te cot yt
reeaee we te Lit
o fel! r

f wets be hal y ne
- “~~ Seas!
Toth Ni , dete ried eit Li gah vee
ch} ‘ bax aheleid cust
Nts Ree aaa

Bee, y

eh tye my brn
Heeler eee
he

i Nh haat St) ep yhewe
Sasa tf

<ity

sebeh hs bee
MOA aay beh

rf . ‘y
Waukee
1h90 eB ha Dh nv ae m8

* ; *
iat 7 a
LRT bse
As ad Pie 1 },!

e eeu NM we b "

i ihe
. nina
rai “eran
Himsa tenis ahh

Pith

on
ih
M

Si 4

a

is ne pa " 2
at

-

Phe ‘

)

es neh a

pH Gy bth
rye

Sit Aednor tsa nciate ei eth MY eRe ph

Bia atthe tie : ih, Ha eit

ai fa

i He peel atte
te ae
va avn eT

rf

Kean
Pi Rats
4 J

sh
id ahd
Ap ee eh eel
ed ih
re

puis

wha
EAL
Paras 0)

artetes
Preis
=: ritiete
>

“a
PAPE aL
Viale hee ary
et

Wibrary of the Museum

oF

COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY,
AT HARVARD COLLEGE, CAMBRIDGE, MASS,

4| Founded by prfvate subscription, {n 1861.
‘

=)
:

i ah ‘ H Ay

> Na Oe
re PW is:
am a

+ if eo) ae

hae

“

Tis

a

cy -
ae ar

te es
. -_

ir

| . ; A Mere
) aan not Mi
iH : a a bak ae Hie
= | _ oy aug yaa

-

|
oe . Me
h q ei i Ne ‘a ‘on A
Ap of ea mi Vi Ne}
» 7 fy my ay fey M 4 i #
MF, i a hard ihe i
eres e) al
7 A Ay i ti
a. LN vs ery ' é ; {
tae n , 4 th / 7
} \ ri q eu
7 Hl iv
bakcatreny ;
i 1 ay latueo4e nie pe
ie : “ , { byl
vi liv Hi A
Wea ys | ,
1 ne
| pi ee Ae
‘ays h. . re i
ws 4 ih eae |
1 Rare
| " a.) 7) - }
; an |
A .
rh 7 $s i
wh ays iby
Ay , y .
7 Ff ) ; ,
Md fe
ee
Ty tre eT |e
Vivk bin : } Py! ve? aa i
oe pes) | <i ih ; ie
: iP Hea if ‘ y ay vf yi >) Pi) a:
| Pain. 4s ie
7 vi ul Ere fl
( . : iN ; .
id, . (
na i
nin i .
F Aa A ; a) \ ty i .
OPT te © nM re beara
tiny wy i Ait : : bith im ny 4 :
\ mite j i Y : ; et
j h Wa et ; otra Cans a ne
jar) ; ae roe Yee ce! Serica e weg Ta u

Po |

THE

GENERA OF BIRDS:

COMPRISING

THEIR GENERIC CHARACTERS,
erect Of TH HABITS OF EACH GENUS,

AND

AN EXTENSIVE LIST OF SPECIES

REFERRED TO THEIR SEVERAL GENERA.

BY

Peon ah hOBTRT GRAY, F.L.S.

SENIOR ASSISTANT OF THE NATURAL HISTORY DEPARTMENT IN THE BRITISH MUSEUM ;

CORRESPONDING MEMBER OF THE ROYAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF TURIN; OF THE IMPERIAL AND ROYAL ACADEMY OF GEORGOFILI OF FLORENCE ;
OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF AGRICULTURE, NATURAL HISTORY, AND USEFUL ARTS OF LYON; OF THE SOCIETY OF THE MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY OF STRASBOURG:
OF THE LINNXAN SOCIETY OF LYON; OF THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA, U. S. ;

HONORARY MEMBER OF THE NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF HESSE DARMSTADT; ETC, ETC.
AUTHOR OF

"4S LIST OF THE GENERA OF BIRDS,” SEVERAL ENTOMOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS, ETC.
ILLUSTRATED BY

DAVID WILLIAM MITCHELL, B.A. F.L.S.

SECRETARY TO THE ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON;

HONORARY MEMBER OF THE ROYAL ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMSTERDAM, AND OF

SEVERAL LEARNED SOCIETIES,

IN THREE VOLUMES.

VOL. III.

1844— 1849,

ORO N-
LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN, AND LONGMANS,

PATERNOSTER-ROW,

1849.

Order.
Vv. GALLINZ

VI. STRUTHIONES

VII. GRALLZ

CONTENTS

OF

rai THIRD VOLUME

Suborder or Tribe.

Family.
I. Cracide

II. Megapodide

IIl.

Phasianide

IV. Tetraonide

V. Chionidide

VI. Tinamide

I. Struthionide

I. Charadriade

II. Ardeidz

III. Scolopacidee

* Both plates marked 125.

* Both plates marked 126.

Subfamily.
1. Penelopine ~- -
2. Cracine - - -
1. Talegalline - -
2. Megapodine - -
1. Pavonine - -
2. Phasianine - -
3. Galline - < =
4. Meleagrine - -
5. Lophophorine - -
1. Perdicine - -
2, Turnicine - -
8. Odontophorine “
4. Tetraonine - -
5. Pterocline - -
1. Thinocorine - -
2. Chionidine - -
1. Tinamine - 2
1. Struthionine - -

. Apterygine - -

. Otidine - - -

. Recurvirostrinz
. Tringine

. Cdicnemine - -
. Cursorine
. Glareoline - -
. Charadrine - -
. Hematopodine -
. Cincline - -

. Psophine - =
. Gruine = =
. Ardeinze = =
. Ciconine = =
. Tantaline = =
. Limosine = 2
. Totanine = =
~ 576—577

. Scolopacine - -
. Phalaropodine -

* Both plates marked

Pages.
484—485
486—487
488-—489
490—493
4.94 —4.95
496—497
4.98—4.99
500— 501
502—503
504— 509
§10—511
512—515
516—517
518—519
520—521
522—523
524—525
526—529
530—531
532—533
534—535
536—537
538—539
540—545
546—547
548— 549
550—551
552—553
554—559
560—563
564—567
568—571

572—575

578—581
582—585
586—587
148.

Coloured Plates
Plates. of Details.
CXXI. IPAS
CXXII. 122.
CXXIlII. 123.
CXXIV. 124.
CXXV. 125.
CXXVI.! 126.
CXXVII.? ihe
CXXVIII. 128.
CXXIX. 129.
CXXxX. 130.
CXXXI 131.
CXXXII. NS,
CXXXIHEI. 133
CXXXIV.
CXXXV. 135
CXXXVI. ;
CXXXVII. 137.
CXXXVITI. 138.
CXXXIX.
(OD. 141.
CXLII.
CXLILII. } 142.
CXLIV.
CXLV. 145
CXLVI. o
CXLVII. \ Bal
CXLVIII. 148.
CXLIX.? 149.
CL. 150.
Crit sii lc
CLIT. 152.
CLITII. Ds
CLIV. 154.
CLV. eter
Civile 156.
CLVII. Sif.
CLVIII. (with 155.)

4 Marked CLII.

iv
Order. Suborder or Tribe,
Vil. GRALLA ——— lV
continued,

VIL ANSERES

PE.

lV

V

Vi.
Appendix - - =
Supplementary Appendix .

CONTENTS OF THE

Family.

. Palamedeide

*, Rallide

. Anatide

. Colymbide

Alcide

. Procellaride

. Laride

Pelecanide

THIRD VOLUME.

1. Pheenicopterine
2. Plectropterine

8. Anserine -
4. Cygnine -
5. Anatinae -
6. Fuliguline = -

Subfamily.

Parrine -

. Palamedeine «

. Ralline - -
. Gallinuline = -

. Erismaturine -
. Mergine -
- Colymbine .
. Podicipine = -
. Heliornine = -

. Alcine - -

. Phaleridine -
- Spheniscine -
. Urine - -
. Procellarine -

. Diomedeine -

- Larine - -
. Rhynchopine -

8. Sternine -
1. Phaetonine = -
2. Plotine - =

. Pelecanine -

Generic and Specific Names referred to figures of Ornithological Works

Index of Generic Names -
Index of Specific Names -

* Marked CLXI.

Pages.
- 588—589
590—591
- 592—597

598—O601

- 602—603
- 604—605
- 606—609
- 610—611

=\612-—=619) 5

- 620—625
- 626—627
- 628-—629
- 6830—631
- 632—633
- 634—635
- 636 —637

- 688—639
- 640—643
- 644—645

- 646—649
- 650—651

+ 652—655
- 656—657
- 658 — 661

- 662—663
- 664 —665
- 666—669

Coloured
Plates.

CLIX.
CLX.!
CLXI.
CLXII.

CLXIII.
CLXIV.
CLXV.
CLXVI.
CLXVII.
CLXVIII.
CLXIX.
CLXX.

CLXXI.
CLXXII.
CLXXIII.

CLXXIV.
CLXXV.
CLXXVI.
CLXXVII.

CLXXVIII.
CLXXIX.

CLXXX.
CLXXXI.
CLXXXII.

CLXXXIII.
CLXXXIV.
CLXXXV.?

Supplementary Plate -

* Both plates marked 183.

Plates
of Details.

159.
160.
161.
162.

163.
164.
165.
(with 163.)
1067.
168.
169.
170.

} 17.

(with 162. )

} 174.

176.
177-

| 178.

180.
(with 186.)
182.
\ 183 and
184.
185.
- 186.

Order V. GALLIN 4 Linn.*

contains the game birds, which have the Tarsi lengthened, robust, and sometimes armed with a spur
or spurs ; the Toes more or less lengthened, but always connected at their base by a membrane ; the

hind toe more or less developed, and when present more or less elevated from the ground.

The first Family,
CRACID®!, or Curassows,

have the Bill moderate, of various forms, with the culmen more or less arched to the tip; the nostrils
basal, lateral, and exposed; the Wings short and much rounded ; the Tail lengthened and very broad ;
the Tarsi lengthened and robust ; with the Toes lengthened, and more or less slender, and the hind toe

long and placed on the same plane with the others.

The first Subfamily,
PENELOPIN &, or Guans,

have the Bill moderate, weak, slender, longer than high, with the culmen at the base straight, and then
vaulted to the tip; the nostrils large, covered with a membrane, and the opening large, anterior, and
ovate; the sides of the head and throat more or less naked.

Ortatipa Merr.t

Bill shorter than the head, broad at the base, and laterally compressed to the tip, with the culmen
nearly straight to the front of the nostrils, and then arched to the tip; the nostrils lateral, placed in a
large groove, which is covered for two thirds with a thin membrane, with the opening large, anterior, and
ovate. “ings short and much rounded, with the fourth to the sixth quills the longest, the first series of
quills having the webs broad to the ends. Tail lengthened, very broad and rounded at its end. Tarsi
about the length of the middle toe, rather slender. Toes lengthened and slender, the lateral ones
equal; the hind toe long, on the same plane with the others; and the claws short and curved. The

head and throat plumed, or with the cheeks and two narrow streaks below the lower mandible naked.

The birds of this and of the following division are only found in the warmer parts of South America. They mostly
reside upon the trees of the vast forests of the interior, near the tops of which they perch during the heat of the day ;

* Or the Rasores of Mliger.
t This genus was established (1786) by Merrem, in Av. var. Icones et Deser. fas.2. p.40.; and it embraces Chamepetes of Wagler (1832).

PENELOPIN &.

= —_—_$—$——— —_——-—

and in the cool of the morning and evening they are actively engaged in searching from tree to tree or on the ground for
their food, which consists of fruits and various kinds of insects. Their flight is heavy and performed with difficulty, from

the shortness of their wings. It is on the summits of the trees that the female forms her nest, in which she deposits

from two to five eggs.

1. O. katrace (Bodd.) Pl. enl. 146, — Phasianus motmot Gmel. ; 7. O. vetula Wag). Isis, 1830. 1112.
8. O. poliocephala Wagl. Isis, 1830. 1112.
9. O. canicollis Wagl. Isis, 1830. 1112.

Phasianus parragua Lath,
®, O. albiventer Wagl. Isis, 1850. litt.

4. O. ruficollis.—Penelope albiventer Less. Rev, Zool, 1842. 10. O, guttata (Spix), Wagl., Spix Av. Bras. i. 73.
p. 17+ 11. O. araucuan (Spix), Wagl., Spix Av. Bras. t. 74.
4. O. leucogaster.—Penelope leucogaster Gould, Voy. Sulph. Birds, 12. O. squamata (Less.) Wag]., Dict. des Sci. Nat. 59. p. 195.
” a 13. O. caraceo (Poepp.) Fror. Notiz. 1831. p. 8.
5. O. ruficeps Wagl. Isis, 1850. 1111. 14. O. Goudotii Less. Man. d’Orn. ii, 217.—Type of Chame-

6. O. garrula (Hamb.) Wagl., Humb, Obs. de Zool. et Anat. | petes Wagler (1832).
Comp. |. p. +

Penetorre Merr.*

The general characters like those of Ortalida, but the first series of quills are arched, and more or

leas narrowed at their ends. The sides of the head and the front of the throat naked and wattled.

1. P. pipile (Jacq.) Gmel., Jacq. Gesch. der Végel. t. 11. —Pe- | jacuacu Spia, Ay. Bras. t. 63.; P.jacupema Mer. Avium Icones,
nelope leucolophus Merr. Avium Icones, &e, t.12.; Penelope &o4 Tht

jacatinga Spir, Av. Bras. t. 70. 7. P. jacucaca Spix, Av. Bras. t. 69.—P. jacu-pemba Spiz,
2, P. cumanensis (Jacq.) Gmel., Jacq. Geschichte der Vogel. | Av. Bras. t. 71. ?

t. 10. 8. P. superciliaris Illig. — P. jaca-pemba Spiz, Av. Bras. t. 72.
3. P. aburri Goud. Dict. des Sci. Nat. 59. p. 191. 9. P. marail Gmel. Pl. enl. 338.— Type of Salpiza Wagler
+. P. pileata Licht. Isis, 1830. 1109. (1832).
5. P. purpurascens Wagl. Isis, 1830, 1110. 10. P. obscura Illig. Temm. Pig. & Gall. 111. p. 68. et 693.,

6. P. cristata (Linn.) Lath, Edwards's Birds, pl. 13.— Penelope | Azara No. 335.

ORrEOPHASIS.

Bill lengthened, compressed on the sides ; the base of both mandibles covered with soft velvety down,

forming a short but lengthened crest along the basal portion of the culmen to the front of the nostrils ;

the anterior part of the culmen yaulted and arched to the tip; nostrils concealed by the velvety down,

except the opening, which is rather ovate. Wings rather short, and much rounded, with the sixth and
seventh quills the longest. Taz! lengthened, very broad, and much rounded at its end. Tarsi rather
shorter than the middle toe, robust. Toes long, and the lateral ones equal-; the claws moderate,
compressed, and slightly curved. The space above the eye naked ; with a broad, rounded, and elevated

knob, truncated at its end. Two longitudinal stripes below the under mandible, and a semicircular
space on the throat, denuded of feathers.

This fine bird was brought from Guatemala; but its habits and manners are at present unknown.

O. Derbianus G. R. Gray.

* It was in 1786 that this genus was published by Merrem (Av. rar. Icones et Descr. fasc. 2. p.40.) ; Salpiza (1832) of Wagler may

be considered as synonymous with it,

July, 1844.

a en tha tt ee a lara Si os “a = = =

PVD YD SLMPIGAICT
STS KF HLOHYO

MCZ LIBRARY
HARVARD UNIVERSITY
CAMBRIDGE. MA USA

f
t

o +

mt
See

]

ee

oo a se

:

~
Soe

4
Ce

7

y

7 bel 2
t5
OO
me
=m
S ts
—=
fv

=i

Order V. GALLIN &. Family I. Cracipa.

The second Subfamily,

CRACIN &, or Curassows,

have the Bill more or less long, and generally elevated at the base, the culmen curved, and the sides
compressed to the tip, which is obtuse; the Nostrils lateral and large, with the opening partly closed by

a membrane, crescent-shaped or rounded.

Crax Linn.*

Bill moderate, with the culmen and lateral margins much curved, and the sides compressed to the tip,
which is obtuse; the base of both mandibles covered by a naked cere, in which are placed the nostrils,
with the opening large, crescent-shaped, and exposed. Wings rather short and rounded, with the
sixth to the eighth quills equal and longest. Taz! long and rounded. Tuarsi robust, longer than the
middle toe, and covered in front by broad scales. Toes long, strong and prominently scutellated, the

lateral toes equal; the claws moderate, compressed, and curved.

The species of this genus are found in the woods of Tropical America. They are generally observed together in
numerous flocks, searching for worms, insects, fruits, and seeds of plants on which they subsist. The nests are built on
trees, and are formed externally of branches interlaced with the stalks of herbaceous plants and lined with leaves. The
eggs are five or six in number.

1. C, alector Linn. Briss. Orn. 1. t. 29. — Crax fasciolata Spiz, | Soe. ii. p. 227. fig. Jard. & Selby, Ill. Orn. n. 3. pl. 6.; C. rubri-

Av. Bras. t. 62. a. | rostris Spix, Ay. Bras. t. 67.
2. C. globicera Linn. Albin, Birds, ii, pl. 31.—Crax Albini | 5. C. rubra Linn. Albin, Birds, iii. pl. 40., Lath. Gen. Syn. pl. 63.
Less. Pl. enl. 86.? Shaw, Nat. Misc. pl. 117.? | — Crax peruviana Briss. ; C. Temminckii Tschudi, Pl. enl. 125. ;
3. C. globulosa Spix, Av. Bras. t. 65, 66., Edwards’ Birds, pl. | Dict. Univ. d’Hist. Nat. Ois. t. 7. f. 1.; Gard. & Menag. Zool.
295. f. 1. — Crax globicera var. Lath. Soc. ii. p. 225. ; C. Blumenbachii Spiz, Av. Bras. t. 64.
4. C. carunculata Temm. Pig. & Gall. iii. t. 4. f. 3. — Crax 6. C. urumutum Spix, Av. Bras. t. 62.
Yarrellii Benn. Proc. Z.S. 1830, p. 33.; Gard. & Menag. Zool.

* It was in 1744 that Linneus established the above name (Systema Nature).

CRACIN &.

Pauxt T'emm.*

Bill short, with the culmen elevated, much curved, and the sides much compressed to the tip which is
obtuse ; the lateral margins slightly curved; the gonys long and straight; the nostrils lateral, rounded,
and placed anteriorly in the groove, which and the base of both mandibles are covered with small plumes.
Wings rather short, with the sixth and seventh quills equal and longest. Tai, Tarsi, and Toes like

those of the preceding genus.

It is in the warmer parts of America that the species of this genus are found. They frequent the woody districts in
large troops, and are occasionally seen perched on the trees, though they usually obtain their food on the ground ; it
consists of worms, insects, and various kinds of seeds, fruits, &e. The nests are formed on the ground, and the young
are carefully protected and fed by the parent till they are sufficiently strong to provide for themselves.

1. P. galeata (Lath.) Temm. Pl. enl. 78. —Crax pauxi Linn. ; | tuberosa Spix, Av. Bras. t. 67. a. ; Ourax erythrorhynchus Swains.
Edwards’ Birds, pl. 205. f. 2. ; C. mexicanus Briss. | Temm. Pig. & Gall. iii. t. 4. f. 2.
2. P. mitu (Linn.) PL col. 153. —Crax brasiliensis Briss.; C. | 3. P. tomentosa (Spix) Av. Bras. t. 63.

* Established by M. Temminck in 1815 (Hist. Nat. Pig. et Gall. iii. p. 683.). Cuvier in 1817 used Ouraz for the same type, and Lo-
phocerus of Mr. Swainson (1837), and Mitu of M. Lesson (1841), are coequal ; this latter name Mr. Strickland changed to Mitua (1841).

November, 1 8 16,

On
“4

i on a

Sm y “ss Z Preuyt*.
a ns’ xs
Py Pe
pe - it” sii? - j
~ bi “— Pont

PAUXL
galeata (Lath) Tenim

canes WY

ERSITY

ARY:
CAMBRIDGE. MA USA

MCZ Lt
BARVARD UM

Order V. GALLIN ®.

The second Family,
MEGAPODID€, or Mecaronss,

have the Bill more or less robust, with the apical portion vaulted, and the tip rather obtuse; the
Wings moderate and much rounded ; the Tarsi long, robust, and usually covered with large scales ; the
Toes lengthened, strong, and covered above with strong scales; the hind toe long, and entirely resting

on the ground; the claws long, robust, and slightly curved.

The first Subfamily,

TALEGALLIN &, or Tavecatues,

have the Bill moderate and robust, with the culmen elevated at the base, and curved towards the tip,
which is obtuse; the sides compressed ; the lateral margins curved; and the gonys moderate, and

slightly ascending.

TaLecaLuus Less.*

Bill robust, with the culmen elevated at the base, much curved, and the sides compressed to the tip;
the lateral margins curved, and the gonys long and ascending; the nostrils basal and lateral, with the
opening large, exposed, and pierced in the membranous groove. Wings moderate and rounded, with
the fifth and sixth quills equal and longest. Tail lengthened, vaulted, emarginated in the middle, and
rounded on the sides. Yarsi very robust, rather longer than the middle toe, feathered below the knee,
the front covered with large divided scales. Toes long and robust, with the lateral ones nearly equal ;
and the outer one united by a membrane at the base ; claws long, robust, slightly curved, and slightly

acute at the ends. The head and neck almost denuded of plumes.

These birds are found in the dense brushes, scrubby gullies, and primeval forests of Australia and New Guinea.
They are observed in small flocks on the ground, but they are shy and fearful, which causes them, when disturbed, to
endeayour to escape by running among the thick brush, or by flying on to the lower branches of the trees, and then
ascending to the top, which they attain by leaping from branch to branch ; and, having ascended, they then sometimes
fly off to a fresh locality of the brush. During the midday sun, they usually seek the shady branches of the trees for
shelter from the heat, often uttering a loud clucking noise. They also dust themselves on the ground in the manner
of other gallinaceous birds, and like them their food consists of seeds, berries, and insects. The Australian species
forms a remarkable heap of decayed vegetable matter in a retired and shady place. The vegetables which compose this

* Established by M. Lesson in 1826 (Voy. de la Coqu. Zool. p.715.), which in 1828 he altered to Talegalla. Catheturus of Mr.
Swainson (1837) is coequal.

TALEGALLIN &.

mound are collected by the birds by means of one of their feet, in which they carry the quantity that they collect,
until they have formed a heap of sufficient size, completely destroying the plants, &c., growing in the neighbourhood of
the mound. After a certain time has been allowed for the vegetables thus accumulated to engender some degree of
heat, several female birds deposit their eggs at a little distance from each other, and cover them to the depth of two or
three feet. They are placed perfectly straight, with the large end upwards, and are thus left until they are hatched by
the artificial heat of the mound. The young birds force their way out of the heap of themselves, and are clothed with

feathers.

1. T. Cuvieri Less. Voy. de la Coqu, Ois. t. 38. 2. T. Lathami (Gray), G.R. Gray, Gray's Zool. Misc. p. 4.,
Lath. Hist. of B. x. pl. 6., Gould, B. of Austr. pl.

MecacepHaton T'emm.*

Bill moderate, robust, with the culmen elevated at the base, curved, and compressed on the sides
towards the tip; the lateral margins slightly curved; the gonys moderate and ascending ; the nostrils
basal and lateral. Wings moderate and rounded, with the fifth and sixth quills equal and longest. Tail
moderate, (vaulted ?), emarginated in the middle, and rounded on the sides. TZarsi robust, rather
longer than the middle toe; the knee denuded of feathers, and the front covered with small scales,
which enlarge and are transverse near the base of the toes. Toes long and robust, with the lateral ones
nearly equal, and both much united at their base to the middle toe by a prominent membrane; the hind
toe long, even with the other toes, and all strongly scaled above; the claws strong, compressed, and

slightly curved.
The bird that constitutes this division has hitherto been found only in the jungles of the Island of Celebes.

M. rubripes (Quoy & Gaim.) Voy. de l’Astrol. Ois, t. 25. (juv.) — Megacephalon maleo Temm.

*

The above name has been proposed by M. Temminck ; but, I believe, he has not yet published the generic characters.

August, 1846.

a I
4

MIXxXO ° wer ATT Ar\orO) rr \S7 7f.

MCZ LIBRARY
HARVARD UNIVERSITY
CAMBRIDGE MA USA

92

Wao

a
we
ao
i)
=
v
ue)
hey
oO
=

atham1

1. MEGACEPHALON rubripes

TARY
HARVARD UNIVERSITY.

MCZ LI

—. MA USA

G

CAMBRID

Order V. GALLIN ©. Family Il. Mecaropma2.

The second Subfamily,
MEGAPODIN &, or Mounp Birps,

have the Bill moderate, and rather weakened, with the basal portion of the culmen depressed, and the
apical part rather strong and slightly vaulted; the sides compressed; and the gonys curved upwards or

slightly ascending.

Mecapropius Quoy & Gaim.*

Bill moderate, rather weak, straight, and broad at the base, with the basal part of the culmen depressed
and weak, the apical portion strong and vaulted ; the sides compressed to the tip, which is obtuse, and over-
laps that of the lower mandible; the gonys moderate and curved upwards ; the nostrils lateral, with the
opening oval, exposed, and placed in the fore part of the membranous groove. Wings ample and
rounded, with the third to the fifth quills nearly equal and longest. TZuil rather short, and rounded.
Tarsi shorter than the middle toe, very strong, and covered in front with transverse scales. Toes strong,
lengthened ; the lateral ones nearly equal ; the inner toe united at the base by a membrane ; the hind toe
long, and entirely resting on the ground; the claws very long, strong, rather dilated, and slightly

curved.

The species of this singular genus are found in all the islands of the eastern archipelagoes of Asia and the North-
Western parts of Australia. They are exclusively met with in pairs in the thick woods of the immediate neighbourhood
of the sea, and if disturbed very quickly hide amongst the brushwood. They seek their food, which consists of fibrous
roots, seeds, berries, and insects, on the ground. Their flight is heavy, and when disturbed while feeding they usually
fly to a tree ; and are said, on alighting, to stretch out their head and neck in a straight line with the body, remaining in
this position as stationary and motionless as the branch upon which they are perched. Some species deposit their eggs
to the number of a hundred or more in the night in holes on the sea shore, which they excavate to the depth of two or
three feet. Others deposit their eggs in immense conical mounds, composed of sand and shells, with a large mixture of
black soil and vegetable matter, the base generally resting on the sandy beach, within a few feet of high-water mark;
some of these mounds measure from twenty to sixty feet in circumference, and from five to fifteen feet in height. After

* Established by MM. Quoy and Gaimard in 1824 (Voy. de I’ Uranie, Zool.). It embraces Alecthelia of M. Lesson (1826).

MEGAPODIN 2,

oe _ —— — —— ——_S ———

the female has deposited an egg, which is effected in the night at intervals of several days, and is placed perpendicularly
in a hole near the middle of the mound to the depth of several feet, she scatters a quantity of sand in the hole until the
cavity is filled up. The young are supposed by some to effect their escape from the mound unaided; while on the other
hand, it has been considered that the parent birds, knowing when the young are ready to emerge from their confinement,

scratch down and release them.

