ye ee Ge ELLE ae ee ARE Pr eB e es Pee th Cone ed is UL eee Smithsonian Institution Libraries GIFT OF _Marcia Brady Tucker Naa: cae ae GENERAL SYNOPSIS of th Ss. Poll py - Printed for Leigh & Sotheby, York Street ,Covent Garden. MDC CLXXXIIL. wy } Soe be eet a ae Vi (A ;P a? ty a (Lae é} \ SS} ° INCH er: Loa) OM CON AHN AH Hb La) = £73574] GENUS XXXIX. Sky L. Var. A. White L. Var. B. Dufky L. Var. C. Long-leggedL., . Rufous-backed L. . Wood L. » Italian L. 2 iit es . Field L. . Louifiane L. . Red L. - Marfh L. :« Meadow L. Var. A. . Malabar L. 12. 13 14. Gingi L. Black L. Mutable L. In, Ay Roaak. N° 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 2K. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. Dl 28. Calandre L. Var. A. White-winged lize Mongolian L. New Zealand L. Cape L. Shore L. Var. A. Rufous L. Cinereous L. African L. Crefted L. Leffer-crefted L. - Undated L. Senegal L. Teftaceous L, Portugal L. JAHE bill in this fpecies is ftrait, flender, bending a little feathers. and briftles. Tongue cloven at the end. Toes divided to the origin; claw of the back toe very long, and either ftrait, or very little bent *. * Gea. of Birds. towards the end, fharp-pointed ; noftrils covered with Alauda 368 1. 4- SKY-LARK. Descriprion. PLACE aNnD Manners, i MAN (Ria oR. Alauda arvenfis, Lin. Syf. i. p. 287. 1.—Faun. Suec. 209.—Scop. ann. i. Ne 84.—Bruz. N° 221.—Muller, p. 28. N° 229.—Frifch. pl. 15. f. 16 —Kram. el. p. 362. 2. L’Alouette, Brif. orn. iii. p. 335. N° 1.— Buf. oi. v. p. 1. ple 1.— Pl. exl. 363. £. 1. - Field-lark, or Sky-lark, Radi Syn. p. 69. A.1.—Will. ora. 203—Albiz. i. pl. 41.—Br. Zool. i. N° 136. pl. 55.—Ara. Zool. Br. Muf. Leu. Muf. HE length of this bird is about feven inches, and it is a {mall matter bigger than the Houfe Sparrow in the body. The bill is above half an inch long, and dufky ;. the under man- dible yellowifh: the top of the head reddifh brown, the middle of each feather black; the hind part inclines to afh, and is plain; the chin whitifh: on the upper parts.of the body the fea- thers are reddifh brown, with the middle dark brown, and the edges very pale : the fore part of the neck rufous white, dafhed with blackith : from the breaft to the vent yellowifh white : quills. brown, with the outer edges yellowifh, whitith towards the tip : the two middle feathers of the tail are blackifh, with rufous prey margins ; the reft not much unlike in colour, but the fourth has a white margin, the fifth white on the outer web, and the outmoft the fame, and on the inner web alfo near the tip: the legs are dufky ; the claws blackifh, the hind one long and ftrait.. The male exceeds the female in fize. Thefe birds are very plenty in England, and moft probably throughout the old continent, as we hear of them. in Norways, Sweden, Germany, France, Italy, Greece*, and at the Cape of 3 Brunnich.—Faun. Suet. pe 76.—Frifeh.—Buffin,—Olina wecel. p. 12.— Bslon. obf. ¥2. Gaod A ORY OK. Good Hope *, and no doubt in the intermediate places, though not directly recorded by authors; very common in Ruffa- and Sibiria, even as far as Kamit{chatka; in fome parts of Germany much more plentiful than in any part of Exgland{. 1 do not find any account of their inhabiting America; though indeed Sloane mentions meeting with them fome leagues out at fea. As to their manners, I canhave little to add to thofe mentioned by Mr. Pennant, in the Briti/b Zoology ; who, with his ufual ele- gance, has faid every thing; and indeed, the general knowledge which every one has of this bird, leaves no room for further in- veftigation. ; Se.) L’Alouette blanche, Brif. orz. iii. p. 339. A. pl. 19. f. 1.— Buf. oif. ve Pp. 20. Weifle-lerche, Fri/ch. t. 16. HIS is a mere variety of the laft, and is oftener found in the colder climates, at leaft when of a pure white; for of * Kolb. Cap, iii. p. 164.—One fent from the Cape by Mr. Maffon, now at Sir F. Banks’s, is a trifle lefs than ours ; and the hind claw fhort, though ftrait. Haffelquift {ays itis common on the fhores of the Né/e, and adjacent parts. See Iter. Palef. + Mr. P. talks of 4000 dozen being taken in the neighbourhood of Dux/fa- ble, between September and February ; but this holds no proportion with what are at times caught in different parts of Germany, where there is an excife upon them. Kepler fays, that the excz/e alone produces 6000 dollars * every year to the city of Lezpfic; whofe Larks are famous all over Germany, as having the molt delicate favour. But itis not only at Lespfic that they are taken in fuch num- bers, but alfo in the country about Naumburg, Merfedurg, Halle, and other partss See Key/ler’s Trav, yol, iv. p. 315. * About goo/, fterling. ena) thofe we Vo. If. 369 I. Var. A. WHITE L. DescriPTion. 370 Te Var. By DUSKY L. DESCRIPTION. le Var. C. LONG- LEGGED L. DESCRIPTION. B&B & RK. Ke thofe which I have-feen, there has been a mixture of fome of other colours. In the Leverian Mufeum there is one mixed brown: and white, with a pure white belly, and another variegated with white all over, but regularly difperfed throughout the plumage,,. imitating the beautiful pencilling of the Wryneck; and I have in my poffeffion one of thefe birds, which is svete of a light: cream-colour. L’Alouette noire, Brif. orm iii. p. 340. B.— Buf. oi/. Vs ps 220-—Pl, enl, 6508. PBN Black Lark, 4/4, iil. pl. 51. Br. Muf. [N the bird here defcribed by Albin *, the black was not pure, being of a dull reddifh brown, approaching to black,. except the hind part of the head, which was dull yellow, and: fome of the belly feathers fringed with white. Bill. and legs. dirty yellow. N Rufia is found a variety, which has been mentioned to me- by the name of Long-legged. It is very like the Sky-lark, * Tam well aware of the circumftance of this and other birds becoming black by feeding on hemp-/eed,.as was the cafe in a Goldfinch and Houfe Sparrows, recorded. above under thofe heads; but this accident likewife happens by a caufe lefs artificial, as the bird mentioned by 4/ééz was caught in a net at large among other birds at Highgate. That in the Brito Mufeum is of a full deep black throughouts but: 2 Lopes dani SURE but larger, and ftands higher on its legs; it never rifes, but fings fitting on the ground. This is found only on the Mongolian frontiers *. L’ Alouette noire a Dos fauve, Buf. vif. v. p. 23. Alouette noire de la Encenada, Pi. enl. 738. f. 20 *T* HIS is much lefs than the Sky-/ark, meafuring fcarcely five inches. The bill half an inch; the upper mandible a little notched near the tip: the head, bill, legs, throat, fore part of the neck, under part of the body, and upper tail coverts, blackifh brown: quills and tail fomewhat deeper, the outer fea- ther ohe laft edged with rufous: hind part of the neck, the whole of the back, and fcapulars, of a rufous orange: the lefler and middle wing coverts blackith edged with fulvous. This came from Buenos Ayres. ~Alauda arborea, Zin. Sy/. i. p. 287. N° 3.—Faun. Succ. 211.——Scop. ann. i. N° 186.—Brun. p. 224.—Kram. el. p. 362. 3.—Muller, p. 28. N° 231. —Olin. ue. p. 27. L’ Alouette de Bois, ou le Cujelier, Brif. orn, iti. p. 340. N° 2. pl. 20. f. 1. —Buf. vif. v. p. 25.—P!. enl. 660. f. 2. Wood-lark, Rati Syn. p.69. A. 2.—Will. orn. p. 204.—Albin. is pl. 42.— Br. Zool. i. N° 137.—ArG. Zool. Br. Muf. Lev. Muf. HIS is not fo large as the Sky-lark, is of a fhorter and thicker fhape, and meafures three quarters of an inch lefs in length: the weight one ounce. The colours are in general paler than in that bird, but do not differ fufficiently to need a feparate * Mr. Pennant. - 3 Ba defcription : 37k PLACE. 2. RUFOUS- BACKED L. DeEscriPTION. Piacte 3. + WOOD L; DESCRIPTIONs 37? PLacE anD Manners. ay eA Re) Ks defcription: round the head is a kind of wreath, of a paler co- lour, at leaft from eye to eye backwards, which is very confpi- cuous’; indeed in the Sky-/ark there is the appearance of fuch an one, but in a much lefs degree: in the Wood-lark the firft quill feather is fhorter than the fecond, but in the Sky-lark it is nearly equal. The legs in the Wood-lark are more inclined to flefh-colour, and the hind claw, though very long, is fomewhat incurvated. This bird is not in near fo great plenty as the firft-defcribed, and differs from it much in refpeét to manners: it perches upon trees, which the other is never known to do; like that, it fings as it flies, but is likewife accuftomed to fing in the nights, and often fo like the Nightingale as to be miftaken for that bird; not but it will alfo fing while perched on a branch. It builds on the ground, laying five dufky eggs, blotched with brown, moft fo at the biggeft end, The neft compofed, like that of the laft, of dried grafs, &c. lined with foft hair. It builds very early, the young ones, in fome feafons, being ready to fly before the end of March; in this having much the ftart of the Sky- lark, which does not begin to build till Apri/. Both of \them make two nefts in a year. They are fuppofed to be a general inhabitant throughout Europe, as the different fynonyms will teftify. It was met with by our late voyagers at Kamifchatka *. * Eliis’s Nar. vol. ii. p. 229 é L’ Alouette Pea UR. LK: L’Alouette d’Italie, Brif. orn. iii. 355. N° 7. La Girole, Buf. cif. v. p. 47- Giarola Aldrov. Razz Syz. p.70. N® to. Will orn, P. 209. § g. ENGTH eight inches. The bill red: the upper parts of the plumage chefnut brown, but the edge of each feather of a reddifh white, efpecially thofe which furround the hind head, which inclines much to white: breaft, belly, and fides, white: eight of the middle tail feathers are chefnut brown, with paler edges ; the Jaft but one on each fide the fame, with a white tip ; and the outer one quite white: the legs are flefh-coloured, and the claws whitifh. Inhabits Italy, according to Briffon; who fays it had the ap- pearance of a young bird. Ray obferves, that, except in the colour of the tail feathers, it greatly refembled the Wood-lark ; and 1 much fufpedt it to be a mere variety of that bird. Buffon * mentions a bird being fhot at Bo/ogne, about the end of the month of May, which anfwered to the above defcription. The outer tail feather in this was white, and the next half white from the tip: the hind claw half an inch long, and curved only at the point. * Hift. des cif. Y. p. 48. Alandz 373 4. ITALIAN L. DeEscRIPTION» Placer. 3/4 Se 4 TIT-LARK. DescRipTioNn, PLACE AND Manwers. Re See RL WER, Alauda pratenfis, Liz. Sy?.i, p. 287. N° 2,——Faun. Succ. N° 210. —= Brun, N° 223.—Mull. p. 28. N° 230.—Frifch. pl. 16.—Olin. uc. p. 27. L’Alouette de prez. ov La Farloufe, Bri/. ora. ui. p. 343. N° 3.—Baf. oif. v. p. 31. pl. 3.—P/. enl. 660. 1- Firkt Spipola of A/drov. and other Spipola of ditto, W2l/. orn. p. 110? Titelark, Razi Syn. p. 69. A. 3.-—Will. ora. p. 206. — Alb.i. pl. 43. — Br. Zool. i, N° 138.—Ar@. Zool. Br. Muf. Lev. Muf, HIS is much lefs than the Sky-/ark, being only five inches and a half in length. The bill half an inch long and black, paler beneath: irides hazel: the upper parts of the head and body are greenifh brown; the middle of each feather blackith : over each eye a palith ftreak: the under parts white, but the breaft more inclined to yellow, and marked with longifh fpots of black: the tail is blackifh; the outer feather white on the outer edge the whole length, but on the inner, only half-way from the end; the outermoft but one has only a fpot of white at the tip: the legs are yellowifh, and the claws brown. This bird is frequent in England, and, like the Wood-lark, perches on trees. The hind claw is pretty long, but bent. It has a fine note, though not much variety in it; yet fome com- pare it to the Canary-bird’s, and others to that of the Nightin- gale; and it is very entertaining to fee this bird warbling in the air, and frequently increafing its fong as it defcends to a branch whereon it intends to perch. This we have frequently feen ; not but it fings well in all fituations. It builds the neft on the ground ™*, lining it with horfe-hair ; ® Willughby {aw one in a furxe-buh, near the ground. 7 and Pe oie Ong. and lays five or fix eggs, of a deep brown colour; and the young are hatched about the beginning of Fue. As to its food, Willughby fays that he found Bee¢les, and other infects, in its gizzard. It alfo feeds on feeds. Buffon kept one of them a whole year upon this laft food only. It is obferved that this bird, the Zrujb, Black-bird, Willow- wren, and fome others, lofe their note about Mid/ummer, and re- fume it in September *. The male differs only in being of a brighter colour.. A white variety of this bird is recorded by Briffon + ; and one with dufky legs is mentioned in the Br. Zoology, fhot on the coaft of Caernarvonfbire. Olina fays, that it lives only four or five years ;. and that it is difficult to raife. On the contrary, Willughdy affirms, that it is long-lived, and very hardy.—I know not which of them is in the: right. I am told that the Cuckow very frequently lays its exe in the neft of this bird. Dr. Heyfham informs me, that he found a young Cuckow in the neft of one laft year. It was newly hatched. The old 77#-/ark fat upon it, and fed it. The young Tits, though not quite feathered, were fitting at the outfide of the neft. Leffer Field Lark, Will. orn. N° 207. Field Lark, Br. Zool. i. N° 139.— through the eye a ftreak of black: throat and under parts: black. Found about Gingi, and other parts of the Coromandel coatt.. Alauda Tartarica, Pall. Trav. ii. p. 707. N° 15. t. ¢. Black Lark, dr. Zool. Giz E of a Starling. Bill ftout, of a yellowifh horn-colour ; tip brown : noftrils covered with hairy feathers: the general colour of the plumage dufky black :. the feathers of the head and. neck edged with dufky white: upper parts of the body the fame,. but edged deeper with white: quills black, cordated at the tip: tail fomewhat forked in fhape; the two middle feathers black,. with pale margins,; the next. pale on the edge at the tip; the others all black: legs black ; the hind claw elongated, fharp,, and pretty ftrait. The females and young birds are brown,, not unlike the Sky-- lark: the feathers round the bill pale; thofe on the upper parts. of BA” «Ro UR. of the body edged with grey ; beneath, whitifh; the middle of each feather marked with black: the quills and two outer tail feathers margined with white: legs brown. This is found in the drieft defarts between the rivers Volga and Faick, in Ruffia, and the whole Tartarian defart; and is a folitary bird during fummer ; but.as winter approaches it frequents inha- bited parts in numbers together. Its fong is very trivial. Alauda mutabilis, N.C. dc. Petrop. xv. p. 459. t. 23. f. 2. HIS. fpecies. is about feven inches in length. The bill eight lines long, whitifh at the bafe, and blackifh at the tip: irides livid: the bird is wholly of a black colour; but on the hind part of the neck, the back as far as the rump, the fea- thers. have hoary edges, and the axillary feathers of fome are hoary: quills and tail tipped with brown; the laft rather forked, and the outer feather not brown. at the tip: the legs and claws black. The female differs in having the forehead hoary, which in the male is. of the fame colour as the reft of the head. In young birds the plumage is afh-coloured;. in fome much inclining to red, and otherwife variegated. with grey; but the fe- males. have the hoary forehead in all ftages.. This is very common at 4frachan in winter; flying in flocks to the more retired. places near the Volga in {pring.. I obferved a fine fpecimen of the male in the colleGtion of Mifs Blomefield. "The edges of the feathers were cream-coloured, and. formed tranfverfe bars on the upper parts of a beautiful appear- ance ;; 381 PLAcg.. Ihe MUTABLE L. DeEscRIPTIONe- FEMALE: PLACE>- 382 ‘We -+ CALANDRE Le ‘Description. PLACE AND MANNERSo Ae ee VR ie ance; they were mere lines on the head, and widened as they proceeded downwards to the rump: the tail of one plain colours the hind claw ftrait, and half an inch in length. This came from Sibiria, Alauda calandra, Lin. Syf.i. p. 288. N° g. La grofle Alouette, ou La Calandre, Brif. orn. ili. p. 352. N°-6. pl. 20. f. 2. —Buf. vif. v. p. 49.—PI. enl. 363. f. 2. Calandra, Oli#. uccel. p. 30.—Will. orn. p. 208.— Edw. pl. 268.— Ara. Zool. Lev. Mu. HIS exceds the Crefted Lark in fize; and in length is feven inches and a quarter. The bill is three quarters of an inch long, very ftout, and of a pale colour: the plumage on the upper parts of the body brown and grey mixed, each feather being ‘brown in the middle: the throat is white, beneath which is a black mark, almoft in the fhape of a crefcent: beneath this it is dirty white, marked with black : the belly is white: the fides and thighs of a rufous brown: the quills very dark, with the outer webs brown, the very edge whitifh; the leffer quills partly the fame, but are alfo tipped with white: the tail black; the outer feather is white on the outer web, and about half-way from the end of the inner. the next, bordered on the outer web with white, and tipped with the fame; the third, edged with grey, and tipped with white; and the fourth, only edged with grey: the bill and legs are pale grey. This is found in Italy *, Provence + in France, Sardinia, * Olina. 4 Hip des oife Aleppo; ee AR ORS) Ke Aleppo *, and other parts of the old continent. In the Zariarian defarts common ; and between the rivers Don and Wolga, as well as other parts of the Rufian empire; it is alfo faid to inhabit America +. This bird is frequently kept for its fong,, which,. by fome, is accounted excellent, not only ftriking the ear with its own na- tural notes, but imitating thofe of others, as the Goldfinch, Linnet,. Canary-bird, and fuch like. The male differs from the female in being bigger, and has more: black on the neck. It is faid to build on the ground, like the Sky-/ark; to lay four or five eggs; and to live four or five years {. Alauda Calandra? Pall, Trav, vol. ii. p. 708. M® 15.- SIZE of the Crefted Lark. Bill livid, tip brown : the crown of the head,. ears, leffer wing coverts,. and thofe of the tail, ferruginous; inclining to yellow: the under parts dirty white, varied with ferruginous on the fore part of the neck: the fecon- dary quills are moftly white, moft obfervable when. the wing is fpread; the outer one of the prime quills wholly. white ;. the next, white on the margin: legs-grey..- This is plentiful in the funny fields in the neighbourhood of the river Irtis, in Sibiria; where it makes the neft on the ground, like the Sky-/ark; but is inferior to it in fong.. * Edwards.—-Rufel, Hift, Alep. p. 61» t Edwards. t Ofna: Alauda: 383 Var. Ao WHITE-: WINGED L. DESCRIPTION. PLACE: 334 16. MONGOLIAN 0 DEscRIPTION. PLACE. 17. NEW’ ZEA- LAND L. Pi. LI. DESCRIPTION. PLACE: 18. CAPE L. DESCRIPTION. Ee Ad Rae Ke Alauda.Mongolica, Pall. Trav. ili. p. 697. 19. IGGER than the Calandre. Bill ftout: head and neck ferruginous, deepeft on the crown, which is encircled with white, and has.a {pot of white in the middle of it: on the throat a large bifid patch of black. ‘This inhabits the Salt Meadows, between the rivers Argun and Onon, on the Chinefe frontiers. Is for the moft part feen on the ground, and has a {weet fong. ENGTH feven inches and a half. Bill half an inch, pale afh-colour, with the upper part black : the upper parts of the body are dufky, edged with pale afh-colour: above the eye a white ftreak; through the eye one of mottled black: fore part of the neck marked as the upper parts, but much paler: breaft and belly white: vent pale cinereous: legs reddifh afh- colour: claws black ; hind one almoft ftrait, and half an inch in length. ; f Inhabits Charlotte Sound, and called Kogoo aroure. From Sir Fofeph Banks’s drawings. Alauda Capenfis, Liz. Sy. i. 288. N°S. L’ Alouette du Cap de Bonne Efperance, Bri/. ora. iii. 364. N° 11. pl. 19. Bra La Cravate jaune, ou Calandre du Cap de Bonne Efperance, Buf. oi/. v. P- 54.—P/. enl. 504, f. 2. Lev. Mu/. OT AL length eight inches. Bill ten lines long, and of a yellowifh brown colour: the upper parts of the body and tail ies (@ 12m CM! Cs i AP ROK. tail are brown, mixed with darker brown, the laft colour poffeffing the middle of each feather: the chin and throat are orange ; from thence to the vent yellowifh white, inclining moft to yellow near the vent: over the eye is a yellowith ftreak, and beneath, on the ear, a dufky one: four of the outer tail feathers are white at the ‘ends, but irregularly fo; for the outer one is white for near an inch, but the fourth only at the tip: the legs are dufky : the toes pretty long: the hind claw above half an inch in length, and a Jittle bent. This I defcribed from a fpecimen in the Leverian Mufeum, which I take to be a female; for I find the males differ a little. Thefe have the yellow on the throat bordered with black all round; the ftripe over the eye orange, or deep yellow; the breaft compofed of a mixture of brown, grey, and pale yellow; and the belly and fides of a rufous orange colour : the greater quills are edged with yellow, and the leffer with erey. Buffon mentions having feen two females which had the throat of a pale rufous colour, and the breaft fpotted with brown. Thefe birds inhabit the Cape of Good Hope, where they are not uncommon. Alauda alpeftris, Lin. Syf. i. p. 289. N° 10.—Georgi Reife, p. 173. L’ Alouette de Virginie, Brif- orn. iii. p. 367. N° 12. Le Haufe-col noir, ou L’ Alouette de Virginie, Buf. oi/. v. p. 55. Schnee-lerche, Fri/ch. pl. 16. ‘The Lark, Cate. Car. i. pl. 32. Shore Lark, P4il. Tran/. vol. Ixii. p. 398.—Ar&, Zool. Br. Muf. Lev. Muf. S 1ZE and fhape of the Sky-lark: length fix inches and a half. The bill feven inches, and black : the upper parts of the body Vor. II. 3D reddith 385 Praceg 19. « SHORE fx DescriPTion. 386 Femate. PLACE anpD Manners. i s A R K. reddifh brown, ftreaked with dufky, darkeft on the head: the eyes are placed in a bed of yellow, which fprings from the bafe of the bill, and paffes over the forehead: from the bill alfo arifes a black ftroke, pafling under the eye, and a little way down the neck: the throat and fore part of the neck are yellow; on the lower part of the neck is a broad black band; beneath this all the under parts are very pale yellow: the tail coverts are ferru- ginous, but pale, and two of the feathers nearly as long as the tail itfelf: the wings and tail feathers are of the fame colour as the upper parts of the body, but have the edges paler: the legs and claws black. The male and female differ fomewhat. In the laft the back is erey, and the ftripes darker: the crown is dufky, which in the male is nearly black. In other things they refemble one another. This inhabits North America, where it is migratory. It.vifits the neighbourhood of Albany * the beginning of May, but goes farther north to breed. In winter it comes, in vaft flocks, into Virginia and Carolina t+, returning north in fpring. Feeds, du- ring its ftay in the more fouthern parts, on oats and other grain ; and while at A/dany, on the grafs, and the buds of Sprig Birch. It runs into holes ; whence the natives of thefe laft parts have given it the name of Chi-chup-pi-fue, The Englifo call it the Ortolan, and reckon it delicious eating. By fome called Snow-dird, as being very plenty in that feafone Frequently caught in great numbers by means of horfe-hair {pringes placed in fome bare place, the fnow being fcraped away, ® Phil, Tranf. + Catefy. 10- and Tee) A, OR OK and a little chaff ftrewed about. It is always feen on the ground, and has little or no fong. This bird is not peculiar to North America: we hear of it tn Germany * alfo. It has been taken at Dantzic, both in the months of April-and December +; and is in plenty throughout Rufie and Sibiria [, going northward in fpring. La Ceinture de Prétre, ou L’Alouette de Sibérie, Buf. oif v. p. 61—Pl, enl. 650. f. 2. HIS is a very beautiful fpecies : length five inches and three quarters. The bill above half an inch long, and of a lead- colour: the forehead, chin and throat, and fides of the head, are yellow: between the eye and bill a black fpot, which paffes un- der the eye, and unites with a larger one beneath it: the top of the head and upper parts of the body are rufous and grey brown, mixed, fpotted with black on the crown: on the breaft is a broad band of black ; from thence to the vent whitifh: the quills are grey, edged with dark grey: the upper tail coverts yellowifh: the tail feathers are almoft black, edged with grey, except the outer ones, which are edged with white: the legs are lead- coloured: the hind claw near half an inch long, and very little bent. This inhabits Szdiria, but is not common. ® Frifch. t+ Hip. des oif. t Decouv. Ruf. vol. i. p. 102. vol. ive pe 4595 & 387 rg. Va rR. Ao DESCRIPTIONs Pracee 388 Ey et Re RUFOUS iat Maj Variole Bufcicsavs P03" 0) el pny aitaih oui mee Petite Alouette de Buenos Ayres, Pl. enl, 738. f. te Description. MP HIS is five inches and a quarter long.. The bill eight lines, and brown: the top of the head and upper part of the body. blackifh, mixed with various tints of rufous: the fore part of the: neck enamelled with the fame: the throat, and all the under parts. of the body, white: the greater quills grey, the leffer brown; all of them edged with rufous: the tail feathers brown; the eight mid- dle ones bordered with pale rufous; the two outmoft with white :. the legs yellowith. PLACE. We meet with this bird at Buenos Ayres, and elfewhere in the neighbourhood of the river Plata, in South America. La Cendrille, Buf. off. v. p. 64,? 21e CINEREOUS L, Lev. Mu/. Description. |] EN GT H fix inches. Bill three quarters ofan inch: the noftrils placed in a foft membraneous furrow, but the aper- ture very fmall and round: the plumage above, afh-colour: quills and tail dark brown: belly and vent white: the outer tail. feathers white on the outfide near the tip: legs dufky.. This I faw in the Leverian collection ; but whence it came,. not known. Buffon mentions a bird, the defcription of which was taken from a drawing fent him from the Cape of Good Hope, which pof- fibly might be the male of this. In his bird the top of the head was rufous, forming a kind of hood, which was bordered from the: bill to beyond the eye with white: quills and tail black. Le: Pik GR UK, 389 Ee Sirli du Cap de Bonne Efperance, Buf. oif, ve p. 65.——Pl. enh. 7120. ERIN i ENGTH eight inches. Bill black, an inch long, and Descarrrion, bent towards the point: the upper part of the body is com- pofed of a mixture of brown, rufous, and white, in different fhades *: the wing coverts, quills, and tail, brown, edged with white: the under part of the body white, marked with longitu- dinal brown fpots: legs brown.:. the hind claw. feven lines long,, ftrait, and pointed at the end.. Inhabits the Cape of Good Hope.. PLACE: Alauda criftata, Lin. Sy/ft. i. p. 288. N° 6.—Brun. orn. p. 64. N° 228.— 23. Scop. ann. i. p. 128. N° 185.— Kram. el, p. 362.—Mull. p. 29. CRESTED Le. N° 234.—Georgi Reife, p. 173: ~ L’ Alouette hupée, ou le Cochevis, Bri/. orn. iii. p. 357. N° 8. Le Cochevis, ou la groffe Alouette huppée, Buf. otf. v. p. 66,.—P/, exl. 503. f, 1. Alauda criftata major, Raiz Syz. p. 69. N° 4p. Heide Lerche, Frich. t. 15. Lodola cappelluta, Ofiz. uccel. t. 13 The Crefted Lark, Wil. orn. p. 208. pl. 40,—Albins iii. pl. 52% Br. Mu/. HIS is bigger than the Sky-lark: length fix inches and Descrirrion. three quarters. Bill under three quarters of an inch, and brown : irides hazel: on the head is a creft,. compofed of feveral feathers, which are darker than the reft of the plumage, and nearly half an inch in length: the back is more cinereous, and. * Many of the feathers are dark brown in the middle, with rufous margins and white tips, lefs 399 PLace AND MANNERS. i VA, OR. -K. lefs fpotted, than in the common Lark: the rump almoft defti- tute of fpots: the breaft and belly white, with a dafh of yellow: the throat is fpotted as in the common Lark: the tail is above two inches in length ; the two outer feathers white on the outer edges, with a dafh of red. This defcription is from Willughdy; who obferves, that it differs from the common Lark, firft, in bignefs; fecondly, in the creft ; thirdly, in the colour of the back, which is lefs fpotted, and not fo beautiful ; fourthly, in the meafure of the tail, which in this bird is fhorter; fifthly, that it foars not fo much in the air, and when it mounts up, ftays not fo long there; fixthly, that it flies - not in flocks, as they do; laftly, it is frequently feen about the banks of lakes and rivers. This fpecies is faid to be found in feveral parts of Europe; in Italy, Germany, France, Denmark, and Rufia: but I do not find it in thefe kingdoms *, nor does Linneus mention it as belonging to Sweden. It fings well, like the Sky-lark: lays four or five eggs, hatch- ing them in a carelefs manner ; and, if choice is to be had, prefers the neighbourhood of junipers to be beneath. It is faid to hatch twice in a year. ® S:bbald mentions it to have been met with in Scorland, but not on fufficient grounds to place it in the Br. Zool. La Tae Ae” Ry RK: La petite Alouette hupée, Bri/. orz. iii. p. 361. N° g. Le Lulu, ou Ia petite Alouette huppée, Buf. of v. p.74.—Pi. enl. 503 f. 2. Alauda criftata minor, Raid Syz. p. 69. A. 5. Leffer Crefted Lark, Wi/]. ora. p. 207.—Br. Zool. i, N° 141. H1S is lefs than the laft fpecies. Aldrovandus™ is the only one who defcribes it; who merely obferves, that it is not fo brown. as the Greater Crefted Lark, and the tuft on the head larger in proportion to the fize of the bird, and that the legs are red. It is faid likewife, that it flies in flocks, contrary to the Greater Crefted Lark, which is feldom feen but aione. It is for the moft part met with in woods and thickets, where it makes its neft. This “has been met with in Italy, Auftria, Poland, and Silefia ; as alfo in the northern parts of England, being faid to be found in plenty in York/bire. La Coquillade, Buf.-oi/. v. p. 77.—PI. enl. 662. H1S is fix inches and three quarters long. The bill nearly an inch long, and rather ftout ; brown above, and whitifh beneath: on the crown is.a creft, which it can erect at pleafure ;. the feathers which compofe this are black, with white edges: the plumage on the upper parts of the head and: body is blackifh and pale rufous mixed: the greater wing coverts tipped with. white: the wing and tail feathers brown, with pale rufous edges, a few of the wing feathers excepted, which are margined or tipped with white: the throat, and all the under parts of the body,, ® Ora. il. p. 3712 white,, 39! 2h. LESSER CRESTED L. DescriPTion. Pace. 25> UNDATED' L. DeEscrRIPTION 392 PLACE. 26. SENEGAL L. DEscRIPTION. PLACBe EA Ar RS oie white, marked with blackifh fpots on the neck and breaft: the legs are yellowifh. This fpecies was fent to Buffon from Provence, where it ulhers in the morn by its fong. The male and female are conftant com- panions, whether in the time of incubation, or in fearch of food ; which confifts of caterpillars, grafshoppers, fnails, and fuch like.» The above author mentions it as a new fpecies, not before de- {cribed : indeed there has been a Lark breught from the Cape of Good Hope, which differed not materially from this, except in wanting the creft, the under parts more inclined to yellow, and no white either in the wings or tail—differences too trivial to forbid our placing it here, either as a female of that above defcribed, or a young bird, é . L’ Alouette hupée du Sénégal, Brif. orz. iii. p. 362. N° to. pl. 19. f. 2. La Grifette ou le Cochevis du Senegal, Buf. oi/. v. p. 79.—Pl. eal. 504. f. 16 ENGTH fix inches and a half. Bill nine lines and a half long, and of an horn-colour: the head is flightly crefted : the colour of the plumage on the upper parts is grey and brown mixed, each feather being brown in the middle, with grey edges: the under parts whitifh, marked with {mall {pots of brown on the throat: the fides and under the wings incline to rufous: the quills are grey brown, with grey edges; but at the bafe, for two thirds of their length, are rufous within: the two middle tail feathers are grey, the others brown, but the outer one rufous white for nearly the whole breadth; the next to this has the outer edge of the fame colour: the legs and claws grey. This is found at Senegal. 7 ’ BILL Io oct RIK. ILL black: upper parts of the body teftaceous: crown of the head dafhed with black: the wing coverts marked with the fame: the under parts of the body teftaceous white: quills dufky ; the fecondaries deeply margined with teftaceous; the edges of the greater pale: four of the middle tail feathers marked as the quills; the others teftaceous white: legs yellow: hind claw a trifle incurvated. Inhabits Gibraltar *. ILL ftout, white, with a dufky tip: “upper part of the plumage cream-colour; each feather dufky brown in the middle: coverts and quills edged with grey : the under parts are yellowith white, deepeft on the breaft: tail as the upper parts ; fome + of the outer feathers yellowifh white: legs flefh-colour: claws dufky. Inhabits Portugal. © Mr. Pennant. , + As this defcription was taken from a drawing, the number could not be afcertained. Mr. Pennant. — Vor. Il. 3E | GENus 393 27. TEST ACEOUS DeEscRiPTioNn. Pr ace. . 28. PORTUGAL L. DEscaiPTioN. PLace, [a 394%] SCEINGUS 4 Xu.) 4 WoAuGiehaA iat N° 1. White W. N° 6. Yellow W. Var. A. Collared W. Var. A. Timor W. 2, Pied W. 7. Yellow-headed W. 3. Cinereous W. 8. Cape W. 4. Grey W. g: African W. Var. A. Javan W. 10." Tchutichi W. 5- Indian W. 11. Green W. me B ILL weak and flender ; flightly notched at the tip. © Tongue lacerated at the end. yo Legs flender. Birds of this genus frequent the fides of brooks: have long tails, which are frequently in motion: their pace running: for the moft part fly in an undulating manner, efpecially if to any diftance: feldom perch, and have a twittering noife in flight * ; make the neft on or very near the ground. I believe the whole of this genus is confined to the old con-— tinent, and the ifles adjacent. * Scopoli—I have frequently obferved this in our fpecies. " Motacilla WAG TAT LL 395 Motacilla alba, Lia. Sy/?. i. p. 331. N° 11.—Faun. Suec. 252.—Scop. aun. 1. 1. N° 224.—Brun. N° 271.—Muller, N° 272.—Kram. el. p. 373-N°1. © WHITE W. —Frifch. t. 23. £. 4.—Olina, pl. in p. 43.—Georgi Reife, p. 174. La Lavandiere, Bri/. or. tii. 461. N° 38.—Buf. oif. v. p. 251. pl. 14. f. 1.— PI. eal. 652. £. 1.—Variety, f. 2. White Water-Wagtail, Raii Syn. 75. A. 1.—Will. orn. p. 237.— Albin, iv pl. 49. me Zool. i. N° 142, pl. 55.—Ara. Zool. Br. Muf. Lev. Muf. HE length of this fpecies is feven inches, of which the Descarptios. tail is one half. The bill is black: irides hazel: the hind part of the head, and nape of the neck, are black : the forehead, round the eyes, and fides of the neck, are white : the chin, fore - part of the neck, and breaft, black: the upper parts of the body, wing coverts, and rump, are cinereous: greater wing coverts, and fecondary quills, dufky,.edged with grey: greater quills blackifh; the fecondaries and prime quills nearly of a length: the lower parts of the breaft and belly are white: the eight middle tail feathers are black, edged with grey; the others are white, except at the bafe, and tips of the inher ae, which are dufky: the legs are black. z In the female the top of the head inclines to brown. FEMALE. Some birds have only a crefcent of black on ie breaft, the chin and throat being quite white. Thefe birds frequent watery places for the moft part, feeding = Puace ann on flies and ather infects. Make their neft on the ground, com- = Manners pofed of dry grafs, fine fibres of roots, and mofs, lined within with hair or feathers. The eggs are five in number, white, {potted with brown ;. and for the moft, part have only one brood in ayear. It is often feen running on the ground, which it does Bur) 2 very 396 1. Var. A. COLLARED W. DEscrRIPTION. PLacgzo WiA GOR Ah obey very quick, leaping up frequently after the flies, &c. which are too high for their catching on the ground. It is a fpecies very far fpread, being found throughout the whole of the old continent *. It is mentioned by authors as migratory for the moft part ; with us it fhifts its quarters to the fouth, as the winter approaches, and I believe part of them mi- grate, as I do not recollect feeing fo many in winter as the fummer feafon. In Scotland, and in the north of England, {carce ever feen in the hard weather. This, and others of this clafs, are called, both by the French and ourfelves, Waj/her-women, or Difhb-wafhers.. In the Leverian Mufeum is a fine variety ; white, except the hind parts, which are yellowifh. La Bergeronette 2 Collier de I’Ifle de Lugon, Sox. Voy. p. 61. t. 29. Lev. Mu/. IZE of our Wagtail. Bill black: irides hazel: forehead, as far as the crown, round the bill, and the cheeks and throat, are white: hind part of the head and neck, the lower part of the neck before, and breaft, black: the back is afh-colour: acrofs the wing is an oblique bar of white, beginning at the baftard wing: the quills are black, edged with white ; the outer ones wholly black: the tail is black, except the two outer feathers, which are white: legs black. : Inhabits the ifland of Lugonia. I have alfo feen one which came from Kamt/chatka, now in the poffeffion of Sir Fo/eph Banks. * Thave met with this more than once in C/ine/e drawings. — Le Wi eG Tun pL La Bergeronette de Madraft, Brif. orn. iii. p. 478. N° 44.—Buf. oif. v. 275. Black and White Wagtail, Raii Syn. p. 194. 3. pl. 1. f. 1. Forked Wagtail, Id. N° 4. pl. 1. f. 6. ILL, head, neck, breaft, and upper parts of the body, black: the under parts white: there is alfo an oblique band of white crofs the wing: the middle tail feathers are black, and fome of the outer ones white, but how many of each is not manifeft from either defcription or figure. The forked Wagtail is moft likely the female, as it differs merely in having thofe parts afh-colour which are black in the male. Thefe inhabit Madras. La Bergeronette grife, Bri/. orz. iii. p. 465. N° 39. pl. 25. f. 1.—Buf. oif. ve p- 261.—P/. enl. 674. 1. SOMEWHAT lefs than the laft: length fix inches three quarters. Bill brown: the upper parts of the head, neck, and body, cinereous grey: the under white: acrofs the breaft a brownifh band: wing coverts and fecondaries blackifh, edged with whitifh : greater quills blackifh brown : the tail dufky black, but the outer feather is white, except the bafe half of the inner web; the fecond the fame, but the webs are white only for one-third of their length, and the inner web black at the end: legs brown, The female wants the band on the breaft. We have not this in England, though authors talk of it as common on the continent, where it is frequently feen in the fummer, 397 2 PIED W. DeEscriPTiONe FEMALEo PLaAcE. 36 CINEREOUS W. DescriPTIONe FemMargz Pace ann Manners, 398 4e + GREY W. DescRIPTION. FEMALE. PLACE AND MANNERS. Wi A GF A Kelty fummer, in fome numbers, in the paftures among cattle; retiring to the ftreams when the fies in the firft become fearce. Part of thefe only are fuppofed to migrate. It differs fomewhat from ours in making the neft, which it does on fome low willow near the ground, and hatches twice in the year. Motacilla boarula, Liz. Mant. 1771. p. 527.—Scop. ann. i. N° 225. La Bergeronette jaune, Brif. orz. iil. p. 471. N° 41. pl. 23. f. 3. (the male). —Buf. oif. v. 268.—Pl. en]. 28. f. 16 Motacilla flava altera, Razi Syn. 75. 3. Yellow Wagtail, /dén. ii. pl. 58. (female.) Grey Wagtail, Wil. orn. p. 238.—Edw. pl. 259. (the male.) —Br. Zool. i. N° 144.—4r&. Zool. Br. Muf. Lev. Myf. LENGTH feven inches and a half. Bill brown: the up- per parts are greenifh afh-colour: over the eye a pale ftreak : fides of the head afh-colour: chin and throat black: upper tail coverts, and whole of the under parts of the body, yellow: under tail coverts deep yellow : wing coverts brown, edged with afh-colour: quills brown; fecondaries white at the bale and brown at the ends, and almoft as long as the greater quills : tail longeft of all the fpecies; the outer feather white ; the next has the infide and tip white, the outfide blackifh; third nearly the fame, but has the inner edge black; the others black, with greenifh edges: legs yellowifh brown. The female has no black on the throat. This is a conftant inhabitant of thefe kingdoms, frequenting watery places, and {mall ftreams, for the fake of infeéts, on which it feeds, The neft is on the ground, not far from the water, Wir TAG EA TY, water, compofed of dried fibres and mofs, lined with hair, fea- thers, or wool, within. The eggs are from fix to eight in number, of a dirty white, marked with yellow fpots. This is a very elegant fpecies, and found on the continent in various parts, and feems more hardy than the others. Linueus fays it is gregarious, but with us is feen only fingle, except in pairing time. Itis called at Bologna by the names of Boarola, or Boarina. It is alfo found at Senegal *. La Bergeronette de Java, Brif. orm, iii. p. 474. N° 42. pl. 25. f. 2.— Buf, vif. V. Pe 272. ENGTH feven inches. Bill grey: the head, upper parts of the body, and upper tail coverts, olive yellow: throat and neck grey: reft of the under parts yellow, deepeft towards the vent: greater wing coverts brown: quills the fame, but the fecondaries are white half way from the bafe; the third quill from the body as long as the greater ones: the fix middle tail feathers are blackifh ; the two next white within, and at the tip, the outer edge blackifh ; the outer one white, except for two- thirds down the fhaft, where it is blackifh: legs grey. Inhabits the ifland of Java. La Bergeronette grife des Indes. Son. Voy. Ind. vol. ii. Pp. 207. THE bill of this bird is pale rufous: irides yellow: the head, hind part of the neck, back, and rump, are. dirty greenifh grey: the throat, breaft, and belly, very light yellow : * Adanfon.—He calls it the Ortolan of that country. He fays that they are one lump of fat, and the tafte excellent. Io on 399 4. Var. A. JAVAN W. DescRIPTIONe PLACE 5. INDIAN W. ’ DESCRIPTIONe 400 6. + YELLOW W. DESCRIPTION. FEMALE. PLACE AND Manners. Wo A FG aT ZA Al i on the breaft are two black curved bands, joining at their ends, and are alfo united together in the middle by a line of the fame : the leffer wing coverts are like the back; the others yellow, and the fecond quills part brown part yellow; the prime quills dirty brown, with yellow edges: the two middle tail feathers greenifh grey ; the others blackifh brown; the two outer ones white, as are the thighs and vent: the legs pale rufous. $ Motacilla flava, Liz. Sy/t. i. p. 331. N° 12,—Faun. Suec. 253. Scop. ann. i. Ne 226.—Brun. N° 273, 274.—Muller, N° 273. —Kram. él. p- 374-2. —Frifch. pl. 23.—Georgi Reife, p. 174. La Bergeronette de Printemps, Bri/. orz. ili. p. 468. N° 40.—Bazf. cif. v. 265. pl. 14. fe 1.—Pl, exl. 674. N° 2 ol Yellow Water Wagtail, Raii Syn. 75. A. ay orn. p. 238. pl. 68. —Edw. pl. 158. (the female.) —Br. Zool, 1. N° 143.—4ré. Zool. Br. Muf. Lev. Muf. EN GTH (fix inches and a half. Bill black: irides hazel : the head, and upper parts of the body, olive green; rump paleft: under parts, from the breaft, bright yellow: on the throat a few black fpots: over the eye a ftreak of yellow; through the eye a fecond of dufky; and beneath the eye a third of the fame colour: leffer wing coverts as the back; the others dufky, edged with pale yellow: quills dufky: the tail black, except two of the outer feathers, which are half black half white, divided ob- liquely : legs black: the hind claw very long. The female is much lefs bright in colour: the ftreak over the eye whitifh, and wants the black markings on the throat. This is common in moift meadows and corn-fields in England in the fummer-time, migrating, or at leaft fhifting its quarters, in Wagne. Grad JA Te OL, in the winter *. In France it is feen at all times of the year, except the winter is uncommonly fevere, changing the uplands for the fides of gentle ftreams, when food grows fcarce in the firft. It makes the neft in the corn-fields +, on the ground, compofing it of bents and fibres of roots, lining it with hair. The eggs are five in number, varied with dufky fpots and lines, without any order. Bergeronette de l’Ifle de Timor, Buf. oi/: v. 275. BILL black, rather ftout at the bafe, leflening towards the point, anda trifle curved: the upper part of the plumage is Cinereous grey: beneath yellow: over the eye a line of yel- low: greater wing coverts tipped with white, forming a band acrofs the wing: quills and tail black: legs pale red: the hind claw twice the length of any of the others. Found in the [fe of Timor, in the Eaft Indies. ‘“Motacilla citreola, Pall. Trav. iii. p. 696. 14. 401 6. Var. A. _ TIMOR W. DescripTion. Prace. G0 YELLOW- HEADED W, A Trifle bigger than the Yellow Wagtail, but not unlike it, De#scrirrion. The head, neck, and all beneath, yellow: on the nape is a blackith crefcent : the back of a blueifh afh-colour: wings and tail like the Yellow Wagtail. * Some remain all the year, in Hampfhire. Br. Zool. + In holes, under fallen trees and logs. Fri/ch.—Often under the banks of fireams. Hit. des vif. Vou, Il. yas! Very 402 PLACEe 8 CAPE W, DescrRiPTIoONn. AFRICAN W. Descriprione Pace. WA GP A TE: “Very common in Sidiria, even to the arétic circle; found alfo in Rufia, but lefs numerous. Has the manners of other Wag- tails. This is perhaps the fame bird mentioned by Lepechin*, which was fix inches and a half long: the two outer tail feathers white, and the outmoft ftreaked with black: in other things as above defcribed. Motacilla Capenfis, Lin. Sy. i. p. 333. N° 24. La Bergeronette du Cap de Bonne Efperance, Bri/. orm. iii. pe 476. N° 43. pl. 25. ££ 3.—Buf. otf. v. p. 273.—Pl. enl. 28. 2.2? IZE of the White Wagtail. Bill dufky: the upper parts. ~ brown: the under dirty white, inclining to dufky on the fides: over the eye a whitifh ftreak: acrofs the breaft a dufky band: quills brown, edged with grey: the tail is black, except the two outer feathers, the greateft half of which next the end is white : legs dufky. La petite Bergeronette du Cap.de Bonne Efperance, Buf. oi/. v. p. 274, ™FIS is lefs than the former. The bill black, broad at the bafe, flender at the point, and a little curved: the upper parts of the body yellowifh brown: beneath yellow, except the under tail coverts, which are white: over the eye a ftreak of black: wings, tail, (which is half the length of the bird) and legs, black : the hind claw largeft. From. the Cape of Good Hope. * See Voy. vol. ii. p. 187. Tchutfehi: Vee Gre Ta Ay Ts) L., 403 Tchutfchi Wagtail, ra. Zool. TCHUTSCHI Ww. R OWN of the head, and back, deep olive brown: between Dateeiouiene the upper mandible and eye a fpot of white: wing coverts and primaries deep brown; the firft croffed with two bars of white : breaft and belly white, dafhed with ruft-colour: vent pale yellow: tail very long; the whole of the outer, and half of the inner, web of the outer tail feather white; all the reft dufky : legs black. Found off the Zchut/chi coat. Prack Green Wagtail, Brown. Illufir. p. 86. t 33. GREEN W. ENGTH four inches*. Head cinereous : neck, back, Descriprion: and breaft, pale green: wings and tail cinereous, edged with white: belly white. Inhabits Ceylon. Pace. * In the plate=the fize is not mentioned in the defcription. 3F 2 Genus [ 404 ] Genus XLI. WARBLER. N° 1. Nightingale. N° 18. Black-headed W. Var. A. Greater D°. 19. White Throat. Var. B. White D°. Var. A. 2. Madagafcar W. zo. Grafshopper W. 3. Pettichaps. a1. Sedge W. 4. Pafferine W. 22. Rufous W. §- Blackcap. 23. Epicurean W. Var. A. 24. Fig-eater. _ Var. B. 25. Alpine W. Var. C. 26. Patagonian W. 6. Babbling W. 27. Dartford W. 7. Reed W. 28. African W. 8. Aquatic W. 29. New York W. 9. Hedge W. 30. Umbrofe W. ro. Rufh W. 31. Yellow-throated W. x1. Redftart.. 32. Yellow-breafted W.. Var. A. Var. A. Var. B. 33- Rufous-tailed W. Var.€. 34. Yellow-bellied W. v2. Grey Redftart.. 35- Blue-grey W. 13. Chefnut-bellied W. 36. Yellow-backed W. 14. Red-tail. 37. Penfile W. #5. Guiana D®.. 38. Red-breatt. 16. Black D°. Var. A. Bologna D*.. 17. Caffrarian W. 39. Blue-throated W.. 40.. Blue: 66. . Blue W. . White-breafted W. . Cinnamon W. . Black-jawed W. . Rufty-headed W. Buff-faced W. . Stone Chat. . Sybil W. Var. A. . Luzonian. W. . Sooty W. . Spectacle W. . Coromandel W. - Philippine W.. . Dark W. . White Chat.. . Sultry W. . Sibirian W. . Senegal W. Leucomele W.. . Black and White W. - Moor W.. Var. A. . Yellow-browed. W. . Gilt-throat W. . Blue-tailed W. . Daurian W. - Black-poll W. Grey-poll W. a3: . Yellow-fronted W. - Hooded W. Var. A. . Ruby Throat. . Murine W. . Thorn-tailed W. . Magellanic W. Citrine W. . Long-legged W.. . Wheat-ear. War. Ae Var. B. Var. C. . Ruffet W. E. Var. A. Rufous W. E.. . Cape W. E. . Orange-breafted. W. E. . Black-hooded W. E, . Provence W. E. Spotted W. E. . White-crowned. W. . Grifly W. eebink Wie - Olive W.. . Ceylon W. . Cingalefe W. . China W. — _ Green Indian W. g1. White- SING Gian 92. 93° 94. 95° c6. Tis 98. 99: TOO. 1Or. 102. 103. 104. 105. 106. 107. 108. 109. IIo. IIt. 112. 113. 134. DES. 116. 117. 118, 4 [ <406 +] White-eyed W. Bourbon W. Maurice W. Madagafear W. Citron-bellied W. Undated W. Dufky W. Flaxen W. Red-headed W. = St. Domingo W. Louifiane W. Green and White W. Orange-throated W. Yellow-rumped W. Brown-throated W. Spotted Yellow W. Var. A. Pine W. Green W. Quebec W. Jamaica W. Golden-crowned W. Belted W. Black-throated W. White-poll W. | Bloody-fide W. Red-throated W. Czrulean W. Gold-winged W. N°* 119. 120. 12 Tee 122. 123. 124. 125. 126. 127. 128. 129. 130. 131. 132. 133. 134- ¥35- 136. 137- 138. 139. 140. 141. 142. 143. Orange-headed W. Crefted W. Rufous and black W. Equatorial W. Prothonotary W. Half-collar W. Orange-bellied W. Olive-brown W. Graffet W. Grey-threated W. Hang-neft W. White-chinned W. Palm W. Banana W. Worm-eater. Simple W. Great-tailed W. Long-tailed W. Superb W, Cayenne W. Var. A. Var. B. Blue-headed .W. Blue-ftriped W. Red-bellied W. Guira W. Wren. Var. A. Var..B. 144. Brown W AR B L. ER. 407 N° 144. Brown W. Var. B. 145, Gold-crefted W. Var. C. Var. A. Var. D. 146. Ruby-crowned W. N° 148. Yellow-poll W. 147. Yellow W. 149. Tailor W. Var. A. IR DS of this genus have a flender and weak bill*: noftrils fmall, a little depreffed: tongue cloven. The exterior toe joined at the under part to the bafe of the middle one. This genus and the laft are blended by Linneus, but. very properly feparated by Mr. Pennant, as they differ in feveral of their manners. The birds here treated of perch on trees, for the moft part; proceed by leaps, not running +; and feldom emit any noife in flight. They are the moft numerous of any genus, and the major part inhabit the warmer regions, where infects of all kinds, their proper food, abound. Many of the- birds included in this chapter feem to belong to the Flycatcher tribe ; and perhaps, on future inveftigation, may hereafter prove to be really fuch. * Many have anotch at the tip of the upper mandible, but this character. is not conflant. + The Wheat-ears, andfome others, are an exception. to this.. © & Motacilla : 408 Te += NIGHTIN- GALE. DescRIPTION. PLACE AND Mangers. WAR BL ER. Motacilla lufcinia, Lin. Sy? i. p. 324. N° 1.—Kram. el. p. 375. N° 9.— Brun. orn. p» 79-—Muller, p. 32. N° 265.—Frifch. t. 21.——Kram. el. 376. 10.—Olix. uc. pl. in p. 1. Sylvia lufcinia, Scop. azz. i. N° 227. Le Roffignol, Brif. orn, ili. p. 397. N° 13.—Buf. oif. v. p. 81. pl. 6. f. 1.— Pl. enl. 615. N° 2. Nightingale, Raii Syn. p. 78.—Will. orn. p. 220. pl. 41.—Albia. iii. pl. 53. Br. Zool.i. N° 145. Ara. Zool. Br. Muf. Lev. Muf, HIS, though a plain bird, merits the firft place in the Warbler genus, on account of its delightful fong. It is larger in fize than the Hedge Sparrow, and in length fix inches and a quarter. The bill is brown: irides hazel : the head and back pale tawny, dafhed with olive: the tail of a deep tawny red: under parts pale afh-colour, growing white towards the vent: quills cinereous brown, with the outer margins reddifh brown : legs cinereous brown. The male and female very fimilar. This bird is fufficiently common in England, but not feen in the more zorthern counties, and feldom in the weftern, Yorkfbire being the fartheft to which it migrates, and fearce ever feen either in Devonfbire or Cornwall. It comes into this ifland the beginning of April, and departs fome time in Auguft. It is met with in Sibiria, Sweden, Germany, France, Italy, and Greece, but in all thofe places is migratory, as in England; indeed we are not clear in refpeét to its natural winter refidence, but moft likely it is not in Europe; nor are we pofitive of its being in Africa”*: * In the Voy. aux Canaries, p. 104, a Nightingale is mentioned, which is faid not to fing fo well as ours, it is therefore not certain of its being the fame. 6 we Wi) AOR) 46° BR) Be OR. we may therefore conclyde that it is an inhabitant of the Afiatic regions, during fuch times as it is not to be found in Europe. Haffelquift * fpeaks of it as being in Paleftine; and Fryer + afcertains its being found about Chulminor in Perfia; it is alfo fpoke of as a bird of China, Kamt/chatka{, and Fapan || ; at which laft place they are much efteemed, and fell dear; as they are alfo at Aleppo, where they are “‘in great abundance * kept tame in houfes, and let out at a fmall rate to fuch as «© chufe it in the city, fo that no entertainment is made in the “© fpring without a concert of thefe birds§.” We are almoft certain of their not being found in America, though many of their birds bear that name §§; None but the vileft epicure would think of eating thefe charm- ing fongfters ; yet we are told that their flefh is equal to that of the Ortolan, and they are fatted in Ga/cony for the table. Every {chool-boy muft have read of Heliogabalus eating of Nightingales tongues ; and that famed difh of the Roman ¢tragedian A/op, which was compofed of thofe of every finging or talking bird tf. * He fays it is very common on the fhores of the river Nile. + ** The Nightingale, the {weet harbinger of the light, is a conftant chearer «¢ of thefe groves, charming with its warbling ftrains the heavieft foul into a «¢ pleafing extacy.” Fryer’s Travels, p. 248. { Ellis’s Narrative, ii. p. 229. || Kempfer Japan. § Ruf: Alep. p. 7- §§ Virginian Nightingale, American Nightingale, Spanifo Nightingale. All birds of a different {pecies, for certain. tt This dith is faid to have coft about 68434, 104. OF our money. Br. Zool. it. 656, note, Vou. II. 3 G/ The 409 410 WA IRINB J, JE GR: FEMALE. The female makes her neft in fome low bufh, or quickfet- . hedge, well covered with foliage, for fuch only this bird fre- guents ; and-lays four or five eggs, of a greenifh brown. The neft is compofed of dry leaves on the outfide, mixed with grafs and fibres, lined with hair or down within, though not always alike: I have alfo known the neft made upon a little rifing ground. The female alone fits on and hatches the eggs, while the male, not far off, confoles her with his delightful fong * ; but as foon as the young are hatched, leaves off finging, for the~= moft part, and joins with the female in the tafk of providing for and feeding them. After the young can provide for them- felves, the old female provides for a fecond brood, and the fong of the male recommences. They have alfo been known to have three broods in a year, and in the hot countries even four t. It has been obferved, that the males are at leaft double in number to the females f. Manners, They are folitary birds, never uniting into even fmall flocks; and in refpect to the nefts, it is very feldom that two are found near each other. Thefe birds are often brought up from the neft for the fake of their fong; and are likewife caught at their firf’ coming over, and, though old birds, yet * The male in general only fings, yet now and then a female has been known: to fing in a cage. + Hift. des cif. } Buffon fays, that there are always more males than females; fo that if one is deftroyed, the female never fails to get anew mate, and even a fecond or third, if wanting. Quere, How are the fupernumerary males provided for ? or did nature enjoin the unhappy batchelor a ftate of celibacy ? The males arrive firft, and in abouta week after the females, who have feldom. any males with them. No wonder, then, if all the birds firft caught fhould be males. See Br. Zool. i. p. 658- may W ARB LE R. may be made by management to bear confinement, and fing equally with thefe brought up from the neft*. — Thus much for the general manners; the whole of which would fill a volume. Thofe who defire more, may confult the Br. Zoo/. and Appendix; alfo the Hit. des oif. where the fubject is treated in the moft am- ple manner. We Lien Le grand Roffignol, Brif. orz. iii. p. 400.— Buf. oif. v. p- 113. Groffe-nachtigalle, Schwench. Sil. p. 296. Slowick wiekfzy, Rzacz. Aud. Pol. 391. Sprofs-vogel, Fri/ch. pl. z1. HIS is mentioned by authors as being confiderably bigger than the other, and, according to Fri/ch, fings even better. The plumage is faid to be rufous and afh-colour mixed. This author alfo fpeaks of a third, which is fmaller than the other two, whofe fong is only in proportion to its fize +. Thefe are faid to be met with chiefly in Sidefia; not but there are Nightingales of a much larger fize to be met with about Anjou, in France. * Ifan old bird be caught at the firft coming, it begins to fing after fix or eight days confinement, and after the ufual time, the fong goes off; and again the end of December; and fo on every year: but if brought up from the neft, it fings the whole year round, except during the time of moulting; and often better than the wild Nighringale. + See Kram, el. p. 376. N°10.? 3G2 : Le 4ti re Var. Ae GREATER N. DEscRIPTION. Puace. 4l2 Var. Bo WHITE N. DescriPTioNe Ze MADAGASCAR W. DESCRIPTION. PLACE. WAR B £& ER. Le Roflignol blanc, Brif. orn. iii. p. 401.—= Buf. cif. Vv. po 114.— Aldr. ave ile Pp. 777 SIZE of the common Nightingale, but wholly white+: and others have been known with the head, neck, wings, and tail, white; the reft of the plumage pale brown and white, mixed. Le Roffignol de Madagafcar, Bri/. orz, ili. p. 401. N° 14. pl. 22. f. 1. Le Foudi-jala, Buf. oif. v. p. 116. IZE of our Nightingale: length near fix inches and a half. Bill deep brown: the head rufous: behind each eye a brown fpot: the upper parts of the body olive brown: throat white > breaft pale rufous: belly rufous brown, inclining to olive: tail above, olive brown; beneath, inclining to olive: legs deep brown. This is found at Madaga/car, where they call it Foudi-jala. + Thought a prefent worthy of Agrippina, the wife of the Emperor Claudius. 5 for which bird 6000 fefterces had been offered, — Pliny, Nat. Hift. 1. X» cap. 29s Motacilla Wew® REE E R. La Fauvette, Bri/.orn. iii. p. 372. 2.—Buf, of. vep. 117. pl. 7.—Pl. end. 79. f. 1 S IZE of the Hedge Sparrow; length fix inches. Bill blackifh, bafe of the under mandible paler: plumage, on the upper parts, greyifh brown ; deepeft on the head: from the bafe of the bill a whitifh ftreak, paffing over the eye, but not beyond it: the under parts are rufous white, inclining moft to the laft colour towards the vent: the fides and thighs verge to grey: quills cinereous brown, with greyifh edges: tail brown, edged with grey brown; the outer feather dirty white on the outer web and towards the tip of the inner, dividing the feather obliquely * ; legs brown. This is a common fpecies in France and Italy, where it frequents the fields and gardens, often building on the pea-flicks. The neft is compofed of dried herbs, lined with fine fibres and hair. The eges are five in number. A bird very nearly allied to the above, if not a variety, is alfo not uncommon in England. Size and length the fame: the upper parts greyifh brown, with a caft of green; the under dufky white, inclin- ing a little to brown _acrofs the breaft and over the thighs: the thighs themfelves ftill darker: quills and tail dufky, edged with the general colour of the upper parts, but all the feathers of the laft of one colour: there is alfo an indiftiné& trace of white over the eye, as in the laft defcribed : bill and legs brown. This is not unfrequent in Lancafbire, from whence a pair was fent to me from Sir 4. Lever. The male and female are much alike. The ege of a dirty white, marked with irregular dufky blotches of various fizes, particularly about the middle; and here and there a fcratch of black. I received it by the name of Pettychaps. Motacilla hippolais, Lin. Syf.i. p. 330. 7: Pettychaps, or Beccafigo, Rai Sya. p. 79. A. 7.—Will. orn. p. 216.—Br. Zool. i. N° 149. (the defcription). GIZE rather {maller than a Linnet. Bill fhort: the upper man- dible black ; the under blueifh: infide of the mouth flefh-colour : above and below the eye a yellowifh line: head, neck, and. upper * The tip of the laft feather but one is alfo white. Ali/?. des oi/, Wor, If. Oe & w parts, 413 PETTYCHABS. DEscRIPTION. Pace anp Manners. VariETyY, 3*. LESSER PETTYCHAPS. DeEscriPTion, 414 PLACE ANB MANNERS. 4. PASSERINE W. DeEscRIPFION. PLACE AND MANNERS. Wer at Re OB yi Eek: parts, greenifh afh-colour ; quills and tail moufe-colour, with greenith edges and black fhafts: under wing coverts yellow: belly filvery white : the breaft darker, and tinged with yellow ; legs blueifh or lead-coloured. { This fpecies is frequent in feveral parts of England, and makes a neft of an arched form, compofed of dry dents, mixed with a little mofs, and thickly lined with feathers: it is placed on the ground under a tuft of grafs, or at the bottom of a bufh. The eggs are five in number, white, fprinkled all over with fmall red fpots, moft fo at the largeft end. In Dov/fet/hire it is known by the name of Hay- bird*. In Yorkfbire it is called the Beam-bird +. La petit Fauvette, Brif. orn. iii. p. 374. N°3. Paflerinette, Buf. oi/. v. p. 123.—Pl. enl. 579. f. 2. Borin, Aldr. av. ii, p. 733. te in p. 734.—Jobuff. av. t. 44.—Raii Syn. p. 81. N° 10.—Will. orn. p. 216. mp His is lefs than the laft, being only five inches and a quarter in length. The bill is fender and fharp, and of a brown colour : irides red brown : the upper parts of the body pale afh-colour {; the under parts of a greyifh white; the fides inclining to brown: over the eye a {mall whitifh ftreak : quills and tail dutky : lees lead- colour. This inhabits various parts of Europe, but is notin England. It is found in Provence, in France, where it is called Pafferinette ; by the people of Bologna, Chivin ; at Marfeilles, Becafigulo ; and Borin by the Genoe/e. It makes the neft on fome low bufh, near the ground; fuch as a goofeberry-bufh. It is compofed of dry herbs, largeft on the outfide, and finer within. The eggs are four in number, of a dirty white, fpotted with green of two colours; moft fo about the large end. It has no other note than a chirp or two, which it repeats when - hopping from one fhrub to another. .* For the above account I am indebted to the Rev. Mr. Lightfoot. "The bird, nett, and ee are in the collection of the Duchefs Dowager of Portland, at Bulffrode. + Br. } ilagesy fays, the rump is white ; but neither Buffon nor Brif/oz mention this circumftance, Motacilla Wil Ae RB do AR. Motacilla atricapilla, Linz. Sy. i. p. 332. N° 18. — Fawn. Suec. N° 256.— Scop. ann, 1. N° 229. — Brun. orn. N° 278. 279. — Muller, p. 33. N° 277.—Kram. el. 377. 15.—Frifch. t. 23. —Olin. uc. pl. in p. 9. La Fauvette a téte noire, Bri/. orn. iii. p. 380. N° 6.— Buf. otf. v. p. 125. pl. 8..f. 1. Blackcap, Raii Syn. p. 79. A. 8.—Will. orn. p. 226. — Br. Zoo}. i. N° 148. —Ar&. Zool, Br. Muf. Lev. Muf. I N fize lefs than the Pettichaps: length five inches and a quar- ter. Bill brown: the top of the head is black: the upper parts of the body greenifh afh-colour: fides of the head, and under parts, grey, changing to very light grey, or almoft white, towards the vent: the quills and tail cinereous brown, margined with the fame colour as the upper parts: the tail has the two middle feathers rather the fhorteft: Jegs lead-colour: claws Beblacies The female differs from the male only in having the head of a ferruginous chefnut-colour, inftead of black. This bird is not unfrequent in England, and elfewhere in Europe, as far as Italy; in all which places it is known to breéd; _ coming in fpring, and retiring in September. With us it makes but one neft in the year *, which is generally placed in fome low bufh, not far from the ground. It is com- pofed of dried ftalks, mixed with a little wool and green mofs round the verge: the infide lined with the fibres of roots, thinly covered with black horfe-hair.. ® In Italy it builds twice in the year. ———=Ojina.. The: 415 BLACKCAP. DescriPTION. FEMALEe PLacge AnpD. Manners. 416 val A. DescRIPTIONe 5. Var. B. DeEscRIPTION. W AR ‘BL EER. The eggs five in number; of a pale reddith brown, mottled with a deeper colour, and fprinkled with a few dark fpots. The male takes turn with the female during incubation; and the young very early leap out of the neft, efpecially if any one approaches it, and forfake it for ever. The food is not confined to in/eé#s, as it will, in defect of them, eat the fruits of Spurge Laurel, Service, and Ivy. It feems to be even fond of the laft, as they much frequent fuch trees as are overgrown with it; and 1 have found more than once the berries of ivy in their ftomach, at a time when there has been plenty of infects of all kinds. I once alfo knew a pair of thefe build in an old ivy-tree, pretty high from the ground. ; The fong is much efteemed, and in many things almoft equal- ling the Nightingale itfelf; fcarcely deficient, except in the de- lightful variety of note of the laft-named bird. Hence by many has been named the Mock Nightingale. Of this there are two varieties. La Fauvette 4 téte noire, Bri/. orm. iii. p. 383. Ficedula varia, d/dr. av. ii. p. 759. HIS differs from the other, in being wholly variegated with white and black only. La petite Columbade, Buf cif v. p. 131. — HIS is fomewhat bigger: has the upper parts of a very deep and almoft blackifh colour ; the throat white; and the fides grey. This is found in Provence, where it frequents the woods. 5 ae Fauvette W »A -R -B.L E.R. Fauvette verdatre de la Louifiane, Buf off. v p. 162. QIZE of the Blackcap Warbler. Bill dufky: top of the head blackifh: hind part of the neck deep afh-colour: fides and back pale brown, with a tinge of green: wings and tail blackith, edged with brownifh green: above the eye a ftreak of white: throat white: under parts of the body grey. Inhabits Lowi/iana. Motacilla curruca, Lin. Sy/f. i. p. 329. N° 6. — Faun. Suec. N° 247. — Scop. ann, 1. N° 228.—WMuller, p. 32. N° 267. : La Fauvette Babillarde, Bri/. orn. iii. p. 384. N° 7.—Bu/. oi/. v. p. 135.— Pl. enl. 580. f. 3. Beccafico canapino, Oliz. wc. p. 11. f. 2.—Will, orn. pl. 23. Br. Maf. ENGTH five inches, Bill blackifh: crown of the head cinereous: the reft of the upper parts the fame, but inclining to brown: beneath the eye a ftreak of deep afh-colour: the under parts, and the edge of the wing, rufous white: quills brewn, edged within with white, and outwardly with rufous grey ; but the greater ones with afh-colour: tail brown, edged with grey ; the outer feather on each fide has the outer web and tip white ; the inner web cinereous, bordered with white; the middle feather the fhorteft, making the tail fomewhat forked: legs brown. This fpecies inhabits France and Italy; frequenting the hedges, and building therein, not far from the ground. The eggs are greenifh, dotted with brown *. * Afh-coloured, fpotted with ferruginous.—Faun. Suec: Vo. II. Page! The 417 Se Var. C. Descriprion, Puace, 6. BABBLING W. DESCRIPTION. Place an Mawnnerss 4.28 DEscRiPTION. Wo AR i i Rae The food, for the moft part, is Caterpillars. Scopolt obferves, that it is a reftlefs, noify bird, imitating the notes of other birds; and is frequent ina the gardens at Pi/a:in fummer, where 1t 1s called Biancheito.. Motacilla Schenobanus, Liz. Sy. i. p. 329. N° 4.