale afh: back, rump, fore part of the neck, breaft, belly, fides, fcapulars, upper and under_tail and wing coverts, deep afh, as are the greater quills: tail the fame, but the fide feathers are whitith at the bafe: legs pale ficfh- colour: claws grey *. ; Linnzus fays it inhabits Mafcarin; but Buffon derives his name from the bird having a fort of mafk + round the bill. © In the Leverian Mufeum is one of thefe, with the matk in front. The ground colour of the plumage the fame as in the ahove, but irregularly fprinkled with white feathers throughout: the tail, part white, part brown, but not regular; fome of the quills and tail feathers being wholly white, while the @ppofites, which fhould have anfwered them, were white and brown: it is a pars ticular and beautiful /a/us nature. + © Parcequ’il a au tour du Bec, une forte de mafque noir.” Mm Le Praces 266 BROWN: PARROT. Dx3scrsPTION: 74 HAWK- HEADED PARROT. DEscripTioNe P A R R OT, Le Perroquet brun, Brif. orm iv. p. 314. N° 516 Ape whole of this bird is of a plain brown afh-colour: it~ is: a trifle lefs than.the afh-coloured Parrot; and is thirteen: . inches and a half long, Buffon™ mentions one, which is in the French king’s cabinet, of the fame frze with the laft, but had nei- ther the black mafk, nor was white at the bafe of the tail; perhaps. it might be this bird of Briffon’s; or, as it had the bill {mall in: proportion, may prove an intermediate fpecies, between the. twoe laft, partaking much of both. Fiittacus accipitrinus, Liz. Spf. i. p..148. N° 38s Le Perruche varié.des Indes, Brif. ora. iv. p.300. N° 43. Le Perroquet varié, Buf, off. vi. p. 1176 Pfittacus elegans Clufi, Razz Sya. p. 32. N° 116 Hawk-headed Parrot, Edw. iv. t. 165. IZE of a.fmall Pigeon: length twelve inches anda half. Bill’ and cere blackifh : round the eyes the fame, and bare: irides deep yellow or hazel: head, cheeks, and throat, brown; on each. feather is a paler {tripe down the middle: neck, breaft, and belly, . purple; the feathers edged with blue: back, rump,: feapulars, upper wing and tail coverts, fine green: fides: and under leffer: wing coverts yellow green; the greater ones blue black: prime- quills black above, the outer edges and tips blue; the feconda-. ries green: tail a little rounded, and five inches and‘a quarter: long ; above green; all the feathers except the two middle ones- have blue tips; beneath blue black: legs and claws dark lead- 3 Hift, des oife Vir D> 121, - ; zolour.. PreAOR- RQ. TH . ‘colour, When this bird is provoked, it Lets up the feathers round ‘the neck like a ruff *. Inhabits the Zaft Indies. Le Papegai maillé, Buf: cif vi. p, 239. t. 12. ‘Le Perroquet maillé, Pi. enl, §26. ye ae top of the head, and round the face, covered with nar- row and long white feathers ftriped with blackifh: hind ‘head and fides of the neck of a fine red browh edged with blue: ‘breaft and ftomach«fhaded with the fame, with a glofs of green: ‘the upper parts of the body and tail are of a glofly green: the ‘quills, and under the tail, are brown; and the edges of the tail feathers violet blue. When this bird is irritated, it fets Bp! the feathers round the head like a ruff. This, fays Buffon, is only a variety of the laft bird, hav- ing been brought originally from the Zaft Indies, and now natu- ralifed to Guiana, where it is‘now found. It is obferved to have a fharp and thrill cry, different from all other Parrots of the Ame- rican continent. 1 have fome notion that this is the bird mentioned by Fermin, ‘by the name of Perroquet varié+. Tle fays that the feathers of the neck are variegated, of a deep reddifh cofour tipped with elegant blue: belly the fame, but fprinkled with brown: back green: quills blueifh : tail all green. - This defcription fomewhat differs ; but what ftrikes me, is the circumftance of tne bird’s fetting up the feathers round the head © See this remarked by Clifxs, in his difcourfe on Parrots. Will. orn. ps 119» + Defer. de Surin iis po 176. M m2 fo B67 Place. 74° Var. A. MAILED PARROT, DESCRIPTION. 263 75° RUFF ECKED PARROT. DEscRiIPTION. PY ARR OT, fo as to appear as a very handfome creft, as Fermin fays it does when angry ; and, as this is a circumftance recorded of no other Parrot, it may perhaps prove the fame bird. Le Perroquet de la Guadeloupe, Bri/. orm. iv. p. 302. -N° 44. Le Crik a téte violette, Bufv oé/. vi. p. 233. Perroquet de la Guadeloupe, Du Yartre Hift. des Antill, ii. p. 250. £. in ps 246 bad. 6 se fays Du Tertre, is fo beautiful and fo fingular a bird, in ' refpect to its plumage, that it ought to be defcribed. It is near the fize of a Fowl]. The bill andthe eyes bordered with flefh-colour: head, neck, and belly, violet, with a flight mixture of ereen and black, and changeable like the breaft of a Pigeon: the back brownifh green: the greater quills black; the others yellow, green, and red: on the wing coverts there are two fpots: in fhape and colour of rofes. When it erects the neck feathers, it makes the appearance of a ruff round the head, in which it feems to admire itfelf, as a Peacock does with its tail fpread. i do not find any one who has feen it befides this author. It-is not known now at Guadeloupe, where Du Tertre affirms he met with it* ; but perhaps the race may be nearly extinét, Parrots of all kinds being the food of the natives of many places ; and fuch * Tt muft once have been plenty, as this author mentions their being very fat at certain feafons, and much’ coveted for food. He alfo talks of their being very tame, infomach that a pair having made a neft in a large tree, not far from his habitation, the male and female alternately came there for food, and afterwards brought: their- young, as foon as they were able tofly. Hits des Matilles, ii, Pe 2510 birds, Ay RE RQ.) Ps Birds, in courfe, muft be lefs numerous in proportion to the ins creafe of inhabitants. This feems. to be related to the two former ones. Pfittacus parrulus, Liz. Sy. i. p. 144. N° 25. Le Lory de. Ceram, Brif. orn. iv. p. 215. N° 13.—Baf. of. vis P. 129. var. 2d. Lory, Raii Syx. 151. N°g. Der gank rothe Papagey, &c. Fri/ch. t. 45. Scarlet Parrakeeto with green and black wings, W72//, orn. p. 117. - Purple Parrot, Charlt. exer. p. 75. N° 16.—Onxom.. p. 67+ N° 16, Lev. Mu/f. IZE of a Dove: length ten inches and a quarter.. The bill is orange red: cere afh-coloured: the bare fpace round the eyes the fame: irides deep yellow: general colour fcarlet, except the leffer and-under wing coverts, which are mixed with green and yellow: the wings are firft yellow, then green; the baftard wings violet: greater quills dark green, beneath hoary ; they are fcarlet on the infide, and the tips are cinereous :. the two middle tail feathers are firft green, then dull red, and tipped with green; the next on each fide red for two-thirds of its length, and afterwards. green; and the four outer ones firft fcar- let, then violet, with deep green tips: the lower part of the thigh feathers, or garter, green: legs brown: claws black. {ohabits.the ifle of Ceram, and the reft of the Moluccas. er se Pfittacug “6. CERAM LORY. DeEscRiPTions - PLace, bys | PARROT 76. >Pfittacus garrulus B. Liz. Syf. i. p. 144. N° 25. ‘Var. A. Pfittacus coccin. orient. alis ex viridi & nigrovariis, Rati Syn. p. 31. N°-gs NOMA LORY: Variété du Noira, Buf. oi/. vi. p. 129. N° 1. Description, @IZE of a Blackbird. Bill yellow: irides the fame: body fcar- ~~ let: ridge of the wing yellow: wing coverts green: quills black, with the outer webs green; beneath dufky: lower half of the tail yellow; the end half yellow green: round the knees a garter of green: legs very fhort and black. ‘Puacz. Mr. Ray mentions to have feen this in London, which came from the Eaft Indies. 76. Pfittacus garrulus y, Lin. Syf. i. p. 145. N® 25. Mae Le Lory des Moluques, Bri/ orn. iv. p. 219. N° 14. t. 23. f. 3. oF LORY 4 Lori noira, Buf. off. vi. p. 127. Lori des Moluques, P/. ex/. 216. Scarlet Lory, Ede. iv. t. 172. ¢ Lev. Muf. IZE of the others. Bill orange: cere afh-coloured: round the eye the fame: body of a fine fcarlet, except a few {pots of yellow en the back, between the wings: the fhoulders of the wings are yellow, then green, afterwards green with yellow tips = greater quills dark green, inclining to blue: the two middle tail feathers deep green, but near the fhafts have a tinge of dull red half way down ; the fide feathers half red half green; and the two outfide ones have 2 violet tinge on the outer edge ; beneath, all the DESCRIPTION. PAR WO 1: hee: the tail feathers are reddifh yellow: round the knees a blue gar- ter: legs brown: claws black. I perceived’ a further variety in the collection of Dr. Hunter, which had many of the wing coverts tipped with blue, and no garter round the bottom of the knee: otherwife like the others. Inhabits the Moluecca Tfles. Praces Pfittacus domicella, Liz. Sy. i. p. 14g. N° 26. - 776 Le Lory des Indes orientales, Brif. orm. iv. p. 222. N° 15: t. 240 f 1. PL. Weir ail q enlum. 84. 1a femelle. LORY. Le Lori a Collier, Buf. vif. vi. p. 130. ede Second black-cap Lory, Eda. iv. t. 171. Lev. Mz... SIZE of the others: length near eleven inches: Bill red:-cere - Descrirrrow. ~ and round the eyes afh-colour: irides orange: top of the head purplifh black: neck, body, and tail fcarlet; the laft tipped with green: on the breaft is an obfcure * yellow crefcent: the: lower thigh feathers are blue:.upper wing coverts green; the~ under ones blue:-edge of the wings blue and green. mixed::. legs blackifh. Inhabits the Ea/t-Indiess - | Piaee. Le Lory 4 Collier des Indes, Brif. orn. iv. p. 230: N° 18-* 77. Le Lori a Collier, Buf. oif- Vi. p. gts , Dre Gane Le Lori. male des Indes orientales, Pl.ienl. 119,. 5 : LORY. iaurey from the Brafils, dlbiz.i. t. 13. - RILL yellowifh: round the eyes black:: -iridés: yellow: upper® Descrrpeicn, part of the head of a fhining blue: -neck, throat, back, fca- * The yellow is confpicuous enly when the feathers are blown back, not as.” they lay over one another, according to Brien... - & pulars,., PLACE. Pr Ai RY Re iO. pulars, breaft, and upper part of the belly, fcarlet: the neck en- circled with a ring of yellow: lower part of the back, rump, and lower part of the belly, white and rofe-colour mixed; as are the thighs: upper and under tail coverts red and white mixed: wing coverts green, mixed with yellow: quills fine blue: leffer quills yellowifh green: tail purple, with a caft of red brown: legs cinereous: claws black. Albin brings it from Brafil, but Briffon from the Ea/t-Indies. Buffon is of opinion, that thefe two laft are only male and fe- male, and that the laft isthe male. He obferves, that the female wants the ring on the neck; and that the blue on the head takes up lefs foace, and is lefs in fize; the chief difference being in the want or prefence of the ring on the neck: but in this cafe Mr. Albin’s bird muft be a confiderable variety at leaft, from the dif- ference of colour on the lower part of the back, &c. M. de Buffon too obferves, that all the Lories are brought from the Moluccas, or New Guinea; who is joined in opinion by M. Sonnerat *, Thefe birds are remarkable for their fpeaking diftingtly, as well as their aptnefs to learn quickly any thing they are taughe. They are in general very fcarce, and fell dear, from the difficulty _.of bringing them over, and keeping them afterwards. ® <¢ €’ef improprement que les ornithologiftes ont défigné les Loris par les ‘Noms de Loris des Philippines, des Indes orientales, de la Chine, Se. Les oifeaux de cette efpéce ne fe trouvent qu’aux Molugues & ala Nouvelle Guinée, ceux qu’on yoit ailleurs, en ont tous eté tranfportés.” Sonnerat Voy. a la Nouv. Guinée, PP. 373- Phittacus IPA Ake SRE REA OrRe A Piittacus Lory, Liv. Sy?.i. p. 145. N° 27. Le Lory des Philippines. Bri/. orz. iv. p. 225. N° 16. t. 23. f. 2. Le Lori tricolor, Buf. cif. vi. p. 1326 Lory des Philippines, P/. ex/. 168. Firft black-cap Lory, Zdw. iv. t. 170. Lev. Mu. ENGTH ten inches and three quarters. Bill orange: cere and round the eyes afh-coloured: irides fine orange: whole crown of the head black, with a blue caft: neck and body fcar- -let, except a patch of blue between the neck and back, and ano- ther on the lower part of the breaft, mixing among the red fea- thers: wing coverts green above: quills for the moft part green, but fome of them edged with yellow: lower part of the thighs, the vent, and under tail coverts, blue: the two middle feathers of the tail half red, half green; the fide ones red half way, then green, with the outer edge violet : legs blackith. Said to come from the Phikppine Iflands. Mr. Sonnerat found it at the Ifle of Yoo *, which moft probably is it’s natural abode. This fpecies is exceedingly familiar, playing with, and running after thofe who keep it. It is much to be regretted, that its du- ration of life proves fo fhort in thefe colder regions. Le Lory d’Amboine, Bri/. orn. iv. p. 23%. Le Lori Cramoifi, Buf. oif. vi. p. 133. Lory @Amboine, P/. ext. 518. Blue-breafted Parrot. Brown’s I/luj?. t. 6. YF ENGTH eleven inches and a half; and in fize fomewhat bigger than the reft of the Lories. The bill is dull red: *° Mem. The Spaniards call this ifland one of the Philippines, but the Durch rank it among the Moluccas. Nn cere 273 73. BLACK-~ CAPPED LORY. DESCRIPTION. PLACE ish CRIMSON LORY. DEscRIPTION. Ss “I obs 8o.. MOLUCCA: LORY. DESCRIPTION. PLACE. 80. Var. A. DEsCRIPTION. BA RAR Oy ale cere and round the eyes blackifh: irides orange: general colour deep crimfon: breaft, belly, fides, thighs, under tail and leffer under wing coverts, deep violet: greater under wing coverts blackifh brown: prime quills dull red, but of a blackifh brown on the infides and beneath: tail feathers * deep fcarlet, tipped with a pale dirty red: legs brown: claws black. In the Planches Enluminées, and that figured by Brown, the bill is black. In the laft, the greater quills and one of the feconda~ ries are blue, though not mentioned in his defcription. The ends of the tail feathers are orange yellow: legs dufky: claws black. Lori de Gilolo, Son Voy. p. 177. t. L1ze Le Lori rouge, Buf. of. vi. p. 134. _ Lori de la Chine, P/, ent. 519. "THIS is ten inches in length,-and the plumage almoft entirely red. The bill and irides are of the colour of orpiment, and the eye is placed in an oval of black, running out into a point before and behind: on the middle of the wing there is an ultramarine blue ¢ fpot; and the under tail coverts are of the fame colour. The quills are black: and the end of the tail cheftnut. This inhabits the Moluccas, and New Guinea. Lev. Muf- ENGTH nine inches. Bill red: cere and orbits blueith : general colour of the plumage deep red: fcapulars of a ” The two middle feathers are a trifle longer than the others; but fcarce enough {o, to place it among thofe with pointed tails. + Two, according to Buffon, in the middle of the back. ’ elofly PARE RY SON TN, glofty light blue: lower belly and vent the fame: two or three of the thigh feathers alfo pale blue: the greater wing coverts have the ends blue; the quills red; but the fecondaries have dark blue ends, and the primaries greenifh black ones. ‘The baftard wing dufky black: the tail of a dull red, with dufky margins, Said to come from the Ea/t-Indies. Le grand Lori, Buf. oif vi. p. 135. Lori de la Nouvelle Guinée, P/.-ex/. 683. Purper-roode Loeri, Vo/maer. Monog. 1769. p. 10. t. Fe HIS is the largeft of all the Lories, being thirteen inches in length. ‘The bill is black: the head and neck are fine red: the lower part of the neck next the back violet blue: breaft richly clouded with red, blue, violet, and green; the mixture of green and red goes on to the belly: the quills, and edge of the wing from the fhoulder, fky blue: the reft of the plumage is a deep red: half of the tail is red, and the end yellow: legs afh- coloured. Mr. Vofinaer * fpeaks of it as coming from Ceylon; but Buffon fuppofes it firft to have been brought there from another place. ‘The three laft-mentioned feem to run much one into another, as to colour; but as we have the above authorities for placing them as diftinét fpecies, we fhall fo do, till a better acquaintance with them may clear up the doubt. * He fays, that it is bigger than the Zrithacus, and lefs than the Z/fiwus. Nn 2 IN 275 PLACE. 81. GRAND LORY. DESCRIPTION. 81. Var. A. 82- YELLOW- BREASTED LORY. DescRIPTION. PLACE. PAR Fr O Te N the Mufeum of Dr. Hunter is a Parrot, which feerns to nearly anfwer the above defcription. Length the fame: bilt black: cere dufky: head, neck, and breaft, fine red: upper parts: of the body brown and green, mixed with a little clouded blue, in different parts: between the wings blue and green mixed: the — lower part of the breaft and belly blue: vent the fame, with a mixture of greenifh: thighs deep cheftnut, the feathers with green margins: edge of wing, and under wing coverts, blue: quills. dufky, with deep blue margins: tail cheftnut, with paler tips = legs dufky. Pfittacus Guineenfis, F. F. Miller, t. 290 ENGTH ten inches. Bill black: cere white: throat and round the eye the fame: above the eye a patch of yellow =: reft of the head and neck crimfon: the breaft is yellow: wing coverts green: quills blue, edged with yellow: under the wings,. belly, thighs, vent, and under part of the tail, white :. the tips of the laft red: legs dufky: claws black. Inhabits Guinea. Mem. The colour of the back and upper part of the tail could not be known, as the pofition of the bird in the print did not ad- mit of it. GN AR ER OO) eT Le Lory du Brefil, Bri/. orn. iv. p. 229. N°17- Le Paragua, Buf. oi/. vi. p. 248. Paragua, Raii Synz. p.33, N°4. — Will. orn. p. 115. ch. ge QIZE of the Amazons Parrot. Bill cinereous : irides red: head, hind part of the neck, bottom of the belly, thighs, and lower tail coverts, black : back, rump, upper tail coverts, throat, fore part of the neck, breaft, upper part of the belly, and fides, fcarlet : the {capulars, upper and under wing coverts, and quills, black: the tail is alfo black. Inhabits Brafl. Buffon thinks there is fome probability of this having an 4fricam origin, for the reafons given under the cinereous Parrot. ‘ Pfittacus cerulocephalus, Liz. Sy/ff. i. p. 145. N° 28. Le Perroquet bleu de la Guiane, Brif- orz. iv. p. 304. N° 46. Le Crik rouge & bleu, Buf. oi/. vi. p. 226. = Pfittacus verficolor feu erythrocyanus Aldroy. Raid Syz. p. 31. N° 6. _ Red and blue Parrot of Aldrovandus, Will. orn. p. 114. N° 6. IZE of the dufky Parrot: length nine inches. The bill is blackifh : {pace round the eyes bare and whitifh: irides yel- low: head, throat, neck, and breaft, blue: on the top of the head is a_yellow fpot : upper part of the back pale blue: lower, fides, and rump, yellow: belly green: the feathers of the wine and tail are rofe-colour ; the coverts of the firft are mixed with green, yellow, and rofe-colour; thofe of the tail green: legs reddifh grey. 9 This 277 83- - PARAGUAN LORY. DESCRIPTIONs PLAcE> 84. RED *AND BLUE PARROT. DeEscRIPTIONs $5. GREEN AND RED CHINESE PARROT. DESCRIPTION. PLACE, 86. GREAT- BILLED PARROT. DeEscRIpTion. Prva eR: eR On This is the defcription of Aldrovand, who does not mention from what country itcame; but Brifon, miftaking it for the Perroquet violet of Barrere, which comes from Guiana, placed it as a native. of that place in courfe. Le Perroquet de la Chine, Bri: orz. iv. p. 291, N° 39. Le Perroquet vert, Buf. oif. vi. p. 116. Perroquet de la Chine, P/. ex]. 514. Le grand Perroquet verd de la Nouvelle Guinée, Sox. Voy. p. 174. t. 1085 Green and red Parrot from China, Edw. glean. t. 231. IZE of amiddling Hen. The upper mandible red at the bafe, with a yellowifh tip ; the lower one black: there is neither cere nor bare {kin round the eyes: the irides are orange: the bird is wholly green, except the fides and under wing coverts, which are red: the edge of the wing, and fome of the greater coverts, are blue: the under part of the tail is brown: legs and claws black. Inhabits China and Amboina; but in the former only in the moft fouthern provinces: ‘it is not common. Buffon fays he has received it from the Moluccas and New Guinea; and Sonnerat likewife defcribes it as being a native of the laft place. Le Perroquet a Bec couleur de Sang, Buf. oi/. vi. po 122. Perroquet-de la Nouvelle Guinée, P/. ex/. 713. P9HIS is fourteen inches in length, and is a large-fized Parrot. The bill blood-colour, very thick and broad, more fo than in other Parrots, or even Maccaws: the head and neck are fine green, Bao Ie Re O.. TL, green, with a gilded glofs: fore part of the body yellow, fhaded with green: tail green above, yellow beneath: back blue green: the wing appears tinged with a mixture of fky-blue and green, according to different afpects: the coverts are black; the fea- thers edged and variegated with dathes of gilded yellow. Inhabits New Guinea. Le grand Perroquet vert a téte bleu, Buf. oi/- vi, p. 122- Perroquet d’Amboine, P/. en/. 862. sede is likewife a very large bird, being fixteen inches in length. ‘The forehead and crown are blue: the reft of the plumage is grafs-green, with a great mixture of blue on the quills: the under parts of the body are olive greens the tail is fhort; above green, and of a dull yellow beneath: legs lead- colour. Inhabits Amboina. Pfittacus leucocephalus, Lz. Sy/f. 1. ps 145. N° 30. Le Perroquet de la Martinique, Brif. orn. iv. p. 242. N° 26. L’Amazone a téte blanche, Buf. o7/. vi. p. 212. tr Qe a Perroquet a front blanc du Senegal, P/. enl. 335. White-headed Parrot, Edw. iv. t. 166. Lev. Muf. _ IZE ofa {mall Pigeon. Bill flefh-colour: cere white, as is the fpace round the eyes: irides dark hazel: general colour of the plumage green; the feathers margined with brown, moft confpicuous on the fore parts: the forehead is white: crown of the PLAcE. 87. AMBOINA PARROT. Description. PLAce. 88. WHITE- FRONTED. PARROT. DESCRIPTION. 280 PLACE. 88. = Viaiee As + WHITE- HEADED PARROT. DeEscRiPrion. RRP A aRG WRG ae the head blue, with a few red fpots: cheeks, throat, and fore part of the neck, fine fcarlet: belly green, with a mixture of red, and in fome ferruginous: greater quills blue, beneach blackith : the two middle tail feathers green; the three next on each fide red for three parts of the way from the bafe, the ends green; the outfide ones the fame, but blueifh on the outfides: legs and claws deep brown. Edwards fays, that in fome the ridge of the wing is red, and in others not. Inhabits Martimico, and other parts. Le Perroquet a Gorge rouge de la Martinique, Bri/- ern. iv. p. 244. N° 272 L’Amazone a téte blanche, Buf. oi/. vi. p. 212: var. 4 Perroquet de la Martinique, PJ. ex/. 549. i Pfittacus leucocephalus Aldrov. Raii Syz, p. 31. N° 5. p. 181. N° ie White-headed Parrot of Aldrovandus, Will. orn, p.113. N°5 Lev. Mu. ¥Y ENGTH twelve inches and a half. Bill. and cere flefh- colour: the bare fpace round the eye white: irides hazel: forehead, to the middle of the crown, white: throat, and fore part of the neck, pale red; the feathers margined with white : hind head and upper parts of the body, the breaft, and fides, are green; each feather margined with black brown or black: belly dull purple: thighs on the infide the. fame, but. on the outfide green: greater wing coverts fartheft from the body blue, the inner webs black at the bafe: greater quills blue, the inner webs black; the leffer green: the two middle tail feathers green ; the next on each fide green on the outfide, and yellow within; the four outer ones on the infide, half way from the bafe, red, then yellow, with a ereenith ycilow end; the outfiide green,with the tips on both fides blue: legs flefh-coloured : claws grey. Inhabits BAUR OR OF. Inhabits Martinico, Famaica, Mexico. By mixing his references, Linneus means to rank the two laft asone. ‘They are certainly varieties of each other at leaft, and as fuch I have placed them. This laft wants the blue on the crown: the belly is darker : and the tail differs in colour. Lev. Muf. ENGTH ten inches and a half. Bill pale yellow: cere and orbits cinereous: forehead to the middle of the crown white ; the reft of the head above pale blue; on each fide of the head, between the eye and bill, a fpot of red: the plumage in general a full green; the margins of the feathers brown black; but on the throat and belly not margined, and of a lighter green: the baftard wing, and the middle part of one or more of the fecond quills, are red; greater quills blue ; fome of the outer ones green on the outer edges, the ends black: the tail is rounded; the two middle feathers dark green; bafe of the tail crimfon; the ref ereen; darkeft on the edges ; the fhafts cheftnut. Le Perroquet a téte bleue de la Martinique, Bri/. orz. iv. ps 251. N° 29. Le Papegai a ventre pourpre, Buf. oi/. vi. p. 242. de la Martinique, PI. ex/. 548. SIZE of a Pigeon: length eleven inches and a half. Bill and cere white: orbits the fame: general colour green: moft of the feathers margined with black: forehead white: top of the head blue afh: belly red and green mixed: thighs blue green : bend of the wing white: baftard wing, and feathers adjacent, Oo blue: ae: Pace. 88. Var. B. WHITE- CROWNED PARROT. Description. 88. Var. Cc. ASH- CROWNED PARROT. DeEscRIPTION. 282 PLact. 89. YELLOW- HEADED AMAZONS PARROT. DascriPTion. 39. Var. A. YELLOW- CROWNED PARROT. DEseRIPTION. FAR R © TF. blue: quills black, with the margins of fome of them blue and: others'green: the two middle tail feathers green; the next ‘yel- low'on the infide half way from the bafe, near the fhaft reddifh,, the end green; the nest three on each fide red like the laft, but on both fides; and the outer one red, with the end yellowif: green, and the outer margin blue: legs grey :, claws brown. Inhabits Martinice. Pf&ittacus nobilis *, Liz. Syf. 1. p. 140. N° 5. Le Perroquet Amazone du Brefil, Brif. orn. iv. p. 272. N° 35, t. 26. Ff te L’Amazone a téte jaune, Buf. oi/. vi. p. 208. UFFON places this bird at the head of his Amazonian: Parrots, and defcribes it thus: The bill is red at the ‘bafe, and afh-coloured the reft of its length: irides yellow: ‘top of the head lively bright yellow: throat, neck, back, and upper wing coverts, green: breaft and belly yellowifh greens: ridge of the wing bright red: quills varied with green, black,. violet blue, and red: the two outer tail feathers have the inner webs red at the bafe, beyond that of a deep green to near the end,, which is yellow green: legs grey: claws black. K’Amazone a téte jaune, var r Buf. oif. vi. p. 209. Perroquet vert & rouge de Cayenne, Pl. ex]. 312. - THis bird differs from the former in having only a little yellow on the forehead inftead of the whole crown: the green co- ® This only regards the fynonyms placed under the zodi/is; for he certainly. means a different bird, with naked cheeks, fuch as is defcribed in the Muf Adolphi Fred. ii, p. %3-—noticed by usin p. 207. N°.8. 