1. M. Reinwardtii Wagl. Syst. Av. — Megapodius Duperryii 4. M. La Perousii Quoy & Gaim. Voy. de l’Uranie, Ois. t.
Leas. Voy. de la Coqu. Ois, t. 36., Tr. d'Or. t. 87. f. 1, Less. | 33., Less. Compl. Buff. Ois. t. 43. f. .

Compl. Buff. Ois. t. 42. f. 1. 5. M. tumulus Gould, Proc. Z. 8. 1842. p. 20., B. of Austr.
2. M. Freyeineti Quoy & Gaim. Voy. de l'Uranie, Ois t. 32., pl

Pl. col. 220., Leas. Compl. Buff. Ois. t, 42. f. 2.° 6. M. nicobariensis Blyth, Journ, As, Soc. Beng. 1846. p.
5. M. rubripes Temm. PI. col. 411., Less. Compl. Buff. Ois. t. 7. M. Forstent Temm.
43. f. .— Alecthelia d’Urvillei Less. Voy. de la Coqu. Ois. t.

37., Less. Compl. Buff. Ois, t. 44. f. |

Lerpoa Gould.*

Bill moderate, weak, and straight, with the culmen depressed at the base, and vaulted at the apical
half, with the tip overlapping that of the lower mandible ; the sides compressed ; the gonys moderate and
curved upwards; the nostrils lateral, and placed in a short membranous groove, with the opening oblique
and exposed. Wings ample and rounded. Tail long, broad, and rounded. Tarsi strong, as long
as the middle toe, and covered in front with broad, transverse, divided scales. Toes strong, moderate; the
lateral toes equal; the inner united at the base by a membrane ; the hind toe short, and on the same

plane with the others; the claws lengthened, strong, flattened, and rather acute.

The type of this genus is found in the South-Western portions of Australia. It seems to prefer the sandy plains,
though it is sometimes seen in the valleys on the border of rivers, and in open glades of the shrubby woods. It is gene-
rally observed hunting the ground for the seeds and berries which constitute its chief food, and is rarely seen on trees
except when alarmed. It is said to utter a mournful note very like that of a pigeon. When the two sexes have selected
a place for incubation, they commence collecting the dried leaves, grasses, and boughs, among which the female deposits
twelve or more eggs perfectly separated from each other by the vegetable matter or earth, and covers them up as soon
as laid. When the proper number is placed, the whole heap is entirely concealed by both birds scratching up the sand
that lies around it, thus forming a mound of about nine feet in diameter, and three feet in height; the eggs arrive at
their maturity by the heat produced by the decayed vegetable matter and the sun.

L. ocellata Gould, Proc. Z. S. 1840. p. 126., B. of Austr. pl.

Mesites J. Geoffr.+

Bill moderate, nearly straight, with the sides compressed, and the tip entire ; the gonys angulated ; and
the nostrils placed in a membranous groove, with the opening linear. Wings very short, and rounded ;

with the fifth, sixth, and seventh quills equal and longest. Tail long and broad; with the outer feathers

* Mr. Gould established this genus in 1840 (Proc. Zool. Soc. 1840, p. 126.).
+ Established by M. Isidore Geoffroy in 1839.

MEGAPODIN &.

rounded, and the tail-coverts much developed. Tarsi strong, longer than the middle toe, and covered in

front with broad transverse scales. Toes long, and moderately strong; with the inner lateral toe rather

longer than the outer and free, while the latter is slightly united by a small membrane; the hind toe

nearly as long as the inner lateral toe ; the claws rather small, compressed, and slightly curved.
The species of this genus are peculiar to the Island of Madagascar.

1. M. variegata I. Geoffr. Mag. de Zool. 1839, Ois. t. 5, 6. | 2. M. unicolor O. Des Murs, Rev. Zool. 1845. p. 176.

September, 1847.

ade paar yt le 4 % gad
om th ye ia rf pep ga" it ol ms, f yy “-
cbt Tg, :

q ;
{
} al
: d
% .
z) 7 ‘
: re
\
¥ | r
os

PAEENBUUM A ESE

MXXO 8 NICO WD aint

MCZ LINRARY
BARV4) > UNIVERSITY
CAMBRIDGE. MA USA

eine A. be ‘

Mis GAIP © 1D INA . 124

Wolf del-er hth.

5] rey a j fal Sc V7 a. J Goony.
1 MEGAPODIUS tumulus. Gould. “2: LEIPOA ocellata. Gould. 3. MESITES variepata. J Geoff

MCZ LIBRARY
BARVARD UNIVERSITY
CAMBRIDGE. MA USA

Order V. GALLIN.

The third Family,

PHASIANID 4, or PueEasants,

have the Bill moderate, with the culmen arched to the tip, which overhangs that of the lower mandible,
and the sides compressed; the Wings moderate and much rounded ; the Tail more or less lengthened
and broad ; the Tarsi moderate, usually armed with a spur or spurs ; the Toes moderate, the anterior

ones united at their base by a membrane ; the hind toe short and elevated.

The first Subfamily,

PAVONIN A, or Peacocks,

have the Tail and its coverts much developed and depressed.

Pavo Linn.*

Bill moderate, with the base of the culmen elevated, the apical half vaulted and arched to the tip, and
the sides compressed ; the nostrils basal, lateral, with the opening longitudinal. Wings short and
rounded, with the sixth quill the longest. Tail long and rounded, with the coverts much lengthened, and
extending beyond the end of the tail. Tarsi longer than the middle toe, covered in front with transverse
scales, and armed with a conical spur. Zves moderate, the anterior ones united at their base by a

membrane, and the lateral ones unequal.

These splendid birds inhabit various parts of India, Thibet, and some of the islands of the Indian Ocean. They
abound most in the woody districts, in the low jungles and even in the gardens, in which they seek their food. The
severe cold of the mountainous parts of Northern India does not hurt them, but only causes them to ascend to higher
branches than those which they occupy in warmer regions when they retire to rest. The male is three years old
before it attains the full developement of the caudal coverts. Towards the end of the monsoon, the nest is formed
among the thickest shrubs, or on high garden walls or roofs. When the young are bred in an elevated nest, they are
said to be placed sitting on the back by the parent, and so carried to the ground.

1. P. cristatus Linn. Pl. enl. 433, 434. 3. ? P. assamensis M‘Clell. Ind. Rev. 1838. 513.

2. P. muticus (Linn.) Shaw, Nat. Mise. pl. 641. — Pavo spi- |
ciferus Vieill. Gal. des Ois. t. 202.; P. Aldrovandi Wiis. Ill. Zool.
pl. 14, 15.; P.javanicus Horsf; P. japonensis Briss. |

* Established by Linneus in 1735.

PAVONINE.

PotypLectron J'emm.*

Bill slender, straight, with the apical half vaulted and curved to the tip, and the sides compressed ;
the nostrils lateral and basal, with the opening longitudinal, and partly concealed by a membrane.
Wings moderate and rounded, with the fifth and sixth quills the longest. Tail lengthened, broad, and
rounded. Tursi long and slender, armed in the male with two or three spurs, and covered in front
with transverse scales. ves long, slender; the anterior ones united by a membrane at their base ; the

hind one moderate and elevated.
The mountainous districts of various parts of India and its archipelago are the localities of these showy birds.

1. P. biealearatum (Linn.) PL. enl. 492, 493.—Phasianus malac-
censis Scop. Voy. Ind. t. 99. ; Ph. iris Bonn,

| 4, P. lineatum Gray, Illustr. Ind. Zool. pl. 38.
| 5. P. chaleurum Temm. PI. col. 519.— Polyplectron inocellatum
2. P. thibetanum (Linn.) — Polyplectron chinquis Temm. Pl. col. | Cuv.
| 6. P. Napoleonis Pr. Mass. Less. Tr. d’Ornith. p. 487. 650. —
8. P. Hardwieckii Gray, Ulustr. Ind, Zool. vy. i. pl. 37. v. ii. pl. 42. | Polyplectronemphanum Temm. PI. col. 540.
f. 1.— Polyplectron iris T’emm.

589. ; Pol. albo-ocellatum Cuv.

CrossortiLon Hodgs.t

Bill moderate, broader at the base than high, the sides slightly compressed and sloping, with the
lateral margins curved, and spreading over the lower mandible, and the culmen arched to the tip, which
is lengthened, and hangs much over that of the lower mandible; the nostrils basal, lateral, with the
opening large, suboval, and partly hidden. Wings moderate and rounded, with the fourth, fifth, and
sixth quills nearly equal and longest. Tail lengthened, composed of very broad feathers, and much
rounded at the end, the coverts lengthened and covering its base. Tarsz strong, rather longer than
the middle toe, covered in front with transverse divided scales, and armed with a spur. Toes moderate,
the anterior ones united at their base by a membrane, the lateral toes nearly equal, and the hind toe
short and elevated ; the claws long, curved, and strong. The sides of the head covered only with a
papillose skin, and the whole of the feathers decomposed.

This remarkable bird is peculiar to the mountains of Thibet, and, from its extreme rarity, its habits and manners
have not yet been recorded.

C. auritum (Pall.) Hodgs. Pall. Zoogr. ii, p. 86. — Phasianus (Crossoptilon) thibetanus Hodgs. Jour. As. Soc. Ben. vii. 864. t. 46.

* M.Temminck established this genus, in his Hist. Nat. Pig. et Gall., in 1815. In 1816 Vieillot used Diplectron for this division.
ft It was in 1838 that Mr. Hodgson established this genus (Journ. As. Soc. Beng. vii. p. 864.).

July, 1845.

WY]

LL V¥

CROSSOPTILON
auritum. (fall) Hodges

MCZ LIBRARY
BARVARD UNIVERSITY
CAMBRIDGE. MA USA

125

Su Oe

oe,
Be: Ly LF
Ca PPD
Se CRS Doe iz, »
- » CAS IN Yes me
See? ais a eee
AY ) ; |
me oS
y Hor AG)

pie e

gq YT AZ OT a 1 a 7 A = =
2 POLYPLECTRON Hardwick. 4. CROSSC

1. PAVO cristatus. 2. P muticus

MCZ*LIBRARY
HARVARD UNIVERSITY
CAMBRIDGE. MA USA

Order V. GALLIN &. Family II. Pxastanipa.

The second Subfamily,
PHASIANIN &, or Pueasants,

have the Tail more or less lengthened, greatly cuneated, and composed of narrow and cuneated feathers.

Arcus T'emm.*

Bill as long as the head, much compressed on the sides, with the base straight, and the tip vaulted
and curved ; the nostrils lateral, placed in a large nasal groove, and the opening partly closed by a
membrane. Wings short and rounded, with the seventh and eighth quills the longest ; the secondaries
much longer than the quills, especially those of the male. Tail long and compressed, with the two
middle feathers much lengthened and attenuated. Tarsi longer than the middle toe, slender, and without
spurs, the front covered with transverse scales. Toes long, the anterior ones united at the base by a
membrane, the outer toe longer than the inner, and the hind toe short and elevated; the claws short,
compressed, and slightly curved. The head and neck partly naked, and covered only with scattered

hairs.

The magnificent type of this genus is found in the dense forests of the Indian Archipelago, where it lives in pairs.

A. giganteus Temm. — Phasianus argus Linn. ; Argus pavonicus Vieil/. Gal. des Ois. t. 203.

Puastanus Linn.t

Bill moderate, strong, elevated and straight at the base, vaulted and slightly arched at the tip,
which conceals that of the lower mandible ; the nostrils basal, lateral, placed in a nasal groove, and the
opening partly closed by a membrane. Wangs short and rounded, with the first quills equally narrowed
towards their tips, and the fourth and fifth the longest. Zazl more or less lengthened, and much
cuneated, and the end of each feather attenuated. Tarsz the length of the middle toe, robust, and
covered in front with broad scales which are divided in the middle; the male armed with a strong spur.
Toes moderate, strong; the base united by a membrane, and the outer toe longer than the inner; the
hind toe short and elevated ; the claws short, strong, and slightly curved.

The mountainous districts of Asia extending even to Japan are the native countries of these birds, but some of the
species have become naturalised in the temperate parts of Europe. They are found lying concealed during the day in

the jungles, thick covers, or long grass, living in divided societies of each sex. Towards the spring they separate into
families consisting of a male and several females, and the party generally takes possession of a certain locality, from

* Established by M. Temminck in 1815 (Hist. Nat. Pig. & Gall. iii. 678.).
+ Established by Linneus in 1748 (Systema Nature). It includes Syrmaticus of Wagler (1832).

PHASIANIN &.

which the commander is very particular in driving away all male intruders. When suddenly disturbed they endeavour
to escape by rapid running, rather than by flight, which is however quick, sustained only for a short distance, and
noisy when first started. Various kinds of grains and insects form their principal food; these are usually sought for at
sunset. They also seek for bulbous roots, which are obtained by means of their bill and feet, however deeply they
may be buried in the earth. The eggs, which are generally ten in number, are usually deposited amongst the long
grass or other herbage, without any kind of nest.

1. P. colchicus Linn, PI. enl. 121, 122. 4, P. Wallichii (Hardw.) Linn, Trans. xv. pl.— Phasianus Stacei
2. P. forquatus Gmel. Gray, IL Ind, Zool. pl. — Phasianus albo- | Vigors, Gould’s Cent. of Birds, pl.
torquatus Bonn. 5. P. Semmeringii Temm. PI. col. 487.
3. P. versicolor Vieill. Gal. des Ois, t,205.— Phasianus Diardi 6. P. Reevesii Gray, Ill. Ind. Zool. pl.— Phasianus veneratus
Temm. PI. col. Temm. Pl. col. 458. ; Type of Syrmaticus Wagl. (1832).

TuaumaLea Wagl.*

The various characters like those of Phasianus, except that the head is furnished with a crest of long
slender feathers, and from the occiput springs a series of lengthened feathers which form a tippet round
the back part of the neck.

These splendid birds inhabit the mountainous districts of China and Thibet.

1. T. picta(Linn.) Wagl. PI. enl. 217. | 2. T. Amherstie (Leadb.) Wagl. Linn. Trans, xvi. pl. 15.

* It was in 1832 that Wagler established this genus (Isis, 1832). Chrysolophus of Mr. Gray (1833 or 1834) and Epomis of Mr
Hodgson (1844) are synonymous.

October, 1845,

[gpa ) wistoymMey
VATEWHEHL

UNO] IEE, Ss fepUBULTTYy

= < a7 NINWIS Wildl

cx
edd
>on
aoe
Be
OS u
aS
Ny =
Og &
=P>e
=.
ZO

PLA SILAIN IN 2. 195

Mis

Ean
Sel]

ir

ay

C Hullmandel's Patent Inthotnt

] ARGUS giganteus. 2. THAUMALEA picta 2 PHASIANUS torquatus

MCZ LIBPARY

‘HARVARD UNIVERSITY

CAMBRIDGE. MA USA

Order V. GALLIN. Family ILL. Puastanipa.

The third Subfamily,

GALLIN &, or Juncie Fowts,

have the Bill moderate, with the apical half vaulted and arched to the tip, which is obtuse; the Nostrils
placed in a large membranous groove, with the opening large, nearly semicircular, and protected by a
scale ; the Wings moderate, concave, much rounded, with the secondaries the length of the quills, ample,
and broad; the Tail compressed, and generally arched ; the Tarsi longer than, or as long as, the middle
toe, robust, and armed with a spur ; the Toes long, and the front ones united at their base by a membrane.

GatLoruasis Hodgs.*

Bill moderate, strong, elevated at the base, with the culmen sloping, and the apical half vaulted and
arched to the tip, which is obtuse; the sides compressed, and the lateral margins arched; the nostrils
placed in a large membranous groove, with the opening large and covered by a scale. Wings moderate,
concave, and much rounded ; with the fourth, fifth, sixth, and seventh quills nearly equal, and longest ;
the secondaries ample and broad. Tail and coverts ample; the sides compressed, and arched towards
the end, or straight and even. Tarsi lengthened, much longer than the middle toe, strong, and covered
before and behind with broad divided scales ; the inner side, near the hind toe, furnished with a strong
lengthened spur. Toes moderate, the middle one long, and the lateral ones unequal; all the anterior
ones united at the base by a membrane; the hind toe short, and slightly elevated; the claws short and
curved. The sides of the head covered by a bare skin, which ends in round wattles at the base of the
lower mandible.

These birds are found in the immense primeval forests of the continent of India and its archipelago. They are
usually seen in the close brushwoods that cover the precipitous and rugged gorges of the elevated mountains; but some
species prefer the more level ground. It is generally in coveys of four to eight individuals that they are noticed;
when alarmed, they do not take wing, but endeavour to hide among the covers, where they run with great rapidity.
The note uttered by these birds is a subdued melancholy cluck. Their food consists chiefly of seeds, wild berries, roots,
insects, &c.

1. G. ignitus (Shaw), Macartn. Emb. China, pl. 13., Shaw’s Nat. | 6. G. Horsfieldii G. R. Gray. — Phasianus Lathami Gray, in
Misc. pl. 321. — Gallus Macartneyi Temm. ; Phasianus rufus Raff. | Griff. An. Kingd. iii. 26. ?

2. G. Vieilloti G. R. Gray. — Gallus ignitus Vieil/. Gal. des Ois. 7. G. erythrophthalmos (Raffl.) Linn. Trans. xiii, $21.
t. 207., Ency. Méth. Ois. t. 237. f. 2.; Euplocamus ignitus Gray, | 8. G. pyronotus G. R. Gray. — Euplocamus erythrophthalmos
Ill. Ind. Zool. ii. pl. 39. Gray, Ul. Ind. Zool. ii. pl. 38.

3. G. Nycthemerus (Linn.) Pl. enl. 123, 124. — Nycthemerus 9. G. purpureus (Gray), Ll. Ind. Zool. pl. 42. — Phasianus ery-
argentatus Swains.; Phasianus lineatus Jard. & Selby, Ill. Orn. | throphthalmos 9 Raff.

i. 5. pl. 12. 10. G. muthura (Gray), Griff. An. Kingd. iii. p. 27.
4, G. lineatus (Lath. MS.) Proc. Z. 8. 1831. 24, — Phasianus 11. G. Crawfurdii (Gray), Griff. An. Kingd. iii. p. 27.
Reynaudi Less. Bélang. Voy. Ind. Orien. Zool. t. 8, 9. 12. G. fasciatus (M‘Clell.) Cale. Journ. of Nat. Hist. i. 144.
5. G. leucomelanos ( Lath.) — Phasianus Hamiltoni Gray, in Griff. _ pl. 5.
An. Kingd. iii. p. 26. 27., Ill. Ind. Zool. pl. 41.; Phasianus albo- 13. G. Cuviert (Temm.) Pl. col. 1. — Monaulus melanion Véeill.
cristatus Vigors, Gould’s Cent. of Birds, pl. 66. & 67., Kirkpatr. | Ency. Meth, Ois. t.237. f.1.; Type of Alectrophasis G. R. Gray
Nepaul, pl. p. 132. | (1841).

* Originally established by M. Temminck under the name of Euplocamus, for which, in 1822, Dr. Fleming substituted Lophura. Both
these names having been previously employed, it becomes necessary to adopt Mr. Hodgson’s name of Gallophasis (1827). In 1831, M.
Lesson used Macartneya ; in 1832, Wagler Genneus ; in 1834, Mr. Swainson Nycthemerus ; and in 1836, M. Kaup Spicifer, All these
are coequal with the name employed. It embraces Alectrophasis, which was proposed by me in 1841.

GALLIN As.

Gatuus Linn.*

Bill moderate, strong, with the culmen arched to the tip; the sides compressed ; the nostrils basal,
lateral, placed in a membranous groove, and exposed. Wings short and rounded, with the fourth, fifth,
sixth, and seventh quills nearly equal, and longest. Tail moderate, much compressed on the sides, and
wedge-shaped ; it is covered by the lengthened coyerts, which are gracefully curved. Tarsi long, robust,
armed with a long curved spur, and covered in front with broad divided scales. Toes long, with the
base of the anterior ones united by a membrane ; the lateral ones unequal, the outer one the longest;
the hind toe short, and scarcely elevated. Head surmounted by a fleshy crest ; the cheeks naked, and a
lengthened round wattle from the base on each side of the lower mandible.

The type of the game fowls is a native of the large jungles of the continent of India and its isles. Some are peculiar
to the woods of the lower or level districts, while others are mostly seen in the woods on the sides of the mountains.
During the day they are generally observed on the borders, and on the least alarm conceal themselves within the wood

or jungle. Various seeds, fruits of the forest trees, larva, &c., are their chief food. The nidification is performed on
the ground in a large nest, composed of fine herbs and grasses.

1. G. Bankiva Temm.— Phasianus Gallus Gmel. ; Tetrao ferru- | Scop. Sonn. Voy. Ind. t. 94, 95. ; Gallus Stanleyi Gray, Il. Ind.
gineus Gmel. Lath. Gen, Syn. pl. 66., Jard. & Selby Ill. Orn, pl. Zool. pl. 43. f. 2.; Phasianus indicus Leach, Zool. Misc. pl. 61.
139.; Gallus Gallorum Less. Gray Ill. Ind. Zool. pl. 43. f. 3.; 6. G. Lafayettii Less.

Type of the domestic varieties. 7. ? G. ecaudatus (Linn.) Temm, Rees’s Encycl. Orn. pl. 5. f. 3.
2. G. eneus Cuy. Temm. PI. col. 374. 8. G. giganteus Temm. Gray’s Ill. Ind. Zool. pl. 44, 45.
8. G. Anstrutheri Gray, Griff. An, Kingd. iii. p. 21. 9. G. morio (Linn.) Temm.
4. G. varius (Shaw), Shaw’s Nat. Mise. pl. 359-— Gallus java- | 10. G. Janatus (Linn.) Temm. PI. enl. 28. ? Rees’s Encycl. Orn,
nicus Horsf. ; G. furcatus Temm. Pl. col. 433., Gray Ill. Ind. Zool. | pl. 5. f. 4.
pl. 43. f. 1. 11. G. crispus (Linn.) Temm. Rees’s Encycl. Orn. pl. 6. f. 15.

ft

5. G. Sonneratii Temm. PI. col. 232, 233.— Phasianus Gallus , 16.

Creriornis Swains. +

Bill short and thick, with the culmen much arched to the tip, which is obtuse; the sides compressed ;
the nostrils basal, lateral, oval, and naked. Wings ample, and very concave, with the fourth, fifth, sixth,
and seventh quills the longest. Tazl ample and rounded. Tarsi the length of the middle toe, robust,
and covered in front by broad divided scales. Toes long, the lateral ones unequal ; the front ones united
at the base by a membrane, the hind toe moderate and slightly elevated ; the claws long and curved.
Head furnished with a long horn over each eye ; and beneath the throat two short naked spaces, which
are capable of expansion into wattles.

These birds are peculiar to the deep and gloomy pine forests of the elevated mountains of the central parts of the
Asiatic continent. They are solitary and very difficult to be approached, and are only discovered by their shrill
whistle. It requires three years for the male birds to obtain their full plumage; the very young birds are like the
female parent. ‘The first change takes place in the neck; the second moult produces a further alteration, and extends
on the breast, which will point out the males of the coveys; the horns and throat-appendage are not attained till the
third year. These appendages are most prominent during the spring season, and at other times so much diminished in
size as to be quite invisible. When expanded, they are of a most brilliant scarlet varied with vivid purple, sky blue,
and green. Grains, roots, and larv of ants and other insects, form the principal food of these birds.

1. C. Lathami (Gray), Ill. Ind. Zool. pl. 51. — Meleagris Satyra |; Zool. pl. 46, 47, 48.— Tragopan Hastingsii Vigors, Gould’s Cent.
Linn. Edwards's Birds, pl. 116., Pl. col. 543, 544. ; Satyra Pen- | of B. pl. 63, 64, & 65.; Satyra nipalensis Gray, in Griff. An
nantii Gray, lll. Ind. Zool. pl. 49., Gould’s Cent. of B. pl. 62., | Kingd. iii. p. 29., Illustrations of Ind. Zool. ii. pl. 40. ; P. castaneus
Vieill. Gal. des Ois. t. 206. Gray. ?

2. C, melanocephala (Gray), Griff. An. Kingd. iii. 29., Ill. Ind. 3. C. Temminckii (Gray), Ul. Ind. Zool. pl. 50.

* Established by Linneus in 1744.
+ Established by M. Lesson (Dict. Sc. Nat. lix. p. 196.), in 1828, under the name of Satyra; and, in the same year, Cuvier proposed
Tragopan. In 1837, Mr. Swainson substituted in their place Ceriornis ; both the former names having been previously used.

January, 1845.

Moy) npprsAaopy
SANWODOTAIAA

UP ere a

MCZ LIBRARY
HARVARD UNIVERSITY
CAMBRIDGE. MA USA

Order V. GALLIN#. Family III. Paastanim

The fourth Subfamily,
MELEAGRINA, or Turkeys,

have the Tail more or less short and pendent. The head and neck denuded of plumes, or only covered

with scattered hairs, or carunculated ; the base of the lower mandible sometimes wattled.

Meteacris Linn.*

Bill moderate, strong ; the sides compressed, and the culmen arched to the tip, which overlaps that
of the lower mandible ; the nostrils lateral, basal, pierced in the membrane of the nasal groove. Wings
short, rounded, with the first four quills graduated, and the fifth and sixth the longest. Til moderate,
broad, and rounded. Tarsi robust, much longer than the middle toe, covered in front with broad
divided scales, and armed with a short obtuse spur. Toes moderate, the anterior ones united at their
base by a membrane, the inner toe rather shorter than the outer, the hind toe moderate and elevated:

the claws short and slightly curved.

The wandering habits of the birds that compose this genus occasion them to be found in the forests, open tracts, or
prairies of various parts of the northern continent of America. The males live in small societies of ten to a hundred,
and seek their food apart from the females, who are occupied in watching and feeding their young, and concealing them
from the attacks of the males; but should the separate parties after a time meet on some ground where their favourite
food is very abundant, they all intermix and partake of the repast. Their movements from place to place in
quest of food are entirely performed on foot ; even when suddenly surprised they more usually trust to their legs than
their wings, running with very great velocity. Should their progress be impeded by rivers, while quietly seeking their
food, after considerable delay they ascend to the tops of the neighbouring trees, and, at the cluck of the leader, they
launch into the air for the opposite shore. They then scatter themselves over the newly acquired ground, seeking the
various kinds of food which serve for their subsistence. These consist of maize, all sorts of berries, buds, fruits, insects,
tadpoles, young frogs, and lizards, but the acorn is their favourite food. The nest is placed in a dry spot, under
the side of a log, or beneath the shelter of a thicket ; it consists of a slight hollow scratched in the ground, and lined
with a few withered leaves. The eggs are usually from fourteen to fifteen in number. While laying, the female
always approaches the nest with great caution, varying her course at almost every visit, and often concealing the eggs
entirely by covering them with leaves. As soon as the young have emerged from the shell and have begun to run
about, the parent by her cluck, calls them around her, and watches with redoubled suspicion the approach of their
enemies.

1. M. gallopavo Linn. Pl. enl. 97., Pr. Bonap. Am. Orn. pl. 9.— 2, M. ocellata Temm. PI. col. 112. — Meleagris aurea Viei/7.
Meleagris sylvestris Vieill.; Gallopavo sylvestris Cateshy, Gal. des |
Ois. t. 201., Audub. B. of Amer. pl. 1. 6.

