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Smithsonian Institution
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GIFT OF

Marcia B rady Lucker

A
GENERAL SYNOPSIS.

of

BIRDS.

VoluILParc 1

LOND. ON:
Prnited for Leigh & Sotheby,
York Street Covent Garden.
MDCCLXXAIT.

Po Ee BAD OC OB

*
“TN the Preface to the Firft Volume, the plan of this Work has

been mentioned, of which the prefent is a continuation, and.
contains the whole of the Pafferine, Columbine, and Gallinaceous
Orders. Thefe, as before, are difpofed, for the moft part, ac-
cording to the Linnean method. of feparation into genera ;
having a frequent eye to the judicious alterations of our friend
Thomas Pennant, Efq; noticed in.his Genera of Birds: however,
from the-great number of. new fpecies. which have come under
our infpection in almoft every genus,. new lights have been
thrown on fome fubjects, whereby we have been obliged, in
fame few inftances, to deviate a trifle from the fentiments con-
tained in the laft-named work; and for which fuch reafons are
given, in their refpective places, as have feemed requifite. The
above will alfo account for the introduction of a zew Genus, not
having been able to arrange the fpecies which form it under any
of the old ones: to this is given the name of Tinamou * ; and,
as ufual, a plate is given of one of the fpecies, in order to illuf-
trate the reft of the genus.

* This name has been given to them by the natives in the parts where they
are. found.

i. in

PRE BA Cie:

In the former parts of this Undertaking, a reference has been
made throughout to a work called American Zoology, which I beg
leave to advertife my readers is, in the prefent, changed to that of
Arétic Zoology ; both of them meant to refer to a work by Mr..
Pennant, which originally was defigned to have been confined to
the animals of North America: but he was induced to enlarge
his plan, by adding thofe of Kamtfchatka and Northern Afia, in
order to comprehend the zoology of thofe countries, and make
the volume fupplemental, in that part of Natural Hiftory, to the
Northern Voyage of the celebrated Captain Cook. The title of
Arétic he feems therefore to think better adapted to the contents
of the book *.

In refpect to ourfelves, we have nothing more here to add).
except the repetition of our acknowledgments for the affiftance
which our friends have afforded us in this Undertaking ; and to
wifh fincerely that it may, in any degree, afford amufement to:
the reader, ‘or add to his inftruction.

Dartford, :
Dec. 15 1783. JOHN LATHAM...

* This work, in one volume 4to, will appear about the time of the pub.
lication of the Voyage, and fome copies on the fame fized paper as the Voyages
the reft fuitable to Mr. Peanant’s other 4to works.

tO. BIRDS..

bob Re aD: Sy

~Orver II. PASSERINE.

Genus XXX. STARE,

Nou. Common Sf. peta SING

5- Collared St.
Var. A. White St. 6. Wattled St.
Var. B. Pied St. 7. Cockfcomb St.
Var. C. Grey St. 8. Silk St.
2. Cape St. g> Green St.
Var. A. Contra St. 10. Brown St.
3. Louifiane St. 11. Ceylonefe St.
Var. A. Crefcent St. _ 12. Brown-headed St.
4. Magellanic St = 13. Mexican St.

ILL ftrait, deprefied.
Noftrils guarded above by a prominent rim.
Tongue hard and cloven.
The middle toe united to the outmoft as far as the firft joint.

Von. IT, B _ Sturnus

I.
+ COMMON
STARE,

DESCRIPTION.

PLACE AND
MANNERS.

Sr As ORE Bs

Sturnus vulgaris, Liz. Sy. i. p. 290. Ne 1.—Scop. aun. i. N° 189.—Kram.
El. 362.—Brum. orn. p. 64. N° 229—Hafelg. It. p. 287. N° 47.—
Mull, Zool. Dan. p. 28.—Georgi. Reife. i. pe 173.—Frifch. pl. 217-
L’Etourneau, Brif. orn. ii. p. 439. N° 1.—Buf. o//. iii. p. 176. pl. 15.—
Pl. enl. 75.
Storno, Oliz. uecel. pl. 18.

Stare or Starling, Raii Syz. p. 67. A. 1.—Will, ora. p. 196. t. 37.—Br-
Zool, i. N° 104,.—Albin. i. pl. 40.
Br. Muf. Lev. Maf-

HE Starling is a bird fo well known that it needs only a
fhort defcription.

The weight of the male is three ounces; that of the female
rather lefs: length eight inches three quarters. Bill brown or
yellow: the whole plumage is black, gloffed with blue, purple,
and copper ; each feather marked at the end with a pale yellow
fpot: the wing coverts are edged with yellow; the quills and tail
dufky, the former edged with yellow, the laft with dirty white:
the legs of a reddifh brown.

This bird appears to be a general inhabitant throughout the
old continent, from Sweden * to the Cape of Good Hope. We may
fuppofe that the general manners agree in all climates; in this
it affects to build its neft in hollows of rocks, ruinous edifices,
pigeon-houfes, hollows of trees, but. feldom on the branches,
except in fome cafes, when I have been informed that it has
made uie of an old neft of a Thrujh, or other bird, but moft often
that of the Green Woodpecker ; which in-turn feizes that of a Star-
ling, when placed in the hollow of atree ; for as both thefe birds

* Tt is alfo met with in Denmark, Norway, and Iceland. Wifits Rufia about
the middle of 4pré/, and departs in autumn. Decowve Ruf. voli. p. 102.

really

S fF AR E.

really make no neft, placing only a mere covering of leaves, and
other dry materials, whereon to lay their eggs, very little cere-
mony, further than bare poffeffion, is requifite. The eges are
greenifh afh-colour, five or fix in number: the young birds are
dufky brown till the firft moult.

Ge

°

Thefe birds, in the winter feafon, are often feen in company .

with Redwings and Fieldfares, and frequently in large flocks, con-
fifting only of their own fpecies; when this is the cafe, they may
be known at aereat diftance, from their tumultuous and diforderly
method of flight, different from that of any other bird.

The chief food of thefe are znfecis and worms ; Buffon aflerts
their fondnefs for the Rofe Beetle *: but befides thefe, they are
faid to eat many kinds of grain +, and in fome parts olives,
grapes, and cherries, giving the laft the preference ; they are alfo
accufed of fucking the eggs of the Pigeous in Pigeon-houfes :
hence a general feeder: however I am inclined to think that they
will give animal food the preference, only taking to vegetable
nourifhment in cafes of neceffity; for when kept in cages, they
are contented and pleafed with the feraps of meat of every kind.

L’Etourneau blanc, Brif. ora.ii. p. 444. A.
Sturnus albus, A/drov. Av. ii. p. 636.
White Starling, Will. orn. p. 196.

Lev. Muf.

HIS is wholly white: the bill reddifh: and the legs flefh-
coloured. Two of thefe are in the Leverian Mufeum.

* Scarabeus auratus, Lin. t+ Buf. oif iii. 184.

Ba2 - L’Etour-

ie
Var. A.
WHITE STARE.

DESCRIPTION»

Var. B.
PIED STARE.

DESCRIPTIONe

Ie
Var. C,
GREY STARE..

DEscRIPTION.

Si Ay Rie.

L’Etourneau blanc & noir, Brif. orm. ii. p. 444. Be
444. C—Byf, of. iii. p. 189.

——-— 4 téte blanche,
Sturnus capite albo, Aldrov. ii. p. 637.
Black and white Starling, Will. orn. p. 196.

N this the head was black, and all the reft of the body white.
It was found at Aberdaren, a little village in Caernarvonfbire.
Another, mentioned by A/drovandus, had a white head and neck,
with two black fpots above the eyes: breaft, belly, fides, thighs,
upper wing and under tail coverts, white with blueifh fpots:
quills and tail as in the common Starling; but the two outer tail

feathers white: the bill white: and the legs yellow: claws
black..

L’Etourneau gris, Brif. orz. ii. p. 446. D..
Sturnus cinereus, 4/dr. Av. ii. p. 638—9>.
Lev. My.

HAT defcribed by Briffon from Aldrovandus. had the
upper part of the body of a rufous afh-colour, inclined to:
yellow: the breaft marked with fmall points: bill and legs.
black. ;
A beautiful fpecimen, very near allied to this, is in the Leve-
rian Mufeum, being wholly of a cream-colour, covered all over
with white fpots.

Sturnus:

oe

St Th A RE OE

Sturnus Capenfis, Liz. Sy/f.i. p. 290. N°z.

L’Etourneau du Cap de Bonne Efperance, Brif orn. ii. p. 446. N° 2. pl.
Al. f. 3.—PI. enl, 280.

L’Etourneau-Pie, Buf. of. iil. p. 1gte

IZE of our Starling. Bill fixteen lines long, and yellowifh:
the plumage is only of two colours, black and white: the
head, neck, back, wings, and tail, are of the firft colour: on
each fide of the head, beginning at the bafe of the upper man-
dible, is a ftreak of white, which encompaffing the eye {wells
out into a broad patch, fo as to make almoft the whole fide of
the head of that colour: at the hinder bafe of this it is a little
‘prolonged downwards on each fide of the neck, in a narrow ftripe
of black and white mixed: the fcapulars are tipped with white;
and the edge of the wing, for three quarters of an inch, is white
alfo: the breaft, belly, vent, and rump, of the fame colour: the
legs yellow.
Inhabits the Cape of Good Hope.

Sturnus contra, Liz. Sy/?. i. p. 290. N° 4.
Le Troupiale de Bengale, Brif. orz. ii. p. 94. N° 9.—Szfpl. p. 94.
L’Etourneau du Cap de Bonne Efperance, ou L’Etourneau Pie, Buf. cif, ii.

p- Jg1-
Contra from Bengal, 4/d. iii. pl. 21.
Black. and white Indian Starling, Edw. pl. 187.

HE head, neck, back, rump,. upper tail coverts, and {ea-
pulars, are black: from the bill fprings a ftripe of white,
paffing through the eyes, and tending to the hind head: the
upper part of the neck is alfo furrounded by a dirty white band :

beneath each eye is a fpot of white: from the lower part of the
6 neck

wa

Ze
CAPE STARE.

DescriPTion.

DeEscRIPTION..

3.
LOUISIANE
STARE,

DESCRIPTION.

3.
Var. A.
+- CRESCENT
STARE,

DESCRIPTION.

Si T A RE:

neck to the vent is white: the upper wing coverts are black,
variegated with fix fpots of white: quills and tail black: legs
yellow-brown. .

Thefe are clearly varieties of each other. We are told that
this bird is called by the name of Contra, in the places where it
inhabits.

Sturnus Ludovicianus, Liz. Sy. i. p. 290. f. 36
L’Etourneau de la Louifiane, Bri/. orz. ii. p. 449. N° 4. pl. 42. f. 1.
L’Etourneau de la Louifiane ou Le Stourne, Buf. o//. iii. p. 192.—P/. enl. 256.
1ZE ofa Thruh: length nine inches and a half. Bill whitith,
with a brown tip: the upper parts of the plumage are brown
and rufous grey mixed : on the head three ftripes of white; one
down the middle of the crown, and one over each eye: cheeks,
throat, fore part of the neck, breaft, and belly, fine yellow: on
the fore part of the neck is a large fpot of black feathers, each
of which is tipped with grey: fides, thighs, and under tail
coverts, dirty white, marked with fome {pots of brown: beneath
the wings whitifh grey: edge of the wing yellow: quills rufous
grey, blended with brown on the outer webs: tail the fame;
but the four outer feathers are white within: legs and claws

grey.

Alauda magna, Liz. Sy/. p. 289. N° 11.
Le Merle a Collier d’Amerique, Brif. orz. ii, 242. No15.
Le Fer-a-cheval, ou Merle a Collier d’Amerique, Buf. o7/, iii, p. 371+
Large Lark, Care. Car. i. pl. 33.
Crefcent Starling, Aré. Zool. ‘
Br. Muf. Lev. Mu.
IZE of a Blackbird: length eleven inches. Bill blackifh:
top of the head and neck brown; fides of them pale grey:
from the bale of the bill, and down the crown to the hind head,
i is

So Ts AS Re Ee

is a {tripe of pale grey: between the bill and eye a luteous fpot s
and behind each eye a black ftripe of an inch in length: the
upper parts of the body, wings, and tail, are brown, mixed with
rufous and blackifh, not unlike a Partridge: all the under parts
are yellow : on the breaft is a black crefcent, not unlike a horfe-
fhoe in fhape: thighs and under tail coverts grey: greater
quills brown; the leffer the fame, fpotted with rufous: tail
brown, marked on the outer edge with rufous: legs and claws
brown.

The young birds have fcarce any trace of the black crefcent.

This fpecies is frequent in North America, and is migtatory :
it comes to New York early, and is feen in great flocks together
in the falt meadows, which it chiefly frequents, and is fcarce
elfewhere. Like the Lark, it is feldom feen except on the ground.
It is known in. America by the name of Meadow Lark. .

Sturnus militaris, Liz, Mant. 1771. p. 527.
L’Etourneau des terres Magellaniques, ov le Blanche-Raie. Buf. oi/. iii.
Pp. 196.—Pi. en. 113.
Zev. Muf.

*F“HIIS meafures about eight inches and a half in length, and

is about the fize of a Starling. The bill is an inch anda
quarter long, and in fhape not unlike that bird: the upper parts
of the plumage are brown; each feather margined with paler

brown: from the bill to the eye a crimfon line: at the bafe of

the under mandible a white fpot: behind the eye a ftreak of
white: on each fide the neck a bedof black, dividing the brown
on the hind part from the fore part of the neck ; which, with the
chin, breaft, and upper part of the belly, is of a fine deep
crimfon : the fhoulder of the wing is of the fame colour, as is. a

little:

PLace,

fh.
MAGELLANIC:
STARE,

Descrrerions

PLace AND
Manners,

Ge
COLLARED
STARE.

DEstRieTION.

PLACE AND
Manners.

Ss T Ay Re Ee

little of the outer edge of it: the fides, under the wings, and

thighs, are black, edged with afh-colour: the vent, under tail
coverts, and the whole of the tail, black; the laft a trifle forked:
the legs are brown. ;

In forme birds the white fpot at the bafe of the under mandible
is wanting; and in fuch, the white line begins at the noftrils,
and pafies over the eye a good way behind.

This is an inhabitant of Falkland Iflands, where it is fuppofed
for the moft part to frequent the ground, rather than to perch on
trees; for one of them being kept in a cage, was never known
to fit upon the perch, always keeping at the bottom. It feemed
fond of all kinds of infeéis; whence it was ae that thefe
were its natural food.

Sturnus collaris, Scop. azz. i. p.13t, N° 192.
Lev. Mufe

IZ E of the red-backed Shrike: length fix inches and a half.

Bill brown; towards the bafe pale yellow: the upper part of
the body dufky, with largifh fpots on the back: rump brown
and white mixed: breaft cinereous brown : belly brown, efpe-
cially the fides: throat white, fpotted with brown: quills
blackifh; the margins of the tips and inner webs are rufous:
tail brown, with pale rufous tips: legs horn-colour,

This inhabits Carniola and Carinthia, where it is a folitary
bird, and not very common. It feeds on infects and grain; is
accuftomed to wag the tail often: has a weak flender note; and
affects covered places, where it may enjoy retirement undif=
covered.

That

Pl. XXXVI. PUL

oe) ps
Dos J, bbe ; V ta Wee ;

Sm AS Ree:

That in the Mu/eum of Sir 4. Lever, had each of the wing co-
verts terminated by a white {pot: the margin of the wings, and
tips of the quills and tail, grey. This fpecimen came from
Gibraltar.

Lev. Muf.

IZE of our Sterling: length nearly ten inches. The bill

rather long, and fomewhat bent ; it is fharp at the tip, but
a trifle flatted ; the colour is black, tinged with blue towards the
bafe: irides dull hazel: from the angle of the lower mandible
{prings a carunculated orange- -coloured membrane, tending down-
wards like the wattle of a Cock; this is about a quarter of an
inch in fize: the general colour of the plumage is dull black ;
but the back and wing coverts are ferruginous: the legs are
black.

The female is wholly of a dull ferruginous brown: tue bill and
legs are the fame as in the male; but the wattle is not fo large,
nor is it very confpicuous, except in old birds.

This fpecies is found in New Zealand, particularly in the
fouthern ifland, where it is pretty common, as Dr. Forffer in-
forms me; and that it has a weak piping voice, not worthy of
being called a fong.

Tringa * carunculata, capenfis, Naturf. vol. xi. p.g. tab. 2.

ENGTH fix inches and a half. Bill brown, and made not
unlike that of a Starline: from the bafe of the under man-
dible hangs a double wattle, like that of a Cock, half an inch or

* It cannot be a Yringa, as it is not in the leaft dare above the zee.

Vo. II, Cc more

6.
+ WATTLED
STARE.
PL. XXXVI.

DEscRIPTION.

FEMALE.

Puace.

7°
COCKSCOMB
STARE.

DESCRIPTIONe

IO

PLAcE,

8.
SILK STARE.

DrscriprTion.

PLacg.

9:
GREEN STARE,

DeEscriPrion,

Sa, (A ORE,

more in length, of a red or deep orange colour: on the crown
are two pointed combs; the one behind the other, ftanding up-
right : the eyes are furrounded by a broad bare yellow {pace :
the plumage in general of a dirty afh-colour, the under parts
paleft: the quills and tail black; the laft even at the end, or at
leaft but very little rounded: the legs are long, and of a pale
yellow-brown colour.

Three of thefe birds were fent into Holland from the Cape of
Good Hope in fpirits: one of them wanted the pointed combs on
the crown; the other had only a rudiment, and the wattle like-
wife was fmaller: it was fuppofed that the wattles were originatly
red, but the fpirits had taken out much of their colour.

Silk Starling, Brown. Ii/. pl. 21.

IZE of a Starling. The bill of a deep orange: the whole
head yellowifh white: body entirely of a pale grey: the

plumage in general gloffy and filky : wings black, croffed with a
bar of white: the tail black: legs reddifh yellow.

Inhabits China.

I obferved one of thefe among fome Chinefe paintings. The
bill was red: the head white: upper parts of the body black ; —
the under dufky: legs red. This was perhaps the oppofite fex.

Green Stare, Of. Voy. ii. p. 327.

N the forehead and chin is a tuft of black and white feathers:
above the firft is a fpot of white: beyond the eye another:
the whole upper part of the body green: on the feapulars are

two white fpots: wings and tail green; the outer webs of the —
5 firft

s T & R ‘E.

firft white: the fhafts of the wings and tail white: the under fide
of the neck, breaft, and belly, pale blue: legs cinereous
blue.

Inhabits China.

Brown Stare, Of. Voy. ii. p. 328.

€ HE bill is whitifh red: the eye lodged in a long ftripe
us of a pale cerulean: the whole body, wings, and tail,
“* light olive-brown; on the belly faint, and tinged with yellow ;
** the legs are pale red: the tail is long.”

Inhabits China.

Ir

Pracg.

10.
BROWN
STARE.

DESCRIPTION,

Pracg.

TI.
CEYLONESE
STARE.

BILL black: head pale yellow: through the eye a line of pescesprion.

black, beginning at the bafe of the bill; and a fecond be-
neath the cheeks: breaft light grey, marked with oblong yel-
lowifh white fpots: back and belly grey, marked with white
and dufky femicircular lines: vent plain grey: quill feathers
dull green: tail barred with pea-green and black: legs blueifh
grey.
_ Inhabits Ceylon. It is faid to whiftle all forts of fongs in a
mocking way. The Javans call it Tjutjecrawany *.

L’Etourneau de la Nouvelle Efpagne, Bri/. orn. ii, p. 448. N° 3.
Le Tolcana, Buf. oi/. iii. p. 193.
Tolocatzanatl, Raii Sya. p. 168. N° 3.

ESS than a Starling, but like it in fhape. The head is
brown : the reft of the body, wings, and tail, black.
* Mr. Pennant,

C 2 Inhabits

Place.

12.
BROWN-
HEADED
STARE.

DEscRIPTION.

12

PLaceE.

13.
MEXICAN
STARE.

DeEscRIPTION.

PLACE.

Sia. A. RY E.

Inhabits New Spain, where it is called Tolocatzanatl, or Rufb
Starling. As this is not a well-defined fpecies, it may perhaps
prove the brown-headed Oriole of our firft volume *.

Le Cotinga du Mexique, Bri/. orm. it. p. 347. No 4.
Le Cacaftotl, Buf. oi/. ili. p. 195.
Caxcaxtototl, Rati Synz. p. 167. N° 16.

IZE of a Starling. Bill black: general colour blue, varied

with black: the head is fmall: the eyes are black : and the
irides luteous.

This inhabits the more temperate parts of South America, fuch
as Mexico, and its neighbourhood. It has little or no fong. Like:
the laft, it is a very doubtful fpecies.

® P. 446, N° 38.

GeENus

N°

=
me OO ON DAHAYW DH

con on I ce oe
An Bb © p

=]
~I

pm & P PHY WY BE Fe
Mmpbpoepe CWO CO

[

13]

Genus XXX THRUSH,

. Miffel Thr.

. Throftle.

- Guiana Thr.

. Jamaica Thr.

. Little Thr.

. Golden-crowned Thr.

g

Red-wing Thr.

. Aoonalafhka Thr.
» Barbary Thr.

. Tripoli Thr..

. Fieldfare..

Var. A. B..C..

. Red-breafted Thr,
. Spotted Thr.

. Kamtfchatka Thr.

. Tawny. Thr.
. Brown Thr. i
. Yellow-backed Thr.

. Variegated Thr.
. Cayenne Thr..

. Pagoda Thr..

- Malabar Thr..

. Rufous-tailed Thr.

. Red-tailed Thr.

. Dark Thr.

. Red-necked Thr.

N° 26.

a7
28.

29.
30.
30.
g2e
33:
WS te
35°
36.
37:
38.
39:
40.
Ale
42.
aie

44.
45-
46.

White-browed Thr.
Pale Thr.

Reed Thr.

Var. A.
Red-legeed Thr.
Thick-billed Thr.
Bay Thr.

Crying Thr.
Chinefe Thr.
Crefcent Thr:
New Holland Thr.
Black-faced Thr.
Philippine Thr.
Surat Thr.

Pacific Thr. ©
Sandwich: Thr.
FerruginousT hr.
Mimic Thr.
Mocking Thr.

Var. A.
St. Domingo Thr..

Yellow-bellied Thr.
Blackbird.
Var. A. White-headed BI.
—— B. Pied Bl.
—— C. White Bl.

N° 47.

14

DD) Rik Ul SH.

. White-chinned Thr.

Var A Bie:

. Labrador Thr.

« Ring Ouzel.

. Water Ouzel.

- White-tailed Thr.
- Rofe-coloured Thr.
- Blue Thr.

. Solitary Thr.

. Penfive Thr.

- Hermit Thr.

- Rock Thr.

. African Thr.

- Rufous-winged Thr.
. Shining Thr.

War. A.

. Gloffy Thr.

. Gilded Thr.

. Violet Thr.

. Whidah Thr.

. Dominican Thr.

. White-headed Thr.
. Songfter Thr.

. Black-necked Thr.
. Yellow-fronted Thr.
- Chanting Thr.

. Spectacle Thr.

. Ceylon Thr.

. Orange-bellied Thr.

Var. A.

99:

. Yellow Thr.
- White-rumped Thr.
. Cinereous Thr.
. Pigeon Thr.
- Black-throated Thr.
. Green Thr.
. Olive Thr.
« Indian Thr.
. Afh-coloured Thr.
. Grey Thr.
. Long-billed Thr.
. Senegal Thr.
. Madagafcar Thr.
- Mindanao Thr.
. Mauritius Thr.
. Black-headed Thr.
. Brunet Thr.
Var. A.
. White-fronted Thr.
Var. A.
. Cape Thr.
Var. A.
- Long-tailed Thr.
. Amboina Thr.
- Bourbon Thr.
- Yellow-crowned Thr.
. Afh-rumped Thr.
. Black-cheeked Thr.
Hifpaniola Thr.

100. Surinam Thr.

N° Io1.

THR OS 15

N° ror. Palm Thr. N° 112. White-backed Thr.
Var. A. 113. Black-crefted Thr.

102. Nun Thr. 114. Chiming Thr.
103. Ethiopian Thr. 115. Black-winged Thr.
104. Abyffinian Thr. 116. White-eared Thr.
105. Yellow-breafted Thr. 117. Rufous-naped Thr.
106. Black-chinned Thr. Var. A.
107. Black-breafted Thr. 118. Alarum Thr.
108. Rufous Thr. 11g. Speckled Thr.
109. Mufician Thr. 120. Ant Thr.
110. Barred-tail Thr. 121. Blue-tailed Thr.
111. Buff-winged Thr. 122. King Thr.

HE general characters of the True genus are the fol-
lowing :

Bill ftraitifh, bending towards the point, and flightly notched
near the end of the upper mandible.

Noftrils oval, and for the moft part naked *.

Tongue flightly jagged at the end.

The corners of the mouth furnifhed with a few flender hairs.

The middle toe conneéted to the outer as far as the firft
joint.

* In feveral from the South Seas the noftrils are in part covered with a mem=
branous flap.

Turdus

16

1.
+ MISSEL
THR,

DESCRIPTION.

PLace AND
Manners.

a ra Re oS 3 3Rt.

Turdus vifcivorus, Lin. Sy i. p. 291. No 1.—Scop. ann. ie pe 1326 No 1936
—Brun.65 N° 231 —Krame-, p. 361. 6.—Frifch. pl. 25.
La Grofle Grive, Brif. orn. ii. p. zoo. N° 1.

La Draine, Buf. off ili. p. 295. pl. 19. £. 1-— Pl. el. 489+
Turdus vifcivorus major, Raii Syn. p. 64. A. 1.
Tordo, Olin. uccel. pl. in p. 25.

Miffel Bird, or Shrite, Will. orm. p. 187-—Br. Zool. i, N° 105.—Albin. i.
pl. 33-—rd. Zool.
Br. Muf. Lev. Muf.

HIS, the largeft of the Tbrufh kind, is eleven inches in

length, and weighs near five ounces. The bill is above an
inch long; the colour dufky brown, with the bafe of the lower
mandible and the gape yellow: irides hazel: the upper parts
of the head, neck, and body, are of a greyifh brown, with a
tinge of rufous on the lower part of the back and rump: the fides
of the head and throat are yellowifh white, fpotted with brown ;
from thence to the vent the fame, but marked with larger
roundifh fpots of dufky black: the lower of the wing coverts
tipped with white; the reft brown only: quills grey brown with
pale edges: tail the fame; the three outer feathers tippcd with
white : the legs are yellow: claws black.

The female differs merely in not being of fo bright a colour
as the male. ;

This is a well-known bird, and inhabits Exgland the whole
year, though in fome other parts of Europe is obferved to be
migratory *, and perhaps confined to Europe alone: on the one
hand, we hear of it in Sweden, Denmark, and the weftern parts of

* About Carlile in Cumberland it is much lefs frequent than the Throfle ;
and it is not quite clear that it remains there throughout the winter. Dr.
Hey fham.

10 Rufiia;

THRUSH

Ruffia; on the other, Italy, Comes into Burgundy in Offober and
November, from the mountains of Lorraine; returning to them,
in order to breed, in March and April.

It builds the neft *, with us, in bufhes, or low trees; making it
of mofs, lichen, leaves, &c. lined with fine withered grafs within ;
ftrengthening it on the outfide with twigs. The eggs are four or
five in number, of a dirty flefh-colour, marked with bloody-
coloured {pots.

This bird has a very agreeable fong ; which it frequently be-
gins with the entrance of the new year, fitting onthe top of a tree,
from whence it may be heard a great way off, varying its note
without end; but in melody is much inferior to the Throft/e.

It has been a vulgar notion, that the Mi/éeltoe could not be
propagated, unlefs the feed had paffed the digeftive organs of this
bird. It is indeed a common method that nature takes to propa-

gate this plant, which the fuperftition of ancient times has held

fo facred ; but by no means a weceffary one, as experience proves
it will equally fucceed without T.

It alfo feeds on other berries, fuch as holly, ivy, hawthorn; as
well as caterpillars and other infects ; with which laft it feeds its
young. —It is pretty good eating, though not fo much efteemed
as the leffer fpecies.

In the Leverian Mufeum are two varieties: one of a reddith
cream-colour, paleft beneath, and the belly white, fpotted with
cream-colour ; the other white, fpotted with brown on the un-
der parts. i

* Twice ina year. Albin. .
+ See a paper on the propagation of the Miféltoe, by the Reverend £. Barrel,
Phil. Tranf. vol, XxXxiv. p. 215.

= Wot. II. ‘ D Turdus

VARIETIES.

7

18

2.
+- THROSTLE,

DEscriPpTion,

PLACE AND
Manners.

Tey ED Re W457 Ere

Turdus muficus, Zin. Spf. i. p. 292. N° 4.—Scop. ann. i. N° 196.—Mauller,.
N° 240.—Bruz. 236.—Kramer, p. 361. 8.—Frifch. pl. 27.—Olin, pl.
in p, 25.

La petite Grive, Brif. orn. ii. p. 205. No 2.

La Grive, Buf. cif. ili. p. 280.—P/. enl. 406 *,

Mavis, Throftle, or Song Thruth, Raii Syz. p. 64. A. 2.—Will. orn. p. 188..
—Br. Zool. N° 107.—Ar&. Zool,

Br. Mu. Lev, Mu.

HIS is nine inches in length, thirteen and a half in breadth,
and weighs three ounces. [{t is much lefs in fize than the
Miffel Thrufe, but correfponds much with it in colour: it differs,
however, in the fhape of the {pots in the under parts of the body ;
for, as in the Miffel Thrujb, they are of an irregular fhape, in.
this bird they are formed fomewhat like the heads of arrows, with.
the points upwards.

This is a well-known and much-efteemed bird in England, on
account of its fweet fong, confifting of a great variety of notes,
which it begins early in the fpring, and continues near nine
months.—We often fee this pleafing fongfter perched on fome
tall tree, fweetly beguiling the footfteps of the liftening tra-
veller.

It begins to breed very early in fpring, hatching the firft
brood, for the moft part, the beginning of 4pri/, and not unfre-
quently bringing two others in May and June. The neft is
placed in fome low bufh, and is compofed of earth, mofs, and.
ftraw intermixed, lining it within with clay; on which it lays
five or fix eges, of a blucifh green, marked with a few fpots.of
black.

* Called by miftake Litorne.
This

AEA), Ue Wr SE ET

‘This is a folitary fpecies, never uniting, with us, into flocks:
Tike the Fieldfare and Redwing 3 yet in France is faid to be mi-
gratory *, coming into the province of Burguedy twice in a year ;
the firft time, when the grapes are ripe, and doing great damage
to the vineyards*f, and difappearing with the firft frofts: they
appear again in 4pri/, and moft of them depart in May, leaving
a very few behind, which are obferved to breed {. In Sweden |
only feen in fummer.

It is met with in many parts of Rufia, efpecially where junz-
pers grow ; moft frequent about the river Kama: but not in
Sibirias.

A bird of this kind is mentioned by 4/drovand**, which differed
only in having the top of the head white; and another by
Swenckfield ++, with a whitifh creft, and the neck encompaffed
with a ring of the fame colour.

Birds of this kind are fometimes feen wholly of a white,
though for the moft part that white has more or lefs of a mix-
ture of brown {{; which is the cafe with one now in the

« It probably fhifts its quarters in winter, in the north of Exgland and Scotland,
as Dr. Hey/bam of Carlifle (to whom we owe many obfervations on the birds
which are in thofe parts) has never been able to meet with one during the win-
ter feafon ; and feems inclined to think, that it either leaves that country in
winter, or retires to the moft thick and folitary woods. At the latter end of Fe-
bruary it is found there plentiful. Mr. Ekmarck obferves, that incredible
quantities of the Song and Mifél Thrujhes, and Fieldfares, are obferved to pafs
through Livonia, Gourland, and Pruffa, for a fortnight after Michaelmas, making
their way as far as the 4s. Aman Acad, vol. iv. p. 578.

+ Hence called Grive da Vigne. Hit. des oif.

fT Itis met with at Aleppo, Rufell.

|| Aman, Acad. ii. p. 45. § Mr. Pennant. ~ #* Av. il. p. 601.

tt dv, Silef. p. 362. ti Aift. des vifm—See Frifch. pl. 33.

D2 Leverian

VARIETIES.

20

3
GUIANA THR.

DEscripPTion,

Pace.

e
JAMAICA
THR.

DESCRIPTION,

Re
+ LITTLE
THR,

DescriPrTion.

Teal Re) Sir:

Leverian Mufeum: but 1 likewife obferve one there which is of a
pure white.

La Grive de la Guiane, Buf. cif. ilie p. 289.—Pl. enl. 398. f. 16

EN GTH feven inches. Bill reddifh: upper parts of the
body greenifh brown: edges of the coverts and quills paler :
beneath dufky yellowifh white, longitudinally ftreaked with
dufky : legs reddifh brown: under part of the tail white.
Inhabits Guiana.

Br. Muf.

IZE of our Black-dird. Bill ftout, brown: head brown:

chin and fore part of the neck white, dafhed with ftreaks of
brown; the lower part of the neck plain white: breaft cine-
reous ; from thence to the vent white: upper parts of the body
dark afh-colour: quills and tail dufky: legs brown.

In the Britifb Mufeum, where it is called the Famaica Thrufh :
bears much affinity to the laft.

Le Mauvis de le Caroline, Brif- orn. ii. p. 212. N° 4.

Le Grivette d’Amerique, Buf. o/. ill. p. 289.

Little Thruth, Care. Car. pl. 31.— Edw. 296.—ArG. Zool.
Br. Muf. Lev. Muy.

EN GT H near feven inches. Bill sale brown, briftly at the
bafe: round the eye a lightifh ring: head, and all the upper

furface of the body, reddifh brown, or clay-colour : breaft yel-
lowifh,

Terr ORoU; SAH:

lowifh, marked with dufky fpots: chin, belly, thighs, and under
tail-covert, white: legs cinereous.

This fpecies is common in Philadelphia throughout the fum-
mer. They build their nefts in the fwamps and thick woods.
They come in 4pri/, and retire into Carolina in Autumn, where
they winter. .

Motacilla aurocapilla, Lin. Syf. i. p. 334. N° 29.
Le Figuier 4 téte d’or de Penfilvanie, Brif. orn. iii. p. 504. N° 57.
La Grivelette de St. Domingue, Buf. oi. v. p. 317.—Pl. enl. 398. f. 2.
Golden-crowned Thruth, Edw. pl. 252.—4ré. Zool,

Br. Muf.

IZE of a Hedge Sparrow: length five inches and three

quarters. Bill brown, with a few weak hairs at the bafe, which
is flefh-colour: the crown of the head is golden yellow: over
the eyes a black ftreak, tending to the hind-head: ‘the upper
parts of the plumage brownifh green: fides of the head, and
under parts, white, fpotted as far as the belly with black, the
reft plain: quills and tail deep olive: legs yellowifh brown.
One of thefe, in the poffeffion of Major Davies, has the top of
the head buff-yellow: the forehead black, divaricating into two
ftreaks on each fide of the crown: fides of the head pale, fpotred
on each fide of the chin in the fhape of whifkers : the under parts
marked with triangular fpots, except the middle of the belly.
This fpecimen is fix inches in length, and feems a trifling
variety. j

It inhabits Penfylvania and New York in fummer;_ builds
on the ground ; lays five white eges, fpotted with brown, chiefly
on the fouth fide of a hill.

. Tuardus

Qt

6.
GOLDEN-
CROWNED:

THR.

DESCRIPTION.

PLACE AND
ManneERse

2, EL Re Oe “Sets

ie Turdus iliacus, Liz. Sy. i. p. 292. N° 3.—Scop. N® 196.— Muller, p. 20.
« REDWING. 239. — Georgi en p. fe ae: p- 361. a Frifch. pl. wee
Olina, pl. in p. 25. :
Le Mauvis, Bri/. orn. ii. p, 208. N°3. pl. 20. f. 1.—Hift. des o//. iii. p. 309.
—PI. enl. 51.
Redwing, Swinepipe, or Wind Thruth, Radi Syn. p. 64. A. 4.— Will. orn.
p- 189.—Albin. pl. 35.—Br. Zool, N° 108.—Ardic Zool.
Br. Muf. Lev. Muy.

DescriPTion. "THIs is lefs than the Fieldfare: is in length near eight inches,
and weighs two ounces and a quarter. The bill is blackifh,
but the under mandible whitifh at the bafe: irides deep hazle :
* the colour of the plumage is not very unlike that of the Throft/e ;
but differs in having a white ftreak over the eye, almoft to the
hind-head ; and the fides of the body and under the wings reddifh
orange: the legs are pale grey: the claws brown.
Pi vee aes Thefe birds appear in this kingdom along with the Fie/dfare,
MAnNers. in vaft flocks; and are faid to precede that bird a few days in its
arrival.
In general manners it likewife coincides with the Fre/dfare.
This f{pecies is faid to perch on high trees in the Maple forefts
in Sweden, and to have a fine note in fpring. The neft is placed
in fome low fhrub or hedge; and the female lays fix blue-green
eges, {potted with black*. It pretty generally accompanies the
Fieldfare im all its migrations, and is found with it in breeding-
time, in the moft northern parts of the continent.

* Faun. Suec.

Aoonalafhka

Bo WR UW Si

Aoonalafhka Thruth, 4a. Zool.

IZE of a Lark. Crown and back brown, marked with ob-
fcure dufky fpots: breaft yellow, fpotted with black: wing

coverts, prime quills, and tail, duflky, edged with teftaceous.
Inhabits Aconalafbka. fn Sir Fof. Banks’s colleétion.

La Grive Baffeterre de Barbarie, Buff. oé/. ili. p. 313-
Green Thruth, Shaw’s Trav. p. 253+

S IZE of the Mifel Thrufo. Head, neck, and back, fine light
green: wings like thofe of a Lark: breaft white, and fpotted
like that of a Thrufh: rump of an elegant yellow: tail tipped
with the fame. ‘he legs are ftronger and fhorter than thofe of a
Thrufh.
Shaw fays, that he met with this bird in Barbary; but it is not
common. The only time that it is feen is about the time of figs,
in the f{ummer months.

Le Merle olivatre de Barbarie, Buf. oi/: iii. p. 404.

IZ of the laft. The bill reddifh brown: the upper part

of the body olive yellow: leffer wing coverts the fame, tinged
with brown; the greater, and quills, black: the under parts of
the body dirty white: the wings reach to the middle of the tail,
which is even at the end ; the feathers blackifh, with yellow tips:
the legs are fhort and lead-coloured.,

Vk - Turdus

23

8.
AOONALASHe-
KA THR.

DEscRIPTIONe

9.
BARBARY THR.

DeEscRiPTIONs.

PLacéo.

160
TRIPOLI
THR.

DeEscRIPTION».

24

11.
a FIELDFARE.

DESCRIPTION.

Pack AND
MANNERS.

T H R U S-#H.

Turdus pilaris, Lia. Syf. i, p. 291. No 24 — Faun. Succ, 215. — Scop. aa. ie
p. 133. N° 194. — Brun. 65, 232. — Muller, p. 29. N° 238. — Georgi
Reife, p.173.—Frifch. t. 26.—Kram. el. p. 361. N°7.

ua Litorne; ou Tourdelle, Brif. ora. ii. p. 214. N* 5.—Baf. oif. ili. p. 301.
pl. 1g. f. 2.—Pl. en. 490 *.

Fieldfare, or Feldefare, Radi Syz. p.64. A. 3.—-Will. orn. p. 188. pl. 37.—=
Br. Zool. N° 106.—Albin. i. pl. 26.—Are. Zool.

Lev. Muf.

ENGTH ten inches: breadth feventeen: weight four

ounces. The bill is yellowifh, with a black-tip; at the
gape of the mouth a few black briftles: the crown of the head,
and hind part of the neck, are cinereous olive; the firit {potted
with black: the upper furface of the body, and wings, chefnut
brown: rump afh-colour: quills cinereous, with pale edges: the
fore part of the neck and breaft yellowifh, inclined to rufous, each
feather being more or lefs brown in the middle: the belly,
thighs, and vent, dufky white: tail black-brown: legs blackifh.
The male and female much alike.

This bird is migratory, pafling the winter in England, to
which it comes at the beginning of Oéfober ; fooner or later, ac=
cording to the approaching rigour of the feafon in the place of
its fummer retreat, which is the more northern parts, viz. Ruffia,
Sibiria, Kamt{chatka, Sweden, and Norway: fometimes come into
England in prodigious flocks, but in mild winters few or none are
feen. They migrate into France and Italy likewife, but do not
arrive at the firft till the beginning of December -. This and

© This is named Calandrotte, by miftake. t Hit. des oif.

I

9 the

tebe RAUL 'S ) EY

the Redwing fuppofed to be the Turdi * of the Romaz hiftorians,
which are faid to have been kept in fattening aviaries by thou-
fands together, and efteemed a dainty.

Linnazus tells us, that it builds in high trees in Sweden +, and
frequents the places where jumipers grow. During its ftay with us,
it eats hawthorn, holly, and other berries. The fiefh is tolerably
good, though apt to be bitter. — This bird is by fome called the
Pigeon Fieldfare. 1 know only of three varieties.

La Litorne tachetée, Bri/. orn. ii. po 218. B.
Pied Fieldfare, /din. ii. pl. 36.

HIS has a white head and neck; the firft {potted with

black, the laft with lead-colour. Throat and breaft rufous,
fpotted with black: back brown: rump cinereous: the under
parts white, fpotted with black.

La Litorne 4 téte blanche, Brif. orn. ii. p. 217. A.

"TP HIs has the head and upper part of the neck white: the reft

as in commen.

* Br. Zool.—The poets mention them in many places, viz. Hor. Ep. xv. 1. At.
—Perf. Sat. vi. 1. 24.—Mart. Ep. \. xiii. ep. 92.

+ Faun. Suec. — A neft has been found at Paddington, near London. — See
Hari. Mifcel. 11. 561.—Barring. Mifc. p. 221»

Vot. Il. E , Lev,

Var. Ae

Var. Bo

25

26°

Var. ec.

42.
+ RED-
BREASTED:
THR..

Descriprion.

PLACE AND
Manners,

TH RF UL SH

Lev. Muf.

Li E third variety has the head and neck white: the reft’of
the body white, mixed with brown in patches.
This was fhot in Derdy/bire, and is in the Leverian Mufeum.

Turdus migratorius, Liz. Sy/f. i. p. 292- N° 6.
La Grive de Canada, Brif. orn.ii. p.225. N° 9.—Pl. enl. 556. te-
La Litorne de Canada, Buf. cif. iii. p. 307-
Fieldfare of Carolina, Catefb. Car. i. pl. 29
Robin Redbreaft, Kalz. Trav. il. p. go-
American Fieldfare, Phil. Tranf. \xii. p. 399.—Ar&. Zool.
Br. Muf. Lev. Muf.

IZE of the Mifel Thrufh: length nine inches: breadth:

twelve. Bill brown, with the bafe yellow: eye-lids white: the
upper parts of the body olive-brown ; the under rufous: the tips:
of many of the feathers of the breaft and belly very pale, or
whitifh: the throat white, marked with narrow dafhes of black :-
tail black, edged with olive brown: legs brown. Male and fe-
male much alike.

This is a native of America. It is found in New York, Vir=-
ginia, and Carolina the whole year ;. migrates in the more north-
ern parts in fpring,.in May; returning fouthward on the firft ap-
proach of froft. Found as far as Hud/on’s Bay*. ‘Thefe build in:
trees, and lay four beautiful light-blue eggs. When at large, are-
faid to fing finely ; but do not bear confinement in a cage. Their:

* One of. thefe was lately brought from Nootka Sound,
3 food:

T HR Wis Hw.

food chiefly worms and infects. Are alfo very fond of the feeds
of Saffafras ; as well as Tupelo and Poke Lerries*.

This is not a fhy bird, as it is feen frequently hopping on the
ground, quite clofe to the houfes.

At Hudfon’s Bay it is known by the name of Reddird: the
Indian name is Pee-pee-chue.

ENGT H ten inches. Bill black; bafe of the under man-

dible yellowifh, and befet with a few briftles: head almoft
black : from the back part of the eye to the hind-head a ferru-
ginous ftreak: the upper parts of the body dufky afh-colour:
the wing coverts afh-colour; the leffer ones plain ; all the others
marked with a ferruginous triangular fpot at the tip: the prime
quills dufky ; each feather marked with two ferruginous fpots on
the outer web, one neat the bafe, the other about the middle;
the fecond quills have one of thefe marks near the end, but
paler: the tail is dufky afh-colour: the under parts of the body
rufty orange, paleft near the vent: acrofs the breaft a band of
black : legs yellow.

‘The female is of a dufky afh-colour above: throat and chin
the fame, but paler, a little mixed with white: breaft of a dull
red, growing nearly white towards the vent, and not croffed with
a band of black, as in the male.

This fpecies was found by our late voyagers at George’s Sound,
and is in the poffeffion of Sir Fof. Banks.

* Phytolacca decandra, Liz, —- It is faid frequently to eat fo many of thefe, at
the end of the year, that the flefh itfelf appears of a purplifh colour.

Ea Lew,

13.
SPOTTED THR.

DescRIPTLONe

FEMALES

Pacey

28

TA
KAMTSCHAT-
KA THR.

DESCRIPTION.

PLACE.

15.
TAWNY THR.

DescRIPTIONe

16.
BROWN THR,

DescRIPTION.

PLAcE.

VE Re 2S <r,

Lev. Mu/f.

ENGTH fix inches. Bill dufky; tip black: the upper

parts of the plumage are pale brown: between the bill and
eye black, which is continued in a ftreak a little way under the
eye; over the eye a pale ftreak : the chin and throat of a beau-
tiful pink-colour; the reft of the under parts of a brownifh
white: tail the colour of the back, and a little cuneiform in
fhape: legs dufky: claws black.

Inhabits Kamt/chatka.

Tawny Thruth, 4ré. Zool.

‘I ZE of the Redwing. Head, back, and wing coverts, tawny,
brighteft on the head: cheeks brown, fpotted with white:
throat, breaft, and belly, white, marked with large black fpots :
rump, primaries, and tail, plain brown: ends of the tail feathers
fharp-pointed: legs pale brown. ‘

Brown Thrufh, 47. Zool.

IZE_ of the Redwing. Head, neck, back, cheeks, wing
coverts, and tail; olive brown; primaries dufky: breaft and

belly dirty white, marked with great brown fpots: legs dufky.
The two laft inhabit New York *.

* Mr, Pennant.

Grive

AL) OED GAR eS SEL,

Grive 1'°, Ferm. Surin, ii. p. 187+

IZE ofa Lark. Plumage mixed, yellow and grey, except
down the ridge of the back, which has a yellowifh ftripe.

Grive 2'¢, Ferm. Surin. ii. p. 187.

S IZE of the laft. The upper parts of the plumage brown,
the under whitifh; all intermixed with whitifh and black
feathers, chiefly towards the head and tail.

Both the above are found at Surinam; but, as Fermin gives fo
fhort an account of them, it is fcarcely clear whether they are
diftinét, or referable to any known fpecies. He obferves, that
both feed on worms and infects, and are good to eat.

La Litorne de Cayenne, Buf. oi/. iii. p. 3060
Grive de Cayenne, PZ. el. 515.

IZE of a Song Thrufh: length eight inches. Bill dufky :

the upper parts of the plumage cinereous, with white mar-
gins: throat dufky : breaft and belly dirty white ; the middle of
the feathers dufky: the vent white: greater wing coverts and
quills black, with ferruginous edges; the greater quills plain
black : tail cinereous: legs dufky.

Inhabits Cayenne.

a9

17.
YELLOW-
BACKED THR.

DeEscRiprion.

18.
VARIEGATED
THR.

DeEscRIPTION.

Pace.

1g.
CAYENNE
THR.
DeEscrRIPTION»

PLACE,

39

20.
PAGODA THR.

DescriPTion:

PLACE.

21.
MALABAR
THR.

DESCRIPTION.

PLACE:

22.
RUFOUS-
TAILED THR.

DescrRIPTION.

Pl GA NR aU 4S oe.

Le Martin Brame, Sox. Voy. Ind. ii. p. 189.

A THER bigger than the Houfe Sparrow. Bill black,
with the end half yellow: irides blue: the feathers of the
head are black, long, and narrow, and form a creft ; thofe of the
throat, neck, breaft, and belly, are of the fame fhape, and each
has a line of white down the fhaft: the back, wing coverts, and
rump, are grey: the quills and tail black: under tail -coverts
white: legs and claws yellow.
This inhabits the coafts of Malabar and Coromandel, where it
is called Martin Brame, as it chiefly is met with about the towers
of the Pagodas.

Le Martin vieillard de la Céte de Malabar, Son. Voy. Ind. ii. p. 195.

NDER eight inches in length. The bill is black, inclining
to yellow at the tip: the head’and neck feathers are long
and narrow, of acinerous grey, with a ftreak of white down the
fhaft: the back, rump, wing coverts, and tail, are cinereous grey:
quills black: the breaft, belly, and under tail coverts, rufous
brown: the legs yellow.
Inhabits the coaft of Malabar.

LENGTH feven inches. Bill black ; tip curved : upper parts
of the bird olive brown, beneath pale purplifh white: quills

and tail dufky; all but the two middle feathers rufous for two-
thirds

Tory URS) Hi: 31

thirds of their length: the upper tail coverts are. alfo rufous:
legs black.
From the Cape of Good Hope. In the collection of Sir Fo/eph Praces
Banks. 230
RED-TAILED
THR.
LENGTH feven inches. Bill dufky, with a very few hairs at Description.
the bafe: upper parts of the plumage dufky olive green:
erown of the head. dufky: throat and breaft rufous: over the
eyes a ftreak of white; through the eyes another of black: quills,
and two middle tail feathers, dufky reddifh brown; the reft of.
the tail feathers rufous : legs black..
From the Cape of Good Hope.. Piaces-

| DARK THR.
-YENERAL colour of the plumage brown :. the breaft inclined Description.

to black; over the eyes a ftreak of white :. the chin and
vent are alfo white.
This is-a Sibirian {pecies, and found in the woods. beyond PLACE.
Lake. Baikal. Its call.is like the cry of a Kefril.

, 25-
Turdus ruficollis, Pall. Trav. iii. p. 694.- RED-NECKED
? THR.

"THE upper parts of the body,.and two middle tail feathers, Desceiprion.
are brown : the reft of the tail and neck-rufous: breaft and
belly white.
Inhabits the Larch forefts beyond the Lake. Baikal.. PLACE.

26.
WHITE-
BROWED THR.

ESS than the laft. The mouth yellow: general colour of Descaiprion,
the plumage black: a ftreak over the eyes, and under the

wings, white..

Turdus Sibiricus, Pall. Trav. iii. p. 694. 40~

Inhabits

32

PLACE.

27.
PALE THR.

DEsCRIPTION.

PLaceE.

28.
REED THR.

D=scRIPTION.

PLacE AND
Manners,

Tio” Roe Ue.S2 H.

Inhabits the woods of the northern parts of Rafia: fines
well: fond of the fruit dlack-berried Heath *.

HE body of this bird is yellowifh afh-colour: the under
parts whitifh, inclining to yellow on the neck: the tail is
cinereous brown: the outer feathers white at the tips.
Inhabits Sidiria ; found only beyond Lake Baikal +.

Turdus arundinaceus, Liz. Sy/?. i. p. 296. N° 25.

La Ronfferolle, ou Roucherolle, Brif. orn. ii. p. 219. N° 6.—Buf. oi. iii.
p. 293. pl. 18.— Pi. el. 513.

Rohrvogel, Kram. El. p. 375. N° 8.

Junco 1™ Aldrov. Rati Syx, p. 113. A. 7 ?—Will. orn. p. 311. pl. 58.

Junco, or greater Reed Sparrow, Raii Syx. p. 47. N° 2.—Will. orn. p. 143.

ATHER bigger than a Lark: length feven inches. The upper
mandible brown; the lower whitifh: the plumage is rufous
brown above, and of a dirty white beneath: chin nearly white :
quills brown, edged with rufous brown: tail the colour of the
back: legs grey.

This is an European bird, frequenting marfhy places, efpecially
where reeds grow, and is obferved to run up them as Woodpeckers
on a tree ; but is not found in Exgland, as far as has come to our
knowledge. Said to be common in the fouthern parts of Ruffia,
and in Poland t, frequenting the fmall iflands of the Vi/tula,

* Empetrum nigrum, Lin. + Mr. Pénnant.

+ M. Sounerat is alfo faid to have met with this very {pecies in the Philippine
thands, Hijt. des vif.

2 making

T HR U S$ 4H,

making its neft on the moffy hillocks among the reeds and rujbes*,
and laying five or fix eggs. The male is perpetually finging
while the female is fitting: hence has been by fome called the
Water Nightingale.

Lev. Muy.

IZE of the Nightingale: length fix inches and a half. Bill
pale brown: upper parts of the body pale teftaceous brown ;
the under dufky white: over the eye a ftreak of the fame: quills
dufky, edged the colour of the back: rump and tail rufous ; all
but the two middle feathers have a bar of black near the end,
which is fartheft from the end on the outer feather; from the
bar to the tip, three of the outer feathers are white; the fourth
white on the inner web only ; and next to that the white is want-
ing: the legs are pale brown.
This inhabits Gibraltar.

Turdus plumbeus, Liz. Syff.i. p. 294. N° 12.

Le Merle cendré d’Amérique, Bri/. orz.ii. p. 288. N° 40.—Pi. el. 560. I.
Le Tilly, ou la Grive cendrée d’Amérique, Buf. oi. iii. p. 314.
Red-legged Thrufh, Cate. Car. i. pl. 30.—4r, Zool.

IZE of the Redwing: length ten inches: weight two ounces
and a half, Bill, eyelids, and irides, red: palate orange:
head, and upper parts of the body, deep afh-colour: between the
bill and eye a black fpot: throat white, fpotted with black ; from
thence all the under parts are afh-colour, growing almoft white
towards the vent: quills blackifh, edged with grey: tail cunei-

* Kramer fays, that it fufpends the neft between three reeds faftened together.

Vot. Il. F form,

28.
Var. A.

DeEsCRIPTION.

PLAceE.

29.
RED-LEGGED
THR.

DeEscriIPrion-

34

FEMALE.

PLAcEe

300
THICK-BILLED
THR.

Pi. XXXVII.

DESCRIPTION.

FEeMALB,

PLAGE.

hors Ry US i:

form, and blackifh; the four outer feathers on each fide
tipped with white: legs red.

That defcribed by Cazefby had the bill, and whole of the
throat, black ; and the reft of the body dufky blue.

The female is fmaller than the male.

Found in feveral parts of North America, frequently feen in
Carolina, and are faid to be moft common in the iflands of
Andros and [lathera.

Lev. Mus.

SIZE of the Mifel Thrufh: \ength nine inches. Bill three

quarters of an inch; very ftout for the genus, and notched
near the tip; the colour blackifh; at the bafe a few briftles:
irides pearl-coloured: the upper parts of the plumage are rufous
brown : fides of the head, and all the under parts, dufky brown,
verging to afh-colour about the neck; each feather marked down
the fhaft with a very pale rufous ftreak as far as the breaft, and
from thence with a white one: the quills, and two middle tail
feathers, are darker than the back; the reft of the feathers like
thofe of the Redftart’s tail, but duller: the tail is even at the
end, and the feathers. rather pointed at the tips: the legs.
dufky.

The female is wholly of a pale reddifh brown, lighteft beneath,
where it is dafhed with white like the male: acrofs the wing
coverts two rufous bars..

This fpecies was met with in Nee Zealand, both in Dufky

Bay and Queen Charlotte’s Sound. Sir Fofeph Banks’s drawings

inform me that it is known there by the name of Gold devo.
9 SIZE.

DOO ann es

II

T HH R U S H.

35

Sr.
BAY THR,

IZE of the Song Thrufb: length eight inches and a half, Descarrrion.

Bill an inch and a quarter, notched at the tip, and of a reddifh
pearl-colour: general colour of the plumage rufous brown: quills
edged with dufky: tail rounded in fhape and dufky : legs dufky
black.

Inhabits Ulietea. In the collection of Sir Fofeph Banks.

Turdus canorus, Liz. Syf.i. p. 293. N° 8.

Le Merle de Bengale, Brif- ors. ii. p. 260. N° 25.

Le Baniahbou de Bengale, Buf. oif. ili. p. 379.—Albin. iil. pl. 19.
Brown Indian Thrufh, Edw. pl. 184.

Crying Thruth, Of. Voy. ii. p. 121.

PLACE.

326
CRYING THR.

IZE of a Blackbird: length nine inches and a half. Bill and Descrierion.

irides yellow: the upper parts of the body are brown; the
under the fame, but paler, almoft grey: quills and tail dufky
brown ; the edges of the firft pale: the eyes are furrounded with
a matrow white line, extending a little way down on each fide:
legs reddifh.

The female is ferruginous, except three of the qui Iand
three of the tail feathers, which are in great part white.

This is common at Bengal and China, where it is known by
the name of Wa-mew. It is faid to fing very loud; and, on
account of its ftrong voice, may not unaptly be called the Crying

TLhrufb.
The food is rice, moths, flies, flefo, 8c.
It is common at Canton, and there fold for a piaftre apiece *.
* Ofveck.
Fo I am

Femareo

PLacE AND
Manners.

36 Ta RU Sei:

I am fatisfied that this bird is no more than our white-wreathed
Shrike, vol. i. p. 178; the more fo, fince Linneus has quoted
the fame place in the Aman. Acad. for both birds *

CHINESE THR. Turdus Chinenfis, Liz. Sy. i. p. 294. Ne 20.
x Le Grive de la Chine, Bri/- orn. ii. p. 221. N° 7. pl. 23. f. 1.
L’Hoamy de la Chine, Buf. oi/ ili. p. 316.
DEscRIPTION. ESS than a Redwing, but not unlike it: length eight inches
and three quarters. Bill one inch ; yellowifh : plumage above
rufous brown; beneath the fame, but pale: the head and neck
are longitudinally ftriped with brown, each feather being fo in
the middle: above each eye a flender white line: tail brown,
tranfverfely croffed with deeper brown bars, which are moft
vifible beneath: legs yellow, and pretty long. This was a
female.

Mate. In fome fine drawings from China, I faw a pair of thefe de-
lineated: the female anfwered pretty nearly as above. The male
was rufous brown above, and rufous yellow beneath; middle of
the belly afh-colour: the ftreak over the eye more confpicuous,
and paffing farther behind : the tail rounded in fhape, and toed
with fix narrow bars of black.

Prace. This fpecies inhabits China, where it is called Hoamy.

* Some fine Chinefe drawings have lately come under my infpection, in
which was this bird: it feemed clearly to be a Thrufo, and not a Shrike 5 and
will in courfe render the whole which has been faid before under that head un-
neceflary. ae

LENGTH

ie) Fe RY OF S* ET.

LLENGTH eleven inches. Bill lead-coloured, pale at the tip:

upper parts of the body reddifh brown: over the eye a white
line: lore and chin white: cheeks black, paffing in a crefcent
on the fore part of the neck: on the middle of the black part
behind the eye a patch of loofe white feathers: the hind part of
the neck, and the breaft, reddifh : belly reddifh white: vent plain
white: tail long, rounded at the end; near the ends black, the
tips white: the legs are lead-coloured: claws white.

Inhabits China.

LENGTH feven inches. Biil ftrait, black: all the fore part
of the head, taking in the eye, the chin, and throat, are
black ; the reft of the plumage of a pale blueifh lead-colour :
the quills and tail are dufky, edged with the general colour: all
the feathers of the laft, except the two middle ones, tipped with
white: legs black.
Found in Adventure Bay, Van Diemen’s Land. Inthe collection
of Sir Fofeph Banks.

IZE of a Blackbird. Bill dufky; at the bafe of the upper
mandible a fet of erect hairs, and a few ftraggling ones at
the gape: the head, lower part of the neck, breaft, and belly,
grey: back and wings ereenifh brown: round the eyes, the chin,
and throat, black : on the ear a large fpot of white: legs brown:
fome fpecimens have the forehead likewife black. .
This

37
CRESCENT
THR.

DescriPTioNe

PLaceE.
Bice
‘NEW HOL-
LAND THR.

DescriPTion.

PLACE.

36.
BLACK-FACED
THR.

DeEscriIPTION.

‘PLACE.

PHILIPPINE
THR.
DeEscRIPTION.

PLACE.

38.
SURAT THR.

DescrIPTION.

PLACE.

39-
PACIFIC THR.

DEscRIPTION.

PLaceE.

Dy be RP Ui. St

‘This inhabits China, where it is common in the woods, and

lives moftly on infects. It is known there by the name of
Shan-hu.

La petite Grive des Philippines, Buf. oi. iii. p. 316.
Lev, Mu/.

IZE of the laft. Upper parts of the body olive brown:
neck and breaft rufous, fpotted with white: the belly and
vent yellowifh white. . .

Brought from the Philippine Iles by M. Sonnerat.

Le Merle huppe de Surate, Sox. Voy. Ind. ii. p. 194.

ENGTH eight inches. Bill pale rufous: irides red: head
and neck black: the feathers on the crown are long, narrow,
and black, and fall on the neck: the breaft, belly, and under
tail coverts, dirty grey: the back and rump amber-colour:
wing coverts deep changeable green; the fecondaries the fame ;
the two next to the body dirty grey; and the greater quills
and tail black : legs black.
Inhabits Surat.

-ENGTH five inches and a half. Bill dufky: upper parts of
the plumage afh-colour: fides of the head, under the eye,

and all the under parts, brownifh white: the fides of the neck

and breaft moft inclined to brown: between the bill and eye a
dufky ftreak: tail black; the tips of all the feathers white:

legs dufky.

From the Friendly Ifes. In the collection of Sir Fofeph Banks.

LENGTH

Mee Ea Ros 7S." FA. 39
40.
SANDWICH:
THR.
J ENGTH five inches and a half. Bill dufky: the upper Descriprion..
parts of the plumage pale brown: forehead and under parts
cinereous white: belly and lower part of the thighs pale brown:
tail even at the end: legs dufky.

Inhabits Sandwich Ifands. In the collection of Sir Fofepb PLacee
Banks. g

Turdus rufus, Lin. Syf.i. p. 293. N° ge. + FERRUGI-
La Grive de la Caroline, Bri/: orz. ii. p. 223. N° 8. NOUS THR.
Le Moqueur Frangois, Buf. oi/- iii. p. 323.—Pl. enl. 645,
Foxecoloured Thrufh, Care/o. Car. i. pl. 28.—<Adr&, Zool.

Br. Mzf. Lev. Muf.

IZE of a Fieldfare: \ength eleven inches. Bill blackifh: Descarrrion:
irides yellow: the head and upper parts of the body are ru-
fous; the under parts dirty white, marked with brown {pots :
the fecond and greater coverts tipped with white, making a
double white bar on each wing: quills brown, with rufous mar-
gins: tail wholly rufous, rounded,, and above four inches long:
legs brown.
This is found in various parts of America: in Virginia and PLACE:
Carolina it remains the whole year.
It feeds chiefly on the Bird Cherry, and has a great variety of
notes, but does not fing near fo fweetly as the next fpecies..
It is called in Virginia the French Mocking Bird. It is ob-
ferved to make a kind of hiffling noife on the approach of any
one.

Turdus:

40

42.
MIMIC THR,

Description.

PLacE AND
Manners.

T H RUS H.

‘Turdus polyglottus, Lin. Sy. i. p.293- N° 10.

Le grand Moqueur, Brif. orn. ii. p. 266. N° 29.—Buf. ei/. ili. p. 325.—
Pl. enl. 558. f. 1.

Singing Bird, Mocking Bird, or Nightingale, Raii Syx. p. 64. N° 5. p. 185.
31.—Sloan. Fam. ii. 306. N° 34.

The Mock Bird, Cate. Car. i. pl. 27.—Kalm. Trav. i. p. 217. ii. p. go.
pl. 3.—4r&, Zool.

Br. Muf. Lev. Muf.

QIZE of a Blackbird, but more flender: length nine inches

and a half. Bill black: irides dirty yellow: the plumage of
an uniform grey, but much paleft on the under parts: tail four
inches long: legs grey.—The female is like the male.

This is common throughout America and Famaica ; but changes
its place in the fummer, being feen much more to the northward
than in winter. It is frequent in moift woods. The eggs are
of apearl-celour, fpotted with brown. It builds both in bufhes
and trees: often makes the neft near plantations, in the fruit-
trees *; byt is as fhy as the Redftart in England; for if any one
look at the eggs, the bird will forfake the neft. The young may
be brought up, but it is with great difficulty, not one time in
ten fucceeding. If the young are taken-in the neft, the mother
will feed them for a few days, but is fure to defert them after-
wards.

The food chiefly confifts of berries of feveral kinds, mulberries,
and zu/ecis; and the flefh is accounted very palatable.

This bird is faid to be the moft excellent fongfter in the world,
the Nightingale of Europe not excepted ; and like that frequently

* Often in the ebony-tree. Sloane.

fings

aia Hla) Sle:

fings the greateft part of the night, perched on the fummit of
fome tall tree, or chimney top. Its natural note is truly fine,
and varied without end; but befides this, it has the faculty of
imitating the notes of ethers, which it even exceeds in me-

lody.

Turdus orpheus, Ziz. Sy/.i. p. 293. N° 11-

Le Moqueur, Brif. orn. ii. p. 262. N° 27.—Bufy oif- iil» p. 325+
Cencontlatolli, Raiz Syz. p. 159.

Polyglott Bird, WilJ. orn. p. 294.

Leffer Mocking Bird, Edw. pl. 78.—Brown. Fam. p. 469.

SOMEWHAT lefs than the laft: length eight inches and a
half. Bill blackifh brown; the bafe befet with briftles:
through the eyes pafies a kind of wreath, from the gape to
the hind head, and over the eyes is a pale line: the upper part
of the body is brownifh afh-colour; the under very pale, nearly
white: tail a lictle cuneiform in fhape; of a dufky brown colour,
except the outer feathers, which are wholly white, and the fecond
white on the outer web: legs black.
This is a native of the warmer parts of America, Famaica, 8c.
Like the laft, it has a fong infinitely varied, and imitates likewife
that of all other birds.

j
6

Le Moqueur varie, Bri/. orz. ii. p. 264.
Tzaupan, Raii Syn. p. 160.—Will. orn. 394.

HIS differs merely in being variegated with black and
whitifh above; and having a mixture of black and cine-
reous, fpotted with white, beneath.
Said to be found in New Spain.
Wgite lille G Turdus

41

43.
MOCKING
THR.

Descrirvrien.

va A.

DescriPTioNn.

PLACEs

42 HR Us Bw.

+ ST. ‘NOMIN. Turdus Dominicus, Lin. Sy/. 1. p. 295. N° 21.
GO THR. Le Merle de St. Domingue, Brif: ora. ii. p. 284. N° 38. pl. 27. f. 1.—

Buf. oif. iii. p. 325s
Br. Muf. Lev. Muf.

DeacriPrion. IZE of the Redwing: length eight inches and three quarters..
Bill blackifh : upper parts grey brown; under white: the
ereater wing coverts are blackifh, with the outer edges white ;
the outer ones white, with a blackith dafh near the tip of
each: the quills half white, half dufky, with cinereous edges =
the tail pretty long ; the fix middle feathers blackifh; the others
white, except the outer edge of the third, which is blackith: the

legs are of this laft colour.
Inhabits St. Domingo and Jamaica. I have received them from.

PLace.
the laft place.
45.
YELLOW-BEL« Br. Muf.
LIED THR,
DascriPrion, IZE of the laft. Bill not much curved, except juft at the

end, where there is a fmall notch ; colour black: the upper
parts of the plumage are black : the lower part of the back and
rump ferruginous : the under parts of the body of a pale rufty
yellow, paleft on the chin and fore part of the neck: the fides.
of the body croffed with tranfverfe blackifh lines: acrofs the
middle of the wing a bar of white: tail lightly cuneiform in:
fhape; the outer tail feather white; the fecond and third white
at the ends for an inch; the others juft fringed at the tip with the
fame: legs brown.
Said to come from Brafil,
Turdus.

T He ROU Son 43
, 45.

Turdus merula, Zin. Syf. i. p. 295. N® 22.—Scof. ann. i. N° ip7.—= BLACKBIRD.

Muller, N° 29. N° 241,
Le Merle, Brif. orz. ii, p. 227. N° 10.—Buf. oi/. iii. p. 330. pl. 20.—Pé.

al. ii. 555.
Schwartze amfel. Fri/ch. t. 29.—Kram. el. p. 360. 3.
Merla, Olin. uccel. p. 29.
The Blackbird, Raii Syn. p. 65. A. 1.—Will. orn. p. 190.—Albin. i. pl. 37.

—Br. Zool. i, N° 109. pl. 47.—Ar&. Zool.

Br. Muf. Lev. Muf.

HIS is a well-known bird: its length above ten inches. Description.
The bill, infide of the mouth, and eye-lids, in the male, of
a fine orange yellow: the plumage univerfally black: the legs
black brown.

The female is moftly brown, inclining to rufous beneath, par- FEMALE.
ticularly on the breaft and belly. The bill is dufky black: and
the legs brown.

Young males, for the firft year, much refemble the females ;
not becoming of a full black, nor gaining the yellow bill, till the
fecond year.

This fpecies feems pretty general throughout the temperate Prace awn
parts of Europe; moft authors mentioning it. It is not common ee
in Ruffia, except inthe weftern provinces ; and in refpec&t to fome
parts of that empire is migratory, as it is feldom obferved at
Woronefch, on the river Doz, till paft the-middle of April*; and
as to Sibiria, it has never yet been found there}. It is faid
alfo to be frequent at Aleppo; but in any other part of Afat, or
in Africa, 1 do not recollect to have heard of it.

* Decouv. Rufii. p. 102. + Mr. Pennant.

{ I have indeed feen one very like it in fome Cdine/e drawings, but the legs
were red, as well as the bill, and the under parts of the plumage dufky: it
was about the fame fize and fhape. Probably a variety of N° 27.

G2 This

44

46.
Var. A.
WHITE-

HEADED BL.

46.
Var. B.
PIED BL.

46.
Var. C.
WHITE BL.

TH? R/U) $3)

This fpecies is not gregarious, preferring a folitary life; and
is a timorous, reftlefs bird: it frequents hedges, and is often feen
in gardens, and near habitations, in fummer-time ; but in winter
takes fhelter in deep woods.

It builds generally in fome thicket, frequently in the hawthorn,
making the neft of fraw, mo/s, and dried gra/s, lining the infide
with ¢/ay, on which is a layer of fine hay, &c. The egesareof a.
blueifh green, marked with dark fpots, and four or five in number.
The young birds are eafily brought uptame. The natural note
of this bird is very agreeable, but fo loud that it is only fufferable
at adiftance: it begins its fong very early in fpring, and continues
it great part of fummer: befides this, when tame it may be
taught to whiftle tunes, as well as to imitate the human voice.

In fome counties of Exgland this bird is called the Ouze/.

Le Merle 4 téte blanche, Bri/. orm. il. p. 230, A.

THE Bill, legs, and irides, yellow : head white: the plumage
black, except part of the wings, and behind the eyes fome-
markings of white.

Le Merle varié,. Brif orm. ii. p. 231. B.
Pied Blackbird, 4/dzx. ii. pl. 37.
: Lev. Muf,

VARIEGATED with white and black..

Le Merle blanc, Brif. orn. ii. p. 232+ C,
Lev. Mi.

W HOLLY white. Bill and legs yellowihh,

Mg eee iy, ie) Seg Eas

Le Merle de la Jamaique, Bri. orn. ii. p. 277. N° 34.

———— bruh de la Jamaique, Buf. oi/. iil. p. 391.

Le Merle, Fermin. Surin. ii. p. 182.

The Thruth, Stax. Fam. p. 305. t- 256. f, 2.—Raii Syn. p. 185. N® 30,
Br. Muf.

45

47:

+ WHITE-

CHINNED
THR.

IZE of a Blackbird. Bill orange, with a line of black near Description.

the end: plumage blackifh brown, paleft beneath: chin
and belly whitifh: legs orange. Some fpecimens have a fpot of
white on the fecondaries.

Inhabits Famaica, where it frequents the woody mountains,

and is thought to be good food. The fat is orange-coloured.

A Variety of this, wanting the white chin, was met with at
New Caledonia, in the Sauth Seas.

ERMIN alfo mentions a bird of Surinam *, which feems a
further variety. The bill and legs both orange, and the
colour of the male black. The bill of the female dufky.
This is common. Feeds on fruits and infeéts; and makes the
neft of mofs, finall twigs, and roots, firmly united together..

Le Merle d’Amerique, Brif. orz. ii. p. 308. N° 51.

IZE of a Blackbird. Bill and legs yellow: plumage of a
fhining viclet; black above, ard. dull beneath :. quills rufous
atthetips. The female grey.