— aun, Suec. N° 246.— ~ Scop. ann. ie N°235.—Faun. Arab. p. 6. N° 17. Motacilla Yvica, Hafélg. Voy. p. 286. N° 50. h La Fauvette de bois, ou la Rouffette, -Bri/. or. iii. p. 393. N° 11.— Buf otf V. p. 139-—Raii Syn. p. 80. N° 1. Simall Nightingale, Will. orn. p. 237. IZE of the Pettichaps. The bilk blackifh: the head, hind part of the neck, breaft, back, rump,. wing and tail coverts, brown and rufous ; wz. each feather brown, bordered with: ru- fous: throat, fore part of the neck, belly, fides, thighs, and vent, inclined to rufous : quills brown, edged with rufous: tail wholly ~ brown : legs whitifh. This is found both in France and Italy, and is likewife an in- habitant of Sweden. Whether it migrates in the laft, we are not told; but it is known to winter in the fouth of France, changing its place, like the Whiz Chat in England. It builds the neft.in the woods, which is chiefly compofed of mofs and wool;, and lays four or five fky-blue eggs. The young are readily brought up; and the bird in general very tame and familiar. Its fong is not unpleafant; and befides, treating us. with it during the winter feafon, Sylvia Wer Aer Bk ER. Sylvia Schenobanus, Scop. ann. 1. N° 235- HIS feems to me to differ in fpecies from the laft. Scopoli defcribes his bird as having the upper parts pale ru- fous, {potted with brown; the throat and breaft both inclined to rufous; and the belly and rump whitifh: there is a whitith fpot alfo above the outer corner of the eye, and a band of white at the bafe of the wing: the tail feathers are pointed. He fays, that it builds on the ground ; is often feen fitting on the tops of plants; migrates early in autumn; and is called by the Italians, Grifato. The circumftance of the migrating, gives reafon for fuppofing it a different bird from the other; otherwife they fomewhat cor- refpond. Motacilla modularis, Liz. Sy. i. p. 329. N° 3.— Faun. Suec. 245.— Brun. 70, 269.—Muller, p. 32. N° 266.—Frifch. t. 21. La Fauvette de Haye, ou la Pafle-bufe, Bri/: orz. iti. Pp: 394. N° 12. Le Traine-buiffon, Mouchet, ou la Fauvette d’Hiver, Buf.-oif. Vs p. 151. pl. 9.—P/. enl. 615. f. 1. Hedge Sparrow, Rati Synz. p.79. A.6.— Will. ora. 215.— Albin. iii. pl. 59. —Br. Zool. i. N° 150.—4r&. Zool. ; Br. Muf. Lev. Mu/. Vuls well-known bird meafures five inches and a quarter. The bill is blackifh: irides hazel: the head deep brown, mixed with afh-colour: cheeks marked with oblong fpots of dirty white: back and wing coverts dufky, edged with reddifh brown: quills and tail dufky : rump greenifh brown; throat and breaft 3 H2 dull 419 8. AQUATIC wW. DescRIPTion. Qo +- HEDGE W. DescripTion. 420 FreMALe. PLace anb MANNERSe 10. RUSH W. DeEscRIPTION. Pace, NV AR OB la) Re dull afh-colour: belly dirty white: fides, thighs, and vent, pale tawny brown: legs dull flefh-cclour. In the female the colours are lefs vivid than in the male. This bird frequents hedges in England, and is very common. Makes its neft of mofs and wool, lining it with hair; and lays four or five eggs, of a fine pale blue. With us, and the more northern regions, it is feen at all feafons ; but in France it is mi- gratory, coming in Ofober, and departing northward in fpring: however a very few ftay behind; for now and then a nett is found in France, though rare. This isa winter fongfter; and its note would be thought plea- fant, did it not remind us of the approach of winter; beginning with the firft frofts, and continuing till a little time in fprine. Its often repeating the words #if, fit, z7f, has occafioned its. being called Tizling ; a name it is known by in many places. The Cuckow frequently lays her egg in the neft of this bird. Le Moineau de Virginie, Brif. orn. lil. p. IOI. TM. Little Brown Sparrow, Catefo. Car. i. p. 35» Ruth Warbler, 4r&. Zool. ESS than our Hedge Sparrow: length four inches and three quarters. Bill brown: the general colour of the plumage the fame, but paleft beneath: the tail rather forked: legs brown. Inhabits Virginia and Carolina: feeds on infects: is much of the nature of the Hedge Sparrow: is not numerous, but moft common near houfes in Caroling and Virginia the whole year. Motacilla NO JR, TR TBE ai EA BR Motacilla Phenicurus, Liz. Sy/f.i. p. 335. N°34.— Faun Suec. N° 257.— Scop. ann. i. p. 157. N° 232. —Bran. N° 280. 281. — Muller, p. 33. Ne 278.—Georgi Reife, p 174.—Frifch. t. 19.—Kram. el. p. 376. 11+ —Olin. uc. pl. im p. 47. Le Rofiignol de Muraille, Brif. orz. iii. p. 403. N° 15.—Buf. oi/. v. p. 170. pl. 6. f. 2.—-P/. ent. 351. f. 1. 2. Redftart, Raii Syz. p.78. A. 5.—Will. orn. 218.—Albin, i. pl. 50.—Br. Zool. i, N° 146.—4r@. Zool, Lev. Muf. an HIS is rather lefs than the Reddreaf: length five inches and a quarter. Bill black: forehead white: crown of the head, hind part of the neck, and back, deep blue grey ; in fome almoft black: cheeks and throat black: breaft, rump, and fides, red : belly white: the two middle tail feathers brown; the reft red: the legs black. : The female has the top of the head and back cinereous grey: chin white, The fame parts are red in this fex as in the male, but not fo bright. The wings are brown in both fexes. This bird is migratory; meafuring its ftay with the Nightin- gale, and other birds of paffage; coming in {pring, and departing in autumn, about Ogfober; I fhould fuppofe, departing fooner or later, according to the more northern places of its fummer refi- dence *. -In Jtaly + it is feen a month later than with us. ~ It is not fo fay as many birds, in refpect to itfelf; for it ap- proaches habitations, and frequently makes its neft in fome hole of a wall where numbers of people pafs by frequently; yet is con- * Scopoli fays it departs in September T Olina ( 6 tent 421 II. + REDSTART. DeEscRIPTIONe FEMALE. PracE AND Manneprs. ile Var. Ae DEscRIPTION. a WW, PA eR 9B aL, eo. tent if no one meddles with the neft; for the leaft derangement of the eggs, or almoft looking at them, efpecially if the female is difturbed thereby, caufes her to forfake the neft altogether. It frequently builds alfo in fome hole of a tree. The neft is compofed chiefly of mofs, lined with hair and fea- thers. The eggs are blue; four or five in number; not unlike, but rather more elongated than, thofe of the Hedge Sparrow. It frequently wags the tail *. It is with difficuity that thefe birds are kept in a cage, not fubmitting to it by any means if caught old; though it may be brought up from the neft if great care is taken. Its fong is not ftrong, yet agreeable enough; and will, if taught young, imitate the note of other birds, and fing by night frequently, as well as in the day-time. | At large, the food is infects, flies, [piders, ants eggs, and fuch like; but when brought up by hand, will bear to be treated as the Nightingale. Le Roffignol de Muraille cendre, Brif- orzeiii. p. 406. Aldrov. third Redftart, Ra# Syz. p.78. Ae 5. Var. 1.—Will. orn. p. 218. H1S isa variety of the male; and differs in having a long line of white only on the forehead, the back more cinere- ous, and the bottom of the belly not white. * Tt wags the tail fideways, like a dog when he is pleafed, and not up and down, like the Wagtail.—Br. Zool. WV AMP Rie alan. Le Roffignol de Muraille a poitrine tachetée, Pri orn. iii. p. 407. Roth-fchwentzlein, Fri/ch. t. 20. HIS is a female, differing from the common only in having the breaft fpotted with red. Sylvia tithys, Liz. Sy. ed, 10. N° 23.—Scop. anu. i. p. 157. N° 233. COPOLT feems certain of this being a different bird from the Redffart, and fays, the male inclines to afh-colour: the throat and breaft black: belly, between the thighs, whitifh: elfe- where varied with black and. white. The female wholly brown. Both fexes have the two middle tail feathers brown; the others brown at the tips ; the reft of the tail feathers and vent red. It is called by the Italians, Moretto ; and by the Germans, Haufroth Schweife. Le Roffignol de Muraille de Gibraltar, Brif. or. iil, p. 407. N° 16.—Buf. 0if.V. DP. 177. Grey Reditart, Edw. pl. 29.—Ar&. Zool. IZE of the Common Redftart. Bill’ dark brown: forehead, fides of the head, and’ throat, black: hind head white, pafling forwards to the eyes: top of the head, neck, back, wing coverts, breaft, and upper part of the belly, blueifn grey, or afh-colour: lower belly white: quills grey brown, edged with white: rump and tail. erange-colour ;. the two middle feathers of the laft are brown, DEscRIPTION.s Ih Wins (CS DescriPTION. FEMALE. ie GREY REDSTART. DescrRipTion. PLACE. 13% CHESNUT- BELLIED W. DeEscRIPTION. FEMALE? PLacE AND Manners. WoSA SRB UL YEU. brown, and all the others tipped with brown, except the outer one, which is wholly orange: legs brown. Inhabits Gibraltar. Motacilla erythrogaftra, N.C. Petr. vol. xix. p. 4€9. N° 4. t. 16.17. Aut. FJ. Gueldenftaedt. S IZE of a Wheat-ear: length feven inches. Bill black: eyes brown: crown and nape dirty footy white: round the bill, the throat, cheeks and temples, neck, and between the wings, deep black: breaft, belly, and vent, deep chefnut: rump and tail the fame: the wings reach beyond the middle cf the tail ; the middle of the quills, from the third to the tenth, is white, forming a fpot acrofs them: feathers round the knee, or garter, black: legs and claws black. The female has a paler rump and tail than the male; the tips of the outer feathers, and the whole of the two middle ones, are brown: the reft of the bird cinereous, deepeft above, with a mix- ‘ture of rufous on the belly. This, fays the author, inhabits the gravelly hollows of the Czu- cafian torrents the whole fummer: is migratory, going more fouth in winter, in fearch of food: runs on the banks of rivers ; is reftlefs, but not fearful; often moving the tail; and fits at times on the low fhrubs. It makes the neft between the branches of the Sea-buckthorn ; of the berries of which it is very fond. Motacilla w AR BLE R. Motacilla erithacus, Liz. Sy. i. p. 335. N° 35.—Faun. Suec. 258. Le Rouge-queue 4 Collier, Brif. orn. iti. p. 411. N° 18. (the male.) —Bu/, cif. V. p. 180. Le Rouge-queue, Brif. orn. iii. p. 409. N° 17. (the female.) Rothfchwentzel, Raiz Syn. p.78. A. 5. 2.—Will. orn. p. 218. ch. 7. 2— Frifch. ts 20. _ fA Trifle bigger than the Redfart. Bill blackifh: top of the head, hind part of the neck and back, fcapulars, and leffer wing coverts, grey: rump and tail rufous: throat, and from thence to the vent, whitifh grey, irregularly mixed with pale rufous: fides, under wing and tail coverts, of the laft colour: greater wing coverts, and quills, grey brown, edged with ru- fous: tail wholly rufous, and a trifle forked: legs black. The male differs from the former, which is the female, chiefly in having a large brown mark on the fore part of the neck, inthe | fhape of a horfefhoe, the concave part uppermoft : a fmail brown fpot between the bill and eye: the two middle tail feathers brown; the reft rufous. I place this here as the ma/e, on the authority of Buffon. Thefe inhabit the continent of Europe, and are migratory : arrive in Burgundy and Lorrain in May, and depart in Ofoder: frequent the woods, nefting in.the low bufhes, near the ground. The neft is compofed of mofs without, and wool and feathers within. The eggs five or fix in number, white, mixed with grey. They may be found in the fkirts of the wood, which they frequent morning and-evening, to feek the worms, flies, and the like, on which they feed. It has fcarce any fong, only a fingle note, like the word /wit, and wags the tail like the Red- frart. Ors Il. 3 1 At 425 14. RED-TAIL. DESCRIPTION, FEMALE. Mate. PLACE AND Manners. 426 156 GUIANA RED- TAIL. DeEscRIPTION. PLAce» 16. BLACK RED- TAIL. DESCRIPTION. 17. CAFFRARIAN Ww. DESCRIPTIONd PLACcke WARBLE R. At the end of the fummer it is very fat, and delicate to eat. Le Rouge-queue dela Guyane, Buf. otf. v. p. 186.—Pl. el. 686. f. 26 JLJENGTH fix inches and a half. Bill pale: the upper parts of the head, neck, and body, are grey: the under parts white: wings and tail, which is pretty long, wholly rufous «. legs pale flefh-colour. Inhabits Guiana. Lev. Muf. EN GT H fix inches. General colour of the plumage black : the top of the head lead-colour: feathers of the back edged with dufky brown: quills dufky: outer edges of the fe- condaries fringed with white: the two middle tail feathers are dufky ; the others red, like thofe of the Redfart. From whence unknown. Motacilla Caffra, Zin. Mantiff. 1771. p. 527-. I ZE of the White Wagtail. Head and back olive: over the eyes a white ftreak: between the bill and eye black: throat and rump ferruginous: breaft and belly whitifh: quills brown: tail even, ferruginous; the ends of the feathers. brown. Inhabits the Cape of Good Hope. Mufcicapa: c] Wi, (AWRY Bp) ER Mofcicapa ruticilla, Zin. Syf. i. p. 236. 10. Le Gobe-mouche d’Amerique, Prif. orn. ii. p. 383. 14.—P/. enl. 566. f. 1. 2. aoe vA Le petit Noir-Aurore, Buf. oie p. 546. Small black and orange-coloured bird, Razz Synz. p. 188. 5.—Sloaz. Fam. Pp. 312: 50. Small American Redftart, Edw. pl. 80.*—Catefb. Car. i. pl. 67. (the male.) Yellow-tailed Flycatcher, Edw. pl. 257.* (the female:) Black-headed Warbler, 4r4. Zool. Br. Muf. Lev. Mu/. IZE of the Peitichaps: length four inches three quarters. Bill blackifh ; the bafe befet with a few briftles: the head, neck, and upper parts, are black: the wings are alfo black, with a deep orange bar acrofs the middle of them: fides of the body orange: the belly, thighs, and vent, pale orange: the tail orange, with one-third of the end black; but the two middle feathers are wholly black. The female has the upper parts brownifh afh-colour : the under white: tail, wings, and fides of the body, the fame, but yellow inftead of orange: legs in both brown. Mem. Edwards’s bird is lefs than that of Cate/by. This inhabits the fhady woods of North America, as far as Hudfon’s Bay, in fummer ; in winter migrates; and is then faid to be found in Famaica and the neighbouring iflands, * T have great fufpicion that both thefe birds belong to the genus of Fly- catcher, and are the fame, except in fex; if fo, it would have been moft proper to have placed them under that genus, rather than the prefent one. I have only examined thofe from Hud/on’s Bay, which appear to be true Fycatchers ; and it remains ftill in fufpenfe whether Caze/ly’s bird and that of S/oane be the fame; as one fhewn to us for the female of the laft had the bill of a Warbler. 3 I 2 Motacillz 497 18. BLACK- HEADED W. Description, FEMALES Praca 428 19. sur WHITE- THROAT, DeEsCRiPTION. FEMALE. PLACE AND MANNERS. Tu MR. Be Ie EL Re Motacilla fylvia, Lin. Sy. i. p. 330. N° 9.—Faua. Suec. N° 250.—Brun 71, N° 275.—Muller, p. 32. N° 269. La Fauvette grife, ou la Grifette, Brif. orn. iii. p. 376. N° 4. pl. a1. f. 1.— Buf. oif. v. p. 132.—PI, enl. 579. f. 3. La Mefange cendrée, Brif. oru. iii. p. 549. N° 4.—Buf. oi/. v. p. 409. Il. La Vitrec 4a menton blanc, Salerne, p. 226. 6. Stoparola, Rai Syn. 77. A. 6. White Throat, 7d. A. 1.—Will, ori. 210? 236.—Br. Zool, i. N?.160.— 4rd, Zool. Br. Muf. Lev. Muf. EN GTH above five inches and a half. Bill black, at the _ bafe whitifh : irides chefnut *: head brownifh afh-colour: the back reddifh : leffer wing coverts pale brown; the greater brown, with reddifh margins: throat white: breaft and belly reddifh white: tail and quills dufky, edged with pale brown, except the outer feather, which has the outer web wholly white, and inner the fame, half way from the bafe: legs. pale brown. The female differs in having the breaft and belly wholly white. This is a bird of paflage, vifiting us in fpring, and leav- ing us in autumn, and is not uncommon in England, It fre- quents the hedges, and makes a neft two or three feet from the ground, compofed of mofs, and dry ftalks of herbs. The eggs are five in number, of a greenifh grey, marked with rufous and brown * fpots. It is known alfo in France, and many other parts of the Ezro- pean continent, and is called by the people of Provence, Le Pafferine. * Sometimes yellowihh hazel. + Black. Willughby. With Wiese Re By Be Bo Re With ws, I believe, it lives chiefly on infects ; but Bujfon fays, that it will alfo feed on the fruits of the fig and olzve. La Boufcarle de Provence, Buf. oi/. v. 134.—PI. enl. 655. f. 2. H1S is of the fame fize as the laft, and very fimilar ; it dif- fers chiefly in being much inclined throughout to fulvous, whereas the other has a caft of grey ; it muft therefore be efteemed only as a variety. This was caught at Provence. In the PJ. enl. the tail feathers feem. all of one colour. Alauda trivialis, Liz. Syf. i. p. 288. 5. L’Alouette de Buiffon, Brif. orn. ili. p. 347. ~~ Pipi, Buf. oé/. v. p. 39. pl. 4.—Pi: exl. 661. f. 20 Piep Lerche, Fri/ch. pl. 16. Pipit Lark, Albin. i. pl. 44? Grafshopper Lark, Radi Syn. p» 70.—Will. orn. p. 209.—Br. Zool, N° 156. Ar&. Zool. Lev. Muf- IZE fimall: length between five and fix inches. Bill dufky: between the bill and eye white: the colour of the upper parts of the body greenifh brown, each feather dufky in the middle: the under parts yellowifh white, with a dufky tinge on the breaft: tail cuneiform, rather long; the outer tips of the feathers very pale: legs dufky white: the hind claw fufficiently crooked to prove it does not belong to the Lark genus, with which 429 1g. Var. A. DEscRIPTIONs PLaceEe 20. GRASSHOPPER. Ww DEscRIPTION> 21. + SEDGE W. DescripTIONes Wik ROR i ER which it has been reckoned by all authors before Mr. Pex- nant *. This defcription is drawn from a fpecimen in the Leverian Mufeum. It does not feem to be a common bird, as the above is the only one which has come under our infpection. Mr. Pennant fays, that it is a very artful bird, and fkulks in the thickeft part of the hedges, fo as to be forced out from thence with great difficulty. Its note fo like that of a Gra/shopper, as to be miftaken for it. Motacilla falicaria, Zin. Sy/.i. p.330. N° 8. La Fauvette de rofeaux, Brif orm. iil. pe 378. N° 5.—=Dif. off. v. p. 1420—= Pl. enl. 581. 2. — Avis confimilis ftoparole, & magnanine, Raz Sym 81. 6. Salicaria, Id. 81. 11.—Will. orn. p. 217. Leffer Reed Sparrow, Id. p. 144. Sedge Bird, d/din. ili. pl. 60.—Br. Zool. i. N° 155.— Motacilla ea WoA Rk Bk ER. 443 Motacilla Dumetorum, Liz. Sy/?. i. pe 334. N° 31. — Kram. el. p. 377. 41. N° 19.—Georgi Reife, p. 174. BRN omc iy PPER parts of the body cinereous brown: the head blue- Description. ifh: throat and breaft white. eae Inhabits Rufia. Pracg. Motacilla cinnamomea, Liz. Sy. i. p. 335. N° 32. Az j CINNAMON W. ERY like the Red-tail. The upper parts} of the body are Descrirrioy. hoary: the throat black: breaft, belly, and rump, crimfon : the quills black; the four firft red at the bafe, forming in one fex a red fpot in that part: tail black; the four middle feathers obliquely rufous on the fides. Inhabits the ifland of Ceylon. Puacee 43. BLACK-JAWED W. ENGTH feven inches. Bill black, and pale at the bafe: Disceimaroa. plumage above, olive brown; middle of each feather dark- eft: from the bafe of the bill to the eye rufous yellow : throat the fame: on each fide of the jaw a blackith ftreak: breaft ru- fous, dafhed perpendicularly with blackifh: belly white; the fides dafhed with dufky black: wing coverts dark olive brown, with reddith white tips: quills {till darker, with yellowifh edges: tail even, but the feathers pointed at the ends; outer feather white ; the end of the fecond white; the reft brown: legs pale yellow brown. In the collection of Sir Fofeph Banks. PLACEe 9 LENGE » | 448 Wie Aci Ree Boe Es ia. RUSTY- HEADED W. DESCRIPTION. . ENGT H five inches. Bill pale: forehead, throat, and fides of the head, ferruginous ; the two firft paleft: the up- per parts of the body green; the under, yellow; both inclining to olive: tail rounded; the tips of all but the two middle fea- thers nearly white: legs dufky. BES CE Inhabits Kamt/chatka, 45- BUFF-FACED Ww. DESCRIBE RON. ENGTH fix inches. Bill dufky: forehead and chin dufky buff-colour: on the ears a patch of dufky red: upper parts of the body and tail coverts ferruginous brown: under parts reddifh white, mottled acrofs the breaft with dufky: legs pale brown. 4 In the collection of Sir Fo/epb Banks. Native place uncertain. as Rs Motacilla rubicola, Lin. Sy/t.i. p. 332. N° 17. — Scop. ann. i. N° 236. — CHAT. Kram. el. 375. N° 6.—Georgi Reife, p. 174. Le Traquet, Brif. orn, iii. p. 428. N° 25. pl. 23. f. 1, (the male.) — Buf, vif. v. p. 215. pl. 13.—Pl. exl. 678. f. 1.—Salern. p. 224. Tfchecantfchiki, New. Com. Petr. vol. xv. p. 488. t. 25. f. 3. (Lepechin.) Stone-Smith, Stone-chatter, Moor Titling, Raii Syn. p. 76. A. 4. — Will. orn. p. 235. pl. 41.—Albia. i. pl. 52.—Br. Zool. i. N° 159.— Ard. Zool. Lev. Muf. DESC EIE mI On. ENGTH more than four inches and three quarters. The bill black. The male has the upper parts of the body mixed blackith and pale rufous; the feathers margined with the laft, but the head, neck, and throat, are nearly black: on each fide Wi Av eb 1 EO: fide the neck a tranfverfe ftreak of white: the breaft of a reddith yellow: belly paler: vent almoft white: the rump quite white : the outer edges and ends of the two outer tail feathers pale ferru- ginous; the reft black: the quills dufky, with ferruginous mar- gins; thofe next the body marked with a white fpot near the bottoms; and on the wing coverts is another of the fame: the legs are black. The female has the colours much lefs vivid: top of the head like the upper parts, and not black: the fides and throat paleft : the white on the fides of the neck not fo confpicuous, and the breaft and belly much paler: the white fpot on the wings the fame; but that on the rump wholly wanting. This bird inhabits with us dry places, fuch as heaths and com- mons, for the moft part; living on infects of all kinds. It makes its neft early, at the foot of fome low bubh, or under a ftone. ~ The eggs five or fix in number, of a blueith green, fparingly marked with faint rufous fpots. It is fo very crafty as not to betray the place of the neft; never alighting but at fome diftance, and creeping on the ground to it by the greateft ftealth; fo that the neft is only found by the meereft chance. It is a reftlefs bird, inceffantly fying from bufh to bufh. With us it is not migratory *; but is oftener feen in the moifter places in winter, when the food becomes fcarce in the dry. I cannot find it remarked anywhere for its having any fong. * Said to depart from the more northern parts of Frasce in September.— Hift. des oif. Vor. Il. 3 M Buffon 449 FemMaus. PLACE AND Manners. 459 WARBLER Buffon compares its note to the word ouiftrata frequently re-. peated ; but I have ever thought it exactly imitating the click- ing of two ftones together, one being held in each hand. If others have thought the fame, it will eafily account for the reafon of its being called the Stone-Chatter. SYBIL. W. Motacilla fibilla, Liz. Sy. i. p. 337. N° 44. Le Traquet de Madagafcar, Bri/. orz. iii. p. 439. N° 28. pl. 24. f. 4. — Buf. oif. v. p. 23%. Levy. Mu/. DescrirTION. HIS is much allied to the laft, but is a trifle bigger. The head, neck, and upper parts of the body, are black; but the feathers. of the back, and wing coverts, have tawny margins: ‘it has the white fpot on the wings, like the laft, but wants that of the rump; and the tail feathers are all black: the under parts are white, which goes backwards on each fide at the lower part of the neck, like a half-collar: the breaft is rufous. At firft fiche it may be taken for the laft fpecies.. Piacs This is found at Madaga/car, where it is called Fitert. It is faid to fing well. v dr Le Traquet du Cap de Bonne Efperance, Buf. oi/. v. p. 233. ar. A. DEscrIFTION. TEN GTH fixinches. Bill black: upper parts of the head, neck, and body, deep greenifh brown: under parts grey, tinged with rufous; and the rump is likewife of this laft colour: wing coverts and quills brown, edged with paler brown: tail a little little forked ; the two middle feathers blackifh brown; the others obliquely brown and fulvous, One like this, brought from the fame place, and appearing as the female, had the whole of the upper parts blackifh brown; the throat white, and the breaft rufous. Both of thefe were fent from the Cape of Good Hope. Motacilla caprata, Liz. Sy. i. p. 235. N° 33> £8. Le Traquet de L’Ifle de Lugon, Bri. ora. iii. p. 442. N° 30. pl. 24. £. 2. 3. LUZONIAN W. Buf. vif. v. p. 229.—Pl, enl. 235. f. 1. 2- : IZE of the Stone-Chatter. Bill dufky: the whole bird is Description. blackifh brown, except the lefler wing coverts neareft the body, and the vent, which are white; and in fome birds the rump is alfo white: legs black brown. The female is brown above; beneath, rufous brown: throat FrEMALg. whitifh: rump and upper tail coverts pale rufous; the under, dirty rufous white: tail brown. ' Inhabits the [le of Luzonia, where it is called Maria-capra. PLacty In fome Chinefe drawings I met with a bird fimilar to this Stone- Chat. The head, neck, and upper parts, were blue black: the under, reddifh white: greater wing coverts tipped with white, forming an irregular white bar: bill and legs pale red. Motacilla fulicata, Lin. Sy. i. pe 336. N° 39. 49 Le Traquet des Philippines, Bri/. orz. iii. p. 444. N° 31. pl. 23. f. 2, — SOOTY W. Buf. orf. v. p. 230.—Pl. enl. 185. f. 1. Siz E of the laft, but has a longer tail: the length is fix inches Description. and a quarter. The general colour more of lefg of a violet 3Ma black : PLACE. 50. SPECTACLE W. DescRIPTION. PLACE. Ie CORONANDEL W. DEscRIPTIONo Wi PAOOR OB ue Bios black: the under tail coverts pale chefnut: on the wing coverts is a long white mark: bill and legs brown. This is met with in the Philippine Ilands. Buffon does not mention the colour of the under tail coverts. They do not differ from the reft of the plumage in the Planches Enluminées. Le Clignot, ou Traquet alunette, Buf. off. v. p. 234. HIS is the fize of a Goldfinch, and of a fine black colour, except the wing coverts, on which is a fpot of white. In fome birds the under tail coverts are alfo white ; but what cha- racterizes the bird is a naked yellowifh wrinkled fkin *, which encircles the eye all round, giving the appearance of wearing /pec- tacles: the irides are yellow, and the pupil blue: the tail is even at the end, and when {pread, forms an almoft equilateral triangle in fhape f. ; Inhabits the neighbourhood of the river Plata, in South Ame- rica; efpecially about Montevideo. Le petit Traquet des Indes, Son. Voy. Ind. vol. ii. p. 207. IZE of our Titmoufe. Bill black: irides rufous yellow: head, neck, breait, and leffer wing coverts, black; on each * This is faid much to refemble the yellow /ichen which is found on the tiles of houfes. + Itis faid to confift of eight feathers only; but furely four were mifling, as all of this genus yet known have twelve. feather WE AR BRORB Ta ME. OR, feather is a yellowifh fpot; the reft of the coverts edged with yellow, and on the middle of them a fpot of white: quills and tail black : rump pale rufous: belly the fame, croffed with irre- gular black bands: the legs are black. Inhabits the coaft of Coromandel. ite grand Traquet des Philippines, Bré/- orz. iii. p. 446. N° 32. pl. 22. f. 3. : —Buf. cif. v. p. 230.—Pl. enl. 185. f. 2. Traquet de Manille, Salern. p. 225. EN GT H fix inchesand a quarter. Bill dirty yellow: the head is reddifh white, in fome parts inclining to yellow: the neck of a dirty red: acrofs the breaft a blueifh band: belly and vent reddifh white: back, wings, and tail, violet black: acrofs the middle of the wing coverts is a lone white mark; on the outer edge of the wing, below this, is another; and fome of the greater coverts being edged with white, make a third in the middle of the wing: the outer tail feather edged with rufous white on the outer web. The legs ferruginous. Inhabits the Philippine les. Le grand Traquet, Buf. cif v. p. 232. THI S meafures feven inches and a half in length. The bill is an inch long: the head brown, mixed with darker brown: upper part of the neck and body pale brown: throat whitifh, mixed with brown: breaft brown: wing coverts, and outer edge of the quills, the fame; within, half brown half ru- fous: the tail is alfo of thefe two laft colours, and the two outer feathers 453 PLACE. 52. PHILIPPINE W. DEscRIPFION. PLace. Be DARK W. DescRiIPTioN. 454 DgscripTioNne FEMALEe WARBLER. feathers white on the outer webs: the under part of the body is pale rufous. Native place unknown. Motacilla rubetra, Lin. Sy. i. pe 332+ N° 16.—Faun. Suec. 255.—Scop. aun. ie N° 237.—Brun. N° 277.—Muller, N° 275.—Kram. el. p. 375. N° 5.—Frifch. t. 22. Le grand 'Traquet, ou le Tarier, Bri/: orn. ili. p. 432. N° 26. pl. 24. f. 1—= Buf. oif. v. p. 224.—Pl. enl. 678. £. 2. Whin-Chat, Raii Syn, p. 76. A. 3-—Will, orn. p. 234.—Br. Zool, i. N° 158. Ard, Zool, Br. Muf. Lev. Muf. HIS is a trifle bigger than the Stone-Chatter. The bill black: irides hazel: the upper parts of the head, neck, back, and rump, are blackifh, edged with rufous : from the bill arifes a ftreak of white, which paffles over the eye on each fide, almoft to the hind head: beneath this the cheeks are blackifh: the chin is white: the reft of the under parts rufous white; paleft on the belly, and inclining to reddifh on the breaft: on the wing, near the fhoulder, is a tranfverfe white mark, and another fmaller near the baftard wing, on the outer edge: the tail is white for two-thirds from the bafe, the reft blackifh, except the middle feathers, which are wholly of this laft colour: the legs are black. The female differs in being paler, and the {pots on the wings much lefs perceivable:the white trace over the eye is far lefs confpicuous; and, inftead of black, the fides of the head are of the fame colour as the other parts of it. TOe? This WARBLELE R This is not uncommon in England, and is feen along with the Stone-Chatter on the heaths, during the fummer-months ; where it breeds, making the neft much afters the manner of that bird. It lays five dirty white eges, dotted with black *. It feems not to be fo common as the Stome-Chatter, and in the northern parts of England difappears in winter. I have feen them in Kent throughout the year. This is common alfo on the continent of Europe, in France, Italy, Germany, and the more temperate parts of Rufia +; but it is faid to be lefs: common than the Stone- Chatter. Its food is chiefly infeéts ; and is faid to be as good as the Ortolan, when fat, and in good condition. In the Leverian Mufeum are two {mall varieties ; the firft of the common colour, except the belly, which is much varied with white; the other with a confiderable mixture of pale grey on the upper parts, and the tail feathers tipped with the fame. Le Traquet du Senegal, Buf. oif.v. p. 228.—P/, enl. 583. f. 1. IZE of the laft. Bill black: the upper parts of the head, neck, body, and wings, are deep brown; the edges of the feathers rufous: on the wings are two white fpots, as in the laft fpecies : the under parts are yellowith white, inclining to rufous. on the breaft: the tail is dufky, with pale margins: legs black. Inhabits Senegal. * Salerne fays blue. + Linneus fays as far as Spitzbergen. Motacilla 455 PLACE AND Manners. 55. SULTRY W. DESCRIPTION. PLAcE. 456 56. SIBIRIAN W- DESCRIPTION. PLace. 57. SENEGAL W. DeEscRIPTION. PLACE. 58 LEUCOMELE W. DescriprTion. WeoA RB UL .E R Motacilla montanella, Pall. Trav. ili. p.695. N° 12. Trifle bigger than the Whin-Chat. Crown of the head brown black : over the eyes a yellowith ftreak: chin of the fame colour, though in fome birds both are white: ears black, placed in a bed of grey: back teftaceous, {potted with brown: beneath, the colour of pale yellow oker : the feathers on the throat brown at the bafe: wings brown; the quills edged with grey, and the fecondaries with white : tail longith, of a pale afh-colour; the two middle feathers, and the outer one, fhorter than the others. This comes into Dauria in February, together with the flocks of Hawfinches. Motacilla Senegalenfis, Lin. Sy/. i. p. 333. 22. Le Traquet du Senegal, Brif. ora. iii, p. 441. 29. EN GT H five inches and a quarter. Bill brown: general colour of the plumage the fame: quills rufous, edged with brown: tail black; all but the two middle feathers tipped with white. Inhabits Senegal. One of thefe is in the poffeffion of Ch. Bod- dam, E{q; which, I think, he faid came from the Cape of Good Hope. It is full fix inches in length. Motacilla plefchanka, N. Com. Prir. xiv. p. 503. t. 14. f. 2. (Lepechin.) Motacilla leucomela, N. Com. Petr. xiv. p. 584. t. 22. f. 3. (Pallas.) IZE a trifle bigger than a Redftart : length fix inches two lines. Bill dufky : irides the fame : the forehead, crown, nape, lower Witten Bm FR! yower part of the breaft, the belly, rump, and greateft part of the tail, are white: the other parts black: the tail has the two middle feathers black ; the others white, with a broad band of black at the end: claws black. The female has the upper parts dufky or cinereous brown ; head and neck paleft : beneath inclining to afh-colour: throat, and fore part of the neck, cinereous grey: above the eye a white ftreak : the tail as in the male. This fpecies inhabits the craggy cavernous places about Sara- tow, and other parts of the Volga; where, like the Sand Martin, it makes holes in the banks wherein to place the neft: thefe holes are horizontal, deep, and the neft compofed of dry ftalks, é&c. The young are ten in number. It is a bold bird; comes near the villages, and fits on the ftones and ftumps of trees, twittering almoft like a Swallow. Suppofed to feed on worms and beetles, as the remains of the laft have been found in the ftomach on diffection. Mufcicapa melanoleuca, N. Com. Petr. vol. xix. p. 468. t. 15. (f. Guel- denftaedt.) OT unlike the laft, but the bill a trifle bent at the tip: that and the irides are black : the whole of the back is white ; and the tail feathers all white, except at the tips; about one- third of the ends of the two middle ones are black, from thence the black decreafes as the feathers are more outward : the thighs annulated brown and white. The female is brown and dirty afh-colour, where the male is pure black and white. Vor. II. 3N This 457 FremMALe, PLace AND MANNERS» BLACK_AND- WHITE W. DEscRIPTION» FEMALE> 458 PLACE. 60. MOOR W. DescripTione FEMALE. PLACE,, 60. Var. Ao DescripTion. WoA RB & ER This bird is faid to be migratory, and met with the whole fummer about Teflis and Cyrus, in Georgia. It feeds on infects ;. frequents the banks of rivers, and is met with among the fhrubs. Motacilla maura, Pall. Trav. ii. p..708. N? 17% S I ZE of the Whin-Chat, to which it bears fome refemblance. The head and neck black ; edges of the feathers pale: back,, and bafe of the wings, black, the laft margined with grey: fides. of the neck, and all beneath, white: the throat of a deep fer- ruginous: wings brown; on the coverts an oblique patch of yel- lowifh white: tail even, black: the rump, and bafe half of the tail, white. The female, and young birds, have the head grey, clouded’ with brown: back not unlike that of a Woodcock :. the reft of the body more obfolete. This fpecies inhabits Rufia, and frequents the birch-trees which are here and there fcattered in the woods of Ura/, and in the fields planted with them between the rivers Todo/ and Irti/ch, flying by pairs. Feeds on infects, and makes the neft in the holes in trunks of trees made by the mice, and other fmall quadrupeds. ENGTH fix inches. Bill black: plumage above rufous brown; beneath rufous white: chin and belly white: over each eye a rufous ftreak: edges of the wing coverts rufous: quills black, with pale edges; fecondaries edged with rufous : rump WW AU RU a 6 aE WR. rump white: the bafe half of the tail white ; from thence to the end black, except the two middle feathers, which are wholly black: legs black. A fpecimen of this is in the collection of Sir 7. Banks. It was met with among the ice between Afa and America. ABOVE greenifh : beneath pale-coloured: on the crown of the head a pale ftreak : over the eye a ftripe of yellow. Inhabits Rufia *. BOVE cinereous: beneath whitifh: throat ‘and neck ferru- ginous. Inhabits Ruffia, chiefly about the Zungu/ka river *. Motacilla cyanura, Pall. Trav. ii. p. 709. N° 18. IZE of the Redgbreaft. The upper parts of a cinereous yel- low, tinged with green: rump blueifh: over the eyes, the throat, and under parts, yellowifh white: fides of the breaft near the wings orange: tail even, the feathers rather pointed ; the colour of all of them brown, edged outwardly with pale blue, and, when folded up, appears wholly blue: wings brown: the outer margins of the quills of a greenifh yellow; the inner yellow. * Mr. Pennant. 3N 2 This 459 61. YELLOW- BROWED W. DESCRIPTION. PLACE. 62. GILT- THROAT W. DEscRIPTION. Piace: 63. BLUE-TAILED DeEsCRIPTIONe 460 Puace. 64: DAURIAN W. DescriPTiONn. Piace. 65. BLACK-POLL Ww DescRIPTION. PLACE. WiipAy eR AB aL {RoR This is frequently met with in the woods which grow about the rivulets of the fouthern parts about the Jeni/ei, and from thence throughout the whole of the eaftern part of Siéiria; al- ways at the beginning of winter. Motacilla aurorea, Pall. Trav. ili. p. 695. 15. IZE of the Redftart. Crown of the head, and nape, hoary : forehead whitifh: throat, and fore part of the neck, black : back and wings the fame, marked with a triangular fpot. of white: the under parts of the body deep yellow: tail yellow, except the two middle feathers, which are black. Inhabits the neighbourhood of the river Se/inga, in Sibiria ; frequents the willows. Black-poll Warbler, Ara. Zool. ROWN black: cheeks white: upper part of the plumage: afh-colour, ftreaked with black: coverts and primaries dufky ; the firft marked with two white bars; fecondaries edged with white: tail dufky; at the end of the two outer feathers a white fpot: throat white, ftreaked on each fide with black: breaft and belly dirty white, ftreaked downwards with black : legs whitifh. Found at New York and Newfoundland; at the laft place in the fummer-feafon. Grey- W SARS YL OER. Grey-poll Warbler, 474. Zool. H EAD, fides of the neck, and upper tail coverts, of a fine grey : wing coverts croffed with two white bars: primaries and tail dufky, edged with grey: throat orange: chin and breaft of a fine yellow: belly of a whitifh afh-colour. Inhabits New York. Yellow-fronted Warbler, 4r@. Zool. HE forehead and crown are of a bright yellow: from the bill, through the eye, a black band, bounded on each fide with white: chin, throat, and fore part of the neck, black: breaft and belly white: hind part of the neck, the back, rump, and leffer wing coverts, of a light blueifh grey: greater coverts, and lower order of the leffer, of a bright yellow, forming a large fpot : the primaries and tail are deep afh-colour; the webs of the outer feathers fpotted with white. Found in Penfylvania. Blackburnian Warbler, dr. Zool. ROWN intenfely black, divided by a line of rich yellow: from the corner of the upper mandible another of the fame: through the eye a black one, reaching beyond it, bounded beneath by a narrow yellow line: fides of the neck, throat, and middle of the breaft, yellow: fides {potted with black: vent and thighs white: leffer wing coverts black; the greater white s. primaries, 46% 66. GREY-POLL W.. DescRIPTION. PLAce- 67. YELLOW- FRONTED W. DescriPpTioNn. PLack. 67 * BLACKBUR- NIAN: W. DESCRIPTION. 462 PLACE. 68. HOODED W. DESCRIPTION. 68. Var. Ao DzscRiPrion. PLACE. W WA UR 2B OL AE UR. primaries dufky: the middle tail feathers dufky ; the three outer ones on each fide white. Inhabits New York. Le Mefange a collier de la Caroline, Brif orz. iil. pe 578. 16.—Buf. oif. ve P- 452- Hooded Titmoufe, Carefo. Car. 1. pl. 60. Hooded Warbler, Ar. Zool. IZE of a Goldfinch: length five inches. Bill black: the fore part of the head, and throat, yellow: the hind part of the head black, paffing on each fide to the fore part of the neck, forming a collar: the upper parts of the body are olive green : the under yellow: legs brown. Le Gobe-mouche citrin de la Louifiane, Buf. oi/. iv. p, 538.—PI. exl. 666° fx2) Citrine Flycatcher, Ara. Zool? HE forehead, and from thence round the eyes and cheeks, are of a fine yellow: the reft of the head, the chin, and fore part of the neck, of a velvety black; from thence all the under parts are yellow: the upper parts are of a greenifh grey. The firft of thefe inhabits Carolina, the fecond Louifiana. I am inclined to think them mere varieties, if not different only in fex. Both are moft beautiful birds. That of Caze/by is faid to frequent the fhady places in the uninhabited parts. Motacilla - DAB Ww AR BLE R. Motacilla calliope, Pall. Trav. iii. p. 697. N° 17% Ruby-throat, dra. Zool. SIZE of the Redftart. Plumage above, the colour of a Nightingale : beneath, yellowifh white: throat the colour of vermilion, bounded on each fide by a black and white ftreak, which takes rife at the bill: between the bill and eye black: over the eye a ftreak of white: tail rounded, the colour of the back. : Inhabits the eaft part of Sidiria : firft met with about the river Fenifei. Seen moftly on the tops of the trees. Is an excellent finger, chiefly in the middle of the night. S IZE of a Sparrow. Head and neck black: body and wings moufe-coloured : from the bili, through the eye, paffing down on each fide of the neck, a white ftreak: the belly white, except the middle, which is black: the tail black; the outer feather rather fhorteft, and fringed with white. In the mufeum of Cb. Boddam, \{q; but from whence un- known. S IZE of a Sparrow: length (the appendage of the tail in- cluded) more than fix inches. Bill three quarters of an inch, ftrait, except the very tip; bafe of the under mandible white: the head, and upper part of the body, dufky reddifh brown, mottled with yellow on the crown: between the bill and eye, yellow, paffing in a ftreak over the eye to the hind head, where’ it is rufous: the wing coverts are rufous, mixed with brown, 9 except 463 69. RUBY- THROAT. DeEscRIPTIONe PLace. 70. MURINE W. DEscRIPTION. 716 THORN- TAILED W. Pirate LII. DescRIPTIONe 464 PLACE. 72. MAGELLANIC Ww. DescRIPTION. Piaceze 73¢ CITRINE W. DagscriPTion. PLACE. WAR Be L2 ER: except the fhoulder, which is white: the under parts of the body, from chin to vent, are white alfo: the greater coverts and quills brown, with pale margins: the tail is cuneiform in fhape, and of a vety fingular conftruction; for the end of each feather, for about one-third of its length, is almoft bare of webs, ending in a point; the four middle feathers are ferruginous, the others reddifh brown, with the ends white: the legs are brown, one inch 1n length. Inhabits Terra del Fuego. In the collection of Sir Fofeph Banks. ENGTH four inches anda half. Bill half an inch: vifage fomewhat prolonged: irides reddifh: upper parts of the body yellow brown, waved with black, with a mixture of red, efpecially on the fides over the wings: under parts cinereous yellow, croffed with blackifh: tail cuneiform; yellowifh brown mixed with red, and barred with black lines; it is very fhort, the longeft feather being only one inch: legs three quarters of an inch long, but ftout, and of a yellow colour. Inhabits Terra del Fuego. IZE of a Wren: length three inches and a half. Bill three quarters of an inch long, ftrait, and black: irides very pale blue: plumage above yellow, ftreaked with dufky: fides of the head, beneath the eye, fore part of the neck, and breaft, white : belly, thighs, vent, and rump, yellow: tail fhort, only half an inch long; colour of it black, with the ends of the feathers of a dull yellow: legs one inch long, dufky: claws large. Inhabits Dufky Bay, New Zealand. LENGTH “wARBLER. ENGTH four inches and a half. Bill three quarters of an inch, ftrait, black: irides blueifh afh-colour: upper parts of the body, wings, and tail, of an elegant pale green : forehead, fides of the head, under the eye, and fides of the neck, afh-colour: above the eye a femicircular white mark: the under parts arc very pale afh-colour: thighs and vent greenifh : tail not longer than in the laft fpecies: legs above one inch long, and flefh-coloured: toes and claws rather Ytout. This inhabits Dufky Bay, New Zealand, and is named there E Teetee tee poinom. The three laft from Sir 7. Banks’s drawings. Motacilla cenanthe, Liz. Sy. i. p» 332. N° 15.—Faun. Suec. N° 254.— Faun. Groen. p. 122. 84.—Scop. ann. i. N° 230.—Brun. N° 276.— Maller, p. 33. N° 274.—Kram. el. p. 374. N° 4. Le Cul-blanc, ou Vitrec, ou Motteux, Brif. orm iii. p. 449. N° 33.— Buf. oif. v. p. 237.—Pl. enl. 554. f. 1. 2 Wheat-Ear, Fallow Smich, White Tail, Razi Syx.75. A. 1.—Will. orn. p. 233. pl. 41.—Albin, i. pl. 55. (the male.) vol. iii. pl. 54. (the female.) Br. Zool, i. N° 157.—ArG. Zool. Br. Muf. Leo. Mu. HE length of this bird is five inches and a half. The bill - black: irides hazel: the top of the head, hind part of the neck, and back, are of a blueifh erey : over the eye a ftreak of white; through the eye another of black, which widens into a large patch behind it: the quills are black, with tawny edges: the rump, upper tail coverts, and bafe half of .the tail, white ; the end half black : the under parts of the body yellowith white, Vou. II. 30 , changing 465 74: LONG- LEGGED W. DescriprTion. PLACce. 75° + WHEAT-EAR. DescRiPTion. 466 FEMALE. PLACE AND Manners. Wits Re By La Eu Rew changing to pure white at the vent: the breaft tinged with red : the legs black. The female has the mark over the eyes rather obfcure; and inftead of the black mark under it, a pateh of brown: the tail is not fo deeply marked with white. This bird vifits England annually in the middle of March, and leaves us in September. The females come firft, about a fort- night before the males: they keep coming till the middle of. May. In fome parts of England are in vaft plenty ; and are much efteemed. About Eaffbourn, in Suffex, they are taken in fnares. made of horfe-hair, placed beneath a long turf: being very timid birds, the motion of a cloud, or the appearance of an Hawk, will drive them for fhelter into thefe traps, and fo they. are taken. The numbers annually enfnared in that diftrié alone amount to about 1,840 dozen, which ufually fell at fix pence per dozen *. Quantities of thefe are eaten on the {pot by the neighbouring inhabitants ; others are picked, and fent upto the London poulterers ; and many are potted, being as much efteemed in England as the Ortolan on the continent. Their food is infeéts only, though in rainy furnmers feed much ~ on earth-worms +, whence they are fatteft in fuch feafons {.. This fpecies is met with in moft parts of Europe, even as far as Groenland; and has alfo been fent to England from the Eaft Indies, {pecimens of which I have feen §. * Br. Zool. + Lhave feen them follow the plough for the fake of worms. t Pennant fays, that the reafon why they are fo plenty about Eafbourz is, be- caufe a certain fly abounds in the adjacent hills, which feeds on the Wild Thyme. § See Edwards’s Preface, p. 12> I t WA TRUB GL EVR, It chiefly frequents heaths ; but except in particular fpots, as before mentioned, one only fees here and there a few fcattered pairs. The neft is ufually placed under fhelter of fome turf, clod, ftone, or the like, always on the ground, and not unfre- quently in fome deferted rabbit-burrow. It is compofed of dry grafs or mofs, mixed with wool, fur of the rabbit, &c. or lined with hair and feathers. The eggs are from five to eight in number, of a light blue, with a deeper blue circle at the large end *. The young are hatched the middle of May. ~ Motacilla cenanthe, Lin. Sy/. i. p. 332. N° 15.8. Le Cul-blanc gris, Brif. orn. iii. p. 452. N° 34. pl. 21. ¥. 2.—Buf otf. ve JP Sere Grey Wheat-Ear, Br. Zool, App. + HIS variety differs in having a mixture of whitifh and ful- vous on the upper parts, and very {mall grey fpots on the lower part of the neck: and the two middle tail feathers wholly black ; the others as in the common Wheat-Ear, and fringed with pale rufous: bill and legs brown. * Hift, des oif. + In Mr. Pennant’s bird, which was fhot near Uxbridge, the upper parts were tawny: fore part of the neck dull brownith yellow: from the bill to the eye an obfcure dufky line: quills and fecondaries black, edged with tawny and white : tail like the common Wheat-Ear, with pale tawny edges, 3.02 Le 467 Sie Var. A. DeEscriPTION. 468 RV GA; (RUB Ly EVR: 75. Le Cul-blane cendré, Brif. orn. iii. p. 454. N° 3. ple 21. f. 3.——-Buf. oi/. ve Var. Be P- 245. Description. FN this the forehead is white: the upper parts of the body afh-coloured, irregularly mixed with grey brown: the rump of this laft colour. Otherwife it is not unlike the firft-defcribed. 75° Var. C. DescriPTION. COPOLT obferves a further variety, found about Dwiza, which is white aboves throat, wings, and almoft the whole of the two middle tail feathers, black; and two fpots of black on the other feathers of it. 76. Motacilla ftapazina, Lin, Sy/t.i. p. 231. N° 14. RUSSET W.E. Le Cul-blanc roux, Bri/. orz. iii. p. 459. N° 37.—Buf. cif. v. p. 246. Oenanthe altera, Razi Syn. 76. N° 2.—Will. orn. p. 233. Red or Ruffet-coloured Wheat-Ear, Edav. pl. 31. Stapazino, 4ré. Zool. Lev. Muf. DESCRIPTION, IZE of the others. The male has the head, neck, back, and breaft, of a dirty faint orange; deeper on the back, and fainter on the breaft : acrofs the lower part of the back is a cref- cent of black fpots: the chin, cheeks, and throat, black: rump, lower belly, and upper tail coverts, white: wings light brown: the two middle tail feathers are black; the reft white, with a narrow border of black: bill and legs black. FEMALee The female is like the male, except that the black mark is round and behind the eyes only, and not under the throat, which is white. Thefe WARBLE R. Thefe are found at Gibraltar; and are likewife met with in Italy about Bologna, but not common. Le Cul-blanc rouffatre, Bri/- orz. iii. p. 457. pl. 25. f. 4.—Buf. oi. v. 245. Strapazino, Razi Syn. 81. N° 13.—Will. orn. p. 233. H1S, fays Willughby, has the “ rump underneath, and al- “© moft the whole tail likewife, white: the head and back ‘* of a rufty yellow: the wing feathers half black and half yel-— ** low: the bill indifferently long, of a dufky colour: the throat, © breaft, and belly, are white, lightly dafhed with yellow: the €¢ tail towards the rump is yellow, elfe black.” This was found near Ni/mes, and about Bologna. It is thought by Linnzus a variety of the laft, in which fenti- ment I will join him: and indeed, to fay the truth, I believe the whole of the above-mentioned Wheat-Ears, are mere accidental varieties, from age, fex, or accident. f ; Le Motteux du Senegal, Buf. o:/: v. p. 249 Cul-blanc du Senegal, P/. ex/. 583. 2. IGGER than the common Wheat-Ear: length feven inches. Bill black: upper parts rufous brown: wing co- verts brown, edged with rufous: quills the fame: the under patts of the body are yellowifh white, inclining to reddifh on the breaft: the rump, upper and under tail coverts, and bafe of the tail, white ; the reit the fame as the quills: legs black. Inhabits Senegal. Le 469 PLace. 6. Van. Ao DeEscRIPTIONe PLAc&. RUFOUS W. E. DescripTion. PLace, 479 78. CAPE W. E. DEsSCRIPTIONe PLACE. 79+ ORANGE- BREASTED W. E. DescRIPTION. PLACE WarE Ss © BR Le grand Motteux, ou Cul-blanc du Cap de Bonne Efperance, Buf. oi/. v, p. 248. f ! Lev. Muf. IGGER than our fpecies: length eight inches. Bill ten lines long : top of the head, and the breatft, irregularly mark- ed with a paler and darker brown: the reft of the upper parts to the rump fulvous brown: on the rump a pale fulvous band: throat dirty white, tinged with brown: upper part of the belly, and fides, fulvous: the lower belly dirty white: under tail co- verts yellowifh ; the upper white: the bafe half of the tail white, the reft black; the tip dirty white, except the two middle fea- thers, which are black, with fulvous tips: wings brown, the edges fringed with yellowith. Found at the Cape of Good Hope. Le Motteux, ou Cul-blanc, brun verdatre, Buf. oi/. v. p. 248. GMALLER than the laft: length fix inches. Upper parts black-brown, and greenifh-brown, mixed: leffer wing co- verts the fame ; the greater white: the throat dirty white: fore part of the neck the fame, mixed with black: breaft orange, paleft towards the belly: upper and under tail coverts white : tail feathers brown; all but the two middle ones have the ends white. Inhabits the Cape of Good Hope, with the laft. Ce) SIZE WA re 2 Por IZE of the Wheat-Ear: length fix inches. Bill black: head black, uniting on each fide the neck with a deep crefcent of the fame: over the eye a white ftreak: forehead and chin white: the back and wings ruffet brown: the rump and belly swhite: tail white, except the whole of the two middle feathers, and ends of all the reft, which are black. In the collection of Charles Boddam, Efq; from the Cape of Gaod Hope, where it is called Schaap Wagter. I have alfo met with it in Chinefe drawings, feeming to prove it to be a native of China likewife. Le Fiftde Provence, Buf: oi/. v. p. 194.—Pl. en. 654. 1 IZ E of the Field Lark: length feven inches. Bill three quar-- ters of an inch long, and dufky : top of the head, and hind part of the neck, pale rufous brown; the feathers margined at the ends. with blackifh: upper part of the back rufous: leffer wing coverts black, margined with rufous, and the quills the fame, but fome of the outer ones are margined with rufous white, efpecially near the ends: under the eyes. a yellowifh white fpot: the under parts of the body are reddifh white, marked with fimall blackith fpots about the neck and breaft: the tail is a. little forked in fhape;. the feathers dufky black; the two middle ones margined with rufous, the four next on each fide with white, and the two outermoft wholly white: the legs are yellowih; the hind toe pretty long, but the claw of it not exceeding the others in length.,. This: 474 80; BLACK- HOODED W.E. DeEscRIPTION» Praczo- 81. PROVENCE W. E. DESCRIPTION 472 Pracz ann MAannenrse 82. SPOTTED W. E. DescriPrion. Puacs. $3. WHITE- CROWNED W. DEscriPTION. PLACE. WARBLER This is found in Provence in France, where it is called Fif, from its making a cry like that word: when difturbed, inftead of flying away, it fquats beneath fome itone or other thelter till all is quiet. La Pivote Ortolane, Buf. off ve p. 195.—Pl. eal. 654. 2. IZE of the laft, and not much unlike it. The whole of the upper furface brown, fpotted with dufky black: rump, and upper tail coverts, plain brown: wing coverts and quills black, margined with dufky white; the prime quills black; round the eyes yellowifh white: under parts dufky white, fpotted with black on the neck and breaft, and dafhed with the fame on the fides: the tail is white at the bafe; the reft black above, and dufky beneath; the two outer feathers white on the outer webs, and tips of both webs: legs as in the laft fpecies, and the hind toe as long. Inhabits Provence with the laft, where they are both called Beefigues. This laft accompanies the Orto/an, and is frequently taken with that bird. ENGTH feven inches. Bill black: plumage the fame on all the upper parts; the under dufky white: chin pure white: on the crown of the head a white fpot, and behind the eye another : legs black. Inhabits China. Le W AR BL E R. Le Grifin de Cayenne, Buf. off. iii. p. 408.—PL. enl. 643. f. 1. 2. IZE of the Pettichaps: length four inches and ahalf. Bill black ; the crown of the head is dufky black : throat, fore part of the neck, and breaft, black: through the eye a white ftreak: upper parts of the body, wings, and tail, cinereous grey ; the feathers of the firft bordered with grey, and the laft tipped with white: belly, thighs, and vent, white: legs cine- reous. The female has the upper parts more afh-coloured than the ‘male, and the black parts not fo deep. Inhabits Cayenne. Pink-coloured Warbler, Brown’s I/l. p. 84. pl. 330 IZE of the Willow Wren. Bill reddifh : general colour of the plumage a pale pink : wings and tail inclined to dufky : legs red. “s Inhabits Ceyloz. Olive-coloured Warbler, Brown's Ill. p. 33. pl. 14. IZE of an Hedge Sparrow. Bill whitith, befet with pale yellow feathers : the head, upper parts of the body, wings, and tail, olive: breaft and belly white. This inhabits Cey/on. It jerks up the tail fo high as to make an acute angle. Wot. Il. yl! Ceylon 473 84. GRISLY W. DESCRIPTION. Fremace. PLaceE. 85. PINK W. Description, PLacz. 86. OLIVE W. DeEscriPTione Piace, 474 WoA CTR UB OL ABR YR, CEYLON W. Ceylon Black-cap, Browz. Ill. ps 36. te 15. DESCRIPTION. PL ENGTH four inches and a half. Bill a trifle bent, and of a blueifh grey colour: crown and nape black: back green: beneath wholly of a light yellow: wings black, croffed. with two bars of white. : Inhabits Ceylon. PLACE. 88. : CINGALESE W. Green Warbler, Brown. Ii. p. 82. pl. 32. DEscRIPTION. LENGTH four inches and a half. Bill brown: plumage above changeable green: beneath the neck orange: breaft and belly yellow. Prac. Inhabits Ceylon. 89. CHINA W. Deschignion, LENGTH fix inches. Bill dufky pale red: general co- lour green: from the eye to the nape a pale ftreak : a pale fpot on the ear: under parts of the body flefh-coloured : tail pointed : legs dufky. PLACks| |i Inhabits China. 90. Motacilla tiphia, Lin. Sy/.i. p. 931. N° 13. GREEN Le Figuier de Bengale, Bri/. ors. iii. p. 484. N° 47- INDIAN W. — vert & jaune, Buf. off. v. p. 278. Green Indian Flycatcher, Edw. pl. 79. Br. Muf. Duscripvi0n. S LZE of the Pettichaps. Bill blackifh, but yellow at the bafe = the upper parts of the plumage are olive green, paleft on the fe) rump : Wea Be te ie oR, 475 rump: cheeks and under parts greenifh yellow: leffer wing coverts deep brown; the others the fame, tipped with white, forming two bars on the wing: quills and tail blackifh, with the edges yellow : legs blackith. Inhabits Bengal. Puacee Motacilla maderafpatana, Liz. Syf. i. p. 334. N° 28. Ole Le petit Figuier de Madagafcar, Bri/, orz. ili. p. ye N° 54. pl. 28. f 2. WHEE ErEy Le Cheric, Buf. o:/. v. p. 279» IZE of the Yellow Wren: length fearcely three inches three quarters. The bill is grey brown: round the eyes white: the head, and upper parts, olive green: throat and vent yellow; the parts between whitifh: quills pale brown, margined with olive: two middle tail feathers olive green; the others brown, edged with olive: legs cinereous. Found at Madras, Madaga/car, and the Ile of France. It is Phacke a bold bird, though not often found near the inhabited parts; it flies in flocks, and feeds on infects. At Madagofcar it is called Tcheric ; at the Ile: of France, White-Eyes. DEscRIPTIONe. Le Figuier de L’Ifle de Bourbon, Bri/. orn. iii. p. 510. N° 60: pl. 28. f. 3.— _o2+ PI. ent. 705. N° z. BOURBON W. Le petit Simon, Buf. oi/. v. p. 280. S IZE of the laft. Bill, and upper parts, grey brown: beneath, _ dirty yellowifh grey: quills and tail brown, edged with grey brown: legs of the laft colour. Inhabits the IMands of Madagafcar and Bourbon; at the laft is PLACE AND called Petit Simon, It makes the neft in September, and gene- ana GY de 2p) rally DescRIPTLONe 476 : 93e MAURICE W. DeEsSCRIPTIONe PLace: 94+ MADAGASCAR Ww. DeEscRIPTIONe W, A RB GE Re rally lays three blue eggs. The neft is compofed of dried plants, lined with hair, and generally placed on trees which ftand fingly, as in orchards. Always keeps in flocks; and feeds on infects and tender fruits. Sets up a particular cry when it {pies any thing run along the ground: hence a good criterion for the fportfiman in refpect to game, which might efcape his fight alone. Le Figuier bleu, Buf. oif. v. 282. — de l’Ifle de France, Pl. eal. 705. f. 1. GIZE of the two laft: length three inches three quarters. The bill is blackifh: the upper parts of the body blue grey ; the under white: quills and tail black, edged with white : legs blueifh. Inhabits the Ue of France. Le Figuier bleu de Madagafcar, P/. enl. 705. f. 3. S I ZE of the laft; but four inches and a half in length. The upper parts of a deep blue grey; the under the fame, but paler, changing to white at the vent: the quills blackith, edged with white: the tail above an inch and a half in length, and black, except the two outer feathers, which are white: bill and legs pale lead-colour. This is faid to be the male of the laft ; but whoever will com- pare the defcription, added to the difference of length and mark- ings of tail, if the P/. en. are faithful, muft join with me in the contrary opinion, Le WARBLER. Le Figuier du Sénégal, Buf. cif. v. 282.—Pl. enl. 582. f. te —__—-—— 4 ventre jaune du Sénégal, Pi. enl. 582. f. 3. HE firft of thefe is four inches and a quarter in length. The upper part of the head and body brown: quills dark brown; the feathers edged with rufous brown: the under parts of the body pale yellow: fides of the head almoft white: tail even at the end, and marked as the quills: bill and legs dufky. The other meafures only three inches three quarters, and the colour nearly the fame, except that the under parts have a reddifh tinge. Figuier tacheté du Sénégal, Pi. eal. 582. f. z. ATT 5. CITRON-BEL- LIED W. DescRIPTIONe 96. UNDATED W. ENGTH about four inches. Bill black: upper parts of Description. the head, neck, back, and wing coverts, black, edged with rufous: rump deep rufous: under parts white: quills brown : tail the fame, two inches long, and greatly cuneiform ; both that and the quills edged with rufous white *: legs dufky. Buffon is inclined to think that this may be the male of the citron-bellied one; but furely the length and fhape of the tail entirely forbid the fuppofition. Figuier brun du Sénégal, Pl. en/. 584. f. 1 IZE of the Pettichaps: length fix inches. The bill flender and dufky: the upper parts of the plumage brown; the * The tips are white in the P/, enl under 97- DUSKY W. DeEscRIPTION. 476 98. FLAXEN W. DescriPTION. PLACE. Wr AOR B- L BOR: under grey, with a reddifh tincture on the fides: quills and tail darker thanithe reft; and the laft pretty long, and even at the end: legs yellow. Figuier blond du Sénégal, P/. ex/. 584. f£. 2. — 4 ventre gris du Sénégal, P/. exl. 584. f. 3. IZE much lefs than the laft: length four inches three quar- ters. Bill dufky: the colour much the fame as in that bird, but feems to be paler on the rump: the tail is cuneiform, and not fo long in proportion: fides of the body very lightly tinged with red. In fig. 3. the fize and colour likewife correfponds, but the under parts are grey inftead of white: the tail is likewife cu- neiform, and the under part of it grey: the legs yellow in both. Buffon* thinks that the three laft are the fame fpecies; which I would not venture to deny, were the fize the only difference ; but the /bape of the tails not being the fame, is an infuperable objection, inmy opinion. As to the two laft, I really think them to be fexual differences, or varieties of the fame bird. _Thefe all inhabit Senegal. * Hifi, des otf. Ve Pp» 284. Motacilla W HA UR MB ML AE VR. Motacilla petechia, Zin. Sy. i. p..334. N° 30. Le Figuier 4 téte rouge de Penfilvanie, Brif. orz. ili. p, 488. N° 49.— Buf. oif.v. p. 286. Yellow Redpole, Edw. pl. 256. Red-headed Warbler, 4r&. Zool. IZE of the Black-cap. Bill black: the crown of the head red: the upper parts of the body olive green; the under, bright yellow, {potted with red on the breaft and belly: wings and tail dufky, edged with yellow: legs dufky. The female differs in being paler in colour. Thefe are migratory birds, but folitary. Arrive in Penfylvania in March, but do not build there. Frequent fhrubs: feldom perch on tall trees: and feed on infects. Le Figuier de St. Domingue, Bri/. orn. iii. p. 494. N° of pl. 26. f. 5. Figuier a gorge- -blanche, Buf. 0if. Ve P. 287.» IZE of the Peftichaps, and almoft five inches in length. Bill horn-colour: the upper parts of the body are olive green: fides of the head, and all beneath, pale yellow; but the fore part of the neck and breaft are dirty yellowifh white, marked with longitudinal reddifh fpots: quills and tail brown, edged with greenifh yellow: the fide tail feathers are yellowith on the inner webs: legs grey brown. The female is of a ereenifh ath- Scétbi inftead of olive,.on the hind part of the neck. Inhabits. Sang Domingo. oJ 479: 99» RED-HEADED: W. DESCRIPTION. FEMALE, PLacg. 100. ST. DOMINGO: » DESCRIPTION». FEMALE; Prac. 480 LOT. LOUISLANE W. DescRIFTIONe FEMALE. Prace. 102. GREEN AND WHITE W. DEscCRIPTIONs FEMALE. PLACE. W OCA RR oB AL tE OR. Le Figuier de la Louifiane, Brit orasiii. p, 500. N° 55. pl. 26. f 4, Figuier a gorge jaune, Buf. cif. v. p. 288. Louifiane Warbler, 4-4. Zool. IZ E_not much bigger than a Wren: length four inches and a quarter. Bill brown; beneath grey: the upper parts of the plumage olive green: the fore part of the neck and breaft fine yellow; the laft {potted with red: reft of the under parts yellowifh white: acrofs the wing two bands of white: quills blackifh brown, edged with blue grey ; the inner webs white: the two outfide tail feathers are white within at the tips, and the third has a round white fpot at the fame place: legs cine- reous. The female wants the red fpots on the breaft. Found in Louifiana and at St. Domingo. Le petit Figuier de St. Domingue, Bri/- orz. ili. p. 496. N° 53. pl. 26. f.2. Le Figuier vert & blanc, Buf. cif. v. p. 2896 LESS than the Pertichaps: length four inches and a half. Bill horn-colour: the head and upper part are cinereous, mixed with olive: upper parts of the body olive green; the un- der yellowith white: greater wing coverts and quills brown, — edged with yellowifh green: tail a trifle forked, of a deep olive; the inner webs of all but the two middle feathers marked with yellow, which is largeft as the feathers are more outward: legs grey brown. , The female differs only in being paler in colour. Inhabits St. Domingo. WwWaAR BLE R. Le grand Figuier de Canada, Bri/- orn, iii, p. 508. N° go. pl. 26. f. r. Le Figuier a gorge orangée, Buf. oi/, v. pe 290. Orange-throated Warbler, 4ré#. Zool, IZE of the Black-Cap: length more than five inches. The upper mandible brown; the lower whitifh: the upper parts olive green, inclining to afh-colour on the rump: the throat, fore part of the neck, and breaft, orange: belly pale yellow: vent and thighs almoft white: the greater wing coverts are afh- coloured: quills brown, edged with afh-colour: the two middle tail feathers are of this laft colour; the others black on the out~ fide and tips, and white on the infide: legs grey. The female has the orange on the breaft lefs lively. Inhabits Canada. Le Figuier tacheté de Penfilvanie, Bri/. orn. iii. p. 502. N° 56. Le Figuier a téte cendrée, Buf. oi/. v. p. 291. Yellow-rumped Flycatcher, Edw. pl. 255.— length five inches. Bill brown: plumage on the upper parts pale brown; beneath, varied with blackifh and rufous grey, not unlike a Lark, except the- throat, which is of a plain dull brown; and through the eyes a. ftreak of the fame colour : quills and tail pale brown, Inhabits Famaica. Le Figuier brun de Canada, Brif oru:.iii. p.51g. N° 63. pl. 27. fi 4e Le Figuier tacheté de jaune, Buf. cif. v. p. 293. Spotted Yellow Flycatcher, Edw. pl. 257.— length four inches and a-half. Bill dufky : the feathers on-the upper parts are brown, with olive green margins : behind each eyea large rufous fpot: under parts,. as far as the belly, fides, and rump, yellow, marked with fmall. blackifh fpots on the neck. and breaft: the lower part of the belly, thighs, and under. tail coverts, dirty yellowifh white : acrofs the greater wing coverts a band of white: quills and tail fringed with olive green; the laft a trifle forked, and the two. outer feathers whitifh on the inner webs near the tips: legs. brown. Le. AV ie mo py siley VE: CRs Le Figuier brun de St. Domingue, Brif. orz, iil. p. 513. N° 62. pl. 28. fie is HIS bird is hke the laft, but paler: the under parts are whitifh, and the breaft is fpotted with brown; the white band is likewife wanting on the wing coverts. The firft is faid to inhabit Canada; the other St. Domingo: but as they have both been caught on board a fhip between thefe places, it is probable that they migrate alternately from one to the other. Certhia pinus, Ziz. Sy. i. p.187. N° 16. La Mefange d’Amerique, Brif. orn. ili. p. 576. N° 15. Le Figuier de la Louifiane, id. Supp. p. gg. N° 55. Le Figuier des Sapins, Buf. oi/. v. p. 296. Pine-creeper, Care/o. Car. 1. p. 46.