* Established by Linneus in 1735 (Systema Nature) ; while, in 1752, Meehring gave the name of Cenchramus to this genus.

MELEAGRIN 2.

Numipa Linn.*

Bill moderate ; the sides compressed, and the culmen arched to the tip, which hangs over that of the
lower mandible, and the lateral margins smooth and curved ; the nostrils large, oval, and partly covered
bya membrane. Wings moderate, with the first four quills graduated, and shorter than the fifth, which
is the longest. Tail short and pendent. Yars? longer than the middle toe, covered in front with broad
divided seales. Toes moderate, the anterior ones united by a membrane at their base, the inner toe
shorter than the outer, and the hind toe rather short and elevated: the claws short and very slightly

curved.

The birds that compose this genus are peculiar to the continent of Africa, where they frequent the woods that
border the rivers, in large flocks of two or three hundred individuals, scattering themselves in search of their food, which
consists of small grains, grasshoppers, ants, and other kinds of insects. When alarmed, they usually seek to escape by
quick running, rather than by flight. The eggs are numerous, and are deposited in a slightly formed nest, which is
usually concealed in a thicket or bush.

1. N. meleagris Linn, PI. enl. 108. — Numida galeata Pall.; N. | 4. N. vulturina Hardw. Proc. Z. 8. 1834. 52., Gould, Icones,

Rendallii Ogilby ; N. maculipennis Swains. pl. — Type of Acryllium G. R. Gray (1840).
2, N. mitrata Pall. Spic. Zool. iv. t. 3. f. 1. 5. N. eristata Pall. Spicil. Zool. t. 2., Gal. des Ois. t. 209. —
3. N. ptilorhyncha Licht. Less. Ornith. p. 498. Type of Guttera Wagl. (1832).

* Established by Linneus in 1766 (Systema Natura). It includes Guttera of Wagler (1832), and Acryllium proposed by me
(1840).

November, 1845.

CAXVIIT

a /]
AS

N

I

GIR

as

& Walton

Lulimea:

WIDA

AV Os
piilorhyncha

Chl

7

7
74 , a ° a
rae bi Lia as)

A and

i

MELEAGRIN .

ED
> ale SP pe
ro OU), oy,
PEAY IR

ay

C Hulkmandel’s Patent Hithonnt

|. MELEAGRIS gallopavo 2. NUMIDA meleagris

Order V. GALLIN &. Family III. Prastanipz.

The fifth Subfamily,

LOPHOPHORIN &, or Monauts,

have the Bill moderate, broad at the base, and the tip of the upper mandible projecting over the lower ;
the Nostrils partly exposed, and partly covered with feathers and a membranous shield; the Wings
moderate; the Tail ample; the Tarsi short, strong, and covered with divided shields; the Toes
lengthened, and the lateral ones united with the middle one ; the Claws short and curved. Lores
clothed with small feathers.

Loruornorus Temm.*

Bill strong, long, broad at the base, and somewhat depressed, the upper mandible much curved over
the lower, with the culmen and lateral margins arched; the nostrils basal, lateral, and partly hidden by
a plumed membrane and a membranous covering. Wings with the first three quills equally graduated,
and shorter than the fourth and fifth, which are the longest. Tazl ample and rounded. Tarsi the
length of the middle toe, strong and scutellated in front, with divided broad scales ; the males armed
with a short spur. Toes lengthened, the lateral ones equal and united at the base with the middle toe ;
the hind toe elevated and short ; the claws moderate and curved.

The single species of this genus is a most abundant bird in the inner ranges of the Himalayah Mountains. These
birds are said to take wing rapidly down the Khad, uttering a loud and musical whistle, which they quickly repeat
during their descent, until they again alight. They are very fond of perching themselves on the top of some bare rock
or stone, and from thence survey the ground around them. In the morning and evening, while feeding, it is difficult to
get near them, as they are very wary; but the best time to shoot them is during the heat of the day, when they are
lazily reposing among the brushwood covers and are unwilling to rise, thus allowing the sportsmen to come near enough
to make pretty certain of bringing these splendid birds down. It is generally readily known whether they are in any
particular localities, by noticing the holes that they have made in the ground in search of their food, which consists
of bulbous roots and insects. The males are three years in attaining ther showy plumage, being, when first fledged,
scarcely to be distinguished from the female.

L. Impeyanus (Lath.) Vieill. Gal. des Ois. t. 201. — Phasianus curvirostris Shaw, Lev. Mus. pl. p. 103. ; Lophophorus refulgens Temm.
Pl. col. 507. 513., Gould’s Cent. of Birds, pl. 60, 61.

TETRAOGALLUS Gray.t

Bill moderate, broad at the base, with the culmen arched to the tip, which overlaps that of the lower

mandible, the sides compressed, and the lateral margins straight, but curved close to the tip; the nostrils

* Established in 1815 (Pig. et Gall. iii. p. 673.) by M. Temminck. In 1816, Vieillot proposed Monaulus ; in 1822, Dr. Flemming
Lophofera ; and, in 1831, M. Lesson Impeyanus. These were all founded on the same species.

+ Established by Mr. J. E. Gray in (1833-1834) the Illustrations of Indian Zooloyy. Megaloperdix of M. Gebler and Chourtha of
M. Motschoulsky (1839) are coequal with the one employed.

LOPHOPHORIN A.

large, and covered by a membrane, with the opening semicircular. Wings moderate and pointed, with
the second and third quills the longest. Tail ample and rounded. Tarsi rather shorter than the middle
toe, and covered in front with broad divided scales. Toes long, the lateral ones united to the middle
one and nearly equal, the hind toe very short and hardly elevated; and the claws moderate and curved.

These birds are peculiar to the Himalayah, Altai, and the mountains of Persia, and are only found on, or in close
proximity to, the snowy range, where they are extremely difficult to procure. They are said, on the sight of a man, to
warn the goats, &e., feeding on the mountains, of their danger, by a curious whistling note. I have been further
informed that they feed only on grass, on which they become very fat.

T. caucasicus (Pall.) Zoogr. 1. 76. t.* —Lophophorus Nigellii | Zool. pl.; T.himalayensis G. R. Gray; Megaloperdix altaica Gebler ;
Jord. & Selby, UW. t. 76. & 141.; Tetraogallus Nigellii Gray, Ind. | Chourtha alpina Motsch. Bull. de la Soc. Imp. Moscou, 1839. t. 8.

Pucrasia.t

Bill short, broader at the base than high, the culmen much arched to the tip, which curves over the
lower mandible; the sides compressed towards the tip, the lateral margins arched; the nostrils small
and mostly concealed by the projecting plumes and a membranous covering. Wings moderate, with the
fourth quill longest, and the third and fifth equal. Tai long, and much wedge-shaped. Tarsi as long
as the middle toe, somewhat slender, and covered in front with large divided scales. Toes lengthened,
the lateral ones united at the base to the middle one and unequal, the hind toes short and elevated ; and

the claws moderate and curved.

This species is peculiar to the Himalayah Mountains, but its habits and manners have not been observed, except that
it is the swiftest in flight, and the most delicious in taste, of the Himalayah pheasants.

P. maerolopha (Less.) G. R. Gray, Dict. Se. Nat. 1818. 59. p. 196. | Gould’s Cent. of Birds, pl. 69, 70.; Tragopan Duvaucelii Temm.
— Phasianus Pucrasia Gray, An. Kingd. vii. 610., Ill. Ind. Zool. pl. | Pl. col. 545.

+ This division was originally established under the generic name of Eulophus, by M. Lesson (Compl. Buff. viii. 354.), in 1837 ; but, that
word having been previously employed in Zoology, I changed it to the above in 1841.

November, 1844.

‘OP VLOIRION.AS .

TETRAOGA LLOS
Gaucasicus. (Fall )

MCZ LIBRARY ;
HARVARD UNIVERSITY 2
CAMBRIDGE. MA USA fo ;

r fo
JAG «

OJP LO JP lst O IRIUN

| wo \ r/ .
ae I)

“UNIVERSITY
DGE. MA USA

MCZ LIBRARY

HARVARD
CAMBRID

Order V. GALLIN 2.

The fourth Family,
TETRAONID A, or Grousr,

have the Bill more or less long, broad at the base, and the sides compressed, with the culmen arched to
the tip, which is obtuse ; the nostrils basal, lateral, sometimes covered with feathers, or protected with
a naked hard scale ; the Wings short and rounded ; the Tail more or less lengthened and rounded; the
Tarsi strong, sometimes clothed with plumes, or naked and scutellated; the hind toe moderate and

elevated.

The first Subfamily,
PERDICINA, or Partrinces,

have the margins of the Bill entire, and the Nostrils protected by a naked hard scale; the Tarsi long,

naked, covered in front with divided scales, and sometimes armed with spurs or blunt tubercles.

IrHacinis Wagl.*

Gill short, more or less slender, broad at the base, and compressed on the sides towards the tip,
which is obtuse, the apical half of the upper mandible vaulted and curved; the nostrils basal, lateral,
and covered by a large hard membranous scale. Wings moderate and rounded, with the fourth, fifth,
and sixth quills the longest. TZazl lengthened, broad, and much rounded. Tari long, armed with two,
or sometimes three spurs. Toes long, united at the base, with the outer toe longer than the inner, and

transversely scaled above; the hind toe long; the claws long and slightly curved.

It is on the Himalayah mountains of Northern India, that the species are found, living among the thick brushwood
of the Ghauts, and rarely seen on the wing, or perched on trees.

1. I. cruentus (Hardw.) Linn. Trans. xiii. 237., Temm. PI. col. 3. I. madagascariensis (Scop.) — Tetrao spadiceus Gmel. Gray,
332. — Phasianus Gardneri Hardw. Linn. Trans. xv. 166. Ill. Ind. Zool. ii. pl. 42. f. 2.; Plectrophora (Polyplectron) Northis
2. I. lunulatus (Valenc.) — Perdix Hardwickii Gray, in Griff. | Gray, Ill. Ind. Zool. ii. pl. 43. f. 1.
An. Kingd. iii. p. 48., Il]. Ind. Zool. pl. 52.; Francolinus nivosus |
De Less. Mag. de Zool. 1840. Ois. t. 18.

Pritopacuus Swains.t

Bill small, slender, elevated, and broad at the base; the sides much compressed to the tip; the

apical half of the culmen arched ; the nostrils lateral, basal, and covered by a hard membranous scale.

* Wagler established this genus in 1832 (Isis, p. 1228.). It is coequal with Plectrophora of Mr. Gray (1833-1834.),
+ Established by Mr. Swainson in 1837 (Class. of Birds, ii. p. 344.).

PERDICIN At.

- — SSS SSS

Wings moderate and rounded, with the fourth, fifth, and sixth quills equal and longest. Tail long,
broad, and rounded. Tursi shorter than the middle toe, not spurred, covered in front with large
divided scales, and not armed with spurs. Toes moderate, with the anterior ones united at their base ;

the lateral toes nearly equal; the hind toe short ; the claws moderate, and slightly curved.
This type is peculiar to Western Africa.

P. ventralis (Valenec.) Jard. & Selby, Ill, Orn. n. s. pl. 16.— | rhynehus Swains. ; Petrogallus fuscus Gray.
Perdix fusca Vieill, Gal, des Ois. t. 212.— Ptilopachus erythro-

Francouinus Steph.*

Bill more or less long, with the culmen at the base dividing the frontal plumes, and the apical half

arched to the tip, which is obtuse, and sometimes advancing much over that of the lower mandible; the
sides compressed ; the nostrils lateral, basal, the opening placed in a nasal groove, and covered by a hard
rounded scale. Wings moderate and rounded, with the third, fourth, and fifth quills the longest.
Tuil short, sometimes nearly concealed by the coverts. Tarsz strong, as long as, or shorter than, the
middle toe, armed in the males with a spur or tubercle on each leg. Toes more or less long, the fore
toes united at their base by a membrane, with the lateral ones nearly equal, the outer rather the longest ;

the hind toe short ; the claws moderate, and slightly curved.

The species are found in the warmer parts of the Old World, especially the continent of Africa. Some prefer the
open plains covered with tufts of rank grass and low bushes; these do not usually roost in trees. Others more
generally seek the woody localities, where they are observed perched on the branches among the foliage, or on the
decayed branches of trees near the margins of rivers. When alarmed, they seek concealment in the low bushes or
brushwood, in the densest parts of the jungles, where they remain till the cause of their fright has disappeared. Should
such hiding-places not be near, then they endeayour to escape by running, which they perform with considerable speed,
and only take wing when hard pressed. Bulbous roots, grain, and insects, form their principal food, with which they
mix a quantity of gravel. Their feeding time is early in the morning, and again in the evening.

1. Fr. vulgaris Steph. — Tetrao francolinus Linn. Pl. enl. 147, | 11. Fr. Clappertoni (Childr.) Denh. & Clapp. Nar. N. & C. Afr.
148. — Perdix Hepburnii Gray, Ill. Ind. Zool. pl. 55. | App.
2. Fr. pictus (Jard. & Selby) Ill. Orn. pl. 50. | 12. Fr. Ruppellii G. R. Gray. — Perdix Clappertoni, Atlas Zool.
3. Fr. perlatus (Gmel.) Steph. Gal. des Ois. t. 213. — Perdix | t.9.
maculata Gray, Zool. Misc. ; P. sinensis Spalowsk, Vog. t. 81. | 13. Fr. gariepensis A. Smith, Ill. Zool. S. Afr. Birds, pl. 83, 84.
4. Fr. ponticerianus (Gmel.) Temm. Pl. col. 213. — Perdix ori- 14, Fr. gutturalis Riipp. Faun. Abyss. p. 13., Ornith. Faun. von
entalis Gray, ll. Ind. Zool. pl. 56. f. 2. | Nord-Ost. Afr. t. 40.
5. Fr. thoracicus (Temm.) Pig. et Gal. iii. 335. 15. Fr. natalensis A. Smith, Ill. Zool. S. Afr. Birds, pics
6. Fr. gularis (Temm.) Pig. et Gal. iii. 401., Gray, Ill. Ind. | Francolinus Lechoho A. Smith.
Zool. pl. 56. f. 1.— Perdix monogrammica Valence. ? , 16. Fr. afer, (Lath.) Temm.
7. Fr. Charitonii (Eyton) Ann. Nat. Hist. 1845. p. 230. | 17. Fr. capensis (Gmel.) Forst. Desc. Anim. p. 400., Icon. ined.
8. Fr. bicalearatus (Linn.) Pl. enl. 137. — Perdix senegalensis | 135., Less. Tr. d’Orn. t. 87. f. 2.
Briss. ; P. Adansoni Temm. | 18. Fr. adspersus Waterh. Alex. App. Exp. of Disc. ii. 267.
9. Fr. Erkelii (Riipp.) Faun. Abyss. t. 6. 19. Fr. subtorquatus A. Smith, Ill. Zool. S. Afr. Birds, pl. 15. —
10. Fr. Le Vaillantii (Valenc.) PI. col. 477. Perdix Coqui A. Smith, Rep. S. Afr. Exp.

* It was in 1819, that Mr. Stephens established this genus (General Zoology, ix. p. 303.). Chetopus (1837) of Mr. Swainson, and
Attagen (1840) of Count Keyserling and Dr. Blasius are synonymous. It embraces Pternistis (1832) of Wagler, and Rliaotierk
(1841) of G. R. Gray.

4B

PERDICIN A.

20. Fr. pileatus A. Smith, Ill. Zool. 8. Afr. Birds, pl. 14. —
Perdix sephena A. Smith, Rep. S. Afr. Exp.

21. Fr. concentricus Gray, Ll. Ind. Zool. pl. 53.

22. Fr. sphenurus (Gray) Zool. Mise. p. 2.

23. Fr. nudicollis (Gmel.) — Type of Pternistis Wagl. (1832).

24. Fr. rubricollis (Ripp.) Pl. enl. 180., Riipp. Zool. Atlas,
t. 00:

25. Fr. Swainsoni A. Smith, Ill. Zool. S. Afr. Birds, pl. 12.

26. Fr. Cranchii (Leach), Tuck. Voy. Congo, App. p. 408. —
Perdix punctulata Gray, Ill. Ind. Zool. ii. pl. 43. f. 2.

27. Fr. longirostris Temm. Gray, Ill. Ind. Zool. ii. pl. 45. f. 2.
— Tetrao curvirostris Raff.; Type of Rhizothera G. R. Gray
(1841).

Perpix Briss.*

Bill short, broad at the base, with the sides compressed, and the apical half curved and vaulted; the

nostrils basal, lateral, and covered by a hard rounded scale.

third, fourth, and fifth quills longest,

moderate, and covered in front with divided scales, without spurs or tubercles.

Tail short, and greatly concealed by the coverts.

Wings moderate and rounded, with the
Tarsi

Toes long, with the

inner toe shorter than the outer; the hind toe short and slender; the claws moderate and slightly

curved.

The species of this genus are peculiar to the temperate parts of the Old World, remaining sedentary in some places,

and in others migrating regularly according to the season.
are found in the forests, and are occasionally seen perched on the branches of the trees.
their food during the early portion of the morning, and again before the sun disappears.

Some species frequent the cultivated lands, while others
They search the ground for
It consists of grain, seeds,

bulbous roots, and insects. They generally form for their nest a slight hollow on the ground, beneath a tuft of grass or

brushwood, and sometimes in cultivated fields.

1. P. cinerea (Linn.) Lath. Pl. enl. 27. 136. — Perdix damas-
cena Briss. ; Tetrao montana Gmel.

2. P. gingica (Gmel.) Lath.

3. P. oculea Temm. Pig. & Gal. iii. 408.

4. P. madagascariensis (Scop.) Sonn. Voy. Ind. t. 97.— Tetrao

pintadeanus Scop. Sonn. Voy. Ind. t. 98.; T. striatus Gmel. 1G

col. 82.

5. P. torqueola (Valenc.) — Perdix olivacea Gray, Griff. An.
Kingd. iii, p. 54., Ill. Ind. Zool. pl. 57.; P. megapodia Temm. 1
col. 462, 463. ; Type of Arborophila Hodgs. (1857).

The eggs are usually twelve to twenty in number.

6. P. javanica (Gmel.) Pl. col. 148., Brown. Ill. Zool. pl. 17.
7. P. personata (Horsf.) Res. Zool. — Perdix orientalis Horsf.

| Linn. Trans. xiii. p. 184.

8. P. ? eruginosus Eyton, Proc. Z. S. 1839. 106.

9. P. ? Realtenii (Mull. & Schl.) Verh. Nat. Gesch. Nederl.
p. 158.

10. P. seutata Gray, Griff. An. Kingd. iii. p. 54.

Corurnix Mehr.t

Bill short, more or less elevated at the base and arched to the tip, which is obtuse; the sides

compressed ; the nostrils basal, lateral, and covered by a hard scale.

third, and fourth quills the longest.

short, covered in front with divided scales and unarmed.

Tail very short, mostly hidden by the coverts, and pendant.

Wings moderate, with the second,
Tarst

Toes moderate, united at their base, with

the inner toe shorter than the outer ; the hind toe short; the claws short, and slightly curved.

* Brisson established this genus in 1760 (Ornithologie, i. p. 219.). It is synonymous with Starna of the Prince of Canino, and embraces
Arborophila of Mr. Hodgson (1837), which name he changed to Arborocola in 1844.

+ It was in 1752, that Meehring established this genus (Aviwm Genera, p. 54.).
It includes Perdicula (1837) of Mr. Hodgson, and Synoiews (1843) of Mr. Gould.

synonymous.

Ortygion (1840) of Count Keyserling and Blasius is

PERDICIN A.

These small birds are scattered in the warmer and temperate parts of the Old World and Australia. They migrate
in large flocks from the temperate countries to the warmer localities on the approach of the cold season. It is in well-
cultivated districts that they are more generally found in pairs, amongst the tufts of grass, near water-courses and
ponds. Some species prefer only rocky places amidst low bushes, others the elevated table lands and slopes of the
mountains, among the tufts of reeds and grass. Their food consists of grain, various kinds of seeds, insects, and worms.
The nest is seratched on the ground in the form of a slight hollow, wherein the female deposits from six to fourteen

cocvs,
565

1. C. communis Bonn, PL enl. 170. — Tetrao coturnix Linn. ;
Coturnix dactylisonans Meyer ; C. europea Swains.; C. vulgaris
Jard. Gould, B. of Eur. pl. 263.
flavipes Blyth, Journ, As. Soc. Beng. xi. p. 808.

9, ( 4
8. C. coromandelica (Gmel.) Bonn. PI. col. 35. — Coturnix tex-
t

me

tilis Z’emm.
4. C. torquata Maud. Ency. Méth. p. 218.
5. C. grisea (Gmel.) Temm.
6. C. cambaiensis (Lath.) —Cryptonix rufus Temm. PI. enl.

447.; Type of Perdicula Hodgs. (1837).
7. C. Asiatica (Lath.).
8. C. Argoondah Sykes, Proc. Z. 8. 1832. p. 153., Trans, Zool.

Soc. ii. pl. 2.

9. ©. rubiginosa (Valenc.) — Coturnix pentah Sykes, Proce. Z. 8.
1832. p. 153., Trans. Zool. Soc. ii. pl. 3., Gray, Il. Ind. Zool. ii. pl.
15. f. 3.

10. C. erythrorhyncha Sykes, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1832. p. 153.,
Trans. Zool. Soc, ii. pl. 1., Gray, Ill. Ind. Zool. ii. pl. 44. f. 2.

11. C. australis (Lath.) Temm, Lamb. Icon. ined. i. 60., Ency.
Méth. t. 237. f. 3., Gould, Syn. of Austr. B. pl. (head) B. of Austr.
pl. ; Type of Synoicus Gould (1843).

12. C. pectoralis Gould, Syn. Austr. B. p. . pl. (head).

13. C. nove zealandie Quoy. et Gaim. Voy. de 1’Astrol. Ois.
t. 14. f. 1., Gould, Syn. Austr. B. pl. (head) Voy. of Ereb. and Terr.
Birds, pl. 8.

14. ©. chinensis (Linn.) Edwards’s Birds, pl. 247. — Tetrao
manillensis Gmel. Sonn. Voy. t. 24., Pl. enl. 126. f. 2.; Coturnix
excalfactoria Temm.; C. sinensis Bonn.

15. C. nove guinee (Gmel.) Sonn. Voy. Ind. ii. t.105.— Oriolus
coturnix Scep.

Roxtuuuius Bonn.*

Bill short, more or less strong, broad at the base, and the sides compressed towards the tip, with the

apical half of the bill arched and vaulted; the nostrils basal, lateral, and covered with a membrane, with

a longitudinal slit. Wings short and rounded, with the third and fourth quills the longest. Tail short,

mostly concealed by the coverts, and pendant. Zarsimuch longer than the middle toe, not armed with

a spur or tubercle, and covered with broad scales divided on the inner side. Zoes moderate, and

united at their base, and the lateral toe nearly equal; the claws moderate and slightly curved; that of

the hind toe wanting.

The species are found only in the Indian Archipelago.

1. R. roulroul (Scop.) Del. Flor. et Faun. Insub.— Columba

cristata Gmel. ; Tetrao porphyrio Shaw ; T. viridis Gmel.; Perdix |

coronata Lath. Pl. col. 350, 351., Gal. des Ois. t. 210.

2. R. niger (Vigors) Zool. Journ. iv. 349.— Cryptonix ferru- |

gineus Vigors, Zool. Journ. iv. 349. ; C. Dussumieri Less. Belang.
Voy. Ind. Or. t.7., Gray, Ill. Ind. Zool. ii. pl. 45. f. 1.

3. R. ocellatus (Raffl.) Linn. Trans. xiii. 322., Gray, Il. Ind.
Zool. pl. 58.

Caccasis Kaup.t

Gill short, with the culmen arched and vaulted to the tip; the sides compressed, and the lateral

margins slightly curved ; the nostrils basal, lateral, and the nasal groove covered with small plumes,

* This genus was published in the Encyclopédie Méthodique by Bonnaterre in 1790. Cryptonyx (1815) of M. Temminck, and Liponyzx

(1816) of Vieillot are synonymous.

+ M. Kaup established this genus in 1829 (Natur. Syst. p. 183.).

in 1844 to Pyctes. It embraces Alectoris of Mr. Kaup (1829).

Chaeura (1837) of Mr. Hodgson is synonymous; this he changed

PERDICIN ©.

leaving the large rounded hard scale naked. Wings moderate and pointed, with the second, third,
fourth, and fifth quills equal and longest. Tal short and slightly rounded. Tuwrsi shorter than the
middle toe, covered in front with divided scales, and armed with a blunt tubercle. Toes long, united at

the base, with the outer one longer than the inner ; the claws moderate and slightly curved.

It is equally in the cultivated, as well as the uncultivated lands, in the plains and in the high mountainous parts of
Europe, Northern Africa, and Asia, that the various species of this genus are found. Some frequent during the
summer the elevated portions of the mountains, and descend towards the valleys on the approach of winter, during
which they become very tame, and enter the villages without fear. Other species prefer the level lands, where they
live throughout the year, migrating from place to place, in search of food ; when alarmed, they usually run for a great
distance before they take to flight, and thereby generally escape the sportsman’s aim. Their food consists of grains,
vegetables, and insects. The female usually deposits her eggs in a tuft of rank grass, or beneath a low bush in barren
places. Others place them on the moss or slender herbage, which covers the rocks or large stones. The eggs are
generally fifteen to eighteen in number.

1. C. rufa (Linn.) PI. enl. 150.— Perdix rubra Briss. Gould, 4. C. melanocephala (Riipp.) Faun. Abyss. t. 5.

B. of Eur. pl. 260. | 5. C. petrosa (Lath.) Edwards’s Birds, pl. 70., Gould, B. of Eur.
2. C. greca (Briss.) Pl. enl. 231.— Perdix saxatilis Bechst.; pl. 261. f. 1.— Type of Alectoris Kaup (1829).
P. rufa Gmel. Gould, B. of Eur. pl. 261. f. 2. 6. C. Heyii (Temm.) Pl. cl. 328, 329.
3. C. chukar (Gray) Griff. An. Kingd. iii. p. 54., Il. Ind. Zool. 7. C. Bonhami G.R. Gray, Ann. Nat. Hist. 1843. p. 372.,
pl. 54., Gould, Cent. of B. t.71.— Chacura pugnax Hodgs. Madr. | Fras. Zool. Typ. pt. 3. pl. —Perdix griseogularis Brandt, Bull. des
Journ. Lit. & Sci. 1837. p. 305. Sci. Petersb. x. p. 27.

Lerwa Hodgs.*

Bill shorter than the head, with the culmen much arched to the tip; the sides dilated, and greatly
covering the lower mandible; the nostrils lateral, basal, small, and covered by a tumid hard scale.
Wings long, with the first four quills nearly equal, and the second and third the longest. Taz
moderate and rounded. Tarsi short, plumed below the knee, and armed with a blunt small spur, and
the remaining part scutellated with divided scales. Toes long, with the lateral one nearly equal, and

the hind toe rather long; the claws long, robust and slightly curved.

The type of this genus is only found in flocks among rocks and low brushwood, close to the permanent snowy range
of the high northern mountains of India. It sustains itself upon the buds and leaves of aromatic plants, and it also feeds
on insects. It is considered the most game-like of all the sporting birds of that region, even when eaten fresh.