* Defer. Surin..vol. il, p. 1826

47>
Var. A.

47-
Var. B.

47-
Var. C,

DESCRIPTION.

46

PLace.

48.
LABRADOR
THR.

DESCRIPTION.

49
+ RING
OUZEL.

DescREPTION.

FEMALEe

T H RU S H.

This is faid to inhabit America *, and is probably a variety
of the others.

ENGT Height inches and a half. Bill ftrait, a very little

‘notch at the tip; one inch long, and black : general colour
of the plumage a gloffy fhining black, with a variable blue
and green tinge: tail three inches three quarters in length: legs
black : hind toe long, and the claw very ftout.

From Labrador, Inthe collection of Sir Fofeph Banks.

‘Turdus torquatus, Lin. Sy. i. p. 296. N° 23.—Faun. Suec. 221.—Scop. anni,
p- 198.—Muller N° 242.—Brun. N° 237.—Kram. p. 360. N° 4.—
Frifeh. te 30.

Le Merle a Collier, Brifi orn. ii. p. 235. N° 12.

a plaftron blanc, Buf. oi/. iii. p. 340. pl. 31.—P/, enl. 516.

Merule congener, Raii Syx. p. 67. N° 12,—Will. orn. p. 195.

Ring Ouzel, or Amfel, Rati Syn. p. 65. A. 2.—Will. orn. p. 194. my
bin. i. pl. 39.—Br. Zool. i. N° 110. pl. 46.—<ArG. Zool,

Br, Muf. Lev. Muf.

N fize this rather exceeds a Blackbird: length eleven inches.

Bill blackifh: infide of the mouth yellow: irides hazel. Ata
diftance this bird appears of a dull black, but on infpection each
feather is found to be margined with grey or afh-colour: on the
breaft is a large patch of white, paffing a little backwards like a
collar: the legs are brown.

The female differs in having the white crefcent on the breaft
much lefs confpicuous, and in fome birds quite wanting ; which

* Probably the warmer parts of it ; as it was firft defcribed by Fewillée, whofe
obfervations were confined to South America and the We? Indies. See Feuill.
OL/, Fourn. p. 125. ed. 1725.

3 has

er Row Se.

has occafioned authors to confider it as a different fpecies, under
the name of Rock Ouzel *.

This is not only a Britifh bird, but is likewife met with in
many parts of the old continent, both in the warmer as well as
colder regions | ; alfo in Africa t and Afa §. It is however in
all thefe places noticed as migratory. They come into Burgundy
in France the beginning of Ofober, in {mall flocks, ftaying only
two or three weeks ; and are feen again in April or May: probably
only paffing and returning to other parts. This circumftance is
likewife obferved to happen in Hamp/bire in this kingdom,.at the
moft not ftaying more than a fortnight at a time. They are
known to breed both in Wales, Cumberland, and. Scotland ; as
alfo in Dartmoor in Devonfhire, where Mr. Pennant has obferved
them; and fays that they build on the fides of ftreams, in the
banks, and that they are very clamorous when difturbed..

Others inform us, that they make the neft on the ground, at
the foot of fome low bufh, and that it is formed like that of the
common Blackbird, and the eggs of the fame colour, and five
innumber. Now and then one is met with in the more fouthern:
parts. Such an ill-fated ftrageler was fhot near Dartford,, about.
four years fince, and is now in my collection..

The food of this bird confilts of infeéts, berries, 8c. ; and when:
fat its flefh is in. much eftimation.

Of this bird varieties have been noticed; fome: quite white,
and others. fpotted with white: as well as a third, which is
bigger than the common one, {potted with. white, and without.

* Willughby, ps 195».
+ Notin Rufia.nor Sibiria. Pennants
{ Adanfon.
About the borders of the Ca/pian Sea, wintering in Perfiae
tne

47

PLacE AND
Manners.

VARIETIESs

50.
-WATER-
OUZEL.

DescriPTIon,

PLace anp
Manners.

Oe Rt ARG Oi: Si EA.

the crefcent on the breaft.: This laft is faid to come into Lor-
rain at the end of autumn, remarkably fat. It feeds on Snails,
and is very adroit in breaking the fhells on a ftone, to get at the
contents; but in want of Sweails feeds on ivy-berries. It is ac-

counted good food *.

Sturnus cinclus, Lia. Syf. i. p. 290. N° 5.—Faun. Suec. N° 214.—Brun.
N° 230.—Muller. p. 29. N° 236.

Motacilla cinclus, Scop. ann. i, N° 223.—Kram. el. p. 374. 3.

Le Merle d’Eau, Brif. orn. v. p. 252. 19.— Buf. of. viii, p. 134. pl. 11.—

PI. exl. 40.
Water Ouzel, or Water Crake, Rai Sy. p. 66. A. 7.—Will, orn, P. 149.
pl. 24.—Albin. ii. pl. 39.—Br. Zool. i. N° 111.—4r&. Zool.

Br. Muf. Lev, Muf.

HIS is fomewhat lefs than a Blackbird: length feven inches
and a half. The bill is ten lines Jong, ftrait, or rather
bending upwards, and curved downwards at the tip; colour
black: the irides are hazel : eyelids white: the upper parts of
the head and neck deep brown; the reft of the upper parts, the
belly, vent, and tail, are black; but the feathers of the back and
wings have brownifh edges: the chin, fore part of the neck, and
breaft, are pure white ; and between that and the black on the
belly the colour is rufous brown: the legs are black.
In young birds the belly is white. |
This fpecies is folitary, and is found in various parts of Eng-
land, but chiefly fuch as are full of rivulets, and efpecially where
they are fituated between rocks; this. bird frequenting fuch
places for the fake of its food, living chiefly on infects and
{mall fifh, which it fearches for in a fingular manner, by not only

* Hift. des oif. iii, p. 3476 Re
diving

Si

boyy

x

dei:

V “ *
ay

aN

Ue

DT. ROSEVILL: ali

4 = aN a
Af, dude ey, 2) Verte g

mp Ee Ry We S7 ie

diving under water for them, but Estee and running after
them at the bottom in the fame manner as on land: how this is
effected we are not told, but the fact is averred for true*. It
makes its neft on the ground, on the banks, of hay and dried
fibres, lining it with dry oak-leaves, having a portico, or grand
entrance, of green mofs +. The eges are five in number, white,
tinged with a fine blufh of red. It is met with in many parts of
Europe, even the more northernt, as the cold alone will not
make it defert its ufual haunts; nothing lefs than the
being frozen up. ;

ADIT ER.

ae Powe Pi. XXXVIEL.

ya
on eh

JESS than Blackbird ; le DEscRIPTION«

and of alead- -colour : :
tail white, except the end
black for an inch and

half an inch:

Bill on iach long,

lowifh. Ee Oe ey
Inhabits Gi ue : es a ; By gh Piacee
® Hift. des 0if-—Decouv. Ruf: vol. P3075 314.—Kra er, S&C.

author mentions, that one of ther

line and hook, which ha a Boom b
t+ Br. Zool. ‘ a, y
i Met with at Kamifcbath

caught under wa

Vou. II.

50 TIE Rul SER

52.
+ ROSE-CO-

LOURED THR, Turdus rofeus, Liz. Sy. i. p. 294. N° 15.—Faun. Sute. 219.—Nov. Com,

Ac. Petrop. xv. p. 478. t.23. f. 1
Sturnus rofeus, Scop. azn. i. p. 130. N° 191.
Turdus Seleucis, Faun Arab. p. vi. a—p. 5. N°16.
Le Merle couleur de Rofe, Bri/. orn. li. p. 250. N° 20,—Buf. cif. ili. p. 348.
pl. z22.—PI. exl. 251.
Merula Rofea, Razz Syx. p. 67. Q»
Rofe or carnation-coloured Ouzel, Wil. ora. p. 194.—Edw. pl. 20.—
Zr. Zool. App. N° 5. pl. 5.—Ara&. Zool.
Lev. Muf.
DuscripTion.. IZE of a Starling: length near eight inches. Bull three:
quarters of an inch, a little bent, of a flefh-colour, with the:
bafe blackifh: irides pale: the feathers of the head are long,.
and form a creft: the head, neck, wings, and tail, are black,
with glofles of blue, purple, and’ green, in different lights:
back, rump, breaft, belly, and leffer wing coverts, pale rofe-
colour, with a few irregular dark fpots: legs pale red: claws-
crooked, and brown.
FEMALE. The female differs merely in being paler. We have reafon to:
think that the teints of thefe birds differ much, as Rufell* calls
our Rofe a flefb-colour, while the name given it in the Péter/burgh-
Tranf. is fanguineous.
Pace ann This bird is met with in feveral parts of Europe, and in Afa..
MannERS. Tt comes in great numbers about Aleppo, in Fuly and Augu/?, in:
purfuit of the fwarms of /ocujfs t ; whence it is held facred by
the Turks, as great quantities are deftroyed by this means: it is’
alfo feen in vaft flocks, every year, in the fouth of Rufia, about
the river Dow, and in Sibiria, about the Irtifch ; finding abundance:
of Jocufts for food, and convenience for breeding between the
rocks: it is alfo common on the borders of the Ca/pian Sea,,

% Hifte of Aleppo, Pp. 7% + Hence called. the Locuft Bird. Ruffell.
about.

Teri® RY Wi Si Hi

about Afrachan, and from thence all along the Volga *, We
hear of it in Switzerland and Lapland}, but is iaid never to ex-
ceed the bounds of the.latter.

It is a fcarce bird in refpect to England, one being only now and
then met with. Edwards mentions two inftances; to which we
can add one, that was fhot at Grantham, in Lincolufbire, now in
poffeffion of Sir Fofeph Banks; as alfo the affurance of one or
more being fhot almoft every feafon about Orm/kirk in Lancafbire.
It is more frequent in France, as it is often met with in Bur-
gundy, in its paffage to other parts; and is mentioned as common
to Italy by Aldrovandus t.

Turdus cyanus, Liz. Sy. i. p. 296. N® 23.

Le Merle bleu, Buf. off. iii. p. 355. pl. 24.—Brif. orn. iis p. 282. N° 37.

Le Merle folitaire femelle d’Italie, P/. en/. 250. (female).

Cyanos, feu Czrulea avis Belloni, Raii Syne p. 66. N° 5.—Willl, orn. ps 1920

Indian Mock-bird, zd. p. 66. N°6?

Solitary Sparrow, Edw. pl. 18. (male).

Lev. Muf.
HIS is fomewhat lefs than a Blackbird: JIength eight

*"" inches. Bill fourteen lines, hooked at the tip; colour of it
blackith: the infide of the mouth and eye-lids orange: the irides
dull hazel: the plumage of a cinereous blue, but each feather is
marked near the end with a brown band, and the very tip white :
the quills and tail are dufky, edged with cinereous blue: the legs
dufky.

The female is likewife blue, but much inclined to afh-colour,
and beneath tranfverfely waved with this laft colour and
black.

* See Decouv. Ruf vol. i. 157.—il. 146. &c.
+ Linneus, See allo dmen. Acad, vol. iv. N° 594. t Hef, des oif.
H 2 This

Me

53°
+ BLUE THR,

Descriptions

FEmMaut,

52

PLACE AND
MAnnNe_ERsS.

She
SOLITARY
THR,

DESCRIPTION.

FEMALE.

PLACE AND
MANNERS.

aes RY OWL See

This bird is found in the ifle of Candia, Dalmatia, and parts
between, moft of the Archipelagic ifles *, and perhaps thofe of the
Mediterranean, fince Edwards mentions its being found at Gid-
rvaltar ; from whence alfo I have one now in my collection.

Le Solitaire, Brif. or. ii. p. 268. N® 30.
Le Merle Solitaire, Buf. o#/. ill. p..358.
Paffera Solitaria, Olin. uccel. p. 14.
Paffer Solitarius, Razz Syx. p. 66. 4.
Solitary Sparrow, Will. orn. ps tg. te 36. 37-
Lev. Mu. 3
ESS than a Blackbird: length eight or nine inches: Bill
brown, and bent at the tip: infide of the mouth yellow:
irides orange: the general colour of the plumage brown, marked
with fmall whitifh fpots: the fides of the head, throat, neck,
breaft, and upper wing coverts, have a tinge of blue: rump, and
under tail coverts, plain brown, as are the quills: the tail black-
ifh: legs brown.

The female is brown, without the leaft tinge of blue; and the
fpots, which are moft numerous on the breaft, are of a dirty yel~
lowifh colour: quills and tail brown.

This is frequent in France, Italy, the ifles of the Mediterra-
neon and Archipelago, and other parts; where it is not only
efteemed for its fong, but held in veneration by moft people, fo
as to think it almoft facrilege to take the neft, or kill the
bird.

It frequents mountainous and rocky places, and is always

® Kolben mentions a blue bird at the Cape of Good Hope, which is of the fize of
a Starling ; but the bill, according to him, is between three and four inches in
length. I fhould therefore hefitate to pronounce this our Blue Thrufh; feem-
ing more ‘allied to our Black-capped King-Fifher, i. p. 624.— See Hif?. Cap.

i Pe 152.
feen:

ei HR OS: | El.

-feen alone, except in breeding -time, when it frequently is
known to make the neft in old ruined edifices, church-
towers, and fuch-like places, (but not two pair near each
other) laying five or fix eggs. The young are eafily brought
up, and, befides that fweet fone which nature has furnifhed them
with, and for which they are fo much efteemed, may be taught
to whiftle, and articulate words. They are faid not only to fing
in the day, when kept in a cage, but alfo by candle-light, and to
live in this ftate eight or ten years.

The food confifts of infects, grapes, and other fruits.

Ic is not ftri€tly a bird of paflage; but is obferved to change
place in different feafons ; coming into thofe parts where it is
ufed to build, in Apri/, and retiring in Augu/.

Le Solitaire de Manille, Bri/. orn. ii, p. 270. N° 31. pl. 33. f. 2.
Le Merle Solitaire de Manille, Buf. oi/. iii. p. 363.—FP. ex/. 636. (the male).
—564. 2. (the female),
IZE of the Rock Shrike: length eight inches. Bill one
inch; colour of it brown: the head, fore part of the neck,
and the back, are cinereous blue: the rump blue: fpotted with
yellow on the throat, fore part of the neck, and upper part of the
breaft : wing coverts {potted with the fame, but not fo thick, and
mixed likewife with other white fpots: the under parts of the
body are orange, marked with blue and white curved fpots: the
quills and tail are blackifh, the laft margined with rufous: the
legs are blackifh. °
The female is a plain bird, if compared with the male; has
neither blue nor orange about her, being wholly of a brownifh
colour, with {pots of deeper brown on the head, neck, and under
parts, which are paler than thofe above.
This was brought from Manilla, by M. Sonnerat..

53

Bist
PENSIVE
Ae

DeEscriPTLown,

FEMALEs

PLACE.

54

56.
HERMIT THR.

DescriPTion.

PLace.

57
ROCK THR.

DescripTion,

Te Hy Re Osh

Le Solitaire des Philippines, Bri/ orn. ii. p. 272. N°3. pl. 28. 1.—Buf. off
lil. p. 364.—P/, exh. 339+

Le N GT H {even inches and a half. Bill one inch, brown,
with a whitifh bafe: round the eyes whitifh: the crown of
the head is yellowith olive: hind-head, upper parts of the neck,
and back, brown; each feather having a dufky band near the
tip, which is whitifh: the fides of the head, and under parts of the
body, have each feather of a rufous white margined with brown,
and a dirty rufous white tip: the leffer wing coverts and rump
are cinereous: quills and tail brown, bordered with grey: legs
brown.
Inhabits the Philippine Ifes, and feems to have much affinity to
the lait.

Merula faxatilis, Razz Syn. p. 68. Ne a
Greater Redftart, Will. orn. p.197. pl. 36.

1 ZE of a Thrufh. Bill pale brown, like that of a Thrufh,

and rather bent at the tip: the upper parts of the plu-
mage deep brown; moft of the feathers edged with cinereous
white: rump ferruginous, edged with the fame: the chin white:
throat as the upper parts, but much paler: the fore part of
the neck, and all the under parts, dirty orange-colour, waved
with brown and white: the two middle tail feathers brown, edged
with dirty orange; the others wholly of this laft colour: legs

dufky *.

* T much fafpe& it to be a variety of the Rock Shrike, vol. i, pe 176, if not
the fame bird; and if fo, it is clearly a Thrujh, and not a Shrike. It differs,
however, from that in the P/, eal. as the bird there figured has the lower part
ofthe back and rump white. :

3 The

rte Row: oS Ei,

The above defcription was taken from a well-done drawing
belonging to Mr. Pennant; who, I think, mentioned the bird to
have come from Gibraltar, and that it prefers rocky and moun-
tainous fituations, being found in fuch places about the A/taic
Chain, and beyond the Lake Baikal frequent. It is a fhy bird,
and in courfe difficult to be fhot.

Willughby talks of it being met with at Florence, and fays it.

learns to fpeak articulately, like the Stare.

Turdus morio, Lin. Sy. i. p. 2972 N° 26.

Te Merle du Cap de B. E. Brif. orn. ii. p. 309s N° 52. pl..23- f. 23—=Pl.
exl. 199. -

Le Jaunoir du Cap.de B. E. Buf of. ili. p. 366. .

I Z E of a Blackbird: length eleven inches. Bill ftrong and:

black : the general colour of the plumage is a greenifh.glofly

black, except the greater quills, which are rufous; the three firlt.
of thefe have brown, and the others. black. tips: the legs are.

brown.
This is found at the Cape of Good. Hape..

%
"Le Podobé du Senegal, Buf. o//. ili, p. 368.—P/. enb. 354..

> 1ZE of a Blackbird: length ten inches. Bill-brown: ge-
~ neral colour of the plumage. black :. wings rufous and fhort :

under tail coverts tipped with white: tail cuneiform, all but the-

two middle feathers tipped with white :. legs rufous.
Inhabits Senegal.

Tardas

55

PLACES.

58:
AFRICAN THR.

DescRIPTION,

PLace.

59 i
RUFOUS-
WINGED THR,

DESCRIPTION,

Piace.

56 TavHy Rol U4! Sy, H:

60. Turdus nitens, Zia. Syf.i. p. 294. N° 13.
SHINING THR. Le Merle verd d’Angola, Brif. orn. ii. p. 311. N°53. pl. 30. f. 2
DECREE E ION: I ZE of a Blackbird: length nine inches. Bill black: the
plumage is wholly of a glofly fine green colour, except fome
of the lefler wing coverts, which are of a bright fteel-blue, form-
ing a {pot on the fore part of the wing of this laft colour: legs
black. ;
PLACEs Inhabits Angola and the Cape of Good Hope *.

és Le Merle vert d’Angola, Buf. oi/. ili. p. 3720—PJ. enl. 561.
Var.A. Br. Muf. Lev. Muy.

DrscriFrioN. I ZE of the laft. The upper parts of the head, neck, body,
and tail, are of a gloffy olive-green: the rump blue: on the
wings are here and there fome dark fpots, and the back has a
tinge of blue in fome lights: throat blue: fore part of the neck
blue green: breaft, belly, thighs, and feathers covering the ears,
violet: vent olive yellow: legs black.
Prac Found in the fame place as the laft. Suppofed to be a variety
only.

* One from this laft place is in the collection of Sir F. Banks.

te AR U4.S ve.

Le Merle verd a4 longue queue du Senegal, Brif: orx. ii. po 313. N° 54.
pl. 31. f. 1.—Buf,. off. iii, p. 369.—PI. enl. 220.
Le Merle cuivre d’Afrique, Salerz. orm. p. 182.

IZ E larger than a Blackbird: length eighteen inches, of
which the tail makes eleven. The bill black: general colour
of the plumage gloffy green in different fhades : the head inclines
to blackifh, with a gold caft: belly and thighs gloffed with cop-
per: rump, and two middle tail feathers, incline to purple; the
fhape of the laft greatly cuneiform, the outermoft feather being
very fhort: legs black.
Inhabits Senegal. Buffon mentions one in the Cabinez du Rot,
which had a much fhorter tail; but fuppofes it not to have been
in a perfect ftate.

Le Merle violet du Royaume de Juida, Buf. oi/. iil. p. 373.—P/. enl. 540.

IZ E of the laft. Bill brown: irides yellow: the head, neck,

and under parts of the body, are violet: back and wings of
a gilded green, with a band of blue on the inner edge: the upper
tail coverts and tail blue: legs reddifh brown.

Inhabits the kingdom of Whidah, in Africa, and feems to bear
much affinity to the two laft-defcribed.

Le Merle bleu-de la Chine, Son. Voy. Ind. vol.ii. p. 188. pl. 108.

IZE of our Blackbird. Bill black: irides red: the whole
plumage of a changeable violet blue: the feathers of the
head, neck, breaft, and wing coverts, have at the end a band of
Voz. II. I changeable

57

61.
GLOSSY THR.

DescrirTion.

PLace.

62.
GILDED THR.

DeEscRIPTION.

PLace.

63.
VIOLET THR.

DescriPTioNne

58

PLACE:

64.
WHIDAH THR.

DeEseRIrTION.

PLACE;

65;
DOMINICAN
THR.

DESCRIPTION.

PLacE.

WR dy RE Osa lh EA.

changeable violet-blue, which has the luftre of polifhed metal:
on the wing coverts are two feathers which have a white band =
the thighs are white on the infide, and deep blue without: legs
black.
Inhabits China.

Le Merle violet 4 ventre blanc de Juida, Buf. oif, ili. p. 402.—P/. eal. 648. f. 18

S IZ E of a Lark, or rather lefs: the length fix inches and a:
LS ‘ : . . .
half. Bill afi-colour: the plumage in general is violet, ex--
cepting the belly, which is white: the legs are afh-coloured : the
quills are blackifh. The wings,.when clofed, reach three-fourths.
of the length of the tail.

Inhabits the kingdom of Whidabh, in Africas

Le Merle Dominiquain des Philippines, Buf. oi/. ili. p. 395.—P/. enl. 627;
f. 2.

EN GT H fix inches. Bill pale brown: the upper parts of

the body are brown, marked here and there with-a mixture
of violet, or polifhed fteel-colour :- the bafe of the tail of this laft
colour, but towards the end greenifh: the head, and all the under
parts of the body, are very light, or brownifh white: the legs
pale brown: the wings are remarkably long in this bird, reaching,
when clofed, nearly to the end of the tail.

This was brought from the Philippine [fles by M. Sonnerat.

abt TEL REY Ue Sy4 Ei.

Le Merle Dominiquain de la Chine, Sox. Vey. Ind. vol. ii. p. 191.

HIS isa trifle lefs than our Blackbird. The bill is black-
ifh, with a tinge of red and yellow: irides the colour of yel-
low orpiment: the head and neck are white, and the feathers
long and narrow: the hind part of the neck deep cinereous grey :
the back and rump, breaft and belly, the fame, but paler: wing
coverts and leffer quills copper green, gloffed with violet; on the
firft, a white fpot or two: the quills black: the tail like the
wing coverts; the under coverts of it white: legs yellow.
The female has the head grey, like the reft of the sae and
the copper glofs on the wings lefs brilliant.
Thefe birds are found in China, where they are called Petites
Galinotes.

Le petit Merle de L’Ifle'de Panay, Sox. Voy. p. 115. pl. 73.

IZE of the Pettichaps. Irides red: the head, neck, back,

and wing coverts, are of a greenifh black, with a glofs of both
‘blue and violet: the feathers on the head and neck differ from the
reft, in being longer and narrower: quills and tail black.

This is very common at Manilla, Panay, and almoft all the
Philippine iflands; being often feen in flocks of thoufands to-
gether. It makes the neft frequently in pigeon-hou/es, like the
‘Starling ; whence it has obtained that name by many. It has a
fine fong, and fo agreeably variegated, that it has obtained the
mame of Mujfician.

12 LENGTH

59

66.
WHITE-HEAD-
ED THR,

Description.

FemMate.

Piace.

N67
SONGSTER
THR.

DescrirrTion.

PLACE anp
MANNERSe

60
68.
BLACK-
NECKED THR.

DeEscRIPTION.

PLAce.

69:
YELLOW-.
FRONTED
THR..

DeEscRIPTION.

FEMALE.

PLACE.

TAH Re Ue Sarb.:

ENGTH nine inches. Bill dufky: irides browm:: head,.
chin, and nape, white: at the bafe of the bill begins a yel-
lowifh ftreak, which paffes beneath, and takes in the eye, but
does not appear above it: the neck is black: the upper part of
the back and fcapulars ferruginous brown; the lower of a dufky
black, inclining to ferruginous on the rump: under parts of the:
body brown, except the breaft and thighs, which are yellowifh :-
all the quills are black, but the fecondaries have white tips:
tail cuneiform; of a deep lead-colour, almoft black : legs:
dufky.
This appears to be a very beautiful bird, and is fuppofed to in--
habit China. The defcription taken from a fine drawing, in-the-
polfeffion of Captain Broadley..

Le petit Merle de la Céte de. Malabar, Son. Voy. Ind. vol. ii. p. 192:-

IZE of the Houfe Sparrow, but more elongated. The bill’

is.black: irides yellow: general colour of the plumage a fine-
fhining green: the forehead yellow: throat black: at the lower.
mandible is a ftreak of ultramarine blue: the wing coverts are of
a:changeable light blue colour: legs black.

The female is fmaller: the general colour is of a pleafing
green, inclining to yellow on the belly: the throat pale fky-
blue.

Found on the coaft. of Malabar..

Le.

Le Boubil de la Chine, Son. Voy. Ind. vol. ii. p. 1930

LESs than our Blackbird. Bill yellowith grey: irides brown-

ifh : general colour of the plumage that of umber: behind
the eye a longitudinal black band, which extends half way down
the neck: legs yellowifh grey.

This is met with in the fouthern provinces of China, and is
faid to be the only bird of this vaft empire which has any thing
‘like a fong ; whence it has gained the name of Nightingale. It is
called at Canton, Boudbil..

Le Merle de la Chine, Buf: of. iit. p. 368.—Pl: ent, 604:

Trifle bigger than.a Blackbird: length eight inches and

a half. Bill blackifh: upper parts of the body greenifh
grey: head and neck cinereous,. inclining to brown on the
breaft : forehead black,, pafling round, and beneath each eye, not
unlike a pair of fpectacles: upper parts of the body and two
middle tail. feathers greenifh brown: the fide feathers much
darker brown, in fhape a little cuneiform: breaft and belly dirty
yellowifh white: legs yellow.

Inhabits China.

Turdus

63

70-
CHANTING
THR.

Description.

PLacs.

7X
SPECTACLE’
THR.

DeEscriPTions

PLACE.

DescriptTion,

‘FEWALs.

PLACED

a FF RU SS B.

“Turdus Zeylonus, Lin, Syf?.i. p. 297. N° 28.
.Le Merle 4 Collier du Cap de B. Efp. Brif. ore. it, p. 299. N° 46. pl. 30,
f. 1.— PI, enl. 272.
Le Plaftron Noir de Ceilan, Buf. off. ili. p. 374.
»Green Pye of the Ifle.of Ceylon, Edqw. pl. 321.
Br. Muf. Lev. Muf.

SIZE of a Blackbird: length feven inches and a half. Bill

black: the crown of the head is cinereous olive; from
‘thence to the tail fine olive green: over the eye a ftreak of yel-
low: chin and throat yellow : from the noftrils through the eye,
‘bending forwards to the fore part of the neck, is a ftreak of
black, which blends itfelf with a deep crefcent of the fame on
the breaft: belly, vent, and thighs, yellow: the tail is cuneiform,
and three inches and a half long; the two middle feathers are
like the back; the others are black, with yellow tips: the legs

-are blackith.

The female wants both the black ftreak which paffes through
the eye of the male, as well as the collar on the breaft: the upper
parts are greenifh yellow: the throat grey: and the breaft and
belly greenifh yellow, but paler than the upper parts.

The native place of this bird is fuppofed to be Ceylon; but is
Jikewife frequently received from the Cape wf Good Hope* ; whe-
ther indigenous likewife to that place is uncertain, The female
has much refemblance to the following fpecies.

* Two, from that place, are in the collection of Charles Boddam, Efq3
they are named Babakery ; in one of them there is only a patch of black on the
throats, not a crefcent.

L’oranvert,

Te Re Ul $1 rk

L’oranvert, ou Merle & ventre-orangé du Senegal, Buf off. iii. p. 377.—
Pl. enl. 358.

SIZE of a Blackbird, or rather fmaller: length eight inches, Bill
brown :. the head, chin, throat, and upper parts of the body,

wings, and tail, are green, with a fine reflection of orange in par-

ticular lights: a few of the quills have the outer webs white; the
under parts, from the throat to the vent,. bright orange :. the
legs are brown.

Inhabits Senegal.

L’oranbleu, Buf: oi/: iti. p. 3772
Merle du Cap de Bonne Efperance, Pl. enl, 221%
"THE upper parts of this bird verge much to blue:. each fea-
ther deepeft coloured on the margins: all the under parts

orange..
Suppofed to be a variety of the laft-mentioned.

Le Merle jaune de la’‘Chine, Sox, Voy. Ind. vol. ii. p. 1933

GQ IZE of the Blackbird. Bill red: irides grey: general
colour of the plumage deep yellow; paleft beneath :

fhafts of the feathers white :. the eye is furrounded with white:
feathers: from the upper mandible fprings a band of black,,

which finifhes in.a point a little behind the eye: the legs are
red *..

* This feems not far different from our Golden Oriole, vol. i. p. 449 3 but the
tail is not faid to be tipped with yellow.-
j i qi

Le-

63

73+
ORANGE-BEL-
LIED THR.

DescripTion.

PLace.
73°
Var. Ao-

DESCRIPTION»

74:
YELLOW. THR,

DescrIPTION»

64

75°
WHITE-

RUMPED THR.

DEscRIPTION.

Puace.
76.
CINEREOUS
ER,

DESCRIPTION.

PLACE.

77:
PIGEON THR.

DescrIPTION.

PLACE,

BOs le Girma ts OO SS lie bs

Le Merle brun du Cap de Bon Efperance, Buf. oif. iis p. 378.

IZE of a Blackbird: length ten inches. General colour brown,
with a reflection of dull green in fome lights: the belly and
rump white: the wings reach to about the middle of the
tail.
This was brought from the Cape by M. Somnerat.

L’Ourovang, ou Merle cendre de Madagafcar, Bri/. ors. ii. p. 291. pl. 25.
f. 2.—Buf otf. iii. p. 380.—Pl. enl. 557. f. 2.

ENGTH eight inches and a half. Bill narrow, marked near
the end with brown, and befet with briftles at the bafe: the
general colour of the plumage is cinereous, very dark, and inclined
to greenifh black on the crown: the reft of the head, neck, ©
brea{t, upper parts of the body, and leffer wing coverts, incline
to olive green: greater wing coverts, quills, and tail, dark afh-
colour : belly and vent yellowifh : legs brown. -
Inhabits Aadaga/car, where it is called Ourovong.

Le Merle des Colombiers, Buf. cif ili. p. 3816

IZE of a Throfle: general colour green, which is very
changeable in different reflections of light. Some of thefe
birds are lefs thar others, and have a white rump and vent; but
whether young birds, or different in fex, is not known.
Thefe are met with in the Philippine Iles, where they are called
Pigeon Starlings; as they frequently, like the Starlings in Europe,

build in p geon- houfes.
7 Le

Bere Ry Us SiH.

Le Merle a gorge noire de St. Domingue, Buf. off, iii. p. 382.—P/. enl. 559.

es.
780
BLACK-
THROALED |
THR.

GIZE of a Throftle: length feven inches and a half. Bill Description.

black: the forehead, between the bill and eye, the chin,
throat, and as far as the breaft, are black; this is bordered by
rufous, extending to the crown, which is of the fame colour :
hind part of the neck, back, and wing coverts, grey brown, more
or lefs fhaded with brown: greater coverts and quills, blackifh
brown, edged with light grey: rump, and under parts of the
body, greenifh yellow, marked with fome large fcattered black
{pots on the breaft and belly: tail three inches long, rounded in
fhape ; the colour the fame as the back ; all but the middle fea-
thers margined with blackifh: iegs black.

Inhabits St. Domingo.

S§ MALLER than the Fieldfare: length feven inches. Bill

black, beneath yellowifh, tip brown: head, neck, and upper
parts of the body, greyifh green: over the eyes a white ftreak ;
beneath them a white fpot: throat grey, fpotted with white:
breaft and fides pale rufous: belly and vent white: thighs mixed,
cinereous and white: fome of the quills brown, others grey: tail
even at the end: legs and claws yellowith.

Georgi * defcribes this fpecies from one kept in a cage, which
- was fuppofed to have come from China ; and adds, that it fung
well, and was fond of wetting itfelf with water, like the Star/ing.

% See Ret/e, ps» 505.

Vou. II. K - ‘Turdus

PLAcE.

79-
GREEN THR.

DiscriFPFION.

PLace

66

80.
OLIVE THR.

DEscRIPTION, S

PLACE.

81.
INDIAN THR.

DESCRIPTION.

PLace.

me VEL RS Us Seyi

Turdus olivaceus, Liz. Syf. i. p. 292+ N° 5.—Mantif. 1771. p. 526.
Le Merle olive du Cap de Bonne Efperance, Brif. orn. ii. p. 294. N° 43.
pl. 22. f. 3.— Buf. o:f- iii. p. 381.

IZE of the Redwing: length eight inches and a quarter. Bill

brown: the upper parts of the plumage olive brown; the
under yellow: the throat yellow brown, fpotted with brown:
legs and claws brown.

Inhabits the Cape of Good Hope.

In the Mantiffa, Linnaeus adds, that the /ore is black: upper
part of the body brownifh grey: all beneath, and the rump, fer-
ruginous : the two middle tail feathers brown; the others ferru-
ginous. In one fpecimen the head was hoary.

Le Merle olive des Indes, Brif. orn. ii. p. 298. N° 45. pl. 31. fi 2.—
Buf. vif. iii. p. 384.— Pl. end. 564. f. te
Br. Muf.

ESS than the Redwing: length eight inches. Bill blackith :
the upper parts of the body are deep olive green; the under
parts the fame, but paler, and inclined to yellow: the quills
have the inner webs brown, the outer olive green, with the
edge for two-thirds from the bafe yellowifh: the tail olive green:
legs blackith.
Inhabits the Zaft Indies. That in the Br. Mu/. is rather fmaller,.
and has the chin dufky black.

10 Le

T HR U-S HH

Le Merle cendré des Indes, Bri/ orm, ii, p. 286. N° 39. pl. 25. f 3.—Buf.
cif, lil. Pe 3856

LE SS than a Redwing : length feven inches and three quarters.
Bill black, with a few briftles at the bafe: the plumage of a
deep afh-colour, paleft beneath: the greater wing coverts black,
with grey edges: quills the fame, but the white is broader
on the fecondaries than the greater ones; the fecondaries have
alfo part of the inner webs white: the two middle tail feathers
are like the back; the next on each fide is black, with the
margins and tips afh-colour ; the reft of the outer ones black ;
the legs black.
inhabits the Zaft Indies.

Le Merle gris de Gingi, Sox. Voy. Ind. vol. ii. p. 193.

Ls than a Blackbird. Bill yellowifh white: the top of the
head, and ‘hind part of the neck, are whitifh: the throat,
fore part of the neck, back, wings, and tail, deep grey: the
breaft, belly, thighs, and vent, very pale reddifh grey: legs yel-
lowifh.

Inhabits the coaft of Coromandel: chiefly feen on the ground,
where it is perpetually hopping after worms and infects, which it
finds in the dung of animals, whence it has gained the name of
Fouille-merde.

Lev. Myf.

J_ENGTH nine inches and a half. Bill an inch and a half
long, moderately bent, and of a brownifh flefh-colour; near

the tip an almoft obfolete notch; at the gape a few black weak
K 3 hairs ;

67

82.
ASH-CO-
LOURED THR.

DescrRiFTioON.

PLacr.

83.
GREY THR.

DESCRIPTION.

Prace.

84.
LONG-BILLED
THR.

DeEscRipTion.

PLACE.

85.
SENEGAL THR.

DescriPTiION.

86.
MADAGASCAR
THR.

DESCRIPTION,

T HR US H.

hairs : the tongue half the length of the bill, and jagged at the
end: the feathers on the head fhort and pointed : the plumage on
the upper parts of the body pale olive brown: over the eye a
pale yellowifh ftreak : wing coverts and quills margined with pale
yellow: the rump much inclined to yellow: all the under parts
of the body pale brimftone : the tail much rounded in fhape; the
two middle feathers are brown, with pale ends; the others
dufky yellow, with pale fhafts: the legs are dufky flefh-colour :
the toes long; the hind claw large.

This inhabits the ifland of Ezmeo.

Some of thefe birds, in the poffeffion of Sir Fofeph Banks, faid
to have come from York Ifland, had a greater mixture of palith
buff on the wing coverts, and were alfo mottled with dufky and

buff throughout. It is moft likely that thefe were young
birds.

Le Merle du Senegal, Bri. orn. ii. p. 261. N° 26. pl. 22. f. 2.
Le Merle brun du Senegal, Buf. oi/. iii. p. 385.—P/. enl. 563. f. 2.

L Ess than a Redwing: length eight inches. Bill brown: the
general colour of the plumage grey brown; except the
belly, fides, thighs, and under tail coverts, which are dirty
white: quills, tail, and legs, brown.
Inhabits Senegal. >

Le Merle de Madagafcar, Brif orn. ii. p. 274. N° 33. pl. 25. f. 1.—D° ou
le Tanaombé, Buf. oi/. iii. p. 386.—2P/. enl. 557. f. i.

Ty ESS than the Redwing: length feven inches and a quarter.

Bill black ; bafe befet with briftles: head, neck, back, and

fcapulars, brown: rump greenifh brown: breaft and fides rufous

brown :

pe ORS UL Ss A

brown: belly, thighs, and vent, white: quills blackith; from the
fecond to the fixth, part white part violet on the outer webs ;
the fecondaries black mixed with violet and green, and fome of
the inner ones gloffed with a gilded rufous-colour: the two
middle tail feathers green gold ; the others dufky, with the outer
margins green gold: the outermoft feather is white on the exte-
rior margin, and the two next fringed with white: the fhape of
the tail fomewhat forked: legs black.
This inhabits Madaga/car, and is called Zanaombé.

Le Merle de Mindanao, Bzf. o:/. ili. p. 387.—P/. enl. 627. f. 1.

LENGTH feven inches. Bill lead-colour: head, neck, upper

parts, and tail, fteel blue: the breaft, and under parts,
white: on the wing, near the edge, is a longitudinal band of
white; the greater coverts and part of the fecondaries being of
that colour: the tail is fomewhat cuneiform in fhape: the legs
are brown.

Brought from Mindanao by M. Sonnerat.

A bird of this kind had the greater quills fined with deep
changeable green, and fome fpots of gloffy variable violet in fe-
veral parts of the body, efpecially at the hind part of the
head.

Le Merle vert de 1’Ifle de Brace Buf. otf. iii. p. 388.—P. enl. 648. f. 2.

ESS than the Redwing: length feven inches. Bill afh-co-

loured : the plumage is wholly of a deep greenifh blue

throughout: the feathers of the head and neck are narrow, and
longer than the others: the legs are lead-coloured.

Inhabits the [le of France.
ar ; Turdus

69

PLAcE.
87.
MINDANAO
HR.

DeEscRIPTION.

PLACcEe

83.
MAURITIUS
THR.

DeEscRIPTION.

PLacge

40 Ti R Ww SE

BLACK. Turdus atricapillus, Lin. Sy. i. p. 295. N° 18.
HEADED THR: Te Merle 3 téte noire du Cap de Bonne Efperance, Brif. orn. Suppl, p. 47e
N° 66. pl. 3. f. 2—-Buf. o#/. iii. p. 383.—P2/. eal. 392.
DescriPrion. IZE of the Redwing: length nine inches. Bill black: the
head and part of the neck are of a gloffy black: back and
fcapulars deep brown: rump and upper tail coverts rufous: the
under parts, from the throat to the vent, are very pale rufous:
the fides croffed with tranfverfe dufky lines: the wing coverts are
brown, fome of them margined with rufous, and others with
white: the quills are deep brown; the nine firft are white at the
bafe, but in the two firft the white only occupies the inner web;
when the wing is clofed, a white {pot appears: the tail is wedge-
fhaped, and of a blackifh colour ; all but the two middle feathers
have white tips, the white part occupying moft fpace in the
outer feathers: legs brown: claws black.
Piace. Inhabits the Cape of Good Hope.

BRUNET THR. Turdus capenfis, Liz. Syf. i. p. 295. N° 1% a
Le Merle brun du Cap de Bonne Efperance, Byri/. orn. ii. p. 259. N° 2g.
pl. 2 f. 3.
Le Brunet du Cap de Bonne Efperance, Buf. oi/- iii. p. 390.

DzscRipTion, IZE of a Lark: length feven inches and a quarter. Bill
black : head, neck, and upper parts of the body, brown; under
parts the fame, but paler: the belly and thighs have a yellowifh
hue; and the under tail coverts aré quite yellow: quills and tail
deep brown: legs black.
PLACE. Inhabits the Cape of Good Hope,

Merle

T HR US

Merle 4 Cul. jaune du Cap, Buf. off iil. p. 390.—P/. ent. 317.

HIS differs from-the laft in being fomewhat larger. The
head and throat are black ; the reft of the plumage of the
fame colour with-the laft. The bill feems ftronger at the bafe,
and is fomewhat more curved than ufual in this genus.
This is moft likely a mere variety of the other.

LENGTH almoft feven inches. Bill of a deep Iead-colour,
with a few briftles at the bafe: on the forehead a white {pot :
head, neck, and upper parts of the body, very deep lead-colour,
almoft black: under parts dirty yellowifh buff-colour: legs
brown.
Met with in Dufky Bay, New Zealand ; alfo common in Charlotte
Sound, called by the natives Gha-toitoz. In the collection of Sir
F. Banks.

Lev. Muf:

ENGTH fix inches. Bill black ; bafe of it furnifhed with
briftles : the plumage on the upper part of the body is black :
on each fide of the forehead, at the noftrils, a fpot of white:
beneath, from the breaft to vent, white : tail black ; all the feathers
a little pointed at the end ; under part of it afh-colour. One of
thefe birds was black on the middle of the belly, which perhaps.
was of a different fex.
Thefe are in the Leverian Mufeum, and appear to be varieties
of the laft-defcribed. They came likewife from the South. Seas,

but the place uncertain.
Turdus

71

go.
Var. A.

DasCRIPTION.

gl.
WHITE-
FRONTED
THR.
DEscriPTion..

PLace.

gl.
Var. As

DEscRIPTION»

92.
CAPE THR.

DescriPTion.

gz.
Var. A.

DescriPrion.

SDN NO 3s) ume
LONG- FAILED
THR
Pi. XXXIX.-

DescriPTion.

2? HRW sy

Turdus-cafer, Lin, Syf. i, p. 295. N° 16.

Le Merle hupé du Cap de Bonne Efperance, Bri/: orn. ti. p. 257.
pl.20. f. 2.— Buf. oif- ill. p. 393.—Pl. enl. 563. f. 1.

Le Gobe-mouche a téte noire de la Chine, Sox. Voy. Ind. iis p.197-

N° 23.

IGGER than the crefted Lark: length eight inches, Bill

one inch, blackifh: the head a little crefted: head and creft
violet black: the upper parts of the body are brown: the mar-
gins of the feathers grey: fore part of the neck and breaft
brown, gloffed with violet: belly brown, the feathers edged with
grey: thighs, rump, and lower belly, white: vent, and under tail
coverts, red: the quills and tail are brown; the feathers of the
firft edged with grey; the fhape of the laft is cuneiform, the bafe
is brown, and the tip white: legs black.

IZE of a Lark: length eight inches. Bill three quarters of an

inch, atrifle bent, black : the head and chin are black: the up-
per parts of the body and wings are brownifh afh-colour, ftreaked
with pale brown; beneath, cinereous white: the vent crimfon:
quills and tail brown, the laft a little cuneiform; three of the
outer feathers tipped with white: legs black.

In the mufeum of the late Dr. Hunter.

Lev. Muf.

’IZE of a Lark: length eleven inches and a half. Bill
flightly notched near the tip ; colour black : head, neck, back,
and wing coverts, glofly purplifh black: rump white: the under
5 parts

PL. XXXIX.

grated Hh Ph

OV]

)

fe
LE

RYAN
an ies i ide TENT uh

TET S- FEL.

parts, from the breaft, ferruginous orange: quills dufky olack : the
“tail is greatly cuneiform in fhape, the two middle feathers being
fix inches and a half long, and the outer ones only two inches and
a half; the four middle feathers are wholly black; the next on
each fide, half black half white; and the three outer ones wholly
white: legs pale yellow: claws black. Poe
Inhabits Pulo Condore. Sonnerat defcribes one very like this
from the coaft of Malabar*. The four middle tail feathers in
his bird were black; the others half black half white.

Le Merle d’Amboine, Brif. ora. il. p. 244. N° 16.—Buf. off. iii. p. 394.
Avicula Amboinenfis cinerea, Seba, vol.i. p. 99. t. 62. £. 4.

IZE bigger than a Lark. The head, neck, and upper parts
of the body, are reddifh brown: breaft and under parts light
yellow: the prime quills are reddifh brown; the leffer ones the
fame, half their length from the tip, but from the middle to the
bafe pale yellow: tail, above, reddifh brown; beneath, golden
yellow ; the fhape cuneiform.
This inhabits 4mboina, and is faid to fing very finely. It is
alfo remarkable for flirting up its tail quite on the back in the
breeding feafon,

Le Merle de L’Ifle de Bourbon, Bri/. orn. ii. p. 293. N° 4. pl. 24. £. 3.—
Buf. cif. iii. p. 395.

I ZE of the laft: length near eight inches. Bill yellowifh :
crown of the head black; the reft of the head, neck, and

* Le Gobe-mouche 4 longue queue de Gingi, Son. Voy. Ind. ii. p. 196. -

Voi. II. L breaft,

73

Poace.

94
AMBOINA
THR.

DescrirPrion.

PLacs.

95°
BOURBON
THR.

DEscrRIPTION.

74

CROWNED
THR.

DescRIPTION.

PLACE.

Manners.

97:
ASH-RUMPED
THR.

DescRIPTION.

Ca se AOS hie Olas) ea) &

breaft, upper parts of the body, and leffer wing coverts, cinereous
olive: belly, fides, and vent, olive yellow: middle of the belly
whitifh: greater wing coverts brown, mixed with pale rufous:
quills brown, edged with pale rufous, except three of the middle
ones, which are plain brown: tail brown, with two tranfverfe
brown bands near the end, one of them paler than the other: the
legs are yellowifh.
Inhabits the [/e of Bourbon.

Yellow-crowned Thruth, Browz’s Ilufir. p. 50. pl. 226

IZE of the common Thrufh. — Bill black: crown of the head

and cheeks pale yellow: lower part of the laft bounded by a
black line, extending from the bill: breaft and belly cinereous ;
the firft marked with white and dufky fagittal lines: greater
quills, tail, and tegs, dull green.

Inhabits Ceylon and Fava, where it is called Z/utju crawan. Is
frequently kept in cages, as it imitates, in a very lively manner,
almoit every note that is whiftled to it.

Le Merle des Indes, Brif. orz. ii. p. 248. N° 1g. pl. 31. f. 3.— Buf otf.
lil. p. 397-—-PI. enl. 273. f. 2.

S! ZE a trifle bigger than a Lark: length fix inches and a
half. Bill black: upper parts of the head, neck, and back,
black ; lower part of the back and rump afh-colour : fides of the
head, and all beneath, white: thighs grey: from the bill through
the eyes paffes ‘a.ftreak of black: the wing coverts are of a
10 blackifh

ae Ee Re Oh Ses EL

blackifh chefnut, but the greater ones are margined with white:
quills blackifh ; the greater are white from the bafe to the mid-
dle, on the inner webs; the fecondaries white on the outer webs :
the tail is fomewhat cuneiform, but not ftrictly fo; the fix mid-
dle feathers are even, the others fhorten as they are more out-
ward; the colour of them black, with a little white at the bafe ;
the three outer ones white on each fide; the fourth white only on
the margin at the tip: the legs are blackifh.
This inhabits the Haft Indies, where it is called Terat-boulan.

Le Merle doré de Madagafcar, Brif. orn. ii. p. 247. N° 18. pl. 24. f. 2. —
Buf. oif, iii. p. 398.—PI. enl. 539. f. 2.

S I ZE of a Lark: length five inches and three quarters. Bill
black: the fides of the head and the throat are velvet black:
the general colour the fame; but each feather margined with
yellow: quills and tail black; the laft only fixteen lines in
length: the legs black.
This is found at Madagafcar, where it is known by the name
of Saui-jala.

Le Merle olive de St. Domingue, Bri/,orn. ii. p. 296. Ne Ad. pl. 27. f. 2.
—Buf. of. ili. p, 403.— Pl, enl. 273, f. 1. 5

HIS is a {mall fpecies: length fix inches. , Bill grey brown:
the plumage for the moft part is olive above, and grey
mixed with olive beneath; but the greater, wing ‘coverts and
quills incline to brown, and have the outer edges olive, the inner
whitifh : the tail brown; but the two middle feathers, and outer

La margins

75

PLACE.

98.
BLACK-
CHEEKED
THR.

DESCRIPTION.

PuLace.

v 9 |
HISPANIOLA
THR.

DeEscRIPTION.

76

PLacs.

100.
SURINAM
THR.

DescriPTION,.

Pack.

101.
PALM THR.

DeEscRIPTIONs

Thy Ho Rj Up Spy Ht.

margins of all the others, are olive; the inner whitifh: legs
grey brown.

This inhabits Saimt Domingo, and is like one found in Cay-
enne *, except the upper parts being more brown, and the under
of a paler grey.

Turdus Surinamus, Lin. Syf.i. p. 297. N° 27.
Le Merle de Surinam, Brif. orn. Suppl. p. 46. N? 25. pl. 3. f. te —

Buf. oif. iil. p. 399.

Turdus niger, &c. N.C. Petr. xi. p. 439. pl. 16. f. 10.
QIZE ofa Lark: length fix inches and a half. Bill black-

ifh: the general colour of the plumage is gloffy black, except
the crown of the head, which is of a beautiful yellow: on
each fide of the breaft a pale fulvous yellow fpot: the rump of
the fame colour: the leffer inner wing coverts are white, form-
ing a fpot of the fame on the wing; the under wing coverts all
white: the quills are blackifh, and all of them, except the two
outer ones, and that neareft the body, are yellow at the bafe on
the inner web: the legs are brown.

This is met with at Surinam.

Turdus palmarum, Lin. Syft. i. ps 295. N° ig.
Le Palmifte, Brif. orn. ii. p. 301. N° 47. pl. 29. f. 1.— Buf. oif. iit.
p. 400.—PI. exl. 539. f. 3.

IZE of a Lark: length fix inches and a half. The bill, the
crown of the head, the neck, breaft, and under parts, cine-
reous: forehead and cheeks black, marked with three white

> Merle olive de Cayenne, Pl. enl. 558.
5 {pots

THR OWS Bi

fpots on each fide, viz. one on each fide of the forehead, one
above, and another under each eye: the chin is white, extend-
ing beneath each cheek: upper part of the body and wings
olive green: quills brown, with olive green edges: tail of this
laft colour: legs cinereous.

This is found at Cayenne, and is moft frequent among the
palm-trees.

Le Palmifte 4 téte noire, Brif. ora. ii. p. 303. N° 48. pl. 29. fi 2.

HIS fcarcely differs from the former, except in the head,

which is wholly black, but marked with the fame kind of
white fpots. It is found in the fame places, and may be con-
fidered as differing merely in fex, and moft likely may prove
the male.

Le Moloxita, ou la religieufe d’Abyflinie, Buf. cif. iii. p. 400.

1ZE of a Blackbird. The bill reddith: the head is black,
which defcends on the throat, and finifhes in a point on the
breaft: the upper parts of the body are yellow, more or lefs
tinged with brown; the under parts pale yellow: the wing co-
verts and feathers of the tail are brown, bordered with yellow,
and the quills blackifh, bordered with light grey: the legs
cmereous, :
his inhabits the woods of Abyfinia, and feeds on berries and
fruits ; is frequently found in fuch trees as grow on the edges of
precipices, which both renders it difficult to fhoot, and to get at

when killed.
Le

77

PLacee

101.
Var. A.

DescRIPTION,

102.
NUN THR,

DESCRIPTION,

PLacsz:

103.

ETHIOPIAN
TAR.

DescRIPTION.

PLACE.

104.

ABYSSINIAN
THR.

DEscRIPTION.

PLACE.

105.

YELLOW-

BREAS FED
THR.

DeEscRIPTION.

PLACE.

& IZE of a Goldfinch: length five inches.

eR ORS) US. JEL

Le Merle noir & blanc d’Abyflinie, Buf. o7/. ili. p. 406.

IZE of a Redwing. Bill black: the upper parts of the body

‘are black; the under white, and a band of white acrofs the
wing: the tail is rounded in fhape, and the feathers fomewhat
fquare at the ends: the legs are black.

Found in the woods of Adyfinia, and has a note not unlike
a Cuckow. It keeps among the thickeft part of the foliage: and
feeds on berries and fruits.

Le Merle brun d’Abyflinie, Buf. o:/. ili. p. 407-

IZE of the laft. The upper parts brown: quills and tail

deeper brown, bordered with paler: throat pale brown: un-
der parts fulvous yellow : legs black.

Found in Abyfinia; and is faid to feed on the flower of a parti-
cular kind of palm-tree, where it is met with in {mall numbers.
Befides this, it feeds on grapes in the feafon.

Le petit Merle brun a gorge rouffe de Cayenne, Buf. cif. iii. p. 403.—
Pl, enl. 644. f. 2.

Bill of a -dufky,
afh-colour: general colour of the plumage brown, with a lit-
tle mixture of a paler brown between the wings: the chin, throat,
and breaft, rufous yellow: the tail one inch and a half in length:
legs greenifh yellow.
Inhabits Cayenne.

nea R UES Ze.

Le Verdin de la Cochin Chine, Buf. cif. iii. p. 409.—Pl. enl. 643. f. 3.

IZE of a Goldfinch. General colour green, inclining to blue Descaiprion.

towards the tail, and outer edges of the quills: the fpace
between the bill and eye, the chin and throat, are black: on
the fides at the root of the bill are two fmall blue fpots: the
black on the throat is furrounded with yellow, which is very
broad beneath, forming a crefcent on the breaft: the bill and the
legs are dufky.

From Cochin China.

Le Merle & Cravate de Cayenne, Buf. cif. iti. p. 392.—P/. eal. 560. f. 2.

HIS fpecies is lefs than a Redwing: length about feven
inches. The bill black, and curved at the point: the upper
parts of this bird, the quills, and tail, are cinnamon-colour: belly,
thighs, and vent, the fame, but paler: the chin, fides of the
head, under the eyes, the throat, and breaft, are black, bordered
all round with white, which is a little clouded with dufky on the
breaft: wing coverts black; the leffer ones tipped with white s.
the middle and greater ones with rufous: the tail is about two:

inches in length : the legs black.
I have feen feveral of thefe which had the black cravat mottled

with white, which I took for young birds, as they were fomewhat
lefs in fize.

Inhabits Cayenne..

Ee

PLACE.

107.
BLACK-
BREASTED
THR.

DEsSCRIPTIONs

PLAGE

80

1038.
RUFOUS THR.

DescriPTions

PLAce.

309.
MUSICIAN
THR.

DescriPrTion.

PLACE AND
Manners.

Ae VE ORs Une Ed

Le Merle roux de Cayenne, Buf. oi/. ili. p. 402.—Pl. enl. 644. f. y.

IN fize this is rather fmaller than a Zare, and is fix inches and

a half in length. The bill is nearly ftrait, except juft at
the tip, and of a blackifh colour: the top of the head, and all
the upper parts of the body, quills, and tail, are brown; but the
wing coverts are black bordered with yellow: the forehead,:
fides, above the eye, and all the under parts, from the chin to the
vent, are rufous: the under tail coverts are white ; and the tail,
which is two inches and a quarter in length, afh-colour: the legs
are cinereous.

Inhabits Cayenne.

L’arada, Buf. of. iv. p. 4806
Le Muficien de Cayenne, Pi. enl. 7060 26
ENGTH four inches. Bill nearly ftrait, except a flight
curve at the tip; colour black: the top of the head, and all
the upper parts of the body, the wings, tail, and thighs, are
rufous brown, tranfverfely ftriated with dufky or blackifh: the
chin, fides under the eye, and throat,’ are rufous orange: on
each fide of the neck, beneath the eye, a broad patch of black
fpotted with white: the breaft, belly, and vent, dufky white: the
tail one inch long: the legs are yellowith.

This inhabits Cayenne, where it feeds on auts, and other infeés.
It is a folitary bird, moft frequently being found perched fingly
on a tree, never defcending but for the fake of its food. It is
much regarded for its fong, which is fo fine as to entitle it to the

name of Mu/fician among the inhabitants. It is faid firft to repeat
fevem

Ea Eh ORG US Fs

feven notes of the octave; after which it whiftles feveral airs of
different tones and accents, much refembling a flute; and is by
fome thought fuperior to the Nightingale. At other times its
note is much like one man whiftling to another, fo as to deceive
any perfon.

It is feldom obferved near inhabited places; frequenting deep
forefts for the fake of folitude.

Another bird, by the name of 4rada, is likewife mentioned,
which differs in having the tip of the bill more bent; a white
breaft, with a half collar of black beneath it, and the upper fur-
face of the plumage uniformly rufous, without the brown lines.

This alfo is found at Cayenne.

Le Coraya, Buf. oif. iv. p. 484.—Pi/. enl. 701. f. 1.

IZE of a Nightingale: length five inches and a half. ~ Bill
like that of a Thrufh: the top of the head is black, which
defcends on each fide of the neck, where it gradually leflens, and
ends in a point ; in the middle of this the eye is placed, and be-
neath the eye are feveral lender fhort white ftreaks: the chin and
throat are white, inclining to cinereous on the breaft: the upper
parts of the body, the wings, breaft, belly, and thighs, are rufous
brown, but paleft beneath: the under tail coverts, and tail, are
grey, marked with feveral flender blackiih bars: the fhape of the
tail is cuneiform, two inches in length: legs pale yellow.

EN GTH fix inches and a half. Bill one inch, ftout, and
notched at the tip: crown of the head black: the upper
parts of the body, wings, and tail, dark afh-colour: wing coverts
- Vor. II. M barred

Sr

VARIETES,

110.
BARRED-TAIL
THR.

DescRIPTION.

IIte
BUFF-WINGED
THR.

DeEscriPTion.

PLACE.

112.
WHITE-

BACKED THR.
DescRIPTION.

FeMate,

PLACE AND
Mannegs,

i. Gam ss SAN SAS Aa Sig a

barred with buff: quills brown: under parts of the body dull
rufous: tail two inches anda half in length; fhape of it fomewhat
cuneiform: legs brown.

Suppofed to come from Cayenne. Seen, among others, in a
collection from that place.

L’Alapi de Cayenne, Buf. oif. iv. p. 485.—P/. enl. 701. f. 2

Trifle bigger than the laft: length fix iaches. The
throat, fore part of neck, and breaft, are black ; the reft of
the under parts afh-colour: the upper part of the head, neck,
and back, are olive brown: the wings deep cinereous brown: on
the middle of the back is a white fpot; and the wing coverts are
marked with {mall {pots of the fame: the tail is cuneiform and
blackifh: the legs pale yellow.
The female wants the white fpot on the back: the chin is
white: the reft of the under parts incline to rufous: the fides of

_ the vent, and under tail coverts, greyifh afh ; and the tips of the

wing coverts pale rufous. It has alfo the upper parts of the |
body paler than in the male. Befides this, it is obferved that the
colours of both male and female differ from variety.

Thefe two laft are found in the thick woods of Guzana, where
they are found in vaft troops running on the ground, and leaping
at times on the low branches of trees, but fly very feldom to
any diftance ; are very agile birds; feed on ants; and have a qua-
vering kind of note, followed by a tbat cry, often eta
when anfwering:one another, : :

Le:

Towa oR) AG 781 is

Le Fourmilier huppé, Puf. cif. iv. p. 476:

*HE length of this fpecies is fix inches. The irides are

~ black: the top of the head is furnifhed with a creft of long
black feathers, which can be ereéted at pleafure: the throat is
black and white mixed: fore part of the neck and breaft black ;
the reft of the plumage greyifh afh-colour: the wing coverts are
tipped with white: the tail is two inches and a third in length,
the fhape cuneiform, margined and tipped with white: in fome
individuals the wing coverts are of a plain afh-colour.

The female has the creft as well as the made, but in her it is
rufous. There is alfo a rufous tinge throughout the grey in the
reft of the plumage.

Thefe inhabit Cayenne, where they breed feveral times in a
year, and lay three eggs at a time. ‘Their cry is like that of a
young chicken. Feed on azis, as the laft.

Le Carrilloneur, Buf. of. iv. p..478.—Pi. enl. 700. £. 2.

ENGTH four inches. The bill is black above and white
' beneath; not remarkably ftout: the top and fides of the
head are white, fpotted with black: over the eye pafies a broad
black ftreak, and a narrow one from behind the eye, blending it-
felf with the former at the loweft part: the chin is white: the
breaft flefh-colour, marked’ with fmall black fpots: the backs
wings, and tail,\are brown, but deepeft on the back: the wing
coverts fpotted with white: the rump, belly, and vent, are rufous
orange: the thighs cinereous: legs dufky.
M 2 This

83

._ 13.
BLACK-
CRESTED THR.

DESCRIPTION.

FemMatt.

PLace.

aaa
CHIMING THR,

DescriPTicnr,

84

PLACE AND
Manners.

TIS.
BLACK-
WINGED THR.

DeEscRIPTION.

Piace.

116.
WHITE-EARED
THR.

DeEscRIPTION.

fH OR w ste:

This inhabits Cayenne and the deep forefts of Guiana; and has
the general habits of the reft: but befides thefe, fome peculiar to
itfelf. It never mixes with the others, though the fame food fuf-
fices it; being met with in fimall flocks of half a dozen, and has
a fingular cry; all together giving an idea of a chime of three
bells of different tones, and very loud. It is fuppofed that each
bird has thefe three tones in itfelf, and not that they are different
in each bird; but this is not certain. This cry they make often
for-whole hours without ceafing.

I do not find that the bird is found in very great plenty ; per-
haps on account of the difficulty of accefs to the place of its.
refort.

Le Bambla, Buf. cif. iv. p. 479-—Pl: enl. 703. f. z.

SG! Z E of a Sparrow: length five inches. and a half. Bili

ftrait, except at the tip, where it is a little curved ; the colour
black: the upper part of the head, body, and rump, are mottled
rufous brown: the under parts pale afh-colour, mottled with
dufky : the wings are black, with a white band acrofs them: the
tail is half an inch only in length, and dufky: the legs are
blackifh brown. ;

This is found at Cayenne, where it is very rare. ‘The manners
are unknown.

Le Fourmilier 4 oreilles blanches, Bzf. oz/. iv. 477.—P/. enl. 822.

SIZE of a Sparrow: length four inches and three quarters.
The bill is dufky, almoft three quarters of an inch in length,
and rather ftout: the top of the head is rufous brown, communi-
10 cating

Ti. Riv Us Sty Ho:

cating with a collar of the fame, half an inch broad, on the
breaft; the chin and throat are black: from behind the eye de-
f{cends on each fide the neck a glofly white ftreak, compofed of
elongated feathers, and broader than the reft: the lower part of
the neck, the back, wings, and tail, are mixed rufous olive brown:
the belly, thighs, and vent, are white: the legs are dufky : the
tail is an inch and a quarter long, and the wings reach to the end
of it.

The female has the head and upper parts like the male: from
the gape a greenifh band paffes through the eye, under the white
ear feathers: the chin and throat are white, and the rufous band
on the breaft is much broader: the reft of the under parts and
legs as in the male.

Thefe inhabit Cayenne with the others, and have, like them,
the general manners of the whole race of Azt-eaters.

Le Colma, Buf. oif. iv. p. 475.—Pl. enl. 703. f. 1.

ENGTHH near fovea inches. Bill nearly blackifh : the upper
parts of the body, wings, and tail, are rufous brown, with a

collar of rufous at the back part of the neck juft below the hind-
head: at the bafe of the noftrils is a fpot of white: the chin
and throat are white; the laft mottled with black: the breatt is
greyifh brown; and the belly, thighs, and vent, cinereous : the tail
is fhort, about an inch and a quarter long: the legs reddifh
brown.

Some of thefe differ in wanting the rufous mark at the nape of
the neck.

Inhabits Cayenne.

Le

85

FEMALE.

PLace.

117.
RUFOUS-NAP-
ED THR.

DESCRIPTION.

Puace,

86

117.
Var, A.

DiscripTion.

118.
ALARUM THR.

DESCRIPTION.

FEMALE.

PLace ann
MaNnNERSe

Tite RU US SHH:

Le Tetema, Buf. oif. vol. iv. p. 475.—P/. el. 821.

IZE of the laft; from which it differs in that the whole of the

under parts, as well as thofe above, are of a dark brown; but
the back part of the head and neck are of a deep rufous. The
bill is partly the fame; but the legs are paler in colour.

This is found with the laft; and Buffou fuppofes this to be the
male and the former the female.

°
Le Grand Béfroi, Buf. oi/. iv. p. 470. pl. 22.—Pi. eal. 706. f. 14
Lev. Mu/.

-ENGTH fix inches and a half. Bill black above, white be-
neath, and rather ftout, fomewhat bent near the end: the
colour of the plumage is brown above, and white beneath, marbled
with dufky on the breaft: the tail is fixteen lines long, and even
at the end: legs pale lead-colour, and an inch and a half in
length. |

The female is bigger than the male, and the individuals differ
much in colour from one another.

This bird inhabits Cayenne; and has a remarkable cry, to be
heard morning and evening, very loud and piercing, like the
lavum of a clock, for about an hour each time. This perhaps
may be thought the call of love, which in the colder climates is
obferved in the breeding feafon ; but, as Buffon juftly remarks,
will not be confined to times or feafons in the warmer regions,
being lefs fixed than in colder ones; whence their having this note
at all times of the year may be accounted for. This is efteemed
good food.

Le

f eR RS Ed,

Le petit Béfroi, Buf. cif. iv. p. 472.
Fourmilier grivelé de Cayenne, P/. e/. 823. f. 1.

HIS is lefs than the laft, meafuring in length only five inches
and an half. Vhe bill is brown: the upper parts of the
body olive brown; as are the rump, belly, and vent, but paler:
the chin and throat are white: the breaft and belly the fame,.
{peckled with frnall numerous brown fpots: fides of the neck,
from the eye to the wings, dafhed with flender white lines, and
fome of the wing coverts fpotted with pale rufous or buff: the
legs are pale brown.

This is found in the fame places as the laft. Buffox feems to
think them varieties ; but on comparifon this laft feems to have a
flenderer bill in proportion, and the tail longer, than in the former
fpecies.

Le Palikour, ou Fourmilier, Buf. off iv. p. 473.—PE. enl. 700. f. 1.

HIS is of the fize of a Lark: length fix inches. The bill is
one inch long, black, and ftrait except at the end, where

it isa trifle bent: the irides are reddifh, and the eye placed in a
blue fkin: the upper parts of the bird.are rufous brown, mar-
gined with rufous: the taik.is very fhort, not one inch in length,
and wholly rufous : on the middle of the back is a patch of black :
the wings are black; moft of the coverts tipped with rufous
yellow : the baftard wing white: fome of the leffer quills have
brown ends, and the outer edges of others are white: the chin,
throat, and breaft, are black, wholly furrounded by a mixture of
black and white from the noftrils, paffing all round on each fide

6 of

119.
SPECKLED
THR.

DescriprTion.

Places,

120:
ANT THR.

DeEscRIPTION,

87

88

PLACE AND
Manners.

VARIETIES

121.
BLUE-T AILED
THR.

Description.

Te aR 9S EB

of the neck to the breaft, taking in the eye, under which it is
broadeft : the belly, thighs, and vent, are afh-colour: the legs
blueith.

This bird is found with the others, and is faid to have a tre-
mulous note, ending in a fharp fhort cry. The neft is made of
mofs; and the eggs are brown, the fize of thofe of a Sparrow,
marked with fpots of a deeper colour at the larger end.
Thefe are lively birds, but feldom fly to any diftance; and are

often feen running up the trees like the Creeper and Woodpecker,

fupporting themfelves by the tail. Are fubject to variety. In
fome fpecimens the chin and throat are rufous, bounded with
black, inftead of being wholly black ; the ends of the tail-
feathers black ; and a bed of white between the fhoulders.

In others, the middle of the chin and throat is nearly white ;
and in all of them the belly and vent are cinereous, and the thighs

¢

in fome few rufous brown.

L’Avurin, Buf. otf. iii. p. 410. iv. p. 470.
Merle de la Guiane, P/. exl. 355.

HIS exceeds a Blackbird in fize, and is eight inches and a
half in length. Bull one inch, brown: the top of the head

to the nape is black : from the noftrils, over the eye, paffes an
orange band, meeting at the neck behind : from the gape fprings
a broad {tripe of black, taking in the eye, and paffing on each
fide the neck to the back: the chin and throat are pale yellow:
on the breaft is a broad band of blue : the back, fcapulars, and ad-
joining wing coverts, reddifh brown; but thofe next the outer
part and quills are black, except the greater wing coverts, which
have a white tip, forming an oblique indented band on the
wing:

Ap Eb Ri Wh Sie Eis

wing : the tail is two inches and a half only in length, cuneiform,
and of a blue colour: all the under parts of the body, from the
breaft to the vent, are tran{verfely itriped with blue and yellow
alternate : the legs are brown.

_This inhabits Guana, and is a rare fpecies: It feems to ftand
between the Crow genus and that of the Thrufb, properly belong-
ing to neither, and placed by us at the heels of the laft, from
many characteriftics denoting its near alliance.

Le Roi des Fourmilliers, Buf. oi/. iv. p. 468.—Pl. exl. 702.

THIS is as large in the body as the Miffel Thrufh, yet from the
fhortnefs of the tail is only feven inches and a half in
length. The bill is brown, and meafures lefs than an inch and a
quarter; is ftout at the bafe, and bent towards the point; and,
were the noftrils covered with reflected briftles, would pafs for one
of the Crow genus; the bafe is befet with a few briftles: the
plumage on the upper parts of the body is rufous brown, darkeft
on the back and wing coverts, each feather of which has a pale
fhaft: the quills are dufky : the back part of the head is lead-
colour: the forehead, to the middle of the crown, is mixed white
_ and brown: the under parts of the body are paler rufous brown,
changing to whitifh towards the vent, and clouded with buff on
the breaft: from the fide of the under jaw is a ftreak of white,
and on the middle of the breaft is a triangular patch of the fame:
the tail is very fhort, only fourteen lines long, juft peeping from
the rump: the legs are long, of a reddifh colour, and bare above
the knee, but the thighs are fhort: the claws are pale. The
female bigger than the male.

Vou. Il. N 2 ainis

39

Praceg.

122.
KING THR.

DeEscripTiONe

90

PLACE,

Pett RO USE.

This bird inhabits South America, chiefly Guiana and Brafi,
in the neighbourhood of large ant-hills, on the inhabitants of
which it chiefly feeds, as do feveral other fpecies; many forts of ©
which unite together into bands: but what is obfervable in this
fpecies, it is feldom feen except one in a flock of the others, or
at moft a pair.

Thefe birds for the moft part keep on the ground, and appear
lefs active than thofe which it keeps company with. The flefh
is accounted very good to eat.

This, like the laft, is an intermediate fpecies between the two
genera before-mentioned, but on infpection is neareft that of the
Crow ; and had we then been lucky enough to have feen the real
bird, which has been the cafe fince, it would have been placed at
the end of that genus.

10 GENUS

Genus XXXII. CHATTERER.

N°r. Waxen Ch. N° 6. Pompadour Ch.

Var. A. Carolina Ch. Var. A. Grey Ch.
2. Purple-breafted Ch. 7~ Red Ch.
3- Purple-throated Ch. 8. Carunculated Ch.
4. Blue-breafted Ch. g- Variegated Ch.
5- Silky Ch.

ILL ftrait, convex, bending towards the point; near the end
of the upper mandible a fmall notch.
Noftrils hid in the briftles.
Middle toe connected to the outer at the bafe *
All of this genus are natives of America, ee the firft-de-
{cribed.