—FEdw. pl. 277.—Ar. Zool. PENGTH almoft four inches and three quarters. Bill brown: the male has the head, hind part of the neck, back, and rump, olive: through the eye a black ftreak: throat, neck, and breaft, yellow: belly and vent white: upper wing coverts brown, marked at the end with a fpot of white, forming two bands on the wings: quills brown: tail a trifle forked; colour brown ; the outer webs of the outer feathers white: legs brown. The female is wholly brown. Found in Carolina in fummer; comes into Penfylvania in April, and departs fouth in autumn. Has the manners of a Creeper, running up and down the decayed trees in fearch of in- gr fects, 483, 106. Var. A. FrmMabe. PLacg. 107. PINE W. DeEscRIPTIONe FEMALE. PLacE AND MANNERS» 484 108, GREEN W. DeEsCREPTION. PLACE. 109. QUEBEC W. DESCRIPTION. Wo AOR SB) OE ARs fects, on which it feeds. Suppofed to breed there, though the neft is not yet clearly known, Is moft frequent among the pize- trees. Le Figuier 4 gorge noire de Penfilvanie, Bri. orn. Supp. p» 104. N° 77- Le Figuier 4 Cravatte noire, Buf. oi/. v. p. 298. Black-throated Green Flycatcher, Edw. pl. 300. Green Warbler, 4r&. Zool. IZE of the Pettichaps. Bill black: plumage on the upper parts olive green: fides of the head and neck bright yellow’: throat and fore part of the neck black: upper part of the breaft yellow: lower part, belly, and vent, white: fides black and white: leffer wing coverts olive; middle and greater ones neareft the body deep afh-colour tipped with white, making two bands. acrofs the wing: outer coverts and quills.afh-colour; the laft edged with white: tail deep afh-colour; the three outer feathers marked with white on the inner web: legs brown. - Inhabits Pen/y/vania, where it comes about the month af April; but fcarcely {tops there, being only on its way to the more northward parts: and returns back in September. Feeds on infects. Motacilla i&erocephala, Lin. Sy/. i. p. 334. N° 25-. Le Figuier 4 téte jaune de Canada, Brif. ora. iii. p. 517. N° 64. pl. 27. f. 2. —Buf. vif. v. p. 299- Le Figuier de Miffiffippi, P/. eal. 731. f. 2- Quebec Warbler, 4rd. Zool, ESS than the Pettichaps: length four inches and a third. Bill dufky: the top of the head yellow: between the bill ; 10 and WARBLE R. and eye a large triangular black {pot beneath the eye a white mark: the hind part of the neck, and all the upper parts, black, edged with yellowifh green: throat and under parts whitifh: acrofs the wing two yellowifh bars: quills and tail dufky, edged with olive green and whitifh: the inner webs of the three outer feathers of a yellowifh white, from the middle to the end: legs dufky. The figure in the P/. eal. wants the black on the fides of the head; and is otherwife much paler in colour. It 1s moft likely a female, or a young bird. This inhabits Cazada and the northern parts of North America, into which it migrates the beginning of Apri]. Frequents low fhrubs, and the under branches of the Red Cedars. Departs in autumn. Motacilla Dominica, Liz. Syf.i. p. 334. N° 26. Le Figuier cendré de St. Domingue, Brif. orn. iii. p. 520. N° 65. pl. 27. 15 Bo : Le Figuier cendré 4 gorge jaune, Buf. oi/. v. p. 300. Mufcicapa 4 Coeruleo cinereo,.fufco & luteo varia, Razz Syn. 186. N° 37 Blue and afh-coloured Mufcicapa, Sloan. Fam. ii. p. 310. N° 44. EN GT H four inches and a half. Bill brown: the upper parts of the bird afh-coloured: throat * and fore part of the neck yellow = from thence to the vent white: between the bill and eye a ftreak of yellow; beneath the eye a large {pot of black ;. * Linnaeus fays the throat is black; but this does not appear by Brifin’s figure. Perhaps the black.on each fide may unite under the chin in fome {pe- cimens, and not in others. , and 485 PLacE AND MANNERSe 110. JAMAICA W. DESCRIPTION»- 486 Puace, Ill. GOLDEN- CROWNED W. DeEscCRIPTION. FEMALE. Place. Wis RB Te mh oR: and behind it a white fpot: fides of the breaft marked with fmail black fpots: wing coverts brown, crofled with two white bands: quills and tail cinereous brown, edged with grey; the two outer feathers have a white fpot on the infide, near the tips: legs brown. This is met with at Famaica and St. Domingo. Motacilla coronata, Liz. Syf. i. p. 333. N°? 21- Le Figuier cendré tacheté de Penfilvanie, Byi/. ora. Supp. p. 110. N? 81. Le Figuier couronné d’Or, Buf. cif. v. p. 312, Golden-crowned Flycatcher, Edw. pl. 298.—Ar. Zool. IZE of the! Pettichaps. Bill dufky: plumage above, cine- reous blue, {potted with black: crown and rump yellow: fides of the head and throat whitifh: through the eyes a black band: fore part of the neck and upper part of the breaft black, mixed with cinereous blue: fides of the breaft yellow, fpotted with black: the reft of the under parts white; but the fides have a few black fpots: wing coverts and quills blackifh; acrofs the firft two white bands; the laft edged with grey: tail the fame, but the inner webs of the three outer feathers marked with a fpot of white: legs blackifh. The female is rufous brown above; wants the black mark through the eyes; and has no black {pots on the breatt, Inhabits Pen/ylvania. Migrates fouth in autumn. Motacilla Wa Ae vid eby le EE. Ks Motacilla Ganadenfis, Bin. Sy. i. p. 334. N° 27: Le Figuier cendré de Canada, Brif. orn. iii. 524. N° 67. pl. 27, fF. 1s Le Figuier 4 ceinture, Buf. oi/. v. p. 303: Belted Warbler, 474. Zool. SIZE of a Black-Cap = length five inches.. Bill black: the plumage on the upper parts of a deep cinereous blue, nearly black :. on the middle of the crown a fpot of yellow: over the eye a white ftreak; round the eyes alfo the fame: acrofs the wing coverts two bands of white: the under parts of the body white ; but the lower part of the neck and breaft fpotted with blackifh ; and acrofs the breaft a yellow band, lefs than a quarter of an inch in breadth: the upper tail coverts of the laft colour :. quills brown, edged with grey: tail a trifle forked, blackith, edged with afh-colour;. the outer feather marked with white within, near the tip: legs brown. The female has the upper. parts. brown ; and the upper tail co- yerts are not yellow... Found in Canada. Motacilla Canadenfis, Lin. Sy/fzi. p. 336. N° 42. Le petit Figuier cendré de Canada, Brif. ora. iii. p, 527. N° 68. pl. 27. f. 6. —PI. eal. 685. f. 2. Le Figuier bleu, Buf. if. v. p. 304. Blue Flycatcher, Edw. pl. 252. Black-throated Warbler, 474. Zool. RAT HER lefs than the laft: length. four inches.and’a half. Bill black: the upper parts are the fame colour as the laft bird; but. the fides of the head, the throat, and fore part of the 7. - neck, 437 112. BELTED W. DescriPTIONs- FEMA LEs- Praczi 113. BLACK- THROATED W, DescriPTi0Ns 438 PLACE. 114. WHITE-POLL DeEscRIPTION. Wea Bk Re neck, are black: the fides are alfo fpotted with the fame: the belly and the under parts whitifh: quills dufky black; on the outfide of the greater quills, near the baftard wing, a white fpot: tail fomewhat forked; the feathers cinereous blue; three of the outer ones are white within, at the bafe and tips; and the two next are whitith within at the tip: legs brown *,. One of thefe was taken at fea, in a calm, eight or ten leagues from St. Domingo; and another was fent Mr. Edwards from Penfylvania ; at which place they arrive in Apri/, make their nefts, and depart to the fouth in autumn. Motacilla varia, Lin. Sy. i. p. 333. N° 23. Le Figuier varié de St. Domingue, Bri/. orn. ili. ps §29- N° 6g. pl. 27. fi 5. —Buf. oif. v. p. 305. Small black and white Bird, Raii Syx. p. 186. N° 36. — Sloan. Fam. ii. p- 309. pl. 265. f. 1. Black and white Creeper, Eda. pl. 300. White-poll Warbler, 4rd. Zool. Br. Muf. IZE of the laft: length four inches and three quartes. Bill dufky: top of the head white; fides of it black, marked with two ftreaks of white: back, rump, and throat, white, marked with large black fpots: breaft and belly white, {potted with black on the breaft and fides: wing coverts black, croffed with two white bands: quills blackifh, edged with grey; and fome of thofe ‘S In the P/. ex/. they are yellow, and the tail appears wholly black. neareft W JA RB ae UR. neareft the body almoft wholly greyifh, or white: tail a trifle forked ; colour blackifh, edged with grey outwardly; all the outer feathes whitifh on the infide: legs greenifh brown; claws yellowith. Found at Pen/ylvania in the fummier feafon throughout ; com- ing in April, and departing in autumn. It is alfo found in Jamaica, St. Domingo, and other parts. About New York it has been met with, among the Maples, the whole fummer; coming about the end of March. Le Figuier de la Martinique, Brif. ora. iii, p. 490. N° 50. pl. 22. f. 4. a téte rouffe, Buf. oi/.v. p. 306. Bloody-fide Warbler, 4r&. Zool, IZE of the Pettichaps: length not quite four inches and a quarter. Bill brown: the crown of the head is rufous: up- per parts of the neck and body olive green: throat, fore part of the neck, and breaft, yellow, marked with longitudinal rufous fpots : belly and vent plain yellow: wing coverts and quills brown, edged with olive green: tail as the quills; but the two outer feathers are yellowifh within : legs grey. Found at Martinico. Is faid to be continually in motion, and to have a trifling fong, but very melodious, Vou. H. ook ~ Motacilla 434 Place. 1156 BLOODY-SIDE W. DescRipriow. PLAcg; 490 116. RED- THROATED W. DeEscRIPFION, FEMALE, PLACE. 117. C/AERULEAN W. DEscRIPTION. Wit UR OB ER: Motacilla Penfylvanica, Lin. Syf.i. p. 333. N° 19. Le Figuier 4 téte jaune de Penfilvanie, Brif. orn. Supp. p. 105. N° is ——— -— 4 poitrine rouge, Buf. oi/. v. p. 308. Red-throated Flycatcher, Edw. pl. 301. SI ZE of the Pettichaps. Bill black: upper parts of the body olive green fpotted with black: crown of the head yellow: hind part of the head black: beneath the eyes a broad band of the fame: fides of the head, and under parts of the body, white : top of the breaft and fides deep red: wing coverts dufky, croffed with two whitifh bars: quills dufky; fome of the. inner ones edged and tipped with olive green: tail dufky; the outer fea- thers fpotted within with white: legs black. The female wants the black at the hind head; the back not fpotted ; and-the fides fearcely marked with red. Thefe are feen in Pen/ylvania in /pring, on their paflage north- ward, where they go to. breed, and pafs the fummer. Their food confifts of infects, {piders, and fuch like. Motacilla Cerulea, Liz. Sy/t. ie ps 337. N° 436 Le Figuier cendre de Penfilvanie, Bri/. orn, Supp. p. 107. N° 79. grisde Fer, Buf. aif. v. p. 309. ; Little Blue-grey Flycatcher, Edw. pl. 302. Cerulean Warbler, 4rG. Zool. : ESS than the Pettichaps. Bill black ; bafe of the under mandible reddifh: head and upper parts of the body blue grey : eyelids white: from the bill to the hind head paffes a ftripe Sih of WA. RB LE oR. of black: under parts white: wings cinereous brown; the quills edged with whitifh within; but the outer edges and tips of fome of the inner ones are whitifh: the tail is longifh; the eight mid- dle feathers cinereous blue, and the outer one of thefe white at the tip; but the two outmoft on each fide are wholly white: legs black. The female has not the black ftreak over the eyes; and the eight middle tail feathers are cinereous brown; the reft as in the male. Thefe are inhabitants of Pen/ylvania, where they arrive early in fpring, and return in autumn. The neft is of a fingular con- ftruétion; and Edwards has given a good figure of it. | It is compofed of fine downy matter, with the outfide of mo/s and liver-wort, and lined with horfe-hair. The form of it is cylindri- cal, placed between the forks of the branches of a tree, and open on the top. Le Figuier 4 téte no’re de Cayenne, P/. eal. 704. f. ¥. r+ HIS is very like the laft, but has the whole of the upper part of the head above the eyes black: the greater quills are wholly black; as are the fix middle tail feathers; the others white. ; This is a mere variety of the laft, and came from Cayenne. Sy 2 Motacilla 49% FEMALE PLAGE AND MANNERS. 1i7e Var. A. DEscRIPTIONe PLACEe 492 118. GOLD WINGED DEscRIPTION. PLACE. 11Q- ORANGE- HEADED W. DeEscrRIPTION, PLACE. WieA R B L-E R. Motacilla chryfoptera, Liz. Sy/t. i. p. 333. N° 20. Le Figuier cendré 4 gorge noire de Penfilvanie, Bri/. orn. Supp. p. 109+ N° 80. Le Figuier aux ailes dorées, Buf. cif. v. p. 311- Golden-winged Flycatcher, Eda. pl. 299.—4r&. Zool. IZE of the laft. Bill black: crown of the head yellow ; fides of it white: through the eyes a black ftreak: the upper parts of the body deep afh-colour: throat and fore part of the neck black: reft of the under parts white: on the wing coverts a fpot of yellow: the outer tail feather has a white fpot on the in- ner web: legs black. Found in Penfylvania in April, going northward to breed ; and returns back fouthward in autumn. Le Figuier Orangé, Buf. oif. v. p. 313. -—etranger, Pl. enl. 58. f. 3. ILL black: top and fides of the head, fore part and fides of the neck, fine orange: over the eye a brown band; beneath the eye a fecond, but paler: the upper parts of the body and quills reddifh brown: wing coverts black and white: breaft and belly pale yellow: tail black, edged with pale yellow: legs yellow. From Guiana, TI have only heard of this fingle fpecimen. Le WARBLE R. Le Figuier huppé de Cayenne, Pi. en. 391. f. 1.—Buf. cif. v. p. 314. ENGTH four inches. Bill dufky brown: upper parts of the body brownifh green; the under, greenifh grey: the feathers of the whole top of the head long enough to form a creft, which is of a blackifh brown, edged with white, and may be ereéted at pleafure: legs yellowifh brown. Found at Guiana, where it may be met with throughout the year. It frequents the open parts, and feeds on infects. Le Figuier noir, Buf. cif. v. p. 314. —— --——_- -——. & jaune de Cayenne, P/. enl. 391. f. 26, EN GT H five inches. Bill brown: the whole head, throat, and upper parts of the body and wings, are black, except the tips of the larger coverts, which are deep rufous, and form a band on the wing: fides of the neck and breatt of this laft co- lour ; but the middle of the breaft, belly; and vent, are white: tail half deep rufous; the end half black: legs brown. This is met with at Cayenne, but is rare. Le Figuier olive de Cayenne, P/. ex/. 685. f. 1.—Buft oif. v. p. 315- FiIS is a trifle lefs than the laft. Bill black: the upper parts of the plumage greenifh brown; the under parts yel- lowifh white: throat and breaft pale yellow: quills and tail dufky brown: legs brown. Inhabits 493 120. CRESTED W. DEscRIPTION. PLAcE. 121. RUFOUS AND BLACK W. DescRIPTION. Puace. 122. EQUATORIAL wW. DescriPrTion, 494. WAR BL E Ra PLACE. Inhabits Cayenne with the laft, where it is met with at all fea- fons of the year. PROTHONO- ; Le Figuier protonotaire, Buf. oi/. v. p. 316. TARY W. ———-— a ventre & téte jaunes, P/. el. 704. f. 2. Prothonotary Warbler, Ar4. Zool. Descriprion. IZE of the laft; but the bill is longer, and the tail fhorter ; the firft is dufky : the head, neck, breaft, and belly, of a fine jonquil yellow: the back the fame, with a caft of olive: rump afh-colour: vent white: quills and tail blackifh and afh-co- loured*: legs black. PLACEe This inhabits Louzfana, where it has obtained the name of Protonotaire. 124. Le Figuier 4 demi-collier, Buf. oi/v. p. 316. HALF-COLLAR Half-collar Warbler, Ara. Zool. DESCRIPTIONe LE NGTH four inches and a half. Bill blackith above, and whitifh beneath: top of the head yellowith olive: be- hind the eyes a cinereous ftripe: wing coverts brown, bordered with yellow: greater quills brown, bordered with whitifh, and the fecondaries the fame, but bordered with olive, and tipped with white: the-under parts of the body pale afh-colour, inclin- ing to yellow on the belly: a yellowith bar, or rather half-collar, on the lower part of the neck: tail feathers pointed at the ends, * So Buffon fays.—In the Pé. ex/. the tail feathers feem white, margined with black. and Wr At ROBY Ll En Re and afh-coloured ; the two middle ones plain; the four others *, en each fide, white within: legs blackifh. Inhabits Loudfiane. Le Figuier 4 gorge jaune, Buf. otf. v. p. 317: Orange-bellied Warbler, Ara. Zool. ILL brown, paleft beneath: head and upper parts olive brown: the under, as far as the breaft, yellow; the laft inclining to brown ; the reft of the under parts rufous, inclining to yellow at the vent: under wing coverts yellow, mixed with brown: the quills brown; the fecondaries edged with olive, and the greater with pale grey, growing paler the more outwardly, and on the outer quill quite white : tail feathers brown, edged with olive: legs yellowifh brown. Inhabits Louifana. Le Figuier brun-olive, Buf. of. v. ps 318. Olive-brown Warbler, Ard. Zool, HE bill of this fpecies as the laft: upper parts of the plu- mage olive brown: throat, fore part of the neck, and fides, whitifh, varied with grey: belly yellowifh white: under tail co- verts yellow: wings brown; the coverts and fecondaries bor- dered with paler brown, the tips whitifh; the greater bordered * This makes but ten in all. He fays, ‘* toutes dix font [pointues par le bout.”—I know of none of this genus that has fewer then twelve. 5 with 495 PLace. 1256 ORANGE- BELLIED W. DescrRIPTION. PLACHo 126. OLIVE-BROWN W. DESCRIPTION. 496 Pracs. 127. GRASSET W. DEsCRIPTIONe Puacs. 328. GREY- THROATED W. DescrRiPTION. Pracee Wap Re Bo Le En Re with pale grey: tail brown, bordered with grey ; the two middle feathers tinged with yellow; the two outer ones fpotted with white within, near the tip; and the outer one of all bordered with white: legs brown. Inhabits Leuifiana. Le Figuier Graffet, Buf. oif. v. p. 319.—4r&. Zool. ILL black: the upper parts of the body greyifh olive: on the head a fpot of yellow: on the body fome dafhes of black: the rump is yellow: throat and fore part of the neck pale rufous, with a mixture of afh-colour: reft of the under parts whitifh : greater quills brown, edged with grey without, and whitifh within; fecondaries blackifh, edged and. tipped with grey: tail black, edged with grey; the four outer feathers have a white fpot on the inner webs, near the tip: legs black. Inhabits Louifiana. ‘Le Figuier cendré a gorge cendrée, Buf. oif. v. p- 319+ Grey-throated Warbler, dr&. Zool. B ILL black; beneath grey: the general colour of the plu- mage cinereous, but the head and upper parts much deeper than the reft: the quills have whitith edges: the tail black; the outer feathers almoft wholly white ; the next the fame on the end half; the third only tipped with white. Both the laft are called Grafet in Louifiana, on account of their being extremely fat. They Ws A; Ry Br G; BE R; They frequent the Zusip-trees and Magnolias; particularly the laft. Motacilla calidris, Zin. Sf. i. p.329. Ne 2. Le Grand Figuier de la Jamaique, Bri/. orn. Suppl. p. 101.—Buf. oif. v. pe 320. Watchy Picket, Spanifh Nightingale, or American Hang-neft, Sloan. Fam. ii. Pp- 299 ?-—Raii Syn. p. 184. N° 27? American Nightingale, Edw. pl. 121. f..2- S I Z E of the Red-breaft. Bill ftout, blackifh ; the under man- dible flefh-colour: the upper parts of the bird are greenifh brown, paleft on the rump and ends of fome of the tail feathers ; all but the two middle ones of which are rufous within: the fides of the head and under parts of the body dirty orange: through each eye a dufky line, and a fecond beneath the eye, pointing downards: the wing coverts have yellowith edges, and moft of the quills are rufous on the inner webs: legs blackifh. Inhabits Jamaica. Edwards is inclined to think that thts bird is the Watchy Picket of Sloane, above-named. If fo, it is faid to make a curious pen- file neft, compofed.chiefly of Old Man’s Beard *. . Le Demi-fin noir & roux, Buf: oif'v. p. 3282 IZE of a Linnet:. length five inches and two thirds. The bill blackifh, rather lender: irides-chefnut: the upper part * See Hang-nef? Oriole, vol. i. p. 437 of this Work. Vot, Il. 8} S of 497. 129. HANG-NEST W. DeEscriPTion.. Pace. 130. WHITE- CHINNED w. Description, 498 PLACE. 131. PALM W. DESCRIPTIONe PLACE. r 1326 BANANA W. DescriPTION. WAR BLE R. of the head and body, wings and tail, a full black: throat, fore part of the neck, and fides of the body, ferruginous: between the bill and eyes white: the chin, middle of the belly, and the outer tail feathers, are alfo white: hind claw large. Inhabits Buenos Ayres. Le Bimbelé, ou la Faufle Linette, Buf. oi/. v. p. 330. ENGTH five inches. Bill fharp-pointed: irides pale brown: the plumage on the upper parts is brown, deepeft on the head: rump and upper tail coverts olive green: wings and tail brown, with paler edges; the two outer feathers have a band of white on the inner web, near the tip: the under parts of the body are dirty yellowifh white as far as the belly; from thence pale yellow. Inhabits St. Domingo. Lives both on feeds and fruits; keeps among the palm-trees, in which it makes the nett. Lays two or three eggs only. The fong confifts of four or five notes only, neither varied nor ftriking, though not unpleafant, being foft and mellow. The negroes call this bird Bimbelé. Le Bananifte, Buf. if. v. Pp. 3326 EN GT H three inches and three quarters. Bill black, pointed, of a middle fize, and a trifle bent: the upper parts of the bird are of a deep grey, almoft black; approaching to 10 brown Wo (2 Rome Ob PE LR. brown on the wing coverts and tail; the laft tipped with white, and on the firft a white fpot: the fhoulders of the wings are yellow: juft over the eyes a ftreak of white; and a black one from the bafe of the bill quite to the hind head: the throat is ereyith afh-colour: breaft, belly, and rump, pale yellow: fides, thighs, and vent, pale yellow and grey mixed: legs flate- colour. This inhabits St. Domingo. Makes the neft on the withs which entwine among the trees; and is often feen on the dananas, on which it is fuppofed to feed, as well as on oranges, papaws, and other fruits; though it is faid to eat feeds and infects likewife. Found often among the bufhes in the untilled grounds: flies by jerks, but quick, making a little note at that time. The fong is little varied, and not remarkable. It is known in its. native place by the name of Bananifte.. Le Figuier de Penfylvanie, Bri/. orn. vi. Suppl. p. 102. 76. Le Demi-fin mangeur de-vers, Buf. of. v. p. 325. Worm-eater, Edw. pl. 305.—Ard. Zool. IZE of a Hedge Sparrow. Bill dufky ; beneath flefh- coloured: from the corner of the mouth, through the eye, a narrow black line; juft above the eye a yellowifh line; above that an arch of black : remainder of the head, throat, and breaft, reddifh yellow, gradually growing white towards the tail: the whole upper fide, wings, and tail, dark olive green : inner coverts of the wings,.and under the tail, afh-colour : legs flefh-colour. This inhabits Penfylvania, where it is migratory, coming in 3 S 2 Fuly, 499 PLACE ano Manners. 133- WORM-EATER.. Descriprion., Puacek. 500 1346 SIMPLE W. DescriPTioNne PLACE. I 35° GREAT- TAILED W. ‘DESCRIPTION PLACE: WAR BS Lf OR: July, and going northward; but is not feen there in autumn on its return. Motacilla campeftris, Liz. Sy. i. p. 329. N°s. Fauvette de Haye dela Jamaique, Brif. orm. Suppl. p. 100. L’Habit-uni, Buf. of. v. p. 336. American Hedge Sparrow, Edw. pl. 122. f. 1. IZ E of the Hedge Sparrow, but the bill ftouter, and black. The head and neck are greenifh afh-colour: the upper parts of the body, wings, and tail, rufous brown: the under parts of the body are brownifh white: legs brown. Inhabits Jamaica. La petite Fauvette tachetée du Cap de Bonne Efperance, Buf. oi/. v. p. 161. —PI, enl. 752. f. 2. ESS than the Babbling Warbler: length fix inches. Bill brown: all the upper parts of the body brown; the under yellowifh white, dafhed with blackifh on the breaft and fides, and fome minute ones on the throat and chin: from the noftrils a white line paffing above the eye: the tail is cuneiform, and oc- cupies above one half of the length of the bird: the legs are reddith. Inhabits the Cape of Good Hope. 0) Vir Dye Ay in) WARUB LE R. Le petit Figuier 4 longue queue de la Chine, Sox. Voy. Ind. vol. ii. p. 206. HE top of the head is pale rufous: hind part of the neck, back, rump, wing coverts, and tail, pale olive green: quills olive brown: the tail is long and flender, compofed of very narrow feathers; the two middle ones as long as the body. This inhabits China, is frequent among the trees with which the Chinefe adorn the courts about their houfes, and is very tame. It has an agreeable note. Motacilla cyanea, Ellis’s Narr. p. 22. Lev. Mu. 'T\ HE length of this beautiful fpecies is five inches and a half. 501 136. LONG-TAILED W. DESCRIPTION» PLACE. 137. SUPERB W. Pr. LIT. Descrierion. The bill black: the feathers of the head are long, and ftand ~ ere like a full creft; from the forehead to the crown they are of a bright blue ; from thence to the nape black like velvet: through the eyes from the bill a line of black: beneath the eye fprings a tuft of the fame blue feathers ; beneath thefe, and on the chin, it is of a deep blue, almoft black, and feeling like velvet : on the ears is another patch of blue, and acrofs the back part of the head a band of the fame* ; the whole giving the head a greater appearance of bulk than is natural: the hind part of the neck, and upper parts of the body and tail, deep blue black ; the under pure white: wings dufky ; fhafts of the quills chefnut: the tail * In fome fpecimens, the patches of blue under the eye, and on the ear, unite together, and join with the band at the nape, as in the oppofite plate. 3 two 502 W, A. RB LE Re two inches and a quarter long, and cuneiform; the two outer feathers very fhort: legs dufky brown: claws black. PLace. Inhabits Yan Diemen’s Land, the moft fouthern part of New Holland. In Sir Fofeph Banks’s collection are fome of thefe birds; one of which differed from the above: the fhafts of the quills blackith : the under part of the body dufky: and inftead of the blue tranfverfe line at the back part of the head, was a large triangu- lar patch of the fame, with the point downwards. This dif- tinction, I make no doubt, arifes from fex. ¥ ia Gobe-mouche a téte bleue de L’Ifle de Lugon, Sox. Voy. p. 58. pl. 27. f. 1 ar. A. . DescriPpTION. S! ZE and fhape of the Long-tailed Titmoufe. Bill blackifh: irides pale red: the head, throat, and hind part of the neck, deep blue: the neck, back, breaft, and belly, of a flaty grey: wing coverts brown, appearing as a large fpot: quills and tail black ; the two middle feathers of the laft longer by half than the others: legs blackith. PLACE. Inhabits the ifland of Manilla. 138. Motacilla cayana, Liz. Sy/t. i. p. 336. N° 4o. CAYENNE W- Le Pipit bleu de Cayenne, Bri/. orn. iii. p. 534. N° 72. pl. 27. fo 1.— Buf. oif. Vs Pp» 339-—Pl. ent, 669. f. 2 DEscriPTION. ENGTH four inches three quarters. Bill blackifh: fore- head and fides of it, the fore part of the back, wings, and tail, are all of a fine black; reft of the plumage blue: legs grey. Blue WARBLER. §03 Blue Manakin, Edw. pl. 263. 138. Br. Muff. Var. A. THis differs in having only the throat black: the head Descrrertion. wholly blue: the wings, tail, and body, as in the laft. Le Pitpit bleu de Cayenne, PJ. en]. 669. f. 16 138. Br. Mu/. Var. B. HIS variety is the fame as the others, in the body, wings, DezscrirTi0Ne and tail: but the head is of a plain blue colour. All thefe are found at Guiana. Briffon fuppofes his bird to be PLACE> the Elotototl of Fernandez *. Le as ie Brif. orn, iiis pe 531. N° 70. pl. 28. f. 4.—Bufe oi/. v. BLUE-HEADED 3 i Ww. IZE of the Pettichaps : length four inches three quarters. Bill Description. brown: the head and upper wing coverts are blue: throat blucith grey: the reft of the body, with the greater coverts, bright green: quills brown, edged with green: legs grey. Inhabits Cayenne. PLAcee * This is merely faid to be the fize of a Chafinch, of a white or blue colour, and the tail wholly black, Rafi Syz. p. 170. N° 4. Le 504 WAR BEL E R BLUE-STRIPED Le Pitpit 4 coiffe bleue, Buf. oif iii. p. 344. W. Disdueaton. ILL black: on the top of the head is a longitudinal fpot of blue: the forehead of a deep bright blue, which paffes over each eye quite to the middle of the back: on the breaft begins a ftripe of white, which reaches to the vent, growing broader as it paffes backwards : the reft of the under parts blue : legs black. PLACE: Found at Cayenne with the laft. 1At. Motacilla velia, Liz. Sy/. i. p.'336. N° at. RED-BELLIED Le Pipit bleu de Surinam, Brif. ora. iii. p. 536. N° 73.—Pl. eal. 669. f..3. W. Le Pitpit varié, Buf. cif. ve p. 3416 Rouge gorge, Ferm. Defer. de Surin. ile ps 194? Red-bellied Blue-bird, Edav. pl. 22.—Baner. Guian. p. 182? Dicenieecor IZE of the Pettichaps. Bill lead-colour ; beneath whitifh: the con forehead is blueifh green: rump green gold: the upper parts of the head, neck, and back, are fine black, mixed with blue green: throat violet: fore part of the neck the fame, mixed with brown: the reft of the under parts rufous: greater wing co- verts, quills, and tail, black, edged with blue: legs cine- reous. I fhould think that this bird varies as the laft fpecies. Bri/- fon’s defcription fays, the forehead and rump are both gold- colour : beneath pale blue: bottom of the belly chefnut. That in Bancroft is faid to be blue, except the belly and back parts, which are reddifh, This likewife agrees with the defcrip- tion of Edwards. Fermin’s Ni BROT ABS ee Se Fermin’s bird had the back of a dull brown, inclining to black : breaft and belly fcarlet red paleft in the female. Whe- ther thefe differ in age or fex, or whether they are really the fame bird, does not clearly appear, as the defcriptions of the two laft are too concife to be certain about them. It is faid to be as fine tafted as an Oréolan. Found at Surinam, Guiana, and Cayenne, Motacilla guira, Ein. Syft. i. p. 335. N° 36. Le Pipit verd du Brefil, Brif. orn. iii. p. 533. N° 71- Guira-beraba, Buf. cif. v. p. 342+ Guira guacuberaba, Raji Syz. p. 83. N° 10.—Will. orn. p. 239. pl. 41.— Edw, pl. 351. f. 2. IZE of a Goldfinch. Bill dufky; beneath flefh-coioured ; round the bafe of it black, extending round the eyes, ears, and throat: over the eye a line of yellow, paffing down on each fide the neck: the upper parts of the body, wings, and tail, olive green: the under parts, from throat to breaft, of a fine orange; from thence to the vent yellow, changing into this colour by degrees: the upper tail coverts are of this laft colour, but the rump is fine orange; tips of the quills brown: legs ‘brown. Inhabits Brafi. Vou. Ii. ack Motacilla PLACE, 142. GUIRA W. DescriPTiow. Place. DeEscRIFTION. Place anpb Manwers. WAG AR Be da Rug, Motacilla troglodytes, Liz. Sy. is -p. 3372 N° 46.—Faun, Suec. N° 262.— Scop. ana. i. N° 239.—Kram. el. 378. 20.—Brux. p. 72. N° 284.— Muller, p. 33+ P» 279:-—Georgi Reife, p. 175.—Frifch. t. 24.—Olin. ute pl. in p. 6. Le Roitelet, Brif. orn. iti. p. 425. N° 24.—Pl. en]. 651. N° z. Le Troglodyte, Buf. of. v. p. 352- pl. 1. The Wsen, Raii Syx. p. 80. A. 11.—Will. orn. p. 229: pl. 42.—Albin. i. pl. 53. B.—Br. Zool. i, N° 154.—Ard. Zool. Br. Muf. Lev. Muf. HIS is a very fmall fpecies, in length only three inches three quarters, though I have feen fome which meafured four inches. Bill very flender, and dufky brown: irides hazel: the head, neck, and back, are of a reddifh brown : the laft, as well as the wing coverts and tail, croffed with obfcure blackifh lines: cheeks marked with dirty white mixed with rufous: over each eye a pale reddifh white {treak : the under parts, as far as the breaft, of this laft colour; the reft more inclined to brown, croffed with brown lines: quills barred alternate with reddifh and black : legs pale brown. ‘The neft is of a curious conftruction, in fhape almoft oval, and has only one fmall entrance: it is chiefly compofed of mo/s, well lined within with feathers. In this the female lays from ten to fixteen, or even eighteen eggs, which are almoft white, with reddifh markings at the large end. Builds twice ina year, in April and Fune. The neft is frequently found in fome corner of an outhoufe, ftack of wood, hole in a wall, or fuch like, if near habitations; but, in the woods, often in a bufh near the ground, ftump of a tree, or on the ground itfelf. This WicA RB ae oR This minute bird is found throughout Europe. In England it defies our fevereft winters. In the colder regions is le/s common. To the north it is found both in Sweden and Ruffa ; our laft circumnavigators met with it alfo at 4vonalafbka. The fartheft fouth, Aleppo* in Afa. Its fong is much efteemed, being, though fhort, a pleafing warble, and is much louder than could be expected from the fize of the bird; it continues throughout the year. I have feen this little bird fing unconcerned even during the fall of fhow; it will alfo very late in the evening, though not after dark, like the Nightingale. Generally carries the tail erect. Le Roitelet de Buenos-Ayres, Buf. oi/. v. p. 361.—PY. enl. 730. 2. THIS feems to be of the fame fize with the common, but the tail is a trifle longer: the colours feem more diftiné& than in our bird, and the under parts paler; it wants alfo the ftreak over the eye. This I collect from infpection of the Planches enluminées, for I have not feen the bird. Found in the neighbourhood of the river Plate in South America. Le Troglodyte de la Louifiane, Buf. cif ve p. 361. Le Roitelet de la Louifiane, P/. exl. 730. f. 1. Br. Muf. Lev. Mf. HIS is much larger than the othets, being five inches long. The bill is dufky: the upper parts reddifh brown, €roffed with blackifh lines, as in the common Wren: over the * Ruff Alep. p. 41. 3.7 2 eye 597 143. Var. A. DESCRIPTION. Paces 143< Var. B. DescripTion, 508 PLACE ‘14d. BROWN W. Descriprion, PLACE. 145. GOLD- CRESTED WR, DescriPTion, Wig erie 7 Te eg Re eye a pale ftreak, which reaches a good way on the fide of the neck : cheeks mottled, dufky and whitifh: the under parts are pale rufous yellow, paleft on the throat and fides of the body: legs pale brown. This inhabits Louwifiana, and other parts of North America. IE it be the fame bird that Charlevoix * {peaks of, it is faid to fing very pleafingly. Brown Warbler, Browz. Ill. p. 68. pl. 18. Le Roitelet de Surinam, Ferm. De/c. Surin. vol. il. p. 201 ? ENGTH four inches andahalf. Bill a trifle bent, of a yellowifh brown colour: general colour of the plumage brown 3 paleft on the belly, and marked on the back, wings, and tail, with dufky bars: legs yellow brown. If this be the bird mentioned by Fermin, which I much fufpeét, he fays that it fings very agreeably, infomuch that it is called the Nightingale at Surinam, where it inhabits. Motacilla regulus, Liz. Sy/f. 3. p. 338. N° 48.—Faun. Suec. N° 262.— Scop. ann. i. N° 240.—Kram. el. p. 378. N° 21.—Bruz. N° 285.— Mulver, p. 33, N° 280.—Georgi Reife, p. 175.—Frifch. t. 24.—Olin. pl. inp. 6. Le Poul, ou Souci; Roitelet hupe, Brif. orz. iii. p. 579. N° 17.—Pl. enl. Gite tay ae Le Roitelet, Buf. cif. v. p. 363. pl. 16. f. z. Golden-crowned Wren, Raii Syn. p. 79: A. 9.—Will. orn. p. 227. pl. 42.— Albin. i. pl. 53. A—Edw. pl. 254. 1.—Carefo. Car. App. 36. 37.— Br. Zool. i. N° 153 — Prace. 24. CINEREOUS M, DESCRIPTION. $34 25. TUNEFUL M. DescRIPTioNne PLACE AND MANNERSe MAIN A ED N, L’Organifte, Buf. of. iv. p. 290.—P!. ent. 809. fe t. L’Eveque, Hif?. de la Leuif. vol. iis p. 140. LEN GTH four inches. Bill dufky: forehead yellow: . crown and nape blue: chin, fides of the head below the eyes, and throat, black: upper part of the back, the wings, and tail, dufky black; the laft fhort: lower part of the back and rump, the breaft, belly, vent, and thighs, orange: legs dufky. This 1s indigenous to St. Domingo, where it has gained the name of Organifte from its note, forming the complete octave in the moft agreeable manner, one note fucceffively after another. It is faid not to be uncommon; but not eafy to be fhot, as, like the Creeper, it perpetually fhifts to the oppofite part of the branch from the fpeétator’s eye, fo as to elude his vigilance. It is moft likely the very bird mentioned by Du Pratz, above- quoted ; whofe notes, he fays, are fo varied and fweet, and which warbles fo tenderly, that thofe who have heard it value much lefs the fong of the Nightingale. It is faid to fing for near two hours without fcarce taking breath; and, after a refpite of about the fame time, begins again. Dz Pratz, who himfelf has heard it, fays that it fang perched on an oak, near the houfe he was then in. ~ i GEN 5 [ 535 ] Genus XLIT. TITMOUSE. N° x. Great T. N°? 14. Guiana T. 2, Norway T. 15. Amorous T. 3. Azure T. 16. Penduline T. 4. Crimfon-rumped T. 17. Languedoc T. 5. Crimfon-crowned T. 18. Long-tailed T. 6. Black-breafted T. 19. Cape T. 7. Colemoufe. 20. Bearded T. 8. Marth T. 21. Chinefe T. Var. A. 22. Malabar T. Var. B. 23. Sibirian T. g. Canada T. Var. A. to. Blue T. 24. Hudfon’s Bay T. 11. Toupet T. 25. Great-headed T. 12. Crefted T. 26. New Zealand T. ¥3. Virginian T. 27. Creeping T. ILL ftrait, a little compreffed, ftrong, hard, and fharp- pointed. Noftrils round, and covered with briftles reflected over them. Tongue cut off at the end, and terminated by three or four briftles. Toes divided to their origin; back toe very large, and ftrong. This is the definition of the genus, according to the Genera of Birds ; which is fully fufficient. I do 536 I. te GREAT T. DeEscRIPTION. Dees (0. pO iSn. I do not find that any of this genus murat, either in this cli- mate or any other. The food is general; feeds, fruits, and infects. A few of them greedy after flefh, whether lean-or fat ; but are fondett of the latt. Are reftlefs birds, and by no means timid; fome of them, efpe- cially the firft fpecies, daring to affault birds of three times their own fize; and often attack birds weaker than themfelves, which they kill; or, on finding one already dead, in both cafes pick a hole in the fkull, and eat the brains on the fpot. Are very fruitful, even to a proverb; fome of them laying eighteen or twenty eggs for one hatch. ) Parus Major, Liz. Sy/. i. p. 341. N° 3.—— Scop. ann. i. p» 162. N° 242, — Kram. el. p. 378. 1. — Muller, p. 34. N° 283. —= Georgi He Pp: 175. Olin. uc. p. 28.—Frifch. t. 13. ‘La Groffe Mefange, ou la Charbonniere, Bri/. orn. ili, pe 539. Ne 1.— Buf. oif. Ve p. 392» ple 17-—-Pl, ent. 3. fi 16 Parus Major, feu Fringillago, Rai Syn. p. 73. Act Great Titmoufe, or Ox-eye, Will. orm. p. 240. pl. 43. — Albin. i. pl. 46.— Br. Zool, i. N° 162. pl. 57. f. 1.—Ar&. Zool. Br, Muf. Lev. Muf, HE length of this well-known fpecies is five inches and three quarters, and weighs nearly one ounce. Bill above half an inch, and black: the head and throat are~black: the cheeks white: back and wings olive green: the belly greenith yellow; down the middle of it an irregular ftripe of black, di- viding it into two parts quite to the vent: rump blue grey: quills dufky, edged with grey: the greater coverts tipped with white, Dil stg O <0 -S ak. white, forming a bar on the wing: tail dufky black; the outer feathers white on the outfide, but the others blue grey: legs lead-colour. This bird is found throughout Ewrope, as well as other parts of the old continent. We hear of it from Sweden to the Cape of Good Hope. In this ifland it is a very common bird, frequenting our gardens, except in breeding-time, when it is feen moftly in woods, and builds in hollow trees, laying from eight to twelve _eges, which are white, {potted with ruft-colour, moftly at the large end. The family after hatching keep together till the next fpring, when they feparate in pairs, in order to form a future ge- neration. Said to build twice, and even three times, in a year, if the firft nefts have been taken. What little note it has is not difagreeable, but is too little va- ried to be kept for the purpofe of finging ; nor is the flefh good to eat, being very bitter. It generally lives five years*; but is faid to be fubje& to cramps, and other difeafes. Parusignotus, Brun. orn. Bor. p. 73-, I .L above black; beneath yellow: the throat is yellow: the neck, and all the upper parts of the body, yellow green: the breaft yellow, fpotted with chefnut: belly blue: near the vent yellowifh: tail forked; of the fame colour as the back; the two middle feathers greenifh; the two outer ones white on the outfide: legs black; hind claw three times as long as the others. * Olina. Mayon Wy bo Bruunich 537 Pracz anp Manwers. 2 NORWAY T. DESCRIPTION. 538 PLACE. ho AZURE T, DescriPTion. Prace. CT VE Oo eS ee: Brunnich fappofes it to be a variety of the Greater Titmoufe ; but it has no black on the head. This inhabits Norway. La Groffe Mefange bleue, Brif. ora. iii, p. 548. N° 3.—Buf. oif. v. p. 455. Parus indicus Aldrovandi, Razz Syn. p. 74. N° 7. — Aldrov. av. ii. p. 714, fig. in 715. Parus Dorfo dilute ceruleo inferne albus, &c. N.C. Petr. vol. xiv. p. 498. Nor. t. 13. f. 1. (Lepechin.) Parus Cyanus, N.C. Petr. vol. xiv. p. 588. N° 8. t. 23. f. 3. (Pallas.) Azure Titmoufe, 4r&. Zool. S IZE of the Greater Uitmoufe : length five inches and a half. Bill blackifh blue; the edges dirty white: forehead, crown, cheeks, and all the under parts, white, except an irregular oblong blue mark from the breaft to the middle of the belly, and a blue ftripe from the bill, through the eyes, to the hind head; beneath ~ which is a pale band: the back and rump are pale blue: upper tail coverts deep blue; the ends white: the wings are varied with white, lead-colour, and blue; the firft forming a band acrofs the wing: the quills brown; the primaries have the inner edge white; the outer blue; towards the tip white; fecondaries white at the tips: the tail is blue; the outer edges of the feathers whitifh ; moft fo in proportion as they are more outward; the outer one of all has the whole of the outer web white; this fea- ther too is fhorter than the others: legs and claws black. This fpecies has hitherto been but very ob{curely known; the whole account being drawn from a painting of Aldrovandus *,. who tells us that it was a native of the Zaf Indies. ® Aldrovana’s bird had a black fpot beneath the eyes; and the crown, as well as the reft of the upper parts, was of a pale blue: irides yellow. : The TON Tee ee SE: The bird here defcribed is feen throughout Raffa and Sibiria in winter only; probably coming from the north. Frequently met with about the fuburbs of St. Peter/burgh. Parus peregrinus, Liz. Spf. i. p. 342. N° 10. IZE of the Greater Titmoufe. General colour cinereous : beneath wholly white: rump crimfon: quills brown: tail black; the four middle feathers have the ends obliquely tipped with yellow; but the two middle ones have leaft of that colour. Place unknown. Parus grifeus, Maller, p. 34. N° 284. H E general colour of this bird is grey, except the crown, which is crimfon *, Inhabits Groenland. IZE of the Great Titmoufe: length fix inches. Plumage above dufky: fides of the head, and round the eye, white: on each fide of the neck a ftripe of the fame: at the hind head a fpot of white: chin, throat, and breaft, black: belly dirty white: * We have our fufpicions that this bird is no other than our Crim/on-crowned Finch, p. 259. pl. 47. not yet arrived at full plumage, 3Ze quills $39 &e CRIMSON- RUMPED T. DESCRIPTION. Ge CRIMSON- CROWNED T. DESCRIPTION» PLACE. 6. BLACK- BREASTED T. DescRIPTION» 549 PLACE. 7. +COLEMOUSE. DeEscRIPTION. PLACE. Tia aM Ol Ue Sk Bs quills brown: tail black ; the outer web of the exterior feather white ; the next to it tipped with white: legs black. From the Cape of Good Hope. In the colleétion of Sir Fofeph Banks. Parus ater, Liz, Sy/f. is p. 341. N? 7.— Scop. ann. i. p. 163. N? 245. — Kram. el. p.379. N® 4,—Georgé Reife, p.175.—Frifch. t. 13, La Mefange a téte noire, Bréf. orn. iil. p. 551. N° 5. La petite Charbonniere, Buf. oi/. v. p. 400. Parus ater, or Colemoufe, Razi Syzx. p. 73. A.2. — Will. orn: ps 24H. t. 43.0 —Br, Zool. i. N° 164. pl. 57. f. 3.—Ar&. Zool, Br. Muf. Lev. Muf, ESS than the Blue Titmoufe: weight two drams: length four inches. Bill four lines and a half; colour black = head and throat black: from the bill, on each fide, a broad band of white, paffing juft under the eye to the fides of the neck: on the hind head a large white fpot: hind part of the neck, back, and rump, afh-colour: from the breaft to the vent rufous white : wing coverts grey, tipped with white, forming two bands of the fame colour: quills and tail feathers brownifh afh-colour, bor- dered with grey: the tail fomewhat forked: legs and claws lead- colour; This is pretty common in woods, orchards, and. gardens, where _ it lives on the fame food as the reft of the Britifh {pecies of this genus, and lays a number of eggs.- It is found throughout Europe, and likewife met with in America. Parus Deo Tee Oro US: By Parus paluftris, Liz. Syf.i. p. 341. N° 8.—Scop. ann. i. p. 164. N° 246.— Kramer, 379» N° 5.—Muller, pe 34. N° 286. — Frifch, t. 13.—Georgi Reife, 175. f Ia Mefange de Marais, ou la Nonette cendrée, Brif- orn. ili. p. 555. N° 7z. —Buf. cif. v. p. 403.—Pl. enl. ili. f. 3. Parus paluftris, Marfh Titmoufe, or Black-Cap, Raii Syn. p. 73. A. 3.— Will, orz. p. 24t. pl. 43.— Albin. iii. pl. 58. f£. 1. — Br. Zool. i. N° 165. pl. 57. f. 4.—PEMALE. PLACE. 26. NEW-ZEA- LAND f. DeEscrRiPTION. PLace. 27. CREEPING T. DescRIPTIoN, ee deal OS) a. and rounded in fhape; the colour of it black; the two outer feathers white, with the ends black, divided obliquely ; the next white within near the tip *: legs dufky brown. The female is pale brown above ; all beneath yellow: the bill and {pot over it as in the wale: quills dufky. In the collection of Sir 7. Banks. Found in Queen Charlotte's Bay, New Zealand, and called there Mirro-Mirvo. ENGTH five inches. Bill fmall, being only a quarter of © an inch in length; colour of it brown, with the tip dufky : the forehead rufous: the upper parts of the body pale cinereous red, mixed with brown: over the eye a white ftreak : beneath the eye, and fides cf the head, cinereous : under parts pale rufous grey: quills pale brown: tail the colour of the back; the two middle feathers black ; the others marked with a fquare fpot of brown about the middle of each feather : the legs are an inch in length, of a dufky colour; claws black. This is met with at Dufky Bay, New Zealand, where it 1s called Toe-Toe. From Sir 7. Banks’s drawings. Parus Americanus, Liz. Sy/.i. p. 341. N° 4. Le Figuier cendré de la Caroline, Brif. orn. ili. p. 522. N° 66.—P/. ex/. A s7silentonls ——— ——-——— 4 Collier, Buf. oif. v. p. 301. Finch-Creeper, Cate/o. Car. i. pl. 64:—Ar&. Zool, IZE of the White Throat. The upper mandible brown 3 the lower yellow: the head blue; a white {pot over the * In fome birds four of the middle tail feathers only are black; all the others white, with the euter edges and tips black: the bill is alfo black. 7 eye, Tote Spee Mie. GHW Si eye, and another under it: upper part of the back yellowith ereen ; the reft of the upper parts, and tail, dufky blue: wing coverts fpotted with white, forming two bands of that colour on the wings: throat and breaft yellow; the laft deepeft: on the lower part of the neck.a half collar of black: belly white: fides marked with reddifh: {pots : quills blackifh, edged with blueifh afh-colour ;. within.white: tail rather forked, and blackifh; the two middle feathers cinereous blue; the others edged with the fame; the two outer ones marked with a white fpot within at the- tip: legs yellowith. The female is merely black and brown. Thefe are found in Carolina, where they remain all the winter, and creep up and down the: bodies of trees in fearch of infects, . en.which they feed.. They are alfo met with in Canada. GEN U.s~ 559 FEMALE. PLace. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. r L Genus XLIV. . Chimney Sw. Var. A. . Otaheite Sw. - Martin. Warcay . Panayan Sw. - Rufous-bellied Sw. . Cape Sw. . Senegal Sw. . White-bellied Sw, . Ambergris Sw. . Sand Martin. - Rock Sw. . Crag Sw. . Daurian Sw. Red-headed Sw. Aoonalafhka Sw. Rufous-headed Sw. Black Sw. St. Domingo Sw. Peruvian Sw. s60 | SWALLOW. N° 20. Qt. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27.5 33> 34. 35- 36. 37° Afh-bellied Sw. Violet Sw. Chalybeate Sw. Purple Sw. Canada Sw. Brafilian Sw. Brown-breafted Sw. White-winged Sw. Var. A. . Efculent Sw. . Wheat Sw. . Grey-rumped Sw. . Rufous-rumped Sw. . Aculeated Sw. Var. A: Var. B. Sharp-tailed Sw. Swift. Chinefe D°. White-bellied D’. White-collared D°. Wy IRD S of this genus have a fhort bill, broad at the bafe, : fmall at the point, and a little bending. Noftrils open. Tongue SW A EL Oo. W. Tongue fhort, broad, and cloven. Tail, for the moft part, forked *; wings long. Legs fhort ; toes placed three before and one behind +. Hirundoruftica, Lin. Syft. i. p. 343. N° 1.—Scop. ann. i. p. 165. N° 249.—= Kram. el. p. 380. N° 1.—Muller, N° 287.—Brua. orn. bor. p. 73. N° 289.--Georgi Reife, p. 175.—Frifch. t. 12o—Faun. Suec. 270. L’Hirondelle de Cheminée, Brif. orn. ii. p. 486. N° 1. ——-——— 0u L’Hirondelle domeftique, Buf. if. vi. p. 591. pl. 25. f 1.-—Pl, exl. 543. f. 1. Hirundo domeftica, Raii Syn. p. 71. A. 1. Common or Chimney Swallow, Will. orn. p. 212. t. 39.—Albin. i. pl. 45.— Br. Zool, i, N° 168. pl. 58. Ard. Zool, Br. Muf. Lev, Muf. ENGTH more than fix inches, Bill black: irides hazel : forehead and chin red, inclining to chefhut: the upper parts of the head, neck, body, wings, and tail, black, with a rich glofs of purplifh blue: breaft and belly white: the tail very forked; all the feathers, except the two middle ones, marked with an oval white fpot on the inner web near theend: legs very fhort, and blackifh. This is well known throughout England, where it takes up its refidence during the fummer-months, departing about the end of September, and coming the latter end of March. With us it builds univerfally in chimneys, within five or fix feet of the top, on the infide, making its neft of mud, mixed with ftraw and hair, lining it with feathers. Lays from four to fix white eggs, * Except the 24th {pecies, which has an even tail. + The four lait excepted, the toes of which are all placed forwards. Vou. II. 4C fpeckled Ie + CHIMNEY SW. Descrivtion. PLace anp ManNeR3se SWAT Es Eel On Wye fpeckled with red: has two broods in a year; the firft in Fune, the other in 4uguff. The male has a little warbling weak note, but not unpleafing. This fpecies is fuppofed, with fome propriety, to take up its winter-quarters in Senegal*, and parts adjacent, and feems to poffefs in turn the whole of the old continent, being known from Norway to the Cape. of Good Hope, on the one hand, and from Kamifchatka to India and Fapan on the other. They are alfo found in all parts of North America, migrating north and fouth, as with us. In Sweden andin North America they arecalled Barn Swallows +. Kalm fays, that in America they build in houfes, and under the outfides of the roofs; alfo on the mountains, in fuch parts of them as project beyond the bottom, as well as under the corners of perpendicular rocks. The aculeated ones building in chimneys, as ours in England. Much may be faid concerning their migrations, whether any of them pafs the winter under the water, &c. but this would take up too much both of our time and paper; and what is -worfe, leave us ftill in the dark in refpeét to the fubje&t. Who- * Talking of Swallows, Mr. Adan/fon fays, ‘‘ they are never feen but at this “© time of the year (after Odober) at Sexegal, along with the Quails, Wagtails, ‘© Kites, and fome other birds of paffage, which go thither every year, when the ** cold drives them away from the temperate countries of Europe. Another fact, ** not lefs worthy of remark, is, that the Swallows do not build their nefts in ‘© Senegal as in Europe; they lie every night two and two, or fingle, on the fea- ** fhore, which they feem to like better than inland places.” Voy. to Senegal, p- 121. And again, p. 163, mentions, that the Swallows took up their refi- dence at night in his hut, which was pretty dark within, perched on the rafters $ however it is doubted by fome, whether they be our Swallows. + Ladu-fwala, Faun. Suec. po 98» See alfo, Kalm Voy. ii, p. 270. ever SWALL O W. ever may be inclined to perufe what has been faid on this mat- ter, may confult Phil. Tranf. N° 36. vol. li. p. 459.—vol. iii. p- 1o1.—Buf. oi/. vol. vi. p. §52. © feq.—Br. Zool. vol. i. Art. Swallow. L’Hirordelle blanche, Bri/. orz. ii. p. 489. A: _Br. Muf. Lev. Mu. HIS variety is wholly white. I have likewife feen a fpe- cimen with the chin reddith, otherwife of a pure white *. ENGTH five inches. Bill black: irides brown: colour of the body brown black, with a fhining blueith glofs: from the chin to the upper part of the breaft it is of a fulvous purple ; the reft of the parts beneath are of a footy brown; the vent paleft: tail a little forked; above black; beneath the fame, but paler; the length two inches and a quarter: legs black. Inhabits the mountainous parts of Ofabeite. One of thefe is * Among fome Chine/e drawings belonging to the late Dr. Fothergill, I ob- ferved one, called Hirundo vulgarés, wholly white: the bill red, and fhort: the wings long: the tail feathers even, except the two outer ones, which were an inch and a half longer than the refi: the legsred. I likewife met with one in fome other Chénefe drawings, in all refpeéts the fame, except the two long tail feathers, which were placed in the middle of the tail, and not on the outfide. Which of the two was right, or whether the bird itfelf is a Savalow, I am not able to determine. 4 C2 in 563 Yo Var. A. + WHITE SW. DEscRIPTIONe 2. OTAHEITE SW. PL. 1n FrontTis- PIECE. DescriPTioM. Peace. 564 3. + MARTIN. DescrIPTION. PLACE AND MANNERS. sv OA OL SL 20 Ry, in the collection of Sir 7. Banks, in which fpecimen the purple advances far on the breaft, and is fo reprefented in our figure of it. Hirundo urbica, Lin. Syf. i. p. 344. N° 3.—=Scop. anx. i. p. 165. N° 250.— Kram. el. p. 380. N° 2 —Brun. N° 290.—Muller, N° 288.—Frifche t. 17.—Georgi Reifé, pe 175.—Faun. Suec. 271. Le petite Hirondelle, ou le Martinet 4 Cul blanc, Bri/. orn. ii. p. 490. N 2. L’Hirondelle 4 Cul blanc, ou de Fenétre, Buf. oif, vi, p. 614. pl. 25° N° 2. Le petit Martinet, Pl. en/. 542. f. 2. Hirundo ruftica, five agreftis Plinit, Razz Syx. p. 71. A. 2. Martin, Martlet, or Martinet, Will. orn. p. 213. ts 39.—Albin. ii. pl. 56. a. Br. Zool. i. N° 169.—Ar&. Zool. Br. Muf. Lev. Muf. HIS is not quite fo big as the laft fpecies: length only five inches and a half. The bill is black: the mouth yellow within: irides hazel: the head, upper parts of the body, wings, and tail, are of a gloffy blue black : the rump white, as are the whole of the under parts of the body from chin to vent: the tail is forked, but not near fo much as in the laft: legs covered with white down quite te the claws, which are white alfo. Thefe birds are frequent in Eng/and, and more numerous than the Chimney Swallow. ‘They build under the eaves and cornices of houfes, making a neft of mud and ftraw, like that bird, leaving a hole for entrance, and lining the infide with feathers: often * builds againft the fides of high cliffs near the fea. For “* the time that the young keep the neft, the old one feeds ‘© them, adhering by the claws to the outfide; but as foon as “ they quit it, feeds them flying, by a motion quick, and almoft ‘« imperceptible SW CAT aL, 70 W, ‘ imperceptible to thofe who are not ufed to obferve it *.” Ic lays generally only twice in the year; the firft time five white eygs, inclining to dufky at the large end: at the fecond hatch the eggs are only three, or four at moft; and at the third, which is fometimes the cafe ¢, no more than two or three. This comes into England about twenty days after the Sua//ow, generally departing the beginning of Ofoder. N Sir F. Banks's collection, I obferve a Martin very like the above, but dufky in thofe parts where that is black: the quills, tail, and its upper coverts, tipped with white. This came from fome part of North America. L’Hirondelle d’Antigue, Sox. Voy. p. 118. pl. 76. - a gorge couleur de rouille, Buf. o:/. vi. p. 607- => QIZE of the Sand Martin. Bill black: on the forehead a rufty yellow fpot: throat the fame, bordered by a narrow black collar : head, neck, and back, of a velvet black: leffer wing coverts changeable violet black: greater ones and quills coal black : tail the fame, and forked: wings and tail of equal lengths : all the under parts of the body, from the throat, white : legs black. This inhabits Antigue, in the ifland of Panay, one of the Phi- Jippines. ® Br. Zool. i, Po 401. + Hift. des vif, L’Hirondelle 565 3° Var. A. DescriprTioNe PLAcE. 4 PANAYAN SW. DESCRIPTIONe Puacse 566 Se RUFOUS- BELLIED SW. DeEscRiPTION~ PLAcE AND MannegErzs. 6. CAPE Sw. DeEscripTion. S With bb OW. L’Hirondelle 4 ventre roux de Cayenne, Buf. oif- vi. p. 607.—Pi. en). 724. f. x. T= SS than our Chimney Swallow: length five inches and a half. Bill half an inch long, and black: the forehead is whitifh: the upper parts of the body gloffy black ; the under ru- fous, growing paler towards the vent: legs dufky. Thefe are found at Cayenne, and not unfrequently as far north as New York; and are the fort which M. Bajon * mentions build- ing in houfes, without any mixture of mud, fabricating the neft with mofs,dried plants, and fhort bits of fticks, all united with a fort of gum, fo as fcarce to be broken, lining it with feathers ; fufpending it from the beams and rafters, fides of walls, and eaves of houfes; fometimes a foot and a half in length, and is fixed by one of its fides, making the opening near the bottom. “The female lays four or five eggs. The young go out as foon as their wings will fupport them. L’Hirondelle au Capuchin roux, Buf. otf. vi. p. 608. Hirondelle 4 téte rouffe du Cap de Bonne Efperance, P/. enl. 723. f. 2. ENGTH feven inches. Bill half an inch, and black: the whole top of the head, below the eyes on each fide, and the nape behind, is deep rufous, mixed with black: the back part of the neck, back, and wing coverts, blue black: quills brown, edged with lighter brown: tail forked ; blackifh; all the feathers, except the two middle, marked with an oval fpot of * Mem. fur Cayenne, vol. ii. p. 275. white, S$ WAL Lo w. 567 white, appearing, as in ours, only when the tail is fpread: the throat brown, mixed with white: the reft cf the under parts yellowith white, marked with perpendicular blackifh ftreaks : legs dufky. This inhabits the Cape of Good Hope, where it builds in houfes, Puace ann fixing the neft to the cielings ; making it of mud without, and ae of feathers within, of a round fhape, with a kind of cylindrical entrance. The female lays four or five fpeckled eggs. Hirundo Senegalenfis, Liz Sy/?.1. p. 345- N° 8. L’Hirondelle du Senegal, Bri/. orn. ii. p. 496. N°5 pl. 45. f. 1. La grande Hirondelle a ventre roux du Senegal, Buf. oi/. vi. 610.— PZ. enl. 310. SENEGAL Sw. HIS is a large fpecies, meafuring eight inches anda half Description. in length, and expands fifteen inches and a quarter. Bill eight lines long, and dufky: top of the head, hind part of the neck, back, and wing coverts, gloffy fteel black: quills and tail black; the laft much forked: the rump, and all the under parts of the body, rufous ; very pale on the throat, and under the wings. This inhabits Senegal. Peace L’Hirondelle a ceinture blanche, Buf. o7/. vi. p. 611. 8. Hirondelle de Cayenne, a bande blanche fur le ventre, PJ. exl. 724. f. 2. WHITE-BEL- LiED SW. ENGT Hy fix inches. Bill half an inch longs andiblack 3) yr caresrar the whole bird is black, except a band of white acrofs the belly, and a fpot of the fame on the outer part of the thighs : tail forked. 10 Found 568 S Wik LL Om, Pack ano Found at Cayenne, but not in plenty ; alfo in Guiana, on the Manners. H é : ; borders of rivers. Skims the furface of the water, like ours in Europe; and is often feen perched on the floating trees which chance has thrown into the ftream. 9. L’Hirondelle de Rivage du Senegal, Bri/. orz. ii. p. 508. pl. 45. f. 4. AMBERGRIS L’Hirondelle ambrée, Buf. o:/. vi. p. 612. SW. Description. SIZE of a Wren: length five inches and a half. Bill half an inch; colour blackifh: the whole plumage is grey brown, deepeft on the head and quills: tail very forked: legs brown. i Prace. Inhabits Senegal. Is faid to fmell very {trong of amber- gris *. Io. Hirundo riparia, Lin. Syf. i. pe 344 N° 4.— Kram. el. p. 381. N° 4. — + SAND Brun. N° 291. — Muller, p. 34. N° 289. — Frifch. t. 18. —= Georgi MARTIN. Reife, N° 175.—Faun. Suec. 273. L’Hirondelle de Rivage, Bri. orn. ii. p. 506. N°-12.— Buf oif, vie p. 632. —PI. enl. 543. £. 2. Hirundo riparia A/drov. Rait Syn. p. 71. A. 3. Sand Martin, or Shore-bird, Will, orn. p. 213. t. 39.—ZAlbin. ii. pl. 56. b. —Br. Zool. i. N° 170.— Ar. Zool. Br. Muf. Lev. Muf. D LEN G TH four inches and three quarters. Bill five lines, ESCRIPTIONS and blackifh: upper parts of the plumage moufe-colour : throat and under parts white: on the breaft a bar of moufe- colour: legs blackifh, feathered behind. * Seba. This §S WAL L OW. This is common about the banks of rivers and /and-pits, where it digs deep horizontal holes in the fides; at the end of which is the neft, which is compofed only of a few dried fibres, or ftraw, mixed with feathers. It is faid to lay only once in a year (the eges five or fix in number, quite white and tranfparent) and to produce its young more early than the reft of its tribe *. Salerne obferves, that the young are very fat, and in flavour fcarce inferior to the Ortolan. This fpecies is found throughout Europe. It does not always take pains to make an hole for a neft; frequently laying in cavi- ties of quarries, and in hollows of trees, where it is convenient. It is likewife an inhabitant of North America throughout; making the neft in the fteep fhores of rivers and lakes, in the fame man- ner as in England +. Hirundo rupeftris, Scop. ann. i. p. 167. N° 253. IZE of the Martin. Bill black: upper parts of the plu- mage moufe-colour; quills and tail darkeft; beneath whitith: the tail nearly even at the end, or at leaft very little forked; on each feather a white fpot on the inner web: legs naked, and black. Inhabits Carniola. Makes its neft of clay, in the hollows of rocks. * Frifch.—I\f fo, one would fuppofe the probability of having two broods in a year, at leat. + Kalm.—Called in America, Ground Swallow, Vou. II. 4D L’Hirondelle 569 PLACE anpb Manners, Ue ROCK SW, DeEscriIPTION. Prace ax» Manners. 57° 12. + CRAG SW. DeEscRIPTION. PLace anp MANNERS. 136 DAURIAN SW.. DescriPTION. S.W.A LL GO. W. L’Hirondelle grife des Rochers, Buf. oi/. vi. p. 644. Lev. Muf. ENGTH five inches and a half. Bill black: plumage above like the Sazd Martin: quills and tail grey brown, margined with rufous; the tail fcarcely forked; the two middle feathers, and the outer one on each fide, plain; the four on each fide, between thefe, marked on the inner web with a white fpot : the under part of the body rufous: fides inclining to brown: legs. covered with grey down, mixed with brown: claws black. Thefe inhabit the rocks and crags about Savoy; arriving there the middle of April, and departing the 15th of Auguft, for the- moft part; now and then fome ftragelers remain to the roth of Ogober. This fpecies is alfo found in the mountains of Au= vergne and Dauphiné. J have alfo received it from Gzbraliar. It feems to have great affinity to the laft. ~~ Hirundo daurica, Lin, Mantif. 1771. p. 528.—A&. Holm. 1769. Hirundo alpeftris, Pall. Tr. vol. ii. p. 70g. N° 19. —-— daurica, Spice. Zool. IGGER than the Chimney Swallow: the bill a little broader: crown of the head, bafe of the wings, and between them, alfo the tail coverts, of a deep fteel black: on each fide of the head, from the eye to the nape, taking in the temples, a tri- angular ferruginous patch; in fome fubjects meeting at the back. part: lower part of the back and rump pale ferruginous : under parts dirty white, ftreaked with black down the fhaft: tail glofiy black, and very forked; the four middle feathers nearly even ; the she SED i ‘ + SE Vale. iS 2 2. ( 2 uous ete O} Vopeow: S W Age LO. W. the outer one, efpecially in old birds, very long, and commonly marked with a white fpot within: legs pretty large; brown. Inhabits Szdiria. Builds in high rocks of the Mtaic Chain, and beyond Lake Baikal, though fometimes in deferted ruinous edi- fices. The neft is made of clay, large, of an hemifpherical fhape, with a long narrow canal, like a neck, for entrance. IZE of a fmall Humming Bird. Bill fhort, flat, dufky: head red: back dufky ; the feathers edged with white: the under parts of the body white: tail coverts pale brown: tail a trifle forked; that and the wings both dufky. Inhabits Jndig * Lev, Muf. ENGTRH “fou inches and a half. Bill very fhort, nuit the plumage above dull black, without glofs: beneath, and fides of the head, dufky afh-colour; the laft darkeft : rump dirty white: tail forked; each feather round at the end: legs dufky. tule Inhabits Aoonalaoka, fon sj , Sete ee J,EN GT H four inches. Bill dufky brown: the whole top of the head, even with the eyes, rufous, inclining to brown: the upper parts of the neck, wings, body, and tail, brown; the * Mr. Pennant. 4D2 laft 37 PLAce AND Manners. 14. RED-HEADED SW. DESCRIPTIONe Puace. Ig. AOONALASH- KA SW. DESCRIPTIONe PLACE. 16. RUFOUS- HEADED SW. Pi. LVI. DsscriPTION. 572 PLACE. 17%. BLACK SW. DescRIPTIONe PLACE anpD MANNERS. S) Wray Ly Le On We Jaft forked in fhape: the under parts dufky white: fome of the wing coverts edged with white: the quilis exceed the tail in length : legs dufky. Inhabits the Zaft Indies. Taken from fome unpublifhed drawings of the late Mr. Ed- wards, now in my poffeffion. Le Martinet de St. Domingue, Brif/. orn. ii. p. 514. N° 16. pl. 46. f. 3. Le petit Martinet noir, Buf. oif. vi. p. 668. — Mem. Jur Cayenne, vol, it. p. 276. Ei {S meafures near fix inches in length. The bill is half an inch long: the colour of the bird wholly black: tail forked: the wings exceed it in length by near one inch and a half. This fpecies inhabits St. Domingo and Cayenne: is not nume- rous: is often feen to perch on dead trees; and only inhabits dry favannas inland. It fcoops out a hole in the earth, half a foot in length, the mouth of it very fmall, fo as juft to permit entrance : in this cavity it conftrudts the neft, and rears the young. Buffon mentions one of thefe, as a variety, which had on the forehead a narrow band of white; and a fecond, which came from Louifiana *, of the fame fize, but wholly of a dull blackifh grey : the legs bare of feathers. * Martinet de la Louifiane, P/. enl. 726. f. 3. L’Hirondelle SW 4A elk ,O°W. $73 L’Hirondelle de St. Domingue, Brif. orz. il. p. 493. N° 3. Le Grand Martinet noir a ventre blanc, Buf, ot/. vi. p. 669. ST. oNeO L’Hirondelle d’Amerique, P/. enl. 545. f. 1. SW. Lev. Muf G! ZE of our Chimney Swallow: length feven inches. Bill Description. eight lines long, and of a brown colour: the whole bird is black, with the glofs of polifhed fteel, except the belly and under tail coverts, which are white: the tail is very little forked: legs and claws brown. Inhabits St. Domingo, and other of the Weft India iflands, in Snes May, Fune, and Fuly. It is faid to imitate a Lark in its fong. La Grande Hirondelle de Perou, Brif. orn. 11. p. 498. N° 6. 