L. nivicola Hodgs. — Perdix Lerwa Hodgs. Proc. Z.S. 1833. p.107. Gray, Ill. Ind. Zool. ii. pl. 44. f. 1.

* Established by Mr. Hodgson in 1837 (Madr. Journ. Lit. & Sci. 1837, p.301.). He also used Tetraoperdix for the same type.

January, 1846.

4 :
Lp iis ue a =

VANTITOONV YA

MCZ LIBRARY Pie Dally

HARVARD UNIVERSITY esas 2 an

CAMBRIDGE. MA USA ‘ ut
, ay

Y
IVERSITY
MA USA

MCZ LIBRAR

aan
Lu
~ ©.
28
od t
=o
iz
=O

JP Je

URNE: mim 2 FRANCOLINUSwilégaris. 3. CACCABIS ruta A (PEA DIX cimered
i > Fy rAIN Lili’ vu ai ~) J ts

JON AS . 130

Order V. GALLIN 2. Family [V. Terraonm.

The second Subfamily,
TURNICINA, or Busu Quams,

have the Bill moderate, straight, and the sides compressed to the tip, which slightly overhangs that of
the lower mandible; the Nostrils lateral, and placed ina nasal groove that reaches beyond half the length
of the bill, with the opening linear, and protected by a long scale: the Wings rather short, and rounded:
the Tail short, and almost concealed by the dorsal feathers: the Tarsi moderate and strong: the Toes

usually three in number, long, and free at their base, the outer toe longer than the inner.

Turnix Bonn.*

Gil moderate and straight, with the culmen more or less elevated at the base, but always curved, and
the sides compressed to the tip, which hangs over that of the lower mandible; the gonys moderate and
ascending ; the nostrils lateral, basal, and placed in along groove, with the opening linear and closed by
a scale. Wings rather short ; with the first, second, and third quills equal and longest ; the tertials rather
shorter than the primaries. Zaz short and graduated. Tarsi longer than the middle toe, strong, and
covered in front with transverse scales. Toes long and rather slender; with the outer toe longer than the

inner ; the hind toe wanting ; the claws short, slender, and slightly curved.

These birds are found in the South of Europe, in India and its archipelago, Africa, Madagascar, and Australia ;
frequenting in small parties or in pairs the open places near rivers, or those that are thinly covered with different kinds
of grasses. They usually lie so close to the ground that it is difficult to discover them, but when flushed they make
off with a rapid flight, which is generally only prolonged for a short distance within two or three feet of the surface,
and then they suddenly pitch to the ground and hide among the herbage, or run along with great swiftness until they
consider themselves safe from pursuit. The nest is composed of grasses, placed in a shallow depression of the ground,
under the shelter of a small tuft of grass. The female generally lays four eggs.

1. T. africanus Desfont. Mém, de VAcad. des Sci. 1789. 5. T. maculosus (Temm.) Pig. et Gall. iii. 757. — Turnix ma-
p. 500,— Tetrao andalusicus Gmel.; Hemipodius tachydromus | culatus Vieil/. ; Hemipodius melanotus Goudd, Syn, B. of Austr. pl.,
Temm. Gal. des Ois. t. 217.

2, T. gibraltaricus (Gmel.) Gould, B. of Eur. pl. 264. — He- 6. T. joudera Hodgs. — Turnix tanki Bl. Journ. A. 5. B. xii.

mipodius lunatus Temm. p. 180*? Hemipodius maculosus Temm.? Beng. Sport. Mag.

3. T. nigrifrons (Vieill.) N. Dict. d’Hist. Nat. xxiv. t. G. 36, | 1838. pl. 1. f. 2.
f. 2., Gal. des Ois. t. 217. 7. T. lepurana (A. Smith), Ill. 8. Afr. Zool. Birds, pl.

4. T. Dussumierii (Temm.) Pl. col. 454, f. 2., Beng. Sport. 8. T. pugnaz (Temm.) Pig. et Gall. iii, p. 612., Pl. col. 60.
Mag. 1836, pl. 1. f. 5. — Hemipodius variabilis Hodgs. ey

* Bonnaterre established this genus in 1790 (Encyl. Méthod. p. 5.). Tridactylus of Lacépede (1800—1801), Ortygis Illiger (1811),
Hemipodius of M. Reinwardt (1815), and Ortygodes of Vieillot (1816) are synonymous.

TURNICIN Z&.

9. T. Taigour (Sykes), Proc. Z. 8. 1882. p. 155., Beng. Sport. 16. T. varius (Lath.) Pl. col. 454. f. 1., Gould, Syn. B. of Austr.
f b ] » SY

Mag. 1886. pl. 1. f. 6., Trans. Zool. Soc. ii. pl. 4, — Hemipodius | pl. f. 1.

plumbipes J7odgs. 17. T. melanogaster (Gould), Proc, Z. 8, 1837. p.7., Syn. B. of
10. T. rufus Vieill. Eneye. Méth, i. p. 331. Austr. pl. f. 2.
11. T. atrogularis (Eyton), Proc. ZS. 1839. p. 107. 18. T. velow Gould, Proc. Z. 8. 1840. p. 158., B. of Austr, pl.
12, T. nigricollis (Gmel.) Bonn. Briss, Orn, i, t. 24. f. 2., Pl. 19. T. pyrrhothorax Gould, Proc. Z, 8. 1840. p. 150.

enl. 17). 20. 'T. castanotus Gould, Proc. Z. S$. 1839. p. 145., B. of Austr.

13. T. hottentottus (Temm.) Vieill. Pig. et Gall. iii, p. 557. pl.
7.

14. T. fasciatus (Temm.) Vieill. Pig. et Gall. iii. p. 75
15. T. ocellatus (Scop.) Sonn, Voy. t. 23. — Tetrao luzoniensis | pl.

21. T. seintillans (Gould), Proc. Z.S. 1845. p. ., B. of Austr.

~

22. T. variegatus Vieill. Encyc. Méth. i. 330. t. 232. f. 4.

Gmel. ; Hemipodius thoracicus T’emm.

Pepronomus Gould.*

Bill moderate, straight, and slender, with the apical half rather vaulted, the culmen curved, and the
sides compressed to the tip, which overhangs that of the lower mandible; the gonys long and ascending ;
the nostrils basal, placed in a nasal groove that reaches more than half the length of the bill, with the
opening linear and covered by a long scale, which is partly covered by small plumes. Wings moderate ;
with the first and second quills equal and longest ; the tertials longer than the quills. Tail very short,
and generally concealed by the dorsal plumes. Tarsi as long as the middle toe, strong, and covered in
front with transverse scales; the tibia naked of feathers above the knee. Toes long ; with the outer toe

longer than the inner, rather slender ; the hind toe elevated, very slender, slightly resting on the ground;
the claws short and curved.

The typical species of this division is found in the interior of South Australia, inhabiting the extensive and arid
plains.

P. torquatus Gould, Proc. Z. 8. 1840. p. 114. — Pedionomus microurus Gould, Proc. Z. S. 1842. p. 20., B. of Austr. pl.

OrtyxeExos Vieill.+

Bill moderate, straight, and very slender, with the culmen curved, and the sides compressed to the tip,
which slightly overhangs that of the lower mandible ; the gonys short and ascending; the nostrils lateral,
and placed in along nasal groove, with the opening linear and closed by a membrane. Wings moderate ;
with the third quill the longest, and the first and second graduated and pointed at the ends. Taz
moderate and rounded; with the ends of the feathers rather acute. Tarsi longer than the middle toe,
slender, and covered in front with transverse scales. Toes moderate; with the outer toe longer than the

inner, and the hind toe wanting; the claws short and curved.
The type of this genus is found in Western Africa.

O. Meiffrenii Vieill. N. Dict. d’Hist. Nat. xxxix. p. 49., Ency. Méth, t. 239, f. 1., Gal. des Ois. t. 300., Pl. col. 60. f. 1.—
Hemipodius nivosus Swains. Zool. Ill. pl. 163.

* Mr. Gould established this genus in 1840 (Proc. Z. S. 1840, p. 114.). M. O. Desmurs changed this name to Turnicigralla in 1845.
7 Established by Vieillot in 1825 (Galerie des Oiseaux).

February, 1847.

Sk YP OPT VAPPNO L
NIN Y/LL

ay NIDIN WO dh

TO IRNIGIUNAE. 131

1. TURNIX luzoniensis. 2. ORTYXELOS Meiffreni. 3 PEDIONOMUS torquatus

MCZ LISRARY
HARVARD UNIVERSITY = 4
CAMBRIDGE. MA USA i —s.
‘ 2 -

a

Order V. GALLIN &. | Family IV. Terraonipz.

The third Subfamily,

ODONTOPHORINA, or American Partrinces,

have the Bill short, more or less compressed on the sides, and the culmen generally elevated at the base,
and arched to the tip, which is obtuse, and prolonged over that of the lower mandible; the latter is
bidentated on each side; the nostrils basal, and placed in a short and rounded groove, with the opening
covered by a membranous scale; the Wings moderate, concave, and rounded; the Tail more or less
long, broad, and rounded; the Tarsi generally slender, long, and covered by divided scales; the Toes

long, and the inner shorter than the outer toe ; the Claws moderate, slightly curved, and acute.

~~

OpontopHorus Vieill.*

Lill short, with the culmen much arched, and the sides much compressed to the tip, which overhangs
that of the lower mandible, and is obtuse; the lateral margins festooned, those of the lower mandible
bidentated on each side near the tip, and the gonys long and ascending ; the nostrils basal, placed in a
short rounded space, and covered by a membranous scale. Wings covering the base of the tail, and
rounded, with the fifth and sixth quills the longest. Tail rather short, or lengthened and rounded.
Tarsi as long as the middle toe, and covered in front with divided scales. Toes long and slender, with
the inner toe shorter than the outer, both united to the middle toe by short membranes; the hind toe
moderate and elevated; the claws long, compressed, slightly curved and acute; that of the hind toe

short and thick.

These birds are found in the tropical parts of the new continent ; they frequent the forests or thick woods, especially
those that border the rivers. It is among the dry leaves on the ground that they seek their food, which consists of
fruits, berries, and insects ; and these are usually swallowed accompanied with small stones or fine sand. In the morning
and evening twilight, they perch themselves on a low branch, very near to each other, and the males frequently give
utterance to their cries, which sometimes reverberate through the forests to a great distance. If they become alarmed
while on the ground, they usually resort to a low branch, on which they run quickly and crouch down, or conceal
themselves among the foliage and remain quiet. The nest is formed on the ground, in a thicket, or beneath a log,

and in it the female lays from eight to fifteen eggs.

* Established by Vieillot in 1816 (Anal. p. 51.). It embraces Dendrortyx of Mr. Gould (1845).

ODONTOPHORIN 4.

=a

1. O. guianensis (Gmel.) G,. R. Gray. — Perdix rufina Spia, 6. O. marmoratus Gould, Proc. Z. S$. 1843. p. 107.
Ay. t. 76.%; Odontophorus rufus Vieil/, Gal. des Ois. t. 211., Gould, 7. O. lineolatus (Licht.) Gould.
Monogr. Odont. pt. i. pl. 8. O. speciosus Tschudi, Wiegm. Arch, 1843. p. 387.
2. O. dentatus (Temm.) — Perdix capueira Spix, Avy.t. 76.» ; 9. O. pachyrhynchus Tschudi, Faun, Peru. p, 46.
Ortyx capistratus Jard, §& Selby, Il. Orn, pl. 38., Gould, Monogr. 10. O. macrourus (Jard. & Selby), Ill. Orn. pl. 49., Nat. Libr.
Odont. pt. ii. pl. Orn. iv. p. 12., Gould, Monogr. Odont. pt.i. pl. — Tetrao nevius
8. O. stellatus Gould, Proc. Z. 8. 1842. p. 183. — Ortyx leuco- | Gmel. ?; Type of Dendrortyx Gould (1845).
sticta Natt, MSS., Gould, Monogr. Odont. pt. ii. pl. 11. O. barbatus (Licht.) Gould, Monogr. Odont. pt. ii. pl.
4. O. guttatus (Gould), G. R. Gray, Proc. Z. 8. 1837. p. 79., 12. O. leucophrys Gould, Proc. Z. 8. 1843. p. 132., Monogr.
Monogr. Odont. pt. i. pl. | Odont. pt. ii. pl.

5. O. strophium Gould, Proc. Z. 8, 1845. p. 134., Monogr.
Odont, pt. i. pl.

Cyrronyx Gould.*

Bill short and broad, with the culmen elevated at the base and much arched, and the sides gradually
compressed to the tip, which is obtuse; the lateral margins curved, those of the lower mandible slightly
bidentated on each side, and the gonys moderate and ascending ; the nostrils basal, and placed in a short
broad groove, with the opening covered by a membranous scale. Wangs short and round, with the
tertiaries longer than the primaries and pendent. Tail very short, and hidden by the coverts. Tarsi
strong, shorter than the middle toe, and covered in front with divided transverse scales. Toes
moderate, strong, and strongly scutellated; the inner shorter than the outer toe; the lateral toes slightly
united at their base; the hind toe elevated and strong; the claws long, very strong, slightly curved,

and obtuse.

The species of this division are peculiar to Mexico; and their habits and manners are unknown.

1. C, Massena (Less.) Gould, Ill. de Zool. t. 52. — Ortyx Mon- 2. C. ocellatus Gould, Proc. Z. S. 1836. p.75., Monogr. Odont.
tezume Vigors, Jard. & Selby, Ill. Orn. pl. 126. ; Odontophorus | pt. ii. pl.
meleagris Wagl. ; Perdix perspicillata Licht. Gould, Monogr. Odont.

pt. i. pl.

Ortyx Steph.t

Bill short, broad at the base, the sides gradually compressed forwards, and the culmen elevated
at the base and arched to the tip, which is obtuse; the lateral margins slightly festooned and curved,
that of the lower mandible bidentated near the tip on each side ; the nostrils basal, and placed in a short
rounded groove, with the opening covered by a membranous scale. Wings moderate and rounded, with
the third quill nearly as long as the fourth, fifth, and sixth, which are the longest. Tail short, broad,
and rounded. Tarsi rather shorter than the middle toe, with the front part covered by narrow divided
scales. Tves long, rather slender, and the outer longer than the inner toe, the base of both slightly
united by a short membrane; the hind toe slightly elevated and moderate ; the claws moderate, curved,

and acute.

* Established by Mr. Gould in (1845).
+ Established by Mr. Stephens in 1819 (General Zool. xi. pt. 2. p. 376.). It embraces Eupsychortyx and Philortya of Mr. Gould (1845).
4k

ODONTOPHORIN &.

It is in North and Central America, as well as in Jamaica and other West Indian Islands, that the species of this
division are found. Their habits and modes of life are entirely similar to those given in the first genus.

1. O. virginianus (Linn.) G. R. Gray, Wils. Amer. Orn. pl. 47.
f. 2. Perdix borealis Temm.; Tetrao Marilandus Linn.; T.
mexicanus Linn. Pl. enl. 149., Vieill. Gal. des Ois. t. 214., Gould,
Monogr. Odont. pt. i. pl.

2. O. cubanensis Gould. — Ortyx virginianus D’Orb.
Hist. Nat. de Cuba, p. 182.

3. O. coyolcos (Gmel.).

4, O. castaneus Gould, Proc. Z. S. 1842. p. 182.

5. O. nigrogularis Gould, Proc. Z.S. 1842. p.181., Monogr. Odont.
pt. ii. pl.

6. O. pectoralis Gould, Proc. Z. S. 1842. p. 182.

7. O. eristatus (Linn.) Pl. enl. 126, f. 1.— Ortyx Temminckii

Sagra’s

Steph. ; O.neoxenus Vigors, Audub. B. of Amer. pl. 423. f. 3.,
| Gould, Monogr. Odont. pt ii. pl.; Type of Eupsychortyx Gould
| (1846).

8. O. Sonninii (Temm.) Journ. de Phys. 1772. t. 2., Ency.

Meth. t. 237. f. 4., Pl. col. 75.

9. O. affinis Vigors, Proc. Z. S. 1830. p. 3.

10. O. parvieristatus Gould, Proc. Z. S$. 1843. p. 106., Monogr.
| Odont. pt. ii. pl.

11. O. leucotis Gould, Proc. Z. 8. 1843. p. 133.

12. O. leucopogon Less. Rev. de Zool. 1842. p. 175.

13. O. fasciatus (Natt.) Gould, Proc. Z. S. 1843. p. 133.,
| Monogr. Odont. pt. ii. pl. ; Type of Philortyx Gould (1846).

CatuiperLa Wagl.t

Bil short and rather weak, with the culmen slightly elevated at its base, and gradually curved, and

the sides slightly compressed to the tip, which is obtuse, and overhangs that of the lower mandible;

the lateral margins curved, those of the lower mandible slightly bidentated near the tip; the nostrils

basal, placed in a short broad groove, with the opening closed by a membranous scale.

and rounded, with the quills narrowed, and the fourth, fifth, and sixth equal and longest.

Wings moderate

Tail long,

broad, and more or less rounded. Jars rather shorter than the middle toe, moderately strong, and

covered in front with divided transverse scales.

oO?

Toes long, and rather slender, with the inner shorter

than the outer toe, the base of the anterior ones united by a short membrane ; the hind toe moderate,

and slightly elevated ; the claws long, rather slender, and slightly curved.

These elegant birds are found in California and Mexico, where they seem to prefer the dry gravelly or sandy plains

or similar places in open woods.

They generally live in bands of two to three hundred individuals, and seek their food

on the ground, which consists of seeds, catkins, and the leaves of certain plants, as well as various kinds of insects.

On the approach of winter, they leave the interior, and migrate in large flocks to the immediate vicinity of the coast.

They are extremely quarrelsome and fight with great determination.

a close thicket, and is made of grass and dry leaves.

1. C. squamata (Vigors), G. R. Gray, Journ. Zool. v. p. 275. — |

Callipepla strenua Wagl. Gould, Monogr. Odont. pt. i. pl.

2. C. californica (Lath.) Gould, Shaw, Nat. Mise. pl. 345., Less.
Cent. de Zool. t.60., Gould. Monogr. Odont. pt.i. pl. ; Type of
Lophortyx Pr. Bonap. (1838).

3. C. elegans (Less.) Gould, Less. Cent. de Zool. t.61. — Ortyx
spilogaster Vigors.

* Established by Wagler in 1832 (Isis, p. 277.).

May, 1846.

The nest is formed on the ground in the midst of

The female usually lays from eleven to fifteen eggs.

4, C. picta (Dougl.) Gould, Linn. Trans. xvi. p. 167. — Ortyx
plumifera Gould, Icon. Av. pl., Audub. B. of Amer. pl. 422. f. 1,
2., Gould, Monogr. Odont. pt. i. pl.

5. C. Douglasii (Vigors), Zool. Journ. iv. p. 354., Zool. Beechey’s
Voyage, Birds, pl. 11.

It is coequal with Lophortyx of the Prince of Canino (1838).

O- 8 ae
\, oF Ps int Pages La
ed

UMOYNT Wwsyey sPPUBUTITH D

ppno4 sreoynhoahru
YAL YO

~\.

hy 5 aa ow
T PAM
e ’ = Ss
DWH
‘ '

\.

‘G7 NIWMOHIOLNO GO

o
>
Cu
mo ee
as
as
NE
O <
Pe)

fay

x

oo

CAMBRIDGE. MA USA

OIDON T Ol IOIRIUIN 4s.

Wy, 3 2
Wolt del et | 1

MCZ LIBRARY ; > ES
HARVARD UNIVERSITY Dx at, © se,
CAMBRIDGE. MA USA yo

Order V. GALLIN &. Family IV. Terraonip2.

The fourth Subfamily,
TETRAONIN&, or Grouse,

have the Bill short, broader than elevated at the base; the sides gradually compressed to the tip; the
Nostrils entirely clothed with small feathers ; the Wings moderate and rounded; the Tail ample, and of
various forms ; the Tarsi moderate, more or less clothed with feathers; the Toes long, and sometimes
covered with feathers.

Terrao Linn.*

Bill short, strong, broader than elevated at the base, with the culmen curved from the base to the tip;
and the sides gradually compressed ; the nostrils basal, lateral, and the nasal membrane entirely clothed
with small closely set feathers. Wings short, concave, and rounded, with the third and fourth quills
the longest. Yail moderate, of various forms. Tarsi as long as the middle toe, and feathered to the
base of the toes. Toes long, covered and pectinated on the sides with rough scales; the hind toe short
and slightly elevated; the claws short and curved. The eyebrows naked, with a red, papillose, and
fringed skin.

These birds are residents of the northern parts of Europe and America, inhabiting the large pine and spruce forests,
especially of the higher mountains, barren and bushy plains, and cedar swamps. During the autumn and winter the
male birds congregate, and live harmoniously together until the return of spring, when the males separate, and each
chooses some particular spot, to which he entices a female, who attends entirely to the hatching of the young. They
reside principally on the ground during the summer, but in the winter they seek the trees, whereon they chiefly
find their food, which consists of seeds and berries of alpine plants and trees, and the tender shoots of pines, firs,
and birch, &e. They often visit arable lands in the vicinity of their retreats, and even approach the habitations of
man during winter, mixing with the poultry in their repast. The nest is composed of a few stalks of grass placed on
the ground, especially in marshy places, concealed by a tuft of tall grass or a low bush; the female deposits from six to
ten eggs. .

1. T. Urogailus Linn. Pl. enl. 73, 74. — Urogallus major Briss.
Gould’s B. of Eur. pl. 248.

2. T. hybridus Linn. Sparr. Mus. Carls. t. 15. Tetrao medius
Leisler, Gould’s B. of Eur. pl. 249. ; T. intermedius Langsd. Mém.
V Acad. Petersb. iii. t. 14. ; T. urogalloides Nils.

3. T. canadensis Linn. Pl. enl. 131.— Tetrao Canace Linn. Pl.
enl. 132., Pr. Bonap. Amer. Or. pl. 20. 21. f. 2.; T. Franklini
Dougl. Faun. Bor. Amer. pl. 61, 62., Audubon’s Birds of Amer.
pl. 176.

4. T. obscurus Say, Pr. Bonap. Amer. Orn. pl. 18., Faun. Bor.

Amer. pl. 59, 60. — Tetrao Franklini Sabine, Audub. B. of Amer. |

pl. 361.

5. T. Cupido Linn. Catesb. Carol. App. pl. 1., Wils. Amer. Orn.
pl. 27. f. 1., Audub. B. of Amer. pl. 186. \

6. T. Urophasianus Pr. Bonap. Zool. Journ. iii. 212., Amer. Orn.
pl. 21., Faun. Bor. Amer. pl. 58., Audub. B. of Amer. pl. 371. ;
Type of Centrocercus Swains. (1831).

7. T. Phasianellus Linn. Edwards’s Birds, pl. 117., Pr. Bonap.
Amer. Orn. pl. 19. — Tetrao Urophasianellus Dougl. Audub. B. of
Amer. pl. 382.

8. T. Tetriv Linn. Pl. enl. 172, 173., Gould’s B. of Eur. pl. 250.,
Jard. & Selby’s Ill. Orn. n. s. pl. 53.47., Pall. Zoogr. ii. t. 52. —
Type of Lyrurus Swains. (1831).

9. T. Derbianus Gould, Proc, Z. 8. 1837. 132.

Bonasa Steph.+

Distinguished from the former by the Zarsi having the basal half clothed with long hair-like feathers,

and the apical part naked, and covered with scales.

* Established by Linneus (Systema Nature) in 1735.

In 1777, Scopoli employed Uvrogallus ;

Toes like those of Tetrao.

in 1829, M. Kaup proposed two

divisions under the names of Oveias and Attagen ; while, in 1831, Mr. Swainson also made two other divisions, Lyrurus and Centrocercus :

these are all coequal with the one given above.
+ Established by Mr. Stephens (Gen. Zool. xi. p. 298.) in 1819.
Keyserling and Prof, Blasius employed T'etvastes for the same type.

In 1828, the Prince of Canino used Bonasia ; and, in 1840, Count

TETRAONIN &.

The birds which compose this division are inhabitants of the northern parts of Europe and America, where they
prefer the woody mountains and the shrubby barren country. They are usually found in small coveys of more than
four or five together, but sometimes in pairs or singly. They leave their sequestered haunts in the woods early in the
morning, and seek the paths and roads to obtain their food. These birds generally spring, when alarmed, with a loud
whirring noise ; and fly with great vigour through the woods, beyond the reach of view, before they alight. In the
spring they are discovered by a sonorous crepitating sound, strongly resembling a low peal of distant thunder; which
is produced by the male, by means of beating his sides with his wings, with such an accelerated motion, after the first
few strokes, as to cause a drumming which may be heard reverberating, in a still morning, to the distance of from
a quarter to half a mile. This curious signal is repeated at intervals of about six or eight minutes. During the
winter they congregate in small flocks on the trees, and, when suddenly alarmed, they frequently dive into the snow,
particularly when it has newly fallen, and, coming out at a considerable distance, again take wing. Their food consists
chiefly of buds of various trees, and also berries and leaves, but much depends on the season of the year. The female
usually selects some thicket or side of a fallen log, in a dense part of the woods, for the situation of her nest. This is
composed merely of a few withered leaves, collected from the surrounding ground ; and in it the female deposits from
ten to fifteen eggs.

1. B. umbellus (Linn.) Steph. Wils. Amer. Orn. pl.49, — Tetrao | 2. B. sylvestris Brehm, — Tetrao Bonasia Linn. PI. enl. 474,
togatus Linn. Pl. enl. 104.; T. umbelloides et T. Sabinii Dougl. | 475.; T. canus Gmel. 2; Bonasa rupestris Brehm.; B. betulina
Audub, B. of Amer. pl. 41. | Strickl.; B. europea Gould, B. of Eur. pl. 251.

Lacoprus Briss.*

Differs from the preceding by the 7arsi and Toes being completely clothed with hair-like feathers, but
the latter somewhat less so in the summer months; and the claws long and nearly straight.

It is on the lofty mountains of the northern parts of Europe and America that these birds are found, as well as in
very high latitudes within the arctic circle, from which in winter they tardily retire, but are capable of braving the
severe climate of the 67th degree of latitude They are usually seen on the barren grounds, and wild wastes, or among
the thickets of willows and dwarf birches on the banks of marshes and lakes, or in the open woods. They live during the
autumn and winter in separate flocks of each sex, composed of numerous individuals, until the return of spring, when
they separate and pair. Some species prefer in winter sandy places during the day ; but the night is passed in holes in
the snow, in which they find a warm and secure retreat. When in danger, these birds cast themselves headlong into the
loose snow, and force their way beneath the surface with remarkable quickness. The plumage of most of the species
varies with the season: in the spring, they begin to lose their ptre white winter feathers; the change commences
on the head and neck, these parts becoming of a dark colour, which gradually extends over the entire body of the bird,
as the summer advances. While feeding, they usually call on one another at intervals, in a loud tone; and sometimes
utter a sort of cackling ery, almost like a coarse and mocking laugh. Their food consists of the tender tops of heaths,
and berries of various alpine plants, which they are capable of finding at some depth below the surface of the snow.
Their nests are slightly formed of a few stalks of heaths and grasses, sometimes on the bare earth, concealed behind
stones. The female usually lays from eight to fourteen eggs. The male leaves the care of incubation to the female ;
but assists her in the rearing and feeding of the young.