Ampelis Garrulus, Liz. Syf. i. p. 299. 1.—Fauz. Suec. N° 82,.—Muller, p. 30. t= WAXEN CH.
—Kram. el. p. 363. 1.-—Frifth. pl. 32.
Lanius Garrulus, Scop. azz. i. p. 20.
Le Jafeur de Boheme, Bri/: orn. ii. p. 333. 63. — Buf oif. iii. p. 429. pl. 26.
—PI. enl. 261.
Silk Tail, Raiz Syn. p. 85. A.—Phil. tranf. vol. xv. p. 1165. pl. 1. fe ge
Bohemian Chatterer, Will. orn. p. 132. pl. 20.— Albin. ii. pl. 26.
Waxen Chatterer, Br. Zool. N° 112. pl. 48.—4r&. Zool.
Br. Muf. Lev. Ma/.

IZE of a large Lark: length eight inches. Bill black, irides pscoarprrow;
reddifh : the feathers on the crown of the head elongated into

-acreft: the head and upper parts.of the bird are of a reddifh

® Gen, of Birds,
N 2 afh-

FEmMaLe.

PLACE.

CM AT TE RIE R.

afh-colour, inclining much to the laft on the rump: from the
noftrils, over each eye, paffes a ftreak of black to the hind head:
chin black : forehead chefnut: the breaft and belly pale purplith
chefnut, growing white towards the vent: the leffer wing coverts
are brown; the greater, fartheft from the body, black, with white
tips, forming a bar: the quills are black, the third and fourth
tipped on the outer margins with white, the five following with
yellow; the fecondaries are afh-colour, tipped on the outer edge
with white ; befides which, as far as eight of thefe feathers have
the end of the fhafts continued into a flat horny appendage, of the
colour of fine red fealing-wax: the tail is black, tipped with
yellow: legs black.

It is faid that the females want the red appendages at the end
of the fecond quills *, as well as the yellow marks on the
wings {.

This is ranked among the Briti/b birds, but is only feen with
us at uncertain times; fuppofed to breed in Bohemia, and other
parts of Germany, but probably its fummer refidence is more
northward {. Thefe birds are indeed common in Germany every
year, but moft fo once in feven.. With us, obferved to be moft

* This is probable, fince it is certainly fo in the American /pecies. But thefe
birds vary much in this charatteriftic ; for I have obferved fo few as five in fome
fpecimens ; and 8uffon mentions having feen a bird with feven on one wing, and
five on the other, as well as others with three only. .

+ This is not clear to me. The American, or next fpecies, has no yellow on
the wings in either fex. I have never met with one of thefe without.

} Isis feen in plenty both at St. Pererfourgh and Mofcow, in the winter; but
comes from the north, and departs again to the 4réc circle in {pring ; nor is it
ever known to breed in Ruffa. It is fcarce in Sibiria, and has not been ob-
ferved beyond the river Leaa. Mr. Pennant.

plenty

COMVAIT OT EuR ER.

plenty in the zortern parts of the ifland, vifiting annually the
neighbourhood of Edinburgh during winter; and feeds on the
berries of the mountain afb; difappearing in fpring*. They have
alfo been killed in Northumberland and York/bire frequently, as
well as now and then as far fouth as our metropolis +, and are not
unfrequently met with both in Fyance and ftaly. From our little
knowledge of the mative place of thefe birds, little can be faid of
the neft, further than that it is faid to make it in the holes of
rocks t{. The general food is derries of all kinds, and in the feafon
grapes, of which they are faid tobe fond. In countries where they
are plenty, are efteemed good food.

Ampelis Garrulus, Ezz. Sy/?. i. pe 299. 1.

Le Jafeur de la Caroline, Bri/. orn. ii. p. sth 64.—Bauf. vif. lie p. 4416

Caquautototl, Razi Syz. p. 174.

Chatterer of Carolina, Edw. pl. 242.—Catefb. Car. i. pl. 46.—Ar&. Zool.
Br. Muf. Lev. Muf,

HiIS is lefs than the European fpecies, and is much like it,
but the belly is of a pale yellow inftead of red: both
fexes have the wings of a plain colour.
The female has no appendages at the ends of the fecond quills ;
and the plumagetis lefs lively than in the male.
This fpecies is found in America, from the more northern parts
to Carolina and Mexico; but authors do not inform us of the

* Br. Zool. Flor. Scot.

+ Phil. tranf.—One of thefe was fhot at Eltham, in the winter 1781, and is
now in my colleétion.

t In Qartary. Frifch,

|| And that it frequents the mountains Cemmandes). Buffon alfo has met with

one pacts came from Cayenze,
5 manners

93

Tt.
4+Var. A.
CAROLINA

Cc

DescriPTIoNn.

FEMALE.

PLacke

94

2.
PURPLE-
BREASTED
CH.

DESCRIPTIONe

FEMALEe

PLAcE.

GHA TT ERE R.

manners or incubation, any more than of the laft-mentioned,
At Quebec it is called the Recolles +, in Carolina, the Chatterer.
Our late voyagers met with this bird at Avonalafbka t.

Ampelis Cotinga, Liz. Syf.i. p. 298. 4.

Le Cotinga, Bri/. orn. ii. p. 340. pl. 34. f. 1.

Le Cotinga du Brefil, PJ. ex/. 188. the male, 186. the female.

Le Cordon bleu, Buf. oif iv. p. 442. pl. 216

Purple-breafted blue Manakin, Eda. pl. 241.

Cock purple-breafted Manakin, Edw. pl. 340.—Gen. of Birds, p.63. pl. 9-
Lev. Mu. :

GIZE of the Song Thrufh: length eight inches three quarters.

The bill is black : the head, all the upper parts of the body, and
wing coverts, are of arich gloffy blue: thegreater coverts, quills,
and tail, black: the throat, and fore part of the neck, purple, marked
with three or four patches of bright fearlet, irregularly placed :
acrofs the breaft a belt of blue; and beneath another of fcarlet ||;
the reft of the under parts of a fine blue: legs blackith.

The female has the upper parts of a fine blue, and the under,
as far as the breaft, purple: belly and vent blue; the blue in fome
parts clouded with a little black: quills, tail, and legs, as in the
other. ;

Inhabits Brafil.

+ Perhaps from the fimilarity of the creft or plumage to the 4adzr of this order
of friers.

t Eliis’s Voy. ii. p. 15.

\| This is wanting in many fpecimens.

Ampelis

CHATTERER. 95

Ampelis Cayana, Liz, Sy/. i. p. 298. 6. PUBPLE-
Le Cotinga de Cayenne, Brif. orn. ii, p. 344.30 Ple 340 fo 3—Pl, ext, 6244. THROATED

Le Quereiva, Buf. oi/- ive p. 444. CH.
Lev. Muf.

GiZE of the Redwing: length eight inches and a quarter. Description
Bill black: the general colour of the plumage blue green,
with a mixture of black, the feathers being of this laft colour, with
the tips only blue green, fo that the colours feem mixed: the
chin, throat, and fore part of the neck, of a moft beautiful purplith
crimfon: the greater wimg coverts are black, edged with blue:
the quills black, fringed with blue: the tail and legs black..
Inhabits Cayenne. Piacee

Ampelis terfa, Liz. Sy/.i. p. 298. 7.

4.
La Terfine, Buf. otf. iv. p. 446. BLUE-BREAST-

ED CH.
HIS fpecies has the upper part of the head, the fhoulders, Description.
quills, and tail, black : the outer edge of the quills blueifh:

the throat, breaft, lower part of the back, and a band on the

wing coverts, of a pale bliie : the belly yellowith white, deepeft

on the fides.

Linneus does not mention its native place; it may be fome
part of South America. Buffon thinks it likely to prove a female ;.
if fo, perhaps of the laft fpecies.

Ampelis.

96 CHATTER ER.

Ampelis Maynana, Liz. Sy. i. p. 298. 5.

5.
SILKY CH. Cotinga des Maynas, Brif. ora. ii. p. 341. 2.-—Pl. enl. 229.
Le Cotinga a Plumes Soyeufes, Buf. oi/. iv. p. 447.
Lev. Mu/.
Descrirrion, HE length feven inches and a quarter. Bill brown: the

feathers of the head and hind part of the neck are long and
narrow, and of a fine blue; the bafe of them brown: the chin and
throat deep purple: the back and rump, fore part of the neck,
.and from thence to the vent, of the fame blue as the head; but
the feathers are white at the bafe, and blue only at the tips, the
intermediate part being of a violet purple; fo that, except the
feathers lie exaétly over each other, this laft colour feems mixed
with the blue: the thighs are brown: the quills and tail are
blackifh brown; the outer margins and ends blue; but the outer
ones only brown: the legs are black. ‘The feathers of this bird
have the appearance of filky hairs, ferving to diftinguifh it from
the others ; and the blue in fome lights appears green.
PLACE. This beautiful fpecies inhabits the province of Maynas, in
South America. i

6. Ampelis Pompadora, Lin. 5). 1. p. 298. 2.
+ POMPADOUR Le Cotinga Pourpre, Brif. orn. ii. p. 347+ 5. pl. 35. f. 1.—Pl, eal. 279.
See Le Pacapac, ou Pompadour, Buf. oi/. iv. p. 448.
The Pompadour, Edw. pl. 341.
Lev. Mu.

DESCRIPTION. LENGTH feven inches and a-half. Bill brown: the plumage
in general is of a fine glofly purple: the leffer wing coverts

the fame; but the greater ones are narrow, long, and hollowed

beneath, the upper furface appearing ridged, and the tips bare of

webs ;

€ HA TATE RE RB. ; 97

webs; fome of thefe are two inches in length, and hang in an ele-
gant manner over the quills; the fhafts of them are white: the
quills are all white, except juft the tips of fome of the greater
ones, which are brown: the legs are black.

Le Cotinga gris-pourpre, Bri. orn. ii. p. 349. 6. pl. 35. f. 2.— Buf. off. iv. 7 6. i
R. Ae
Be 450s GREY CH.
: Lev. Mu,

HIS is rather fmaller, and variegated with brown along with Description.
the purple: the under tail coverts rofe-colour, and the tail it-
felf brown.
This is moft certainly a young bird, not in full plumage.
I have alfo feen one wholly grey drown, in a collection fent from
Cayenne, which moft likely was a female. Buffon mentions one of
this fort wholly grey.

This fpecies frequents Cayenne and Guiana; at the laft place it nen aoe
appears about the inhabited parts twice in a year, in March and ;
September, and fhifts its quarters to other parts in the intermediate
feafons: it feeds on fruits, and moftly frequents the borders
of rivers, making the wef on the higheft branches of trees; but is
never met with in the woods. The natives of Guiana call it
Pacapac.

Ampelis carnifex, Liz. Sy/. i. p. 298. 3.
Le Cotinga rouge, Brif. orn. i. p. 351. 7-—Pl. eul. 378.
—— ou L’Ouette, Buf. vif. iv. p. 452.
Red Bird from Surinam, Edw. pl. 39.-
| Br. Mif. Lev. Muf.

IZE of the Grofbeak : length feven inches. Bill dull red: the (Dre eeeny
feathers of the head are long, and may ‘be erected into a ‘creft
Wor. II. . ; O at

Fie
+ RED CH.

—_—

FEMALE.

Pracrk AND
Manners.

8.
CARUNCU-
LATED CH.

Pu. XL.

DeEs@RIPTION,

Female.

Pace AND
MaNNERSe

CHAT TUE ARVEDR.

at will: this part, the lower part of the back, rump, lower part of
the belly, thighs, and vent, are of a bright crimfon: the feathers
on the reft of the body of a dullifh red, with dufky tips: the tail
crimfon, with the ends black: the legs dirty yellow, and the hind
part of them hairy.

The female is of a red brown throughout, but the wings and:
tail marked at the ends as in the male.

This bird is found at Cayenne, Guiana, and other parts of South
America, and has much the fame manners as the Pompadour, but is
more common. It is called: by the Creoles Oxette, from its cry.

Le Cotinga blanc, Bri/. era. ii. ps 356. 10.
——— —— —— on Guirapanga, Buf. oi/. iv. p. 454.—Pl, enh 793-794

HE length of this elegant fpecies is twelve inches. The bill

an inch and a half long, and black ; at the bafe is a flefiy
caruncle, hanging over it, like that of a Turkey Cock, being more
or lefs dilatable, as far as two inches in length, and may be even
erected quite upright: the whole plumage of the ma/e is of a pure
white, except a flight tinge of yellow on the rump, quills, and
tail: the legs are black.

The female is furnifhed with the fame caruncle as the male: the
upper parts of the plumage olive grey: forehead and cheeks
white: throat grey, edged with olive: breaft and upper part of
the belly the fame, tipped with yellow: lower part of the belly,.
and vent, pale yellow : the two middle tail feathers like the back ;
the others grey, edged with yellow.

-Thefe birds inhabit Cayenne and Brafl, and are faid to have a
very loud voice, to be heard half a league off, which is compofed
merely of two fyllables, iz, av, uttered in a drawling kind of tone,
I f though

—

W Lila G ey,

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4 st
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Ch abate

CHATTERER.

though fome have compared it to the found of a bell. The Bra-
Jilian name is Guira-panga, or Quira-panga.

Le Cotinga tacheté, Brif. orn. ii. p. 354: 9-
L’Averano, Buf. cif. iv, p. 457.
Guira-punga, Raii Syn. p. 166. 4.—Will, orm p. 199. pl. 38.

HIS is much larger than our Miffel Thrufh. The bill is an

inch long, and black; the gape very wide: irides blue
‘black: under the throat, and on the fore part of the neck, are
‘black flefhy wattles, an inch long, hanging down before, of the f-
gure of the point of a /pear: down the middle of the breait the
feathers divide, giving the appearance of a furrow: the head is
covered with dark brown feathers: the neck, breaft, belly, back,
and thighs, are afh-coloured, having a mixture of black on the
back, and of green -on the rump: the leffer wing coverts are
black; the greater, black and dull green mixed: quills blackith:
tail afh-coloured, mixed with blackifh and green: legs blackith.

The female is lefs than the male: the plumage wholly of a

‘blackifh colour, with a mixture of brown and green, verging moft
‘to brown on the'back, and to green beneath: the wattles on the
throat and neck are wanting in this fex.

This fpecies inhabits Brajl, and has a loud voice, which may be

‘heard a great way off; but this is only for about fix weeks, in the

height of fummer *, in December and Yanuary: it is of two kinds;
one like.that ofa hammer ftriking a wedge, the other fimilar to
the noife of a cracked bell. During the reft of the year, it is
wholly filent.

* Hence called by the Portuguefe 4ve de Verano, or Summer Bird.

O 2 Ginus

99

Q:
VARIEGATED

ae

Description,

FEMALE.

Pract anp
Manners.

[ 100 J

Genus XXXIII. COLY.

INGte (Eape C: N° 4. Radiated C,
2. Senegal C. 5. Panayan C.
3. White-backed C.

ILL convex above, ftrait beneath, fhort, and thick; the
upper mandible curved downwards.
Noftrils fmall, placed at the bafe, and almoft hid by ie
feathers.
Tongue not the length of the bill, laciniated at the end.
Toes divided to the origin. ws

Of this race of Birds Linnaeus knew but two; one of which he
placed with his Shrikes, the other with the Grofbeaks, contrary to
the fentiments of Briffon, who had put them in a genus by them-
felves. Mr. Pennant has judicioufly united them again into one,
and we here think right to follow his example’; as, ‘on inveftiga-
‘tion, there is not a doubt of not only thofe, but all the following,
being of one and the fame genus. ©

Loxia Colius, Liz. Sy. i. p. 301. N° 12 *. i

le
CAPE Ce - Le Coliou du Cap’de Bonne Efperance, Bri/a ora. ii. p. 30 pl. 16. f. 2.
ty —Buf. cif. iv. pe 404.—Pl. enl. 282. £16,
Lev. Mu.

DescRIPTION. SIZE of a Chaffinch: length ten inches and a quarter. Bill
grey, with a dufky black tip: the head and neck are vina-
‘| ‘ceous

* So far as Linneus gives us a fpecific’ diftin@ion of {pecies, the fynonym
is rights but in the end he defcribes fome other bird by miftake ; which he fays
is

While.

Caihked Coly.

Cc O L YX.

ceous afh-colour: back, rump, fcapulars, and upper wing co-
verts, afh-colour: upper tail coverts purplifh chefnut: breaft vi-
naceous: from thence to the vent, dirty white: under wing
coverts black: tail afh-colour, greatly cuneiform in fhape; the
outer feathers not more than ten lines in length, and white on
the outer web: legs grey: claws dufky black.

Inhabits the Cape of Good Hope.

Lanius macrourus, Liz, Syf.i. p. 134. N° 5.
Le Coliou huppé de Senegal, Bri/. orz. iii. p. 306. pl. 16, f. 3.—Buf.
oif. iv. p. 404. pl. 18.— Pl. el. 282. f. 2.

Ss! ZE of the laft: length twelve inches and a half. The bill
grey at the bafe, and black at the tip: general colour of the
plumage a pale grey, which has a vinaceous tinge on the head,

neck, and breaft: the feathers on the top and hind part of the

head are of a fea-green colour, and longer than the reft, forming
a creft: quills and tail grey brown, the laft inclining to blue, and
the fhaft brown ; the feathers of unequal length, the middle ones
being near eight inches long, and fhorten by degrees to the outer
ones, which are lefs than one inch.

Inhabits Sezega/.

LENGTH twelve inches. The upper mandible white at the
bafe, and black the reft of its leneth; the under white: ge-
neral colour of the plumage blueifh afh-colour; the head is

is cinereous, fpotted with grey: beneath brown, marked with round white

Spots, a purple head, and a forked black tail. I cannot fay that I recollect fuch
a bird, i sats

5 greatly

101%

PLAcE.

2e
SENEGAL C.

DeEscRIPTION.

‘Piace.

Hibs
+ WHITE-

BACKED C.
Pz. XLI.

DeEscRIFTION»

IO?

PLACE.

hn
RADIATED
wc

SDeEscriPTiONs

‘Peacz.

C O L Ye

greatly crefted, fome of the feathers longer than the head itfelf,
and when erected ftand quite upright, and are pointed in fhape:
the under parts, from the breaft, are dirty white; near the vent
quite white: the lower part of the back, the rump, and upper
tail coverts, are purple, with a ftripe of pure white the whole
way down the middle: the tail is very long, and cuneiform, as in
the two others, and the fhafts chefnut; the two outer feathers
have the outer webs white, and are only an inch and a half in

length: the legs are very ftout, of a fine red colour, and all the

four toes placed forward, as in the Swift: the claws are likewife
large, hooked, and-dufky.

I received two fpecimens of the above from the Cape of
Good Hope, and it is perhaps only a variety of the others; but
the fingularity of all the toes being placed forwards is ftriking,
and it would be well to-obferve whether it is fo in the others be-
fore defcribed:: to know this, the birds fhould be obferved upon
the fpot, or at leaft before they are placed in attitude, left the
aperator, who cannot be fuppoted to pay regard to what de may
call trivial diftinctions, may deceive the eye of the naturalift.

Le Coliou rayé, Buf. cif. iv. p. 405.

‘YT ENGTH thirteen inches. Bill black above, whitifh be-
neath.: the plumage above is of a dull grey, with a light

tinge of lilac, which inclines to red on the rump and tail: the

breaft is rufous grey, and the belly rufous; both tranfverfely

ftriped with brown: the tail is green, and greatly cuneiform,

like that of the others; the two middle feathers are eight inches

and a half in length.

Found in the neighbourhood of the Cape of Good Hope.

Cc O L Y. 103

Le Coliou de L’Ifle de Panay, Buf. cif, iv. p. 406.—Sonm. voy. p. 116. pl. 74, PAN ee ‘AN C,
"THE bill of this fpecies is black: the head crefted: the head,

neck, and upper parts of the body, are cinereous grey, with a
yellowifh tinge: breaft the fame, croffed with tranfverfe lines of
black: the lower part of the belly, and upper part of the tail,
are rufous: the’ wings reach very little beyond the bafe of the
tail, which is greatly cuneiform, like the others: the legs. are of
a pale flefh-colour.

Inhabits Panay, one of the Philippine [lands.

DascRiPTions

PLACE»

GENS

SN Aw fw Hb &

[104]

GENUS

*witTH

. Common Crofsbill.

. White-winged D°.

. Parrot-billed Grofbeak.
. Hawfinch.
. Pine Grofbeak.

. Caucafian Gr.

. Cape Gr.

Var. A.

. Long-tailed Gr.

. Gold-backed Gr.

. White-throated Gr.
. Blue Gr.

. Purple Gr.

Var. A. Var. B.

. Cardinal Gr.

. Indian Gr.

. Madagafcar Gr.
. Grenadier Gr.

Var. A.

. Mexican Gr.

. Brafilian Gr.

. Paradife Gr.

. Dominican Gr.

Var. A. Crefted D°.
Var. B. Pope Gr.

N® 21
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.

28.
29.
30.
Si
92.
33>
34:

35)
36.

XXXIV. GROSBEAK.

FOUR TOES.

. Sibirian Gr.
Yellow-bellied Gr.
Crefted Gr.
Red-breafted Gr.
Spotted Gr.
Dufky Gr.
Canada Gr.

Var. A.
Fan-tailed Gr.
Java Gr.
Philippine Gr.
Abyffinian Gr.
Penfile Gr.
Bengal Gr.

Nun Gr.

Var. A.

Grey Gr.

Green Gr.

. Chinefe Gr.

. Yellow-fronted Gr.
. St. Domingo Gr.
. African Gr.

. Brimftone Gr.

. Yellow-bellied Gr.

Var. A.
43. Ma-

N° 43.

Marigold Gr.

. Yellow Gr.

. Yellow-rumped Gr.
. Yellow-headed Gr.
. Malacca Gr.

Var. A.

. Molucca Gr.
. Striated Gr.
. Cowry Gr.

. Bulfinch.

Var. A.

. White-winged Gr.
. Angola Gr.

. Brown-headed Gr.
. Grey-necked Gr.

. Orange Gr.

. White-billed Gr.

. Brown Gr.

. Northern Gr.

. Black Gr.

. Thick-billed Gr.

. Black-breafted Gr.
. Lineated Gr.

. Hamburg Gr.

. Gambia Gr.

[

10g |

N° 66.

67.
68.
69.
70.
7ke

nt
BS

Black-headed Gr.

Black-crefted Gr.

White-headed Gr.

Red-billed Gr.

Blue-fhouldered Gr.

Wax-bill Gr.

Var. A. Red-rumped
Gr.

Var. B. White-rumped
Gr.

. White-tailed Gr.
. Cinereous Gr.

Malabar Gr.

. Black-bellied Gr.

. Afiatic Gr.

. Brown-cheeked Gr.
. Radiated Gr.

. Pearled Gr.

. Fafciated Gr.

. Warbling Gr.

- Orange-bellied Gr.

Var. A.

. Minute Gr,
. Dwarf Gr.

#* WITH THREE TOES,

85. Three-toed Gr.

Vou. II,

P

THE

106

Te
+ COMMON
CROSSBILL..

DescripTion.

PEMALEs

Gi (Oy Se Baek Ak:

HE bill in this genus is ftrong, convex above and below;.
and very thick at the bafe..
Noftrils {mall and round.
Tongue as if cut off at the end.
Toes placed three * before and one behind..

Wir a) PiO: UR) a OES.

Loxia curviroftra, Liz. Sy/f. i. ps 299. N° 1.—Faun. Succes 224.—Scopis
ann, i. p. 200.— Kram. el. 365. N° 2.-—Bruxz. p. 66. N° 238 ea
N° 244.—Frifch. t. 11.—Georgi Reife, p. 174.

Le Bec-croifé, Brif. orn. iii. p. 329. N° 1. pl. 17. f. 3.—Buf. oif, iii.
p- 449. pl. 27. f. 2.—P. enl. 218,

Sheld-apple, or Crofs-bill, Radi /yn. p. 86. A.—VWill. orn. P- 248. t. 450.
—Albin. i. pl. 61.—Edw. pl. 303.—Br. Zool. is N° 115. pl. 49.—
Ar &.. Zool.

Br. Muf. Lev. Mufv

HIS bird is about the fize of a. Lark, and is fix inches and
three quarters long. It is known by the fingularity of its.
bill, both mandibles of which curve oppofite ways, and crofs each
other; the colour of the upper blackifh, the under grey: irides.
cinereous hazel: the colours of the-plumage-are apt to vary: the
male is in general of a red-lead, inclining to rofe-colour, and
more or lefs. mixed with brown; the under parts are confiderably-
paler, and growing almoft white at the vent: the wings and tail:
are brown; the laft a trifle forked: the legs black.
The female is of a green colour, more or lefs mixed with:
brown in thofe parts where the male is-red. ‘The young males:

* The laft {pecies excepted, which has only two toes before. _
; are:

Gi Re OO; St Be Es Ay Ky

are like the females at firft, changing by degrees into the fine red
colour; but the adult female feldom gets any other tinge than
olive green; however, this rule is not conftant, as both fexes ap-
pear very different, even at different times of the year.

This fpecies is a conftant inhabitant of Sweden, Germany, Po-
land, Switzerland, Ruffia, and Sibiria, where it breeds ; but migrates
fometimes in vaft flocks into other countries, as is now and then
the cafe in refpect to England; for though in fome years a few are
met with, yet in others it has been known to vifit us by
thoufands, fixing on fuch fpots as are planted with pines, for the
fake of the feeds, which are its natural food: it is obferved to
hold the cone in one claw, like the Parrot, and to have all the
actions of that bird when kept in a cage, which I have known
done for many years*. It is alfo found in North America and
Groenland, and is faid to make the neft in the higheft parts
of the jir-trees, faftening it to the branch with the refinous matter
which exudes from the trees; and that it breeds fo early as
Fanuary or February, the young being fit to take in March }.
I never heard of its breeding in England, but know one inftance
of its being fhot at large in the middle of fummer. I have been
told that they have done great damage in orchards, by tearing
the apples to pieces for the fake of the see the only part they

delight in f.

* Frifeh obferves, that if this bird is fed on hemp-feed, the red colour
‘will come the fooner. — It is quite different in the Hou/e Sparrow and Goldfinch,
as the fame food occafions a blacknefs throughout the whole plumage.

+ Frifch.

{ This experiment does not fucceed in a cage, as apples have been put
in along with the bird, who has fuffered them to remain untouched.—Bar-

wing. Mife. pe 223.
Pa : Briffou

PLACE.

107

108

VARIETIES:

Ze
+ WHITE-
WINGED

CROSSBILL.

DeEscRiPTION.

Piacz.

3.
+ PARROT-
BILLED GR.
Pr-OXE dr,
DEseRIPTION.

GR OS BE A XK.

Briffon mentions a variety, which differed in having the
plumage of a blackifh rufous colour, with a red head.

Mr. Pennant alfo {peaks of two forts, a larger and fmaller;
but fays that thofe figured in Edwards are the fmaller: he cannot
therefore mean the following, which I do not find fpoken of by
any one.

Lev. Mu/.

HE fize of this fmall fpecies is about that of a Goldfinch,

and meafures only five inches and three quarters in length.
The bill, like the other, of a dufky horn-colour: noftrils covered
with reflected briftles, of a pale buff-colour; at the bafe of the
bill, from eye to eye, a ftreak of brown: the feathers on the
head, neck, back, and under parts, are whitifh, deeply margined
with crimfon; and, as fome part of the white appears not fully
covered with the crimfon, gives the bird a mottled appearance :
the rump is pale crimfon: the vent dirty white: the wing
is black, marked with a bar of white from the fhoulder, paffing
obliquely backwards, and a fecond bar, or rather fpot, of the
fame below that, but only in the inner half: the fecond quills are
each of them tipped with white: the tail black: legs brown.

I have received this both from Hud/on’s Bay and New York.

Lev. Muf.

IZE of the Hedge Sparrow: length feven inches. The bilf
fafhioned much like that of a Parrot, the upper mandible be-
ing elongated and curved at the point, the under one fhort;
colour of the bill pale, with a dufky tip: the head and part of
the

Currot-

Ves 5 bypos Yoyy :

ay
4

Peete ebnen eat hh oe 2

diets

G RG lS BIE & Ke:

the neck in the male are yellow: the reft of the plumage a
greenifh olive brown, paleft beneath: the edges of the quills and
tail yellowifh; the laft even at the ends: legs pale brown.

The plumage in the fema/e is not unlike that of the male, ex-
cept the head, which is the fame as the other parts of the body,
with a mixture of yellowifh grey about the fides of the head.

Inhabits the Sandwich Iflands.

109

FEMALE.

PLACE.

Loxia ae Lin. Syf. i. p. 299. N° 2.—Faun. Suec. 222.—Scop. = HAWFINCH

ann. i. N® 203.—Kram. el. p. 364. N° 1.—Bruz. in app.—Muller,
Ne jk Bias t. 4. M. & F.—Ofin. uccel. pl. in pl. 37.

Le Gros-bec, Brif. orn. ili. p. 219. N° 1.—Buf. oif. ii. p. 444. pl. 27. f. 1.
— Pi. enl. 99, 100-

Groffebeak or Hawfinch, Raii Syz. p. 85. A. 1.—Will. orn. p. 244. pl, 44.

—Albin. i, pl. 56.—Edw. pl. 188.—Br. Zool. i. N° 113.—Aré.
Zool.

Br. Muf. Lev. Muf.

HIS is in length fix inches three quarters. The bill three

quarters of an inch in length, and not much lefs in depth at
the bafe; in fhape conical, and in courfe prodigioufly ftrong :
the colour in fome black, in others horn-colour.: irides afh-
colour: between the bill and eye, round the noftrils, and on the
chin, the feathers are black: the crown of the head rufous chef-
nut; fides of it the fame, but paler: hind part of the neck afh-
colour: the back and leffer wing coverts chefnut,, inclining to
grey on the rump: the greater wing coverts grey: the under

parts are pale rufous bloffom-colour, growing almoft white
towards the vent: the quills are all black, except fome neareft
the body of the fecondaries, which are brown; the four outer ones:

feem to be cut off at the tips, and are befides bent at the end,

giving,

Descriptions

Tro

FEMmMALe.

Gi ORG OF OSE Bie EX HAC 1Ke

giving an odd appearance: the prime quills have each of them a °
{pot of white about the middle of the inner web: the tail is alfo
black, but the two middle feathers incline to cinereous near the
end, and all the outer ones have the end half white on the inner
webs and tip: the legs are pale brown.

The female is lefs bright in colour: the part between the bill
and eye is grey inftead of black.

This may ferve for a general defcription, but the colours vary
much: the head in fome has the top whitifh, furrounded with
rufous; in others wholly black: the band of the wings in fome
is almoft white, in others grey, and again wholly wanting.
Specimens have alfo been feen with the body wholly black: the
breaft and belly fpotted with rufous; and the upper mandible
the longeft: and fome have been met with which were wholly
white, the quills excepted *.

This fpecies is ranked among the Britifb birds; but only
vifits thefe kingdoms occafionally, and for the moft part in win-
‘ter, and never known to breed here ++. It is more plenty in
France, coming into Burgundy in fmall flocks, about the begin-
ning of April; and foon after makes the neft, which is placed
-between the bifurcation of the branches of trees, about twelve

‘feet from the ground: it is compofed of fmall dry fibres, inter-

‘mixed with liverwort, and lined with finer materials. The
-eges are of a, roundifh fhape, of a blueifh green fpotted with

olive brown, with a few irreeular black markings interfperfed. It

* Scopoli.
t I once received a Grofeeat, which was fhot in the fummer months
avithin a few miles of me.

¥ as

GRoOs B E A XK.

is alfo common in Italy, Germany, Sweden*, and the weft and.
fouthern parts of Rufia, where the wild fruits grow; in the reft of
the empire fcarce, except beyond Lake Baikal, where they arrive
from the fouth in great plenty, to feed on the berries of a tree
peculiar to that country fT.

From the great ftrength of the bill, it cracks the ftones of
the fruit, of the haws, cherries, &c. with the greateft eafe. Ido
not recollect ever feeing it kept in a cage; but if fo, it muft be
from its fingular appearance, as I cannot find it recorded by any
author for its fong,

Loxia enucleator, Liz. Sy/. i. p. 299- N° 3.—Faun. Suec, 223.—Brun. N°

239.—Muller, N° 246.
Gros-bec de Canada, Brif. orn. iii. p. 250. N° 45. pl. 12. f. 3.—P/. ent.
135- I.
Le-Dur-bec, Buf. oif- ili. p. 457.
Greateft Bulfinch, Edw. pl. 123, 124. M. & F.
Pine Grofbeak, Br. Zool. i. N° 114. pl. 49. f. 2.—Ar&. Zool.
Br. Muf. Lev. Muf.

HIS is a larger bird than the laft, being nine inches im

length, and two ounces in weight. The bill is half an
inch long, and dufky; it is ftout at the bafe, and the upper
mandible hooked at the tip:. the noftrils are covered with recum-
bent brown feathers : the head, neck, breaft,. and rump,.are of a
rofe-coloured crimfon : the back and leffer wing coverts black,
edged with reddifh.; the greater wing coverts the fame, tipped
with white,, forming two bars on the wings: the quills are

* Sometimes builds in the province of Scania. See It. Scan. 332. Amzns
Acad. iv. p. 594. N° 122.
+ Pyrus baccata. Lin, Mr. Pennant..

Black: ;,

Loe

Se
+ PINE GR.

DeEscriFTiows.

1i2

FEMALE.

PLAcE AND
MaAnNnwNeERsSe

6.
CAUCASIAN
GR.

DescrRiPTion.

Gk OS B E A&A K.

black ; the fecondaries have the outer border white, and the
primaries grey margins: the belly and vent are afh-coloured:
the tail is a little forked, marked as the quills : legs brown.

The female is moftly of a greenifh brewn colour, with here
and there a reddifh or yellowifh tinge, but chiefly at the top of
the head.

This fpecies frequents the moft northern parts of this kingdom,
being only met with in Scotland, and efpecially the Highlands,
where it breeds, and inhabits the pine-forefts, feeding on the feeds,
like the Crofs-di/l. It is alfo found in all the pine-forefts of
Sibiria, Lapland, and the northern parts of Rufia; common
about Sz. Peterfburgh in autumn, and is caught in great plenty
at that time for the ufe of the table, returning north in {pring *.

They are likewife common to the northern parts of America ;
appear at Hud/on’s Bay in May, to which place they are faid to
come from the /outh, and are obferved to feed on the buds of
willow. The fouthern fettlements are inhabited by them through-
out the year, but the northern only in the fummer feafon. Our
laft voyagers met with this bird in Norton Sound; it was alfo
found at Aoonalafbka +.

Loxia rubicilla, N.C. Petr. vol. xix. p. 463. N° 1. pl. 12. Au&. 4. Se
Gueldenftaedt.

rf ENGTH eight inches. The upper mandible brown, the

under whitifh: eyes brown: the upper part of the head and
body, the fore part of the neck arid breaft, deep crimfon, marked
with triangular fpots of white: belly and vent pale rofe-colour,

* Mr. Pennant ¢ Zilis’s Narr. vol. it. p» 15.
6 : undulated

Ga Ri Ot Sir Be EE) Ay K;

undulated with whitifh ; under tail coverts rofe-coloured brown:
thighs hoary: bafe of all the feathers deep afh-colour, giving an
undulated appearance throughout: prime coverts and quills
brown, edged with rofe-colour: tail three inches and a half
long, even, of a glofly black, the outer feathers margined with
whitifh, the reft with rofe-colour: legs and claws black: the
wings are an inch fhorter than the tail.

The female differs very little, except in having the colours
more dull.

This fpecies inhabits the coldeft parts of the Caucafian moun-
tains, efpecially the gravelly hollows; and lives on the /ea duck-
thorn * berries, which grow there plentifully, and is the means
of propagating it, the feeds paffing through them: often fly in
vaft flocks; the note not unlike that of a Bulfinch.

Loxia Capenfis, Lin. Sy/.i. p. 306. N° 39.
Le Pingon du Cap de Bonne Efperance, Bri/. ore. iti. 171. N° 45. pl. 16.
f. 1.
Le Pinfon noir & jaune, Buf. of, iv. p. 142.
Le Gros-bec de Coromandel, Buf, oi/. iii. p. 456.—PI/. ext. 101. £. to
Loxia atra, Uropygio flavo, N. C. Petr. xi. 438. t. 16. f. g.
Br. Muf. Lev. Mu.

IZE of a Chaffinch: length almoft fix inches and a quarter.
Bill very ftout, and of a dufky colour: the head, neck, upper
part of the back, and under parts of the body and tail, are of a
deep black: the feathers of the head fhort, like pluth or velvet:
the fhoulders of the wings, and lower part of the back and rump,
of a fine deep yellow ; the reft of the wing reddifh brown, edged

“ Hippophe rhamnoides. Lin. :
Vo. Il. Q with

113

Femave.

PLACE.

Fe
+ CAPE GR.

DeEscriPTION.

114

Prace.

oe
Var. A

DescRirPTion.

8.
LONG-TAILED
GR.

DescripTion.

G Re O} Sd Bo BY AN Ky

with grey, but the greater quills with yellow: the feathers
round the knee are pale brown; and the legs dufky. I have ob-
ferved in fome fpecimens, that the whole of the upper part of the
back was yellow.

This fpecies inhabits the coafts of Cisdnindel and is alfo fre-
quently brought from the Cape of Good Hope. Buffon has made
two fpecies of this bird, as quoted above; but I am clear that
both may be comprehended under the above-defcribed.

Gros-bec tacheté du Cap de Bonne Efperance, Buf. off, iii. p. 473-—Pl. enle
MOvge ts. 1.

‘HIS is brownifh above, each feather fpotted in the middle

with black: the fides of the head, under parts of the body,

and wing coverts, dufky white, dafhed with black: fhoulders of

the wings, and rump, pale yellow: quills and tail black, the laft
edged with grey : bill and legs pale.

This is faid to be a variety of the former, or, what is more
likely, a young bird in its firft plumage, or a female; this cir-
cumftance being not uncommon in black birds, to be greatly
mottled, in a variety of light fhades, before they arrive at a cer-

tain age *.

Le Pere noir a longue queue, Buf. oi/. iii. p. 487.
Moineau de Royaume de Juida, PJ. en/. 183. f. Te
Gros-bec noir, Salerz. ora. p. 278. 17.

IZE of a Houfe Sparrow, but meafures more, as the tail is
pretty long; the whole bird is full feven inches in length :
the general colour of the plumage is black, with a bar of rufous

* Inflanced in the Red-winged Oriole. See vol. i. p. 428.
. yellow

GROSBEA XK,

yellow quite acrofs the back and wing coverts: the tail is cunei-
form in fhape, and nearly half the length of the bird: bill and
legs dufky.

Inhabits Whidah in Africa; and, if the bird above referred
to in Salerne*, is fometimes met with in Senegal.

Golden-backed Finch, Brown’s II. pl. 25.

ENGTH fix inches. Bill, head, and neck, deep black;

the feathers not velvety, as in the Cape Grofbeak: back of a

rich golden yellow: wing coverts of a light brown, fpotted with
black : breaft and belly black: legs blueifh.

Inhabits Benguelo. ‘This bird is in the mufeum of M. Tunftal,
Efq. On further examination, I find that the whole back,
rump, and upper tail coverts, are yellow; the ends of the two
laft fringed with dufky ; and all the tail feathers, except the two
middle ones, very pale at the edges.

Loxia groffa, Liz. Sy/. i. p. 307. N° 44.
Le Gros-bec bleu d’Amerique, Brif. ornz. app. p. 89. pl. 5. f. 1.— Buf. oi/.
iil, p. 456.—P/. enl. 154. (Female.)
Br. Muf.

LENG T H feven inches and a half.- Bill very ftout, and red:

the general colour of the plumage deep blue: the bill is
furrounded with black, which paffes downwards before, and co-
vers the fore part of the neck; in the middle of this, on the

* This author fays, that the tail is as long as the body ; the middle feathers
one-third longer than the outer ones: that the head and neck are like velvet ;
and the-colour of the upper part of the back of a deep yellow.

(0) chin

11g

PLACE.

9:
GOLD:
BACKED SR.

DescRIPTION.

PLACE.

10.
WHITE
THROATED

DescrRIPTION.

116

Famate.

PLAceE,

It.
BLUE GR.

DeEscripTion,

Fenace:

Gok © SBE Av kK

ehin and throat, is a large patch of white: the legs of a dufky
blueifh colour.

The female has lefs of the white on the chin, and this is not
furrounded with black, asin the male. The bills in both have
a procefs on each fide of the upper mandible, about the middle
of the edges; which circumftance is not noticed in Buffon, and
is more confiderable than in that figured by Briffon.

The above fpecimens are in the Briti/h Mufeum, and are faid
to have come from Surinam; they are named Corn-bitters. Brif-
fon’s bird is merely faid to inhabit America, but what part is not
mentioned.

Loxia cerulea, Lin. Syf. i. p. 306. N° 41.

Le Bouvreuil bleu de le Caroline, Brif. orn. ili. p. 323. N° 7.
Le Bec-rond ou Bouvreuil bleu d’Amerique, Buf, oi/, iv. 392-
Blue Finch of Guiana, Bancr. Guian. p. 179?

Blue Grofbeak, Cate/o. Car.i. pl. 39.—<Ara. Zool.

IZE of the Bullfinch: length fix inches. Bill half an inch,
ftout, brown ; the bafe of it furrounded with black feathers,

which reach on each fide as far as the eye: the whole plumage
befides is of a deep blue, except the quills and tail,. which are
brown, with a mixture of green, and acrofs the wing coverts a
band of red: the legs are.dufky.

The female is brown, with avery little mixture of blue.

I fufpe& this to be Bancroft’s bird, which he fays is fky-blue,.
with the outer edges of the quills and tail crimfon; and the more
fo, as I have Jately met with one from Cayenne which had the
chin, as. well as round the bill, black, and both the fhoulders,
fome of the wing coverts, and edges of the fecondaries, marked
with. reddifh,

5 Le

GER ©) SB By A OK:

Le Bouvreuil bleu du Brefil, Brif. orm. iii. 321. N°6. pl. 17. f. 2.

HIS differs in being wholly blue, except a black {pot be-
tween the-bill and eye.
Inhabits Brafi/. I make no doubt of its being a mere variety.

Loxia Cyanea, Lin. Sy/.i. p. 303. N° 22.—Amen. Acad. iv. p. 244.
Le Gros-bec bleu d’Angola, Bri. orn. app. p. 88. 19+
Blue Grofs-beak from Angola, Eazw. pl, 125.

Lev. Muf.

IZE of the laft. Bill lead-colour: irides dark hazel: ge-
neral colour of a fine deep blue, except the quills and tail,
which are black: legs black.

This was brought from Li/gon, and fuppofed to inhabit Angola,
but is full as likely to have been brought from fome of the
Brafilian fettlements. It is certainly a mere variety of the
ethers. The Portugueze give it the name of Azulam.

Loxia violacea, Lin. Syf. i. p. 306. N° 43.
Le Bouvreuil violet de Bahama, Bri/. orn. ili. p. 326. N° 9.
ou Bec rond violet a.gorge &. fourcils rouges, Buf. oif. iv. p.
390. ;
Black Sparrow, Razi Sym. p..188.—Sloaz.. Fam. il. p. 311..
Purple Grofbeak, Care/o. Car. pl. 40.—Ar&. Zool.
Br. Muf. Lev. Muf.

I1ZE of a Sparrow: length five inches three quarters.. Bill
black: plumage violet black, except the irides, a ftreak
ever the eye, the chin, and the vent, which are red: legs dufky
grey.

The

117
II.
Var. A.
DescriPTion.

Pracz.
11,
Var. B.
Descriprion.

Place.

32,
++ PURPLE GR,

DescriPTion,

118
FEmALe.

PEACE:

1166
+ CARDINAL
GR.

DESCRIPTION,

FEMALE.

GakwOe si bik Vai Kk

The female is brown where the male is black, and the red not
fo bright.

Inhabits the Bahama [lands, Famaica, and the warmer parts of
America.

Loxia cardinalis, Lin. Sf. i. p. 300, N° 5.—Ama@n. Acad. iv. p. 242.—
Scop. ann. i. N° 203.—Frifch. t. 4,

Le Gros-bec de Virginie, Bri/. orz. ill. p. 253. N° 17.—Buf. of. iii. p. 458s
pl. 28.—P/. enl. 37.

Virginian Nightingale, Raii Syn. p. 85. A. 3.—Wéall. orn. p. 245. ple 44.

Red Grofbeak, d/bin. i. pl. 57. (the male.) iii. pl. 61. (the female).

Red Bird, Kalw. trav. li, p. 72.

Cardinal, Brown’s Fam. p. 647.—Hif. Louif. ii..p. 139.—Ar&. Zool.

Br. Muf. Eev. Muf.

HIS is near eight inches in length. The bill is ftout, and

of a pale red-colour: irides hazel: the head is greatly
crefted, the feathers rifing up to a point when erect: round
the bill, and on the throat, black; the reft of the bird of
a fine red: the quills and tail are duller than the reft, and
brewnifh within: the legs are the colour of the bill.

The female differs from-the male, being moftly of a reddifh
brown. This fpecies is met with in feveral parts of North dme-
vica, and has attained the name of Nightingale defervedly, being
of a remarkable fine fong, the note much like that after which
itis named. In fpring, and moft part of the fummer, fits on
the tops of the higheft trees, finging early in the morning, fo
loud as almoft to pierce the ears: frequently kept in cages, in
which it fings throughout the year; fometimes quite mute for a
time, and-again reftlefs, hopping from perch to perch, and fing-
ing alternately. It is fond of maize and dbuck-wheat, and will get

6 ie. topether ,

Grog: BA. 119

together great hoards of thefe, often as much as a bufhel, which
it artfully covers with leaves and fmall twigs, leaving only a
fall hole for its entrance into the magazine *; is alfo fond of
bees. It comes the beginning of April into New York and the
Ferfeys, and frequents the Maguolia {wamps during the fummer :
in autumn departs towards Carolina. Is pretty tame, frequently
hopping along the road before the traveller. It is not gregarious,
fcarce ever more than three or four being met with together.
From their being familiar birds, attempts have been made to
breed them in cages, but it has been without fuccefs +.

Le Gros-bec des Indes, Brz/. orm. iii. p. 252. N° 16.

4.
P&itt. crift. ruber, minor ex infwla Boetenfi, Seba, i. t. 60. f. 4. INDIAN GR.

IGGER than the Hawfinch: length eight inches. Bill one Descrirrion.
inch, and yellow: the head is crefted: the whole plumage
fine red: the bafe of the bill, and wing coverts, more dull than
the reft: legs yellow: toes long: claws fharp and bent.
Inhabits India. Pace.

Loxia Madagafcarienfis, Liz. Sy/t.i. p. 300. N° 6.

Le Cardinal de Madagafcar, Brif. orn. p. 112. N® 20, pl. 6. f. 2.
Le Foudis, Buf. off. iit. p. 495. j

Moineau de Madagafcar, Pl. enl. 134. f. 2.

MADAGASCAR
GR.
IZE of a Houfe Sparrow : length five inches and a third. Descriptions,

Bill dufky : through the eye a ftreak of black { : general co-

* Hift. dela Louif, + Albin. 4 This is wanting in the P/, enl,

lour ‘

¥20

16.
« GRENADIER
GR,

Description.

PLACE,

mG Ry Ov Si BYE), At KK

lour of the plumage red, but the middle of each on the back is
black: quills and tail brown, margined with olive green: legs
grey brown. .
The young birds at firft are olive, and do not arrive at the red
colour but by degrees.
It is called at Madagafcar, Foudi lahé mene.

Loxia orix, Lin. Mant. 1771. p. 527. — Emberiza orix, Liz. Sy/t. i. p. 309.
N° 7.
Le Cardinal du Cap de Bonne Efperance, Bri/. ora. iii. p. 114. N° 21. pl. 6.
f. 3.—Buf. oif. iii. p. 496.—PI. enl. vi. f. 2. (the male?) 134. f. re
(the female ?)
Grenadier, Edw, pl. 178. — Phil. tranf. vol. lxvi. p. 278. — Miller’s Plates,
N° 1.
Bre Muf. Lew. My.
IZE of the laft. The forehead, fides of the head, and china,
are black: the breaft and belly the fame: the wings brown,
with pale edges ; and the reft of the body of a beautiful red co-

jour : round the knee pale brown: legs pale.

Some of thefe birds want the black on the chin, and may not
unaptly be taken for females.

Thefe are inhabitants of Saint Helena, and are alfo in plenty
at the Cape of Good Hope, where they frequent watery places
where reeds grow, among which they are fuppofed to make the
neft*, After defcribing thefe birds, Mr. Ma/fon obferves that

the

* Tf this be the fame with Kolben’s Finch, he fays that it is of a peculiar con-
trivance, made with fmall twigs, interwoven very clofely and tightly with
cotton, and divided into two apartments and but one entrance (the upper for

the male, the lower for the female) and is fo tight as not to be penetrated by
any

GROS BE A XK,

the appearance of thefe among the green reeds has a wonder-
ful effect; for, from the brightnefs of their colours, they appear
like fo many /carlet lilies.

Le Rouge noir, Buf. off. iii. p. 461.
Gros-bec de Cayenne, PI. exl. 309. 2+

HIS feems to be a trifle larger; but otherwife differs but

very little: the colours are the fame, and diftributed in the
fame manner; but has the tail of the fame colour as the
wings, and the knees not differing in colour: however, I think
the two laft to be the fame birds, efpecially as I have one in my
poffeffion, and have feen many, from the Cape of Good Hope, with
the tail as defcribed in this bird,

Loxia Mexicana, Lin. Sy. i. p. 300. N° 7.

Le Gros-bec du Mexique, Br7/. orn. ili. p. 256. N° 18.

Avis Mexicana, grandis, rubra ; Pafferis fpecies, Seba, i. p. 101. pl. 65.
f. 1. :

OMEWHAT larger than the Hawyinch: length fix inches
and three quarters. The whole body covered with feathers
of a blood-red colour: upper tail coverts blackifh, with a mix-
ture of red: quills and tail blackifh: the wings reach the middle
of the tail.
Inhabits Mexico,

any weather. Moft plenty about Mo/bel Bank. He adds, that the bird is fcar-
let only in fummer, being in the winter wholly afh-coloured. Hit. Cap.
vol. li. Pp. 153.

Vou. Il. R Le

12t

16.
Var. A.

DeEscRIPTION.

17.
MEXICAN GR,

DeEscRIPTION.

PLACEe

18.
BRASILIAN

DeEscriPpTion.

GR, O S. B. E. AK.

Le Grivelin, Buf. off. iii. p. 461. pl. 30.
Gros-bec du Brefil, P/. enl. 309. fo V6
Lev. Muf.

EN GTH five inches and three quarters, Bill fhort,

thick, and of a flefh-colour: the whole head and chin are
red: beneath this a ring of white, not quite meeting on the
fore part: back and wing coverts brown: quills and tail black ;
the coverts and fecondaries have pale reddifh tips; end of the
tail white: the breaft, belly, and fides, reddifh white, marked
with round fpots of white, more or lefs encircled with black :

_ middle of the belly red: rump dufky.

PLACE.

1Q-
PARADISE GR,

DESCRIPTION.

PLACE.

inhabits Bra/f/, and is a moft beautiful fpecies.

Loxia Erythrocephala, Liz. Syf. i. p. 391. N° 10.
Le Cardinal d’Angola, Bri/. orn, Supp. p. 78. N° 69.
Sparrow of Paradife, Edav. pl. 180.

Lev. Mu.

ENGTH almoft fix inches. Bill flefh-colour: head and

chin red: hind part of the neck, the back, rump, and wing
coverts, blueifh afh-colour: upper tail coverts margined with
erey : the under parts white, marked with curved {pots of black
on the fides: the wing coverts tipped with white, forming two
bars of the fame on the wing: quills and tail deep blue afh,
tipped with grey: the legs flefh-colour..

This fpecies inhabits Angola.

Loxia

GRO SS BYE CA X. 123

Pr,
Loxia yom ans Lin. Syft. i. p. 301. N° 8. —- Aman, acad. iv. P. 242. DOMINIC IN
NP er GR.
Le Gros-bec du Brefil, Bri. orn. iii. p. 246. N° 13.

Rubicilla Americana, Raii Synz. p. 86.
American Bulfinch, Will. orn. p. 1476 § 116
Dominican Cardinal, Edw. pl. 127.

Br. Muf. Lev. Muf.

IZ E ofa Lark. Upper mandible brown; under, pale flefh- Descrrprion.
colour: eyes blueifh: the head, throat, and fore part of the

neck, are deep red; hind part of the neck blackifh, with a flight

mixture of white: wing coverts, back, rump, upper tail coverts,

and {capulars, grey mixed with a few black fpots: fides of the

neck, breaft, belly, thighs, and vent, whitifh: quills black, edged

with white: tail black: legs cinereous.
Inhabits Brafil: : Pratce:
Le Cardinal Dominiquain hupé, Buf. oif. iii. p. 501. —PI. exl. 103. ae A.
Crefted Cardinal, Brown’s Ii]. p. 24. pl. 23.—Mailler’s Plates, 2. CRESTED DO-

é MINICAN GR.
EAD much crefted, ending in a point like the Virginian’ Descarrtion.
Grofbeak : head, and fore part of neck, red; beneath, white:

back and wings cinereous: tail longifh; two middle feathers

cinereous, the reft dufky.

Inhabits Bra/il, and appears a mere variety of the laft. PLACE.

R 2 Le

124

20.
Var. B.
POPE GR.

DeascriPTion.

Fremaue.

Puace.

2.
SIBIRIAN GR.

DeEscripTione

GeO) 3,5 Baw Ayia.

Le Cardinal Dominicain, Brif. ora. iii, p. 116. N° 22. pl. 6. fi. 4i—
Pl. enl. 55. f.2

Le Paroare, Buf. o#/. iii, p. 500. pl. 31.

Tije Guacu Paroara, Radi Syn. p. 89, N° 9. — Will. orn. p. 256.

pl. 41. 45.
Pope Grofbeak, 4rd. Zool,
‘IZ E of the laft: length fix inches and three quarters. Bill
as the laft: the head, as far as the crown, the cheeks, and

throat, are of a fine red colour, ending in a point on the fore part.
of the neck: the hind part of the head and neck, and all the un-
der parts, from the breaft, are white ; but down the middle of the
neck behind is a ftripe of black: back, fcapulars, and rump, ci-
nereous; but fome of the feathers of the firft have black mar-
gins: wing coverts black; acrofs the larger a ftripe of white:
quills black, edged with white, and fome of the fecondaries
tipped with white: tail as the wings, and a trifle forked: legs
and claws grey brown.

The female has the fore part of the head yellow orange, dotted
with red: in other things like the male.

Inhabits Brafil, and fome parts of North America, and appears
to be a variety of the others.

Loxia Sibirica, Pall. Tr. vol. ii. p. 711. N° 24.

IZE of a Linnet, but fuller of feathers. Bull a trifle longer
than in the Bulfinch; round the bafe of it the feathers of a
deep purple: head and back in fome birds of a deep vermilion
in others rofe-colour, marked with brown as in the Linnet : the

under parts paler, and not fpotted: the feathers about the head |
6 have

Ga ke ©) an) Bagb AY Ki.

have the tips of a polithed white, appearing very vivid in fome
lights: bafe of the wings white; coverts the fame, with black
tips, forming a double oblique bar on the wings: quills edged
with white: tail longer than the body; nearly even; the outer
feathers white; the others black, with pale margins.

The female and young birds are the colour of a Linnet, with a
tinge of red on the belly and rump.

This is a molt beautiful fpecies, and inhabits the bufhy fhrubs
about the rivers and torrents of the fouthern mountains of Sz-
biria, and particularly about the Lake Baikal: fond of the feeds
of the blueifh and other Mugworts*: is a reftlefs bird, and in
winter unites into {mall flocks, and keeps in the warmer fitua-
tions among the fhrubs.

Yellow-bellied Grofbeak, 4r&. Zool.

ILL yellow: head red: nape olive brown: hind part of the
neck, and under parts, of a fine red: belly yellow: the
wings, the lower part of the back, and tail, olive, except the two
middle feathers of the laft, which are red.
Inhabits Virginia +.

Loxia Criftata, Lin. Sy/t. i. p. 301. N°g.

S1Z E large: general colour whitifh: the forehead crefted :
the creft, breaft, and rump, red: the tail cinereous; the two
middle feathers twice as long as the reft: the legs red.
The creft and breaft in the female are white.
Inhabits Ezhiopia.

* Aritemifia cerulefcens, integrifolia, &C Tt Mr. Pennant.
Loxia

125

FEMALE.

PLace AND
Mawnners.

22.
YELLOW-BEL-
LIED GR.

DESCRIPTION.
Prace,
23.
CRESTED GR,

DescripTions

Place.

126

24.
RED-BREAST-
ED GR.

DESCRIPTION.

PLACE.

25.
SPOTTED GR.

DESCRIPTION.

GeakiO §) Bek, Av K,

Loxia Ludoviciana, Liz, Sy/f, i. p. 306, N° 38.
Gros-bec de la Louifiane, Bri/ orx. iii. p. 247. pl. 12. f, 2. — Pl. enl. 153.
a 240
Le Rofe Gorge, Buf. os/. iil. p. 460.
Red-breafted Grofbeak, Ar. Zool.
Br. Muf. Lev. Muf.

E N GT Hi fix inches and three quarters. Bill, like that of

a Bulfinch, brown: head, upper parts of the body, and bafe
half of the tail, black: breaft, and under wing coverts, light
purple: belly, thighs, vent, and rump, white, varied on the belly
with a few purple {pots : on the wings are three white marks ; one
acrofs the coverts, a fecond parallel to the edge of the wing, and
a third on the tip of the fcapulars: the lower half of the three
outer tail feathers is white, and the inner web, at the tip of the
fourth, of the fame colour : legs brown.

One of thefe, in the Leverian Mufeum, differs in having the
fides of the breaft, and over the thighs, of a ferruginous brown
colour: vent very pale yellow.

That defcribed by Buffon had a rofe-coloured breaft, and is fo
coloured in the Planckes Enluminées.

Inhabits Loui/iana.

Lev. Muf.

IZE ofa Yellow-hammer. Bill pale, moderately ftout, with

a dufky tip: the plumage on the upper parts dufky: every
feather, except the greater coverts and quills, fpotted at the end
with white: the under parts dirty white, marked with dufky
ftreaks: over the eye a pale ftreak: the outer tail feather has
10 the

GOR OS) Bove, A’ K.

the outer web white almoft to the tip, and a white fpot on the
inner web near the tip; the next feather nearly fo, but lefs con-
fpicuous: both quills and tail fringed on the outer web with
dufky white: legs pale brown.

Suppofed to come from North America.

Dutky Grofbeak, dré. Zool.

EAD, neck, and back, dufky, edged with pale brown:
wing coverts dufky, croffed with two bars of white: quills
green: middle of the throat white: fides of the breaft, and fides
of the belly, white, fpotted with brown.
Found at New York, in the month of Fune*.

Loxia Canadenfis, Liz. Sy/?.i. p. 304. N° 292
_ Le Gros-bec de Cayenne, Bré/. orn. iii. p. 2290 pl. 11. f. 3. — Pl. eal. 152.
Me Bo

Le Flavert, Buf. oi/- iil. p. 462.
Br. Muf.

S I ZE of a Houfe Sparrow: length fix inches and three quar-
ters. Bill afh-colour, and the edges of it fomewhat projecting
in the middle: the upper parts of the plumage olive green; the
under paler, and inclining to yellow: the feathers round the bafe
of the bill, and the chin, black: the legs are grey.
Inhabits Cayenne, and, we may fuppofe, Canada likewife,, occa-
fionally, as Liwneus has given it that name,.

* Mr.. Pennant.

I Have

127

PLACE.

26.
DUSKY GR.

DESCRIPTION.

PLACE.

276
CANADA GR.

DeEscRIPTION.

PLACE?

135 GOR. O) (SB BAK.

27.
Var. A.
Description. Jf fave feen a variety of this, which had the upper parts of a
blue grey inftead of olive green, and the under parts pale
grey inftead of yellowifh.
FeMmAte. The female of a cinereous brown where the male was blue-
grey, and of a much paler colour in general.
PLAce. Thefe came from Cayenne, and are mere varieties.
oh La Queue en Eventail, Buf. oi/. iii. p. 463.—P/. enl. 380 *.
FAN-TAILED Fan-tailed Grofbeak, Ar4. Zool.
GR.

Description. GQIZE of a Sparrow: length about five inches. Bill ftout,
and dufky: the upper parts of the body are reddifh brown,
paleft on the rump: the under the fame, but paler, and more
inclined to red: quills, tail, and legs, dufky.
One of thefe birds, fuppofed the other fex, had a grey breaft
and belly.
PLACE. Thefe inhabit Virginia, where they are called Fan-tails; and
continually carry the tail fpread in an horizontal direction.

* By miftake of the draught{man, the upper bird is engraved with fourteen
tail feathers, whereas no bird of this Genus, or even Order, has more than
twelve.

Loxia

Gok OS) BwE A UK.

Loxia Oryzivora, Liz. Syf. i. p. 302. N° 14. —= Ameen. acad. iv. p. 2436
Ne 16.
Le Gros-bec cendre de la Chine, Bri/. orz. iii. p. 244. pl. 11. f. 2.—~= Pd.
enl, 152. f. 16
Le Padda ou L’Oifeau de Riz, Buf. oif. iii. p. 463.
Padda, or Rice Bird, Edw. pl. 41. 42.
Br. Muf. Lev. Mus.

I ZE of a Sparrow: length five inches. The bill is ftout and

red: eye-lids of the fame colour: the head and throat black:
fides of the head under the eyes white : upper parts of the body,
neck, and breaft, pale afh-colour: belly and thighs pale rofe-
colour: the vent and under tail coverts nearly white: the tail
black: legs flefh-coloured.

The female has the bill and eye-lids very pale red, and wants
the white on the cheeks; but the edge of the wing is white as
well as the under tail coverts.

This fpecies is met with at Fava and the Cape of Good Hope,
where it does much damage to the rice-grounds. Chiefly known
by the name of Fava Sparrow.

It is moft likely a Chinefe bird likewife, as we often meet with
it in paper-hangings from that country. I think this the more
likely, as I have feen it among fome Chine/e paintings ; where it
bore the name of Hung-tzoy.

Loxia Philippina, Liz. Sy?.i. p. 305. N° 36.

Le Gros-bec des Philippines, Bri/. orn. iii. p. 232. pl. 12. f. 1. (the male)
pl. 18. f, 1. 2. (the neft)—PY. en/. 135. f. 2. (the male.)

Le Toucnam-couri, Buf. oif. iii. p. 465.

IZE of a Sparrow: length five inches and a quarter. The
bill is brown; round the bafe of it, fides of the head, under
Vou. Il. S the

129

2Qe
JAVA GR.

DeEscRirPTiONe

Fesavg.

PLACE.

30.
PHILIPPiIN®
; GR.

Description,

130

FEMALE.

PLACE AND
Manners.

30.
Var. Ao

DEscRIPTION.

PLACE.

Gin 0 § BY AK

the eyes, and the chin, of the fame colour: the top of the head is
yellow: the hind part of the neck and back, and fcapulars, the
fame; the middle of the feathers brown: lower part of the back
brown, with whitifh margins: fore part of the neck and breaft
yellow; from thence to the vent yellowifh white: wing coverts
brown, edged with white: the quills brown, with pale rufous or
whitifh edges: tail as the quills: legs yellowith.

The female has the upper parts brown, margined with rufous :
rump of this laft colour: under parts pale rufous: quills and tail
margined with pale rufous: legs yellowith.

Thefe inhabit the Philippine [lands, and are noted for making
a moft curious neft, in form of a long cylinder, fwelling out into
a globofe form in the middle. This is compofed of the fine
fibres of leaves, 8¢c. and faftened by the upper part to the ex-
treme branch of a tree. The entrance is from beneath; and, after
afcending the cylinder as far as the globular cavity, the true neft
ig placed on one fide of it; where this little architect lays her
eggs, and hatches her brood in perfect fecurity.

Le Baglafecht, Buf. of. iii. p. 4696

HIS does not differ confiderably from the laft. The irides
yellow: the black on the fides of the head rifes above the
eyes: the mixture of brown and black on the back is lefs diftinét ;
and the greater wing coverts, quills, and tail, greenifh brown,
edged with yellow: the wings reach to the middle of the tail.
Inhabits 4dyfinia.
This may be confidered as a mere variety, not only on account

of the piumage, but manners, as it makes a very curious neft like
the

GRO S BE A’ RK

the other, but a little different in fhape; and is faid to have
fomewhat of a fpiral fhape, not unlike that of a Nautilus. It fuf-
pends it, like the other, on the extreme twig of fome tree, chiefly
one that hangs over fome ftill-water; and always turns the open-
ing towards that quarter from whence leaft rain may be expected.

Gros-bec d’Abyflinie, Buf. o:/. ili. p. 470.

IZE of the Hawfinch. Bill about the fame fize, and black:

irides red: top and fides of the head, throat, and breaft,
black: the upper parts of the body, belly, and thighs, pale yel-
low, inclining to brown where the two colours divide: the fca-
pulars blackifh: wing coverts brown, bordered with grey: quills
and tail brown, edged with yellow: legs reddifh grey.

This bird alfo makes a curious neft, and is found in Abyfinia.
It is of a pyramidal fhape, and is fufpended from the ends of
branches, like the others. The opening is on one fide, facing the
eaft ; the cavity feparated in the middle by a partition, up
which the bird rifes perpendicularly about half-way, when de-
fcending, the neft is within the cavity on one fide. By this means
the brood is defended from fnakes, {quirrels, monkies, and other
mifchievous animals, befides being fecure from rain, which in
that country fometimes lafts for fix months together.

Inhabits’ Abyfiinia.

Le Nelicourvi de Madagafcar, Sox. Voy. Ind. vol. ii. p. 200. pl. 112.

IZE of the Houfe Sparrow. Bill black: irides yellow: the
head, throat, and fore part of the neck, of the laft colour :
S2 from

131

31.
ABYSSINIAN
GR.

DESCRIPTION.

PLACE.

326
PENSILE GR.

DESCRIPTION.

132

Pace.

GROS BE A K.

from the noftrils fprings a dull green ftripe, which paffes through
the eye and beyond it, where it is broader: the hind part of the
head and neck, the back, rump, and wing coverts, the fame: the
quills black, edged with green: the belly deep grey: the vent
of a rufous red: the tail and legs black.

This fpecies is found at Madagafcar, and fabricates a neft of
a curious conftruétion, compofed of ftraw and reeds interwoven
in fhape of a bag, the opening beneath. It is faftened above to
a twig of fome tree; moftly to thofe growing on the borders of
ftreams. One one fide of this, within, is the true neft. The bird
does not form a new neft every year, but faftens a new one to the
end of the laft *; and often as far as five in number, one hanging
from another. Thefe build in fociety, like Rooks; often five or
fix hundred being feen on one tree. They have three young at
each hatch +.

* Perhaps one of the nefts in Will. orn. pl. 77. may be meant to reprefent:
this circumftance.

+ Kaempfer mentions a bird fimilar to this, if not the fame, which makes the
neft, near Siam, on a tree with narrow leaves and fpreading branches, the fize of
an apple-tree: the neft in the fhape of a purfe, with a long neck, made of dry
grafs and other materials, and fufpended at the ends of the branches $ the open-
ing always to the north-weft. He counted fifty on one tree only and defcribes.
the bird itfelf as being like a Canary-bird, of a dark yellow, and chirps like a.
Sparrow.——Hif of Fapan, P- 35.

Fryer alfo talks of the ingenuity of the Today Bird, making a neft ** like a
“« fteeple, with winding meanders,” and tying it by a flender thread to the bough
ofatree. ‘* Hundreds of thefe pendulous nefts may be feen on thefe trees.’?
They are faid alfo to build on the tree called Brabh. —— Account of India andi

Perfia, 1698, p. 76.

Loxia.

GROS BEA K.

Loxia Bengalenfis, Lin. Sy. i. p. 305. N° 32.

Le Moineau de Bengale, Bri/. ora. iii. p. 95- N® 11.
L’Orchef, Buf. oi. iit. p. 466. d
Gros-bec des Indes, Pi. enf. 393. f..2.

Bengal Sparrow, Albin. ii. pl. 52.

Yellow-headed Indian Sparrow, Edw. pl. 189.

A Trifle bigger than a Houfe Sparrow: length five inches and
a

a half. Bill flefh-colour: irides whitifh: the top of the
head of a golden yellow: the upper parts of the body brown,
with paler edges: fides Of the head and under parts rufous
white: acrofs the breaft a brown band, uniting to, and of the fame
colour with, the upper parts of the body: legs pale yellow:
claws grey.

The female is like the male in all things; but the colours are
much lefs vivid.
Inhabits Bengal.

Loxia Collaria, Lin. Syf.i. p. 305. N° 31.
Le Gros-bec Nonette, Buf. oi/. iii. p. 446.—Pi, enl. 393. f. 3.

I Z E of the Blue Titmoufe, and not unlike it in appearance :

length four inches and a half. The bill black: the forehead
bare: top of the head,°and upper part of the body, greenith
blue: temples black: under parts and rump rufous white:
round the neck a collar of the fame: acrofs the breaft a mot-
tled black band: wings. rufous yellow and black, mixed: tail
black : legs pale brown.

Inhabits the Zaft Indies.

133;

30
BENGAL GR.

DascrRIPTion.

FEMALE>.

Practe.

34
NUN GR.

DascriPTloO Ne.

Pace.

3340

346
Vast As

DescripTION.

PLace.

35-
GREY GR.

Descrirprion.

Prace.

36.
+- GREEN GR.

DeseRipTion.

G-AR £0 JS (OB cE OA UK.

Le Grivelin 4 Cravate,, Buf. oi/v iii. py 473+
Gtos=bec'd’ Angola, Pi. enl. 659. f, 2.

HIS feems to be a mere variety, if not a different fex, of

the fame bird. It differs merely in having the upper parts
of a darker colour: the white collar round the neck, as well as
the mottled band on the breaft, much broader than in the for-
mer bird. There ’is alfo a fpot of white at the bafe of the quills,
near the edge of the wing ; and the under parts more inclined
to rufous.

Inhabits Azgola.

Le Grifalbin, Buf. oi/. iii. p. 467.
Gros-bec de Virginie, P/. exl. 393. f. 1.
Grey Grofbeak, dra. Zool.

IZE of the Blue Titmoufe: length four inches. Bill dark

brown: neck, and fore part of the head, white: the reft of
the body blue grey: legs reddifh: claws brown.

Inhabits Virginia.

Loxia Chloris, Liz. Sy/. i. p. 304. N° 27. — Faun. Suec. 226.—Scop. ann. i.
N° 208.—Muller, N° 248.—Kramer, p. 367. N° 5. —Frifch. t. ll. —
Olin. uc. 26. é

Le Verdier, Brif. orn iii. p. 190. N° 54.—— Buf. oi/. iv. p. 172. pl. 15.—=
Pl. enl. 267. f. 2.

Greenfinch, Raii Syz. p. 85. A. 4.—Will. orn. p. 246. pl. 44. — Albin. i.
pl. 58.—Br. Zool. i. N° 217.—Ar&. Zool.

Br. Muf. Lev. Muf.

HIS is a well-known bird: the general colour yellowifh
green, paleft on the rump and breait, and inclining to white
9 on

Gui RO) SCR iE eK,

on the belly: the quills are edged with yellow, and the four
outer tail feathers are yellow from the middle to the bafe: the
bill is pale brown, and ftout; and the legs flefh-colour.

The female inclines more to brown.

The Greenfinch is pretty common in Great Britain, and makes
the neft in fome low bufh or hedge, compofed of dry grafs, and
lined with hair, wool, &c. laying five or fix greenifh eggs,
marked at the larger end with red brown; and is fo careful of her
charge during incubation, that fhe is now and then taken on the
neft. The male takes his turn in fitting. This fpecies foon
becomes tame; even old birds are familiar almoft as foon as
caught: is apt to grow blind, if expofed to the fun, like the
Chaffinch: flies in troops in winter: lives five or fix years *.

It is alfo pretty common every where on the continent of
_ Europe; not very frequent in Rafia; and not at all in Sidiria +
which gives reafon to fuppofe that it fhifts its quarters according
to the feafon. It is fufficiently common both in Cumberland and
- Scotland ; yet in the firft, it is fcarce ever obferved in the winter
feafon; but the laft week in March becomes plentiful, and
breeds as in other-parts of England t.

In the Leverian Mufeum is one quite white.

Le Verdier de la Chine, Son. Voy. Ind. vol. ii. p. 202.

Not unlike the laft. The bill greenifh yellow: the head
and neck greénifh grey: back, and wing coverts, light
brown; thofe on the edge of the wing black: the fecond quills

* Olina.
+ It has however been met with in Kamthatka,a——Mr, Pennant.

t Dr. Heyfham,
are

135

FEMALE.

PLACE AND
Manners.

37°
CHINESE GR,

DEscRiPTION>

Piace.

38.
YELLOW-

FRONTED GR.

DescriPTION.

PLACE.