6 Jour PA RRO Te Your is alfo lefs bright, or a kind of yellowifh green : on the wing a little red as in the laft: and a-fhade of yellow under the tail: the bill is reddit, and the-legs grey: the fize: is, the fame, fo as to put it out*of doubt.the: being a variety: the length about ine inches. This, fays Buffox, has not been mentioned by any. naturalift be- fore, although the bird:is known at Guiana by the name of the baftard Amazon, or balf Amazon; and they fay that it {prings from a crofs breed with another Parrot, One in the Leverian Mufeum has the forehead and fides of the head, as far as the ears, yellow; the reft of the head and body ‘greens the ridge of the wing is red, and a {pot of the fame in the sniddle of the wing, &c. like the others. In the fame place is another, fuppofed to be younger, in which the yellow on the forehead is not diftinét, being. mixed with green: the ridge of the wing Jikewife is of a mixed red-colour, and the end of the bafe of the tail not fo dark: it has a line of black juft round the bill, and the fize not fo large, Le Perroquet Amazone a bec varié, Brif. orn.iv. p. 270% L’Amazone a téte jaune, var. 2. Buf. oif. vi. ps 210. Pfittacus Poikilorhynchos Aldrovandi, Raéi §yz; p. 30. N° 3. Aldrovandus his Parrot, with a parti-coloured bill, 772//, orm. p. 113. HIS is as large as a Fowl: and is in length eighteen inches. ~ It varies chiefly in the bill; and is defcribed by Willughdy in this manner: The upper chap in the upper part was of a blueith: green; of a yellow oker on the fides; the tip croffed with a white fpot; the lower chap of the bill of a lead-colour round about, and yellow in the middle.” O02 Le 283 89. Var. B. PARTY-BILLED PARROT. Descrivrions 284 go. ASH-FRONTED PARROT. DeEscRIPTION. Prace, gl. COMMON. AMAZONS PARROT. DEscRIPTION. PiA UR RO eT. Le Perroquet des Barbades, Bri/: orn. iv. p. 236. N° 22. Green and yellow Parrot from Barbadoes, Albin. iii. te 11. IZE of a large Pigeon. Bill horn-colour: cere and orbits ci- nereous: forehead pale afh-colour: top of the head, cheeks, throat, and fore part of the neck, yellow : lefler wing coverts and thighs the fame: greater wing coverts, fartheft from the body, of a fine blue: the outer edge of the firft prime quills violet ; and of fome of the others red from the bafe to the middle, the: reft of the length blue: fecondaries green: tail green; the two. middle feathers a trifle the longeft: legs cinereous: claws. black. Inhabits Barbadoes. Pfittacus eftivus, Lin. Syf.i. p. 146. Ng2. Le Perroquet Amazone, Brif. orn. iv. p. 256. N° 3%:. L’Aourou-couraou, Buf. off. vi. p. 215- Le Perroquet Amazone, PJ. exl. 547. Ajuru-curau, Razi Syn. p. 32. N° 10 Marcgravius’s middle-fized Parrot, uf fpecies, Will. orn. p. 1153. HE bill is blackith: irides gold-colour: the forehead, and between the eyes, blueifh; the reft of the head yellow : throat yellow: the feathers edged with blueifh green: the: reft of the body light green, verging to yellow, on the back and belly : ridge of the wing red: upper wing coverts green: quills. varied with green, black, yellow, violet blue, and red: tail green,, but. PeACR ROT. 286 but when extended the feathers appear fringed with black, red, and blue: legs afh-colour. Inhabits Guiana and Bra/fil. Puacez. Le Perroquet a tefte jaune de la Jamaique, Brif. orn. iv. p. 233. N° 20. gt. Aourou-couraou, 1ft var. Buf. oif/. vi. p. 216. Var. A. Pfittacus viridis melanorhynchos Aldrovandi, Raiz Syz. p. 30. N° 4. enor Black-billed green Parrot of Aldrovandus, W2/l. orn. p. 113. N° 4. Jamaica Parrot, Brown's Fam. p. 473. TENGTH thirteen inches: fize of the afh-coloured Parrot. Descrrrrion. Bill black: iris deep faffron-colour: forehead and throat blue green: reft of the head and breaft yellow: body green above, yellow green beneath: edge of the wing and under tail coverts red: greater quills above green on the outer, and black on the inner fides; beneath, red near the end: tail yellow green. : Inhabits Jamaica. PLAact. Le Perroquet Amazone dela Jamaique, Brif. orz.iv. p.276. N° Ae, L’Aourou-couraou, var. 2d, Buf. oi/. vi. p. 217. Vin R. Pfitt. virid. alarum Cofta fuperne rubente Aldr. Raii Syn. p. 30. N° 2 MAIN p. 181. N°6. PARROT. Common green Parrot with the ridge of the wing red, Will. orn. p, 113° Nez. Main Parrot, Brown’s Fam. 472. T_ENGTH twelve inches anda half. Upper mandible red; at the bafe blueifh; in the middle and the tip black; the Yower one white: cere afh-coloured: eyes in a bare white fin: 3 irides DescripTricas- 286 PLace. gt. Var.C., BLUE-TOPPED PARROT. DESCRIPTION. PLACE. BueAg Ra Rie O, Ta irides reddifh: the feathers.on the upper parts. of the body are. _ green tipped with black ; beneath green, but inclining to yellow: forehead fky blue: crown yellow: cheeks and throat the fame, ‘but deeper: edge of the wing yellow and red mixed: leffer wing coverts fine red; all the others green: greater quills black edged with green ;. the lower parts of five of the middle ones are red; the reft green edged with yellow: tail. green; near the tip yellowifh ; the inner bafe of the four outfide feathers red; all the fhafts black; the two middle feathers Hohe longer than the others: legs hoary: claws blackith. This bird is found at Guiana, Amazons Country, and Brafil; alfo at Mexico, where the Spaniards call it Catharina. Brown tells us it is in Famaica; but Buffon thinks it may have been imported there, efpecially as it has been before hinted that Parrots de not take long flights, where the land is interrupted by water. a Le Perroquet a tefte blue du Brefil, Brif. ora. iv. p. 234. N° 2a. ~ L?Aourou-couraou, var. 3d, Buf. off. vi. p. 219. Ajuru-curuca, Raii Syn. | oe) be ax Will. orn. p. y15. fet. 9. Lev. Muf, IZE of the afh-coloured Parrot. Bill cinereous, tipped black : general colour of the plumage green: upper part of the head blue, mixed with black, in the middle of which is a yellow fpat : beneath each eye a fpot of the fame: throat blue: greater quills marked with red, yellow, and violet at the end: legs blue afh:. claws black. Inhabits Brafl. Le PARE o@ T 987 e Perroquet Amazone varié, Bri/: crasiv. -p. 281-'N° 37. 6.26, fie) gies: EAdyrou-cburzon, var. Ath, Buf. oi/. vi. P- 219. i Gnee Oran Pfitt. maj. feu mediz Magn. Marcg. 2 fpecies, Razz Sym. p. 33. N°2, GREEN. Second fpecies of Marcgrave, Will. orm. p.115. fect. g. PARROT. Great green Parrot fromthe Weft Indies, Eda. iv, t, 162.- ENGTH twelve inches and three quarters. Billand cere afh- Description colour: the naked fkin round the eyes flefh-colour: irides orange: forehead beryl blue: crown pale yellow mixed with a: little blue: cheeks and throat yellow: general colour of the plumage green: behind the neck a little mixture of yellow, here and there, to the back,. with a very little mixture of red likewife : fhoulders red, with a little mixture of yellow: the firft eight quills black, with the outer edge half green, half blue: the two middle tail feathers green, at the ends yellowifi; the next on each. fide the fame, but lefs of the green; the three next on each. fide red at the bafe within,.and edged with yellow, with a deep green fpot in each feather ;. the outer feather the fame, but has the exte- rior edge blue; the fhafts of all are black ; the two middle fea- thers are a little the longeft: legs grey : claws black. Inhabits the Amazons Country and Bra/fil. Pace, 91. Var.E. Le Perroquet Amazone a front jaune, Brif. orm. p. 261. N° 32% BRASILIAN ; ? The YELLOW- L’ Aourou-couraon, var. 5, Buf. if. yi. p. 221. FRONTED beige (it PARROT. ' ENGTH one foot. Bill yellowifh; tip cinereous: cere yel- Dscopiprion.. lowifh white = bare fkin round the eyes whitith: irides yel- low: general colour of the plumage green: the forehead pale yellow: {> [e's to's ) PLACE. 92. YELLOW- SHOULDERED PARROT. DESCRIPTION. Pace. PawA ga GR © (ok. yellow: crown and cheeks of a deep yellow: from the bafe of the bill, to above the eyes on each fide, is a ftripe of blue: on the throat the feathers are yellow, with pale blue tips: hind part of _ the head and neck green, edged with black, and a mixture of blue: ridge of the wing orange: quills not much unlike thofe of the laft but one, as is the tail; or at leaft, the difference not worth mentioning; the feathers have likewife black fhafts: under tail coverts yellowifh: legs hoary: claws black. Inhabit Amazons Country and Brafi. One at Sir A. Lever’s anfwers to this defcription: The two middle tail feathers are green, growing paler towards the ends, where they are almoft yellow: the others have the bafe red, then green, verging to yellow at the ends ; and all of thefe, except the outer ones, have a red fpot between the green and the yellow, about the middle of each feather: the outer feather has the outer edge orange the whole length. Eev. Maf. ENGTH eleven inches. Bill dufky, tip black: the crown of the head, taking in the eye on each fide, is of a light blue: from the bill to the eye, on each fide, and the chin, yellow: body in general, and wings, green: the feathers on the upper parts have brown edges : the fhoulders are tinged with yellow: on the greater coverts is a patch of orange: the greater quills are dufky: belly and vent of a very pale green: the tail green; but fome of the feathers are red within, at the bafe: legs dufky. Said to come from South America. BryeArR GR Oc: Le Perroquet Amazone a gorge jaune, Bri/. orn, iv. p. 287. N° 38. Le Crik a téte & a gorge jaune, Buf. cif. vi. p. 222. Yellow-headed Creature *, Bancr. Guian. p. 159. ]2NcCTH thirteen inches. Bill whitifh: cere hoary: orbits naked, whitifh: irides yellow: general colour green: the feathers on the hind part of the neck and the:back have black margins: the forehead whitifh afh: top of the head, cheeks, throat, and fore part of the neck, yellow: hind head yellow green: thighs and ridge of the wing yellow: leffer wing coverts next the body red, with yellow edges; thofe fartheft from the body quite yellow: reft of the coverts green: greater quills black, fome with blue and green edges; four of the middle ones red at the bafe within, for three-fourths of their Iength: the four middle tail: feathers green, near the end yellowifh ; the three next red half way from the bafe, the reft yellow green, with a deep green fpot between the two colours; all of them margined with yellow green outwardly; the two outfide ones the fame, but the outer edges blue: legs hoary: claws cinereous. Found with the laft; as alfo in Guiana, according to Bancroft. Buffon obferves much on the fenfibility of this fpecies; of which * Tt may be wondered why the name Creature fhould be applied to a Parrot ; but Mr. Bancroft thus explains it: Parrots, fays he, are diftinguifhed by two names, viz. Parrots properly fo called, and thofe termed Creatures: the firft are fuch as are docile; and will learn to talk ; the fecond refemble the former in every - particular, except that they haye lefs docility, and have-a habit of nodding when any attempt is made to handle them: a cuftom. of which they never can be di- vefted, though they are often taught to fpeak very diftinly. Pp he pe CR Ne 93% YELLOW- WINGED PARROT. DEscRIPTION: Puace: 290 PAN RERE Oh G: he gives a detail, from a friend who had one alive, and to whom it was exceedingly attached, but very capricious in its temper; for it expected a return for whatever civility it fhowed its mafter. Sometimes in its wantonnefs it would bite a little too hard, and when fo done laughed heartily, as if to applaud himfelf for the act; and if chaftifed for the offence, it rebelled the more, and never was to be reclaimed but from the gentleft ufage. It took sreat delight in tearing and pulling every thing to pieces; did not at all relifh confinement in its cage; for in this ftate it was filent and dull; but when at large, on its perch, it was for ever chat- tering, and had a great deal to fay, as it remembered every thing almoft that was faid toit. It was alfo, contrary to the nature of many Parrots, very fond of children. In the time of moulting it appeared dejected and uneafy, and this for near three months to- gether *.. It was fed for the moft part on hemp-feed, nuts, fruits of all kinds, and bread foaked in wine; but preferred meat if it could get it. It was obferved, that if fediwith this laft, tt became dull and heavy, and in alittle time the feathers fell off. It was alfo remarked, that it kept its foodin its pouch or cheeks for fome time, from whence it was. protruded by degrees, by a kind of rumination F. : In the mufeum at Leicefier-houfe is a bird, nihicl I fancy to be 4 young one, though of a large fize: it anfwers to the above de- * This circumftance I have remarked before. The birdsin hot climates do not moult all atonce, like thofe of the colder regions: the feathers fall off by de- grees-as the leaves of evergreen trees. + For the above remarks we are indebted to'R. P. Bougot, Gardien des Capu- eins of Seur, who made the education of Parrots for a long time his ftudy- Hift. des cif; vis Pp. 223.—Parrots faid to chew the cud. See Pitfeld’s Memairss. Be 201. fcription ;, ERT INE VR TRE ONO EG feription; but befides the yellow there mentioned, had a promil- cuous mixture of yellow feathers among the green on the wing coverts, breaft, and belly: it had no yellow on the ridge of the wing, nor were the leffer wing coverts next the body red. Le Meunier, ou le Crik poudré, Buf. o/. vi. p. 225. Meunier de Cayenne, PI. enl. 861. Pfitt. major albicans, capite luteo, Barrere Fr. equ. p. 144? Sar His is the biggett of all the Parrots of the new world, except the Maccaw tribe. The bill is of a whitifh horn-colour : the plumage green, but appears as if powdered all over with meal: on the head is a yellow fpot: the feathers of the face above the neck are flightly edged with brown: the under part of the body is paler than the upper, and without the powdered ap- pearance: the quills are outwardly black, except one part of them, which is blue: on the wings is a large red fpot: tail fea- thers the fame as the under part of the body for three parts of their length, the reft yellowifh green. This is from Cayenne, where it is much efteemed, as well for its fize and fingularity of colour, as from its talking well, and gen- tlenefs of difpofition. No one has defcribed this before de Buffon, except it fhould be Mr. Barrere’s Parrot above quoted. Le Perroquet Amazone a gorge bleue, Bri/- orn. iv. p. 266. N° 33. t. 25. f. 16 Le Crik a face bleue, Buf. off vi. p. 227. Perroquet de la Havane, PI. el. 360. HIS is a trifle lefs than the laft: in length twelve inches. The bill is whitifh, with a black tip: cere and orbits afh- Pp2 colour : 94. MEALLY GREEN PARROT, DESCRIPTION.» PLACE. 95° BLUE- FRONTED PARROT. DESCRIPTIONS 292 Prace, PyPAy Ae) PRO LOeeT, colour: general colour green ; the feathers tipped with black oa the upper parts, and with blueifh beneath: fore part of the head, the throat, and neck, cinereous blue, inclining to violet, and edged with fhining green: the reft of the head, hind part of the neck, back, and rump, green, the feathers tipped with black: on the breaft is a large red {pot : and the under tail coverts are yel- lowifh green: greater quills black, the outer edges of fome green, and others blue ;, and. fome of the middle quills are red on the inner margin next the bafe, forming a red {pot on the quills; the two middle feathers green, with yellow green ends; the two next on each fide the fame, but blackifh at the bafe on the infide ; the fowrth and fifth the fame, but red within at the bafe; and the two outmoft the fame, but with a mixture of blue: legs grey. - There is fome difference between this bird, and that figured in the Pi. enl.; for the laft has the whole breaft and belly of a: faint ned, or lilac, undulated with green; whereas that deferibed by M. Briffon has only a fpot of red on the breaft: however, there is little doubt of their being the fame fpecies, differing only fronr age or fex. This is a native of the Havanna, and’ moft likely common to Mexico \ikewife ; but Buffon fays it is not at Guiana. He adds likewife, that the red on the belly is light, and more the co- lour of lilac, waved. with green; and it likewife has a {pot of yel- low on the lower part of the belly. M. Briffon ays, that the fpecies he defcribes was as big as a: crow, and fifteen inches long, and inhabits Mexico and Brafi;: whereas Buffon’s bird meafured only twelve inches. Dy EAC TERY ROOT: Es 293 Le Crik 4 téte bleue, Buf. oz/- vi. p. 230. Blue-faced green Parrot, Edw. glean. t. 230. Blue-headed Creature, Bancroft Guiana, p.158? SLUESFACED PARROT. IZE of a fmall Hen or Pullet. Bill horn-colour, with an pescererron> ~ orange fpot on each fide of the upper mandible: irides orange : fore part-of the head, quite behind the eye, and the throat, blue: below the throat to the breaft red: the reft of the body is green, except the quills, which are blue, and fome of them red with blue tips: fecondaries green: tail feathers green half way; be- neath yellow green: fide feathers red on the outer webs: legs flefh-colour: claws black: Buffon fays it is found at Guiana, with the others. Puact. 96; Le Crik a téte bleue, Buf. oif. vi. p. 231. var. I- vas, A. ; u ED AND Cocho, Ferzand. Hif?. Nov. Hi/p. p. 38. WHITE-FACED: HIS bird varies from the laft merely in having the head va- PARROT. ried with red and whitith, inftead of red and blue; otherwife DESC®IPTION- is. abfolutely the fame, and of the fame fize. The Spaniards call it Catherina, which name they likewife give the fecond fpecies of Aourou-couracu, before-mentioned.. Plittacus autummnalis, Lim: Sy/?. i. p. 147. N° 37. 3G Le Perroquet d’Amerique, Bri/. orn. iv. p. 293. N° 40. Var. B Le Crik 4 téte bleue, Buf. oi/. vi. p. 232. var. 2. AUTUMNAL ene : 2 PARROT, efler green:Parrot, Edzv. iv. t.. 164. ——, , Bancroft Guiana, p- 160. IZE of a middling Pigeon. The bill is whitifh, with dufky p,.oxrapiow. " edges;, the bare part about the eyes. white: irides gold-co- Jour: ZIO4 PLaceE. 06. Var. C. BRASILIAN GREEN PARROT. DEscRIPTION. PVA RY ROT, lour: forehead fearlet: top of the head blue: on each cheek, un- der the eye, an orange fpot: the reft of the plumage green, paieft beneath: upper ridge of the wing yellow, but in other particulars like the laft but one. Baneroft tells us it.is in Guiana. Pfittacus Brafilienfis, Liz. Sy. i. p. 147. N° 36. Le Perroquet a front rouge du Brefil, Brif. orn, iv. p. 254. N° 30. Le Crik a téte bleue, Buf. oi/. vi. 232. var. 3. Brafilian green Parrot, Edw. iv. t. 161. —— ., Bancroft Guiana, p. 160. IZE of a common tame Pigeon. Bill flefh-colour: forehead and throat red: under and behind each eye blue: top of the head yellowifh green: moft of the body green: lower ridge of the wing red: part of the quill feathers blue: middle tail feathers green, outermoft but one red, the outer one blue; the whole tail tipped with fine yellow: legs brownifh afh. So far Edwards, who was informed that it came from Brafil; and, according to Mr. Bancroft, Guiana. Buffon fuppofes it a variety only of the others *. * M. Scopoli mentions a Parrot, which he thinks to be a variety, and defcribes it thus :~-Size of a Miffel-Thrufh: forehead and crown red: bill horn-colour, bafe of it brown: cheeks naked: general colour of the plumage green: quills and tail blue onthe outer edges: rump yellow green.—See Pfitt. pileatus, Scop» ann. i. p. 22. N° 32. - 9 Authors Bip Ay Ry Ry O)) £. Authors talk of a Parrot, variegated with feveral colours, made fo by art*. Mr. Pernetty fays, that fuch Parrots are frequently met with on the Ife of St. Catharine, and the Coa/ts of Brafil. The whole plumage, fays he, efpecially the head, neck, back, and belly, were thick fet with feathers, fome of the colour of jonquil, others citron, carmine, crimfon, and all intermixed with green, more or lefs deep, and a lively blue, efpecially about the ears. He was told that the natives plucked out the feathers while young, and putting in fomething of a poifonous nature in the ftead, caufed them to come of a different colour, and feldom by this means loft above five or fix in a hundred {. Le Perroquet 4 tefte rouge du Brefil, Bri/. orz. iv. p. 240. N° 24 Le Tarabé, ou Amazone a téte rouge, Buf. oi/. vi. p. 2116 Tarabe, Raié Syn. p. 33. N° 5.—Wil. oru. p. 114. N° 9. IGGER than the Ceram Lory. Bill cinereous : general colour green: head, throat, fore part of the neck, and breaft, red: leffer wing coverts the fame: legs cinereous: claws black. Inhabits Brafil: not at Guiana. *® See Frifch. pl. 49.—Pl. enl, 120.—Hift. des otf. vi. pl. 18. + Voy. aux Malouines, i. p. 177+ { Buffon fays, on the contrary, that it is a dangerows operation, that a great many die under it, and for this reafon they always {ell dear. He likewife adds, that the natives ufe the blood of a beautiful blue and gold frog on this occafion. Hift, ges oif. vi. p, 235. See alfo Will, orm, ps 10s. Pfttacus: 295 Counterfeit Parrotss. . 97° RED-HEADED AMAZONS PARROT. DEsSCRIPTIONe PLace, 296 98. MANILLA GREEN PARROT. DeEscripTioN. PLace. 99- NEW-GUINEA GREEN PARROT. DESCRIPTION. PLACE. 100. ROBUST PARROT. DescriPrion. IPP AS ART PRO AI Pfittacus Lucionenfis, Liz. Sy. i. p. 146. N° 31. Le Perroquet de L’Ifle de Lugon, Brif. orn. iv. p. 295. t. 22. f. 2. GIZE of a common Pigeon: length twelve inches and a half, The bill is fearlet, with a white tip: cere reddifh: general colour green, with a caft of yellow: hind head, lower part of the back, and rump, blue green: on the fcapulars is a little mix- ture of blue and rufous: greater quills brown on the inner, and yellow on the outer edge; the third and fourth quills the longeft : tail four inches and three quarters in length; above green, be- neath yellowifh; the two middle feathers exceed the others in length by one inch: legs cinereous: claws blackifh. Inhabits the Ifland of Luzonia. Grand Perroquet verd de la Nouvelle Guinée, Sox. Yay. p. 74. t. 108. IZE of the common Amazons Parrot. The upper mandible of the bill the colour of orpiment; the under black: irides fire-colour: plumage in general of a light grafs green: great quills indigo blue; the leffer beneath of.a carmine red. Inhabits New Guinea. HIS bird is of a ftout, robuft make, being as big as a middle-fized Pigeon. ‘The length is twelve inches. Bill large, ftout, and of a white colour; round the upper man- dible the feathers are blackifh: whole head greenifh grey; the crown has dufky ftreaks down the middle of each fea- , ther: x PRA GR RyOn Te ther: neck and body green, paleft on the under parts: the rump and upper tail coverts are alfo of a very pale green: wing coverts dufky black, each feather fringed with green on the- margin: the quills are brown: on the bend of the wing is a {pot of crimfon ; and on the outer edge, about the middle, it is crimfon alfo: the tail is even at the end, and, like the quills, brown: the legs dufky. In Sir Fofeph Banks's collection: from whence unknown. Pfittacus agilis, Liz. Sy/. i. p. 143. N° 20. : Le Perroquet de Cayenne, Bri/. orn, iv. p. 237. N° 23. Le Criq, Buf. oi/. vi. p. 228. t: Criq de Cayenne, P/. ex/. 839. Little green Parrot, Edw. iv. t. 168. IZE of a {mall Pigeon: length ten inches and ahalf. Bill afh- colour: irides dark hazel: round the eye bare, and afh-co- loured: the plumage in general of a dark green, lighteft beneath : quills blue, the inner webs and tips black: one of the feathers of the greater coverts is red, and falls over the quills: the two mid- die tail feathers are green; the three next on each fide are red three parts of the way on the inner web, the reft green; the two middle feathers a trifle longer than the others: legs afh- ~ colour. Inhabits Cayenne, and other parts of America, Q4q Pfittacus 297 IOlo AGILE PARROT. DESCRIPTION. Prace. 298 1026 FESTIVE PARROT. DescRIPTION; PLACE AND MANNERS, pPraACRIR’ OAT! Pfittacus feftivus, Zin. Sy#. i. p. 147. N° 356 Perroquet tahué de Cayenne, Pl. ez/. 840. Le Tavoua, Buf. oif. vie p. 2406 Lev. Muf. IZE of a Pigeon: length eleven inches: The bill is of a lead- colour, with the tip black: cere greyifh black, from which part to the eye it is bare, and of the fame colour: irides of a faffron-colour: from eye to eye, juft over the forehead, the fea- thers are of a purplifh cheftnut: from the bafe of the upper man- dible fprings a ftripe of pale blue, which paffes through the eye on each fide, to the hind head, but. vanifhes before it meets be- hind: the top of the head is green, with a very little mixture of blue: on the throat is a fpot of blue: the reft of the body is plain green, but lighteft beneath ; except from the middle of the back to the rump, which is of a very fine bright, though deep crimfon: tail coverts and tail green; the outer edge of the outer tail feathers blue: the baftard wing is deep blue: the greater quills almoft black, with the outer edges fringed with blue; the reft of the wing green: legs light afh-colour: claws black. The above is defcribed from the living bird, now in the pof- fefion of a friend of mine. In the quiefcent ftate, the crimfon on the back is not vifible. It is very tame, but talks very litele ; for, notwithftanding jt has been in England fome years, and ina large family, it articulates only a very few words. Buffon obferves that it inhabits Guiana, where it is rare; but fometimes comes near the inhabited parts. The natives there call'is Zavoua, and it is known by that name by the traders in LO birds, BTA RARE OR 14 birds. Itis in great efteem from its talking even better than either the Guinea or afh-coloured Parrot: and it is therefore fin- gular, fays Buffon, that it has been only known within this little while *.. This bird is particularly ungrateful and mifchievous ; for inftead of returning the notice any one takes of it, it bites, in earneft, every one the moment it is attempted to be ftroaked. Its looks are lively, but fly; and it is more agile and ‘playful than any other Parrot. The above feems different in manners from the one which I have defcribed ; but as Buffon fpeaks from the general manners of the whole fpecies, it is not to be contradicted by thofe of an individual. Lev. Muf. J ENGTH ten inches. Bill red; pale at the point: cere dufky : round the eye blackifh: head, neck, breaft, and un- der parts of the body, green: rump the fame, but paler: middle of the back, between the wings, black ; lower part of the back blue: all the wing coverts a full crimfon; baftard wing and fe- cond quills dark green, as is the edge of the wing the whole way round to the firft joint, where it inclines to black: tail rather long, the feathers even at the ends, and of a dark green: legs dufky. Native place unknown. © He furely has overlooked the fhort defcription which Lizneus has given of it ; it cannot be a different bird, Qq2 Le 299 103. CRIMSON- WINGED PARROT. DEsCRIPTIONo goo 104. 4+ RED- BANDED PARROT. DeEscriPTION. PLacE» 105. PARADISE PARROT. DESCRIPTION. PLACE. PAD ROR Ont. Le Papegai 4 bandeau rouge, Buf. oif. vi. p. 241. Perroquet de St. Domingue, Pi. exl. 792. Ge bird is nine inches and a half long. Bill pale flefh-co- lour: on the forehead, from one eye to the other, is a band of red: the plumage is in general green, pretty dark, marked as it were with feales of black on the neck and back: the ftomach is reddifh: quills blue: legs afh-colour. Inhabits St. Dominga. Pfittacus Paradifi, Liz. Syf.i. p. 147. N° 36. Le Perroquet jaune de Cuba, Bri/. ora. iv. p. 308. N° 48. Le Papegai de Paradis, Buf. aif: vi. p. 237. Perroquet de Cuba, PJ. exl. 336. Cuba Parrot, Browz’s Fam. p. 473. Parrot of Paradife of Cuba, Care/b. Carol. i. t. 10. ATHER lefs than the common grey Parrot: length about twelve inches and a half. Bill white: irides red: round the eyes bare and white: general colour yellow, with the margins of the feathers orange red: throat, fore part of the neck, and belly, bright red: greater quills white: two middle tail feathers yel- low ; the others are red for two-thirds of the length, and the other part yellow: legs white. Inhabits Cuba. P&ttacus PETA Re RYO} oT. Pfittacus aurora, Liz. Mantif/. 1771, p. 5240 Le Perroquet jaune, Bri/- iv. p. 306. N°47. Orn. de Salerne, p. 69. N° 9. t. 7. £. 20 L’Amazone jaune, Buf. oi/. vi. p. 214. te 100 Perroquet jaune, P/. ex/. 13. IZE of the Amazons Parrot: length twelve inches. Bill and cere white: eyelids and irides red: the whole plumage fine yellow, except the edge of the wing, which is of a fine red: be- neath the wings the yellow is very pale: all the prime quills, ex- cept two or three of the firft, are red on the outer edge, in the middle: tail rounded: the four outer feathers are red from the bafe to the middle, but only on the inner webs: legs and claws white. Inhabits Mexico or Brafil, but moft probably the laft, as AZ. : Salerne mentions the one which he faw as fpeaking the Portugue/e tongue very diftinctly, and was very tame. Pfittacus menftruus, Liu. Sy/.i. p. 148. N° 39.—Scop. Aun. i. p. 330 Le Perroquet 4 tefte bleue dela Guiane, Bri/. orm. iv. p. 247. N° 28. _Le Papegai a téte & gorge bleue, Buf. cif. vi. p. 243. Perroquet a téte bleue de Cayenne, Pi. en/. 384. Blue-headed Parrot, Edw. glean. pl. 314. 2 Lev. Muf. IZE of the afh-coloured Parrot. Bill dufky, with a red fpot on each fide of the upper mandible: eyes in a dark flefh-co- loured fkin: head, neck, and part of the breaft, ultramarine blue, _ mixed with a little purple on the breaft : on each fide of the head is 106. AURORA PARROT. DeESCRIPTIONe PLAcE, 107. BLUE-HEADED PARROT. DescrisTion, PLACE. 