1. L. scoticus (Lath.) Steph. Gould’s B. of Eur. pl. 252. 4. L. rupestris (Lath. ?) Steph. Faun. Bor. Amer. pl. 64., Audub.
2. L. albus (Gmel.) Steph. Gould’s B. of Eur. pl. 255. — Tetrao | B. of Amer. pl. 368. 418. f. 1.
lapponicus Gmel.; T. Lagopus Retz.; T. subalpinus Nils.; T. 5. L. leucurus Swains. Faun. Bor. Amer. pl. 63., Audub. B. of
saliceti Temm. Audub. B. of Amer. pl. 191., Edwards’s Birds pl. 72., | Amer. pl. 418.
Audub. B. of Amer. pl. 191. 6. L. brachydactylus (Temm.) Gould’s B. of Eur. pl. 256.
3. L. mutus Leach. — Tetrao Lagopus Linn. Pl. enl. 129. 494. ; 7. L. islandorum Faber, Prod. der Island. Orn. p. 6.
Lagopus alpinus Wils.; L. vulgaris Viei//. Gould’s B. of Eur. pl. 8. L. persicus G, R. Gray.

253.; T. rupestris, pl. 254.? ; L. americanus Audub.

* Established by Brisson (Ornithologie) in 1760.

February, 1845,

hos yo snosaod
SMAIOIVT

> wor Nero AS YAS AT OP wre

MCZ LIBRARY —* | fa
HARVARD UNIVERSITY ea
CAMBRIDGE.MAUSA =

Order V. GALLINZ. : Family IV. Trrraonipm.

The fifth Subfamily,

PTEROCLIN &, or Sanp Grouse,

have the Bill short, with the culmen curved to the tip, and the sides compressed ; theWings and Tail
lengthened and pointed; the Tarsi longer than the middle toe, robust, and more or less covered with
feathers; the Toes moderate and robust, the lateral toes more or less united to the middle one, and the

hind toe rudimental.

Prerocies T'emm.*

Bill small, the culmen rounded and curved to the tip, the sides compressed, and the lateral margins
arched and entire; the nostrils basal, lateral, with the opening partly closed by a membrane, which is
nearly hidden by the frontal plumes. Wings very long and pointed, with the first and second quills the
longest. Tail moderate and wedge-shaped. Tarsi robust, longer than the middle toe, with the front
and inner sides clothed with feathers. Toes short, thick, much united at their bases by a prominent
membrane, which extends along the sides of each toe, the upper surface covered with transverse scales,
and the under surface with granulated scales ; the hind toe rudimental; the claws short, curved, and

robust.

These singular-looking birds inhabit Southern Europe, Africa, and Asia, in the dry sandy deserts, the bare and
rocky plains, or the bushy and woody grounds, especially in the neighbourhood of low hills. They are usually
found singly or in pairs, except when those of the desert resort to water, which is performed in flocks in common with
other species. Some of these birds, when flushed, rise with a low chuckling call, take a short flight and alight ; then, if
followed, run along the ground for a short distance, and with difficulty rise again. Others, however, “ fly,” according
to Dr. Smith, “ at a great height, and suddenly descend, when they approach the water or their feeding-grounds ; and
even on some occasions the descent is not commenced before they are directly over the spot where it is their object to
alight. On such occasions they require to form a semicircular or circular moyement before they can reach the desired
spot.” Their food consists of hard seeds, bulbs, and insects, mixed with fine gravel. The female deposits on the bare
ground from two to four eggs.

1, P. alchata (Linn.) Steph. Pl. enl. 105, 106. — Tetrao cau-
dacutus Gmel.; T. chata Pall.; Pterocles setarius Zemm.; Pt.
caspius Ménétr.; CEnas cata Vieill. Licht.

2. P. arenarius (Pall.) Temm. Pl. col. 52, 53. — Perdix ara- 5. P. bicinetus Temm. Vieill. Gal. des Ois. t. 220. — Pterocles
gonica Lath.; Bonasa pyrenaica Briss.; Tetrao subtridactylus _ tricinctus Swains. B. of W. Afr. ii. pl.

Hass. 6. P. fasciatus (Scop.) Del. Flor, et Faun. Insub., Sonn. Voy. t.

8. P. namaqua (Gmel.) — Pterocles tachypetes Temm.

|
| 4, P. Lichtensteinti Temm. Pl. col. 355. 361. — P. bicinctus
|

* Established by M. Temminck (Man. d’Ornith.) in 1809; and, in 1816, Vieillot gave this genus the name of Gnas.

PTEROCLIN A.

96, — Tetrao indicus Gmel.; Pterocles quadricinctus T’emm. Jerd. 9. P. senegalus (Linn.) Pl. enl. 180. — Pterocles guttatus Licht.
Ill. Ind, Orn, t. 10. | Pl. col. 345. ; P. simplex Less. ’

7. P. exustus Temm., PI, col. 354, 360. — Pterocles senegalensis _ 10. P. personatus Gould, Voy. Sulph. Zool. pl. 30.
Licht. | 11. P. gutturalis Smith, Il. 8, Afr. Zool. pl. 3. 31.

8. P. variegatus Burch, Tray, 8. Afr. ii. 345., Smith} Ill. S$. Afr. | 12. P. coronatus Licht. Cat. Dupl. Berl. Mus. p. 65. No. 677.,
Zool. Birds, pl. 10. | Temm. Pl. col. 339, 340.

Syrruapres Lllig.*

Bill very small, slender, with the culmen curved to the tip, the sides compressed, and the lateral
margins curved and entire; the nostrils basal, lateral, and covered by the frontal plumes. Wings very
long, with the first quill the longest, and the second ending in a lengthened thread. Tail long and
wedge-shaped, with the two middle feathers ending in lengthened threads. Tarsi robust, longer than
the middle toe, and entirely covered with feathers. oes moderate, robust, the lateral ones united as
far as their ends to the middle toe, entirely clothed above with plumes, and the under surface strongly

granulated ; the hind toe wanting ; the claws long, robust, and curved.

This singular bird inhabits the sandy deserts of Northern Asia.

8. paradowus (Pall.) Ill. Pall. Itin. ii. t. 1.— Syrrhaptes Pallasii Zemm. Pl. col. 95. ; Heteroclita tatarica, or Syrrhaptes heteroclita
Vieill.

* Established by Mlliger (Prodr. Syst. p.243.) in 1811. In 1813, M. Fischer proposed Nematura ; and Vieillot, in 1816, used
Heteroclitus for the same bird,

March, 1845.

Se =e ee

pny) snavpoIiwd
SMLdAVH LLAS

LUNOMIUT Jusrey sTepueay Ug
{ICT anil bol Thad

MCZ LIBRARY
HARVARD UNIVERSITY.
CAMBRIDGE. MA USA

aes

\emet

es

SS
“epee L|

Order V. GALLIN ZE.

The fifth Family,

CHIONIDID/E, or Suearusitts,

have the Bill moderate, the culmen much arched to the tip, the sides much compressed ; the nostrils
basal, lateral, and protected by a bony covering, or only partly closed by a horny membrane ; the Wings
long and pointed ; the Tail moderate; the Tarsi short and strong; the Toes long, and the anterior ones

united at their base; the hind toe short and elevated.

The first Subfamily,
THINOCORIN, or SuHore-Larks,

have the Bill short, rather slender, broad at the base, and compressed on the sides ; the nostrils basal,
lateral, and exposed, with the opening lunate, and mostly closed by a horny membrane, which is covered

by short feathers.

Arttacis I. Geoffr. et Less.*

Lill short, robust, broad at the base, and gradually compressed on the sides ; culmen slightly curved
to the tip, which is obtuse ; the nostrils placed in an ample nasal channel with the opening semilunar, and
covered by a strong membrane, which is clothed with small feathers. Wings long and pointed, with
the first and second quills the longest. Tail short, broad, and rounded. Tarsi very short, robust, and
entirely covered with reticulated scales. Toes long, and covered above with transverse scales ; the hind

toe small and elevated ; the claws lengthened and curved.

These birds are found in the Falkland Islands, and on the lofty mountains of the southern portion of South America,
within the boundary of alpine plants, or even in places that appear entirely destitute of vegetation. They are usually
seen in pairs or small coveys, and when flushed utter loud cries. Their flight is like that of the grouse; they are very
wild in their habits, and, if suddenly surprised, they lie close to the ground for concealment.

1. A. Gayii I. Geoffr. et Less. Cent. Zool. t. 47. 3. A. malouinus (Bodd.) PI. enl. 222.— Tetrao falklandicus
2. A. Latreiilii Less. Ill. de Zool. t. 41. Gmel.

* Established by MM. Isidore Geoffroy and Lesson in 1830 (Centurie Zoologie).

THINOCORIN AL.

Tuinocorus Lschsch.*

Bill short, broad at the base, suddenly compressed at the tip, with the culmen slightly curved to the
tip ; the nostrils basal, lateral, and placed in an ample channel, with the opening semilunar, and covered
by a strong membrane, which is clothed with short plumes. Wangs long and pointed, with the first
quill the longest. Tail short and rounded. Tars? short, and covered with a row of transverse scales

in front, and the rest with reticulated scales. Toes moderate, and covered above with transverse scales ;

the hind toe short and elevated ; the claws curved and rather obtuse.

It is in the southern parts of South America that these singular birds are found, spreading over at least twenty-three
degrees of latitude. They inhabit the elevated valleys of the mountains and the inland plains, preferring the most
desolate places which could scarcely be inhabited by other animals. ‘They are seen either in pairs or in small coyeys
of five or six, and sometimes during the winter in flocks of many individuals. These birds are very local, frequenting
the same place for a long time; when flushed, they take a rapid and circular flight, often returning to the spot whence
they rose, but if suddenly alarmed they le close to the ground, from which they are scarcely to be distinguished.
‘Their food consists of grass, leaves, and seeds of plants, and occasionally of insects. The nest is said, observes Mr.
Darwin, to be placed on the borders of lakes, although the bird itself is an inhabitant of the parched desert. The
female lays from five to six eggs.

1. T. rumicivorus Eschsch. Zool. Atlas, t. 2.— Thinocorus | 2. T. Orbignyianus I. Geoffr. et Less. Cent. Zool. t. 48, 4.9.
Eschscholtzii Z. Geoffr. et Less. Cent. Zool. t. 50. ; Ocypetes tor- 3. T. Swainsoni Less. Illustr. de Zool. t. 16.
quatus Wag. 4. T. Inge Tschudi, Wiegm. Arch. 1843. p. 387.

* This genus was established by Eschscholtz in his Zoological Atlas, which was published in 1829. In the same year, Wagler proposed
Ocypetes for the saine bird, and in 1830 he changed the name to Jthys.

May, 1845.

wf] plot
STIV LL F

FORO] TUMeT s PpuTanyny

B87 NORE O OD O NW No

MCZ LIBRARY
HARVARD UNIVERSITY.
CAMBRIDGE. MA USA

Order V. GALLIN &. Family V. Cuiontpip®.

The second Subfamily,
CHIONIDIN &, or Suearusitts,

have the Bill short, strong, compressed on the sides, and the basal half coated by a horny covering,

which conceals the Nostrils.

Cuionis Forst.*

Bill short, strong, base broad, compressed towards the tip, the culmen gradually curved to the tip,
the base covered by a horny substance, with the anterior margin dentated and furrowed above ; the
base of the upper and that of the lower mandible, and cheeks, covered by a naked skin; the nostrils oval,
and more or less concealed by the horny covering. Wings moderate, with the second quill the longest,
and the bend of the wing tuberculated. Yazl moderate andeven. Tarsi short, strong, and covered with
small rough scales. Toes moderate and strong, covered above with transverse scales; the outer toe
united to the middle one by a membrane at the base; the hind toe small, elevated, and placed on one

side; the claws short and obtuse.

These singular birds are found on the islands of the Antarctic Ocean, and at the southern extremity of South
America. Their flight resembles that of the pigeons. They frequent the shores, searching for their food, which
consists of shells, chiefly Patelle, sea weeds, and the remains of animals cast on the coast by the action of the sea;
these are usually mixed with a few small stones. These birds have been observed, by southern voyagers, in the open
ocean at a great distance from the land, where they are supposed to rest and to feed on the sea weeds and other refuse

that are cast on the icebergs.

1. C. alba Forst. Lath. Syn. v. pl. 89.— Chionis lactea Forst. | Bonite, Ois. t. 9. (heads of adult and young) Voy. de I’Uranie, Ois.
Desc. Anim. p. 330. et Icon. ined. 125. ; C. necrophaga Vieill.; C. | t- 35.
Nove Hollandie Temm.; Coleorhamphus nivalis Dum. Voy. de la 2. C. minor Hartl. Rey. Zool. 1841. p. 5. 1842. t. 2. f. 2. (head).

* Established in 1788 by J.R. Forster (Enchiridion Hist. Nat. Ins. p. 37.). Vaginalis of Gmelin (1788) and Coleorhamphus of
Dumeril (1806) are coequal with the name employed.

April, 1845.

ayy “ound
SIN OTH

A “‘TaNOMN] Weyeg sEpueunyny” D

USA

ra
rs

HARVARD UNIVERSITY
CAMBRIDGE. MA

C.Hulhnandel’s Patent Iithotimt

| ATTAGIS malouna. 2. THINOCORUS orbigmanus > CHlOnNuis ‘alba

MA USA

‘D UNIVERSITY

AMY

ie
DINtE
SRIDGE.

fn

>

1
MR
wipe:

HAR
CA

Order V. GALLIN &.

The sixth Family,
TINAMID 2, or Trnamovs,

have the Bill as long as, or shorter than, the head; the culmen more or less straight, flattened, and
covered at the base with a membrane, which also envelopes the nasal grooves; the tip generally suddenly
hooked, and overlapping that of the lower mandible ; the Nostrils large, and more or less basal ; the
Wings short, concave, and rounded; the Tarsi moderate, and shielded in front; and the Toes usually
long, mostly four, but sometimes only three.

The first and only Subfamily,
TINAMIN&, or Tinamovus,

have the characters as given above.

Trnamus Lath.*

Bill shorter than the head, with the culmen broad, and flattened at the base, straight and suddenly
hooked at the tip, which overlaps the lower mandible; the sides compressed, and the lateral margins
slightly curved ; the nostrils large, membranous, with the opening placed in the middle of the bill.
Wings short, rounded, with the fourth and fifth quills the longest. Tail very short and rounded. Tursi
much longer than the middle toe, and broadly scutellated in front. Toes moderate, the lateral ones
unequal, and the hind toe very short and elevated.

These birds frequent the immense forests of South America. They are said to roost on the lower branches of the
trees, about two or three feet from the ground. Their note is a shrill whistle, which is uttered more especially at
sunset and at break of day. Their food consists of fruits and grains, as well as worms and insects. The nest is com-
posed of dry herbage, and placed on the ground near the stump of a large tree. The female lays from twelve to

sixteen eggs ; and, if disturbed, she is said to roll the eggs to another place for safety. The young follow the parent as
soon as hatched, and hide themselves on the least approach of danger.

‘

1. T. Tao (Temm.) Pig. & Gall. iii. 569. — Cryptura solitaria 9. T. undulatus Temm. Pig. & Gall. iii, 582. — Cryptura sylvi-
Vieill. cola Vieill. Gal. des Ois. t. 210.
2. T. canus (Wagl.) Isis, 1829. 746. 10. T. strigulosus Temm. Pig. & Gall. iii 594. & 752.
3. T. major (Linn.) Pl. enl. 476. — Tinamus brasiliensis Lath. ; | tik. T, Sovs (Gmel.) Lath. PI. enl. 829.
Cryptura Magoua Vieill.; Pezus serratus Spix, Av. Bras. t. 70. 12. T. obsoletus Temm. Pig. & Gall. iii. 588., Pl. col. 196. —
4. T. adspersus Temm. Pig. & Gall. iii. 585.— Pezus Yapura | Cryptura cerulescens Vieill., Azara No. 530.
Spiz, Av. Bras. t. 78. | 13. T. Tatuapa Temm. Pig. & Gall. iii. 590., Pl. col. 415., Azara
5. T. vermiculatus Temm. PI. col. 369.—Crypturus adspersus | No. 329., Swains. Zool. Ill. t.19.— Pezus Niambu Spiz, Av. Bras.
Licht. | eqeh es
6. T. cinereus (Gmel.) Lath. 14. T. parvirostris Wagl. Syst. Av. sp. 13.
7. T. noctivagus Pr. Max. Reise, 1. 160.— Pezus Zabele Spiz, | 15. T. atro-capillus (Tschudi), Faun. Peruv. p. 47.
Av. Bras. t. 77. 16. T. Kileesi (Tschudi), Wiegm. Arch. 1843. 1. 387.

8. T. variegatus (Gmel.) Lath. Pl. enl. 828.

NF r
Noruvura Wagl.+

Bill very small, and like that of the species of the preceding genus, except that the nostrils are placed
about one third of the length from the base, large and membranous. Wings short and rounded, with

* Established by Latham (Index Ornithologicus 633.) in 1790. Illiger, in 1811, proposed in its place Crypturus, which, in 1816, Vieillot
changed to Cryptura ; and, in 1825, Spix used Pezus for the same type.
+ Established in 1827 by Wagler (Syst. Av.).

TINAMID.

the third and fourth quills the longest. Tai apparently totally wanting. Tarsi the length of the
middle toe. The lateral Toes unequal, at the base covered with small scales, and towards the tip
with transverse scales ; and the hind toe very small and elevated.

These timid birds frequent the open grassy plains on the borders of the large rivers, or the barren plains of the

warmer parts of South America. They conceal themselves among the bushes or by lying close to the ground, and they
do not readily take wing when disturbed. Small fruits and insects form their principal food.

1. N. Boraquira (Spix), Wagl. Av. Bras. t.79., Isis, 1829. p. 747. 4. N. minor (Spix), Wagl. Av. Bras, t. 82.

2. N. major (Spix), Wagl. Av. Bras. t. 80. 5. N. nana (Temm.) Pig. & Gall. iii. 600. & 753., Pl. col. 316.,
8. N. maculosa (Temm.) Pig. & Gall. iii, p. 557. & 748.— | Azara No. 328,

Cryptura fasciata Vieil/.; Tinamus medius Spizx, Av. Bras. t. 81.,
Azara No. 327.

Ruyncnotus Spiar.*

Bill a little longer than the head, with the culmen and lateral margins slightly arched to the tip,
which does not overlap that of the lower mandible, as in the species of the two preceding divisions; the
nostrils basal, lateral, large, and rather rounded. Wings short and concave, with the second and third
quills the longest. Taz! not visible, but with numerous soft long coverts in its place.

It is in the barren districts or swampy thickets, on the borders of the lakes of South America, that these species are
observed. They generally live in small troops, and when disturbed do not all rise together, as is usual with partridges,

&e., when on the ground, on which they sit very close, and utter a shrill whistle. The nest is hidden under a tuft of
grass; and the female lays seven eggs.

1. R. rufescens (Temm.) Wagl. Pl. col. 412., Azara No. 316.— | 2. R. Perdix (Mol.) — Crypturus perdicarius Kittl. Vég. von
Cryptura Guazu Vieill. ; Rhynchotus fasciatus Spiv, Ay. Bras. t.76. , Chili, t. 12.

Tinamotis Vigors.t

Bill shorter than the head, the culmen broad at the base and flattened, and much arched at the tip,
where it overlaps the lower mandible ; the nostrils rather basal, with the opening in the form of an
irregular ovoid. Wings short and rounded, with the third and fourth quills the longest, and the tips
ending in a lateral curved point. Tail concealed by the coverts which are lengthened and pendulous. Tarsi
short, robust, scutellated in front, with the sides and posterior part covered with small scales. Toes
rather short and thick; the inner one shorter than the outer, with the sides margined by a membrane,
and the hind toe wanting; the claws broad and very convex above.

The birds of this division frequent the most elevated, dry, and desert places of South America, almost destitute of

vegetation, and generally at some distance from fresh water. They run with extreme swiftness; their flight on the
contrary is rather heavy, never very far, and but little elevated above the ground. ‘These timid birds utter when

alarmed, running or flying, a shrill whistle. Their food consists of small fruits, and especially of seeds. The nest is
constructed, in a tuft of grass or at the foot of a shrub, of grass stalks; and the female lays generally twelve eggs.

1. T. Pentlandii Vigors, Proc. Z.S. 1836. p. 79. 3. ? T. ocellata (Meyen), Mém. Acad. Nat. Curios. 1833.
2. T. elegans (D’Orb. & Geoffr.) Mag. de Zool. 1832, Ois. t. 1. PLO Mtl 7.

* Established by Spix (Av. Bras. ii. p. 60.) in 1825.
+ The above name was given by Vigors (Proc. Zool. Soc. p. 79.) in 1836. This division was originally proposed under the name of
Eudromia, by MM. D’Orbigny and 1. Geoffroy, in 1832 ; but this had been previously used in the form of Eudromias.

December, 1844.

mal
‘SABI DP UD PZURT

SLLONFNIL

WO}ROWMT WIL gpa

MCZ LIBRARY |
HAPYARD UNIVERSITY . ae
CAMBRIDGE. MA USA p FS See

co

A WD rIxTOATITEG 11

|. TINAMOTIS elegans. 2. NOTHUBA major. 0 TINAMUS tatapa. 4. RHYNCOTUSTI

bai

2 ~-

MCZ LIBRARY _ oe
HATY/2D UNIVERSITY, | . ;
CAMBRIDGE. MA USA

Order VI. STRUTHIONES Lath.*

embraces a series of birds, which are mostly of large size, with the Wings much abbreviated, and

generally incapable of affording the means of flight.

The first Family,
STRUTHIONID-®, or Ostricues,

have the Bill of various forms ; the Wings very short, or imperfect ; and the Toes short, broad, unequal,

and varying from two to four in number.

The first Subfamily,
STRUTHIONIN &, or Osrricues,

have the Bill broad, depressed, and rounded in front; the Toes two or three in number, and all placed

anteriorly.

Srruruio Linn.t

Bill broad and depressed, with the culmen flattened, and the tip strong, rounded, and overlapping
that of the under mandible ; the nostrils placed in a broad membranous groove, near the middle of the
bill, and the opening oval. Wings short, imperfect, and furnished with long, bending, and soft
plumes. Jal moderate, and composed of curved pendent feathers. Tarsi very long, robust, and
covered with hexagonal scales, except in the front near the toes, where the scales are transverse.
Toes short and robust, the outer short and much padded, the inner one not apparent ; the claws short,
broad, and flattened.

This type, the largest of all known birds, inhabits the open plains of Africa, where it is sometimes observed in large
flocks, especially if the herbage and vegetation are abundant and fresh, as these form their chief food. The great
height of this bird enables it to perceive at a considerable distance, over the tall herbage, all objects that may be
approaching it. When alarmed, it usually escapes with a stately gait, and is soon out of sight, though its pace appears

* Cursores of Lacépéde, and Brevipennes of Cuvier.
+ Established by Linneus in 1735 (Systema Nature).

STRUTHIONIN A.

to be but little more than that of walking; and, when hard pressed, it runs with great rapidity by the assistance of the
wings. ‘The nest is a slight hollow scratched in the sand, six feet in diameter, bordered by a shallow ring. In this
nest are laid, generally by two females, about twenty eggs, while in the outer trench are scattered several more. These
are considered by the Hottentots as intended for the first food of the young. The male bird sits on the eggs, and
attends to the feeding and care of the young, till they are able to provide for themselves.

S. camelus Linn. PI, enl. 457.

Rura Meehr.*

Lill moderate, depressed, and broad, with the culmen flattened, and curved at the tip, which overlaps
that of the under mandible; the nostrils large, oval, and placed in the middle of the bill in a large
membranous groove ; the membrane extends over the base of the culmen. Wings short, imperfect,
and furnished with long soft feathers. Zaid not apparent. Tarsi very long, strong, and covered in
front with broad transverse scales. Toes short, the lateral ones shorter than the middle one, and

unequal, the inner the shortest ; the claws moderate, strong, and compressed.

The birds of this genus are found on the plains of South America. They are, says Mr. Darwin, shy, wary, and
solitary, and, although so fleet in their pace, they fall a prey without much difficulty. They generally prefer running
against the wind, yet on the first start they expand their wings to assist them in their progress. During the heat of
the day they sometimes enter a bed of tall rushes, where they squat concealed till quite closely approached. These
birds will cross rivers, or pass from island to island, by swimming, which is performed rather slowly, very little of their
bodies appearing above the water, and their necks extended a little forwards. They feed on vegetable matter, such as
roots and grass; but Mr. Darwin has repeatedly seen three or four come down at low water to the extensive mud banks,
which are then dry, for the sake of catching small fish. The nest is a shallow excavation, wherein are placed as many
as twenty-two to seventy, or even eighty, eggs; these are deposited by several females: many eggs are, however,
scattered singly over the plains, and thereby become useless. The male bird alone collects them, and hatches the eggs,
and for some time afterwards accompanies the young; at which time the males are occasionally fierce, and even
dangerous.

1, R. americana Lath. Pl. enl. 224, —Struthio Rhea Linn. ae Rhea n. sp. Darwin, Letters (1834) p.16.; Rhea pennata
2. R. Darwint Gould, Voy. of the Beagle, Birds, p. 123, pl.47. | D’Orb.

Dromaivus Vieill.*

Bill moderate and broad, with the culmen at the base elevated, and sloping to the tip, which overlaps
that of the under mandible ; the nostrils placed in a large membranous groove, with the opening
anteriorly, and of an oblong oval. Wings and Tail not apparent. Tarsz very long, strong, and mostly
covered in front with reticulated scales, except near the toes, where there are a few transverse ones, and
posteriorly with a series of rough scales. Toes moderate, the lateral ones unequal, the inner one the

shortest ; the claws moderate, strong, and obtuse.

* Established by Mcehring in 1752. Tougou of Cuvier (1797—1798) is synonymous.
+ Established by Vieillot in 1825. This author had first proposed the name of Dromiceius in 1816. Tachea of Dr. Fleming is
synonymous.
413

a ee 2

STRUTHIONIN &.

This bird is spread over the greatest part of New Holland and the adjacent islands, preferring the open shrubby
places and sandy plains. It is extremely shy, and possesses great power of speed, which causes it to be taken with
difficulty. It readily takes to the water, and swims with the body mostly submerged beneath the surface. It feeds
chiefly on fruits, roots, and various kinds of herbage.
hollow scratched in the earth.
to provide for themselves.

The eggs, six or seven in number, are probably laid in a slight
The male bird hatches the eggs, and carefully brings up the young, until they are able

D. nove holiandie (Lath.) White’s Journ. pl. 1. — Dromaius ater Vieill. ; D. emu Steph. ; D. australis Swains.

Casuarius Linn.*

Bill long, compressed, with the culmen curved to the tip, which overlaps that of the under mandible ;
the nostrils placed in the middle of the bill, and ina broad membranous groove, with the opening
anteriorly and suboval. Wings consisting of five strong rounded shafts without webs. Tail not
apparent. Tarsi long, robust, and covered with large hexagonal scales, except near the toes, where
the scales are transverse. Toes long, the lateral ones shorter than the middle one, the outer the
longest, and the inner armed with a very long powerful claw; the other claws moderate, curved, and
obtuse. The head and base of culmen ornamented with an elevated compressed helmet; the head and
neck denuded of feathers, and with two wattles in front of the latter.