GaeRe Ones). (BCE JAVIER.

are black within, and grey on the outer edge: the prime quills
ate yellow half-way from the bafe, black the reft of their length,
tipped with grey: the belly dirty rufous: vent yellow: tail
black, tipped with white: legs greenith yellow.

Inhabits China.

Loxia Butyracea, Lin. Sy/?. i. p. 304. 28.

S IZE of a Sifkin. The forehead is yellow: above the eyes a

yellow line: temples the fame colour: the general colour
of the reft of the plumage is green, {potted with brown above ;
beneath, wholly yellow: the tail is blackifh, a little forked,
tipped with white.

inhabits India, and is, I believe, the female to the following,
which I faw among fome drawings from that place, viz. Size the
fame. Bill black: irides brown: plumage above, green: the
head and back fpotted with black: over each eye a yellow line
arifing at the bafe of the bill, and a fecond fpringing from the
fame, diverging below the eye, but not touching it: all the un-
der parts yellow: quills, tail, and legs, black.

With this was another, fuppofed to be the female, correfpond-
ing with Linngus’s bird. In this the bill was pale: the vent in-
clined to white: quills dufky, with yellow edges, and pale to-
wards the tips, the outer one excepted: leffer wing coverts
black, edged with green; the greater ones black, edged with
pale brown: tail black, tipped with white: legs pale.

Both thefe came from the Cape of Good Hope: the firft fang
prettily ; the laft was filent.

GROS BEAK.

Le Verderin, Buf. of. iv. pe 185.
Verdier de St. Domingue, P/. exl. 341. f. 2.

IZE of the Greenfinch: length five inches and three quar-
ters. Bill reddifh: the eyes placed in a bed of white: the
upper parts of the plumage green brown, the edges of the fea-
thers paleft: the under parts dull rufous, fpotted with brown :
lower belly and vent white: the quills are black: tail and legs
dufky brown.
_‘Inhabits Saint Denies

Le Verdier fans vert, Buf. oi/. iv. p. 186.

EN GTH fix inches and a third. The upper parts in this
bird are greenifh brown and grey, mixed, inclining to ru-
fous on the rump: upper wing coverts rufous: fecond quills
edged with the fame: the greater quills, and fide feathers of the
tail, edged with rufous whice, and the outer feather of the laft
marked with a fpot of white: the under parts of the soy are
white, varied with brown on the breatt.
This was brought from the Cape of Good Hope by M. Sonnerat.
Buffon thinks it to have the greateft ie to the Greenfinch,
though fo different in colour.

Loxia Sulphurata, Liz. Syf. i. p. 305. N° 30.
Le Gros-bec du Cap de Bonne Efperance, Bri/. ora. ili. p. 225. N° z. pl. rt.
fle

IZE of the Brambling: leneth five inches and three quar-
ters. Bill feven lines long, ftout, and of a horn-colour : head,
Vor. II. Ae neck,

137
39° t
ST. DOMINGO
GR.
Descrirrion.

Piace.

40.
AFRICAN GR.

DeEscCRIPTION«

PLACE.

41.
BRIMSTONE
GR.

DESCRIPTION,

138

PLACE.

42.
YELLOW-BEL-
LIED GR.

DeEscRipTION.

FEMALE.
Piace.
42.
+ Var. A.
DescripTion.

Gu NO SO BME, A OR:

neck, breaft, and upper parts of the body, olive green: throat,
belly, and vent, yellow: over the eye a yellow ftreak: quills
brown, edged with olive green: tail the fame, except the two
middle feathers, which are wholly olive green: legs brownifh
grey.

Inhabits the Cape of Good Hope.

Le Gros-bec jaune du Cap de Bonne Efperance, Bri/. ora. iii. p. 227. N° 3.
pl.ir. f, 2.

OMEWHAT lefs than the laft. Bill the fame colour:

head, hind part of the neck, and back, olive green, dafhed
with brown: rump plain olive green: under parts of the body
full yellow: on each fide of the head a band of yellow, which
pafles over the eye: quills and tail brown, with olive green
edges; the laft fomewhat forked: legs grey.

The female is lefs brilliant in colour.

Inhabits the Cape of Good Hope.

ENGTH five inches. Crown of the head, breaft, and up-
_per parts of the body, of a bright olive green, paleft on the
rump: hind part of the neck afh-colour, paffing forwards on
each fide to the chin, where it ends in a point: the belly and
vent yellow: between the legs white: quills black, edged with
yellow: tail dufky green, with the outer edges of the feathers
yellow, and down the fhafts black ; the fhape forked: legs

grey brown.
This feems a variety of the laft.. I received it from the Cape

of Good Hope.

Le

G UR OS Beek ALK:

Le noir-fouci, Buf. of. iv. p. 150.

IZE, of a Sparrow: length feven inches. The bill blackith,
fhort, ftrong, and convex; the under mandible paleft: the
noftrils are round, placed at the bafe, and perforated: the head,
and upper part of the neck, are blue; of the body blackifh: the
throat, fore part of the neck, and breaft, of the colour of a Mari-
gold: the belly, and vent, brimftone-colour: quills, and tail,
blackifh, edged with blue: legs reddifh: the middle and outer
toe united as far as the firft joint: the hind claw largeft ; all of
them fharp, bent, and channelleds
Inhabits Buenos Ayres; found there in September; frequents
cultivated places and gardens; feen only by pairs. The male and
female much attached to each other. Feeds both on erafs and
feeds.

Loxia Flavicans, Liz. Sy/.i. p. 303. N° 19.—Amen. acad. iv. p. 244.

IZE of a Canary-bird. Bill fhort and thick, the bafe going

far back on the forehead : head, neck, breatft, belly, and vent,
yellow: top of the head the fame, but paler: back, wings, and
tail, greenifh yellow; bend of the wing deep yellow: quills
and tail margined with yellowifh: legs pale: hind claw
ftrongeft.

Inhabits A/a,

T 2 Loxia

139

43.
MARIGOLD
GR.

DescRipTion.

Piacg.

AAe
YELLOW GR.

DESCRIPTION»

PLACEo

140

45°
YELLOW.
RUMPED GR.
DescriPrion.

Puiacez.

46.
YELLOW-

HEADED GR,

DgsCRIPTION,

PLAce.

47.
+ MALACCA,
GR.

DESCRIPTION.

GR OS B E A. K:

Loxia hordeaca, Liz. Sy/t. i. p..303. N° 19.—Muf. Ad. Fr. ii. p. 29s

IZE of the White Wagtail. The head, neck, and rump,

fulvous : temples white: from thence to the bill, the breaft,

wings, and tail, black: fhoulders, thighs, vent, and margins of
the tail feathers, grey.
Inhabits India.

Loxia Mexicana, Liz. Sy/?. i. p. 304. 26.

Le Moineau du Mexique, Brif. orn. ilie p. 972
La Linotte 4 téte jaune, Buf. of. iv. p. 83.
Yellow-headed Linnet, Edw. pl. 44.

IEZE of the Mountain Finch: length five inches three
quarters. Bill pale flefh-colour: irides hazel: the upper
parts. of the body dull brown,, fpotted with black ;, beneath, pale
brown, with fpots of dull brown: the fore part of the head,,
cheeks, and throat, are yellow; behind the eyes a brown band,,

which pafies towards the back: quills and tail blackifh: legs dull:

_ brownifh horn-colour..

Inhabits Memico.

Loxia Malacca, Zia. Sy?.1. p. 302. N® 16,
Le Gros-bec de Java, Brif. ore. iii. p. 237. pl. 13. fi te.
Le Jacobin, Buf. oi/. iii. p. 468.—P/. ent. 139. f. 3;
White-breafted Indian Sparrow, Eda. pl. 355.—Ab. ii. pl. 53.—~-Of. Vays.
li. p..329, N° 4.
Br. Muf. Lev. Muf.

ENGTH four inches and a quarter. Bill blueifh afh-co-
lour : irides black: the head, neck,. middle of the belly,
thighs,

GR © S BOE A K. 141

thighs, and under tail coverts, black: breaft, and fides of the
belly, white: back, wings, and tail, chefnut: legs brown.

The female has the thighs chefnut, and the colours are lefs FEMALE,
vivid.
Inhabits Fava.. PLACEe
Loxia Malacca, Liz. Syf. i. p. 302. N° 16. @ : 47
Le Gros-bec de la Chine, Brif- orn. iii. p. 235..N° 7». Var. A.

Chinefe Sparrows, Edw. pl. 43.

NTZE of the laft. Head, throat, and fore part of the neck, Dzscrirrion.
black: the reft of the plumage chefnut: bill and legs cine--
reous..
The female has thetop of the head, and upper parts, cinereous. FEMAnE..
brown : fides of the head, and under parts, , reddifh white.:: quills.
and tail blackifh: legs flefh-colour..
Inhabits Cdina.. PLaces

Loxia Molucca, Lin. Spf. i. p. 302. N° 17..
Le Gros-bec des Moluques, Bri/- orm iii. p. 241; ple 135 fi 3.—Pls exls 139¢ MOLUGCA GR.
ap kez)

Lencrn four inches. Bill dufky: the fore part of the Description.
head, and fides and fore part of the neck, black: hind part.
of the head, and upper parts, brown:: rump, and under parts,,
from the breaft, tranfverfely barred with black. and white: the:
upper tail coverts, and tail,, black.: the quills deep brown: legs.
brown.
Inhabits the Molucca Tes. Pacts

3: Loxia

tv

49:
STRIATED GR.

DescRIPTION.

PLACE.

50.
+ COWRY GR.

DEscRIPTION.

PLACE.

OBSERVATION.

GRO S BOG AK.

Loxia flriata, Liz.. Sy. i. p. 306. N° 37.
Le Gros-bec de I’Ifle de Bourbon, Brif. orn. iti. p. 243. N° 11. pl. 13. f, 4.—=
PI Wenlicaintente

OT much bigger than a Wren: length three inches two-
thirds. Bill dufky: head, and upper part of the body,
browa, with adafh of paler rufous brown down each fhaft: throat,
and fore part of the neck, blackifh: from the breaft to the vent
white: quills and tail blackifh brown: legs blackifh.
Found in the [le of Bourbon.

Loxia puntularia, Liz. Syf. i. p. 302. N° 18.
Le Gros-bec tacheté de Java, Brif. orn. iii. p. 238. N° g. pl. 13. f. 2.—P/.
enl. 139. f. 1.
Chinefe Sparrow, Adin. ii. pl, 53.
Gowry Bird, Edw. pl. 40.
Br. Muf. Lev. Muf,

EN GTH four inches and a quarter. Bill dufky: fore

part of the head, and fides, throat, and fore part of the
neck, chefnut: hind part of the head, and reft of the upper
parts, rufous brown; the rump feathers edged with grey : breaft
and fides dufky, marked with cordated white fpots : middle of
the belly, and vent, white: legs dufky.

Inhabits the ifland of Fava.

The five laft defcribed, are by Buffen fuppofed to belong to each
other, either as varieties or fexual differences; but how, he does
not determine; he thinks it however probable, that the males
are thofe whofe bellies are fpotted, and the females the plain-
beilied ones.

Loxia

GR HOS BY EA 7.1K. 143

Loxia pyrrhula, Liz. Sy. i. p. 300, N° 4.—Faun. Suec. 225,—Scop. an. i. 51.
N° 202.—Brua. 240, 241.—Muller, p. 30. N° 247.—Kram. el. 365. + BULFINCH
N° 3.—Frifch. i. pl. 2.-—Olin. uc. pl. in p. 40.—Georgi Reife, p. 174.

Le Bouvreuil, Bri/. orz. li. p. 308. N° 1.—Buf, oif. iv. p. 372. pl. 17.—
Pl. enl. 145.

Bulfinch, Alp, or Nope, Razi Syz. p. 86. A.—Will. orn. 247. pl. 44.—
Albin. i. pl. 59, 60.—Br. Zool. i. N° 116.—<Ar&. Zool.
Br. Muf. Lev. Mu.

HIS bird is fo generally known, that it needs only to fay,

that the head, wings, and tail, are black: breaft and belly

red: the upper tail coverts and vent white: and the breaft afh-
colour.

The female differs in having the under parts of a reddifh
brown.
- This fpecies is pretty common in Exgland; and makes the neft_ — PLace anp
in the bubhes, five or fix feet from the ground; it is compofed = MaNERs-
chiefly of mofs; and the eggs, which are five or fix in number,
are dirty blueifh white, marked at the large end with dark
{pots. The time of breeding about the end of May or beginning
of Fune.
In the fummer it moftly frequents woods, and the more re-
tired places ; in winter approaches gardens cl orchards, making
havoc among the buds of trees.
Both male and female may be taught to whiftle many tunes ;
but in their wild ftate have only a plain note, two or three times
repeated, and at times the words ¢uz, tui, both far from difagree-
able ; in neither cafe what may be called a fong. It will fre~
quently learn to articulate feveral words ; but I find this to be
taught in Germany, from whence fuch birds are annually im-
ported into Lowdon. From the account of authors, it feems to

9 be

DESCRIPTIONo

FemMALee

144

gi.
Var. A.

DescrIPTion.

Ie
Vier. B.

DiscripTIONn.

52.
WHITE-

WINGED GR.

DEscRIPTION.

PLACE.

GYR OWS a Bek pAwk.

be common in moft parts of the continent of Europe, and
throughout Rufia and Sibiria, at which laft places it is caught
for the table *,

Le Bouvreuil noir, Bri/. orz. ii. p. 313.—Buf. oi/. iv. p. 384.
Black Bulfinch, A/diz. iii. pl. 69.
Lev. Muf.

HIS variety is wholly black, often met with fo naturally,
at other times changing in confinement in a cage T.

Le Bouvreuil blanc, Brif. orn. ili. p. 313.—Buf. otf. iv. p. 383.
Lev. Muf.

aT HIS variety is white, except a few fpots of black on the

back. One in the Leverian Mufeum is wholly white. Befides
which are two other varieties: the firft is a male, and has the
top and fides of the head of a beautiful white, with a tinge of
bloffom-colour; the under parts pure white: quills and tail
black. The other a female, with the crown, wing coverts,
rump, and vent, white: in other things as in common.

Loxia panicivora, Lin. Sy/?. 1. p. 302. N° 15.
Le Bouvreuil noir d’Afrique, Bri/- orm. iii. p. 317. N° 4.— Buf ioi/. iv. p. 385-

I ZE of the Hawfinch: length feven inches and a quarter.
Bill half an inch, grey: the eyes black, as is the whole
plumage, except a {pot of white on the wing coverts : the legs

are afh-coloured.

Inhabits Africa.
* Mr. Pennant.

+ Efpecially if fed with hemp-/eed.

Lozxia

GROSB5E A XK,

Loxia Angolenfis, Liz. Syf. i. p. 303. N° 24.
Black Grofbeak, Edtw. pl. 352. f. 2.

IZE of our Bulfinch: length five inches. Bill dufky: eyes

dark : the general colour of the plumage black, except from
the breaft to the vent, where it is of a dull red, and a {pot of
white on the middle of the wing near the edge; the ridge of
the wing is alfo white: legs of a purplifh flefh-colour.

Inhabits Angola.

EN GTH fix inches. Bill ftout, and horn-coloured, one
inch long: head and chin dufky brown: back and wing
coverts black, the feathers deeply margined with yellow: breaft
deep ferruginous ; from thence to the vent rufty yellow, very
pale at the vent: quills and tail dufky; edged with yellow ; the
laft even at the end: legs pale.
In the mufeum of M. Tunjftal, Efq..

Le Gros-bec de la Chine, Sou..Voy. Ind. vol. ii. p. 1993

SIZE of the Hawfinch. Bill and irides yellow: the head

black: hind part of the neck dirty brown, the fore part
grey: wing coverts blueifh black ; about the middle a {pot of
white: the fecond quills black, bordered with white on the
inner web: the prime quills black for two-thirds, and white
from thence to the end: the rump grey: the tail black: the
belly. pale rufous: vent white: legs yellow.

Vo. II. U ! The

145

ANGOLA GR.

DEscRIPTION.

Prace.

54.
BROWN-
HEADED GR.
DescRIPTIONe

GREY-NECKED
GR.

DeEscRIPTION.

146

FemMace.

-Puace.

56.
ORANGE GR.

DescriPT1ONe

FEMALE.
Piace.
57°
WHITE-BILLED
GR.

DEscRIPTIONe

PLACE.

GiR. Ol St BiB) ADK:

The female has the head grey, and the quills black, bordered
only with white: in other things like the male,
Inhabits China.

Le: Bouveret, Buf. oi/. iv. p. 387-—Pl. ent. 204 f.1, 2.

ENGTH four inches and a half. Bill dufky: the top of

the head black: the wings and tail dufky black, edged with

orange, and fome of the inner quills. with white; the reft of the
bird a fine orange: legs pale red.

The female has the whole head, and fore part of the neck,.
black: the under part of the body white; the reft of the body
orange, but lefs bright: and the quills edged with grey.

Inhabits the De of Bourbon; the laft has been: brought Lom
the Cape of Gaod Hope.

’

Le Bouvreuil bec blanc, Buf. oi. iv. p. 388:
Loxia torrida, Scop. ann. i. N° 204.

ENERAL colour black: breaft and belly chefnut : the
two middle tail feathers the longetft.
This was fent from South America by Cl. Facquin, and was de-
feribed from the living bird by Scopol/i. That mentioned by
Buffon had a white bill, and came from Guiana.

Loxia

GROSS B Gf ARK.

Loxia fufca, Lin. Sy/t.i. p. 307. N° 46.—Amen. acad. iv. p. 245.—-O/2, Voy. it.

P- 329.
Le petit Bouvreuil noir d’Afrique, Bri/. oru. iii. p. 319. pl. 17. f. 1°.

I ZE of a Canary-bird. Bill fhort and thick, and of a lead-
colour: the head and upper parts of the body brown: the
under of a pale afh-colour: vent pure white: the quills dufky
black: the bafe of eight of the middle quills white: tail the
colour of the quills, with palifh ends: legs pale.
Inhabits Africa : alfo met with at Bengal.

Loxia atra, Brun. orn. N° 244—Mauller, p. 30. N° 249.

"THE colour of this bird is wholly black, except a fpot of
' white on the wing.
Inhabits the northern parts of Europe.

Loxia nigra, Liz. Sy/?. i. p. 306. N° 40.

Le Bouvreuil noir du Mexique, Brif. orz. ili. p. 316. N°3.—Buf. oi/. iv.
De 394)

Little Black Bulfinch, Carefo. Car. i. p. 68.—Albin. iii. pl. 69.—Bancr.
Guian, p. 179.

GIZE of a Canary-bird: length five inches and a quarter.
Bill black, ftout, and deeply notched in the middle of the

* The bird defcribed by Briffin was of a greenifh black above, and had three
white fpots on the head ; one from the forehead to the crown, and one on each
fide beneath the eye; and only fix of the middle quills white. A bird
likewife in P/. enlum. 319. f. 1. anfwers pretty well to the above defcription,
but the feathers on the belly feem long and frizzled. ‘This came from Bra//.

Ure " uppe

147

58.
BROWN GR.

DescrirTioNn.

Pace.

59°
NORTHERN
GR.

DescriPTioNn.

PLACE.

60.
BLACK GR.

DESCRIPTION.

£48

PLACE.
Ba i
THICK-BILLED
GR.

Descriprion,

62.
BLACK-
BREASTED GR.

DESCRIPTION.

GROSBEA EK.

upper mandible: plumage black, except a ligtle white on the
fore part of the wing, and bafe of the two firft quills: legs
black.

Inhabits Mexico.

IZE of a Bulfinch : length five inches three quarters. The
bill is of a large fize, and deeper than it is long, being
three quarters of an inch from the bafe on the forehead to that
of the under jaw: the bafe of the upper mandible pafies
backward fome way on the forehead ; about one-third from the
tip is a deep notch; the colour of the bill a pale yellow: the
plumage 1s wholly black, except the bottoms of the quills, which
are white, forming a fpot on the wing: tail two inches long;
bafe of the middle feathers white: legs whitith.
In Mr. Tunfral’s collection. Native place uncertain.

Br. Mu.

S IZE of the leaft Titmoufe: length fcarcely four inches. Bill

black: the plumage on the upper parts in general black :
beneath white, except a band of black acrofs the breaft; above
which the white paffes in a narrow crefcent almoft round the
neck: on the wings are two bands of white: tail rounded, and
black ; the feathers rather fharp at the ends: legs brown.

This is in the Britifo Mufeum, and | believe came from fome
part of America. .

Loxia

GROSBEAKXK,

Loxia lineola, Lin, Sy. i. pe 304. 25,

SIZE of a Titmoufe. Bill black, gibbous; at the bafe of
the upper mandible a fpot of white, and a white line from
the forehead to the crown:-the plumage on the upper parts is
gloffy blue-black ; beneath white: the quills black ; bafe of the
prime ones white, forming a fpot of white on the wing: tail
black, bifurcated.
Inhabits df.

Le Bouvreuil d’? Hamburg, Bri/. orn. iii. p. 314. N° 2,
Le Hambouvreux, Buf. oif. iv. p. 398-
Hamburg Tree Creeper, /bin. iii. pl. 24.

IZE of a Bulfinch: length five inches three quarters. Bill

black: irides yellow: upper part of the head and neck red-
difh brown, with a purplifh tinge: throat brown: fore part of
the neck white, acrofs the middle of it a brown band : breatt,
back, rump, fcapulars, and upper tail coverts, yellowifh brown,
marked with black: belly, fides, thighs, and vent, white: on
the wing coverts two white bands: quills yellowifh brown: tail
dull brown, and rounded in fhape.

This is faid to be found about Hamburg, running up and
down the trees like a Creeper or Titmoufe, and to feed on infes.

Loxia melanocephala, Liz. Syfteis p. 305. Ne 348
Le Gros-becde Gambie, Brif/. or. iii. p. 230. N° 5.
Grofbeak from Gambia, J/din. iii. pl. 62.

J ENGTH fix inches and a quarter. Bill cinereous : irides
black : head, threat, and fore part of the neck, black : reft
: 7 of

149

63.
LINEATED GR.

Description.

Peace.

64.
HAMBURG
GR.

DESCRIPTION.

PLace.

65.
GAMBIA GR

DESCRIFPION.

150

PLace.

66.
BLACK-

HEADED GR.

Pi. XLII.

DEscRIPTION-

FEMALE.

Prace.

67.
BLACK-

CRESTED GR.

DEscRIPTION.

Pracg.

blue:

GROSs BE A XK,
of the body yellow, mixed with green

lour.
' From Gambia in Africa.

: legs blueifh afh-co-

a

Lev. Muf.

ENGTH nine inches. Bill very ftout, one inch long, and
black ; at the middle of the edge of the upper mandible a
fharp procefs, and a notch on the under one partly correfponding
with it; the bafe white: the head and throat black: general
colour of the plumage deep crimfon, inclining to pink on the
under parts: quills and tail of a dufky red; the fhape of the
laft rounded, and the feathers a little pointed at the ends: legs
brown.

The female has the head and throat ace? the upper part of
the body a greenifh orange, with a mixture here and there of
red: fides of the neck of a deep orange red: from the breaft to
the vent orange yellow : quills olive green, ora the outer edges
of fome of them rufous.

Inhabits Cayenne.

Le Bouvreuil huppé d’Amerique, Brif. ora. iii. p. 327. N? 10.
Le Huppe noire, Buf. of: iv. p- 397-
Avis Americana, Rubicilla, &c. Seba, vol. i. pl. 102. f. 3.

Bill

the

IGGER than our Bulfinch : length near fix inches.

white, half an inch long: on the head is a black creft :
upper parts of the body, wings, and tail, are fcarlet: the under
on the m middle of the fore part of the neck a black fpot.
Inhabits America.

4 Mowial

Pi. Xi.

Ha)

Ne

aa i
;

GROs BE A K, 151
Loxia Maia, Liz. Spf. i. p. 301. N° 11.—O/. voy. ii. p. 328. 68
Le Maia dela Chine, Brif. orn, jii. p. 212. N° 65. pl. 9. f..2.—P. ent. WHITE-
pl. 109. f. 1. nih HEADED GR.
Le Maian, Bzf. oif. iv. p. 107. pl. 3. (loweft figure.)
Malacca Grofbeak, Edw, pl. 306. f. 1.
Lev. Muf.
ENGTH four inches. Bill grey brown, paleft beneath :
head and neck dirty white : upperparts of the body, wings,
and tail, chefnut brown: breaft pale brown: belly and vent
blackifh : the fecond and fourth quills white: legs grey.

Inhabits Malacca and China. Buffon’s fpecimen had the breatt

DescrRiPTION.

PLace.
as well as the belly black, and the bill lead-colour.
Loxia fanguiroftris, Liz. Sy/t. i. p. 303. N° 20.—Amen, atad. iv. P: 243. 69.
—Of. woy. li. p. 329. RED-BiLLED
Brafilian Sparrow, Edw. 271. f. 2.
Lev. Muy. .
IZE of a Sifkin. Bill thick, bare far back at the bafe, and’ Description.
of a deep blood red :. forehead. above the eye, and round to
the chin, black: reft of the head, neck, back, and wings, grey
brown: ‘breaft, belly, and bend of the MINgS. yellowifh white : y
quills and tail brown: legs pale red.
Inhabits Africa and Afa. , PLacz.
The middle of the feathers were blackith in Edwards’s bird,
and the oie! -lids red.
70.
Loxia virens, Liz. Syfici. ps 3036 N° 23., BEES ae
HE general colour of this bird is green; but the wing co- Drtanieien
verts on the fhoulders are blue: the quills. and tail black, 7
with greenifh margins.
Inhabits Surinam. Puace.

Loxia

152

71.
+ WAX-BILL
G

e

DzscriPrion.

Pace.

GioR) OFS 1B Ee. AC RK.

Loxia aftrild, Lin. Sy/. i. p. 303. N° 21.
Le Senegali rayé, Bri/. orn. iii. p. 210. N° 64. pl. 10. f. 5—Buf. oif. iv.
p- 101. pl. 2. f. 2——Pl. enl. 157+ Ff. 2

Waxbill, Edw. pl. 179+ 354+
Br. Muf. Lev. Muf.

HIS is fearce bigger than a Wren: length. four inches and

athird. The bill is fomewhat gibbous at the bafe, and of a
deep red colour: a ftreak of red paffes through the eye; and the
middle of the breaft and belly of the fame colour: the upper
parts of the body are brown, the under reddifh grey, croffed
every where with tranfverfe blackifh lines: the quills and tail
brown: the laft cuneiform, brown, croffed with lines of darker
brown: legs brown.

In fome birds the tail is plain brown, and the vent and under
tail coverts black *, which is the cafe in a fpecimen in my
pofleffion. I have alfo feen others, which varied much from
either, efpecially in regard to the having more or lefs:of the black
lines. ‘

Thefe inhabit the Canary Dflands, Madeira +, Senegal, Angola,
the Cape of Good Hope, and India }.

* This puts me in mind of the Bearded Titmoufe; the male of which has a
black vent, the female not. May not this mark diftinguih the fexes?

+ Forft. Voy. p. 26.

} Towhich Linzeus.adds America, Suriname.

Le

G FOS BE. A. K

Le Serevan, Buf. oi/. iv. p. 103.

Moineau du Senegal, PJ. ex! 230. f. 3.

Red-rumped Wax-bill Finch, Browz’s Ill, p. 70. pl. 29.
Lev. Muf.

ENGTH four inches. Bill like red fealing-wax: head, and
back part of the neck, cinereous: back and wing coverts
brown: greater quills dufky: belly and breaft dirty white:
upper tail coverts crimfon, and a bar of the fame acrofs the vent:
the tail is dufky: legs dark grey.

Inhabits Benguela and Senegal, in Africa.

The under parts in fome fpecimens incline to yellow, and have
the fides of the rump and wing coverts fpotted with white: the
bafe of the bill bordered with black. Such an one was brought
from the [fe of France, by M. Sonnerat.—Others have the under
parts of a pale yellow: neither the bill nor rump red: the legs yel-
lowifh, and totally without white fpots: perhaps of a different fex.
There is alfo in fome birds a tinge of red on the breaft, and fore
part of the neck; and the tail fomewhat longer in proportion:
thefe fuppofed to come from the Cape of Good Hope.

Le Petit Moineau du Senegal, Buf. oi/. iv. p. 104.—PI. exl. 230. f. 2.

IZE of the laft. Bill red: through the eyes a ftreak of the
fame: throat, and fides of the neck, blueifh white: the reft
of the under parts of the body, and rump, rofe-coloured white,
more or lefs deep: the top of the head, neck, and back, blue,
lighteft on the head: wings brown: tail blackifh: legs red.
Inhabits Sexegal,

Vor. II. xX White-

153

Wane As
RED-RUMPED
GR.

Description.

PLace.

VARIETIES.

Tie

Var. B.

WHITE-
RUMPED GR.

DescrRiPTIOw.

PLACE.

154

72.
WHITE-
TAILED GR.
DESCRIPTION.

PLAcE:
73°
CINEREOUS
GR.

DeEscRIPTION.

PLace.

74+
MALABAR GR.

DeEseRIPTION.

Puace.

GROsS BEA K.

White-tailed Wax-bill Finch, Browz'’s Ill. p. 77. pl. 29.

LENGTH three inches. Bill like red fealing-wax: head and

wing coverts cinereous: back of a rich yellow: breaft and

belly pale yellow: tail white; the two outer feathers black:
legs flefh-colour.
Inhabits Brafl.

Loxia cana, Liz. Sy. i. ps 305. 35¢

Le Pingon cendré des Indes, Brif. orz. Jupp. p. 83.
La Linotte Gris-de-Fer, Buf. oi/ iv. p. 82.

Grey Finch, Edw. pl. 179. f. Ie

IZE of a Linnet. Bill dull afh-colour; bafe of the under

mandible furrounded with white: eyes blackifh: round the
eyes pale: plumage on the upper parts deep afh-colour, growing
paler towards the rump: beneath pale blueifh afh-colour: greater
quills white at the bafe, and blackifh at the ends: tail blackifh,
margined with pale afh-colour: legs dull flefh-colour.

Inhabits A/a.

Loxia Malabarica, Lin. Sy/?. i. p. 305+ 33¢

1ZE and fhape of a Titmoufe. Bill black: throat white <
~ body cinereous: quills and tail black: vent whitifh.
Inhabits the Eajft Indies, Malabar.

Black-

GAR Oe St-B is AY K:

Black-bellied Grofbeak, Brown’s Ii]. p. 58. pl. 24.

BILL black: head, fides, and coverts of the tail, of a rich yel-
low, mixed in fome places with light brown: chin, breatt,
and belly, black: wings and tail of a brownifh colour.
Inhabits Africa. Is faid to change to a light brown in
winter.

SIZE of a Bulfinch. Bill ftout, yellow: head black: plumage
on the upper parts of a reddifh afh-colour: beneath, cine-
reous: belly pale red: the greater wing coverts, quills, and tips
of the tail, black ; the laft forked in fhape: legs red.
Inhabits China, where it is called Lap-tzoy. I faw the above
well painted among fome fine drawings from China.

Brown-cheeked Groftbeak, Brown’s iil. p. 56. pl. 24.

SIZE of the Titmoufe. Bill ftout, thick, dufky: cheeks
brown, furrounded by a border of yellow, reaching beyond the
ears, and beginning at the throat: the reft of the head, back,
wings, and tail, pale dirty green: breaft and belly cinereous:
legs whitifh.
Inhabits Mexico. Defcribed from the living bird, in the col-

leGion of M. Tunftal, Efq. It has a foft and fine note, and is
called by fome Tomtelio.

X 2 SIZE

E55

75°
BLACK.
BELLIED GR.
DESCRIPTION.

PLACE.
76.
ASIATIC GR,

DescriPTION.

PLAcE.

77:
BROWN-
CHEEKED GR.
DeEscRIPTION.

PLACE.

156

78.
RADIATED GR.
DeEscriPTION.

79:
PEARLED GR.

Description.

PLACE.

80.
FASCIATED
GR.

DeEscRiIPTION.

PLACE.

GaRi O}; SH BoE AmK:

IZE of a Linnet: length four inches. Bill ftout, thick,
white: head, neck, breaft, leffer wing coverts, and tail,
black : fecondaries, fides of the body, and bafe half of the prime
quills, ftriated black and white; the end half of the laft black:
belly and vent white: tail three quarters of an inch in length:
legs dufky. . :
In the living collection of her Grace the Duéche/s Dowager of
Portland.

Gros-bec gris perlé, Salern. orn. p. 278. 16.

IZE of a Wren. Head, and upper parts of the body, black :
beneath brown: with an agreeable mixture of black and
white towards the thighs and tail.
Inhabits Whidab in Africa, lives on grain, and has an agreeable
note.
This feems not far different from the laft.

Fafciated Grofbeak, Brown’s Ill. p. 64. ple 276
Lev. Mu/.

L= NGTH four inches and a half. Bill blueifh grey:
crown, hind part of the neck, the back, and leffer wing co-

verts, pale brown, marked with femicircular lines of black : cheeks

plain brown, bounded beneath with a rich crimfon band, under

which is a black line: breaft and belly pale brown, flightly

marked with femicircular lines: quills and tail brown: legs flefh-

colour.

Inhabits Africa 2

Brown

GE Re OE SO BFE Av K.

Brown Grofbeak, Browzn’s Ill. p. 66. pl. 27.
Lev. Muf.

ENGTH four inches. Bill dufky: plumage on the upper
parts. brown, obfcurely marked with narrow dufky lines:
belly white : tail deep brown, cuneiform: legs blueifh.

Several of thefe birds are in the Leverian Mufeum: fome
anfwer to the above defcription ; others are of a pale yellow be-
neath, and mottled on the chin and fides of the body with dufky
and white.

Inhabits Africa: frequently brought from thence in numbers
by our traders to that part, and are ete to fing well; but are not
long-lived in this climate.

Loxia bicolor, Liz. Sy/?. i. p. 307. N° 48.

Le petit Pingon rouge, Bri/. orz. iii, p. 164. N° 40.
Le Brunor, Buf. oif. iv. p. 137-

Little brown Bulfinch, Edw. pl. 83. f. 1.

S CARCE bigger than a Wren:

quarter.

length three inches and a

Bill fhort, thick, and whitifh: upper parts of the

body brown: under parts of a dull reddifh orange : legs brown.
Inhabits India.

IZE of the laft. Bill fhort, thick, black: upper parts pale
brown: beneath white, inclined to ferruginous on the chin:
tail rounded: legs blueith.

This I obferved in fome Chinefe drawings, and feems the other
fex of the laft, if not a variety.

Loxia

157

81.
WARBLING
GR.

DeEscRIPTION.

PLaceE.

82.
ORANGE-
BELLIED GR.

DeEscRIPTION>

Pace.
82.

Var. A.
DescRIPTION.

Pace,

158

83.
MINUTE GR.

DeEscRIPTION.

Place.

$4.
DWARF GR.

DEscRIPTIONo

PLaceke

GROSS BE A K.

Loxia minuta, La. Sy. 1. p. 307. 47.
Le Bec-rond a ventre roux, Buf. oi/. iv. p. 390.
Bouvreuil 4 ventre roux de Cayenne, Pi, enl. 319. f. 2.
Grey Loxia, Bancr. Guian. p. 179.

Br. Muf.

IZE of a Wren. Bill ftout, thick, fhort, brown: upper

parts of the plumage grey brown: the under parts and rump
ferruginous chefnut: the fourth, fifth, and fixth quills white at
the bafe*: legs brown.

Inhabits Surinam and Cayenne.

This bird is faid to keep paired to its mate the whole year;
and is a lively, and not very tame bird: frequents habitations,
efpecially lands which have lain for fome time uncultivated :
lives both on fruits and feeds: cries like a Sparrow, but fharper :
makes a roundifh neft, the hollow of which is two inches in
diameter, compofed of a reddifh herb, and placed on the trees
which it frequents. ‘The female lays three or four eggs.

Loxia minima, Liz. Sp/. i. p. 307. 45.

IZE ofa Wren. Bill very fhort and thick: the upper parts

of the plumage are brown: rump and under parts teftaceous :
prime quills white at the bafe ; fecondaries white on the infide,
towards the bafe: tail even; the feathers fomewhat fharp at the
tip, where they are of a pale colour.

Inhabits Surinam.

* Mem. In the Pl. exl. the white {pot, which would appear from the bafe of the
quills, is not exprefied.
10 I have

GRO SB E A K.

I have feen a bird of this kind which came from Cayenne:
it had the bill and‘legs brown, and the under parts rufous; but
I did not obferve the leaft white in the wings. The length was
almoft four inches.

PeeWee R BE ne Es)
Le Guifso Balito, Buf. oif. iii. p. 471.

HE bill is toothed on the edges: the head, throat, and fore

part of the neck, of a beautiful red, which is prolonged in a
narrow band quite to the vent: the upper part of the neck,
back, and tail, black: the wing coverts brown, edged with
white: quills brown, with greenifh edges: legs dull red: the
wings reach half way on the tail: the toes three only, two before
and one behind. — )

This inhabits Adyfinia: frequents woods, and is a folitary
fpecies : feeds on kernels of feeds, which it breaks with eafe with
its bill. The name in its native place is Guifso batito dimino-won
jerck. From Mr. Bruce's drawings.

GENUS

159

85.
THREE-TOED
GR.

DESCRIPTION,

PLhace ann:
‘Manners,

N° x.

mAwW bv

Ww on nA

[ 160 J

Genus XXXV.

Snow Bunting.

Var. A. Spotted B.

Var. B. Black-breafted
B.

Var. C. Pied B.

. Tawny B.

. Mountain B.
- Black B.

- Ortolan B,

Var. A.
Var. B.
Var. C.
Var. D.

. Chinefe B.
- Yellow B.

- Common B.
. Reed B.

Var. A.

- Muftachoe B.
. Lefbian B.

. Lorrain B.

. Louifiane B.

- Pfittaceous B.
- Whidah B.

- Dominican B.
- Long-tailed B.

BUNTING.

N° 18.
19:
20.

21.

22.
23-

24.
25.

26.

218
28.

29.
30.
Bl.
32.

Ss

* 34:
35°
36.
Sie
38.

Variegated B.
Shaft-tailed B.
Orange-fhouldered B..
Panayan B.
Angola B.
Cape B.
Var. A.
Var. B.
Var. C.
Barred-tail B.
Rice B.
Var. A.
Cirl B.
Foolith B.
Black-faced B.
Var. A.
Weaver B.
Crimfon B.
Familiar B.
Yellow-faced B.
Amazon’s B.
Olive B.
Pafferine B.
Rufty B.
Black-throated B.
Brafilian B.

N° 39:

NP 39.
40.
41.
42.
ae
44-
A519
46.
4] -
48.
49:
50.
§i.

IRDS of this genus have the bill ftro

Mexican B.
Military B.
Black-headed B.
Brumal B.
Towhe B.

White-crowned B.

Wreathed B.

Yellow-breafted B.

Sandwich B.
Aoonalafhka B.
Black-crowned B.
Pine B.
Cinereous B.

. Blue B.

. Indigo B.

. Painted B.

. Red-rumped B.
. Blue-faced By

. Green B.

. Plata B.

. Bourbon B.

. Red-eyed B.

Green-headed B.

. Grey B.
- Surinam B.

ng, conic, the fides

of each mandible bending inwards; in the roof of the
upper mandible a hard knob, of ufe to break and comminute
hard feeds *.

Emberiza nivalis, Lia. Sy. i. p. 308. 1.—Faun. Suec. N° 227. pl. 1.—
_ Scop. ann. 1. N° 214.—Brun. N° 245.—Muller, 250.—Kram. el.
pe 174.—Frifch. pl. 6.—Phipps’s Voy.

P- 372+ 7-—Georgi Reife,

Te
+ SNOW
BUNTING.

p. 188.—Faun. Groenl. N° 81.—Phil. Tranf. vol. |xii. p. 403. 11.
L’Ortolan de Neige, Brif. ora. iii. p. 285.—Buf, oif. iv. p. 329.—P/. exl.

497. f. 1.

Pied Mountain Finch, 4/b7z, iii. pl. 71.
Snow Bunting, Br, Zool. i. p. 122. pl. 50.—Flor. Scot. i. p. 26.— Ard. Zool.

Br. Muf. Lev. Mu.
IZE of the Chaffinch. Bill black: forehead and crown white,

DESCRIPTION.

mixed with black on the hind part of the head: back black :

owe

© Gen, of Birds:

XG

rump

162

PLacee

Bowe N se ete Nx 1G.

rump white: baftard wing, and ends of the greater coverts,
white: quills black; bafe of them white: fecondaries white, with
a black fpot on their inner webs: middle feathers of the tail
black ; the three outer ones white, with a dufky fpot near
the ends: from chin to tail pure white: legs black.

This is found in the northern parts of Great Britain, and is
called in Scotland Snowflake, appearing in great flocks in the
fnowy feafon, and fuppofed to be the certain forerunner of hard
weather. A few breed in the fame places with the Ptarmigans,
but the major part come from the ftill colder regions: they are
found in all the northern latitudes, without exception, as far as
our navigators have been able to penetrate; being not only
found on the land of Spitzbergen, but alfo upon the ice adjacent
to it, in large flocks; what can be found there for food is diffi-
cult to determine, as they are granivorous birds, and the only
fpecies of the genus found in that climate*. In America they
advance no farther to the fouth than Nova Scotia, never being
found at New York. I believe the more northward they are
found, the whiter the plumage becomes, fomewhat in the manner
of the Ptarmigan, whofe fummer and winter drefs-is quite
different. ‘I have one from Hud/on’s Bay, and have feen others, in
which the whole head, neck, rump, and under parts, were white:
back black, fringed with white: wings and tail black and white
mixed, like that figured in the PJ. enluminees: while thofe found
in Scotland have fome blackifh markings about the head and
neck, like that figured in the Britifh Zoology. In the Faun.
Groenl. the female is faid to be dufky where the male is black,
except the breaft and belly, which are white: the temples tefta-

* Phipps’s Voy.
Ceaus ;

Be Na ae) Ny. G>

ceous: in other parts of a dirty white where the male is of a pure

white.

L’Ortolan de Neige tacheté, Bri/. orn. iii. p. 288. A.
Weifs Fleckige Ammer, Fri/ch. pl. 6.

HIS differs from the firft, in having the whole of the white
parts tinged with yellow: the throat and fore part of the

neck marked with very fmall brown fpots.

L’Ortolan de Neige 4 poitrine noire, Bri/. orz. iii. p. 289. B.
Fringilla fublutea et fubnigra, d/drov. av. ii. pl. in p. 818.

N this bird almoft the whole of the head, the upper part of the

neck, back, rump, upper tail coverts, {capulars, and wing co-

verts, are yellowifh white: round the bill, and all the under
parts, blackifh: wings and tail black and white mixed. —

L’Ortolan de Neige a Collier, Bri/. or. iii. p. 290. D.—Buf. off. iv.
P: 335- :
Pied Chaffinch, Albin. ii. pl. 54.
HE bill is reddifh, with a blueifh longitudinal ftreak: the
eye-lids are black, the irides white: the head, throat, and
neck, white; but at.the lower part of the neck are three circles,
the upper one of a lead-coloured blue, the next white, and the
loweft blue: reft of the body reddifh brown, mixed with greenifh
yellow: on the breaft is a denticulated blueifh mark, tending
towards the belly: wing coverts and quills white, with a mixture

ef greenifh yellow in fome places, and black in others: the
Xe eight

163

fo
Var. A.
SPOTTED B.

Dascrirrion.

To
Var. B.
~ BLACK-
BREASTED B.

DescrirPrione

Yo
Var. C,
PIED B.

DzscrirTione

1164

PLAcee

2,
+TAWNY B.

DescriIPTION.

Beomwe. ON a ann: Nv Ge

eight middle tail feathers, and outermoft one, are white; the
outermoft but one black :. legs and claws reddith flefh-colour.
This variety was found in the county of Efex.

Emberiza nivalis, Fauz. Suec.227. B.
Great Pied Mountain Finch, Brambling, or Sea Lark, Raii Syn. p. 88. A—
Will. orn. p. 255. pl. 77-
Pied Mountain Finch, A/bin. iii. pl. 71?
Tawny Bunting, Br. Zool. i. N° 121.
Lev. Muf.

ENGTH fix inches and three quarters. Bill thort, yel-
low, point black: crown of the head tawny; forehead
darkeft: neck the fame, but paler: throat almoft white, chang-
ing to a dull yellow near the breaft, which, with the under parts,
is white dafhed with yellowifh marks*: the back and fcapular
feathers are black, edged with pale reddifh brown: rump, and
upper tail coverts, half white half yellow: the firft fix quill fea-
thers dufky, the lower parts of them white; on the feven follow-
ing ones the white gradually gains on the dufky parts, fo that
the laft of them is wholly white, except a dufky fpot; the two
next quills wholly white; the reft of the quills, the baftard wing,
and fcapulars, are black, edged with pale red: the outer fecon-
daries the fame colour as the quills, but the reft of them white,
forming a bed of white on the wing: the four middle tail fea-
thers are dufky black, fringed with white; the three outer ones
on each fide white, marked with a dufky fpot on the outer web He

* This is not conftant, my fpecimens of M. and F. have the under parts
wholly white.

but.

Be Wen: Bele NT. Gy

but the third on both webs at the tip: legs black: hind claw
very long.

This fpecies is now and then met with in the northern parts of
England; but I believe no where very Common.

Leffer Pied Mountain Finch, or Brambling, Will. orz. p. 255.— Morton.
North. p. 423. pl. 13. f. 4,
Mountain Bunting, Br. Zool. i,.N° 123.

H E bill is fhort, thick, and ftrong, black at the point; the
reft yellow: forehead of a dark chefnut: hind part of the
head and cheeks lighter: hind part of the neck, and back, afh-
coloured, the latter more fpotted with black: the throat white :
breaft and belly waved with flame-colour: at the fetting-on of
the wing grey; the five firft feathers blackifh brown, the reft
white, the point of each dafhed with brown: the three outer tail
feathers white, the reft dark brown: feet black: the hind claw
as long again as the others: the breaft of the female is of a
darker colour than that of the male.
This is faid to be found in York/bire and Lie and
to be ftill a different fpecies from the others *

* Linnzus has comprized the whole of the foregoing under one fpecies, our
firft-mentioned, fuppofing all the others either in the fummer drefs, or in their
approaches towards it. Mr. Penzant is of a different opinion, from his own ob-

fervations ; and we have not hefitated a moment to depend on fo good
authority.

Emberiza’

165

PLrace.

Zo
MOUNTAIN B.

DESCRIPTIONe

PLACE.

166

4e
BLACK B.

DESCRIPTION»

Piace.

ORTOLAN B.

DEscriPTion.

Be IN ae a Ge

Emberiza hyemalis, Zin. Syf.i. p. 308. 2.

L’Ortolan de neige noir, Brif- orn. ili. p. 289. C.

L’Ortolan Jacobin, Buf. oi/. iv. pe 335.

Snow Bird, Cate/o. Car. i. pl. 36.—Kaln. Trav. ii. p. 51. 81-—Aré. Zool.
Br. Muf. Lev. Muf.

I LL white: head, throat, neck, back, fcapulars, rump, and

upper tail coverts, black, inclining in fome parts to lead-
colour: from the breaft to the vent white: quills and tail black :
legs grey.

Thofe in the Briti/h and Leverian Mufeums have the tip of the
bill black : the fore part of the neck lead-coloured, and the two
outer tail feathers with ferruginous margins.

Seen in Virginia and Carolina in winter only, chiefly in fnowy
weather: called by fome the Chuck Bird.

Emberiza hortulana, Liz. Syf.i. p. 309-4. — Faun. Suec. 229. — Frifch.
pl. 5.—Muller, N° 253.
L?Ortolan, Brif. orn. iii. p. 269. 4. — Buf. oif. iv. p. 305. pl. 14. — Pl. enl.
247. fo 1.—Olin. uc. p. 22.
Hortulane, Raii. Syz. p. 94. 6.—Will. orn. p. 270. pl. 40.
Ortolan, Aléiz. ili. pl. 50.—Ara. Zool.
Lev. Muf.

OMEWHAT lefs than the Yellow-hammer: length fix
inches and a quarter. Bill yellowifh: the head and neck are
cinereous olive: round the eyes yellowifh: throat the fame, bor-
dered on each fide with a cinereous line under the jaw: back, and
fcapulars, brownifh chefnut, mixed with black in the middle of
the feathers, but inclines moft to chefnut towards the rump: the

under parts very pale rufous, lighteft towards the vent: wing fea-
thers

By UueN © LN. -G.

thers brown, deepeft in the middle; fome of them have rufous
and others grey edges: tail deep brown, with rufous edges, ex-
cept the outer feather, which is edged with white, and the inner
part of the next to it tipped with white; though in fome birds the
outer feather is marked obliquely with white near the end, with
a brown tip: legs yellowifh.

The female differs in having the head and neck inclining to
afh-colour, marked with fimall blackifh lines down the fhaft of
each feather: otherwife like the male.

Thefe birds are found in feveral parts of Europe, but are not
met with in Exgland; are common in France and Italy, and fome
parts of Germany * and Sweden +, migrating from one to the
_ other in fpring and autumn; and in their paffage are caught in
numbers, in order to fatten for the table. This is done eafily,
by including the birds in a dark room, fetting before them plenty
of oats and millet, which they foon grow fo fat with, that they
would die from that caufe alone, did not their feeders kill them
firft, for the fake of emolument from the fale of them. Their
flefh is thought to be one of the moft exquifite morfels yet
known, being as it were a lump of rich fat; and the birds ar-
rived at this ftate will often weigh three ounces each.—It is alfo
very common in the fouth of Rufia, and in Sibiria, as far as the
river OF; but never goes much to the north f.

This fpecies will fometimes fing very pretuly, and has been
kept for that purpofe. The fone is not unlike that of our Yel-
low-hammer, but finer and f{weeter.

In fome parts it makes the neft in a low hedge ; in others, on

2 Hift. des oif. T Faun. Suec. $ Mr. Pennant.
10 the

167

Femate.

PLace ane
ManneERso

168

' Se
War. A.

DeEscriPTion,

i
Var. B.

DESCRIPTION.

EX
Var. Cc.

DescriPTion.

Bae Oa NT eet Ni Gs
the ground *. It is carelefly conftructed, not unlike that of the
Lark. The female lays four or five greyifh eggs, and in general
has two broods in a year. Sometimes frequents oat-fields, of
which it feems very fond, foon growing exceeding fat; and is
thought fufficiently fo for the table: but never reckoned fo deli-
cious as when fattened artificially.

L’Ortolan jaune, Bri/: orn. iii. p. 272. A.— Buf. oif. iv. p. 312.
Aldrovandus’s firft fort of Yellow-hammer, Will. orn. p. 270. 1. —= Raii

Syn. p» 94. Noa.

HIS is the fize of the laft, and is all over of a ftraw-colour,
except the edge of the wing and the quills, which are
white: the bill, and legs, reddifh.

L’Ortolan blanc, Brif. orz. iii. p. 373. B.— Buf, o/. iv. p. 313.
Hortulanus albus, d/drov. Rai. Syx. p. 94. N° 2.—Will. orn. p.270. N° 2.
i HIS is wholly white, as pure as that of the Swan.
L’Ortolan 4 Queue blanche, Bri/. orz. iii. p. 273. C.— Buf. of. iv. p. 514.
Hortulanus, N° 5. Raié Syn. p. 94.—Will. orn. p. 270. N° 5.
HIS differs little from the common, except in the tail,

which is almoft wholly white.

® In Lorraine among the wheat. Hif. des oi/.

L’Ortolan

Be one Nt oe ples Ne Ge

L’Ortolan noir, Brif. orn. iii. p. 274. D.—Baf. off. iv. p. 313.
Hortulanus, N°4. Razé Sya. p. 94.—Will. ora. p. 270+

HE whole body of this bird is blackifh, except the head
and neck, which incline to green: the bill red: the legs
-cinereous.
Buffon alfo mentions a further variety, which had the throat
yellow mixed with grey, a grey breaft, and a rufous belly.

L’Ortolan de Ia Chine, Sox. Voy. Ind. vol. ii. p. 201.

ILL pale rufous: irides yellow: top of the head, and all
the upper parts of the body, of a reddifh rufous colour, with
yellowifh edges: the leffer wing coverts very light yellow; the
fecond quills deep brown, edged with rufous grey; the prime
quills umber-colour, edged with dull yellow : the throat, breaft,
belly, and vent, fine yellow: down the middle of the belly a lon-
gitudinal ftreak of brown: the tail of this laft colour, edged
with grey: the legs pale rufous.
This inhabits the fouthern provinces of China, i in the months of
Offober, November, and December.

Vou. II. Zi Emberiza

169

van! D.

Descriptio“.

6.
CHINESE B.

DESCRIPTION.

PLace.

170

a
«= YELLOW B.

DeserivYrion.

FEMALE.

Place ANB
MANNERS.

Bey Up Nt -@ a Ny G:

Emberiza citrinella, Liz. Syf. 1. p. 309. 5. — Faun. Suec. N° 230. — Scop.
gan.i. N° 209.—Muller, p. 252.—Frifeh. p\. 5.—Ovin. uc. pl, in p. 50.
Kram. el. p. 370. 1-—-Georgi Reife, p. 174.

Le Bruant, Brif. orz. iii. p. 258. be — Buf. oif. iv. p. 342. pl. 8. — Pl. ent.
Blebes biliq ;

¥ellow-hammer, Raii Syn. p. 93. Ae 2.—Will. orn. p. 268. pl. 40. — Albin.
i. pl. 66.—Br. Zool. N° 119. pl. 50.—Aré. Zool.

Br. Muf. Lev. Muf,

ENGTH fix inches and a quarter. Bill dufky: irides
hazel : crown of the head of a beautiful pale, and in fome
birds of a full yellow *: nape greenifh: cheeks yellow: over the
eyes a brownifh ftripe, paffing backwards: the hind part of the
neck, and upper parts of the body, are blackifh down the fhaft,
rufous on the fides, and fringed with grey: rump pale tawny:
chin, and under parts, yellow, inclining to reddifh on the breaft,
and dafhed with dufky on the fides: the wings are reddifh
brown, olive, or dufky, mixed, and edged chiefly with grey: the
tail brown, a little forked; the two middle feathers edged with
grey, the ethers outwardly with olive, except at the ends, where
the margin is grey ;. the outermoft of all edged with white; and.
a fpot of white on the two outer ones, juft at the tip : the legs.
are yelHowifh brown.
The female is much duller in colour, and has very little yellow
about the head. ;
I believe this to be full as common as any of our Britifh birds,
and known by every fchool-boy to make a neft compofed of hay,

* In fome birds the crown is dafhed with brown, and in others I have feen it
quite brown, furrounded with a wreath of deep yellow.

fraw

Ber ON Reb ON. OG,

fraw mixed with a little mofs, dried leaves, and ftalks, very
ill put together, and lined with hair or wool; generally om the
ground, though now and then in a very low bufh. The eggs in
general four or five in number, marked with brown or blackith
irregular ftreaks, with here and there a blotch. ‘This bird has
more than one brood in a year.

It is a tame, filly fpecies, and reckoned of little value; its note
trifling, not often more than a fcream or two, and is therefore
never kept in a cage; though in fpring the male has a fort of fong,
confifting of feven notes ; fix of the firft are of equal tones, and
pretty quick; the laft fharper than the others, and continued to
the length at leaft of three of the firft.

I believe this bird is found throughout Ezrope, and feeds both
on grain and infects. The flefh, for the table, does not deferve
commendation, when caught at large, as it is apt to prove bitter ;
but how it might improve if fatted like the Ortolan, I am not
certain. I have been informed, that in Italy, where they eat all
fmall birds without diftin@tion, they.are thought to be very
good.

Emberiza miliaria, Liz. Sy/?. i. p. 308. 3. — Faun. Suet. N° 228.—Iter Scan.
292. pl. 4.— Brun. 247. — Muller, N° 251.— Kram. el. p. 371. 6.—
Frifch. pl. 6.—Olin. uc. pl. in p. 44.

Le Proyer, Brif. orn. iii. p. 292. 10.—Buf. off, iv. p. 355- pl. 16.—Pi. enl,
233° :

Bunting, Rait Syn. p. 93. — Will. orn. p. 267. pl. 40. — Albin. ii. pl. 50.—
Br. Zool. i. N° 118.—<4r. Zool.

Br. Muf. Lev. Muf.

IZE of the Yellow-hammer, but ftouter in the body. . Bill
pale brown: general colour of the plumage pale olive brown,
Z 2 with

a7t

8.
+ COMMON B,

DzscRIPTION.

v72.

FEMALE«s

PLace anpD
Manners,

Bie VON ae al EON: LG, men,

with a blackifh dafh down the fhaft of each feather, which is
fringed on the edge with rufous: under parts plain yellowith
white, dafhed on the fides with dufky : quills dufky, with yellow-
ifh edges: tail feathers much the fame, and a trifle forked: legs
pale brown.

The female differs little, except in palenefs of colour, from the
male.

This is common in England, but much lefs fo than the laft;
and in winter unites into large flocks, The female builds the
neft three or four inches from the ground, on fome tuft of de-
cayed herbage or dead plant, and lays five or fix eggs. During
the time of the ben’s fitting, the male is feen entertaining her
with his (cream, for I will not call it /oxg, fitting on fome bare,
and often projecting part of the branch of an. adjacent tall tree ;,
where he may be obferved, all of a heap, every now and then ut-
tering a tremulous kind of fhriek,. three or four times repeated.
At the latter end of harveft unite into flocks, and remain fo for
the moft part during the winter, where they are fhot in numbers,
or caught in nets ; and, from their fimilar plumage, are fold for
Larks to the ignorant; and indeed by the better informed often.
pafs by the name of Bunting Larks.

Though thefe birds remain the whole year in England, yet we-
find them named as migratory on the Continent. In France they
are rarely feen in winter, departing with the Swal/ow *; and are-
faid to be more plenty about Rome + than elfewhere. They are
common throughout Germany, the fouthern. parts of Ruf la, Swe
den, and Denmark, but not in Sibiria f.

® Tift. des vif. Olinas $ Mr. Pennant.

Emberiza:

Be USN.) Dy ee NI. Gk,

Emberiza fchceniclus, Liz. Sy/. i. p. 911. 17-—Faun. Suee. N° 231.—Brun.
251.— Muller, N° 254. — Kram. el. p. 371. N° 5.—Frifch. pl. 7.—
Georgi Reife, p. 174.

L’Ortolan de Rofeaux, Brif. orn. iii. p. 274.— Buf. oif. iv. p. 315-—Pi. enl.
247. f. 2. (the male) 497. 2. (female) ;

Greater Reed Sparrow, Raii Syn. p. 93. A. 3.—Will, orn. p. 269.—Albin. iis.
pl. 51.—Br. Zool, i. N° 120.—Ar&. Zool.

Br..Muf. Lev. Muf..

S I ZE of the Yellow Bunting: length five inches and: three:
quarters. Bill brown > irides hazels. the head; throat, fore
part of the neck, and breaft, black: on each fide of the neck a
pale ftreak, which paffes backward, encirling the back part of the
neck as a ring: the upper parts of the body and wings brownifh:
red, with a ftreak of black down the fhafts: the lower part of
_ the breaft and belly white, ftreaked with dufky on the fides: the:
eight middle tail feathers black; the two: middle ones edged’
with rufous; the others only fo on the outer margins; the laft:
but one white, except from the bafe to the middle of the inner
web, which. is- black, and the fhaft wholly black; the outer one’
is alfo white, except at the bafe and tip, where-it is dufky ;. all of’
them: fharpifh: at the ends: the legs pale brown.
In young birds the black on the head is mixed with brown *.
The female has the -head and:neck partly of the fame colour as
the upper parts of the body; otherwife is marked much like the
male, though more dull.. F
This fpecies frequents marfhy grounds. in England, efpecially,

* «©-At the approach of winter the head changes to hoary, buton retern of.
«s. {pring refumes its priftine jettynefs.”? Br. Zool.

& where

173

Deo
+- REED B.

DEscriPTion.

FEeMALE«

PLACE AND
ManneRso.

174

VaRieETY.

Ba ON a NG

where reeds grow; between four of which it faftens the neft *,
two or three feet above the water. It is compofed of dry grafs-
ftalks, and Jined within with the foft down of the reed: the eggs
are four or five in number, of a blueifh white, marked with irre-
cular purplifh veins, moft confpicuous at the large end.

I have now and then feen this bird in hedges on the high
roads ; but its refort is for the moft part near the water; and it
is moft likely that it feeds on the feeds of the reed, like the
Bearded Titmoufe +, as 1 have found the feeds in its ftomach.
They are fufficiently plenty; but I do not find that they form
themfelves into flocks of more than fix or eight together.

With us they remain the whole year; but in fome parts of the
continent feem migratory. In the province of Lorrain numbers
are feen pafling on their paffage to other parts, both in fpring
and autumn {, though fome few ftay there the whole year. The
extreme limits of their peregrination are between Sweden and
Italy. :

In {pring the male fits perched on a reed, and has a pleafing
kind of warbling fong. It is frequently heard to fing in the
night, as well as day-time.

Buffon mentions a bird by the name of Coque/uche ||, which came
from Sidiria; but I do not-find any thing in the defcription dif-
fering from our Reed Sparrow, except that it has only a fhort

* Not at equal diftances, but two and two on each fide, pretty near each
other, the reft of the neft hanging free.

+ In Aujiria faid to be fond of millet. — ‘* Viititat feminibus, prafertim
«* milio.” Kramer,

} Hift. des oif. {| Id. vol. iv. p. 3z0.

9 ftripe

Bar Up NB ae Ny ~6Ge

ftripe of white near the gape of the bill, inftead of paffing down-
wards on each fide of the neck, as in the laft-named bird.

EN GT H five inches and ahalf. Bill orange brown : head
and neck dufky black: upper parts of the body brown:
wing coverts incline to afh-colour: prime quills dufky, edged
with cinereous ; fecondaries dufky, the outer webs brown: the
fix middle tail feathers dufky ; the next on each fide the fame,
but white from the bafe to within a little of the end on the inner
web; the two outer ones wholly white, except the end of the
outermoft, which is fringed with dufky near the tip: under parts
of the body pale: legs orange brown. :

In Sir Fofeph Banks’s collection, from the Cape of Geod Hope.

Le Gavoué de Provence, Buf: vif: iv. p, 321.—Pl. enl. 656. 1.

LEN GTH four inches and two thirds. Bill dufky: upper
parts not unlike our Reed Sparrow: through the eye a
ftreak of white, paffing on each fide of the neck: under the eye a
large patch of black: chin white: on each fide the throat, from
the under jaw, a ftreak of black: breaft, and fides, pale brown,
fpotted with black ; the reft of the under parts white: acrofs the
middle of the wings a bar of white: quills and tail dufky, edged
with rufous: legs pale brown.
Inhabits Provence: feeds on grain: perches often. In April

is faid to fing agreeably. Is called there Chic-gavotte, and Chic-
mouftache,

Le

Q-
Var. A.
DEscCRIPTION.

PLACE:

10.
MUSTACHOE
B.

DeEscRIPTIO&.

PLACE.

176

Il.
LESBIAN B.

Description.

PLace.

12.
LORRAIN B.

DescrRiPTioNne

BAW Noo) N? ae

Le Mitilene de Provence, Buf. oi/. iv. p. 322.—Pl. ent. 656. 2.

HIS is fomewhat like the laft, but has not the black fpot

under the eye; having, inftead of it, only three narrow
black bands, the fpaces between which are white: it is alfo white
round the eye: the breaft, rump, and fides, are not fpotted with
dufky: the tail feathers are white, or edged with it, except the
two middle, which are dufky, edged with rufous.

This alfo is found in Provence, and differs in not being in fong
till Zune; is more rare than the laft, and very wild; and, fetting
up a {cream on the approach of any of the birds of prey*, it is
called Chic, or Chic de Mitilene.

L’Ortolan de Lorraine, Buf. oi/. iv. p. 323.—Pl. enl. 511. f. 1. (male).
Ortolan de paffage, PJ. ex/. 511. f. 2. (female)

LENG T Hi fix inches and a half. Bill brownifh flefh-colour :-

the upper parts of the head, neck, and body, are rufous,
dafhed with black: fides of the head pale: through the eye a
ftreak of black: from the bafe of the lower mandible, and round
the chin, rifing to the ears, another ftreak of black: the under
parts, as far as the breaft, pale afh-colour, dotted with black ;

* The Greeks in the ifland of Lefbos, or Metelin, are faid to ufe this inftin& to:
their advantage, by placing one of thefe ‘birds among their poultry in their
yards, in a ftrong cage; by which means the fowls there kept are fooner ad-
vifed of the approach of the Hawk, or any bird of prey, than by any other
racthod.—Hii/?. des oi/.

from

BeeUr ON ot ge lee NG:

from thence to the vent deep rufous: leffer wing coverts plain
afh-colour; the others rufous and black mixed: the two middle
tail feathers rufous; the others part black and part white; but
the outer ones have moft white in them: legs pale red brown.

The female is only five inches and three quarters long. The
bill black at the point: upper parts much like the male: no
black ftreaks on the fide of the head; but inftead, a whitith trace
over the eye, and a patch of rufous beneath it: the under parts
are white, which paffes backwards a little on each fide of the
neck, like a half-collar: legs black: the tail, in the figure, feems
to be quite white beneath, except juft at the tips of the outer
feathers, which have a dufky ftreak.

Inhabits Lorrain.

Emberiza Ludovicia, Liz. Sy/. i. p. 310. 10,
L’Ortolan de la Louifiane, Bri/- orn. lil. p, 278. 6.—Buf, vif. iv. p. 325.
—PI. enl. 158. £. 1.—Ar&. Zool, :

IZE of the Yellow-hammer: length five inches and a
quarter. Bill rufous, fpotted with black: the head, throat,
and fore part of the neck, pale rufous: the top of the head
is furrounded with a wreathed irregular ftreak of black, fomewhat
dike an horfe-fhoe: beneath the eye is a ftreak, and feveral
leffer markings of black: the upper parts of the body rufous,
dafhed with black: the lower part of the back, the rump, and
upper tail coverts, black: breaft and fides rufous: belly, thighs,
and under the tail, rufous white: greater wing coverts black,
with rufous edges: quills the fame: tail a little cuneiform, and
black: legs afh-colour. :
Inhabits Louifiana,

VoL. Il. Aa Emberiza

Wdled

FEMALE;

oP LACE.

1s
LOUISIANE B.

DescriPTion.

PLAcE.

178 Bh UM Or The Ny. -G

Emberiza Pfittacea, Lin. Sy/. i. p. 312. 18-

La Linotte 4 longue queue du Brefil, Brif. orn. ili. p. 147+ 35.
La Veuve éteinte, Buf. cif. iv. p. 168.

Fringilla Brafilienfis, Seba, i, p. 103. pl. 66. f. 5.

4.
PSITTACEOUS

Description, @IZE of a Sparrow: length eleven inches and a half. Gene-
ral colour a dull greyifh afh: the bafe of the bill furrounded
with pale red: wings yellow and pale red mixed: the tail the
colour of the body; the two middle feathers much longer * than.
the others, and tipped with chefnut.
PLACE. Inhabits Brafil.

150 . Emberiza Paradifea, Liz. Sy/t. i. p. 312. 19.—Scop. aan. i. N° 216.4:
+ WHIDAH B. La Veuve, Brif. orn. iii. p. 120. 25. pl. 8 f. 1. .

La Veuve 4 collier d’or, Buf. oif. iv. p. 155. pl. 6.

Grande Veuve d’Angola, Pi. exl. 194 t.

Another Indian long-tailed Sparrow, Wilf. orm p. 251. §. 11.—Raié Sys.

p: 87. 10.—Petiv. Gaz. pl. 55. f. 1.
Red-breafted: long-tailed Finch, Eda. pl. 86..
Lev: Muf-

DeseRiPTioN. ATHER lefs than. a Hedge Sparrow: length to the fide
tail feathers five inches and a half. The bill lead-colour >
irides hazel |}: the head, chin, and fore part of the neck, back,.

* Three times the length of the body. Hi/t. des oif.

+ Scopoli thinks that this does not differ from the laft.

t Both in this, and the plate of the Hi#. des oif. the figures are thofe of the
Whidah Bird, which is what Buffon would have us underftand to be his Veuve
& collier d’or. This is clear from his references: there muft be therefore fome.
miftake in this matter. The grande Veuve is a different bird.

}| Chefnut, Buffon.

Wings,

Bee Na | Ee NG:

wings, and tail, black: neck behind pale orange: breaft, and
upper part of the belly, a full orange: lower belly, and thighs,
white: vent black: the two middle tail feathers are four inches
in length, very broad, and ending in along thread; the two next
are thirteen, or more, inches in length, very broad in the middle,
narrower at the end, and rather pointed; from the middle of the
fhaft of this laft arifes another long thread; the reft of the tail
feathers are only two inches and a quarter long; the two middle
long ones are placed fomewhat vertically, and appear undulated
acrofs, and are more glofly than the others: the legs flefh-
colour.

The female is wholly of a deep brown, almoft black ; but does
not gain the full plumage under three years.

This fpecies moults twice in a year. ‘The male wants the long
tail feathers fix months out of twelve: it moults in November,
when it firft lofes them, and the plumage is of a mixed black and
reddith colour, and the head ftreaked black and white: it moults
again late in fpring, when it gets the fummer plumage; but the
tail feathers are fcarce complete till Zune, and fall again in No-
vember, as before mentioned.

The. females, when young, are nearly like the males in their
winter drefs.

This is pretty common at Angola, and other parts of Africa;
and is called Ja Veuve, or Widow Bird, from the colour *. They
are often brought into Europe, where they frequently live many
years, and are in general lively aétive birds.

* Willughby :—But Edwards gives another reafon for the name—being a cor-
ruption of Whidab, a fort in Africa, in the neighbourhood of which they are com-
mon. Whidah Bird, and Widow Bird, are founds very fimilar.

Aa 2 Emberiza

179

Bemacg.

Pracs.

180

16.
DOMINICAN B.

Description.

PEMALE.

BAN hia ee ON SG

Emberiza ferena, Liz. Sy/t. i. p. 312+ 20+
La petite Veuve, Brif. orn. iii. p. 124. 26. pl. 8. f. 2.
La Veuve Dominicaine, Buf, oi/. iv. p. 160.—Pl. enl. 8. f. 2

ATHER lefs than the laft: total length fix inches and
three quarters. Bill red: upper part of the head black; the
crown rufous white: the back part of the neck, beneath the
head, is rufous white, which paffes forwards to join with the un-:
der parts, all of which, from the chin, and beneath the eyes, are
alfo rufous white*: the hind part of the neck, and back, are
black, edged with dirty white: inner wing coverts white; reft of
the wing black; the quills edged with white: the tail is black;
the two middle feathers are pointed at the ends, and are more
than two inches tonger than the others, all of which leffen in.
length as they are placed outwardly; three of them, next to the:
middle feathers, have white tips; and the two outer ones are
white on the infide, and pale rufous without: the legs are
grey.

The female is of an uniform brown colour; and the feathers
of the tail are all of equal lengths, the two.middle ones not being
longer than the others.

This fpecies moults twice in the year, hike the laft; and, like
that, lofes its long tail feathers.

* The parts defcribed as rufous white by Broz, are white in the Pd. ext.’
and in Buffon’s account of the bird.

Emberiza

(Biri N oe Boal oe IN 2 Gt

Emberiza vidua, Liz. Sy/t. i. p. 312. 21.

La grande Veuve, Bri/. orn. iii. p. 127. 27.—Buf. oif. iv. p. 162.

Long-tailed Sparrow with a fcarlet bill, W2ll. orn p. 251. pl. 45.—Rait
Syn. p. 87. 9.—Pet. Gaz. pl. 55. f. 1.

ESS than a Sparrow. Bill red: head, and all the upper
parts, of a ereenifh black: fides of the head, and under
parts, dirty white, the black coming forwards on each fide of the

neck, like an half collar: acrofs the wing coverts a band of |

white; the quills are fringed with brown: the tail feathers are
twelve in number; four of the middle ones are very long, ‘the
two middle ones being ten inches and a half in length, and the
next on each fide nine inches; the others even; the long ones
are wholly black; the others black on the outer webs, and white
within; the two colours obliquely divided, having moft white on

the outer feathers: legs black, or brown: claws pale. This is.

the defcription of one in my poffeffion ; but Briffon mentions a

fecond band, of a yellowifh colour, beneath the white one; and.

that the legs are fpotted with black and white. |
Inhabits ndia-

Emberiza principalis, Liz. Sy/?. is p. 313. 22.
La Veuve d’Angola, Bri/. orn. app. p. 80.
La Veuve mouchetée, Buf. oi/. iv. p. 165.
Long-tailed Sparrow, Edw. pl. 270.