108. LITTLE DUSKY PARROT, DeEscripTion. Fe Ay Re Rw Oh Te is a black or dufky fpot: back, belly, thighs, and wings, fine green: wing coverts yellow green, inclining to gold-colour: inner coverts greenifh: under tail coverts fine fcarlet: the two middle tail feathers green; thofe on the fides are the fame, but gradually become more and more blue as they advance outwards : legs grey. ae This is found at Guiana, where it is not plenty, or elfe little fought after, as it will not learn to talk. M. Briffon confounds this with the blue-faced green Parrakeet in his fynonyms, though he defcribes this bird. Le Papegai violet, Buf. otf. vi. p. 244. Perroquet varié de Cayenne, P/. exl. 408. Perroquet violet, Barrer. Fr. equin. p. 144. Little dufky Parrot, Edav. glean. pl. 315- Lev. Mu/. jN fize it yields to the dove-houfe Pigeon. The bill is dufky, with an orange-coloured fpot on the fides: top and fides of the head below the eyes black, gloffed with blue on the crown: eyes dark, in a light blue fkin: below this, round the throat and hind part of the head, is a ring marked with dufky fpots on a fillemot ground: hind part of the neck, back, rump, and wing coverts, dark brown black: quills fine blue: tail dark blue above when clofed, but the innér webs of the fide feathers are reddifh, except the tips, which are blue: the breaft, belly, and thighs, appear purple: the legs are dufky. i In the mufeum at Leicefter-boufe is one of thefe birds, or at leaft a fmall variety. The colour of the plumage is an irregular mixture of black, blue, and brown: about the head the violet tinge ere in i OT: tinge predominates, and on the breaft and under parts the brown, or rather cheftnut. There is not the leaft trace of any ring of dufky and fillemot, as mentioned by Mr. Edwards * ; but in other particulars anfwers to this defcription. It is not unlikely but it may bea bird not yet come to its fullnefs of plumage, or, ftill more likely, a female. It inhabits Surinam, and is known in America, as well as France, by the name of Perroquet violet. It is common at Guiana, but meets the fate of the former, from not having the faculty of [peech. Pfittacus collarius, Liz. Sy?.i. p. 149. N° 42. Le Perroquet 4 gorge rouge dela Jamaique, Bri/. orn.iv. p.241- N° 25._ Le Saffebé, Buf. cif. vi. p. 245. Xaxabes, Owiedo, lib. iv. ch. 4. Pfittacus minor collo miniaceo, RaziSyz, p. 181. N° 8. Common Parrot of Jamaica, Sloax. Fam. p.297. N° 9» IZE of a Pigeon. The head, hind part of the neck, back, rump, fcapulars, upper and under wing coverts, breait, belly, fides, upper and under tail coverts, are green: throat and fore part of the neck fine red: quills black, with green edges: tail green. Inhabits Jamaica. * Nor any red on the forehead, as in the Bineres enluminées, and Buffon’s de- fcription of the bird, Phttacrs 393 Pracg. THROATED PARROT. DeEscriPTion. Place, i) 110. DUSKY PARROT. DESCRIPTION. PLACE. IIe ORANGE- HEADED PARROT. DESCRIPTION. PAR: RAO: 4. : Pfittacus fordidus, Liz. Syf.i. p. 148. N° 40. Le Perroquet de la Nouvelle Efpagne, Brif. orn. iv. p. 303. N° 45. Le Papegai brun, Buf. off. vi. p. 246. Dufky Parrot, Edw. iv. t. 167. IZE of the aft, Bill at the bafe yellow; black in the middle of the upper mandible, and the reft of it red: cere blackifh: orbits naked, pale cinereous: irides dark hazel: top of the head dufky ; fides and hind part greenifh: throat blue: back dufky : rump and tail above greenifh: the under tail coverts fine red: from the throat to the vent cinereous brown: wing coverts green, as are the leffer quills, but fome of thefe are bordered with yel- lowifh ; greater quills green: tail a little rounded; the outer edge blue: legs lead-colour: claws black. Brought from New Spain. This bird is not common. Le Papegai a téte aurore, Buf. oi/. vi. p. 247. Voy. ala Louif. du Pratz. ii. 128. R. Page du Pratz is the only one who has defcribed this bird ; and fays it is about the fize of Parrots ufually brought into France. The plumage in general is a fine fea-green, but the head is covered with yellow, which grows red towards the bill, and mixed by degrees with the green on the fides of the body. This is all the defcription. He adds, that it does not fpeak well, and is feldom kept, for that reafon. It is not very noify when tamed; but in its wild ftate pierces the air with its cry, which is fhrill; and great numbers herd together. It lives on pacanes, pine- apple PAR BO T, apple kernels, feeds of the faurier iulipier, and other {mall fruits. Pfittacus melanogephalus, Liz. Syf, i. p. 149. N° 41. Le Perroquet a poitrine blanche du Mexique, Brif. orz, iv. p, 297. N° 42. Le Maipouri, Buf. oif. vi. p. 250. Petite Perruche Maipouri de Cayenne, P/. enl. 527. Pfittacus atricapillus, 7 Fr. Miller, pl. 4. A. White-breafted Parrot, Edw. iv. p, 169. Br. Muf. Lev, Muf. ‘IZE of a Turtle: length nine inches and a half. Bill, cere, and orbits, dufky flefx-colour; irides deep hazel: upper part of the head black; from the corners of the mouth on each fide, pafling under the eye, is a green mark: cheeks, throat, and fore part of the neck, yellow; hind part of the neck orange: back, rump, fcapulars, and upper tail coverts, green: breaft™ and upper part of the belly white; lower part of the belly, fides, thighs, and under tail coverts, orange: greater quills blue on the outer edge; within and beneath black; the firft of the leffer quills green, edged with yellow; the others green: tail rounded, green: legs cinereous brown: claws blackith. | In the Levertan Mufeum there is one which differs a little from the above account. The bill js blackifh;: it has the crown black, and a green mark between the bill and eye: the fides of the head and the throat are olive yellow: about the ears dufky: back part of the neck rofe-colour, inclining to brown: breaft and belly not white, but of a pale afh-colour: fides of the body, * 'T'kis part is yellowith in old birds. Rr thighs, 35 Tige WHITE.- BREASTED PARROT. Descrisriane PLACE AND Manners. Mie HOODED PARROT. DEscRIPTION. Pe AAR aR Oh hs thighs, and vent, yellowith orange brown: quills blue; the very edges green. i Inhabits Mexico, Guiana, and the Carraccas, in South America: It is commonly found in woods, and does not frequently ap- proach the inhabited parts: it makes no other noife than a fhnill whiftle, which it often repeats in its flight, and does not learn to talk. Thefe birds fly in fmall numbers together, but are perpetually — quarrelling with one another : and if any one is taken, it refufes all food, till at laft it is ftarved to death. Parrots of the moft ftubborn nature are often fubdued by means of the fmoke of to- bacco; but this bird is only put into bad humour by the attempt. Whoever, therefore, would have thefe Parrots, muft train them up young; and this would fcarce be worth while, were it not for the fake of variety. Buffon obferves, that this bird and the following differ much from other Parrots, being of a heavy, dull nature; are thick, fhort-necked, and the body more thick and fhorter than in other Parrots: and the feathers are alfo clofer fet on the body, and ap- pear, in fhort, as if artificially faftened, efpecially on the breaft and under parts. Le Caica, Buf. cif. vi. p. 253. Perruche a téie noire de Cayenne, PJ. ex/. 744. rT HE bill is red: length of the bird eight inches and a half. The head is covered with a hood:of black, out of which the eye appears, which is furrounded by a white fkin angulated be- fore and behind: the black part proceeds on each fide to the under ay Re oR Or Te under mandible, but does not reach the chin: round the back of the neck it is fulvous; and the chin and fore part yellowifh: the reft of the body for the moft part green; but feems to be divided longitudinally, when the wing is clofed, by a fky-blue mark, which is the edge of the wing near the fhoulder, continuing along the edges of the greater quills, which are of a deeper colour within: the two middle tail feathers are a little fhorter than the others; all of them are green, with blue tips, except the two middle ones, which are of one plain colour: the legs are red. This was fent from Cayenne, where it was not obferved till the year 1773; but fince that time has every year come in fmall flocks in September and Oéfober, where it makes but a fhort ftay, and therefore has the appearance of a bird of paflage. This is, in make and fhape, like the laft; It is*called in the country language by the name of Caica. Pfittacus Senegalus, Liz. Sy/?.i. p, 149. N° 43. La petite Perruche de Senegal, Bri/. orn. iv, p. 400. N° gz. t. 24. f. 2. Le Perroqueta téte grife, Buf. oi/. vi. p. 123.—Pl. exlum. 288. Lev. Mu. IZE of a Blackbird: length eight inches and a quarter. Bill afh-coloured : cere blackifh: orbits the fame: irides fine yel- low: general colour on the upper parts green, which paffes for- ward on each fide to the breaft: the head is of an elegant afh- colour: the quills and baftard wings the fame, edged outwardly with green: the under parts of the body are orange, deepeft on the fides: tail deep afh; margins greenifh: legs of a reddifh afh- colour, Rr2 Inhabits © PLaces IA. + SENEGAL PARROT. DeEscRIPTION. 308 PAR RO 7, PLACH. Inhabits Sewegal. In the Leverian Mufeum is one of thefe, which differs in having a yellow feather here and there on the back: and the head of a cinereous brown, Thefe are plenty in Senegal; fly in companies of five or fix to- wether; perch on the tops of the trees, which are here and there f{cattered inthe burning fandy plains: their cry is fharp and difa- greeable: they keep two and two clofe together, fo that two are often fhot at once, and fometimes even the whole number of them. Le Maire*fays, that there is a larger fort with yellow on the back, which does not talk; but the leffer ones talk very, well. aS La petite Perruche 4 téte rouge du Brefil, Bri/. orn. iv. p. 383. N° 82. RED-FRO : ry : . 38 ° PARROT. Tuipara Tupinambis, Raii Syxz. p. 35. N° 7. Tuipara, /o called by the Tupinambi, Will. orn. ps. 117+ DrcCae none CIZE ofa Lark. Bill fefh-colour: colour of the plumage pale green: on the forehead is a red {pot in fhape of a crefcent :: and on the middle of each wing a fpot of yellow: tail very fhort: legs and claws grey. Pracz, Inhabits Brafil. Thefe birds are faid to “ build in the nefts. left by the ants, which are found in trees }.” ® Voy. de Le Maire, 1695, p- 107 + Will. orn, p. 117. Pattacus BPA RRO. Te. Pfittacus chryfopterus, Liz, Sy?.i. p. 149. N° 44. a petite Perruche aux ailes d’or, Brif. orn. App. 130. N° o7 Ea Perruche aux ailes d’or, Buf, o//. vi. p. 170. Golden-winged Parrakeet, Edw. glean, t. 293. f. 2 Lev. Muf- INCT much bigger than a Lark. Bill*, and fkin round the eye, whitifh: the plumage in general green, lighteft be- neath: the four firft quills are blue on the outer, and brown on the inner edge ; the four next are orange above, and luteous be- neath; as are fome of the greater coverts juft above them, mak- ing all together a large orange fpot: legs pale flefh-colour. Inhabits the Ee? Indies, according to Mr. Edwards. Pfittacus pullarius, Ziz. Spf.i. p. 149. N° 4c. —- Scop. Anu. i. p. 33. N° 34. La petite Perruche de Guinée, Bri/, orm. iv. p 387. N° 8s. La Perruche a téte rouge, ou le Moineau de Guinée, Buf. oif. vi. p. 165- t. 7 Petite Perruche male de Guinée, P/, exl. 60. Pfittacus pufillus viridis Athiopicus Clufii, Raii Syx. p. 31- N° 10. Kleinfter grune Papegeij mit rother flim und Kehle, Fri/ch. t. 54. Little red-headed Parrakeet, or Guinea Sparrow, Haq. glean, t. 237.— Albin, iil. ts 15+ Br. Muf. Lev. Muf. GIZE of a Lark: length five inches and a half. ‘The bill is red, with a pale tip: cere afh-colour: orbits bare, and the fame ® In the Leverian Mufium there is one of thefe, whofe bill is remarkably long and hooked. As I have not feen another {pecimen, I cannot tell whether it is peculiar or not. 6 colour: 309 316. GOLDEN- WINGED PARRAKEET. DeEscRIPTION. PLacke Ib7. + RED- HEADED GUINEA PARRAKEET. DescriPrion. 310 FEMALE. PLiacE AND Manners. PAGAL OR Re YO 14 colour: irides blueifh: general colour green, paleft beneath: fore part of the head and throat red: ridge of the wing and the rump blue, but the upper tail coverts are green: upper part of the tail feathers red ; beneath this is a narrow bar of black, and the tips are green; the two middle feathers wholly green: legs and claws erey. ; The female is marked much the fame, but the colours not fo ftrong : the red on the face much paler: and the ridge of the wing yellow. Thefe birds inhabit Guinea, where they are very common. They are alfo found in Ethiopia, the Eaft Indies, and the ifland of Fava*. They are remarkable for their affection to each other; and on the knowledge of this, they are kept by pairs in one cage. The male is ever obliging and affectionate to his confort; will hull the feeds for her with his bill, and prefent them to her in this ftate; and feems unhappy at a minute’s fepa- ration, which is as reciprocal on her fide: a ftate which will make even captivity tolerable. If one is fick, the other is me- lancholy ; and if death fhould follow, it is not often that the for- rowful relict furvives long after. They are exported from Africa in great numbers, but not above one in ten furvive the paflage to Europe, though they often live many years after their arrival. They are kept chiefly for their external beauty and docility of manners, rather than any thing elfe; for they do not talk, and the noife they make is far from agreeable. * We hear of them likewife at Surinam, of which place they are not natives ; for M. Fermin {peaks of them by the name of Perruche de Guinée. Defer. de Surinams U. p. 178, Or La PAR RO TF oo Wore La petite Perruche des Indes, Bri. orn. iv. p. 390. N° 86. RED AND Smalleft red and sreen Indian Parrot, Edw. i. t. 6 GREENINDIAN g Deter We ne PARROT. IZE of the laft. Bill bright orange: fkin round the eyes of 2 Description pale flefh-colour: top of the head red, or deep orange: reft of the body green, paleft beneath: the lower half of the rump and upper tail coverts red, like that of the head: infide of the quills and under the tail blueifh green: legs and claws flefh- colour. This came from the Ea/t-Indies. Buffon feems to think it a PLACE, variety of the laft; but the red on the head is not fituated the fame, and the great difference in the colour of the rump incline me to think otherwife; at leaft, I have ventured here to ) plage it as a diftinct fpecies, till further obfervation. La petite Perruche des Philippines, Bri/. orn. iv. p. 392. Ne 87. t. 30. f. Fe 11g. Le Coulacifli, Buf. cif. vi. p. 169. im Daa Perruches des Philippines, P/. ex/. 520. f. 1. 2. male © femelle. SIZE of a Houfe Sparrow: length five inches. Bill red: ge- neral colour of the plumage green, brighteft beneath: fore- head, throat, and fore part of the neck, red: the head yellow green: beneath the hind head is a tranfverfe orange band: rump and tail coverts red: greater quills blackifh, with deep green edges: tail rounded, and almoft covered by the red upper tail co- verts: legs and claws red. DeEscrRIPTION, The ee FEMALE, PLace. 11Q- Var. A. SAPPHIRE- CROWNED PARRAKEET, Descrrerion. Place. PA R R OO: T, ‘The female differs, in having no red on the throat and fore part of the neck, nor the orange mark beneath the hind head; but, inftead of thefe, has a blue green {pot on each fide, between the eye and bill. Inhabits the Philippine Iflands, particularly in Lucania, in the neighbourhood of Menilia, where it is called Coulaciffi. f Pfittacus galgulus, Lin. Syf. i. p. 150. N° 46. La petite Perruche de Malacca, Bri/. orn. iv. p. 386. N° 84? Petite Perruche de L’Ifle de Lugon, Sox. Voy. p. 76. t. 33. lowe? figure. La Perruche a téte bleue, Buf. otf, vi. p. oe Petite Perruche de Perou, P/. ex!. 190. £. 2 Sapphire-crowned Parrakeet, Edw. glean. t. 293. f. 20 Br. Muf. Lev. Muf, HIS is one third lefs than the Guinea Sparrow. Bill grey: general colour of the plumage green; beneath paler ; back, wings, and tail, deepeft: top of the head blue: on the lower part of the neck, or rather on the breaft, is a red oval {pot: on the hind part of the neck, near the back, is a tran{verle yellow ftripe: upper tail coverts red: legs grey. Edwards ™* fays, this bird came from Sumatra; and, according to Sonnerat, it is likewife in Lugonia. As to its being a native of Peru, as mentioned in the Pl. enl. Bujfon gives no credit, as he does not believe it to be in America. Briffon's bird is whelly green, except the top of the head, which is blue, and the tail co- verts red: bill and legs whitifh. © In Edwards's defcription, there is mentioned a yellow fpot in the middle of the back, under the green; which I do not find mentioned in any of the ethers. This PARROT. ‘This bird fleeps fufpended by one foot, like the lait {pecies ; and, like that, is very fond of the frefh juice of the cocoa-tree, called Callou*. In Ser A. Lever's collection there are two birds, which I take to be male and female of this fpecies: the one anfwers to the de- fcription above, but the yellow on the back part of the neck is fcarce vifible: the tail itfelf is green, but the upper tail coverts are crimfon, and as long as the tail itfelf, or very nearly ; fo as, at a diftance, the whole tail appears of this colour: the colour be- tween the legs to the vent is of a very light green: quills dufky, the outer edge green. The other bird is moftly green: on the threat is a yellow fpot: the tail and its coverts exactly the fame as in the laft: bill and legs pale. Ofbeck + met with this bird at Fava, where the natives call it Parkicki. ‘ If this is put in a cage, it-whiftles very fel- dom, and commonly grows quite fullen: it hangs itfelf with its feet- fo, that the back is turned towards the earth, and feldom changes this fituation: it is fed with boiled rice; in which man- ner, in the year 1752, one was brought.to Gottenburgh.” Toreen obferves, that fome of them} have a blue fpot on the head ; but the general colour dark green on the back, and light ereen under the belly: the upper fide of the tail and the throat red: the bill black. “ We obferved that their nefts were re- ® This is a whitith liquor that flows from the ends of the branches, when the fruit is frefh cut off. ‘The Indians faften a hollow cane to that part of the branch, that they may collec this liquof, which is very agreeable before it runs into fermentation, tafting not unlike new tyder. Hi. des-oif. p. 164. + Voy. vol. i. pe 1556 t At Queda, in the Straits of Malacca. See Ofeeck’s Voy. vol, il. p. 219. Sf : markable RS MannERse 120. CHESTNUT- CROWNED PARRAKEET. DESCRIPTION. PLACE. Pi LAOGORARUORT: markable for their exceeding fine texture ; but we did not fee the birds. If they had a different conftruction, the monkies would be very mifchievous to them; but now, before they can get to the opening, the loweft part, as the weakeft, breaks in pieces, and the vifitor falls to the ground without any danger to the young birds.” Without the leaft hefitation, I place the two laft as varieties, as they manifeftly run into one another, owing to age, fex, or other reafons. ‘Fo be convinced of this, let the Planches enlu- minées, 190. f. 2. and 520. f. 1, 2. be confulted; alfo Edw, pl. 293. f. 1. La petite Perruche brune du Brefil, Brif. ora. iv. p. 403. L’Anaca, Buf. cif. vi. p. 260. Anaca Brafilienfibus, Raii Syz. p. 35. N° 8. Will. orn. p. 117. ch. 4. N° 8. Br. Muf. IZE of a Lark. Bill and orbits brown: crown of the head cheftnut: throat cinereous: hind part of the neck, back, rump, fides, thighs, fcapulars, upper wing and tail coverts, green: on the back is a pale brown fpot: fore part of the neck, breaft, belly, and under tail coverts, rufous brown: edge of the wing red: greater quills green, with fea-green ends: fecondaries green: tail light brown: legs and claws blackifh. Inhabits Brafil and Guiana, at which laft place it is called the common Parrot: In the Britio Mufeum there is a fpecimen which varies in having the fpot on the back of a deep cheftnut « no red on the edge of the wine: tail itfelf green; being only the upper tail coverts which are brown, and the under tail coverts of a pale brown. Br. BD! ACER Oe 4 Br. Muf. Lev. Muf ‘IZE of the Guinea Parrakeet, or a trifle bigger: length eight inches. Bill pale yellow: crown afh-colour: hind part of the neck the fame, but very pale: middle of the back and wings green: under parts of the body the fame, but paler: the lower part of the back and rump deep blue: edge of the wing, and tip of the baftard wing, blue: fcapulars brown: fides over the thighs yellowifh : tail fcarcely rounded; the two middle feathers green tipped with black; all the others of a deep purplifh crimfon fringed with black ; the ends of all the tail feathers nearly fquare : the tail coverts are very long, fo as to hide the purple outer fea- thers when much clofed: legs afh-colour: claws yellowith. A moft perfec fpecimen is in the Leverian Mufeum, which came from Cayenne; and a fecond in the Britifh Mufeum. I am alfo in poffeffion of a third, though not quite perfect in the tail. I have never feen any others, and believe they are not commenly known. La petite Perrughe de Madagafcar, Bri/- orn. iv. p. 394. N° 88. t. 30. f. 2. La Perruche a téte grife, Buf. oif. vi. p. 171. Petite Perruche de Madagafcar, PJ. ex/. 791. f. 2. Br. Muf. Lev. Muf. IZE of a Houfe Sparrow: length five inches and three quarters. Billgrey.: general colour above green ; beneath yellow green : head, throat, and fore part of the neck, grey, inclining to green : Sf2 tail MeAliod 7 + PURPLE- TAILED PARRAKEET. Description. Prace. 122, | GREY-HEADED PARRAKEET. DEscRIPTION. 316 Pemaze, PLACE, 123. BLACK- WINGED PARRAKEET, Bes¢riyTroe we PLacE. Po RR ok. tail rounded ; near the end a broad bar of black: legs and claws hoary. The female has a plain green head, otherwife like the male. Inhabits Madagafcar, and perhaps the ifle of Mauritius, if 1 am right in the bird mentioned by MZ. St. Pierre *. La petite Perruche de l’ifle de Lugon, Sox. Voy. p. 78. t. 41. La Perruche aux ailes variées, Buf. oi/. vi. p. 172. Petite Perruche de Batavia, P/. exh 791. f. 14 Black-winged Parroquet, Browz’s Iiluj?. t.8. Br. Muf. Lev. Me/. ENGTH fix inches. Bill dufky brown: front, and hind part of the head, yellowifh green: crown and cheeks pale blueifh green; as are the breaft, belly, and thighs: the back, wing coverts, and prime quills, black: fecondaries pale yellow, tipped: with a beautiful blue: coverts of the tail dark green ; upper part of the tail fine lilac; the two middle feathers plain, all the reft marked with a black bar near the end ; the ends of all the feathers’ are like wedges, or lozenge-fhaped: under tail coverts as long as the tail: legs dufky. ‘This defcribed from the fpecimen in the Britifob Mufeum. M. Sonnerat fays, that the irides are reddifh yellow, as well as the bill; but in the plate he makes af the tail feathers barred with black, which is not the cafe, either in the fpecimen at the Britifo Mufeum or that at Leice/ter-houfe. : Inhabits Batavia and Luzania. » A green Parrakeet, ‘‘ with a grey head, as large as a Sparrow, and not to’ be tamed.” Woyage to Mauritius, tranflated by 7. Pari/o, 1775. La PARR O T. _ La Perruche aux ailes bleues, Buf. o:/. vi. p. 173- Petite Perruche du Cap de Bonne Efperance, PU. enl. 455. f. t- ENGTH four inches and a half. The bill is reddifh: the plumage wholly green, except fome of the wing feathers,, which are blue: legs reddith. This was fent to Buffon from. the Cape of Good Hope, but with- @ut any account of its natural climate or manners ;, but he is clear in its being a diftiné {pecies. I obferve a bird in the colleGtion of AZi/s Blomefield, which I fancy to be the fame,.or very little different. It anfwers in fize, and came alfo from the Cape of Good Hope; but in her fpe- cimen the whole of the under wing coverts are of a fine deep blue. Whether this circumftance was in Buffox's bird is not mentioned, Fetite'Perruche a Cellier del’ifle de Lugan, Son. Voy. p.77. t. 39> Ea Perruche a Collier, Buf. o/. vie p. 173. IZE of the Guinea Parrakeet. Bill and irides blackifh grey: general colour of the plumage green, paleft on the under parts, with a tinge of yellow: at the back part of the head is a broad band of light yellow, tranfverfely firiped with black : rail fhort, terminating in a point: that and the wings of equal length : legs dark grey. iy The female differs merely in having the hind head fky-blue in- ftead of yellow, but tranfverfely marked with black, as in the other fex. Unhabits 124. BLUE-WINGED PARRAKEET. DeEscriprTion. Piace, 125. COLLARED PARRAKEET. DescriPTion, RPemanz.. 126. LUZONIAN PARRAKEET. DuscriPrion. FEMALE. PLACE. PL PACGR RO eT. Inhabits the Philippine Ifles, particularly Lugonia. M. Sone nerat™ obferves, that it is only kept for its plumage, as it never learns to talk. Petites Perruches de V’ifle de Lugon, Sox. Voy. p. 77. t. 4. La Perruche a ailes noires, Buf. of. vi. p. 174. HIS fpecies is lefs than the laft. Bill and irides yellow: hind part of the neck, back, wing coverts, and tail, deep green: belly light green and yellowifh: the top of the head is of a bright red: the breaft blue: greater quills black: upper tail co- verts red: legs yellow. The female differs in having only the feathers which furround the upper part of the bill red; and a fpot of yellow on the upper part of the neck: the breaft is red: otherwife like the mae. Inhabits the z/le of Luzonia: and M. Sonnerat fays he has every reafon to fuppofe them male and female, as their manners agree, and they frequent the fame places. They are particularly fond of the juice which oozes from the branches of the cocoa-trees, when frefh cut: and both of them likewife fleep on the perch, fufpended by one foot, with the head downwards. * Voy. ala N. Guinée, p. 77. Pfittacus PeArRER) OT. Pfittacus pafferinus, Lin. Sy. i. p.150. N° 47. La petite Perruche a cul bleu du Brefil, Bri/. orn. iv. p. 384. N° 83. L’Eté, ou Toui-été, Buf. of. vi. p. 283. Tuiete, Raii Syn. p. 34. N° 6.—Will. orn. p. 116. ch. 14. N°6 Leaft green and blue Parrakeet, Edw. glean. t. 235. Short-tailed yellowith green Parroquet, Bancr. Guian. p. 162. GIZE of a Houfe Sparrow: length four inches. The bill is orange, as are the cere and orbits: general colour green: rump and upper tail coverts blue: leffer wing coverts green, like the reft of the body ; the greater ones blue: greater quills green: beneath the wing the colour is chiefly greenifh afh-colour: legs and claws orange. Inhabits Brafil and Guiana. Buffon’s bird had the quills edged with blue inftead of green, the bill flef-colour, and the legs cinereous, but moft oe is the fame bird, perhaps the other fex. Linnaus fays the quills are blue beneath. La petite Perruche a gorge jaune, Bri/. orz.iv. p. 396. N° Sg. t. 30. f. 3. Le Toui a gorge jaune, Buf. of. vi. p. 280. Petite Perruche a gorge jaune d’Amerique, P/. el. 190. f. 1. IZE of the crefted Lark : length fix inches and three quarters. Bill light grey: general colour of the plumage green, lichteft beneath: hind part of the neck inclining to yellow, as well as tlie under parts of the body: under the throat is a fmall, round, pale orange fpot: on the middle of the wing coverts is a cheftnut {pot, gloffed withgold and green, making a broad band on the wing : greater 3*9 R27 ss oe LITTLE BLUE AND GREEN PARRAKEET. DescrIprion> Phace. 128, YELLOW-- THROATED PARRAKEET. Descriptions 12Q. GREEN PARRAKERT. DescriPrion. PLacez. 130. CAYENNE PARRAKEET. DESCRIPTION. POA‘ ROR O--T, greater coverts and quills grafs green: leffer coverts and fecons” daries yellow green: all the quills have their fhafts black: inner edges of the tail feathers yellow green: legs grey. Place unknown. La petite Perruche du Brefil, Brif orm. iv. p.3$2. N° 81. Le Tirica, Buf. off. viv p. 281. Petite Jafeufe, Pl. exl. 8375 Tui-tirica, Rati Syn. p. 34. N° 3. : ~ Will. orn. p. 116. ch. 4. fe&. 4. N° 3. Green Parrakeet, Brown Fam. p. 473 HIS is bigger than the Guinea Sparrow. Bill fleth-colour : eyes black: colour green, paleft beneath: legs and claws blueifh *. M. Sonnerat mentions a bird found at the Phikppines, which he compares to the Tui-tirica of Maregrave. The bill and legs grey, with a yellow iris; perhaps a tranfported. bird from America. Le Sofové, Buf. cif. vi. p. 280. Petite Perruche de Cayenne, PJ. enl, 456. 