19: Le Martinet noir & blanc, a Ceinture grife, Buf. oif. vi. p. 670. PERUVIAN SW. ILL black: head, throat, and neck, grey: back, rump, Descrrprion. {capulars, and upper tail coverts, black: under parts of the body pure white, except a band of afh-colour acrofs the breatft : - the upper wing coverts, quills, and tail, pale grey, with yellowifh grey margins: claws black. ‘ Inhabits Peru. PLACE. L’Hirondelle du Perou, Bri/. orn. ii. p. 498. No 6. ASH-BELLIED La petite Hirondelle noire 4 Ventre cendré, Buf. off. vi. p. 673. SW. a IS is fmaller than the Chimney Swallow; and the bill very fhort: the eyes are black, furrounded with a brown circle: the upper parts of the plumage of a glofly black: all be- neath DeEscCRIFTION, 574 PLacz. 21. VIOLET SW. DeEscRiIPTION. PLACE. 22. CHALYBEATE SW. DescriPpTiIoON. PLacE AND Manners, Ser WATS TL OW neath afh-colour: quills and tail dark afh-colour, edged with yellowifh grey. Inhabits Peru. Alfo met with at Otabeite, by Dr. For/rer. L’Hirondelle bleue de la Louifiane, Buf. oi/. vi. p.674.—Pl. enl. 722. LENGTH eight inches and a half. Bill three quarters of an inch, and black: general colour of the plumage deep blue, refe&ting violet in different tints, according to the reflec- tions of the light: the inner webs of the greater quills are black : tail very forked: legs black. This inhabits Louwifiana ; from whence another has been feen, which was fomewhat bigger, but differed in having the greater wing coverts, quills, and tail, fimply of a dull black. L’Hirondelle de Cayenne, Brif. orn. ii. p. 495. N° 4. pl. 46. fig. 1.—Buf. oif. vi. p. 675.—Pl. enl. 545. f. 2. Lev. Muf. [ ENGTH fix inches. Bill three quarters of an inch, ra- ther ftouter than is ufual in the genus, and of a brown co- lour: plumage above black, with the glofs of polifhed fteel ; be- neath white: quills and tail black, without glofs; the laft forked: legs brown. Inhabics Cayenne, where it is common. It is feen frequently perched on fallen trees, or burnt up leaflefs ones. Makes no neft; laying the eggs in the hollows of trees. Remains at Cayenne the whole year. 10 Hirundo Si. Wy ACE Lb .- On WwW. Hirundo purpurea, Lin. Sy, i. p. 344. N° 5. Le Martinet de la Caroline, Brif. orn. ii. p. 515, N° 17, Purple Martin, Care. Car. i. pl. 51.—Kalm. Trav. ii. p. 147.—ArG. Zool. ESS than the Swift: length feven inches and three quarters. Bill ten lines ; colour of.it black: the whole body is of a deep violet, very glofly: quills and tail of the fame colour, but ftill deeper; the laft forked: legs and claws blackifh, The female is dufky. brown, with a fcarce perceivable tinge of violet. This fpecies is found in fummer in Carolina and Virginia ; coming in May, and retiring at the approach of winter. The common people are very fond of them*; and make little con- veniences of boards on the outfides of their houfes for the birds to. build in, like as is done for Sparrows in England ; being defirous to keep them near, as they are of much ufe in alarming the poultry of the approach of the Hawk, and other birds of prey; not only fhrieking violently on the appearance of thefe enemies, but at- tacking them with all the efforts of our Martius in Europe. Hirundo fubis, Liz. Sy. i. p. 345. N° 7. L’Hirondelle de la Baye d’Hudfon, Bri/. orn. vi. App. p. 56. N° 18.—Buf. aif. Vi. Ds 677. Great American Martin, Edw. iii. pl. 120. Lev. Muf. F11IS is a little bigger than the Sz#ft, but has not quite fo great length of wing; and the bill pretty ftrong: the plu- © Kalu mage 575 232 PURPLE SW. DESERIPTION». FroMatLe. Pracze ana Mannerse 24. CANADA SW. DEscRIPTION. 576 PLACE; 25. BRASILIAN SW. DeEsorIPTION. PLace. S waAtL LOW. mage on the upper parts of the body is of a purplith black + throat, fore part of the neck, and breaft, deep grey: belly, thighs, and under tail coverts, white, fhaded with brown; on the fides it is alfo brownifh: quills and tail blackifh, edged with brown; the laft forked: legs and claws dufky. This inhabits Hud/on’s Bay, where it is called Safhaun-pafbu by the natives. Hirundo tapera, Liz. Sy. i. p. 345. N° go L’Hirondelle d’Amerique, Brif. orn. ii. p. 502. N° 10. pl. 45. f. 30 La Tapere, Buf. oi/. vi. Pp. 678. Hirundo Americana, Brafilienfibus Tapera difta, Raii Syn. p. 72. N° 5. p- 185. N° 32,.—Will. orn. p. 214. N° 6. Swallow, Sloane's Fam. p.312. pl. 51. EN GT H five inches and three quarters. Bill eight lines long, and of a black colour: upper parts of the plumage brown: throat, fore part of the neck, breaft, fides, and thighs, ereyifh brown: belly and under tail coverts white: quills blackifh brown: tail fcarcely at all forked ; colour the fame as the quills: legs and claws brown. Inhabits South America* ; being found at Brafil and Cayenne ; alfo at Jamaica +. Sloane obferves, that they are only there for fix months, as the Swallows are in Europe; frequenting the plains and favannas of that ifland; now and then alighting on the tops of fhrubs. * Briffon, + cant. Hirondelle $s WwW AL LO W. Hirondelle brune & blanche, 4 Ceinture brune, Buf. oi/, vi. p. 680. Hirondelle brune a Collier du Cap de Bonne Efperance, P/. exl. 723. f.4. _ LEN GT H fix inches. Bill eight lines, and pretty ftrong : the upper part of the body brown; the under white, except a band of brown acrofs the breaft: the thighs are alfo brown: and there is a fmall fpot of white between the bill and the eye: the tail is even at the end. Inhabits the Cape of Good Hope. ' L’Hirondelle 4 ventre blanc de Cayenne, Buf. oi/. vi. p. 681. — Pl. eal. 546. f. 2. EN GT H from four inches and a quarter to five inches. Bill from fix to eight lines ; colour black: top of the head, neck, body, and leffer wing coverts, afh-coloured, with reflections of blue and green in. different lights, and fome of the greater coyerts edged with white; there alfo is a great portion of white in fome fpecimens on the fecondary quills: the greater quills and tail are brown, with the fame gloffes of green and blue as on the body, but deeper: all the under parts, from chin to vent, are white: the rump is alfo white: the tail is a little forked; the wings exceed it in length by more than a quarter of an inch: the legs are pale. ‘Hirondelle 4 ventre tacheté de Cayenne, Buf. oi/ vi. p. 682. — P/. enl. 546. f. 1. A HE upper parts of this bird are dull brown, without glofs, or any mixture of white: the under parts white, marked Vou. I, 4E with 577 26. BROWN- COLLARED SW. DESCRIPTION. PLACE. 270 WHITE- WINGED SW. DescripTion. 270 Var. Ao DeEscRIPTION. 578 PLaces. 28. ESCULENT SW. DeEscRIPTIONs SW Ay Ly Li @, W. with oblong brown fpots, which are moft frequent on the neck and breaft: bill and legs as in the other. From the fize, colour of legs, and general appearance, it is moft likely to prove a variety of the former. Both are found at Guiana, where they frequent the moift favannas, fkimming the fur- face of the earth in fearch of prey, as other Swallows; and are often feen perched on the low branches of trees which are defti- tute of leaves. Hirundoefculenta, Liz. Sy/f.i- p. 343. 2.—-Ofo. Voy. vol. iis p. 3300 L’Hirondelle de Rivage de la Cochinchine, Bri/. orn. ii, p. 510. N° 14. pl. 46. f. 2. A. La Salangane, Buf. oi/. vi. p. 682. Hirundo finenfis Nido-eduli Bontii, Rati Syn. p. 72. N° 6, Chinefe Swallow, whofe neft is.edible, Will.orz. p. 215. HIS is faid to be lefs than the Wren, and only two inches and aquarter in length. The bill black: irides yellow: the upper parts of the body brown; the under whitifh: the tail forked, and each feather of it tipped with white: the legs brown. We are indebted to the pencil of M@. Poture for the drawing of the bird, from which the above defcription was taken by Briffon ; and whofe figure he has copied in the Ornithology. Notwith- ftanding which, we are dubious, that however accurate the figure may be, the fize is defcribed by much too fmall, as Mr. Mar/den * fays that the bird ‘appears. to be the Common Martin ;” and we are much inclined to think that it is at leaft of that fize, from the- eges which accompany. the neft now in the Brit Mufeum, ® See Hifory of Sumatra; po 143. which: ST We Ae I O" OW. which are as big as thofe of the Martin, and of the fame colour. However, we cannot difpute the point. The moft curious part of the natural hiftory belonging to this bird confifts in the neft, which is compofed of fuch materials as not only to be edible, but accounted as one of the greateft dain- ties of the Afatic epicures. It weighs about half an ounce ; and is in fhape like half a lemon, or, as fome compare it, to that of a faucet, with one fide flatted, where it adheres to the rock. The texture of it is fomewhat like z/mgla/s, or rather more like fine gum dragon; and the feveral layers of the matter it is compofed of, very apparent; being fabricated from repeated parcels of a foft flimy fubftance, in the fame manner as the Martins form theirs of mud. Authors differ much as to the materials of which it is compofed: fome fuppofe it to confift of /ea-worms of the Mollufca clafs*; others of the Sea-qualm (a kind of Cuttle-fifh) or a glutinous fea-plant called Agal Agal}+. It has alfo been fuppofed that they rob other birds of their eggs, and, after break- ing the fhells, apply the white of them for that purpofe. The ufe that is made of the neft is twofold: the beft fort, which are clear and perfectly free from dirt, are diffolved in broths, in order to thicken them; and are faid to give them an exquifite fla- vourt. Of the black and dirty ones they make glue |. * Ofbeck. t Forref. Voy, p. 28. ¢ Chiefly made ufe of in foups and ragouts made of chickens, and mixed with ginfeng. ‘The nefts are to be foaked in water, to foften; then pulled to pieces ; and, after being mixed with giz/eng, are put into the body of a fowl. The whole ' is then to be ftewed in a pot, with a fufficient quantity of water, and left on the coals all night. The morning following it is fit to be eaten. — Voy. de Siam, vol. i. p. 278. 279. || Mar/den. Sumatr. p. 141. Ae 2 Thefe PLace- ano Manners. 580 Ss W ALLO W. Thefe nefts are found in vaft numbers in certain caverns, ia various ifles in the Soolo Archipelago *, fituated between longitude 117 and 120, latitude 5 and 7; particularly in three fmall ifles, or rather rocks; in the caverns of which the nefts are found fixed to the fides in aftonifhing numbers. They are alfo found in amaz- ing quantities on a fmall ifland called Toc, in the ftraits of Sunda; the caverns of which are lined with the nefts: but nowhere in greater abundance than about Croce, near the fouth end of Suma- tra, four miles up a river of that name. But they are not pecu- liar to the above places; for they are likewife common from Fava to Cachinchina on the north, and from the point of Sumatra welt, to New Guinea on the eaft; where the fea: is faid to be covered with a vifcous fubftance like half-melted glue, which the bird is fuppofed either to take up from the furface with its bill during flight, or to pick it from the rocks when. left there byr the waves. The beft nefts, or thofe of a pure white, and free from mixture;. fell in China from 1000 to 1500 dollars the picle +; the black and: dirty ones for only twenty dollars.. The laft are fuppofed to arife- from age, mixed with dirt, or feathers; and the gatherers beat; down all the black ones they can get at, in hopes that, from the- neceflity of the birds making frefh nefts, they may meet with the. more valuable ones at the next gathering. It is faid, that the Dutch alone export from Batavia 1000 picles of thefe nefts every year }, which are brought from the ifles of Cechinchina, and thofe. » Forref. t The picle, or pehul, is about 125 pounds;. or, as Dampier fays, 300 piches are equal to 396 pounds Englih weight.—See Voy. vol. iis po 132 4 Ofeck, lying: Sy We Ay ey OW. 581 lying to the eaft of them. It is much to be wondered, that, - among other luxuries imported by us from the EZa/f, the ufe of thefe nefts fhould not have found a way to our tables: as yet being fo fcarce in England as to be kept as rarities in the cabi- nets of collectors. The bird itfelf, at Sumatra, 1s known by the name of Layong- layong *. La grande Hirondelle brune 4 ventre tacheté ou L’Hirondelle des blés, Buf. WHEA’ a sw. vif. vi. p. 694% L’Hirondelle de L’Ifle Bourben, P/. ex/. 544. fz. a variety. NIZE of the Swift: Bill black: the plumage above blackifh: Description. brown; beneath grey, marked with longitudinal brown {pots : : tail even at the end: legs black. This inhabits the [fe of France; frequenting places. fown with: Ppace ano wheat, and glades of woods; affecting elevated fituations, and Manners. frequently feen perched on trees and ftones: follows herds of cat-- tle for. the fake of flies. which furround them,,and_ not: unfre- quently .feen.in the wake of fhips in great numbers, in the road: near the ifle, no doubt for the fame purpofe.. Frequently ob-- ferved of evenings about the clefts in the mountains, where it is faid to pafs the night; and to make the nefts of f{traw and fea- thers ; laytng two eggs, of a grey colour, dotted with brown. This bird is known in the Ife of France.by the name of Hiron-- delle des bles, or Wheat Swallow. That. mentioned above, in the Planches enluminées, differs a 2 Hiflary of Sumatra. little ;. 582 30. GREY-KRUMPED SW. DESCRIPTION. PracE anpD MANNERS, 31. RUFOUS- RUMPED SW. DescRiPTION. Si Wer Ae Tar Tee OVE ANE, little; for the top of the head, wings, and tail, are blackifh brown; the three outer tail feathers tipped with dirty white, and bordered with greenith brown: the reft of the upper parts are of this laft colour: the under parts grey, longitudinally dafhed with brown. La petite Hirondelle noire 4 Croupion gris, Buf. oi/. vi. p. 696. Hirondelle de Bourbon, PJ. ex/. 544. f. 2. ENGTH four inches and a quarter: upper parts of the body blackifh: rump and under parts whitifh, or grey. Inhabits the L/le of France; but is not a numerous fpecies. Found chiefly in the neighbourhood of frefh waters: flies fwift : feldom feen to perch; fuppofed to reft in the woods at night, as it is feen about the fkirts of them towards evening. It is gene- rally very lean, and not good food. One brought from India by M. Sonuerat, which feemed to be- long to this fpecies, had the under parts ftreaked like the Wheat Swallow ; and the colour of the upper parts, as well as fize, the fame, only the wings exceeded the tail in length by more than an inch and a half. L’Hirondelle 4 Croupion roux & Queue carrée, Buf. oif. vi. p. 698. EN GTH fix inches and a half. The upper parts of the plumage blackifh brown, with a glofs of both greenifh and blue: the rump and vent rufous, mixed with a little white: quills whitifh within: under parts of the body dirty white: tail even, 7 Found | §s WA LLO W. Found on the borders of the river Plate, in South America, in May. A variety of this had the throat rufous,.and more white than. rufous on the rump and under tail coverts, and no white on the quills ;. and the tail a rifle forked. Hirundo pelafgia, Lin. Sy/f.i..p. 345¢ N° 10 L?Hirondelle de la Caroline, Brif. orm. ii. p.501. N°g. Buf. oi/. vi. p. 7000 American Swallow, Care/bs Car. 4p. pl. 8.—Ar&. Zool. Br. Muf. Lev. Muf. LE SS than the Chimney Swallow: length four inches and a quarter. Bill brown: plumage above brown; beneath the fame, but paler: the throat whitifh: all the tail feathers termi- nated by a bare-pointed fhaft. Inhabits Carolina and Virginia in the fummer-time ; and builds in chimnies.. L’Hirondelle brune acutipenne de la Leuifiane, Buf. oif. vi. p. 699. L’Hirondelle 4 queue pointue de la Louifiane, P/. enl. 726. 2. Louifiane Swallow, 4r&. Zool. IZE of the laft: plumage in general brown: throat and fore part of the neck dirty white, fpotted with greenifh brown: tail pointed,.as the laft.. Hirondelle 583 PLacs. 32. ACULEATED SW. DeseripTion: PLACE. 32 ant A. DEscRIPTIONs 584 SogW eh DL oo Oe WwW. Vv 5 B Hirondelle acutipenne de Cayenne, Buf. off. vi. p. 701.--Pé. enl, 726. f. te ARe ° UEUS SOL LENGTH above four inches and a half. Above blueifh brown: rump grey: throat and fore part of the neck rufous grey. Inhabits Cayenne and Guiana, but feldom near inhabited places ; PLACE. nor is it known whether it would build in chimnies or not, as there are none in thofe places. 33: L’Hirondelle noire acutipenne de la Martinique, Buf. oi/. vi. p. 702.— SHARP- et amaer Pl. enl. 544. £. 1. Daccareerou GIZE of a Wren: \ength three inches eight lines. Above black: throat brownifh grey: the reft of the under parts dull brown? bill and legs brown: the ends of the tail feathers pointed, as in the laft fpecies. Some have the under parts of the body of a reddifh brown. Puace. Inhabits Martinico ; and is one of the {malleft of this fpecies. 34. Hirundo apus, Lin. Syf. is p. 344. N° 6.—Scop. ann. 1. p. 166. N° 251.— + SWIFT. Kram. el. pe 380. N° 3.— Brun. p. 74. N° 292.—Raii Syx. p. 72- A. 4.—Frifch. t. 17.—Muller, N° 290.—Georgi Reifey p. 17.5 Le Martinet, Bri/. ors. ii. p. 512. N° 15. noir, Buf. of. vi. p. 643. ‘Le Grand Martinet, Pé/. exl. 542. f. 1. Black Martin, or Swift, Rati Syn. p. 72. A. 4.—Will. orn. p. 214. te 39.— Albin. ii. pl. 55.—Br. Zool. i. N° 171.—Ard. Zool. Br. Muf. Lev. Muf. eee DescriPTIon, HIS is a large fpecies, being near eight inches long: its “weight only one ounce. The bill is black: irides hazel: 8 -colour SU WEUA IRIAN: 01 NW%s colour of the whole plumage footy black, except the chin, which is white : the wings are very long, meafuring, from tip to tip, no lefs than eighteen inches: the feet very fhort; and the toes all placed forwards: the tail is forked; the outer feather exceed- ing the middle ones by an inch, or more: legs and claws blackifh. The female is rather lefs; the plumage inclined more to brown; and the white on the throat lefs diftinct. This is a fummer inhabitant of thefe kingdoms. It comes the lateft, and departs the fooneft, of any of the tribe; not always ftaying till the middle of 4ugu?; and often not arriving before- the beginning of May. Thefe love to build in elevated places, the more fo the better ; fuch as /teeples, lofty towers, and fuch-like ; making in the cavi- ties of thefe their neft. Are fuppofed to return to the fame places year after year. Only hatch once ina year. For the moft part lay five white eggs, rather of a longifh form. Their food, flies, moths, and other winged infects: and as they are apt to catch at every thing on the wing, many have caught them by a bait of a Cockchafer tied to a thread, which they have fwallowed as freely a fith their’s. In the [le of Zant, the boys are faid to get on an elevated place, and merely with a hook baited with a feather, have caught five or fix dozen of thefe birds ina day*. They chiefly fly morning and evening, lying in their holes during the heat of the day; probably not being able to endure heat any more than cold. Befides our ifland, they are knojato inhabit the whole of the © Hip. des cif. Vou. IL 4F Muropean 585 FEMALe, PLace anp Manners. 536 ace CHINESE SWIFT. DescripTion. PLACE. 26. 4- WHITE-BEL- LIED SWIFT. DescaiPrion, S°WoA L L OW. European continent; and have alfo been noticed at the Cape of Good Hope*, and Carolina in North America +. ence, mott likely, a general inhabitant of both the old and new con- tinents. Le Grand Martinet de la Chine, Sox. Voy. Ind. vol. ii, p. 199 HI IS is eleven inches and a half in length. The bill and irides blueifh grey ; the bill is fhort, and broad at the bafe : wings long: the legs fhort: the tail forked, and as long as the wings: the top of the head is pale rufous: the throat white : the hind part of the neck, back, wings, and tail, brown: over the eye is a ftreak of brown, pafling beyond it, and blending with the general colour of the neck: the breaft and belly are of a very pale rufous grey: the eye furrounded with white feathers: legs blue grey {. Inhabits China. Hirundo Melba, Liz. Sy. i. ps 345. N° rr. -— alpina, Scop. ann.i. p. 166. N° 252. La Grande Hirondelle d’Efpagne, Brif. orz. ite p. 504. N° 1%. Le Grand Martinet a ventre blanc, Buf. oi/. vi. p. 660. Greateft Martin, or Swift, Edw. i. pl. 27. ENGT H eight inches and a half: weight two ounces five drams, Bill half an inch, fomewhat bent,, and. black : * Kolben. + Law/fon. t It is not faid whether all the toes are placed as in the laft fpecies, though we fhould fuppofe it to be fo from the name.. sit irides Sy Wo A Lk OV Ws irides brown: the upper parts of the body grey brown; wings and tail deepeft, with a glofs of red and green in fome lights: throat, breaft, and belly, white: on the neck a collar of grey brown, mixed with blackifh: fides dufky and white mixed: lower part of the belly and under tail coverts the fame as the back: legs flefh-colour, and covered with feathers on the fore part and infide: all the toes placed forward, as in our Sawift. This bird inhabits the mountainous parts of Spain; building in the holes of rocks. Found alfo on the borders of the Rhéze, in Savoy, ifle of Malta, alps of Switzerland, and rock of Gibraltar *. It differs in the wings being longer in proportion, and having only ten feathers in the tail y. This comes into Savoy the beginning of Apri/, and frequents the ponds and marthes for fifteen or twenty days; after which it retires to the mountainous parts to breed. Flies higher than our Swift, and feeds on the fame food. Its flefh is accounted a de- licate morfel. This fpecies is not numerous. Scopoli fays, it builds on the fummit of the mountains of Tyrol. Le Martinet 4 Collier blanc, Buf. vif. vi. p. 671. ——_—_——- — ——— de Cayenne, PI. en], 725. f. 2. IZE of the Martin: length five inches and a quarter, or more. Bill fix or feven lines; colour black: the head is black: chin and’ throat white, paffing from the laft in a narrow collar round the neck: between the bill and eye is a ftreak of white, which forks off into two; one paffing a little above and the * At Aleppo.—See Hift, Aleppo, p. 70. t Aift. des vif. Pha) ether PLACE AND MANNERS. BYO - WHITE-COL: LARED SW. DescRIPTION: 588 soW A LL OUW. other a little way beneath the eye: reft of the plumage black, with a glofs of violet; but the greater coverts, neareft the body, are brown, edged with white: on each fide of the lower belly, and over the thighs, white: the quills and tail are black; the laft forked: legs black : all the four toes placed before, as in our Swift, and covered with feathers to the claws, This bird makes its neft in the houfes at Cayenne. It is of a large fize, in fhape of a truncated cone; five inches one way, by three the other, and nine inches in length. It is compofed of the down of dogs-bane, well wove together; the cavity divided obliquely about the middle, lengthways, by a partition, which fpreads itfelf over that part of the neft where the eggs lie, which is pretty near the bafe: a fmall parcel of the fame foft down, forming a kind of plug, is placed over the top, ferving to keep the young brood from the impreffion of the air; from which we may fuppofe them to be very tender. GENUS [ 589 ] Genus XLV. GOATSUCKER, N°’ r. Grand G. N° g. Guiana G. 2. Jamaica G. 10. Brafilian G. 3. Grey G. 11. White-collared G. 4. Carolina G. 12. White-necked G. 5. European G. 13. Sharp-tailed G. 6. Virginia G. 14. American G. 7. White-throated G. 15. Gold-collared G. 8. Rufous G. HE bill in this genus is very fhort, and hooked at the end. Gape vaftly wide: on the edges of the upper mandible feven or more {tiff briftles. Tongue {mall; entire at the end. The tail confifts of ten feathers, and not forked. Legs fhort: toes united by a membrane as far as the firft joint; the claw of the middle toe broad edged, and in moft of the fpecies ferrated *. But one of the genus inhabits the whole of the old continent and its contiguous iflands: all the others are natives of the new. The manners of them not greatly differing from thofe of the European {pecies. * In the two firft fpecies it is not fo; and in fome of the others the circum fiance is doubtful, at leaft it is not mentioned. Le 55° Ie GRAND G. DEsCRIPTIONe PLACE. GOA Te SU. Crk EER: Le Grand Tette-chevre tacheté du Bréfil, Bri. orz. ii.-p. 485. 7 Le Grand Ibijau, Buf. cif. vie p. 541. i Crapaud volant de Cayenne, Pi. ent. 325. Ibijau, American Goatfucker, Raii Syx. p. 27. N° 2. —= Will, orn. p. 108. - pl. 14. (the arger /pecies) bad figure. Lev. Muf S IZE of a fmall Buzzard: length twenty-three inches and a half. Bill, to the end of the gape, three inches; width of the gape the fame: noftrils not perceivable,. the bill being co- vered almoft to the tip with hairs: the plumage is cream-colour on the upper parts of the body, minutely dotted with brown, and ftriped with the fame down the fhafts: on the fcapulars much white, efpecially on the inner parts of them: outer ridge of the wing brown; the wings reach almoft to the end of the tail : quills deep brown, a little barred with white on each fide; fhafts black: tail eleven inches long, rounded at the end; colour brown, croffed with feven or eight narrow bars of dotted white : legs brown, covered with feathers almoft to the toes: the middle - claw not ferrated. Inhabits Cayenne. One in poffeffion of Sir A. Lever. This feems to be longer than that of Buffon by an inch and a half. He mentions one that had the breaft brownifh; perhaps differing in fex from the above-defcribed. This is faid to keep within the hollow of fome decayed tree in the day-time, and frequents fuch as are near the water. It is by far the largeft of its race, and, like all the reft, folitary. Buffon's Grand Ibijau is reprefented in Marcgrave as having a 9 creft es Tithe tie, ned bal PAU ee ze we Samatca ao Gia s Mis oO K BR, 59% creft as well as a horn on the head, and has been fo copied by Willaghby; but, as we cannot rely on Marcgrave’s figures for fidelity, we may venture to fuppofe it no other than the above- defcribed. Le Guira-querea, Buf. oif. vi. p. 536.—Raii Syx. p. 180. 2. A Wood Owl, Sloan. Fam. ii. p. 295. + JAMAICA G. Mountain Owl, Broun, Fam. p. 473. Px. LVII. Lev. Muf. IZE of the Long-eared Owl: length fixteen inches*. Bill, Description. from the tip to the extent of the gape, two inches and a quar- ter; the end of the bill, for a quarter of an inch or more, much bent downwards, and black ; the end of the under mandible is alfo bent downward, to correfpond when fhut: noftrils covered with feathers: the irides are reddith yellow; and the eyes are furrounded with a difk of feathers not unlike thofe of Owls: the upper parts of the head, neck, and body, are compofed of a mixture of ferruginous and black, ftreaked longitudinally: the wing coverts are partly deep brown, and partly ferruginous and brown mixed, many of them irregularly dotted with blackihh ; and fome of the inner ones have a mixture of white: the quills are of a deep black brown, marked on the outer edge with eight er nine white fpots: the tail is feven inches long,, cinereous, dotted with black, and croffed with feven or eight bars of black brown: the legs pretty large, feathered to the toes, which are yellow: claws black; the middle toe not ferrated. Inhabits Jamaica, but is faid not to be very common there. Peace. * Sloane's bird meafured eighteen. ~ = The $92 GO AVES! U: CRED RR, ‘The circle of feathers round the eyes gives it the appearance of an Owl, whence S/oane has not unaptly given it that name. It inhabits woods, and lives on infects. GREY G. L’Engoulevent pris, Buf. oif. vi. p. 548. DescriPrion. ENGTH thirteen inches. Bill twenty lines long; brown above, and yellowith beneath : general colour of the plumage grey: wings dufky black, barred with pale grey : tail more than five inches long, of a brownith grey, barred with brown, and very little longer than the wings. PLAce. Inhabits Cayenue. as Le Tette-chevre de la Caroline, Bri/: orn. ii. p. 475. 26 CAROLINA G. L’Engoulevent de la Caroline, Buf. oif. vi. p. 532. Carolina Goatfucker, Carefb. Car. i. pl. 8. Rain Bird, Brown. Fam. p. 467. DiscRipTion. IZ E of our Goatfucker: length eleven inches and a quarter. Bill dufky: along the edge of the upper mandible ftiff briftles : the upper parts of the head, neck, and body, are tranf- verfely variegated with zig-zag alternate lines of dufky and grey; the crown has alfo fome fpots of this laft colour; and on the wings are both fpots and longitudinal yellowifh and dufky ftreaks: the fides of the head, and all the under parts, rufous grey, marked with longitudinal blackifh lines: from the gape of the mouth along the jaw, on each fide, is a white ftreak ; beneath this a few yellowifh fpots: quills barred, dufky and grey, and {potted with yellow on the outer webs: on the inner web of the three firft Gore Hwee © E ER firit a large white fpot ; the fecond quill the longeft: tail grey, four inches in length, croffed with dufky bands and lines: legs brown: claws black; the middle one ferrated. ‘This inhabits Virginia and Carolina, and, like the reft, appears only in the evening, or when the fky, being obfcured with clouds, betokens rain: hence the name of Rain-bird has been given to it. It is faid to lay the eggs on the ground, and that they are not unlike thofe of the Lapwing. : Caprimulgus Europeus, Lin. Sy. i. p. 345.—Scop. ann. i. N° 254.— Kram. el. p. 281 *.—Muller, p. 34. N° 291.—Georgi Reife, p. 175.— Frifch. t. 101. Tette-chevre, ou Crapaud volant, Bri/. orn. ii. p. 470. N° 1. pl. 44. L’Engoulevent, Buf. of. vi. p. 512. Caprimulgus, Fern-owl, Churn-owl, ‘or Goatfucker, Rati Syn. p. 26.— Will. orn. p. 107.—Albin, pl. 10.—Borl. Hif?. Cornw. pl. 24. f. 13. Dorr Hawk, Night Jarr, or Night Hawk, Charlet. ex. 71. N° 8. Nournal Goatfucker, Br. Zool. N° 172. pl. 172.—Aré. Zool. Br. Muf. Lev. Muf. "T HE length of this bird is ten inches and a half: weight two ounces and a half. The bill very fhort; gape wide: the plumage can fcarce be well defcribed; the ground-colour is almoft black, but moft beautifully diverfified with cinereous, ‘dark brown, ferruginous, and white, in various manners: the tail is four inches long: the legs are fhort, feathered much below the knee, and appear rough or fcaly: the toes connected toge- ther on each fide by a flight membrane; the middle claw fer- rated. * He calls it, Hirundo cauda integra, ore fetis ciliato, after the firft edition -of the Fauna Suecica, Vou, Il. 4G The 593 PLlacE AND Manners. + EUROPEAN DESCRIPTION. 594 Pace AND Manness. GOATSUCKER. The male has an oval fpot of white on the inner webs of the three firft quill feathers, and another at the ends of the two outer- moft feathers of the tail: and the plumage in general more bright than in the female. This bird is the only one of the genus which is found in Europe, throughout which it is every where met with, though no where very numerous, nor ever known to unite into flocks. It has been obferved likewife to inhabit both 4fa and Africa*. Te ufually arrives in England the latter end of May, and ftays with us in the more fouthern parts till about the end of September. It lives in. woods, for the moft part, and feeds on infeéts, which it collects on the wing in the dufk of the evening and morning; hike the Ow/, retiring into fome dark recefs during the day, as, like that bird, it fees beft only during twilight ; not but it has been noticed in the day-time on the wing, but only when difturbed, or in-exceeding gloomy weather. It is found to be a great deftroyer of the Cockchafer, or Dor Beetle. I remember once to have found fix of the laft whole, befides four or five large- bodied moths, in the ftomach of one of thefe on diffection+. As to its fucking the teats of Goats, which the antients fuppofed it to do, it is fcarce worth mentioning, except it be to ridicule even the idea of the circumftance. The notes are of two kinds, the one like the letter R, continually repeated, or, as fome liken it, to the quick rotation of a /pinning-wheelt; the other a fharp fqueak, frequently repeated. The firft it begins in the * Alfoin India. M. Sonnerat met with one on the coaft of Coromandel. + Other authors have likewife. mentioned circumftances fomewhat fimilars See Hif?. des otf. vi. p. 516. note (a). { Hence the name of Wheel-bird. 10 dufk Gio AT Seu C KER dufk ofthe evening, fitting on a dead branch, with the head lowermoft, for what end not known; the other fuppofed to be acall of love, as it is-obferved to utter it when in purfuit of the female. The laft makes no neft, but lays her eggs on the bare ground, or loofe crag, without feeming care. They are ufually two in number, of a dufky white, blotched with blueifh brown. She is faid alfo to move the eggs to a more fecure place, if at any time they are difturbed. It has been obferved that the bird perches /engthwife* on the branch, not acrofs, as moft birds are known to do. Caprimulgus Europeus 8. Lin. Sy. i. p. 346. Tette-chevre de Virginie, Brif. orn. ii.p. 477- N° 3. Whip-poor-will, Buf. cif. vi. p. 534.—Cate/>. Car. vol. ili. pl. 16.—Edw, ii. pl. 63.—Kalm Trav. ii. p. 151.—Aré. Zool. » Br. Muf. Lev. Mu. THIS is lefs than our fpecies, and only eight inches in length. ‘The bill to the gape nine lines and a half, and befet with briftles: all the upper parts of the body are of a dull brown, tranfverfely variegated and blended with rufous brown, with here and there a mixture of afh-colour, and a little portion of grey on the wings: above the eyes on each fide, and behind the neck, a few orange fpots: under the eyes cinereous brown: on the chin a white triangular {pot, mottled with orange at the under part; the reft of the parts beneath reddifh white, croffed with dufky ftreaks : quills dufky ; the five firft marked about the middle with a fpot of white, occupying both webs, except on * Hift. des cif: 4G2 the $95 6. + VIRGINIA G; DEscRaFTION. 596 PLACE. 7° WHITE- THROATED G. DescriPTIon, G@GATS UC EB EVE the firft, in which it is feen only on the inner = tail. not unlike: the quills; the two-outer feathers marked with a fpot of white: near the end: legs flefh-colour; middle claw ferrated. This fpecies inhabits Virginia in fummer ; arrives there to- wards the middle of April, and frequents the mountainous parts,. but will frequently approach the houfes of evenings, where it fettles on a rail or poft, and cries for feveral times together very loud, fomewlhiat like the word whiperiwhip, or whip-poor-will, the firft and laft fyllables. pronounced the loudeft. After conti- nuing in one place for fome time, it flies to another,. and does- the fame ; fometimes four or five cry all together: this noife it: begins juft after fun-fet,.and continues at intervals till juft before fun-rife. It does not catch infects always on the wing, for it: frequently. fits upon a convenient place, and leaps up after them. as they fly by, and returns to the fame fpot again. It makes no- neft, but lays the eggs, which are two in number, and of a dull: green with dufky fpots and ftreaks,, on the bare ground in the- open fields. ‘The fiefh is faid to be good to eat *. ENGTH ten inches and a quarter. Bill brown, with a: black tip; noftrils rather prominent: plumage rufous brown, dotted with black : head ftreaked with the black: upper. part of the body the fame, but more obfcure: the fcapulars, and: moft of the outer wing coverts,. have a black band near the end,. and the tips yellowith buff: leffer quills fpotted with rufous. cream-colour on the outer web; the greater dufky black, crofled v Kali about OGAT SU C Ke Kir about the middle with a white bar: tail fomewhat cuneiform; the four middle feathers like the back, and croffed with dufky bars ;. the next on each fide white; the laft but one white on the inner web, and dufky black on. the outer, but near the bafe is a white fpot; the outer feather dufky black, but white on the inner web near the bafe: the under parts are pale brown croffed with dufky lines: on the throat is a large triangular white mark, each feather of which is fringed with dufky : legs brown: mid-- dle toe very long, and: greatly ferrated. : In the collection of Major Davies; fuppofed to have come. from Cayenne. Y’Engeulevent roux de Cayenne; Buf. off. vi. p. 550.) Crapaud-volant, ou Tette-chevre de Cayenne, P/. enl. 735.- TENGTH ten inches and-a half. Bill pale brown, and _ twenty-one lines. in.length : irides yellow: the plumage in general rufous, irregularly marked with black in different fhades : the upper parts of the body are ftreaked longitudinally, mixed with irregular and oblique markings of this laft colour, and the wings are tranfverfely banded with the fame: the throat is croffed with tranfverfe lines; beneath the body the fame, but the lines encreafe in breadth as they pafs backwards :: the upper part of the belly inclines much to black, the lower:'to rufous: the quills are barred alternate rufous and black: the tail banded with black, and exceeds the wings: by half an inch; befides which there are afew fpots of white, irregularly fcattered on the plumage. both above and beneath: the legs are flefh-colour.. Inhabits Cayenne, . Le. $97 PLAce, 8. RUFOUS G. DeEscRIPTION. Prace, §98 9. GUIANA G. Descriprion. PLACE. 10. BRASILIAN G. DESCRIPTION? G O VAT. S U © Kerr Le Montvoyau de la Guiane, Buf. cif. vi. p. §49¢ Tette-chevre roux de la Guiane, P/. exl. 733. ENGTH nine inches. Bill above three quarters of an inch, and befet with briftles: general colour of the plumage fulvous, with an irregular mixture of rufous throughout: on the top of the head, and hind part of the neck, the ftreaks are longitudinal, but on the upper part of the back oblique, as well as mixed with fpots of an irregular fhape on the reft of the upper parts, with a greyifh tinge: the under parts are not much unlike the upper; but the markings for the moft part placed tranfverfely : from the gape arifes a band of white, which pafles along the jaw, and under the throat: the quills are black ; the five or fix firft marked with a white fpot: the tail is three inches long, and exceeds the wings by one inch. This inhabits Guiana, and is found among the fhrubs in the evenings. It is faid to repeat the three fyllables eee aa very diftinétly, whence the name given to it. In the Britifo Mufeum is a bird much refembling the above ; it is ten inches in length, and has the white collar round the throat ; befide which there is a cream-coloured bar on fix of the tail feathers near the end. Le Téte-chevre tacheté du Brefil, Brif. orn. ii. p. 483. 6. L’Ibijau, Buf. cif. vi. p. 539.—Petiv. Gaz, pl. 59. f. 1.—Raié Sya. ps 270 Ze —Will, orn. p. 108. pl. 14. (the lefer fpecies) bad figure. IZE of a Swallow. Bill and eyes blackifh, furrounded outwardly with a ring of yellowifh white: the upper parts ef GOATS UCKER. of the plumage blackifh, marked with {mall white dots mixed with a little yellow: the under parts are alfo variegated with black and white: wings and tail even: legs white: the middle claw ferrated on the outer edge. This inhabits Braf/. It is faid frequently to fpread out the tail in the fhape of a fan. , Le petit Engoulevent tacheté: de Cayenne, Buf: oi/: vi. p. 540.—PI. ent. 73.40 599 PLACE. If. WHITE- : COLLARED G. IZE of the laft: length eight inches. General colour of the Dzscrirtion. plumage blackifh, fpotted with rufous and grey: on the fore part of the neck a half collar of white: the under parts more inclined to brown than in the laft-defcribed. Inhabits Cayenne. L’Engoulevent de Cayenne, Buf. oi. vi. p. 545. Crapaud volant de Cayenne, PJ. en. 760. ENGT H feven inches anda half, Bill black: irides yel- low: the head is grey, marked with fine lines. of black, and tinged with rufous: hind part of the neck the fame, but more diftiné&t: fides of the head rufous, each marked with five ftripes of black: throat, and fore part of the neck, white: back ru- fous, croffed with black ftripes: wing coverts mixed with grey and black: breaft and belly the fame, but more regularly marked, and interfperfed with a few {pots of white: lower belly and thighs whitifh, {potted with black: on the wings a bar of white : quills black; the firft five marked with a white fpot: the two middle feathers of the tail grey, crofied with five or fix blackifh. - Pace. 12. WHITE- NECKED G. DESCRIPTION» “600 PLAacE AND MANNERS. 130 SHARP-T AILED DescriPTion. PLACE. T4o AMERICAN G, DESCRIPTION. GO ArT Ss /U AC AK VE eR: blackifh bands ; the others black, bordered with white, which takes up moft fpace on the outer feathers: legs yellow brown. Inhabits Cayenne, where it is found in the plantations: fre- quently quivers the wings, and utters a weak cry, which has been compared to that of a toad; though it has alfo another ind of noife, not unlike the barking of a dog. It is not very fhy, for it will fuffer one to come very near before it will fly away, and when difturbed perches again at no great diftance. It is not a rare fpecies. L’Engoulevent acutipenne de la Guiane, Buf. oif. vi. p. §47.—Pl. enl. 732. EN GT H feven inches and a half. Bill black: the top of the head and neck tranfverfely ftriped with rufous brown, and black: fides of the firft the fame, but moft inclined to rufous: back grey, croffed with black ftripes : beneath the fame, but the ground-colour rufous : tail a trifle longer than the wings; pale rufous, dotted with black, and barred at the end with the fame, but the black bar is edged on the upper part with white: legs black. Inhabits Guiana. Caprimulgus Americanus, Liz. Syf.i. p. 346. 2 Le Tette-chevre de la Jamaique, Bri/. orn. ii. p. 480. 4.- L’Engoulevent a lunettes, ou le Haleur, Buf. of. vi. p.-543- Small Wood-owl, Raid Sy. p. 130. 4.—Sloan. Fam. p. 296. pl. 255. f. 1 Screech-owl, Brown. Fam. p: 473+ ENGTH feven inches; breadth ten*. Bill black, befet with briftles; the noftrils very prominent, ftanding out ® Sloane. —Briffon fays that it is eleven inches long. Perhaps S/oane’s meafure might only extend to the bafe of the tail. 3 froma G2 Or A hese ack ER, 601 from it one-eighth of an inch: the plumage confifts of a mixture of grey, black, and fillemot-colour, paleft en the wings and tail: legs and claws grey. Inhabits amaica, and feeds on infects as the others. Pace. \ Tette-chevre du Brefil, Bri. ora. ii. p. 481. Guira querea, Maregr. Raii Syn. p, 27- 3.—VWill. orn. p. 108. pl. 14. (fig, bad.) ahs 15. GOLD.COL- LARED G. IZE of a Lark in the body, but appears much larger, and has long wings and tail. Upper mandible of the bill hooked ; bafe of it befet with ten or twelve thick briftles: eyes black: - the head large, flat, and broad : general colour of the plumage cinereous brown, marked with fpots of a dull yellow, as well as fome whitifh ones round the neck: behind the head a dark eold-coloured ring; the two middle tail feathers are eight inches in length; the others much fhorter: legs. dufky :- claws black ; the middle one ferrated. | inhabits Brafl, Pace. DescRIPTION. Vor, If. 4H ‘ORDER [ 602 ]j OrpvpeER IV. COLUMBINE# Genus XLVI. PIGEON. * WITH MODERATE TAILS. N° 1. Stock P.. Var. T. Turner P, 2. White-rumped P. —— V. Spot P. Var. A. Bifet P. N° 3. Partridge P. ———B. Rock P. 4 Tetraoid P. ——C. Roman P.. §- White-crowned P, =-——D. Rough-footed P. 6. White-winged P. ——E. Crefted P. 7. Martinico P.. ——F. Norway P. Var. A. ——QG. Barbary P. §. White-bellied P: ——H. Jacobine P. g. Great-crowned P. —— |. Laced P. 10. Leffer-crowned P:. ——K. Turbit P. Var. A.. ——L. Shaker P. 11. Grey-headed P: ——M. Fumbler P. 12. Pompadour P. —-— N. Helmet P. 13. Garnet-winged P.. ——O. Perfian P. 14. Green-winged P. ——P. Carrier P. 15. Purple-crowned P.. ——Q. Powter P. 16. Jamboo P. = —— R. Horfeman P. 17.. Red-crowned P. —— S. Smiter P. 18. Purple P. + As this Order contains but one Gevus, and that well known, it is unnee- ceffary to enlarge upon it ; what has been faid in the Gen. of Birds on this head: being quite fufficient. 19: Purple-. 62. 63. [ 603 ] Purple-breafted P. . Parrot P. . Aromatic P. . St. Thomas’s P. . Hook-billed P. . Ferruginous-vented P. . Mexican P. . Black-{potted P. . White-fhouldered P. . Blue P. » Ring P. . Nutmeg P. Var. A. . White Nutmeg P. . Triangular-fpotted P. . Ring-tailed P. . New-Zealand P. Madagafcar P. Var. A. . Hackled P. . Spotted Green P, . Nicobar P. » Scallop-necked P. . Common Turtle. Var. A. Spotted-necked T. Var. B. Portugal T. Ke . Paffenger P. Carolina P. Marginated T, N° 41. 42. 64. 65. 66. 4H 2 60. Var. C. Luzonian T. Var. D. Chinefe T. Surinam T. Collared T. Var. A.Chinefe Grey T, Var. B. Hybridal T. Striated T. . Barred T. Blue-headed T. « Surat ia . Cambayan T. - Malabar T. . Green T. . Black-capped T. . Javan T. » Blue-crowned T, . Senegal T. - Collared Senegal T. » African T. . Red-breafted T. . Sanguine T. . Canada T. Ground T. Var. A. Pafferine T. Malacca T. WITH LONG TAILS. Amboina T. Cape T. Great-tailed T. THE qT. +- STOCK P. DescriPrion, POluG.. E-OUN, (HE bill in this genus is weak, flender, ftrait at the bafe, with a foft protuberance, in which the noftrils are lodeed. Tongue entire. Legs fhort, and red for the moft part: toes divided to the origin, General manners well known; fcarcely diffimilar to thofe re- marked under the head of Bi/et. Columba znas, Lin, Sy/?. i. p. 279. 1. @.—Faux. Suec. N° 207.—Frifch. t. 139.——-Georg? Reise, p. 173. Le Pigeon fauvage, Brif. orn. i. p. 86. N° s. Oenas, five Vinago, Stock Dove, Raii Syn. p. 62. A. 10.—Will. orn. p. 185. pl. 35.—Aldia, ii. pl. 46.—Br. Zool. v. 2. App.—ArG. Zool, Lev. Mu/f. . ENGTH fourteen inches. The bill pale red: head ath- coloured: hind part of the neck, and fides, green gold, eloffed with copper in different lights: the upper part of the back and wings dull afh-colour: the lower part of the back, rump, and upper tail coverts, lighter afh-colour: fore part of the neck afh-colour; the lower part of it, and the breaft, vinaceous : belly, thighs, and under tail coverts, pale afh-colour: the four or five outer quills are black, with the exterior edges white ; the reft afh-colour, with the ends black: on each wing are two tranf- verfe bars of black: the tail is afh-colour, with one-third of the end black ; two of the outer tail feathers white from the bafe to the middle on the outer edge: the legs are red: the claws black. Columbo Pal Gee O Nv Columba cenas, Liz. Sy/t. i. p. 279. 1.—Faun. Suec. N° 207.—Scop. anm is N° 177. Le Pigeon domeftique, Brif. orz. i. p. 68. 1. Common Pigeon, Raii Syn. p. 59. A. 1. 183. 21.—Will. orn. p. 180.—Sloan. Fam. P. 302.—Brown. Fam. p. 468.—Albin. iii. pl. 42. 44.—Br. Zool, N° ror. pl. 45. Lev. Muy. HIS is fomewhat lefs than the former, and feems to differ chiefly in having the lower part of the back white. Le Bifet, Brif. orn. i. p. 82. 3.—Buf. oif. ii. p. 498.—PI, exl. 510. Columba Livia, Raii Syx. p. 62..8.—Will. orn. p. 186. Stock Dove, .4/éin. iii. pl. 44. HIS is the fize of the laft, and has alfo the lower part of the back white: it has two black bands acrofs the wings ; and one of the outer tail feathers white on the outer web. I can efteem it but a very trifling variety of the laft-defcribed, perhaps the identical bird. Wild Pigeons migrate in quantities into Eugland, at the ap- proach of winter, from the more northern regions, and return in fpring ; not but many remain among the rocks, ruined edifices, and mountains, in the more northern parts, the whole year, where they breed; though others frequent the woedy parts, building in the holes of decayed trees: hence they have been called. by the different names of Rock Pigeon, Stock Dove, Wood Pigeon, &c. The firft remove of the Pigeon from its wild ftate is to that of the Dove-houfe; where finding every convenience for building their neft at hand, added to their procuring food on much 9 eafier 2. + WHITE- RUMPED P. a DescRIPTION- 2. Var. A. BISET P.. DESCRIPTION. 606 PIG E O N. eafier terms than in their abfolutely wild ftate, they are for the moft part fatisfied with their fituation; yet thefe may be called but half domeflicated, as they vary but little in colour, and are very apt to return to fuch haunts as one may fuppofe them to ‘have firft poffeffed in their wild ftate. But it is far otherwife with what are called same Pigeons: thefe, looking only to their keeper for food, fearch no further ; nay, were they deprived of that, would be near perifhing for want, not being accuftomed to provide for themfelves. I mean here thofe kept by Pigeon fan- ciers, who teach them to bear the confinement of the houfe; and, finding therein plenty of meat and drink, they have no occafion to regret the want of liberty. Indeed there are many Pigeons kept by various people, which are called zame, but are not attended to with that degree of ftri€tnefs which the fancy Pigeons are; and though they may find fome food at home, yet are obliged to feek the remainder abroad. In its wild ftate the. Pigeon has two broods in a year, but in its firft ftate of confinement in the dove-houfe fometimes three ; and fo on in proportion, to their almoft total confinement, or domeftic ftate; for in this laft circumftance they lay fo often as ten and. even twelve times in a year. This, on confideration, will not appear fo wonderful as at firft might be imagined, as it alfo holds good in feveral kinds of poultry, the origin of which is well known not to vary in the wild ftate. But this is not all ; for it is to this ftate of domeftication, if I may fo call it, that we are indebted for all the varieties of the fineft fruit, luxuriant vegetables for the table, and variety without end of the flowering part of the creation; wholly occafioned by culture, and all of which will again degenerate, as well as thofe of the animal crea- tion, on their return to a ftate of nature. 83 Pigeons PIGEON. Pigeons feldom or never lay more than two eggs at a time; they fit from fourteen to feventeen days before the young are hatched ; and it is for the moft part obferved, that one proves a male, the other a female *. Befides their being efteemed as a delicacy for the table, they’ are valued on other accounts. Their dung is thought to be fo. good amendment for fome kinds of land, that it has been fetched fixteen miles, and a load of coals has been given for a load of it}: it is alfo ufed for tanning the upper-leathers of fhoes, as-well. as applied as a cataplafm to this day.. Indeed formerly /alz-petre was collected from it. The greateft ufe of Pigeons is at I/pahan -in Perfia,; where there are recorded to be above three thoufand. Pigeon-houfes, amd thefe kept by the Turks alone, as Chriftians: are not allowed to keep any {. Tavernier fays, that their dung is ufed to fmoke melons. The ufual way taken to entice Pigeons: to remain where they are intended, is to place what is called a falt-cat near them ; this is. compofed of Joam,. old. rubbifh, and falt, and will fo effeGtually anfwer the purpofe as to decoy them. from other places,. and is therefore held illegal. * Trifling as this number may appear, yet on fuppofition that we allow Pigeons, _ to-breed nine times in the year, the produce from a. fingle pair, at the end of. four years, may amount to the number of 14,762. See Amen. Ac. vol. ii. p, 32.—Siillingfleet’s Tras, 75.—Linnaus makes the number amount to more than 18,000. + Plat: - 1 Dr. Pococke mentions the frequency of Pigeon-houfes in Egypt; adding, that: the Pigeon-houfe is reckoned a great part:of the eftate of the hufbandman ; and the common proverb in thofe parts is, that a man who has a Pigeon-ou/e need not be careful about the.difpofal of his daughter. See Pococke’s Travels, vol. ie P» 210, pl. Bs. We. 607 608 me 10 GY Err Or N, We fhall notice below in brief many of the varieties of the Pigeon tribe; but whoever wifhes to read more, may confult Willughby’s Ornithology—Moore’s Columbarium—Treatife on Dome- Stic Pigeons, &c.; andin regard to the nature of them, efpecially what Bujfon fays on the fubject: for our part, we fear to have already exceeded our ufual ‘intention of brevity ; and therefore, waving all further account, return to our general defcriptions. 2. Le Pigeon de Roche, ou le Rocheraye, Brif. orn. i. ps 84. 4e Var. Be Columba rupicola, Rai Syx. p. 63. A. Ile ROCK P. : ; Rock Pigeon, Will. orz. p. 186. 9. Descrirrion: S IZE of the Bier, but is more inclined to afh-colour: the bands acrofs the wings are of a blackifh brown: and the quills brown, ; 2. Columba Hifpanica, Liz. Sy. i. p. 279. N° 2. Var. C. “Le Pigeon Romain, Brif. orn. i. p. 71. N° 2.—Buf. oif. ite p. 510.—=Pl. evel, ROMAN P. Nae Columba domeftica major, Raiz Syz. p, 60. N°1. Greater Tame Pigeon, Will. orn. p. 181. t. 33+ 346 Lev. Muf. DESCRIPTION. HIS meafures fifteen inches, and is double the fize of the Common Pigeon. It is defcribed as greatly varying in co- lour ; and is fuppofed by Briffon to-give rife to all the varieties found in the repofitories of our fanciers in this branch, Columba PIGEON, Columba dafypus, Lis. Sy. i. p. 279. N° 3.—-Frifch. t. 148: Le Pigeon patu, Brif. org. i. p.73. A. Rough-footed Dove, Will. orz. pl. 34. Lev. Muf. FPHIS differs merely in having the legs covered with long feathers quite to the toes. Le Pigeon hupé, Brif. orx. i. p. 73. Bu—Buf. off. ii. ps 510.—Frifch. t. 144. HIS is cfefted on the head, and has long feathers on the legs, as the laft. Le Pigeon de Norvege, Bri/: orn. i. p. 74. C. HIS has the head crefted ; and legs as in the two laft; but is almoft as big asa fow/, and wholly as white as /uow. Le Pigeon de Barbarie, Brif. orz. i. p. 74. D.—Buaf. oif. il. p. §19. 2° Barbary Pigeon, Raii Syx. p. 60. 8.—Will. orn. p. 182. 8. pl. 34+ Lev. Muf. HE bill in this is fhort ; and a broad circle of tuberculated meally red flefh furrounds the eyes: the irides are white : the plumage is blueifh, with two blackith {pots on each wing. To thefe are allied the Baftard Bills, which are larger; but have a fhorter bill and red eyes. The Mawmet, or Mahomet Pigeon, is alfo much the fame; dif- Vou. Il. 4 lI fering 609 Ze Var. D. ROUGH- FOOTED P. Descriprsos, 20 Var. E. CRESTED P. DEscRIPTION. 2. 'Var. F. NORWAY P. DescRiPTION. 2. Var. G; BARBARY P. DESCRIPTIONS 610. . Pal iG JE 70. iNe fering chiefly in the eyelids, which are large and black: the ge- neral colour cream or white, with two diftiné black bars acrofs. the wings. ; ' Ze Columba cucullata, Liz. Sy/. i. p. 280. 5.—Faun. Suec. N° 207. 6.—Frifch. Var. H. (ey NLKer + JACOBINEP. 7 Pigeon nonain, Brif. orz. i. p. 74. E.—Buf. os. ii. pl. 19. Jacobine, Raii Sys. p. 60.6. — Will. orn. p. 181. 6. pl. 33. — Albin. iit. pl. 43. Lev. Muf. DescriPT10N. B! IL fhort: the feathers of the hind part of the head and neck turn forwards, giving the appearance of a’cow!/. In the Leverian Mufeum is one of a dun colour. The Pigeons: called the Ruf, and Capuchin, belong to this variety. a Columba hifpida, Liz. Sy/. i. p. 280. 6. Var. E Le Pigeon frilé, Brif. orn. i. p. 76. Gi—Buf, ot/.ii. p. 519. 3>- LACED P. : Lev. Mu/. DESCRIPTION. HIS is white, all but the legs, which are red; and the fea- thers of the whole body loofe in their webs, and curled,, or frizzled. This variety, I believe, is called the Laced Pigeon. The Frill-back is alfo fomewhat like this; the tip of each feather being bent upwards. It is generally white. Columba. Rely Gre--O} N. 61r Columba turbita, Liz. Sy. i. p. 280. 7—Frifch. pl. 147. i Le Pigeon 4 gorge frifée, Bri/- orm i. p. 75. F. Vaz. K. —cravate, Buf. otf. ii. p. 513. pl. 23. TURBIT P. Turbit, Raii Sya. p. 60. N° 7.—Will. ora. p. 182. Lev. Muaf. HE bill is very fhore: crown of the head flat: it differs p,. eiprrow. from others.in having the feathers of the breaft refiected both ways. The Ow/ Pigeon alfo belongs to this, and has the breaft fea- thers the fame; but is rather lefs, and always of one colour, whereas the Zurbit is generally of two. Columba laticanda, Lin. Sy/.i. p. 280. 8.—Frifch. t. 1510 - Ze Le Pigeon Paon, Brif. orn. i. p. 80. P.—Buf. vif. ii. p. 512. pl. 22. eae aa Broad and Narrow-tailed Shakers, Rai Syx. p. 600 3. 4.—Will, orn. p. 181. Runes 3- 4. pl. 34. Br. Muf. Lev. Muf. HIS variety has a greater number of feathers in the tail*, Dzscreprione which it always carries erect; and is obferved frequently to fhake the head. This is alfo called the Fun-tail. The Narrow-tailed Shaker has fewer feathers in the tail +. Both vary much in colour. * Often as far as twenty-fix.—Wi7il. + Brif. orn. is p. 81s 412 Columba BRLGEO N. 612 Be Columba gyratrix, Liz. Spf. i. pe 28. 9:—Frifch. t, 148. MARE P. Le Pigeon culbutant, Buf, orn. i. P. 99. N.—Buf. oif. it. pe 517 Tumbler, Radi Syx. p. 61. 10.—W2/l, ort. p. 182. Zev. Muf. DescriPTION, HIS is a fimall Pigeon, and of various colours: the chief ~ difference from others is in frequently tumbling round while flying in the air, which they do by throwing themfelves. backwards. Of thefe the Almond Tumbler is moft valued*. They: are alfo called Clappers. 2 Columba Galeata, Lia. Sy/f. i. p. 280. 10. Hane > Le Pigeon cuiraflé, Bri/. orn. i. p. 80. O.—Buf. oif. ii. p. §15¢ i Helmet Pigeon, Rati Syx. p. 61. 11.—Will, orn. p. 182. 11. Description. N this the head, quills, and tail, are of one colour, and the reft of the body of a different one; but the colours themfelves. wary. a Columba turcica, Liz. Syf. i. p. 281. 11.—Frifchs te 149% Var. O. Le Pigeon turc, Brif. orn, i. p. 76. H. PERSIAN P. Turkith or Perfian Pigeon, Will. orn. pl. 33. DuscriPTIon, HIS is of a dufky colour. The bill yellow: the fpace- round the eye red: the noftrils. gibbous, and befet with red’ tubercles: legs of a pale red. * Eighty guineas have been given far one of thefe. Columba, Pp Gm aN Columba tabellaria, Zzz. Syf. i. p. 281. 12, Le Pigeon Mefflager, Brif: orn. ie p. 77+ I. Carrier Pigeon, Raji Syn. p. 60. 5. —Will. orn. p. 181. 5. pl. 34. — Aldine ii. pl. 45. ; Br. Muff. Lev. Muf. HIS is much like the laft in colour, and remarkable for being: extremely tuberculated about. the eyes. and bill: the irides fearlet: the legs red. This.fort was formerly made ufe of for carrying letters; now: greatly left off. This was effected eafily ;. for after one of thefe Pigeons had been-confined for fome time,. it was carried. to a dif-. tance and then let fly ; and never. failed to find its way home im- mediately ; flying in a direct line towards it, with the letter, which. was-confined under its.wing *.. Columba gutturafa, Lin. Syf. 1. p. 280; 4.—Faun. Suec. N° 207. y—LFrifch: t. 146.. Le Pigeon Grand gofier, Brif. orm i. p. 78. K. -——— — proffe gorge, Buf. cif. ii. p. 505. pl. 17- 18% Cropper Pigeon, Razi Syz. p. 60. 2.—Will, or. p. 1812.2. pl. 340 Lev, Muf,. IZE of the Roman Pigeon; and has.the faculty of filling its crop with wind, till it appears of a monftrous fize. It.varies rauch.. Buffox-records thirteen varieties. * Said to fly above twenty-fix-miles in am hour:-But Lithgow, in his Tra- wels, mentions a Pigeon which exceeded this; as it went from Badylon to Aleppo, which is thirty days journey, in the {pace of forty-eight hours !. The 613 2; Var. P; CARRIER P3. DescriPTions 2 Var. Q. POWTER P. Description. 614 Po GE) OCW: The Parazene, or Parifian Powter *, much efteemed ; the Crop- per, and Uploper, alfo belong to this variety. Le Pigeon Cavalier, Brif. orz. i. p. 78. Le Light Horfeman Pigeon, Raji Syn. p. 61. 12.—Will. orn. p. 182. 12.—Al- bin, tis ple 45. Zo Var. R. HORSEMAN P. Description. "T HESE partake of the two laft: are faid to be excellent breeders ; and never to forfake the place where bred. On this principle they become good carriers; and are oftener made ufe of in England than the ¢rue Carrier, as that bird is too much efteemed to rifk the lofs of it on every trifling account f. Le Pigeon batteur, Bri/. orz. i. p. 79. M. Vai S. Smiter Pigeon, Raii Syx. p. 60. 9.—Will. ore. p. 182. 9. | SMITER P. DescRiPTION. © defcription is given of this bird, fingular merely from its clapping the wings together during flight, fo as to be heard at fome diftance. vita rT. Turner Pigeon, Will, orz. ps 182. 14. “TURNER P. 9 eae HESE have a tuft of feathers hanging down backwards from the top of the head, like the mane of a horfe. To thefe are allied the Finnikins, which are very like, but lefs in fize. * Taventy Guineas to be given for a pair of Pozuters is not uncommon. + It is recorded of a Dragoon Pigeon, which is a breed between the Horfeman and Carrier, that it flew from Sz. Edmsndfbury to Bifbop/gate-frreet in two hours and a half, being feventy-two miles.—See Treat. on Domeft. Pigeons, Ps 99e Spot Pei VinGee iO) Ne Spot Pigeon, Will. orn. p. 182.17. HIS is remarkable, from having on the forehead, above the bill, a fpot, which is of the fame colour as the tail: the body and wings white. , Befides the above, the following are noticed by the connotfeurs in this branch, though not noted by the ufual Sy/ftematifis: fuch as the Ruff—Nun—Laugher—Trumpeter, &c.: all of which may be found,- with many others, in the various treatifes on this fubject. Columba montana, Lin. Sy/?. i. p. 281. N° 13. Le Pigeon roux de Cayenne, Bri/. orz.i. p. 131. N° 29. pl. 12. f. 2. _Perdix montana, Raiz Syz. p. 183. N° 20. Mountain Partridge, Sloan. Fam. ii. p. 304 pl. 261. f. 1. — Brown. Fam. Pp» 469.—L£dzw. iii. pl. 119. Lev. Muf. EN GT H eight inches and a half. Bill red, with a black tip: irides red, furrounded with a warty fkin of the fame co- _lour: the upper parts of the body are rufous, with a purplifh caft; the under, as far as the breaft, flefh-colour: the belly, fides, thighs, and vent, inclining to rufous: the under wing coverts, quills, and tail, rufous: legs red: claws brown. ~This is faid to inhabit Cayenne. That of amaica, mentioned by Edwards, differs fomewhat; the forehead being of a clay- colour: the head and neck reddifh purple: back, wings, and tail, red brown, with a eglofs of copper-colour: fore part of the neck reddifh clay-colour: breaft, belly, thighs, and under tail 10 coverts,, 615 Ze Var. V.. SPOT P. DEscRIPTION. OTHER VARIETIES. 30 PARTRIDGE P. Description. PLACE ANP: MaNnwners. 616 4. TETRAOID P. Descriprion. Se WHITE- CROWNED P. DeseriPrion. PyhOG JE DOUN. -coverts, light clay-colour: a white mark on each fide under the eye, and another at the fide of the throat, and juft at the joint of each wing. Theie build in trees which have low boughs ; and line their nefts with hair and cotton. At firft fight have greatly the ap- pearance of a Partridge Columba tetraoides, Scop. ann. i. p. 125. N? 180. 1_L the defcription we have of this bird is, that it equals the Red-legged Partridge in fize: the head and neck black, en- compaffed with a white margin, as in that bird. He does not inform us from whence it came, but that it was then living in a menagery. From the name he has given to it, we may conclude it to have fomewhat the appearance of the Red- legged Partridge *. Columba leucocephala, Liz. Syf. i. p. 281. N° 14. Le Pigeon de Roche de la Jamaique, Brif- orn. i. p. 137. N° 33. ‘Columba minor capite albo, Raii Syz. p. 63. N° 18. 184. N° 24. Bald-pated Pigeon, Sloan. Fam. p. 303. t- 261. f. 2.—Brown Fam. p. 468. White-crowned Pigeon, Care/b. Car.i. pl. 25.—ArG. Zool. Lev. Muf. LEN GT H ten inches and a half. The bill red, with a white tip: the eyes are furrounded with a white fkin; the. irides yellow: the top of the head is white; beneath it change- ® Perhaps fomewhat allied to the lait. ‘able BE WiGe Ee) Of NE able purple: the neck is of a green and blue, varied with a glofs of copper: the upper and under parts of the body are of a blueifh grey brown: the greater and leffer quills and tail brown: the legs are red: the claws grey. This inhabits Famaica, St. Domingo, and the Bahama fflands, where it breeds in vaft numbers, making its neft among the rocks. Eats the berries of fweet wood. ‘ They are bitter or {weet to the tafte according to the time of year, or rather food they feed on; and when they meet with plenty of {weet ber- ries, are counted very good victuals.” Columba leucoptera, Liz, Sy. i. p. 281. N° x5. Le Pigeon des Indes, Brif orn. i. p. 105. N° 15. White-winged Dove, Brown. Fam. p. 468, Brown Indian Dove, Edw. il. pl. 76. IZE of the Turtle: length eight or nine inches. The bill is dufky black : a fine blue fkin furrounds the eyes: irides crim- fon : the forehead, cheeks, fore part of the neck, and breaft, pale rufous brown: the hind part of the head, and neck, are dullith brown: under the ears, on each fide, is a tranfverfe black ftripe, which does not appear except the bird ftretches the neck ; under this mark the feathers have a green gold glofs; and below this, as well as behind the neck, the glofs changes to violet: the upper part of the body dark brown, with a mixture of blue in fome lights: the greater wing coverts the fame, but the outer mar- gins and tips white: the lower part of the back and rump dull afh-colonr: the belly, fides thighs, and under tail coverts, blueifh afh-colour: greater quills black, with paler margins; the leffer the fame, and fome of them have white edges juft at the tip: the Vou. Il, 4K two 619 Prace ANB Mannere. 6. WHITE- WINGED P. DESCRIPTION. 618 PEGE O N. two middle tail feathers are the fame colour as the back; the others dull afh-colour tipped with white: the legs are red: claws brown. PLACE AND This inhabits the Zaft Indies. Edwards remarks, that it often MANNERS fires up the tail, like the Wageail. The fkin which furrounds the eyes in Edwards’s bird goes on to the bafe of the upper man- dible. ve t MARTINICO P.. Columba Martinica, Zin. Sy. 1. pe 283. N° 24. Le Pigeon violet de Martinique, Brif. orm. i. p. 129, N° 27. pl. 12, f. r= Buf. vif. iis pe 525. — Plo. ent. 162. DsscRIPTION.. HIS is about the fize of a Zurtde: the length nine inches and a quarter. The bill red: the eyes are furrounded with. crimfon tubercles, and the irides are of the fame colour: the head, neck, and upper parts of the body, are chefnut, with a glofs of violet: the under parts of the body more or lefs rufous: the quills the fame as the upper, but on the outer edges only ;. the inner rufous; but the tail feathers are the fame on both mar— gins: the legs.are red :: claws brownith. PLACEs. Inhabits Martinico. 7. Le Pigeon de la Martinique, Brif. orn. i. p. 103. N° 14. Var. A. Le Pigeon roux de Cayenne, Buf. cif. ii. p. 526.—Pl. eal. 14:1. Duscaserrone HITS is a trifle longer than the laft. The bill black : the head, neck, and breaft, are purplifh chefnut ; but the feathers. which furround the lower part of the neck have a gilded violet glofs, forming a kind of collar :: the upper parts of the body and: wings are rufous brown, with fome fpots of black on the greater 3 wing PU GE ON. wing coverts which are neareft the body: the belly, thighs, and under tail coverts, light fulvous, with a vinaceous tinge: the fides and under wing coverts afh-colour: the quills blackifh, with the outer edges whitifh; the fecondaries the fame, with grey tips: the two middle tail feathers are rufous brown; the others brown for two thirds of their length, with the outer margins ru- fous, the inner deep afh-colour, the reft of their length black, with grey tips; the outer feather alfo is grey on the outfide the whole length: legs red: claws black. This likewife inhabits Martinico. Briffon obferves, that this bird is called there by the name of Partridge, as well as the laft-defcribed. Hence we may infer the very great probability of their being mere fexual differences of each other; the colours, as well as the diftribution of them, not varying much. This is likewife the opinion of Buffon, who thinks this laft to be the female. Columba Jamaicenfis, Lin. Sy/?. i. :p. 283. N° 25. Le Pigeon de la Jamaique, Brif. orn. i. p. 134. N°31.—Buf. cif. ii. p. §29. pl. zr. Columba minor ventre candido, Razi Syn. p. 63. N° 16. White-bellied Dove, Sloan. Fam. ii. p. 303. pl. 262. f. 1.— Brown, Fam. Pp» 469. Lev. Muf- H1S is nine inches in length. The noftrils are much éle- vated, forming two tubercles at the bafe of the bill: the irides white: the top of the head, and all the under parts of the neck and body, are white : the hind part of the neck varied with blue and purple: the back, rump, and upper tail coverts, purplifh 4ka brown, 619 Pracee &.- WH'TE- ‘BELLIED P. DescriPrion. 620 PLACE AND Manners. 9. 4+ GREAT- CROWNED P. DeEscarPTI0Nne Pl G E. O UN. brown, with a light reddifh tinge: the tail blue, terminated by a {mall band of white. This is found in the favannas of Zamaica, in the month of January; perhaps in its paffage to fome other parts. Feeds on berries: accounted good food, being lefs bitter than the Wbite- crowned Pigeon. It makes a mournful noife on the trees through the whole ifland, and fometimes very loud and difagreeable. Columba coronata, Lin. Syf.i. p. 282. 