It is in the vast forests of the Molucca Islands and New Guinea that this singular bird is found. It lives in pairs,
feeding on fruits, herbs, and occasionally on small animals. It runs with rapidity, and defends itself from the attacks of
its enemies by means of its feet. The female deposits three eggs on the bare ground.

C. emu Lath, Pl, enl. 313. — Casuarius galeatus Vieill. ; Struthio casuarius Linn.

* Established by Linneus in 1735. Cela of Meehring (1752) and Rhea of Lacépede (1800—1801) are synonymous.

March, 1844,

>

a:
oP ings ital iar

} Sle R
; + fy ip
} ver. 7
PURO E &

hy a) au
1. f j j rw “ JN) 4 Sek } Cue ie
: ‘ i eu Lif ad aay rh pity od Ey Us? #
ipliak ON. 1 CAVE eoytie One i lige iy
| As

—— on
‘

a i "A ‘en wa "hity li) Nhe
rs t ob juerts ee ie it i ALND oa

= atten ae ot

ee

me weer

,trtrnTer.

mot.

[ Werte S [st Te UI]

PPD NUIMANT
FUHY

oS TERT A TT ART Te

——————

A USA

79)
(3
bl
=I
=
3
a

2

<4

MCZ LIBRARY

HARVA
CAMBRIDGE. M

re

-

MCZ LIBRARY ’
HARVARD UNIVERSITY :
CAMBRIDGE. Ma USA

er

L

STRUTHIO camelus

4

(2)

RHEA americana

Order VI. STRUTHIONES. Family I. Srruruionip 2.

The second Subfamily,
APTERYGIN &, or Krvis,

have the Bill lengthened, very slender: the base covered by a bony cere, broad, and rather depressed ;
with the tip hanging over that of the lower mandible; the nostrils placed at the tip, small, and

sublinear.

APpTERYX Shaw.*

Bill more or less lengthened, very slender ; with the base covered by a bony cere, broad, and rather
depressed ; the culmen rounded, straight to near the tip, which projects over that of the lower mandible,
and rather obtuse ; the sides gradually compressed, and grooved towards the end ; the gonys very long
and slightly curved; the nostrils placed on each side at the tip, very small, and sublinear; the base of
the bill furnished with lengthened hairs. Wings abbreviated, and covered with feathers. Tail not
apparent. Jars: the length of the middle toe, very robust, and covered with variously sized scales,
those of the inner and outer sides the smallest. Toes three before, with the lateral ones equal, and all
covered above with broad scales ; the hind toe very short, united to the tarsus, and armed with a long,

strong, and rather acute claw.

This singular bird is scattered over various parts of New Zealand, especially those covered with extensive and dense
beds of ferns, which afford it a place of concealment when alarmed. It runs with swiftness, and sometimes hides itself
in holes of rocks or hollow trees. Its food is supposed to consist of snails, insects, and worms, which it is said to seek
for during the night; the latter are obtained by beating the earth with its foot, and it seizes them with its bill the

instant they appear aboye the ground. The nest is usually placed at the base of a hollow tree, or in deep holes
excavated in the ground.

A. australis Shaw, Nat. Misc. pl. 1057, 1058. — Dromiceius nove zealandie Less. Gould, B. of Austr. pl., Voy. de l’Astrol. Ois. t 24.,
Trans. of Zool. Soc. 1. pl. 10.

* Established by Shaw ( Naturalist’s Miscellany, pl. 1057, 1058. ).

April, 1846.

»

pe oo" ;
na wl ipals +223)
F he = 7 j

MIYS? “SYVQYSNY
YAYDL IY

Order VI. STRUTHIONES. Family 1. SrrRuTHIONIDz.

The fourth Subfamily,
OTIDIN&@, or Bustarps,

have the Bill more or less lengthened and compressed on the sides, with the culmen straight above the
nasal groove, and then vaulted to the tip, which is strongly emarginated ; the nostrils basal, lateral, and
placed in a large membranous groove, with the opening large and suboval; the Wings moderate, and
rather pointed ; the Tail moderate, broad, and rounded; the Tarsi long, and covered with small scales ;

the Toes short, and covered with small narrow scales above ; the Claws short, broad, and blunt.

Oris Linn.*

Gill short, broad at the base, and compressed on the sides, with the culmen elevated and straight at
the base, and then gradually curved to the tip, which is strongly emarginated ; the gonys short and
straight ; the nostrils placed in a large nasal groove, partly closed by a membrane, with the opening
large and suboval. Wings long, with the second, third, and fourth quills usually equal and longest,
and the tertials as long as the quills. az! moderate, broad, and rounded. Tarst much longer than the
middle toe, and covered with small scales. Toes short, broad, with the inner toe shorter than the outer,
and all the fore ones covered above with narrow transverse scales; the claws short, very broad, and
blunt.

The species of this genus are found on the dry sandy or grassy plains, and the open cultivated lands, of Europe
and Asia. They are shy and wary ; when alarmed, they usually escape by flight, which is strong, swift, and generally
at no great distance from the surface of the ground, sometimes alighting after a short interval, and running off with
considerable speed until they are at a sufficient distance to elude pursuit. The female and young generally conceal
themselves by squatting close among the tufts of grass or brushwood. They feed on grain and seeds, and are very
destructive to the young wheat and the tops of turnips; the latter they principally attack during the winter. Insects
and worms also form a portion of their subsistence; and sometimes they swallow small quadrupeds. The females lay
from two to five eggs on the bare ground under cover of herbage, or among the wheat or clover. The young, as
soon as excluded, follow their parent, but are incapable of flight for a long time.

1. O. tarda Linn. Pl. enl. 245., Gould, B. of Eur. pl. 267. | 2. O. tetrax Linn. PI. enl. 10. 25., Gould, B. of Eur. pl. 269. —

| Type of Tetrax Leach (1816).

* Linneus established this genus in 1735 (Systema Nature). It embraces Tetrax of Leach (1816).

OTIDIN 2.

Evupopotis Less.*

Bill more or less lengthened, and rather slender, broad at the base, and the sides gradually compressed
to the tip, which is emarginated ; the culmen rather depressed and straight above the nasal groove, and
then slightly curved to the tip; the gonys generally long and straight ; the nostrils basal, lateral, placed
in a large nasal groove, partly closed by a membrane, leaving the opening large and of a lengthened

oval. The other characters similar to the former genus.

The extensive sandy and grassy plains and open cultivated country of Asia and Africa are the peculiar localities of
these birds. They are usually seen singly, occasionally in small parties of three or four together, and sometimes in
flocks of twenty or more feeding in company. It is in the morning early that they chiefly seek their food, and at this
time they are wary and easily raised; but during the heat of the day they lie close, either in the long grass, or in the
shade of some bush, and are then flushed with difficulty. They rarely proceed far on the wing, and generally
endeavour to escape their various enemies by running, especially in open places ; but, when migrating to a fresh locality
in search of food, their flight is performed with a continued flapping of the wings. Their chief food consists of various
orthopterous and coleopterous insects, centipedes, and lizards, also several sorts of grain and seeds. They utter a loud
hoarse call when alarmed; but the male at other times may be seen, says Mr. Jerdon, strutting about on some high
ground, expanding his tail, ruffling his wings, and distending his neck and throat, making the feathers stand up like a
ruff, emitting at the same time a moaning noise. The females usually deposit one or two eggs on the bare ground.

1. E. cristata (Scop.) Sonn. Voy. N. Guin. t. 49.— Otis lu- | 12. E. Vigorsii (A. Smith), Less. Proc. Z. S. 1830. p. 11.—
coniensis Vieill. ; O. Kori Burch. Tray. 8. Afr. i. 393. 402., Riipp. | Otis scolopacea Temm. PI. col. 576. ; O. torquata Cuv.
Mus. Senck. 1387. t. 13. 18.? E. rhaad (Gmel. ) Less. Shaw’s Trav. p. 255. f. 2.

2. E. Edwardsii (Gray), Ml. Ind. Zool. pl. 59.— Otis nigriceps 14. E. c@rulescens (Vieill.) Less. Ency. Méth. p. 334., Pl. col.
Vigors, Gould, Cent. of B. pl. 72., Loudon, Mag. of Nat. Hist. iii. | 532. — Otis ferox aut O. Verrauxii A. Smith ; O. cana Licht.
p. 517. f. 125. (bill). | 15. E. senegalensis (Vieill.) Less. Ency. Méth. p. 333. — Otis
8. E. australis (Gray), Griff. An. Kingd. iii. p. 305.—Otis | rhaad Riipp. Mus. Senck. 1837. t. 15.; O. Barrowii Gray.
australasianus Gould, B. of Austr. pl. 16. E. melanogaster (Riipp.) Less. Faun. Abyss. t. 7., Riipp.
4. E. arabs (Linn.) Less. Edwards’s Birds, pl.12., Riipp. Atlas, | Syst. Uebers. Vog. Nord-Ost-Afr. t. 41.
t. 16. — Otis abyssinica Gray. 17. E. bengalensis (Gmel.) Edwards’s Birds, pl. 250, — Otis

5. E. nuba (Riipp.) Less. Zool. Atlas, t. 1. himalayana Vigorvs, Gould, Cent. of Birds, pl. '73, 74, 75. 5 O. de-
6. E. Denhami (Childr.) Less. An. Kingd. Birds, iii. p. 303. liciosa Gray, Ill. Ind. Zool. pl. 61, 62.
and pl. in p. 455. 18. E. aurita (Lath.) Jard. & Selby’s Ill. Orn. pl. 40. 92. —

7. E. caffra (Licht.) Less. Cat. Berl. Mus. 1793. No. 711, 712. | Otis indica Mill. ; O. gularis Cuv. ? ; O. fulva Sykes, Belang. Voy.
— O. ruficollis Cuv. Wagl. Isis, 1831. 519. ; O. Stanleyi Gray ; | dans Ind. Or. Ois. t.10., Pl. col. 533. ; O. marmorata Gray, II.

O. Colesii Ecklon. 2 | Ind. Zool. pl. 60.; O. atriceps Gray ; Type of Sypheotides Less.
8. E. Ludwigii (Riipp.) Mus. Senck, 1837. t. 14.— Otis Colesii | (1839).

A. Smith. 19. E. undulata (Jacq.) Jacq. Vig. t.9.— Otis houbara Gmel. ;
g. E. afra (Gmel.) Less. Lath. Syn. pl. 69. —- Otis atra Linn. Gould, B. of Eur. pl. 268., Vieill. Gal. des Ois. t. 227.; Type of
10. E. afroides (A. Smith) Less. Ill. Zool. S. Afr. pl. 19. Houbara Pr. Bonap. (1832).

11. E. ruficrista (A. Smith), Tl. Zool. S. Afr. pl. 4. 20. E. Macqueeni Gray, Il. Ind. Zool. ii. pl. 47.

* It was in 1839 that M. Lesson established this genus (Rev. Zool. 1839. p. 47.). It contains Houbara (1832) of the Prince of
Canino (with which Chlamydotis of M. Lesson (1839) is synonymous) and Sypheotides of M. Lesson (1839).

February, 1845.

4

UAL NYI NUDY UIT
STL OMODAA

Tk tlw) ee ee eee eee

OID IN AS . 141.

a, @
oer PSO SS Sas

s BOs
Sener Osea. Se ee
oS NS Se

C Hnllmandel’s Patent Jathotint

1. OTIS tarda. 2. KUPODOTIS arabs

Order VI. GRALLA Linn.

comprehends a large series of birds that have the lower portion of their Tibiw, or Thighs, naked, and

the Tarsi lengthened, rounded, and slender.

The first Family,
CHARADRIADA, or P Lovers,

have the Bill short, with the basal portion of the culmen rather depressed and weak, and the apical part
strong and swollen; the Nostrils placed in a deep longitudinal groove of various length; the Tarsi

lengthened ; the hind Toe totally wanting, or small and elevated.

The first Subfamily,
GEDICNEMIN &, or Tuick-KneEzs,

have the Bill as long as, or longer than, the head, with the culmen slightly depressed at the base and
swollen at the tip, and the gonys more or less angulated ; the Tarsi lengthened, with three rather short

Toes in front.

(Epicnemus T'emm.t

Bill rather longer than the head, the culmen straight, with the apical half arched and curved to the
tip, the sides compressed, and the gonys nearly half the length of the bill, angulated, and advancing
upwards to the tip; the nostrils in a subtriangular membranous groove, with the aperture longitudinal
and anterior. Wings of moderate length, pointed ; with the first quill shorter than the second, which
is the longest, and the tertials the length of the quills. Zazl moderate and wedge-shaped. Tarsi
lengthened, three or four times the length of the middle toe, and covered with hexagonal scales. Toes
short, the inner shorter than the outer, and both united to the middle one by a membrane at their base,

especially the outer ; the claws short and slightly curved.

* Or the Grallatores of Illiger.
+ This genus was established by M. Temminck in (Manuel d’ Ornithologie, 1st edit. p. 321.) 1815; and the Fedoa of Leach, proposed
in 1816, is coequal.

CEDICNEMIN 2.

They are migratory birds, inhabiting all parts of the world except North America, seeking the more temperate
regions to rear their young, and the warmer latitudes to pass the winter. These periodical flights are performed in
flocks during the night, with great swiftness. It is in uncultivated open moorlands that these birds are generally found.
Their food is sought for during the evening or at night; it consists of small quadrupeds, reptiles, and especially
worms and insects. During the day they sit closely squatted behind a stone, or any other object sufficiently large to
hide them; but, if disturbed, they fly to a short distance, and then run off to hide with great rapidity. Each female
deposits two eggs on the surface of the bare ground. The young are capable of following the parent as soon as

they are excluded from the ege.
55

1. CEd. erepitans Temm, PI. enl. 919.—Charadrius CEdicnemus 5, CEd., grallarius (Lath.) Lambert’s Icon, ined. iii. t. 11.— (Ed.

Linn.; CEd. europeus Vieill, ; Old. griseus Koch.
2. (Ed. senegalensis Swains. Birds of W. Afr. ii. 228. — Cd.
affinis? Riipp. Mus. Senck. 1834, 210.

| longipes Vieill. Pl. col. 386.; Charadrius frenatus Lath. Lambert’s
Icon. ined. iii. t.41.; ? Charadrius magnirostris* Lath. Lambert's
| Icon. ined. ii. t. 19.

3. GEd. maculosus Temm. PI. col. 292.— CEd. capensis Licht.
4, CEd, bistriatus (Wagl.) Isis, 1829. 648.—Eid. vocifer L’ Herm,
Mag. de Zool. 1837. pl. 84.; GEd. americanus Swains.

6. CEd. giganteus Licht. Isis, 1829. 647.

Esacus Less.

Bill much longer than the head, strong, the culmen more or less straight, with the base cultrated, and
the tip gradually or suddenly hooked; the base broad, and the sides gradually compressed to the tip ;
the lateral margins more or less curving upwards to the tip, and angulated at the base; the lower
mandible strong, with the gonys half its length, angulated, and advancing upwards to the tip; the
nostrils placed in a membranous groove, rather less than half the length of the bill, with the aperture

longitudinal, anterior, and near the marein.
f=) b] ’ oO

They inhabit the wide sandy banks of the larger rivers of India during the winter, and, as the summer advances,
migrate to the northern parts of India. Their food consists of crabs and other hard shellfish. They are also found

in the Indian Archipelago and Australia.

1. Es. recurvirostris (Cuy.) Less.—Carvanaca grisea Hodgs. ; 2. Es. magnirostris (Geoff.) Temm. PI. col. 387.

(Edicnemus recurvirostris Swains.

* The type of Illiger’s genus Burhinus, which was established in 1811 on Latham’s short description, taken from the badly executed
drawing referred to above.

¥ This is coequal with Carvanaca, of Mr. Hodgson, published in the Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 1836, p. 776.
M. Lesson’s name was published in 1831, in his Tvaité d’ Ornithologie, p. 547.

In 1841 he changed it to
Pseudops.

May, 1844.

GE IDIGNIE MON AE .

EL SACTS

VOUVVIV OSES.

-_—————_—_—<“4

MCZ LIBRARY’

HARVARD UNIVERS

MA USA

CAMBRIDGE.

¢

Order VII. GRALLE. Family I. Caaraprip2.

The second Subfamily,
CURSORIN &, or Covursers,

have the Bill moderate, slender, with the basal portion of the culmen weak, and somewhat cultrated
above the nostrils, beyond which it is slightly arched to the tip; the nostrils lateral, placed in a short,
subtriangular, membranous groove, with the opening longitudinal and exposed; the Wings lengthened
and pointed; the Tail short ; and the Legs lengthened, scutellated in front and behind, and with only

three slender toes in front.

Piuvianus Vieill.*

Bill shorter than the head, strong, broad at the base, and much compressed towards the tip, the
culmen at the base rather compressed to the front of the nostrils, and arched from thence to the tip, the
lateral margins nearly straight and bent inwards; the nostrils placed in a membranous space, longi-
tudinal and exposed. Wings lengthened, with the second quill the longest. Tal moderate, and nearly
even. Tarsi much longer than the middle toe, and transversely scaled in front and behind. Toes three

in front, slender, the lateral ones nearly equal; and the claws short, compressed, curved, and acute.

The type of this division is peculiar to Northern Africa; and it is on the sandy banks of the rivers, after the waters
have retired to their bed, that they are found in pairs or in small societies of seven or eight, seeking for various kinds
of insects which inhabit such places. It is said to enter the mouth of the crocodile (which is always kept open while
basking in the sun) to feed on the swarms of gnats that infest the palate of that animal, to such an extent, that the
palate, which is naturally yellow, becomes of a blackish brown colour in consequence of their numbers.

1. P. egyptius (Linn.) Pl. enl. 918. — P. chlorocephalus Vieill.; | de ’Egypte, Ois. t. 6. f. 4.3; Cursor charadrioides Wagi. ; Ammop-
Charadrius melanocephalus Gmel. ; Charadrius africanus Lath. Hist. | tila charadrioides Swaine.

Cursorius Lath.+

Bill moderate, broader than high at the base, laterally compressed to the tip, the culmen straight at
the base, and then gradually arched to the tip ; the nostrils placed in a membranous groove, longitudinal
and exposed. Wings lengthened, with the first two quills the longest. Tail short, and nearly even.
Legs lengthened, with the apical portion of the thigh naked, and scutellated for the length of the middle
_toe. Tarsi not less than twice the length of the middle toe, and covered with broad transverse scales
both in front and behind. Toes three in front, the outer longer than the inner ; the claws short and

slightly curved.

* Established by Vieillot in (Analyse, p.55.) 1816; in 1827 Gloger used in its place Hyas ; and in 1837 two names were proposed,
viz. Ammoptila by Mr. Swainson, and Cheilodromas by Dr. Riippell: these are coequal with the above.
+ Founded by Latham (Ind. Ornith. ii. p.751.) in 1790 ; Tachydromus Iliger (1811) and Cursor Wagler (1827) are coequal.

CURSORIN &.

- - : ——— ————— —_-—-— -- SS

These birds are inhabitants of Asia, Africa, and occasionally Europe. They are found on sandy deserts, or on the
open stony and grassy plains. In such places they are generally seen searching for insects and their larve. Their
flight is quick and powerful, and while on the ground they can run with incredible speed.

1. ©. gallicus (Gmel.) Pl. enl. 795. —C. europeus Lath. ; C. 4. C. rufus Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1836. 81., Gould's Icones,
isabellinus Meyer. Dears
2. C. senegalensis (Licht.) Cat. Dupl. Mus. Berl. p. 72. — C. 5. C. Burchellii (Swains.) Two Centuries and a Quarter, p.
Temminckii Swains. Zool. Ill. t. 106. ; C. asiaticus (Temm.) Swains. | 340,
B. of W. Afr. ii. t. 24. 6. C. bicinctus Temm, Man. d’Orn, ii., Jard. & Selby’s Illust.
3. C. coromandelicus (Gmel.) Pl. enl. 892., Vieill. Gal. des Ois. t. | Orn. t. 48.— Tachydromus collaris Vieill.; Cursorius grallator
282, — C., asiaticus Lath.; Cursor frenatus Wagl.; Tachydromus | Leadb,
orientalis Swains. 7. C. chalcopterus Temm. Pl. col. 298.

Oreopuitus Jard. § Selby.*

Fill lengthened, straight, slender, laterally compressed throughout, the culmen straight to the front of
the nasal groove, and then slightly arched to the tip; the lateral margins nearly straight; the nostrils
placed in a lengthened membranous groove (which is two thirds the length of the bill), the opening basal,
longitudinal, and exposed. Wings lengthened, with the first quill the longest. Tail moderate and
rounded. Legs lengthened, the apical portion of the thigh scutellated for nearly the length of the
middle toe. Tarsi rather less than twice the length of the middle toe, and scutellated with transverse
scales, both in front and behind. Toes three in front, the outer longer than the inner; and the claws

short, compressed, and slightly curved.

This species is found in Chili and the Falkland Islands. In the former country it appears in the plains, in small
flocks, during the winter.

O. totanirostris Jard. & Selby’s Ill. Orn. t. 151.

* This genus was established by Sir W. Jardine and Mr. Selby in their [//ustrations of Ornithology, but the exact date is unknown to me.

July, 1844.

CUIRS OIRIUNAS.

Imandel's Patent Inthotat

CUR SOROS
PAM GYHMHS Temi

Order VII. GRALLZ. Family I. CHARADRIADZ.

The third Subfamily,

GLAREOLIN A, or Pratincotes,

have a short Bill, which is broad at the base, and laterally compressed to the tip; the Wings very long,
with the first quill the longest ; the Legs moderate, with the tip of the tibia naked; the Toes three in

front, and one posteriorly, which is elevated.

GLAREOLA /riss.*

Bill short, broad at the base, much compressed to the tip, with the culmen depressed at the base,
elevated and arched to the tip, the lateral margins curved; the nostrils basal, lateral, and oblique.
Wings lengthened, pointed, extending beyond the end of the tail, with the first quill longest. Tail
moderate, and more or less forked. Legs moderate and slender, with the tarsi scutellated, and the
middle toe and claw lengthened; the outer toe longer than the inner, and united at the base to the
middle one; the hind toe very short, elevated, but touching the ground; and the claws rather long,

nearly straight, that of the middle toe slightly pectinated on one side.

These few species inhabit the temperate and warmer parts of the Old World. They frequent the borders of rivers,
lakes, and marshes, both in the plains and on the mountains. Their food consists chiefly of worms, flies, orthopterous
and aquatic insects, which they take on the wing like the swallows, and on the ground, where they can run very
quickly. They form a slight nest on the surface of the ground, among the rushes and thick herbage in the marshes,

wherein they deposit several eggs.

1. G. pratincola (Linn.) Pall. Pl. enl. 882.— Glareola austriaca 4. G. orientalis Leach, Linn. Tr. xiii. pl. 13.

Gmel. Leach, Linn. Tr. xiii. pl. 12. ; Glareola nevia Gmel. ; Glareola 5. G. isabella Vieill. Gal. des Ois. t. 263. —Glareola grallaria
senegalensis Gmel.; Glareola torquata Meyer. Temm.; Glareola australis Leach, Linn. Tr. xiii. pl. 14.

2. G. Nordmanni Fisch. — Glareola pratincola Pail. 6. G.lactea Temm. Man. ii. 503., Pl. col. 399.

3. G.limbata Riipp. 7. G. cinerea Fras. Proc. Z. 8. 1843. 26.

* Brisson established this genus in (Ornithologie) 1760 ; and in 1777 Scopoli proposed Trachelia.

May, 1844.

GLARELOLA

COREP CH. LIPASE?

MCZ LIBRARY

<x
a)
=|
‘&t
ae
Lu

D UNIVERSITY

HARVAR
CAMBRIDG

oo
: SF
(oo

1¢catcoyseeaieeel ene

GQ IOUCGINIS MT

AE

MCZ LIBRARY _ |
HARVARD UNIVERSITY <s
CAMBRIDGE. MAUSA™

Order VII. GRALL#. Family 1V. CHarapripa.

The fourth Subfamily,
CHARADRIN&, or Provers,

have the Bill more or less long and slender, the culmen depressed at the base but vaulted at the tip,
the sides compressed and grooved; the Nostrils basal, linear, and placed in the groove of the upper
mandible: the Wings long and pointed : the Tail moderate, broad, and generally even: the Tarsi usually
long, and rather slender: the Toes sometimes three and sometimes four in number ; the outer toe longer

than the inner, and more or less united at the base: the Claws small, compressed, and curved.

VaneELLus Linn.*

Bill shorter than the head, slender, and straight, with the basal portion rather depressed, and the
apical part strong, vaulted, and curved, the sides compressed, and the sides of each mandible grooved
for two thirds of their length; the gonys short and straight; the nostrils lateral, in the groove of the
upper mandible. Wings very long and pointed ; with the first quill shorter than the second and third,
which are equal and longest. Tail moderate, broad, and even. Tarsi longer than the middle toe,
rather slender, and covered in front with transverse scales; the tibia sometimes covered with feathers
nearly to the knee. Toes four; the anterior ones rather long, the outer toe longer than the inner, and
united at the base; the hind toe short, not reaching to the ground; the claws short, compressed, and

slightly curved.

The species that compose this genus are found in Europe, America, and Northern Africa. They inhabit in pairs the
marshy moors, or the dry, open, or cultivated districts; but, on the approach of winter, usually frequent the downs and
sea-shore, where they live in flocks. Their flight is rapid, and at times performed with numerous singular evolutions,
uttering a series of often repeated notes, and while on the ground they run with great speed. Worms form their chief
food; these they procure during twilight, by turning the worm casts on one side, and, after walking round them two or
three times, by way of communicating motion to the ground, the worms come out, and the watchful birds, seizing hold
of them, draw them forth. They also feed on slugs and insects in their various stages. The nest is formed of dry
grass, and is placed in a slight hollow in the ground. The eggs are four in number. The young are covered with
down, and are carefully tended by the parent until they are capable of protecting themselves. Should they be
disturbed, various stratagems are resorted to to attract attention from the nest or young.

* Established by Linneus in 1735. Parra of Lacépéde (between 1800 and 1801) is coequal.

CHARADRIN #&.

1. V. cristatus Meyer, Pl. enl. 242. — Tringa vanellus Linn. 4. V. ptiloscelis G. R. Gray.
Gould, B. of Eur. pl. 291.; T. bononiensis Gmel. ; Vanellus gavia 5. V. leucurus Licht. Eversm, Reise nach Buchara, p. 137.,
Licht. ; V. egyptius Hempr. Descr. de l'Egypte, Ois. t. 6. f. 2.— Vanellus flavipes Sav.; V.
2. V. cayennensis (Gmel.) Pl. enl. 836.— Charadrius lampro- | Villotei Audowin.
notus Wagl. 5. ? V. grallarius Less. Tr. d’Orn. p. 542.

3. V. resplendens Tschudi, Wiegm. Archiv. 1843. p. 388.

Cuertusia Pr. Bonap.*

Lill moderate, and more or less strong, with the culmen depressed at the base and vaulted at the
tip, the sides compressed and grooved ; the nostrils lateral, basal, and placed in the groove of the upper
mandible, which extends for two thirds its length, with the opening linear. Wings long and pointed ;
with the first, second, and third quills nearly equal and longest. Tail moderate, broad, and even.
Tarst much longer than the middle toe, slender, and covered in front with divided broad scales. Toes
four ; the three anterior toes long and rather slender ; the outer toe longer than the inner, and united at
the base; the hind toe short and elevated. The front of the head sometimes lobed, and the wing some-

times armed with a spine.