SIZE of the Whidah Bird. Bill red: the upper-parts of the
head and body are black and rufous mixed, the black occu-
pying the middle of each feather: the fides of the head, and under
parts, are white, except the breaft, which is of a pale rufous :
the

18k

17.
+ LONG-
TAILED B.

DESCRIPTION.

PLACEe

18.
VARIEG iTED

DeEsCRIPTIONo

182

PLACE.

Bip. Nea eh) Gs

the lefler wing coverts are white, the greater black, with rufous
edges; quills of this laft colour: the tail is compofed of twelve
feathers ; the two middle ones exceed the others ‘by five inches
and a half; the next on each fide are one inch fhorter, thefe are
deep black; the others, which are fhort, and of equal length, are
of a dull brown-colour, margined with pale brown, and marked
each with a white fpot at the inner web: legs flefh-colour.

I have a great fufpicion that the two laft birds are one and the
fame, though the marks of the upper part may be different, as
we know that all the Whidah Birds vary exceedingly, both in
different times of the year, as well as age: whoever obferves the
figures referred to in the fynonyms, will be of my opinion.

Buffon thinks, that both this and the laft bird have twelve fea-

thers in the tail, like others of this clafs, and that the four long
feathers are fupernumerary ones, as in the Peacock; but I can

affure him, that in the long-tailed there are only twelve in

all; and inthe prefent one, had they been otherwife, fo accurate

a defcriber as Edwards could not have failed mentioning its
This laft author obferves, that the bird foon gains again the long

feathers after moulting, contrary to the Whidab Bird, which is

often half a year without them.
This fpecies is found at Angola. The laft is faid to come from

India but I have feen fpecimens of the laft, which were faid to

come likewife from Azgo/a, and is an additional reafon for my

thinking them the fame bird.

Enmberiza

Bie el vO ee hee INL G.

Emberiza regia, Lin. Syft. is P. 313% 23.
« La Veuve de la Cote d’Afrique, Brif. orm iii. p. 129. 28. pl. 9. f. 1.—=Pl
enl. 8. f. 16
Le Veuve 4 quatre brins, Buf. oi/. iv. p. 158. pl. 5.
Br. Muf. Lev. Mu/f.

SIZE of a Linnet: length to the fhorter tail feather near four

inches and ahalf. Bill red: the upper parts of the plumage
are black : fides of the head even with the eyes, the under parts,
and round the neck, are rufous; the hind part of the neck.
{potted with black: lower part of the thighs and vent black : the
four middle tail feathers are nine or ten inches long, and are

webbed only for about two inches at the ends; the reft of them

are fimple fhafts, with fcarcely. the leaft perceivable rudiment of:
a web; the others are even, fhort, and black: : legs red.
The female is brown,.and has not the long tail feathers.

Thefe birds moult twice ina year, and in the winter moult
the male becomes very. little fuperior to a Linnet in colour,,

having the plumage nearly like it,, only the grey. a little.
brighter. |

Inhabits Africa, from: the coafts of which thefe birds. are im--

ported into England; but is.a much fearcer fpecies than. the
Whidab one. .

I have one of thefe birds in my collection ; but the upper parts.

of the plumage are not black, confifting only of two kinds of
brown, the darkeft occupying the middle of the feather, not

greatly unlike the back of a hen Houfe Sparrow : the tail dufky, ,

with pale rufous. margins. .

Lia

583

19.
+ SHAFT-
TAILED B.

Descr IPTION.

FEemMALe,

PLAce.

134 BU NG ERT NU G:

20. La Veuve 4 epaulettes, Buf. oi. iv. p. 164.—Pl. enl. 635.
+ ORANGE- Cape Sparrow, Kolb. Cap. ii. p. 159. pl. 7. f. We
ger aa Yellow-fhouldered Oriole, Brown’s Iluj?. pl. 110

Loxia longicauda, 7. F. Miller, pl. 3. A.
y Br, Muff. Lev. Muf.

Description. SIZE of a Song Thrufh: total length twenty inches; from the
bill to the fetting on of the tail only five. The bill is
ftrong and dufky ; the noftrils nearly hid in the feathers: tongue
fharp : the general colour of the plumage deep glofiy black:
the leffer wing coverts are crimfon, below this a bed of white ;
fome of the quills are white at the bafe, but hid when the wing
is clofed; the fecond quills are as long as the prime ones: the
tail is compofed of twelve feathers, which hang fideways, like
thofe on the fides of a Cock’s tail; fix of the middle ones are
very long, but unequal in themfelves, the two longeft are fifteen
inches long, the next on each fide fourteen inches, and the
next only eleven inches and a half; the others much fhorter :
the legs are brown, of the fize of thofe of a Thrufh: all the
claws long and hooked.
Pracz. This is indigenous to the Cape of Good Hope.

21. ‘La Veuve en feu, Buf. oif. iv. p. 167.
PANAYAN B. La Veuve a poitrine rouge, P/, exl. 647.
de I’Ifle de Panay, Son. Voy. p. 117. pl. 76.

Description. IZE of the Whidab Bird: length twelve inches: colour
wholly black, except a large fpot of a bright red colour on

the breaft: four of the tail feathers are very long, pointed,
hanging

By NI Pe wm No GS

hanging downward, like thofe of the Whidab Bird, and are all

of a length : legs black.
Inhabits the [le of Panay.

Gros-bec 4 poitrine couleur de feu, Salerz. py 277. 146

IZE of a Finch. Bill fhort, like that of a Bulfinch: top of
the head and neck yellow; reft of the body black: tail

long.

This is all the defcription which the author gives of it; but .

his calling the breaft jire-coloured, in his fpecific defcription of it,
inclines us to think that it may have fome reference to the laft
fpecies.

Inhabits Angola.

Emberiza Capenfis, Lzz. Sy/?. 1. p. 3100 Qe a
L’ Ortolan du Cap de Bonne Efperance, Bri/. orn. iii, ps 280. 7» 7> Ble 14. fia.
—Puf. oif. iv. p. 328.—FI. enl. 158. f. 2.

IZE of the laft: length five inches three quarters. atl

dufky, upper part rufous yellow, varted with black: top of

the head and neck dirty grey and black mixed: fides of the head’

and chin dirty white, croffed with two ftreaks of black, the one

through the eyes, the other beneath them: the under parts

dirty yellowifh white: the leffer wing coverts rufous; the greater

ones, quills, and tail, dufky, with rufous edges: legs blackifh.
Inhabits the Cape of Good Hope. sae

ort Bb Pile eva Giaar ala ri sp

185

PLace.

22.
ANGOLA B,

DescRiPTioN,

Pi ACE:

PG
CAPE B.

DESCRIPTION.

PLACE:

186
23.

Var. A.

DEscrIPTION.

24.
Var. B

DescaiprTion.

Be aN Es Ne Ga

L’Ortolan 4 ventre jaune du Cap de Bonne Efperance, Buf. oi/, iii. p. 326.—
PI. enl. 664. f. 2. (the male). f. 1. (the female, or a young bird),

ENGTH fix inches and a quarter. Bill dufky : top of the
head and fides yellowifh white : over the eye from the noftrils
an arched ftripe of black; behind the eye a fecond; and from
the lower mandible another, quite irregular, pafling in the direc-
tion of the jaw, and uniting at the back part with the two
others, wholly furrounding the fide of the head: at the nape is
a patch of the fame colour: the lower part of the neck and
back are brown; the feathers margined with paler brown: the
rump grey: all the under parts yellow, inclining to red on the
breaft, and verging to white at the chin and vent: the leffer
wing coverts cinereous ; the middle ones white ; and the greater
black, with rufous margins: quills black, bordered with white,
but thofenext the body have the edges rufous: the tail appears
forked, and each of the bifurcations is cuneiform in_ itfelf,
as the outer and inner feathers of both parts are fomewhat
fhorter than the others; the two middle feathers are dufky
brown, the others dufky with pale edges, and fome of the outer
ones are tipped with white: the legs are pale flefh-colour. This.
is fuppofed to be the male.

‘HE other figure has the upper parts rufous brown: the
middle of the feathers dufky : the rump afh-colour : the mid-

dle of the wing rufous longitudinally the whole way from the
bend: the under parts of the body dirty white: the head is not
black, but only two black ftreaks on the fides, the one behind
the

Bye Uni INS ae dae Nei Gt

the eye and beneath it, the other in the direction of the under
jaw: the tail wholly brown, edged with rufous.

Likewife obferve a third figured in the Planches Enluminées *,

which has great refemblance to the laft. The top of the
head has a mixture of black and grey, and two ftreaks of black
in the fame places as in the laft bird, but rather broader; the
upper parts more inclined to rufous: fides of the head grey:
under parts of the body dirty white, marked with a mixture of
cinereous on the fore part of the neck: fides of the bady pale
rufous: tail as in the laft bird; the under part of it cinereous ¢
legs pale yellow.

This bird, Buffon fays, is common alfo at Cayenne, where it
is called Bonjour-commandeur +, from its cuftom of finging at
day-bréak; and is very common about inhabited places; has a
note almoft like a Sparrow ; found often on the ground, and for
the moft part two and two together.

I cannot confider the three laft-defcribed but as mere varieties,
and, in all probability, of the Cape fpecies likewife ; but nothing
more than conjecture can be had about them, as their manners
are not known. ;

IZE of a Bunting. Bill flefh-coloured: noftrils covered with

fmall tufts of feathers: on the cheeks, and beneath the bill,

other tufts: head pale brown: back, wings, and breaft, the fame,

{potted with darker brown: belly white: quills and tail brown,

barred with deep brown: Jegs rofe-colour: hind claw long, and
fcarcely curved.

® N° 386. f. 2. + Hift. des vif. iv. p. 369.
Bb2 Inhabits

187

23.
Var. C.

Descrrprion.

Zhe
BARRED-TAIL
B.

DescripTiONe

18g BOO IN NE NT NG:

PLACE. Inhabits Chine. 1 faw the figure of this among fome Chinefe
crawings.

ae Emberiza oryzivora, Lia. Syft. it p. 31%. 16.
a RICE B. L’Ortolan de la Caroline, Brif. orn. iii. p. 282. 3. pl. 15. f. 3.-—Pé. en]. 388s
f.or.
_L’Agripenne, ou L’Ortolan de Riz, Buf. oi/. iv. p. 337-
Rice Birds, Cate. Car. i. pl. 14.—Edw. pl. 291.— Ard. Zool.
Br. Muf. Lev. Muf,

DescrIFTION, GIZE of a Sparrow: length fix inches three quarters. Bill
dufky : the fore part and fides of the head, all the under parts,,
and the back, are black: the feathers on the head, back, and:
thighs, have rufous. margins: the back part of the head and
neck are plain rufous, but pale, or rather buff-colour : feapulars,,
and leffer wing and upper tail coverts dirty white: the reft of
the wing feathers black, edged with brown: the quills edged:
with yellowifh grey: the tail is black ; in fhape rather forked; all
the feathers ending in a fharp point; the tips ef them brownifh :
the legs brown..

FrMae. The female is of the fame fize and fhape, but the general co-
lour rufous, here and there verging to brown.
Puact ann... This fpecies is migratory, but does not exceed the bounds of

, Manners. = America. Found in Cuda in flocks about Seplember, and from
thence take their departure for Carolina, and fo on to other parts,.
ftaying in each only fo long as the rice continues green; for when
ripe they will not touch it. Come into Rhode [land and New
York at the end of April, or the fecond week in May, frequenting
the borders of fields, and live on infects, &c. till the, maize is
fit for their palate; when they begin by pecking holes in the
fides of the hufks, and after fatiating themfelves go on to ano-

ther 3.

Be Oa Be ANY) G8

ther; which leaves room for the rain to get in, and effectually
fpoils the plants. They continue there during the fummer, and
breed, returning, as autumn approaches, to the fouthward. ‘They
are frequently found mixed with the Red-winged Oriole, though
not one to ten of the latter ; and are alfo feen with the Blue
Jays. The males and females do not arrive together, the females
come firft *.

This fpecies is known in the country by the names of Bob Lin-
coln and Conguedle ; likewife called by fome the White-backed
Maize-thief ; faid to have a fine note t, and is now and then.
kept in a cage for the fake of it.

Agripenne, ou Ortolan de Ja Louifiane, Buf. off iv. ps 339,—Pl. enl. 382%.

f. 2.

EZE of the laft. The upper parts of the head, neck, body,

and upper wing coverts, are olive brown: the under parts.
pale yellow, paleft near the vent: the rump and upper tail.
coverts yellow, croffed with fine lines of brown: the greater
wing coverts are black, edged with white: quills the fame, but
thofe in the middle have a great portion of white: the tail fea-
thers black, and pointed at the ends, as in the laft bird; the
two middle ones are edged with yellow, the others. with yellowith.
white > the bill and legs paler than in the laft-defcribed.

This is found in .Lovifiana, and is.no doubt a. mere variety of
the laft fpecies.

® Aman. Acad. Wo Po 576, + Kala

Emberiza

25.
Var. A.

DeEscrRIPTIONe.

PLace.

190

26.
CIRL B.

Descriprion.

FEMALE.

Prack AND
MANNERS.

BCs, Nie Tae Nee eS

‘Emberiza Cirlus, Lin. Sy#.i. p. 311- 12.—Olin. uc. pl. in p. so.

Le Bruant de Haye, Brif. orn. ili. p. 263. 2.—Buf. oif-iv. p. 347.—Pl. ent.
653. f. 1. 2.

Cirlus, or Zivolo, Raii Syn. p. 93. 4.—Will, orn. p. 269. 3.—Olin. ue. pl. in

pe 50:

IZE of a Yellow-hammer: length fix inches and a quarter.
Bill cinereous brown: the head olive green, with a dufky
line down the fhaft of each feather: fide of the head yellow,
with a dafh of black between the bill and eye, and fome mark-
ings of black on the ears : the chin is alfo black, paffing a little
backwards: the hind part of the neck, back, and rump, brown ;
the feathers dufky in the middle: the under parts, from the chin,
are yellow ; the breaft inclining to brown, and a few dufky ftreaks-
on the fides of the body: acrofs the throat a yellow band: the
tail is brown, edged with grey, the outer feather with white, and
has alfo a {pot of white on the inner web for half the length ; the
outermoft but one has alfo a fpot of white in the fame place,
but of a much fmaller fize; the fhape a little forked: the legs
yellowifh.

The female is not unlike the male on the upper parts: the
under are yellow, ftreaked with dufky, and inclining to white at
the chin and vent: in fome the breaft inclines to green.

Thefe birds are found only in the warmer parts of France and
Italy, and frequent newly ploughed lands, feeding on grain,
worms, and infects, which they pick out of the ground : are often
found among flocks of Chaffinches, and their note is a little like
thofe birds, not unlike the words z7, zi; are eafily tamed, and

now and then kept in cages. Said to live fix years *.

i & Olina.
5 Emberiza

Soe N f ww oN G.

Emberiza Cia, Lin. Syf. i. p. 310. 11.—Kram. el. p. 371. 35
Emberiza barbata, Scop. ann. i. p. 210.

Le Bruant de Pres, Brif. orn. iii. p. 266. 3.—PlI. enl. 30, f. 2.
Le Bruant fou, Buf. oi/. iv. p. 351-6

Cirlus ftultus, Razz Syn. p. 94, 5.—Will. orn. 271.

Pafleribus congener Aldr. Raii Syn. p. 87.2?

A {mall bird a-kin to the Sparrow, Will. orn. p. 250 ?-

IZE of the others. Bill dufky: head afh-coloured, fpotted
with black; the reft of the upper parts rufous grey, with a

blackifh fpot down. the fhaft of each. feather, inclining moft to
rufous on the rump: fides of the head grey: over the eyes a
white ftreak : through the eyes, from the bill, a black one : from
the bafe of the under jaw another, paffing in the direction of the
jaw, and bending upwards: the under parts of the body more
or lefs of a. rufous-colour, almoft white on the throat: breaft
inclining to cinereous: quills dufky, edged with white: tajl
black ; the two outer feathers beyond the middle white; the
fhafts black; the two ‘middie ones brown, margined with ru-
fous.

The female, defcribed by Linneus, has a cinereous line on the
crown, varied on the fides with ferruginous and black : on the
temples a white line, and a black one from the eyes to the bafe
of the: jaws: fore part of the neck cinereous : breaft and belly
ferruginous: back reddith, variegated: with black : wings afh-
eoloured at the bafe: tail blackith ; the two middle feathers
brown ; the two outfide feathers half white.

Scopoli fays, that the bird defcribed byhim is the male, and
that of Linneus the female; and that the male has the ftreaks
or beards on each fide of the jaw, and the female not.

Briffon’s.

19!

27.
FOOLISH B.

DescriprTions

FEMALE.

192

‘Prace.

28.
BLACK-FACED
B.

DESCRIPTIONe

B76. NORA. Neves.

Briffon’s bird is ftreaked with black beneath, which I do not
fee in the P/. enl.; and in this laft figure there is a line of black
through the eyes.

This fpecies frequents the warmer parts of Eurcpe, and is found
chiefly in the mountainous parts *, where it is folitary : it is pretty
common, and defervedly has gained the name of Fook/h Sparrow,
from its being fo foolifhly tame as to be caught by any {nare ;
and its note is trifling, not better than our Yellow B. and not
unlike it, pronouncing the words zi, 27, or zip, zip t. It is met
with on the rocky mountains in the fouth of Sibiria, from the
river Feneife to the lake Baikal, but neither in Rufia nor the wett
of Sibiria t.

Emberiza quelea, Lin. Syf. i. p. 310. 8.

Le Moineau a bec rouge de Senegal, Bri/. ora. iii. p. 110, 19. pl. 6. f. fits
Buf. cif. ive p. 485.—Pi. enl. 183. f. 2.
Lev. Mu/.

IZE of the Houfe Sparrow: length four inches three quar-
ters. The bill ftout and thick, like that of the Grefbeak
genus, but the formation is truly that of the Bunting ; the co-
lour of it red: the forehead, throat, and cheeks, are black: the
reft of the head and upper parts rufous grey: the middle of the
feathers on the back and upper parts dufky : the under parts pale

‘rufous, and plain, inclining to white on the’ breaft and belly:

quills and tail blackifh, with cinercous margins: legs flefh-co-
doured.

* Kramer fays, in the fields, low fhrubs, and borders of woods.
+ Itis called Cia felvatica, or Cia montanina, by the Genoyfe —Willughly.

a Mr. Pennant. f
g Thea

’

Bp Ut ON ee ee Ni G:

The female * wants the black about the head, otherwife like
the male.

{nhabits Africa. That figured in the PZ. en/, has the fore part
of the neck red.

Moineau du Senegal, Buf. o:f. iv. p. 484.—Pl. ent. 223. f. 1.

HIS has the head, neck, and under parts red, inclining to
rufous: the upper parts brown and dufky mixed, like our
Houle Sparrow: the forehead, between the bill and eye, and
round the throat, black: the bill is red: the legs brown.
This inhabits Sezega/, and appears to be the laft {pecies in full
plumage, if not of a different fex.

IZE of a Houfe Sparrow. Bill horn-colour: the plumage

above reddifh brown; the middle of the feathers darkeft:
‘over each eye, and down the middle of the crown, a ftreak of
yellow: fides of the head mottled yellow and black: rump and
under parts yellow: down the middle of the breaft a black
dtreak, broad, and a little divaricated on the fides: tail dufky:
legs pale.

In winter the yellow colour difappears, and the bird is wholly
of a brownifh colour, like a Sparrow.

In the poffeffion of the Dutche/s Dowager of Portland; and 1
have likewife heard of it in another collection. ‘This bird, like
the Weaver Oriole, vol. i. p. 435, had the difpofition to inter-
weave filk between the wires of its cage.

™ This appears to be Le Moineau a bec rouge du Cap de Bonne Efperance,
Brif. orn. iii. p, 108. pl. 5. f. 4.

Vor. II, Gc It

193

FemMAaLee

PLACE.

Descriprion.

Piace.

295
WEAVER B.

DEscriprion.

194

30-
CRIMSON B.

DESCRIPTIONs

FEMALE.

PLacee

31.
FAMILIAR B.

Descr1PTION.

PLace anp
Manners.

Ba UO ONG rk ae INE Ge

It is probable that the three laft-defcribed may belong to, or
have the fame manners as each other, as I obferve a neft, com-
pofed of two leaves /ewed together, in the cafe with the firft, faid
to have been done by that bird.

Moineau de P’Ifle de France, P/. ex. 665. f. 1, 2

IZE of the laft. The bill dufky: the head, breaft, rump,
upper tail coverts, and thighs, crimfon: hind part of the neck

and back blackifh and olive mixed, with here and there a dafh of
crimfon: wings blackifh, with pale edges: quills and tail black,
edged with greyifh green: lower part of the breaft, belly, and
vent, afh-colour: legs pale flefh-colour.
The female is olive green, paleft beneath: the reft as in the
male. 5

Thefe came from the fle of France.

Emberiza familiaris, Liz. Sy/?. i. 13.
Le Bruant familier, Buf. oi/. iv. p. 367+
Motacilla familiaris, Of. Voy. i. ps 157. ;
IZE of a Sifkin. The bill pointed, ftrait, narrow, and
black : head, neck, and breaft, afh-coloured: the upper
parts of the body afh-coloured, fpotted with brown: the lower
parts of the back, under the wings, and towards the tail, yellow:
tail coverts white: the tail tipped with white.

This was met with at Java by Mr. Ojveck, and was exceedingly
familiar; for if the cage-door was opened, it would jump upon
the firft perfon’s hand that was offered; if any one whiftled to.
it, it fang very fweetly in return; if it faw a difh of water, it
went immediately and bathed itfelf therein. It was fed with rice.

6 Embexiza

Bia Niwa ke. Nh Gs

Emberiza flaveola, Liz. Sy/f. i. p. 311, 14
La Flaveole, Buf. o:/. iv. p. 363.

IZE of a Sifkin: forehead and throat yellow: general colour
grey.
Native place uncertain ; Linneus fays merely, that it inhabits
warm countries.

Emberiza Amazona, Liz. Sy/t. i, p. 311.15.
L’Amazone, Buf. cif. iv. p. 364.

IZE of a Titmoufe: general colour brown: the crown of
the ‘head yellow: bafe of the wings beneath, and vent,
whitith.
Inhabits Surinam.

Emberiza olivacea, Lin. Sy/?. i. p. 309. 6
Le Bruant de St. Domingue, Bri/. orn. iil. p. 300. 14. pl. 13. fs. the male.
L’Olive, Buf. o/. iv. p. 463.

HIS fpecies is fcarce bigger than a Wren, the length
only three inches three quarters. The bill grey brown:
the head and upper parts of the body are olive green: throat
orange: between the bill and .eye a fpot of yellow, ftretching
over the eyes: fore part of the neck, and upper part of the
breaft, black : the reft of the under parts olive grey: edge of
the wing yellow : quills brown, edged with olive green: tail of
this laft colour: legs grey brown.
The female has the colours lefs brilliant, though marked in
or Cec. general

195

32.
YELLOW-
FACED B.

DEscRIPTION.

PLace.

33°
AMAZON’S B:

DeEscRIPTION.

FEMALE.

440
OLIVE B.

DESCRIPTION.

FEMALE

196

Pace,

35°
PASSERINE B.

Discriprion,

« FEMALE.

Prace.

BOWS ANG: 2s TA MR ING: Ge

general like the male: it has not the orange yellow on the head
and throat, nor the black on the fore part of the neck and
breaft: all the under parts are grey, with a flight mixture of
olive.

Inhabits S¢. Domingo.

Emberiza pafferina, Pallas Trav. vol. i. p. 456. N° 10.

I Z E of a Reed Sparrow. Head dirty, ferruginous, afh-colour ;:
fome of the feathers on the crown black: behind the eye a

pale ftreak, and on each from the chin a white line: back grey
brown; the middle of each feather black: the fore part of the
neck black, with the margins of the feathers pale ; the reft of
the under parts cinereous white, blotched with pale ferruginous
on the fides: wings, for the moft part, ferruginous, with yel-
lowifh margins: tail a little forked, black; the two middle
feathers margined with ferruginous; the two outer ones are
obliquely black and white, divided longitudinally, the outer fea-
thers almoft to the bafe, and the taft but one only to the middle,
but the fhafts are black in both, and dilated towards the tip ;
legs pale brown.

The female is like the male, but wants the black head and’
chin.

Inhabits Rufia. Seen in great plenty along the Fazck in au-
tumn, migrating in pairs to the fouth; is pretty tame; the flefh.
accounted excellent.

Emberiza

PL. XLiv.

ey
—

Black 5 th, I .

BY WN ae kN; |G. 197

Emberiza rutila, Pall. Trav. iii. p. 698. 23? 36.
Rufty Bunting, 4,4. Zool. RUSTY B.

‘HE head, neck, breaft, and fides of this bird are ruft- Descairrion. |
coloured: belly white: wings ferruginous, with two white
marks on the prime quills: tail the fame.
Inhabits Rufia. Puacs.

Lev. Mus. BLACK-
THROATED B.,
IZE of a Yellow-hammer. Bill pale brown: the upper Pi. XLIV.

parts of the plumage cinereous, ftreaked with brown on the Description,
back: over the eye a ftreak of yellow; from the gape another,
paffing under the eye: chin white: on the throat a large trian-
gular fpot of black: breaft, and middle of the belly, yellow:
fides, over the thighs, ftreaked with dufky: the greater wing co-_
verts tawny: quills and tail ene: with pale edges : legs
brown. i
The female is like the male above: but feo no black ore on Femate.
the throat, nor ftreaks above the eye: beneath the eye i is a dufky
ftreak, in the direction of the jaw: between the bill and eye
white : the belly and fides as in the male. ©
Inhabits merica.. Puacs.

Le Bruant du Brefil, Brif. orz. iii. p. 299. 13-~-Pho ent. 321. for. 38.
Le Guirnegat, Buf. oif. iv. p. 361. BRASILIAN 3.
Guiranheemgatu, Raii Syz. p. 89. 2.—Will, orn. p. 253.

IZE of a Sparrow. Bill and eyes black: the crown, throat, Description.
neck, and under parts, yellow: back, fcapulars, wings, and
tail, varied with greenifh, yellow, and brown: legs brown.
I The

198

FEMALE.

PLACE.

eS 9
MEXICAN B.

DascRIPTION:

Prace.

40.
MILITARY B.

Descrirprion,.

Prace.

AY.
BLACK-
HEADED B.

Descriprion.

Ber Nia wage, INE YG.

The female has not the gaudy colours of the male, being
plain, like a Sparrow, and has a note like it.
Thefe inhabit Brafil. The male has an agreeable note.

La Therefe jaune, Buf. o7/. iv. p. 362.
Bruant du Mexique, PJ. exl. 386. f. 1.

LE N GT Hi fix inches and a half. Bill pale: head, as far as
the crown, fides of the head, throat, and fore part of the
neck, yellow: the upper parts, like the 2’e//ow B. of a brownifh
colour, the brown on the fides of the neck tending upwards to
the eye in a point: the under parts dirty white, fpotted with
brown: quills and tail edged with pale brown: legs pale.
Inhabits. Mexico. ;

Emberiza militaris, Haffelg. voy. p. 285. 48.

EAD and back yellowifh brown: breaft, and lower part of
the back, yellow: fhoulders greenifh : belly white: quills and
tail brown; the outer edges yellowifh at the tips: belly white.
Found near Malta.

Emberiza melanocephala, Scop, anz. i. p. 208.

I ZE of a Yellow-hammer. Head black, extending to the
middle of the neck: the back rufous: throat, breaft, belly,
thighs, and rump, yellow: fides of the breaft inclined to rufous :

quills brown, with whitifh margins: tail plain brown, but paler

than the quills.

Emberiza

By Oa NG Ne ON Ge

Emberiza brumalis, Scop. anz. i. N° 213.

IZE of the Sifkin. Forehead, and round the eyes, yellow:

hind head, neck, and fides, cinereous: back yellow brown:
the under parts of the body, and vent, yellow: thighs whitifh:
quills brown, with yellow edges.

This fpecies is common about the county of Tyro/, in Auftria,
where it is called Citrinello: is frequently caught in November,

with bird-lime ; and may be kept in a cage, and fed with hemp-
feed.

Fringilla erythropthalma, Liz. Sy/f. 1. p. 318: 6.
Le Pinfon de la Caroline, Bri/. oru. ili. p. 169. 44.
— noir aux Yeux rouges, Buf. off. iv. p. 141.
Towhe Bird, Cate/o. Car. i. pl. 34.—ArG. Zool,

Br. Muf. Lev. Muf. —

ENGTH eight inches. Bill brown: irides red: head,

throat, neck, back, wing coverts, and rump, black: breatt,
belly, fides, thighs, and under tail coverts, dull red: middle
of the belly white: quills and tail black; the firft edged with
white ; the laft-a little forked: legs brown.

The female is wholly brown, except on the breaft, which has a
flight tinge of red.

This fpecies inhabits Carolina, and frequents the moft fhady
woods: is feldom feen except in pairs: comes into New York in
fpring: has no fong, but a kind of twittering note: is a reftlefs
bird. By fome called the American Bulfinch.

Emberiza

199
42.
BRUMAL.

DescRiPTION.

Pace.

43.
+ TOWHE B.

DescripTioN~

FEeMALe,

PLACE AND
MaNNERS-

44.
WHITE-
CROWNED B.

Descrirrion.

FEMALE.

PLAacee

45:
WREATHED B.

DeEscRiIPTION.

Bo UM ING Re dvi NU Ge

Emberiza leucophrys, Phil. Traxf. vol. \xii, ps 403.
White-crowned Bunting, 4r&. Zool.

SIZE of a Chaffinch: length feven inches and a quarter:

weight three quarters of an ounce. Bill flefh-colour: on the
crown a white ftripe, which does not quite reach the bill: on
each fide of this is a ftripe of black: over the eyes a line of
white, which paffes to the vertical {tripe behind: neck cine-
reous, paleft on the breaft: back ferruginous brown: rump ci-
nereous brown: the feathers edged with cinereous: wings
brown ; the outer edge of the prime quills very pale; the infides
cinereous: acrofs the wings two bands of white: the baftard
wing white: the under parts are white: the breaft ath-colour:
vent and thighs yellow: tail brown, even at the end: legs flefh-
colour.

The female is like the male.

This fpecies inhabits Canada, and vifits Severn Settlement in
Fune: it is alfo met with at A/bany Fort in May; where it ftays
the fummer, and departs in September. It makes the neft in the
bottom of willows, and lays three chocolate-coloured eggs: the
chief food is feeds of gra/s, worms, grubs, &c.

Emberiza luctuofa, Scop. ann. i. N° 215.

S! ZE of the greater Titmoufe. Bill black: a white line be-

gins at the forehead, and goes on to the nape, where it ends:
in the middle of each wing is a white fpot: the forehead, brealt,
belly, rump, and vent, are alfo white: the reft of the bird

is black.
This

Bees NE eles Ivi NJ Gé

This defcription is taken from the living bird, by Scopoli; but
from whence it came not mentioned.

Emberiza fuperne rufa, fubtus flava, fafcid pectorali tran{verfé ferruginea,
N. C. Petr. xv. p. 485. N° 1. (Aud. Fe Lepechin.)

Emberiza aureola, Pall. Trav. ii. ps 711. N° 23.—Georgi Reife, p. 174.»

Yellow-breafted Bunting, 4r@. Zool.

ILL pale; tranfparent, except at the edge of the upper
mandible, where it is blackifh: forehead blackith, with a

fhade of the fame on the crown: hind head, nape, and between
the wings, rufous; the feathers fringed with grey at the tips:
back and rump the fame, but more hoary, and fome of the fhafts
blotched with black: fcapulars white: outer webs of the fecond
wing coverts rufous; the edges of them whitith, forming a dafh
of the fame on the wing: quills brown, with white edges: fecon-
daries brown; within ferruginous: cheeks and throat black:
breaft and belly yellow; acrofs the breaft a ferruginous crefcent:
under tail coverts white: tail a little forked, brown; the two
outer feathers have a longitudinal ftripe of white on the inner
web: legs dirty white.

The female has the crown blacker, and the margins of the
feathers on the back more hoary; otherwife like the male.

Inhabits the pine forefts of Catharinefburgh. Alfo met with on
the poplars and willows in the iflands of the Jrtifb, and other
rivers in Sibiria. Found alfo in Kamt/chatka.

The fong is much like that of the Reed Sparrow.

Vor. Il. Dd Aoonalafhka

201

46,
YELLOW.
BREASTED B.

Description.

FEMALE.

PLACE.

47-
SANDWICH B.

\
DeEscRIPTION:

PLActe-

48%
AOONALASH-
KA B.

DescriPTion.
PLACE.

49:
BLACK. _
CROWNED B.

DeEscRIPTION.

Pu. XLV.

Bu Ui, Nivo Ti Fo Nu). G;

Aoonalafhka Bunting, dr& Zool,

ENGTH fix inches. Bill duflky: the upper parts of the

body brown ; each feather dafhed down the fhaft with darker
brown: at the noftrils arifes a ftreak of yellow, which paffes over
the eyes to the hind head; and from the gape is a dark one,
paffing under the eye: fides of the head, between the ftreaks,
dufky: the under parts of the body dufky white, dafhed with
: the middle of the belly plain dufky white: quills dufky:
brown, with paler edges: tail brown: legs dufky.

This was met with at Aoonalafbka, and Sandwich Sound, by our=

late voyagers, A. {pecimen is now in the collection of Sir Fofeph’
Banks..

brown

ENGTH feven- inches.. Upper parts of the body, and’
tail, plain brown, with a rufous tinge: the under parts dufky
white, dafhed with blackith, as-in the laft-defcribed: the middle:
of the belly plain dufky white. .
Brought from Aconala/bka with the laf...

Black-crowned Hinesol Ar: Zool. 2°

Lev. Muf--

EN GT Hi feven inches, Bill rather’ fhort,.dufky: crown:

of the head of a fine yellow: forehead, and through the eye, .
black, pafling to the hind head, which is afh=coloured: the upper
parts of the body are reddith brown, marked down the middle of
each feather with dark brown + coverts and: quills fringed on the
edges with a paler colour: rump pale olive brown: chin dirty
white :

PI. XLV.

Ge: yee f Yu WW ang.

C

you Ni or NM) |G.

white: throat, breaft, and belly, afh-colour, marked down the
middle of the Jaft with pale yellowifh buff-colour: tail even at
the end, and of a plain brown: legs brown: claws dufky.

Inhabits the Sandwich Iflands. 1 have feen alfo a bird not
very unlike that, which was met with in Nootka Sound. This
had the crown black, and a fpot of yellow on the fore part only:
a double line of white on the wings: the belly in that bird was
alfo white. I take this to differ only in fex from the firft.

Alia Emberize fpecies, &c. N. C. Petr. xv. p. 486. pl. 25. f. 2. (7. Le-
pechiz) the male.

Emberiza leucocephala, N.C. Petr. xv. p. 480. pl. 23. f. 3. ( Gmelin.)

Emberiza pithyornus, Pall, Trav. vol. il. p. 710.

I ZE of the Yellow-hammer. Bill dirty white: head faf-
ciated; firft a broadifh hoary ftreak down the middle, on each
fide a black one meeting at the hind head ; below this the nape is
hoary; through the eyes a rufous ftripe; below it, on the
cheeks, a triangular fpot of white, and on the temples one of
black of the fame figure: fides of the neck, and throat, ferrugi-
nous: on the breaft a triangular large fpot: middle of the belly
hoary: fides rufous: vent whitifh: back, and rump, rufous ; the
fhafts of the firft dufky: the coverts, and fecond quills, brown,
edged with rufous: greater quills, and tail, blackifh, with whitifh
margins, the laft forked, and the two outer feathers marked with
white from the middle to the tip on the inner web: legs dirty

avhite: claws dufky.
_ The female is wholly varied with grey and pale rufous: the
Dd 2 Shafts

903

Prace,

PINE 8.

DeEscREPTIONe

Yewae,

204

Puace,

Si.
a- CINEREOUS
B.

DascrRipTion.

Femaug,

Be aN ie iN Ge

fhafts of the feathers dufky; beneath, more inclined to rufous.:
bottom of the belly dirty white: the reft as in the male.

Gmelin met with this at Afrachaz, and on the fhores of the
river Don, among the reeds.

I believe it to be the fame bird mentioned in Pallas? Travels,
above-quoted; but in the defcription of the laft, the patch of
black on the temples is not mentioned. This is alfo found in the
pine forefts of Sibiria, even the moft northern parts. Has the
note of a Reed Sparrow.

It is found throughout Sidivia, from the Uralian chain quite to
the Lena, pretty common; but is not in Raffa, though fome-
times found in winter about the Ca/pian Sea *..

Le Bruant de Canada, Brif- orn. iii. p. 296. 11. pl. 14.) fr.
Le Cul-rouffet, Buf. oi/. iv. p. 368.—<Ar&. Zool.,
Bre Muf. Lev. Mus.

IZE of the Yellow-hammer: Jength five inches and a half.
Bill pale brown: the upper part of the head chefnut, with a
dafh of brown down the middle of each feather: the reft of the
upper parts the fame, but more inclined to grey: the rump
wholly grey: upper and under tail coverts rufous white: the un-
der parts of the body are dirty white, marked with chefnut fpots :
quills, and tail, brown, edged with reddifh grey: legs pale:
brown.
The female is more inclined to grey..

* Mr. Pennant:
Inhabits

Psy TF we N G

Inhabits America. Comes from the north into New York in
March, and frequents the bottoms of the Red Cedars. Seldom
feen above a foot from the ground.

Le Bruant bleu de Canada, Brif. orn. iii. po 298 12> pl. 14. f. 2.
L’Azuroux, Buf. oif..iv. p. 369.
Blue Bunting, 4rd. Zool.

M ALLER than the laft: length four inches and a quarter.
Bill pale brown: crown dull rufous: the upper parts of the
neck, and body, mixed dull rufous and blue; beneath, the fame,
but the rufous colour pale: greater coverts, quills, and tail,
brown, with the outer edges rufous: legs pale brown.
Inhabits Canada.

Le Tangara bleu deda Caroline, Bri/. orn. ill. p. 13. 6.
Le Miniftre, Buf. oi. iv. p. 86.
Blue Linnet, Caze/o. Car.i. pl. 45.—<Ar&. Zool.

Lew. Mufe

1ZE of a Sifkin: length five inches. Bill deep lead-colour:

the whole of the plumage of fine blue; the top of the head
deepeft: greater quills brown, edged with blue: tail brown,
with a light tinge of blue: legs brown.

The female differs from the male, as it is much like the Linnet
in colour. The male is like the female in moulting-time, and is
only blue when in full plumage. It may alfo at that time be
known from the female, as the edge of the wing is of a deep
brownifh blue, whereas in the female it is greenifh brown.

This.

205

PLACcBa

5Z.
BLUE B.

DESCRIPTION.

Prack> |

53- f
+ INDIGO: B,

DEscriPPion.
ee
by,

FREMALS.

“SB 4e
ute PAINTED B.

DascriPTrion.

ee ON en) NG Ge

“This inhabits Carolina, where it is called by fome Te Parfon* ;
by others The Bifbop+. It is chiefly found in the inner parts, an
hundred and fifty miles from the fea, and frequents the moun-
tains. Is faid to fing like our Linnet.. The Spaniards at Mexico
call it Azul lexos, or far-fetched Blue-bird. It feeds on millet.

‘It is common at Mew York: comes the beginning of Apré/, and

frequents orchards when in bloom. %

Emberiza Ciris, Liz. Sy. i. p. 313.24. (themale.) AG. Stockh. 1750, Pe
278. pl. 7.f. 1. 2

~Tanagra Cyanea, Liz. Sy/. 1. p. 316. 6. (the female).

Fringilla maripofa, Scop. ann. i. N° 2226

Le Verdier de la Louifiane (dit le Pape) Brif. ora. ill. p. 200. 55. App.
Pp: 74. — Buf. oif. iv. p. 176. pl. g.— Pi. enl. 159. f. 1. 2. (male and
female).

-China Bulfinch, A/din. iii. pl. 68.

Painted Finch, Catefo. Car..i. pl. 44. (the male).—Blue Linnet, pl..45. (fe-
male),—Edw. pl. 130. (male). 273: (female).—4rd&. Zool.

Br. Muf. Lev. Muf.

IZE of a Hedge Sparrow: length five inches and a third.
Bill grey brown: irides hazel: the head and neck are violet :

round the eyes red : upper part of the back, and fcapulars, yellow
green: the lower part, rump, and all beneath, red: the leffer
-wing.coverts violet brown, with a tinge of red; the greater of a
.dull greenifh colour: quills brown, with the edges of fome

ereenifh, of others red: the taikis brown; the two middle fea-
thers incline to red, and the others margined outwardly with

the fame.: legs brown.

“© Le Miniftre, 27:2, des oi/- + L’Eveque, id.
The

Bo UN BF hi Ne Gk

The female is dull green above, and beneath yellow green: -
quills brown, fringed with: green: the tail_is alfo brown and
green mixed.

This bird varies exceedingly: neither fex gets the full plu-

mage till the third year. In the firft, both male and female are

brown: the male has the blue head the fecond, but the reft of ’
the plumage blue green: the wings, and tail, brown, edged with
blue green. The female, at that time, inclines greatly to blue.
Befides this, they moult twice in a year.. Hence it is not won-
derful, that {carce any two birds are quite alike.

Thefe birds inhabit the warmer parts of Canada, and all the”

parts between that and Mexico, Brafil, Guiana *, &c, At Ca-

rolina none are feen near inhabited” parts, nor nearer than -

an hundred and fifty miles from the fea. They build on the
orange and other trees, but are feen there only in fummer. May

be fed on millet, Juegory, and other feeds; and frequently are: to :

be met with in cages in England. .

The Dutch find«means to breed thefe birds in Holland, like
Canary, and other birds; but f never heard of this‘being done in»
England.

One variety of.this bird has-the under parts yellowish, except =

** Bancroft talks of a bird called Kifbeé Kijfbee, at’ Guiana, which he fays ex-

ceeds all the feathered tribe, The feathers are 2 confufed affemblage of all
the moft lively and beautiful colours in nature. Among thefe, yellow, fcarlet,.-,

green, and a blackifh purple,. or indigo colour, have the-greateft fhare. Be-

fides thefe, there are white, black, and blue.—Thefe birds are brought by the -

Accawax Indians from.the inland parts of the country ; and the commen price ~
is two piftoles a pair; but he adds, that many ineffectual attempts have been :
made to convey them to Ho//and.—If it is not the bird in queftion, I know not: -

what elfe it cai be..

a {malb :

207

FEMALE.

PLace AND’
Manners.

208

5ibis
RED-RUMPED

DescriPtTion.

PLACE.

BAU NE GN NU G:

a finall fpot of red on the breaft, which only lafts #or a time.
The following moult it difappears, and, inftead of it, the whole
under fide is whitifh ; and the male greatly refembles the
female.

It is perhaps this variety, or one greatly refembling it, which
caufed Linneus to fay that the female is blue all over, except the
belly, which is white.

The Spaniards call thefe birds by the name of Maripofa; the
Englifb, Nonpareil. Will frequently live eight or ten years.

” Le quadricolor, Buf. oi/. iii. p. 467. N° 15.
Gros-bec de Java, P/. enl. 101. f. 2.

ATHER lefs than the laft: length five inches. Bill dufky:
the head, and neck, blue: back, wings, and end of the tail,
green: upper part of the tail, and its coverts, and the middle of
the belly, red: the breaft, and lower part of the belly, pale
brown: legs pale flefh-colour.

Inhabits Fava. Buffon draws Albin’s Chinefe Sparrow, and the
Gros-bec de fava of Briffon, as fynonyms to this bird; but thefe
belong to the Malacca Grofleak. The bird here in queftion
feems much to coincide with the Painted B*. We therefore fup-
pofe fome miftake to have happened, in refpect to the notes of
this author.

* In the Planches Exluminéges the crown of the head, and back, are grey: the
neck blue; from thence to the vent pale brown, except a broad bar of red on
the belly juft before the thighs: the upper tail coverts, and bafe of the tail, are
alfo red; the reft of the tail pale brown; the shape of it a little cuneiform.

Le

Be) No Tat. Niu 'G,

Le Verdier de Java, Bri. orn, iii. p. 198. 57. pl. 7. f. 4.
Le Toupet bleu, Buf. off. iv. p. 179.

FITS is fomewhat lefs than the Hedge Sparrow: length
four inches. Bill lead-colour: the plumage on the upper
parts green: lower part of the back, and rump, rufous: upper
tail coverts red: the forehead, cheeks, and throat, of a fine blue,
gradually changing into rufous towards the breaft, which, with
the belly, thighs, and fides, are of this laft colour ; but the middle
of the belly is red: the quills are brown, with green edges: the
tail feathers brown, except the two middle feathers, which are
green, and all of them fringed with red: legs grey.
This inhabits Java, and feems to have great affinity to the laft-
defcribed.

Le petit Verdier des Indes, Bri/- orn. iii. p. 197. 56.
Le Parement bleu, Buf. o7/. iv. p. 1816

IZE of our Greenfinch. Bill greenifh brown: upper parts
of the bird green; the under, white: quills and tail blue,
with white fhafts: legs black.

Inhabits the aft Indies. ,

I have feen one very like this among fome Chinefe drawings.
The bill was black: the upper parts of the body green: the
chin, and rump, greenifh, but very pale: the under parts dufky
white: legs dufky. Length in the painting only three inches
and ahalf. And in another fet of drawings, where the throat
and vent were yellow: rump greenifh: breaft, and _beily,
white.

Vor. Il. Ene L’Emberife

209

56.
BLUE-FACED
B.

DESCRIPTION.

PLace.

57°
GREEN B.

DeEscRIPTIONe

PLACE.

210

53.
PLATA B.

DeEscRIPTION.

PLACE.

59.
BOURBON B.

DescrRiPTION.

PLACE.

60.
RED-EYED B.

DESCRIPTIONe

Boo Man AG) bg iN iG.

L’Emberife 4 cing couleurs, Buf. oi/.iv. po 3640

ENGTH eight inches. Bill cinereous, convex, and
pointed; the edges of the under mandible bend inwards :
irides chefnut: the upper parts of the plumage greenifh brown
verging to yellow, dulleft on the head and rump, and marked
with a few traces of black on the back: the edge of the wing
bright yellow: quills, and outer tail feathers, edged with the
fame: the under parts of the body cinereous white: legs lead-
colour.
This inhabits Buenos Ayres, on the, river Plata, in South Ame-
rica.

Le Mordoré, Buf. of. iv. p. 366.
Bruant de L’Ifle de Bourbon, Pi. ex/. 321. f. 2

His is the fize of a Yellow-hammer: length five inches
and a half. Bill brown: the whole plumage of an high ru-
fous red-colour, except the wings and tail, which are culls red :

legs the fame, but tinged with yellow.
Inhabits the [fle of Bourbon.

Le Calfat, Buf of. iv. p. 371-

IZE between a Linnet and a Sparrow. Bill, irides, and
legs, rofe-colour: head black: all the upper parts of the
body, wings, and tail, blueifh afh-colour; the laft edged with
black : the throat black: breaft, and belly, vinaceous: round
the

Bayo, Nib Tae Wl Niu G:

the eyes naked, and of a rofe-colour: from the gape of the
mouth to the hind head a white ftripe: the under tail coverts
white.

This inhabits the [fe of France, where it is called Gelfat, or
Calfat.

Green-headed Bunting, Brown's Ill. p. 74. pl. 30.

I LL brown: head and neck, as far as the breaft, dull olive
green: back, and wing coverts, dufky brown mixed with
black, paleft on the rump: the reft of the wings, breaft, and
belly, deep brown: tail brown, forked: legs yellowith.
In the collection of AZ. Tunftal, Efquire. That figured in
Brown's Work, was caught in Mary-le-Bon Fields, by a bird-
catcher.

Le Bruant de Surinam, Bri/. ora. iii. p. 302. 15.
Le Gonambouch, Buf. oi/. iv. p. 366.—Seba, i. p. 174. pl. 110. f. 6.

IZE of a Lark: length five inches. The head grey: the

reft of the body pale grey; but the upper wing coverts and
breaft are mixed with reddifh: the quills are white within;
without, grey mixed with red: the tail is not much unlike the
quills.

Inhabits Surinam, where it is common; and is faid to fing as
fine as a Nightingale. Is fond of maize. The natives call it
&onambucho.

Ee2 Le

Piace,

61.
GREEN-
HEADED B.

DeseRIPTion.

62.
GREY B.

DEscRIPTION:

PLACE.

212 B.. UMN; Tee aN) G;

63.
SURINAM B. Le Proyer, Ferm. Surin. ii. p. 200-

DESCRIPTION. IGGER than a Lark, but like it in colour. Bill rather
large, with a knob on the upper mandible, and the fides of
the lower one are higher than ufual, and angular: the chin,
breaft, and belly, are of a whitith yellow, fpotted with oblong
black fpots on the breaft,
PLACE. Inhabits Surinam.

GENUS

fang, ay

Genus XXXVI. TANAGER.,

N° 1. Red-breafted T. N° 20. Spotted T.

2. Brafilian T. 21. Red-capped T.
Var. A. 22. Green T.
Var. B. . 23. Chinefe T.

3. Red TL. 24. Black and blue T.
Var. A. Var. A.

4. Olive T. 25. Grey-headed T.

5. Miffifipi T. 26. Rufous-headed T..

27. Red-headed T.

6. Summer T. 28. Blue T.

7. Grand T. 29. Variable T.

8. Crefted T. 30. Green-headed T..
g. Violet T. Var. A.

10. Black-faced T. Bie Greys iy.
11. Hooded T. 32. Paradife T.
12. Black-crowned T. 33- Black-throated T.
13. Black-headed T. 34. Jacarini T.

14. Furrow-clawed T. 35. Golden T.
15. Guiana T. Var. A.
16. Turquoife T. 36. Negro T.
17. St. Domingo T. 37. Rufous-throated T..
18. Bifhop T. 38. Black T.
1g. Sayacu T. 39. White-bellied T..

6

Var. A. Variegated T.

Var. B. Mexican T..

Var. A.

49. Military:

I.
f= RED-
BREASTED T.

Description.

FEMALE.

PLACE AND
MANNERS.

Tia Ne VAG Gs ETO:

N° 40. Military T. N° 43. Amboina T.
41. White-headed T. 44. Cerulean T,
42. Yellow T.

ILL conoid, a little inclining towards the point: upper
B mandible flightly ridged, and notched near the end *.

Tanagra jacapa, Lin. Sy/. i. p. 313. 1-
Le Cardinal pourpré, Brif. orn. iii. p. 49. 29. pl. 3. f.2. 3.8 — Phe enl. 128,
feuNen2e
Le Bec d’argent, Buf. oif. iv. p. 259.
Red-breafted Blackbird, Edw. pl. 267.
Br. Muf. Lev. Mu/.

I ZE of a Sparrow: length fix inches and a half. Bill ftout

and black, except the bafe of the lower mandible, which is
fingularly rounded at the back part, and broad, and of a fine
white filver polifh: irides brown: the plumage in general is
black, with a purplifh glofs, except the chin, throat, and breaft,
which are of a deep crimfon: the fore part of the head is alfo
crimfon in fome fpecimens, in others not.

The female has not this confpicuous character of the under
mandible marked fo ftrongly as in the male; and the colour of
the plumage is dull purplifh brown ; beneath, reddifh: wings,
and tail, brown: legs in both brown.

This fpecies is common in Cayenne, Guiana, Mexico, and other
parts of America, where it lives on various kinds of fruits only,
and comes frequently near habitations, and into the gardens; and
in general feen in pairs.

* Genera of Birds.
The

aa AMON, A Gee BYR: arg

The female makes the neft of a cylindrical form, a trifle
curved ; fix inches long, and four and a quarter in diameter ; com-
pofed of dried fibres and leaves, and lined with large pieces of the
fame leaves within. This is faftened to the horizontal branch of
fome low tree, the opening beneath. The eggs only two in
number, white, marked with {mall pale red fpots, chiefly at the
large end.

Buffon * mentions a bird of this kind, which is of a pale rofe-
colour mixed with grey, which he thinks may be this fpecies not
in full plumage, or moulting. Perhaps it may belong to the fol-
lowing, as both have the fame kind of bill. 4

The want of the characteriftic in the under mandible in Briffon’s OBSERVATIONS.

plate, and that of the Planches Enluminées, may miflead; but
Buffon apologizes for the laft; and the defcription fo well
-anfwers to the firft, that there is no doubt of the matter.
Edwards’s figure exprefles the bird perfectly. As to the re-
ference to Briffon’s Mufcicapa, by Linneus, it is not the fame
bird. That of Briffon’s is above twice the fize, and a true Fly-
catcher +.

Tanagra Brafilia, Lin. Syf.i. p. 314. 2. 2a
Le Cardinal, Brif. orm. iii. p. 42.24. pl. 3. ft ene enl. 127. f. 1. 156.1. BRASILIAN T,
Tijepiranga, Well. orn. p. 251.

Lev. Myf.

HIS bird is a trifle bigger than a Houfe Sparrow: length Description.
fix inches and a quarter. Bill three quarters of an inch in

* Hifi des oif. iv. p. 262.. + See Purple-throated Fly-catcher, in this Work.

length,

216

PLACE.

Ze
Var. A.

DESCRIPTION.

PLAceEe

2.
Var. Be

DescRiPTION.

TEeLVAY Nib Ans By, Re

length, and black, except the under mandible, which is white
half-way from the bafe: the whole body is of a fine crimfon, ex-
cept the thighs, which are black: the leffer wing coverts black
mixed with crimfon: the reft of the wing coverts, quills, under
wing coverts, tail, and legs, of a full black: the bafe of all the
feathers is alfo black, only the ends being crimfon.

This is the defcription of Briffon. ¢

In the birds that have fallen under my infpection, I find the
colour of the plumage to be brilliant, and the feathers about the
head and neck of a velvety texture; the bafe of the under man-
dible continued backwards quite under the eyes, as in the former
{pecies. ;

This bird inhabits Mexico, Brafil, and other parts of South
America, and, according to our opinion, never yet was feen inCa- —
nada, though Buffon is of a contrary opinion. It is rare in our ca-
binets, in comparifon with the following fpecies, or Red Tanager.

Le Cardinal tacheté, Bri/- orn. ili. p. 44.

ILL black; under mandible white half-way from the bafe :
general colour crimfon: breaft, and upper part of the back,
marked with lunated greenifh {pots: wings, tail, and legs,
black.
Inhabits Brafil.

Cardinal 4 Collier, Brif. orn. iii. p. 45. N° 26.
Rumplefs blue red and black Indian Sparrow, Will. orn. p. 252.

ILL black: near the forehead white: general colour crim-
fon, with two ferni-lunar blue fpots on the fides of the neck :
wings,

ieee OON aA BG) Eo Rs

wings, and tail*, black: leffer coverts, and margins of the firft,
blue: legs fhort and black.
Inhabits Brafi/.

Tanagra rubra, Liz. Syf.i. p. 314. 3-
Cardinal de Canada, Brif. orz. iii. p. 48. pl. 2. £. 5.

IZE of the Sparrow: length fix inches and a quarter. Bill
horn-colour: the general colour of the plumage is pale red:
wing coverts black: quills brown, with the margins of the inner
webs white for three quarters of their length from the bafe; the
two neareft the body black: tail black, a trifle forked, the fea-
thers tipped with white at the ends: legs black.
Inhabits Canada.

Merula Brafilienfis, Razz Syz. p. 66. 8.—Will. ora. p. 195.
Le Scarlat, Buf. oi/. iv. p. 245.
Scarlet Sparrow, Edw. pl. 343.

Br. Muf. Lev. Muf.

HIS, if not the fame, is a mere variety of the laft-defcribed,

as it anfwers the defcription, except in wanting the white

tips to the tail feathers. I obferve that the edge of the upper
mandible is furnifhed with a tharp procefs about the middle.

* Briffin obferves, that it is moft probable that it has a tail, and that it is
black.

Vor. II. Ff - The

Place,

Ze
RED T.

Description.

Puacee

3°
4 Var. A.)

DESCRIPTION.

21g

FEMALEe

Pace.

¢.
OLIVE T.

DeEscRIPTION.

FeMate.

Pace.

eee
MISSISSIPI.T.

DerscrIPTION.

defcribed.

EOIN SA ONG OR OR.

‘The female * is of the fame fize, but wholly of a green colour;
paleft beneath, and inclined to yellow.
Inhabits North America.

L’Olivet, Buf. vif. iv. p. 269.
Olive Tanager, 4r@. Zool.

E AD, upper parts of the body, and wing coverts, olive
green, fading into cinereous towards the rump: quills, and
tail, brown, edged with white: throat, and breaft, of a fine yel-
low: belly white : legs brown,
The female has the wings, and tail, dufky, edged with olive:
under fides of the body pale yellow.
Inhabits Cayenne. Found alfo at New York +, in North America.

Le Tangara du Miffifipi, Buf. oi. iv. p. 252.—PI. enl. 741.
Br. Muf. Lev. Mu,

ob H1S is fomewhat bigger than the Scarlet Tanager. The

bill larger in proportion, of a brown colour, and both man-
dibles fomewhat curved inwards. It differs likewife from that
bird, in having the wings and tail of the fame red colour as the
reft of the plumage, though rather deeper: legs reddith.

— In the colletion of Major Davies.

+ Mr. Pennant. — From their being found at this laft place, and my having
fuch authority for defcribing both fexes, I muft conclude that the fpecies is dif-
tinét ; otherwife I fhould have fufpeéted it to have been the female of the laft-

This

JT

CLE Es
Tarvgale

is le

LD a Dory. Nev Avge GE, ORs

This is found in the neighbourhood of the river Mi/ifipi, and
is faid to fing very agreeably, though much louder than the Scar-
let Tanager. It is faid to collect againft winter a quantity of
maize; and is fo careful of its hoard, as feldom to ftir from the
‘place where it has ftored it up, except to drink: and the quan-
tity has been known to equal a bufhel. It fecures this winter-
magazine by covering it with dry leaves, only leaving a hole for
itfelf to-enter *.

Br. Muf.

I ZE of the laft. Bill brown: the whole plumage variegated
with crimfon and greenifh buff-colour ; the laft occupying in
patches the nape of the neck, the whole’ of the wing, lower part
of the back, and middle of the belly: the tail is half crimfon and
half greenifh buff: legs pale brown.

This and the former feem to be the fame bird in different pe-
riods of age. It is moft likely that the laft-defcribed is the
young bird, though the circumftance has not yet been confirmed
by obfervation.

Le Cardinal du Mexique, Brif. on. iil. p. 46. 272

YLLLE wholly cinereous: irides white: head, wings, and tail,
the colour of an amethyft: hind part of the neck green; un-
der part, and rump, crimfon: beginning of the wings green and
red, mixed: fcapulars yellowihh : each wing feather encompaffed

£ -

* Du Pratz.

Ffi2- with

219

PLACE AND
ManwNeERSe

5.
Var. As
VARIEGATED
4X5

Prate XLVI.

Description.

Be
Var. B,
MEXICAN T.

DescRIPTION,

220 AEs MART A INGS (AME, Gian Ra” IR

with a greenifh line, which runs down from the middle: tail
paleft towards the tip: legs cinereous, inclining to violet.
PLace. Inhabits Mexico, and is probably a further variety.

Mufcicapa rubra, Liz. Syf. i. p. 236. N° 8.

Le Gobe-mouche rouge de la Caroline, Bri/. orz. ii. p. 432 37.

Jie Preneur des mouches rouge, Buf. oif. iv. p. 585.

Summer Red Bird, Cares. Car. i. pl. 56.—Edw. pl. 239.—Aré. Zool.

6.
SUMMER T.

DEscRIPTION. Little bigger than an Houfe Sparrow: length fix inches and
three quarters. Bill yellowith, and rather ftout: eyes large,
and black: the whole bird of a beautiful red, or fearlet, except

the tips of the quills, which are of a dufky red: legs dufky.

Femaug. The female is brown, tinged with yellow.
PLacE. Inhabits Carolina and Virginia in the fummer..
ho Le grand Tangara, Buf. oif. iv. p. 239. ple Ile
GRAND T. 2

‘Fangara des grands Bois de Cayenne, P/. ex/. 205-
Lev. Muf.

Description. SI ZE of a Thrufh: length eight inches and a half. Bill three
quarters of an inch long, ftout, brown: upper parts of the
body olive brown: forehead and fides of the head blue: over the
eye a ftreak of white: on each fide of the under mandible
a black ftreak, like a whifker: throat red; in the middle of the
red a {pot of white: the reft of the under parts pale red: vent
and thighs as deep as the throat: quills and tail like the upper
parts, but paler on the edges; the laft three inches in length:
legs blue.
PLACE. This inhabits the thick woods about Cayenne and Guiana, and
fometimes approaches inhabited and more open fpots, perching
on

ee Ae ON, AY GE. OR.

on the bufhes. The male and female are generally together, and
are very like in colour: they live on fmall fruits and infects :
are called Olive Birds at Cayenne.

I obferve one of thefe in the Leverian Mu/feum, which was of a
dark afh-colour on the breaft.

Tanagra criftata, Liz. Sy/?. i. p. 317. 24.

Le Tangara noir hupé de Cayenne, Bri/. orz. Supp. p. 65. N° 33. pl. 4.
f. 3.

La Houppette, Buf. oi/. iv. p. 240.—Pl, enl. 7. f. 2. & 301. f. 2.

IZE of a Houfe Sparrow: length fix inches and a quarter.

Bill black: the head crefted; the creft orange-colour: chin,
lower part of the back, and rump, pale buff-colour: edge of the
wing, for one inch from the bend, white: a ftreak of white on
the feapulars: the reft of the plumage black: legs lead-colour.

This fpecies feems to vary. That in the PJ. en/. 301. has the
creft erected, and appears ftriped with orange and black: it
wants the buff fpot on the chin: the outer edge of the wing yel-
low inftead of white; and the white on the fcapulars is not a
line, but a large fpot on the upper part of them: the fides of the
vent are ferruginous: the bill and legs brown: otherwife like the
firft.

In a fpecimen at Major Davies’s, the vent is white, and the {pot
under the chin wanting.

Inhabits Guiana, where it is common, and lives on the leffer
kinds of fruits : the note like that of a Chafinch: it is found only
im the more open places.

pps

8.
CRESTED T.

DESCRIPTION»

PLace.

VIOLET T.

DescRIPTION.

FEMALE.

Pace.

10.
BLACK-FACED
T.

DeEscripTion.

FEMALE.

Te AC NY A Gr Bo) Rg

Le Tangavio, Buf. cif. iv. p. 241.—Pl, enl. 710.

ENGTH eight inches. Bill ftout, dufky black: colour

of the plumage a deep violet, with a greenifh caft on the
wings and tail; but on firft infpeétion the bird appears black :
the legs are blackifh; and the claws ftrong and large.

The female has a black head, with a glofs like that of polifhed
fteel: the reft of the plumage dull brown, with a flight glofs -of
black en the upper parts of the body and rump.

Inhabits Buenos-Ayres, in South America.

Le Camail ou la Cravate, Buf. oi. iv. p. 254.
Tangara a Cravate noire de Cayenne, P/. ex/. 714. f. 2.

ENGTH feven inches. Bill three quarters of an inch,
moderately ftrong, and black; the upper mandible whitith
at the bafe: all the fore part of the head, fides, chin, and fore
part of the neck, black, ending in a point on the breaft: the reft

of the plumage afh-colour, paleft beneath; quills and tail

deepeft; the laft rounded in fhape: legs dufky.

The female has the head and fore parts brown, where the other
is black; and the upper parts are of a pale yellowifh afh-colour:
beneath rather paler than the upper parts *.

Inhabits Guiana, where it frequents the open parts, but is not
common.

* Tam indebted, for the defcription of the female, to a collection of birds
lately from Cayenne, where the pairs were tied together, fo that I could not hefi-
tate a moment in pronouncing the laft-defcribed to be the other fex. Bufox
only mentions the male.

La

T AON A G E Ri

La Coiffe noire, Buf. of. iv. p. 284.
Le Tangara a Coiffe noire de Cayenne, P/. eal. 720, £. 2.
Lev. Mu/.

IZ E of a Hedge Sparrow. Bill dufky: top of the head, and
fides, black; this colour goes downwards on each fide of the
neck, and ends in a point near the wings: between the bill and
eye a fpot of white: the reft of the upper parts of the neck,

body, wings, and tail, are of a blueifh afh-colour; deepeft on the-

two laft: all the under parts, from the chin to the vent, are
of a greyifh or filvery white: legs dufky.

Le Tangara cendré du Brefil, Brif. orn, iii. p. 17. N° 9.
Tijepiranga, Raii Syn. p. 89. 1-—Will. orn. p..251. §. 9. (fecond {pecies. ).

IZE of the laft, but wants the black on the head; the upper

parts being wholly of a blueifh afh-colour, and the under

white. This is fuppofed to be the female of the latt..
Both are found in Guiana and Brafi..

Tanapra melanictera, Now. Com. Petr. vol. xix. p- 466. pl. 13. 14,

GIZE of the common Bunting: length feven inches and a
half. Bull of a livid colour; the fides of the under mandible

bent inwards, and the end of the upper one a trifle margined ;

the bafe furnifhed with a few hairs: irides brown: the top of the

head, and fides, beneath the eye, black: hind part of the neck.

and back ferruginous brown, changing to a ruft-colour on the
rump: under parts of the body deep yellow: the wings reach to

the middle of the tail, and are marked with longitudinal whitifh
ftreaks :

223

Il.
HOODED T..
Tue Mate.

DescriPTion.

THE Femate.-

DeEscRIPTIONo-

PLace.

12s
BLACK-
CROWNED T.

DescrRIPTION.

124

FEMALE.

PLAce.

13.
BLACK-
HEADED T.

DeEscR1IPTION.

Piace.

14.
FURROW-
CLAWED T.

DEscRIPTION»

Tie A> Nee AGRE Re

ftreaks: quills brown, with whitifh margins: the tail a trifle
forked, brown, edged with yellowifh white: legs dufky flefh-co-
lour: claws brown.

_ The female is of a dirty ferruginous olive on the upper parts,
fpotted with brown: and beneath of a whitifh yellow.

This fpecies is found in the neighbourhood of the Caucafian
mountains, and Teflis in Georgia: it frequents the Chrifi’s-
thorn *, and makes the neft on the branches of it, which being
well defended with fharp fpines, fecures the brood from birds of
prey. The food chiefly confifts of the feeds of the fame plant.
It is a folitary bird, and the voice not greatly different from that
of the greater Titmou/e.

Le Mordoré, Buf. vif. iv. ps 255.
Tangara jaune a téte noire de Cayenne, P/. enl. 809. f. 2.

ENGT H feven inches. Bill ftout, dufky black: the head,
wings, and tail, are of a fine gloffy black; on the inner edge
of the wing a dafh of white: the reft of the body of a fine reddifh
rufous colour, deepeft on the fore part of the neck and breaft:
the tail is rounded: the legs brown.
Inhabits Guiana, where it is rare.

L?Onglet, Buf. oi/. iv. ps 256.

ENGTH feven inches. The head is ftriped with black
and blue: the upper part of the back blackifh, the lower

* Rhamnus paliurus, Lis.

6 bright

Tae NA GE OR: 226

bright orange: the upper tail coverts olive brown: upper wing
coverts, quills, and tail, black, edged with blue: the under parts
yellow. A fingularity belongs to this bird; which is, that each
claw has a furrow on the fides, parallel to the edge.
Suppofed to inhabit fome part of South America. Puacee .

Tangara noir, & Tangara roux, Buf. oi/. iv. p. 257.
Tangara noir d’Amerique, PJ. ex/. 179. f. 2. (the male.}
Le Tangaroux de Cayenne, Pi: en/. 711. (the female.)

15.
GUIANA T.

EN GT Hi from fix inches and a half to feven inches. The Description.
male is wholly black, except a fpot of white at the inner
bend of the wing.

The female is wholly rufous, inclining to afh-colour beneath * ; Femaue.
the bill dufky : legs yellowifh.
Thefe are common at Guiana, in the more open fpots: live on PLACE.

fmall fruits and infects, like the reft of the genus: have a fhrill
voice, but not what may be called a fong: generally feen in
pairs, two and two together, and never in flocks.

Tanagra Brafilienfis, Liz. Sy/?. i. p. 316. 15.

Le Tangara bleu du Brefil, Brif. ora. ili. p. 9. 4. pl. 1. f. 4—Pl. end.
179. f. 1.

Le Turquin, Buf. oi. iv. p. 258.

Guirajenoia, Rai Syz. ps 170.—Will. orn. p. 241.

16.
TURQUOISE T.

IZE of a Chaffinch: length fix inches. Bill blackifh: the Description.
head, fore part of the neck, and lower part of the back, cine-
reous blue: the hind part of the neck, upper part of the back,

* The tail feems much longer in this laft, than in the male.

Vou. II. Ge and

2.26 A GR IRI «SRY Se an HI |

and round the bill, black: on the breaft there is a fpot of the
fame: the tail and legs are alfo black.
Some of thefe birds have the under parts white, which was the
cafe in that from which Briffon took his defcription.
Pace. Tnhabits Brafi/.

17- Tanagra Dominica, Lin. Sy. i. p. 316. N° 16.
ns Pome ee Le Tangara de St. Domingue, Bri/. orn. iii. p. 37. N° 21- pl. 2. f. 4.—
i PI. enl. 156. f. 2.
L’Efclave, Buf. of. iv. p. 263.

DescriPTion, IZE of a Sparrow: length fix inches and a half. Bill ftout,
and of a greyifh brown: the upper parts of the head and
body olive brown: the under dirty white, with a dafh of brown
down the middle of each feather: quills brown, edged with
olive: tail cinereous brown, a trifle forked ; the two middle fea-
thers are olive brown, and others have the outer margins inclined
to olive: the legs brown.
Piace. This inhabits the ifland of S¢. Domingo, where it is called
L’Efclave.

18. Tanagra epifcopus, Lin. Sy. i. p. 316. N° 196
BISHOP T. ices Bar orn. iil. s 40. p. 23. pl. iy 2.—Pl. enl. 178. f. 1, 2—
Hift. dela Louif. vol. ii. p. 140.—Salern. orn. p. 277. pl. 1g. f. 3-
Le Bluet, Buf. cif. iv. p. 265. pl. 12.
Br. Mif. Lew. Muf.

DescriFTIoN. IZE of the Brambling: length fix inches and a quarter. Bil}
moderate in fize; black ; the under mandible inclined to

grey: the general colour of the bird greyifh blue, inclining to

10 green

"Tia Ar Ni Ay Gi? BR

green in fome parts, and verging to grey in others: the lefier
wing coverts are moft inclined to blue: the legs are cinereous.

The female has the head, neck, and breaft, blue green: belly
grey: back and wing coverts brown: acrofs the laft an ob-
lique greyifh bar: quills and tail black ; the laft is fomewhat
forked.

This fpecies inhabits Cayenne, efpecially about the fkirts of the
forefts, and feeds on the leffer kind of fruits: fometimes found
in large flocks, but obferved to keep two and two together :
roofts of nights on the palm-leaves: and has little or no fong,
except a fharp and difagreeable voice may be called fuch. It is
called by the inhabitants of Cayenne, L’Eveque.

Tanagra fayaca, Lin. Syf.1. p. 316. N° 20.
Le Tangara varié du Brefil, Brif. ora. iii. p. 18. N° 10.
Le Tangara tacheté de Cayenne, P/. en/. 301. f. 1.
Le Syacou, Buf. cif. iv. p. 288.—Raii Syz. p. 89. 3.—Will. orn. p. 256.—
Salern. p. 273. N° 3—Edw. pl. 351. f. 2 *.
Lev. Muf.

ESS than the laft. Bill and eyes black: general colour of
the plumage cinereous, mixed with fea-green, the upper
parts partaking moft of the laft colour; and the bird, if expofed
to the fun, appears very gloffy.
Inhabits Cayenne with the former, but is more rare. It is
called by the inhabitants Sayacou.

* Tam not clear that Edwards means our Sayacou, here defcribed ; as his figure

meafures fix inches and a half, whereas that in the P/. en/. is only four inches
and a half.

Gg2 Tanagra

227

FEMALE.

PLacz AND
Mawnwers.

19.
SAYACU T.

DESCRIPTION.

Pace.

223

20.
SPOTTED T.

DescripTioNe

PLace.

21e
RED-HEADED:

DescrIPTion.

Bi) AG RB Oe Gi By RE

Tanagra punctata, Liz, Sy. i. p. 316. N° 21.
Le Tangara verd piqueté des Indes, Bri/. ora. ili. p. 19. N° 11. pl. 4. f.. 2.
Le Syacou, Buf. oi/. iv. p. 288.
Spotted green Titmoufe, Eda. pl. 262.
Br. Muf.