176 —mugiens, Scop. ann. i. N° 179. Le Faifan couronné des Indes, Brif. orn. i. p. 279. 6. pl. 26. f. 1.— Buf. otf, ii. p. 354. 542.—Pl. enl. 118. Le Goura de la Nouvelle Guinée, Sow. Voy. p. 169. t. 104. Great-crowned Indian Pigeon, Edw. pl. 338. — Damp. Voy, vol. ili, pt. 2. p- 93. pl. 3. Br. Muf. Lev. Mu. @IZE ofa Turkey. The bill is black, and two inches long ; from the bafe of this paffes a ftreak of black through the eyes, and a little way behind: the irides are red: the head, neck, breaft, belly, fides, thighs, and under tail coverts, cinereous blue: the head is crefted ; the feathers which compofe it are four inches and three quarters in length, and of the fame colour, but the webs are of a loofe texture: the back, rump, fcapulars, and upper tail coverts, are of a deep afh-colour, with a mixture of purplifh chefnut on the upper part of the back and fcapulars: the leffer coverts of the wings are alfo deep afh-colour, tipped with purplifh chefnut ; the greater ones, neareft the body, afh-coloured within, white on the outfide, and tipped as the others, this laft colour occupying more fpace on the outfide than on the inner; the ; greater PA -G 3E.0° N: greater wing coverts fartheft from the body are afh-coloured within, and purplifh chefnut on the outfide and tip: quills deep blackifh afh-colour: tail the fame, but of a light afh-colour at the tip: the legs are blackifh *. This fpecies inhabits the Molucca Ifes and New Guinea; and has been brought to England alive. Buffon mentions five having been at once alive in France. In fize it far exceeds any of the Pigeon tribe ; but its form and manners tell us that it can belong to no other. Indeed Briffon has placed it with the Pheafants; and the Planches enluminées have copied that name; but whoever has obferved it, cannot doubt in the leaft to which it belongs. Its note is cooing and plaintive, like that of other Pigeons, only more loud in proportion. The mournful notes of thefe birds alarmed the crew of Bougainville + much, when in the neighbourhood of them, thinking they were the cries of the hu- man fpecies. In France they were never obferved to lay eggs, ‘nor in Holland, though they were kept for fome time: but Scopali affures us, that the male approaches the female with the head bent into the breaft, making a noife more like lowing than coo- ing; and that they not only made a neft on trees, in the mena- gery where they were kept, but laid eggs t. The neft was com- pofed of hay and ftalks. The female never fate, but ftood upon * Edwards fays they are whitith, fpotted with red; and Scopoli, that they are afh-coloured. We may fuppofe, therefore, that they vary in different birds. + Voy. p. 326. t Dampier fays the egg is as big as that of a hen; and that the bird builds in trees. the 6a1 PLact AnD MAnneR&. 622 10. LESSER- CROWNED P. Description. PulvG E.O°N, theeges ; and he fuppofed it was from this caufe alone that there was no produce. They are faid to be kept by fome, in the Zaft Indies, in their ccourt-yards, as domeftic poultry. The Dutch at the Moluccas call them Crown-Vogel*. M. Sonnerat, as well as Dampier, found thefe in plenty at New Guinea ; and it is probable that they were originally tranfported from that place into Baxda, from whence the Dutch meee now procure them, ¢ Le Rouloul de Malacca, Son. Voy. Ind. vol. ii. p. 174. pl. 100. IZE of the Common Pigeon. The bill is conical, a little bent ; the colour of it black; the under mandible yellow at the . bafe: irides yellow: the head and neck are black: on the fore= head are fix very long black briftly hairs which ftand upright, or may be lowered at will: at the back part of the head is a creft of a gilded red colour; the feathers which compofe it are rather hard and ftiff, and the webs not united with each other: between . the two crefts the fpace is white, forming a band acrofs the head: the eyes are encircled with white ftiff feathers: the breaft and belly of a beautiful deep violet: the leffer wing coverts are brown; the others, and leffer quills, rufous white, croffed with undulated black lines: the greater quills are rufous, marked acrofs as the others: the back, rump, and tail, are deep green; the latter fhort, and carried horizontally: the legs yellow: the toes are feparated to the origin; but the hind toe wants a claw. By the natives they are called Bululu; by the Papuans, Manubi. Lew. SOME OTST n Reet Le ES Evinh SS ‘ YA at ty /). ee Ge CON. ZA P 1G) EY O N. Lew. Muf. I ZE of a Common Pigeon: length ten inches. Bill yellowih, with a black tip: back part of the head crefted, as in the jaft-defcribed: the forehead white,. paffing backward on each fide beneath the creft: eyelids red: round the eye not well clothed with feathers, of a reddifh colour,. which paffes backwards in a point: the head and neck dark reddifh brown: breaft, belly, and. vent, violet black: wings fine reddifh brown : back, rump, and tail, dull brownifh green: tail coverts long, falling over the tail: legs reddifh yellow : claws black. , A f{pecimen of the above is in the Leverian Mufeum, which was met with by. accident at a fale, without the leaft hiftory annexed. It is moft probably only a different fex.of the laft. For the pre- fent, we fhall place it as a variety... Le Pigeon verd a téte grife @’Antigue, ‘Sox. Voy. pe 11%, t. 66. Q1ZE of the Common: Pigeon. The bill of a dull red: the irides yellow: upper part of the head dirty white: hind part of the head and fides of the neck reddifh brown, gloffed with copper: the leffer quills are of a bright green, with a metalline glofs, changeable in different lights: the greater quills and tail black : between the bend of the wing and the body there is a femicircular fpot, compofed of feathers half green half grey: the reft of the body green ‘the legs ofa dull red.. Inhabits the Je of Panay. + 3 Sy vee 3 ry ’ Pompadour 623 10. Var. A. PL. LVIII. DESCRIPTION. ce GREY-HEADED: P. DescrivTion: Puace. 624. IZ. POMPADOUR P. DESCRIPTION. Mats. REemMaLe. Prace. 13. GARNET- WINGED P. DESCRIPTION. Prace. VARIITIES» mids Gi By Oa, Pompadour Pigeon, Brown. I/luj?. pl. 19. (male *) Yellow-faced Pigeon, ~———— ppl. 20. (female /) ESS than a Turtle. Bill blueifh: cheeks and chin pale yellow: back, breaft, and belly, pale green: wing coverts of a fine pompadour colour: quills black, edged with yellow: tail of a light green, and long: legs red. The fecond of the above is the female. The colours are paler ; and the wing coverts of the fame colour as the body. Thefe inhabit Cey/oz; and are always feen on trees, never on the ground; for the moft part on thofe known by the name of Wearingin Grothebria, on the berries of which it delights to feed. Thefe prove good food, and are fhot by the Europeans for that purpofe. ‘The natives catch them with birdlime. Lev. Mus. ENGTH nine inches and a half. Bill three quarters of an inch, and of a dufky yellow; in fome {pecimens black: the forehead white ; from thence paffes a ftreak of the fame over each eye, almoft to the hind head, which, as well.as the nape, is black : the lower part of the neck behind, the fhoulders, and wing co- verts, are of a beautiful deep garnet-colour: the back between the wings, the quills, tail, lower part of the breaft, belly, and vent, are all black: the tail is two inches and a half long, and even at the end; the bafe half of a greyifh afh-colour, the end half black ; the under part plain dufky: the legs brown. - Inhabits the ifland of Eimeo. With the above, at Sir Fofeph Banks's, is another, which no 5 : doubt PEE UG MESO . Ni doubt differed in fex or age only: it is about an inch longer: the forehead, throat, fore part of the neck, and breaft, white: hind part of the neck dufky: over the eye a ferruginous ftreak, paffing a little downwards on each fide of the neck: back dufky black: belly dufky: fhoulders and wing coverts as in the other: quills and tail blackifh. This was met with at O¢abherte. In the fame colleétion I alfo find one which came from the ifland of Tauna, and feems between both the above; for it has the white ftreak over the eye of the firft, and the fore part to the breaft white as the laft: the forehead, fides of the head, and fore part of the neck, are alfo white: legs deep dull crimfon: belly and back reddifh black: tail rounded. Columba indica, Lin. Sy/. i. p. 284. N° 2g. Le Pigeon ramier d’Amboine, Bri/. orz.i. p. 150. N° 42. pl. 1s. f. 1. Green-winged Dove, Edw. pl. 14. Lev. Mu/f. SIZE of a Turtle: length ten inches, Bill fcarlet, and ten lines in length: noftrils blueifh: eye of a dark co- Jour: forehead white; through the eye a ftreak of the fame: top of the head blueifh : the fides of the head, the neck, and breait, reddifh ; the hind part of the neck deepeft: the upper part of the back, and wing coverts, green gold, gloffed with copper: ridge of the wing fpotted with white: lower part of the back, rump, and upper tail coverts, afh-colour: belly, fides, thighs, and under tail coverts, reddifh brown: quills brownifh; the inner webs, for two-thirds of their length from the bafe, rufous : Vou. II. 4.1L tail 625 Pracs. Ihe GREEN- WINGED P. DEscRIPTIONe 626 PLACE. 156 PURPLE- CROWNED P., DescrRIPTIoN, PLacs AND VARIETIES. PHICG EOIN tail black, three inches long; the two middle feathers black; the reft cinereous, with black tips: the legs red: claws black. Inhabits Amboina, in the Eaft Indies. Lev. Muf. IZE of a Turtle: length nine inches, Bill three quarters of an inch in length, and yellowifh : irides of a pale yellow: forehead, to the middle of the crown, purple: the head, neck, and under parts of the body, are of a pale green, inclining to afh-colour: vent, and under tail coverts, yellow: all the upper parts of the body of a beautiful deep green, and very glofly: quills black ; the two outer ones wholly fo, the others edged with green; the fecondaries fringed with yellow on the outer margins: the tail is three inches and a half long; the feathers pretty even, all of them fomewhat pointed at the end; the co- Jour a greenifh black, the outer edges green; when the tail is fpread open, a greyifh bar appears near the end, but on infpe@tion it proves interrupted, the colour only occupying the inner webs of each feather: the Iegs are very rough, of a dufky black: the claws black. This was defcribed from a fpecimen from Ozabeite; but I find of thefe birds great varieties, according to the different iflands from which they are brought, for they inhabit the whole of the Pacific Ocean within the tropics. In Otabeite the crown is of a very faint purple; at Uliatea, and fome other iflands, deeper ; but the fpecimens found at Tonge Laboo, have the top of the head of an exceeding deep and vivid purple, and this furrounded by Pi l-G.E O N. by yellow: the bill in this is dufky: irides yellow: the vent almoft orange: and the legs of a deep red. Among the others, I obferve fome which have not the leaft veftige of red on the crown; but whether thefe are of a different fex, young birds, or owing to difference of place, I am not able to determine. This fpecies is called by the natives of Tongo Taboo, Kurukurz ; by thofe of Osebeite, Oopa, or Oopara. It lives on the Banana, and is eafily tamed. The beautiful green Turtle Dove, mentioned by Bougainville *, is perhaps the fame with this. He alfo mentions Pigeons of a green gold plumage +, neck and belly of a greyifh white, and having a little creft on their heads; whether of the above, or any other fpecies, Cannot be determined by fo fhort a defcription ; perhaps the next defcribed. Pooni Jamboo, Marfa. Sumatr. p. 84. H1S is fmaller than the ufual fize of Doves. Bill yellow: fore part of the head of a deep pink t: back, wings, and tail, green: breaft and crop white; but the front of the latter has a light fhade of pink; the white of the breaft is continued in a narrow ftreak, having green on one fide and pink on the other, half round the eye, which is large and yellow. * Voy. p. 247 TP. 329. . This is likened to the colour of the b/ofom of the Famboo, the fruit of which is like a Pear in fhape: there are two kinds of it ||, both of which are faid to be delicious eating. A Eugenia malaccenfis, ambos. Lin. 41,2 Inhabits 627 16, JAMBOO P, DeEscRriPTion. 628 Prace. 17. RED- CROWNED P. DESCRIPTIONe PLACK 18. PURPLE P. DescRIPTIONe PLAceo Pty Gy Ec. OF Ns Inhabits the ifland of Fava: feeds, when at large, on the ber- ries of the Rum-pooni; but will alfo live on boiled Rice and Padda. Le Pigeon violet 4 téte rouge d’Antigue, Son. Voy. p. 112. t. 67- IZE of the Facobin Pigeon. The bill is grey; from the bafe of the upper mandible is a flefhy membrane of a bright red colour, which wholly encircles the eyes: the irides have two circles, a large one of red, and a leffer one of grey colour: the top of the head is covered with flender feathers of a fine red colour, forming a kind of hood: the neck, upper parts of the back, and breaft, blueith grey, paleft on the breaft: the reft of the body, and tail, of a velvety black, changing into both violet and blue in different reflections of light :. the legs. grey. This was found at Antigue, in the Ile of Panay, by Mr. Son- nerat. Purple Pigeon, Browz. Jil. p. 42. pl. 18. IZE of the Englifb Wood Pigeon. Front pale green: head and neck fine light purple: breaft orange: back, fcapulars, and belly, light green: vent fcarlet: quills dufky. Inhabits the ifland of Fava, where it is called Foaan, from Foo, wach fignifies green in the Favan and. Malayan \an- guages * * Mr. Loren mentions, that he has known more than eighteen or twenty fpecies of Wood Pigeons.on the iflands of Fava, Celebes, and Ceylon ; fome as big as a /mall Hen, of a beautiful white, with black wings and tail ; fome blueifh green ; fome entirely of a dark beautiful red, between fcarlet and carmine ;, and. fome alfo like our European Turtles. v LENGTH PIGEON: EN GT=H fourteen inches. Bill black ;. fides of the head. beneath the eyes dufky: the forehead, throat, and fore part of the neck, of a pale rufous, or rather vinaceous colour : the crown, and hind part of the neck, dufky brown, witha egreenifh tinge on the firft: fides of the neck red brown, changing into a gloffy purple or lake-colour as it advances downwards, uniting on both fides to form a bar of the fame colour on the breaft : the wing coverts are of the fame beautiful purple red as the bar on. the breaft: the quills are dufky: above the purple bar on the breaft is a tranfverfe band of white: the belly dufky : the legs are red, an inch and a half in length: claws black. Inhabits the ifland of Ezmeo.. Columba vernans, Liz. MantifZ. 1771. p. 526s Le Pigeon verd des Philippines, Brif. orz.i. p. 143. Ne 38. ple y1. f2.2.— Buf. oif. ii. p. 528.—Pi. enl. 138. Parrot Dove, Raii Syn. p. 196. N° 1s. pl. 2. Ne 15. Le Pigeon verd male des Ifles de Lugon & d’Antigue, Sox. Voy. p. 1103 t. 64. QOMEWHAT bigger than the Zurtle: length nine inches and a half. The bill is three quarters of an inch, and blackifh, with a yellowifh tip: the head and throat are dull olive green: irides compofed of two circles; the outer red, the inner blue: neck pale chefnut, inclining to vinaceous: back, rump, fides, and upper tail coverts, olive green: wing coverts the fame; but the greater ones are tipped with brimftone, making a {pot on the wing: the breaft is orange: belly and thighs pale olive: 629, 19> PURPLE- BREASTED P. DeEscriPT10Ne PrLace. 206 PARROT P. Tue Mate.. DESCRIPTION. 630 20. FeMate. DescriPTioNno PLACEe BIG E O N. olive green, inclining to yellow, growing paler towards the vent, where it is yellow: the under tail coverts are rufous, and as long’ as the tail itfelf: the quills are blackifh above, and afh- coloured beneath, edged with brimftone: the tail feathers are afh-coloured above and blackifh beneath: the legs are red: the claws black. This I thould take to be the bird above referred to in Sonnerat ; but the pale grey afh-colour * on the crown, mentioned by this author, was not in Briffon’s bird. Sonnerat fays the bill of his bird was very fhort, and of a grey colour; and likens the yellow colour on the breaft to orpiment, which Briffon calls orange: in other particulars both feem to anfwer. Le Pigeon verd femelle de L’Iile de Lugon, Son. Voy. pe 11t. t. 69. N this the head, neck, and upper parts of the body, are of a greyifh green: the breaft and belly yellowifh green: quills black, edged with yellow, but the leffer ones have a reddith glofs: the tail black: the bill is longer in this than in the othe;, and is, as well as the legs, afh-coloured : and the irides of a light apple green. This is the female of the laft. Both of them inhabit the iflands of Manilla and Panay. * Perhaps Brifox might mean this very bird, when he fays that he faw one fent from beyond the Ganges, which differed only in having the head of a fine greyifh white.—Orz. vol, i. p. 145. Le PU TVGeE-O: N: Le Pigeon verd d’Amboine, Brif. ora. i, pe 145. N° 39. pl. 10. f. 2.— Buf. cif. ii. p. 528.—Pl. ent. 163. I ZE of a Turtle: length ten inches and a half. Bill greenifh: the upper part of the head is light grey before, deeper be- hind: the fides, throat, neck, breaft, belly, rump, upper tail coverts, and tail, are olive green, inclining to yellow on the neck and breaft: the under part of the tail is black at the bafe, and dirty white at the end; the under tail coverts dirty yellowifh white: back, and wing coverts, fine chefnut; the tips of fome of them yellowifh, forming a band on the wing; and below thefe black, edged with yellow: bend of the wing blackith: quills black, edged with yellow, narroweft on the prime ones: legs and claws grey *. Inhabits Amboina. Le Pigeon verd de I’Ifle de St. T Hamas, Brif. ora, i. p. 147. N° 40.— Buf. cif. tio pe 528. A Wild Pigeon from St. Thomas his ifland, Will, ora. p. 183.—Raii Sya- p- 62. N° 7. cS "T HIs,” fays Willughby, “is of the bignefs and figure < of our country Pigeon, but its upper bill hooked, the « foremoft half being of a blue colour, mixed with a little white “ and yellow, the hindmoft of a fanguine: the eyes are black, « with a circle of blue: the whole body is covered with green *¢ feathers, like a Parrot: the prime feathers of the wings are “* dufkith, as is alfo the end of the tail: under the vent it hath ® Red in P/. en/. To “ yellow 631 216 AROMATIC P. Description. — Puace; 22. ST. THOMAS’S P, DescRIPTION. 632 Pack. 230 HOOK-BILLED 1s Pri. LIX. DescRIPTION. FEMALEo PLACE. Pe boG 7E bOrN: *¢ yellow feathers: the legs and feet are of an elegant faffron- ** colour: but the claws dufky.” Inhabits the ifland of St. Thomas. Lev. Mu/. ENGTH feven inches and a half. The bill is fharply ca- rinated on the top, and much incurvated at the end; the bafe of it red, and the reft yellow: the general colour of the bird green; yellowifh beneath: on the wings are two yellow bars; fome of the wing coverts and fecondaries in this di- rection having yellow ends: the back and fhoulders fine reddifh chefnut ;’ the outer part of the thighs afh-colour: the under tail. coverts ferruginous; but the vent itfelf is white: the tail is rounded; the two middle feathers green; the others dark afh- colour, with a bar of black @bout three quarters of an inch from the end. Another along with this, fuppofed to be the female, differed in having the back and fhoulders green; and the under tail coverts white, as well as the vent. Thefe birds were met with in the ifland of Tanna, in the South Seas. One fimilar to the above is among the drawings of Sir 7. Banks ; it was near eleven inches long: the bill not fo hooked: the leffer wing coverts fpotted with white: the ends of the fe- condary quills yellow on the outer web: the end of the tail very pale: legs red. LENGTH ie EEX. Hooke Ved Tigeon /. 4 oO PelcG we <0 oN: ENGTH thirteen inches and ahalf. The bill black ; noftrils eibbous : the head and neck of avery light afh-colour: chin nearly white: the upper parts of the body brown, with a glofs of green: the breaft reddifh buff, with a vinaceous tinge: the elly afh-colour, verging to brown down the middle: vent, and under tail coverts, deep ferruginous: the quills dark brown, with ereenifh brown edges: the tail is five inches in length, and black, with a greenifh glofs: the legs are red; in fome fpe- cimens brown or dufky. Inhabits the Friendly Iles in the South Seas. Le Pigeon du Mexique, Bri/. orz. i. p. 99. N° 10.— Buf. oi/- ii. ps 525. Cehoilotl, Raiz Syz. p. 63. N° 14. LL that we find related of this bird is, that the eyes are furrounded with crimfon: the irides black: the whole plumage is brown, except the breaft and tips of the wings, which are white: the legs red. Inhabits Mexico. Le Pigeon fauvage do Mexique, Brif. ort. te Pr 100. N° 110—Buf. vif. ii. Bs 525 Hoilotl, Raiz Sya. p. 63. N° 12. IZE of the firft fpecies. The bill black: the head, neck, and upper parts, brown fpotted with black : breaft, belly, and thighs, pale fulvous : under tail coverts, and under the wings, cinereous: quills and tail brown: legs red. Vor. II. 4M This 633 24. FERRUGI- NOUS-VENTED P. DeEscRIprion» PLace. 25. MEXICAN P, DEsCRIPTION. PLACE. 26. BLACK- SPOTTED P. DeEscRIPTION>» 634 Pol G E OUN, Pract. This is found at Mexico, inhabiting the woods in the colder parts thereof. 276 Le Pigeon de Montagne du Mexique, Brif. orz. i. p. 130. N° 28.—Bufr WHITE- Dee SHOULDERED EGRESS 33 P. Hoilotl, Raz Syz. p. 63. N° 13. Discnicee IZE of a Roman Pigeon. The bill and legs fearlet, and the plumage of a purplifh rufous colour, except the leffer wing coverts, which are white. Others are of a pale fulvous, with the leffer wing coverts white, as in the others: the bill and legs reddifh. PLACE. Inhabits Mexico. Le Pigeon bleu du Mexique, Brif orz.i. p. 139. N° 35.—Buf. if. ii 28. BLUE P. ers 251 Tlacahoilotl, Radi Syn. p. 63. N° 15. Description. IZE of a Domeftic Pigeon. The bill, irides, and legs, red: the head, neck, upper parts, and thighs, are blue: on the head and neck there is alfo a mixture of red, efpecially on the fore part : the breaft, belly, fides, wing coverts, and under the tail, red: quills and tail blue. Inhabits Mexico. Thefe four Buffon believes to have much affinity to the Euro- pean common Pigeons Peaceo Colomba Pil Gee 6 O° Ne Columba palumbus, Liz. Sy?. i. p. 282. 19.—Faun. Suee. N? 208.—Scop. ann. ie N° 178.—Mulier, N° 228.—Brun. N° 204.—Georgi Reife, p. 173e—Kram. el. p. 359. 2.—Frifch. t. 138. Le Pigeon ramier, Bri/. orn. i. p. 89. 6.—Buf. cif. ile pe §31- ple 24.— PI. enl. 316. Ring Dove, Rai Syz. p. 62e A. 9.—Will. orn. pe 185. pl. 35-—Br. Zool, is N° 102.— Ard. Zool. Br. Muf. Lev. Muf. H I S is a large fpecies : length feventeen inches and a half. The bill is fourteen lines, and of a yellowifh colour ; the noftrils covered with a mealy red flefhy membrane: the irides pale yellow: the head, back, and wing coverts, blueifh afh- colour, deepeft on the head: the upper part of the back inclines to brown; and the lower part of it, rump, and fore part of the neck, pale afh-colour; the reft of the neck, and the breaft, vinaceous, mixed with afh-colour: the belly, thighs, and vent, dirty white: the hind part and fides of the neck are green gold, in fome lights changing to blue, with a copper glofs; and on each fide of the neck is a white crefcent: the greater quills are dufky ; all of them, except the outermoft, have the exterior edges whitifh; the fecondaries are greyifh brown: at the bafe of the baftard wing is a dafh of white: the tail is afh-coloured above, with the end blackifh; but beneath the bafe and ends are black ; the middle hoary: the legs are covered with feathers almoft to the toes, of a red colour: and the claws black. This bird is found throughout Europe; the major part of them, in refpect to this kingdom, are emigrants, departing elfe- 4M 2 where 29. DeEscriPTiIoNe PLACE ANB MAannNeERSe 636 i 30. NUTMEG P. DeEscRIPTIONeo Pi a tis. oO aN: where at the latter end of the year, and returning early in {pring *, They inhabit the woods altogether, and build on the tops of trees, making a large, loofe, and flat neft with dry fticks. Are faid to have two broods in a year; the firft in April, the fecond about Midfummer. Buffon is clear of the firft, as he has more than once had a neft brought him the beginning of April, con- taining two and fometimes three young ones; and the quantity encreafing in all parts about the month of Augu/t, may give us reafon to think that they breed more than once in’ England. Indeed it is generally fuppofed that they have but one brood in a year, except the young be taken from the firft neft; but I could never find any one who could afcertain this point. The eggs are like thofe of other Pigeons, but larger, and they fit fourteen days on them before the young are hatched. This fpecies is called in fome parts of England by the names of ®uceft and Cujfbat. Columba znea, Liz. Syf. i. p. 283. N° 22. Le Pigeon ramier des Moluques, Brif. orz. 1. pe 148. N° a1. pl. 13. f. 2.—= Buf. cif. ti. p. 539.—Pl. ex. 164, IZE of the Ring Pigeon: length feventeen inches. The bill almoft greenifh: the head, neck, and under parts of the body, dirty white, with a tinge of vinaceous: the back, rump, upper tail coverts, and tail, green, gloffed with gold and copper : the fides, and under the wings, dirty white: -under tail coverts purplifh chefnut : quills afh-coloured, with the tips of the prime, * Ihave had this bird more than once fent tome beyond the middle of Des sembere and P Il;GIE OO; N, and the outer edges and tips of the fecondaries, of the fame colour with the back: the tail is even at the end: the legs covered half way down with feathers; the colour of them, and the claws, greenifh. This inhabits the Mo/ucea iflands, where it feeds on Nutmegs. Le Pigeon cuivre Mangeur de Mufcade, Sow. Voy. p, 168. pl. 1022 Lev. Mf. HIS feems to be very like the laft-defcribed, and perhaps is a flight variety of fex, &c.: it is of the fame fize. The head blue grey: the bill grey: irides and legs pale carmine: upper parts of the body green, gloffed with gold and copper: the neck, breaft, and belly, reddifh grey: under tail coverts. yel- lowifh white: quills and tail black. One fimilar to this is in the collection of Sir Fofeph Banks, which came from New Zealand. Among the drawings of the fame gentleman, I obferve one nearly fimilar, but only thirteen inches in length. Bill an inch long; the noftrils rifing into a knob: head and neck afh-colour : irides orange: round the bill, and chin, grey: the upper parts of the body green, inclining to red on the rump: beneath reddifh brown: wings blue: quills edged with deep blue: tail dufkys legs red. This was met with at dm/terdam Ifle, and is there called Orooba yas 637 PLacz=. 30. Var. A. DescriPrions PLACES 638 3r. WHITE NUT- MEG P. DescRIPTION. PLACE. Bel GG 3E VOuIN: Le Pigeon blanc Mangeur de Mufcade de fa Nouvelle Guinée, Sox. Voy. Dp: 169" t103-) HIS is of a middling fize. The bill light grey: irides yel- lowifh : the plumage wholly white, except the quills, and one-third of the tail next the end, which are black: the legs are light grey. | This inhabits New Guinea, and, with the laft, feeds on Nuf- megs; and ferves to propagate this ufeful fpice in the fame man- ner as that bird. ; This fpecies, we are informed by the author, lives on Nut- megs; and it is moft likely the outer fkin alone ferves them for nourifhment: as to the nut itfelf, it is voided whole, and fo little altered, that after having paffed the organs of digeftion, it is not rendered the lefs fit for vegetation: from hence it comes that thefe birds, flying from one ifland to another, fow and fpread the Nutmeg in all of them which they frequent *. * A Pigeon was found with two Nutmegs in its mouth and craw, ftill furrounded with their fcarlet covering or Mace, at the I/le of Rotterdam. Forft. Voy. ii. po 3326 Ditto Reply, p. 35- By this means likewife is the Cianamon-tree propagated at Ceylon, by certain wild Doves, called from thence Ciznamon-eaters; and occafion the rife of fo many young trees along the road that they look like a foreft. Forr. Voy. p. 345. (no defcription of the bird). Pigeons faid alfo to be the propagators 0 the Loranthus Stelis, Lin.—** feeding on the berries, and voiding the ftones on * the trunks of trees, where it grows.”’, See Parkin/. Voy. p. 38. . Columba Pe 1G EO! oN, Columba Guinea, Lin. Sy. i. p. 282. N° 16. Le Pigeon de Guinée, Brif. orn. i. p. 132. N° 30.—Buf. oi/. ii. p. 538. La Tourterelle du Cap de Bonne Efperance, Sox. Voy. Ind. ii. p. 179. Triangular-fpotted Pigeon, Edzw. il. pl. 75. Br. Muf. Lev. Muf. HIS equals the Wood Pigeonin fize. ‘The bill is blackifh : the eyes furrounded by a red fkin; the irides bright yellow: the head, neck, and under parts of the body, pale afh-colour: belly and vent white: the feathers on the neck are pointed ; of an afh-colour, with vinaceous margins: the upper part of the back purplith brown, gloffed with violet: wing coverts, and leffer quills, the fame, but each feather tipped with a triangular white fpot, the point upwards; the greater quills black, with grey edges: lower part of the back and rump white: the tail dull afh- colour, tipped with black; legs pale red: claws brown. Inhabits Guinea, in the fouthern parts; the rocky parts of Africa; common about the Cape of Good Hope. Le Pigeon 4 queue annelée de la Jamaique, Bri/. orz.i. p. 138. N° 34.— Buf. vif. ii. ps 539+ Columba cauda fafcia notata, Raiz Syz. p. 63. N° 17.—p. 183. N° 22. Ring-tailed Pigeon, Stoaz. Fam. p. 302.—Brown. Fam. p. 468. IZE of the Ring Pigeon: length fifteen inches. The mem- brane which covers the noftrils gibbous: irides crimfon: the head, fore part of the neck, and breaft, purplifh: the hind part of the neck greenifh purple, with a filky glofs: back, rump, and upper tail coverts, pale blue: the wings are brownihh : the 639 32. TRIANGULAR. SPOTTED P. DEscRIPTION. Pracsz. 33 RING-TAILED Descriptions 649 PLACRo 34+ NEW-ZEA- LAND P. DescrRiPTioNe PLAcE. MADAGASCAR DescripTion. Prace. PXIGE ON the belly whitifh: the tail, like the back, croffed with a band of black. Inhabits Jamaica, where it is frequently called Mountain Pi- geon. Sometimes found in the favanna woeds in Fanuary. ENGT AH eighteen inches. Bill an inch long, and red: irides, and round the eyes, red: the upper parts of the body - are of a ruby red, glofled with green on the fore part of the neck: quills dufky: rump blue: tail black: under parts from the breaft white, inclining to blue towards the vent: legs red. Inhabits Dufky Bay, New Zealand ; called Hagarréroo. Columba Madagafcarienfis, Liz. Sy/?.i. ps 283. N° 21. Le Pigeon ramier bleu de Madagafcar, ee ora. i, p. 140. N° 36. pl. 140 f. 1.— Pl. enl. 116 Le Founingo, Buf. oi, ii. p. 539. HIS is about the fize of the common Pigeon, and is ten inches and a half in length. The bill red: the eyes placed in a bare red fkin: the plumage is wholly of a blue black, and very gloffy; the feathers on the neck narrower than the others, and have a mixture of afh-colour: the tail violet purple: legs red: claws black. This fpecies inhabits Madaga/car, where it is called Founingo- mena-rabou. 9 Columba Be le Ga ky Ob N. ‘Columba auftralis, Zin. Mantif. 1771. p. 526. Le Pigeon ramier verd de Madagafcar, Bri/. orz.i. p. 142. Mi® 37. pl. 14. f. 2.—Bauf. oif. ii. p. §40.—P#. ext. 111. SIZE of the laft: length near twelve inches. The bill athe colour, with a reddifh cere: the head, neck, breaft, belly, and fides, are olive green: the back, rump, upper wing, and tail coverts, the fame, but deeper: near the bend of the wing is a fmall reddifh fpot: the quills blackifh above, and afh-co- loured beneath ; the outer edges brim{tone-colour : the greater wing coverts are tipped with the fame: the lower part of the belly, and thighs, of the fame green as the body, mixed with yellow and blackifh: the under tail coverts mixed rufous and whitith : the tail afh-coloured; the two middle feathers are of a deeper colour at the bafe: the legs are red; the claws afh- coloured. This, likewife, is a native of Madaga/car, and is called there by the name of Founingo-maitfou ; is probably a mere variety of the laft, or different in fex. Le Pigeon Hollandais, Son. Voy. Ind, voi. ii. pe 175. pl. 101. "THIS is much bigger than our Ring Pigeon. The bill and irides crimfon: the feathers of the head, neck, and breaft, are long, narrow, and pointed, and of a fingular con- ftruction, appearing as a polifhed furface, in the fame manner as _the appendices of the wing feathers of the Bohemian Chatterer, Vor. I, 4N or 644 356 Van? A. DescriPTion. PLACE. 36. HACKLED P. DescariPTion, r Praca, roy 47s t SPOTTED- GREEN P. DESCRIPTION. 32. NICOBAR P. DescarreTion PLN GEV ON or Wild Indian Cock: round the eye is a naked. deep red fkin : the back, wings, and belly, are of a deep blue: rump and tail of a deep epimfon ; legs black. Found in the [le of Frence, where tradition informs us that the flefh is poifonous. 2 JEN GT H twelve inches. Bill black, tipped with pale yellow: general colour of the plumage dark green, and gloffy : the head and neck are darker than the reft, and of one plain colour: the feathers of she neck long and narrow, like the hackles of a Cock; every feather of the wings and fcapulars tipped with a fpot of very pale cinereous white, with a point running upwards, fomewhat triangular: quills and tail black; the feathers of the firft tipped with cinereous white, thofe of» the laft with ferruginous white, and even at the end: belly, thighs, and vent, dufky black: the legs are brown, and the fhins covered half way with downy feathers: claws black. In the collection of Majer Davies. I likewife met with a {pe- cimen in that of Sir Jofeph Banks. Native place uncertain. Columba Nicobarica, Liz. Syf.1. p. 283. N° 27. Le Pigeon de Nincobar, Brif. ovz. 1. p. 153. N° 44.—Buf. off. il. Pp. 541.—= Pi. eal, 491. Pigeon from the Nincobar, d/siz. ili. Ba 47, 48. (male and female.) —Edwz Glean. pl. 339+ Lev. My. IZE of the common Pigeon. ‘The bill is dufky : irides hazel: the head, neck, breaft, belly, thighs, and under tail coverts, Pil JU GEE? O- N, coverts, dark blueith purple: the feathers on the neck are long and pointed, reflecting gloffes of blue, red, gold, and copper : the back, and upper part of the wings, green, changing to cop- per and gold; fome of the outer quills, and the coverts above them, fine blue: the tail, and upper coverts, white: legs -reddith. This is the defcription of Edwards, who drew it from the living bird. The female differs only in the colours being lefs glofiy, and the pointed feathers of the neck being Shorter. Inhabits the [le of Nicobar. Le Ramiret, Buf. oi/. 1. p. §41. Le Pigeon ramier de Cayenne, P2. enl. 213. Lev. Muf. IGGER than the Turtle. Bull red, covered with a white cere: the head is ferruginous: neck and breaft variegated with rufous, white, and purplifh blue; each feather being ru- fous, then white, with blue margins, appearing undulated, and giving a beautiful appearance: the back and wings are ferru- ginous; quills darker than the reft: tail dufky black, and rounded in fhape: legs red. The female is marked in the fame manner as the made, but is much duller in colour. Inhabits Cayenne, 4N 2 Columba ) i fo Femacee at A EE PLACE: 49° SCALLOP- NECKED P. DescriprioNe Femaete PLacke 644 405 + COMMON TURTLE. DescriPTioNne PLACE AND MANNERS. Pe ly, Ge Ex OF Ne Columba Turtur, Lin. Syf. i. p. 284. N° 320——Scop. ann. i. N° 181.— Kram. el. p. 359. 3.-—Frifth. t. 140.—Georgi Reife, p. 173. La Fourterelle, Bri/. orn. 1. p.g2z. N° 7.—Buf. oif. ii. p. 545. pl. 25.— Pl. ent. 394. Turtle Dove, Raii Syx. p. 61. A. 2.—Will. orn. p. 183. pl.35.—Albin, ii. pl. 47.—Br. Zool. i. N° 103. pl. 45.—Ar&. Zool. Br. Muf. Lev. Muy. VETE length of this bird is above twelve inches. The bill is brown: the irides yellow: the eyes furrounded with crimfon: the top of the head cinereous olive: the forehead and chin nearly white : on each fide of the neck is a patch of black feathers with white tips: the back is afh-coloured, margined with reddith brown: fcapulars and wing coverts reddifh brown; each feather black in the middle: quills brown, with pale edges and tips: the fore part of the neck and breaft vinaceous, but pale: the lower part of the breaft and fides dufky grey: the belly, thighs, and vent, white: the two middle feathers of the tail are brown 5 the others darker, tipped with white; and the outer ene white on the outer edge: the legs reddifh. This bird is very common in thefe kingdoms, and I believe is wholly migratory, none having been obferved after the time of departing in autumn. It arrives later, and departs fooner, than any other of the Pigeon tribe ; and is pretty common in Kent, where it is often feen in woods during the fummer, and frequents the Pea-fields in flocks of twenty or more, as foom as the Peas begin to ripen, of whichit fometimes deftroys too many, and continues thus doing till the departure, which is about the end of Augu/t or P i Gib ON, or beginning of September. ‘They build for the moft part in the thick woods, on the higheft trees : lay two eggs, like the other fpecies, and are fuppofed to breed but once in the feafon ; which is the more probable, as their ftay in this country at leaft is two months fhorter than the other fpecies which frequent us. Tobferve that Mr. Pexwant, as well as Scopoli, are both feru- pulous of adding the fynonym of Linnaeus to this bird; but I make no doubt of either this or the firft variety being the iden- tical {pecies meant by him, though he particularifes his as fvdian. Briffon mentions a drawing of one fent from China, no ways dif- fering from the bird by him defcribed, except the whole of the under parts being vinaceous: it is his opinion likewife, that the Ear Dove of Sloane * is the fame bird: and in the Indian Zoology t, the European Furile is mentioned as an inhabitant of Fava. N the Leverian Mufeum is a bird fhot in Buckinghamfbire, which differs from the common one in having almoft the whole fide of the neck black, inftead of a patch only; and inftead of each feather being tipped with white, there is.a round fpot of white on each very near the end, giving the fides of the neck a moft beautiful appearance. I have been likewife informed; that many of this fort have been obferved in this county. Among fome birds which came from the laft expedition to the South Seas,\ obferve one of thefe; but as it was ina parcel where- in were fome others which belonged to the Cape of Good Hope, * Hift. Fam. ii p. 304. t. 262. Ff. 2.—Raii Syn. p. 184. 262 t P. 42.—This too is noticed in Of, Voy. i, p. 158. 645 40. Var. A. SPOTTED- NECKED T. DsscriprTion, 646 40. Var. B. PORTUGAL T. DeEscRIPTION. PLACE. 40. Var. C. LUZONIAN T. DescriPTion. PLAce. Pde Gy Es Oa N. it is poffible that this may have been brought from that place *; however this may be, it ferves to fhew that neither this nor the former are confined to the European regions. La Tourterelle de Portugal, Brz/. orn, Veo Pe 98. N° 9.— Buf. vif il, p. 556. Portugal Dove, Albin. il. pl. 48. HIIS is bigger than our Zurtle. The bill is black: irides faffron-colour: the whole of the bird is of a deep brown: on each fide the neck, about the middle, are two or three fhining black feathers tipped with white: the leffer wing coverts are black, edged with white; the others brown, edged with yel- low ; the quills blackith, with yellow edges: the two middle tail feathers are deep afh, tipped with white; the others white on the outer edges and tips, and afh-coloured within: the legs are red: the claws black. Inhabits Portugal. La Tourterelle grife de l’Ifle de Lugon, Sow. Poy. p. 52. t. 22. IZE of a Zurtle. Bill and irides the colour of carmine: head and neck light grey afh-colour : on each fide of the neck fix or feven of the feathers are tipped with black: the breaft and belly vinaceous grey: quills black; the fecondaries are the fame, but the ends have a brownifh yellow tinge: the two middle feathers of the tail black; the others white: the legs reddifh. Inhabits Manilla. * And this I am the rather confirmed in, from obferving it in two feparate collections of Cinefe drawings, in which it was well exprefled. The name given to it in China is Pancou. oe Pik hare 70: iN: La Tourterelle brune de la Chine, Sox. Vey. Ind. vol. ii. p. 177: I ZE of the Common Turtle. Bill and irides red: head, neck, breaft, and back, dirty brownith grey, paleft on the breaft : on each fide of the neck are fome black feathers, with palé cine- reous grey ends: wings brown, croffed with a band of yellow: quills brown: rump and tail deep cinereous grey: belly and thighs vinous grey: under tail coverts pale cinereous grey: legs red. Inhabits China. La Tourterelle, Defer. de Surin. vol. i. p. 165. HIS is ten inches in length, and eighteen in breadth. The bill is fine and long; of a deep blue without, and red within: the head and back are afh-colour: throat mixed green and black: the exterior wing feathers brown; and thofe of the middle afh-colour: the breaft and belly are whitifh: the legs red. This is Fermin’s defcription; who fpeaks of it as a_ bird common at Surinam, and fays that it lays twice ina year, making its neft in the woods, diftant from habitations, on the higheft trees: in this imitating our fpecies, to which it bears fome re- femblance, though fmaller by two inches. The flefh, he ob- ferves, ts juicy, and delicious. 5 Columba 47 40. Var D. CHINESE T. DeEsCRIPTIONe PLACE Ale SURINAM T., DEscRIPPIONs Pace anp MANNERS» 648 AzZe COLLARED T. DESCRIPTION. FEMALE. PLACE. PAGE ON. Columba riforia, Lin. Sy. i, p. 285. N° 33.—Scop. ann.i. p. 125. N° 182. — Frifch. t. 1416 La Touterelle 4 Collier, Brif. orn. i. p. 95. N° 8. — Bufe o7/. iis p. 550) pl. 26.—P/. ent. 244. Turtur indicus Aldrov. Rati Syn. p. 61. N° 3. Indian Turtle, Will. orn. p. 184.—Albin. ili. pl. 456 Lev. Muf. HLS is a trifle bigger than the laft; The bill-is blackifh: irides fine red: the upper parts of the head and neck, the back, and wing coverts, are of a rufous or reddifh white, nearly cream-colour: the fore part of the neck and breaft white, with a vinaceous tinge: the reft of the under parts white: the rump is greyifh brown: the quills the fame, with whitifh edges : tail ci- nereous ; the two middle feathers plain; the others tipped with white; and the outer one white on the outer edge: the hind part of the neck marked with a collar of black feathers: the legs are red: the claws brown. its The female differs from the male in having the colours lefs vivid, and inclines to grey. This inhabits India; but is a bird common to France, and other parts of the European continent *: but I do not hear of it at large in England. - ’ ) * Some think as far as Saveden; but I think Lizneus’s words do not jultify this. He fays, ‘* Habitat in India, nobis communis Turtur ;” by which | fhould’ think he only means, that it is every where kept in cages, as with us in England. It is not mentioned in his Fauna Suecica. La Pict Giae O N: La Tourterelle grife de la Chine, Son. Voy. Ind. vol. ii. p. 176. pl..102. HIS is the fize of the laft. Bill black: irides red: top of the head grey; back part of it deep vinaceous grey: round the eyes the feathers are white: fore part of the neck, breaft, and belly, very pale reddifh vinaceous grey; the feathers on the hind part of the neck are in fhape of an heart reverfed, the colour of them black, forming a broad crefcent, and have on each fide a round fpot of white: the wings, back, and rump, are dirty brown: the quills black: the two middle tail feathers are brown; the others are black half-way, and white from thence to the end: the under tail coverts are very pale reddifh grey: the legs are yellow. ‘Inhabits China. T have likewife feen it in fome drawings, which fpecified that it “was a native of Madras. La Tourterelle mulet, Brif. orz. i. p. 97. Ao HIS is a mixed breed, between the Common and Collared Turtles. The head, neck, and breaft, are vinaceous: back ‘dull reddifh afh-colour: belly, beneath the wings, and tip of the tail, as in the laft-mentioned bird: the quills are brown: the legs blood red. Vou. Ii. 40 Columba 649 4Ze Var. A. CHINESE GREY T. DESCRIPTION. Prace. Ze va r. B. HYBRIDAL T. DeEscriPTion, 650 BniG. En Oy atED T Columba finica, Lin. Sy/?. i. p. 284. N° 28. “La Tourterelle rayée de la Chine, Brif. orn. i. p..107. N° 16.— Buf. off, ite P- 556+ Dove from China, /biz. iii. pl. 46, Description. QI ZE of the Collared Turtle. The bill is blueifh afh-colour: irides white: the top of the head afh-colour: cheeks and fides of the neck yellow; the tips of the feathers on the laft red,. which colour is feparated from the upper part of the neck by a longitudinal band of blue: the hind part of the head, the upper part of the neck, the back, rump, and upper tail. coverts, are brown, tranfverfely marked with narrow black arcuated bands::- the breaft, belly, fides, and thighs, are rofe-colour: the leffer wing coverts are pale brown, varied with a black and white tranfverfe- mark near the tip of each feather: the other coverts are blacks. with white tips: quills black, with white edges: the tail. of a. palifh brown: the legs red; and the claws.white. Puaces This bird.inhabits China. 44, Columba ftriata, Lin. Sy. i. p. 282. N° 18.. coe ae La Tourterelle rayée des Indes, Brif. orz. i. p. 100, N° 17, == Buf. otf. iis Debbie 'Franf{verfe-ftriped or barred Dove, Edw. pl. 16. Br. Muf. Lev. Mufe Dascriprion, HIS is a trifle lefs than our Turtle: the length is- nine inches and a half. The bill three quarters of-an inch long, . and of a pale horn-colour: the noftrils pale blue: irides blue grey: the eyes placed in a bare white fkin, which paffes to the noftrils: the forehead, cheeks, and throat, are pale. blue: the top> 3 of: BL tG BE gO 3 N: of the head and hind head incline to rufous: the upper part of the neck, the back, and wing coverts, are brownifh afh-colour, marked with tranfverfe arcuated black bands: the rump the fame, but not banded: the fides of the neck and the body verge to blue, croffed with blue black tranfverfe flender lines: fore part of the neck, breaft, belly, and thighs, tinged with rofe-colour : the under tail coverts white: legs pale red: claws brown. Inhabits the Haff Indies and China. Called by the Chinefe, Fowat. Columba cyanocephala, Liz. Sy/f. i. p. 282. N° 20. La Tourterelle de la Jamaique, Bri/. orn. 1. p. 135. N° 34. pl. 13. f. 1.-= Buf. vif. ii. pe 558.—Pi. enl. 174. Turtle Dove from Jamaica, din, ii. pl. 49. Ss IZ E of the Common Pigeon: length eleven inches. The bill is near an inch in length, red at the bafe, and afh-coloured at the point: the crown of the head and the throat are blue; this colour defcends a little way down the middle of the fore part of the neck; beneath which the feathers are black, and on fome of them is a tranfverfe ftripe of white: from the lower jaw to the hind part of the head is a ftripe of white, paffing under the eye : - the hind part of the neck, back, rump, wing and tail coverts, vinaceous brown: the fore part of the neck (except juft down the middle, as above-mentioned) and the breaft, are of a fine vina- ceous colour: the belly, fides, thighs, and under tail coverts, the fame, but inclining to rufous: the quills are brown, with the outer edges rufous: the tail dufky afh-colour above, and blackifh beneath: the legs and claws are red. 402 ae This 6g Pract BLUE-HEADED DzscriPTion. — 652. PLAace. 46. SURAT T. DEsCRIPTIONe Pack. 47% CAMBAYANT, Descriprion, Puacs, 48, MALABAR T. DRScRIRTION. PogG TE HON: This bird inhabits famaica, and. the warmer parts.of the Ame=- rican continent, La Tourterelle de Surate, Son. Voy. Tid. vol. il. p. 179. LZE of. the Collared, Turtle. Bill black: irides red: head: and fore part: of the neck vinous grey: breaft, belly, ands thighs, the fame, but paler:. the feathers on the top of the neck behind are black, tipped by a white band ; on the lower.part- black alfo, but tipped by a rufous band: wing coverts pale afh. grey, each feather ftreaked with black down the fhaft, and wi-. dens as it approaches the tip: quills black:. back, rump, and. tail, deep dirty grey : under tail coverts white: legs red... Inhabits Surat, in the Eaft Indies. . La Tourterelle grife de Surate, Son. Voy. Ind. vol. ii. p. 1806 LZE of the laft. Bill black: irides red: head pale vina~. ceous grey; the feathers on the fore. part of the neck are black. for two thirds of their length, and of a pale rufous the reft : - the - hind part.of the neck and back dirty.grey: the. wing coverts ci=- nereous grey ; the quills black: the two middle tail feathers are: dirty grey; the. others half, black. half.grey : the belly, thighs, and under tail coverts, are. white: legs red. Inhabits Szra¢, and other parts of the. province of Cambaya. . La-Tourterelle de la Céte de Malabar, Sox. Voy. Ind. vol. ii. p. 180... ZB of the Collared Turtle. Bill and irides red: the head, back, and wings, are of a pale cinereous grey: the neck. and PPG = O N; 653 and breaft light, vinaceous grey: the middle wing coverts- marked with oval fpots: the two middle tail feathers. grey ; the others black for two thirds of their length, and from thence to the end white: the belly is white: the legs red. Inhabits.the coaft. of Malabar. Prace. Columba viridis, Liz. Syf.i. p. 283. N° 23. 49: La Tourterelle verte d’Amboine, Brif. orz.i. p, 152. N° 43. pl. 15: f. 2 GREEN T. Le Turvert, Buf. of. ii. p. §55. 17° Efpece. La Tourterelle 4 gorge pourprée d’Amboine, P/. ext. 142.. EN GT H feven inches. and. three. quarters. The bill is Descriptions. red, and eight lines long: the fore part of the head and the. throat are afh-coloured : the hind part of the head and neck, the. back, rump, upper tail and wing coverts, breaft, belly, fides, and thighs, green gold, gloffed with copper: the fore part of the neck. a beautifulviolet purple: the greater wing coverts above have the. outer edges at the tip brimftone ; the under wing coverts afh-colour: the quills are. blackifh, with the outer edges and tips of the fame colour as the body: the tail is blue green, gloffed with copper ;. the two middle feathers are plain, and verge to blackifh on the - inner webs; the others are all tipped with brimftone ; beneath they all appear blackith, .with the tips of a dirty white; and the under tail coverts are of a greenifh white: the legs are red, and half-covered with feathers : the claws grey brown. Inhabits the ifland of Am hm EB BR) Ci O.C K. and having painted reprefentations of the bird prefented to them at the fame time; when they put out the neck to look at the ficure, the fportfman flips a noofe over the head, and fecures his game *. In moft ages they have been efteemed as a falutary food. Hortenfius gave the example at Rome, where it was carried to the higheft luxury, and fold dear +: and a young Pea-fow/ is thought a dainty in the prefent times. The life of this bird is reckoned by fome at about twenty-five years ; by others, one hundred {. Le Paon panaché, Bri/. orn. i. p. 238. — Buf. oif. ii. p. 327. — Frifch. pl. 119. Br. Maf. Lev. Muf. HTS is no other than a mixed breed between the Common and White Peacock; and in courfe is to be feen in every variety and proportion of colour between thefe two birds. : * Tavernier’s Travels, iii. p. 57- — The inhabitants of the mountains on both fides of the Ganges catch them with a dirdlime, prepared from the milky juice of two forts of trees ||, boiled with oils into a confiftence, which proves fuf= ficiently tenacious to entangle them, or the largeft birds. — Phil. Traz/. vol. Ixxi. p. 376. _ + They muft have been in plenty notwithftanding, or the Emperor Vitellius could not have got fufficient for his large difh, called the Buckler of Minerva, which hiftory fays was filled with the livers of Scar?, tongues of Flamingoes, and brains of Pheafants and Peacocks. t Willughty. | Ficus religiofa & indicas—Linn. 671 Te Var. A. + VARIE- GATED P. DescriPTior. 672 I. Var. B, + WHITE P, DescripTion, Pp. LX. Zs JAPAN P. DESCRIPTION. Bp AC Oe KH Le Paon blanc, Brif. orn. i. p. 288,—Buf. cif. il. p. 323-—Raii Syn. p, ble A. 2.—Frifch. pl. 120. Lev. Mu. H 1S is wholly white, the eyes of the ¢raiz not excepted; but thefe are to be plainly traced out on the feathers by a different undulation of fhade, though apparently of the fame pure white colour. J believe this variety to age more common in England than elfewhere. ag I cannot clofe this account without mentioning a circumftance which now and then occurs in the females of this fpecies, vz. having the external marks of the plumage of the male: two in- ftances of which have oceurred to me; the one belonging toa friend of mine in this county; the other now to be feen in the Leverian Mufeum. ‘Yhis laft beautiful bird belonged to Lady Tynte, and had bred for fome years 3 3 but after: ceafing to lay eges, began to put out the male ojed feneres) ane 3 the time of its death appeared like a young male. ; -Pavo muticus, Lin. Sy/f. i. p. 268% Le Paon du Japon, Bri/. orz. 1. p. 289. hit ue Spicifere, Buf. cif. ii. p. 366. Pavo Japonenfis, 4/dr. au. ii. pl. 33: 34. (male and female.) — Joby. ave Ppl. 23 SIZE of the Crefted Peacock; but the bill is larger, and ath- ~ coloured: the fpace round the eyes is red: irides yellow: on the top of the head is an upright creft, four inches in length, and in fhape not much unlike an ear of corn; the colour mixed green and blue: the top of the Aa and neck are peccenh, marked = . os with Rare ere PAE, Boe eae. O) Cn: with fpots of blue, which have a ftreak of white down the mid+ dle of each: the back is greenifh blue: the breaft is blue and ereen gold mixed: the belly, fides, and thighs, afh-colour; marked with black.fpots, ftreaked with white on the belly: wing coverts and fecondaries: not unlike the back: the greater quills green, tran{verfely barred’ with black lines, but growing yel- lowifh towards the ends, where they are black: the upper tail coverts are fewer than thofe of the Common Peacock, but much longer than the tail; they are of a chefnut brown, with white fhafts, and have at the end of each a large fpot gilded in the middle, then blue, and furrounded with green: the legs are afh- colour, and not furnifhed with fpurs *. _ The female is {maller; and differs in having the belly quite Black, andthe upper tail coverts much fhorter: the tail green, edged with blue, and white fhafts. This inhabits fapan. Only known to Europe by means of a. painting; fent by the Emperor of Fapan to the Pope. Pavo bicalcaratus, Lia. Syf. i. p. 268. 2. Le Paon dela Chine, Brif. orz.i. p. 291. ge L’Eperonnier, Buf. oif/. ii. p. 368.—P2. exl. 492. 493< - Le petit Paon de Malacca, Son. Voy. Ind. it. p. 173+ pl. 99.1 Peacock Pheafant, Edw. pl. 67. 69.. Lev. Muf. HIS is bigger in the body than the Common Phéafant. The bill is blackifh ;, but from the noftrils to the tip of the upper mandible red: irides yellow: feathers on the crown of the head. * Poflibly they might have been overlooked by the painter. Vou, II. 4,R. pretty: 673 FEMALE». PLACE. 30 IRIS. P. DeEscripTion~ ay Mi FEMALE. Pace. Po Ee CO Gok: pretty long, fufficient to form a creft; of a dull brown colour; between the bill and eyes naked, with a few fcattered hairs: fides of the head white: neck bright brown, firiated acrofs with dufky brown: the upper parts of the back, feapulars, and wing coverts, are dull brown, dotted with paler brown and yellowith ; befides which, each feather is marked near the end with a roundifh large’ {pot of a gilded purple colour, changing into blue and green in different lights: lower part of the back and rump dotted with white: all the under parts brown, ftriated tranfverfely with black: quills dufky; the fecondaries marked with the fame fpot as the reft of the wing: the upper tail coverts are longer than the tail, and each marked at the end with a fpot like the wing feathers, each of which is furrounded firft with a circle of black, and ultimately with an orange one: the legs and claws are brown, and on the back part of each leg are two fpurs, one above the other. The female is fmaller by one third. The head, neck, and under parts, are brown; the head fmooth: the upper parts are alfo brown, and the feathers marked with a dull blue fpot, fur- rounded with dirty orange: the feathers which cover the tail are alfo the fame, but marked at the end with an obfcure dull oval fpot of blue: the legs are without fpurs. Thefe are indigenous to Cina, from whence they have been brought alive into England, and for fome time in the poffeffion of Dr. Fames Monro. The male is now in the Leverian Mufeum, in the fineft prefervation. j Sonnerat obferves, that the bird from whence his defcription was taken had two fpurs on one leg, and three on the other. This muft furely be a Ju/us nature ; efpecially as he OR it is the fame as that in Edw. pl. 67. 9 Pavo Be EL AG Ol. Cock. Pavo Tibetanus, Liz. Sy. i. p. 2€8. 2. B. Le Paon du Tibet, Bri/. orz. i. p. 294.10. pl. 28. A. f, 2. Le Chinquis, Buf. o:/. ii. p. 365. I ZE of the Pintado: length two feet one inch and a half. Bill above one inch and a half long, and cinereous: irides yellow: the head, neck, and under parts, afh-colour, marked with: blackifh lines: the wing coverts, back, and rump, grey, with fmall white dots; befides which, on the wing coverts and back are large round fpots of a fine blue, changing in different lights to violet and green gold: the quills and upper tail coverts are alfo grey, marked with blackifh lines; the quills have two round blue fpots on each, like thofe of the coverts; onthe outer webs, and on each tail feather, there are four of the fame, two on each fide the web; the middle coverts are the longeft, the others fhorten by degrees: the legs are grey, furnifhed with two fpurs behind, like the laft fpecies: claws blackith. This inhabits the kingdom of Zhibee. The Chinefe give it the name of Chin-tchien-Khi. 4R2 GENUS 675 4. THIBET P. DeEscCRIPTION. PLACE. Te AMERICAN T. DescriPTioNne 10 676.4 Genus XLVI. TURKEY. N° x. American T. N° 3. Guan T, Var. A. Domettic T. 4: Macou dy. 2. Horned T. §. Marail T. HE bill in this genus is convex, thort, and ftronge. Noftrils open, pointed at one end, lodged in a mem- brane. Head and neck, or throat (fometimes all three), covered with naked carunculated flefh; the fkin of the laft flaccid, and mem- branaceous. Tail broad, extenfible. Meleagris Gallopavo, Zin. Sy. i. p. 268. 1.—Faun. Suec. N° 198. Le Dindon fauvage, Brif. orn. i. p. 162. B. New England Wild Turkey, Radi Syn. p. 51. 3.—Phil.Tran/. vol. Ixxii. ps 67. Lev. Muf. HE Turkey, in its domefticated ftate, feldom exceeds three feet and a half in length; but in that of nature is confiderably larger, and greatly inclines to black, which in fome lights appears of the moft refplendent gilded copper-colour, in others, of a gloffy green, and in fome parts inclining to purple: greater wing coverts glofly brown: quills green gold, growing black towards the end, and white at the tips: the tail confifts of eighteen brown feathers mottled with black; the ends black; its Cee es TT Oieek Bx. its coverts waved black and white: on the breaft a tuft of black. hairs full eight inches in length. In other things refembling Turkeys in common; fuch as having a bare, red, carunculated head and neck; a flefhy dilatable appendage hanging over the bill ; and a fhort, ftout, blunt fpur, or rather knob, at the back part of the leg. The female wants the tuft of hairs on the breaft for the moft part, though it is now and then feen in an old hen, but fcarce above half the length or fulnefs as in the wale. The legs of the femée le alfo want the {pur. A bird, anfwering the above defcription, is in the Leverian Mufeum, which is faid to have come from Georgia. It is without a doubt that Turkies originally came from Ame- rica“, and are found to be largeft in the northern parts of that continent +, where they are frequently met with by Aundreds in a flock: in the day-time frequent the woods, where they feed on acorns, and return at night to the /wamps to rooft, which they do on the trees. They are frequently taken by means of dogs, © though they run fafter for a time; but the dogs perfifting in the purfuit, the birds foon grow fatigued, and take to the higheft trees, where they will fuffer themfelves to be fhot one after an- other, if within reach of the markfman. * Fermin obferves, that they weigh twenty-five pounds at Surinam. Catefby {peaks of thirty pounds and upwards in Carolina ; though others mention forty or more. In this climate we have not met with one of a greater weight than éwenty-five, and even that uncommon. : + Phil, Tranf,—Introduced, as is fuppofed, into Exgland about the year 1524. It is-certain that the name does not occur in the lift of Archbifbop Nevil’s Feaft, nor is it mentioned in the Earl of Northumberland’s Houfebold Bock, fo late as the year 1512, 3 The 677 FEMALE» PLACE anp MANNERGe 678 8 Ty, Uy Ry K Ey Y. The hen begins to lay early in the fpring, and will often pro- duce a great number of eggs, which are white, marked with reddith or yellow fpots, or rather freckles. She fits well, and is careful of her young, of which, in this climate, fhe will often have from fourteen to feventeen for one brood, but fcarce ever fits more than once in a feafon™, except allured thereto by put- ting frefh eggs under her as foon as the firft fet are hatched; for as fhe is a clofe fitter, will willingly remain two months on the neft; though this conduct, as may be fuppofed, is faid greatly to injure the bird. Turkies are bred in quantities in fome of the paneer counties of England, and are driven up to London towards autumn for fale, in flocks of feveral hundreds ; which are collected from the fe- veral cottages about Norfolk, Suffolk, and neighbouring counties, the inhabitants of which think it well worth their while to attend carefully to them, by making thefe birds a part of their family, during the breeding-feafon. It is pleafing to fee with what faci- lity the drivers manage them, by means of a bit of red rag faftened to the end of a ftick ; which, from their antipathy to it as a colour, acts to the fame effect as a fcourge to a quadruped. It is needlefs to fay further of the general manners than the above ; whoever may be defirous of perufing more, may be fully fatisfied with that of Mr. Pennant in the Phil. Tranf.: but if he wifhes a longer detail, the account at large in the Ht. des oi/. may be ” with propriety recommended. * Said to have three broods in a year in the We Indies. Meleagris Ty Wee) EY Meleagris Gallopavo, Liz. Sy/. i. p. 268. 1. 6.—Fri/ch. t. 122. Le Dindon, Brif. org. i. p. 158. 1. pl. 16.—Baf. oz/. 11. p. 132. pl. 3— PI, enl. 97. ; Turkey, Radi Syz. p. 51. A. 3.—Will. orn. p. 159. pl. 27-—Albin iii. pl. 35. Br. Zool, i. N° 97.—Phil. Tranf. vol. \xxite p. 67. Br. Muf. Lev. Mus. { NDER this head may be comprehended all the varieties which have arifen from domeftication. The moft common is dark grey, inclining to black, cr barred dufky white and black. There is alfo a beautiful variety of a fine deep copper-colour, with the greater quills pure white; the tail of a dirty white; and is, when old, a moft beautiful bird. A variety with a pure white plumage * is alfo now not unfre- quent, and appears very beautiful; it was once efteemed as a great rarity, and the breed fuppofed originally to have arifen in Holland rt. In the Leverian Mufeum is alfo a common Turkey, with a large tuft of feathers on its head, much refembling one figured by Albin ft. * The packet of long hairs on the breaft excepted, which is d/ack throughout all the varieties, and is as confpicuous in this as any of the others. + Phil. Tranf.—This probably is not a late variety, as a pair of white Turkies are reprefented going into Noah’s ark, among the reft, in a painting of Baler §. —Barringt. Mifc. t Vol. ii. pl. 35.—Brif- orn. ii. p. 161. § Which of the two Bafans is not faid ; one of them died in the year 1540, the other in 1594. Meleagris We Var. A. DOMESTIC T. DescripTion. COPPER-CO- . LOURED. WHITE. CRESTED. 680 TE ORS TK RON Meleagris fatyra, Liz. Sy/. i. p. 269. 3. Le Faifan corau de Bengale, Bri/: orn, App. p. 144 N° 17. Le Napaul, ou Faifan cornu, Buf. oi/. ii. p. 362. Horned Pheafant, Edw. pl. 16. 2. HORNED T. DESCRIPTION. IZE between the Fow/ and a Yurkey. Bill brown: the noftrils, fore part of the head, and round the eyes, covered with flender black hairy feathers: top of the head red: behind each eye fprings a flefhy callous blue fubftance like a orn, tend= ing backwards: on the fore part of the neck, and throat, is a loofe flap, of an exceeding fine blue colour, marked with orange fpots ; the lower part of it befet with a few hairs; down the middle it is loofer than on the fides, being wrinkled : the breaft, and upper part of the back, of a full red: the neck and _ breaft incline to orange: the other parts of the plumage and tail rufous brown, marked all over with white fpots, encompaffed with black: the legs are whitifh, and furnifhed ‘with a fpur behind each. : A head of this was fent to Dr. Mead from Bengal, with a. drawing of the bird:; it was, called Napaul Pheafant. 3. Meleagris criftata, Lin. Syfsi. p. 269. 2+ GUAN T, Le Dindon du Brefil, Brif orn. i. p. 162, 2. Jacupema, Raéi Syn. p. 56. 2.—Will. orn. p. 165. pl. 283. Guan, or Quan, Edw. pl. 13. Lev. Muf. Diescear rion LZE ofa Fowl: length two feet fixinches. Bill two inches. long,. and black : irides dirty orange: fides of the head co- yered: 3) n “ pia! 7? , 4 Ista} NV A + im Ut RE K. ED Y: vered with a naked purplifh blue fkin, in which the eyes are placed: beneath the throat, for an inch and a half, the fkin is loofe, of a fine red colour, and covered only with a few hairs . the top of the head is furnifhed with long feathers, which the bird can erect as a creft at will: the general colour of the plumage brownifh black, gloffed with copper in fome lights; but the wing coverts have a greenifh and violet glofs: the quills moft incline to purple: the fore part of the neck, breatt, and belly, are marked with white fpots: thighs, under tail coverts, and the tail itfelf, brownith black: the legs are red: the claws black. Some of thefe birds have little or no creft, and are fuppofed to be females. ae ie This inhabits Braf/, where it is often made tame. It frequently makes a noife not unlike the word Facu. The feth is much efteemed. Se — L’Yacou, Buf. off. ii. p. 387.—Mem, fur Cayenne, vol.i. p. 398. pl. Gt SOMEWHAT bigger than a Fow/. The bill black: the head feathers long and pointed, forming a creft, which can be erected at pleafure: irides pale rufous: fpace round the eyes naked, of a blueifh colour, and not unlike that of a Zurkey : it has alfo a naked membrane, or kind of wattle, of a dull black ; the blue fkin comes forward on the bill, but is not liable to change colour like that of the Turkey : the plumage has not much variation ; it is chiefly brown, with fome white mark- ings on the neck, breaft, wing coverts, and belly: the tail is compofed of twelve feathers, pretty long, and even at the end: legs red. . _ Vor. 1. ali 48 ‘This 681 Place. as YACOU T. Pi. LXI. DEscripTione 682 PLACE AND Manners: 5e MARAIL T. DescRIPTION, TURKEKE *® This is found at Cayenne, but is a rare bird, being met with only in the inner parts, or about the Amazons country ; though in much greater plenty up the river Oyapoc, efpecially towards Camoupi: and indeed thofe which are feen at Cayenne are moftly --tame ones ; for it is a familiar bird, and will breed in that ftate, and mix with other poultry. It makes the neft on the ground, and hatches the young there, but is at other times moftly feen _ ontrees. It frequently erects the creft, when pleafed, or taken notice of, and likewife {preads the tail upright, like a fan, in the manner of the Turkey. It has two kinds of cry; one like that of a young Turkey, the other lower, and more plaintive: the firft of thefe is thought by the Indians to exprefs the word Cowye- weit, the other Yacou. Le Marail, Buf. cif. ii. p. 390. Faifan verdatre de Cayenne, P/. ex. 338. Le Maraye, Mem. Jur Cay. vol. i. p. 383. pl. 3. 4.