2. HE bill of this bird is grey: the plumage wholly green, ex- cept a light yellow fpot on the wings, and another on the tail coverts: legs grey. * Thefe two laft do not feem to differ fo much in the PJ. ent. asin Buffon’s defcription : both have a pale red bill; both a red fpot on the chin, though paleft in 837. In this laft too there is an afh-coloured {pot on the upper edge of the wing ; but in neither is there a broad cheftnut band on the wing, as men- tioned inthe firft. Mem. The figure in 190 has the tail feathers even, and that in 837 feem pointed at the ends. : 9 j This PeAOReR YO. T: gan This is common at Guiana, efpecially towards Oyapoe and the Pact, Amazons river, It is eafily kept tame, and fpeaks pretty well. Its natural voice is like the {queaking of Punch ina puppet-fhew; but when taught to articulate, is always chattering, The vernacular name is So/ové. La petite Perruche a tefte jaune du Brefil, Brif ornz.iv. p. 398. N° 90. 1gl- Le Touia téte d’or, Buf. vif. vi. p. 284. GOLD. Petite Perruche de l’ifle de St, Thomas, PJ, ex/. 456. 1. ; PA Tui, fpec. 4. Rai Syn. p. 34. Tui of the Brafilians, 4th fpecies, Will. orn. p. 116. fect. 4. IZE of a Starling. Bill black: eyes large and blackifh: or- Descrretion. bits yellow: forehead orange: the reft of the bird green; paleft beneath. Inhabits Brafi. The bird figured in P/. enj. above quoted, PLace. came from the De of St. Thomas; but Buffon remarks, that the yellow on the head was paler, otherwife quite the fame. La petite Perruche hupée, Bri/. orn. iv. p» 404. N° 94. 132. Pfittacus erythrochloros criftatus Aldrov. Raii Syn. ps 34» 4. ER eRe Crefted red and green Parrot of Aldrovandus, Will. orn. p. 116. 3. PARRAKEET. IZE of a Blackbird. Irides red: on the top of the head is a Description. creft compofed of fix feathers; three-great and three fmaller ones: the body is green: the wings and tail red; the laft rather fhort. This has the faculty of raifing or depreffing the creft at will. Country uncertain, 372 PeAOR GR UOMT. 133. La petite Perruche huppée du Mexique, Brif. iv. p. 405. N° gs, carer ee Avis de cocho, Pfittaci fpecies, Mexicana vario colore, Seba, 1. p. 94. PARRAKELT, 59% f. 2. a bad figure. DESCRIPTION. IZE of the laft: length feven inches. Bill yellow: forehead purple and crefted: orbits blue; throat yellow: neck red : hind part of the head, back, rump, fcapulars, breaft, belly, fides, and upper and under tail coverts, deep green: thighs light blue: wing coverts of an elegant light purple: quills green with white edges : tail of a fine deep red: legs and claws grey ah.. EUAcE. Inhabits Mexico. ‘ GENU§ [32374 Genus VI, TOUCAN. We i. The Toco. N° 8. Pavonine T. 2. Yellow-throated Tou- g. Green T. can. 10. Aracari T. 3. ———~ breafted T. 11. Piperine T. 4. Brafilian T. - 42. Black-billed T. 5. Red-beaked T. 13. Blue T. 6. Preacher T. 14. Blue-throated T. 7. Collared T. 15. White T. HE bill in this genus is difproportionably large, convex, carinated on the top, and bending at the end; hollow, very light, and ferrated * at the edges: noftrils {mall and round, placed clofe tothe head, and in many fpecies quite hid in the feathers. Tongue long and narrow, feathered on the edges, Toes placed two forwards, two backwards. None of this genus have been found, except in South America, and within the tropics only, being very impatient of cold. Their food, in their natural ftate, confifts of: fruits only, and efpecially * Thefe ferratures do not correfpond in the two mandibles, nor are they fim1- lar on the oppofite fides of the fame mandible ; the whole is unequal and irregu- lar, contrary to the reft of the productions of nature in general ; nor is the ufe of thefe ferrated edges manifeft, being placed direétly oppofite to the intention of re- taining whatever is meant to be held in the bill. AD te fond 324 DOr we VAN, fond of thofe of the palm-kind. They are generally met with in fmall flocks of eight or ten in number, and keep moving from place to place in queft of food, going northward or fouthward as the fruits ripen, but are not ftri€tly migratory. They make their nefts in the hollows of trees, abandoned by. the Woodpeckers, and not formed by themfelves, as fome think; the ftructure of the bill not allowing of the efforts neceflary to make, or even en- large, a hole in the tendereft wood, as it yields to the leaft preffure of the finger *. . They lay two eges; but whether they hatch oftener than once in a year not certain, though it is moft likely they do, as they are pretty numerous. They are eafily tamed if brought up young, and are in this {tate very familiar. The third, fourth, and fixth fpecies, below mentioned, have been brought to Exgland, and feemed to fuffer merely from the change from an hot to a cold climate, for nothing came amifs to them as food; fruits of all kinds, and bread, and even flefh and fifh, with- out diftinction; but it was obferved that whatever they took was fwallowed whole +, firft taking it in the bill, then giving it a tofs upward, and immediately catching it again, gulped it down, without even the flighteft compreffion. I do not hear of any of the fpecies being ufed for food, as their flefh is faid to be ill-fla- voured. The word Toucan, fome think, takes its rife from the cir- cumftance of the tongue being feathered, Toucan, in the Brafilian language, fignifying a feather t ; others, from the cry of this bird, which has been thought like the word Youcaraca |. - * T much doubt ae ability of defending themfelves from the attacks of Mon- Kies, mentioned by 4/éiz, viz. that they ‘¢ fo fettle in the neft as to put the bill out at the hole, and give the Monkies fuch an unwelcome reception, that they prefently withdraw, and glad they efcape fo.”? A/din, vol. ii. p. 24. + Hi. des oife Po Vile f Ld. pe to || Pernetty Voy. p. 180. Le PLD. be OQ) ECs Ae ON: Le Toco, Buf. oi/. vii, p 117- Toucan de Cayenne, apellé Toco, P/. ex/. 82, HE length of this bird is nine or ten inches from the head to the end of the tail. The bill is feven inches and a half long: the bafe of both mandibles black: the reft of the lower man- dible reddifh yellow quite: to the end: the upper mandible is reddifh yellow for two-thirds of its length, and from this to the end black : the head, upper part of the neck, back, rump, wings, the whole of the tail, the breaft, and belly, are deep black: the upper tail coverts are white, the under of a fine red: the throat and fore part of the neck. are white, with a little mixture of yel- low : between this and the black on the breaft is a fmall circle of red: the wings are fhort, not. reaching to one-third of the tail : the legs and claws are black... Inhabits Cayenne. Ramphatftos dicolorus, Lzz. Sy/P.is. ps 152. p.7- Le Toucan 4 gorge jaune de Cayenne, Brif. orn. iv. p. 411. N° 2. pl. 31. fi-1o- oe PI. enl. 269. .- Le Toucan a gorge jaune, Buf, oi/. vii. p. 118. BN Lev. Mu/f. . PT HE length from the tip of the bill-to the end of the tail is fe- venteen inches. ‘The bill is near thtee inches and a quarter long, and an inch and a half thick at the bafe: both mandibles bend downwards, and are black at the bafe, but broadeft at the lower mandible; the reft of the bill is olive-green, but near the black at the bafe inclines to yellow, as does the whole length in the « 375 Io THE TOCO. BieelX. DeEscRIPTION, PLace. 2. YELLOW- THROATED TOUCAN.. DEscRIPTION. 326 10 YELLOW- BREASTED Tt. DescriPrion. Yr Oo U CoA N. the middle and end of the upper: the edges of both mandibles are red, and ferrated, but not deeply: the noftrils are at the bafe of the bill, hid in the feathers: the upper part of the head and body are greenifh black: cheeks and throat brimftone: fore part of the neck orange, furrounded with brimftone: breaft, upper part of the belly, the upper and under tail coverts, fine red: thighs greenifh black: bottem of the belly and fides blackifh: quills and tail of a greenifh black 5 the laft even at the end: legs and claws black. Ramphatftos tucanus, Lin. Sy. i. p. 151. N° 5. Le Toucan a gorge jaune du Brefil, Bri/. orn.iv. p. 419. N° 5. pl. 32. i La ee ee Ph aah eieaiin Yellow-breafled Toucan, Edw. p. 329. Br. Muf. Lev. Muf. HIS is two inches longer than the laft, and the bill an inch anda quarter longer. It differs in having the cheeks, throat, and fore part of the neck, of an orange-colour: on the breaft is a crimfon band: the upper tail coverts brimftone, the under ones only being crimfon. It differs too in the colour of the bill, the bafe of which is grey, and from thence to the end black: legs and claws lead-colour. This defcribed from the life by Mr. Edwards*, from one at Lord Spencer's. f ® Edwards {fays, that the bill of this bird had the upper mandible green, with three long triangular fpots of orange on each fide, and the upper ridge yellow ; lower mandible blue, fhaded with green in the middle; points of both red: the upper tail coverts white. , 5 Ramphattos oO UC A YW. Ramphiattos pifcivorus *, Liz. Sy. i. p. 151. N° 4. Le Toucan 4 gorge blanche du Brefil, Bri/.iv. p. 413. N°3. —- de Cayenne, appellée Tocan, Pl. exl, 262». Xochitenacatl tertia, Raiz Syx. p.178. N° 6. Toucan, or Brafilian Pie, Eda. pl. 64. ———. Bancroft Guiana, p..163- re oye is twenty-one inches in length, of which the bill mea- fures fix inches, and is two inches thick at the bafe. The upper mandible is of a pale yellow green, with ferrated edges, along which it is orange; the under mandible fine blue; the points of both fine fcarlet: the irides hazel, furrounded with a bare greenifh yellow fkin: the upper part of the head, neck, back, wings, and tail, are black, as is the belly: fides of the head, throat, and breaft, cream-colour ; between this and the black of the belly is a crefcent of fine red: the upper tail coverts are white; the under pale red: the legs are light blue. ‘This is Edwards’s defcription, who faw it alive at Mr. Concannon’s; and remarks, that after death the bill faded much, and the fpace round the eyes. turned black. It was fuppofed to come from the Spanifh Main.. Bancroft {ays, that the bafe of the upper mandible is yellow, ® Fifb-eating Toucam, Linnazus no doubt gave it this name from the autho- rity of old authors, and might have thought himfelf juftified fo to do, when he had feen one of the f{pecies feed on fifh in a cage. But the fwallowing of fifh in. a ftate of confinement, fhould be no proof of this bird’s doing fo when at large, any more than in Parrots, who will eat both fe/fo and fyb when kept tame. In- deed, there is one circumftance which may give rife to the conjecture, which is,, that Youcans are frequently met with near water; but it is the fruits growing in fuch places, and nat the #//, whicb-entice them. * that: 327 4s BRASILIAN Bh i DEscRiPTION» 328 RED-BEAKED oe, DESCRIPTION. PLace, AND OBSERVATION. a ©. 0 © AYN, that of the under one purple, and the, fides of both fcarlet: the head black, except two white fpots near the upper mandible , the whole plumage befides black, except the breaft, which is white, and a crefcent of red on the breaft. J am inclined to think this defcription of the bill to be juft, as it is probable he may have feen it alive. “Le Toucan a gorge blanche de Cayenne, -Bri/. orz. iv. p. 416. N° 4. plugte f. 2. “Red-beaked Toucan, Edw, glean. pl. 238. IZE of the Jaft: the bill fomewhat fhorter: the bafe of both mandibles yellow; the top of the upper one the fame; -the whole of the under, and the lower part of the upper one is red; at a little diftance from the bafe is atranfverfe mark of black, di- viding the red from the yellow on the bill; and round the bill at the bafe is a black lift, in which the noftrils are placed: round the eyes is.a blueifh fpace; and between the bill and eye is a white fpot: the cheeks, fore part of the neck, and throat, are white: on the breaft is a crefcent of crimfon: the upper tail co- verts are brimftone, and the under, crimfon: legs lead-colour: claws black. Thefe four laft fpecies inhabit Cayenne, Guiana, or Brafil; and whoever reads Buffon’s opinion will join him in the great proba- bility of their being the fame fpecies; and moft likely that the two with the yellow breafts may prove to be males, and thofe with the white, females : the difference in fize, and trifling variety of colours, may moit likely have arifen from age, or other circum- ftances, which often proves the occafion not only of thefe, but many © 0.00 «C QA oN. ° many other birds, varying confiderably ; and in moft birds, in- deed, the colour of the male furpaffes that of the female in brightnefs. Ramphaftos picatus, Lin. Syf.i. p. 152. N° 6. Le Toucan, Brif. orn. iv. p. 408. N° 1. Le Toucan 4 ventre rouge, Buf. oi/. vii. p. 122. Pica Brafilica, Razi Syx. p. 44. N° 1. Brafilian Pye, or Toucan, Will. orn, 128. pl. 20. Brafilian Pye, d/biz ii. pl. 25 *. Lev. Mu. HIS is one foot eight inches and a half in length. The bill is fix inches long, and near two inches thick at the bafe; this is moftly of a yellowifh green, and reddifh at the tip: nof- trils at the bafe of the bill, but not covered with feathers: the head, throat, neck, upper part of the back, and fcapulars, are gloffy black, with a tinge of green: the lower part of the back, rump, upper tail and wing coverts, the fame, with a caft of afh- colour: the breaft of a fine orange}: belly, fides, thighs, and lower tail coverts, bright red: under the wings black: quills the * The toes are placed three before and one behind in this plate, no doubt by miftake. + The tkins of thefe birds, viz, the yellow part, from the throat to the thighs, are taken off by the natives, and either fold by them, or made prefents of as ra- rities. Pernetty mentions fifty of thefe being made a prefent to a captain of afhip. There are many forts at the J/e of St. Catherine, on the coaft of Brafil, fome of which have light blue irides furrounded with a white circle, and others black. The bill of fome is green, with a circle of black, and two white {pots at the root: that of others is black, but red within, with a yellow green circle near thehead. Thecry is Zoucaraca, whence thename. Pernetty Voy. p. 180. Uu _ fame 329 6. PREACHER T. DescriPTion. a3? PLace AND Manners. COLUARED: T. DESCRIPTION». EO U € A N. fame colour as the back, but more dull: tail even at the end, of a eteenith black colour, tipped with red; beneath black : legs and claws black. Inhabits Guiana and Brafil, It is named the Preacher *, from. the noife ic makes with its tongue. It feeds generally on fruits ;. but it is eafily tamed, and in» that ftate it will eat almoft any: thing that is offered it... One which Afbin obferved in England: feemed more fond of grapes than any other fruit; for being. plucked off from the ftalk one by one, and toffed to it, it would: moft dexteroufly catch them in the air,, before they fell to the ground. This author likewife obferves, that the flefh of the: whole body was of a.deep violet-colour f.. Le Toucan a collier du Mexique, Brif orn.iv. p. 421. N°6.. Le Cochical, Buf. of. vii. p. 124. Cochitenacatl, Fern. Hif. N. Hi/p. p. lbs ch..1. 60. ENGTH eighteen inches. ‘The bill feven inches: upper mandible whitith ; the lower black: trides: reddifh yellow : * The name of Preacher has been given to this bird, from its cuftom of perch-- ing at the top of a tree, above its companions, while they are afleep, and mak-. ing anoife refembling ill-articulated founds; moving his head to the right and’ left, in order to keep off the birds of prey from feizing on the others. Ulloa’s Foy. Eng. edit. 8vo. vol. i. p..56. + Thevet, who is the firft who has mentioned this bird, fays, that it feeds on pepper, of which it often fwallows fo much, thatit is obliged to reje€&t part of it again; but, unluckily for. this circumftance, it is well known that no pepper grows in South America, therefore it muft be, if any kind of pepper, that fort known by the name of Jong-pepper. Hift. des‘oif.—Mem. Cap/icums are called. peppers in South America and the Wef Indies. ‘May it not have been this kind of pepper? 1. This has been obferved in‘moft of the fpecies. “Héft. des vif. the: wt Oh UE OC) AC Ni the head, and the neck behind it, are black; at the back part of the neck is a collar of red; beyond this, the neck is alfo black; the fore part of it whitifh, with fome fpots of red, and fome flender lines of black: the back, wings, and tail, are black: the belly green: lower part of the belly, and under tail coverts, red: thighs purple: legs gréenifh afh: claws black. This inhabits Mexico, near the fea-fhore, where it is fuppofed to feed on fith. Le Toucan verd du Mexique, Brif orn. iV. Ps 423. N° 7. Le Hochicat, Buf. o7/. vii. p. 125. Xochitenacatl, Ferz. Hif. N. Hifp. p. 51. ch. 187. IZE of the Brafilian Yellow-throated Toucan. Bill almoft four inches long; the colour of it yellow and black mixed: the whole of the bird is green, mixed with fome feathers of a reddith colour, and others of the colour of a peacock, here and there interfperfed among the reft: legs and claws black. Inhabits the hotter parts of Mewico, near the fea, where it is faid to feed on fifh. Ramphatftos viridis, Liz. Sy/. i. p. 150. N° 1. Le Toucan verd de Cayenne, Bri/. orn. iv. 423. N° 8. ts 39. fs 2.—-Ple enl. 727, male—728, female. ; Br. Muf. Lev. Muf. HE fize of this bird is not much bigger than that of a Black- bird: length fourteen inches. General colour dull green above, brimftone-coloured beneath: the bill is an inch and a - Uue quarter 33! Pace. 8. PAVONINE e DescripTion. PLAce. 9: + GREEN ly DeEscRIPTION. 332 BPEMALE. Puace. 10. ARACARI T. DESCRIPTION. POF Un Cy AGN. quarter in thicknefs at the bafe, and three inches and a third im length (that of the female only two inches and three quarters) : the edges of the mandibles are ferrated; the ferrated parts white; the upper mandible is yellow at top, and red at the fides; between thefe two colours is. a line of black: the lower mandible is black ; at the bafe red, with a tinge of red about the. noftrils: orbits naked, and yellow: irides yellow: the head, throat, and fore part of the neck, are of a fine black: hind part of the neck, back, fcapulars, upper wing and tail coverts, and thighs, are dull green: rump bright red: the lower part of the neck before, and the reft.of the under parts, pale yellow: quills: blackifh, with the outer edges dull green: tail the fame above, green afh beneath, and cuneated ; the two middle feathers longer than the outer ones by two inches and a quarter: legs lead-co- lour: claws black. The female differs from the male, in Having the head, throat, and fore part of the neck, fine cheftnut; which are, in the male, black: this colour is feparated from the fulphur-colour by a fmalk: tranfverfe black band: otherwife like the male. Inhabits Cayenne. Ramphaftos aracari, Lin. Sy/?. i. p. 151. N° 3e Le Toucan verd du Brefil, Bri/. orz. iv. p. 426. N°. 9. pl. 33. f. 2: — Pi. enl. 166. Le Grigri, Buf. oi/. vil. p. 126. Aracari, Raii Syn. p. 44. N° z. —Will. orn. p. 140. Pl. 226 Lev. Muf: ee length of this fpecies is fixteen inches-eight lines. The bill is near four inches and a quarter long, and fixteen lines thick at the bafe;, hooked at the tip; the upper mandible white, R marked: EO WU (Ck WW. marked on the upper part with a black ftripe, the whole length, the lower mandible wholly black, the edges deeply ferrated: the irides yellow : the eye furrounded by a naked yellowifh fkin: the head, throat, and neck, are black: on each fide of the head is a fmall cheftnut fpot, jult above the ears: the upper part of the back, fcapulars, and wing coverts, are dull green: lower part of the back, rump, and upper tail coverts, bright red: breaft, belly, and fides, brimftone, with a mixture of red on the upper part of the breaft: on the belly is a bright red band, eight lines in breadth: the thighs, and under tail coverts, are olive green, ir- regularly mixed with red, and deep yellow: quills blackifh, with dull green edges :. tail wedge-fhaped, the outer feathers being fhorter than the middle ones by above three inches and a half ; the colour dull green above, and paler beneath: legs blackifh green: claws black. Inhabits Brafil, Surinam, and Cayenne. Linneus defcribes it as having the upper part and tip of the upper mandible black, whitifh on the fides, with a white arch at the root; the lower one black: head, wings, and tail, black: breaft and belly yellow and crimfon, with a black roundifh mark on the middle of the breatt, and another fuch like tranfverfe one on the beginning of the belly: the rump crimfon: thighs rufous. That thefe varieties do occur, I am certain,.as I have feen fome birds without the red band on the breaft, and the bill of others of a plain dufky colour. : In. two of thefe birds, fent over as of different fexes, which: came under my infpection, the difference was merely in the one being brown where the other was black, the yellow in the feveral parts. of a deeper hue, and the feathers at the bafe of the thighs. edged PLACE. 333 334 Tle PIPERINE DeEscRIPTION. FEMALE. HO) UO oe ar N. edged with a reddifh colour. Which of the two was the male, was not noticed, therefore not to be determined. Ramphaftos piperivorus, Liz. Sy/t. i. p. 150. N° 2. Le Toucan a collier de Cayenne, Brif. orn. iv. p. 429. N° 10. t. 32. fi-2» he Koulik, Buf. of. vii. p. 128. Toucan a collier de Cayenne, P/. exl. 577. the male. Toucan a ventre gris de Cayenne, P/. exl. 729. the female. Green Toucan, Zdw. pl. 330. the male. Lev. Mu/. ee fpecies is a trifle bigger than the laft, and meafures in leneth thirteen inches. The bill is above two inches and three quarters in length, and near one inch thick at the bafe; the edges much ferrated ; it is red at the bafe, and the reft black to the end; the red on the under mandible reaching half way: the orbits of the eyes are flefh-coloured, or blueifh: the head and neck, breaft, and middle of the belly, are black, with a fteely glofs: on each fide of the head, near the ear, is a fpot of golden yellow: on the lower part of the neck, behind, an orange cref- cent: the back, rump, upper tail coverts, and lower part of the belly, olive green: thighs the fame, mixed with cheftnut: under tail coverts crimfon: quills brown, with greenifh edges: the tail cuneiform, green above, and brown beneath; the tip of each feather cheftnut: legs lead-colour: claws black. The female differs from the male, in that the hind part of the neck is brown, which is black in the male: the whole of the un- der parts grey, from the chin to the vent: the collar at the back part of the neck is very pale: but in other things it refem- bles the male. 3 This a @ Uy) CAL Ne 335 This inhabits Cayenne. It has the name Koulik from its cry, PLAcEs pronouncing this word quick, and repeatedly. It may be fup- pofed that its food is pepper, as Linneus has named it the Pepper- eater *.. Le Toucan jaune, Brif. orz. iv. p. 432. N° ite 12. L’Aracari a bec noir, Buf, of. vii. p. 130. BLACK-BILLED: Alia Xochitenacatl, Nieremberg, p. 207.— Fohnfton, p. 119: : T. Another fort of Xochitenacatl, Toucan, or Brafilian Pie, Wl. orn. p. 386. Moe {pecies is of the fize of a Pigeon. The bill is black, thick, and bent : the irides yellow: the general colour of the body yellowifh white: on each fide of the neck, from the bill. to the breaft, is a longitudinal ftripe of black: the leffer wing coverts are yellow: the middle and greater coverts, fcapulars, and quills, varied with white and black: the tail is of the fame co- Jour: the legs are brown: and the claws yellowith. This inhabits Mewica. DEscRIPTFION. PLace.- Le Toucan bleu, Brif: orn. iv. p..433. N° 12.- Bee LD? Aracari bleu, Buf. oi/. vii. p. 131+ BLUE Xochitenacatl, Fern. Hift. p. 47. ch. 146.—Fohnfion av. pp. 126. 1576 Te t. 56.—Wieremb. p. 209.- LL we know of this bird is from Fernandez, who obferves, DEscriprions: that it is about the fize of a Pigeon: the colour wholly blue, * Piperivorus. mixed, i) 336 PLACE. 14. BLUE- THROATED ° 15 WHITE T. TO, U2 Gi A> N, mixed with afh-colour: the bill very large, and longer than the body itfelf*: the eyes black: irides reddifh yellow. Inhabits the fea-fhores of Mexico, and is faid to feed on fifh. N a Uf of birds in the mufeum of Baron de Faugeres, of Mont- pellier, 1 find one by the name of Toucan a gorge bleue, with this addition: “ Ce Youcan n’eft decrit par aucun auteur.” Ido not find a Toucan with a blue throat mentioned by any writer; and muft therefore, with him, conclude it to be a new fpecies. As it is but very lately that I have known this circumftance, it has not been in my power to fay further on this head, pete the whole, for the prefent, on his opinion. LL we know of this fpecies is, that the bird is wholly of a pure white +; and that it is now, or was very lately, alive, in the menagerie of the King of Naples. * Fernandez obferves, that vaft flocks of birds, whofe bills are bigger than the whole body, and the plumage variegated with yellow, red, white, and blue, come at certain feafons into the province of Honduras ; -whence it is likely, that fome of the fpecies, at leaft, are migratory; for he muft mean one or other of this genus. Fernand. Hit. p. 17. ch. xv. + A white Toucan is mentioned by Hawke/worth, in his Defcription of Voyages round the World, vol. i. p. 123. This was moft likely an Hornéill, and not a Toucan: reafons for which conjecture will be given in their place. GENUS 1337 >] Genus VII. MOTMOT. N°? i. Brafilian Motmot. Var. A. Variegated Motmot. HE bill of this genus is pretty ftrong, flightly incurvated, and indented * at the edges. Noftrils covered with feathers. Tongue long, narrow, feathered at the edges. Tail cuneiform. Toes placed three before and one behind; the fore toes greatly united. Were it not for precifion, which ever fhould be attended to in defining genera, this might have been joined to the Toucan, as it appears to have many things in common with that bird, on a flight infpection, efpecially the edges of the bill and feathered tongue; but the fituation of the toes being placed in a different manner from that genus, makes it neceflary to feparate it, as all authors, except Linxzzus, have done. I believe that there is really but one fpecies yet known. * Tcall this zzdented, as it will be found different from any of the Toucan tribe, the edges of whofe bills are formed exaétly like the edge of a faw. Xx Ram phaftos 338 I. BRASILIAN MO?TMOT. Pu. X. Descriprion. MO Lh vm 107 3. Ramphaftos momota, Liz. Syf. i. p. 152. N° 8. Le Momot, Bri/. orn. iv. p. 465. pl. 35. f. 3. — —— du Brefil, P/. enl. 370. Le Houtou ou Momot, Buf. cif. vis p. 430. pl. 20. Hpidz feu Meropi afinis—Guira Guatnumet, Raii Syn. p. 49. N° 4, —Momot, Id. p. 164.—Will. orn. p. 386. pl. 24. Brafilian faw-billed Roller, Edw. pl. 328. Br. Muf. Lev. Muy. ee is nearly equal toa Magpie in fize; and is about a foot anda half in length. The bill is an inch and three quarters Jong, and indented on the edges; the indentations from eleven to thirteen in number; it is dufky above, and fiefh-coloured at the bafe, where it is furnifhed with a few briftles: the irides yellow: and the tongue feathered, like that of a Toucan: the upper part and fides of the bill are encompaffed with black, which runs through the eyes, and below them, ending in a point: the mid- dle of the crown is black’; between that and the bill blue green ;. and the hind head blue, fo that the crown feems furrounded with blue; below this the colour is cheftnut: the hind part of the neck, back, fcapulars, and rump, green: quills blueifh, with dufky ends: the under parts of the body greenifh buff-colour: on the breaft are three or four narrow black feathers, forming a - {pot of that colour: the tail is ten inches and a half long, com- pofed of twelve feathers, and much cuneated; the two middle feathers are above three inches and a half longer than the next, and the outer ones of all very fhort; the fix middle ones are green, with the ends blue, and four of them tipped with black ; the others are wholly green, with the tips dufky: the legs 10 browr : IO By he eo _Motmo€ M Of) MOH, brown: the toes placed three before and one behind: the claws hooked and black. This bird is found at Brafil, Cayenne, Mexico, and other parts of South America, where it is faid to live on infects. It is a folitary bird, frequenting thick forefts; feen for the moft part fingly, chiefly on the ground, or fome low. branch of a tree, talking fhort flights when difturbed, and pronouncing the word Howiou. It makes the neft on the ground, frequently in fome hole de- ferted by an Armadillo, or other quadruped: the neft is com- pofed of dry erafs and ftalks; laying therein for the moft part two eggs. The flefh is not accounted good to eat. It may not be amifs here to take notice of the two middle tail feathers, which, in Edwards’s plate, and the defcription of au- thors, of the bird, are bare of webs for an inch and half, or more, near the ends. I have feen birds in this fituation, and believe it to be a frequent circumftance, but by no means general nor na- tural, Buffon and Briffon neither defcribe nor figure theirs in this manner ; and I can affure the reader, that I have feen birds with the two middle feathers quite perfect. Inthe Leverian Mu/feum there are two, in both of which the webs on one fide only degzn to be bared at the ufual part; but what is remarkable, it is on the op- pofite fides on each of them: all thefe things confidered, J make no doubt of its being a mere accidental circum/tance, fuch an one as we have not hitherto come to the knowledge of, that occafions - this appearance. X x2 - Le 339. PLAacz AND Manners. 