IZE of a Linnet: length four inches and a half. Bilf
brown: the upper parts are green, mixed with brown: rump
wholly green: chin and throat brown, with the margins of the
feathers whitifh: breaft the fame, mixed with yellowifh: from
thence to the vent yellowifh white, with a tinge of green: quills
and tail brown, edged with green: legs brown.
This is found alfo at Cayenne with the laft, and is moft pro-
bably a young bird, if not the female, but whether of the laft
fpecies is not certain.

Tanagra gularis, Liz. Sy. i. p. 316. N° 13%

Le Cardinal d’Amerique,. Brif. orn, Suppl. p. 67. N° 34. pl. 4-f. 4.
Tangara brun d’Amerique, Pl. eal. 155. f. 2.

Le Rouge Cap, Buf. oif. iv. p. 267.

EN GT H feven inches. Bill brown: the head *, chin, and

throat, are crimfon, which tends to a point at the laft part,

and is there alfo fpotted with purple: the upper parts of the

body, wings, and tail, fine gloffy black, the fhape of the laft

fomewhat rounded, and three inches long: the under parts pure
white: legs dufky.

* In Linneus’s defcription, the head is called: biack, ‘* capite nigro ;”” but I
apprehend this to be a miftake, as he defcribes from Briffon alone, whofe bird
has the head crimfon,

That

py ae u rN toe 5 Ge RS. 7 RR

That figured in the P/. en/. has the upper parts brown, which
Buffon fappofes to have arifen from the painting being taken
from a dead fpecimen; but this is not the reafon merely, fince
the defcription above was alfo taken from the dead bird. I am
inclined therefore to think that the brown one is a mere fexual
difference, if it does not arife from age.

Inhabits Guiana and Cayenne, but is not very common.

Tanagra virens, Liz. Sy/?. 1. p. 317. N° 22.
Le Tangara Verd du Brefil, Bri/. orz. iii, p. 25.—Buf. oi/. iv. p. 268.

Trifle bigger than a Houfe Sparrow: length fix inches and

a quarter. Bill dufky: head and upper parts green : between

the bill and eyes a black fpot, beneath which is a deep blue
band, which extends the whole length of the under mandible :
the throat of a fine black: fore part of the neck yellow: the reft
of the under parts yellowifh green: the upper leffer wing coverts
gloffy fea-green ; the others green: the quills dufky, with blueith

edges: the tail much the fame, but the two middle feathers

greenifh: the legs brown.
This inhabits Mexico, Peru, and Brafil. In Linneus, the cheeks

of the bird are faid to be black ; but I do not find it fo defcribed .

in. Briffon.

IZE of an Houfe Sparrow: length five inches and a half,
Bill red brown, with a yellow tip: the upper parts of the
plumage olive green: between the bill and eye a yellowifh white
fpot: all the under parts yellow, growing pale on the belly and
vent: quills dufky, edged with yellow, inclined to ferruginous

near

Peace.

6226
GREEN T.

DeEscriPTION,

PLACE.

23.
CHINESE T.

DEscRIPTIONy

230

PLACE.

24.
BLACK-AND-
BLUE T,

DescrirTion,

PLace.

TRA ON TA eG) Eve Re.

near the bafe: tail the fame as the quills, and a trifle forked:

legs dufky.
In the collection of Major Davies, who received it from

China.

Tanagra Mexicana, Lin. Syf. i. p. 315. N° 10.

Le Tangara bleu de Cayenne, Brif. ora. iii. p. 6. Nz, pl. u. f. 3.
Tangara tacheté de Cayenne, PI. el. 290. 2.

diable-enrheumé, Buf. cif. iv. p. 27.

Teoauhtototl, Rati Syn. p. 170.

Black and blue Titmoufe, Edzw. pl. 350.

ATHER lefs than the Houfe Sparrow: length five inches.
Bill black : the upper part and fides of the head, the throat,
neck, breaft, lower part of the back, and rump, fine blue:
the hind part of the head and neck, the upper part of the back,
and {capulars, black: the belly, thighs, and vent, yellowifh
white, fpotted with black and blue on the fides, and on the
thighs with black: the upper wing coverts are glofly blue green;
the greater ones black edged with blue: quills black, fome of
them edged with green, and others with white: tail black : legs
black.

This inhabits Cayenne and Guiana, but is not very common.
The Creoles have given it the name adopted by Buffon. If this
be the Zeoaubtotot] above quoted, it is faid to frequent the
fields and mountainous parts of Mexico; to have an agreeable
fong; and is reckoned good to eat.

Le

eo CA UN BA eG) OE OR,

Le Tangara bleu des Barbades, Brif. orn. iii. p. 8. N° 3.—Buf. oif. iv. p.
_ -282.—PI. enl. 155. f. 1.
Paffer Americanus, Seba, vol.i. p. 104. pl. 67. N° 3.

IZE of an Houfe Sparrow: length five inches and a half.
Bill black: head, throat, fore part of the neck, and breatft,
blue: the feathers on the hind part of the neck, back, fcapu-
lars, and rump, black : the wing coverts black, edged with blue:
upper tail coverts green: belly, fides, thighs, and vent, white :
quills and tail black, with purplith margins : legs black.
Inhabits Cayenne; Briffon {ays Barbadoes.

Le Verderoux, Buf. oi/. iv. p. 272-

LENGTH five inches one-third. The general colour is
green, more or lefs dark in different parts, except the fore-
head, each fide of which is rufous; and above this, on each fide,
a band of the fame, which fprings from the forehead, and pafies
backwards to the nape of the neck: the head, excepting thefe
marks, is cinereous grey.
This fpecies inhabits the great forefts of Guiana, where it is
fomewhat rare.

Tanagra Cayana, Lin. Syft. i. p. 315. N° 8.

Le Tangara vert de Cayenne, Bri/. ora, iii. p. 21. N° 12. pl. 4. f, 3-

Le Paffe-vert, Buf. dif. ii. p. 4943 iv. p. 273. ‘

Moineau a téte roufle de Cayenne, PJ. ex]. 201. f. z. (the male).

Tangara a téte rouffe de Cayenne, P/. el. 290. f. 1. (the female).
Br. Muf. Lev. Mu/.

IZE of a Linnet. Bill, dufky: top of the head rufous :
fides of it black: the hind part of the neck, lower part of
the

231

24.
Var. A,

DEscRIPTION.

Place.
25.
GREY-HEADED
kT

DEscRIPTIONs

Place.

26.
RUFOUS-
HEADED T,

DescriPTions

232

PEMaLe.

PLACE AND
MANNERS.

26.
Var. Ae

DESCRIPTION.

a ae NG AEG SE Re

the back, and rump, of a pale gilded yellow, with a tinge of
green in fome lights: the upper parts of the back, fcapulars,
and upper tail coverts, green: beneath, the throat is blue
erey: the reft of the under parts confufedly mixed with pale
gilded yellow, rufous, and blue grey, each appearing in different
lights: the quills and tail are brown, edged with gilded green :
legs dufky.

The female has the crown rufous, as in the male: the upper
parts of the plumage plain green: the under of a dull yellow,
mixed with a tinge of green.

In fome fpecimens, the rufous part on the head extends farther
down than in others; and in fome birds this colour is alfo feen
on the breaft and belly, and again on the upper parts of the
body, and the green colour now and then changing into blue.

This fpecies is pretty well known at Cayenne, where the people
eall it, Le Dauphinois. It frequents the open places, and now
and then approaches habitations: it feeds on fruits, and, among
others, is peculiarly fond of bananas and guavas ; it falls alfo
on the rice-fields, and deftroys great quantities of this grain:
though there muft be numbers to do this, yet they can fcarce
be faid to be in flocks, as they always keep two and two to-
gether, being only guided to one place by the common attrac-
tion of the food they are fond of.

I do not find that it has any other note than a fhort and fhrill
cry.

Le Paffe-vert a téte bleue; Buf. cif. wv. p. 275¢
HIS is very like the laft, but the head is of a fine bright
blue colour: the back is greenith yellow: fore part of the
neck, the breaft, and belly, of a gilded yellow: the wings and

tail plain ereen.
P = Tanagra

7 WAN WAG ORR.

Tanagra gyrola, Liz. Sy?.i. p. 315. N° 7.
Le Tangara verd de Perou, Brif. orn. iii. p. 23e N° 13. pl. 4. fi 16
— de Perou, PJ. enl. 133. f. 2.
Le Rouverdin, Buf. oi. iv. p. 286.
Fringilla viridis, capite fpadiceo, &c. N. Com. Petr. vol. xiv. Pp. 4320 40
pl. 15. f. 4. var.
Red-headed Greenfinch, Edw. pl. 23.
Br. Muf. Lev, Mu.

IZE of a Linnet: length four inches three quarters. Bill
horn-colour: general colour fhining green: the whole head
rufous: breaft pale blue: on the upper part of the wing a {pot
of yellow: quills and tail brown, edged with green, and the
two middle feathers of the laft wholly green: legs pale brown.
Inhabits various parts of South America, Cayenne, Guiana, &c.
It is met with twice or three times in a year at this laft place,

frequenting large trees, which grow in the forefts in great num-

bers, to eat the fruit thereof; difappearing as often as fuch
fruits begin to fail them: they are feldom met with near the
inhabited places.

That defcribed in the Peter/b. Tran/. had the ace: of a pale
chefnut.

The head of that figured by Edwards was of a dull {carlet,
and the neck furrounded by a yellow ring, the breaft blue, and
the reft of the body green: differences not fufficient to ferm two
fpecies.

Vou. II. Hh Le

233

oe
RED-HEADED

Descrirrion.

PLacEe anb
MANNERS»

234

28.
BLUE T.
DESCRIPTION.

PLacks

- 200
VARIABLE. T.

DESeRIPTIONe

20.
GREEN-
HEADED T.

DeEscRIPTION.

Tyee AN ce, aR

Le Paffe bleu, Buf. oif. iii. p. 495.
Moineau bleu de Cayenne, Pl, ent. 203. f. 2.

IZE of a Sparrow: length five inches. Bill dufky: general
colour of the plumage blue: legs reddifh brown.
Inhabits Cayenne. Buffon feems to think it a variety of the
others, but it feems to be a larger bird.

Br. Muf.

IZE ofa Linnet: length four inches and a half. Bill horn-
colour: general colour of the plumage green, very gloffy and
variable, appearing in fome lights blue, and in others brown :
between the fhoulders much darker than the reft; and towards
the rump pale green: through the eyes a ftreak of black: quills
and tail dufky, edged with green: legs pale.
Inthe Briti/o Museum. Native place not mentioned.

Le Tangara varié a téte verte de Cayenne, Bri/. orn. Suppl. p. 59. pl. 4. f. 1.
—PI. enl. 33. f. 1.
Le Tricolor, Buf. oi/. iv. p. 276.

S! ZE of an Houfe Sparrow: length five inches and a quarter.
Bill black ; the bafe of it furrounded with black feathers:
general colour of the bird green : the head of a pale fea-green:
upper part and fides of the neck green gold: the chin the colour
of the head: on the throat a large fpot of black: the upper
part of the back is alfo black: the lower, and rump, orange
2 yellow :

oe AG JE OR.

yellow: fore part of the neck and breaft fea-green, feparated
from the black on the throat by blue: belly, fides, thighs, and
vent, bright yellowifh green: the leffer and middle wing coverts
violet blue: the greater coverts greenifh black, with the outer
margins green: quills much the fame: tail not unlike the quills,
marked with a fmall violet blue fpot on the outer margin near
the tip: the fhape of the tail a little forked: legs lead-colour.

7 XGA

Le Tangara varié 4 téte bleue de Cayenne, Bri/. orm, Suppl. p. 62. pl. 4. f. 2.
—PI. eal. 33. £. 2.
Le Tricolor, Buf. cif. iv. p. 276.

S IZE of the laft. Bill the fame, and furrounded in the fame

manner with black at the bafe: forehead of a pale green:
crown of the head and throat violet blue: fides of the head
orange red, paffing to the back part of the neck, which is of the
fame colour: the upper part of the back black: reft of the
body green: acrofs the wing coverts a ftripe.of yellow: quills
and tail much as in the laft, but the coverts are not blue.

Thefe two birds are, without doubt, the fame, differing only
in fex ; but which of them isthe male is not afcertained.

Both of them came from Cayenne*, but the manners quite un-

known.

© Buffon mentions, that one of the laft is in the cabinet of M. Auédri, and
called Le Pape de Magellan; but it {carce can be thought that the one came
from the laftenamed place, if the other be a native of Cayenne,

Hh2 Le

30.

Var. A.

DescriPrion.

PLaces

236

ZI.
GREY T.

DescripPTion.

PLACE.

32.
PARADISE T,

DEscRIPTION,

SBS Sc MIN) VDA RRR «a

Le Gris-olive, Buf, vif. iv. p. 277.
Tangara olive de la Louifiane, Pl. en/. 714. f. 1.

IZE of the White Throat : length five inches. © Bill black :

the forehead and between the eyes grey: colour of the upper
parts greyith olive; of the under, grey: wings dufky black, edged
with grey; the quills darkeft: tail as the quills: legs dufky
brown.

Inhabits Guiana, and is alfo found in Louifana.

Tanagra tatao, Liz. Sy. i. p. 315. N° 11. j
Le Tangara, Brif. orn. iii. p. 3. N° 1. pl. 1. f. 1.—Pl. ent, N? 7. fi 1
127. f. 2.—Raij. Syn. p. 84. 13:— Will, orn. p. 243.
Le Septicolor, Buf. vif. iv. p- 279. pl. 13..
Titmoufe of Paradife, Edw. pl. 349,
Br. Muf.. Lev. Muf:

OMEWHAT lefs than a Goldfinch : length near fix inches.

Bill black: the upper part and fides of the head yellowith
green ; the feathers fmall, and feem diftinét from each other : the
hind part of the head and neck, the upper part of the back, and
fcapulars,; of a velvety black: the lower part of the back and
rump of a bright fire-colour, verging to orange towards the
tail: the throat and fore part of the neck gloffy violet blue:.
breaft, belly, fides, and vent, fea-green: thighs dull green::
the leffer wing coverts green gold’; the middle ones blue; and
the greater violet blue: the quills black, with. blue margins:
the fecond quills, tail *, and legs, black.

* In P/. enl. vii. f. 1. the tail is green and red; but this was copied from a
fpecimen which had a falfe tail added ta it, and is not therefore to be regarded.

Lift. des oif~
10 The

MRR IN) ge. MGs ORG

The females, and young males, differ from the above defcrip-
tion, as they have not the fiery colour on the lower part of the
back : the male gains this at a mature age, butit is ever wanting
in the female, as that part is wholly of an orange-colour, and in
general the whole plumage is lefs brilliant; not but both males
and females vary much, as fome of them have been of a bright
red both on the back and rump, while others have thofe parts
wholly of a golden yellow.

This moft beautiful fpecies is pretty common about the inha-
bited parts of Guiana. It appears in large flocks in the neigh-
bourhood of Cayenne firft about September, and frequents a
particular large tree, which is juft then in flower, and as foon as
the fruit fets, begins its depredations thereon ; it generally ftays
fix weeks, and then paffes elfewhere, but returns again in April
and May, at which time the fruit ripens: it is about this tree
alone that it is found, for it does not frequent others. Thefle
birds may be kept in a cage; will feed on dread and meal; are
faid to have no fong, but only a fhort and fhrill note.

Le Tangara a gorge noire, Buf. oi/. iv. p. 283.
—— olive 4 gorge noire de Cayenne, P/. en. 720. f. 1.

T,ENGTH five inches. The upper mandible black; the
under grey: the head and upper parts of the body olive
green: the throat black: the breaft orange-colour: fides of the
neck, and all the under parts of the body, of a fine yellow: the
wing coverts, quills, and tail, brown, edged with olive: the legs.
blackifh. ?
Inhabits Guiana.

Tanagra

237

FEMALE;

Piace AND
MANNERSe

33°
BLACK-
THROATED T.

‘DESCRIPTIONo

PLACE.

239

34.
JACARINI T.

DEsSCRIPTIONe

FEMALEs

Place AND
MANNERS.

Te WINE A eG TR ai

Tanagra Jacarina, Lis. Sy. i. p. 314. N° 4.

Le Tangara noir du Brefiil, Bri/. orn. iii. p. 28. N° 16.
Le Jacarini, Buf. otf. iv. p. 293.

Moineau de Cayenne, PI. en/. 224.

Jacarini, W7/]. orn. p.258.—Edaw. pl. 306.

IZE of aGoldfinch. Bill thick, afh-coloured : general co-

lour of the plumage black, witha polifhed glofs, and in fome
lights reflecting blue and green: the infide of the wings white:
tail rather forked: legs afh-colour.

The female is wholly grey : the male alfo becomes grey in the
time of moulting, and at times its plumage is part grey, part
black, fo as to give the appearance of a different fpecies.

Inhabits Brafl, where the natives call it Facarini; by the
Portuguefe it isnamed Negretto. ‘Is alfo very common at Guiana,
where it is moftly found on land which is newly cultivated, fre-
quenting fmall trees, particularly coffee-trees ; and is remarkable —
for hopping upwards frequently from the branch, firft alighting
down on one foot and then the other, each leap being accom-
panied by a not unpleafing note, and f{preading out the tail at
the fame time *.

This leaping motion is only made by the male, the female be-
having like other birds. The neft is hemifpherical in fhape, and
about two inches in diameter, compofed of dried herbs, of a
grey-colour. The eggs are two in number, of a greenifh white,
marked with fimall numerous red .fpots, deepeft and moft in
quantity at the large end.

* Hift, des vif.

Tanagra

Tanagra violacea, Liz. Sy/.i. p. 314. N° §.—Mu/f. Adolph. Fr. ii. p. 31.
Le Tangara noir & jaune du Brefil, Brif. orn. iii. p. 31. N° 18. pl.z. f. 2.
Tangara du Brefil, PJ. en/. 114. f. 2.
Le Teité, Buf. oi. iv. p. 295.—Raii Syn. p. 92. 12,
Teitei, Guiranhemgeta, Guraundi, Wil), orn. p. 266.
Guranthé-engera, Perner. Voy. i. p. 185. pl. 3. f. 3?
Paffer € violaceo nigricans, &c. N. C. Petr. vol. xi. p. #31 30 ple 14. f. 30
Golden Titmoufe, Edw. pl. 263. f. 1. _
Lev. Muf.

I ZE of a Canary-bird: length three inches and three quar-

ters. Bill black: the forehead, and all the under parts, are

of a golden yellow; the reft of the plumage black, with the glofs

of polifhed fteel: the inner part of all the quills, except the three

firft, is white from the bafe for two thirds of the length, as are all

the tail feathers, except the two middle ones, which are wholly
black: the legs are black.

The female differs greatly. The upper parts in her are olive
green: the forehead yellowifh : on the chin a fpot of yellow ; the
reft of the throat cinereous: the under parts to the vent yellow-
fh, with a caft of olive: the two outer feathers of the tail white
on the inner margin: the legs brownifh. __

The young of this appears often parti-coloured, blue mixed
with olive green, and the yellow on the forehead very dull ;. but
that on the under parts pretty difting.

The female makes a neft not unlike that of the Facarini, but
chufes leaves of another colour, being reddifh inftead of grey.
The fpecies is very common at Cayeune, Surinam, and Brafil;
frequents the fame places with the Yacarini, and is often feen im
company with that bird; and indeed both together are found

very

35°
GOLDEN T._.

DiscrirtTios.

FEemaLe-

Young

PLack aND
ManneERSe

240 TAN UN AL eG “DEe sR:

very deftructive to the rice plantations, as they fometimes vifit
them in vaft flocks; it feeds alfo on the plants called Paco and
Mamao : is kept often in cages, but not for its fong, as Willughby
obferves that it only chirps like a Redfart*: it is alfo faid, that
they delight to live together five or fix in a cage.

35. Tanagra chlorotica, Lin. Sy. i. p. 317. N° 23.
Var, A. Le Tangara noir & jaune de Cayenne, Bri/ orn. ill. p. 34. N° ig, pl. 2.
fase v
Tangara de Cayenne, P/. ew]. 114. f. 1.
Br. Muf.
DescrIPTION. HIS feems to be only a mere variety of the laft, having

almoft the whole of the crown yellow, inftead of the fore-
head : the under parts are yellow, but only from the breaft, as the
whole chin and neck are black.

36. Tanagra Cayana, Liz. Sy?.i. p. 316. N° 14.
NEGRO T. Le Tangara noir de Cayenne, Bri/. orn. iii. p. 29. N° 17. pl. 2. f. 1
Pl. enl. 114. f. 3. ;
Le Tangara negré, Buf. oi/. iv. p. 297.
Br. Muf. Lev. Muf.

DescriPTion. 1 ZE of the others. Bill and legs duiky : the whole plumage
black, with a refleCtion of blue in fome lights, except the

under part of the wings, and a fmall fpace on each fide of the

breaft at their infertion, which are yellow, but this is fo much hid

* Pernetty fays, it imitates the fong of other birds; but perhaps he may not
ftritly mean our bird, as the Brajfilians call feveral others by the name of
Teiti.

when

tA IN Pk AG UE eR.

241
when the wings are clofed, that the bird appears wholly black:
the inner webs of fome of the quills are white.

Inhabits Brafil, Mexico, and Guiana, but is not very common PLACE.
at the laft place.
37°
y : RUFOUS-
Br. Muf. THROATED T:

SIZE of a Lark: length five inches three quarters. Bill Description.
‘black, not very ftout, and a trifle curved towards the point :
general colour of the plumage of a deep indigo blue, inclining
to lead-colour: wings and tail dufky: on the throat a large ru-
fous patch : legs black.
Inhabits Jamaica. Prace.

Tanagra atrata, Lin. Sy. i. p. 316. N° 9. 38.
anagra atr: in, Sy. 1. Pe 315 9 BLACK T.
S! ZE of a Thrufh: the colour of the plumage wholly black, Description.
with a glofs of blue on the back: bill and legs black.
Inhabits the Zaft Indies. Pace,
Tanagra albiroftris, Liz. Sy#. 1. p. 315. N° 123 316. N° 18.—Mauf. Adolph. 39-
nee P+ Ble ere 2 faster WHITE-
BILLED T.
IZE of a Starling, or bigger. Bill white, bare at the bafe; Description.

pretty thick, as in the Grofbeck genus, but long as in the
Starling, though thicker: general colour of the plumage black :
the bottom of the feathers on the back white: the rump above

and beneath fulvous yellow: on the wing coverts a fulvous

Vou. II. i {pot :

242

PLACE:

40.
MILITARY T..

DuscrrPTion.

Prace,

TA NAG & OR,

fpot: quills black: tail even, yellow; the end half towards the
tip black : claws ftout *.
Inhabits America.

‘Fanagra militaris, Lin. yf. i. p. 316. N° 17.—Muf. Adolph Fr. ii. p. 30,

Emberiza militaris, dman acad. iv. p. 241.

Le Cardinal brun, Brif. orm. iii. p. 51. N° 30.

Troupiale de Cayenne, P/. en/. 236.

Greater Bulfinch, or Shirley, Edw. pl. 82. 342.—Bancroft Guiana, p. 180.
Lev. Mu/.

GIZE of a Lark: length almoft fix inches. Bill pale: the

upper parts of the plumage brown: the throat, fore part of
the neck, and breaitt, crimfon ¢: belly, thighs, and vent, dull
black brown: upper edge of the wings crimfon: legs pale
brown.

Some birds have the margins of the brown feathers paler than:
the reft of the feathers; and fuch are fuppofed to be young birds
by Edwards.

This inhabits various parts of South America, By fome faid
alfo to be met with in China t.

* The fecond of Linnzus, or N° r$. is quoted from the fame: authority ; bue
the patches of colour on the wings, rump, and tail, are faid to be white. It
mutt therefore either be a variety, or double quotation by mere miftake ; and it
feems almoft clear to us, that itis the fame fpecies as one before-defcribed.—See-
Black and yellow Oriole, vol. i. p. 418. Rather, however, than obtrude our
opinion againft that of fo obfervant a naturalift as Lianaus, we fhall fatter it to.

xemain as a fpecies of Tazager.

+ Bancroft calls it Blood-coloxr. 3 Ofbeck Voy. iv p. 3295

Lam

Se AR ON) A ORG. eR RS 243

I am in fome doubt whether this is really a diftin@ f{pecies
from the Guiana Oriole *, vol. i. p. 430. of this Work, as the
markings are pretty nearly the fame; but the one here defcribed
is fhorter by almoft an inch and a half than that referred to, and
the bill is ftouter in proportion, and fomewhat curved at the tip,
efpecially in Edwards’s figure. I have feen this bird, but cannot
at prefent charge my memory with a fufficient idea of the differ-
ence: let others, therefore, judge of this matter for themfelves.
One thing however I cannot allow, which Is, that it is anywife
allied to the Red-winged Oriole +, as Buffon fuppofes {. This laft
bird is never red on the under parts, and the red fpot is chiefly
on the inner leffer wing coverts ; whereas in the bird at prefent
treated of, the ridge of the wing only is red.

Le Tangara 4 téte blanche du Brefil, Bré/- orn. iii. P. 35. 20.

Quatoztli, Seéa, i. p. 58. pl. 36. f. 6. vate
SIZE of the Golden Tanager: length four inches. Bill yellow: Descrierron.
the forehead white: all the upper parts blackifh brown:
throat, and fore part of the neck, pale red: breaft, and wings,
purplifh red: belly, and vent, pale yellow: tail blackifh brown:
legs yellow. ‘
Inhabits Brafil, and frequents the mountainous parts, Ponce:

* Vol. i. p. 430. t Id. p. 428.
ft Hip, des cif. iv. p. 303.

lig ~ Le

244

42.
YELLOW T.

DEscRIPTION.

Prack.

43.
AMBOINA T.

DeEscRIPTIONe

Puace.

GAS IN MORAY TAG BY BRS

Le Tangara jaune du Brefil, Bri. orn. ili. p. 39. 22..
Guiraperea, Raii Syn. p. 89. 4.—Will. orn. p. 256.

IZE of a Lark. Bill fhort, thick, and black: all the upper

parts, and the lower belly, dark yellow, like wax: the fore
parts, to the breaft black: the belly fpotted with black: quills,
and tail, dufky, edged with fea-green: legs afh-colour..

Inhabits Brafil.

Buffon * thinks it more like a Finch. Perhaps it may be al-
lied to the Ye//ow Finch of Bancroft +, which he fays has a bill
like the Blue Finch ; the body of a lively yellow; but the quills,
and tail, variegated with green.

In compliance with Briffon, I retain it among the Tanagers.

Le Tangara bleu-d’Amboine, Bri/. orn. ili. p. 12: 50
Avis Amboinenfis, Ca/atti dita, Seba, i. p. 63. pl. 38. f. 6.

I ZE of a Lark: length fix inches and three quarters. Crown
of the head black: the reft of the upper parts variegated with
black and blue: rump, and upper tail coverts, pale blue green:
cheeks, and beneath to the breaft, blue: belly, thighs, and vent,
white: upper wing coverts blue, marked with a fpot of purple:
quills variegated with blue, black, and green: tail brown, tipped
with pale rufous, inclining to grey.
Inhabits Améoina.

© Hifi. des vif. iV. Pe 3000 + Hifi. of Guiana, p. 180.

3 Le

Tie Aan Nee Ae (Ge Re 245

Le Tangara bleu de la Nouvelle Efpagne, Bré/- orz. ili. p. 15. 7+

44-
CERU ;
Xiuhtotot!, Fern. Hi?. N. Hip. p. 13. ch. 120. PEE

I ZE of the Houfe Sparrow. Bill brownifh: general colour Description.
of the plumage blue, with a little mixture of fulvous: wings
partly blue partly fulvous, with a little mixture of black: tail
black, tipped with white: legs grey.
Inhabits New Spain. Piace,
It is called by fome Elototot/. Is faid to fine well, and ac-
counted good food.

Genus

N° i.

0M ON Aw Bw

I

{ 246 j

Genus XXXVII.

Houfe Sparrow.

Var. A. White ditto.
Var. B. Yellow ditto.
Var. C. Black ditto.

ree Sp.

. Black-faced F.

. Ring Sp.

. Foolith Sp.

. Speckled Sp.

. White-tailed Sp.
. Short-tailed Sp.
. Dalmatic Sp.

. Chaffinch.

Var. A.
Var. B.

Var. C.

Il.
12.

13.

14.
ts.
16.
a7.

Crimfon-crowned F.
Arétic F.
Brambling.

Var. A.

Var. B.

Lapland F.

Snow F.

Mountain F.

Capfa. F.

Fol N(CH.

N’ 18
19.
20.
. Gloffy F.

Crefcent F.
Beautiful F.
Rufous-chinned F.

Var. A.

. Black and orange F.
. White-breafted F.
. Cowpen F.

. Bonana F.

. Grey-headed F.

. Savanna F.

. Scarlet F.

. Crimfon-headed F.
. Red-breafted F.

. Ferruginous F.

. White-throated F.
. Fafciated F.

. Grafs F.

. Cinereous F.

- Norton F.

- Winter F.

. Striped-headed F.
- Purple F.

- Orange F.

. Surinam F.

42. Long-

N°’ 42. Long-billed F, N° 61. Chinefe Sifkin.
43. Chinefe F. 62. Canary F.
44. White-cheeked F. Var. A. Mozambique F’.
45. Black-headed F. 63- Serin F.
46. Brown F. 64. Citril F.
47. Euftatian F. 65. Saffron-fronted F.
48. Variegated F. 66. Autumnal F.
49. Frizzled F. 67. Lepid F.
50. Collared F. 68. Yellow F.
gt. Goldfinch, 69. Bahama F.
Var. A. 70. Black-collared F.
Var. B. 71. Ultramarine F.
Var. C. 72. Tripoline F.
Var. D. 73- Linnet.
Var. E. _ 74. Greater Redpole.
Var. F. 75. Leffer ditto.
Var. G. 76. Mountain Linnet.
Var. H. : Var. A. Twite.
g2. Green Goldfinch. 77+ Strafburg F.
53- Red-faced F. 78. Angola F.
54. Parrot F. 79- Dufky F.
55- Red-headed F. 80. Long-tailed F.
56. Lulean F. 81. Blue-bellied F.
57- American Goldfinch. 82. Amaduvade F.
58. Sifkin. ; Var. A.
Var. A. $3. Senegal F.
Var. B. 84. White-eared F..
Var. C. 85. Cape F.
g9- Mexican Sifkin. 80. Cuba F..
6a. Black ditto. 87. Brafilian F.

2 §8. Ceylon

248

I
HOUSE SPAR-
RO

‘DESCRIPTION.’

‘FEMALB.

Fo lee GC HH.

N° 88. Ceylon F. N° 93. Azure-headed F.
89. Brown-throated F. 94. Blue-crowned F.
go. Fire F. 95. Lunar F.
g1. Blue-faced F. g6. Green-rumped F.

g2. Blue-headed F.

‘y IRDS of this genus have the bill perfectly conic, flender

towards the end, and very fharp-pointed: differing from the

Grofbeaks ; in which the bill is rounded from the bafe to the point
of each mandible.

Fringilla domeftica, Liz. Sy. i. p. 323. 36.— Faun. Suec. 242. — Scop. ann.
i. N° 220.—Brun. N° 264.—Muller, N° 263.—Kram. el. p. 369. 10.
-—Olin. uc. pl. in p. 42.—Frifch. pl. 8.—Georgi Reife, p. 174+

Le Moineau franc. Bri/. orn. iii. p. 72. 1.— Buf. cif. iii. p. 474. pl. 29.
f. 1.—Pl. en. vi. f. 1. (the adult). 55. f. 1. (the young bird).

Houfe Sparrow, Raii Syn. p. 86.— Will. orn. p. 249. pl. 44. — Albin. i.
pl.62z.—Br. Zool, N° 127. pl. 51.—<4r&. Zool.

Bro Muf. Lev. Muf.

S IZE well known: length five inches and three quarters. Bill
rather ftout, dufky, the bafe yellowifh: irides hazel: the ge-

neral colour on the upper parts reddifh brown mixed with black 5

the under, pale dirty afh-colour: crown of the head afh-colour :

‘between the bill and eyes, and round the laft, black: chin,

and fore part of the neck, black, a little intermixed with grey :

‘wing coverts chefnut and black mixed, with a paler bar acrofs
‘them: quills dufky, with rufous edges: tail deep brown edged
‘with grey, and a little forked: legs grey brown.

The female, above, is of the fame colour as the male, but much
more

BSD NG MiG: 2 RT,

more obfcure: behind the eye a white ftreak: no black on the
throat: the under parts dingy white, or pale afh-colour.

This bird is well known, being everywhere common about our
houfes, where it builds in every place it can find admit-
tance ; under the roof, corner of the brick-work, or hole in the
wall*. Makes a flovenly neft: generally a little hay, ill put to-
gether, and lined well with feathers. The eggs are five or fix in
number, of a reddifh white colour, fpotted with brown. Will
fometimes build in the neighbouring trees; but in this cafe take
more pains with the neft; and will not unfrequently drive the
Martins from theirs, to fave the trouble of conftructing one of
their own. Has in general three broods in a year.

This fpecies, from frequenting only habitations, and parts ad-
jacent }, may be faid to be chiefly fed from human induftry ; for,
in fpite of every precaution, it will partake with the Pigeons,
Poultry, &c. in the food thrown out to them ; grain of all kinds
being the food beft adapted to its tafte {; not but it will eat
worms, and refufe from the kitchen of moft kinds. It is a fami-
liar but crafty bird, and will not fo eafily come into a fnare as
many others. In autumn often collect into flocks, and rooft in

* Many people have {mall pots faftened againft their houfes, for thefe birds to
build in. ;

+ Itis found among the rocks beyond Lage Baikal, and in the fouthern
mountains ; but it is faid, that in the greateft part of Sibiria there were none,
before the Ruffans began to cultivate there.—Mr. Pennant.

Tt is an extreme fcarce bird in fome of the vales about the Ke/wicd mountains,
where there is little grain, and few inhabitants.—Dr. Hey/ham.

} It has been calculated, that a Sparrow will confume twenty pounds of wheat
in a year.

Vot. Il, Kk numbers

249

PLace anp
Manners.

250

Te
Var. A.
+ WHITE
SPARROW.

DescripTion.

VARIETIES.

Bee Ll Ne Git

numbers on the neighbouring trees, when they may be fhot by
dozens, or of night caught in great numbers by a bat fowling-
net. The flefh is accounted tolerable by many; but far lefs
efteemed than that of many other birds.

This Sparrow has no fong, only a chirp or two frequently re-
peated, and far from agreeable.

I believe this fpecies to fpread everywhere throughout Europe ;
and is alfo met with in Egypt, Senegal, Syria *, and other parts of
Africa and Afia.

Le Moineau blanc, Bri/. orn. iii. p. 77. A.
Paffer albus, A/drov. av. ii. pl. in p. 566.—Scop. ann. i. p. 149.
Br. Muf. Lev. Muf.

HIS bird has a yellow bill and irides, and the plumage
wholly white.

White Sparrows are to be feen both in the Britifh and Leverian
Mufeums; but the laft contains many varieties SPN to
or mixed with white.

The firft, brown above; beneath, dirty white.

Another, marked as in common, very Pale but fome of the
quills white.

A third, the upper parts very pale, almoft white: the under
parts as in common.

Fourth, everywhere of a pure white, except a rudiment of
black on the throat, fhewing it to have been a male.

® Found at A/eppo.—Rufell’s Alep. p. 70.
Fifth,

De atm ne" (EF og

Fifth, pure white, with a fpot on the crown: the nape of the
neck, and the back, brown. One like this is alfo in the Britifh
Maufeum.

Le Moineau jaune, Bri/. orn. iii. p. 78. a A
Paffer flavus, Aldr. av. ii. p. 5575 pl. in ditto. YELLOW.
Lev. Muf.

HIS is yellow, with a tinge of chefnut on the upper Description.
parts. ;
That in the Leverian Mufeum is wholly of a yellow cream-
colour.

Te
Var. C.
Br. Muf. Lev. Muf. 4 BLACK.

N the Leverian Mufeum is more than one fpecimen of a Black Description.
Sparrow : the bill of adeep yellow in one of them.—I believe
that this variety is full as common as the white one; as I have
had three brought to me within thefe few years. All of them
were fhot at Jarge, and therefore could not be the effect of keeping
in a cage, on improper food. I have likewife two fpecimens of
white ones, both fhot w//d in the neighbourhood.

Kka Fringilla

252

2e
+ TREE F.

DescripTioNe

FEMALEs

PiacEe anb
MANNERS.

Be Ty Ne ie «Ets

Fringilla montana, Lin. Sy/f.i. p. 324. 37-—Faun. Suec. 243.-—-Seop. ann. is -
Ne 221.—Brux. N° 267.—Muller, N° 264.—Olin. uc. pl. in p. 48.—
Kram. el. p. 370. 11.—Frifch. pl. 1.

Le Moineau de Montagne, Brif. orn. tii. p. 79. 2.

Le Friquet, Buf. otf. iii. p. 489. pl. 29. f. 2.—Pl, enl. 267. £. 16

Paffer montanus, Razi Syn. p. 87, 15.

Mountain Sparrow, Will. orn. p. 252. pl. 45. — Albin. ili. pl. 66. — Eaw.
pl. 269. (male and female.)

Tree Sparrow, Br. Zool. i. N° 128. pl. 52.—Aré. Zool.

Br. Muf. Lev. Muf.

OMEWHAT lefs than our Houfe Sparrow: length five

inches and a half. Bill black: irides greyifh hazel: the
head, and nape, chefnut: the chin black: on each fide of the
head, behind the eye, a fpot of the fame: the upper parts of the
body rufous brown fpotted with black, inclining to greenifh to-
wards the rump: fides of the neck, the breaft, and under parts,
dufky white: wing coverts rufous, edged with black, and croffed
with two bars of white: the greater coverts black, with ferrugi-
nous edges: quills blackifh, with rufous edges: tail even at the
end; colour rufous brown: legs pale yellow.

The female is duller in colour, and wants the black on the
ears and throat. a

This fpecies is found in England, and is in tolerable plenty in
Lancafbire, Lincalnfhire, and York/bire, but not further to the
north of Exgland, or Scotland. It is obferved always to build on
trees, and not in buildings like the How/e Sparrow.

It is much more common on many parts of the Continent than
in England ; Italy, France, Germany, Ruffia, and the eaftern part of
Sibiria. In the laft, much more plentiful than the Houfe Sparrow»
and in many parts even where the laft is not feen.

3 Dr.

He ly Ni - GE. 253

Dr. Forfter * mentions a bird of this kind, in Canada, fix inches
and a half in length, which has no black under the throat and
eyes, and no white collar: the bill and legs black. This arrives
at our fettlements at Severn in May, and goes further north to
breed, and returns in autumn.

Le Friquet huppé, Buf. oi/. iii. p. 496. 30
Moineau de Cayenne, P/. ent. 181. f. 1, 2- BLACK-FACED
Black-faced Finch, 4ré&. Zool. F.

HIS is as big as a Sparrow, and fix inches and ahalf in pgscriptron.

length. The bill is red: the upper parts of the plumage,
wings, and tail, reddifh brown: the under parts, and rump, crim-
fon: the top of the head is crefted, and of the fame colour: fides
of the head, under the creft, black: legs brown.

The fecond figure, or the female, has the top of the head,
round the eyes, and chin, black: neck, as far as the breaft,
crimfon: the rump is alfo crimfon: the upper parts of the body,
wings, and tail, as in the other, but pale: the quills black: on
the breaft a bar of black: the reft of the under parts white, mixed
with a little black at the thighs: legs brown.

Thefe inhabit Cayenne, and are alfo met with in Carolina. PLACE.

FEMALE.

® Phil. Tranf. vol. \xii. p» 405.

ie g Fringilla

254

Ale
RING SP.

DsgscRipTion.

PLAcE.

EY (TANG: kat

Fringilla petronia, Lin. Sy. i. p. 322. N° 30.—Frifeh. pl. ii.

Le Moineau de bois, Bri/. orn. iii. p. 88. 6. ples. f. 3.

La Soulcie, Buf. oi/- ill. p. 498. pl. 30. f. 1.-—P1, enl. 22

Paffer torquatus, Rai Syn. p. 87..6.?

Ring Sparrow, Will. orn. p. 250.

Petronia marina, feu Oenanthe congener, Wil). orn. p. 267.——Raii Syn. 80. 2
g2. 10.

HIS is bigger than the Houfe Sparrow: length five inches
and three quarters. Bill ftrong; the upper mandible
brown, the other pale grey, with a brown tip: the head, and up-
per part of the neck and back, dirty grey {potted with brown:
rump the fame, but not fpotted: all beneath, dirty grey and
white mixed: the fore part of the neck yellow: round the head,
above the eyes, a ring of dirty white *: the wings not unlike the
back: fome of the coverts, and the fecond quills, white at the
ends: quills, and tail, dufky, edged with grey, and all the fea-
thers, except the two middle ones, have a white {pot on the in-
ner t web, near the tip.

This bird frequents Europe, chiefly Coo in fome parts of
which it is pretty numerous.

It is alfo found in Italy; and is migratory, except in the
warmer climates, where it frequents woods, and builds in the
holes of trees. Has one brood in a year, and lays four or five
eggs, At the end of Fuly collects into flocks, and remains fo

* In the Planches Enluminées, the whole-head, above the eyes, is rufty cream-
colour, furrounded by a ring of black, and beneath that a ring of white.

+ Linnzus fays, the ipot is on the outer webs, and the exterior margin of the
outer one white.

5 till

Bae cl os Nie Coe He . 255

till fpring. In the-colder climates fcarce ever feen in numbers
together. Is a tender bird, often being found dead in the hol-
lows of trees in hard winters. It lives both on feeds and
infects *.

One very like this was found in Norton Sound, by our late
circumnavigators.

Le Moineau fou, Brif- orn. iii. p. 87.5.
Paffer ftultus Bononienfium, Raii Syn. p. 87- 1.—O/in. uc. pl. in p. 45.
Foolifh Sparrow, Will. orn. p» 249+

Be
FOOLISH SP.

‘IZ E of the Houfe Sparrow. Above, rufous grey fpotted with Description.
ruit-colour: over the eye a white ftreak, and a yellow fpot
on the throat: beneath, yellowifh: two bands of white on the
wings; and a blackifh tail, edged with rufous.

Le Moineau;de Bologne, Bri/. orn. ili. p. gl. 7- @
Paffer maculatus, Razz Syn. p. 87. 3. SPECKLED SP;
Speckled Sparrow, Will. orn. p. 250. N° 4.

SIZE of the laft. Bill yellow: irides white: head, and neck, DescripTione
the fame, marked with yellowifh fpots: back, and rump,
black, white, and yellowifh, mixed: under parts yellowifh white :
quills dufky : tail, and legs, yellowith.

* Le Moineau de Campagne, ou le Friquet, and le Moineau a Collier, Brif.
ora, ill. p. 82. 85. feem not to differ eflentially from this fpecies.

Me

256 Fo) 1 ON AG EL:

7: Le Moineau de Bologne a queue blanche, Bri/. orn. iii. p. 92. 8.
WHITE- White-tailed S f Ald d, Will. orn. p. 250. 5. — Raii
Pie ay Oia yas o rovand, Will. orm. p. 250. 5 Raii Syr.

DESCRIPTION. TH IS is yellowifh above, fpotted with chefnut, and ftreaked

with white. Head, and under parts, yellowifh white: tail
cinereous white. =

8.
SHORT- Le petit Moineau de Bologne, Brif. ora. iii. p. 93+ 9
TAILED SP. Short-tailed Italian Sparrow, Will. orn. 252. 13.—Raii Syz. 87. 12.
Descrirtion. "¥*H E whole body of this is yellowifh; the breaft, and belly,
paleft : the bill of a deeper yellow.

The four laft are found about Bologna.

Le Moineaud’El{clavonie, Brif. orn. iii. p.94. 10.

Ge
DALMATIC SP.
Dalmatic Sparrow, Will. orn. p. 250.

DescriPTions T HIS is bigger than the Houfe Sparrow. Bill whitifh: the
upper parts of the body reddifh; the under whitifh: tail

forked: legs pale yellow.
Inhabits Dalmatia.

The laft five have only been mentioned in brief, left they
fhould prove to be mere varieties of fome of the fpecies before

defcribed.

Fringilla

eo Ne C EH.

Fringilla celebs, Liz. Sy. i. p. 318. 3.—Faun. Suec. 232. (the male.)

Fringilla fylvia, Lie. Sy. i. p. 318. 3. B.—Faun. Suec. 232. B. (the
female.) —Scop. azn. i. N° 217.—Brun. N° 253. 4.——Mull. N° 255.—
Kram. el. p. 367. 4.—Frifch. pl. 1.—Olin. uc. pl. in p. 31.

Le Pincon, Brif: orn. iii. p. 148. 36.—Buf. cif. iv. p. 109. pl. 4.—P/,
-enl. 54. f. Ie

Chaffinch, Radi Syx. p. 88. 16, A.—Will. orn. p. 253. pl. 45. Albin. Fy
pl. 63.—Br. Zool, i. N° 125.—4r@. Zool.

Br. Muf. Lev. Muf.

IZE well known. Bill pale blue *; tip black: irides hazel :

forehead black: crown, nape, and fides of the neck, blueifh
afh-colour: fides of the head, throat, and fore part of the neck,
reddifh: back chefnut brown, inclining to green on the rump:
belly, thighs, and vent, rufous white: on the wing coverts a large
patch of white; and acrofs the greater coverts a bar of the fame:
quills black, with yellowifh edges; the bafe of them white, form-
ing, when clofed, a fecond bar acrofs the wing: tail black, a
little forked; the outer feather has a longitudinal ftreak placed
obliquely, and the next to it a fpot of white, near the tip of the
inner web: the legs are brown.

The colours of the female are dull, “a incline to green; the
vinaceous red colour is wanting: the breaft and belly dirty
white: the reft not much unlike the male. |

This in England is one of our moft common fpecies: makes
the neft in fome well-clothed bufh, not very high, and compofes
it of fibres of plants and mofs, lining it within with hair, wool,
feathers, &c.: the eggs are five or fix in number, of a pale reddifh

* In fpring and fummer; at other times almoft white.

Vor, II, ; L1 grey,

257

10.
CHAFFINCH.

DeEscRIPTION.

Femace.

PLace AND
OBSERVATIONS»

258

10.
Var. A.

DESCRIPFIONe

Be 1) EN AG FT.

erey, marked with blackith {pots at the large end. The male is
feldom found far from the neft.

The male is accounted among our finging birds, and the note
is very pleafing to fome, but does not continue the whole year:
thofe of Efex are moft efteemed*. With us botli fexes are feen
at all feafons; but in Sweden the males only ftay, the females +
migrating fouthward, to return in fpring{: flocks of females
only have alfo been obferved in Hampjfhire |.

This fpecies is expanded throughout Europe, as far as Gibral-
tar; and is likewife met with on the coafts of Africa, the Cape
of Good Hope §, and other parts 4.

Several varieties of the Chaffinch are mentioned by authors..

Le Pingon 4 Ailes & queue noires, Brif. orm. 153. Av—Bujf. oi/. iv.
2a teen 1G

HE head and neck in this are afh-colour: cheeks brownifh:

back and fcapulars the fame, inclining to afh: rump
ereenifh: the under parts brownifh flefh-colour: the leffer and
greater wing coverts white; the middle ones, quills, and tail,
black; the two outer ones half way white on the outer
margins.

* Barrington’s Effays.

+ Not all of them; as Muller mentions one being fhot in Fanuary. P. 31.

t Amen, Acad. vol. iv. p. 595. N° 127.

|| Br. Zool.—The migration of one fex only is not fingular to this fpecies :
other birds will be mentioned in this work, whofe manners are not unlike in
this particular.

§ Hift. des vif.

@ Found alfo at Aleppo. Ruffel. Alep. p. 70

PL. XLVIL.

C

WALL

(Os C
Chimson = crowwne tt

Hi t Nv Gt Ur 259

Le Pingon blanc, Bri/. orz. iii. p. 154. G. 10.
3 Lew. Mu. VaR. B.
W HOLLY white. DescripTion.

Le Pingon a Collier, Brif. orn. iii. p.. 155. D. 10.
Var. C.

HIS is of the common colour, except the crown of the Description.
- head, and a collar round the neck, both of which are white.

Added to thefe, are two others, which have come under my
infpection, viz. one with the fore parts white, the hinder ferru-
ginous *; another with the back yellowifh, the under parts very
pale, and more white than ufual in the wings.

Fringilla flammea, Liz. Syf. i. p. 322. 26.—Faun. Suec. 238. I.

Le Pingon hupé, Brif. ora. iii. p. 155. E. Lee

Linaria feu Luteola nigra, Klein. av. 93.
Bre Muf. Lev. Muf. Pi. XLVI.

IZE of the Redpole: length four inches. Bill pale brown: Descairrion.
the whole top of the head of a deep flame-colour, inclining

to crimfon: the feathers a trifle longer than the reft, not unlike

thofe of the Blue-backed Manakin in the fame part: the reft of

the plumage on the upper parts of the body brown: beneath,

pale. crimfon, or rofe-colour, not unlike that of the Pine

Grofbeak, but much paler: the legs are pale brown.

* In Lew. Muy.
Ll 2 This

260

PLacz,

2.
ARCTIC F,

Description.

FEMALE.

PLACE.

Reo TO NM TE:

This is faid by Linneus to have come from Norland: defcribed
by him from Raddeck’s paintings. We believe this fpecies to be
confined to the zorthern regions, though not afcertained by the
leaft hiftory, annexed to either of the fpecimens in the Britifh or
Leverian Mufeums.

Fringilla flaviroftris, Lin. Syf. i. p. 322. N° 27.—Faun, Suec. N° 239.—-
Muller, N° 260.—Pall. Trav. ii. p. 710. N° 21~ ‘

Le Pingon brun, Brif- orn. iii. p. 154. B.—Buf. off. iv. p. 1216

Artic Finch, 4r&. Zool.

ILL yellow, like wax, with a brown tip: the male is wholly

of an obfcure footy brown colour, paleft beneath: the breatt:
feathers. have frequently the tips varied with garnet-colour::
quills and tail dufky, edged with grey; the laft fomewhat forked
in fhape: legs black.

The female inclines to brown: otherwife like the male.

This fpecies is found in Norway *; and the north-eaft part of
Sibiria, very common: in winter migrates to the fouthern parts,.
frequenting inhabited parts, and is feen about barns, being a
tame fpecies: it is frequent about the Jenifer in the fevereft part:
of the winter, and. returns north earlier than the Szow Bunting,
Not feen in Rufia.

* Muller, He fays it is called in Norway, Graaelrrifh; in Sweden, Rifas

Fringilla:

Bo) N° C1 4k,

Fringilla montifringilla, Lin. Sy. i. p. 218. 4.— Faun. Succ. 233.—
Scop. ann. i, 218.—Brua. 255. aie —Muller, N° 2536.—Kram. el.
p- 367. 3-—Olim. pl. in p.32-—Frifch. pl. 3

Le Pingon d’Ardennes, Bri/: crz, ill. p. 155+ 37: ie oif. iv. Pp. 124.—
Pl. enl. 54. f. 2.

Bramble, Brambling, or Mountain Finch, Raié Syz. p. 88. A.—Will. orn.
p- 254. pl. 45.—Albin. tii. pl. 64.—Br. Zosl. i. N° 126.—Aré.
Zool.

Br. Maf. Lev. Muf-

ENGTH fix inches and a quarter. Bill yellowifh; tip

black: the head, hind part of the neck, and back, are
black *, margined with rufous brown: rump white: throat, fore
part of the neck, and breaft, pale rufous orange: lower part of
the breaft and belly white: leffer wing, coverts pale rufous ; the
middle ones rufous white ;. the greateft black, tipped with white,
and thofe neareft the body with pale rufous: quills brown, with
yellowith edges: tail a little forked: legs grey.

The female is plainer in colour, and is brown where the male
is black,.and rufous grey where he is rufous.

This fpecies migrates into England at certain feafons, but does
not build here: it is frequently found among Chaffinches, and
fometimes comes in vaft flocks: I have had eighteen brought to
me’ at once, which were killed at a fingle fhot. Thefe are
alfo feen, at certain times, in vaft clouds in France +, infomuch
that the ground has been quite covered with their dung, and
more than “fix hundred dozen were killed each night. Said

® Tn fome the throat is black.-
+, Hift. des oif.—Willughby. obferves,. that they are common in the poulterers
fhops in winter. P. 254.

a to

261

13.
+ BRAMBLING.

Description.

FEMALE»

PLACE AND
Manners.

262

13.
Var. A.

DEscRIPTION.

PLace.

13.
Var. B.

DESCRIPTION.

Bee VON Cr Ee

to be particularly fond of beech maf?, and will alfo eat feeds of
many other kinds: their flefh is eaten by many, but is apt to
prove bitter. They are faid to breed about Luxemburg, making

the neft on the tall fir-trees, compofed of long mofs without, and

lined with wool and feathers within: the eggs are four or five in
number, yellowith, and fpotted; and the young are fledged at the
end of May f. It is believed that this fpecies is found more or
lefs throughout Europe; is common in the pine forefts of Ruffia
and Sidivia; but thofe of the laft are darker in colour, and lefs in

izes

SIZE of the Brambling. Upper parts of the body the fame

as in that bird: over each eye a black ftreak, tending to the
hind head; acrofs the back part of the head another, meeting the
firft: on the wing coverts a bar of reddifh white, and a ferrugi-
nous one below it: throat and breaft tawny: belly and rump

white.
This was met with off the coaft of fapan, and is in the collec-

tion of Sir Fofeph Banks. It appears to be a variety of our
Brambling.

Le Pingon d’Ardennes a téte blanche, Brif. orz. iii. p. 154. A.

HIS is of a paler colour than the common Brambling, and
the head wholly white.

+ Hift. des oif.—One of thefe was fhot near me, March 7, 1783.
{ Mr. Pennant.

Fringilla

Be cle? INE CR. EE,

'Fringilla Lapponica, Lin. Sy/?. i. ps 317. 1.—Faun. Suec. N° 235.—Faun.
Groenl. p. 115. N° 82.
Fringilla calcarata, Pall. Trav. ii. p. 710. N° 20. t. E,
Le Pingon de Montagne, Brif. orn. iii. p. 160. 38.
Le grand Montain, Buf. of. iv. p. 134.
Greater Brambling, 4/6. iu. pl. 63.
Lapland Finch, 4r&. Zool.
| Lev. Muf.

HIS is. bigger than the Chaffinch: length fix inches and

a half. Bill horn-colour, with a black tip: the head is
blackifh, fpotted with rufous white: the upper part of the netk,
back, and body, rufous, {potted with brown: behind each eye a
curved white fpot: throat, fore part of the neck, and breaft, pale
rufous: belly, thighs, and vent, white: leffer wing coverts pale
rufous ; middle ones black, edged with yellow, and tipped with
white, forming a bar on the wing: quills black, with pale yel-
lowifh green edges: tail the fame, and a little forked in fhape:
legs black. ;

The female differs from the male, in being paler.

This fpecies is found at Hud/on’s Bay, where it is called Tecu-
moafoifo *, but differs fomewhat in fize, meafuring only five inches.
The head is black; the curved mark behind the eye the fame :
breaft whitith, with a longitudinal black ftreak down it: in other
things not greatly different. It is found in the neighbourhood

of Severn River, in winter only, appearing firft about November,

and is commonly found near juniper-trees. Some of the males

have more ferruginous about the head. It is alfo met with in —

© Phil. Tranf, vol. Ixii. p. 404. Dr. Forffer.
TO Lapland,

263

TA.
LAPLAND F,

DescripTioNn.

FEMALE»

PLACE AND
MannNeERS.

264

15.
SNOW ‘F.

DeEscRIPrion.

PLACE.

BT LN: Ci eri:

Lapland, and the middle part of Sidiria*, being often found near
the Uralian chain. It -breeds in the northern parts, and unites
into flocks: when it changes place, it runs like a Lark on the
ground: fings like a Linnet, frequently while vibrating in the
air, like the Lark.

This fpecies inhabits, though lefs frequent, the fields of the

inner bays of Groenland, and makes the neft in June, of mofs and
.grafs, lined with feathers: lays five or fix eggs, of a brownith

flate, mixed with a duller colour: is fuppofed to migrate into
America in autumn.

Fringilla.nivalis, Lia. Syf. i. p. 321. 21.

Le Pingon de Neige, ou la Niverolle, Bri/. orn. iii. p. 162. pl. 15. f. 1.—
Buf. cif. iv. p. 136.

EN GT H feven inches. Bill black: head, and hind part

of the neck, cinereous: back, fcapulars, and rump, grey

.brown; the margins paleft: upper tail coverts black: the thighs

pale afh-colour: all the under parts of the body as white as fnow,
as are the wing -coverts and fecondary quills, except the two
neareft the body, which are brown: the baftard wing and greater
quills black: the two middle feathers of the tail are black; the
others white, tipped with black.

This fpecies inhabits various parts of the European continent,
particularly near Daupbhiny, in France; alfo about the {nowy tops
of the.Caucafian mountains, and thofe of Perfia, defcending from
thence into the plains in winter +.-

* The Rufiax bird likewife varies a little, having a cuneiform patch of white
on the outer tail feather, and the fides of the belly ftreaked longitudinally with
black. Pallas.

+ Mr. Pennant.

Le

Ren Ween 1c) TH,

Le Moineau de Canada, Bri. orn. iil. p. 102. 15.—P/, exl. 223. f. 2:
Le Soulciet, Buf. cif. ili. p. 500.
Mountain Finch, 4r@. Zool.

GIZE of a Sparrow: length fix inches and a half. Bill reddifh:
the upper parts brown, mixed with darker brown; quills and
tail darkeft, edged with a paler colour: acrofs the wings two bars
of white: the crown of the head chefnut, mixed in the middle
with grey brown: fides of the head and neck, and all the under
parts, white: legs brown.
Inhabits Canada.

Le Dattier, ou Moineau de Datte, Buf. oi/. ili. p. 487.
Capfa Sparrow, Shaw’s Trav. p. 253.

HIS has a fhort, thick bill; the upper mandible black, the
under yellowifh ; about the gape a few briftles: the fore
part of the head, and throat, are white: the reft of the head, the
neck, the upper and under parts of the body, grey, more or lefs

inclining to red, but moft fo on the breaft *: the wings and tail.

are black; the lait rather forked ; the wings reach two-thirds on
the tail: legs yellowith.

This bird is met with in Adyfinia, and is alfo found in Bar-
bary, to the fouth of Tumis: it flies in flocks, and is frequent
about granaries, &c. like our Sparrow: often feen in the date
villages to the weft of the Lake of Marks: has an exceeding fine
note, much better than that of a Canary-bird or Nightingale ;
but will not bear tranfporting from its native place. ©

* Shaw makes it all over of a Lark-colour, except the breaft, which is
lighter, and fhines like that of a Pigeon, He fays it is as big as a Sparrow.

“ Vou. II. Mm Le

265
16.
MOUNTAIN F.

DESCRIPTIONe

Pace.

17.
CAPSA F.

DEsCRIPTION.

Prace.

266

18.
CRESCENT F.

DescriPTion.

PLACE.

1Qe
BEAUTIFUL F.

DeEscRIPTION.

PLACE.

Be oD Ny Ce Ba

Le Moineau du Cap de Bonne Efperance, Bri. orn. iii. p. 104. 16. plis.
f. 3.—Pl. enl. 230. f. 1.
Le Croiffant, Buf. of. iti. p. 501.

IZE of a Houfe Sparrow: length fix inches. Bill black:

the head, and neck before as far as the breaft, are alfo black:
at the eye begins a ftreak of white, which paffes down on each
fide of the neck, and, growing broader, pafles round the fore
part, like a crefcent; hind part of the neck pale brown: back,
feapulars, and leffer wing coverts, chefnut: the middle coverts
black, tipped with white; the greateft, and quills, brown, edged
with grey: tail deep brown: legs brown.

Inhabits the Cape of Good Hope.

Le beau Marquet, Buj. o//. iii. p. 497. pl. 30. f. 2.—Pi. enl. 203. f. 1.
Br. Muf. Lev. Myf.

IZE of the Houfe Sparrow: length five inches. Bill red, a
very little bending: forehead, all round the bill, and throat,
red: breaft yellow: hind part of the head and neck dufky afh-
colour: back and wings green; tip of the quills dufky: breaft,
belly, and fides, croffed with irregular lines of white fpots: the
lower belly, thighs, and vent, white: rump and tail red, inclining
to chefnut ; the laft a little rounded: legs flefh-colour.
Inhabits Africa.

Fringilla

PN OB. 267
Fringilla noGis, Liz. Sy/?. i. p. 320. 19- _-20-
Le Pere noir, Brif. orn. iii. p. 118. 23. pl. 7. f. 1. Buf. oi/. ili. p. 485. eee
—PI. enl. 201. f. 1.
Yohualtototl, Raiz Syn. p. 171.
Lev. Muf.

S! ZE of a Sparrow: length four inches and three quarters.
Bill black: irides red: the whole plumage is black, except
the chin, juft.under the bill, which is of a rufous orange-colour,
and a fpot of the fame between the bill and eye: the legs
blackifh.

This inhabits Famaica, Martinique, Mexico, and other parts of PLache
South America.

Descriprron.

Le Pere noir a bec rouge, Brif. rz. iiis p. 120. 24.

21.
Moineau du Breil, Buf: off: ii. p. 486.--P); enl. 291. f. 1+ 2. PESO Us
Short-tailed Indian Sparrow of Aldrov. Will. orn, p. 252.—Raii Syn.

p: 87. II.

FiIS is rather lefs than a Sparrow: length four inches and

DEscRIPTIONG
a.half. The biil is flefh-colour: irides white: plumage
wholly blue black, with a polifhed fteel glofs: legs flefh-
colour. ‘
The female has the feathers on the upper parts blackifh, mar- FEMALE:

gined with yellowifh brown: behind the eye a blackifh ftreak :

the rump grey: beneath dufky yellowifh brown: tail black,
edged with grey: legs reddifh.

Mm 2

Moineau

268,

2%.
Var. A.

DEscCRIPFION»

Prace»

22.
BLACK-AND-
ORANGE F.

Descripnione.

PLAce,

i ZF.
WHITE.

BREASTED F.

Description,

LO eS & 6

Moineau de Cayenne, Pi. el. 224. f. 3¢

Mere variety of the male of the laft. Wholly of a black co-
lour: bill and legs dufky black.
Inhabits Cayenne..

Moineau de Macao, Buf. oi/. iii. p. 486,—PI. el. 224. f. 16
A {mall black and'orange-coloured bird, Raii Syn. p. 188. 51 ?—Sloan. Fam.
li, Pp. 312. 50..?

IZE of a Linnet: length four inches and a half. Bill pale

brown :. general colour of the plumage a full black, except
the wings and tail, the edges of which are deeply margined:
with. ferruginous: on the belly a few {pots of white :. legs the
colour of the bill.
'Ehis is faid to come from Macao, and if not the fame,, differs.
very little from S/oane’s bird, except the wings and tail being.
fringed with orange-colour inftead of ferruginous.. SJoane’s bird!

fed on ants.

Moineau de Java, Bufioif: iii. p. 486.—P/. enl. 224. f. 2s

SIZE of the laft: general colour black, except an irregular-
bar of white acrofs. the breaft:. bill and legs as. in the:
Jatt.

ey le cay: Ge,

Le Pingon de Virginie, Brif. orn. iil. ps 165. 41.

Le Brunet, Buf. oif. iv. p. 138.

Cowpen.Bird, Cate/o. Car. i. pl. 34.—4r&, Zool.
Leu. Muf.

A Little bigger than the Mountain Finch: length fix inches
three quarters. Bill blackifh: the general colour of the
plumage brown; lighteft on the under parts: tail a trifle forked:
legs brown,
This is found in. the winter-time in Virginia and Carolina, along
with the Red-winged Oriole and’ Purple Grakle. It delights to
feed in the pens among cattle, whence the name.

Fringilla Jamaica, Liz. Sy/?. i p. 323. 33>
Emberiza rem. rectricibufque nigris, &c. Aman. acad. vol: i. p..497+
Le Pingon de la Jamaique, Brif. orn. iii. p. 166. 42.
Le Bonana, Buf. off. iv. p. 139.
Bonana Bird, Raz Syx. p. 187. 46.—Sloan. Fam. p. 311. 47. pl. 257. f. 3.
Grey Grofbeak, Browz. Illuft. pl. 26.
; Lev. Muf:

IZE of a Sifkin: length five inches. Bill black: the upper
parts of. the plumage dull blue; the feathers very foft: the
under parts of a. paler blue, inclining to. yellow on the belly :
wing coverts greenifh blue: quills and. tail the fame: legs
black.

Inhabits Famaica, from whence I have received a. pair.. The:

male and female are much alike.

Le

269

zi
COWPEN F.

DEscRIPTION.

Pracg.

2%
4+ BONANA F,.

DEscRIPTION»

Piace.

270 Be} IN Gr oe:

26. Le Serin de la Jamaique, Bri/. ora. iii. p. 189. 53.
GREY eApED \ Serino affinis 4 cinereo, luteo & fufco varius, Raid Syx. p. 188. 50.—Sloax-
; Fam, ii. p. Zl. 50. ;

DescriPTIoN. ENGT H eight inches. Bill three quarters of an inch;
the upper mandible blueifh brown; the under paler: the
head and throat grey: the upper part of the neck, and body,
yellow brown: the under parts yellow: vent white: wings and
tail dull brown, ftreaked with white lines: legs blueifh: claws
brown, fhort, and crooked.
Prace. This fpecies inhabits Jamaica.

27. Le Moineau de la Jamaique, Brif. orm, ili. p. 99. N° 13.
SAVANNA F. Savanna Bird, Sloan. Fam, p. 306. pl. 259. f. 5.—Raii Syn. p. 188. N° 49.

DescriPrion. ENGTH four inches. Bill thick, fhort, and pointed;
colour brown : over the eye a yellow ftreak : crown, and upper
parts of the body, dull brown, mixed with whitifh and fillemot co-
lour: beneath, as far as the breaft, pale yellowifh brown: belly
white: quills brown, tipped with white: tail brown: legs
whitifh.

Place. Inhabits Yamaica; where Sloane tells us, that “it fits on the
“© cround in the plains, and runs thereon after the manner of
© Sky-larks, as low as they can, to avoid being difcovered; and
*¢ when raifed, fly not far nor high, but light again very near.”

28. ;
SCARLET F. Leo Mas

Descrirrion. LEN GTH * four inches and a half. Bill like that of a Gold-
finch, but longer, and very fharp at the point; colour pale
brown :

eek Nie Or Ee

brown: general colour of the plumage a brilliant deep orange,
verging to fearlet: wings and tail dufky ; the outer edges of the
quills fringed with orange, and the ends of the prime ones black :
the tail even at the end: legs black.

Inhabits Sandwich Iflands.

Loxia erythrina, N. C. Petr. xiv. p. 587. t. 23. f. 1. Male and Female.
(Aud. P. 8. Pallas.)
‘ Lev. Mf.

I ZE of a Greenfinch, but the head fmaller: length near five

inches: weight five drachms. Bill brownifh horn-colour :
between that and the eyes cinereous grey: head, neck, and
throat, red: lower part of the neck whitifh: the nape and back.
€inereous, with a reddifh caft: wing coverts brown, edged with
reddifh: quills brown, margined with luteous: the under parts
white, tinged with red on the breaft and fides: tail rather forked;
brown fhafts, and margins luteous: legs the colour of the
bill.

The female is wholly of a yellowifh afh-colour on the upper
parts, marked on the crown with yellowish fpots : fides of the head
almoft white: chin white: on the neck a few obfcure brown
markings: tail dufky brown, margined with grey.

This inhabits the thick woods about the Volga and Samara,
where it is called the Red Sparrow; is a tame foolifh bird.
The female makes a neft of hay between the branches of trees,
Is found in finall numbers in winter among the flocks of Swow-
fiokes, and feeds on the feeds of plants. It is alfo met with in
Sibiria, about the river Tome.

5 6 Ne

Pace.

29.
CRIMSON-
HEADED F.

DeEscRIPTION.

FEMALE

Places.

272 BA THe AN Caer

If I am not miftaken, the fame bird is alfo met with in
America, about New York, to which it comes about the end of
March, and frequents the red cedars. One of thefe is in the col-
lection of Major Davies.

30.
RED- .
BREASTED F. Red-breafted Finch, dr. Zool.
DescriPTION. ILL white: cheeks, throat, fore part of the neck, and
breaft, of a rich crimfon: crown, upper part of the neck,
back, wings, and tail, black: wing coverts croffed with two
lines of white: legs black.
Prace. Found at Sandy Hook, in the fpring.
31. Little Sparrow, Eds. pl. 354. f. 2.
Cee ous Ferruginous Finch, 4r@. Zool.
DESCRIPTION. IZE of the Hedge Sparrow: length five inches and a half?
Bill dufky : upper parts of the plumage, quills, and tail,
dark brown, edged with reddifh brown: the uncer parts, from
the breaft, light-coloured, marked with dark long fpots on the
breaft : about the eyes white: legs brownifh flefh-colour.
Prace. Inhabits Penfylvania, and other parts of North America.
Werne Le Moineau de Penfylvanie, Brif. orn. App. p. 77.
THROATED F., White-throated Sparrow, Edw. pl. 304.—Ar&. Zool.

Descriprion. IZE of the Tree Sparrow: length fix inches and a_ half.
Bill dufky : irides hazle: from the corner of the mouth

through the eye a dufky ftreak, and above the eye one of an
orange-colour: the upper parts of the plumage are reddifh

3 brown :

Bye tN Pave SOEy.

brown: the throat white: cheeks, and the reft of the under
parts, cinereous white: edge of the upper part of the wing pale
yellow: legs flefh-colour.

Inhabits Pen/ylvania.

Fafciated Finch, 4-&. Zool,

ROWN, hind part of the neck, and back, ruft-coloured,
fpotted with black, the fpots largeft on the back: wings
plain ruft-colour: primaries dufky, edged with dirty white:
under parts of the body white, marked with ftreaks of, black,
pointing downwards: tail brown, croffed with numerous dufky
bars. 2
Inhabits New York *.

‘Grafs Finch, 4r&. Zocl.

EAD, upper part of the neck, and back, cinereous, ruft-
coloured, and black: cheeks brown: leffer wing coverts
bright bay ; the others black, edged with white: . primaries
dufky, with white edges: lower part of the neck and fides
white, marked with fmall ftreaks: belly of a pure white: tail
dufky.
Inhabits New York, where it ftays all winter, and is known by
the name of Gra/s-bird*.

© Mr, Pennant.

Vou Il. Na Cinereous

ies
~F

Gy

Pack.

33°
FASCIATED F.

DescRiPTiowe

PLACE,

GRASS F.

DEeEscRIPTiIONe

Pracke

274

35°
CINEREOUS F.

DEscrIPTION.

PLACE.

36.
N ORTON F.

DeEscRIPTION.

PLACE.

WINTER F.

DeEscripTION.

PLACE.

Pie Tis Ney Cay Ee

Cinereous Finch, 4-&. Zool.

jpg ee long and dufky: head, and upper parts of the body,
deep cinereous brown, edged with obfcure ruft-colour : at
the corner of the upper mandible a light grey line : on the
cheeks, beneath, a fecond band, bounded by a dufky one : throat
of a light grey: under fide of the neck pale afh-colour, varied
with whitifh marks: legs dufky.
Inhabits Avonalafbka. In the collection of Sir Fofeph Banks.

Norton Finch, 474. Zool.

EAD, upper part of the neck, and fecondaries, black,. -
edged with bright bay; the middle order croffed: with. g
white line : primaries dufky : belly and fides white: fides of the
neck, and fore part, fpotted down the middle of each feather
with ruft-colour: tail dufky, edged with dirty white: along the
middle of the outer feather a pure white line, ending at the
tip.
Inhabits Norton Sound *.

Winter: Finch, 4r&. Zool.

EAD, neck, and breaft, light brown, mottled with black :
fore part of the neck, breaft, and fides, white, marked with
{mall brown fpots: belly plain white: wing coverts and prima-
ries brown, edged with white.
Found at New % ork, in the winter.

* Mr, Peanant.

_ LENGTH

Fig) GEN Wee El.

ENGT H five inches and a half. Bill lead-colour: between
that and the eye, and the forehead, yellow: on the head
three black ftripes: behind the eye another: fides of the head
whitifh : chin white : all the upper parts like the Linnet in co-
Jour ; middle of each feather very dark: wing coverts and tail
plain brown, and fomewhat cuneiform: quills dufky: the breaft
blue grey : belly very pale: legs pale brown.

One of thefe was fhot at New York, in May. in the collection
of Major Davies.

‘Le Bouvreuil violet de la Caroline, Bri/. orxz. iii. p. 324. N° 8.—Buf, oi/. iv.
P- 395-
Purple Finch, Catefo. Car.i. pl. 41.—<ArG. Zool.