-=—-Defer. de Surin, vol. ii. P- 149+ IZE of a Fowl, and not unlike it in fhape. The bill and irides blackifh: round the eye bare, and of a pale red: chin, throat, and fore part of the neck, fcarcely covered with feathers;. but the throat itfelf is bare, and the membrane elongated to half an inch or more: both this, and the fkin round the eyes, change colour, and become deeper and thicker when the bird is irritated: head feathers longifh, fo as to appear like a creft when raifed up, which the bird often does when agitated; at which time it alfo erects thofe of the whole head, and fo disfigures itfelf as to be fcarce known: the general colour of the plumage is a greenifh black ; the fore part of the neck tipped with white: the wings y Uy ak EY wings are fhort: the taillong; confifts of twelve feathers, which are even at the end, and in common is pendent, but can be lifted up, and fpread out like that of the Turkey: the legs and toes of a bright red: claws crooked, and fomewhat fharp*. This fpecies is common in the woods of Guiana, at a diftance from the fea, though it is much lefs known than could be imagin- ed: found in fmall flocks, for the moft part, except in breeding- time, when it is only feen by pairs, and then frequently on the ground, or on low fhrubs; at other times on high trees, where it roofts of nights. The female makes her neft on fome low bufhy tree, as near the trunk as poffible, and lays three or four eges. When the young are hatched, they defcend with their mother, after ten or twelve days. The mother atts as other fowls, fcratching on the ground like a Hen, and brooding the young, which quit their nurfe the moment they can fhift for themfelves. They have two broods in 4 year; one in December or January, the other in May or Fune. The beft time of finding thefe birds is morning or evening, being then met with on fuch trees whofe fruic they feed on, and are difcovered by fome of it falling to the ground. The young birds are eafily tamed, and feldom forfake the places where they have been brought up: they need not be houfed, as they prefer the roofting on tall trees to any other place. Their cry is not * In acollection from Cayenne was a bird, I believe, of this very {pecies : it was twenty-eight inches long: bill like that of a Fow/; brown; and rather hooked : round the eye bare: head crefted: feathers of the fore part .of -the- neck tipped with white: breaft and belly rufous:brown :the-reit of the plumage greenifh brown ; tail eleven inches long, and rounded at the end: the quills juft reach beyond the rump: legs brown: claws hooked. 452 inharmonious, 683 PLact anp Manwerse, 634" Te Re Ri. Bn o¥e, inharmonious, except when irritated or wounded, when it is harfh and foud. The flefh is much efteemed. Buffon fuppofes this bird to be the female of the Yacou, or at leaft a variety; but that this cannot be, the anatomical in{pection will at once determine. The windppe of this bird has a fingular conftruction, paffing along the neck to the entrance of the breaft, where it rifes on the outfide of the flefh, and, after going a little way downwards, returns, and then paffes into the cavity to the lungs. It is kept in its place on the outfide by a mufcular ligament, which is perceivable quite to the breaft-bone. This is found to be the cafe in both male and female, and plainly_ proves that it differs from the Yacou, whofe windpipe has no fuch circumvolution in either fex. If this be the bird mentioned by Fermin *, he fays that the creft is cuneiform, and of a black and white.colour; and ob- ferves that they are fcarce at Surinam +. Bancroft mentions a bird of Guiana by the name’ of Marrodéa, which he fays is wholly of a*brownifh black: the bill the fame = legs grey. Thefe, he fays, are common; and make a noife not unlike the name given it, perching om trees. The Indians imi» tate their cry fo exaétly, as to lead'to the difcovery of the place the birds are in, by their anfwering it. The fiefh of them is Tike that of a Fow/.. I. think. it can be no. other than the Marai.. ” Hif. of Guiana, p. 176: ‘¢ Isdoes not feem quite certain, whether he means this fpecies orthe laft.. GEnus: Gets. a Genus) XE.) SPIN A Do: N° 1. Guinea P.. N° 2. Mitred P. Var. A. White-breafted P. Qa Crelted yr: HE characters of this genus are: The bill convex, ftrong, and fhort; at the bafe a ca- runculated cere, in which the noftrils are lodged. Head and neck naked, flightly befet with briftles. A horn, reflected, and: large, on the head *. Wattles hanging from the cheeks. Tail fhort, pointing downwards. Numida Meleagris, Liz. Sy/f.i. p. 273.—Muf. Adolph. Fr. ite p. 27.— Scop. ann. i. N° 165.—Hafelg. Voy. ps 274, N® 24. — Frifch. pla 1263 La Peintade, Brif. orn. i. p. 176. pl. 18.— Buf. oif. ii. p. 163. pl. 4.— Pl; exl. 108. Guiney Hen, or Pintado, Rati Syx. p. 528.—p. 182. 17.—Will. orn. p. 162. pl. 26. 27.—Sloan. Fam. p. 302.—Brown. Fam, p. 470. Br. Muf- Lev. Mu/. JT HIS is. bigger than a large Cock: length twenty-two inches. The bill an inch and a quarter long, and of a reddifh horn-colour: the head is bare. of feathers, and blueifh; and at the top of the back part is-a blueifh red protuberance, of a conical fhape, and compreffed on the fides: on each fide of the * The laft fpecies has a cre# of feathers inflead of a born. upper ie + GUINEA P. DiscripTiox. 686 FEMALE. PLACE AND MANNERS. Bi hee oo Ale O; upper mandible, at the bafe, hangs a blueifh red wattle: the upper part of the neck is fparingly befet with hairy feathers, and the fkin which appears between is of blueifh afh-colour: the lower part of the neck is feathered, and inclines more to violet: the reft of the plumage is black, marked with round fpots of white of different fizes, which are croffed in the intermediate fpaces with grey, the wings and tail not excepted: the legs are greyifh brown. The female has the wattles rather lefs in fize, and red, which in the male are inclined to blue. The native place of this bird is, without doubt, Africa; and is the Me/eagris * of old authors. It is fuppofed originally to have come from Nubia +, and was efteemed in the Roman banquets. Met with wild in flocks of two or three hundred, by various travellers. Dampier found them in numbers in the ifland of Mayo t; and Forfter {peaks of them as plenty at St. Fago§; but they have been tranfported into the Weft Indies || and America **, and are now in a wild ftate in thofe places, as well as dometfti- cated. This f{pecies is very common alfo in Europe, and the flefh of the young birds much efteemed. The female lays many eggs in a feafon ++, which by fome are fet under Hens, and require * Pallas Spic. iv. p. 15.—Hi/t. des oif. ii. p. 172. note (0). + Haffelquift.—From whence he fays alfo Apes, Parrots, &c. ‘are brought to Cairo, and other parts of Africa. { Damp. Voy ii. p' 1. p. 23. § Forp. Voy. p. 39» ‘|| Sloan. ** Kalm. +f As far as an hundred to an hundred and fifty, at S+. Domingo—Hif. des aif, vel. di, p. 185. 3 care PB) 1UNtg A D' oO: care in the bringing up, though in fome feafons may be raifed without difficulty. They are fond of having a large range ; but if there is much fhelter, the hen will often fecrete a neft, and appear on a fudden with more than twenty * young ones at her heels. This I have known feveral times to have happened. The egg is fmaller than that of a Hen, and more of a rounded fhape; the colour a reddifh white, obfcurely freckled with a darker colour. This fpecies is very clamorous the day through, having a creaking harfh kind of note, fomewhat like a door turning on its rufty hinges, or an ungreafed axle-tree; and when at rooft is often fo eafily difturbed, as to hinder the reft of a family, the whole night through, from its noife. i La Peintade 4 Poitrine blanche, Bri/. orz.i. p. 180. Ay Guinea Hen, 4/diz. ii. pl. 35. “White-breafted Guinea Hen, Brown. Jam. p. 470. HIS differs merely in having a white breaft, marked with large fpots of black, in which are fmaller ones of white : the four firft quills, and the fame number of the outmoft greater eoverts, are alfo white. This is faid to be found at Famaica; and is in fact no. more than a mere variety, of which many others are likewife found in England, as it varies much. In fome, the ground of the plumage is bluetfh, inftead of. black ; in others, fo very pale as to make the white fpots very little confpicuous ; and not unfrequently of * Three or four and twenty very common,.and not unfrequently as far. as swenty-feven. a pure 687 WHITE- BREASTED P.. DEscRIPTIONe PLAGE. 638 2. MITRED P. DescRIPTION. PLACRo CRESTED P. Pr. LXII. DESCRIPTION. BOC TEN ATA Dy Os a pure white throughout. Specimens of all which are to be feen in the Leverian Mufeum. Numida mitrata, Pall. Spic. iv. p. 18. t. 3. f. 1. (the heady. S! ZE of the Common Pintado. Bill yellowifh: the head crowned with an helmet, but fmaller than in the laft: the whole crown, and about the bill, of a full but dirty red colour: on each fide of the gape is a longifh linear portion of flefh, pointed at the end; longeft in the ma/e, and of a red colour at the tip: under the throat is a kind of wattle, of a longitudinal form, in which it feems femewhat allied to the Turkey: the upper part of the neck is blueifh and naked: body black: the feathers on the lower part of the neck tranfverfely undulated with white, and the body fpotted with the fame, as in the common, but the ground-colour is more black, and the fpots larger: legs blackith. This fpecies inhabits Madagafcar and Guinea. Pallas a to think that it may be the bird mentioned by Columella* differing from the common one; and will account for Pliny’s : having thought the Numida and Meleagris to be different birds. | This fort is not common. Numida criftata, Pall. Spic. iv. p. 15. t. 2. HIS is between the Common Pintado and a Partridge in fize. Bill :horn-colour ; at the bafe furnifhed with a kind of fpu- rious cere, in which the noftrils are placed: it has no wattles, * De Re Rufticd, lib. viiis cap. 2. + Nat. Hip. lib, x. cap. 8. but PL.LXI. CLE Lo Pol Nee A! DE OG. but at the angles of the mouth is a kind of fold: the head and neck, beyond the middle, are naked, of a dull blue, befet only with a few fcattered hairs; the fpace round the ears moft co- vered: the fore part, from the throat, fanguineous: on the head is a large creft, compofed of thick-fet flender black feathers; the ereateft part of this turns backwards, but the fore part of it falls forwards over the bill: the whole plumage is black; the neck, and fore part of the body, immaculate; the reft covered with blueifh fpots of the fize of millet-feed; on fome feathers there - are four, and on others three on each web: the prime quills blackifh brown; fecondaries the fame, with four {pots on each fide the fhafts; two or three of thofe on the outer margins, broad and white: tail croffed with tranfverfe undulated lines : legs blackifh: hind claw elevated from the ground, and blunt. This fpecies likewife inhabits Africa. Perhaps it may have fome relation to the crefted fort which Marcgrave mentions to have feen, and which came from Sierra Leon. ‘This had a kind of membranous collar about the neck, of a blueith afh-colour, and a large roundih black creft *. * Caput tegit crifta rotunda, multiplex, conftans pennis-eleganter nigris.— Marcgr. Hift. Nat. Braf. p. 192. “ Vo. Il. 4 T GENuS PLAc&. 689 [ 690 } Genus L. CURASSOW.. N° r. Crefted C. (Male), Var. B. Var. A. ——C, ——B. N° 2. Globofe C. ——C. 3. Cufhew C. Crefted C. (Female.) 4. Crying C. Var. A. ILL convex, ftrong, and thick; the bafe covered with a cere, often mounted by a large knob. Noftrils fmall, lodged in the cere. Head fometimes adorned with a creft of feathers curling at. the ends. Tail large, ftrait. Crax alector, Liz. Syff. i. p. 269. te—Scop. ann. i. N° 163.—Fri/ch. pl. 121. Le Hocco de la Guiane, Brif. orz.i. p. 298. pl. 29.—Buf. otf. ii. p. 373. pl. 13.—P/. el. 86. Mituporanga, Raii Syn. p. 52. 6.—p. 183. 19—Will. orn. p. 161. pl. 28. the head. Peacock Pheafant of Guiana, Bancr. Guian. p. 173¢ Quirizai, or Curaffo, Brown. Fam. p. 470.—Sloan. Fam. p. 302. pl. 260. Currefo, Damp. Voye ii. pt 2. p.67.— iii. pt 1. p. 75+ Lev. Mufr Ie 4-CRESTED C, Tue Mate. IZE of a fmall Turkey: length near three feet. The bill is an inch and three quarters long, and dufky or horn-colour, and ‘DESCRIPTIONo CUM REA Se Si OW W and covered from the middle with a kind of cere or fkin, which paffes backwards quite round the eyes, and behind them: the general colour of the plumage is a full black; the feathers of the neck foft and velvety : on the top of the head ftands a kind. of upright creft, compofed of twifted black feathers; the longeft of them three inches, and others much fhorter: the loweft part of the belly, vent, and thighs, are white: the tail is eleven inches long, and confifts-of fourteen feathers, a little rounded in fhape, and black: the legs are ftrong, and of a dufky or brown colour. It varies in having the belly barred with white; and the ends of the tail feathers of the fame colour. Thefe are frequent at Guiana; and are called Powe/e by the natives, from their cry, which is fomewhat finailar ; are pretty numerous in the woods, and. make no {mall part of the food of the planters, being fupplied therewith by the diam hunters; and their flefh is reckoned delicate, much like that of a Zurkey. They are eafily brought up tame, and are frequently found in the Dutch fettlements of Berbice, Ejfequebo, and Demerary. They are called at Brafil by the name of Curaffo. Crax Mitu, Liz. Syf. i. p. 270. 3. Le Hocco du Brefil, Brif. orn. 1. p. 296. 11. Mitu vel Mutu, Razz Syn. p. 52. 4.—Will. orn. p. 158. pl. 28. IZE of the others. Bill crooked, not thick, an inch and a half long; the upper chap almoft four times as large as the lower; it is of a flefh-colour, with a whitith tip: behind the ear a white naked fpot: on the head are long feathers, which can AS Agro be 691 PLACEe Te Var A. Mate. DEscRIFTION, 692 Te Var. Be Mate. DescrIpT1ONs Te Var. C, Mate. Description. Cy Un Raa Ss. Sa ORW.. be elevated into a confpicuous creft; thofe on the head, neck, and breaft, comparable to velvet: the whole of the plumage is black, except the belly, and under the tail, which are of a brown colour, almoft like that of a Partridge: the tail is a foot in length. This is a mere variety of the male, which, as well as the female, differs exceedingly in plumage, efpecially when in a ftate of. dometticity. Hocco, Faifan de la Guiane, P/. en/. 86. a HIS differs in having the tip of the tail white. Lev. Muf. Further variety of the male has a white creft, tipped with black: the neck alternately barred with black and white ; and the breaft marked with narrow bars of white, three quarters of an inch afunder: the fore part of the neck is brown, as far as the belly; and the thighs are alfo brown: the vent is white. This variety is in the Leverian Mufeum; where is one much the fame, except in the tail, which is barred alternate with black and white. 4 Crax Biobetcracs x Be te ae JETP ES nes a Ce a jj Men creme Curafrae if © UCR: Ay S, S70 -W, 693 Crax rubra, Lin. Sy. i. p. 270. 2. I. Le Hocce de Perou, Brif. orz. i. p. 305. 16.—Buf. of. li. p. 375. pl. 14.— Cee ct PI. enl. 123. Coxilitli, Raié Syz. p. 57? Red Peruvian Hen, 4/din. iii. pl. 40. Br. Mu. Lev. Muf. IZE of the male. Bill afh-coloured: irides red: cere and Description» creft as the male; the feathers of the laft white, tipped with black: the head, and hind part of the neck, deep afh-colour : the fore part of the neck, and the reft of the plumage, red brown: tail plain dufky black: legs brown. The female alfo varies much. In one I obferved the neck to Var, Ay. be barred alternately white and black, as in fome of the males : the lower part of the belly, and vent, white: tail plain brown. In the Leverian Mufeum is alfo another, of a reddifh brown, Vaal Bee barred all over of a cream-colour. But the moft beautiful variety which T have yet feen, is in Seger my own collection. In this the general colour is red brown ; paleft on the under parts: the bill the colour of yellow oker, with a brown tip: fides. of the head covered with feathers, and black: creft white, tipped with black: the whole of the neck — encircled with alternate rings of black and white: the tail red brown, croffed with eight or nine bars of yellowifh white, ermined with dufky fpots, and bounded above and below with: blackifh: the legs are yellowifh: claws dufky. oe The: 694 PLACE AND MANNERS. CYUURE/ AS SSO FW, The gibbofity, which is more or lefs feen at the bafe of the upper mandible, has been flightly paffed over in the above-men- tioned defcriptions ; but it feems to vary fo exceedingly in all the fpecimens that I have feen, that I am inclined to think, with Edwards, that the larger gibbofity is the effect of age, and that it is always proportionably fmaller in the females than the males ; and in the laft, when young, it is very little elevated: the bare {pace round the eyes alfo varies much; in fome birds it is totally bare of feathers, and of the fame colour as the bill; in others ftill bare, but black ; and in many individuals well covered with fhort feathers. Thefe birds are natives of Mewico and Peru, and in the ftate of nature are perhaps of fuch colours as the male and female firtt defcribed ; but as they foon become familiar, they are kept in all the warmer parts of America and the Weft India iflands as we do Turkies in England ; and in courfe, like them, fubjeét to infinite varieties. In the wild ftate they frequent mountainous places, and are fo exceedingly tame as to fuffer themfelves to be fhot at feveral times without offering to efcape. They feed on fruits, and perch of nights on trees: the flefh is white, and efteemed very good food. They are frequently kept tame in our menageries in England, and readily mix with other poultry, feeding on bread and grain ; but this climate is not near warm enough for their nature, not being able to bear the dampnefs of the grafs of our meadows, which renders them fubject to have their toes rot off. They will often live in this ftate fome time; and in one inftance which we faw, the whole of one foot was gone, and but part of one toe left on the other, before the creature died. 10 Crax Col Ry Ara 5) OF WW, Crax globicera, Lin. Sy. i. p. 270. 4+ Le Hocco de Curaflow, Brif. oru.i. p. 300. 13+ Gallus Indicus alius, Al/dr. Rati Syn. p. 52. 7% Another Indian Cock, Will. orn. p. 162. Curaffow Cock and Hen, Adin. ii. pl. 31. 32. Curaffow Bird, Edw, pl. 295. f.-1. IZE of the others. The tip of the bill is afh-coloured; the reft of it yellow: on the top over the noftrils is a round knob like a cherry, very hard, and of a fine yellow : the irides are red: round the eyes white: on the head the feathers are Jong, and form a creft, that points forwards; the feathers of it are black, with white tips, which are a little bent: the reft of the plumage is black, except the lower part of the belly, vent, and acrofs the thighs, all of which are white: legs pale ferru- ginous. The female has the head and hind part of the neck black : the creft is black, croffed with a white band: fome of the neck feathers have white tips: the fore part of the neck and breaft, back, and wings, are of a dull brown: the upper part of the belly white, with fome of the feathers tipped with black: lower part of the belly, vent, and thighs, pale yellowifh brown: the tail is black, croffed with four broad bands of. white: the knob on the bill is yellow, as in the male; but the bill and legs are afh-colour. Inhabits Guiana, efpecially about Curafow ; and perhaps, on further inveftigation, may prove a mere variety of the former ones.. Crax 695 Zo GLOBOSE C. Description. FEMALE, PLACcs. 696 30 CUSHEW C. DescripTION. FEMALE, PLace. 4. CRYING C. DEscRIPTION: PLAceE. CR A & Sia) Ww Crax Pauxi, Lin. Sy/f. i, p. 270. 5. Le Hocco du Mexique, Brif. orz. i. p. 302. 14.—Bzf. cif. ii. pe 448. Le Pierre de Cayenne, Pi. exl. 78. Pauxi, Raii Syn. p. 52. 5.—Will. orn. p. 161. 394. Cufhew Bird, Edw. pl. 295. f. 2. Lev. Muf. IZE of the others, but rather of a more elegant make. Bill red: at the bafe of the forehead is a very large gibbofity, as big as a fmall pear, and not unlike it in fhape; this is very hard, and of a fine blue colour; the bafe of the mandible is alfo blue: the plumage is of a gloffy purplifh blue black, except the lower belly, under tail coverts, and tip of the tail, which are white : the legs are pale red: claws black. The female differs only in having thofe parts brown which are red in the male. Thefe inhabit Mexico. Le Chacamel, Buf. oi/. ii. p. 394. Chachalacametl, Fern. Hift. N. H. ch. 41.—Raii Syn. p. 163.. HE bird here fpoken of is mentioned by Fernandez, who gives a very flight defcription; viz. that the bill is blueifh: the back brown: the breaft blue: and the belly of a whitifh brown : and that it is of the fame fize with the others. This inhabits A¢exico, and cries like other Fowls, or rather like the whole family of the Poultry-yard together; for it is fo loud and fo continual, that one of thefe often makes more noife than all the reft of them put together. The Mexican name Chachalacametl, fignifies Crying Bird. This is faid to frequent mountainous places, as the Curafows, do, where it brings up the young. ee GENUS { 657 ] Genus LL PHEASANT. N° 1. Wild Cock. N° 2. Superb Pheafant. Var. A. Domettic C. 3. Argus Ph. —— B. Crefted C. 4. Common Ph. —— C. Darking C. Var. A. Ring Pk. —— D. Frizzled C. me B, Variegated Phe —— E. Rumplefs C. —— C. White Ph. —— F. Dwarf C. —— D. Hybridal Ph. —— G. Bantam C. —— E. Turkey Ph. —— H. Rough-footed §- Painted Ph. C. 6. Pencilled Ph. —— I. Turkifh C. 7. Crefted Ph. —— K. Paduan C. 8 Motmot Ph. —— L.NegroC. ~ g. Parraka P. —— M. Silk C. 10. Courier Ph. HE bill in this genus is convex, fhort, and ftrong. Head more or lefs covered with carunculated bare flefh on the fides, which in fome is continued upwards to the crown, and beneath fo as to hang pendent under each jaw. Legs (for the moft part) furnifhed with fpurs behind. Vou. I, aU : Cog 698 Ie WILD COCK, Dascrirrion, Pe A ERAS CAG IND ol Coq fauvage des Indes, Sox. Vey. Ind. vol. ti. p. 153. pl. g4e Poule, OD —-——— p. 160. pl. gs. THE length of this bird is two feet four inches. The bill an inch and a quarter: the body one-third lefs than in the Dometic Cock : the comb large, dentated, and of a bright red: the wattles as in the common Cock : the fides of the head, and a longitudinal line between the creft and eye, naked; all the naked parts are flefh-coloured : behind the eye is a pearl-coloured fpot, of the fize and fhape of the little finger nail, compofed of very fhort feathers: thofe on the head and neck are long and narrow, the longeft below; the webs of them equal on each fide; the fhafts are broad, and fo vifible as to give each feather the appear- ance of being ftriped down the middle; at the bafe the colour is grey, in the middle black, and at the end white, at which part the fhaft is fpread out, and appears as a yellowifh white fpot, of a glofly appearance, and in fubftance horny, like that in the wing of the Chatterer: the feathers of the upper parts of the body are long and narrow, greyifh, croffed with white; on each fide of the white ftripe is one of black: the breaft, fides, and thighs, are like thofe above, but broadeft on the thighs: the feathers of the breaft incline to rufous, and have a gloffy cartilaginous ap- pearance, like thofe of the neck: the wings reach to the begin- ning of the tail: quills of a dufky black ; thofe of the leffer co- verts like the back; the greater, long, narrow, and ftiff; of a rufous-colour, inclining to chefnut, tranfverfely ftriped black and white: the tail coverts are violet, with a polifhed glofs: the tail as ufual in the Cock: the legs are five inches long, and fur- nifhed with a large bent fpur behind, of one inch one-third long. The PH E AS A NM T. The ben is one third lefs than the cock, and has neither comb nor wattles. The head and hind part of the neck are grey: cheeks and throat whitifh: the lower part of the neck behind brownith, tran{verfely ftriped with rufous white: fore parts, breaft, and belly, brown, ftriped with dirty white: fides of the body grey : the feathers of the back pale brown, tinged with grey; pale ru- fous down the fhafts: wing coverts the fame: quills blackith within, brownifh dotted with grey without: tail greyith: legs fcaly, grey: inftead of a fpur a rifing knob. This, according to the above author, is probably the ortginal ftock from whence all our domeftic varieties have originally {prung ; and inhabits the forefts of India. There are few places where the different voyagers have not met with cocks and hens, either wild or tame; and mention has been particularly made of finding them at St. Jago, Pulo Con- dore *, Ile of Timor, Philippine and Molucca ifles, Sumatra and fava t, New Guinea t, Tinian |, and moft of the ifles of the South Seas §. Te * Like ours, but much lefs; only of the fize of a Crow. The cocks crow like ours, but much more fmall and fhrill.— Damp. Voy. vol. i. p. 392. Two wild ones fhot there by our laft voyagers.—El/is’s Narr. ii. p. 340. + Thofe of Sumatra and Fava remarkably large (called the St. Fago breed) the cock fo tall as to peck off a common d:ning-table. When fatigued, fit down on the firft joint of the leg; and are then taller than the common fowls.—Hift- Sumatr. p. 98. t But not in plenty.—Talking of marriage, it is mentioned, ‘* that they kill “* a Cock which is procured with dificu/ty, and then it is a marriage.” — Forr. Voy. p. 105. || The fowls which were met with wild “¢ were run down without much trou- ** ble, as they could fcarce fly farther than one hundred yards at a flight.”— Anfon’s Voy. p. 416. § Forfter obferves, that they are plenty at Euffer, Society, and Friendly 4 U 2 Tfes 2 699 Femae, 700 Fe Var. A. DOMESTIC C. DEscrirpTION. Py Roe A SS AON: 1 In refpect to Europe, little need be faid, as varieties without end are every where feen, and their manners fully known to every one. It is obferved, however, that they breed moft freely in the warmer fituations. In the very cold regions, though they will live and thrive, they ceafe to multiply *. Phafianus Gallus, Liz. Sy/.i. p. 270. 1.—Fauz. Suec. N° 199- Le Coq & la Poule, Brif. orn. i. p. 166. 1. Coq commun, Buf. o:/. il. p. 116. pl. 2—P/. end. 1. Dunghill Cock and Hen, Raid Syn. p. 51. A. 1.—Will, orn. p. 154. pl. 26- —Albin. iii. pl. 32. Br. Muf. Lev. Muf. F this fo many varieties appear, that to defcribe them would be endlefs: however, the one here meant by the above authors, feems to have the largeft comd of any, with eight or nine ferratures : the bare fpace round the eyes larger, and the wattles hanging very low: the head, neck, back, and wing coverts, orange: greater wing coverts, quills, and under parts, white: the long fickle feathers of the tail blue black. Birds of this fort vary in colour without end, and are exceed- ingly beautiful; fometimes quite white. At the head of this fhould ftand that which is known by the name of Game-cock, which is felected on account of its courage, in which point Hfes: at the two laft of a prodigious fize. Not uncommon at the Margue/as, Hebrides, and New Caledonia; but the Loa D/es quite deftitute of them. — See OL. p. 193: Ducks and poultry numerous in the Sazdwich I/les. — Cook’s Sournal, P+ 229. * They are not found to breed in the northern parts of Syéiria; and in Sroendand are only kept as raritiess--Paun. Groenl only Pon Bes A Ne. only it differs from the reft, and is in chief ufe for the fport called Cock-fighting *. For this it is ufual, before the battle, fo to mutilate the plumage, as to render the creature unknown to thofe who have feen it only in its perfect ftate. The intention of thus trimming the bird, as it is called, is both to render it lighter, and confequently more active in itfelf, as well as to give lefs advan- tage of hold in its antagonift. | Great care is taken of the breed, as well as the after feeding, by the promoters of this fport, as is done by the gentlemen of the turf, in refpect to their running-horfes. The game-cocks of England + are confeffedly fuperior to thofe of any othernation. ‘The fighting of them has been practifed here, in a greater or lefs degree, ever fince the Romans { firft intro- duced it. In fome reigns || endeavours have been made to fup- prefs it, while in others full fanction has been given, by erecting a theatre § for the accommodation of the fpectators. We find likewife, that nations far diftant from us are fond of it; being ufed as a paftime in China, and many parts of India * Th \ * See a curious memeir on this fubje&t by Mr. Pegge, in Archeol. vol. iii. N° ig. + Coq d’Angleterre, Brif. orn. i. p. 171.—Buf. oi/. i. p. 120. — Frifch. ¢ 129. 130.——-Le Coq d’ Angleterre eft fuperieur 4 celuide France pour le com- bat.—H7f. des cif: f The original inftitution is faid to be Grecian.—Archeol. c) || Z¢ward the Third difapproved, and prohibited cock-fighting. Oliver Crom- well did’ the fame in 1654. § The Cockpit at Whitehall, founded by Henry the Eighth. King Toes the Firft was remarkably fond of cock-fighting. ** Sonnerat obferves, that there are two races of Cocks in India; the one kept’ about, their houfes merely for curiofity (as the inhabitants-do not eat fe) ; the other 701 508 PO Pee oA SS ORNS. In Sumatra they do not trim the Cocks * for this fport, as in Zug- Jana, nor is the fame kind of artificial fpur (or gaffe, as it is called) ufed, being flat; and fharp-edged, like a crooked /ancet, or rather like the blade of a /cimitar +, and proves a moft deftruc- tive weapon. This is not confined to a particular part of the leg, but is placed higher or lower, according to the weight or fize of the birds matched againft each other, left one fhould fight with advantage againft the other; and it is affirmed that the fport is carried to fo high a pitch at Sumatra, that inftances have occurred of a father ftaking his children or wife, and a_fon his mother and fifters, on the iffue of a battle ft. It fhould feem quite needlefs to defcant on the manners of our common Cocks and Hens in England, as every good houfewife finds herfelf equal to the tafk of raifing chickens under hens; but it is perhaps not fo generally known that in the warm regions they are hatched without their affiftance, by means of a properly regulated heat. This is done in overs, or rather heated chambers, other trained up for fighting: a fport which they are very fond of. Surely this cannot be general; at leaft it fhould feem not likely to be an amufement to thofe who belive in the Metempfychofis. * Neither did the ancients. Two antique gems relating to this fport, con- vince us of it, as may be feen in Archeol. vol. iii. pl.g. Indeed Cocks in full plumage appear on many gems, though not to the fame purport as in the two above mentioned.—See Wilde’s Gemm. Sele&. N? 110. 111. 143.—Auguft. Gemm. N° 199. 202. 203. —alfo three Aieroglphical ones placed on the fgs of Cocks, taken from M. Angelo’s Gemm. Antiche, in Gent. Mag. 1747. p. 388. t Perhaps the weapon called a Razor by Fryer; who fays, that in the king- dom of Vifapour, in the Eaft Indies, they ule cock-fighting with Cocks as big as Turkies, which they arm with razors tied flat under their claws.x—Fryer. Trav. Pe 175- 4 Hf, Sumatr, p. 238.—Gent. Mag. 1770. p. 564. particularly Pin EB) A JA. Wy particularly in Egypt *, where they are hatched by thoufands; and the people from all quarters come at the expected time to buy them, and rear them from the egg with very little care. How this might fucceed in the colder climates, has, we believe, not yet been tried in earneft; but it is to be feared, that it would not be attended with fuccefs. Phafianus gallus (criftatus) Liz. Sy/. i. p. 270. @.—Faun. Suec. N° 199. Bi Raii Sya. 51. A. 1. Vare 1. Le Coq huppé, Bri/. orn, i. p. 169. A.—Buf. vif. ii. p. 116.— PI, enl. 49. Copped Hen, Will. orn. p. 156. HIS differs from the common, in having a tuft of feathers on the head inftead of a comb, but having the waftles as ufual. This variety is common in Exgland, and is more or lefs erefted: in fome the creft is fo large as to hide almoft the fight of the eyes, by hanging over them. Thefe differ in colours ex- actly as the firft fpecies. Le Coq 4 cinque doigts, Bri/. orz. i. p. 169. B.—Baf. off. it. p. 124.—F rifch, t. §27. 123, Lev. Muf. HIS variety has two toes behind inftead of one; otherwife _ differs not from others. This may be accounted as a mere Sport of nature; for there is not known any bird of this order which has two toes behind in a natural ftate+. This race is * Pococke’s Trav. i. p. 38. 260. pl. 71. t The Sik Fowl has frequently two hind toes, as well as now and then other kinds. I havea leg of one of thefe which has sree toes behind ; which,’ Tam informed, is not uncommon, — At Sir Afoion Lever’s is a Cock Sparrow with /even claws on each foot, 5 common 793 I. Var. B. CRESTED C. DeEscRIPTIONe I. Var. C, DARKING ¢€, DEscripTioN., 10% I. Var. D. PRIZZLED C, DescrirTioNne PLACE. Pom FE AS AON af. common in England, but thought to be moft fo at Darking in Surrey; hence are known by the name of Darking Fowls. Thefe laft are alfo much larger than common. Phafianus gallus (cri/pus) Lin. Sy. i. p. 2716 ».—Faun. Suec. N° 199. d. % Le Coq frife, Bri/. orn. i. p. 273. 3. pl. 17. f. 1. (the cock.) — Bufs oi/. ii, p-. 121. N° 13.—Fri/ch. t. 135. (the hen.) Crifped or Friefland Hen, Ravi Syn. p. 51. A. 1. N° 4.— Will. ora. p. 156. — Bancroft Guian. p. 175.—Defcr. de Surin. il. p. 159. Bro Muf. Lev. Muf. HIS fort varies in colour equally with the others, and dif- fers only in the feathers, as the end of every one is curled up, appearing at a diftance like woo/, or rather as if the bird had juft come out of the water. This variety ts found at Fava, Fapan, and throughout the fouth of Afia, where it is likely they are natives, efpecially as the young chickens are more tender of cold, and more difficult to rear, than others in Exgland; though they are common enough, but feldom kept, except as a variety. They are alfo met with in Surinam and Guiana, and appear to be the only fort met with by Fermin and Baneroft. The laft of thefe authors adds, that they are fmaller than ours, and are brought from the inland parts, where they are reared by the Indians, and thought by them to be doudtle/s natural to this part of ° America. Their fleth faid to be firm and delicate, Phafianus Breet EAs, A. Ng Ts Phafianus gallus (ecaudatus) Lin. Syft.i. p. 271. y.— Fawn. Suec. N° 199. ye Le Cog fans croupion, ou de Perfe, Brif. orn. is p. 174. 5. — Buf. otf. il. p- 122. 16.—Frifch. t. 131. 132. Perfian Fowl, or Rumkin, Rai Sym, p. 51. A. 1. N° 3.— Will. orx. p. 156. 6. pl. 26. HIS odd variety, for fingular it appears, wants even the rudiment of a tail. It differs not from others, except in that particular. How this change is produced in England 1 know not; but it has been obferved, that thofe tranfported from Eng- land to Virginia * \oft their tails. Le ‘Cog nain, Brif. orn. is p. 171. 2.— Buf. of. ii. p. 118. 5.—Frifch. t. 133. 134- . Creeper, or Dwarf Hen, Raii Syn. p. 51. A. 1.— Will, ora. p. 156. pl. 26. H ESE have their legs exceeding fhort; from thence called Dwarfs; and befides, are confiderably fmaller than other fowls, fome not exceeding the fize of a laree Pigeon. Allied to this fort is the Acobe, or Cog de Madagafcar ||, and the Poule de LP Ifthme de Darien +, which is likewife very {mall ; has a circle of feathers about the legs; a thick tail, which it carries ftrait ; and the ends of the wings black. Other fowls, faid to come from Cambodia t, and found now in ® Phil. Tranf. vol. xvii. p. 992. |] Haft. des oif. ii. p. 117. 4. — This is faid to cover thirty eggs of their own at once. + Ibid. ii. p. 118. 6. t Ibid. ii. p. 118. — Buffon alfo mentions a fowl in Britany which is always obliged to leap, the legs being fo fhort, It is of the fize of a common fowl, and kept as being very fruitful. Vou. II. OS the TOF pels Var. E. RUMPLESS C. DeEscriPTioNe Ie Var. F. DWARF C. DescripTioNn. 906 ‘ Bi Eee A. So Aga Ty the Philippine Tfles, have the legs fo fhort as to drag the wings on: the ground. . rr Var. G. BANTAM C. Phafianus gallus (pufllus) Lin. Syff.i. p.271. ¢. Le Coq de Bantam, Bri/. orz. i. p. 172. B.— Buf. vif. il. p. 14g. 8. Bantam Cock and Hen, Aldiz. ili. pt. 33. 34.—Browa. Fam. p. 471. DescripTioNn. HIS is a fmall race, and much allied to the laft; but in fome of them the feathers are fo long on the legs and toes,. as to be quite an incumbrance in walking. This fort is much valued by fome, on account of the number of eggs which the hen lays without fitting; but the fmallnefs of them, as. well as the trifling quantity of feb on a bird of this fize,. mutt ever preclude their coming into general ufe for the table. Thefe are by fome called Boosted Fowls.. I have feen fome of them without any feathers on.the legs; but: the connoiffeurs in thefe matters call fuch birds Baflards. The Looted legs are alfo feen in. large fowls: perhaps by mixing the breed. ‘ Te Le Coq patu, Brif. orm is p. 272. A—Frifch. pl. 136. (the male.) 137. (the: ae Seale.) FOOTED C. Rough-footed Cock and Hen, Will. orn. p. 156- Description. HIS isa fmall kind, and differs only in having feathers on: the legs quite to the toes. The three laft feem fcarce to be worth feparating.. Be ee SAS ING Te Le Coq de Turquie, Bri/: orz.i. p. 170 D.—Buf. oif. ii. p. 120. 11» Turkith Cock and Hen, Will. orn. p. 156. — Aldrov. vol. ii. p. 314. (the cock.) pe 315. 316. (the hex. J—Foba/t. Av. pl. 30. I, L we can learn of this bird is, that it differs from ours; efpecially in the variety and beauty of its colours. Le Cog de Padoue, Brif. orz.i. p. 170. C. de Caux, ou de Padoue, Buf. otf. ii. p. 125. 19. Gallina Vertice tuberofo, Pallas Spic. iv. p. 20. t. 3. f. 2.2 Padua Cock and Hen, Will. orn. p. 156. — Aldrov. Av. ii. p. 310. (the cocks) p. 311. (the hen. J—Fobnf?. Av. t. 29. “aa HESE are of a very large fize, often weighing from eight to ten pounds. ‘They have a large comb on their heads, which is frequently double, in the form of a crown; befides that, a kind of creft, which is moft diftinguifhable in the bens. They have a ftronger and more rough voice than fowls in general. It is remarkable that the great fowls of Babia™ do not get well feathered till half grown. It is fo with the Paduan, as they get the feathers later than other fowls. In refpect to the Paduan breed with the large heads, Pa//as has convinced us that it is a difeafe that occafions them; for on macerating the head in wa- ter, the cavity feemed to be larger than ufual, and the bones of the /kul] perforated with fmall holes, as if carious. ‘The brain was alfo larger than common, and filled up the whole fpace. It was alfo remarked, that fuch birds were remarkably ftupid, and not long lived. i * Damp. Voy. iii. p. 76.—Hift, Sumat. p. 98. 4X 2 Phafianus I. Var. I. TURKISH C. DescRIPTION. Ye Var. K PADUAN C. DescriIPTiION. 708 To Var. L. NEGRO C. DeEscRIPTION, PLACE: I Var. M. SILK C. Descriprion. PEGE ie. Sh een, eh Phafianus gallus (sorio) Lin. Syff. i. p. 271. ds Le Coq negre, ou de Mozambic, Brifc orm is p. 174: dv — Buf. if, its po 122. 15. Blackamoor Pullet, Fryer. Trav. p. 53. -Mozambick Hen, Will. orm. p. 387% ze H E comb, wattles, fkin, and membrane which covers the bones, in this variety are black: the plumage is for the moft part of the fame colour: and the flefh itfelf, when bailed, is faid to be as black as ink *. Thefe are found about the province of Mofambique, in Africa, the coaft of Malabar, Siam, &c. and are faid to be very good eating, though at firft muft be very difgufting to an European: palate. | In fome of thefe the fleth is faid to be whizz F.. Phafianus gallus (/anatus) Lin. Syft. i. ps 271.66 Le Coq du Japon, Brif. orn. i. p.175. pl. 17. f. 2 La Poule 4 Duvet du Japon, Buf. off. ii. p. 121.—PI. eal. 98. Lev. Muf. ; H E body of this fort is wholly covered with feathers, the webs of which are fo difunited, that they appear like: hairs.: ® Celles qui ont la chair, et les os noirs font les meilleurs..— Voy. de Sian, vol, 1. p. 279. + ‘© The outward fkin was a perfeét wegro; the bones alfo as black as jez: «« under the fkin nothing could be wdAirer than the flefh, more tender, or more “" grateful.’? — Fryer. Voy. ce Siam. vol. i. p. 279. —— There are alfo at Siang fowls with black combs and fin, with white fleth. — Harris’s Coll. Voy, vol. il. p: 468. the Row EH As A NE | the general colour is white; and the bird is covered wholly on the outfide of the legs, quite to the toes. Inhabits fapan*; and reckoned fcarce even in China, where the €antonefe carry them about in cages for fale to the Europeans. Thefe feem to vary. Some which I have feen are of a pure white; others of a dingy brown; but all of them have dark- coloured legs, on which, for the moft part, is a thick, ftout, and fhort fpur, though I obferved one Cock totally without; the legs not always feathered. In the collection of Charles Boddam, Efq;. is one of thefe, with two hind toes }, and a blunt flat fpur, above an inch in length. Phafianus fuperbus, Liz, Mantiff. 1771. p. 526: H E bill in this fpecies is red: on the forehead is a red ca- runcle, fomewhat rounded in fhape, and two waftles, of a blood-red colour, under the chin, as in the Cock: the crown of the head is green; at the hind part a folded creft, of a blue colour: the hind part of the neck is green; on each fide fur- nifhed with long variegated feathers, which ftand out from the neck, and turn backwards: the fhoulders are green, fpotted with white: the wings red: prime quills blue: the body is red: the tail’ long and cuneiform; the feathers. are blue and:red mixed;. and the coverts are of ieveral colours, and fall over the fides of it: the legs are yellow, and not furnifhed with fpurs. This is a bird defcribed by Linnaeus from the various repre= ® A penalty is incurred by killing a Cock in Fapan.—See Kemp. Fap. p. 581. + Offeck mentions this eircumftance in the Siame/e fowls. — See Voy. vol. iis R. 255 t fentations 799 Pace, Ze SUPERB PH. DESCRIPTION, 3 ARGUS PH. DescriPTION. De A S A fentations of it painted on paper-hangines and China-ware ; and farther confirmed by a figure and defcription in a Chine/e book which came under his infpection. We have lately feen a drawing of the tail feather of a bird of the Pheafant kind, which meafured above /iw feet in length, and which, it is probable, muft have belonged to fome bird not hi- therto come to our knowledge. The drawing is in the poffeffion of Major Davies, who took it from the original feather; two of which were in the poffeffion of a gentleman of his acquaintance, and were brought from China. They are exactly in fhape of the’ two middle feathers of the painted Pheafant: the general colour of a fine blue grey, margined on the fides with a rufous cream- colour, and marked on each fide the fhaft with numerous bars of black; between feventy and eighty bars in all; thofe on the op- pofite fides of the fhaft feldom correfponding with each other. Phafianus Argus, Liz. Syff. i. p. 272. 4. L’Argus ou le Luen, Buf. oif. ti. p. 361. The Argus, or Luen, Phil. Tranf. vol. lv. pl. 3. p. 88.—Zondon Mag. 1766, pl. in p. 473.—Geat. Mag. 1768, pl. in p. 521. Br. Muf. Lev. Muf. IZE of a Cock Turkey. The bill, like that of our Phea/ant, of a pale yellow: the fore part of the head, and the begin- ning of the throat, are covered with a granulated fkin of a fine fearlet colour: the irides are orange: round the eye the fkin is dufky, and a kind of black whifker on each fide of the lower jaw: the top and hind part of the head and neck, changeable blue: at the hind head a foiked creft: the lower part of the neck, back, and wing coverts, dufky, marked irregularly and tranfverlely with 7 reddifh PHP AS A NP, feddith brown: the nine outer quills are pale yellow brown, marked with fmall_dufky fpots, as big as tares, on the outer, and fmaller {pots of white on the inner, webs; the eleven remaining quills dark brown, marked with round and oblong fpots on both webs; and on the outer, near the fhafts, a row of large eyes,. from twelve to fifteen in number, the largeft an inch in diameter,. fomewhat refembling thofe on a Peacock’s train: the throat, breaft, rump, and upper tail coverts, dull orange, marked with round dufky fpots: the tail confifts of fourteen feathers; the two middle ones are three feet in length; the next eighteen inches, and gradually fhorten-to the outer ones, which are twelve inches only in length; the colour dufky brown, dotted with white ; and the two middle ones have round white fpots encircled with black on the outer, and brown irregular ones furrounded with dufky on the inner, webs::- the lower belly and vent dufky, irregularly mixed with brown: the legs, like thofe of a furkey, of a greenifh afh-colour *. This inhabits:-China;. and the figure fuppofed to be pretty ex- aét. The head and legs were wanting in the bird fent over; but were fupplied from the painted figure fent along with it. Such a bird, put in attitude, is now to be feen in the Leverian Mufeum; and feveral parcels of the feathers are now in England, viz. at the Britifo Mufeum, Sir Fofepb Banks's, Mr. Boddam’s,. and elfe- where. This is likewife common in the woods-at Sumatra +, where it is called Coo-ow. It is found extremely difficult to be kept alive * In the figure the legs have no fpurs; but in a drawing, done by Mr. £- wards, they are furnifhed with a fpur, like that of a Cocé, + Hit, of Sumatra, p. 97> for vit Place anp Manners, 718 4eo + COMMON PH. Descr)PTION. Te aA Sk AND TY for any confiderable time after catching it in the woods; never for more than a month. It feems to have an antipathy to the ight, being quite inanimate in the open day; but when kept in a dark place, it appears perfe@tly at eafe, and fometimes makes its note or call, from which it takes its name; and which is rat ther plaintive, and not harfh like that of a Peacock. The flefh refembles that of the Common Pheafant. Phafianus colchicus, Lin. Syf- i. p. 271. 3.— Scop. ann. i, N° 166. — Brun. orn. 58.—N. C. Petr. xv. p. 451. N° 7.—Frifch. pl. 123.—Olia. uc. P- 49- Le Faifan, Brif. orn. i. p. 262.1. — Buf. oif. ii. p. 328. pl. 11. — Pl. en. 121. 122. Pheafant, Raii Syn. p.56. A. 1.— Will. orm. p. 163. pl. 28. — Albin. i. pl. 25. 26. Br. Muf. Lev. Muf. IZE ofa fowl: length two feet three quarters of an inch to three feet: weight two pounds twelve ounces to three pounds. The bill is pale horn-colour: irides yellow: fides of the head deep crimfon, granulated, and running into a point behind; and in old birds elongated over each jaw, like the wattle of a cock, but does not exceed the length of feathers at that part, which is full; this red fpace is dotted with minute black fpots: from the noltrils fprings a line of greenifh black feathers, which paffes un- der the eye, and a little beyond it: the reft of the head and neck are green gold, changing to violet and blue in fome lights : lower part of the neck, breaft, and fides, gloffy reddifh chefaut, each feather margined at the end with black ; which in thofe of the neck, rifing upwards a little way on the fhaft, gives the feather the Pon oe As A WN oe: the appearance of being bifid at the end: each feather on the fhoulders and wing coverts has more or lefs of a buff-coloured curved mark in the middle, bounded with a black line both within and without: the lower part of the back the fame, but lefs diftinét : rump plain gloffy reddifh brown, gloffed with green: wing coverts brown, variegated with yellowifh white: quills brown, fpotted on both webs with yellowifh white: belly and vent dufky: the tail confifts of eighteen feathers, the longeft of which are twenty inches, the fhorteft lefs than five, hence very cuneiform ; all of them have tranfverfe bars of black on each fide of the fhaft, about twenty-four in number on the two middle feathers, the others in proportion: the legs are dufky; furnifhed with a ftrong membrane between the toes, and a blunt fpur three quarters of an inch above the hind toe. The female is lefs in fize: the general colour brown, variegated with grey, rufous, and blackifh : tail much fhorter, but barred like the male; and the region of the eyes covered with fea- thers. This bird is at prefent found in a ftate of nature in almoft the whole of the old continent ; the original place fuppofed to be the environs of the ancient Co/chis, and from thence tranfported, by degrees, into the other parts of the world. Not found at all in any part of America *. The wings being fhort, they are not made for long flights; therefore it is moft likely that they have been purpofely fent to every place in which we now find them, ® Anfon talks of Pheafants which he met with at the ifland of Sz. Catherine, on the coaft of Bra/il, (See Voy. p. 62.); and again at Cheguetan, thirty leagues weft of Acapulco in the province of Mexico. (Fe a. P. 364.) Thefe cannot be true Pheafants. Voz. II. 4 YY rather 713 PEeMALE: PLAGE ann MANNERS» Eee P MnO A Ss AWN: FP: rather than come there by chance*. In various parts of Eng- land in great plenty, and breed in abundance, efpecially where there are woods, of which they are fond, and are plentiful enough to afford full fport for thofe who delight in the gun. They breed on the ground like the Partridge, and lay from twelve to fifteen eggs, which are fmaller than thofe of a Hen, and fimilar to thofel of the Partridge, but paler: the young fol- low the mother like Chickens. "The male may be heard to crow in the woods not greatly unlike a Cock, and will frequently come into the farm-yards in the neighbourhood of woods, and produce crofs breeds with the Hens. M. Salerne remarks, that the ben Pheafant, when done laying and fitting, will get the plumage of the male, and after that be- come fo little refpected by him, as to be treated with the fame in- civility as he would fhew to one of his own fex. He mentions this as a new obfervation; but it is far more common than may be generally fuppofed, and had been long before mentioned by Edwards t. A gentleman of my acquaintance, dead long fince, ® They are compleatly imprifoned in the J/ole Madre, in the Laggo Maggiore at Turin, as they cannot fly over the /aée; for on their attempting to do this they are drowned, except the boatmen pick them up.— Key/ler. Trav. i. p. 378. + This author gave for example one kept in the menagery of the Duke of Eeeds ; and remarks, ‘that this change is moft likely to happen when in a con- fined ftate. The cincumftance of the Hen acquiring the plumage of the Cock, after a certain time, is not congned to the Pheafant ; the inftance of the Pea-hen || be- longing to Lady Tyate, now in the Leverian Mufeum, evinces the contrary, which; after having many broods, got much of the fine plumage of the Cock, with the addition even of the fine #raiz feathers. The female alfo of the Rock Manakin is faid to get ehe plumage of the oppofite fex after a number of years; and per- haps, if obferved hereafter, this may be found to be the cafe with many other fpecies. i. Pe. UX. 5 who DY re EY A St AL NG 1a who ufed to keep thefe birds for his amufement, obferved the fame to me: and the ingenious Mr. 7. Hunter has a well-drawn- up paper in the Phil. Tran/.* to the fame purport: but, in addi- tion to this, I am well informed, that it does not always require mature age to give the ben Phea/ant the appearance of the male, as fometimes young birds will be adorned with his fine plumage. T will not fay how this happens, and whether it may be peculiar to this fpecies to grow barren (if that be the reafon) fooner than- any other of the Gallinaceous tribe ; but I am affured that feveral of thefe /purle/s, cock-like bens, have proved on eating to be young birds, from their juicinefs and delicacy of flavour. Fine variety of this bird is now not uncommon in our aviaries. ‘This differs inhaving a ring of pure white round the neck; and the colours of the plumage more diftiné, parti- cularly the feathers of the lower part of the neck and breatft, which are more deeply indented than in the common, each fea- ther appearing double at the end. Thefe are common in the woods in fome of the provinces of China. In fome drawings of thefe we obferved a ftreak of white over each eye. They are alfo common about the Ca/pian Sea, and in the fouthern part of the defert between the Dow and Wolga: alfo in.Great Tartary, and in the fouth of the Mongolian _ Defert +, where they are {aid to be, lefs than the Common Pheafant. Are alfo pretty common at St. Helena f. * Vol. Ixx. p. 527. + Mr. Pennant. t Introduced by the governor. Said to be five pouiids penalty on fhooting one.—Forf?, Vay. il. p. 567. 4 Y 2 Le aig 4. ; Var. A. a RING PHEA- SANT. A Variity. DescriePrioite Prace 716 Pt He BA A Siar N? T; 4. Le Faifan panaché, Brif. orn. i. p. 267. A. pl. 25. f. 3. Var. B. o——— varié, Buf. oif. ii, p. 352.—Frifch. t. 124. TG ae eer ; Lev. Muf. Description. uis is white, more or lefs marked in various parts with the fimilar colours to Pheafants in common. 4 Le Faifan blanc, Brif. orn. i. p. 268. B. Var. C. Lev. Muf. WHITE PH. DescRIPTION. HIS is wholly white, except a few minute black fpots about the neck, and fome rufous ones on the feapulars. In the Leverian Mufeum is one wholly white. 4e Le Faifan batard, Brif. orz.i. p. 268. C. UEDA PH. Le Coquar, Buf. oif. li. p. 353. pl. 12.—Frifch. t. 125 Lev. Muf. DescrIPTION. HIS is a mixed breed between the Pheafant and Cock; a circumftance which frequently happens where farm-yards are adjoining to woods where Pheafants abound. ‘The eyes are fur- “rounded with a red fkin, and a few fpots of white on the crown _of the head: upper part of the back rufous, varied with brown - and white; from thence to the tail afh-colour, croffed with black: belly, thighs, and under tail coverts, pale brown, afh- colour, and dufky, mixed: wing coverts much like the back: greater quills pale brown ; the leffer white, varied without with black, and within black edged with rufous: tail black in the middle: bill andlegs grey. This is Briffon’s defcription. That PW BAS A ME That in the Leverian Mufeum has very few markings, being almoft throughout of a dingy reddifh brown colour. . Turkey Pheafant, Edw. pl. 337.—Buf. oi/. ii. ps 160. I ZE between the Pheafant and Turkey: extent of wing | thirty-two inches. Round the eyes a bare red fkin; the reft of the head covered with feathers :-the plumage a mixture fome- what allied both to the Turkey and Phea/fant. _ Three of thefe were met with near Hanford in Dorfetfbire ; of which one was killed, and fent by H. Seymer, Efq; to Mr. Ed- wards. I find in the Hit. des oif.* a bird by the name of Demi Poule d’ Inde, which is faid to proceed from the Cock and the Zurkey. It is moftly of a dark colour, like a Vulture; has neither comb nor wattles; carries the tail like a Turkey; and ftands very high on its legs. ; It is faid to be peculiar to the ifland of Fava, where it is kept merely for the fake of fighting. Phafianus pi@us, Liz. Sy/f. i. p. 272. 5.—Amen. acad. vol.i. p. 562. pl. 1. Le Faifan doré de la Chine, Bri/. ora. i. p. 271. 4.—Buf. oif. ii. p. 355.— Pl. enl. 217. China Pheafant, Albin. iii. pl. 36.—Edw. pl. 68. 69. Br. Muf. Lev. Muf. FiIS is lefs than the Common Pheafant: length two feet nine inches and a half. Bill and irides yellow: general co- ¥ ii, p. 11Q6 lour 717 Val. g. TURKEY PH. DEscCRIPTION» PLAcE, 5. 4-PAIN LED PH, DeEscriIPTION. eo FEemMae. Peace anp Manners. Ps HOE A So AG WE lour of the plumage crimfon : on the head is a mof beautiful gloffy yellow creft, the feathers of which appear like //k, and fall backwards: cheeks almoft bare, and flefh-coloured: the feathers of the hind-head are orange-coloured, fquare at the ends, and croffed with black lines; thefe are long, and can be erected at will, like thofe on the neck of the Cock; beneath thefe the feathers are green, very little rounded at the ends, and tipped with black : the back and rump are yellow: the upper tail co- verts long, narrow, and crimfon, and fall on each fide of the tail : the wing coverts chefnut and brown mixed: {fcapulars blue : quills brown, marked with yellowith fpots: the tail is long and cuneiform, the longeft feather twenty-three inches, and the outer one very fhort; the colour chefnut and black beautifully varie- gated: the legs are yellow, and furnifhed with a fpur a quarter of an inch in length. The female is fmaller, and wants the gaudy colours of the male. The irides are hazel: the feathers of the head longifh : the gene- ral colour of the plumage brown, variegated with yellowifh brown: the tail is fhorter, but not much unlike that of the male: the legs have no fpurs. The native place of this beautiful fpecies is China, where it is called Kin-ki. It bears confinement well, and will breed readily in that ftate, infomuch as to quite render needlefs any.importa- tion from their native country. The eggs are redder than thofe of our Pheafants, fomewhat refembling thofe of the Guinea fowl, They will alfo breed with our Common Pheafant ; an inftance of it is mentioned by Buffon, which produced two male birds; one of which paired with a female common Pheafant and had one young, which was a female. They Pho EO AS A’ NOT! They appear to be hardy birds; and I fhould by no means wonder if future generations fhould fee them as perfectly natu- ralifed to this climate as the common one. The flavour of their flefh is faid to exceed that of any other Phea/ant *. This fpecies, as has been mentioned in the former, is likewife fubject to change the appearance of fex. Edwards records the circumftance in refpect to fome kept by Lady Effen, the females of which, in the fpace of fix years, gradually gained the male feathers: and we are likewife further informed, that it is not un- ufual for the hex birds, when about four or five years old, to be negleéted by the cocks, and gradually to gain the plumage of the males. Phafianus nyéthemerus, Lin. Syf.1i. p. 272. 6.—Scop. ann. i. N° 167. Le Faifan blanc de la Chine, Brif- orz. i. p. 277. 5§.—PI. enl. 123. 124. Le Faifan noir & blanc de la Chine, Buf. oi/f. ii. p. 359. _Black and White Chinefe Pheafant, Edw. pl. 66, (male and female).— Albin, iii. pl. 37. Br. Muf. Lev. Mus, HIS is bigger than the Common Pheafant: length two feet and a half. The bill and irides yellow: fides of the head coveted with a carunculated, crimfon, bare fkin, as in our Phea- fants, which rifes upwards above each eye, giving the appearance of horns, and in fome birds likewife hangs fo deep below on each fide of the jaw, as to appear like qwattles: the head is crefted, and is, as well as all the under parts of the body, of a full purplith black: the upper parts are white, and each feather marked with three or four lines one within another, all parallel ® Du Halde. 1<9)) 739 6. + PENCILLED PH. DescrirTion. 728 Female. Placer. 7° CRESTED PH. Pi. LXIV. DESCRIPTION. Pe Haak: S)) Ay Na Te to the margin: the tail is cuneiform, the feathers obliquely {triated with black, except the two middle ones, which are plain white: the legs are red, and furnifhed with a fpur behind, of a white colour. The female is fomewhat fmaller. The bill is brown: the irides yellow brown: the eyes furrounded with a red fkin, which is narrower, and lefs bright than in the male: the head is a little crefted, and brown: throat and cheeks whitifh: the neck, back, breaft, rump, and wing coverts, rufous brown: the lower part of the breaft, belly, and other parts beneath, are white, irregularly mixed with brown, and croffed with tranfverfe black bands : greater quills blackith ; fecondaries like the back ; thofe neareft the body dotted with white: tail fhorter than in the male ; the two middle feathers brown; the others brown and white mixed, and ftriped obliquely with black: legs red, without fpurs. This fpecies inhabits China with the laft, and is likewife bred in our menagerics. The eggs are of a pale yellowith afh- colour, with a blufh of red. | Le Hocco brun du Mexique, Bri/. orn. i. p. 304. 15. Faifan huppé de Cayenne, P/. ex/. 337. L’Hoazin, Buf. cif. il. p. 385« Hoattzin, Razé Syz. p, 163.—Will. orn. p. 389- Lev. Mu. ENGTH one foot ten inches. Bill black E the head fur-. nifhed with a creft, the feathers of which are of different lengths, the longeft three inches ; colour of them dirty brownifh. white ; beneath black: round the eye bare and reddith: the upper parts of the body are brown; the under, as far as the belly, rufous white : the belly and vent rufous: from the hind head P1.LXIV. evel Osteo Pheasant: Py Tae PE Ag Sh, As” Nig, Irs head to the lower part of the neck behind, each feather has a ftreak of white down the middle: tips of the middle and larger wing coverts white, forming two bars on the wing: edge of the wing, half way from the bend, white; the quills rufous: the tail cuneiform, ten inches long, of the fame colour as the back; all the feathers tipped with yellow: the legs black, and not fur- nifhed with fpurs behind. This inhabits Mexico, and parts adjacent, where it feeds on Jnakes : makes an howling kind of noife, and is found on trees near rivers ; is accounted an unlucky bird. Met with chiefly in autumn, and is faid to pronounce a found not unlike the word Hoaéizin. We learn from others that it may be domefticated, and is feen in that ftate among the natives; and further, that it feeds on ants, worms, and other infects, as well as /nakes. Phafianus Motmot, Lin. Sy/t. te ps 271. 2. Le Faifan de la Guiane, Brif. orn. i. p. 270. 30—Pl. enl. 146. Le Katraca, Buf. off. li. p. 364. Motmot, Seba, vol. i. ‘P. 103. pl. 67. f. 2. ii Lev. Mu/. S IZE of a Fow/: length eighteen inches. Head feathers elongated, rufous: bill reddifh: the head deep brown: neck and upper parts olive brown: breatft, belly, fides, and thighs, rufous brown: under tail coverts chefnut: quills, and two mid- dle tail feathers, like the back; the reft of them blackith, except the outer, which is rufous: legs blackifh: claws brown. Inhabits Brafil and Guiana. ‘The fhape of the tail is cunei- form both in Briffon’s figure and the P/. en/. otherwife it fhould feem to be the fame with the following bird. Vot. Il. AL Le PLacE AND Manners. g. MOTMOT PH. DESCRIPTION. PLACE. 72.9, Qe PARRAKA PH. DESCRIPTION. BLace AND MANNERS» re Po HER SAUNT: Le Parraka, Buf. oi/. il. p. 394. Le Parraqua, Mem. fur Cayenne, vol. i. p. 378. pl. 1. 2. Hannaquaw, Bancr. Guian, p. 176.? S! ZE of a fmall Fow/, and refembles it in bill, legs, and. body : length twenty-three inches. Bill dark rufous: eyes brown: the general colour of the plumage deep brown on the back, and fulvous under the belly : the top of the head is fulvous, and the feathers fomewhat long, but not fo as to form a real creft: the wings are fhort: the webs of fome of the quills in- cline to rufous: the tail confifts of twelve feathers, is even at the end, about a foot in length, and is carried pendent for the moft part: the legs of a dark rufous, inclining to black: claws like thofe of a Fowl. It is peculiar in its internal ftructure in refpect to the windpipe ; which, inftead of entering direétly the breaft, as in moft birds, paffes over the fide of the left clavicle, and on the outfide of the flefhy part of the breaft, being covered only by the fkin, then taking a turn upwards, paffes over the right clavicle into the breaft, and is diftributed through the lungs in the ufual way. The female has not this circumvolution of the windpipe. The Hannequaw, mentioned by Bancroft, is probably the fame bird. He fays that itis black, roofts in trees, and may be heard early in the morning, diftinétly, but hoarfely, repeating the word Hannequaw * very loud. Thefe are found in the unfrequented woods of the internal parts of Cayenne, Guiana, and many parts of South America. At * Eafily miftaken for Parreguaw. fun- BEL eas: ANI OE. fun-rife fets up a very loud cry, which is thought to be the loud- eft of all birds in the ew world; at which time the eyes appear red, as does a fmall fkin under the breaft, which is not at all feen, except when the bird makes fuch exertions, or is angry. This cry is very like the word Parraqua; and is repeated many times together; and often many cry at once, or anfwer one another, but moft in breeding-time, which is twice in the year; at each time laying from four to fix eggs; making the neft in low branches, or ftumps of trees, and behaving with their chickens in the fame manner as hens. They feed on grain, feeds, and herbs; but feed the young in the neft with worms and fimall in- feéis. Thefe, with many other birds, inhabit the woods by day, coming out into the open favannas morning and evening to feed ; at which times they are chiefly killed by the natives and near in- habitants. They may be brought up tame; and their flefh is much efteemed. L’Hoitlallotl, Buf. off. ii. p. 395.— Fern. Hift. N. Hifp. ch. lii. Ps 25 HIS bird is imperfectly defcribed by Fernandez ; and is faid to be eighteen inches long. The general colour of the plu- mage white, inclined to fulvous; about the tail black, mixed with fome fpots of white: the tail itfelf is long, and of a green colour, reflecting in fome lights like the feathers of a Peacock : the wings are fhort. Inhabits the hotter parts of Mexico. Tt flies flow; but is recorded to outrun the Swiftef horfe*. * Hift. des vif. wha Ae: Grnus 7®3 10. COURIER PH. DESCRIPTION, PLACE. To GREAT T. DESCRIPTION. E724) GenusLIl. TINAMOU. , N° 1. Great T. N° 3. Variegated T. 2. Cinereous T. 4. Little T. I LL long, blunt at the end; noftrils placed in the middle: Gape wide. Sides of the head, and throat, not well furnifhed with feathers.. Tail very fhort, often hid by the upper coverts. Hind toe fhort, and ufelefs in walking; claws hollowed be- neath. The manners of the whole genus much like thofe of the firft= defcribed. The female biggeft in all the known fpecies.. Le Perdrix du Bréfil, Brif. orm. i, p. 227. Ae La Groffe Perdrix du Brefil, Le Magoua, Buf. cif. iv. p. 507. pl. 24. 'Finamou de Cayenne, Pi. ext. 476. Macucagua, Raii Syn. p. 53. N° 9.—Will. orn. p. 163. pl. 263. Groffe Perdrix de la Guiane, Mem. Cay. vol. ii. p. 269. Great Partridge, Defer. Surin, ii. ps 188. Lev.. Muf. ye I Z.E of a Fowl: length eighteen inches. Bill one inch and’ a quarter long, and blunt at the end, with a kind of furrow: on each fide of the upper mandible, in the middle of which the noftrils. ‘OY Ne ASM: @* Ut roftrils are placed ; the colour of it black : the top of the head is deep rufous: the general colour of the reft of the body greyifh brown, inclining to olive, with a mixture of white on the upper part of the belly and fides, and of greenifh on the neck: upper part of the back, wing coverts, and tail, marked with dufky tranfverfe fpots, feweft on the laft: the fides of the head, throat, and fore part of the neck, not well clothed with fea- thers *: the fecondary quills have a mixture of rufous; and the greater quills plain afh-colour: the tail is fhort: the legs yel- lowifh brown; the hind part of them very rough, the {fcales ftanding out, and: giving the appearance of the bark of the fir- txee This is found in the woods of feveral parts of South America, par- ticularly of Cayenne and Guiana ; and paffes the night perched on the lower branches of the trees, two or three feet from the ground. The female lays from twelve to fifteen eggs, the fize of thofe of an Hen, and of a beautiful green colour. Makes the neft on the ground, near the ftump of fome large tree; and if difturbed, rolls the eggs to.another place, at a good diftance. The young follow as foon.as hatched, and hide themfelves:on the leaft approach of danger. Is faid to have two broods in a year. Their food is fruits and grain of all: kinds,. as well.as worms and fects. The Indians \ill them frequently while roofting on the trees, of nights. The flefh. is accounted very good, and the eggs alfo- reckoned.a great dainty. * In the P/. en, the fides of the head are painted red, and feem to be dare of: feathers; but in the fpecimens which we have feen, thofe parts are thinly covered with fhort feathers, of the fame colour as the reft of the plumage. The Loe Prace anD Manners. T; LAN. A . Mi, O, U: “The note, or call, of this bird may be heard a great way off, and is a kind of dull whiftle, which it makes exactly at fun-fee. every evening, and at break of day; by the imitating of which . the natives decoy the birds within reach of the gun or net. 2 CINEREOUS T. DeEscriPTIONe PLACE. 