340 I. Var. A. VARIEGATED MOTMOT. DESCRIPTION. Puace. M OT M O F. Le Momot varié, Brif. orz. iv. p. 469. N° 2. Yayauhquitotl, Raiz Syz. p. 167. N° 19. or long-tailed bird, Will. orn. p. 386. Tee feems only a variety of the former, ora young bird. It is faid merely to be of a green, fulvous, blue, and afh-co- tour throughout: the tail feathers the fame as in the other. Found at Mexico. GENUS Abou 7898) Genus VII. HORNBILL. N° 1. Rhinoceros H. N° 7. Indian H. 2. Helmet H. “8. Panayan H. 3- Philtppine H. g. Manilla H. A. ———H. 10. Black-billed H. 4. Abyffinian B, A. Red-billed H. 5. African H. 11. White H. 6. Pied H. 12. Wreathed H. HIS genus has a great bending bill, with frequently a jarge protuberance, refembling another bill, on the upper man- dible: edges jagged. Noftrils fmall, round, placed behind a bafe of the bill. Tongue fmall, fhort *. Legs fcaly: toes, three forward, one backward; the middle one connected to the outmoft 2s far as the third joint, and to the inner one as far as the firft. The birds of this genus feem to hold the fame place in the old continent as the Toucans do in the new, the laft-named birds be- ing found in America only. Perhaps the fame food may be ufual to both; if fo, fruits fhould be the ereateft part of their diet. As to their eating fifth +, it feems not to be fully proved, though many authors affert it: this muft be determined by future obfer- * Scarce aninch long in one fpecies. Phil. Tranf. vol. xxiii. p. 1394. + That they eat flea by choice feems manifeit from feveral obfervations below, ¥ation.. 342 io +-RHINOCEROS Dezscriprions HOR N.B.I LL vation, We muft not take in the depraved ftate of appetite often feen in birds when in confinement, perhaps confented to by them more from zeceffity than choice, for want of having it in our power to give them what is bettér adapted to-their palate. Buceros Rhinoceros, Liz. Syft. i, p. 153. N° 3. Le Calao desIndes, Bri/. orn. iv. p.571. N° 4. Le Calao Rhinoceros, Buf. otf. vii. p. 161. Bec de l’oifeau Rhinoceros, P/. exl. 934. Corvus indicus cornutus, feu Rhinoceros avis Bontii, &c. Raii Syn. p. 40. N° 8. a Horned Indian Raven, or Rhinoceros-bird, Will. orn. p. 127. ty 17. thé head. : a -————— Edw, glean. pl. 28:. fig. B. the head. Lev, Muf. DO not find any author who has defcribed this, except Briffon* ; who fays, that it is three feet in length, almoft two feet three quarters in breadth, and is nearly as big as a Turkey. The bill is ten inches long, and two inches and a half thick at the bafe; the upper mandible is red at the bafe, and whitifh yellow towards the tip; the lower one wholly of a whitifh yellow, except at the bafe, where it is black: on the top of the upper mandible’ is an appendage, as large as the bill itfelf, and turning upwards, contrary to that of the bill, both of the mandibles of which bend downwards ; this curved horn meafures eight inches in length, is four inches broad, varied with white and black, and is, as it were, divided longitudinally by a line of black on each fide: the noftrils are placed at the bafe of the bill: the * Orn, edit. in 8vo. Lug. Bat. 1763. vol, ii. ps 206. head, HORN BIG head, neck, back, breaft, and upper part of the belly, are black : the lower belly and rump dirty white: the under tail coverts half black half white: tail twelve inches in length: the feathers white at the bafe and ends, and black in the middle: the legs and claws dull grey. This varies in wanting the black line on each © fide of the bill. The fpecimen in Sir 4. Lever’s Mufewm anfwers to this defcrip- tion of Briffon, and has not the black line on the bill. That bird is full four feet in length, and is as big as a middle-fized Tur- key: the vent feathers are whitifh: the tail white, except a bar of three inches in breadth, and about the fame diftance from the end: the reft as in Briffon, whofe bird was moft likely a young one. This fpecimen is faid to have come from Fava; it is alfo found in Sumatra, the Philippine Ifands, and other parts of the _ aft Indies. Thefe birds are faid to feed on flefh and carrion* ; and that they follow the hunters for the purpofe of feeding on the entrails of the beafts which they kill; that they chafe rats and mice, and, after prefling them flat with the bill in a peculiar manner, tofling them up into the air, fwallow them whole im- mediately on their defcent: and it may be remarked, that in this cafe the tongue is no hindrance, being not above an inch in length +. Le Calao & cafque rond, Buf. cif. vii. p. 159 Téte de Calao a cafque rond, PI. exl. 933. See a fig. of the fame in Edw. t. 281. f.C. Lev. Mu/f. DO not find a defcription of the body of this bird in any au- thor, though the bill is pretty common in moft collections. 3 Bontius Nat. Hift. b.v.. che Tio + Phil. Tranfe N° 285. The 343 PLACE anD MANNERS. 2. t HELMET H. Descrirrion. 344 H O RF NBA LL: The length of it, from the utmoft gibbofity behind to the tip, in a fpecimen now by me,:is eight inches. The bill is nearly ftrait, and, as far as the real mandibles reach, of a conical figure; the top of the upper is continued upwards into a gibbofity, of a form al- moft fquare, making the bill at this part four inches.and a half in depth; this is rounded behind, and almoft flat in front; the front is a true bone, of an inch in thicknefs, the fides of which may be readily feen through, as they are very thin and tranfparent, and, with the half of the bill next the bafe, of a deep red; the bony front, and end half of the bill, yellowifh white: the noftrils, or at - leaft what appear to me as fuch, are juft above the eyes, in the hollow; and from them begins a wrinkled ridge, which goes quite acrofs the gibbous part to the front: the general colour of this bird fhould feem to be black, as the few feathers which are attached to the back part of the head, both in my fpecimen and _ that figured in the Planches enluminées, are of that colour. If I conjecture right, this bird may have fome powerful enemy, to which it may at times oppofe this bony thick front, by way of defence, as it is certainly capable of great refiftance. I am led to think this, from the bill in my poffeflion, which appears to have fuffered by this means; for the horny part is beaten off in feveral places. I have feen the bony front of this bill made into a fnuff-box, of which it formed the top. Buceros BH OR N Bol L G Buceros bicornis, Liz. Sy. i. p. 153. N° i. Le Calao des Philippines, Brif- orn.iv p. 568. N°z, — Buf. oif. vii. p. 157. Rhinoceros avis, 1ma varietas, Will. orn. t. 17+ Vo Br. Muf. Lev. Muf The bill. get body is the fize of a large Fowl: colour above black, beneath white. The bill is very large, being two inches and three quarters thick at the bafe, and nine inches in length; the colour of it is reddifh, but the bafe of the lower mandible black: on the top of the bill is an additional horny fubftance, fix inches in length, and three in breadth, reaching backwards further than the eyes, fomewhat concave on the top, and project- ing forwards as it were into two angles; the hinder part is rounded, and reaches to the hind head; this is of the fame co- lour as the bill: the noftrils are placed at the bafe of the bill, beneath this laft horny fubftance: on the quills is a white fpot: the ten middle feathers of the tail are black; the outer ones white: the legs are greenifh. Inhabits the Philippine Ifles. Linnaeus fays, China, Stratfund ; and likewife adds, that the tail is pretty long. Calao, vel Cayao, Pdil. Tranf. vol. xxiii. p. 1394. #o. Gi Pies fpecies is about the fize of a Hen. The bill is fomewhat bent, ferrated, diaphanous, and of the colour of cinnabar, and near feven inches long; the mandibles are equal, an inch and half © There deferibed by the Rew, F. G. Camel, a xefident in the Philippine Ifes. Yy broad iC : $= PHILIPPINE H. DESCRIPTION. PLACE. Bess Var. A. DEscRrIPTioNe 346 PLACE AND Manners. HM, OUR ON Bl. LL. broad at the middle; the upper one is three inches deep, and fur- nifhed with an helmet on the top, which is a fpan in length, almoft three inches broad, and flat on the top: the tongue {mall for fo large a bill, being fcarcely an inch long: the head itfelf is fmall, and as far as the eyes black: the pupil blue; the irides white; and each eye-lid befet with black briftles, the length of which is equal to the breadth of the little finger: the head and neck are rufous: the belly black: back and rump brownifh afh: the thighs and legs together are nine inches long, and yellowifh: the tail feathers are only eight* in number, a cubit in length, and white: the greater quills are fifteen or feventeen in number, almoft a foot and a half long, and of a fulvous colour: the toes are fquammofe, of a reddifh colour: the claws are black. _ This bird inhabits the Philippine Iflands, and has a cry more like that of a hog ora calf, than of a bird. The Gentoos rank it among their Gods, and pay worfhip to it. It lives altogether in woods, feeding on fruits, fuch as the Indian fig, alfo piftachios, &c. which it fwallows whole; and after the external parts have been digefted, it brings up the nuts again whole, without the kernels being any wife damaged, or unfit for vegetation, Fearful of multiplying fpecies, I have ventured to place thefe two as varieties only, or at leaft as fexual differences, till a better acquaintance with them fhall clear up the doubt. Buffon is of opinion that they are varieties only, which indeed is very probable, fince the fame fpot of the globe produces both of them. * No deubt it had loft two, as no bird has lefs than ten in number. Le He OR UN “Bib bE. Le Calao d’Abyflinie, Buf. oi/. vii. p. 155. Grand Calao d’Abyffinie, P/. en/. 779. HIS is among the largeft of the genus: in fhape it moft re- fembles a Raven, but is larger and thicker: the length three feet two inches. The bill is nine inches in length, flightly bent the whole length, and comprefled on the fides; both man- dibles are channelled on the infides, and blunt at the tips; on the top of the upper, at the bafe, is a prominence of a femicir- cular fhape, two inches and a half in diameter, and fifteen lines broad at the bafe, which is over the eyes: this excrefcence is of the fame fubftance with the bill, but fo very thin, as to eafily give way to the preffure of the fingers: the height of the bill, with the additional horn, meafures vertically almoft three inches and three quarters: on each fide of the upper mandible, near the bafe, is a reddifh fpace; and a naked violet brown {kin encircles the eyes, and covers the throat, and fome of the fore part of the neck. The colour of the plumage is wholly black, except the greater quills, which are white: the fecondaries and part of the wing co- verts are of a deep tawny brown: the legs are five inches and a half long: the middle toe, with the claws, is twenty-eight lines lone; the three forward ones nearly equal in length; the hind one alfo pretty long, being two inches; all of them are thick and ftout, and covered, as well as the legs, with blackith fcales.: the claws are ftrong, but not bent, nor fharp. This inhabits Adyffinza *. Le * T have fome fafpicion, that the ‘* certain black birds,”? mentioned by M. Adanfon, may prove the above. He fays, “* they were. fo like a Turkey, Wye both 347 4 ABYSSINIAN H. DescrIPTION, Bint, PLUMAGE, PLAGE, 348 AFRICAN eEsCRIPTION. HO) RON BA Lb) ES Le Calao d’Afrique, Brif. orn. iv. p. 570. N° 3. Le Brac, ou Calao d’Afrique, Buf. oi/. vii. pe 154+ Trompette de Brac, ou l’Oifeau trompette, Labat. Afr. occ. W. p. 160. 1616 Sizure imperfed. Rhinoceros avis fecunda varietas, Will. orn. pl. 17.—Mu/. Be/l. t. 9. N° 76 THIS bird is faid by Labat to be of the fize of a Turkey: the colour of the plumage wholly black. The bill and head, meafured together, were equal to eighteen inches: the figure of the bill not unlike our third fpecies ; but the horny appendage.on the top of the upper mandible is almoft ftrait at the end, or at leaft turns up but very little, and ends almoft in a point; the co- lour is partly red, partly yellow; the edges of both mandibles black, and the bafe of both of the fame colour. Neither Briffon nor Buffon add any thing to this account of Ladat, neither of them having, I fuppofe, met with the bird. A fpecimen of this bird is in the Leyden Mu/eum, of which there is a coloured print * in pofteffion of Sir A. Lever, which informs us, that the general colour is black: the hind head fomewhat crefted: the belly and vent white: the tail near one foot in length, the feathers of which are black, with white tips. ‘both as to fize and feathers, that one might very eafily miftake them. I killed two with the fame fhot, one male, the other female. ‘They had both a kind of black hollow helmet on the head, of the fame bulk and figure as that of the Cafoar: upon their neck they had a long plate, like a very bright vellum, which was red in the male, and blue in the female.” He fays, that the Negroes give it the name of Guinar, and efteem it as a Marabou, or facred animal, and liken it to the Gallizazo; but that is the Carrion Vulture. See Adanf. Voy. to Senegal, Pp. 309. Eng. Edit. * Jt is called in the print Calao des Indes. Le PLXI. NIN x . HUQ RON bE) -L, Le Calao de Malabar, Buf. o7/: vii. p. 149. pl. 8. Pl, en/. 873? Beaks of curious Birds, Edw. pl. 281. f. De. "THE length of this fpecies is two feet fix inches: in fize a trifle bigger than a Crow. From the angles of the mouth to the point of the bill five inches: both mandibles curve down- wards the whole length, and are pointed at the ends; on the upper is placed a gibbofity four inches and a half in length, rounded on the top, and, reaching two thirds of the length of the bill, tends to a fharp edge in front; this appendage pafles back- wards beyond the eyes, at which part it is blunt, and fornewhat projecting ; the fore part of it is black, which colour pafies ob- liquely downwards, and backwards quite to the part where it joins the true bill, a little part of which is black alfo; the bafe and edges of both mandibles likewife are black; and near the bafe, between the appendage and bill, are placed the noftrils ; the colour of the middle part, as well as the bill, is of a dirty yellow- ith white: the eyes furrounded with a bare fkin, of a faded dirty yellow: on the upper eye-lid are ten or more ftiff black briftles, full half an inch in length: the general colour of the plumage is black, but in fome parts the feathers incline to green on the mar- gins: the lower part of the breaft, belly, vent, and thighs, are white: the firft quill is black, pointed, and fhorter than the others; the reft are black alfo, but the ends for an inch and a half are white, except three or four next the body, which are wholly black: the tail confifts of ten feathers; the two middle ones are black; the others are the fame, with the ends for an inch and a half white: the legs are very fhort, being, from the knee to the endef the middle claw, little more than four inches: the 2 inner 349 6. PIED He Pr. XI. DeEscRIPTION. 35° Place, &, MANNERS. m OR WN Bot Lh ou: inner toe fhorteft; the two outmoft toes connected to the middle one as far as the firft joint: the wings reach beyond the bafe of the tail. This defcription is taken from a perfect fpecimen now laying before me, which came from the Ha/t-Indies, and is in the col- lection of Captain Davies. Buffon defcribes one, which was alive in Paris during the fummer of 1777, and came from Pondicherry. This was of the fame fize with our fpecimen, and fuppofed to be near three feet in length; but the gibbofity of the bill an inch and an half longer, and was fuppofed to have had ftill half an inch more in length, as it had received an injury: the bill itfelf blunt at the end, and eight inches long: the eye was of a red brown, and the bare fkin round it black: the bird could ereé or deprefs the creft at will: the tail differed much, for it had four of the middle feathers black the whole length, and the reft of the feathers white, except at the bate, where they were black: the legs black, fcaly : the claws long and. blunt. The manners of this bird were peculiar: it would leap for- wards, or fideways, with both legs at once, like a Magpie, or Fay, never walking: when at reft, it folded its head back between the wings: the general air and appearance was rather ttupid and dull, though it would fometimes. put on a fierce look, if at any time it was furprized,, or the like: it would eat /ettuce, after bruifing them with its bill, and fwallow raw flesh; as well as de- vour rats, mice, and: fmall birds, if given to him: it had different tones of voice on different occafions ; fometimes a hoarfe found:in. the throat, moft like otck, ouck; at other times very hoarfe and weak, not unlike the clucking of a Turkey Hen. This bird ufed to difplay the wings, and enjoy itfelf in a warm fun, but fhivered. in. HO RoN Bal LL in the cold; and, as the winter approached, died, unable to bear the feverity of the climate, fo different to its nature *. Buceros hydrocorax, Lin. Sy. i. p. 153. N° z. Le Calao, Brifa orn. iv. p. 556. N° 1. t. 45. Le Calao des Moluques, Buf. o#/: vii. p. 147.—=Vvol. iii. p. 410 — Pl. enl. 283. Le Corbeau Indien, Orz. de Salern. p. 91. N°8. pl. 9. f. 3. Corvus Indicus, Rai Syz. p. 40. N° 7.—Will. orn. t. 17. Bontius’s Indian Raven, W7i/, orn, p. 126. N° 7. HIS bird is rather bigger than a Cock: length two feet four inches. The bill is two inches and a half thick at the bafe, five inches in length, and bends a little downwards ; both mandibles are dentated on the edges, but the under one is moft fo; on the top is an additional excrefcence, of the fame texture “ In the Planchees enluminées, N° 873, is a bird not far differing from this laft, if not meant for the fame. The diftribution of colours on the bill ¢s the fame, but on this are exprefied three double longitudinal furrows, placed at nearly equal diftances, not mentioned in Buffox’s defcription of that bird: a lit- tle way from the bafe of the under mandible is a white fpot : the belly, vent, and thighs, white: the reft of the body black: the two micdle tail feathers black ; the others wholly white. I make no doubt but all the above are the fame fpecies, differing merely in fex or age ; and it is very probable, that the one defcribed from my fpecimen, having the bill very fmooth, as well as its being lefs, may be a young bird; as, perhaps, the wrinkles feen in the Planchees enluminées, as well as in a bill now in the Leverian Mufeum, may be the effect of mature age: witnefs the horns of cows, and other animals.—Mem. Buffon refers to pl. 873, in his /f, vol, vii. p. 140, though he does not in his defcription of the bird. 9 as J INDIAN DescripTion. 352 PLACE AND Manners. H O RON BS Tu Ba as the bill; this is flat at top, and rounded behind, and projects over the back part of the head; this laft part is whitifh, but the reft of it, as well as the bill, is afh-colour : the upper part of the head is blackifh: the cheeks and throat quite black ; the laft is furrounded by a dirty grey band, about three quarters of an inch in breadth, forming an arch, with the concave part uppermott : the hind head and neck are of a pale cheftnut: the back, fcapu- lars, wing coverts, and rump, brown: upper and under tail co= verts the fame, with a mixture of fulvous: breaft, upper part of the belly, and fides, are blackifh, with a mixture of grey: thighs yellow brown: bottom of the belly, and under tail coverts, pale yellow: quills black ; the outer edges of the fecondaries grey : the tail is even at the end, in length eight inches, and of a dirty cinereous white: the legs are grey brown: claws black. Inhabits the Molucca Iles. Willughby obferves, that it refem- bles our Raven in the bill, but is red on the temples, like fome kinds of Turkies; has wide noftrils, and ill-favoured eyes; and that it feeds chiefly on utmegs, whence its flefh is very delicate, and has‘a fine aromatic relifh. This; in its native places, is frequently tamed, and is ufeful in deftroying rats and mice in houfes *. ® Salerne. be HORNBIL I: ‘Le Calao a bec cizelé de Vifle de Panay, Sox. Voy. p. 122... 82. the male, t. 83. the female. ‘Le Calao de lifle de Panay, Buf, of vii. p. 145.—P/. xl. 780. le males 781. la femelle. N fize, fays Sonnerat, it equals our Raven. The bill is very long, arched, toothed at the edges, pointed at the ena, and ‘compreffed on the fides, which are ridged tranfverfely from the bafe. ‘to two-thirds of its length; the ridges are brown, and the fur- rowed parts between the colour of orpiment; the reft of the bill to the end is fmooth and brown: on the top of the upper man- -dible, from the bafe to the middle, is an appendage like the bill, which is flatted at the fides, fharp at the top, and cut to a fharp angle before; and, as far as it extends, is as broad as that part of the bill which it covers, and is as deep as broad: the eye is fur- ‘rounded by a naked brown fkin: the eye-lids furnifhed with a circle of fhort ftiff hairs or briftles, forming true eye-lafhes: the iris is whitifh: the head, neck, wings, and back, are of a greenifh black, changing into blue in different lights: the upper part of ‘the breaft light red brown: belly, thighs, and rump, deep red brown: the tail confifts of ten feathers, two-thirds of which from the bafe are rufous yellow, and one-third to the end black: the legs are of a lead-colour: toes placed three before and one be- hind; the middle toe united to the outer one to the third articu- dation, but to the inner toe only as far as the firit. The female is of the fame fize as the male, but differs in the head and neck being wholly white, except a triangular large green-black fpot, which arifes beneath the bafe of the bill, pafling LEZ: under Ge 8. PANAYAN . Hi. Description. PEMALE, PLACE. 9. MANILLA H. DeEscR:PTION. PLACE. 10- BLACK-BILLED HH. Descreprron. Hn OF RON BP LT, bw: under the eye, and a little way behind, where it ends in a point: in other things it is like the male. Inhabits the ifle of Panay. Le Calao de Manille, Buf. oif. vii. p.144.—PI. enl. 8916 ieee fpecies is but very little known. It is a very little bigeer than the following fpecies: in Iength twenty inches. The bill is two inches and a half long, lefs curved than in that ‘fpecies, and not toothed at the edges, but fharp-edged, and more pointed at the tip; the upper mandible is furnifhed with a flight prominence, which {wells out but very little: the head and neck are white, with a caft of yellow, and waved with brown: on each fide of the head, at the ears, is a black mark: the upper part of the body is of a blackith brown; fome of the quill feathers have whitifh edges: the under parts of the body dirty white: the tail is of the fame colour as the wings, with this difference, that it is crofted about the middle by a rufous band of two inches breadth. This bird inhabits Manilla ; but the manners of it are not known. ~ Buceros nafutus, Liz. Syf.i. p. 154. N° 4. Le Calao a bec noir du Senegal, Bri/. orn. iv. p..573. N°5. t. 46. £ 1.—= Pl, enl. 890. Le Tock, Buf. oif. vii. p. 141. Crotophaga Forfchal, Faun. Arab. p.2. N°. 4. HIS bird is not much bigger than a Magpie, and is in length twenty inches anda half. The bill is one inch thick at the bafe, and three inches and a half in length, and bent downwards : 1) the He Oe ROON SB OE) aE the colour of it is black, except a longitudinal fpot of yellow on each fide of the upper mandible, juft under the noftrils ; the edges of both are dentated: the plumage on the upper part of the body is dirty grey, the edges of the feathers whitifh: on each fide of the head is a dirty white ftripe, beginning at the noftrils, and paffing _ over the eyes to the hind head: the under parts of the body are dirty white: the upper wing coverts are of the fame colour, fpotted with black, the middle of each feather being of that co- lour: the quills are blackifh, with dirty grey edges: the tail is feven inches and a quarter long, and confifts of twelve feathers; the two middle ones are dirty grey; thofe on the fides are white half way from the bafe; the end half blackith, with the tips white: legs and claws black. Le Calao a bec rouge du Senegal, Bri/. orn, iv. p-575- N°G. t. 46. f. 2. —PI, enl. 260. Le Tock, Buf. oi/. vii. p. 141. HIS is the fize of the laft, but is half an inch fhorter. The bill is partly the fame, but of a red colour: the head and throat dirty white, with the fhafts of the feathers black: on the crown is a longitudinal blackifh ftripe, reaching to the hind head: the neck, breaft, belly, fides, thighs, under wing and tail coverts, dirty white: the hind part of the neck, next the back, ftriped longitudinally with blackifh down the middle of each feather: the back, rump, fcapulars, and upper tail coverts, dirty grey: upper wing coverts blackifh, the middle of each feather dirty white: the prime quills are blackifh; the feconda- ries grey : the tail is near feven inches long ; the two middle fea- LZE2 thers 355 10. Var. A. RED-BILLED H. DEscriPTion. PLACE AND MANNERS. Hy O,;RIN BB fb, be thers dirty grey, the reft blackifh, with white ends: the legs are: red, and the claws black. Linneus thought thefe two to be male and female; but Buffon confirms them to differ only from age, that with the red bill and. legs, laft defcribed, being the adult bird. Thefe are very common at Senegal, and other warm parts of the o/d continent, where they are called Zock. ‘They are very tame. and foolifh birds while young, infomuch as to fuffer themfelves to be taken by the hand; but having learned experience with mature age, they then become rather fhy. When taken young, . they immediately become familiar; but are fo ftupid as not to feed of themfelves, though food be offered to them, requiring it to be put into their mouths. In their wild ftate they feed on fruits, but when domefticated eat bread, and will fwallow almoft - any thing that is offered to them. This, I make no doubt, is the bird deferibed as an Ani by M. Forfcbal *. He fays that the bill is twice as long as the head, and bends downwards, with a fpot of white at the bafe of the upper mandible; on the lower, three or four whitifh ob- lique curved ridges of white: tongue very fhort, haftato-fubu- lated and plain: head and neck grey brown: belly white: the reft of the bird grey fpotted with white, and a band of the fame over the eyes: quills tipped white; the prime ones cinereous, fecondaries black: tail feathers ten in number, as long as the whole body, even at the end, and black tipped with white, all but the two middle, which are wholly brown: legs black brown, * The name he gives it is Kekab; and fays that it feeds on fnakes and cha- meleons. Faun. Arab. p.vi.—Adanfon mentions his garnifhing a wooden fpit «¢ with a Toucan, two Partridges, and two Guinea Hens.’? Voy. to Sen. 8v0, P> 144.