The species are found in Europe, Asia, Africa, South America, Australia, and the West India Islands. They
frequent in flocks the borders of lakes and humid places, and even at times the open plains. They are continually
uttering their notes, whether on the wing or on the ground. Their food consists of various kinds of insects and small
crustaceous animals. The nest is composed of grass collected together into a slight hollow on the ground. The eggs
are two or three in number.

1. C. gregaria (Pall.) Pr. Bonap. Pall. Reise, i. p. 456., Zoogr. 6. C. albicapiila (Vieill.) Nouv. Dict. d’Hist. Nat. xxxv. p. 205.,
ii, t. 56.— Tringa Keptuschka Lepech.; T. fasciata Gmel. juv. Gal. des Ois. t. 236.; Vanellus strigilatus Swains. B. of W. Afr.
It. ii. p. 194. t. 26., Fauna pontica, t. 3.; Charadrius Wagleri , ii. pl. 27:

Gray, Ill. Ind. Zool. pl., Gould, B. of Eur. pl. 292. ; Pluvianus 7. C. lateralis (A. Smith), Tll. Zool. S. Afr. Birds, pl. 23.
cinereus Blyth. 8. C. macroptera (Cuv.) — Vanellus tricolor Horsf.

2. C. indica (Bodd.) Pl. enl. 307.— Parra goensis Gmel. 9. C. cucullata (Temm.) Pl. col. 505.

Gould, Cent. of B. pl. ; Type of Lobivanellus Strickl. 1841. 10. C. lobata (Lath.).

3. C. gallinacea (Wagl.) Jard. & Selby, Ill. Orn. pl. 84. | 11. C. melanocephala (Riipp.) Syst. Uebers. &c. t. 44,

4. C. miles (Bodd.) Pl. enl. 835. — Parra ludoviciana Gmel. ; 12. C. personata (Gould), Proc. Z. 8. 1842. p. 113., Gould,
Charadrius callceeas Wagl. | B. of Austr. pl.

5. C. senegalla (Linn.) Pl. enl. 362. | 18. C. dominicana (Linn.) -— Charadrius Brissonii Wagl.

Eryturoconys Gould.t

Bill moderate and rather strong, the sides compressed and grooved ; the nostrils lateral, basal, and
placed in a groove that extends three fourths of the length of the upper mandible, with the opening
near. Wings moderate and pointed, with the first quill the longest. Tail short and even. Tarsi

much longer than the middle toe, slender, and covered in front by transverse scales. Toes four; the

* It was in 1839 that the Prince of Canino established this genus. It embraces Lobivanellus (1841) of Mr. Strickland.
7 Mr. Gould established this genus in 1837 (Proc. Zool. Soc. 1837. p. 155.).

6 Q

CHARADRIN &.

anterior ones slender, the outer toe longer than the inner, and united by a membrane at the base; the
hind toe extremely small, and free.

The type of this genus is found in Australia, where it frequents the borders of the inland lagoons, muddy flats, and
banks of rivers, in the wet seasons, seeking its food, which consists chiefly of insects.
and is far from being shy.

It is usually observed in pairs,

E. cinctus Gould, Syn. Austr. B. pl. — Vanellus rufiventris Less.

Hopnoptrerus Pr. Bonap.*

Bill moderate and slender, with the basal portion of the culmen depressed and the tip vaulted, the
sides compressed and grooved ; the nostrils lateral, basal, and placed in the upper lateral groove, which
extends for two thirds the length of the bill, with the opening linear. Wings long and pointed; with
the first quill nearly as long as the second and third, which are equal and longest. Tail moderate,
broad, and even. Tarsi much longer than the middle toe, and covered in front with larger scales, which
are more or less divided in the middle. Toes three, more or less long and slender; with the outer toe
longer than the inner; the hind toe wanting; the claws small, compressed, and slightly curved. The
front of the head sometimes more or less lobed, and the wings sometimes armed with an acute spine or

blunt tubercle.

The species of this division are found in Africa, Asia, and South America. Their manners and habits are similar

to those of the last genus.

Brisa: Orn, vs ¢. 7: f. 2. ;
33° Ch.

1. H. spinosus Linn. Pr. Bonap.,
Charadrius ventralis Wagl. Gray, Ill. Ind. Zool. pl.

7. H. armatus (Jard. & Selby), Il]. Orn. pl. 54. — Charadrius
albiceps.Temm. Pl. col. 526.

Duvaucelii Less.

2. H. persicus (Bonn.) Edwards’s Birds, pl. 47. 280., Pl. enl.
801. —Charadrius spinosus var. (3. Linn. Descr. de lEgypte,
Ois. t. 6. f. 3.; Vanellus melasomus Swains. B. of W. Afr. ii.
pl. 26., Gould, B. of Eur. pl. 293.

3. H. speciosus (Licht.) Wagl. Isis, 1829. p. 649.

4. H. inornatus (Swains.) B. of W. Afr. ii. p. 239.

5. H. cayanus (Lath.) Pl> enl. 833. — Charadrius stolatus
Wagl.

6. H. coronatus (Bodd.) Pl. enl. 800. —- Charadrius atricapillus
Gmel. ?

8. H. tectus (Bodd.) Pl. enl. 834. — Charadrius pileatus Gmel. ;
Type of Sarciophorus Strickl. (1841).

9. H. tricolor (Vieill.) Nouv. Dict. de l’Hist. Nat. xxxv. p. 147.
— Charadrius pectoralis Cuv.

10. H. malabaricus (Bodd.) Pl. enl. 880. — Charadrius bilobus
Gmel.

11. H. Spiaii (Wagl.) Syst. Av. Charad. sp. 7.— Charadrius
lugubris Less.

12. H. ruficollis (Licht.) Isis, 1829. p. 653.

13. H. myops (Less.) Tr. d’Ornith. p. 546.

SquatTarRoLa Cuv.t

Bill nearly as long as the head, more or less strong and straight, with the basal portion of the culmen

depressed, the apical part strong, vaulted, and curved, the sides compressed and grooved on both

mandibles; the gonys short and ascending ; the nostrils, basal, lateral, linear, and placed in the groove

* The Prince of Canino established this genus in 1831.
synonymous. It embraces Sarciophorus of Mr. Strickland (1841).

+ Cuvier established this division in 1817 (Régne Animal, p. 467.).

Philomachus G. R. Gray (1840) and Acanthopteryx of Leach MSS, are

Vanellus Moehring (1752) is synonymous.

CHARADRIN &.

which extends beyond half the length of the bill. Wings long and pointed, with the first quill the longest.
Tail long, broad, and rounded. Tarsz longer than the middle toe, slender, and covered with reticulated
scales in front. Toes four ; the outer toe longer than the inner, and united at the base by a membrane ;
the hind toe very small, and not touching the ground; the claws small, compressed, and slightly

curved.

The species are found in both hemispheres. They migrate from the temperate regions to the arctic and antarctic
circles, where they pass the warmer months. They frequent the margins of rivers and marshy places, as well as the
sandy sea-shores. They run with rapidity, uttering at the same time a shrill piping whistle. Their food consists of
worms, slugs, and various kinds of insects. Their nest is formed in a slight hollow on the ground, lined with dry

grass. The eggs are four in number.

1. S. helvetica (Linn.) PI. enl. 853, 854. 923. — Tringa squa- 2. S. modesta (Licht.) Hartl. Cat. Dupl. Berl. Mus. p. 71. —
tarola Gmel.; Vanellus melanogaster Bechst.; Charadrius hypo- Tringa D’Urvillei Garn.; Vanellus cinctus Less. Voy. de la

melanus, et Ch. Pardela Paill.; Vanellus griseus et V. varius | Coqu. t. 43.; Charadrius rubecola King, Jard. & Selby, Ill. Orn.

Briss. ; Ch. apricarius Wils. Amer. Orn, pl. 57. f.4., Gould, B. of | t. 13.
Amer. pl. 384. |

” ; Cuaraprivus Linn.*

&

Bill more or less short, robust, and straight; the culmen, for two thirds its length, usually depressed,
and the tip vaulted and curved; the sides compressed, and furnished in both mandibles with a
groove, which extends on the upper mandible for two thirds of its length; the nostrils basal, linear,
and placed in the groove. Wings long and pointed, with the first quill the longest. Tail moderate,
broad, and rounded. Tarsi longer than the middle toe, more or less slender, and covered in front with
small reticulated scales. Toes three, moderate ; the outer toe longer than the inner, and more or less
united at the base by a membrane, the inner toe usually free; the hind toe wanting; the claws small,

compressed, and slightly curved.

The species of this genus are found in most parts of the world. They are usually observed in small flocks in the
neighbourhood of the sea-coast, viz. the bays, creeks, and mouths of rivers, especially those that are composed of
gravel; but sometimes during the summer months, when they separate in pairs, they frequent the inland banks of
rivers, lakes, and the elevated mountains or open moors. Their food consists of small insects of various kinds, in their
different states, also small molluscous animals. These they are actively seeking for in the evening and the night, but
during the day they generally remain quiet in a resting posture. Their flight is strong, and performed with-rapidity,
but does not proceed far at a time, and they sometimes run with great swiftness. The note is composed of a plaintive
whistle often repeated. The nest is a slight hollow, lined with a few stems of dry grass. The eggs are usually four
in number, and when they are hatched the parents protect them until they are able to fly. If disturbed by an enemy
they generally run for some distance from the nest, and then usually pretend that they are unable to fly, tumbling over

on the ground, and feigning lameness.

* Linneus established this division in 1735. Pluvialis of Brisson (1760) is coequal. It embraces Eudromias and Aigialetes of
M. Boie (1822) (with the latter name Hiaticula G. R, Gray (1840) is synonymous), and probably Pipis of M. Lichtenstein (1793) and
Autruchon of M. Temminck.

CHARADRIN &.

1. C. pluvialis Linn. PI. enl. 904. — Charadrius auratus Suckow.; |
Ch. apricarius Linn. ; Ch. aurea Macgill. ; Ch. virginicus Bechst.
Gould, B. of Eur. pl. 294. ; Ch. pluvialis Wils. Amer. Orn. pl. 59. |
f. 5., Edwards’s Birds, pl. 140. ; Ch. xanthocheilus Jard. & Selby,
Ill. Orn. pl. 85.

2. C. virginicus Bork, — Charadrius marmoratus Temm. Wagl.
Syst. Av. Char. sp. 12., Azara, No. 389, 390. ; Ch. pectoralis
Vieill. ; Ch. affinis Boie, Audub. B. of Amer. pl. 300.

3. C. fulvus Gmel. — Charadrius glaucopis Forst. Desc. Anim.

p- 176., Icon. ined. 123.; Ch. taitensis Less.

4. C. xanthocheilus Wag]. — Charadrius fulvus var. Lath. /

5. C. obscurus Gmel. — Charadrius glareola Forst. Desc. Anim.
p- 109., Icon. ined. 122., Zool. Terr. and Ereb. Birds, pl. 9.

6. C. melanopterus Riipp. Zool. Atlas, t. 31.

7. C. morinellus Linn. Pl. enl. 832., Pall. Zoogr. t. 57. — Cha-
radrius tataricus Paill.; Ch. sibiricus Gmel. Gould, B. of Eur. pl.
294. ; Type of Eudromias Boie (18—).

8. C. asiaticus Pall. Reise, ii. 715. — Charadrius caspius Pall. |
Zoogr. ii. 136. t- 58.; Ch. jugularis Wagl.; Ch. sanguineus
Less.

9. C. cirrhipedesmus Wagl. Syst. Av. sp. 18.

10. C. mongolus Pall. Reise, iii. 703. — Charadrius
Wagl.

11. C. columbinus Hemp. et Ehrenb. Isis, 1829. p. 650., Desc.
de l’ Egypte, Ois. t. 14. f. 1.

12. C. australis Gould, Proc. Z. S. 1840. p. 174.

13. C. vociferus Linn. Catesby’s Carol. pl. 71., Wils. Amer. Orn.
pl. 59. f. 6.— Charadrius torquatus Linn. Briss. Orn. v. t. 6.
f. 2., Pl. enl. 286.; Ch. jamaicensis Gmel. Sloan. Jam. p. 318.
t. 265. f. 3., Griff. An. Kingd. iii. p.460. pl. ., Audub. B. of
Amer. pl. 225.

14. C. hiaticula Linn. Pl. enl. 921., Wils. Amer. Orn. pl. 59.
f. 3., Gould, B. of Amer. pl. 296., Descr. de l’Egypte, Ois. t. 14.
f, 1.—Charadrius egyptius Linn. ? ; Ch. trochilus Cuv ? ; Hiaticula
torquata Leach ; Type of Hiaticula G R Gray (1840).

15. C. ecuronicus Beseke, Pl. enl. 921. — Charadrius minor
Meyer ; Ch. minutus Pall. ; Ch. fluviatilis Bechst. ; Ch. intermedius
Meénétr.; Ch. philippinus Lath. Sonn. Voy. t. 46.; Ch. dubius
Scop. ; Ch. zonatus Swains. B. of W. Afr. ii. pl. 25., Gould, B.
of Eur. pl. 297. ; Ch. hiaticuloides Frankl.

16. C. pusillus Horsf. Linn. Trans. xiii. p. 187.

17. C. cantianus Lath. Lewin, Brit. Birds, pl. 185.— Charadrius
albifrons Meyer ; Ch. littoralis Bechst. ; Ch. alexandrinus Hasselq.
Gould, B. of Eur. pl. 298.

18. C. pyrrhothoram Temm. Gould, B. of Eur. pl. 299.

19. C. inconspicuus Wagl. Isis, 1829. p. 651.

20. C. Geoffroyi Wagl. Syst. Av. Charad. sp. 19., Kittl. Kupf.

gularis

der Vog. t. 34. f. 2.—Charadrius Leschenaultii Less. ; Ch. rufinus
Hodgs.

21. C. atrifrons Wagl. Isis, 1829. p. 650.

22. C. rufinus Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xii. p. 180. — Cha-
radrius subrufinus Hodgs,

23. C. russatus Jerd. Madr. Journ. 1840. p. 213.

24. C. tricoliaris Vieill. Nouv. Dict. d’Hist. Nat. xxvii. p. 147.
— Charadrius bitorquatus Wagl. Ency. Méth. Ois. t. 233. f. 4.

25. C. pecuarius Temm. PI. col. 183.—Charadrius pastor Cuv. ;

| Ch. varius Vieil/, Kittl Kupf. der Vog. t. 34. f. 1.

26. C. marginatus Vieill. Nouv. Dict. d’Hist. Nat. xxvii. p- 138.
— Charadrius leucopolius Wagi.

27. C. leucogaster Gmel. — Charadrius superciliaris Bonn.

28. C. cucullatus Vieill. Nouv. Dict. d’Hist. Nat. xxvii. p. 136.
— Charadrius monachus Geoffr. Ellis, Icon. ined. 67. (1777).

29. C. melanops Vieill. Nouv. Dict. d’Hist. Nat. xxvii. p. 139.
— Charadrius nigrifrons Cuv. Pl. col. 47. f. 1.; Ch. rubricollis
Lath. ?

30. C. bicinetus Jard. & Selby, Ill. Ornith, pl. 28., Gould, Syn.
B. of Austr. pl. f. 3. (head).

31. C. canus (Gould), Proc. Z. 8. 1837. p. 154.

32. C. ruficapillus Temm. Pl. col. 47. f. 2. — Charadrius mar-
ginatus Cuv.

33. C. collaris Vieill. Nouv. Dict. d’Hist. Nat. xxvii. p. 136.,
Azara, No. 392. — Charadrius Azara J'emm. PI. col. 184. ; Ch. lar-
vatus Less. 2

34. C. trifasciatus Licht. Cat. Dupl. Berl. Mus. p.
radrius bifasciatnus Wagl.

35. C. nebulosus Less. Man. d’Ornith. ii. p. 315. — Charadrius
fulvus Cuv.

36. C. Wilsonius Ord, Wils. Amer. Ora. pl. 73. f. 5. — Chara-
drius crassirostris Spiz, Av. Bras. t. 94., Audub. B. of Amer. pl.
219.

37. C. melodus Ord, Wils. Amer. Orn. pl. 37. f. 3. — Chara-
drius Okenii Wagl. Audub. B. of Amer. pl. 220.
38. C. semipalmatus Kaup, Isis,’ 1825. p.

Amer. pl. 330.

39. C. montanus Towns. Audub. B. of Amer. pl. 350.

40. C.? falklandicus Lath. Portl. Voy. pl. p. 36.—Charadrius
annuligerus Wagl. ; Ch. pyrrhocephalus Garn. & Less.

41. C. brevirostris Pr. Max. Beitr. iv. 769.

42. C. fuscus Lath. Lamb. Icon. ined. iii. 16.

43. C. nesogallicus Desj. Proc. Z. 8. 1836. p. 204.

44. ? C. nivifrons Cuv. Less. Tr. d’Ornith. p, 544.

45. ? C. heteroclitus Licht. Cat. Berl. Mus. 1793. p. 33. ; Type
of Pipis Licht. (1793).

46. ? C. bidactylus. — Type of Autrucbon Temm.

. — Cha-

., Audub. B. of

THINORNIS.*

Bill long, straight, and slender, with the apex scarcely vaulted, and acute, the sides compressed, and

both mandibles grooved; the nostrils lateral, placed in a groove that extends for two thirds the length

* Established in 1846 (Zool. Ereb. and Terr. Birds, p. 11.).

It probably embraces Anarhynchus of Quoy et Gaim. (1833). The

form of the bill may be occasioned by accidents ; therefore, should this bird prove to belong to this genus, this name appears to be inad-

missible,

In the Leyden Museum there is a specimen of the typical species with the bill bent towards the breast.

CHARADRIN &.

of the bill, and the opening linear. Wings long and pointed, with the first and second quills nearly
equal and longest. Tazl long and rounded. Tarsi as long as, or shorter than, the middle tce, strong,
and covered with small scales. Toes three, more or less.long and robust; with the outer toe rather

longer than the inner, and united at the base by a membrane, and all margined on the sides; the hind

toe wanting.

1. T. nove seelandie (Gmel.) Lath, Gen. Syn. pl. 83. —Cha- | 3. T.? frontalis (Quoy et Gaim.) Voy. de l’Astrol. Ois. t. 31.
radrius torquatula Forst. Desc. Anim. p. 108. Icon. ined. 121. f. 2. — Scolopax sumatrana Rafi. ?; Type of Anarhynchus Quoy
Zool. Ereb. and Terr. Birds, pl. 11.* ; Ch. Dudoroa Wagl. et Gaim. (1833).

2. T. Rossii G, R. Gray, Zool. Ereb. and Terr. Birds, p. 12.
pl. 11.

PuHEGoRNIs. +

Bill longer than the head, very slender, and straight, with the tip slightly vaulted, the sides
compressed and grooved; the nostrils basal, linear, and placed in the groove of the upper mandible,
which extends to near the tip. Wings long and pointed; with the first, second, and third quills equal
and longest. Tail moderate, broad, and rounded. Tarsi shorter than the middle toe, robust, and
covered in front with small scales. Toes three, very long, and rather slender ; the outer toe longer than

the inner, and both free at their bases ; the claws long, compressed, and slightly curved. :
The type of this division is an inhabitant of Chili.

P. Mitchelii (Fras.) Proc, Zool. Soc. 1844, p. 157., Zool. Typ. pl.

+ Mr. L. Fraser gave two names in 1844 for this division ; viz. Leptopus and Leptodactylus, both of which have been employed in
zoology.

March, 1847.

AVly) Wo seposoynd
VQITAN VA

Ty MOYEN 3 EpTeE

PRED Rg og

‘
TEES,
Pk ooks

MCZ LIBRARY

ce
me
2”
ja
22

D UN

CAMBRIDGE.

»
:

HARYVA:

’ e
©
2
4
4
‘ x
iP)
| t
=~
=
.
a
-
-
a
'
‘4
'
;
i }
‘
ve
@ |
7
A‘

Mcz LiBAALY.

HARVARD Universe
IARY IVER
CAMBRIDGE ima oh

CHAR

Gosek

re LL TY SII SR Ee CULL eS

MCZ LIBRARY
HARVARD UNIVERSITY -
CAMBRIDGE. MA USA ]

Order VII. GRALLE. Family I. Caaraprin2.

The fifth Subfamily,
HAMATOPODIN &, or OystEr-caTcueERs,

have the Bill lengthened, strong, with the apical half much compressed to the tip, which is obtuse ;
the Nostrils linear, and placed in a membranous lateral groove: the Wings long and pointed: the
Tail moderate: the Tarsi robust, and covered with small scales: the Toes three; the lateral toes united
at the base by a membrane, especially the outer one: the Claws strong, broad, and curved.

Heamatropus Linn.*

Bill longer than the head, strong, straight, with the culmen slightly depressed at the base, and the
apical portion much compressed to the tip, which is obtuse; the nostrils placed in a lateral membranous
groove, which reaches nearly to the middle of the bill, with the opening linear. Wings long, with
the first quill the longest. Tail moderate and even, or slightly rounded. Tars? strong, longer than
the middle toe, and covered with small reticulated scales. Toes moderate, strong; the lateral toes
united to the middle toe by a basal membrane, especially the outer: the claws strong, broad, and
slightly curved.

The species of this genus are distributed in most parts of the Old and New Worlds. ‘They live solitary, or in small
parties, on the sea shores or salt marshes, seeking their food, which consists of various bivalve mollusca, from the
retreating surf, or probing the moist mud or sand with their bills. The animal is obtained by breaking the shell, or, if
too strong for this process, by inserting the compressed ends of their mandibles between the valves: the same means
are employed to remove the limpets, which are generally firmly attached to the rocks, and the animals of which they
scoop out with their bills. They perform periodical migrations in large flocks; and their flight is strong, swift, and
capable of being long continued. They possess the power of swimming from one place to another, and even dive
should they wish to seek safety when wounded or alarmed. The nest is formed without care on the bare shingles of
the sea shore, or in such scanty herbage as sometimes grows about high-water mark, or in the salt marshes. ‘The
female usually deposits four eggs.

* Established by Linnzus in 1735. Ostralega of Brisson (1760) is synonymous.

HAMATOPODIN &.

1. H. ostralega Linn. Pl. enl. 229,—Ostralega pica Pall.; O.
hematopus Macgill. ;
Eur. pl. 300.; O. europwa Less.

2. H. capensis Licht, Cat. Dupl. Berl. Mus. p. 73.

8. H. arcticus Jard. & Selby, Ill. Orn. pl. 125.

1. TH. pa/liatus Temm.—Hematopus ostralegus Wils. Amer. Orn.
pl.64. f. 2., Jard. & Selby, Ill Orn. n.s, pl. 7., Audub. B. of Austr.
pl. 223.; Hematopus brasiliensis Licht.

5. H. leucopus Garn. Ann. des Sci. Nat. 1825, p.
luctuosus Cuv.

6. H. niger Cuy. Rég. An. 1817, p.469., Pall. Zoogr. ii. p.131.

December, 1847.

my
nm

Hematopus hypoleuca Pall, Gould, B. of

.—Hematopus |

— Hematopus ater Vieill. Gal. des Ois. t. 280., Quoy & Gaim.
Voy. de l’Uranie, Ois. t. 24.

7. H. unicolor Wagl. Isis, 1833, p.1229., Voy. Ereb. and Terr.
Birds, pl.

8. H. fuliginosus Gould, B. of Austr. pl.

9. H. Bachmanni Audub. B. of Amer. t. 427. f. 1.

10. H. Townsendit Audub. B. of Amer. pl. 427. f. 2.

11. H. longirostris Vieill. N. Dict. d’Hist. Nat. xy. p. 410. —
Hematopus picatus Vigors, King’s Voy. Austr. App. p. 420. ; H.
australasianus Gould, Proc. Z.S. 1837, p.155., B. of Austr, pl.

Mie mT LOO

SALOL FIN VH

'- =

-

MCZ LIBRARY
HARVARD UNIVERSITY
CAMBRIDGE. MA USA

Order VII. GRALLA. Family I. CHARADRIDZ.

The sixth Subfamily,
CINCLIN &, or Turnstones,

have the Bill rather short and straight, with the culmen straight and sometimes vaulted at the
apical portion, the sides compressed to the tip, which is obtuse or acute; the Nostrils placed in a mem-
branous groove, with the opening linear and longitudinal ; the Wings lengthened, with the first quill the
longest ; the Tail rather short; the Tarsi short, robust, and covered with small scales; the Toes long,

the lateral ones unequal, and free at their bases, the hind toe rather long, slender, and elevated.

Apuriza Audub.*

Bill shorter than the head, with the culmen elevated at the base, and sloping towards the tip, which is
vaulted and obtuse; the sides compressed ; the gonys moderate and curved upwards ; the nostrils lateral,
and placed in a membranous nasal groove that extends two thirds the length of the bill, with the
opening linear and longitudinal. Wings very long, pointed, and with the first quill the longest. Tail
moderate and even. Tuarsi the length of the middle toe, robust, and covered with small irregular scales.
Toes long, with the outer toe rather longer than the inner, both, however, being free at their bases,

the sides of the anterior toes margined, the hind toe elevated, slender, and partly resting on the ground.
The type of this genus is found on the coast of the western side of both North and South America, migrating from
the northern parts to the more temperate portions on the approach of the winter, and returning again to the old haunts
when the summer re-appears. It usually sits on the edge of the steep rocks, and while seeking its food, which consists
of small shells, among the retreating waves, it allows the heavy surf frequently to dash over it. If disturbed, it flies
with a quick jerking motion of its wings, and alights again at a short distance from the place whence it was started.

A. virgata (Lath.) Ellis, Icon. ined. 66,— Tringa borealis Lath. Ellis, Icon. ined. 62.; Aphriza Townsendii Audub. B. of Amer.
pl. 428.

Cincius Moehr.t+

Bill rather shorter than the head, straight, and slightly depressed at the base, with the culmen straight,
and the sides much compressed to the tip, which is truncated; the lateral margins of both mandibles

curved upwards at the tip; the gonys moderate and ascending ; the nostrils lateral, and placed in a

* Mr. Audubon established this genus in 1839 (Syn. of Amer. Birds, p. 225.).
{ Established by Moehring in 1752 (Genera Avium). Strepsilas of Illiger (1811), Movinella of Meyer (1810), and Arenaria of
Brisson (1760) are synonymous.

CINCLIN %.

— — = = = — LLEaSSESESESESIEEeEee—————K=—KxK—=«—== EE

membranous groove that extends half the length of the upper mandible, with the opening linear and —
longitudinal. Wings very long and pointed, with the first quill the longest. Tail moderate, and slightly
rounded, —Tarsi_ as long as the middle toe, robust, and covered in front with broad scales. Tes long, »
the outer toe rather longer than the inner, and both free at the base, and the sides of all margined by a

narrow membrane, the hind toe elevated, with the tip resting on the ground.

The species that compose this genus are found, owing to their migratory habits, on the sea-shores of most parts of
the world at one time or other of the year. They are generally seen in small flocks of five or six individuals,
following each retreating wave for the purpose of obtaining the shell-fish that may be thrown up by the action of the
sea. It is usual to observe them also among the sea-weeds that have been left on the shore by the retiring tide, turning
over the separate pieces of weeds to procure the shell-fish and insects that lie concealed among them. The form of the
bill enables these birds to turn over the shell and to scoop out the animal with great dexterity. The females are said
to deposit four eggs on the sand of the sea-coast.