3. VARIEGATED five Pine xaVie DeEscRIPTION, PLACE. Le Tinamou cendré, Buf. oi/- iv. p. 510. Fi 1S is only twelve inches in length. The bill is fixteen lines long: the plumage an uniform cinereous brown, ex- cept the head and hind part of the neck, which have a rufous tinge: the fhape of the bird exaétly coincides with the former. This is found in the fame places as the laft; but is much lefs common. Le Tinamou varié, Buf. cif. iv. p. 511.—P. enl. 828. — Mem. fur Cay. ii, p. 272. EN GT H eleven inches. Bill one inch and a quarter long, and dufky; the under mandible yellowifh: the head and upper part of the neck behind are black: the reft of the upper parts tranfverfely barred with reddifh brown and black; about the eye pale, and not well clothed with feathers: the throat and middle of the belly are white: the neck, breaft, and upper part of the beily, rufous: fides and thighs barred with brown, rufous, and white: quills plain brown: the tail is very little longer than the wings when folded up: the legs dufky. This is pretty common at Guiana, but much lefs fo than the firft fpecies. The female lays ten or twelve eggs, of a beautiful lilac-colour, and a trifle lefs than thofe of the Phea/ant. 7 M. Bajon SPA TEV. yn) aN ee oA ( Gf CINE arigaled Anamot. — © ONAN M: -O U: M. Bajon fays that this fpecies does not rooft in trees; and differs in that the young run a longer time with the mother. Le Soui, Buf. cif iv. p. 512. ou petit Tinamou de Cayenne, P/..ex/. 829. HIS is a fmall fpecies, being no more than nine inches long. The bill is three quarters of an inch in length, and yellow: the top of the head and hind part of the neck are black ; from thence the reft of the upper parts are brown, with an ob- fcure mixture of dufky: the throat is rufous, mixed with white ; and the reft of the under parts plain rufous: the wing coverts are edged with the fame: the quills plain brown: the tail is fhort,. and exceeded_in length by the coverts: the legs are dufky yellow. This is alfo met with in Guiana, where it is called Perdrix cul rond, from the fhortnefs of its tail. It differs from the others, as it builds the neft in the low forks of trees. It is of an hemifphe- tical fhape; about fix inches broad, and five deep ; compofed of leaves. Lays from three to fix white eggs, nearly round, and of. the fize of thofe of the Pigeon. The fleth is much efteemed. GENUS 727 4. + LITTLE T. DescrIPTION. PLACE». [£7238 J Genus LIT]. GROUS. * WITH FOUR TOES. N° 1. Wood Gr. N° ro. Ptarmigan Gr. 2. Long-tailed Gr. 11. White Gr. 3. Black Gr. 12. Hazel Gr. Var. A. 13. Red Gr. 4. Nemefian Gr. 14. Pin-tailed Gr. 5- Birch Gr. Var. A. 6. Spotted Gr. 15. Namaqua Gr. 7. Shoulder-knot Gr: 16. Sand Gr. 8. Ruffed Gr. 17- Indian Gr. g. Pinnated Gr. ** wITH THREE TOES. 18. Heteroclite Gr. ' HE bill in this genus is convex, ftrong, and fhort: a naked fcarlet fkin above each eye +. Noftrils fmall, hid in the feathers. Tongue pointed at the end. Legs ftrong, feathered to the toes, and fometimes to the nails. The toes of fome of the fpecies pectinated on the fides. + Three or four of the laft fpecies excepted. WITH GI BRWwO, US. * WitTH FOUR at @) 1g, Ss Tetrao urogallus, Liz, Sy/.i. p. 273. 1. (the male.)—Faun. Suec. N° 200.— Scop. ann.i, N° 169.—Brun. N° 194. 195-—Muller, N° 221.—Frifch. pl. 107. 108.—Kram, el. p. 356. 1.—Georgi Rei/e, p. 172. Le Coq de Bruyére, Brzf. orz. i. p. 182. 1. —— ou le Tetras, Buf. oi. ii. p. 191. pl. 5.—Pl. enl. 73-74. Mountain Cock and Hen, Albin. 11. pl. 29. 30. Cock of the Wood, Raii Syz. p. 53. A. 1.— Will. orn. p. 172) pl. 30. — Br. Zool. i. N° 92. pl. 40. 41.—Your iz Scotl. 8vo. p. 79. pl. 15. 16. — 4G, Zool. Lev. Muf. TT HIS fpecies is as large as a Turkey, and two feet nine inches in length. The bill is nearly two inches long, very ftout, - and horn-coloured : over the eye a naked red fkin: irides hazel : noftrils covered with fhort feathers; thofe of the chin and throat are black, and longer than the reft: the head and neck are afh- colour, delicately marked with tranfverfe narrow blackith lines : the upper parts of the body and wings are chefnut-brown, irre- gularly marked with lines of a blackifh colour: the feathers at the fetting-on of the wings are white: the breaft of a very gloffy blackifh green: the reft of the under parts black; but the belly, and feathers over the thighs and vent, are marked with white : fides marked as the neck: the tail confifts of eighteen feathers, and rounded in fhape, marked on each fide with a few {pots of white: the legs are ftrong, covered with brown feathers: the edges of the toes pectinated. The female differs exceedingly ; is much fmaller: in length only twenty-fix inches. The bill dufky: throat red: head, Vo1, Il. By BX neck, 729 To +- WOOD GR. DEscRIPTIONs Fewaree 73° PLAce anp Manners. GR OU S. neck, and back, marked with tranfverfe bars of red and black : the breaft has fome white {pots on it; and the lower part is of a plain orange-colour: the belly barred with pale orange and. black; the tips of the feathers white: back and fcapulars black ; the edges of the feathers mottled with black and pale reddifh brown; fcapulars tipped with white: the inner webs of the quills. dufky ; the exterior mottled with dufky and pale brown: the tail is of a deep ruft-colour, barred with black, tipped with white, and confifts of fixteen feathers *, This bird inhabits, for the moft part, the colder countries ; ory. when met with in the hotter, chufes the elevated regions, where the: temperature of the air is bleak and chilling. Under fuch reftri€tions it is found in various parts of the old continent, from the north of Ruffia to Italy, and feveral parts of the A/ps. Found formerly in Ireland and Scotland: in the firft believed now to be extin@ ; and in the latter, one being fhot near Inverne/s, mentioned as a. rare inftance +. Lays from eight to fixteen eggs, of a white co- lour, fpotted with yellow, and bigger than thofe of our hen> thefe are depofited upon mo/s, in fome dry fpot on the ground ;. the female alone fitting the whole time of incubation, and hiding * We here follow Mr. Pennaat. In regard tothe male, Briffon allows but fixe- teen feathers alfo. Scbwenckfeld will have but twelve. No doubt but his bird. had loft the reft; but, in turn, he allows eighteen to the fema/e. Hence it fhould feem moft likely, that eighteen was the number intended by nature for both fexes; efpecially as I do not recolleé&t any other bird' wherein the ma/e and female differ at all in the numbers. Linaeus mentions eighteen feathers in the: Faun. Suec. ; but only defcribes the male. + Br. Zool.—The laft bird of this kind found in Scotland was in the Chicholm’s- great foreft, in Strathglafs; and 1 am well informed that the neft was placed on. a Scotch Ping. 2 the: G.R GG US. the place, by covering the eggs with leaves, when at any time obligéd to leave them. The young run after the mother as foon as hatched, and often with part of the egg-fhell attached to them, as Partridges are known to do. The males and females live feparate, except from the beginning of February, when the male, morning and evening, mounts on the ftump of fome old pize, with his tail fpread, and quills lowered to the feet, the neck protruded, and the head feathers ruffled. It makes a noife not unlike the whetting of a /cythe, and repeats it alternately, and io loud as to be heard a great way off; at the fame time putting itfelf into very ftrange attitudes. This is a call for his /eraglio of females, who attend the fummons ; and this he continties to the end of March or beginning of 4pril. The food confifts of many kinds of plants, grain, the young buds of trees; and above all, the feeds of pine and fir trees, of which fometimes they are known wholly to ftrip one tree of its cones, while the next remains untouched. We find the greateft numbers of thefe birds in Rafa and Sibiria, where they are met with in all the woods in the northern parts, efpecially the pine-forefts. Is common both about Mo/cow and St. Peterfburgh, from whence they are fent along with white Hares, Ptarmigans, &c.as prefents to London, during the cold fea- fon; and, for the moft part, arrive in good condition for the table, their flefh being much efteemed. I am informed that there is a variety of this bird much fmaller than the common fort *. © Mr. Pennant.—It has been obferved that birds of the Grous tribe are {maller in Lapland than more to the fouthward; which may arife from the greater de- gree of cold. Whether this {mall variety is moft frequent in the northern parts, 4s not faid.—See Aman. Acad, iii. p. 162. i Ly 2 Tetrao 732 2 + LONG- TAILED GR. DescriPTIONe FEMALE. PLACE: GIRO: US: Tetrao Phafianellus, Zin. Syft. i, p. 273. N° 1. Var. 6. Hudfon’s Bay Pheafant Grous, Phil. Traz/. vol. Ixiii. p. 296+ Long-tailed Grous from Hudfon’s Bay, Edw. pl. 117. >A THER bigger than a Pheafant: length feventeen inches breadth twenty-four. Bill black: irides hazel: head, neck,- and upper parts, teftaceous, tranfverfely fafciated with black; the bands broadeft on the back: between the bill and eyes a white fpot: fides of the neck marked with roundifh whitifh fpots > rump hoary: the breaft and belly whitifh, marked with cordated’ fpots of a teftaceous brown colour, deepeft on the belly : on the wing coverts round white fpots, as well as ftripes: quills black,. fpotted with white on the outer edge; fecondaries brown, fafci- ated on the outer edge and tip with white: tail fhort; the out- fide feathers pale brown, tipped with white; the two middle ones longeft by half an inch, and ‘fpotted with teftaceous. The male and female vary very little in colour, nor change with the feafons. The breaft of the male is chocolate-brown; and*the- caruncle over the eye much the largeft, being one inch long, and’ three-eighths of an inch high. Dr. Forfter-is of opinion that this bird is totally different frony the Wood Grous, and that Edwards’s plate is moft probably a va- riety of this fpecies, rather-than the female of that bird; the tail being cuneiform is a true fpecific diftinétion; and befides, the axillary feathers are not white, as in the female of the Wood. Grous. ; This is found at-Hudfon’s Bay, and called by the natives Oc-- Riff- cows, Tetrao- GROUS Tetrao tetrix, Liz. Sy. i. p. 272. 2, — Faun. Suec. N° 202. — Scop. ann. ii N° 166.— 3rux. N° 196. 197.—Muller, N° 222. — Frifch. ple 109.— Kram, él. p- 356. 2.—Georg? Reife, p. 172. Le Cog de Bruyeres a queue fourchue, Bri/. orn. i. p. 186. 2. ou petit Tetras, Buf. off. ii. p. 210. pl. 6.—P/. exl, 172. 173. Black Cock, Black Game, or Black Grous, Razi Syn. p. 53. A. 2.—Will ore. P> 173. pl.31.— Albin. pl. 22, — Br. Zool. 1. N° 93.-pl. 42. —Ard. - Zool. Br. Muf. Lev. Muf, IZ E rather. larger than. a Fow/: length twenty-four inches. The bill is black : the whole body is alfo of a fine glofly blue black: the wing coverts dufky brown: the four firft quills black ; the next white at the bottom: the lower half and tips of the fecondaries, and the inner wing coverts, white: thighs and legs dark brown ; on the firft fome white fpots: the tail confifts of fixteen black feathers ;, the outer ones curve outwards, and the ends are fquare; the middle ones much fhorter, making the tail forked: the under tail coverts are white:. the legs-and toes pec- tinated, as in the laft {pecies. The female differs much from the male, as in the Wood Grous ;- and is likewife much {maller. This fpecies is common in.all the sana parts of Great. Britain, but efpecially in Scotland and Wales; and fparingly fcat- tered as one advances fouth. Affects woody and mountainous places. Some are alfo.met with in Cumberland ;. and they are in tolerable plenty in the moors in York/bire. They are alfo exceed- ingly numerous in Stafford/bire, efpecially in Lord Paget’s do- mains; and in great plenty in the New Foreft of Hamp/hire, parti- cularly- 733 . +=BLACK GR: Dsscripriens- FEMALE - PLace AnD! MANNERS» 3. Var. Ap DESCRIPTIONs PLAceE. GR.oO U S$ cularly Boulderwood and Rindfield lodges. There are alfo many met with in Suffew, and fome in Surrey. The females affemble at the crowing of the male, in the fare manner as in the Wood Grous. ‘They lay fix or eight yellowifh white eggs, fpeckled with ferruginous; with fpots of the fame, which are largeft at the {mall end. The males will often meet and fight, like the Game Cock, and, during the combat, are fo off their guard as to be knocked down with a ftick. Thefe birds are likewife plentiful in all the northern parts of Europe, without exception, and in fewer numbers towards the fouth; but then are only found on the mountainous and bleak fituations. Are extremely common in all the northern parts of Ruffia and Sibirta, wherever the dirch-trees grow. Are alfo fond of the Sibirian poplar *, which is faid to give the flefh an exceed- ing fine flavour. Le Coq de Bruyeres piqueté, Bri/. orn. i. p. 191, A. Tetrao Hybridus, Faun, Suec. N° 201. HIS is a mere variety of the laft-defcribed. ‘The male is faid to have reddifh fpots on the neck, breaft, wings, and’ thighs; and the female to be of a grey colour, fpotted with black. Said to be met with in Sweden and Scotland. ‘@ Populus balfamifera.—Line Tetrao GRO U Ss. Tetraonemefianus, Scop. ann. i. N° 171.-—Aldrov. lib, xiii, c.8; IZE of the Black Grous.- Body black and rufous mixed : tail rufous, tipped and fpotted with black; fecondaries tipped. with white. One fex has the neck, cheeks, and breaft, plain rufous. Tetrao betulinus, Scop. ana. i. N° 172.—Aldrov. lib. xiii. c.g. HE body in this bird is black and rufous mixed: rump whitith, fafciated with black: breaft pale cinereous: quills tipped with white: tail black, marked with tranfverfe rufous fpots: bill and legs black: the eye-brows not red. Tetrao Canadenfis, Lin. Syff. i. p. 274. 30 Canace, — Pp: 275.7% Le Gelinote de la Baye de Hudfon, Brif. orn. i. p. 201. 64 Le Gelinote du Canada, Brif/, orn. i. p. 203. 7. pl. 20. f. 1. 2.—Buf. cif ii-- P: 279.—PI. enl. 1310 132. Black and Spotted Heathcock, Edw..pl. 118. (the male). Brown and Spotted Heathcock, pl.71. (the-female). Spotted Grous, Phil. Tranf. vol. |xii. p. 389.— BIRCH GR. DESCRIPTION» 6. ts SPOTTED" GR, DESCRIPTION o "9-36 GR OMWUS:: | ‘black ; the laft {potted with white, except in the middle: fides tranfverfely barred with blackifh and grey brown, with a:dafh of white near the tips: under tail coverts black and white: tail ‘black, tipped with rufous: legs covered with grey brown fea- thers: claws grey : toes pectinated. FEMALE. The female is fmaller ; in length only eleven inches and a half. All the upper parts are croffed with rufous, blackifh, and grey brown, forming large patches of the fame on the back : fore part and fides of the neck rufous, croffed with blackifh bands near the end of each feather: breaft croffed with rufous and blackifh, tipped with dirty rufous white: belly, and under tail coverts, barred with blackifh and rufous white; the fides with -brown and rufous grey, tipped with dirty white: quills as in the male: tail barred with rufous-and black : toes pectinated. Thefe are met with at Hud/on’s Bay, where they are called Wood or Spruce Partridges. In winter, feed on /pruce-cones and juniper-berries. They are eaten at all times, but thought much better in the fummer-feafon. The natives preferve them through ‘the winter by expofing them ‘to the froft, hanging them up by the bill, and during the whole of the inclement feafon will keep good, fo that they have only to lay them in water to thaw them before their being drefled. They are eafily got at in great num- bers, as they are very ftupid birds, and may be knocked on the head with a ftick ; and frequently are caught by a ftick and a loop. ‘They make the neft on the ground, and lay five eggs. When much difturbed, often fly into trees, and if the fportfman ~ has a hittle dog with him to take off their attention, they may be fhot one after another to the laft bird. ‘PLACE AND MANNERS. Tetrao Gi RGU Ss: Tetrad togatus, Liz. Sy. i. p. 275. 8. La groffe Gelinote de Canada, Brif. orn. i. p. 207. pl. 21. f. 1.—Buf. off. it, p- 281.—P?/. enl, N° 104. Shoulder-knot Grous, Pil, Tran/. vol. Ixil. p. 393- Br. Muf. Lev. Muf. I ZE of a fmall Fow/: length fifteen inches and a half. Bill brown: the head and upper parts are varied with rufous, brown, black, and afh-colour: throat, and fore part of the neck, rufous, marked with {mall fpots and bands of brown: upper part of the breaft blackifh and grey, forming a band, com= municating on each fide with a packet of long and black feathers, which falls over each wing: the reft of the under parts are croffed with brown, rufous, and dirty white: quills brown, the outer edge varied with dirty white: tail not unlike the back, croffed with five or fix narrow bars of black, and a broad one near the end; the very tips of the feathers grey: legs feathered, grey: toes naked, brown. Inhabits Hudfon’s Bay, and is called Pu/bee, or Pupufhee, by the natives. The flefh is rather dry, but white, and when well pre- pared, is good eating. They ftay all the year, and feed in the winter on juniper ; but in fummer on goofeberries, rafpberries, cranberries, and currants. The young follow the hen like chickens. The male and femate much alike. Vor. Il. 5B Tetrae 737 ; 7° SHOULDER- KNOT GR. Drscriprion. Prace ane Manwverss 738 8. 4+ RUFFED GR. DescriPTLoNe Puacek AND Manners. GiB) CO, Wy Sy Tetrao umbellus, Liz. Sy. i. p. 275. 6. La Gelinotte hupée de Penfilvanie, Brif. orn. i. p. 214. 11- Le Coq de Bruyére 4 fraife, Buf. otf. ii. p. 281. Ruffed Heathcock, Edzw. pl. 248.—Phil. Tran/. vol. xlviii. p. 499. pl. 15.— Ar, Zool, Br. Muf. Lev. Muf. IZE between a Pheafant and Partridge: length twenty inches. Bill brownifh horn-colour: the head crefted ; that, and all the upper parts, variegated with different-coloured browns, mixed with black: the feathers on the neck are long, and loofe, and can be erected like thofe of the Cock : throat, and fore part of the neck, orange brown : the reft of the parts beneath yellowifh white, marked with a few curved black marks on the breaft and fides: under tail coverts pale orange, {potted with white: the quills are fpotted with pale brown, otherwife like the back: as is. the tail, which confifts of etghteen feathers; all of which are croffed with narrow bars of black, and one broad band of the fame near the tip; the end itfelf afh-colour : the legs are co- vered to the toes with whitifh hairs: toes flefh-colour, and. pectinated on the fides. One of thefe now in my poffeffion, which I fufpeé to be a female, is much paler inthe markings: the tail afh-colour, crofled with dufky bars, and mottled with the fame between each bar ;. the broad band near the end of a chefnut brown inftead of black. This fpecies inhabits Pen/ylvania, New York, Nova Scotia, and: other parts of North America; and is by no means the male of I the GRO U S. the Shoulder-knot, as Buffon * fuppofes, nor belonging at any rate to the following; all three being quite different f{pecies. The manners feem much the fame with the Black Cock and Wood Groeus: the male placing himfelf on fome elevated ftump, and flapping his wings for a minute; he repeats the fame at feven or eight minutes interval for feveral times, and elevating the creft of the head and neck all together, in the attitude which Edwards has happily imitated. This he repeats morning and evening, at nine and four; and the fignal is obeyed by the /e- males, as in the birds above-mentioned. During this ecftacy he _is blind to the approach of the fportfman ; who may take his aim with leifure, being directed to the bird by the noife, which may be heard a mile off. The male repeats this flapping in autumn +. The female is faid to lay from twelve to fixteen eggs, on the ground, in a dry place among leaves; the young follow the mother like chickens ; and the whole brood keep together, till nature prompts them to provide for an offspring of their own. They feed on all forts of grain and fruits, and, above all, are faid to be fond of ivy-berries. The flefhis well relifhed, and good food. They are called by fome the Drumming Par- tridge. * Hifi. des oif. ii. p, 282. + Major Davies informs, that the ma/e does this at other times as well as in the breeding-feafon; and that he begins the flapping at firft very flow, and increafing by degrees till he arrives at a ftupendous velocity; after which he ceafes, and crows like our Cock Phea/ant ; after an interval, begins again. This action is only at fun-rife and fun-fet ; and will do the fame if kept tame in the houfe. § B 2 Yetrac 739 74° Qe PINNATED GR. DESCRIPTION. RPEMALE. BLAcE AnD MANNERS. GRO U S.z Tetrag.cupido, Liz Syf. i. p. 274. 5s La Gelinote hupée d’ Amerique, Brif, orm. i. pe 212+ 100. Urogallus minor fufcus, cervice plumis alas imitantibus donata, Care/o. Cars. app. pl. I Pinnated Grous, Arg. Zool. Lev. Muf HIS fpecies.is one-third bigger than the Common Partridge.. The bill brown = irides hazel: the whole plumage reddith. brown, marked’ tranfverfely with black and white waved lines : the feathers of the head form a creft, and two tufts of long. feathers fpring from each fide of the hind part of the neck ; thefe. are five in number, lapping one over the other, the longeft three inches in length: the greater quills are blackith,. fpotted: with rufous on the outer edge: the tail black beneath :: toes. yellow. The female is fmaller than. the male, lefs bright in colour, and: wants the wing feathers on the neck. This fingular fpecies is found in Carolina,. New Ferfey, and. other parts of North America, but particularly on the. brufhy. plains of Long Ifand, where they are very numerous ;. fuppofed, to lay many, eggs, as they are feen in families of twenty-four or. twenty-five, old and young together. They breed in Zuly. The- chief food is. buckle-berries, and acorns of the dwarf oak. In. Sepiember and Oéfoder, form themfelves into flocks of two hundred - or more, and as foon as the fnow falls, frequent places where- the pines graw. The male crows for half an hour. about day-- break, and at that time fets the wing-like feathers quite up-- sight, which in general are depending on each fide of the- 2° necks. GRO U S. neck.*.. It is obferved that more males are brought to market: than females, no doubt occafioned by their being. betrayed to the fportfman by their noife.. Tetrao lagopus, Lin. Syfti i. ps 274. 4.—Faum. Suece 203.—Scop. ant. io No 170.—Raii Syz. p. 55. 5.—Brus. p. 59-—Muller, N° 223.— Phil, Tranf. vol. xii. p. 390.—Frifch. pl. 110. 111.—Kram. el. p. 356.—Faun. Groenl, N°? 80.—Georgi Reife, p. 1726 Lia Gelinote blanche, Brif orn. i. p. 216. 12-—Pl, ent. 129, (in the winter drefs.)—Pi. ezl. 494. (in that of fummer), Le Lagopéde, Buf. oif- ii. p. 264. pl. Qs White Game, Will. orm. p. 176. pl. 32. Ptarmigan, Br. Zoof, i. N° g5:—Gént. Mag. 17720 plein po 74.—Tour iz Scot. 1771. pl. 16. f. 1.—Ara&. Zool. Br. Muf. Lev. Mufr- ' ENGTH from fourteen to fifteen inches.. Bill-black: the- plumage of a pale brown or afh-colour,. elegantly croffed or mottled with fmall dufky fpots, and minute. bars ;. the head. and neck with. broad bars of black, ruft-colour,..and white: the. wings white; the fhafts.of the greater quills black: the belly white. In the male the grey predominates, except on the head and neck, where there is a. great mixture of. red, with bars of white. The females and young birds have a great deal “of. ruft-colour about them: both agree in their winter-drefs, which. is pure white,. except that in the male .a black line occurs between the bill.and eye, and the fhafts. of the firft_feven. quills are- black.: the tail.confifts of fixteen feathers ;. the two middle ones. % GCatefby’s figure feems to be in the middle ftate between thefe.- are 745° 106 PT ARMIGAN: GR, Descrarrione: 74% Piace and MANNERS. GRO US. are afh-coloured in fummer, and white in winter; the two next lightly marked with white near the ends; the reft wholly black : the upper tail coverts almoft cover the tail. This inhabits moft of the northern parts of Europe, even as far as Groenland, and is very common in Rufia and Sibiria; it likewife frequents the A/pime mountains of Savoy, and is feen in plenty on the 4/ps and mount Cems. With us it is chiefly met with on the fummits of the higheft hills of the Higalands of Scotland; they are alfo not uncommon in the Hebrides and Orknies; and a few ftill inhabit the lofty hills near Ke/wick in Cumberland, as well as in Wales. The female lays eight or ten eggs, {potted with red-brown, the fize of thofe of a Pigeon, on the earth, in a ftony fituation, about the middle of Yume, in this imitating the reft of the Grows genus. Thefe are often met with in flocks in winter, and are ftupid filly birds, fuffering themfelves to be eafily knocked on the head, or driven into any fnare that is fet for them. ‘Their food confifts of the buds of trees, young fhoots of pine, heath, fruits, and JZerries, which grow on the mountains: on the continent feed greatly on the dwarf birch and black-berried heath, and fometimes on the various kinds of /iverwort. Suppofed to be monogamous ; for if the ex is killed the male will not forfake her, fo may be killed alfo with great eafe. The Groenlanders have a way of taking them with noofes tied to a long line, which being carried between two*men, is drawn over their heads. In Nova Scotia they are called Birch Partridges. Le GE 8 OV S. Le Lagopede dela Baie d’Hudfon, Buf. o:/. ii. p. 276. White Partridge, Hi. Hud/. Bay, i. pl. 1.—Edw. pl. 72.— Ara. Zool. ESIDES the one above-defcribed, a much larger fort is met with at Hud/on’s Bay, which Forffer feems to think the fame bird, though Buffow and. Pennant efteem it different. F cannot determine this point: however it is. two inches longer, and in the winter cloathing feems. perfectly the fame; but Mr. Pennant {ays it differs much in the fummer drefs, Edwards’s bird’ being marked with large fpots of white and dull orange,, whereas that of the Ptarmigan is pale brown or ath-colour; however this be, I have feen fuch variety of birds in the fummer-dre/s, that I am at a lofs what to fay about it. Dr. Forfer informs us, that this fort is in. plenty at Hud/on's Bay*,. and lives. in flocks in winter, feeding on the tops of the willows ; hence are called Willow Partridges: are fine eating, and fo plenty that ten thoufand have been taken at the everal forts in one winter, by driving them under nets properly placed. They have from nine to eleven young, and breed every. where on. the coafts.. They are alfo.called Susw Hens, and by the French: White Partridges +. ® In Lapland likewile.—See Amen. Acad. i. p. 349. de Betula nande + Kalm. Trav. lic p. 580. Tetragz Il. + WHITE GR. DEscRIPTIONe Piace. 744 LZ. HAZEL GR. GS R Ov, &. Tetrao bonafia, Zin. Syf. i. p. 275. g.—-Faun. Suec. N° 170.—Scop. ann. iv N° 173.—Brunz. p. §9:—Muller, 224.—Kram. el. p. 356. 4.—Georgt Reife, p. 173+ La Gelinote, Brif. orn. i. p. 191+ 3-—Buf. off. ii. ps 233. pl. 7—Pl, ent. 474. (the male.) 475. (the female). Hazelhun (Attagen of Gefner) Raii Syz. p.55. 6.—Will. orn. ps 175. pl. 3k —Ar&, Zool Lev. Muf. DESCRIPTION. S! ZE of the Guernfey Partridge: length fourteen inches. The bill is fhort and black: round the eyes bare, wrinkled, and of a deep crimfon: the head a trifle crefted: the upper parts of the head, neck, and body, are tranfverfely ftriated with rufous brown and afh-colour, inclining moft to the laft at the lower part of the back and rump: the feathers at the bafe of the upper mandible black: on each fide of the noftrils a fmall white {pot; between the bill and eye another ; and a third behind each eye: the chin and throat are black, furrounded by white : the fore part of the neck rufous grey, banded with black : belly aud thighs more inclined to afh-colour, marked with crefcents of black ; towards the vent pale grey: the wing coverts are marbled with rufous, powdered with brown, and mixed with black, with here and there a white dafh: quills grey brown within, at the tips rufous: tail compofed of fixteen feathers; the two middle ones like the back; all the others grey, marbled with brown, and marked with a broad bar of black near the tip : legs and claws grey; the fhins feathered on the fore part for half their length. The G W7O! US? The female differs in wanting the black chin and throat, and ‘having the bare carunculated part about the eyes lefs in fize, and not of fo fine a red. This fpecies inhabits the woods of Germ. iny *, particularly thofe at the foot of the Alps, and the high mountains in Silefa, Poland, &c.: they are alfo in numbers in the environs of Nu- remberg 3; and in fuch plenty in a {mall s/fand in the gulf of Genoa, that the name of Gelinotte i/land has been given to it. Linnaeus ranks it among his Swedi/b birds, and both Multer and Brunuich mention its being found in their countries. It is alfo frequent in feveral parts of Raffa, though lefs plenty than fome others of the genus: it grows fcarcer in Sibiria, efpecially towards the eaftern part. | The female generally lays her eggs, which are bigger than thofe of a Pigeon, in number from twelve to fifteen, or more, on the ground, at the foot of a Hazel, or great Mountain Fern, and ~ fits three weeks, but feldom produces more than feven or eight Chickens +, which run as foon as hatched. They frequently perch on trees, but only on the loweft branches neareft the body. Their food confifts of various derries and fruits, chiefly the cat- kins of the aze/ and birch ; and, in defect of thefe, on berries and tops of juniper, buds of birch {, firs, and other evergreens: when kept confined, will eat grain. The flefh is much efteemed, and * Common about Vienna, and much efteemed.—Browz. Trav. p. 154. + The Bonafa is mentioned as bringing only two young, the one male, the other female, and that it is found in the mountains of Forex.—Hi/?. de Lyons, i. p. 220. t Chiefly the dwarf birch——-Amen, at. i. Pe 349s You, II. BAS has AS FEMALE. Pace AND MaNNERS. 13. 4 RED GR. DgscRiPTions EEMALEs GR OU S: has been thought fit for the table of a prince. Is greatly efteemed by the Bobemians about Eajfter, when they fend it by way of prefent one to another: reckoned a rarity at Rome formerly, and there kept in cages: are often caught with a bird-call made to imitate their note. La Gelinotte d’Ecofle, Brif. ora. i. p. 199» pl. 22. f. 1.-Buf. oif. ii. p. 242. La Gelinote hup2e, Brif. orn. i. p.209- 9. L’Attagas, Buf. oi. ti. p. 252. Red Game, Moorcock, or Gorcock, Raii Sym. p. 54. A. 3.—Will. orm. p. 177-—Albin. i. pl. 23. 24. Red Grous, Br. Zool. i. N° g4. pl. 43.—Ar&. Zool, Leve Muf. HE male weighs nineteen ounces, and is in length fifteen inches and a half. The bill black ; noftrils covered with red and black feathers: irides hazel: over the eye a naked fringed red membrane: at the bafe of the lower mandible a white {pot : the throat is red.: the head and neck pale tawny red ; each feather marked with feveral bars of black: the back and fcapulars of a deeper red, with a large black {pot on the middle of each feather : breaft and belly dull purplith brown, croffed. with numerous narrow dufky lines: quills dufky : tail even, con- fifting of. fixteen feathers ;. the four middle ones barred with red; all the others black : legs covered to the claws with foft white- feathers : the claws whitifh, broad,. and ftrong.. The female is lefs, only weighing fifteen ounces: the colours. lefs bright than in,the ma/e, and the. naked red part over the eye- lefs confpicuous.. o- i Thefe- G RY@ US: Thefe birds moftly frequent the northern parts of this ifland; are very plentiful on all the wafte grounds and mountains of Cumberland; alfo common in York/bire, Derbyfoire, Lancafbire, and Wales. They pair in /pring, and lay from fix to ten eggs : the young brood follow the ex the whole fummer ; in winter join in flocks of forty or fifty, and become remarkably fhy and wild: they always keep on the top of the hills, fcarce ever being found on the fides, never defcending into the vallies: Their food is the mountain berries, and tops of heath*. Buffon fpeaks of a white bird of this kind, which he names Lattagas blanc +, and fays it is found about the mountains of Switzerland and thofe of Vicenza; but it is very doubtful whether it belongs to this fpecies. The only variety which I recollect is that in the Leverian Mufeuim ; which is very pale about the head, and has many white feathers mixed among the reft of the firie, but by no means patched with white; it therefore appears to have a greater affinity with the Ptarmigan than with the Red Grous. The above author alfo quotes one from Rzaczyu/ki, with part of the wings and belly white, the reft varied; and fays, that they are frequently met with of a pure white about Novogrod in Mu/covy ; but we cannot venture to {peak of them here with any * J have often wondered, that neither this bird, nor the Black Cock, entered the lift of the famed feaft of Archbifbop Nevil, efpecially as both are found in York/bire ; but perhaps they were not accuftomed to the tafte of them, or they did not think them a dainty in thofe days: in thefe they are efteemed, and fent as prefents towards the fouth, both frefh and potted. + Hiff. des oif. ii. p. 26z.—Suppofed to be the fame with one fpoken of by Gefner. Gene further 747 ‘PLACE ANB MANNERS: VARIETIESe #43 i4. PIN-TAILED GR, DzscrIPTIONe GeRs OO Us: further precifion, nor to form an idea what they are, unlefs Prar- MIZGNS» ‘Tetrao alchata, Lin. Spf. i. p. 276. 11.—Haffelq. Voy. p. 281: La Gelinote des Pyrenées, Brif. ora. i. p. 195. pl. 19. f. 1. 2. Le Ganga, Buf. oif, ii. p.244. pl.8.—P/. exl. 105. (male.) 106. (femaile.). Partridge of Damafcus, Will. orn. p. 178. pl. 29.—Raii Syn. p. Ftxo Gp Ee ' Kitiwiah, or African Lagopus, Shaqw’s Trav. pl. in p. 253. ‘Kata, Ruf: Alep. p. 64. pl. 9. Little Pintailed Grous, Edw, pl. 249+ S LZE of the Partridge: length thirteen inches and a half: Bill brown: round the eye black, paffing ina ftreak behind:. the head, upper parts of the neck, and back, variegated with a mixture of- olive, yellowifh, tawny, and black: fides of the head, and. part of the neck before, yellowifh afh-colour: chin and throat black: lower part of the neck and breaft orange; bounded above and below with a black line: from the breaft to the vent. white.:; wing coverts ftriped with orange and coffee- colour, mixed with white: the quills cinereous: tail brown, croffed with black lines; the two middle feathers much longer than the reft, and pointed at the. ends ; the part which exceeds. the other feathers is black; the reft of the tail is rounded in fhape, and the feathers white at the ends: the legs are cinereous, and covered with fhort, downy, white feathers on the fore part 3 the toes are pectinated on the fides, and the hind toe very fhort *.. *.Infomuch as.to deceive Shaw, who faysjt has-no back toe; Ru/féil calls . this hind toe only a/par, . 7 The G Ri iOn UW Sh The female is paler on the upper parts, and more variegated: wants the black on the throat, and the two middle tail feathers not-fo long in proportion; it has alfo on the throat two tranf- verfe lines of black, bounding the upper part of the orange- colour. This bird inhabits moft of the warmer parts of Europe, as ’ the fouth of: France, Spaia, and Italy; in Africa, as Barbary and Senegal; alfo frequent in Afa, and is a very beautiful fpe- cies, efpecially the male. A few.of thefe are found in all times at Aleppo; but they come in plenty from the deferts of Aratia and Syria, in May and une, in which feafon fo great numbers have been caught at one draw of the net, that an a/s has been loaded with them *; but they are food only for the natives, for their flefh is fo hard and dry that the Europeans never eat: them... Tetrao. Senegallus; Ein. Mantiff. 1771. p. 526... La Gelinotte de Senegal, P/. exl. 130. FII'S is fmaller than the former, being fearce twelve inches in length. The bill is dufky : general colour of the plu-- mage pale tawny red: over the eye a blueifh ftreak': chin and* throat yellow: fore part of the neck and breaft mottled with pale blue: the wing coverts marked with’ dufky fpots; and the fecondaries, and ends of the larger quills, dufky: the two middle: tail feathers longer than the others, as in the Piz-railed ; the reft fhorten by degrees, and much the fame in colour as in that- * Hift. of Aleppo.—In plenty about the pyramids: and other deferted -places:~. The drabian.name is Keta.—Hafilg, bird.s - 749; FEMALE. PLACE AND: MANNERS». 145 Var, A. Descriprions oa 756 “PLACE. Tye NAMAQUA GR. DESCRIPTION. FEMALBo ‘GR OO. US. bird: the legs are pale brown, feathered on the fore part as the laft, and the hind toe fmall, and placed above the heel. This inhabits Senegal, and feems a variety of the laft- defcribed. I have feen two fpecimens, both of which differed only in hav- ing a rufous band on the breaft, and the colours, though exactly the fame, much duller than in the Planches Enluminées. ESS than a Partridge: length nine inches *. Bill dufky blue: head, neck, and breaft, cinereous grey, verging to rufous about the fides of the head and throat: on the upper part of the breaft a narrow crefcent of white ; beneath this a broader one of chocolate-brown; from thence to the thighs a very deep afh- colour, almoft black: lower belly, thighs, and vent, pale cine- reous white: back and upper parts chocolate brown, the margins of the feathers darkeft: leffer wing coverts white, margined with chocolate; the greater ones of this laft colour, paler at the ends ; the tip of each feather marked with a blueifh fpot : quills dufky ; the tips of the fecondaries white within, and the fhafts of the _greater white: tail very cuneiform; the two middle feathers pointed as in the Pin-tailed Grous ; all the others tipped with white: legs feathered on the fore part to the toes, of a blueifh afh-colour, and furnifhed with a fmall fpur behind, placed inwards: the toes black. The female has the head and neck as in the ma/e, a little ftreaked with black: the upper parts of the body teffellated with black, white, and rufous: belly tranfverfely ftriated with black and white: in other things as in the male, except that the legs are deftitute of fpurs. * It is.of that fize and length in the drawing. Thefe GROU Ss ‘751: Thefe inhabit the country of the Namaqua Hottentots, andin Puack ano : : MANNEP6. the day-time frequent the thirfty defarts ; but are eafily fhot, by watching near the fountains, where fometimes three hundred will come at once to drink, water being very rare in thofe parts. Thefe make long flights, like Pigeons; and their note is different from any of the Grous tribe. They feed on the feeds of plants :: will alfo eat corn. Known in the parts they frequent by the. name of Namaqua Partridges. Froin the papers of Sir Fo/eph Banks. Tetrao arenaria, N.C. Petr. xix. p. 418. pl. 8. (P. S. Pallas). 165 SAND GR; HIS is bigger than the Partridge: length more than nineteen Descriprions. inches. Bill blue grey; tip black: head pale ath-colour; — crown and nape clouded yellowifh grey : chin deep yellow, ter- minated by a triangular black mark about the middle of the neck : the feathers of the throat and neck grey, fingularly trun- cated, and gloffy like thofe of a Dove: the upper parts of the- neck and body teftaceous white; each feather furrounded with a: brown border, encircling an oval yellowifh fpot ; on the lower part of the neck acrefcent of black: the breaft is white: belly, vent,,and thighs, black: wings hoary, with a deep yellow fpot. on the fecondaries: quills brownith, obliquely white at the bafe : the tail has fixteen feathers; the two middle ones pointed, and. yellowifh, croffed with brown lines ; the others brown with grey, lines; the tips white: legs flender, feathered to the toes; which are fhort, naked, and callous beneath: claws black: behind: is a fpur, which turns inwards,. and is prominent and pointed. Thee Famany. Puace anD MANNERS: 17° INDIAN GR, DescrrzPTIONe GR OF WS: The female is a trifle bigger; of a paler yellowith colour throughout, dotted on the head, neck, and throat, with black, and fafciated with the fame on the back; otherwife much like the male, but the markings lefs diftinct. ‘This {pecies is found only in the middle of the deferts extend- ing towards the Ca/pzan Sea. Very plenty towards Afrachan in fummer: pafles the winter in Perfia. The food is the feeds of various kinds of Afragali*, Seen in pairs in Zane. Drink much water; and obliged to frequent the neighbourhood of fuch fpots where it may be found; {fo that a traveller maybe fure of ~water being at hand, if he fees thefe birds. They go to the pools to drink three times in the day; when they are fo eager, that ‘they do not mind the fportfman, though very fhy at other times. ‘No where fo plenty as about the fandy fountains at Barlu-chuduk. Fly like Pigeons: have a fhrieking, though not unpleafant, cry : the eggs bigger than thofe of a Pigeon, and white: found perfect | in the body of the female the beginning of Funes but the me has not yet been met with. La Gelinote des Indes, Son. Voy. Ind. voleii, p. 1640 pl. 96. IZE of the Pin-tailed Grous. Bill yellowifh: forehead white, with a band of black furrounding it on the back part, from the bafe of the bill: hind part of the head pale rufous; on seach feather a longitudinal black ftreak: neck rufous grey: breaft bright brownifh red ; each feather tipped with a tranfverfe * Chiefly the Alopecurcides, Cicer, and Phyfedet—lLgn. i white white band, mixed with grey and black: the back, rump, tail, and leffer wing coverts, are rufous, inclining to yellow, croffed with femicircular black marks: the fecondaries dirty grey half way, the reft of the length croffed with four tranfverfe bands, the firft of which is black, the fecond white, the third black, and the fourth rufous yellow ; the primaries brownifh black: beneath the wings grey: belly dirty grey, crofled with tranfverfe black bands: legs brown. This fpecies is found on the coaft of Coromandel, where it is called Caille de la Chine. VW ori! AD ISCIR 1238, 40) 18S; Tetrao paradoxa, Pa//. Trav. vol. ii. p. 712.25. t. Fo HE bill in this fpecies is more flender than is ufual in the Grous kind; the upper mandible not fornicated, nor receiv- ing the lower: the head and neck, as far as the throat, hoary ; but the chin is yellowifh: on each fide of the neck is an orange fpot: round the throat a circular ftreak, compofed of numerous tran{verfe, flender, black lines: the back, between the wings, and quite to the tail, undulated with black and grey, as in the Bu/- tard: the breaft is of a pale reddifh afh-colour: beyond this, to the vent, black, marked with pale fpots: the baftard wing is un- dulated with black, and marked with large brownifh blood- coloured fpots at the tips of the feathers: the prime wing co- verts and fecond quills are rufty white, marked with a broadifh trace of black, parallel to the fhaft, quite to the tip: prime quills Vor. II. 5D brown, 753 PLACKe 18. HETEROCLITE GR. DzscriPTIoNn. 754 _ Pace. G Rk; Q) Uy & brown, pointed; the outer edges of them hoary towards the bafe; within white to the tip, leaft confpicuous on the outer ones: the legs feathered almoft to the nails, and are very fhort : the toes only three in number, all placed forwards, very fhort, and all joined together except at the tip, where the claws divide: the fole imbricated with horny papillz. This inhabits the defart parts of Southern Tartary, from whence Pallas received one ftuffed fpecimen. GENUS [ Genus LIV. * with N° 1. Cape P. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. . Senegal P. . Ceylon P. . Brown African P. . Bare-necked P. . Francolin P. . Pintado P. Common P. Var. A. . Damafcus P. . Mountain P. - Hackled P. Greek P. Var. A. Guernfey P. Var. B. Barbary P. Red-necked P. Rufous-breafted P. Pearled P. Var. A. Gingi P. Pondicherry P. 755 J PARTRIDGE. FOUR TOES. N°18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. Java P. Mexican P. Guiana P. Green P. Virginia P. Maryland P. Common Quail. Var. A. . Chinefe Q. - Crefted Q. - Louifiane Q. - Malouine Q. - Mexican Q.. . Leffer D°. - Noify Q. - Madagafcar Q. . Grey-throated Q. - Coromandel Q. - New Guinea Q. » Manilla Q. ** With 756 te CAPE P. DESCRIPTION. Puacz. PoyAy Raw Reb Go Ey f®* WITH THREE TOES N° 37. Gibraltar Q. N° 39. Black-necked Q.. 38. Andalufian Q. 40. Luzonian Q. I LL convex, ftrong, and fhort. Noftrils covered above with a callous prominent rim. No naked fkin above the eyes; but in many fpecies fur-. rounded with fmall warty excrefcences. Legs naked. Several fpecies furnifhed with fpurs behind.. Tail fhore. *WitHh FOUR TOES. Br. Mu. IZ E of the Red Grous: length nineteen inches. Bill ftout,, of a reddifh pale horn-colour: plumage in general dufky afh- colour, croffed with irregular curved grey lines: the head almoft plain: an the breaft the feathers are ftriped down the middle with white: the legs are red and ftout; an inch above the hind claw is a fharp fpur, and, about an inch further up, the rudi- ment of another: the claws are black. This inhabits the Cape of Good Hope, where it is called a Phea- fant; and is moft likely the fpecies alluded to in Forffer’s g Voyages Pe Re Rt DG. BK. Voyage *, which, he fays, is feen in large coveys, and not very thy, being frequently taken alive and tamed f. Tetrao bicalcaratus, Lia. Syft. i. p. 277. 15. La Perdrix du Senegal, Brif. orn. i, p. 231. pl. 24. f. 1.—Pl. eal. 1376 Le Bis-ergot, Buf. oif/. il, p. 443. Trifle bigger than the Red Partridge : letzeth thirteen inches. Bill one inch, horn-colour: the top of the head tawny: from the noftrils to the eyes is a black line, which paffes over them, and a little behind; over this is a rufous white band, and above that a black one, paffing to the hind head: the fides of the head beneath the eye are white, ftreaked with black: the neck tawny, marked with brown and dirty white fpots: the up- per parts of the body and wings brown, tawny, and dirty white, mixed: the under parts, from the breaft, partly the fame, but lefs: tawny: the tail banded with tawny and brown: quills brown, with paler fpots: legs brown, naked, furnifhed with two fpurs,, the one above the other, both of which are blunt. This inhabits Sevega/; and the bird from whence the defcrip- tion was taken a male. It feems to be that which Adan/on calls the Wood Hen £; and, if fo, the flefh is not very good.. Perdix SVOloaioupaigisite + © They took fevera] pairs, and, dipping them in water, ftrewed them with se afhes, and then put them among the bufhes with their heads under their ** wings.” Thus they ftock thofe places in which they do not breed natue- rally.—Jd. Maffan alfo mentions two kinds of Partridges, as well as Quails, as plentiful at the Cape (See Phil. Tranf. vol. Ixvi. p. 306.) ;. but neither of them give the leaft defcription. t Speaking of the flefh of the Hares of Sexegal, which he praifes, he adds,. se The: 757 Ze SENEGAL P: DEscairrTions. PLACEs. 758 CEYLON P. Description. FEMALE» Place. Bel Ror R YF ODAG UF. Perdix bicalearata, Zool. Ind. p. 25. ple 14. IZ E not mentioned : length (in the plate) about feven inches : in appearance a trifle bigger than a Quail. The bill is red; from thence to the eyes, and for fome fpace round them, naked and red: the head variegated with black and white: neck, breaft, upper part of the back, and wing coverts, black; each feather marked down the middle with a fagittal white ftreak : the lower part of the back is ferruginous: the tail rounded, brown: the legs red, naked, and furnifhed with two long fharp fpurs, the - one above the other *. The female has the head varied with black and afh-colour : breaft, back, and wings, rufty brown; the-feathers of the back -and wings marked with brown in the middle, and thofe of the breaft margined with luteous: the tail brown: the legs without fpurs. This fpecies inhabits Ceylon, being taken near Columbo, in that ifland. The Cingalefe call it Haban-kukella. «© The fame cannot be faid of their Partridges. I doubt much whether we ought *€ not rather to call them Wood Hens; for they are of the fame fize, and much ** about the fame colour. They are fufficiently diftinguifhed from other birds “* of this kind, by two ftrong {purs to their feet.” — Adanfon’s Senegal, 8vo. P: 44+ * On one of the legs there appears only a /izgle {pur ; which we may fuppofe owing to the miftake of the draughtfman, as the circumftance is not elfewhere mentioned. Le PUA RIG RF Pb Di G@, BE Le Perdrix rouge de Madagafcar, Son. Voy. Ind. vol. ii. p. 169. I ZE of the Common Partridge. The bill yellow: irides of a fine red: the general colour of the plumage dirty red brown; the top of the head and hind part of the neck deepeft, and moft inclined to brown: legs of a fine red, and furnifhed with two fpurs behind. Inhabits Madaga/car. Le Gorge-nue, Buf. of. 11. p. 444. LL that is faid of this bird is, that it is lefs variegated than the Francolin: the throat and fore part of the neck bare of feathers, being only covered with a red fkin: the tail fpreads out like a fan: the legs red, and furnifhed with a double fpur, as the laft fpecies. One of thefe was alive at Paris; but fufficient obfervation had not been taken of it to be enabled to fay more than the above, further than it ufed to perch. - Tetrao Francolinus, Liz. Syf. i. p. 275. 10. ——— orientalis Hafélg. Voy. p. 278. 43. Le Francolin, Brif. orn. i. p. 245. pl. 23. f. 2.— Buf. oif. ii. p. 438. —Pi. enl. 147. 148. Francolino (Attagen Aldrov.) Razz Syn. p. 54. 4. — Oline uc. pl. in ps 33.— Will. orn. p. 174. pl. 31. Francolin, Tourn. Voy. ato, vol. i. pl. in p. 412. —D° in 8vo, vol. ii. pl. 1. Pe 111.—Edw. pl. 246.—Gent. Mag. vol. xlii. pl. in p. 112. - Br. Muf. HIS beautiful fpecies is as large as the Common Partridge, ‘and meafures in length twelve inches and a quarter. The $0) bill 159 Ae BROWN AFRICAN P. DEscRIPTION» PLACE. ir BARE-NECKED P. DESCRIPTION Gai FRANCOLIN P, DescriPTioNe 760 WemMaLe. PLACE. PEAY Rad Ro. VW DaG. E. bill is dufky: irides hazel: over the eyes naked and red: the upper parts of the head, hind part of the neck, back, and wing coverts, are variegated with blackifh and yellowifh ruft-colour ; but the lower part of the back and rump are croffed with alter- nate lines of black and yellowifh white: the fides of the head, chin, throat and neck, breaft and belly, are black : on each jaw a ftreak of white; and behind the eye a large patch of the fame, which paffes forwards in a ftreak to the noftrils: round the neck is a collar of a rufty orange: the fides of the breaft and body » «marked with white fpots: the lower part of the belly, and fea- thers over the thighs, croffed with black lines : the under tail co- verts reddifh: quills dufky, marked with tranfverfe rufty yellow fpots : tail rounded ; the four middle feathers ftriped black and rufty yellow; the others, on each fide, with black and white for two thirds of the length, the reft black to the end: legs bare of feathers, reddifh, and furnifhed with a fpur. The female is lefs, and irregularly mixed with blackifh and rufty yellew throughout ; but in the back and tail much refem- bles the males This elegant bird inhabits only the warmer parts of Europe, viz. Spain, Italy, the Lipari Iflands, thofe of Sicily and Malta, and feveral other iflands of the Mediterranean. It is likewife met with in Barbary, Egypt *, Aleppo +, and feveral other parts of Afia, as far as Bengal t. The manners of this bird are not Prace. 19- MEXICAN. P. DESCRIPTION. 776 PLACzs 20. ‘GUIANA P. DescrIPTION. PLACE. PvA RR Ok BiG os, colour of the plumage brown, yellowifh, and fulvous, mixed, but the greateft part of the head and neck is fulvous, marked with grey and white fpots ; and the upper part of the head, the throat, and fides, are fpotted with black: wings grey, fpotted with fulvous and white above; beneath cinereous: legs pale red. Inhabits the more temperate parts of Mexico; and the fleth accounted very good to eat. Le Tocro, ou Perdrix de la Guiane, Buf. oi/. iv. p. $13? Partridge of Guiana, Bancr. Guian. p. 177.? IZE of our Common Partridge: \ength eleven inches. Bill brown: round the eyes red warty excrefcences: through the eye, and behind it, a pale rufous ftreak: the upper part of the plumage rufous brown: the exterior webs of the fcapulars mottled with afh-colour: wing coverts mottled with brownith afh-co- Jour: the back itfelf cinereous brown, “marked with blackifh dots: the throat cinereous: breaft cinereous brown, marked with obfcure paler bars: the belly pale orange brown: the quills have the outer webs fpotted with rufous: legs yellow brown. From Cayenne or Guiana, as I faw it in a colleétion from the laft-named place. : It is probable, that the bird referred to in Buffon may be this fpecies ; for he merely fays, that it is like our Partridge, even to the di// and /egs, although he ranks it with the reft of his Tinamous. Yam not fo clear about that of Bancroft, as he fays it is near twice the fize of ours: he adds, that they run on the eround, and fkulk among the buthes, like a Quail, and when ftarted, Pi Weevil, tassel zee Yreen LE arbre. (OA C Baa Re Staak Tt DG oe flarted, fly with a loud noife (a ftrong character of our Partridge). The natives call them Mams. One in the Britifh Mufeum not ~ ill correfponds with the above defcription, except that the chin is buff-colour, and the feathers of the head rather elongated. Perhaps a male bird. Br. Muf. IZ E between the Partridge and Quail: length eleven inches and a half: general colour of the plumage a beautiful deep green, inclining to dufky about the head: the bill pale red, a little bent at the end: between the bill and eye bare, and reddifh : _ beneath and behind the eye the fame: the tail, thighs, and vent, dufky : the wings are of a fine reddifh tawny brown, a little mottled with black; the quills paleft: lees pale red: hind toe without a claw. This I met with in the Briti/b Mu/eum, but without any hiftory annexed. Tetrao Virginianus, Liz. Sy. i. p. 277. 16. La Perdrix d’Amerique, Bri/. orz. i. p. 230. American Partridge, Cate/o. Car. iii. pl. 12. SMALLER than the Common Partridge. Bill black: irides red: fides of the head and throat yellowifh white: on each fide of the head three blackifh bands; one above, a fecond under the eye, and a third beginning beneath the throat, and tending toward the back part of the head, forming a kind of collar: the top of the head, neck, back, and rump, rufous brown, variegated Vou. II. 5G with Zi GREEN P. PL. LXVIL. DEscRIPTION. 225 VIRGINIA P. DeEsCRIPTIONe 778 PLACE. 23%. 4 MARYLAND DescriPTions FEMALE. Pract anD MANNERS. PA Rog RR Y BG E. with black : wing coverts rufous brown and black: quills dull brown, edged with rufous: tail plain dull brown: legs brown. Inhabits America, where it perches on trees, frequenting the woody rather than the open {pots. Tetrao Marilandus, Lin. Sy/f.i. p. 277. 17. La Pedrix de la Nouvelle Angleterre, Brif. orn. i. p. 229. 6.—Buf. otf. i. P- 447: New England Partridge, A/bin. i. pl. 28.—Brown. Fam. p. 471.—Ara. Zool. Br. Muf. Lev. Mu/. Vie, ESS than our Partridge. Bull ftout, black : irides yellow : head, and ail the upper parts, rufous brown, minutely mottled with black, and fome of the feapulars have a ftreak of yellow on them: the forehead is white, which divides, and forms a ftreak of the fame over each eye, paffing behind it, and fome way down the neck at the back part: above this white ftreak the feathers are dufky black: the chin and throat are white, bounded all round by dufky black, which is deepeft before, and fhaped like a crefcent: the under parts of the body are dirty yellowith white, marked with curved black lines: the fides, thighs, and vent, mixed with chefnut: legs brown. In fome birds there is a mixture of white on each fide of the neck backwards; and the black crefcent on the fore part of the neck deeper, and of a darker colour. The hen fcarcely differs from the cock, except that the chin 1s buff- coloured. ; This fpecies is found in America, from Eaft Florida to Nova Scotia, to which laft place it migrates in fpring, and breeds all over Pik Rel IDG ABS over the middle provinces in the month of Fume, where it mul- tiplies aftonifhingly, laying from twenty-two to twenty-five white eggs. The neft a few dry herbs raked together. [t feeds on Indian corn and berries. Oftener found in brufhy places and hedges than in the open fields, and if difturbed frequently takes to the trees. Returns fouthward in autumn, and is accounted good eating. The note is a loud kind of whiitle, twice quick repeated. Known by the natives by the name of Ho-ouy*; the New Englanders call it Bob-White. Towards winter grows tame, and flocks of three or four dozen come into farm-yards for the loofe grain, or run before the traveller to pick it from the horfe~ dung on the road. This bird is likewife {aid to be found in Sweden + as well as America. Tetrao coturnix, Lin. $f. i. p. 278. 20.—F aun. Suec. N° 206.—Scop. aan. is Ne 176.—Brun, N° 202.—Muller, N° 226.—Kram. el. p. 357. 7.— Frifch. pl. 117.—Georgi Reife, p. 173+ Tetrao Ifraelitorum, Hafélg. Voy. p. 279. p- 44- 4 La Caille, Brif- orm, i. p. 247. 14.—Buf. oif. ii. p. 449. pl. 16.—P/. end. 170. ‘ : The Quail, Rai# Syz. p. 58. A. 6—Will. orn. p. 169. pl. 29.—Albin. i pl. 30.—Br. Zool. i. N° 97.—Ar&. Zool. Br. Muf. Lev. Muf. ENGTH feven inches and a half. Bill dufky : the head black, mixed with rufous: down the middle of the crown, and back part of the neck, runs a yellowifh ftreak ; and another of the fame over each eye: the feathers of the back and wings are ferruginous brown, variegated with tawny and grey, and * Hift, de la Loui, ii, p. 126. + Kalm Trav. 5G2 down 779 Zhe + COMMON QUAIL. DescriPTiowe 780 FemMALe. Puace ann Manners. RacA RE ER) AC] iG, | ise down the fhaft of each is a yellowith ftreak: the chin, throat, belly, thighs, and vent, dirty yellowifh white: fore part of the neck and breaft pale rufous, marked with a few blackifh fpots, and the feathers ftreaked down the middle as the back, but paler: the feathers of the fides are rufous, marked with fmall blackifh {pots, and marked down the fhaft as the others: the quills are grey brown, croffed with rufous bands outwardly : the tail has twelve feathers, with black and pale rufous bars: legs pale brown. The female differs from the male in having no black fpots on the fore part of the neck, breaft, and fide feathers, and the rufous colour lefs vivid: fome of them have a long fpot of brown beneath the throat. The Quail feems to fpread entirely throughout the o/d world, but does not inhabit the new; is feen from the Cape of Good Hope quite to Iceland *, and throughout Rufia, Tartary, and China Jt ; and in fhort is mentioned by fo many travellers, and in fo many places, that we almoft call it an inhabitant of all. It is obferved to fhift quarters according to the feafon, coming xorthward in fpring, and departing /outh in autumn, and this in vatt flocks, like other migrating birds. Twice in a year come in fuch vaft quantities into Capri, that the difhep of the zfland draws the chief part of his revenue from them; hence is called the Quail Bifbop {. But this does not ftand alone; almoft all the iflands in the Archipelago, on the oppofite coafts, are at times covered *® Horrebow. + Said to be found in Falkland Ifes 3 alfo in New Zealand.—See Forfter’s O4/. p. 199. 4 Hifi. des oi/. é with, Been Re ee DE. Ge. TS: with thefe birds, and fome of them obtain a name from this cir= cumftance*. On the weft coaft of the kingdom of Naples, within the fpace of four or five miles, an hundred thoufand have been taken in a day, which have been fold for eight livres per hundred, to dealers who carry them for fale to Rome. Great quantities alfo fometimes alight in fpring on the coafts of Pro- vence, efpecially on the diocefe of the di/bop of Frejus, which is near the fea, and appear, at their firft landing, fo much fatigued that they are often taken by the hand. Thefe circumftances then leave not a doubt of their being the fame kind of birds which the divine hand of Providence thought right to direé in fuch quantities as to cover the camp of the murmuring J/raelites f, In the autumn, great quantities are frequently imported into England from France, for the table; which we have frequently feen on their paflage to London by the /tage-coaches, about an hundred in a large fquare box, divided into five or fix partitions one above another, juft high enough to admit.of the Quails ftanding upright; thefe boxes have wires on the fore part, and each partition furnifhed with a little trough for food; and I have been told they may be conveyed thus to great diftances without difficulty §. With us they may be faid not to be plenty at any time. * This is the cafe in an ifland in the harbour of Sz. Fago, which is called Quail Ile.—Forft. Voy. p. 39: + Hift. des cif. - } Exod. xvi. 13. § How they agree fo well I donot know. The ancients found them fuch quarrelfome birds, that when the children fell out they applied a proverb, ‘‘ as 5* quarrel/ome as Quails in @ cage.? - They 781 988 Zc Var. A. DerscrrPrion. BA ROT RY BG They breed with us, and the major part migrate fouth in autumn; the reft only fhift their quarters, as they have been met with on the coafts of Effex, and in Hamp/bire, in the winter-feafon, retiring there in Oéober *. It feeds like the Partridge, and like that bird makes no neft, except a few dry leaves or ftalks fcraped together may be called fo, and fometimes an hollow on the bare ground fuffices. In this the female lays her eggs o the number of fix or feven+, of a whitith colour, marked with irregular ruft-coloured fpots: the young follow the mother as foon as hatched, like young Par- tvidges. ‘They have but one brood ina year. Thefe birds are eafily drawn within reach of a net, by a call Imitating the voice, which is not unlike the words wh7t, whit, whit. Other ufes of them are made in China than for mere food; the one, for fighting, as we do Game Cocks; another, for warming the hands in the winter-feafon ; but for this laft purpofe they ufe other forts as well as this fpecies {. La grande Caille, Brif. orn. i. p. 251. A- Le Chrokiel, ou grande Caille de Pologne, Buf. oi/- ii. p. 476< HIS differs merely in being of a larger fize, and is found in Poland. Alfo a Quail totally white is mentioned by Ariftoile |. * Br. Zool.—A Quail was thot at Erith, in Kent, by one of my brothers, in January 1781. + Sometimes as far as ¢qwe/ve, but this is uncommon.—Br. Zool. } Both thefe circumftances we fee frequently in Céczefe paintings, and not unfrequently in the common paper-hangings from that country. Hi Hifte des oif. id, Pe 4706 5 Tetrae Pi A RIT RUD Do G) ES 733 Tetrao Chinenfis, Liz. Sy. i. p. 277+ 19- oe La Caille des Philippines, Bri/- orn. i. p. 254. pl. 25. f. 1.—-PJ. el. 126. CHINESE Q. (the female). La Fraife, ou Caille de la Chine, Buf. oif. il. p. 4780 Chinefe Quail, Edw. pl. 247. (the male). Br. Muf. Lev. Muf, “F415 is a fall fpecies, being in length only four inches*, DescriP tions The bill is black ; all the upper parts beautifully variegated with blackifh and pale brown: the throat black: cheeks and fore part of the neck white: on the cheeks is a line paffing from the gape through the middle, communicating on the fore part with the black on the throat: the breaft is deep afh-colour, marked with fome chefnut fpots: between the fore part of the neck and the breaft is a band of black: the belly, thighs, and vent chefnut : quills pale brown: tail very fhort, ehefnut: legs yellow: claws brown. The Cock Quail is largeft 7. This fpecies is found both in China and the Philippine Iles, Puacz, and is frequently made ufe of by the Chinefe to warm the hands in winter, as many of the paper-hangings from that country will teftify. The females are bought up by the Europeans, to make pies with on their voyage home, and coft three kaudarin apiece : the cock Quail is larger, and more fcarcet. ‘The Chinefe are alfo fond of Quail-fighting, in the manner of our Cocks, to thts day |. * Edwards's bird meafures near fix inches, and is {potted on the breaft with black. + Ofveck. t Ofveck Voy. i. p. 269. 3036 || Bdw.i p. 78. Tetrao 734 26: CRESTED Q. DESCRIPTION. PLACE. De AC RD Reo DG Es Tetrao criftatus, Liz. Sy. i. p. 277. 18. La Caille huppée du Mexique, Bri/. ora. i. p. 260. pl. 25. f. 2.—Pl. exl. 126. Le Zonecolin, Buf. cif. il. p. 485 *. Quauhtzonecolin, Raz Syxz. p. 158.—Will. orn. ps 393: Lev. Muf. I ZE of our Quail: length fix inches three quarters. Bill very ftout, and brown: on the head is a narrow creft, an inch in length ; this creft, the crown of the head, and chin, are fulvous : cheeks, neck, back, and rump, and from the belly to ‘the vent, variegated with- rufous, brown, black, and dirty yel- lowifh white, inclining moft to black on the cheeks and neck, and to rufous on the breaft and belly : the quills are brown: tail variegated brown and grey : legs brown. Inhabits Guiana and Mexico. That in the PJ. enl. has the throat, as well as the fpace between the bill and eye, fulvous. I believe it to be the fame bird defcribed by Briffon, but there does not feem to be any mixture of black in the plu- mage. . «* Buffon merely fays, that it is obfcure in colour, and diftinguifhed by its cry, which is flat, and fomewhat plaintive. Another is alfo mentioned, without the creft, rather {maller, which is moft likely different in fex.—See Ferngnd. Hit. Av. ch. 39¢ Tetraoe Papa RE dais I) DR GA, EY Tetrao Mexicanus, Lin. Syff.1. p. 277. 14. 785 27. La Caille de la Louifiane, Brif: orn. i. p. 258 20. ple 22. f. 2.— Pl, enl. LOUISIANE Q., 149- Le Colenicui, Buf. oi. ii. p. 487. Americanifche Hazel-huhn, Frich. pl. 113. Colcuicuiltic, or Quail’s Image, Raii Syn. p. 158.—Wll. orn. pe 393- Lev. Muf,. IZE of our Quail: length eight inches. Bill red: the head Descriptio». is black and chefhut mixed, the feathers being tipped with the laft colour: over each eye a ftripe of white, which paffes behind, and a Jittle way on the fide of the neck: throat white : hind part of the neck variegated with chefnut, black, and white : the upper part of the body, rump, and wings, chefnut, croffed with undulated black ftripes: fore part of the neck to the vent dirty white, croffed with blackifh ftripes, and a mixture of rufous fpots on the neck and fides: under tail coverts rufous, with paler tips: quills brown, edged with grey, and fpotted with rufous outwardly: the two middle tail feathers chefnut, croffed with minute black ftripes; the reft afh-colour, and more or lefs. tipped with the colours of the two middle ones: legs and claws red. Inhabits Louwifiana, Mexico, &c. One of thefe, in the Leverian Mujfeum, aniwers to the defcription above ; but the tail is wholly cufky. Vou. Il. 2 es H La PLace. 786 PUAT ROT) BU IT Da G:F 28. La Caille des Iles Malouines, Buf. otf. ii. p. 477.—Pl. enl. 222. MALOUINE Q, Uf. if. is Po 477 : DEscRreTEON: IZE and length of our Quail. Bill ftout, and of a lead— colour: the upper part of the plumage pale brown; the middle of the feathers dark brown, and towards the ends each: hath two or three curved lines of the fame: fides of the head — mottled with white: chin, fore part of the neck, and breatts brownifh yellow, marked with fpots and curved ftreaks of brown,, but paler than above: lower part of the breaft, the belly, thighs, and vent, white: quills dufky, with pale edges: tail brown,, banded with paler: legs brown. Pracs. Found at Falkland Ifands. 29 La grande Caille du Mexique, Brif orz. 1. p. 257. 