--His Toxcax was, no doubt, this bird. and MO RON w rE EG. and fhorter than the thighs: two joints of the outer toe con- nected to.the firft joint of the middle one. Size of a large Pigeon, but the bill very large in refpect to the body. ; Inhabits Arabia, where it is faid to feed on ferpents. Called by the names Zullek and Dymlédi. ‘The former of thefe might rea- dily. be confounded with that of Senegal, Tock, by mere difference of dialect.. White Toucan, Hawk/w. Voy. i. p. 123>- gree bird here referred to is faid to be of the fize of a Goofe, wholly fnow white, except the bill and legs, which were black: the beak curved, and of fo great a length and thicknefs,. that it was not eafy to conceive how the mufcles of the neck, which was one foot long, and as {mall as: that of a Crane, could fupport it.. This: bird. was caught. between the ifland of Tinian and Pulo- timoen. It was kept alive. four month’ on board, and fed on bif- cuit, after which it died. . This bird fhould feem rather a Horndill than.a Toucan, as in this latitude no other than Horndills have been feen; on the con- trary, in South America, where the Youcans are, there are no Horn- bills: but this cannot be determined for want of better de- {cription.. Bill 357 PLACEs ree WHITE H, Descrirrions» PLace; 358 12. WREATHED H. DeEscrRiPTiIoN OF THE BILL. HOR NB PF LL EF Bill of an Indian Raven, W2l/. ors. t. 78. HE bill is, in figure, not unlike that of N° 3: in length, from the angles of the mouth to tip, from five to fix inches : on the top of the upper mandible is an appendage arifing about an inch in height; this is rounded at top, and divided into feven or eight fegments, not unaptly refembling the ratile of a rattle- fnake: the edges of the mandibles are jagged in the middle, not ferrated: noftrils fituated at the bafe of the firft fegment, and have the appearance of roundifh holes. Specimens of this are to be feen in the Briti/b, Leverian, and other Mufeums, The bill only has, I believe, yet arrived in England, GENUS PLXM. —~ 7 Mi 7 : Yruan Taf-cater. Pa [ 359 ) Genus IX. BEEF-EATER. N° 1. African Beef-eater. ILL ftrong, thick, ftrait, nearly fquare: upper mandible a little protuberant ; on the lower a large angle. Tongue. , Toes, three before, one behind; the middle connected to the outmoft as far as the firft joint. Buphaga Africana, Lin. Sy/. i. 154. N° x. Le Pic beuf, Bri/ orn. ii. 437. N° 1. t. 42. f. 2. i Buf. oif. iii. p.175- te 14.—P. exl. 293. HE fize of this bird is that of the crefted Lark: length eight inches and a half. Colour above grey brown, beneath and rump dirty yellow: the bill is in fome yellowifh, with the end red, in others brown; it is in figure nearly fquare, and ten lines in length: the tail is wedge-fhaped; all the feathers are pointed at the end; the.fide feathers are rufous on the infide margins: legs and claws brown. Inhabits Senegal; where this bird is faid to be very fond of the larve of infects, which are enclofed under the fkin, on the backs of the oxen, and alighting on thefe animals, picks them out with the bill, in the fame manner as the Magpie fettles on the backs of fheep, in this country, to pick out the ticks. Briffon feems to be the only one who has feen this bird; from whom, and the Planches enluminées, we have taken our figure. GEenus To AFRICAN BEEF-EATER, Pu. XIE DeEscripTione Piace anp Mannerse Te LESSER ANI, PL. XII. [ 360 J Genus X A 'N:t;: N° «. Leffer A. 2. Greater A. 3. Walking A. : FiIS genus has a comprefied, greatly arched, half oval, thin bill; cultrated at top. Noftrils round. Tongue flat, pointed at the end. ‘Ten feathers in the tail. Toes placed two and two. Crotophaga Ani, Liz. Syf. 1. p. 154. N° 1. Le Bout de Petun, Bri/. orn. iv. p. 177. pl. 18. f. 1. L’Ani des Savanes, Buf. of. vi. p. 420. Petit Bout de Petun, P/..ex/. 102. f. 2. Pfittaco congener 4uz Braf. Razz Syn. p. 35. N° 10.—Ani Braf. Maree. id. p. 185.—Will. orm. p. 120. - Cacalototl. Raid Syn. p. 168. N° 27? Razor-billed Blackbird, Caze/b. Carol. app. pl. 3 *- Great Blackbird, Sloan. Fam. vol. iis ps 298. N° 12. pl. 256. f. 1.— Brown. Fam. p. ATA. Br. Muf. Lev. Muf. Descrt#TiONs About the fize of a Blackbird: length thirteen inches and a half. The bill is of a fingular fhape, about an inch in length, hooked at the end, and much compreffed, rifing to a fharp * The toes are here placed three before and:one behind, no doubt by miftake. ridge 9 PLXUL. : Bey ANG Te ridge at top; the colour of it a brownifh black: the colour of the whole bird is black, in fome parts gloffed with purple, and about the neck faintly tinged with green on the margins: the bafe of the bill is furnifhed with black briftles, which turn for- wards: the eye-lids have long hairs, like eye-lafhes: the tail is fix inches long, and much cuneated: the legs are black: toes placed two before and two behind. This {pecies is found in Famaica, St. Domingo, and other iflands in the Weft-Indies ; alfo at Cayenne, and other parts of South. Ame- rica. Contrary to all other birds, they have the fingularity of many laying in the fame neft; to make which, they all unite in concert, and after laying their eggs, fit on them clofe to each other, in order to hatch them; each unanimoufly ftriving to do the beft for the general good: and when the young are hatched, the parents, without referve, do the beft to feed the whole flock. Still a greater fingularity occurs, which is, that as foon as each fe- male lays her eggs, fhe covers them with leaves *, doing the fame thing whenever fhe is obliged to leave the neft for food: this might be neceflary in a cold climate; but why it fhould be wanted in a hot one, feems not clear, efpecially as it has not been obferved in other birds. It generally has two broods ima year, ex- cept accidents happen; in which cafe, it has been known to make three nefts. The eggs are about the fize of thofe of a Pigeon; of a fea-green colour, fpotted at the ends. _ Their food is various; worms, infects, fruits, and grain t,. ac- cording to the feafon. Both this and the next fpecies. have the * Hift. des oif. + To thefe may he added the ticks which they pick from the backs of oxen, Linn. 3A fame 362 PLacz ano SINGULAK Manwers- Bo GREATER ANI. DescrIPTiON. a ON Oe fame manners, and are continually in a gregarious ftate, from ten to thirty in a flock, whether it be in breeding-time or not. They are not difficult to be fhot, not being fo wild as many other birds; but are known to chatter much on the fight of a man, though they do not fly to a great diftance; hence are not well re- lifhed by fportfmen *, as, like the Jays in England, they are the occafion of hindering his fport in refpect to other game, without making him amends in their own flefh, which is never fought af- ter for food, being rank and unfavoury, Le grand Bout de Petun, Bri/. orz. iv. p. 180. pl. 18. f. 2.—PI. el. N° ro2. f. 1. e L’Ani des Paletuviers, Buf. oif. vi. p. 423. pl. 19.—Orz. de Salerne, Pai7gu NGO. HIS fpecies is larger than the laft, being little inferior to a Jay in fize, and eighteen inches in length. The bill is longer in proportion, and rifes higher on the top, where it is un- equal: the colours are much the fame as in the other, fo that one defcription will ferve for both. We are affured, however, that they are diftinét fpecies, and never mix together; though each have the fame manners, with this difference only, that the fmaller frequent the open favannas, the larger only the falt-marfhes near the fea-coafts. It is faid that they are eafily made tame, and will learn to talk like Parrots. The male and female are both alike. * Sloane Fam, vol. ii. p. 298. Crotophaga iy a 1) 363° Benes Crotophaga ambulatoria, Liz. Sy. i. p. 155. N° 2,. WALKING ANI, HIS, fays Linnzus, is in every thing like the others, except in| Description. the fituation of the toes, which are placed three before and one behind, I muft leave the whole of this on the authority of its author, having never feen fuch a bird; nor have any of my enquiries on this head been more fuccefsful.. Said to inhabit Surinam, Prace,. ZA & Genus Te 4- CINEREOUS WATTLE- BIRD. Pi. XIV. DESCRIPTION. L 364 ] Genus Xl WATTLE-BIRD. N° :. Cinereous Wattle-Bird. HE bill in this genus is incurvated and fornicated, the upper mandible exceeding the lower in length. At the gape of the bill a carunculated wattle, arifing from the under mandible. The noftrils depreffed, half covered by a membrane of a tex- ture fomewhat cartilaginous, and tufted near the ends. The tongue of a fub-cartilaginous texture, divided at the end, or rather deeply ferrated, and ciliated. ee Legs made for walking: toes three before and one * behind : the legs carinated at the back part. Lev. Muf. HIS fingular bird is about the fize of a Jay: the length from bill to tail is fifteen inches. The bill is black, very ftrong, and bent downwards; in length an inch and a quarter: the noftrils are fituated in a hollow at the bafe of the bill, and are half covered by a membranous cartilage, which hangs over them as a cover: from the bafe of the lower mandible, on each fide, * I here take an opportunity of remarking an error of the prefs (for fuch only it can be) in the Genera of Birds, where it is mentioned, that this genus has three toes before, and savo behind, being five in all; a circumftance wholly s#zatural in the feathered tribes. See Gex. of Birds, p.g. 1. 15+ f{prings PLXIV. Opec Wattle OS pal: : < H Wi Anal a ee BT) Re D; iprings a round fubftance, in texture like the wattle of a Cock ; at firft this is of a fine blue colour, but afterwards becomes of a fine orange: the irides are oi a fine mazarine blue: from the forehead to the eye, and between that and the bill, the colour is of a deep black; the reft of the plumage dark afh-colour: the tail pretty long, confifting of twelve feathers, and is cuneiform in fhape, the outer feather being fhorter than the middle one by one inch: the wings, when clofed, reach to the bafe only: the legs are long: and the hind claw much longer than the others. This bird inhabits New Zealand throughout: it is often feen walking on the ground, and fometimes perched on trees, though lefs frequent: its food confifts of various articles ; berries of all kinds, and infects; and, according to the relation of fome, {mall birds alfo. The flefh is good to eat, and was by fome accounted even fa- voury. It has a kind of note not unlike whiftling, and fome- times a kind of murmuring, though not an unpleafing one*. As great a fingularity as any is the tongue, which is by no means like that of any known bird, as will be feen by confulting the op- polite plate. For this account I am indebted to Dr. 7. R. Forfter. © Mr. Forfter, in his Voy. talks of the fhrill notes of Thrufhes, the graver pipe of Wattle-Birds, and the enchanting melody of various Creepers, refounding on all fides. Vol. i. p. 148. GENUS PracE Arn Manners, ww OY AWA 1Q, Ids 12. 13. 14. 15. GENUS Raven. Var. A. Pied R: Var. B. White R, . South-Sea R. . Carrion Crow. Var. A. Variegated Cr. Var. B. White Cr. - Rook. - Hooded Cr.. . White-breafted Cr. - New Caledonian Cr, . Chattering Cr, . Jackdaw.. Var. A, Collared J. Var. B. White f. Var, C. Black J. Hottentot Cr, Alpine, Cr. Philippine Cr. New Guinea Cr. Papuan Cr. Bare-necked Cr, MIE EROW: . Bald Cr. . Pacific Cr: . Tropic Cr. . Jay. Var. A. White Jaye. . Blue Jay. 91. Steller’s Cr. < . Cayenne Jay. . Cinereous Cr. . Red-billed Jay. . Chinefe Jay. . Siberian Jay. . Peruvian Jay. . Yellow-bellied Jay: . Magpie. Var. A. White D°. ; Blue Crow. - Senegal Cr. . Caribbean Cr, . African Cr. . Mexican Cr. Surinam Cr. N° 36, Leffer. Cy Ri OR We N* 36. Leffler Mexican Cr, N° 38. Nutcracker. 37- Short-tailed Cr. 39. Red-legged Cr. Var. A. 40. Cayenne red-billed Cr. Var. B. \ 41. Hermit Cr. Wares HE bill in this genus is ftrong, the upper mandible a little convex, the edges are cultrated, and in moft of the f{pecies is a fmall notch near the tip. Noftrils covered with briftles, reflected over them. Tongue divided at the end. Toes, three forward, one backward; the middie one joined to the outer as far as the firft joint. Different fpecies found in every climate. In general clamorous : promifcuous feeders: build for the moft part in trees: lay about fix eggs. Several fpecies inhabit England, whofe nature is well known, and may ferve to give an idea of the manners of the reft. Corvus corax, Lin. Sy. i. p. 155. N° 2.—Faun. Groen. p. 62. N° 38.— Muller, p. 11. maximus, Scop. dzu. i. p. 34. N° 45. ‘Le Corbeau, Brif. orz. ii. p. 8.— Buf. cif. ili. p, 13. pl. 2.—PZ. eal. 495. Rabe, Frifch. t. 63.—Kram. elen. p. 333- Raven, Raii Syx. p. 39. A. 1.—Will. orn. p. 121. pl. 18.—Aléin. it pl. 20.—Br. Zool. i. p. 218. N° 74.—Amer. Zool. N° Br. Muf. Lev. Muf. HIS is the largeft of the genus, weighing three pounds, and is in length above two feet, in breadth four. ‘The bill is ftrone and thick, nearly two inches and three quarters in 2 length, (ny oY ~a Hemet = RAVEN: DeEscRIPTION: 368 PLACES AND ManneERs. Ge Rs Om WwW. length, and covered with briftles for two thirds of its length, completely hiding the noftrils: the colour of the whole plumage is a fine rich gloffy blue black, the under parts of a more dull and dufky colour. This bird is well known, head not fo common as the other fpecies, in England; itis alfo an inhabitant of many other parts of the world, and every where efteerned for its horrid, though ufeful, appetite for carrion, whereby mankind is relieved from that great fource of putridity and difeafe. We hear of it from Groenland * to the Cape of Good Hope + on the one fide, and from Canada { to Mexico § on the other; and, no doubt, in the inter- mediate places in general, as many authors might be noted to confirm it. It is a crafty bird, not only fcenting the delightful fmell of carrion at a vaft diftance, but alfo very careful of coming within gun-fhot, fo not eafily killed. When brought up young, is very familiar, yet apt to pilfer; often hiding things of value, to the great lofs of the owner, without ufe to itfelf: it is a long- lived bird. It makes its neft early in the fpring, laying five or fix eggs, of a pale blucifh green colour, fpotted with brown. ‘Though it is believed to be fondeft of carrion, yet it is found to deftroy many living animals: rabbets, young ducks, and chickens, fall a prey to it, and not unfrequently Jams which have been dropped in a weak ftate; in that cafe, this bird has been known to pick out the creature’s eyes while yet alive: will alfo fuck eggs, when it can get at them; and, if driven by hunger, will eat Jfoell-ffe, and even worfe things. With us it builds in trees ; but in Groenland and Iceland makes its neft in the holes of rocks, * Faun. Groen, + Kolben Defer. du Cap. p. 136. 4 Charlevoix, Kala § Pernander. compofing 2s. Ce © OW. compofing it of roots and twigs, alone with the bones they have picked, lining it with hair, mofs, &c.—By the above, one may fuppofe their flefh impoffible to be relifhed ; yet in Groenland it is eaten by many, and their fkins ufed by the natives as a covering next the flefh. It muft be an hardy bird, for in the laft-named ifland it is the only one of its race that is met with. Of this fpecies Briffon mentions two varieties. Le Corbeau varie, Brif. orm. li. p. 12. A. - Cacalotl, Fernand. Hift. Nov. Hi/p. p. 48. HIS differs from the other, oniy in having a mixture of white feathers, and inhabits Mexico. Le Corbeau blanc, Bri/. ora. ii. p. 12. B. — Corvus albus, Schwenck. av. Sil. p. 2456 HIS is white throughout, and found in Norway and Ice- land. We have had more than one inftance where the whole brood of a neft have proved white; and I know one at this prefent time, which is nearly white; or very pale buff- colour. ENGTH nineteen inches. Bill remarkably ftrong at the bafe, and much compreffed at the fides; in length two inches and three quarters, and of a black colour: the plumage dufky black: the feathers beneath the chin are of a remarkably — 3B loofe 36 We Var. A. PIED RAVEN. Jo Var. B. WHITE RAVEN. 2. SOUTH-SEA RAVEN. Descriptions 3 PLACE. + CARRION CROW. DescRIPTIONe. Cc oR Of Ww loofe texture: quills brownifh black : tail eight inches long, and black : legs and claws alfo black. ~ Inhabits the Friendly Iles, in the South Seas. Corvus corone, Lin. Syf. 1. p. 155. N° 3.—Muller, p. 11.—Scop. Ann. ie p: 35- N° 36.—Georg. Ruf. N° 2. La Corneille, Brif. orn. ti. p. 12. N° 2.—Buf. oif. iii. p. 45. pl. 3.—Plo enl. 483. Carrion Crow, Rati Syn. p. 39. A. 2.—Will. orm. 122. pla 18.— Albin, vol. ii. pl. 21.—Br. Zool. i. N° 75. pl. 34.—Amer. Zool. No 4 Er. Muf. Lev. Muf. 4 PT HE Crow is like the Raven, both in form and manners, but is much lefs in fize: the length is eighteen inches ; breadth twenty-fix inches ; and weighs a pound and a quarter. ‘The general colour is a fine violet black, but not near fo glofly as that of the Raven. It makes the neft on tall trees, chiefly in woods ; and lays five or fix eges, much like thofe of a Raven. Thefe birds are moft frequently feen in pairs, and are faid to remain fo through life. Like the Raven, are fondeft of carrion and animal food, making great havock of young game of all kinds; and will | pick out the eyes of young defencelefs lambs. The female differsfrom the male in being lefs brilliant. The Carrion Crow is met with in many parts of the world, though not near fo far fpread as the Raven. It is faid to be very fparingly met with throughout the sorthern parts of Europe: in Prufia* not ufual ; and in Sweden + only feen once; in England, France, and Germany, are pretty common. We hear of it at Madeira. Not © Klein. Ord. Aw. Pe 580. + Faun. Suec. p. 29: } Forft. Voy. ps 25% 3 in Gr Ree: On We in Canada * in winter; but common in Louifiana, where they are eaten, according to fome +. Not unlikely to be the Maldivian Crow, mentioned by F. Pyrand. Dampier mentions their being at New Holland and New Guinea}, and, according to our late voyagers, at New Caledonia || likewite. With us, both this bird and the Raven remain the whole year. La Corneille variée, Brif, orn. ii. p. 15. N° 2. A, Bunte Kraehe, Scheckige Kraehe, Fri/ch. t. 66. Corvus varius, Bruz. orn. bor. p. 8. N° 8. HE cheeks, fore part of the neck, middle of the belly, rump, and quills, are white ; the reft black, as in the former. In Brunnich’s bird, the head, bill, legs, coverts of the noftrils, fore part of the neck, belly, and quills from the firft to the feventeenth, were white ; all the other parts black. ’ Both of thefe birds are faid to come from the ifland of Ferree §, where fuch birds are faid to keep feparate from the other com- mon Crows of the ifland. * At leaft at Quebec. ‘‘ Even the Crow does not venture to expofe itfelf in winter, but takes its fight in autumn.’’? Ka/m. Trav. iii. 206. ' + © They are better to eat than thofe of Europe, as they eat no carrion.’? Id. p-111. But again he fays, that they are like the Crows of Sweden; if fo, I fear they will prove to be Rooks, which are as common there as the Crovw is rare. “Id. vol. i. p. 1216 t Tom. iv. p. 138.—Tom. v. p. 81. | Forfter’s Voy. vol. li. p. 402. § M. Salerne mentions one brought from Ferree, whofe feathers were black, white, and grey brown, mixed. Orz. p. 91. N° io. 3B2 La 371 Ze Var. A. VARIt GATED CROW. DEscRIPTION. PLAceE. 372 Cc ROO OW Va Ae B. WHITE CROW. DESCRIPTION. ‘Tes is wholly white, bill and legs not excepted. La Corneille blanche, Brif. orn. ii, p. 15. N° 2.B, PLace. This bird came from Iceland. Schwenckfeld * mentions one among his Silefan birds; and M. Salerne + mentions alfo a white Crow, but in his the colour. was not pure :. the irides were red.. A) Sed Corvus frugilegus, Liz. Sy?.i. p..156. N° 4. +- ROOK... La Corneille moiffonneufe, Bri/. or. ii. p. 16. N° 3. Le Freux, ou la Frayonne, Buf. off. iil. p. 55.—Pl. enl. 484, Schwartze Kraehe, Frifch. t. 64.—Kramer el. p. 333. Rook, Raid Syz. p. 39. A.3.—Will. orn. p. 123.—Albia. ti. pl. 22.—Bro. Zool. i. N° 76.—Amer. Zool. N° Br. Muf. Lev. Muf. DeEscRriPTION. N fize fomewhat bigger than the laft, but the fame in colour :. fcarcely to be diftinguifhed apart, except from the circum- ftance of being bare about the noftrils and root of the bill ; which. parts in the Crow are well clothed with feathers, and the latter with briftly hairs : this arifes from one neceffary part of the man- ners, viz. thrufting the bill into the earth continually, after the various worms. and eruce of infecist, on which it feeds ; for it does not live on carrion, like the laft fpecies and Ravens. Be- fides infects, it alfo feeds on all forts of grain, to fome inconve- nience perhaps to the hufbandman,. but no doubt doubly. repaid. * PR. 243; t Orn. p.o1. N° 9g. t Particularly the Chafer, or Dor-bectle. Scarab. melolonthay Linwe Ge by eRe. We. by the good done him in extirpating the Maggot of the Chafer= beetle, which in fome feafons deftroys whole crops of corn, by feeding on the roots.. This is a gregarious bird; fometimes. being feen in immenfe flocks, fo as to almoft darken the air in their flight ;. which they regularly perform morning and evening, except in breeding-time, when the daily attendance of both male and femaleis required for the ufé of incubation, or feeding the young; for it is obferved that: they do both byturns. As thefe birds are apt to form themfelves into focieties, fuch places as they frequent during the breeding- time are called rookeries; and they generally choofe.a large clump. of the talleft trees for this purpofe; but make fo great a litter, and fuch a perpetual‘ chatter, that nothing but habit, and a length of time, can reconcile one to the noife. The eggs are like thofe of Crows, but lefs, and the fpots larger. They begin to build in March, and after the breeding-feafon forfake their neft trees, go- ing to rooft elfewhere, but have been obferved to. return to them: in Auguft : in Ogfober-they repair their nefts *. In England they remain the whole year; yet. we are told that both in France and Silefia they are birds of paflage +. Whether- they migrate or not in Sweden, we are not told; but Linzeus talks. of their building there {. The young birds are accounted good: eating, efpecially if fkinned, and put in apie. ® Br. Zoli, p..2220.. + Hi, des cif. iit, pe 696 t Faun. Suec. Po 30= Gorvus: 373° MANNERSs. 374 A be «+ HOODED CROW. DescRIPTION. SOO RE OW. Corvus cornix, Lin. Sy. is p. 156. N° 5.—Scop. Auz.i. p. 25. N° 37.— Muller, p. 11. La Corneille mantelée, Bri/. orm. iis p.19. N° 4.—Buf. oi/. iii. p. 61. pl. 4.— PI, exl. 76. : Nebel Kraehe, Fri/ch. t. 65. “Grave Kran, Kranveitl, Kram. p. 333. Royfton Crow, Raiz Syn. p. 39. A. 4.—Will. orn. p. 1246 pl.18.77.—= ~ Albin. ii. pl. 23. Hooded Crow, Br. Zool. i. NOy 77-—Flor. Scot. vol. i. p. 20, pl. 2. Br. Muf. Lev, Mu/. aes {pecies is about the fize of the laft, and twenty-two inches in length. ‘The bill is two inches long: the head, fore part of the neck, wings, and tail, are of a fine gloffy blue black: the reft of the body of a palifh afh-colcur: bill and legs black: the irides hazel: the bottom of the toes broad and flat, to enable them to walk without finking on marfhy and muddy grounds, where they are converfant *. This is an elegant fpecies, and in divers parts of Exgland fufi- ciently plenty in winter; for at the approach of fpring it retires from us to breed elfewhere. It is moft likely that the major part of them go entirely out of England, but perhaps not all, as I have been informed that they have been feen in our northern moun- tainous counties in the fummer. ‘‘ In Scotland they remain the whole year, and is the only fpecies in the ‘flands, and great part of the Highlands, growing {carcer the nearer we approach to the South: keep in pairs, except for fome time after the breeding-fea- fon; is moft affectionate to its mate t.” They are alfo migra- ® Br. Zool. i. p. 224, : + Flora Scot. i. p. 20. tory Cy RY Ok We tory in other countries. Scopoli* obferves this of thofe in Car- niola: they do alfo the fame in Sweden, where they breed, as well as in the fouthern parts of Germany, in the woods of the iflands of the Danube +. It is moft likely the fpecies mentioned by Fryer f, as inhabiting J/pahan in Perfia; and has been brought from the Philippine I/lands by M. Sonnerat ||. Kalm§ mentions a Crow in Pen/ylvania, a variety of the Cor- nix, which is not common in winter; but he gives no further de- feription, confequently leaves.us in the dark as to the {pecies.. The manners of thefe birds coincide with both thofe of the Crow and Rook; with the former feeding, at times on carrion, added to the fame inclination of doing mifchief among defencelefs young birds, and other animals; and frequent the borders of ri- vers, for the fake of the offal caft on fhore, and fhell-fith ** ;.on the other hand, like the Rook, are frequently content with 7#- Jeéts, feeds, and berries. They are gregarious, and. build in trees, laying fix eggs; but feparate into pairs in the. breeding-feafon, after which they again unite in bands. Thefe are often feen in * Ann. Hift. Nat. i. p. 25. + Kramer elen. p. 333. i. © The: Crows here are like our Roytton Crows, grey on their backs and wings.” Fryer’s Travels, po 318. || Hi. des cif, iil. p. 66. note (pf). § This is faid to be very noxious there, living chiefly on corn, {cratching the feeds out of the ground foon after they are fown: when the maize begins to ripen, it makes a hole into the zzvolucrum furrounding the ear, by which means the maize is fpoiled, the rain pafling through it: they alfo fteal young chickens, and are fond of dead carcafes. .'The province of Pen/ylvania had formerly given. three pence, and Nea Fer/ey four pence, a head for one of thefe, but the ex- pences proving too great, are now repealed. Kalm Trav. vol. ii. p. 66. ** Thefe birds are frequent on the fhores of the Thames, both in Kent and. Effex, and are by fome called Efex Croaws. fmall: 375 Manners. 378 GV RO OA Wa ‘fmall flocks near London, where they are feldom much perfecuted, -being fuppofed an ufeful bird. 6. ‘La Corneille du Senegal, Buf. oz/. iii. p. 67.—Pl. enl. 327. “WHITE- Corvus dauricus, Pallas Trav. vol. i. p. 694, N°8 BREASTED RGM ot iy cfe black Ravens with white necks, Of.7ey. vol. CROW. Soke. inefe blac ns with whi cks, aye VOle ie Po 3776 Cbyxeye ha) paijaree-brealted Crow, Fryer’s Trav. p. 21. ‘DescRIPTION. IZE of a {mall Crow: length twelve inches or more. Bill black: the head and throat are black, gloffed with blue: the neck and breaft white: the reft of the body, wings, and tail, blue ‘black : legs lea our: claws black. PLACE > bir a Planches enluminées came from Senegal Po fined to that poe There is no (MANNERS. i nb i? a and dig outs pe, chemi into Pic parts about the Lake Baiko >) oft se abort the | towns and villages on the from Mr. Pennant, in whic! A only the ufual parts, but alfo the belly and vent, were white; a figure of which we have thought fit to add to this work. See Pl, XV. I think PLXV. Bue f x SUI rnd G Jo Ct Re: Ob We Y think there cannot remain a doubt of its being alfo the White-breafted Crow, mentioned in Fryer’s Travels as a bird com- mon in Perfia, though he barely mentions the circumftance. y OENGTH above fifteen inches. Bill fourteen lines long, ftout, and of a black colour; irides pale yellow: eye-lids black: general colour of the plumage cinereous, except the tail, which is five inches in length, and of a black colour: legs black. Inhabits New Caledonia. ‘The defcription taken from a drawing in the collection of Sir Fofeph Banks. La Corneille de la Jamaique, Brif. orn. ii, p. 22, N° 5.—Bauf. oi/, iii. p. 67. j Chattering Crow, or Cacao Walk, Sloan. Fam. vol. ii. pe 298.—Raii Syne p- 181. IZE of a common Crow: length eighteen inches. Bill an inch and a half long, and black; as is the whole plumage and legs. } This bird is common in Famaica, and frequents the moun- tainous parts of that ifland: it makes a chattering noife, different from that of any of the European Crows, and is moft frequent on the north fide of it: it is faid to be very near the common Crow of Exgland in outward appearance, but not ftrictly the fame bird. It feeds on berries, beetles, &c. and by fome is accounted good meat. 3C b Corvus 397 Che NEW CALE; DONIAN CROW. DESCRIPTION. PLace. 8. CHATTERING CROW. DeEscrRiPrion: PLAcE anp - Manners. 378 9. + JACKDAW. DESCRIPTION. MANNERS. Cire OF W.. Corvus monedula, Liz. Sy. i. p. 156. N° 6.—Scop. anmii. p. 360 N° 38 Muller, p. 12. Le Choucas, Brif. orn. ii. p. 24. N° 6.—Buf. otf. iii. p. 69.—PI, enl. 523. Dohle, Grave Dohle, Kram. el. p. 334.—Frifch. pl. 67. Jackdaw, Raii Sys. p. 40, A. 52—Will. orn. p. 125+ ple 19.