GIZE of a Chaffinch: length five inches two-thirds: colour
of the plumage violet: the quills brown within: and the
belly white: the tail is a trifle forked.
The female is all over brown, except the breaft, which is
{potted with white like a Thrufh.
Thefe are found in Carolina, appearing firft in November: af-
-femble in fmall flights, and retire on the approach of winter :

during their ftay live on the Fumiper-berries; they alfo deftroy
the buds of fruit-trees.

Nn Fringilla

275
8

38.
STRIPED-
HEADED F.

Descriptions

Piack.

39-
PURPLE F.

DescriPTion.

FEMALE.

PLACE.

276

AQ»
ORANGE F.

DESCRIBTIONs

PEMALE.

Phacke.

Ale
SURINAM F.

DESCRIPTION,

Brg) Ni Gin) ERs

Fringilla Zena, Liz. Spf. i. p. 320.13»
Le Pinfon de Bahama, Bri. orn. Hi. p. 168. 43.
— a téte noire & blanche, Buf. oif. iv. p. 140.
Bahama Finch, Cate/>, Car.i. pl. 42. &
Orange Finch, Ard. Zool.

Br. Muf. Lev. Muf.

IZE of the Chaffinch: length fix inches and a quarter. Bill
lead-coloun : irides pale : the head, fore part of the neck,
back, and fcapulars, black : on each fide of the head two ftreaks
of white, the one above, the other beneath the eye: under the
chin a large yellow fpot: the hind part of the neck, rump, and
upper tail coverts, dull red: breaft orange-coloured: belly,
thighs, and vent, white: wings brown; on the coverts a band
of white: tail brown: legs lead-colour.

In the female the colours are lefs vivid : the head and neck afh-
colour: the under parts of the body are paler than the upper,,
and a tinge of afh-colour runs through the whole of the
plumage.. io

This inhabits the Bahama Iflands, Famaica, and other parts
of the Weft Indies and South America. ‘The manners. not known.

Fringilla Surinama, Liz, Syf.i. p. 317. 2.
La Linotte de Surinam, Defer. de Surin, vol. ii. p. 499.?:

ELE Bill is fharp, and of a yellow colour: the body grey :.
the belly whitifh : quills black; the prime ones near the bafe
white; the fecondaries white both at the bafe and tips: tail even,
blackifh ; the firft and fecond feathers have a white fpot on the

infide; the third, fourth, and fixth, white at the tips.
2: Inhabits.

fe ie Ne Se EE

Inhabits Surinam. 1 believe it to be the fame bird as Fermin’s
above-mentioned, which he fays is bigger than a Sparrow, of a
greyifh afh-colour, and the bill and throat yellowifh. This
author fays that its fong is very trifling, but the flefh is much
efteemed..

Le Pingon du: Senegal, Brif. orm. iii. p. 173. 46. pl. 35. f. 2s
— 4a long bec, Buf. off. iil. p. 143.

IGGER than the Chaffinch: length fix inches and a quarter.

Bill long in proportion to the bird, being three quarters of
an inch in length; colour of it grey brown: the head and throat
black: round the neck a collar of chefnut: back, wing coverts,
fcapulars, and rump, brown and yellow mixed: all the under
parts orange yellow: quills brown, edged with olive without;
and within, for two-thirds from the bafe, fringed with yellow : the
outer edges of the fecondaries are alfo fringed with yellow: tail
olive ; all the feathers, except the two middle ones,, have the
inner webs fringed with yellow :. legs grey brown..

Inhabits Senegal.

Fringilla finica, Liz. Spf. i. ps 3216 20.—O/. Voy. ii. p. 329s.
Le Pingon de la Chine, Brif. orn, iii. p. 175. 47. pl. 7. f.. 20.
L’Olivette, Buf. off. iv. p. 144.

GIZE of a Linnet: length five inches. Bill yellowifh: the
upper parts of the body olive brown, with a tinge of rufous

on the wing coverts which are neareft the body, the back, and
rump: round the bill, the throat, and fore part of the neck,
olive green: the reft of the under parts rufous, tinged. with
yellow.

277

PLaceE.

AZ.
LONG-BILLED:
F.

DescRIPTION»:

PLACEs.

43.
CHINESE F.,

DescripTion.

278

‘PLACE.

44.
WHITE-

CHEEKED F.

DEscRIPTIONe

PLACE.

45:
BLACK-
HEADED F.

DeEscCRIPTION.

46.
BROWN F.

SDESCRIPTIONe

ag Den N gs Cin) Hie

yellow on the belly : under tail coverts, and under wing coverts,
of a fine yellow: the greater wing coverts fartheft from the body
black: the quills are half yellow, half black, with the tips
whitifh: the tail a little forked; the colour black, but the bafe
of the feathers yellow, which colour reaches fartheft on the
feather, as it is moft outward : legs yellowith.

The female differs in that the colours are lefs vivid. This fpe-
cies inhabits China.

IZE of a Sparrow: length five inches three quarters. Bill
half an inch; pale afh-colour: head, neck, and under parts,
the fame; marked on the upper parts and neck with dufky
{treaks: under parts plain: back and wings pale rufous, with
dufky ftreaks: fides of the head white: through the eye a reddith
ftreak, bounded on the under part with black: on the under
jaw a ftreak of black, which joins the black above the eye at the
hinder part: tail dufky: legs black.
Inhabits the Cape of Good Hope. From a drawing in the poffe!-
fion of Sir Fofepb Banks.

ENGTH four inches. Bill red: back, wings, and tail,

ferruginous brown: head, and fore part of the neck, black:
fides of the neck, and fides under the wings, a little f{treaked
with black : hind part of the neck and belly white: quills black :
Yegs lead-colour.

OMEWHAT bigger than a Wren. Bill dufky : upper parts
of the plumage brown; the feathers edged with dark brown :

under parts brownifh white: legs dufky.
This

Be tS Ne Cr Be

This and the laft were defcribed from Chinefe drawings, in. the:

poffeflion. of Captain Broadley.

Le Pingon de I’Iile de 5. Euftache, Bri/. orz. iii. p. 177. 48.
Le Pinfon jaune & rouge, Buf. cif. iv. p. 145.
Paffer Africanus eximius, Seba, vol. ii. p. 67. pl. 65. f. 6.

SIZE of a Chaffinch: length five inches. and a half. Bill
red: the head,. neck, and upper parts, of a fine yellow: on:
each fide of the: head,.under the eye, is a fpot of blue: the
breaft_ and under parts are orange: wings, tail, and legs, red.
Inhabits the ifle of St. Eujtatia.

Le Pingon varié de la. N. Efpagne, Bréf. orn: ili: p. 178. 490:
Le Touite, Buf. oi/. iv. p. 146.

NIZE of the lait: length five inches three quarters. Bill

‘yellowifh: the head of a pale red, mixed with purple: the
breaft pale yellow, fhaded with deeper: the body covered. with
feathers, variegated and as it were marbled with red, yellow,,
blue, and white: quills. and tail variegated like the backs the:
tail. is, likewife- margined with white. at the tip: the legs are.
red.

Inhabits New Spain, where it. is known by the name of;
Tuite. i

me He te ea Fringille.

27F

473
EUSTATIAN- F.

DsscripTione-

PLACEo-

48.
VARIEGATED>

2

DeEscrIPTION~-

PLaczs-

49.
FRIZZLED F.

DescrRIPTion.

PLact.

50,
COLLARED F,

DESCRIPTION.

PLaceE,

ED ET AE

Fringilla crifpa, Lin. Syf. i. p. 324. 396
Le Pingon frifé, Brif. orn. App. p. 86.—Buf. oif. iv. p. 148. pl. y. f. 2.
Black and Yellow frizzled Sparrow, Edav. pl. 271. f. 1.

I ZE of a Chaffinch. Bill white: the head and neck black *:
the upper parts of the body, wings, and tail, deep olive; the
under parts yellow: legs brown: the feathers of the body all
frizzled, as is fometimes feen in one of our breeds of poultry.
This fpecies inhabits Angola or Brafil. The Portuguefe call
it Beco de Prata. As we know it not except through Portugal,
its native place is not certain.

Le Pincon a Collier des Indes, Brif. orn. App. p. 85. 73.
—A double Collier, Buf. of. iv. p. 149. *
Collared Finch, Eda. pl. 272.

1ZE of the Chaffinch. Bill and head black: round the
bill and eyes, and the throat, white, paffing round the neck
as a collar: on the lower part of the neck before, a black bar:
the reft of the under parts are rufous white: the upper parts
cinereous brown, paleft on the rump: the wing coverts are
black, fringed with glofly rufous: the fecondaries the fame :
greater quills black :' tail and legs cinereous brown. ded
Inhabits India.

* In the P/. exlum. is a flreak of white from the forehead to the crown; 2
@arved patch of white beneath the eye ; and a {pot of white on the wings.

z Fringilla

ead Nee Coe HET: 281

ms,
Fringilla carduelis, Lin. Sy?.i. p. 318. 7.—Faun. Suec. 236.—Scop. ann. i. Rio
N° 211.—Bruz, N° 257, 258.—Kram. el. p. 365. 1.—Frifch. pl. 1.— +GOLDFINCH.
Olin. uce pl. in p. 10.—Muller, N° 258.

Le Chardonneret, Brif. orz. ili. ps 53. 1.—Buf. oif. iv. p. 187. pl. 10.—
Pl. eal. pl. iv. f. 1.

Goldfinch, or Thiftlefinch, Raz Syz. p. 89. A.1.—Will. orn. p. 256. pl. 46.—
Albin. i. pl. 64.—Br. Zool. i. N° 124.—Ar&. Zool,
Br. Muf. Lev. Mu,

fy HE bill of this beautiful bird is white, tipped with black ; Descr1Ption.
the bafe furrounded with a ring of rich fearlet feathers :
from the corner of the mouth is a black line: cheeks white:
top of the head black: the white on the cheeks bounded almoft
to the fore part of the neck with black : the hind head white :
back, rump, and breaft, pale tawny brown ; the two laft lightett :
belly white: wing coverts in the male black: quills black,
marked in their middle with a beautiful yellow; the tips white :
tail black, but moft of the feathers are marked near their ends
with a white fpot: legs white. ;
The female differs: in her the feathers at the end of the bill FEMALEs
> are brown; in the male black: leffer wing coverts brown: and
the black and yellow on the wings lefs brilliant.
The young bird is grey on the head, and by the bird-catchers
is called a Grey-pate.
This is Mr. Pexwant’s defcription, which is more than fuffi-
cient to define a bird fo well known. It is much efteemed for its
fine note *, as well as great tamenefs and docility.

® The Goldfinches of Kent faid to fing beft. Barriagton.

Vou, II. Oo It

282

5k.
Var. A.

DescriPTIONn.

ms Ts Nay Gy Ee

It makes a curious and well-conftructed neft, of fine mo/s, iver-
worts, thiftle-down, &c. lining it firft with wool and hair, and then
with the down or goflin of the Sa/low. The eggs are five in
number; white, marked with deep purple fpots at the larger
end. It has two broods in a year. Often builds in orchards, in
the fruit-trees.

The food of the Goldfinch confifts of feeds of feveral kinds,
but is fuppofed to prefer thofe of the [hie ; and about the places
where they grow are to be met with frequently.» In winter they
affemble in pretty large flocks. Are kept often in cages, and
will feed freely on Hemp-feed *. Said to be a long-lived bird,
living above twenty years +.

This fpecies is plenty throughout Europe; and met with
both in Africa ft and Afa ||, but lefs common.

Le Chardonneret 4 téte blanche, Brif. ora. ili. p. 57.—Baf. oif. iv. p. 2020
Ne 2.—Will. orm p. 257. Vare 2.

HIS is like the common one, except the fore part of the
head, which is red, and about the eyes white.

® But this is faid to make them grow black. I faw this once verified ; in
which inftance the bird loft almoft the yellow as well as the red colour, only. the
mere traces of them remaining,

+ Gener.

t Dr. Forffer met with it in Madeira. See Voy. p. 26.

|| At Aleppo, Ruf Alep. p. 70.—I have alfo feen it more than once in
Chinefe drawings, though this circumftance will not perhaps prove it to be other-
wife than, a caged. bird.

he

EP Die Ny Ce oe:

Le Chardonneret a téte rayée, Brif. orn. ili. pe 58. Bim Buf. aif. iv. p- 3.
Goldfinch, Browz. Fam. p, 468.

HIS variety has the head ftriped alternately with red and
yellow.

Le Chardonneret a téte noire, Brif. orn. iii. p. 58. C.—Buf. oi. iv. p. 203.
N° 4.
Swallow Goldfinch, 4/diz. pl. 70. a. *

TBE bill in this is flefh-coloured: irides yellowifh: the

head, throat, and neck, are black, {potted with red near
the bill: the breaft, back, fcapulars, and rump, yellowifh brown:
belly, fides, thighs, and under tail coverts, white: the reft as
in common: the legs fiefh-colour.

Le Chardonneret blanchatre, Brif. or. ili. p. 59. D.—Buf. oif. iii. p. 204.
N° 5:—ill. orm. pe 257. Var. 4.

AP HIS bird is red on the forehead, cheeks, and throat: the

other parts whitifh, except the wings and tail, which are
brownifh afh-colour : and that part of the wings which in com-
mon is yellow, in this was of a dingy hue.

Le Chardonneret blanc, Frif. orn. iii. ps 60. E. pl. 4. f. 4.—Buf. vif, iv
p. 204. N°6,—P/. ent. 4. £. 2—-Will. orn. p. 257. N° 3.
Ley. Muf.

HIS is wholly white, except the outer edge of the quills,
which are yellow: a little mixture of the fame on the wing
; ® Said to be a mixed breed with a Laré,

Oo2 coverts :

a8y
gt

Vane B.

DeEsCRIPTIONe

Sie
Var. C.

DeEscRIPTION:

51.
Var. D.

DESCRIPTION»

5.
Var. ED

Descriptions

284

Van. F.

Description.

Bd ING GG Vet.

coverts: the ends of fome of the quills half black, and tipped
with white: legs white.

That in the Leverian Mufeum has the parts which are ufually
red, of a very pale red, a little gloffy. Briffon alfo fays he has
feen birds of this fort.

Buffon mentions one with a black head: the red parts very
pale: the under parts greyifh white: the wing coverts pale olive :
the yellow of the wings as ufual: wings, and tail, white: bill,
and legs, reddifh white.

This was caught at large.

There is one alfo in the Leverian Mufeum wholly white; and
another all white, except the crown of the head, which is mottled
with red, and a crefcent of the fame under the throat: the
wings yellowith.

Le Chardonneret noir, Brif. orz. iii. p. 60. F. pl. 4.. f. 5. — Buf. of. ive
p- 205. N° 7
Lev. Muf,

ENERAL colour black, except four of the middle quills,

viz. from the fourth to the feventh, brimftone-coloured on
the outer edge, and white within, from the bafe to the middle:
bill, and legs,. whitith.

Goldfinches entirely black are not uncommon; fome have the
appearance of red about the head, others not. Of the firft of
thefe is one in my collection, which had been a caged bird, and
gradually became of that colour *. :

i

© This had hemp-/eed for its ufual food. Buffon mentions one that changed

black all at once, after being four years ina cage, It kept fo for eight months,.
when

Be ON Ce) Ets

x

Ee Chardonneret noir 4 téte jaune, Brif. orz. iii. p.61. G. — Buf. aif. iv.
p. 207. N°8.

Cardueli congener, Razi Syz. p. 90. 2.

A bird of kin to the Goldfinch, Wi//. orz. p. 257.

ATHER bigger than a Goldfinch. The bill furrounded .

with a faffron-coloured ring: the reft of the head, and up-
per parts, blackifh: breaft greenifh black: belly, and under
parts, brownith afh-colour: edge of the wing greenifh black:
quills black, with more white than common in them: the ufual
yellow parts merely yellowifh: quills black.

This is, without doubt, a mere variety of the Goldjinch. Ray
fufpects the * fame.

Le Chardonneret mulet, Bri/. orn. iii, p. 62. H.
——_——-——- metis, Buf. if, iv. p. 207.
Canary Goldfinch, 4/éiz. ili. pl. 70. 8.

Lev. Muf.

HIS is rather larger than the common: the head is not un-
like that bird, but lefS bright : the upper parts of the body
yellowith brown; the under parts yellow: wings like the Gold-
finch : tail yellow, tipped with black.
This arofe from the two mixtures mentioned by 4/din.

when it began to refume its former colours; and this circumftance happened

. three times. — An electrified Goldfinch loft the red of the head, and yellow on
the wings, fix months after. — Hi/?. des oif. from Klein,
. * Forte /purium aliquod genus eft.

Fringilla

285

Te
Van. G.

DEsCRIPTION>

5I.
gd Var. H.

DeEscriprion.

286

526
GREEN GOLD-
FINCH.

DescriPTion.

FEMALE.

PLACE.

30
RED-FACED F.

DeEscRIPTION.

PLACE.

Bagel EN ae aes

Fringilla melba, Liz. Sy/t. i. p. 319. 8.—Ofbeck Voy. ii. p. 329. ;
Le Chardonneret verd, Brif. orn. App. p. 70.

, ou le Maracaxao, Buf. oi/. iv. p. 211.

Green Goldfinch, Edw. pl. 272. (the male.) 128. (the female).

———e

SIZE of our Goldfinch. Bill flefh-coloured: the fore part of

the head, and throat, of a bright red: between the bill and
eye blueith afh-colour: the upper parts of the bird are yellowifh
green: the wing coverts, and fecondaries, greenifh, with red mar-
gins: quills dufky: the breaft is olive green, changing into
white on the belly and under the tail; all beneath variegated
with broken dufky tranfverfe lines: the rump, and tail, bright
red; the laft even at the end: legs pale brown.

The female has a pale yellow bill: top of the head, and neck,
afh-colour: bafe of the wings, and rump, yellowifh green, inftead
of red: the tail brown, edged with dull red. In other things nog
unlike the male, having the red face, as in that fex.

This is faid to inhabit China * and Brafil +.

Red-faced Finch, Browzn’s li. pl. 25.

ENGTH near fix inches. General colour of the plumage
deep dull green: cheeks tinged with crimfon: prime quills
dufky, with dull orange edges: tail dull crimfon: legs yel-
lowith.
Inhabits Angola.

© Linneus. 4 Edwards.

SIZE

Pl. XLVI.

; P rrot. Birah,

Boy Moc

IZE of the Waxbill, orlefs. The bill black: face, to behind
the eye, and the throat, deep fcarlet: the rump, and tail, the

fame: reft of the body parrot green, lighteft beneath: the wings,

when folded, reach the bafe of the tail: the outer edge of the
quills is green; the inner cinereous brown: the tail cuneiform;
the two middle feathers deep fcarlet, with the fhafts brown; the
other five, on each fide,. have only the outer web fcarlet, the 1 inner
brown.

This is 2 moft beautiful fpecies, and was thot by Dr. f- Re
Forfter, at New Caledonia.

Red-headed Finch, Brown's Liluft. pl. 28.

ENGTH near five inches. Bill black: head, and neck,
rich fearlet: fpace round the eyes black : back, breaft, and
belly, olive: wings black, with two bars of white on the coverts:
“tail black: legs reddifh grey. i,
Inhabits the ifland of Mauritius. ”

coy gh

Fringillalulenfis, Lin. Sy/f. i. -p. 318. 5.—Faun, Suec. 134. ie Ne 257.
Le Chardonneret de Suéde, Bri/. ora, ili. pe 63. oe ‘

a quatre Raies, Buf, oi/. ive p. 21Q>

Lulean Finch, 474: Zool. aE

I ZE of the common Goldfinch. Biull brown : the head, and
upper parts, blackifh afh-colour: throat, aN, fore part of the

neck, white: breaft rufous ; Alor thence to the vent whitifh :
leffer wing coverts rufous; the next the fame, forming a band ;.
bleow this a black band, and then another rufous one ; this is fol-
6. lowed

287
54.
PARROT F.
Px. XLVII.

DEscriPTiON,

Pace.

$5°
RED-HEADED
F.
DescCRIPTIoN.
PLACEe
56.
LULEAN F.

DesscrirTion.,

289

PLACE.

a
4 AMERICAN
GOLDFINCH.

DescRipTiog.

FEMALEo

PLACE.

yy) VN Cn EE

lowed by a fecond band of black; and laftly by a white one:
the quills are dufky: the tail dufky afh-colour.
This inhabits Sweden, chiefly about Weft Bothnia.

2

Fringilla triftis, Liz. Sy. i. p. 320. 12.

Le Chardonneret d’Amerique, Brif. ora. iii. p. 64. 3.

——_———_ jaune, Buf. cif. iv. p. 212.

m—— o— ——_————. de Canada, Pl. exl. 202. f. 2.
de Surinam, D:/er. de Surin. vol. ii. p. 199. Gj

American Goldfinch, Care/>. Car. i. pl. 43.—FEdw. pl. 274.— Ard. Zool.
Green Sparrow of Guiana, Bancr. Guian. p. 181. ? (the female).

Br. Muf. Lev. Mus.

IZE of the Linnet: length four inches and a third. Bill

white: irides hazel: fore part of the head black : the reft of
the body yellow: thighs, and tail coverts, yellowifh white*: the
wing coverts black, croffed with a band of white: quills black ;
the edges and tips of the leffer ones white: tail black: legs
white. -
The female wants the black on the head: the upper parts are
olive green: throat, breaft, and rump, pale yellow: belly, and
vent, white : wings, and tail, like the male, but lefs bright.

The young bird is at firft like the female in al] things, except
in having the black forehead.

Thefe inhabit North America, particularly about New York,
where they are fummer birds, and feed on ¢hiffles, like cur Gold-
finch. ;

Alfo found at Surinam and Guiana, in the favannas.

* Thefe parts in Brifon’s bird were grey.
Fringilla

m. IN Ce! OR.

‘Fringilla {pinus, Ziz. Syf.i. p. 322. 25. — Faun. Suec. 237. — Scop. ann. i.
No 212.—Brun. 261. 262. — Muller, N° 259. — Kram. el. p. 366. 2.
—OBzx. uc. pl. inp. 17.—Frifch. pl. 11.—Georgi Reife, p.174.

Le Tarin, Brif- orz. iii. p. 65. 4.—Buf. oif: iv. p. 221.—PI. ent. 485. f. 3.

Sifkin, Raii Synz. p. 91. A. 5. — Will. orn. p. 261. pl. 46. — Br. Zool. i.
N° 129. pl. 53.—Ar&. Zool.

Abadavine, 4/4. iii. pl. 76.

; Br. Muf. Lev. Muf.

GIZE of the Linnet, or rather lefs: length four inches and

three quarters. Bill white, with a black tip: top of the head
black : hind head, and all the upper parts, yellowifh olive, with
a dafh of dufky down the middle of each feather: rump yellow-
ifh: the under parts of the body greyifh yellow: belly whitith:
under tail coverts ftreaked with dufky: thighs grey : leffer wing
coverts olive; the middle ones blackifh, tipped with olive; the
greater ones the fame ; hence are formed two olive green bands:
the three firft quills are blackifh, with the inner edge brimftone-
colour; the outer edge of the fecond and third yellow green; the
others are half blackifh half yellow, edged with greenifh, and
tipped with grey: the tail is a little forked; the two middle fea-
thers blackifh, edged with olive; the others yellow, with the tips
black, and the edges grey: the legs are grey.

The female has the crown of the head grey and black mixed,
and a whitifh chin; otherwife like the male, but much lefs
bright. é

This bird is pretty common throughout Europe, and not un-
frequent in England in the winter feafon ; but in fome years much
fcarcer than in others. During the time of its being in Exgland,
it may be met with, mixed with the leffer Redpole, on alder trees,

Vot, Il. Ep fometimes

289

58.
+ SISKIN.

DescRIPTION.

FEMALE:

PLACE,

290

PLAGE.

ee Ne aa EL.

fometimes in great numbers ; often runs on the under part of the
branches, and hangs with the back downwards, like the Titmou/e,
feeding on the feeds of thefe trees; and departs in fpring: but
this is not the only food. In other countries they frequent hop-
gardens *, where they eat the feeds, and, I make no doubt, many
other kinds of feeds alfo +.

No one has defcribed the neft.« It is fuppofed to conceal it
with great cunning {; nor has it ever been known to breed
with us.

In Suffex this bird is called the Barley Bird, as being feen in

that feed-time. About Lozdow known by the name of Aber-
devine. Z

In the weftern and fouthern parts of Rufia this bird is found
in plenty ; but is not met with towards the Uralian chain, nor in
Sibiria ||.

It is reckoned by fome among the fong-birds, though far infe-
rior to many. Is often kept and paired with the Canary-bird ;
with which it breeds freely §. It is a very tame and docile
fpecies.

* This they are faid to do in Germazy, to the great detriment of the owners.—
Fiif?. des oifs ata

+ Habitat in Europe juniperitis.—L7z.

+ Kramer has feen both male and female carry food to the young, but could
never find the neft.

|| Mr. Penzant.

§ Twice in the feafon.—R. P. Bougot.—Hifte des oif. ps 2270 (Z)o

Le

BO aN GE.

Le Tarin noir, Brif. orn. iii. p. 69, A.u—Buf, off. iv. p. 233. N° 4.

HIS is black, with a yellowifh crown; and met with in
Silefia.

Buffon mentions one taken at large, which he thought to be a
mixed breed between a Canary and the Sifkin; the colour much
like the laft-named: the upper parts mixed, grey, brown, and
yellowifh olive; the laft chiefly on the neck, breaft, rump, and
thighs: quills, tail, and almoft all the wing coverts, blackith,
edged with yellowifh olive.

Le Tarin de la Nouvelle York, Buf. oif. iv. p. 231.—P/. eal. 292. f. 1. 2.

HIS is a trifle bigger than our fpecies. The bill fhorter:
the top of the head black: throat, round the neck, and
breaft, yellow: the rump is alfo yellow, changing into white on
the upper tail coverts: the back olive brown; the edges of the
feathers paleft: wings, and tail, black, moftly edged with white :
the belly, and vent, whitifh: legs pale.
The female is very like the male, but the colours lefs bright,
and wants the black on the head.
Inhabits New York.

L?Olivarez, Buf. oif.iv. p. 232. N° 3.

ENGTH four inches and a half. Bill cinereous: pupil
blueifh: the upper parts of the body pale olive: beneath,
yellow: head black: quills blackifh, edged more or lefs with
Pp 2 yellow,

agi
58.
Var. A.

DESCRIPTION»

58.
Var. B.

DEscRIPTION.

FEMALE

PLAce.

DeEscriPTION.

292 Fa ANG Gy VEL.

yellow, and a ftripe of the fame on the wings: tail, and the
quills, a little forked: legs cinereous.
FEMALE. The female has the crown grey brown: cheeks, and throat,
pale yellow.
Thefe birds are found in the woods about Buenos Ayres, and in
the Straits of Magellan. It is faid to fing better than any. other
bird of South America.

The above are thought by Buffon to be varieties of our

Sifkin..
MEDIC AN. Le Tarin du Mexique, Brif- ora. iii. p. 70. 5+
SISKIN. Acatechili, Buf. cif. iv. p. 234.

Acatechichi@tli, Raii Syn. p. go. 3.’

DescrirTion. IZE of our Sifkin. The upper parts greenifh brown; the
under, yeliowifh white: quills, and tail, like the back.

PLAcEe This inhabits Mexico, where it is called Acatechichi@li. It has
the fame manners, and lives on the like food, as our Sifkin.

60. Le Tarin noir du Mexigu-, Buen lil. p. 71.6.
Ehret Le Catotol, Buf oi/. iv. p. 234.
Descriprion. IZE of our Skin. The upper parts variegated with yel-
low and blackith ; the under, white: legs afh-colour..
PLacky Inhabits the plains of Mexico, and*is faid to fing agreeably. It

feeds on the feeds af a tree called Hoauhtli.

RoI No Cow:

293
Le Tarrain de la Chine, Son. Voy. Ind. vol. ii. p. 202. Guirmeen
SISKIN.
LE SS. than the Sparrow. Bill black: the head is black; Descairrione.
hind part of the neck, and back, olive green: the fore part,
belly,.and vent, yellow: wing coverts the fame; the leffer croffed
with two black bands, the larger tipped with a fpot of black.:
the quills are black, but the greater ones are yellow half-
way from the bafe: tail half black half yellow, like the quills:
Jegs black.
Inhabits China. BOGE
Fringilla Canaria, Lin. Sy. i. p. 321. 23. —Olia. uc. pl. in p. 7. — Fri 62.
‘ pl. 12. feveral Lee et ‘ : eh OG + CANARY F..
Le Serin des Canaries, Brif. ora. iii. p. ‘aah 52.—Buf. oif.iv. ps 1.—Pl, enl:
ZOZe ea
Paffer Canarienfis, Raii Syn. p. gi. 6.
Canary Bird, Wi). orn. 262. pl. 46.—Aldiz. i. pl. 65.
Br. Muf. Lev. Mu.
G EN ERAL fize that of the Hedge Sparrow, and the length Descriptions.

from five to five inches and a half. The bill is whitith, or
pale flefh-colour: colour of the plumage yellow, more or lefs
mixed with grey: the tail alittle forked: the legs pale..
The colour of thefe birds in a ftate of nature is. chiefly grey
but breaks out into the greateft variety imaginable, from ar-

* The Canary-bird, which grows white in France, is in the ifland of Tener: ‘fe
almoft as grey as a Linuet.—Adan/. Voy. p..20.

tificial.

PLace.

ie TaN WaaCh Ee

tificial management, in the fame manner as our common
poultry *.

They inhabit, in a wild ftate, the Canary Hflands chiefly, as
well as fome others ; as Palma, Cape Verd +, Fayal {, Madeira || ;
and are {aid to frequent watery places.

Our plan will not allow the taking notice, even in brief, of
the various methods of rearing thefe birds. This can be fhewn
only in authors whofe writings are more diffufe; as thofe of
Buffon, who allows above fifty pages on this bird alone; all of
which may be read with pleafure and inftru€tion. Wéillughby has
treated lightly on the fame fubject; as has Albin, in his Hiflory of
Singing Birds; and others. We will therefore wave the matter,
further than to obferve, that this bird breeds freely with our two
next f{pecies, both feemingly congenerous birds; the firft found
in Italy, Greece, Turkey, Auftria, and Provence; the. other met
with in the laft-named place, Dauphiny, Lyons, Bugey; Geneva,
Switzerland, Germany, Spain, and Italy. .

The Canary-bird will alfo prove fertile with the Siin and
Goldfinch ; but in this cafe the produce, for the moft part, proves
frevile: the pairs fucceed beft when the en-bird is the Ca-

* Twenty-nine varieties are mentioned by name in the Hz/. des cif. pe 103
and, from what I can learn, many more are reckoned by fanciers in thefe birds.

+ Hift. des vif. vol. v. 4. p. 35. 45-—If this bird be the Serinus of Kolben, it is
alfo found at the Cage of Good Hope. This is faid to be of a yellowifh green,
mixed with grey on the back, and to fing like a Canary-bird.—Kolb. Cape,
vol. il. p. 156. I have feen the yellow fort, mixed with both brownifh grey
and greenifh, in Chinefe drawings, frequently; but whether caged birds or not
could not be certain.

} Forft. Voy. ii. p. 590. || Fort, O2/. p. 26.
ng nary,

Bie Ju) Nee Cae i.

nary, and the cock of the oppofite fpecies *. It will alfo prove
prolific with the Linnet, Yellow-hammer, Chaffinch, and even the
Houfe Sparrow +3 but the male Canary-bird will not affimilate
with the female of thefe birds; the bem muft be ever of the
Canary fpecies, and the young of thefe moftly prove mule birds.

As to the fong, fo highly prized by many, it is alfo needlefs
here to dwell upon. Whoever may wifh to read what is faid on
the fubjeét of this or other finging birds, need only confult a
well-written treatife by our friend the Hon. Daines Barringtont,
on this fubject.

This bird is faid by fome to live ten or fifteen years || ; by
others, as far as eighteen §. One of them, now alive, has already
been in the poffeffion of a friend of mine thirteen years. _

® When a male Canary-bird is matched to the hen Goldfinch, or Sifein, it is
not without certain precautions, and great attention, that a brood will follow.
On the contrary, when the ma/e of either of the two laft-mentioned birds is
made ufe of, the fuccefs is almoft certain.

+ A female Canary-bird of the grey kind, which efcaped from a cage, has
been known to pair with a Honfe Sparrow, and to bring a brood in a dird-pot
placed againft an houfe. — Hi/?. des oi/. iv. p. 11. note (p).——A few Cazary-
birds t at have efcaped from an aviary, feem to have bred; as fuch are fre-
quently feen, with other fmall birds, in the hedges at Puddington, in Bedfordfbire.
—See Bib). Typogr. Brit. N° 8. p. 13. arte 35. The circumftance alfo has
occurred of the Cazary-bird breeding with the Vengoline.—See Barrington on
Singing Birds. Phil. Tranf vol. \xiii. 1773. Br. Zool. ii. p, 666.

t See Phil. Tranf. vol. lxiii. or Br. Zool, vol. ii. 4pp.N° 5.

|| Olina, § Salerne.

Serins

295

296

62.
Var. A.
MOSAMBIQUE
: F.

DEscrRIPTIONs

PLACE.

63.
SERIN F.

DEscRUPTION,

Eee TON WiC He

Serins de Mozambique, P/. ex/. 364. f. 1. 2.

HIS fpecies is very little lefs than the Canary-bird: in
length four inches and a half. The bill, and legs, pale:
the upper parts brown: the feathers of the wings, and tail, edged
with pale: the under parts, and rump, yellow: over, and between
the bill and eye, yellow; under the eye a ftreak of the fame.
The male and female much alike.
For thefe birds we are indebted to Buffon, who fays they were

brought from Mozambique, on the eaftern coaft of Africa. And

this again reminds us of that mentioned by Kolben, in his Hiffory
of the Cape of Good Hope *, which may not be far different from
this {pecies ; and I the rather think this, as I have fuch an one in
my colle€tion from the Cape, which came into my hands under
the name of Cape Caxzary Bird.

Fringilla ferinus, Liz. Sy. i. p. 320. 17.—Kram. el. p. 368. 7-
Loxia ferinus, Scop. ann. i. N° 205.
Le Serin, Brif. ora. iii. p.179. 50.—PI. enl. 658. f. 1.
Serinus, Raii Syn. p. 92. 8-—Will. orn. p. 265. pl. 46.
Leu, Muf.

I ZE of the fmall Linnet: length near four inches and a half.
The upper mandible grey brown, the under whitifh: the
plumage on the upper part of the body brown, mixed with yel-
lowifh green: beneath, of a greenifh yellow, marked on the fides

* Vol. iis p. 156.

with

Ea aN eS EG

with longitudinal fpots 6f brown: on the wings a greenifh band:
the quills, and tail, brown, margined with greenifh grey, the laft
fomewhat forked in fhape: legs brown.

This {pecies inhabits /taly, Auftria *, Stiria, and is not uncom-
mon in the fouthern provinces of France.

Scopoli obferves that it is gregarious in fpring, and frequents
orchards; is fond of cabbage and bemp-/eed; frequently takes.
fudden flights upwards, and, after fluttering in the air for a little
while, and warbling at the fame time, alights with expanded:
wings nearly on the fame fpot from whence it arofe.

Fringilla Citrinella, Liz. Syf. i. p. 320. 16.-

Verzellino, O/iz. uc. pl. in p. 155

Le Serin d’Italie, Brif. orn. iii. p. 182. 51.

Le Venturon de Provence, P/. enJ. 658. f. 2.

Citril of Vienna, Razi Syn. p. 92. 7. — Will. orm, 265. pl. 46.— Ruff Alep.
p: 65.

HIS is rather larger than the laft bird. The bill is brown:
the plumage on the upper parts yellowifh green, fpotted
with brown: the under, and rump, greenifh yellow: the breaft
of the male much inclined to yellow: the leffer wing coverts
greenifh, the greater. dufky, edged with green: the quills.much
the fame; as are the feathers of the tail, which is a little forked
in fhape: the legs flefh-colour.
This fpecies is common in the fouthern provinces of France,
and about Rome. It is found alfo in Greece, Turkey, and other

® Called at Vienna, Hirngrylh:

Vou. Il. Qq neighbouring.

297

PLace, -

64.
CITRIL F.

Description?

Place.

i)
oO
Boe)

Be
% SAFFRON-
FRONTED F.

DESCRIPTION,

66.
AUTUMNAL f.

DeEscRIPTIONe

PLace.

Feed 5 Nie (Gap: hs

neighbouring parts *. Both this and the laft are remarkable for
their fong, which is faid to be as fine as that of the Canary-bird,
to which both thefe feem to have great affinity.

Fringilla flaveola, Lin. Spf. i. p. 321. 24.
Lev, Muf

IZE of a Canary-bird: general colour yellow. Bill convex,
of a pale colour, with a brown tip: the forehead faffron-

colour: the back inclines to green: quills and tail edged with
yellow; the laft forked: legs pale.

Linnaeus fays, this was in the Mu/feum of M. de Geer; but from
whence it came unknown.

I find it likewife in the Leverian Mufeum, but without any
hiftory annexed.

I fufpect that it is a mongred bird, as one in my collection,
anfwering this very defcription, was given to me as the produce
of a Canary-bird with a Goldfinch.

-Fringilla autumnalis, Liz. Sy/f. 1. p.:320. 18>

"J HIS is faid to be of a greenifh colour: the top of the head
~ ferruginous: vent teftaceous: and the tail even at the

-end.

Inhabits Surinam.

* Rufél mentions the Cztr7/*being common at Aleppo, and that it is frequently
eaten there by the Freach. Hift. Alep. p. 65.

Fringilla

BE) ed NGS ie. | VER,

Fringilla lepida, Liz. Sy/?. i. ps 320. 14.

"THIS is lefs by one half than the Canary-dird. The general

colour greenifh brown: bill and eyes black; above the eyes
a.fulvous ftripe, and a lefler one of the fame beneath them: the
chin fulvous: breaft black: legs grey.

This fpecies inhabits the woods about Havaznah, in the ifland
of Cuda, and is eafily tamed: it is very frequently finging, but in
fo weak a voice, as.fcarce to be heard, except one is almoft clofe.
fo-1t.

Fringilla butyracea, Liz. Sy/?. i. p. 321. 22.
Le Verdier des Indes, Brif. orn. il. p. 195. 55.
du Cap de Bonne Efperance, P/. ez/. 341. f. 1
Le Vert brunet, Buf. oi/. iv. p. 182.
Chloris, or Greenfinch, Kolb. Cap. ii. pe 151?
Tindian Greenfinch, Edw. pl. 84.-

DIZE of the Canary-bird: length four inches and’a half. Bill
blackith brown, paleft beneath: irides hazel: plumage on the
upper parts olive green: rump and under parts yellow: over the
eye a yellow ftreak; a fmaller ftreak or two beneath the eye ;.and
one of green pafling through it: the quills olive green, edged
with white: the tail, which is forked, yellow green: legs
brown. : Q
Inhabits the Eat Indies, and is faid to fing exceeding well. If
this be the fame bird with that of Kolben *, he gives it the fame

* His bird had a broad bill, the back and belly grafs green, moft of the tail
feathers green, and the wings moftly black, This is the whole of his
defcription,

Q.q2 character,

299

67.
LEPID' F.

DeEscrIPTION.

Prace,

68.
YELLOW F.

DESCRIPTION.

PLACE.

300

69.
‘-BAHAMA F.

DESCRIPTION.
Place.

VARIETIES.

70.
BLACK-

COLLARED F.

DeEscRIPTION.

Poe) ye CL Or.
character, obferving, that the notes are loud and pleafant. This
Jaft author fays, that it is more frequent at the Cape of Good Hope

than the Greenfiach in Europe +.

-Fringilla bicolor, Lia. Spf. i. p. 524-;38.

Le Verdier de Bahama, Bri/. orn. iii. p. 202. 59.

Le Verdinere, Buf. oi/. iv. p. 184.

Bahama Sparrow, Caze/s. Car. i. pl. 37.— Ar. Zool.
Br. -Muf. Lev. Muf.

QIZE of a Canary-bird: \ength four inches. “Bill black:
head, throat, and breaft, the fame: the reft of the bird dirty

green.
This fpecies is common in the woods of Bahama, where it fits

perched on.the tops -of trees, and fings prettily, not unlike the
Chaffinch.

This bird varies in colour one in the Briti/h.Mufeum has an
afh-coloured belly, and the vent tinged with red. This came

from Jamaica.
“In the fame place are two others: in one, neither the head,

nor back part of the neck, are black; and the feathers of the
back incline to afh-colour. “The fecond, 'brownifh olive above;
beneath afh-colour: quills and tail dufky, edged with olive. The
two laft from Bahama.

“Le Worabée, Buf. of. iv. p. 54.

~1'ZE and -thape of a:Cavary-bird. The bill fathioned much
the fame, and black: the fides of the head beneath the eyes,
the throat, fore part of the neck, breaft, and upper part of the

f Ibis alfo found at Madeira. Forf. Ob/. p. 26.
belly,

Bg Te ONG 2s Ce Hy:

belly, black: the upper part of the head, the reft of the body,
and lower part of the belly, yellow: at the back part of the neck
a collar of black, which meets the black on the fore part: the
wing coverts and quills black, with pale edges: tail black, edged
with greenifh yellow: legs pale brown.

‘This inhabits 4byfinia, where it is met with in flocks, and is
known by the name of /Vorabée. It feeds on the feed of a plant
called Nuk, which has a yellow flower, and the feed produces an
oil, in much ufe among the monks *.

-L’outre-mer, Buf. oi/. iv. p.-56.

SIZE of a Canary-dird, but has a rounder head. The bill
white: the plumage wholly of a fine deep blue: the legs red.
The-young birds and females are grey. The male gets the blue
plumage in the fpring of the fecond year; but the female ever
‘+emains of the fimple grey colour.
‘This alfo inhabits Abyfinia, and is faid to have a fine fong.

L’Hakefch de Syrie, Buf. of. iv. p. 57.

THIS bird is-a little bigger than the Linnet. Bill thick,

fhort, and of a lead-colour: the top of the head of a fine
bright red: the cheeks, throat, and fore part. of the neck,
blackifh, mixed with brown: the reft of the neck, breaft, upper
parts of the body, and leffer wing coverts, brown, dufky, and
yellow, mixed: the greater wing coverts deep afh-colour, edged

with paler: quills and tail the fame, but edged with bright

* Hift, des vif.
orange ;

gor

PLACE.

71s
ULTRA-
MARINE Ff.

DEscRIPTION.

PLACE.

72.
TRIPOLINE EF,

Description.

302

PLACE.

Tao
+ LINNET.

DescriPTIoNn.

FEMALE.

Ene), SVN eC EAs

orange; the laft a litele forked: belly and vent dirty. white;
marked with obfcure yellowifh and dufky fpots: legs lead-
colour.
This fpecies is found about Tripoli; in Syria: is a bird of
paflage, and faid to fing very finely. ;

We are indebted, for the three laft, to the pencil of Mr. Bruce,.
from whofe drawings the defcriptions were taken..

La Linotte, Brif. orn. iil. p.'131. 29.—Bufi oif. iv. p. 58. pl. 1.—-
Pl. end. 151. £2 1—Frifch. pl. 9.—Olin, uc. pl. in p. 45.
Common Linnet, Radi Syz. p. go. A. 1.—Will. orn. p. 258. pl. 46.—
Br, Zool. i. N° 130.—Ara. Zool.
Br. Muf. Lev. Muf.

ar HIS bird is well known: the length of it five inches and a

half. The bill grey, with a brown tip, and inclines to blue-
in the fpring: the irides. hazel: the plumage on the upper: parts
dark reddifh brown; the margins of the feathers pale: the head

“feathers are very dark, with cinereous edges; and the fides of the

neck of this laft colour: on the throat a line of brown, bounded’
on each fide with white: the under parts. of the body dirty
reddifh white; the breaft is deeper than the reft, and in fpring-
becomes of a beautiful crimfon: the fides fpotted with brown::
on the wings is a longitudinal white mark: the quills are dufky:
the tail brown, edged with white, except the two middle feathers, .
which have reddifh margins; the fhape of it a little forked: legs
brown.

The females and young birds. want the red fpot on the breaft, .
but inftead of it have fhort perpendicular ftreaks of brown in the
fame place: the female has alfo lefs white in the wings than the

7 male,,

Ele Toes Nae Cue rel.

‘male, and the colours in general lefs bright. What has been
‘faid concerning the red on the breaft, however, only holds goed
-of the bird in a natural ftate, as the moft beautiful breafted male
foon lofes the crimfon when confined in a cage; nor does it re-
gain it even in fpring, during its ftate of confinement. It is faid
to live fourteen years, or more *.

This bird is fufficiently common in England, and breeds on
low fhrubs, d/ack and white thorn, and furze. The outfide of the
neft is compofed of dried herds, grafs, and mofs, and lined with
wool, or hair. The female lays as far as five white eggs, {potted
with reddifh brown at the large end. Buffon talks of having neits
brought to him in May, Fuly, and September; but whether they
breed more than twice in a year, in England, is not certain. “They
are frequently found in flocks, during the winter; and feed on
many kinds of feeds, and are faid to be fond of flax-feed ( Linum}
whence perhaps their name: are found throughout Frence, Italy,
Germany, the fouth of Ruffia, and many other parts of Europe ;
and it is not improbable but that it is alfo met with at the Cape
of Good Hope +. ;

There are only two varieties mentioned of this bird {. The
one white; the quills and tail black, edged with white, as in the
common.

* Willughby.—As far as eighteen. Salernes

+ I fay this on the fuppofition of its being the Zgithus of Ari/fotle, as Belon
thinks. Kolbex mentions one, by name the “githus, as being common at the
Cape, and a bird well known in Ezrofe, but does not defcribe it. He adds, that
it is at enmity with a/és, for deftroying the neft, which it conftantly builds upon
thiftles. See Kolb. Cap. vol. ii. p. 156.

tT Hifi. des of. « °

The

PLacE anp
ManNwWERS.

VARIETIES.

304

74.
+ GREATER
REDPOLE.

DeEscCRIPTION’

FEMALE.

PLACE AND
Manners.

Beer ON IC MEK

The other, with a greenifh bill, the legs black, and a very
forked tail: otherwife like the common Linnet.
One, wholly white, is alfo in the Leverian Mufeum.

_ Fringilla cannabina, Liz. Syf. i. p. 322. 28.—Faun. Suec. 240.—Scop. ann, i.
Ne 219.—Kram. el. p. 368. 8.—Brun. N° 263.—Mauller, N° 261.—
Frifch. pl.g.s £. 1. 2.— Georgi Reife, p. 174.
La grande Linotte de Vignes, Brif. orm. il. p. 135. 30.—Buf. oi/. iv. p. 58.
f —Pi, enl. 485: f. 1.
Greater. Red-headed: Linnet, Raii Syn. p. gt. A. 2.—Will. orn. p. 260.—
Albin, iii. pl. 72+ 73.—Br. Zool.i. N° 131. pl. §5.—Ara, Zool.
si Br. Muf.. Lev. Muf.
ATHER lefs than the common Linnet, and about the fame
length. The bill is dufky: irides hazel : on the forehead
is a blood-coloured fpot: the reft of the head and neck afh-
colour: the breaft tinged with a fine rofe-colour: back, wing
coverts, and {fcapulars, bright reddifh. brown: the firft quill
feather black ; the exterior and interior edges of the eight fol-
lowing white, forming a bar of white on the wing: the fides are
yellow: middle of the belly white: tail a little forked, dufky,.
edged with white: the legs brown.

The head of the: female is afh-coloured, fpotted with black: .
back and fcapulars of a brownifh red: breaft and fides dirty yel-.
low, ftreaked with dufky lines.

_ This bird is frequently met with in flocks on the /ea-coafts, and’
in flight-time near London ;, and is alfo common on the continent
of Europe, like the former, but found more worthward than that
bird, in which parts it breeds *. Ie is likewife found in America,

* Ihave been told that it chiefly breeds in the northern parts of England
and Scotland, upon the mountains.. Dr. Hey/oam tells-me that it breeds in

Cumberland,
where,

Fl ON ce:

where, I am told, it fhifts its quarters according to the feafon,
and unites into flocks, in the fame manner as in Europe. I have
a fpecimen received from -Hud/on’s Bay, which differs in being
of a paler brown.

Fringilla linaria, Liz. Sy/?. i. p. 322. 29.—Faun. Suec. 241.—Faun. Groen.
p- 121. 83.—Brun. N° 264.—Muller, N° 262.—Kram. el. p. 369- 9+
—Frifch. pl. 10.—Georgi Reife, p. 174»

La petite Linotte de Vignes, Bri/. orn. iii. p. 138. 31.—Pl. enl. 151. f. 2.

Le Sizerin, Buf. oi. iv. p. 216.

Leffer Red-headed Linnet, Raii Syz. p. gt. A. 3.—Will. orn. p. 260. pl.
46.—Alb. iii. pl. 75.—Br. Zool. i. N° 132. pl. 54.—Ard. Zool.

Br. Muf. Lev. Mu/.

HIS is about half the fize of the laft, and is in length five
inches. The bill is dufky: irides hazel: on the forehead is
a rich fpot of purplifh red: the breaft of the fame colour, but
lefs bright: the back dufky, edged with reddifh brown: the
fides yellowifh, or afh-colour, marked with narrow dufky lines :
quills and tail dufky, edged with dirty white: on thé wing co-
verts two whitifh bars: the legs dufky..
The female is lefs lively in colour; has no red on the breaft ;
and the fpot on the forehead is of a /affron-colour.
This fpecies is. alfo common enough in England, but I am
not clear of its building very often in the fouthern parts*. A
neft of this fpecies has been found on an alder ftump, near a

395

+ LESSER RED=
POLE.

DESCRIPTIONS

FEMALE.

Puace AND
MANNERSo

brook, about two or three feet from the ground; the outfide -

compofed of dried ftalks, and other plants, intermixed with

* It makes the neft in the mountains of Wales. Barringt. Mifc. p. 217.

Vou. II. Rr ~ wool,

306

Eh) Nw. CL

wool, and lined with hair and feathers. The eegs were four in:
number, of a pale blueifh green, thickly fprinkled near the-
blunt end with fmall reddifh fpots. The bird was fo tenacious.
of her neft, as to fuffer herfelf to be taken off by. the hand, and
when releafed would not forfake it *.

This fpecies is known about Loudon by the name of Stone-
Redpole,

Linneus, Kramer, and others, mention its being very fond of |
the feeds of Alder. This we have feen frequently ; for whole
flocks of thefe birds, mixed with the Sifkin, frequent many places.
where d/ders grow, for the fake of picking the catkins; they ge--
nerally hang like the Titmou/fe, with the back. downwards, and

‘in this ftate are fo intent on their work, that they may be en--

tangled one after another by dozens, by means of a twig fmeared:
with birdlime, fattened to the end of a fifhing-rod, or other:
long pole.

This fpecies feems to be in plenty throughout. Europe, from:
the extreme parts of Rufia, on the one hand, to Jzaly on the
other. Is very common in Groenland, and was. alfo met with by.
our late voyagers at Avonalafbkat. In America it is. likewife
well known. Hence it feems to be a bird. common to the whole-
of the northern part of the globe without exception.

* Br. Zool. + Ellis’s Voy, ii. po. 15%

Ea

Bi I] ON orc fT

‘La Linotte de Montagne, Bri/. orm. iii. pe 145: 33-—Buf. of. iv. p. 74.—
Frifch. pl. 10.
‘Mountain Linnet, Rati Syz. p. gt. A. 4.—Will. ora. p. 261.—Br. Zool.
N° 133. pl. 53.
Lev. Myf.

Si Z¥E of the common Linnet: length fix inches and a
half*. Bill pale: irides hazel: the feathers on the upper
‘part of the body dufky ; thofe on the head edged with afh-colour,
the others with brownifh red: the rump pale crimfon: the under
parts of the body pale; thofe of the throat and breaft blackith,
with pale edges: wings and tail dufky: the tips of the greater
coverts and fecondaries whitifh: legs pale brown.
The female wants the red mark on the rump. In Mr. Pea-
nant’s bird there was a pale brown {pot above and beneath each
-eye; and the greater wing coverts edged with white.

La petite Linotte, ou le Cabaret, Brif. orn. ili. p. 148. 32.—Buf. orf, iv.
p- 76.—Pl. enl. 485. f. 2.
‘Twite, d/tin. iii. pl. 74.—Ara. Zool.
Lev. Muf.

7] HE length of this bird is only four inches and a half.

Bill yellowifh, with a brown tip: the top of the head, and
rump, are both red: over the eyes a rufous band: the upper
parts black, edged with rufous: the under rufous, fpotted with
-blackifh on the throat: the belly white: the legs brown or black :
the claws long, efpecially the hinder one: between the bill and
eye a black brown fpot, and on the chin another.

% Willughby.
Rr a2 The

307

76.
MOUNTAIN
LINNET.

DESCRIPTION,

FEMALE?

76.
Var. A
a TWITE.

DescriIpTioNne

308

FEMALE«

77>
STRASBURG F.

DeEscRIPTION.

Bieel2 NO Ci (ET

The female wants the red fpot on the rump. It is moft pro-
bable that this and the laft-defcribed are mere varieties of each
other. Mr. Pennant feems of this opinion, by placing them as
one fpecies; and I fhould readily join him, did not Willughby
exprefsly fay, that his Mountain Linnet is fix inches and a half, or
two inches longer than the prefent {pecies. This, however, may
be a miftake, as the common Linnet is only five inches and a
half. As to the prefence, or want, of the red on the head, which
feems to conftitute another effential difference, the time of the
year, age or fex of the bird, or other circumftances, may have
given rife to a double defcription. We have feen one of thefe *,
in which the forehead, rump, and breaft, were all of them
red.

Twites are taken in the flight-feafon near London, along with
other Linnets. Itis probable that the name has been taken from
their ¢wittering note, having no mufic init; and indeed the bird-
catchers will tell at fome diftance whether there be any Twites
mixed among Linnets, merely from this circumftance. The
Twite is fuppofed to breed in the more northern parts of our
ifland.

La Linotte de Strafbourg, Bri/. orn. iii. p. 146. 34-
Le Gyntel de Strafburgh, Buf. oi/. iv. p- 73-

IZE of the common Linnet. The head and upper parts, as

far as the rump, brown: beneath,, as far as the upper part of
the belly, and fides, rufous, {potted with brown : the belly and
vent whitith: quills and tail brown: legs reddifh.

* In the Leverian Mufeum.

10 Inhabits

he TN. Cy Hu,

Inhabits the environs of Strafbourg, where it is called Gyntel.
Is faid to lay as far as four eggs.

La Linotte d’Angola, Brif. orn. Supp. p. 81. 71-
La Vengoline, Buf. oi/. iv. p. 80.—Br. Zool. 8vo. vol. ii. App. p._666.
Linnets from Angola, Edw, pl. 129.

IZE of our Linnet. The bill brown; the feathers round

the bafe black: the upper parts of the head, neck, and body,
brownifh afh-colour, each feather darker in the middle: round
the eyes, and on each fide of the throat, white: the under parts
of a plain dull orange: the rump, and upper tail coverts, bright
yellow: the greater wing coverts and quills brown, edged with
yellow: tail the fame, edged withgrey: legs flefh-colour.

The female has the upper parts rufous brown, each feather
darkeft in the middle: fides of the head pale rufous: -near the
bafe of the bill a brown mark, which paffes towards the hind
head: from the breaft to the vent pale rufous, fpotted with
brown : the reft partly like the male.

Thefe came from Augola, where the male bears the name of

Negral, or Tobaque; the female, Benguelinba. Indeed their being
of oppofite fexes is not certain: Mr. Edwards only fuppofes it;
and it is probable, that, as they are both faid to fing well, they
may have been males of two different fpecies, as females in ge-
neral feldom have a fine fong. ‘The laft-named bird is moft
likely the Vengoline, mentioned by the Hox. D. Barrington *,
which he fays fings better than any bird that is not European,
except the American Mocking Bird.

* See his Experiments and Obfervations on the finging of birds. Péz/. Tranf.

3773¢
La

399

PLACE.

780
ANGOLA F.

DESCRIPTION»

FEeMALg.

PLACE.

310 Peg IN: i, ers

79s La Linotte brune, Buf. oi/. iv. ps 84.
DUSKY F. Dukky Linnet, Zdw. pl. 270.

-DascriPTion. ENGTH four inches. ‘Bill afh-colour: general colour ef
the plumage dufky brown or blackith, inclining to afh-
colour on the breaft and rump: all the feathers have the tips of
a lighter colour: the legs are dufky.
Place. This is a native of 4zgola or Brafil, but which not certain.
Briffon makes thefe two the fame fpecies; Buffon is of a contrary |
: fentiment. J have not feen either, fo can ferm no opinion.
LONG-TAILED
i IZE of a Linnet: length feven inches and a half. Bill
brown : the upper part of the plumage like that of a Sky-lark ;
the middle of each feather very dark: the under parts of the
-body very pale afh-colour : tail long, very cuneiform in fhape ;
the two middle feathers narrow, and fharp at the ends; thefe are
of a greenifh brown ; all the others brown: the quills are brown,
with greenifh margins: legs brown.
Praca. From Cayenne. I faw the above in a colleétion of birds fent
from that place.

DeEscCRIPTION>

81. FringillaBenghalus, Liz. Sy/f.i. p. 323. 32. (the male.)
BLUE-BELLIED ———Angolenfis, —— 31. (the female.)
F. Le Bengali, Bri/. orn. iii. p. 303. 60. pl. 10. f. 1.—-Bufivif iv. p. ga.—
Pl. enl. 115. f. 1
Blue-bellied Finch, Edw. pl. 131. (female2)
Lev. Muf.

DescriPTION. IZE of the leffer Redpole: length four inches three quarters.
Bill dirty flefh-colour : irides hazel: the head, and upper
7 . parts

Ee iy Na. Cy Hy;

parts of the body, grey: the lower part of the back and ruinp,
and all the under parts, blue: on each fide of the head is a
curved. purplifh red fpor, placed beneath the eyes, and: rather
behind them: the quills are brown, edged with grey: the tail
pale blue, and a little wedge-fhaped: the legs whitith.

The. female is the fame in colour, but wants the red fpot be~
neath the eyes.

Some fpecimens have the under parts of the fame colour as the

back, but paler; in others there is a tinge of red on the belly..
Edwards’s bird was of an afh-coloured brown above, and pale

blue on the under parts and tail, but had no red mark under the
eyes; and what he took for the fema/e was cinereous brown, and

had only a light tinge of blue on the under parts of the body...
Thefe differences are al] to be feen in a variety of fpecimens in.

the Mufeum of Sir A. Lever..

Fringilla amandava, Lin. Sy/?. i. p: 319. 10:

Le Bengali piqueté, Brif. orn. iii. p. 206. 62. pl. 10. f. 4:—Buft cif. iv. p.
96. pl. 2. f. 1.—P/. end. 115. f. 3.

Avicula Amandavea, Raii Syn. p. 92. 9--

Amadavad Bird, Wil]. orn. p. 266. pl. 46.—ZAlbin. iii. pl. 77.—Edw. pl.

355+ t. 1
Br. Muf: Lev. Mf.

IZE of a Wren: length four inches. Bill of a dull red:
~ all the upper parts brown, with a mixture of red: the under
the fame, but paler; the middle of the belly darkeft: all the
feathers of the upper wing coverts, breaft, and fides, fave a {pot
of white at the tip: the quills. are grey brown: tail black : legs

pale yellowifh white...
The

gir

FEemace.

82.
+ AMADU-
VADE F.

DeEscRIPTION.

312 Be LN aC ee He

FEMALE. The female differs in having a mixture of white on the throat
and fore part of the neck ; and the belly of a pale yellow colour:
but in other things refembles the male.

Pace. Inhabits Bengal, Fava, Malacca, and other parts of Afa.
82. Fringilla Amandava, Liz. Sy/. i. p. 319. 10. Be
Var. A. Le Bengalis brun, Bri/. ora. iii. p. 205. 61. pl. 10. f. 3.— Buf. oi/. iv. p.95-
—P/, enl. 115. f. 2.
Lev. Muf.

Deccewenron: HIS is very little bigger than a Wren: the length under
four inches. The bill is reddifh: general colour of the
plumage brown, deepeft on the belly ; in fome birds mixed with
a little white on the breaft, and a little reddifh in others: on
many of the wing coverts is a fpot of white juft at the tip: tail

dufky black: legs pale yellow.
FEMALE. The female * is of an uniform brown colour, and the wing

i coverts not fpotted with white.

PLace. Inhabits Bengal.

83 Fringilla Senegala, Liz. Spf. i. p. 320. 18.
4 SENEGAL F, Le Senegali rouge, Bri/. orn. iii. -p. 208. 63. pl. 10. f. 2. —Buf. oi/- iv. p. 99.
Pl. endl. 157. f. 1.

DescriPTiONe HIS is very little bigger than a Wren: length four inches
three quarters. The bill reddifh, edged all round with

brown ; and beneath the under mandible a line of brown quite to

the tip ; the fame alfois feen on the ridge of the upper mandible:

* Whether thofe faid to be females, of this and the laft, are really fo, is doubtful, -
fince they change colour every moult. See Hi/t. des oif. ii. p. 79.

the

Bo al MN We ET.

the upper part of the head, throat, fore part and fides of the
neck, breaft, and upper part of the belly, fides, ramp, and upper
tail coverts, are of a vinaceous red colour: the lower part of the
belly, thighs, and under tail coverts, greenifh brown: the hind
part of the head and neck, the back, fcapulars, and wing coverts,
are brown: the tail black: the legs pale grey.

This inhabits Sevegal. Buffon mentions one of thefe having
been killed at Cayenne; but it is moft likely that it had been a
caged bird: it was a trifle different from the above-defcribed, as
the wings were lightly edged with red, and the bill entirely of
the laft colour: the legs reddifh: it had alfo the breaft and fides
{potted with white. There is likewife mentioned one brought
from Abyfinia, by M. Bruce, which he calls Dandik, in which
the red covered the neck and wing coverts, as well as the under
parts; and it was fpotted on the fides of the breaft and wing co-
verts with white.

- Buffon obferves, that thefe birds do not change the feathers
more than once in a year in this climate, though they do in their
native one: however this may be, I have now one of this laft
fpecies by me, which has not a fingle fpot upon it, and was once
full of them: it belonged to a young lady of my acquaintance,
to whom it was given, two or three years fince, along with an-
other, as Amaduvades. The firft did not live long ; the other died
without even the trace of a white fpot; and fhe affured me,
that it had white fpots at one time of the year, and at another
none. I cannot fay that this circumftance I faw»myfelf, but I
have no reafon to difbelieve it.

The Bengalis and Senegalis, as they are called, are natives of
Senegal, and feed on Millet, This affords the natives an eafy

Von, Il. Sf method

3

PLACE,

I

3

314.

84s
WHITE-EARED
Be

Ejdels Nie Ca | te

method of catching them: they have no more to do: than to
fupporta large hollowed gourd, the bottom uppermoft, on a ftick,-
with a-ftring leading to. fome covered place, and ftrewing under’
it fome Millet; the little birds, haftening in-numbers to pick it
up, are caught beneath the trap,..by the ftick being pulled away
by the obferver at a.diftance. The females are faid to fing nearly:
as well as the males. ‘They are pretty familiar birds, and, when
once ufed to the climate, will frequently live five or fix years ins
a cage. They have been bred in Holland by the fanciers of
birds.

From what has been.faid, the reader will think with me, that:

it_is quite poffible that the two laft may be only one fpecies, -de=-
fcribed in different periods of their changes...

SBECK* mentions five fmall birds, which he takes to be”
Pinchese-

The firft had the head, back, and wing coverts, purple: the~
under fide of the body yellow: prime quills and tail fine blue:°
the fecondaries green: on the ears a white fpot.

The fecond like the former, but the back and tail purple. —-

The third with 2 green head; and a purple breaft and tail.

Fourth,, the breaft: of a light green: the head, and leffer wing~
coverts, brown.

The fifth had the head, back,. wing coverts, and tail, of a fine’
deep brown:.the under fide of the body, and under wing coverts;,
fine crimfon.

® See Vey. vol. lie Pe 329, 330¢-

Hed Tere ES

‘Fach of thefe birds had a white fpot on the ears; hence it is
:probable they may be varieties of each other: at leaft, we fhatl
Aollow Ofbeck’s fuppofition of their being fo, till juftified by
4uller authority for the alteration.

The defcription is taken from fome Chinefe drawings.

Fringilla alario, Lin. Sy/. i. p. 319+ Qe
Le petit Moineau du Cap de B. Efperance, Bri/. ora. iii. p. 106. pl. 5. £..2.
‘Sparrow from the Cape of Good Hope, /é:z. iii. pl. 67.

JPIGGER than the Houle Sparrow: length four inches one~

third. The bill pale afh-colour: head and neck black; the
“black ending in a point on the breaft: the breaft itfelf, and the
-reft of the under parts, white: thighs rufous: upper parts of
the body chefnut: quills blackifh ; inner part of the leffer ones,
and under the wings, chefnut: tail of this Jaft colour; and the
four outer feathers marked with a longitudinal blackifh fpot at
the tip: the fhape of the tail rather forked: legs brown.

Anhabits the Cape of Good Hope.

Fringilla Maia, Lin. Sy/. is p. 323+ 35.
‘Le Maia de la Cuba, Bri/. orn. iii. p. 214.66. pl. 7. f. 3. (the-female.)—

Buf. cif. ive p. 105. pl. 3.—P/. exl. tog. f. 2. (the female.)—
Rati Syn. p. 155.—Will. orn. p. 386.

LE N GT H three inches three quarters. Bill grey: the

head, neck, and under parts of the body, blackifh: back,
and upper parts, of a purplith chefnut, brighteft on the rump:
acrofs the breaft a purplifh chefnut band: tail of the fame co-
Jour: quills grey brown, edged with chefnut: legs lead-co-
Jour.

Sfa The

ANG

85.
CAPE F,

DESCRIPTION.

Prace.
86.
CUBA F.

DescrivTioONe

316

FEMALE.

Place.

87.
4- BRASILIAN.
F.

DESCRIPTION».

VARIETIES»

By AN Ch

The female differs: in her the bill is whitifh : head, neck, and
upper parts, fulvous : throat purplifh chefnut: on each fide of
the breaft a fpot of the fame colour; the reft of the under parts
dirty yellowifh white: quills and tail fulvous: legs and claws

grey.

Inhabits the ifland of Cuba, where the natives give it the
name of Maia. It is likewife found in the Zaft Indies.

It is a gregarious bird: flies in innumerable flocks, and is
very hurtful to the Réce-fields, which it is a very great deftroyer
cf, and, in all probability, may be found wherever that grain Is.
cultivated. The flefh. is accounted good and: wholefome..

Fringilla granatina, Liz. Syf.i. p. 319. 116
Le Grenadin, Brif. orn. iii. p. 216. 67. pl. g. f. 3.—Buf. oi. iv. ps 1695
pl. 7. f.1.—P/. ent. 109. f. 3.
Red-and-blue Brafilian Finch, £dqw. pl. 191.—Bancr. Guian. p. 1816.
Br. Muf. Lev. Muy.

IZE of the Sifkin: length. four inches three quarters. Bill:
like red coral: irides dark :. eyelids fcarlet: fides of. the-
head, round the eye,, bloffom-coloured violet :_bafe of the bill:
above, blue = throat, lower part of the belly, and thighs, black ::
the reft of the head and body chefnut: the back and fcapulars.
incline to brown: the rump blue: the quills are brown: tail:
cuneiform and black: the legs. pale grey..

Thefe differ in colour: fome have a fpot of brown between the:
bill and eye; and the hinder parts of the body,, both above and
beneath, violet: others are of the fame colour on the lower belly

and

Sr ee Tl Ne (Cay Ety

and thighs as on the upper parts*, In fome birds the tail is.
reddifh }.

The female has the red bill: a little purple under the eyes:
the top of the head fulvous: the back grey brown: throat, and
under parts, pale fulvous: the lower part of the belly and vent
whitifh: the reft much as.in the male, but lefs bright.

This beautiful bird inhabits Braf/, has an agreeable fone,
and is frequently kept in cages by all the Europeans. It is a
lively bird..

SIZE fmall. The bill and head black: the whole body

yellow, inclining to green on the back: the under parts
white and dufky: quills and. tail dufky; the outer edges yel-
low. We

Inhabits China and Ceylon f..

IZE fimall. Bill black: head tawny : back green: breaft
and belly yellowifh white: wings and tail dufky.
In China. I faw this among fome Chinefe drawings. Perhaps.
a different fex of the laft, as.both were on one paper..

* Such an one-is reprefented in. the P/, enluminées. In fome the throat is
of a-.greenifh brown. ‘
+ Baxcroft’s bird was of this colour..

& Mr. Pennants

ds BILL.

3t7

FEMALE.

PLACE.

88.
CEYLON F.

DeEscRIPTION.

Place.

88...
Var. Ao

DESCRIPTIONe

PLAGE.

gi8
89.
BROWN-

THROATED F,

DeEscCRIPTIONe

DescRIPTION.

FEMALEe

LACE.

lid
BLUE FACED
ING

DESCRIPTION,

/PLace.

Bay TN aC Yr,

ILL red: crown of the head green: from the eyes-a line of
white, paffing backwards: throat pale brown beneath a
patch of afh-colour; then a fpot of pale red: the back ferrugi-
nous: rump and vent green: wings dufky: on the lower part
of the quills a yellow-fpot: tail-half yellow half black: legs
yellow.
From China.

‘Fire Bird, ‘Brown. ‘Iiluf?. pl. 2
‘Lev. Muf.

S! ZE of the fmaller-Redpole. Bill dufky; bafe yellowifh:
~ the general colour of the plumage a gloffy brownifh red;
vent rather darkeft: quills dufky: tail the fame, rather cunei-
form: legs pale flefh-colour.

The female is of a pale reddifh brown: the forehead, and “be-
tween the eyes, crimfon: tail reddifh ; fhaped like that of the
male, with the end dufky. >

-Enhabits Gambia, in Africa.

Fringilla tricolor, Liz. Sy/t. is p. 323. 34.
American Sparrow of Seba, Bancroft. 'Guian. p. 182.

HE forehead, temples, and throat, are blue: region of the
noftrils black: the back black: fhoulders green: under
parts yellowifh white: quills black ; the prime ones green on the
outer edge: tail black; even at the end.
Inhabits Surinam. Bancroft’s bird had the breaft of a lively
blue: the rump deep green: the wings and tail purplifh black.

Fringilla

mh NG Cy FL 319.

Fringilla caerulea, mento, gula, alarum bafi, dorfique parte anticd nisris,

gz.
N. C. Petr. xi. p. 434. pl. 15. f. 6. BLUE-HEADED
Le Demi-fin noir & bleu, Buf. oif. v. p. 327. F,

SIZE of the greater Linnet. Bill brown: head and neck ODescrirrion.
blue: between the eyes, acrofs the forehead, a narrow black
line: chin and throat black : acrofs the upper part of the back a
femicircle of black wing.coverts, lower part of the back, and
rump, blue:- breaft, belly, and vent, blue: quills blackifh
brown, edged with blue, appearing. green. in fome. lights :- tail
even; brown black: legs brown.
AZORE-
HEADED F,

Descriptions.

L, ENGTH: four: inches. Bill red: crown of the head pale
blue: hind part of the neck, throat, breaft, and under tail
coverts, red: belly pale afh-colour: back, and leffer wing co-
veits, purplifh: greater coverts green: lower part of the back,
and rump, yellow: quills and tail blue: legs red.
Inhabits China. I faw this among fome fine Chinefe drawings, Place.
in poffeffion of the late Dr. Fothergill.

94-
Fringilla cyanocephala, Miller’s Plates, N° 24. zi chow r

ENGTH feven inches. Bill dufky: crown of the head
blue, bounded behind with red :-round the eye white: hind
part of the neck, and back, pale reddith brown: lower part of
the back, and rump,. pale blue: under parts of the body yellow :
thighs and vent white: middle and greater coverts margined
with white : quills and tail black: legs pale brown.

DeEscRIPTION.

Inhabits

320

PLAGE.

05:
LUNAR F.

Descxrprion,

GREEN-
RUMPED F.

DESCRIPTION.

PLACE.

Pe LAN aCe. FH:
Inhabits Senegal. The four laft feem much allied to each

other; but as they differ in fome particulars, as well as inhabit

different regions, it is not fit that conjecture alone fhould place
them as varieties only.

Fringilla Torquata, Milkr’s Plates, N° 50.

LEN GTH _ fix inches and a half. Bill flender; dufky
black: head, neck, and back, reddifh ; the laft inclining to
brown: rump pale blue: acrofs the throat a narrow crefcent of
black, bounded below with yellow : quills black; the ends of
them blue, with a white fpot at the tip of each: tail and legs
black.
Inhabits the Haft Indies..