19+ MEXICAN Q. Le grand. Colin, Buf. oi/. ii. p. 485. DESCRIPTION. HIS is much bigger than our Quail. The bill black : head’ crefted : that and the neck black and white mixed : the reft of the body fulvous: the quills of this laft colour, with white tips: legs black. PLACE. Inhabits Mexico. 30. La Caille du Mexique, Bri/. orn. 1. p. 256. 18. Bee Le Coyolcos, Buf. cif. ii. p. 486. : a Coyolcozque, feu Coli fonalis, Raid Syx. p. 158.—Will. orn. p. 393. DescRIPTION. HE eyes are black: the top of the head and neck black. and white, forming bands on each fide of the neck from 9 the Sa Ree aR YT DG ss the eye; the reft of the body is fulvous above, mixed with white: legs fulvous. This bird inhabits Mexico, and frequents the fields. Tas the fame note, and manner of living, as the other Mexican Quails. Another Quail is likewife mentioned by Fernandez, which, he fays, is the fize and fhape of our Quail, and has the plumage of other Quails ef Mexico; characters too indiftinct to give in- fermation of the fpecies. La Caille de Java, Brif. ora. i. p., 251. 15. Le Reveil-matin, ou la Caille de Java, Buf. oi/. il. p. 479. Coturnix Indica Bontii (Indian Quail of Bontius), Raz Syn. Pp. 58. 7.— Will. orn. 171, pl. 29. IZE of a Turtle, and exactly refembles our Quail, but has a longer bill. This inhabits the ifland of Fava, and cries by intervals like our Quail, but the noife more like that which Bzéterns make in the marfhes than any kind of Quai!: is eafily tamed: but of fo cold a nature, that if not kept warm, efpecially of nights, and expofed to the fun, with fand ftrewed under them, they are in danger of dying. When kept in houfes, are valued by the inha- bitants ; for the moment the fun rifes they begin their cry, fo Joud as to wake the whole houfe: hence ufed as an alarm. Said to feed by coveys, like Partridges, in the woods; but often kept tame, the cock, ben, and whole brood, walking up and down ‘the yards of houfes like other poultry +. The cocks much given to fighting among one another, like Game-cocks. * See Hift. des vif, ii. p. 486. Le Cacolin, + Willughby. uel La PLACE. 3t. NOISY Q. DescrIPTION. PLACE and Manners. 788 32+ MADAGASCAR Q DescrirTion. Prac. 33- GREY- THROATED Q. DescripTioNne Pi Ai RoR: 1) spiewne La grande Caille de Madagafcar, Son. Voy. Ind. vol. ii. p. 169. pl. 98. HIS is about double the fize of our Quail. The bill black: irides of a dirty yellow: top of the head, hind parc. of the neck, and back, brownifh rufous, ftreaked with yellowish white lines on the top of the head: the back feathers have alfo. the fame ftreaks, but croffed with tran{fverfe black bands: on each fide of the head are two. white ftreaks, the firft above the eye, defcending down the neck; the other, from the gape, run- ning nearly parallel; between them grey: the throat is black : above the breaft chefnut: the breaft and belly black, marked. with round fpots of white: the feathers on the fides of the belly are long and narrow, and hide both the belly and thighs; thefe are chefnut, with yellowifh white fhafts, bounded on each fide with a black line: the leffer wing coverts are pale rufous, ftreaked with white, and crofled with irregular lines of black; the-others are the fame, but croffed with yellowifh white; the fecond quills black, marked with yellowifh bands, and have yellowifh white fhafts; the greater dirty brown: tail black, croffed with yel. lowifh white 5 the fhafts of this laft colour: legs pale rufous. Inhabits Madagafcar, ; La Caille brune de Madagafcar,. Sox. Vay. Ind. vol. ii. p. 171.. S! ZE of our Quail. Bill black: irides yellow: top of the - head, and neck behind, black and rufous ; the black feathers moft in number: throat pale dirty grey: fore part of the neck, breaft, and belly, the fame, with two. bands of black on each fea- ther parallel to the margin all round: back, rump, wings, and tail, Para ROT oR J De Ga E, tail, pale dirty grey, croffed with black bands: greater quills brown: legs black. Inhabits Madaga/fcar.. Ta petite Caille de Gingi, Sox. Voy Ind. vol. if, pe 172.. HTS is one third lefs than our Quail. The head is black ; the crown rufous yellow; through the eye a ftreak of the fame: the throat is white, terminated by a black. f{tripe: the fore part of the neck, breaft, and belly, reddifh yellow, ftreaked with black, and each ftreak bounded with white on the fides: from the throat to the belly is a zigzag band of black: the hind part of the neck pale rufous, with a longitudinal yellowith ftreak on each feather, bounded with black on the fides : back, rump, and leffer wing coverts, rufous chefnut; on each feather a yellowifh ftreak, crofled by lines of the fame, which are bounded on each fide with black :: quills brown.. The female is the fame above ;. more dull beneath: the throat. white, bounded with black: fore part of the neck reddifh yel- low; each feather ftreaked with white, and marked with two round black fpots on the fides: the belly is the fame, but croffed. with bands of black inftead of f{pots. Inhabits the coaft of Coromandel. . La Caille dela Nouvelle Guinée, Sc. Voy. Ind. 170. ple 105. ALF the fize of the Common Quail. General colour brown, brighteft on the head and belly: wing coverts edged with dirty yellow: quills black: irides and legs greyith. Inhabits New Guinea. 789 PLacee- 34. COROMANDEL Q Description. FEMALE. Prace. 35: NEW GUINEA Q DescRIPTION. PLACE> 799 36. MANILLA Q. DescrRIPTION. PLACE. 37. GIBRALTAR Q. DESCRIPTION. PLACE, Pe Av Ria Re Ti De Gas La petite Caille de L’ifle de Lugon, Sox. Foy. p. 54. pl. 24: IZE of an Houfe Sparrow: length only four inches. Bill dufky: top and hind part of the head black: back and wings the fame, marked with oblong grey lines on the wings: threat white: fides tinged with rufous: breaft greyifh, tranf- verfely fpetted with black: belly yellow, banded with black : legs dufky. Inhabits the ifland of Manilla. 2 OM) fin Sea ROE, il @ kis. Lev. Mu: ENGTH fix inches and a half. Bill black: crown chef- nut brown, fringed with white: back the fame, barred with black: wing coverts rufty brown; in the middle of each a black fpot furrounded with white, which alfo ends the feathers : chin and throat barred black and dufky white: breaft white, with a crefcent of black on each feather, except down the middle; which is of a pale ruft-colour; and there is likewife a mixture of this laft along with the black: belly, fides, and vent, paler, in- clining to yellow: quills and tail dufky; the laft fhort, and ftriated with black and rufous brown, fringed with white: legs pale: toes only three in number, ali placed forwards. In the collection of Sir Abton Lever, who had it from Gi- braltar. GENERAL Br AR To ES Der Gt R, ENERAL colour an elegant rufous ;, the feathers irrecu- arly marked and barred with black: fides of the neck fpotted with the laft: the under parts, from the chin to the vent, pale rufous white, with a yellow tinge on the fore part of the neck and breaft: the quills dufky: the bill and legs are flefhi- coloured; the laft has only three toes, all placed forwards. This inhabits Azdalufia*.. La Caille de Madagafcar, Brif. orn.i. p. 252. 16. pl. 24. f. 2.—-Buf. oi. il. P> 479.—Pl. ent, 171. S IZE of our Quail: length fix inches and a half. Bill cine- reous: the upper parts of the head, and fides of it and the neck, white and black, with a mixture of rufous: the upper parts of the neck and body are variegated with afh-coloured, rufous, and black; the laft in ftreaks, and in fome parts broader, forming {pots: wing coverts irregularly mixed, rufous and afh-colour ; befides which are fome irregular fpots of yellowifh white, moft of them accompanied with a ftreak of black: fcapulars partly the fame, except there is a whitifh ftreak on fome of the feathers = chin and fore part of the neck black, ending in a point on the breaft: the breaft itfelf, fides of the body, belly, thighs, and vent, cinereous: fides of the breaft rufous: under tail coverts ftriped with black: quills brown; the three or four outer ones edged * Mr. Pennant. Moft likely the fame bird with the Three-tced Quail of Shaw, which he fays is a bird of paffage, and is caught by running it down; for having been fprung once or twice, it becomes fo fatigued as to be overtaken and knocked down with a flick. — T7av. p. 300.. with: 79% 38. AND ALUSIAN Pea IN FRONTISPIECS. DescriIPTioN. PLACE. 39: BLACK- NECKED Q DescRIPTiONe 792 PwA (Reo) RR, 1G aE with white: tail like the upper parts of the body: legs cine- reous: the hind toe wanting. PLACE. AUnhabits Madagafcar. LUZONIAN (ely Caille de L’Iifle de Lugon, Son. Voy. p. 54. pl. 23. m Deccnae rion: *H1S is one third lefs than the European Quazl. Bill greyith: the head, hind part of the neck, and throat, black and white mixed, moft irregular on the firft; fore part of the neck and breaft chefnut red: belly pale yellow: the back is blackith grey: the greater quills grey; the leffer ones yellow at the ends, and in the middle of the yellow a fpot of black on each, which is round, and half furrounded with chefnut red: tail fhort: legs pale grey: the toes only three in number, and all placed forwards. Inhabits the ifland of Manilla. ‘ GENUS | ne Pll. DXVEEE, oF ie (banied unter - Ld REO RSE ADEE SN IORI OR oe wee SS Co - Peete tee tr 793 J GEewus LV... TRUMPETER. ahs, I. Gold-breafted Trumpeter. I LL moderate; the upper mandible a little convex. Noftrils oblong, funk, and pervious. Tongue cartilaginous, flat, fringed at the end. Legs naked a little above the knees. - Toes three before, one behind; the laft {mall, with a round protuberance beneath it, while is at a little diftance from the ground. is Pfophia crepitans, Liz. Sy. i. p. 263. 1» Grus Pfophia, Pallas Spic. 4. pl. 1. ; GOLD- Le Faifan des Antilles, Bri/. orz. i. p. 269. BREASTED TR, L’Agami, Buf. aif. iv. P- 487. pl. 23.—PI. exl. 169. Pi, LXVIIL. Le Caracara *, Buf. cif. il. p. 292. '—Hift. des Aut. vol. ii. ch. 5. §8.? L’Oifeau trompette, Defer. Surin. il. p. 162. Lev. Muf. S IZE of a large Fow/; but has a long neck, and ftands very Descazetion. high on the legs: length twenty inches, General colour of the plumage black: the feathers of the head very fhort and downy: bill dull yellowifh green, with the end dufky (in fome * A different bird, ‘ the name of Caracara, is mentioned in vol. i, p. 63. of this work. ae ae Vou. Il. 4 si | ous 794 PLacE anp Manners. TR UGME-P El Ter aR: birds black): noftrils oblong, pervious: irides luteous brown > round the eyes fomewhat bare, and reddifh: the general colour of the plumage black: the feathers of the head and neck very fhort: and downy ; thofe on the fore part of the neck and upper part of the breaft of a very gloffy gilded green, with a reflection of blue in fome lights: the feathers between the fhoulders ferruginous,. changing into a pale afh-colour as they pafs downwards, and are toofe and filky ; thofe of the fcapulars very long, and hang over the tail, which is very fhort, and confifts of twelve feathers, of a black colour: the legs are long and greenifh; claws black. In fome birds the colour varies a little, as the wings have a mixture of white. ) This fingular bird inhabits various parts of South America, Brafil, Guiana, Surinam, &c.; but met with in greateft numbers in the Amazons Country. It lays eggs a little bigger than thofe of a Hen, of a blue green colour. Is faid to be a familiar bird, and will frequently follow after the perfon who takes care of it. Tt is remarkable for the noife it emits, which.authors differ much about, in refpect to the place from whence it proceeds; fome fuppofing it to be from the avus *, or, according to others, the belly. At firft the found feems to proceed from the mouth, two or three times repeated, not unlike the word /cherck.. This is anfwered by a noife from within, not unlike the cooing of a Dove many times repeated. The belly feems much agitated during this noife. Sometimes the bird makes this noife without any found from the mouth preceding it. It readily feeds on bread, fee, and fmall fb: runs faft, with long ftrides, affifted with ex- * Roftro muffitanti refpondet per anum,.—Lix. panded ee RLU Vig, Bante oR. panded wings; and fleeps on one foot, with the head drawn in between the fhoulders, like the Stork. I much fufpect that the bird of Du Zeive, above-quoted, is the fame ; which he fays is as large as a Capon, with a bill like a Raven: the neck and legs longer than thofe of a Cock: the fea- thers of the neck and breaft blue and gloffy, equal to thofe of a Peacock: the back grey brown: wings and tail black; the laft very fhort. This is faid to inhabit the Carribee Iffands, where it is called Pheafant. It is often tamed, and kept among poultry: is quar- relfome, and for the moft part victorious; often killing not only fowls, but Turkies alfo; and is known to follow the inhabitants, efpecially the negroes, pecking their legs, and not unfrequently fetching blood. The flefh is reckoned as good as that of a Pheafant. Bla GENUS 795 PEACH. C 796 J Genus LVI. BUSTARD N° 1. Great B. N° 6. Ruffed B. 2. Little B. 7. Rhaad B. 3. Arabian B. 8. White-chinned B, 4. White-eared B. g. Thick-knee’d B, 5. Indian B. ILL alittle convex. Noftrils open, oblong. Tongue floping on each fide near the end, and pointed.. Legs long, and naked above the knees. Toes only three; no back toe. Natives only of the old continent : none in America. Ie Otis tarda, Lin. Sy. i. p. 264. 1. — Faun. Suec. N° 196. — Scop. ann. is GREAT B. N° 159. — Kram. el. p. 354. N° 1.— Frifch. pl. 106. — Georgi Reifes p: 172. L’Outarde, Brif. orn. v. p. 19.— Buf. oif ii. p. 16 pl. 1-—P/. enl. 245. Buftard, Razi Syn. p. 58. A. 1.—Will. ora. p. 378. pl. 32.—Edw. 79. 80.—= Albin, iii. pl. 38. 39.—Br. Zool. i. N° 98. pl. 44.— Dk Ole. Ss FOR THe A Te Bes. RONTISPIECE to Part the Firft. OTAHEITE SwALLow. PLATE XXXVI. WaTTLED STarRLINGs — to face Page 9 XXXVI. THIcK-BILLED TuRusH 34 XXXVIII. WHITE-TAILED D? —- 49 XXXIX. LoNG-TAILED D° — 72 XL. CARUNCULATED CHATTERERS 98 XLI. WuaiTe-packep Cory _ IOI XLII. PARRoT-BILLED GRosBEAK — 108 XLII! Brack-yEapEep De — 150 XLIV. BLack-THROATED BuNTING —— 197 XLV. BLacK-cROWNED D° ——— 202 XLVI. VARIEGATED TANAGER — 219 XLVII. Crrmson-CROWNED FINCH —= 259 KLVUI. Parrot Finch — — 287 ALIX. FAN-TAILED FLY-CATCHER 340 L. Rep-BpeLtrirp D° 343 Ver. Il, | 5 L FRONTIs= DIRECTIONS FOR THE PLATES, FRONTISPIECE to Part Second. ANDALUSIAN QUAIL. PLATE LI. LON LIIL. LIV. LV. EVI. LVIL. LVI. LIX. LX. LXI. LXII. LXIII. TExVi. LXV. LXVI. LXVII. LXVIII. LXIX, New-ZeaLanp Larx to face Page 384: THORN-TAILED- WARBLER — 463 SuPERB DD’. 501 STRIPED-HEADED MANAKIN £26 GREAT-HEADED TITMOUSE 557 Rurous-HEADED SWALLOW — 571 JAMAICA GOATSUCKER —_— sgt LESSER-CROWNED PIGEON: ——— Hook-BILLED D® — inet MALE-FEATHERED PEAHEN — Ture YACou — — — CRESTED. PINTADO —— 688: HEN-CRESTED CURASSOW ——— 693 CRESTED PHEASANT ——— 720. 623 632 672 681 VARIEGATED TINAMOU 726: HackLep PARTRIDGE 766 GREEN D* eG GoLD-BREASTED TRUMPETER — 793 WHITE-EARED BusTARD. — 802. TN DEX I BADAVINE Acoho £githus Agami Agripenne Alapi Alauda alpeftris arborea arvenfis calandra campettris Capenfis criftata —_— minor — Mongolica — mutabilis — ratenfis fpinoletta tartarica — Alouette aux joues brunes blanche — de bois de Buiffon de Champ — d Italie de Marais de Penfylvanie de prez de Siberie — de Virginie du Cap. de Bonne E groffe — huppée — hupée de Malabar de Senegal petite noire noire a dos fauve fj [TC ELLPRPP RRR Et t= ao} Aoi k Alouette noire de la Encenada pp. 37% petite de Buenos Ayres 388 _, grifede Gingi — 380 Pipt — — 42 Alp a wh Amaduvade Bird — — gil Amandavea — — ib. Amazone —_ — 195 Ampelis carnifex — — 7 cayana — — 95 cotinga — — 94 garrulus — — QI, 93 maynana — — 96 pompadora — — ib. terfa — — 95 Amfel fchwartze — — 43 ring — — 46 Arada _ — 80 Argus — _— “— 710 Attagas —_ — 746 blanc _ — 747. Attagen —— — 744, 759 Averano —_ — 99 _ Avicula cinerea —_ — +73 Avingarfak _— = 544 Avis Amer. rubicilla — — 150 Mexic. rubra — 21 Paradifiaca Braf. — 347 Orient. — 345 Azul lexos —— — 206 Azur petit _— — 339 B. Babakery _ — 62 Baglafecht = — 130 Bambla — — 984 Bananitte _ — 498 Baniahbon 5 Lz [ Bavishhou ~ =~ page 35 Boaring ———- page 399: 433 Barbichon: eo —— 365 LEoarola Cr) Tr gOS: Bartavelle = —= ceed — 767 Bob Lincola -——— — 189: Beam Bird — — 414 Bonana — 269 Beardmanica — — 552 Bonjour Commandeur — 187 Beau marquet — — 266 Borin — 44 Eeccafigo _ — 413, 432 Boubil -_—_—_- — 1 cannapino — — 4:7 Bouveret ———~ — 146 Bec croifé _— — 106 Bouvier —— — 433 Bec d’argent _ — 214 Bovvreuil -_-_— — 143 2co de prata — — 280 a bec blanc — 146 Bec rond _ — ) 16. a ventre roux — 158 a ventre roux — 158 blanc — 144 violet _— — 117 bleu 116, 117 Befroi grand _ 1 — 86 noir —— — 144 petit _— — 87 a’ Afrique — ib. Bengali — — 310 du Mexique — 147 braun _ — 312 petit — — ib. piqueté —_ — 311 violet — 1175 275 Benguelinha _ — 3°09 Boufcarle — 429 Bergeronette a collier — = — 395 Brambling — 165, 261 de Java — — 309 greater — 263, Madratt — 397 Bruant. — 170 printemps — 408 de Bourbon — 210 | ‘Yimor — 401 de Haye —— — 190 du Cap de Bon. Efp. 402 de Pres —— — 191 grife —— 397, 399 de St Domingue — lof jaune — — 3098 de Surinam ——- — ait petite — — 402 familier —— — 194 Bianchetto — — 418 fou — — I91 Bimbelé- — _ — 498 Brunet = 70; 269: Bird black and orange —- 268, 427 Brunor —_— — 157 and white — — 488 Bulfinch. — — 143 blue _ — 446 American. —= 123;.19Q) red-bellied — 504 black — — 144 fhow — — 166, 386 little om————— 147 Bis-ergot — _ — 757 brown little ——= —_ 157 Black Cock oi ets} China. —— — 206: Game — — ib. greater —— — 242 Blackbird — — 43 greatet ——= — IIL pied — — 44 Bunting. Amazons — 195. red-breafted — 214 Angola — — 155 white — 44 Aoonalafhka — 2c2 headed — 44 barred-tail — 187 Black cap == 415, 541 black -—— — 166; Bluet Se — 226 breafted — 163 Bunting Noes BX. ONE Dy Box: Bunting, black-crowned page faced ———- — headed throated: blue =— faced Bourbon Brafilian = broumal ——= Cape Chinefe es cinereous —— cirl ————_—_— common —— erimfon Dominican ——= familiar foolith genus —— reen —— . headed grey Se indigo ——~ Lefbian —-—— long-tailed —— Lorrain —<- Louifiane +— Mexican —— military ——. mountain ———= muftachoe olive orange-fhouldered: ortolan painted © Panayan pafferine pied —— pine —— Plata ———— pfittaceous ——= red-eyed ——= rumped et ee bririiiid! Se tlelel tele tate te reed rice —— tty 202 192 198 197 205 229 210 197 199 155 169 24 190 171 194 180 194 191 160 209. ~2iL ib. 20 me 181 176 177 198 ib. 165 175 195 184 166 206 184 196 163 203 210 178 210 208 173 188 197 Bunting, Sandwich —_ page’ 209 Sateciicd Sey pa 183 foow —~ — 164 {potted —~ — 167 Sunnam — — 212 tawny —— — 164 Towhe — — 199 variegated = — 181 Whidah — — 178 white-ecrowned — 200 wreathed — — 200 yellow — 170 breafted — 201 faced - —= 195 Buftard, Arabian — 801 genus — 796 great —— — ib. Indian ——— 804 little _—— — 799: Rhaad —— — 805 ruffed. —_— — ib, thick-kneed. — 806. white-chinned — ib. eared —— — §80z Butcher-bird, leat — — 552 (SC, Cabaret. _— — 307, Cacaftotl — — 12 Caille _ — 779 brune de Madagafcar — 788 de Java —_— — 737 de la Chine — 753» 783 de la Louifiane — 785 de la N. Guinée — 789 de Luson —— — 792 de Madagafcar —— 791 des Ifles Malouines -——- 786 des Philippines — 783 du Mexique ——.- 786 grande — ' —= 782, 786 de la Chine 7698 de Madagafcar — 788 huppee — 784 Caille TA NMG Dt) Bei 20 €aille petite de Gingi — page 789 Chardonneret atcte rayce page 283 de Lugon 790 noire — ib. Calandre ——— 382, 334 J blanc —. ib. Calatti — 244 blanchatre ——= ib. Calfat ——s — 210 : d’Amerique — 288 Camail _ — 222 : de Canada -—— ib. Canary bird ———— — 293 de Suede — 287 wild —— — 549 de Surinam — 288 -Canne-petiere —= — 799 jaune — — ib. Caprimulgus Europ. — 593; 595 metis — — 285 Americ. — 600 ~ mulet — — ib. Caquautototl — 93 noir — — 284 Caracara — 793 atéte jaune — 285 Cardinal — ——_ 118, 215 -verd _ — 286 a collier —— — 216 Chat, yellow-brealted —— 350 brun ——— — 242 Chatterer, blue-breafted ——- 95 creftted —— — 123 Bohemian — 9g! d’Angola ———_-—_—-1122 Carolina — — 93 de Canada — 217 carunculated ——s 1 OS de Madagafcar -—— 119 genus — — 91 Dominican — 123, 124 grey — —- 97 du Cap. de Bon. Efp. 320 pompadour — § 96 du Mexique — 219 purple-breafted — 94 tacheteé = ——= — 216 throated — 95 Cardueli congener — — 285 red — 97 Carilloneur —— — 8 filky — — 96 Caffe-noifette — 521 variegated —— — 99 ~ Cat-bird — — 353 waxen — — gil Catotol — — 292 Cheric — 475 Caudac —_—= — 358 Cherry-fucker — — 324 Caxcaxtotot] —— — 12 Chi-chup-pi-fue — — 386 Cehoilotl pases — 633 Chic de Mitilene —— — 276 ~-Ceinture de Préetre —— — 387 gavotte ——— 2) PS Cencontlatolli — 41 mouftache —— — ib. -Cendrille — 388 Chinquis ——— — 675 Chacamel —- — 696 Chin-tchien-Khi —= — ib. _-Chachalacametl _ 22 abs) Chivin — — Aid Chaffinch — ‘257. Chloris —— — 299 pied == 163 hrokiel — — 782 -Chantre — 512 Churge —_ “— 804 -Charadrius cedicnemus — 806 Ciamontaning =— —. 192 Charbonniere — 536 felvatica — — ib. petite —— 5,0 Cirlus ftultus _ = HOY Chardonneret —— — 281 Citril — ——— 297 A quatreraies —- 287 Citrinello -— — 199 atete blanche — 282 Chignot _— — 452 Cobweb 9) FN Cobweb _ page 323 Columba gutturofa — page Cochevis —- — 389, 392 gyratrix = Cock, Bantam _ — 706 Hifpanica — a black _— — 753 hifpida — = crefted — — 703 Jamaicenfis — — Darking _ — ibe Indica — = domeftic _— — 700 laticanda — — dung-hill — — ib. leucocerhala —_— dwarf _ — 705 leucoptera — —_ frizzled —_ — 704, Livia — = Indian = — 695 Madagafcarienfis — mountain — — 729 marginata — _ negro _— — 728. Martinica — — of the wood _ — 729 melanocephala _ Paduan ~ — 707 migratoria = —- — rough-footed — — 706 minor capite albo — rumplefs _— — 705 minor ventre candido — filk — — 708 minuta —_ — Torkifh — — 707 montana — ~ wild _— — 698 mugiens — — Cccotzin — _ — 659. nicobarica —— Coiffe-noire — — — 223 palombus — — Colcuicuiltic — — 785° paflerina — — Colemoufe _ — 540 riforia — — Coldfinch — — 324 rupicola. — — Colin grand — — 786 Senegalenfis — Coliou de Panay — — 103 finica — = du Cap de B. Efp. — 100 ftriata _— _— hupé = — 101 tabellaria —- — rayé _ — — 102 tetraoides — = Coli fonalis — — 786 turbita — — Colma _ — 385 turcica — — Contra — — 5 Tartor — — Columba znas — — 604 vernans — — zenea _ — 636 viridis _ — afra _— — 656 Columbade petite — — Amboinenfis —- — 665 Coly cape = — auftralis — — 641 genus — — Canadenfis — — 658 Panayan — — Capenfis — — 666 radiated — — Carolinenis —- — 663 Senegal. © — _ coronata — — 620 white-backed — _— cucullata — — 610 Conquedle _— — cyanocephala —- — 651 Coo-ow — — dafy pus _ — 609 Cog acinque doigts — — domeftica = -— — 608 commun — _— galeata — — 612 d’ Angleterre — _ Guinea _ — 639 de Bantam _ _ D E xX Liane: Driek wyx: €oq de Bruyere _ a fraife — a queue fourchue piquete ‘de -Caux de Madagafcar de Mozambic . de Perfe de Padoue de roche de Turquie du Japon frifé huppé nain negre patu fans croupion fauvage des Indes Cequancototl Coquar Coqueluche ‘Coquillade Coraya Cordon bleu Corn-bitter Cotinga —- a tal on 5 _ oO my a plumes foyeufes blanc de Cayenne aes Maynas du Br fil du Mexique gris pouipre pourpre rouge tacheré Coturnix Indica €Cou-jaune Courly de terre Cowpen Coxilitli Cc yolcos Coyolcozque Ciake-water € apaud volant avate — — — Se ee et — _— aa 599°; S972 5 w= 222 729 738 Cravate jaune Crax alector globicera mitu rubra Pauxi Creeper, black and white Hamburg Hen Pine yellow-throated — — Croiffant Crofsbill, common white- winged — Cojelier Cuiriri acamaky Cul blanc du Senegal Cap de B. Efp. gris rouffatre roux Cal rouffet ; Curaffow, crefted — crying Cufhew genus globofe Curlew, Stone Currefo Currucca fubfufca Cufhew Bird Cyanos — — | [o,) \o Qo . | ee mili Dattier _ _ Dauphinois Demifin a huppe & gorge blanches 4 "Ss HIUEEEE CELE mangeur de vers — 499 noir & bleu — — 319 & roux —_ — 497 Demi poule d’Inde _— — 717 Deuil petit — — 552 Diggo-wagh- wagh _— Sar Ge! Di udon — a iT 675, 679 du Brehil _ = ae) Dith-wafher = Dorr Hawk = Dove, brown Indian China — green-winged ground long-tailed Parrot Portugal ring — ftock — tran{verfe ftriped turtle white-bellied Draine Winged Duck, French field Dur bec Elotototl Emberife 4 cinque couleurs Emberiza amazona Vou. JI. E. — aureola barbata brumalis capenfis cia Ciris cirlus citrinella flaveola hortulana I familiaris — hyemalis — leucocephala lu&tuofa ludoviciana = melanocephala tiliaria militaris nivalis — olivacea oryzivora paradifea — == i ete 11 eit Pie Site eile Sele _ No} wm CO | lel 396 593 617 650 625 659 664. 629 646 035 Oh 650 644 619 617 16 799 Ii 245 210 195 Zol gt 199 185 Igt 206 190 170 194 195 166 ib. 203 200 177 198 171 242 164. 195 188 178 NG Ee XG Emberiza pafferina —= page 196 pithyornus — — 203 principalis — — 181 pfittacea _— — 178 quelea _— — 192 regia — — 183 rutila —_— — 197 {cheniclus — — 173 ferena _ — 180 vidua — — 181 Engoulevent — — 593 acutipenne — -— 600 a lunettes — ib. de Cayenne — 599 dela Caroline — 592 gris — — ib. petit tacheté — 599 roux — — 597 Eperonnier _ — 673 Efclave — = — 226 ~ Etourneau _ — 2 a téte blanche — 4 blanc = — 3 & noir — — 4 de la Louifiane — 6 dela N. Efpagne — 11 des terres Magellan- iques — 7 du CapdeB.Efp. — ¢ gris — — & pie — 5 Evefque _ — 226, 534 FE. Faifan =— — 712 batard © — — 716 blanc . _— — ib. de la Chine — 719 cornu de Bengale — — 680 “couronné des Indes — 620 de la Guiane — 692,721 des Antilles — — 793 doré de la Chine — 717 huppé de Cayenne — 720 noir & blanc =_ — 719 5 M _Faifan Ty. Nae. a Faifan panaché = page 716 Figuier Aventre & tétejaunes page 494 varie = — ib. gris — — 478 verdatrede Cayenne — 682 jaune —= — a7 Fallow-fmich — — 465 aux ailes dorées — 492 Farloufe _ — 374 aux joues noires — 438 blanche — — 375 bleu — — 476, 487 Farlouzzane = — 376 blond du Senegal — 478 Fauvette — —-— —413 brun = — 482, 483 a gorge brune / = 440 du Senegal — 477 a poitrine jaune — 439 & jaune — — 513 a téte noire — 415, 416 olive _— — 495 babillarde — — 417 cendré — 485, 486, 487, 490 bleuatre — — 440 acollier — — 558 de bois — — 418 a gorge cendrée — 496 de Cayenne — — 439 a gorge noire — 492 de Haye — 419, 500 delaGuiane — 558 @hiver — — 419 couronné d’or — — 486 de rofeaux — — 430 de Bengale _ — 474 des Alpes — — 434 de Bourbon _ —- 475 grife _ — 428 de Canada = — 515 ambrée —_ — 437 dela Caroline — 613, 515 petite — — 414 dela Jamaique — ~— 48z rouffe — — 431 de Ja Louifiane — 483 tachetée — 436, 437 de la Martinique — 489 petite — 500 de I'Ifle de France — 470 verdatre —_— — 417 de Maryland -— — 438 Fer a cheval _ — 6 de Miflifipi — — 484 Ficedula varia —_ — 416 de Penfylvanie — 499 Fieldfare — — 2 de St. Domingue —— 479 American — — 26 des Sapins = — — 483 Carolina _ — ib. du Senegal — — 477 pied — — 25 etranger _ — 492 Fig-eater = = 433 grand = — — 3339 4815 497° Figuier a ceinture — — 487 graflet -— — 496 a cravatte noire — 484 gris de fer _ — 490 ademi-collier m= — 494 huppé — — 493 a gorge blanche — 479 noir —_ — ib. jaune — ~— 480 & jaune — — ib. noire == 484, 495 olive _ — ib. orangée — 481 _ orange —_— — 492 a poitrine rouge — 490 petit Alongue queue — sor a téte cendrée — — 481 de Madagafcar — 475 jaune — 484, 490 de St. Domingue — 480 dor _ |i protonotaire = — — 494 noire — — 491 tacheté — 481, 482, 515 rouge = — 479 du Senegal — 477 rouile — = 489 varié = — 488 Figuier Figuier vert & blanc & jaune Finch amaduvade Angola arctic autumnal azure-headed Bahama beautiful black and orange black-collared faced headed — blue blue-bellied crowned faced headed Bonana Brafilian brown throated Canary Cape capfa Ceylon Chinefe cinereous citril collared cowpen creeper crefcent crimfon-crowned headed Cuba dutky Euftatia fa{ciated ferruginous fire frizzled genus glofly gold American backed N D E Xv page ootetelet le Pe ee See Ses Sse 480 474 Finch, gold, green grafs green-rumped —= re — headed Lapland long-billed lulean lunar Mofambique mountain Worton orange painted Parrot pied, great leffer mountain purple red-breafted ma J long-tailed red-faced = red-headed rufous-chinned faffron-fronted — Savanna {carlet Senegal ferin {now Strafburgh ftriped-headed Surinam tree Tripoline variegated ultramarine white-breafted cheeked eared throated winter yellow Fire-bird Fift Fitert F laveole 5Mz — — — — — oy = Wis) oe & NI oO . N BS aS 2 tll telaiai Nv lon = . iS} Loy wn PP IGIe See Ielels tel Pit iT 450 195 avert = Flavert Flycatcher, active io N — hae) FS) lie) oO afh-coloured azure black and white black-capped fronted throated green grey, little headed Bourbon brown, little Canada Cape cat Cayenne chattering cinereous cinnamon citrine collared Coromandel crefted round blue ee dun dufky dwarf fan-tailed — flammeous fork-tailed — genus gold-crowned winged — = green -grey-necked Guava Indian Louifiane luteous Madagafcar Martinico — mutable — nz&vous clive-coloured erange-breafted Plesetsk ele De 2 eee 127 Flycatcher, orange-vented page 338 360 Paradife — — 345 332 petechial = — 360 339 petty = — — 354 338 Philippine — — 339 327 pied tae — 324 353 purple-throated — 365 331 red-bellied — — 343 484 eyed — > Sil 487 faced — ib. 490 throated — 490 339 vented — — 335 330 rufous — > 392 350 bellied = 363 354 vented — 334 326 Sandwich — — 344 353 Senegal — — 328 355 crefted — 329 350 {potted —_ — 323 ib. fpotted-winged — 345 354 freaked — — 360 462 ftriped rah hte) 330 fupercilious — 341 331 Surinam — — 361 357 Swallow-tailed — 350 362 tufted — — 334. 351 tyrant _ NS 7/ 344. undulated — 333 363 whifkered — — 364 340 white-tailed —— 331 338 wreathed — — 330 355 yellow-bellied 7) 5)by) 321 breafted — 336 486 crowned — 358 492 fronted — 342 336 headed — ib. 337 necked — 337 335 rumped — 354 334 fpotted — 332 353 tailed nn 4-27, 34.2 throated — 340 333 vented —— 335 352 Fondis _— — 119 347 jala a ame 343 lahé mene — BES 351 Fouille-merde —_ Oy 361 Founingo = — 640 Fourmilier 1ge) Nh a oreilles blanches huppé roi des tacheté — Fowl, Perfian Francolin Fourmilier page de I’Ifle de France Fringilla alario amandava angolenfis autumnalis Benghalus — bicolor butyracea czlebs czrulea, calcarata canaria cannabina carduelis citrinella — crifpa cyanocephala domeftica — erythropthalma flammea — flaveola flaviroftris — granatina Jamaica lapponica —— lepida linaria — lulenfis ———— maia maripofa melba montana — montifringilla nivalis noctis petronia Senegala ferinus antl | &C. — —_ — — ee ee biitretoitty | dy] Diy Ey UX: 87 Fringilla fublutea, &c. page 163 527 Surinama — — 276 83 Sylvia — — 257 89 torquata — — 320 527 tricolor = — — 318 705 triftrs _ — 288 759 viridis, &c. — — 233 701 Zena — — 276 315 Fringillago — — 536 312 Friquet — —— 252 310 huppé — 253 298 10 ae : G. 299 257 Galinote _ — 59 319 Galfat — 20% 263 Gallina vertice tuberofo — 707 293 Gallinaceous Order — — 668 304. Gallus indicus — — 695 281 Game, black _ — 733 297 red —_— — 746 280 white — — 741 319 Ganga — — 748 248 Gavoué _ — 175 199 Gelinote _— — 744 259 blanche — — 741 298 d’Ametique — — 740 260 @Ecoffe — — 746 316 de la Baye d’Hudfon — 735 269 de Pyrenées — — 748 263 des Indes —— —— 9/5 % 299 de Canada — — 735 305 grofle, 737, 287 du Senegal — — 749 315 huppée — — 746 206 de Penfylvanie 738 286 Gha-toitoi =_ — 7i 252 Giarola — _ — 373 261 Girole — _— — ib. 264. Goaivier —. — — 335 267 Goatfucker \- — 589 254 American — 590, 600 312 Brafilian — — 598 296 Carolina — — 592 277 European — — 593 289 genus _ 589 Goatfucker, oN oD Box, ‘Goatfucker, gold-collared page 601 Gohe-mouche huppé de Virginie p. 959 grey — 592 - duBrefil — 347 grand ~ — 590 Cap de B. Efp. Guiana — — 598 346 Jamaica — — 59 Senegal 329 nocturnal —= — 593 noir =~ — 325 rufous — _ = 597 a collier 325, 326, fharp-tailed —= — 600 330 Virginian — — 595 : de Lucon — 338 white-collared — — 5a9 noiratre —- — 353 necked — 1b. olive — 352, 360 throated — 5096 petit tachete — 363 ‘Gobe-mouche — — 323° pie = — 328 a bandeau blanc — 328 FOUGE a2 329 huppé — 362 a gorge brune — 320 roux — — 363 jaune — 340 A poitrine orangée roufle — 330 361 alongue queue 73, 348 tacheté — 358, 360 blanche verdatre dela Chine 336 343 Goube-moucheron — 363, 364 & ventre Goldfinch _—— — 251 blane 347 American — — 238 varlé 347 bird a-kin to — — 285 a poitrine noire 329 Canary — — ib. rouffe 428 green — — 286 a téte bleuatre — 339 _ {wallow .— — 283 bleue — 502 Golo-beoo — — 34 noire — 72 Gonambouch = — 211 a ventre blanc — 327 Gorcock _— — 746 jaune — 359 Gorge-bleue — — 444 blanc huppé — 345 nue — 759 bleu — — 339 GouradelaN.Guintée — — 620 bran 350, 353, 360, 361 Gowry bird — — 144 eendré — 350, 354 Graa-irrith . _ — 260 d’ Amerique — 427 Grafs-bird =— — 273 de Cayenne 355, 359 Graffet —= — 496 de la Caroline — 351 Grafs-muche _ — 431 -Jamaique — ib. Greenfinch == — 134 de l’Iifle de Bourbon 334 Indian = — 299 France 333 red-headed — 233 de Pondichéry — 331 Grenadier — — 316 du Cap de B. Efp. 327 Grifalbin ——s melt grand noir — 365 Grifato = — 419 cendré — 332 Grifette — = 3925 428 huppé — — 352 Grifin — — 473 de Bourbon 330 Grifola = —= 323 7 H Gris I Gris olive —_ — Grive — — baffeterre de Barbarie cendrée —_ de Canada — Cayenne — la Caroline — Chine — Guiane — Vigne — groffe petite des Philippines —_ —= Grivelette Grivelin — Acravate — Grivette Grofbeak Abyfinian — African — Angola — Afiatic —- Bengal black breafted bellied crefted headed blue — fhouldered Brafilian — brimftone — brown — cheeked headed Canada — Cape Cardinal Caucafian Chinefe cinereous — crefted — cowry Dominican crefted dufky — dwarf — ii ti al Ng Dy) Eo Xe page 2 I IAA 36 18 23 Grofbeak, fan-tailed — page 128 fafciated —= Bis 156 Gambia — — 149 genus —_ — 104 gold-backed — 115 green _ — 134 Grenadier — 120 grey — — 134, 269 necked —_ 145 Hamburg — — 149 Java —_— — 129 Indian — 119 lineated _ — 149 long-tailed — — 114 Madagafcar — — 119 Malabar _ — 154 Malacca _ — 140. marigold — — 139 Mexican — — 121 minute — — 158 Molucca — 141 northern — 147 nun — — 133: Orange — — 146 bellied _ — 157 paradife —— — 122 parrot-billed — — 108 pearled — — 156 penfile — 131 Philippine — — 129: pine Ge PORE ao mae purple _ — 117 radiated — — 156 red = — 118 billed — —— 151 breafted — — 126 rumped — — 15 St. Domingo — 17 {potted —. = las ftriated — — 142 thick-billed — — 148 three-toed | — —= 159) warbling -—- — 157 waxbill —— — ug2 white- billed 146 headed — — G1 Grofbeak. dh AND +s Grolbeak,white-rumped page 153 Grous, Ptarmigan — — pape 74t tailed — — 154 red — eee 746 throated —- — 1i5 ruffed — — 738 winged —— 144 fhoulder-knot = — 737 yellow — — 139 {potted — — 735 f bellied — 125,138 Wihtite Wwe 73 : fronted —- 136 wood — — 728 headed —- — 140 fand — — 751 rumped — — ib. Grus Pfophia — — 793 Grofbec _— — 109 Guan — — 680 4 poitrine couleurde feu 185 Guiffo-balito — — 159 bleu — 115, 117 Guinea hen — — 685 cendré = — — 129 white-breafted — 637 d@’Abyfinie — — 131! Guira beraba _— — 505 d’Angola — — 134 guaca beraba — — ib. de Bourbon — — 142 jenoia — —~ 225 Canada — — i111 panga — — 98, 99 Cayenne ——— 121, 127 perea ~ — 244 Coromandel — 113 querea — — 591, 601 Gambia — — 149 Guiranheemgatu _ 197, 239 Java — — 140 Guirnegat _ — 197 la Chine ~~ 141, 145 Guranthé-engera — — 239 la Louifiane —— 126 Guraundi _— — ib. Virginie — 118, 134 Gyntel — = 308 des Indes — 119, 133 Moluques — — i141 i H. Philippines — 129 du Brefil — — 122, 123 Haban-kukella — — 759 du Cap de Bonne Etp. 137 Habefch _ — — 301 du Mexique — —=- 121 Habit-uni _ — 500 gris perle — — 156 Haleur _— — 600 jaune _ — 138 Hambouvreux _ = 12g) noir — — 114 Hamburg tree creeper — ib. nonette — — 133 Hannaquaw Gina — 722 tacheté — 114, 142 Hang-neft American — — 497 Grous, birch — — 735 Haufe-col noir — — 385 black — — 733 Haufroth fchweife — — 423 genus -— — 728 Hawfinch _ — 109 hazel —— — 744 Hawk dorr = — 593 heteroclite — — 752 night _ — ib. Indian _ — ib. Hay bird — — 314 long-tailed — — 732 Hazel hon Sait — 744 Namaqua — — 750 Americanifche — 785 Nemefian — — 735 Heathcock, rufied — — 738 pheafant = — 732 f {potted — — 735 pinnated — — 740 Hen, Friefland — = FOU pin-tailed — — 748 Mozambick — — 708 Hen, Peruvian red wood i Nei | Bi X& — page 693 — 757 Hirondelle 4 ceinture blanche — 567 on Vou, II. a croupion roux & queue carrée — 582 a cul blanc — 564 a queue pointue — 583 a téte rouffe — 566 a ventre blanc — 577 roux — 566 tacheté — 577 acutipenne — 584 ambrée ——= — 568 au capuchon roux — 566 blanche — — 563 bleu dela Lonifiane 574. brune 4 collier —— 577 acutipenne — 583 & blanche a ceinture brune — 7G) d’Amerique — 573, 576 d’ Antigue — 565 de Bourbon .— 581, 582 de Cayenne — 5x4 a bande blanche ‘ 567 de cheminée — 561 de fenétre — 564 de laBaye d’Hudfon 575 de la Caroline — 533 de Rivage — 568, 5738 de St. Domingue — 573 des bles — — 581 domeftique — 561 du Peron — — 573 Senegal — — 567 grande aventre roux _ib. x brune a ventre ta- cheté — 581 de Perou — 573 grife des rochers — ib, noire acutipenne — 584 petite = — 564 petite noire a croupion gris 582 a ventre cendré 573 Hirundo agreftis — page 564 alpina _ — 586 apus — — 484 daurica — — $70 domeftica — — 561 efculenta — — 578 melba _ — 586 pelafgia — — 583 urpurea — 575 riparia ——- 508 rupeftris — — 569 ruftica —— 56% Senegalenfis —— 567 fubis = 575. tapera 572 urbica 554 Hoamy — — 36 Hoazin —_— — 729 Hoaétzin — ib. Hocco de Curaflow == — 695 dela Guiane — 690, 692 de Peron —— — 693 du Breil — — 69: du Mexique — 696 Hoilotl — —— 633, 634 Hoitlallotl —_ — 723 Hoopo hen —= — 518 Ho-ouy — — 779 Hortulane ~ — 166 Hortulanus — _ 168, 169 Houbara — — 805 Houppette — — 221 Hung-tzoy — — 129 Huppe noire = — 150 I. Jacapu = — 366 Jacarini _ — 238 Jacobin _ — 140, 610 Jacupema — 680 Jafeur de Boheme — — gl de la Caroline — 93 Jaunoir — 5a Ibijau — — 59° Junco —— — 32 K, Kata Kata Katraca Kinki-manou Kitiwiah Knor-cock Kogoo arotire Korhaan Lagopéde Be Nie Be oe — all L, de la Baye d’Hudfon Lagopus, African Eanius garrulus Lap-tzoy Lark, ‘cinereous macrourus — African black calandre Cape — crefted lefler —— — iE Ieee} dufky field leffer genus Gingi grafshopper Italian long-legged Louifiane Malabar marfh meadow Mongolian mutable New Zealand — Penfylvania pipit Portugal red rufous & oO co ve eae pe — 748 721 332 802 Lark, rufous-backed — page 371 fea =~ — 164 Senegal _ — 392 fhore _ — 385 tky — — 3638 teltaceous = — — 393. tit — — 37 undated _— _— aor white — — 369 winged — — 383: wood — — 371 Lavandiere — — 395 Layong-layong — —— 581 Lerche brach —_ — 378 heide — — 389 pice rare 429 {chnee — — 385 weifle — — 369. Linaria nigra —_ — 259 Linnet —— — 302 Angola — —— 309 blue — — 205 common —_ — 302 dufky ee — 310 mountain — 307 red-headed,.greater —— 304 leffer —— 305: Linotte a. longue queue — 178 brune 310 de Strafbourg — 308 de Surinam — 276 faufle — — 408 grande des vignes — 304. ; petite de D° — 305 Litorne | Bi a téte blanche — 25 de Canada — — 26 deCayenne ———=- _— 29 tachetee — a Be Lodola cappelluta —— 389 Lohong -_—_— — 801 Loxia aftrild — 152 atra —— _ 113, 147 Bengalenfis 145193 bicolor >) GF butyracea —_ 136 caerulea 116 TLoxia cana _ molucca Luen curviroftris I —S— ‘Canadenfis Capenfis cardinalis chloris coccothrautftes colius collaria criftata sy ta aes ess cyanea Dominica —— enucleator erythrocephala grofla flavicans fufca hordeacea —— lineola longicauda —— Ludoviciana Madagafcarienfis maia Malabarica —— Malacca melanocephala Mexicana minima — minuta ——_s ——= Fer ath | : nigra orix oryzivora panicivora Philippina pun¢tularia pytrhula rubicilla fanguiroftris ferinus Sibirica ftriata fulphurata tcrrida violacea virens adel 154 127 113 118 134 109 100 133 125 106 1 3e7/ 123 11I 122 115 139 147 140° 149 184. 126 119 151 154 141 149 140 158 ib. 141 147 120 129 144 129 142 143 112 151 2096 124 142 1377 146 117 151 710 Lulu — page 391 Luteola nigra — — 259 M. Macucagua = — 724 Magnaninz confimilis — 430 Magoua — =—— 724 Maia -_— — Bits Maian _ — 151 Maize-bird — — 529 thief = — 189 Maizi = —— 529 Malkala-kourla — — 336 Mams oS — 777 Manacus fuperbus — 520 Manakin = — 521 a collier — — 529 front blanc — 521 gorge blanche — 524 téete blanche — 523 d’or — 522 noire — ib. rouge — ib. black and yellow — 525 ‘capped — 521 crowned — 532 throated — 533 blue-backed — 520 cendré — — 532 cinereous — collared — — oe crefted ———— F195 crimfon vented — 533: du Brefil — — 521 genus — — 517 grand — — 520 EN S)/ 9 ay SASS, gris huppé — 530 gold-headed — 522 little — — 526 noir huppé — — 520 orangé — 525 orange—bellied — 533 Papuan — —s os — 532 Perpvian — 519 5 N2 Manakin, Ni Dy Be, NED. Be ox, Manakin, purple —— page 528 Meleagris gallopavo page 676, 679 breafted — 94 fatyra = — 680 red and black —— 525 Merla —_— SAS rock — — 518 Merle = fermi ice IO rouge — — 525 a collier =— , 46, 62 huppé —=- — 529 & cravate =— — 79 roux huppé — — ib. agorge noire —— — 65 {potted —_— 527 a cul jaune —- — 7! ftriped-headed — 526 plaftron blanc — 46 tuneful — — 534 tete blanche — — 44 white-capped =—— 522 noire Se eared —— = -— 527 a ventre orangé — 63 faced — 530 blanc —_— — 44 fronted — 521 bleu = 51,57 headed —— 524 brun — 45, 64, 68, 70, 78 throated — ib. cendré — 33, 64, 67 yellow — — 529 cuivre d’Afrique — 57 Manikor ——_—. — 532 couleur de role — — 50 Manikup — — 531 d’Amboine — — 73 Marail ee — 682 @Amerique — — 45 Maraye — — ib. de Bengale — ~— 35 Maria capra — — 451 de Bourbon — — 73 Maripofa — — 208 d’eau — oA Marrodee —— — 684 dela Chine -——= — 61 Martin —_ —— 564 Jamaique — — 45 black — — 584 Madagatcar — 65 brame — — 30 Mindanao — — 69 great American — 575 St. Domingue — 42 purple — — ib. Surinam ee fand — 568 des Colombiers — — 64. vieillard —- —— 30 Indes == Send: Martinet od 564, 584. Dominiquain —= 58,59 a collier — — 587 doré _ WG de la Caroline — 575 du Cap de B. Efp. — 55, 6 de &. Domirgue — 572. Senegal — me grand — — 584 gris —— a 07. aventre blanc — 586 huppé a 38, 72 delaChine — ib. jaune ; =) 63 noir aventre blanc 573 olivatre de Barbarie BR. noir & blanc — ib. olive 66, 75 petit — —-564 petit = — 59, 60 noir —= ooh roux — — 80 Martlet — — 564 folitaire == | 5b 52, 53 Mavis — 18 varié = ai Gee Mauvis — — 22 verd a 56, 57, 69° de la Caroline —— 20 violet ie! camel Meleagris crifata oo = 680 aventreblanc —: 58 ty Ne Be Be Merula rofea faxatilis Merulz congener Mefange 4 ceinture blanche croupion jaune gorge noire Jongue queue téte noire amourenfe barbue bleue cendrée d’Amerique de Malabar de Marais de Pologne de Virginie du Cap de B. Efp. Languedoc grife a gorge noire de la Caroline — page — 540, ——= pia stole tle lela ele | groffe huppée — 510, 544, Miniftre a Mirro-mirro Mitilene Mitu Mituporanga Mocking-bird Indian lefler Moineau 4 bec rouge a tére rouffe blanc de Bengale bois Bologne ——— -—_ l era bik petit. de Canada _— Cayenne — 238, 2532 de datte d’Ef{clavonie de Java Juida la Jamaique. Vile de France Macao = 50 54 46 556 546 54t 550 542 546 552 543 428 483 555 541 547 546 552 Moineau_de Madagafcar — page 11g montagne 252 Penfylvanie —- — 272 du Brefil — — 267 Cap de B. Efp. — 266 Mexique — — 140 Senegal — 153, 193 fon eee 25S franc — 248 jaune — 251 petit du Cap d de B. EP: 315 Moloxita 77 Montain grand — 263 Montvoyau ——= — 598 Moor-cock — 705 titling ——_- —s- — 438 Mogneur ey Francois — — 39 grand =_ — 40 varié ——_—. — 40 Mordoré — 210, 224 Moretto — 423 Motacilla acredula — — 513 cenanthe- — 467, 468 alba — 395; atricapilla — — 415 aurocapilla. —— 21 aurorea — == 460 boarula = — 398 czrulea — — 490 caffra = — 426 calendula. —— ir calidris — — 497 Calliope ——— 463: campeftris —- -— 500 Canadenfis — 487. Capenfis — — 402 caprata = AG Cayana = — 502 chryfoptera. — — 1gz cinnamomea — 4al citreola. — — 401 coronata foes 486 curruca. — — 417; cyanea ——— — 501 cyanura — — 459 Dominica — — 485. Motacilla, Motacilla dumetorum Motmot Motteux Moucherolle a huppe vertre Pe NG oOD? Ea ox erithacus = ~ erythrogaftra familiaris ficedula flava fulicata Guira hippolais Hifpanica i€terocephala leucomela lufcinia maderafpatana maura modularis montanella Penfylvanica petechia Phenicurus plefchanka regulus rubecula rubetra rubicola falicaria fchenobanus Senevalenfis fialis fibilla flapazina Suecica futoria fylvia tiphia trochilus troglodytes varia velia Yvica — — — —_ — — | tutti} — | aes riibroritilidi — | pede | BER ny brun verdatre du Senegal grand A queue fourchue — ———9 Tee 424 ky 482 400 45, 55) Pe) 512 Mouchet Mofcicapa atricapilla Molicien Mutu Nachtigalle Napaul Negral Negretto Nelicourvi Night Hawk Jarr Nightingale des Philippines hauppé — — —— blue and afh-coloured Canadenfis Capenfis Carolinenfis Cayanenfis crinita flammea grifola Martinica melanoleuca mutata -—— Olivacea - Paradifi petechia Senegalenfis ftriata Surinama torquata tyrannus Variegata virens — — —« — — oo eee od — — os ee N. aS ean jose American — greater Indian mock {mall Spanifh Virginia water — — ~ — page 447 Moucherolle de Virginie — page 353 339 Tacs: 419 324 485 354 327 392 359 357 AY 680 309 238 131 593 ib. 408 497 4Ul 332 416 418 497 118 Maree Nightingale, Nightingale, white —= Noir aurore petit fouci Nonette cendrée Nonpareil Nope Numida criftata meleagris mitrata O. Oc-kifl-cow Ococolin Oenas Oenanthe — fufco-lutea minor Oifeau cendré de Guiane de ris trompette Olivarez Olive Olive-bird Olivette Onglet Oo-mamiao-pooa-hou Oranbleu Oranvert Orchef Order the Third Fourth Fifth Organifte Oriole, yellow-fhouldered Ortolan ee a queue blanche a.ventre jaune blanc de la Caroline Chine Lorraine de Ja Louifiane de neige 4 collier noir _ tacheté — Np oD Ey page 412 Vili) ia eee! I NI NI oH Piglet lI 427 139 541 208 143 688 685 688 .Outre-mer Ortolan de paffage ris rofeaux — du Cap de B. Efp. jaune _ noir Oftrich, flying Otis Arabs atra Indica tarda tetrax Ouette Ouravong Outarde d’Arabie moyenne des Indes petite . d’ Afrique — — — — — — — — — — — Ouzel ring rofe-coloured water Owl, churn fern mountain {creech wood {mall Ox-eye Pacapac' Padda Palikour Palmifte a téte noire Paon _—- blanc de la Chine — du Japon du Tibet panache _ petit de-Malacca — — page Peer er eller lel letatstalal SIT late Te IN Pape de Magellan Paradife, pied bird of Sparrow of Parement bleu Paroare Parraqua Partridge, American . Barbary bare-necked ‘birch brown African Cape Ceylon common Damafcus drumming Francolin genus Gingi Guiana great Greek green Guernfey hackled Java Maryland Mexican mountain Namaqua New England pearled pintado Pondicherry Ss 1%3 — — — — ra ay — — — — — PIA IACI lee teitElSiele etal 11 | ~ nh — 6 rufous-breafted Senegal fpruce Virginia white willow wood Parus Americanus ater atricapillus Pel lelelel lllele islet ttl ls| D E Xe 235 Parus biarmicus s eae Page 552 345 bicolor — — 544. 122 Caudatus rs — 550 209 czruleus _— — 543 124 cela as — 546 722 criltatus — — 545 777 cyanus — — 533 770 grifeus = —l539 759 Hudfonicus —_ — 557 742 ignotus — — 537 759 indicus — — 5338 756 major — — 530 758 paluftris _ — 541 762 pendulinus — — 547 764. peregrinus — — 539 739 Virginianus _ — 546 759 Paffe-blea — — 234 755 bufe — — 419 773 +Paffer Africanus — — 279 776 albus = — 250 724. Americanus — — 231 767 Canarienfis — — 293 777 é violac. nigric. ——- 239 768 flavus —_ — 255 766 maculatus — — 255 775 montanus — — 252 778 ftultus - — 255 775 folitarius = — 52 765 torquatus _ — 254 751 Paffera folitaria —~ — 52 778 Pafferine —————— — 428 772 order — — | 761 Pafferinette _ — 414 774 Paffe-vert — — 231 767 a téte bleue — — 232 768 Pavo bicalcaratus _ — 673 770 criftatus — — 668 771 Japonenfis — — 672 757 muticus — — ib. 736 tibetanus _ — 675 777 ~‘Pauxi — — 696 743 Peacock, crefted — — 668 ib. genus — — ib. 736 Japan — — 672 558 iris _ — 673 540 pheafant =_ — ib. 542 Thibet — 7/5 Peacock,_ i Peacock, variegated _ white — Peche-ke-ke-fhifh — Pee-pe-chue = Peintade _ a poitrine blanche Pendulus _ Perdix Greca oc montana ae ruffa —_ Perdrix d’ Afrique — Damafcena == d’Amerique de Damas — Gingi — la Chine —_— Gambia — Guiane — N. Angleterre de montagne Pondichéry roche du Senegal grife blanche petite groffe —_ perleé de la Chine pintadée rouge de Barbarie — de Madagafcar Pere noir Peter Ronfmad Pettichaps leffer Phafianus argus colchicus crifpus criftatus ecaudatus gallus lanatus morio motmot nyCthemerus pictus pufillus Vou. Il. Z 3 FTE n= » “NIOON NM . Heene NI fon) wi ° RT ae re | A 7 else ale alee eleletelets| Dp: 671 Pheafant, argus _ black and white Cane China common courier crefted genus horned Hybridal motmot napaul painted parraka peacock of Guiana pencilled variegated white Piauhau Picicitli Pie, crefted, long-tailed de Papoe Pierre de Cayenne Pigeon a gorge frifeé a queue annelée — aromatic bald-pate Barbary batteur bifet black-fpotted blanc mang, de mufc. blue Cape Carrier Carolina cavalier clapper cravate crefied cropper cuiraflé — cuivre mang. de mufc culbutant de Barbarie £0 ™ i) ire) is) \| 3 1 fe ¢ am COLO WR WK is) NN Oe HDAONM CW HN NN NN ONIN ONIN GQ QM EES | siete eisai! et | eee It —— 609 Pigeon BN eb Eye Pigeon de ia Jamaique page 619 Pigeon, patu = page 609 montagne — — 634 Perfan — — 612 Nincombar — 642 pompadour — — 624 Norwege — bog powter — — 613 paflage — — 661 purple — — 628 roche dela Jamaique 616 crowned — 626 des Indes — — 617 ____ breafted — 628 domeftique — — 605 ramier — — 635 du Mexique — — 633 bleu de Madagafe. 640 ferruginous-vented — ib. d’Amboine — 625 finnikin — —— 614 de Cayenne — 643 frill-back — — 610 des Moluques — 636 frifé _— — ib. verd de Madagaf- garnet-winged —— 62 car — — 641 genus — — 602 red-crowned — — 628 grand gofier — 613 ring — ——— 635 great crowned — — 620 tailed — — 639 greater tame — — 608 rock — — 608 green-winged — 62 Roman — - abe grey-headed — — 623 rough-footed — — 609 groffe gorge — — 613 roux de Cayenne 615, 618 hackled — — 641 roff — ="6iro helmet — — 612 St. Thomas — 631 Hollandois — — 641 fauvage = — 604 hook-billed — — 632 d’Amerique — 661 horfeman — — 614 du Mexique — 633 hupé — — 609 fcallop-necked — 643 jacobineé — — 610 fhaker — Git jamboo — — 627 {miter — — 614 laced im. — — 610 {pot — — 615 leffer crowned — 622 fpotted green — — 642 Mahomet — == 609 flock — — 604 Madagafcar — — 640 tetraoid — ONG Martinico — 618 triangular-fpotted — 639 meflager — — 513 tumbler — — 612 Mexican — — 633 turbit —_— — 611 migratory) — — 661 Turk — — 612 New Zealand — 640 turner _ — 614 Nicobar — — 642 verd a téte grife — 623 nonain —_ — 610 d’Amboine — 631 Norway _ — 609 de St. Thomas — 631 nutmeg — — 636, 638 des Philippines — 629 owl ie — 611 fem. de Lugon — 630 paon — — ib. male de D° — 629 parrot —— — 628 violet a téte rouge — 628 partridge — — 615 de la Martinique 618 paflenger = — 661 white-bellied — 619 1 | pigeon, white-crowned — page rumped fhouldered winged yellow-faced — Pingon - a ailes & queue noires a collier a double collier long bec téte noire & blanche blanc brun cendré des Indes d’ Ardennes Li —= — iS ele tel — _ a téte blache de Bahama la €aroline Chine Jamaique montagne neige St. Euftache du Cap de Bonne Efp, du Senegal frifé huppé jaune & rouge noir aux joues rouges rouge petit varié Pintado, crefted — genus Guinea mitred white-breafted Pipit a coiffe blanc bleu varié verd = Pipra albifrons aureola criftata erythrocephala gutturalis leucocilla —— leacocephala — ae — ele te — — — — lee elete te — [| wm Ww lets — —_— Pale! — Dy) OE ss 616 Pipra manacus _ page 605 minuta —_— —— 634 pareola — — 617 rubetra = —_ 624 rupicola — — AGT) ferena — — 258 Pitchou = = 280 Pivotte — _ — ib, Plaftron noir _ — 277 Plover, Nor‘olk — — 276 Plumet blanc — — 2 Pluvier grand —_— = ae : ide Bengale = 154 Podobé _— _— 251 Poll, yellow — —_ 252 Polyglott bird —_ _— 276 Pompadour — = 199 Pouillote —— <2 le 277 Poul —_— — 58, 259 Poule a duvet — — 263 d’ Ifthme de Darien — 264 Preneur des mouches rouge — 279 +Proyer _ — 171, 113 Pfittacuscriftatus ruber _ 277 Pfophiacrepitans — _— 280 Ptarmigan — — _ 259 Pullet, blackamoor -— _ 279 Puputhee oo _ 1 Pufhee — — _— ae Putillas — a = 688 685 Q ib. 688 Quadricolor _— —_ 657 Quail — — — 504 Andalufian — —_ 593 black-necked — _ 504. Chinefe _ — 505 Coromandel — — 530 cretted — — 525 Gibraltar — — 528 grey-throated ————- — 521 Indian -— = 524. Louifiane — _— 522 Luzonian — — 524 Madagafcar — _ 5 O02 LN aD) ES exe Quail, Malouine Manilla Mexican New Guinea noily iat. eke Quan Quatoztli Quauhtzonecolin Quereiva Queue en eventail Quira-panga Quirizai Quy-lum-long-fa — ell slates ielele! Rain-bird Ramiret Recolle& Red-bird — fummer AR iS} Sw . Ke} “N » | iS} 2 Redbreaft Redpole, greater lefler yellow Redftart American {mall greater grey Red-tai] — black Guiana Redwing Reed-fparrow, greater — leffer Reculus, not crefled — Aeligieufe d’Abyflinie — Remiz Reveille-matin Rhaad Rice-bird Rika — Rohrvogel Roi des fourmiliers Roitelet ps mefange — i een — | w ie) — — 506, 507, — “I — 786 U2) 786 Roitelet rubis — page 511 Rollier du Mexique —= — 775 Rofe-gorge _— — 126 Roffignol — 408 de muraille 421 a poitrine tachetée Hu 423 cendré = — 422 de Gibraltar 423 Roth-fchwentzlein 4235 425 Roucheroile _ — 32 Rouge-cap — — 228 gorge aS ae DSK de Bologne , — 444 noir —_— |: — 121 queue _ —- 425 a collier — ib. de la Guiane — 426 Rouloul de Malacca — — 622 Rouffeline _— — 377 Rouferolle — — 32 Rouffette _ — 418 Rouverdin —_ _ — 233 Rubicilla Americana — — 123 Rabetra — — 529 Rubin — - — 362 Ruby-throat — — 463 Ruddock — 442 Rumkin — 705 Ss Saf-faf _ — 806 Salangane — — 578 Salicaria —— — 430 Safhaun-pafhu _— — 576 Savana —_— => 398 Savanna-bird _ — 270 Saui-jala <3 7S Scarlat ——> 217 Schaap-wagter — ADK Schet —_ — 348 all — — ib. vouloulon —— — 348 Sedge-bird — — 430 Senegali rayé _ — 152 Senegali Da Nie Dil EWS: xX, Senegali rouge = page Septicolor — — Serin _ —- d’italie — de la Jamaique Mozambique —= Surinam = des Canaries ——= Serino affinis os Serinus _ Sheld-apple - Shirley —— Shore-bird = Shrite — Silk-tail — Simon, petit —— Sirli a Sifkin — Chinefe — Mexican — / black Sizerin — Slowick-wick{zy —= Snow- bird —_ Souci = 5 Soui — Soulciet = Sparrow, Bahama = — Bengal _— bird a-kin to — black —_ Brafilian — Cape _ capfa — Chinefe — I4I, TORII Ra AAA! Iie] [ll ble I — N . — 12] Dalmatic — — _foolifh —_ _ frizzled = — — green — — houfe _ — little —_ — brown — long-tailed — 178, mountain = = paradife — — red — -- ting _= —_ 312 236 296 297 279 296 528 293 270 296 106 242 568 16 gli 475 389 289 293 292 ib. 305 411 166 S11 727 265 300 1533 191 251 151 315 265 142 256 255 280 288 248 272 420 181 252 122 371 254 Sparrow, rumplefs — page 216 fearlet — — 217 fhort-tailed — 256, 267 folitary —— — si fpeckled — — 255 tree — — 252 white — — 250 breafted — 140 tailed — — 256 throated — 272 yellow — — 251 headed — 133 Spicifere — — 672 Spipolette — — 378 Spipola = 3745 444 Sprofs-vogel = — 4II Stapazino — — 468 Stare (or Starling) — ig ea black and white — 4,5 brown — — iit headed ibe Cape = — ¢ Ceylonefe — ==) AiR cockfcomb — — 9 collared —_ Hy) 8 contra soe — 5 crefcent —_ tn G genus — ere green — TG grey a hint Louifiane — ne Magellanic — — 7 Mexican —_— — 412 pied —_— — 4 rufh —_ al Sg filk — —— TG wattled — — 9 white “= — 3 Stone-chat — — 448 Stoparola ——_ 323, 428 Stoparole confimilis — 430 Storno — “4 A Stourne — — Strapazino — — 469 Sturnus albus — — 3 Capenfis — — +5 capite albo —= — 4 (dp) tarnus l Z we} tt a Sturnus cinclus — page 48 cinereus — oe collaris == pair : T. contra — — 5s Lodovicianus —= — 6 Tailor-bird = — S15 militaris — — 7 Tanager,Amboina — — 244 rofeus — — 50 bifhop — — 226 vulgaris — peer} _ black — — 201 Swallow, aculeated — — 583 and blue — 230 ambergris — — 568 ~ crowned — 223 American — — 533 faced — — 222 afh-bellied — 573 headed — 224 black — — 572 throated — 237 Brafilian — — 576 blue —_— — 234 brown-collared OTE Brafilian — — 215 Canada — = 575 cerulean — — 245 Cape pans — 566 Chinefe — — 229 chalybeate — — 574 crefted — — 221 chimney — — 561 furrow-clawed — 224 Chinefe — — 573 genus — — 213 common — — 561 golden =_ — 239 crag — — 570 grand — — 220 Daurian — — ib. green — — 229 efculent — — 573 headed — 234 genus == — 560 grey — — 236 grey-ramped — 582 headed — — 231 Louifiane — 583 hooded — 223 Otaheite — — 562 Guiana — 226 Panayan — — 565 Jacarini — — 238 Peruvian — Ca 715) Meveen — — 219 urple — — 57 military — — 242 Paneaied -~ — an Mifiifipi — — 218 rock = — 569 neoro. ———~ — 240 rufous-bellied — 566 olive — — 218 headed — 571 paradife — — 236 St. Domingo — 573 red _ — 217 Senegal — oe oor breafted — — 214 violet = — 574 headed 228, 233 wheat — — 581 rufous-headed — 231 white _— — 563 throated — 241 bellied — — 567 St. Domingo — 226 collared — 587 Sayacu ——- 227 winged — 577 {potted — 228 Swift — — 584, 586 4 fummer -~ — 220 Chinefe — — 586 turquoife — — 225 white-bellied — — ib. variable = — — 234 Swine-pipe — — 22 variegated — — 219 5 Tanager Tanager, violet Tanagra Tanaombé Tangara Eo ] ‘3 09 o a white-billed headed yellow albiroftris atrata Brafilia Brafilienfis Cayana chlorotica — criftata cyanea Dominica epif{copus gularis gyrola jacarina — melanictera Mexicana militaris jacapa puntata rubra Gall — — J N “s . = violacea virens Pomme etn A coiffe noire a cravate noire a gorge noire a téte blanche rouffe bleu 225, 230, 231, 2 de Ja Caroline brun —_—_ cendré de Cayenne de St. Domingue des grands bois diable enrheumé du Mifliffipi du Brefil grand jaune EI A Ta ths Aa 1. OR 240 222 Tangara jaune 4 tete noire page 224 241 nepreé ———= — 243 noir — 225, 238, 244 & jaune — 239, 241 huppeé — — ib. olive = _ 215 roux — — 225 fecond kind of — 231 tachete —_ — 227, 240 varie — — 221 a téte blanc — 206 verte _ 226 verd — 229, 2315 ib. piquete — — 228 Tangare alia fpecies — = 233 Tangaroux —_ = 238 Tangavio _ == 223 Tapera _— —_ = 230 Tarier _— == 242 Tarin = 214 de la N. York —— 228 noir = ——— _ 217 Tarrainde la Chine — _ 227 Tche-cou —_—— _— 236 Tettec = 239 «6Tecu-mafhifh —= _ 229 ©6Teité — 239; 68 Teoauhtototl —— _ 236 Terat-boulan _— = 223 Terfine — — 222 'Tffacourbé —_—_ — 237 Tetema — = 243 Tetrao alchata —— — 231 arenaria — _ 245 betulinus = — = 205 bicalcaratus — —_ 228 Bonafia — — 223 Canace — — Z40 Chinenfis — 772, 226 coturnix — _— 220 criftatus —_— — 230 cupido — 218 Francolinus — _ 239 Hybridus ——= =_ 220 Ifraclitorum — a 244 lagopus — — Tetrao IN Tetrao Marilandas — pa Mexicanus — nemefianus — Orientalis — paradoxa — og oO Plelettel perdix _ phafianellus — rufus — — 767, Senegalus — tetrix _— togatus — Virginianus — umbellus — urogalus _ Tetras — Tette-chevre —— de Cayenne de Virginie de la Jamaique du Brefil Therefe jaune — Thiftle-finch — ‘Thomas Gierdet — Throftle — Thruth, Abyfinian — African — alarm — Amboina — ant — Aoonalafhka — afh-coloured rumped — Barbary — barred-tail — bay — black-breafted cheeked chinned faced — headed necked throated winged blue — tailed — Bourbon — TSP sleet tae ieltet i eie T tter iet DE 778 Thrufh, 785 735 759 753 762 732 768 749 733 737 Xx. brown — page 28 brunet — — 7G buff-winged — 31 Cape —— — 72 Cayenne — — 29 Ceylon — — 62 chanting — — 61 chiming — — 83 Chinefe — — 36 cinereous — — 64 crefcent _ — 37 crefled — — 83 crying — — 35 dark — — 31 Dominican — — 58 Ethiopian — — 78 ferruginous — 39 fox-coloured — ib. genus — — 13 gilded ma SY gloffy — — ib. gold-crowned — 21 green — mr 22 Oly grey ep hermit _ — 54 Hifpaniola — — 75 Indian — — 66 brown BS Kamtfchatka — 28 king _ — 89 Labrador — — 46 little — — 20 long-billed — — 67 long-tailed — — 72 Madagafcar ——= — 68 Malabar —— — 30 Mauritius — — 69 mimic — — 40 Mindanao — 69 miffel — —* 16 mocking —— — 4! mufician — —— $80 New Holland —n 317, nun — emi ir/Z olive — — 66 orange-bellied OS | Ee ER Te Nee ES Xe Throfh, pacific —— page 38 Thrufh, yellow-bellied page 42 pagoda — —— _ 30 breafted — 738 pale _ — 32 crowned — 74 palm -——— — 76 fronted — 60 penfive — — 53:«CTidtic — 333 Philippine — 33 - Tije —_— — 520 pigeon — —— 64 Tijeguacu ——, — ib. red-breafted — 206 Tije-guacu-paroara — — 124 legged — 33 Tijepiranga — Bin BAS necked —- 3: Tilly — 33 tailed —— 31 Tinamou cendré — — 726 reed — — 32 cinereous — — ib. rock. — — 54 de Cayenne — 724 rofe-coloured — 50 genus ——— — ib. rufous — — 80 great ———— — ib. naped — 385 little ——— — 727 tailed — 30 petit — ib, winged —— 6¢¢ varié — 726 St. Domingo —- 42 variegated — — ib. Sandwich — 39 Titlark — — 374 Senegal — 63 Titling — 420 fhining —— 56 Titmoufe, amorous — — 546 folitary — —— 52 azure ———— — 538 fong — 18 bearded — — 552 fongfter — — 59 black-breafted — 539 fpeckled — — 87 and blue — 230 fpectacle — — 61 blue =_ — 543 {potted — — 27 Canada — — 542 Surat — 38 Cape ———. — 552 Surinam — — 76 Chinefe — — 555 tawny — — 28 . colemoufe — — 540 thick-billed — 34 creeping — — 558 Tripoli — —— 23 crefted — 544. 545 violet — SS BF crimfon crowned — 539 Whidah — —— 58 trumped — ib. white- backed — 82 genus — 535 browed — i 3 golden -——— — 239 chinned ==. AB great ———— — 536 eared —— 84 headed — 557 fronted —— 71 green-fpotted — 228 headed — 509 Guiana — — 546 lumped —— (i, hooded —— — 462 tailed —— Ag Hudfon’s Bay — 557 wind — —— 22 Languedoc — — 549 yellow ———- -— 63 long-tailed — — 550 backed —— 29 Malabar 555 Vow. Il. iy ie Titmoufe, boa Noaw® Titmoufe, marfh — page 541 mountain 547 New Zealand — 558 Norway _ — 537 paradife — 230 penduline — — 547 Sibirian — — 556 toupet — — 544 Virginian — — 546 yellow — — 513 ‘Fjutjecrawany — — i 11 Tlacahoilotl — — 634 Tlapalcocotli —= — 660 Tobaque — _ — 309 Tocro — _ — 776 "Foddy-bird _— — 132 Toé-Toé — — 558 Tolcana _ — It Tolocatzanatl — — ib. Tommi-liden _— — 443 Tomtelio — — — 155 Tordo _— _ — 16 Toucnam-couri — — 129 Touite _ _ — 279 Toupet bleu — — 209 Tourdelle _ — 24 Tourocco — — — 667 Tourte =_ — 663 Tourtelette = — 666 Tourterelle — — 644, 647 acollier —= 648, 656 a cravate noire — 666 A gorge pourprée — 653 tachetée — 655 a large queue — 667 blanche enfanglantée 657 brune de la Chine — 647 a’ Amerique — 664 a’Amboine — 665 ce Batavia — 654 Canada — 658 java — — 654 Portugal — 646 Surate — 652 Ja Caroline — 663 Ja cote de Malabar 652 Bi Se Tourterelle de laJamaique page 651 du Cap de Bonne Efperance 639, 666 Senegal — —~ 656 grife de Lugon — 646 Surate — 652 la Chine — 649 enfanglantce — 657 mulet — — 649 petite — 659, 660 de Queda — 661 rayég — — 650 verte d’Amboine — 653 Traine buiffon — — 419 Traquet — — — 448 alunette — — 452 d’Angleterre — — 324 de Lugon — — 451 de Madagafcar —- 450 de Manille — — 453 des Indes — — 452 Philippines 451, 453 du Cap de B. Efp. — 450 du Senegal — 455, 456 grand os 4532 454 Tree-creeper, Hamburgh — 149 ‘Tricolor —_— 234, 235 Tringa carunculata — — 9 Troglodyte =— 506, 507 Troupiale de Bengale — 5 Cayenne — — 242 huppe — — 345 Trumpeter — — 793 Tfutju crawan _ — 74 Tichegantfchiki _— — 448 Tuite | _— — 279 Turbit — — 611 Turdus arundinaceus — — 32 atricapillus — == 70 cafer ——— — 72 canorus — — Capenfis — _— 3 Chinenfis _ — 36 cyanus = — 51 Dominicus — — 42 iiacus = — 22 4 ec 4 a s wn Turdus merula Turkey, American Turquin Turtle, African LN x. ‘ Z — page migratorius —= — morio eal muficus — niger nitens olivaceus Orpheus palmaram -——~ pilaris plumbeus — polyglottus — rofeus ruficollis rufus Seleucis Sibiricus Surinamus torquatus vifcivorus — Zeylonus — — ——s ——_ —=— —— crefted copper-coloured genus —— horned. marail New England, wild — white —— yacou Pt ee) Pei Amboina Barbadoes barred black-capped — blue-crowned headed Cambayan Canada —— Carolina — _— Chinefe _ rey — _ collared — — common — —_ great-tailed —— _ 43 2 Turtle, green ——= == page 653 ground — — 656 Hybridal -—- — 649 Javan — 654 Indian = — 659 Luzonian — — 646 Malabar — — 652 Malacca —— — 661 marginated — — 664 pafferine — — 660 Portugal — — 646 red-brealted — 657 fanguine — — ib. Senegal -—— — 655 collared — 656 fpotted-necked — 645 ftriated = — — 650 Surat —— — 652 Surinam —— — 647 Turtur Indicus _— — 648 Turvert 53» O54 Twite — — 307 Tyran a queue fourchué — 355 de Cayenne — — 357 petit — — 358 de la Louifiane — — ib. Tzaupan _ — 4i V. Vardiole Tar, Te oa Variole — — 333 Vengoline — — 309 Venturon — = — 297 Verderin — — 137 Verderoux — _ — 231 Verdier — _ — 134 de Bahama = — — 300 ava — — 209 dela Chine — — 135 Louifiane — 206 de St. Domingue — 137 des Indes _ — 299 petit: — — 209 du Cap de B. Efp. — 299 5B 2 Verdier lee Na, ER ox: Verdier fans vert — page 137 Warbler, African — page 436 Verdin — — 79 alpine — — 434 Verdinere — —— 300 aquatic — — 419 Vert brunet — — 299 babbling = — 417 Verzellino eo —— 297 banana = = 498 Veuve — — 178 belted ~ — — 487 a collier d’or —— ib. black and white — 457 epaulettes — — 184 © Blackburnian — — 461 poitrine rouge — ib. black-headed — — 427 quatre brins — — 183 jawed — 447 d’Angola _— — 181 poll — — 460 delacéte d’Afrique — 183 _ throated —— 487 de Panay — — 184 bloady-fide — — 489Q Dominiquaine —- — 180 blue — — 446 en feu _ — 184 grey — — 440 eteinte — — 178 headed — — 503 grande _— — 181 ftriped — — S04 d’Angola — 178 tailed — — 459 mouchetée _ — 181 throated — 444 petite _ — 180 Bourbon — — 475 Vinago — — 604 brown —_— — 508 Vira-ombé — — 333 brown-throated — 444 Vitrec — 465 buff-faced — — 448 a menton blanc — — 428 Caffrarian — — 426 Urogallus minor, &c. — 740 Cayenne _ — 502 cerulean — — 490 Ceylon ~~ — 474 W. chefnut- bellied -— 424 China _ — 474 Wagtail, African — — 402 Cingalefe — — ib. black and white en. 397 cinnamon _ — 447 Cape — — 402 citrine _ — 464 cinereous = — 397 citron-bellied — — 477 collared — — 396 Coromandel — — 452 forked —_ — 397 crefted — — 493 genus — — 394 dark — — 453 green = — 403 Dartford —_ — 435 grey _ — 398 Daurian — — 460 Javan = — 399 dufky = — ada x Indian _— — ib. epicurean = — 432 pied. _ — 397. —« equatorial — — 493 Tchutfchi _ — 403 flaxen — — 478 timor _ — 401 genus _ — 404 white — BOS gilt-throat = — — 459. yellow 398, 400 gold-crowned — 486 headed — — gol graffet _ — 496 Wamew — — 35 gtafshopper — — 429 Warbler,, Li Ne Be Ey X. green — — 484 and white — 480 Indian — — 484 grey-poll — — 461 _. throated — — 496 sly a — 473 gold-winged — — 492 guira _ — 505 half-collar = = 494 hang-neft — — 497 hedge — — 419 hooded _ — 462 Jamaica — — 485 leucomele — — 456 long-legged — — 465 long-tailed — — sor Louifiane — — 480 Luzonian — — 451 Madagafcar -—- — 412 Magellanic — — 464 Maurice — — 476 moor = — 453 murine _ — 463 New York — — 436 olive _— — 473 brown — — 495 orange-bellied — — ib. headed — 492 throated — 481 palm _ — 4098 paflerine _— — 414 Patagonian = — — 434 penfile — — fy Philippine — Ae pine — — 483 pink = =— — 473 prothonotary — — 494 uebec _ — 484 red-bellied — = 504 headed — — fF) throated —- — 490 reed —_ — 413 ruby-throated — — 463 rufous —_ — 431 and black — 493 tailed — — 439 ruth —_ — 420 St. Domingo fedge Senegal Sibirian fimple footy fpectacle {potted, yellow — fultry fuperb Sybil tailor thorn-tailed umbrofe undated white-breafted — chinned crowned — eyed poll — yellow — backed bellied — breafted browed — fronted poll throat rumped Wardioe Watchy picket Waxbill red-rumped white-tailed Wegflecklin Weifs fleckige ammer — Wheat-ear black-hoode Cape grey orange-breafted — Provence = rufous ruffet {potted = Wheel-bird Whidah- bird — — — PTS Ul Te Ta WD eI Te STE ea ete as Warbler, great-tailed — page 500 Warbler, rufty-headed —- -page 448 | T4798 — 430 s : Whin-chat = page 454 Whip- poor-will = = 595 tom-kelly — — 352 e White-tail — — 465 Y. throat _ — 428 Worabée = — 300 Yacou — page 681 Worm-eater" = — 482,499 Yellow-bird = — 512- Wren — 506 hammer — — 170 brown — — 508 rump — — 546 gold-crefted = — ib. throat, Maryland -—— 438 green _ —— 512 Yohualtototl _ — 267 red-headed —-— —s5il ruby-crowned ——=- — ib. Scotch —_ — 513 yellow — == 512, 513 Z. Mi Zonecolin — —— 784 Xiuhtototl _ — 245 De NS Dyes XS En oR OR VAR Ty At « 0 Page 84, erafe the whole of White-cared Theufh, N° 116, p. 84, it being again defcribed in p. 527, as a Manakin ; to which genus it truly belongs - ——129 line 3 for cendre read cendré ——140—— 2 — hordeaca hordeacea —— 385 —— ult. — inches — lines —— 404 after 3 Pettychaps add 3* Leffer Pettychaps 405 line 15 for White-chat read Whin-chat —— ‘ib. after N° 67 add N° 67*, Blackburnian We ——428 line 25 for * read + —— 485 —— 19 = A — é ——— 532 2 — Le oifeau —— L’oifeau om— 563 in the margin, read Frontifpiece to Part I. —— 613 line 16 for gutturafa read gutturofa —— 704 =——= 6 — frife —— frifé P..20 1. 19 —— 30, 6-—— 183, 4-———- 462, 5 —— 545, 5 ——~ 564, 8 —— 656, 2724, T4-——735, Ig and JS——-759, 2==— 7604, 20. for le read la 9 PF hp iigrean ai Lipoid aa aa al Frage ee) Oy SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION LIBRARIES IEMA 90488 O0¢e31be1 2 pt. 2 A general synopsis of bird I Vv. crisrb QL674.L35