—Albia. io pl. 14,—Br. Zool. i. N° 81. pl. 34. Br. Muf. Lev. Muf. HE Jackdaw is about the fize of a fmall Pigeon, though. not fo thick in the body:. the length is full thirteen inches.. The bill an inch and a quarter. long,.and black :. the irides are white: the forehead and crown of the head, fides, round the eyes,. and the chin,.are of a gloffy black : the hind head and back part of the neck of an elegant cinereous grey, which paffes on each fide to the breaft, where it is much darker: the reft of the plumage is of a gloffy black, though inclining to dufky beneath ; the legs are black. Thefe birds. are pretty common in Exgland, where they remain the whole year: they fcarce ever build the neft in trees, but are in- clined to make ufe of rocks, old towers, and ruined edifices, which are out of the reach of plundering boys ; and are known to build in. the interftices between the upright pillars of Stonebenge, in Wilt- feive*. They lay five or fix eggs, which are paler, fmaller, and have fewer fpots on them, than thofe of Crows, Thefe are fre- quently and eafily brought up tame; are accuftomed to hide that part of their food which they cannot eat, and often, with it, fmall valuables, occafioning fufpicions of theft, for the prefent, in fome * Pennant alfo obferves, that they make ufe of rabdet-holes in fome parts of Hampjhire. See Br. Zool. i. p. 2316 & perfons, Cy Re OF We 379 perfons, which have afterwards proved unjuft: this I have known to happen more than once. I do not find that this fpecies is fo widely fpread as many others of the genus. Befides our own ifland, we hear-of it in Denmark, France, Aufiria, and many other parts of Germany, where it is more or lefs migratory. It is fubject to much variety in plumage. Le-Choucas a Collier, Brif. orn. il. p. 27. A. 9. Helvetian Daw, Charlt. Ex. p. 75. N° 7.—Oxom. p. 68. N° 7.—Aldrov. Var. A. B ‘ : COLLARED av, tom. i. fig. in p. 774.—Fohuf, av, t. 16. (called Graculus.) JACKDAW. aps differs merely in having a collar of white round the neck, and is found in Swtzerland. Le Choucas blanc, Brif. orz. ii. p. 27. B. 9. Monedula candida, Schwenck. av. Sil. p. 305.—Rxac. Aud. Hiff. Pol, Var. B. + 396. + WHITE Bey 39 JACKDAW. 7 HIS variety is wholly white, with a yellowifh bill. Le Choueas noir, Brif. orn. ii. po 28. N° yap oif. iii. pe 69.— 9. Pl. exl, 522. Var. C. Schwartze dohle, Fri/ch. t. 68. ] one Chough, Charlt. ex. & onom. p. 67. N° 3.—Sibbald Scot. het p. 2. : lib, iii. p. 15. ft Bee differs from the commen Jackdaw, merely in wanting Description. the greyifh tinge about the head, in being fmaller, and having many fpots of white about the eyes, which have blueith Bue) 2 irides, 380 Cee Re Oo Wis irides. . This is faid to be called by the Englih Cuoucu ;” but Sibbald is the only one who names it thus. I cannot ie it here, but as a variety of the common. Befides the above, I find-one mentioned by Schwenckfield, which was like the common Jackdaw; except in the wings, which were - white, and the bill crooked: One, now in the Leverian Mu/feum, was like the common ones in all things, except the bill; both mandibles of which croffed each other, as in the Crofsbill: and in the mufeum of Dr. Hunter is a bird of this fpecies, whofe plumage is of a buff-colour, but darkeit about the head: the bill is quite pale, but natural; and: the fhoulders white.. Corvus Hottentottus, Liz. Sy. i. p. 155. N° re 10% HOTTENTOT Le Choucas du Cap de bonne Efperance, Bri/. orn. il. p. 33. ple 2. f.2% CROW. Pl. enl. 226. Le Choucas mouftache, Buf. o/: ii. p. 79-- DeEscriPT10N. IZE of a Blackbird: length eleven inches and a quarter. Bill an inch.and a half long, black, and a little bent: the feathers about the noftrils are like black velvet: above thefe, at the corners of the mouth, arife fome long hairs, above three inches in length: ; and befides thefe; at- the corners of the mouth are others, which are much fhorter, and ftiff, like briftles: the fea- thers on the head, throat, and neck, are of a fhining black green: thofe on the uppef part of the neck are narrow, and longer than the reft, falling over the back, and waving with every motion thereof: the reft of the plumage is greenifh black, changing to blue in fome parts: the legs and claws are black. Paces Inhabits the Cape of Good Hope. Corvus CG Re, (O= | We Corvus pyrrhocorax, Bin. Sy. i. p. 158. N° 17. Le Choucas des Alpes, Brif. orn. ii. p. 30. N° 8. pl. 1. f. 2.—Buf. oi/- iii. p: 76. pl. 6.—PI. el. 531. IZE of a Jackdaw: length fifteen inches. Bill like that bird, but a little more elongated; an inch and a quarter in length, and yellow. The bird is wholly of a black colour: legs and claws bhack ; but in fome the legs are yellow. Inhabits the 4ips. Is not the fame bird with the Cornifh Chaugh. It has a fharp, difagreeable voice. Lives on grain, and does much damage to the harveft. The flefh pretty good eating. Corvus balicafius, Liz. Sy. i. p. 157. N° 11. Le Choucas des Philippines, Brif. ora. ii. pow 31. N° g. ple 23 f 1—- PI. exl. 603. Le Balicaffe des Philippines, Buf. oi/. iii. p. 83. IZE of a Blackbird: length ten inches. Bill black: plumage ° black, gloffed with green: tail nearly four inches long, and much forked: legs and claws black. Inhabits the Philippine Ifles; where it is called Bal-Caffo. Sings well. Ihave feen one of thefe, which came from the Cape of Good Hope.. Le Choucas de la Nouvelle Guinée, Buf. oi/. iii. p. 80.—PI. enl. 629. 7 FNGTH one foot: fize of a Jackdaw. Bill ftrong and blackifh: the forehead, and all round the bill, black, which pafles in a ftreak through the eyes, and a little behind them: head, . 381 Eloi ALPINE CROW. DEscRIPTIONe. Place, 12. PHILIPPINE CROW. DEscriIpTion. Piace. 13. NEW GUINEA CROW. DEscRIPTIONe PLACE. TAs PAPUAN CROW. DescripTi0Nn. PLACE. 15. ‘BARE-NECKED CROW. DeEscriPTi0ONe - Pracs. Oe RY Oe OWE ‘head, neck, back, and upper part of the breaft, dark ath-colour: wings dufky, edged with white: the lower part of the breaft, belly, thighs, and vent, the lower part of the back, rump, and upper tail coverts, are white, tranfverfely barred -with black: the tail black: legs rather fhort and dufky. Inhabits New Guinea. Ge Choucari de la Nouvelle Guineé, Buf. off. iii. p. 81.—P/.-enl. 630. ENGTH eleven inches. Bill almoft an inch long, and: yel- lowifh ; the top of the upper mandible not rounded, but an- gular: the plumage greyifh afh-colour, paleft beneath: belly white : quills blackifh brown: legs fmall and afh-coloured : claws fhort. Inhabits New Guinea, with the laft. IZE of a Jackdaw. ‘Bill broad at the bafe; colour of it dufky blue: the head is covered with a kind of hood, like black velvet, compofed of ftrait, fhort, jagged, and very foft feathers ; thefe are thinly placed on the neck, on the fore part, and almoft bare on the fides and behind: the reft of the plumage is alfo black, but the feathers as ufual in other birds: fome of the wing coverts and quills light grey. Buffox mentions, that the toes feemed to have been placed naturally all forwards, for there was a membrane between the hind toe and the inner one, and it had been forced behind by the perfon who put it into attitude. This came from Cayenne. Le om Rr O f Ww. Le Choucas chauve; Buf. oi/ iii. p. 80. Pl. eal: 5213 Lev. Muf, IGGER than the laft:: length thirteen inches. The bill ftrong, rather bent, and of a dufky black : the plumage on the upper part of the body is of a ferruginous brown; beneath paler, more inclining to red, as are the upper tail coverts :. legs dufky.. The great fingularity of this bird confifts in the fore part of the head, which, as. far as the crown,-and beyond the eyes, is totally bare. of feathers :.the chin is fparingly covered with them. Whether this baldnefs is the effect merely of rooting into the ground with: its bill, like the Rooks in Ezgland; or whether fo formed by. nature, cannot well be determined; it may perhaps be the firft cafe, as we know that the bill of the Rook is, while young, as completely clothed with briftles, which cover the nof- trilg, and with feathers at the root of it, as the Crow; let us therefore.conclude it-to be the fame with this bird, till experience fhall evince the contrary.. Inhabits.Cayenne. Manners totally unknown. Lev. Muf,. ENGTH teninches-and a half; Bill ftrait, fomewhat bent at the end, and notched near the tip; colour of it black: the plumage on the upper part of the body is cinereous, beneath - paler, verging to reddifh brown: forehead and throat paleft of all, almoft approaching to white; among the feathers of this laft part are fome flender. hairs: hind head and nape dufky black: quills 383 16. BALD CROW. DeEscRIPTION, \ Prace. 17. PACIFIC CROW. DEscCRIPTIONe 384 PLAcE. 18. TROPIC CROW. BEscRIPTION. Pracz. DESCRIPTION. Cr R) (Qi WG quills of this laft colour; the tips dirty white; the tail is alfe black, with dirty white tips, all but the two middle feathers, which are plain’black : legs and claws black. Inhabits the South Seas, but the particular place uncertain. YF ENGTH twelve inches and a half. Bill an inch and a quar- ter in length; at the bafe pretty broad, and the tips of both mandibles notched: the plumage is of a glofiy black above, but of a dull black on the under parts: the wings and tail are black, with a glofs of green; the laft rounded: vent and fide feathers tipped with dufky white: legs and claws black. From O-why-hee, one of the Sandwich Ifands, in the South Seas. ‘Defcribed from a bird in the poffeffion of Sir Fofeph Banks. Corvus glandarius, Liz. Sy/?.i. p. 156. N° 7.—Scop. anu.i. p. 36. N° 390 —Mull. p. 12. Le Jeay, Brif. orn. ii. p. 47. N° 1.—Buf. cif. iii. p. 107. pl. 8.—PL, enl. 481. Holtz-{chreyer, Eichen-heher, Nufs-heher, Fri/ch. t. 55. Nufs-heher, Kramer el. p. 335+ Ghiandaia, Oliz. ucc. p. 35¢ Jay, Raii Syn. p. 41. A. 2.—Wiil. orn. p. 130. pl. 19.—Albiw, i pl. 16. —Br. Zool]. 1. N° 79. Br. Muf. Lev. Mu. WAHIS beautiful bird weighs feven ounces: it is in length thir- teen inches. The bill is above an inch and a quarter long, ftout, and black: the irides white: the head is crefted; the fea- thers on the forehead are white dafhed with black: the chin is white; G2 Oo vw white: from the angles of the mouth a broad ftreak of black paffes under the eye: the hind part of the head, the fides, the neck and breaft, back, and fcapulars, are of a vinaceous buff-colour: the leffer wing coverts of a light bay; the greater are moft ele- gantly barred with arich blue and black alternate, the reft black ; the quills are part afh-colour, part black, with the bafe of fome, and the edges of others, white; the inner ones cheftnut, with black tips: the rump is white: the tail black, with dufky edges, and the outer ones wholly dufky: the legs are brown. This fpecies is very common in our woods, and is well known to be a very reftlefs, noify bird, frequently depriving the anxious gunner of his mark, by alarming too foon his deftined victim ; for the moment it {pies any perfon, it fets up a harfh, chattering, fcream, whereby its affociates, and all others, know that an enemy is near. Jays build chiefly in woods, making the neft of fticks, fibres of roots, and tender twigs, and lay five or fix eggs, of the fize of a Pigeon’s, cinereous olive, marked with pale brown. The young keep with the old ones till the next pairing time, in fpring, when they choofe each his mate to produce their future progeny. In general they feed on acorns, nuts, feeds, and fruits of all kinds ; but will fometimes deftroy young chickens, and eggs, and will alfo take away birds that have been caught in a trap, or entangled with birdlime. They are often kept in cages, and will talk pretty well; but with this lofe that beauty fo confpicuous in the wild ftate, fo as fearcely to be known for the fame bird. The Jay, I believe, is not fptead fo far as many others of the genus, as we do not hear of its inhabiting further fouth than Italy and Greece. Belon has given us a Greek name* for it. Ie * Maaanoxeavers, The modern Greek name is Kaganata, Hi/t, des vif. iii, p. 107. 3D is PLACE AND Manners. 29. Var. dA. + WHITE JAY. DeEscRIPTIONe. 20e + BLUE JAY. DeEscRIFFION, Ce SO We. is alfo found in Denmark, and mentioned likewife as a Ruffian fpecies. It is found in Scotland, as well as in England, but not in the iflands adjacent. Le Geay blanc, Brif. orm. ii. p. 51. A. i HIS is wholly white, the bill and legs not excepted, and the- irides red. I have fuch an one in my collection, which was. found in the neft, with four others of the common colour. Corvus criftatus, Liz. Sv. i. p.1s7. N? 8. Le Geay blen de Canada, Bri/. orm. il. p. 55. N° 4.—Bu/f. oi/. iil. p. 120%. PI. enl. 529. Blue Jay, Care. Car. i. pl. 15.—Edw. pl. 239.— Amer. Zool. N°: Br. Muf. Lev. Mv.. Mec fmaller than our Jay: length eleven inches. Bill ' black, above an inch long: the head is crefted and blue: round the bafe of the bill black :. a ftreak of the fame paffes on each fide through the eyes, below the creft, and behind it; and then tending forwards unite to form. a crefcent on the breaft: the fides of the head and throat are of a blueifh white, and there is a fpot of the fame over the eye: hind part of the neck and back. blue: wings and tail the fame; all the feathers of the laft, except the two middle ones, tipped. with white, and the feathers. -of both it and the wings elegantly barred with black: the greater coverts and fecond quills tipped with white: the breaft is of a bloffom-colour: the belly and under tail coverts white: legs 5 dufky OY Re OF We dufky brown: the tail nearly as long as the reft of the bird. Fhe colours of the female are lefs bright than thofe of the male. This inhabits North America, to which I believe it is peculiar, but not feen farther north than the town of /bany: very com- mon at New York, and in New England throughout, in April or May. It builds in fwamps, along with the red-winged Oriole and others, and has a foft delicate note. Its food is. bazel-uuts, cheft- nuts, and fach like, which, like the Nutcracker, it breaks by placing between the feet, and pecking with the bill till the fhell gives way. It is alfo very fond of maize, and being a gregarious bird, often unites into flocks of twenty thoufand at leaft, which alighting on a field of ten or twelve acres, foon lays wafte the whole; hence reckoned the moft deftructive bird in that country. Will often take up with /wails and vermin through necefflity, but not while any thing they like better is to be got at. It is not accounted good to eat. LENGTH fifteen inches. Bill an inch and a half; colour black ; juft at the gape are five or fix black briftles: the head is crefted; the creft is above two inches in length, compofed of narrow brown feathers; the general colour of the reft of the plumage is purplifh black, inclining to green on the rump: half of the wing coverts are of a brownifh black, the others of a deep blue; the fecond quills are alfo of this laft colour, croffed with eight or nine bars of black, in the manner of the blue Jay; the greater quills are black, with the outer edges blue green: the fore part of the neck and breaft dufky : belly and vent pale blue: 3, D2 the 387 PLace anb MANNERS. 21» STELLERS CROW. DEscRIPTIONe 338 PLACEe 22. SAYENNE JAY. DEscRIPTION. PLAez, CieRy VOU WS the tail is fix inches long, flightly wedged in fhape, the outer feather being fhorter than the middle one by an inch; the colour of it deep blue; the thafts of all the feathers black: the legs are black. This bird has been noticed before by SteWer. The fpecimen from which the above defcription is taken, came from Nootka Sound*, where it was met with by our laft voy- agers, and is in the collection of Sir Fofeph Banks. Corvus Cayanus, Liz. Sy. i. p. 157. N° 9. Le Geay de Cayenne, Bri/. orn. ii. p. 52. N°2. pl. 4» f. 1.—=Pl. enh 3730 Le Blanche-coiffe, ou le Geay de Cayenne, Buf..oi/. iii. p. 118- Lev. Muf. - ENGTH thirteen inches: fize of our Jay. Bill an inch and a quarter long, and grey; the feathers which furround it, the forehead, cheeks, throat, and lower part of the neck, are black: part of thofe on the forehead fall forward on the bill, and the reft ftand upright, and are pretty ftiff: on each fide of the head are three white fpots; the firft above the eye, the next beneath it, and the third at the bafé of the lower mandible: the back and wings are violet, with a tinge of afh-colour? the tail rounded, of a violet-colour, with brown edges and white tips, except the two middle ones, which are violet brown : legs and claws grey. This inhabits Cayenne. * Perhaps not far different from one mentioned by Cooke, met with-in New Ca- kedenia, and defcribed thus: a kind of Crow, not half fo big; the feathers tinged with blue. Cooke’s Voy. vol, il. ps 124. Corvus, a CeiR a OG. We Corvus Canadenfis, Eiz. Sy?. i. p. 158. N° 16. Le Geay brun de Canada, Bri/f. orn. ii, p. 54. N° 3. pl. 4. £. 2.— Buf, oif. iii. p. 117-—Pl. enl. 530. Cinereous Crow, Phil. Tranf. vol. Ixii. p. 386.—Amer. Zool. N° Lev. Muf. ESS than our Jay: length nine inches: breadth eleven < weight two ounces. The bill is blackifh, and not quite an. inch long: irides black: the forehead and throat are of a dirty yellowifh white: hind head and fides blackifh brown: neck whitifh: upper parts of the body brown, beneath pale afh, paleft on the breaft : quills and tail brown, tipped. with white: tail a little wedged: legs and claws blackifh. Male and female alike. Thefe inhabit Canada; are frequent near Hudfon’s Bay, where they are called Whifkijobn and Whifkijack ; breed early in the fpring, build in pine-trees, and have two, and rarely three, young at atime. The eggs are blue. They are not gregarious. Their food black mofs, worms, and flefh. Are very bold pilfer- ing birds, ftealing from the traveller even /a/t meat, and devour: often the bait from the traps fet for the Martins, as foon as the perfons who fet them turn their backs. Lay up ftores for win- ter, at which time they are feldom feen, unlefs near habitations.. They do not bear confinement well. What natural note they have we are not told, but are faid to a€& the mocking bird, in: imitating that of others.. 389 23. i CINEREOUS CROW. DeEsCRIPTIONe PLACE AND Manners, « 39? 2he RED-BILLED JAY. Description. Prace. Zhe CHINESE JAY. DEscRIPTION. GYR 10 ee W. Geai de la Chine a bec rouge, Buf. off. iii. p. 115.— Pl. ent. 622. ARGER than our Jay. Bill red: fore part of the head, the neck, and breaft, velvet black: hind part of the head and neck of a light grey, mixing irregularly with the black on the fore part of the head: the body is brown. above, and whitifh be- neath, with a light tinge of violet over all, which is moft confpi- cuous on the wings, and leaft on the belly : the tail is cuneiform, and the wings reach to about one-third of its length: each fea- ther of the wings is of three colours, viz. light violet at the bafe, black in the middle, and white at the end: the legs are red: the claws whitifh, long, end hooked, with the point black. Inhabits China. UCH the make of a Jay, and about the fame fize. The bill blueith lead-colour: crown of the head brown: over each eye a line of white; through the eye, and behind it, a ftreak of black: on the ears is a patch, compofed of a mixture of blueifh and white, and this is encircled with black all round, which black, at the under part defcends downwards on each fide, form- ing a crefcent on the throat, within which the chin is white: the upper part of the neck and body are of a rufous bloffom-colour : fecond quills and tail brown; the laft long and cuneiform; near the end is a band of black, and each feather tipped with a ant white roundifh fpot: the legs lead-colour. This defcription I took from fome beautiful drawings of Chi- -nefe birds, in the poffeffion of the late Dr. Fothergill. Le © FF OG. Ww. Le Geai de Siberie, Buf. oi. ili, p. 118.—P, exl. 608. ESS than a Jay: length ten inches. Bill one inch long, like that of a Jay, and dufky: the forehead, fides of the head, chin, and fore part of the neck, are pale, with a tinge of blue on the fides of the head, and a fhade of buff on the breaft: the top of the head is. brownifh black, and fomewhat crefted: body above, and wings, cinereous, verging to brown on the back: the breaft, under parts of the body, and the rump, ferruginous orange: the quills cinereous: the two middle tail feathers the fame ; the others orange: the legs cinereous. Inhabits Sideria ; but its manners are totally unknown, Le Geai du Perou, Buf. oi/. iii. p. 116. N° zs ——-- Pi. en]. 625.. | Bes is a bird of fingular beauty. The bill is dufky; the bafe is furrounded with a fine blue, paffing alittle behind 391. 26. - SIBERIAN JAY. DESCRIPTION» PLACE. 27. PERUVIAN JAY. DeEsCRIPFION. the eye, and below it on:each fide; the upper part of the body is. - light green, from the middle of the back to the end of the tail, fix of the middle feathers of which are of that colour; but changes. forwards by degrees to-blueifh, and finifhes at the top of the head; which has a:kind‘of white crown on it :: the breatt, belly, and three * outfide tail feathers, are of a jonquil yellow: on the throat, and fore part ofthe neck, is a patch of feathers, imi- * Four in the Pi, en/s tating 28. ‘ YELLOW- BELLIED JAY. DESCRIPTION. Priact. 29. «- MAGPIE. DescererTion. GRY Qo W. tating black velvet: the tail is more cuneated than that of the Siberian Fay. This bird, Buffon fays, has not yet appeared in Europe; but he does not tell us how he came by the defcription. Le Garlu, ou Geai 4 ventre jaune de Cayenne, Buf. cif. ili. ps 119.— Pl. enl. 249. ; ap Re length of this {pecies is nine inches. The bill ftout, like that of a Jay, and of a dufky black: the upper parts of the head and its fides, the neck, and back, are of a greenifh brown: on the middle of the crown is a golden yellow ftreak : over each eye is a ftreak of white, beginning at the upper mandi- ble, and paffing on each fide almoft to the hind head: the chin is white; the reft of the under parts fine yellow: the wings and tail reddifh brown, with paler margins: the legs are flender, fhort, and of a Jead-colour. This inhabits Cayenne. Corvus pica, Lin. Sy. i. p. 157. N° 13.—Scop. ann. 1. p. 38. N° 41.—= Mull. p. 12. La Pie, Brif. orn. ii. p. 35. N° 1.—Buf. oi/. iii. p. 85. pl. 7.—Pl. en. 488. Aelfter, Fri/ch. t. 58.— Kram. el. p. 335. Magpye, or Pianet, Raiz Syn. p. 41. A. 1.—Will. orn. p. 127. pl. 19.— Albin. i. pl. 15.—Br. Zool. 1. N° 78.—dm. Zool. N° “Br. Muf. Lev. Mu. HIS meafures in length above eighteen inches, and weighs eight or nine ounces, The bill is black: irides hazel: the {capulars, and all the under parts from the breaft, are white: the 2 reft Cy Ro Oc We reft of the plumage, wings, and tail, black, gloffed with green, purple, and blue, in different lights: the eleven firft quills are white in the middle, on the inner web, leflening by degrees as they advance inwards: the tail is very cuneiform, the two middle feathers being near eleven inches in length, and the outmoit only five inches and a half: the legs are black. We can form no judgment of the beauties of this bird, from thofe dirty, mutilated fpecimens, which we fee expofed daily in a wicker cage, at every ftall: ’tis only in a ftateof nature that they can be found; and whoever views them in this ftate, will do fo with aftonifhment; for though the colours, at a diftant view, feem to be mere black and white, yet the fplendor that accompanies, in every new fituation, the eye of the beholder, will oblige him to own, that there is not a more beautiful bird in England. {n thefe parts it is every where common. I have been able to trace this bird no farther fouth than Italy on the Exropean conti- nent; and to the north, Sweden and Denmark. Forfter met with it at Madeira; and it is alfo feen in America, but not common, and is a bird of paflage in thofe parts. At Hudfon’s-Bay it is called by the Indians Oue-ta-kee-afke, which fignifies Heart-Bird ; but for what reafon, I could never learn. In manners it approaches to the Crow, feeding almoft on every thing in turn, both animal and vegetable ; and, like that, will kill young ducks and chickens, and fuck the eggs. It builds its neft with art, making a thorny cover at top, leaving a hole on the fide for admittance: lays fix or feven pale greenifh eggs, thickly {potted with black. It is a crafty bird in every ftate, and, if brought up young, becomes exceedingly familiar, and will talk a great many fentences, as well as imitate every noife within hear- ang, like a Parrot, but not near fo plain, gE Le 393 PLACES ANB MANNERS» 394 29s Var A. WHITE MAGPIE. 30s. BLUE CROW. DeEscripTion. PLack and. ManseErs. 31. AFRICAN? CROW, ~ Dascraprions c R OO. W, La Pie blanche, Brif. orm i. p. 39: A. pl. 3. f. to fp ale is a mere variety of the laft, differing only in colour. being wholly of a pure white.. Corvus cyanus, Pallas trav. vol. i. p. 664. N° 7 IZE of the Rock Skrike, with which it agrees in the loofe tex= ture of its feathers. The top of the head, as far as the nape,, is of a fhining glofly deep black: body afh-colour, paleft be- neath: wings and tail of a moft beautiful blue; the laft very long, the feathers fhortening by degrees, like thofe of a. Magpie, and white at the tips. Inkabits Dauria, where it arrives in flocks in April; and has the manners. of the Magpie, building its neft after the fame manner. It is a very timorous. bird, and withall a crafty,, noify,, clamorous: fpecies.. Corvus afer, Lim Spf. i. p. 157. N° 125 Senegalenfis, Liz. Syf.i. p..157. N° 14% La Pie du.Senegal, Brif. orn. ii. p. 40. N° z.-pl. 3. f..2s—Buf, otf. iik- p- 97-—FPA. enl. 538.. | ENGTEL fourteen: inches: fize of our Magpie. Bill near an: inch. and a. half long, and black :: general: colour of the plimage violet black above, and dufky black beneath: the quills. and tail feathers are brown, with violet black edges: the tail cu- 2: neated,, Cor RY, Oe, Ws neated, fhorter than in our Magpie, the outer feather only four’ inches in length: legs black. _Inhabits Senegal. Le Rollier des Antilles, Brif. ors. ii. p. 8. N° 6. La Pie des Antilles, Buf. of. iii. p. 101. 129. Pica Perfica Aldrov. Raii Syn. p. 4. N° 6? — Antillarum, — Pp» 152. IZE of a Magpie. The bill is red: the head and neck blue; the laft furrounded with a white collar: from the top of the head, beginning at the bafe of the bill, and paffing behind the neck quite to the back, is a white mark, one inch in breadth, and three in length, tranfverfely barred with black: the back and fca- pulars are ferruginous: rump and upper tail coverts yellow: un- der parts of the body white: the leffer coverts of the wings cheftnut; the middle ones green, with deeper edges: the greater coverts blue, with whitith edges and fhafts: quills blue green: the tail is long and cuneated; the two middle feathers longer than thofe of the outfide by eight or ten inches; the colour blue, ftriated with white: the legs are red. The female differs, in wanting the tranfverfe ftripes on the white mark at the back part of the head; and having the wing coverts green, where they are blue inthe male. Tt is faid to inhabit the Axéilles, and to be common about the rivers of Guadaloupe. This is defcribed from dz Tertre*. That of Aldrovandus, which he defcribes from a painting, had a whitith * Hift, des Antilles, ii, p. 258. fig. in p. 246. N° 6. 2E2 bill, 395 PLACE. 32. CARIBBEAN CROW. DuascreieTieNe FEMALE PLACE. 33° AFRICAN CROW. DescriPpTiION. PLACE. 346 MEXICAN CROW. DescripTioONn. € ROW. bill, white irides, blueith legs, and the fecondary quills, rump, and bafe of the tail, yellow *. I cannot therefore fuppofe them to be the fame bird, though Brifon has fo placed them in his fy- nonyms. Lev. Muf. LENGTH one foot ten inches. Bill red: the head and neck of a dark purple; the firft fomewhat crefted; each feather tipped with grey, as far as the hind head: back brown: belly dirty pale afh-colour: quills blueifh on the outer edges: tail much cuneated; the two middle feathers are twelve inches long, the outer ones fhort; all of them tipped with white: the legs’ are red. This fpecies is faid to come from 4frica, and appears to have amuch fimilarity with the laft defcribed, if not the fame bird; wanting, however, in one part of the defcription, that the rump is not yellow. La grande Pie du Mexique, Bri/- orn. ii. p. 43. N° 4, L’Hocifana, Buf. oi/. iii. p. 103. Hoitzanatl, Raii Syx. p. 162. Criard, Pernstty Voy. aux Malouines, vol. i. p. 185+ IZE of a Jackdaw. Bill black: the plumage wholly blue ™ black: legs and claws black; the laft very long. ® This feems to be the black and yellaw Oriole ? 