ILL blueifh: head, hind part of the neck, upper part .of the
back, and tail, black: cheeks, chin, and the reft of the
under parts, light yellow: vent yellow: wings black; on the
coverts a white fpot; the fecondaries croffed at the ends with
white: lower.part of the back, and thighs, green: legs grey.
From Ceylon *,

© Mr. Pennant.

GENUS

N°

[

Genus XXXVIII.

. Spotted Fl.
seied Ele

Var. A.
Var. B.
Var. C.

a Cape bl.

Var. A.

. Black and white Fl.

Var. A.

. Senegal Fl.

Var. A.

. Crefted D’.

. Bourbon FI.

. Collared FI.

. Black-fronted Fl.
. White-tailed Fl.

. Coromandel FI.

. Spotted Yellow FI.
. Afh-coloured FI.
. Madagafcar Fl.

. Undulated FI.

. Indian FI.

. Rufous-vented Fl,
. Tufted FI.

Vot. II.

321]

PRY CAR CEE R.

35°

. Red-vented FI.
Var. A. Yellow-vented

FI.

. Guava Fl.

. Yellow-breafted Fl.
. Green Fl.

. Wreathed FI.

. Grey-necked Fl.

. Yellow-necked FI.
. Flammeous FI.

. Orange-vented Fl.
. Black FI.

. Philippine Fl.

. Azure FI.

. Blue-headed FI.

. Yellow-throated FI.
. Fan-tailed FI.

. Supercilious Fl.

Olive Fi.

. Luteous FI.

. Yellow-headed FI.
. Yellow-fronted Fl.
. Nevous FI.

. Red-bellied Fl. |
N° 41°

N° 41. Sandwich FI. N° 58. Cayenne FI.

42. Dufky Fl. 59. Fork-tailed Fl.

43. Spotted-winged Fl. 60. Swallow-tailed Fl.

44. Paradife FI. 61. Crefted FI.

Var. A, 62. Tyrant Fl.
Var. B. Var. A.
Vare-C; 63. Louifiane FI.

45. Mutable Fl. 64. Yeilow-crowned FI.
Var. A. 65. Yellow-bellied Fl..
Var. B. 66. Petechial Fl.

46. Striped Fl. 67. Streaked FI.

47. Cinereous Fl. 68. Active Fl.

48. Chattering FI. 69. Surinam FI.

49. Bun Fl. 70. Brown FI.

50. Red-faced FI. 71. Orange-breafted FI.

51. Red-eyed FI. 72. Round-crefted Fl.
Var. A. 73. Rufous Fl.

52. Martinico Fl. — 74. Rufous-bellied Fl.

53. Black-capped Fl. 75. Dwarf Fl.

54. Cat Fl. 76. Petty Fl.

Ge Canada Fl. : 77 Whifkered FI.

56. Cinnamon FI. 78. Purple-throated FY,

57. Yellow-rumped Fl.

ILL flatted at the bafe; almoft triangular; notched at the
end of the upper mandible, and befet with briftles.
Toes divided as far as their origin *,

* Gen. of Birds. This charaéter muft be difpenfed with in fome {pecies;.
which, though true F/ycatchers in every other particular, are more or lefs united
at the bafe, but never fo much as in the Tody genus.

7 é Mufcicapa

ey Wee (C) Ada Cree Ey Re

Mufcicapa Grifola, Lin. Sy. i. p. 328, 20.

Curruca fubfufca, Frifch. pl. 22.?

Le Gobe-mouche, Brif. orn. ii. pe 357+ 12 pl. 35. f. 3.— Buf, off. iv. p. 517.
pl. 25. f. 2.— Pl. exl. 565. f. 1.

Grifola, Raii Syz.-p. 81. 7.—Will. orn. p. 211.

Stoparola Aldrov. ? Razz Syz, p. 77. A. 1.—Will, orn. p. 217.

Cobweb, Mortoz Northampt. p. 426.

‘Spotted Flycatcher, Br. Zool. 1. N° 134.—ArG. Zool.

QIZE of the White Throat: length near five inches and three
quarters. Bill dufky, bafe of it whitith, and befet with thort
briftles: infide of the mouth yellow: the head large, brownifh,
obfcurely fpotted with black: the back of a moufe-colour:
wings, and tail, dufky the firft edged with white: breaft, and
belly, white: throat, and fides under the wings, dafhed with red:
legs black. Male and female much alike.
This bird vifits us in the fpring, and departs in September.
Builds againft any part of a tree that will fupport it; often in the
‘hollow caufed by the decay of fome large limb, hole in a

wall, &c. alfo on old pofts, and beams of barns; and is found -

to return to the fame place feafon after feafon. It is carelefs in
the placing the neft: makes it chiefly of mofs; often with a mix-
ture of wool and fibres. Lays four or five pale eggs, marked
with reddifh.

Tt feeds on infects, and colleéts them on the wing. For this
purpofe it fits on a branch, poft, 8c. and, on one flying by,
leaps after, and, having caught it, returns to the place it fprang
from. This it may be feen to do many times together.

This fpecies frequents orchards where cherries grow, of which

T G2 they

%

323

Ho. sb
4-SPOTTED FL.

DagscriPrion,

PLAcE anwp
Manners.

324

2.
+ PIED FL.

DescRIPTION.

FEMALEe

Pigs Ya Cu Ate dy en yr. Eas

they are faid to be very great deftroyers. Hence, in Kent, are
known by the name of Cherry-fuckers.

They alfo frequent the warmer parts of the European conti-
nent. I believe found nowhere more northward than in our
realms. In the fouthern parts of Rufia pretty common.

A finaller variety is found beyond Lake Baikal *.

Mufcicapa atricapilla, Lia. Syf. i. p. 236. 9. — Frifch. pl. 24. — Kram. el.
De 377s
Le Traquet d’Angleterre, Brif- orn. ill. p. 436. 27.—Buf. oif. v. p. 222.
Coldfinch, Raii Syn. p. 77. A. 5—Will. orn. p. 236.—Edw. pl. 30.
Pied Flycatcher, Br. Zool. i. N° 135.—Ard. Zool.
Br. Muf. Lev. Mu/,

IZE of the Whin Chat: length four inches and three quar-
ters. Bill black: irides hazel: the colours of the bird
merely black and white: the upper parts of the body, wings, and
tail, are black ; the firft of them inclined to dufky, and the fore-
head and under parts white; there is alfo a {pot of white on the
wing, and the outer tail feather is white on the outer web, almoft
to the end+: the upper tail coverts are black and white
mixed {: the legs are black.
The female is brown where the male is black. It wants the
white on the forehead ; and the under parts are dufky white: the
white on the wings 1s alfo lefs pure.

* Mr. Pennant.

+ Willughby’s bird had two of the outer tail feathers white on the margins.
t In fome wholly black.

5 This

Rte C ARC Hak RR

This is indigenous to Exg/and, but I believe nowhere com-

mon. In moft plenty in Yorkfbire, Lancafbire, and Derby-
frire.

Le Gobe-mouche noir, Bri/. orn. 11. p..381. 13.

HIS is above five inches and a half in length; and differs

from the laft in having a mixture of grey on the upper
parts, the thighs mixed brown and white, and three of the
outer tail feathers white on the margin.

Le Gobe-mouche noir 4 Collier, Buf..oi/: iv..p. 520. pl. 25. f. ~r—Pl. ent.
365. f.2. 3.—Kramer el. p, 377. 16.—Frifch. pl. 24.

HIS is like the firft; having only the outer tail feather

white on the margin, but differs in the white on the neck
paffing quite round it, like a collar. Thefe varieties the lefs fur-
prize us, when we are told that the bird varies in plumage in dif-
ferent feafons of the year*; the male only poffeffing the: full
black during the fummer; after that, growing, by degrees, fo
like the female, as not to be known from her. Hence fuch va-
riety of defcription and fentiment concerning this bird.

It is met with in Lorraine and Brie, where it comes the middle
of April. Builds in fome hole of a tree, not very near the
ground. The neft is only a few fibres, mixed with mofs, cover-
ing the bottom of the hole. The eggs fix in number. The food,

* EHift. des oif.

flies,.

325

PLACE.

Ze
Var. Aw

DESCRIPTION.

Zz.
Var. B.

DESCRIPTION».

PLACEs

326 Bs: We: AS Wo Ciel eR.

fiies, and other infects; in taking of which it has the addrefs of

the former.
It is found as far north as Sweden 5 and in Raffa, has been ob-
“ferved between the river Kama and Samara *.
I have alfo feen the bird among fome Chinefe drawings; in-
clining one to think it an inhabitant of Cdizaz but in this, the
{pot on the forehead was very minute.

Vv a C ‘Mufcicapa variegata, Lin. Sy/. i. p. 328. 21.
anor Lev. Muf.

Description, QIZE of the White Wagtail. ‘General colour brown: the
forehead, fides of the head, and all the under parts, white:
there is alfo a line of white from the fhoulders to the middle of
the back: the tail feathers worn at the ends: the outer feathers
white juft at the tip.
Puack. Inhabits India.

CAPE FL: Mufcicapa torquata, Lz. Spf. i. p. 328. 17.
Le Gobe-mouche 4 Collier du Cap de Bonne Efperance, Brifc:orz, i. p. 379»
42. pl. 36. f. 4.—-Pl. enl. 572. £. 20

DESCRIPTION. IZE of the laft. The head, throat, back, wings, and tail,
are black: fides of the neck white, paffing behind in a nar-
ow collar: breaft rufous: belly, thighs, vent, and a large {pot in
the middle of the wing, white: bill dufky: legs brown.
Pracge Inhabits the Cape of Good Hope.

* Mr, Pennant.
Mufcicapa

iia Ct Awa Ce Tee ER:

Mufcicapa Capenfis, Lin. Sy/?. 1. p. 327. 16.
Le Gobe-mouche du Cap de Bonne Efperance, Brif.orz. il. p. 372. 9. pl. 36.
£, 3.—PI. enl. 572. £. 1.

"T HE top of the head, and fides, in this bird are black : throat
white, paffing almoft to the nape on each fide: the hind
part of the neck, back, and rump, are brown: the tail, and its.
coverts, black ;. the feathers of the tail have white tips, and the
outer feathers almoft wholly white on the outer web: wing co-
verts brown, acrofs them a rufous bar: quills dufky, edged with
rufous grey: acrofs the breaft a broad band of black: the reft of
the under parts white : legs yellowifh brown
Found at the Cape of Good Hope with the laft.
In confidering what has been faid before concerning the
changes which happen in our Coldfinch, we readily join Buffon, in
fuppofing the two laft to be male and female of the fame fpecies,.

or that they are very nearly allied to one another.

Le Gobe-mouche 4 ventre blanc de Cayenne, Buf. oi/. iv. p. 542.—Pl. enl.
566. f. 3.
Black and white Flycatcher, Edw. pl. 348. f. 1.

H E forehead, fides round the eyes, fore part of the neck,
rump, and under parts of the body, are white; the reft of
the plumage black, except the baftard wing, which is white, and
a bar of the fame on the greater coverts: the tail is black, but
all the feathers are tipped with white.
This inhabits Cayenne.

327

Ze
Var. A.

DescriPTiom.

PLAceo.

4e
BLACK AND
WHITE EL.

Description,

PLAcE.

328

he
Var. A.

DescrRiPTion.

FEMALE.

PLACE.

io
SENEGAL FL.

DescRIPTION.

Rigi, NaC mAs Te Cart «Eye R.

Le Gillit, ou Gobe-mouche pie de Cayenne, Buf. oi. iv. p. 542.-—Pl. enl.
675. f. 1.

ENGTH four inches and a half. The hind part of the
head and neck, the wings and tail, and rump, black: the
reft of the bird white; and the edges of the fecondaries bordered
with white: bill and legs black.
The female is of an uniform grey colour.
Thefe inhabit the moift meadows of Guiana, where it is called
Gillit. Very like the Pied Flycatcher.

Mufcieapa Senegalenfis, Liz. Sy/?. i. p.237- 15.

Le Gobe-mouche 4 poitrine rouffe du Senegal, Bri/- orn. ll. DP. 374. 10s
pl. 37. f. 2.—PI. ent. 567. f. 1.

Le Gobe-mouche 4 bandeau blanc du Sénégal, Buf. if. iv. p. 528.

IZE of the Pettichaps: length four inches and a quarter.

Bill black, befet at the bafe with briftles: top of the head
brown: from the bill a ftreak of white paffes over the eye to the
hind head: cheeks black: hind part of the neck, and throat, ru-
fous white: back, rump, and fcapulars, blackifh and grey, mixed
with a little white: upper tail coverts black: breaft pale rufous:
fore part of the neck, belly, vent, and edge of the wing, white:
thighs brown and white, mixed: acrofs the wing coverts a white

bar: quills brown, edged with grey: tail black; the four mid-
dle feathers plain; the next, on each fide, tipped with white;

and the three outermoft are white on the outer edges and tips:
legs black,

Mufcicapa

&

Eee Y Pp CoAT: Tey Cx He Ey Re

Mufcicapa Senegalenfis, Liz. Sy. i. p. 237. 15. B.

ie Gobe-mouche 4 poitrine noire du Senegal, Brif. orn. ii. p. 376. 14.
pl. 37. f. 3.—P/. enl. 567. f. 2.

Le Gobe-mouche a bandeau blanc du Sénégal, Buf. oi/. iv. p. 528.

77‘ HIS has the fame white ftreak over the eye as the former
bird; and inftead of the rufous breaft, has a band of black
on the fame part: the upper parts of the plumage are black,
clouded with white; which in the other bird are only dufky and
grey: eight of the middle tail feathers in this bird are black; the
daft but one black tipped with white; and the outer one white on
the outer web and tip, otherwife black : lees black.
Thefe are found at Senegal, and feppofed to be male and
female.

Le Gobe-mouche hupé du Senegal, Bri/. orn, ii. ps 422. 33. pl. 39. f. 2.—
Buf. oif. iv. p.530.—P. enl. 573. f. 2.

S IZE of our Yellow Wagtail: length eight inches and a quar-

ter. Bill deep afh-colour: the head, throat, and fore part of
the neck, are gloffy black, changing into green in fome lights;
the feathers of the crown long, forming a creft: the upper parts
of the neck, wing coverts, fcapulars, back, and rump, are chef-
nut: breaft, and under parts, deep afh-colour: greater coverts,
and quills, brown, with chefnut edges: tail purplith chefnut, four
inches long, and greatly cuneiform in fhape: legs grey.

Inhabits Senegal.

Vou, II. Uu Le

oe
Var. A.

DeEscRiPTion.

Plats.

6.
CRESTED
SENEGAL FL.

DESCRIPTIONS

Place.

33°

Vk
BOURBON FL.

Descriprion.

Puacs,.

&
COLLARED FL.

DiscnriPrion.

“PLack.

=

Be Yay Ag C0 a ES URS

Le Gobe-mouche hupé de- L’Ifle de Bourbon; Brif. orm, il, p. 4200. 325.
pl. 39. f. 5.—P?. enl. 573. f 1.

ESS than the laft: length five inches and a third: Bill:
grey: head greenifh black, gloffed with violet: throat, and:
all the under parts, afli-colour: back, leffer wing coverts, and”
tail, pale chefnut; the fecond and third'coverts are black; the-
firft tipped with rufous, the laft' with white :- quills black, edged.
with chefnut: the rump grey: legs brown.
Inhabits the [le of Bourbon.

Buffon fuppofes the poffibility of thefe being one and the fame
fpecies; but in this laft the tail is of: a moderate fize, whereas in:
the firit ic is half the length of the bird.

Le Gobe-mouche 4 Collier du Senegal, Bri/- orz. il. p. 370.:8. pl. 36. & t-
Gobe-mouche 4 Gorge brune du Senegal, Buf. oif. iv. p..533«
—— roufle, P/. enl, 567. f: 3.

S IZE of the firft fpecies: length: four inches: and. three~

quarters. Bill’black: the head, and all above, to the rump;
deep: afh-colour: throat, and’ fore: part of the neck,, brownifh.
chefnut ; the lower part of this:is bounded: by a tranfverfe black.
line: breaft and under parts: white: thighs: dufky and white
mixed: wings black; acrofs the coverts a white band: quills
black, edged with grey: tail black ;- all but the two middle fea-
thers tipped with white; the outer one white on the outer web:.
legs cinereous: claws browns.

Inhabits Senegal.

Leu

Tucie Yo Cheat ia OC) ERS

Lev. Mf.

SIZE of the Co/djinch: leneth four inches and a half. Bill

dufky: forehead, and fides of the head, black, ending in a
point behind each eye: the reft of the upper parts of the plu-
amage brown: the chin, and throat, yellow: belly olive brown:
tail the fame, except the two middle: feathers, which are plaio
brown: legs black.

‘EN GTH four inches and a half. Bill black, befet with a
few hairs at the bafe: the plumage above, cinereous grey ;
beneath, white: the two middle tail feathers are black; the
others black and white, divided obliquely ; the outer feather
nearly all white: legs black.
From the Cape of Good Hope.
JIn‘the collection of Sir Fofeph Banks.

‘Le Gobe-mouches de Pondichéry, Son. Voy. Ind. vol. ii. p. 498.

Little bigger than a Sparrow. Bill black: the head deep
cinereous gtey: over the eye a ftreak of white, paffing al-
moft to the hind head: the neck behind, the back, wings, and
tail, like the head: the wing coverts tipped with a triangular
white fpot: all the tail feathers, except the two middle ones,
grey halé-way fromthe bafe; the reft of their length white; as
Uu2 are

331
BLACK-
FRONTED FL:

DeEscrRiPTLON.

10.
WHITE-
TAILED FL.

DescripTione

Practé

11.
COROMANDEL ~
FL.

Descriprrong-

332

Pace.

TZ.
SPOTTED
YELLOW FL.
DeEscRIPTION.

COLOURED FL,

DeEscRiPTiIoN.

Bie Ye) Cy, AY Ts, Cy) PR EF Re

are the fore parts of the neck, breaft, and belly: the legs
black.

This inhabits the coaft of Coromandel.

Its fong is very agreeable, and occafions it to be called the:
Indian Nightingale. ;

ENGTH eight inches. Bill fomewhat broad at the bafe,.
flightly curved at the tip, and briftly at the gape: crown of
the head rufous, ftreaked with black: wings, and tail, rufous 3.
the firft edged with dufky brown: quills dufky brown : the body.
of dirty pale yellow, marked on the upper parts and the neck.
with irregular dufky’fpots; on the fides of the neck two or three
dufky blotches; and from the corners of the mouth a ftreak of
the fame: the under parts are marked with irrecular fpots, for
the moft part placed tranfverfely, but in. the thighs lengthwife:s-
legs dufky afh-colour.
From the Cape of Good Hape..

Le grand Gobe-mouche cendré de Madagafcar, Brifv orm. ii. p. 389, 18:-
- ph 36. f..1.— PI, enl: 541.
Le Kinki-manou de Madagafcar, Buf. oi/. iv. p. 584.

IZE of the Cinereous Shrike: length eight inches and a half.
Bill black; the bafe furnifhed with black hairs: the head,.
nape, and throat, blackifh afh-colour; the reft of the neck, and

‘upper parts, of a fine afh-colour = from the breaft to the vent the
dame, but paler: vent white: quills dufky,. with cinereous edges:

7 tail.

BeLo YC. AGE € HE R.

tail black ; the two outer feathers pale afh-colour at the tips, and
the two middle ones wholly afh-colour, with blackifh ends.

Inhabits Madaga/car ; and known there by the name of Kinki-
manus

‘Le Grand. Figuier de Madagafear, Brif’ornviii.-p. 482. N° 46. pl. 24: f. s-
Le Vira-ombé de Madagafcar, Sou. Voyo Ind. iio p. 198.

\I ZE of a Lark: length feven inches and a half. Bill ftout,
~ and above one inch in length ;. the upper mandible bent at the

tip; colour brown: general colour of the plumage olive green,.
paleft beneath : throat yellow: on the fore part of the neck and.

breaft a yellowifh tinge: legs grey..
Inhabits Madaga/fcar ; where it is called Tadic.
Le Gobe-mouche de L’Ifle de France, Buf. o:/. iv. pe 52'7--

THIS is: rather lefs than the Coldfinch,. and fhorter in the
body. The head blackifh brown: wings rufous brown: the

reft of the plumage compofed of an irregular mixture of whitifh.

and brown, in fhape of waves, or {mall fpots..

The female, or what was taken for fuch, has-a greater portion

of white, with a mixture of pale rufous on the breaft and belly:
the brown on the various parts of the body inclined to grey, but
the colours difpofed as in the former.

Inhabits the Ile of France,

333

Place, |
14e
MADAGASCAR
FL.-

DEscRIPTION+-

PLACEw

Cel aite
UNDULATED:
FL,

DeEscRIPTIONs

FEMALE>-

Pua CEo

334

16.
‘INDIAN FL.

DgscriPTion.

(FEMALE.

_PLAacg.

17.
RUFOUS-
VENTED FL.
DeEseriPTioy.

*PLACE.

06.
TUFTED FL.

,DescRIPTION.

sPLASE.

ERGs wee AN DAC ed | OR aR

Le Gobe-mouche de L’Ifle de Bourbon, Bri/--orn. ii. p. 360. 2. pl. 39. f. 4

‘QIZE of-the firft fpecies: length four inches and three quar-

ters. Bill brown: the head, and hind part of the neck,
-brown,: marked here and there with fmalli rufous {pecks, efpecially
on the margins: baek, rump,-and wings, much.the fame.: throat,

and fore part of the neck, dirty white: from the breaft to the

vent pale rufous: quills, and tail, brown; the firft edged and
tipped with rufous; the laft-only .edged with the fame: legs
brown.

“The female has thofe parts of a dirty white, which are rufous-in
the male.

Found at the If of Bourbon; where it is called Zeéfec.

Gobe-mouche de L’Ifle de Bourbon, Pl. ex/. 572. £. 3.

JLENGT Hi four inches and three quarters: colour wholly
black, except the vent and under tail coverts, which are ru<
fous: legs pale red.
Said to inhabit the J/le of Bourbon.

32 1L:L black, and crooked at.the point: head crefted; that,
the cheeks, and chin, black: hind part of the neck, back,
«wings, and tail, the fame; the two middle feathers of the laft
tipped with white: rump, fides of the neck, breaft, and belly,
white: vent yellow, legs blueith.
Anhabits Ceylon.

Red-vented

I. ie Ye Ce Ate. © Ty E Re

Red-vented Flycatcher, Brown’s Il. p, 78. pl. 310-

> ENGTH four inches and a half. Bill blueifi: head
black, and flightly crefted: the neck, and upper parts of the

body, clouded brown: breaft, and belly, .white: vent red :.tail.

black : legs.dufky.
Inhabits the ifland of Cey/on.:.

Yellow-vented-Flycatcher, Brown's Ill, p. 76. pl. 31.:-

JLENGTH four inches and a half. Bill black: forehead,
and crown, black, and crefted: fides of the:neck, breaft, and
belly, white: vent yellow: tail long, dufky, croffed near the end
with.a bar of white: lees dufky..
Inhabits the ifland of Fava.

From the great fimilarity of the two figures, this appears to

differ from.the laft merely.in fex, if not.a variety--

Petit Goiavier de Manille, Son. Voy. p. 59. pl. 28.

SOMEWHAT lefs than a Sparrow. Bill black: irides of
a pale yellow: crown of the head black::over the eyes a line
of white, extending almoft to the hind head: fromthe bafe of the

lower jaw to the eye another of black: the upper parts of the-

body are of a.dull brown, not unlike wmber: quills, and tail, the
fame, but deeper: the under parts are white, except the vent,
which is of a pale yellow: legs black.

This inhabits Manilla, and is frequent about habitations; and-

is. obferved frequently to. perch:on the Gaavas, the fruit of:
which.

338

193
RED-VENTED”
FL.

DeEscRIPTIONo-

Prace,

19.
Var A.
YELLOW-
VENTED FL.

DeEscRiPTION-

Place.

206
GUAVA FL...

DeEscraPTioné

Pracss:.

336 |

216
YELLOW-

BREASTED FL.

DEscCRIPTION.

PLACE.

22.
GREEN FL.
DescripTion.
Place.

23.
WREATHED

FL.

DEscRIPTION.

Be Ye CoA ye A Ee Re

which the natives fuppofe it to be fond of ; but it is full as pro-
bable that its fearch is after the infects which frequent the trees,
as the fruit itfelf.

This feems to have fome affinity to the laft.

Yellow-breaited Flycatcher, Browa’s I. p.:80._ pl. 82.

IZE of a Goldfinch. Bill grey: head, and cheeks, black:
back, and wing coverts, cinereous brown, mixed with yellow z
breaft yellow: quills, and tail, dufky, edged with pale yellow:
legs pale blue.
Inhabits Ceylon ; where it is called Malkala-kourla, It is much
admired by the natives for its fong, and frequently kept in cages
for that purpofe. .

IZE of a large Humming Bird. Bill flender, and rather Jong:
head, back, and wing coverts, a variable green and gold: tail
long, green on the outer webs, dufky within: wings dufky <
throat, and breaft, fox-colour: rump, and belly, yellow.
Inhabits India *.

Le Gobe-mouches verdatre de la‘Chine, Son. Voy. Ind. vol. ii p. 167.

IGGER than a Houfe Sparrow. Bill black: irides red:
the head black: over the eye a ftreak of white, arifing from

* Mr, Pennants

the

Poe CM rie Hoe k

the bill, and paffing to the hind head, making a fort of wreath:
the hind part of the neck, the back, rump, wing coverts, and
tail, greenifh grey: the quills yellowifh green: the throat white:
fore part of the neck and breaft greyifh: the belly and vent pale
yellow: legs black.

Inhabits China *.

HE upper parts of this bird are black: acrofs the wing co-
verts a band of white: fore part of the neck dark grey:
breaft and belly pale red: the tail a little cuneiform: legs yel-
lowifh brown.
Inhabits China.

ENGTH fix inches anda half. Bill red: the forehead,
over the bill, dufky black: on each fide the jaw a ftreak of
the fame, like a whifker: round the eye yellowith, paffing in a
ftreak behind, where it is pointed: upper parts of the body
green; fore part of the neck yellow, inclining to red on the fides
of the breaft: top of the head pale yellow: belly pale green,
marked with three fpots of yellow one above the other: quills
dufky, edged with yellow: tail the fame, and much forked ; the
two middle feathers tippéd with white: legs reddifh.
From China: called there Quy lum long fn.

* The Wreathed Shrike, vol. i. p. 178. feems to bear much affinity to this.

Vo. II. >, G58 Mufcicapa

337

Pract.
Zhe
GREY-NECKED
FL.

DescriPriok.

PLACE.

256
YELLOW-
NECKED FL.
DEsCRIFTION.

PLACE.

338
26.
FLAMMEOUS
FL.

DEscRIPTION.

FEMALE.

PLaceE.

27.

OR ANGE-
VENTED FL.
DEscRIPTIONe

28>
BLACK FL.

DESCRIPTION.

Bide MCs, Aik Teese iE: y ie.

Mufcicapa flammea, Zool. Ind. p. 25. pl. 15.

HE bill in this bird is black: the head, neck, thighs, wings,

and tail, the fame: the middle coverts of the wings, the
back, and under parts from the breaft, orange-colour: there is.
alfo a mixture of the laft in the fecond quills; and the tips of the
tail feathers are of the fame colour : the legs black,

The female, or what.is fuppofed: to be, has the head and back
afh-coloured : chin black: breaft and rump orange : the reft of.
the under parts yellowifh white: the wings blaek, with a bar of
orange acrofs the middle: the tail black above, and _ yellow:
beneath.

Inhabits India...

LENGTH fixinches. Bill red: head a.trifle crefted: the:
upper parts of the plumage pale brown; the under, dufky
white: rump and vent orange; tail fomewhat. forked: legs.

purplith..

This I faw among fome fine Chinefe drawings, in poffeffion of
the late Dr. Fothergill. Probably the female of the. laft fpecies,
or a variety of it..

Le Gobe-mouche noir de L’Ifle de Lugon, Sox. Voy. p. 58. pl. 27. f. ze

IZE of the Long-tailed Titmoufe. Bill black: irides
brownifh: the head, throat, and all the upper parts of the.

body, are black, gloffed with violet :. the under parts, from the
breaft,

B19 i GWE © HF RF,

breaft, dufky grey: on the middle of each wing a fpot of white:
legs black. 3

This inhabits the Philippine Tlands, and Madagafcar: at the
laft, the.inhabitants call it Leffacourbé.

Le Moucherolle des Philippines, Buf.oi/. iv. p. 565.

SI ZE of a Nightingale. The upper parts of the plumage
grey brown: above the eyes a ftreak of white: the bafe of
the bill is befet with long hairs: the under parts of the body ate
whitifh.
Inhabits the Philippine Ilands.

Le petit Azur, Buf. oif-iv. p.534-
Le Gobe-mouche bleu des Philippines, P/. ex/. 666. £. 1.

LEN GTH five inches. General colour of the plumage
glofly azure blue, except at the hind part of the head and
the breaft, on both which is a black fpot: belly, thighs, and
vent, blueifh white: quills and tail blue black; the firft edged
swith blue grey: bill black: legs pale reddifh brown.
Inhabits-the Philippine Iflands.

Le Gobe-mouche 4 téte bleuatre de L’Ifle de Lugon, Son. Voy. p. 57. pl. 26.
4, 1.

IZE of a Linnet. Bill brown: the head of a deep blue,
nearly black: throat, back, wing coverts, and tail for almoft

‘its whole length, of a deep red; the tips of the feathers black ;
xX x 2 : the

S39

PLACE.

290
PHILIPPINE FL,

Description.

Puacke

306
AZURE FL.

DiscrirpPrion.

Pracee

- Ble
BLUE-HEADED
FL.

DESCRIPTION.

340

Prace.

32.
YELLOW-
THROATED
FL.

DsscriPTION.

Pracr.

33°
FAN-T AILED

FL.
PL. XLIX.
DeEscRIPTione

Fock, YA VAY TOM ee. EAR!

the fhape of it forked: the breaft, belly, and vent, pale brown:
legs brown. ;
Inhabits the ifland of Manilla.

Le Gobe-mouche a Gorge jaune de L’Ifle de Lugon, Son. Voy. p. 57. pl. 26>
f, 2.

OMEWHAT bigger than the laft. The top and fides of

the head black: hind head grey; below this black: on the
cheeks two tranfverfe bands of white: throat yellow: breaft red-
difh: middle of the belly yellow; fides of it, and vent, white :
the upper parts of the bird are grey: middle of the back chef-
nut, extending itfelf over the wings, which are croffed with a
ftripe of white: quills black, edged with brown: the two mid-
dle tail feathers are black, the others white: bill and legs

brown.
Inhabits the ifland of Manilla.

I ZE of the Bearded Titmoufe: length fix inches and a half.

Bill black, a little bent, and furnithed with briftles at the
bafe: the irides hazel: the whole head, tal king in the eyes, is
black ; this defcends on the back part lower than the nape, from
whence it paffes forwards in a narrow collar to the throat: the
chin, throat, and fides of the neck,- except where this collar:
pafles, are white ; and over the eye is a white ftreak like an eye-
brow: the upper parts of the body are olive brown, the quills
darkeft, and fome of the wing coverts tipped with white: the

under parts yellowith ruft-colour, growing gmail towards the
vent «:

XLIX.

ad

San-taled Hycaleher.

nm yey Clue te Hk R:

vent: the tail is longer than the body, and. cuneiform in fhape ;
the two middle feathers black ; the others white: the legs
dufky.

This inhabits the fouthern ifle of New Zealand. Dr. Forfter
informs me, that it is an exceeding familiar {pecies; is conftantly
hunting after infects ; and flies always with its tail fpread in
fhape of a fan: is eafily tamed, and will then fit on any per-
fon’s fhoulder and pick the flies off. It has a chirping kind
of note, not to be called a fong. It is called by the natives
Diggo-wagh-wagh.

This is fubjet to. variety. One met with in the ifland of
Tanna, was darker in colour: the two middle tail feathers of a
footy black, with white fhafts, the inner margins and tips
whitifh; the others. have the inner webs deep black, the fhafts
paler black, and the outer webs almoft wholly grey..

I find alfo a fecond variety in the collection of Sir Fofeph Banks,
which had only the outer tail feathers white; the others white,
with the margins dufky. This fpecimen was full feven inches in
length, and came from Dufky Bay..

Lev. Mif..

ENGT H four inches and a half. Bill black: upper parts
of the body cinereous: before the eye black, paffing over it
in a flender line: under parts of the body pale reddifh white :
-tail cuneiform; the two middle feathers black; the next white
at the tip; the others all white: legs brown.
From whence unknown.

SIZE.

34%

Prace anp
Manners.

VARIETIES.

34s
SUPERCILIOUS:
FL.

DeEscRIPTIONe.

342
35°
OLIVE FL.

DeEscRIPTIONs

PLAce.

36.
LUTEOUS FL.

DESCRIPTION.

PLAGE?

37°
YELLOW-
HEADED FL.

DEscRIPTIONs

PLACE.

38.
YELLOW-
FRONTED FL.

DESCRIPTION.

Bo, MC (A Ro Gy Ey aR.

S! Z E of a Chaffinch: length fix inches. General colour olive
green on the upper parts; yellowifh white beneath: chin
and vent yellow: quills ferruginous: legs dufky.
Inhabits New Caledonia.

EN GT Hi fix inches. Bill three quarters of an inch, and
lead-colour; ftrait, rather ftout, and a trifle bent atthe tip;
bafe hairy : irides the colour of the bill : general colour of the plu-
mage like yellow oker, mottled with dufky on the wing coverts
and quills: the tail is one inch and three quarters long, and dufky
for one third next the tip: legs of a pale afh-colour: claws black.
This fpecies is common at Ofabeite, where it is known by the
name of Oo mamao pooa hou.

ENGTH five inches and a half. Bill feven lines, rather
ftout, and bent only at the tip; noftrils covered by a mem-
brane ; bafe of the bill briftly: irides hazel: the head, neck, and
breaft, golden yellow: upper parts dufky pale yellowith green,
inclining en the rump to afh-colour: belly, thighs, and vent,
white: legs black : claws long.
Anhabits. Queen Charlotte's Sound, in New Zealand. —

EN GT Hi five inches and a half. Bill three quarters of an
inch, of a pale lead-colour; few or no briftles at the bafe:

the upper parts of the body yellow olive: forehead, and under

3 parts,

Pale

cy

“NA

seep

as

=
as

—

e ked WM A yoatchers

By Ee, Ca Ant) (Ge Hom Re

parts, yellow: eye yellow ;.round the back part of it a half cref-
cent of white: the wings are brown, edged with yellow : quills
nearly black, edged with the fame: tail olive brown, with the
end paleft: legs pale blue.

This was met with at the ifland of Tanna..

J ,ENGT H eight inches. and three quarters. Bill black,
three quarters of an inch in length, bent at the tip, and fur-
nifhed with a few hairs at the bafe: irides pale afh-colour: eye-
lids black: above, the plumage is dufky black; beneath, paler :
middle of back and fhoulders marked with white: legs black.
Inhabits New Caledonia.

For the fix:laft I. am indebted to the drawings of Sir Fofeph

Banks. .

Lev. Muf.

LE NGTH four inches and a half. Bill black, three quar-
ters of an inch in length, and a little curved at the end; the
lower mandible yellowith at the bafe: the head, neck, back, fides,

thighs, wings, and tail, black :. forehead and lower wing coverts-

white: the breaft and belly of a deep carmine: vent reddifh:
legs long and flender, and of a yellowifh brown.
The female is brown in thofe parts where the male is black

the chin, and between the eye and bill, .cinereous brown: breatt.

and belly pale orange: vent, fides, and thighs, yellowifh white. |
This fpecies inhabits Norfolk Dland, in the South Seas, and, as

Dr. :

343.

Prace.

39-
NAZVOUS FL.
DgscriPTIONe —

PLaczo -

402
RED-BELLIED®
BL.

Brust.

DescriPrione-

FEemMaLes

PLACEs-

344

Ie
SANDWICH FL.

DeEscRIPTION.

PLAcz.

426
DUSKY FL.

DeEscRIPTIONe

PLACE.

BLS Yan € A Ti Gage Bios

Dr. Forfter informs me, is chiefly found in the moft unfrequented
parts of it.

A fpecimen of the male I met with in the collection of Sir
Fofeph Banks. The female is in the Leverian Mufeum.

EN GT H five inches and a half. Bill black, briftly at the
bafe, where it is yellowifh: forehead buff-coloured: over
the eye a white line: the upper parts of the body brown: wing
coverts edged with pale ruft-colour; greater quills brown; both
of them tipped with dufky white: tail brown; all the feathers,
except the two middle ones, tipped with white: the chin is pale,
marked with dufky ftreaks: on each fide of the neck a mixture
of white: breaft ruft-colour: belly and vent yellowifh white :
legs black.
Inhabits the Sandwich Dflands.
Tn the collection of Sir Fofeph Banks.’

Lev. Muf.

EN GT H feven inches and three quarters. Bill broad at
the bafe, where there are-a few briftles, and flightly notched
near the tip: general colour of the plumage brown, paleft be-
neath, inclining to afh-colour, with a tinge of rufous on the belly:
tail three inches long; even at the end, and the feathers -rather
pointed: legs dufky.
Inhabits the Sandwich Iflands.

Lev.

Fi ay). G2 A GC: HE OR.

Lev. Mu.

ILL black; bafe of the under mandible yellow at the

edges: the plumage on the upper parts of the body ferru-
ginous brown; the head paleft: on each of the wing coverts, at
the tip, is a round ferruginous white fpot: the rump ferrugi-
nous: quills dufky: the under parts of the body pale reddifh
brown, changing to reddifh white on the bottom of the belly :
vent the fame, but the feathers tipped with a ftill paler colour :
tail brown ; the outer feather marked at the tip of the inner web
with white: legs black.

Suppofed to inhabit the Sazdwich SIlands.

Mufcicapa paradifi, Liz. Syf.1. p. 324. to
La Pie de l’Ifle de Papoe, Brif: orm ii. p. 45. 6.
Le Troupiale hupé de Madraft, Bri/. orz., ii. p. 920
Le-Gobe-mouche blanc hupé du Cap de Bonne Efperance, Bri/. ora. li. p.
AI4. 29. ple At. f. 2——P/, enl. 2340 f. 2.
Le Moucherolle huppé téte couleur d’Acier poli, Buf. oi/: iv. p. 558.
La Yardiole, Buf. cif. iii. p. 105. ;
Avis parad. or. ex albo nigroque varius, Sebai. pl. 52. f. 3.
Pied Bird of Paradife, Edw. pl. 113.—Raié Syn. p. 195. pl. 2. f. 13.
Br. Muf.

S! ZE of a Lark: length eight inches and a quarter. The
bill blackifh, befet with briftles at the bafe: the head, hind
part of the neck, and throat, greenifh black: the feathers on
the crown pretty long, fufficient to form a creft: the back,
rump, fore part of the neck, and from thence to the vent,
You. II. Nan, ‘white ;

345

43.
SPOT'TED-
WINGED FL.

DESCRIPTION.

PLace.

44
PARADISE FL.

DeEscRIPTIONe

346

PLACE,

44
Var. A.

DESCRIPTION

BS, Yes AT Ce Bi Re

white: wing coverts the fame, with black fhafts ; the greater
coverts black, margined all round with white: quills black,
edged with white: the tail cuneiform; all the feathers white,
with the fhafts black: the legs lead-colour.

This fpecies is found at Senegal, and the Cape of Good Hope;
alfo at. Madaga/car. At the firft-named place it frequents the
borders of the rivers Gambia and Niger, and lives on flies,
like the reft of the genus.

The three birds defcribed in Briffen *, here drawn together,
differ much in length; but this arifes merely from the want or
prefence of the two middle tail feathers, which alone are fifteen
inches in length.

Mufcicapa paradifi, Liz. Sy/f. 1. pe 325. 1.
Le Gobe-mouche hupé du Cap de Bonne Efperance, Brif. orz. il. p. 418. 316
pl. 41. fir.

SIZE of the Fly-catcher: length feven inches and a half. Bill

black, befet with briftles at the bafe and noftrils: head,
throat, and hind part of the neck, greenifh black; the feathers
of the firft long and narrow, forming a long creft: the reft of
the upper parts are pale chefnut: fore part of the neck and
breaft grey ; from thence to the vent white: quills pale chefnut ;
the outer are fhorteft by an inch and a half : tail cuneiform, chef-
nut, the fhaft paleft : legs lead-colour.

* The firft of thefe came from the ifland of Papou, and meafures in the
whole twenty inches. The natives call it Waygeboe, or Wardive.

Crefted

(Boley Cv caer Tye Ce. Fe Rs Re

Crefted long-tailed Pie, Edw. pl. 325.
Br. Mu,

HIS differs from the laft in having all the under parts
nearly white: and the breaft of a blueifh afh-colour.

Le Gobe-mouche hupé du Brefil, Bri/. orn. il. p. 416. 30.
Avis paradifiaca, Brafilienfis, feu Cuiriri Acamaky criftata, Seba il. pl. 87.
faze

ENGT H feven inches. Bill reddifh, befet with briftles at

the bafe: irides fire-colour : head and throat gloffy greenifh
black: head crefted: all the upper parts of the body pale
chefnut; the under white: the wing coverts of an elegant
gold-colour: quills and tail pale chefnut: tail cuneiform in
fhape.

Said by Seba to inhabit Brafil; but no one has brought it
from thence fince his time; it may therefore prove to be a mere
variety of the fpecies it is here joined to, and brought from the
fame place of the above birds, placed here as varieties. The
male is faid to be the dark-coloured, and the female the white
one ; and that the laft is alfo fmaller than its mate.

Mufcicapa mutata, Liz. Spf. 1. p. 325. N° 2.

Le Gobe-mouche varié a longue queue de Madagafear, Bri/. orn, ii. p. 430.
36. pl. 40. f. 3.

Gobe-mouche a longue queue & ventre blanc, PJ. exl. 248. f. 2.—Buf, oif.
Iv. p. 568.

IZE of a Sparrow: length eleven inches and a half, of
which the tail meafures feven inches anda half, The bill is
x y.2 flatted

347

Ad.
Vaut B.

DESCRIPTIONs

44.
Var. C.

DEscRIPTiIoN.

PLacs

45.
MUTABLE Fi.

DescrirpTiows

348

Piacg.

45-
Var. A.

DeEscripTion.

PLACE.

45°
Var.

DeEscriPprion.

Bap: Yo Acea Cabin: By Re

flatted at the bafe, three quarters of an inch long, and black,
befet at the bafe with briftles: irides yellow: eyelids blue: the
head is crefted: that, the neck, and back, are of a greenifh black,
and the back mixed with white: the breaft and under parts are
alfo white: wings black; the middle part of them all the way
lengthwife white: the two middle tail feathers are four inches
and a quarter longer than the others, and white their whole
length, except at the tip, where there is a fpot of black; the
fhaft is alfo black; the others are white within, and black
outwards, and when clofed appear wholly black: legs black.
Found at Madagafcar, where it is faid to be called Schet.

Mufcicapa mutata, Liz. Sy/P. ie Pp. 325+ 2.
Le Gobe-mouche a longue queue de Madagafcar, Bri/. orn. ii. p. 424. 3.4.
pl. 40. f. 1.— PI. enl. 248. f. Te
Schet-all, Buf. off. iv. p. 568.
IZE of the laft: length eight inches and a half. Bill
black : irides yellow: eyelids blue: head crefted, black :

the reft of the body, and tail, bright cinnamon-colour ; round
the knees mixed with white: the wings are black, with the
middle of them longitudinally white, as the other.

Inhabits Madagafcar.

Mufcicapa mutata, Lin. Sy. 1. p. 325. 2-
Le Gobe-mouche 4 longue queue blanche de Madzea(cat, Brif, ort. lis Pe.

427-35. pl. 40. f. 2.
Schet vouloulou, Buf. of. iv. p. 569.

IZE of the others. The head of a greenifh black, and
glofiy; the top crefted: irides yellow: eyelids blue: the
reft of the body of a fine chefhut: wings black, with the fame

long patch of white down the middle as in the others: the
two

Bycline Ca cAve 1) 1) Hyak) .Re

two middle long feathers are white, bordered with black for
half the length; the fhaft is alfo black; the four next on each
fide chefnut ; and the owter feather black, except on the inner
web, which is white for nearly the whole length.

Inhabits Madaga/car, where it is called Schet-vouloulou.

I have, according to the fentiments of Linneus, divided the

feven laft-defcribed birds into two fpecies, although I am not.

quite clear as to the propriety of it, as I fear they will, on our
better acquaintance with them, prove mere varieties, or fexual
differences; however, the three laft-mentioned differ from the
others, as far as defcription goes, in having the two long tail
feathers much longer in proportion ; and in all of them the mid-
dle of the wing is white, and the eyelids blue; whereas no fuch
characteriftics are found In the four firft-defcribed.

Mufcitapa ftriata, Striped Fly-catcher, Phél. Tranf. vol. Ixiv. p. 406.—
Miller’s Plates, N° 15. A. B.

IZE of the Black-cap Titmoufe: length five inches. Bill
black ; bafe of the under mandible yellowifh: crown black ;
hind head black and white : cheeks white: throat yellowifh white,
fpotted with brown: breaft whitifh: fides fpotted with black :
belly white: back greentfh afh-colour, ftriped with black : rump
inclining to afh-colour, and fpoited with black: on the wing
coverts two bars; the upper one yellowifh white, the lower
white : tail brown; the outer feather has a fpot of white on the
inner web; the fecond the fame, but fmaller; the third only
margined with white within: legs yellow : claws pale brown.
The female has the head of a ereenifh yellow, ftreaked with
flender lines of black : over the eyes a yellow line: eyelids yel-

low :

349

PLACE.

46.
STRIPED FL.

DESCRIPTION.

FemMats,

450 Pes” YC AN TC eR,

low : throat, cheeks, and breaft, whitifh yellow, fprinkled with
oblong fpots of brown, from the fides of the mouth to the
breaft: the reft as inthe male, but greener on the back, and
ftreaked more fparingly.

PLACE. Inhabits North America, viliting Severn River only in the
fummer-feafon.

47. Mufcicapa virens, Liz. Sy. 1. p. 236. 116
CINEREOUS Le Gobe-mouche cendré de la Caroline, Bri/. orn. ii. p. 368. 7.
Hdl brun de D°, Buf. oi/. iv. p. 543.

Little Brown Flycatcher, Cate. Cari. p. 54
Cinereous Flycatcher, 4rd. Zool.
Br. Muf.

DescriPTions GIZE of the Spotted Flycatcher: length five inches three
quarters. The upper mandible black ; the under yellow ;
bafe befet with briftles: the head and upper parts are dark
afh-colour : the under yellowifh white : wings brown, edged with
white: tail brown: legs black.
Pace. Found in Carolina in fummer ; breeds there, and departs
again{t winter.

Le Merle verd de la Caroline, Brif. orn. iis p. 315. N° 55.—Baf. oi/. iiie

43.
CHATTERING 6
FL. Pp: 39 9
Yellow-breaited Chat, Caze/b. Car. is ps 506
Chattering Flycatcher, 4rd. Zool.
DESCRIPTION» HIS is a trifle bigger than a Lark: the length feven inches

three quarters. The bill ten lines long, and black: the
head, and upper parts of the body, dull green: over the eyes a

ftreak of white, and beneath a fmall white fpot: in the direc-
tion

By ep, CeeAR Tre. Hye: RB.

tion of the under jaw a flender white line: the throat, and be-
neath as far as the belly, yellow; from thence to the vent dirty
white: the quills are dull green: the tail brown: legs and claws
black.

This is found in Carolina, but not in the inhabited parts,
being chiefly met with two or three hundred miles from the fea.
It frequents the banks of great rivers, and is very fhy. Flies
with the legs extended: faid to fing well, a ndisthought to
feed on the feed of the Purple-flowered Solanum.

ENERAL colour brown, inclining to afh-colour beneath :
the throat and vent fpotted with white.
Inhabits the parts about Lake Baikal, and in the eaft part of
Sibiria. Obferved alfo in Kamt/chatka*.

HE upper parts of this bird are mottled: the under white :
beneath the wings rufous: the forehead red.
Inhabits the parts about the river Jeni/ei *.

Mufcicapa olivacea, Liz. Syff. i. ps 237. 146
Le Gobe-mouche de la Jamaique, Brif. orn. ii. p. 410. 27.
—ee ‘Caroline, & dela Jamaique, Buf. oi/. iv. p. 539+
Olive-coloured Flycatcher, Edw. pl. 253.
Red-eyed Flycatcher, Caze/>. Car. pl. 54.—Brows. Fam. ps 476.—Ard. Zool
Br. Muf. Lev. Muf.

- ENGT H # five inches and a half. Bill lead-colour; bafe
of the under mandible pale, and befet with briftles : irides
red: all the upper parts of the plumage are greenifh olive

* Mr, Pennant.
6 brown :

Jat

PLACE.

49.
DUN FL.

DeEscRIPTION.
Place.
50.
RED-FACED
FL.
DeEscRIPTION,

PLACE.

Glo
+ RED-EYED

°

DescrRiPTiows

352

PracE AND
MANNERS.

51.
Var. A.

DeEscriPTION.

PLace.

52>
MARTINICO
FL.

DEscRIPTION,

PLace.

Fea (Yee AT Come EP GR.

brown: through the eyes a brownifh ftreak ; and parallel to this,
above them, a whitifh one: the under parts are greenifh white :
quills and tail deep olive, edged with white: legs brown.

This bird is found in Carolina and Famaica alternately ; vifit-
ing the firft in fummer, and retiring to the laft in the winter
months. Buffon thinks Edwards and Cate/by’s birds to be differ-
ent {pecies ; but they feem fcarcely to differ, except that the laft
is faid to have ved legs, which Edwards calls brown. It is called
at Famaica by the name of Whip-tom-kelly.

Le Gobe-mouche olive de Canada, Brif. orn. ii, p. 408. 26.

HIS in general has the plumage coloured as in the laft-
defcribed, but wants the pale ftreak over the eyes, and
has two pale bands acrofs the wings: the under parts yellowifh
white.
It inhabits Canada. It does not feem materially to differ from
the laft.

oy

Mufcicapa Martinica, Liz. Syf.i. p. 325. 3.
Le Gobe-mouche hupé de la Martinique, Brif. orz. il. p. 362. 3. pl. 36.
f. 2.—Buf. oif. iv. p. 540.—PI. enl. 568. f. 1.

S IZE of the firft fpecies, or a trifle bigger: length fix inches.
Bill brown, befet with hairs at the bafe: the feathers of the
head, and reft of the upper parts, brown; thofe of the crown
long,. and whitifh at their bafe, and when erected into a crett,
appear mixed: the under parts are alh-coloured: quills brown,
with whitifh edges: tail brown: legs afh-colour.
Inhabits Martinico.

Erp Cae, ae eC" ER Es Re

Le Gobe-mouche brun de la Caroline, Brif. orz. ii. p. 367. 6.
—— noiratre de la Caroline, Buf. oif- iv. p. 541.
Black-cap Flycatcher, Care/s. Car. i. pl. 53.—Aré. Zool.

SIZE of a Nightingale: length fix inches and a quarter.
Bill black, briftly at the bafe: top of the head black:
the reft of the upper parts brown; the under of a yellowith
white: quills brown: tail the fame, and a trifle forked: legs
‘black.
The female has the top of the head not of fo deep a black.
Thefe inhabit Carolina, where they breed; feed on flies and
infects ; depart elfewhere in winter.

‘Mufcicapa Carolinenfis, Lin. Sy/t. i. p. 328. 18.
Le Gobe-mouche brun de Virginie, Brif- orn. ii. p. 365. 5-
Le Moucherolle de Virginie, Buf. oif. iv. p. 562.
Cat Bird, Catefo. Car. i. pl. 66.—Ar&. Zool. -
Br. Muf. Lev. Mu.

Little bigeer than a Lark: length eight inches. Bill black:

the upper parts of the body and wings of a deep brown; the
under afh-coloured : crown of the head black: the under tail co-
verts dirty red: the tail is even at the end, and blackith in
colour: the legs are brown.

This is found in Virginia in the fummer-feafon, where it builds
the neft: the eges are blue. It frequents the fhrubs rather than
tall trees, and feeds on infects: its-cry refembles that of a Cat,
whence the name given it by Catefby.

One of thefe, which came from Kamt/catka, now in the Le-
verian Mufeum, differed in not having the vent red. ;

Vou. II. Z Z Mufcicapa

SiSciia
BLACK-
CAPPED FL.

DescripTione

FEMALE.

PLACE.

54:
«+ CAT FL.

DescRiPpTLONne

PLACE,

CANADA EFL.

DEscRIPTION.

PLACE.

6.
CIN NAMON FL.

DESCRIPTION.

Prace.

57°
YELLOW-
RUMPED FL.
DEscRIPTION.

Be mee Ye Gy, Ad), Gye Ese

Mufcicapa:Canadenfis, Liz. Sy. i. p. 327+ 13.
Le Gobe-mouche cendré de Canada, Bri/. orn. ii. p. 406. 25. nik 39: f. 4.
Canada Flycatcher, 4rd. Zool.

ENGTH four inches and a half. Bill grey brown, befet

with briftles at the bafe: crown of the head cinereous,
{potted with black: between the bill and eye a yellow fpot; and
beneath the eye a black one: the upper parts of the plumage cine-
reous; the under yellow, marked with {mall black fpots on the
fore part of the neck: the under tail coverts are nearly white:
wing coverts cinereous, within grey brown: quills and tail greyifh
brown, edged with cinereous: legs pale yellow.

Inhabits Canada.

Lev. Muf.

EN GT Height inches. Bill ftout, pretty ftrait, and black
bafe furnifhed with briftles: the plumage in general of a yel-
lowifh cinnamon-colour, in different fhades, on the upper parts:
the rump and under parts much paler, almoft yellow: the wing
coverts are tipped with this laft colour, which forms a bar on the
wing: the quills dufky, margined with ferruginous..
Inhabits Cayenne.

ENGT H feven inches. Bill one inch fong, and brown;
bafe of it briftly: the upper parts of the plumage of a reddifh
brown: the wing coverts margined with rufous: the quills
brown: the rump yellow: belly and vent buff-colour: tail even
at

Pie Yi GHA Te Con Be Re

at the end, three inches in length, and of the fame colour as the
quills.
Inhabits Cayenne, with the laft.

Mufcicapa Cayanenfis, Liz. Sy/f. i. p. 237. 12.
Le Gobe-mouche de Cayenne, Brif. ou. ii. p. 404. 24. pl. 38. f. 4.
Br. Mu.

J

RATHER lefs than a Lark: length above feven inches: Bill

dufky, befet with briftles: the top of the head brown ; the fea-
thers down the middle of it yellow at the bafe: from the bill, over
the eye, to the hind head, a ftreak of white : before and behind the
eye a deep brown fpot: all the upper parts of the body brown,
edged with olive: the upper tail and wing coverts brown, with
rufous edges: the chin white: the reft of the under parts yellow:
quills and tail brown, with rufous edges: legs blackifh.

Inhabits Cayenne.

Mufcicapa tyrannus, Lin. Syf.i. p. 325. 4. ;
Le Tyran a queue fourchue, Brif. orn. ii, p. 395. 20. ple 79. fr 3.2
PI. enl. 571. f. 2.
Le Savana, Buf. cif. iv. p. 557. pl. 26.
Fork-tail Flycatcher, Ard. Zool.
Lev. Mu/.

IZE of the Crefted Lark: length fourteen inches. Bill

_ black; at the bafe a few briftles: the upper part and fides
of the head black ; on the middle of the crown the feathers are
yellow at the bafe: the hind part of the neck, back, rump, and
{capulars, cinereous: upper tail coverts black: all the under
parts white: the leffer wing coverts cinereous; the greater
Zz 2 brown :

35$
PLACE.

8.
CAYENNE FL.

DsscriPTion.

PLACE.

9°
+ FORK-
TAILED FL.

DESCRIFTION»

356

Piace.

60.
SWALLOW-
TAILED FL.

DescRIPTIONe

Piace,

Ee: Ta i Cap A ey Cl EMRE y Re

brown: quills brown, the inner margins * white: tail black,
greatly forked, the outer feather being nine inches and a quarter
long, the middle ones not two; all of them are black, but the
outer one has the exterior web white for half its length from the
bafe: the legs are black.

In fome birds the yellow on the .crown is wanting, and thefe
are juftly fuppofed to be females.

This fpecies inhabits Canada and Surinam t~

Le Moucherolle 4 Queue fourchue du Mexique, Buf. cif. iv. p. 564.—
Pl, enl. 677+

IGGER than a Lark in the body: length.ten inches, of
which the tail is five. The bill is ftrait, eight lines long,

comprefied, and weak; the colour of it black: irides red: the
head and back are light grey, with a little tinge of red: the un-
der parts of the body white; beneath the wing red; and when
clofed, a little of this colour appears juft above the bend of it:
the leffer wing coverts are afh-colour, with pale edges, giving the
appearance of fcales; the greater coverts marked in the fame
manner, but blackifh: the quills black, edged with grey: the
tail is greatly forked, the outer feather is five inches long, and
the middle ones but two; thefe are all black, edged with rufous
grey; but the outer ones have the exterior webs white for half
their length: the legs are black.

Some of thefe birds have the tail much fhorter.

Inhabits Mexico.

* The outer margins are alfo white in fome birds.
+ The Canadian one has black temples, and a cinereous back; but in that

from Surinam, the body is black. ~ Liz.
Mufcicapa

Pe Wee) Ch Ag ie Tite ERS

Mnufcicapa crinita, Liz. Sy/?. i. ps 325. 6.

Le Gobe-mouche hupé de Virginie, Bri/: orz, ii. p. 412. 28.—P/. en.

569. f. 1.
Le Moucherolle de Virginie, 4 huppe verte, Buf. oi/. iv. p. 565.
Crefted Flycatcher, Care/b. Car. i. pl. 52.—Ard. Zool.
Br. Muf. Lev. Muy.

Wey oaiche Crefted Lark: length eight inches. Bill black,

briftly at the bafe: irides hazel: the head is crefted, and of a

dull green: hind part of the neck and back the fame: wing and’

tail coverts brown: the under parts, from the chin to the breatt,
afh-colour; from. thence to the vent yellow: quills and tail
brown; the edges of the firft chefnut, and the fide feathers of the
laft the fame within: the legs are black.

This inhabits Carolina and Virginia in fummer; builds there,

and. departs in autumn.-

Le Tyran de Cayenne, Bri/. orn. ii. p. 398. ete otf. iv. p. 581.-

IZE of the Red-backed Shrike, or a trifle bigger: length

feven inches. Bill brown ; about the bafe of it, and noftrils,.

are long hairs: the head, hind part of the neck, and from thence
to the tail, deep brown: from the chin. to the breaft afh-

coloured; from thence to the tail pale yellow: thighs olive

brown: the wing coverts deep brown; the greater ones edged
with olive: quills and tail of the fame colour: legs blackifh.
The female differs in being paler.

Inhabits Cayenne. It feems by the defcription to be very ike

the laft.

ie

357

61.
CRESTED FL.

DeEscRIPTION.

Pracs.
62.
TYRANT FL.

DiscRIPTIONe

FEMALE.

PLACE:

358

62.
Var. A.

DESCRIPTION.

PLACE.

63.
LOUISIANE FL.

DescrIPTION.

PLACE.

64.
YELLOW-

CROWNED FL.

DeEscRIPTION.

Fes Yow AT Can ERs

Le petit Tyran de Cayenne, Bri/. orz. ii. p. 400. 22.— PI. enl. 571. f, te

ae F11S differs from the laft in being lefs, and is only fix inches
and a quarter in length. ‘The colours are not greatly diffe-
rent, except that in this bird the brown inclines more to rufous,
and the wing coverts have paler edges. In the Pi. en/. there is a
brown fpot on the ears.
This likewife is found at Cayenne, and in all probability is only

a variety.

Le Tyran de la Louifiane, Buf. oi/. iv. p. 583.

IZE of the laft. Bill long, flat, furnifhed with hairs at the

bafe, and bent: the head, hind neck, and back, are grey
brown: throat flate-colour: belly yellowifh: on the greater wing
coverts is a mixture of white: the quills are pale rufous: tail ci-
nereous brown, edged with rufous.

Inhabits Louifana.

Le Gobe-mouche tacheté de Cayenne, P?. ex). 453. f. 2.
Le Caudec, Buf. ez/. iv. p.-582.

IZE of a Lark: length eight inches. Bill ftout, black; an
inch and a quarter long, bent at the tip, and hairy at the bafe:
crown of the head yellow: forehead juft over the bill, between
that and the eye, the chin, and throat, white: through the eye a
dufky ftreak: the upper parts of the body and wings dufky, each
feather edged with rufous brown: rump and tail ferruginous,
with the middle of the feathers on the back dufky, like the
other: the under parts, from the breaft, pale yellow, marked
with

Hg bape: Cy Ag Tate Pie iy Re 359

with long narrow black ftreaks on the fides: the middle of the
belly and the thighs are plain: legs dufky blue; the hind claw
the longeit.

The female wants the yellow on the head; and in fome of the FEMALE»
males the fpot is of an orange-colour.

This fpecies is feen along the creeks at Cayenne, and perches on PLace.
the low branches of trees, efpecially the Mangrove, catching the

infects which frequent the water. It is a bold and audacious
bird.

Mufcicapa Cayanenfis, Liz. Syf. i. p. 326. N° 12. Go

Le Gobe-mouche de Cayenne, Bri/. ora. ii. p. 404. 24. pl. 38. f. 4. SE EODEL

Le Gobe-mouche 4 ventre jaune, Buf. oi/. iv. p. 550.—P/. enl. 569. f. 2. ;
Br. Muf.

Rat HER lefs than a Lark: length feven inches anda quar- gscaiption.
ter. Bill dufky: crown of the head brown; but the bafes of

fome of tlte middle feathers are yellow: over the eye, to the hind

head, a ftreak of white: before and behind the eye a fpot of

brown: all the upper parts of the body the fame, edged with

olive: the chin is white: the reft of the under parts yellow:

quills and tail brown, edged with rufous: legs dufky.

The above-defcribed came from Cayenne; but Buffon mentions PLace..
another, from Sz. Domingo, which had a ftreak of fine yellow

on the crown, and which he in courfe conje€tured to be the
male.

Mufcicapa:

360 BPS Xa Ae oT: Carl POMS

66. ‘Mufcicapa Petechia, Liz. Sy/?. i. 328. 19.
PETECHIAL FL. . Le Gobe-mouche brun de la Martinique, Bri/: orn. iv. p. 364. 4. pl. 38.
‘fo1.—Pl. enl. 568.-£. 2.
‘Le Moucherolle brun de la Martinique, Buf. of. iv. p. 563.

Description. GIZE of the Crefted Lark: length fix inches and a half. Bill
black: the upper parts of the body are deep brown: the
throat deep rufous: fore part of the neck and breaft cinereous
‘brown; from thence to the vent cinereous, marked with rufous
fpots: under tail coverts rufous: quills brown: tail deep brown;
-all, except the two middle feathers, edged with a paler brown
-and white.
‘Place. Inhabits Martinico.

STREACED FL. Le Gobe-mouche tacheté de Cayenne, Buf. oif. iv. ps 545.—PI. enl. 574. f. 3.

Duscrretion. ff ENGTH four inches and a half. Bill black: crown of
the head a little crefted; of an afh-colour, mixed with yel-
low: upper part of the body brown: two rufous bars on the
wing coverts, and the quills edged with the fame; fome of the
fecondaries have whitifh edges: the under parts are brownifh
white, dafhed with longitudinal ftreaks of brown: legs of this

daft colour.

PLACEe Inhabits Cayenne.

Age ae a Le Gobe-mouche olive de Cayenne, Buf. oif. iv. pe §44.—Pl, en. 574. f. 2.
Description. IZE of the laft. Bill blackith, befet with a few weak
briftles : plumage above olive brown: beneath dirty white,
5 inclining

Eee Yer Ae Pe) Re ER

inclining to rufous on the throat: quills and tail dufky black,
edged with olive brown; the laft rather long: legs.brown..
Inhabits Cayenne. Laves on infects, which it is perpetually
making fhort flights after in fummer; and, in defect of flying in-
fects, fearching after them, like the Wren, under the bark of.

trees..

Mufcicapa Surinama, Liz. Syft. i. p. 235. 5¢

SIZE not mentioned. The upper parts black: the under
white: tail rounded, tipped with white..
Inhabits Surinam:

Le. Gobe-mouche brun-de Cayenne, Buf. oifi iv. p. 536.—P/. enl. 574. f. 1.

HIS isa {mall fpecies, fcarcely four inches long. The bill
dufky, with a few hairs at the bafe: plumage above dark
brown, the feathers edged with yellowifh brown: the quills and
tail have whitifh edges ; the laft even at the end: the under parts”
are all whitifh, with a rufous tinge on the breaft: leas dufky.
A variety of this (or of a different fex) had a tinge of green on

the upper parts: the breaft was tinged-with olive brown, the:

belly with yellow, and the quills fringed with reddith yellow.
Found:at Cayeune..

Le Gobe-mouche roux 4 Poitrine orangée de:Cayenne, Buf, oi/- iv. p. 537>—
Pl. enl. 831. £. 16

ENGTH four inches and three quarters. Bill flat and’
broad ; colour dufky : the head and hind part of the neck

Vou. IL, @ fd. are.

361

Puace.

69.
SURINAM FL..

DeEscRIPTION».

PLace.

70.
BROWN FL.

DEscRIPTION,

PLACE;

Fk:
ORANGE-
BREASTED FL..

DescriPTioNe.

362

PLACE,

72.
ROUND-

CRESTED FL.

DESCRIPTION.

FEMALE.

PLACE.

73°
RUFOUS FL.

DeEscRIPTION.

Biola Ya Co At Ts, Coy Ey RB;

are greenifh brown: the back rufous, with a tinge of green: tail
rufous: quills black, edged with rufous: under parts of the body
white, except the breaft, which is of a pale orange-colour: legs
pale.

Inhabits Guiana, and frequents the fkirts of the woods, and the
favannas. It is perhaps a {carce fpecies, as one only has yet found
its way into Europe.

Le Rubin, ou Gobe-mouche rouge huppé, Buf. oif iv. p. 547.—Pl. enl.
675. f. 1.

EN GT H five inches and ahalf. The bill is brown: the
crown of the head is furnifhed with a remarkable rounded
creft, not unlike that’ of the Rock Manakin, and ending on the
nape: the creft, fides of the head, and all the under paris, are of
a moft beautiful crimfon: the reft of the body, wines, «nd tail,

brown; but the quills have grey edges: the legs are redd)th.
The female has no creft: the colour of her much ligh:-r; and,
inftead of the crimfon, thofe parts which are fo in the m/s, are

only tinged with that colour.
Thefe inhabit the borders of the Amazons River, in South Ame=
rica, and are known there by the name of Putillas.

Le Gobe-mouche roux de Cayenne, Buf. oi/. iv. p. 549.—Pl. ent. 453. f. 1.

IZE of a Houfe Sparrow: length five inches and a half.

Bill ftout, fhort, (feven lines long) and dufky: the upper
parts of the body are of a glowing pale rufous colour: quills
black: on the top of the head is a fpot of brown: the under
parts wholly white, with a tinge of rufous: legs dufky.

Le

aes

Bele Yue Ca A. Ta C OE EL Re

Le Gobe-mouche roux de Cayenne, Brif. orn, Supp. p. 51. pl. 3. f. 3.

IZE of the Crefted Lark: length eight inches and a quarter.
. Bill more than an inch and a quarter long, befet with briftles
at the bafe; the upper mandible dufky,, the under grey: the

head, hind part and fides of the neck, deep afh-colour: the fea-

thers on the crown have dark fhafts; thofe of the back rufous
brown: throat and fore part of the neck afh-colour, margined
with whitith: rump, upper tail coverts, and breaft, bright rufous :
from thence to the vent the fame, but paler: wings as the back,

the feathers edged with rufous,.or rufous brown: tail bright ru-.

fous: legs brown..
Inhabits Cayenne. One of thefe, in the collection of Major
Davies, has the belly of a yellowifh white.

Gobe-moucheron, Buf. oi/. iv. p. 554.
Le petit Gobe-mouche tacheté de Cayenne; PU. enJ. 831. f. 20.

HIS is a very minute fpecies, meafuring fcarcely three
inches.in length.. The bill is long in proportion, a little

curved at the point, and dufky: the head, and hind part of the
neck, are rufous, fpotted with black: the back and wing coverts.

deep afh-colour, with greenifh edges: wings black, edged with

grey: all the under parts ftraw-colour: tail fhort, and black >
the fcapulars and rump are of a pale afh-colour: under the oe

a pale ftreak : the legs flefh- colour.

3 A 2 in Gobee-

363

7A.
RUFOUS-.
BELLIED: FL.

DESCRIPTIONe.

PLAcEs.

75°
DWARF EL.

Descriptions.

364

76.
PETTY FL.

DescrRIPrione

PLACEe

ifs
WHISKERED
FL.

DeEscRIPTION.

FEMALE.

iPLacE AND
MANNERS.

Fea viiGgA hl A © Re EotRy

Gobe-moucheron, Buf. oi/. iv. p. 553.

HIS is a trifle bigger than the laft, but both of them
fmaller than the Golden-crefted Wren. The plumage is deep
olive grey, with a greenifh tinge on the upper part of the back
and belly: the wings are blackifh, here and there ftreaked with
yellowifh white. ;
Both thefe are found in various parts of South America, which
abounds with the greateft variety of this genus, as a proper
check to the myriads of infects, the peft of thofe parts.

Le Barbichon de Cayenne, Buf. oi/. iv. p. 534.—P/. enl, 830. f. 1. 2.

IZE of a Houfe Sparrow: length five inches. The bill
broad at the bafe, and flat, as in the Zody genus; the bafe is
befet with hairs, which are even longer than the bill itfelf: the
plumage on the upper parts is deep olive brown, except the
crown of the head, which is of an orange-colour: the under
parts are greenifh yellow, changing to the laft colour on the
rump: the legs brown.

The female is a-trifle bigger than the male: the bill Jefs, and
befet with only a few fhort hairs: the upper parts of a blackith
brown, tinged with green: on the crown an oblong fpot of yel-
low: throat, and upper part of the neck, whitifh: the lower,
and breaft, brown, with yellowifh edges: belly and vent pale
yellow. In the PJ. enl, the tail feems to.be longer than in the.
male.

This fpectes is found at Cayenne ; the male and female moftly
feen together. The neft is generally placed on fuch branches as

are

Fal dy le SAGT (ec rte CR.

are leaft cloathed with leaves ; and is of a large fize, being twelve
inches deep, and five or more in diameter, wholly compofed of
mofs: this is only open on the fide, about three inches from the
top. The note is a foft whiftle.

Le grand Gobe-mouche noir de Cayenne, Brif. ora. ii. p. 386. 15. pl. 38.
f. 3.—P/. ent. 381. i
Le Piauhau, Buf. oi/. iv. p. 588.
Lev. Mu/.

IZE of a Blackbird: length twelve inches. The bill 1s

broad at the bafe, an inch and a quarter long, a little bent

at the tip, and befet.at the bafe with a few hairs; the colour

of it dufky: the whole plumage is black, except the chin,

throat, and fore part of the neck, on which is a large bed of
beautiful crimfon, inclining to purple: the legs are black.

Some fpecimens are wholly black, having not the leaft trace
of crimfon on the throat ; and fuch may be efteemed as females
or young birds. I have feen more than one of the laft, in
which the plumage otherwife coincided exactly with the firft-
defcribed.

Thefe inhabit Cayenne, and other parts of South America: they
are found in flocks, and precede in general the Zoucans in their
movements feed on fruits and infeéts, to which laft their bill
feems fully adapted : are lively birds, always in a€tion. Inhabit,
for the moft part, the woods, like the Zoucans ; and where the
firft are found, the others are feldom far off. They have a fharp
cry, which they often repeat, not unlike Pibaubau; whence their

name.
Linnaeus

365

978.
+ PURPLE-
THROATED
FL.

DescRIPTION.

VARIETIES.

PLACE AND
MawnwneEBs.

366

BEY ae AY (Crgeiy s) R.

Linneus has, by forme means, joined this bird to the fynonyms.
of his firft Tanager * ; but the two birds are very different, the
prefent one being twice the fize, and the purple about the head
an univerfal tinge in his bird, and not a large fpot, as in the
prefent.

® Tanagra jacapa. Lin.—The Facapu likewife, which both Lizneus and Brifor.
have quoted, is far different, being only of the fize of a Lark. Bill half an
inch long, black, and a little bent : colour of the bird wholly black, except a.
fpot of a ciznabar-colour under the throat. See Marcgr. p.. 192.

3 Genus:

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SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION

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v. 2 pt. 1A general synopsis of bird

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