6 Inhabits CY oR O07 Ws Inhabits Mexico. Said to be perpetually chattering, with a {trong and founding voice, and frequents the neighbourhood of Cities *. Surinam Daw, Brown’s illuf. t. 10. IZE of a common Crow. Bill dufky: head deep green; hind part rich blue; beneath that pale green; beneath each ear, and on the hind part of the neck, a fpot of the fame: neck, breaft, belly, back, and wing coverts, deep changeable green: prime quills dufky; ends rich blue: tail dufky: legs flefh- colour. Inhabits Surinam. In the collection of M. Tunjftal, Efq. The fpecimen had loft its tail. La petite Pie du Mexique, Brif. orm. ii. p. 44. N° 5. Le Zanoe, Buf. cif: ili. p. 106. Tzanahoei, feu Pica Mexic. Hernand. Raii Syn. p. 162. IZE of our Magpie. Bill black: the body is covered with blackifh feathers: head and neck incline to fulvous: tail very Jong: legs and claws black. Inhabits Mexico, where it is faid to have all the manners of the Magpie, as well as cunning; learning to talk like that bird ; and adds, that its natural cry is not unlike that of a Starling. * Thefe muft be the Criards which Pernetty talks.of at the ifle of St. Carha- rine, on the coaft of Brafl, whofe plumage was of a fine light blue. They were, fays he, the common Crow of the country, and are like it in @ Lene 3 but are not a bit better to eat. Corvus 39/ Poacr, 35. SURINAM CROW. DeEscrepTions PLACE. 36- LESSER MEXICAN CROW. DeEscRIPTION. Place. 398 37: SHORT- TAILED CROW. DESCRIPTIONy PLAceE. 37° Var. A. DESCRIPTION. PLack. Cyr Ru Oust, Wi ry Corvus brachyurus, Liz. Syf, i. p. 158. N° 15. Le Merle verd des Moluques, Br¢/: orn. ii. p. 316. N° 56. pl. 32. f. 5° Breve de Bengale, Buf. oi/, iil. p. 414. Merle de Bengale, Pé. cxl. 258. IZE of a Blackbird: length feven inches. Bill grey brown: corners of the mouth orange: irides whitifh: head and throat black: over the eye a fulvous ftripe, from the noftrils to the hind head: hind part of the neck, the back, and fcapulars, fine green : throat, neck, breaft, belly, fides, and thighs, fulvous: under the wings black: leffer wing coverts fhining blue green ; greater ones the fame as the back: quills black; on the fix firft a white fpot about the middle: tail not above an inch in length, black, tipped with green: legs long, orange: claws dirty red. Inhabits the Molucca Tfles. Le Merle 4 téte noire des Moluques, Brif. ora. il. p. 319. N° 57. pl. 32. f. 2. Breve des Philippines, Buf. oif. iii. p. 413. N°. Merle des Philippines, P/. ex/. 89. IZE lefs than the laft: length fix inches anda quarter. Bill brown: head, throat, and neck, black : back and fcapulars deep ereen: breaft, upper part of the belly, and fides, paler ereen: lower part of the belly black, tipped with rofe-colour : under tail coverts rofe-colour: rump, upper tail coverts, and upper wing coverts, fhining blue green: quills black at the bafe, then white, terminated with black brown: leffer quills blackifh, with the inner webs tipped with green, and fome quite green: tail black: legs light brown. Inhabits the Molucca I/les, with the laft. € R O W. Ea Breve, Buf. oif. ii. p. 413. N° 2 Madras Jay, Raii Syz. p. 195. N° 12. t. 1. N° 103 Bengal Quail, A/biz. vol. i. pl. 31+ Short-tailed Pye, Eda. pl. 324. CIZE of the others. The bill is brownith flefh-colour: the head is not black, as in the laft, but only three bands of that co- Jour; one of which begins at the bafe. of the upper mandible, paffing over the crown of the head, and down the neck, quite to the back, and one on each fide of the head,. beginning at the cor= ner of the mouth, and:paffing under the eye, down the fides of the neck, to the back : above the eye is a ftripe of orange browns. through the eye a white line, and another of white under the. black line on the fides of the neck.;. fo that the fucceffion of co- lours on each fide, beginning from the black at the top, is: orange brown, white, black, and again white: the back and wing. coverts are green: tail coverts and leffer wing coverts blue: green: quills and tail black; the firft white in the middle, tipped. with yellowifh; the fecond with: ereen: all beneath, from the throat to the tail, is buff-colour; reddifh near the vents. legss reddifh yellow. : Inhabits Cey/on,.in the Eaft Indies.. Breve de Madagafcar, Buf. oi/. iil. p..414. N° 4s. Merle des Moluques, P/. exl. 257; HE head of this variety is ftill different fromthe others; The sop is. blackiffy brown,.with alittle. yellow on the back part and 399: 87. Win B,. DEscRIPTIn_ > Pracss. 37° Vars G;. Drescraprien- 420 38. NUT- CRACKER, -PDescriPTioN.e PLA@ES, Ci Ry 10) NY and fides; this is bounded by a crefcent of black, which en-~ circles the neck behind: there are alfo two bands of the fame colour, which paffing beneath the eyes, terminate at the corners of the mouth: the tail tipped with blue green: the wings, as in variety A: the breaft white and yellow: and under the body yellow brown. | Corvus caryocatattes, Liz. Sy. i, pe 157. N° 10.—Scop. ann. 1. p. 37. N° 40.—Muller, p. 12. Le Caffe noix, Bri/. orn. iis p. 59. N°1. pl. g. f. 1.— Buf. cif. iii. p. 1220 pl. 9.—P/. enl. 50. 3 Tannen-Heher, &c. Frifch. t. 56. Waldftarl, Steinheher, Kram. el. p. 334. Caryocatactes, Razi Syn. p. 42.-—Will. orn. p. 132. pl. 20. Nutcracker, Edw. pl. 240.—Br. Zool. ii. app. p. 625. pl. 3.—Am. Zool, No Br. Mu/. Lev, Muf. IZE of a Magpie: length thirteen inches. The bill nearly ftrait, about two inches in length, and black: irides hazel: the feathers which fall over the noftrils bordered with brown; upper part of the head, and nape of the neck, black: the general colour of the plumage rufty brown, marked with triangular white fpots, which are largeft on the under parts: the vent white : quills and tail black; the laft tipped with white: legs black. We find thefe birds fcattered in many parts of Europe, but no where fo plenty as in Germany; they are found alfo in Sweden and - Denmark, where they frequent the mountainous parts ; fometimes come in vaft flocks into France, efpecially Burgundy; vifit Eng- land very feldom, not more than twice that I have heard of; once mentioned eG RO Of We mentioned in the Briti/b Zoology to have been fhot in Flint/bire, and another time in Ket, a mutilated fkin of which is now in the houfe of an acquaintance of mine. I am informed that they are alfo in North America, but not near the fea-coafts. One has been brought from Kamt/chatka by the late voyagers. In manners it is faid greatly to refemble the Jay, laying up a ftore of acorns and nuts. In fome parts keep chiefly in the pine forefts*, on the kernels of which it then feeds; but faid fre- quently to pierce the trees like the Woodpecker, for which the bill feems not unapt: makes its neft in holes of trees. Klein men- tions two varieties, one fmaller than the other; the largeft, he fays, breaks the nuts to pieces, and the other pierces them. Both feed at times on wild berries and infects. Corvus graculus, Liz. Sy. i. p. 158. N° 18. Gracula pyrrhocorax, Scop. ann. i. p. 42. N° 46. Monedula pyrrhocorax, Haffélq. It. p. 238. N° 19. Le Coracias, Brif. orz. ii, p. 3. pl. i. f. 1—Bufi otf. iii. p. te pl. t= PI. exl. 255. Cornifh Chough, Rati Syn. p. 40. A. 6.—Will. orn. p. 126, pl. Dir _ Albin. ii. pl. 24.—Borlafe. Cornw. p. 249. pl.24. Red- legged Crow, Br. Zool. i. N° 80. Br. Muf. Lev. Muf. IZE of a Jackdaw: length nearly fixteen inches. The bill above two inches long, much curved, fharp at the tip, and of the colour of red fealing-wax: the irides have two circles, the outer reddifh, the inner grey: the eye-lids red: the plumage * Called by fome Pie de Sapinse i 215) wholly 40 I Manwera. 39- + RED- LEGGED CROW. DescriprTion. 402 Pracs, Mannerso Cr Be Oa WG wholly of a purplifh black: the legs red, like the bill: the claws large, hooked, and black. This bird is pretty common in fome parts of the Exglifh coafts, particularly the weftern, in Devonbire and Cornwall; and again on many parts of the coafts of Wales and Scotland; in Kent like- wife, among the cliffs of Dover, a few are met with, which is faid to have happened by accident, from a pair of birds fent as 2 prefent from the wef having efcaped to the cliffs, and bred there. Befides England, it is met with in the A/ps and in Carinthia *, Haffelquift + mentions its coming into Egypt towards the end of the inundations of the Ni/e, in the months of September and Offo- ber. Itis met with alfo in Perfa q, and the ifland of Candia |. We are not certain in what parts befides, as moft writers are filent about it. It affeéts to build in rocky places every where, laying four or five white eggs {potted with yellow. Scopoli fays, that at the latter hay-time they come down in the low meadows by hun- dreds, devouring the locufts, and are fond of janiper-berries: are a reftlefs, clamorous bird: greedy, fnatching food one from an- other: fear neither dog nor wolf: if one is killed, and a hat thrown up in the fame place, it will recal the reft to their deftruc- tion. Flies in circles. Some in autumn acquire black legs. When in Egypt faid to feed on akind of Blatta. With us it imitates the Fackdaw in manners ; thievifh, fond of glitter, and even dangerous to keep tame, as it has been known to catch up lighted fticks, whereby houfes have been fet on fire. 2 Scopoli. t+ tin. p. 238. $ At Ferom, the bills and feet (of the Crows) are as red as vermilion. Fryer’s Trav. p. 318. Wt Belon Obfervs p. 170 6 SIZE eY R™ Of Ws OIZE of 2 Miffel-thrufh: length eleven inches. The bill is an inch and a half long, curved the whole length; very like that of the red-legged Crow, or laft fpecies, and imitating it even in colour, being moft like fine red fealing-wax: the noftrils covered with black briftles refle&ed over them: the head, upper parts of the body, wings, and tail, are black ; the laft rounded at the end: the wing coverts are mottled with white: the under parts of the body are afh-colour: the legs dufky: claws black. Suppofed to inhabit Cayenne, as it was fhewn me among fome others from that place. Corvus eremita, Lin. Sy/?. i. p. 159. N° 19> Le Coracias hupé, Bri/: or#z.ii. p. 6. N° 2. ou le Sonneur, Buf. off. iii. p. ge Gefner’s Weod Crow, Will. orz. p. 396. Wood Crow from Switzerland, d/éia. ii. pl. 16. IZE of a Hen. The bill long, pointed, bent, and of a red co- Jour: the head is crefted, of a dufky yellow, with ftreaks of red: the whole plumage is black, with a glofs of green: the tail is rather fhort: the legs of a deep red. From the name one would fuppofe thefe birds to be moft com- mon in Switzerland, which is really the cafe, where they are called Waldrapp and Steinrapp. Like the laft, build in rocks, towers, and old ruined edifices. They fly very high, and are gre- garious and migratory; arrive at Zurich with the Storks, the be- ginning of April. The females lay two or three eggs, and the young are able to fly about the beginning of June; if taken Gig) a young, 403 40. CAYENNE RED-BILLED CROW. Desceigriow. Prace. 4. HERMIT CROW. Drscriprione 404 C R O W. young, are eafily made tame, and are efteemned good eating. They are alfo found on ail the high mountains of Italy, Stiria, Switzerland, Bavaria, and the rocks on the borders of the Da- nube. It is faid that neither the young nor the very old birds have the creft, whence they have been called Bald Crows. Buffon wonders why M. Barrere fhould call this a fpecies of Curlew; but could he have {een either Albdin’s figure, or fuch another, the head would have led him to think fo, for it feems quite naked of fea- thers, fimilar to the baldeft fpecies of Idis. GENUS _— [ 405 ] Genus XII, ROLLER, Nor. Garrulous R. N° 9g. Blue R. 2. Abyffinian R, to. Ultramarine R, 3. Senegal R. 11. Madagafcar R. 4. Long-tailed R, 12. Mexican R. 5. BengalR. — 13. Blue-ftriped R. ' 6. Oriental R, 14. Chinefe R. E 7. Indian R. 15. Cayenne R. 8. Cape R. 36. Pied R. HE charaéters of this genus are, The bill ftrait, bending towards the tip, edges cultrated. Noftrils narrow and naked. Legs, for the moft part, fhort. Toes placed three before, and one behind; divided to their Origin. This genus is not confined to one fpot of the globe, as one or other of the following fpecies may be met with in all the four quarters of it. It differs from the laft chiefly in the noftrils, which are apparent in all the fpecies, being deftitute of reflected briftles. The fhortnefs of the legs likewife is another characte- riftic, and holds good at leaft in all which have come under my in- fpection. I have thought it right to divide the whole of the fol- lowing lift into different fpecies, though perhaps without juft foundation, and of which the reader muft judge for himfelf. Coracias i. 4 GARRULOUS ROLLER. DascxrPrion. PLACE. RO) Ge ROO. - Coracias garrula, Lin. Sy. is p. 159. N° 1o—-Scop. ann. i. p. 40. N° 44. Le Rollier, Brif. orn. ti. p. 64. pl. g. f. 2.—Pl. enl. 486. d’Europe, Buf. off iit. p. 135. pl. 10. Blave racke, Birck-heher, Fri/ch. t.57- The Roller, Raii Syn. p. 41. N° 3. p. 42.— Will. orm. ps 151+ i 20.— Br. Zool. app. p.624._pl. ee. pl. 109. Br. Muf. Lev. Muf. IZE of a Jay: length twelve inches anda half. Bill black, ftrait, hooked at the point; bafe befet with briftles, but de not cover the noftrils: fpace about the eyes fomewhat bare: the head, neck, breaft, and belly, are of a light blueifh green: back and fcapulars reddifh brown: coverts on the ridge of the wing rich blue, beneath them pale green; upper part and tips of the quills dufky ; the lower parts of a fine deep blue: rump of this laft colour: tail forked, of alight blue; the outer feather tipped with black above, and beneath with deep blue, as is the cafe with fuch part of the quill feathers as is black above; the other tail fea- thers are dull green: legs fhort, and of a dirty yellow. Mr. Pennant, from whom the above defcription is taken, ob- ferves that thefe birds are frequent in feveral parts of Europe, in moft parts of which it ts a bird of paflage. Mention is made of them in Sweden * and Denmark + on the one hand, and as far as Africa ~ on the other; not that they are found in all the parts between, nor inthe fame plenty. W2/lughby tells us, that in Ger- many, Sicily, and Malta, they are fo common as to be fold in the markets, and in poulterers fhops. It has been called by fome * Faun. Suec. N° g4. + Br. Zool. app. p. 624. a Shaw's Trav. pe 251, Adanf. Voy. 8V0. Ps 24. 1076 the BOUL EF &k. the Strafourg Fay; but find it to be very fearee there. Edwards mentions one fhot on Gibraltar rock. Adanfon* obferves, that it “* comes to refide for fome months of the fummer in the fouthern parts of Ezrope, and goes back to {pend the remainder of the year in Senegal,” having fhot one on board the fhip, on its paffage, in April; and im another place fays, that they are at Senegal in flocks, along with the Cardinal Sparrows. Frifch obferves, that it makes its nefis in woods, where there is birch; that it does not come to its colour till the fecond year; flies in troops in autumn; often feen in tilled grounds, with Rooks and other birds, fearching for worms, fmall feeds, and roots}. Its flefh taftes like that of a Turtle. It is faid alfo fometimes to make the neft in holes in the ground {, in one of which nefts two eggs were found. The neft is generally filthy, from the young evacuating their excrements therein; whence by fome it was faid to make the neft of excrements. Shaw, in Travels, mentions a bird by the name of Shagarag, and defcribes it as having the fhape of a Yay, but a fmaller bill, and fhorter legs: the body brown above: head, neck, and belly, licht green: wings and tail fpotted with deep blue. This is a Barbary bird, and, no doubt, only a {mall variety of the other. He fays, that it builds the neft at the fides of rivers, and its cry is fharp and fhrill. We are told in the Britifh Zoology, that it has been twice fhot in England, and is remarkable for making a chattering noife, from which it is called by fome Garrzlus. * Adanf. Voy. + Alfo beetles and frogs. Faws. Suecs 1 Hip. des cif ilies p. 3390 407. A VARIETY. oc 4c ABYSSINIAN R. DESCRIPTION. Prace. Be SENEGAL R. DeEscRiPTiONe Re OP LY Lior Re Le Rollier d’Abyffinie, Buf. vif. ili. p. 143. Pl. cul. 626. — HE bill of this bird is black, and the tip of the upper man- dible much bent: the fides of the head, from the noftrils to a little beyond the eyes, are white; the reft of the head, neck, and under parts of the body, of a fine green: the wing coverts are of the fame colour, but the fhoulders are of a fine deep blue; the greater quills are of this laft colour: the back and fecond quills are orange brown: the rump of a deep blue: the two middle tail feathers are dufky, with a glofs of blue, efpecially down the mid- dle; the outer feathers blue green; the outmoft feather five. inches longer than any of the others, and, as far as it exceeds them in length, of a fine deep blue: the legs red brown. The co- lours of this bird are remarkably brilliant. Inhabits Abyfinia. Rollier du Sénégal, Buf. oi/- iii. p.143.—P2. enl. 326. Swallow-tailed Indian Roller, Edw. glean. 327. HIS is rather lefs than the common Jay. The bill black: the whole fpace round the bafe of the bill, as far as the eyes, or what may be termed the face, white: the head, and under parts of the body, the upper parts of the wings, and tail, blueifh fea- green: the fhoulders and quills, as in the laft, of a deep blue; and the outer tail feathers as long as in that bird: the hind part of the neck and the back of a reddifh brown: the legs of a red- dith flefh-colour, This Ra Of LIL? RD Ro 409 This is the defcription of Edwards’s bird, which came from Paces Ceylon; and anfwers likewife to that figured in the Planches elu mines, {aid to come from Senegal. - This is, moft likely, a variety of the laft- defcribed. Coracias caudata, Lin. Sy. i. p. 160. N°6. ? Ae Le Rollier d’Angola, Brif- orn. ii. p. 72. t. 7. f. 1. LONG-TAILED ——— Buf. dif. iii. p. 144.—P. enl. 88, : IZE of a Jay: length fifteen inches and a half. The billis an Descarrriow. inch and a half long, and of a blackifh colour: the hind parts of the head and neck are green: upper parts of the back and - feapulars fulvous gloffed with green: the lower part of the back, rump, and wing coverts, fine blue: the upper tail coverts blue green: the throat, fore part of the neck, and breaft, violet; but the feathers on the two firft have a whitifh ftreak down the thaft: the belly, fides, thighs, under tail and wing coverts, fea green: quills the fame for half their length; the end half, deep blue on the outer webs; the fhafts and inner webs black: the two mid- dle feathers of the tail are deep green; the reft of the feathers blue green; the outer ones on each fide of twice the length of the others, and the part which exceeds deep blue; the fhafts of all: black : the legs are grey ; and the claws blackith, "This inhabits Angola, a G20] ms 07 36 Coracias 410 S. BENGAL in DEscRIPTION. PLAGE. BR OF Li Li By Re Coracias Bengalenfis, Liz. Sy. i. po 159. N° 5. Le Rollier de Mindanao, Bri. orn. ii. p. 69. N° z. pl. 6, fi. to. Le Cuit, or Rollier de Mindanao, Buf. oif, ili. p. 144+ Rollier de Mindanao, Pi. enl. 285. Bengal Pye, A/biz. i. t..172 LENGTH twelve inches and a half: fize of the laft. The bill, as in that, blackifh: the top of the head is green, verging to blue near the eyes.: the hind part of the neck-fulvous, with a violet tinge: the upper part of the back and fcapulars the fame, but has a greenifh mixture, and in fome lights changing to olive : the lower part of the back and rump blue, with a mixture of green: throat rufous white: cheeks and fore part of the neck. violet, dafhed down the middle of each feather with: blueifh white : breaft rufous, inclining to violet: belly, fides, thighs, under tail and wing coverts, blue green: upper tail and leffer wing coverts fine deep blue; the greater ones, fartheft from: the body, blue- green; but thofe in the middle are blue and green mixed, and thofe neareft the bedy green: the five firft quills are deep blue 3. the middle of the outer webs. blue green: the tail feathers in this. bird are of equal lengths; the two middle ones dull green, tinged: with blue down the fhafts; the reft are blue for one third from the bafe, then blue green,, with blué tips: the legs are grey, and. the claws blackifh. This inhabits Bengal and the ifle of Mindanao, where it is called. Cuit. It does not effentially differ from the laft*: the chief * Nor fcarcely from the fecond and third, fufficient to feparate them into: different fpeciess difference. RG&E LE R. difference is the rufous violet-colour on the breaft, and the want of the long outer tail feathers. ‘The comparing the two figures in the Planches enluminées, feems much to favour this opinion. This laft may perhaps be a female, or a young bird; for the long tail feathers do not appear till the fecond year. Buffon mentions a variety, which came from Goa, and had not the fulvous band on the breaft, like the laft-mentioned; in- ftead of which, ‘there was a collar of a vinaceous colour behind the neck, a little below the head. ‘Coracias orientalis, Liz. Sy/?. i. p. 159. N° 4. Le Rollier des Indes, Brif. orz. it. p.75. pl. 7-f. 2.—-Buf. 0i/. i. p. 147.— Pl. enl. 619. QIZE of a Jay: length ten inches and a half. The bill is yel- lowifh, broader * at the bafe, and more hooked than in any of the genus: the head and hind part of the neck brown: back, rump, fcapulats, wing and tail coverts, green brown: throat fine ‘blue; down the fhaft of each feather a pale line: the reft of the parts beneath blue green? quills mixed blue and black;.on the middle a large pale blue fpot: wings longer than in other Rollers: tail even at the end; the two middle feathers green at the bafe, the reft of the way black; the other feathers are firft £reen, then blue, with black tips. legs yellowifh: claws black. This is a native of the La/ft-Indies. a * Hit. des*oif. ii. 1455 3G 2 5 SC ovacias ALE 6. ORIENTAL R, DescripTion» Piacz: Phe) INLIAN R. PESCRiIPTION. PLACEo. 8. CAPE R. DuscRIeTIONe Pace, BLUE Re DeEscRIPTION.. BLACE.. KO BB EB E ER. Coracias Indica, Liz. Sy. is pe 159. N° 2. Blue Jay from the Eaft-Indies, Edw. pl. 326, Br. Muf. ENGTH eleven inches. Bill dufky black, an inch and a half “in length: crown of the head blue green: throat, breaft, neck, and back, reddifh brown:. fides of the head and throat darkeft, ftreaked with white: rump and tail, and the under parts from the breaft, fine ultramarine blue: the middle tail feathers are green; the outer ones blue at the bottoms and tips, andi fea-green in the middle: the wings are green and blue.. Inhabits Ceylon. Coracias Caffra, Liz. Sy. i. p..159. N° 3s M7E have no. knowledge of this, but from Linnaeus, whofe defcription is. very fhort indeed. He merely fays, that the bird is blue, with the outer edge of the quills.luteous ;. and that. -the female is of a blueifh black.. Inhabits 4zbiopia.. Er. Ma. ENGTH eight inches. Bill dufky: the upper parts of the plumage of a pale glofly blue green, except the tips of the: wings, which are black: the under parts of the body ferru- ginous, In the Britifh Mufeum: from whence unknown, i ROLLE RB : \ Br. Maf- j ENGTH eight inches. ‘Bill as in the laft: the whole plumage of a rich gloffy ultramarine blue, equal to the richeft fattin in luftre : the quills and tail are wholly of the fame colour. _ This likewife is in the Britifh Mufeum; but the native place alike unknown. ‘They are certainly different {pecies. Ee Rollier de Madagafcar, Buf. oi/. iii. p. 148: La Rolle de Madagafear, P/. enl. 501.- Lev, Muf. HIS is a beautiful fpecies, and about the fize of the firft- mentioned. ‘The bill is very ftout at the bafe, rather fhort, — and of a yellow colour: the eyes feem large: the general colour ‘is a rufty purplifh brown: the rump and vent blue green: the quills are deep blue above, and blue green beneath; and the inner webs black: the tail is blue green; near the end is a purplifh band}; and the tip blue, fo deep as to appear nearly black: the legs are of a reddifh brown. © Said to come from Madaga/car.. Le Rollier du Mexique, Brif. orn. iis p. 83. N° 8.— Buf. oif, iii. Ps 148, Merula Mexicana, Seda, i. t. 64, f. 5. VIGGER by much than a Thrufh, The upper parts of the body are dingy rufous grey: the under parts and wings light grey, mixed with flame-colour,. Inhabits. Mexico,. LENGTH 413 10. ULTRAMA-~ RINE R. DeEscRIPTIONs IT. MADAGASCAR R. DEscRIPTIONe- PLaGe, 12. MEXICAN R. Description. Piacss 0 aman Igo BLUE-STRIPED R. Pr. XVI. DescRipTione FEMALE’ PLAce. TA. CHINESE PescrrPTioNn. R oO L L E—R, ENGTH eight inches. Bill three quarters of an inch longs bent at the tip, and of a black colour: irides red: general colour of the plumage deep blue black, dafhed with ftreaks of greenith blue: tail and legs, black. The female is cinereous grey: top of the head darkeft: the co- verts and quills are black, edged with cinereous: tail plain grey< legs black. Inhabits New Caledonia. Le Rollier de la Chine, Brif. ora. ii. p. 776 Nes. pl.6. f. 2 Le Rolle de la Chine, Buf. oi/. ili. p. 132. Rollier de la Chine, P/.-en/. 620. HIS is of the fize of a Jay: the length eleven inches and a half. The bill and irides are red: the head *, hind part of the neck, back, rump, and upper tail coverts, are green: through the eyes on each fide is a black ftripe: the under parts of the body, from chin to vent, are yellowifh white, tinged with green; but the thighs are grey: wing coverts ‘olive brown: quills the fame, with a mixture of cheftnut in fome ; and others, neareft the body, tipped with white: the tail is five inches in length, and cuneiform, the outer feathers fhortening by degrees, like that of a Magpie; all of them are more or lefs green, verging to black near the ends; the tips of all are white: the legs and claws are of a pale red, and longer than in other Rollers, %® This feetrs -crefted in the P/, ew’. but this citcumfance is not mentioned by Briffors Enhabits pug el MOOVL. ROL EB Inhabits Ching. It is called at Canton Sau-ta-hoang*. It is not very common. Le Grivert, ou Rolle de Cayenne, Buf, off. iii. p. 134. Le Griverd, de Cayenne, P/. ex/. 616. a meafures in length nine inches, The bill is pretty ftrong, above an inch in length, of a reddifh colour, and a very little bent towards the point: the general colour of the plumage is a brownifh green : over the eyes is a white ftreak: on each fide the throat a perpendicular black ftreak: and the chin, fore part of the neck, and breatft, are dirty white : the tail is cunci- form, with the edges inclining to green: the legs are longer than ufual in this genus, and of a pale grey. This inhabits Cayenne. ‘Thefe two laft birds do not fairly be- long to the Roller genus; nor can they come more properly into any other. Perhaps the manners might affift in placing them with more propriety ; but we know them not, being in poffeffion only of the mere fpecimen, without further iluftration. €aflican de la Nouvelle Guinee, Buf o/f. vil. p. 134. pl. 7.—P/. enl. 628. ENGTH about thirteen inches. Bill two inches and a half long ;, the colour of it blueifh, with the tip dark: the head, neck, and upper part of the back, are black: the reft of the back, the rump, the upper tail coverts, the breaft, belly, and vent, white, but fomewhat inclining to blue on the breaft: wing co- * Orn. de Salerne, p. 100, i) -yerts 50 415 PiLAcze lise CAYENNE R. DeEscRIPTIONo PLAGE. * 16. PIED R. DeEscRIPTION, 416 RQ. Ly Li Bo oR werts black and white mixed : fome of the fecondaries black, fome white: the outer edge of the wing, and the greater quills, wholly black: the tail is five inches long, even at the end, and black ; all but the two middle feathers tipped with white: the legs are Jead-colour: the claws ftout, fharp, and black. Notwithftanding it 1s faid in the P/. enl. to have come from New Guinea ; Bujfon, to whom we are indebted for this defcription, does not feem fure of the fact; and in courfe the manners muft be unknown. It feems to me of a genus not well defined: if we are guided by the plate in Buffon’s work *, we may moft likely think with him, that ic hangs between the genera of Oriole and Toucan; but on turning to the Pi. en/. the figure of it bears a much greater affinity to the Roller genus ; in which we have ven- ~ tured to place it; having this in our view, that the plates in this laft-mentioned work are in general much more to be depended on, than thofe of the former. @ Lift, des otf, vol. vil. pl. Ze GENUS SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION LIBRARIES CA ll | 97088 00231618 O crisrb QL674.L35 v. 1 pt. 1A ge synopsis of bird