2, C. melanocephalus Vigors, Pl. enl. 340. 857. — Strepsilas in-
terpres Audub. B. of Amer. pl. 304.

1. C. interpres (Linn.) Pl. enl. 856., Edwards's Birds, pl. 141.—
Strepsilas collaris Temm.; Tringa Morinella Linn.; Charadrius
cinclus Pall., Gould, B. of Eur. pl. 318.

PiuvianetLus Homb. § Jacq.

Bill small, with the base rather depressed, and the apical half slightly vaulted, and arched to the tip,
which is acute; the gonys half the length of the lower mandible, and ascending ; the nostrils lateral, and
placed in a membranous groove that extends for half the length of the bill, with the opening linear and
longitudinal. Wings very long and pointed, with the first quill the longest. Taz! moderate and slightly
rounded. TYarsi much shorter than the middle toe, and covered in front with transverse scales, and
on the sides with reticulated scales. Yoes long, with the outer toe longer than the inner, both free at
the base, and the sides of the fore toes slightly margined by a membrane ; the hind toe rather short and

elevated.

P. socialis (?) Homb. & Jacq. Voy. au Pole Sud, Ois, t. 30. f. 1.

December, 1846.

(4) WPIDAIA

VP ZIYWH d

' <7} ° Wall
New| eM Vo In

MCZ LIBRARY
HARVARD UNIVERSITY
CAMBRIDGE. MA USA

>.

CJON CILIUNAE . A

+t
WIIMIMIT Le
7 Sg

cacy

CIATCT ITS 37

LASINGLLM Suimerpres- 4.

UVIANELLUS soci

MCZ LIBRARY
HARVARD UNIVERSITY

CAMBRIDGE. MA USA

Order VII. GRALLZ.

The second Family,
ARDEID 4, or Herons,

have the Bill more or less long, and generally much compressed on the sides, with the culmen curved at
the tip, which is sometimes emarginated and acute ; the Wings moderate and rounded ; the Tail mostly
short, and rounded on the sides; the Tarsi lengthened and rather slender ; the Toes more or less long,
and rather slender, with the outer toe longer than the inner, and both united at their bases ; the hind toe
more or less short, and generally placed on the same level with the anterior toes.

The first Subfamily,
PSOPHIN A, or Trumpreters,

have the Bill moderate, with the culmen compressed at the base, vaulted at the apical portion, and
curved to the tip, which overhangs the lower mandible, and is obtuse; the nostrils placed in a
membranous groove, with the frontal plumes advancing to the opening ; the Toes moderate or short,
and the two outer ones united at their bases ; the hind toe short, and rather elevated above the base of
the anterior ones.

Psopuia Linn.*

Bill short, vaulted, and curved at the tip, which is prolonged over the lower mandible and obtuse ;
the sides compressed from the base; the nostrils placed in a large membranous groove, anterior, with
the opening large and oblique. Wings short and concave, with the first three quills graduated ; and the
fourth, fifth, and sixth equal and longest. Tail very short, and graduated on the sides. Tarsz very
long, rather slender, and covered with transverse scales. Toes moderate, with the outer toe longer than
the inner, but both united at the base, especially the former; the hind toe short, elevated, and scarcely
touching the ground: the claws long, compressed, curved, and acute.

The species are found in the tropical parts of South America, inhabiting the forests, where they search for grain and
fruits. They are usually discovered by the peculiar noise that they emit, which has procured for them the name of

trumpeters ; and if disturbed they seek safety by running, which is performed quickly and is much assisted by means
of expanding their wings. The nest is usually found on the ground at the foot of a tree. The female deposits two eggs.

1. P. crepitans Linn. PI. enl. 169. — Grus psophia Pall. | 3. P. leucoptera Spix, Av. Bras. ii. t. 84.
2. P. viridis Spix, Av. Bras, ii. t. 83.

* Established by Linneus in 1756.

PSOPHIN &.

————— SS ooo = CL

CariaMa Briss.*

Bill moderate and strong, with the apical portion vaulted and curved to the tip, which is hooked over
the lower mandible, and obtuse ; the sides gradually compressed from the base ; the nostrils placed in a
membranous and plumed groove, with the opening small and anterior. Wings moderate, with the first
quill very short ; and the fifth, sixth, and seventh the longest. Taz long, broad, and graduated. Tarsi

very long,

rather slender, and covered with transverse scales. Toes very short and thick, with the
outer toe rather longer than the inner, and both united at their bases, especially the outer; the hind toe

very short and elevated: the claws moderate, compressed, curved, and acute.

The typical species of this genus is found in the warmer parts of South America. It frequents, in pairs or in small
flocks, the margins of forests, but more especially the inundated places, where it feeds on lizards, frogs, and insects. Their
ery is sharp, loud, and capable of being heard at some distance.

©. cristata (Linn.) Lath. Hist. of Birds, ix. pl. 142., Ann. du | 237.— Microdactylus Marecgravii Geoffr.; Lophorhynchus sauro-
Mus. d’Hist, Nat. xiii. t. 26., Vieill. Gal. des Ois. t. 259., Pl. col. | phagus Vieidl.

* Established by Brisson in 1760. Microdactylus of Geoftroy (1808), Dicholophus of Illiger (1811), and Lophorhynchus of Vieillot
(1816) are synonymous with the name employed.

October, 1846.

or
n

PS OPHIA

Ceuncoplera

SPA

MCZ LIBRARY
HARVARD UNIVERSITY,
CAMBRIDGE. MA USA

CARIAMA cristata.2. PSOPHIA crepitans

2

MCZ LIBRARY
HARVARD UNIVERSITY.
CAMBRIDGE. MA USA

Order VII. GRALL. Family I. Arprrp.

The second Subfamily,
GRUIN &, or Cranes,

have the Bill more or less lengthened, straight, strong, with the tips of both mandibles pointed and equal
in length; the Nostrils placed in a deep groove, which extends beyond the middle of the bill; the Wings
long, and the tertials lengthened and pendent; the Tail short and even; the Tarsi very long and

slender; and the Toes rather short.

Grus Linn.*

Bill longer than the head, straight, both mandibles of equal length, with the tips pointed ; the sides
compressed, the basal part of the culmen flattened, and the apical part slightly curved to the tip; the
nostrils placed in a broad deep nasal groove which reaches beyond the middle of the bill, with the
opening placed anteriorly, large, and closed posteriorly by a membrane. Wings long, with the third
and fourth quills the longest, and the tertials lengthened and pendent. Tad rather short. Tarsi very
long, slender, and covered with transverse scales. Toes rather short, the outer united at the base to the

middle one, the lateral ones equal; the hind toe very short and elevated ; the claws short and strong.

These large birds are usually found on extensive plains, open ground under cultivation, marshes, or the muddy flats
of the sea shore. They regularly migrate to the warmer parts of the world during autumn and winter, but in summer
they retire to the northern and eastern parts to breed. Their flights are performed during the night in large flocks,
generally headed by a leader, who is followed by the remainder in two diverging lines, flying at a great elevation, and
uttering during stormy weather loud cries, which are distinctly heard though the birds are invisible. They find
great difficulty in rising from the ground, first flying low and heavily, and after a time rising in the air spirally to a
ereat height, flying around in large circles, as if reconnoitring the country to a vast extent for fresh quarters. When
wounded they possess great courage in defending themselves from the attacks of man, and have been known to inflict
very severe wounds with the bill. They feed on grain, seeds, worms, and insects, and also swallow mice and other
small animals, reptiles, and fish, The nest is usually made amongst the long herbage of marshy places, and is raised
above the surface of the ground, sometimes to the height of the body when standing, composed of grasses and reeds, &c.,
lined on the top with soft materials. They sometimes form their nests on the tops of ruins and houses. The female
deposits two eggs, over which each sex alternately stands while the other is engaged in watching.

1. G. cinerea Bechst. PI. enl. 769., Gould's B. of Eur. pl. 270. 6. G. americana (Linn.) Briss. Pl.enl. 889., Edwards’s Birds,
— Ardea Grus Linn. ; Grus vulgaris Pall. pl. 132., Wils. Amer. Orn. pl. 64. f. 3.— Grus Struthio Wagl. ;
2. G. leucogeranos Pall. It. ii. 714. 30. t.1., Zoogr. ii. 103. t. 54. | Ardea canadensis Linn., Edwards’s Birds, pl. 133.; Grus_ polio-
— Ardea gigantea Gmel. Reise ii. 189. t 21., Gould’s B. of Eur. | phea Wagl.; Grus mexicana Briss. Audub. B. of Amer. pl. 226.

pl. 271., Pl. col. 467. 261.
8. G. leucauchen Temm. PI. col. 449. | 7. G. Antigone (Linn.) Edwards’s Birds, pl. 45.— Grus_ orien-
4. G. monacha Temm. PI. col 555. | talis Frankl. Gal. des Ois. t. 256. ?
5. G. carunculata (Gmel.) Vieill. Lath. Syn. v. 82. t. 78. — 8. G. torquata Vieill. Pl. enl, 865.— Ardea Antigone var. (3
Ardea palearis Forst. Desc. Mam. p. 47., Icon, ined. t. 115. | Lath.

* This division was first established by Linneus (Systema Nature) in 1755 ; but I had by mistake confounded his type, and proposed
in its place Megalornis in 1841.

— = = a

GRUIN XE.

Scors Mehring.*

Bill the length of the head, straight, the sides compressed, the apical part of the culmen slightly
curved to the tips, which are equal in length, and the gonys long and slightly advancing upwards; the
nostrils placed in a nasal groove, which reaches beyond the middle of the bill, with the opening in a
longitudinal slit. Wings long, with the third and fourth quills the longest, and the tertials lengthened
and pendent. Tail rather short. Tarsi long and slender, and covered with transverse scales. ves
moderate, slender, and covered above with transverse scales, the lateral toes equal, the outer united at
the base to the middle toe, and the hind toe very short and elevated.

These birds migrate, according to the season of the year, from the eastern parts of Europe to the south coast of the
Black Sea and the Caspian. They are most commonly found in various parts of the continent of Africa, India, and
occasionally on the islands of the Mediterranean Sea; where they are usually observed in flocks on the plains, but they

prefer inundated and marshy situations after heavy rains. Their food is dependent on circumstances; it consists
principally of vegetables, but occasionally of insects, mollusca, and also fish, which they catch with great dexterity.

1. S. virgo (Linn.) Pl. enl. 241.—Grus numidica Briss. | Anthropoides Stanleyanus Vigors, Zool. Journ. ii. 234. pl. 8.; Te-
Edwards’s Birds, pl. 134. trapteryx capensis Thunb. Stockh. Vetensk, Acad. Hand. 1811.p. 242.

2. 8. vipio (Pall.) Zoogr. ii. 111. t. vill.; Grus capensis Less.

8. 8. paradisea (Licht.) Cat. Dupl. Berl. Mus. 1793. p. 28. —

Barearica Briss.

Bill shorter than the head, strong, thick, the basal half of the culmen flattened, and the apical half
slightly arched and gibbose, the sides compressed, the gonys of the under mandible short, and advancing
upwards; the nostrils placed in a broad nasal groove which reaches to the middle of the bill, with the
opening anterior, large, and oval. Wings lengthened, with the third quill the longest, and the tertials
broad and reaching to the end of the tail. Tail short and even. Tarsi lengthened, slender, and covered
in front with transverse scales, and posteriorly with small subquadrate scales. Toes moderate, slender,
and covered above with transverse scales; the lateral toes unequal, and the hind toe very short and
elevated. The cheeks naked, the base of the bill and the throat beneath wattled.

The continent of Africa, and occasionally the islands of the Mediterranean Sea, are the peculiar countries of these
birds, where they are supposed to migrate from place to place, mostly frequenting swampy situations where they seem
to subsist chiefly on fish, worms, and insects. At other times, however, they seek the plains, and vegetable substances
form their principal food. Their flight is elevated, powerful, and.capable of being sustained for a very considerable

time; they walk with a slow and somewhat stately gait, and in running they expand their wings, and are assisted by
the wind, which enables them to fly from danger with great speed.

1. B. pavonina (Linn.) Edwards’s Birds, pl. 192., Vieill. Gal. 2. B. regulorum (Licht.) Cat. Dupl. Berl. Mus. 1793, Pl. enl.
des Ois. t. 257. 265.

* Established by Meehring (Genera Avium) in 1752. It is coequal with Vieillot’s Anthropoides (1816) and Thunberg’s Tetrapteryx
(1818).

+ Established by Brisson (Ornithologie) in 1760 ; but, in 1752, Mcehring had proposed for this division the name of Ciconia, which
Linneus had previously employed for another genus.

July, 1845.

UWL) VIVPNIUNADI
SDQYD

~~
i ‘
x
’
*
4
2 Fi
‘
‘
Fi .
‘
' a
- : a
_ es
'
i > ;
- a ‘ > «
a - " 4 :
si4 ear ’
ah !
ba zs ;
4 J
ite .
ae) :
: -
ae ;
. °
* a
ns 4 i .
a rn
oy ¢ = t
ind i Y i

BRARY _

a= “qi - ee ee
Prien i Retr
a = =
/ en, S iP
.*
¢ i < fe
- = >
* ~ r } he =
ia.
~~ d :
. ‘
¥
a
+ *

ERSITY
JSA

NIV

mcz Ll
HARVARD U!
CAMBRID

a) es

| Wz LIBRARY
HARVARD UNIVERSITY
“CAMBRIDGE. MA USA

nm ae
Pine 7.)
5 ee ae nik
= :
Or .
oy ‘
%
1
ca
7,
e
—_
-

Order VII. GRALL. Family II. Arprmz.

The third Subfamily,
ARDEIN &, or Herons,

have the Bill more or less lengthened, and generally acute, with the gape extending beneath each eye ;
the Nostrils placed in the lateral groove, with the opening usually longitudinal, and partly closed by a
membrane: the Wings usually long, and the first quills more or less graduated: the Tail short and
even: the Tarsi long, slender, and covered with transverse scutellations or reticulated scales: the Toes
long, and more or less slender; the outer toe usually united at the base; sometimes both toes are
united at the base for some distance.

Evuryryca JIl.*

Bill long, rather slender, straight, with the culmen straight but slight, bent at the tip, which is
emarginated ; the nostrils lateral, basal, and placed in a deep groove which extends two thirds of the
length of the bill, with the opening linear, and partly closed by a membrane. Wings long and ample,
with the third and fourth quills equal and longest. Tal long, broad, and slightly rounded. Tarsz
longer than the midddle toe, slender, and covered in front with transverse scales. Toes long and slender ;
the outer toe longer than the inner, and united by a membrane; the latter one is free at the base ; the
hind toe short and rather elevated; the claws short and curved.

The species are found in the warmer parts of South America, where they frequent the inundated places and borders
of rivers. Their flight is continuous and rapid; and they are also capable of running, especially in sandy places, with
great agility. The crops of those specimens which have been examined were found to contain small crustaceous
animals ; but these birds are also supposed to feed on fish and other kinds of animals that are found in the margins of
running streams. It is among the interlaced and low branches of trees, within five or six feet of the marshy ground,
that the nest is formed with mud. The female lays two eggs.

1. E. Helias (Pall.) Ml. Pl. enl. 782. — Scolopax solaris Bodd. ; 2. E. major Hartl. Cat. Brem. Mus, p. 108.
Helias phalenoides Vieill.

* Established by Illiger in 1811 (Prod. Mam. et Av. p.257.). Helias of Vieillot (1816) is synonymous.

ARDEIN At.

ArpeEa Linn.*

Bill lengthened, and more or less slender, with the culmen nearly straight to the tip, which is acute
and emarginated, the sides compressed, and the lateral margins straight and sometimes serrated ; the
gonys moderate and ascending ; the nostrils lateral, basal, and placed in a groove which extends for
more than half the length of the bill, with the opening linear, and closed by a membranous scale.
Wings long; with the first quill nearly as long as the second and third, which are equal and longest.
Tail rather short, and even. Tarsi longer than, or as long as, the middle toe, rather slender, and covered
in front with transverse scales; those near the toes large, and of a hexagonal form. Toes long and
rather slender; the outer toe longer than the inner, and united at the base; the hind toe long; the

claws moderate, slight, curved, and acute.

The species of this genus inhabit most parts of the world, performing regular migrations according to the change of
seasons and the scarcity of food. They are usually seen standing solitary, in swamps or inundated places, shallow
rivers, or pools of water, with their necks drawn down between the shoulders, quietly watching the approach of a fish,
which they no sooner observe than they suddenly dart their bill upon it, and swallow it in an instant. They also feed
upon small quadrupeds, frogs, and various kinds of insects and some species have been observed perched on the backs
of cattle, and feeding on the larve of insects that infest their hide. The nest is usually built on the loftiest trees, and
on elevated buildings, or among the tall reeds on the borders of rivers and lakes, and is formed of sticks, lined with

small twigs loosely put together, which causes it to be large and flat. ‘The eggs are usually four or five in number.

1. A. cinerea Linn. Pl. enl. 755. — Ardea major Gmel, ; Ar.
rhenana Sand. Pl. enl. 787.; Ar. atra Gmel.? Gould, B. of Eur.
pl. 274.; Ar. Brag I. Geoffr. Voy. l'Ind. Ois. t. 8.

2. A. melanocephala Childr. & Vig. Denh. & Clapp. Nar. N. &
C. Afr. App. 201. — Ardea atricollis Wag/. Smith, Ml. Zool. 8. Afr.
Birds, pl. 86.

3. A. purpurea Linn. Pl. enl. 788. — Ardea botaurus Gmel. ;
Ar. rufa Scop.; Ar. purpurata Gmel.; Ar. variegata Scop.; Ar.
caspica Gmel. Reise, ii. t. 24.; Ar. monticola Peyr. ; Ar. rubiginosa
Gmel. Gould, B. of Eur. pl. 274.

4. A. Herodias Linn. Catesb. Carol. App. pl. 10. f.1., Wils.
Amer. Orn. pl. 65. f. 5., Audub. B. of Aust. pl. — Ardea hudsonias
Linn. Edwards's Birds, pl. 135.

5. A. occidentalis Audub. B. of Amer. pl. 281.

6. A. Cocoi Linn. — Ardea palliata 7//.; Ar. Soco et Ar. cerules-
cens Vieill,; Ar. maguari Spiz, Av. Bras. t. 90.; Ar. major Mol. ?

7. A. pacifica Lath. Jard. & Selby, Ill. Orn. pl. 90. — Ardea
bullaragang Wagl.

8. A. typhon Temm. PI. col. 475.

g. A. nobilis Blyth, Ann. of Nat. Hist. 1844. p. 175. — Ardea
insignis Hodgs.

10. A. goliat Temm. PI. col. 474., Riipp. Faun. Abyss. t. 26.

11. A. fusca Blyth, Ann, Nat. Hist. 1844. p. 176.

12, A. alba Gmel. Pl. enl. 886. — Ardea candida Briss. ; Ar.
egrettoides Gmel. Reise, ii. t. 25.; Ar. Torra et Ar. putea Buch.

13. A. egrettoides Temm. Mann. d’Orn. pt. iv. p. 374.

14.? A. longicollis Meyen, Nov. Acta, xvi. p. 104, — Ardeola
candidissima Cameli.

15. A. flavirostris Temm. Wagl. Syst. Av. Ar. sp. 9.

16. A. syrmatophorus Gould, Proc. Z.S. 1846. p. 5B: of
Austr. pl.

17. A. intermedia Wagl. Isis, 1829. p. 659.

18. A. melanopus Wagl. Isis, 1829. p. 660.

19. A. egretta Gmel. Pl. enl. 925.— Ardea leuce Ill. Wils.
Amer. Orn. pl. 61. f. 4.

20. A. nigrirostris Gray, Zool. Mise. p. 19., Ill. Ind. Zool. pl. 49.
1 OF:
21. A. modesta Gray, Zool. Mise. p. 19., Ill. Ind. Zoo]. pl. 49.
female

22. A. garzetta Linn. — Ardea nivea, N.C. Petr. xv. p. 458.
t. 17.; Ar. xanthodactylos Gmel.; Type of WHerodias Boie

(1822).

23. 2? A. orientalis Gray, Zool. Mise. p. 20., Ill. Ind. Zool. pl. 11.
pl. 65.

24. A. immaculata Gould, Proc. Z. 8. 1846. p. ., B. of Austr.
pl.

25. A. candidissima Gmel. Jacq. Vog. t. 13., Wils. Amer. Orn,
pl. 62. f. 4., Pl. enl. 901.— Ardea Thula Mol.

26. A. rufa Bodd. — Ardea rufescens Gmel. Pl. enl. 902, ; Ar-
dea Pealei Pr. Bonap. Amer. Orn. pl. 26. f. 1.

* Linneus established this genus in 1735. Herodias of M. Boie (1822) (with which Egretta of the Prince of Canino (1831) is coequal),
Garzetta of Dr. Kaup, Erodius of Mr. Macgillivray (1842), Ardeola (1822) and also Buphus (1826) of M. Boie, and Ardetta of G. R. Gray
(with which Ardeola of the Prince of Canino (1828) is coequal) are synonymous.

if

ARDEIN .

27. A. leucogaster Gmel. PI. enl. 350. — Ardea ludoviciana Wiis.
Amer. Orn. pl. 64. f. 1.

28. A. schistacea Ehrenb. Sym. Phys. Av. t. 6.

29. A. cerulea Linn. Catesb. Carol. pl. 76.— Ardea cyanopus
Gmel. ; Ar. plumbea Brown; Ar. cerulescens Lath. Pl. enl. 349. ;
Ar. chalybea Steph. Wils. Amer. Orn. pl. 62. f. 3.

30. ? A. ? — Ardea ardesiaca Less. Ornith. p. 575.

31. A. sacra Gmel. Ellis, Icon. ined. 58. ?

32. A. nove hollandie Lath. Phill. Bot. Bay, pl. p. 163. — Ardea
leucops Wagl.

33. A. jugularis Forst. Desc. Anim. p.172., Icon. ined. 114. —
Ardea cerulea var. Lath.; Ar. matook Vieill.

34. A. gularis Bosc, Act. de la Soc. d’Hist. Nat. i. t. 2. — Ardea
albicollis Vieill. Gal. des Ois. t. 253.

35. A. ardesiaca Wagl. Syst. Av. Ardea sp. 20.

36. A. agami Gmel. Pl. enl. 859. — Ardea fusca Lath. Pl. enl.
858.

37. A. comata Pall. Pl. enl. 348. 315.— Ardea castanea et A.
pumila Lepech.; Ar. ralloides Scop. ; Ar. Marsigli, Ar. squaiotta,
Ar. senegalensis, et Ar. erythropus Gmel.; Ar. botaurulus Schrk. ;
Ar. audax La Peyr.

38. A. leucoptera Bodd. Pl. enl. 911.—Ardea malaccensis Gmel. ;
Ar. speciosa Horsf. Zool. Res. pl.; Ar. Grayii Sykes, Gray, Il.
Ind. Zool. pl. 48. ; Type of Ardeola Boie (1822).

39. A. coromanda Bodd. — Ardea bubuleus Savig. Dese. d’ Egypte
Ois. t. 8. f. 1., Pl. enl. 610.; Ar. coromandelensis Kuhl; Ar. russata
Temm.; Ar. equinoctialis Mont.; Ar. Veranyi Roux; Ar. affi-
nis Horsf. ; Ar. leucocephala Cuv.; Ar. fiavirostris, bicolor, et rufi-
capilla Vieil/. ; Ar. caboga Penn.; Ar. lucida Rafin.

40. A. ? — Ardea leucoptera Vieill.

41. A. minuta Linn.

Gray.

Pl. enl. 323.— Ardea danubialis et A. |
soloniensis Gmel. Edwards's Birds, pl. 275. ; Type of Ardetta G. R.

42, A. exilis Gmel. Wils. Amer. Orn. pl. 65. f. 4. — Ardea
erythromelas, Ar. variegata, et Ar. involucris Vieill.
43. A. pusilla Vieill. N. Dict. d’Hist. Nat. xiv. 432. — Ardea

maculata Lath.

44. A. cinnamomea Gmel.-— Ardea nebulosa Horsf. Gray, Ill.
Ind. Zool. t. ii. pl. 66. f. 1.

45. A.

46. A.
Wagl.

47. A. calceolata Dubus, Bull. Acad. Brull. iv. p. 40. t.

48. A. virescens Linn. Catesb. Carol. pl. 80., Wils. Amer. Orn.
pl. 61. f.1.— Ardea chloroptera Bodd. ; Ar. ludoviciana, PI. enl.
909. ; Ar. torquata Mill. Illustr. pl. 60. ;
Cancroma maculata Bodd. Pl. enl. 912.

49. A. grisea Bodd. Pl. enl. 908.— Ardea scapularis, JVI. ;
Ar. cyanura et Ar. fuscicollis Vieil/. Azara, No. 358, 359.

50. A. javanica Horsf. Linn. Trans. xiii. p. 190.

51. A. thalassina Swains. Two Cent. and a Quart. p. 333.

52. A. Sturmii Wag). Syst. Av. Ardea sp. 37.— Egretta plumbea
Swains.

53. A. gutturalis Smith, Rep. of Exped. App. p. 57., Lll- Zool. 8.
Afr. Birds, pl. 19.

54, A. flavicollis Lath.
Gould, B. of Austr. pl.

55. A.

sinensis Gmel, — Ardea lepida Horsf:

nove guinee Gmel. Pl. enl. 926. — Ardea nigerrima

Ar. virgata Gmel. ;

Gray, Ill. Ind. Zool. pt. ii. pl. 66. f. 2.
.— Ardea nigra Vieill,
chalybea Vieill. — Cancrophagus brasiliensis Briss.

56. A, sumatrana Raffl. Linn. Trans. xiii. p. 325.
57. A. melanocephala Raff. Linn. Trans. xiii. p. 326.
58. A. picta Raff. Linn. Trans. xiii. p. 326.

59. A. asha Sykes, Proc. Z. 8S. 1832. p. 157.

60. A. rectirostris Gould, Proc. Z. S. 1843. p. 22.
61. A. Lessonii Wagl., Isis, 1831. p. 521,

62. A. ohula Mol.

Trertsoma Swains.*

Bill like those of the species of Ardea, but the Wings moderate, with the third and fourth quills

equal and longest. Taz! short and even.

covered with reticulated scales.

Toes rather short ;

Tarst longer than the middle toe, rather slender, and

the lateral toes equal, the outer slightly united at

the base; the hind toe long; the claws rather short, curved, and acute.

The birds that compose this division are inhabitants of South America; they are generally seen on the banks of
rivers and swamps, hiding themselves among the reeds if alarmed. It is on the ground, among the reeds, that the nest
is formed. The eggs are usually seven or eight in number.

1. T. brasiliense (Linn.) Brown, Ill. pl. 34.— Ardea lineata
Bodd. P|. enl. 860. ; Ar. Soco Vieill. ; Ar. fasciata Such.

2. T. tigrinum Gmel. Pl. enl. 790., Shaw, Nat. Mise. pl. 621.
— Ardea marmorata Vieill. Azara, No. 353.; Ar. flava Gmel.

* It was in 1827 that Mr. Swainson established this genus,

ARDEIN XX.

Boraurus Steph.*

Bill long and straight, with the culmen straight, flattened at the base, and rounded and curved to
the tip, which is strongly emarginated, and the sides compressed ; the gonys short and ascending; the
nostrils basal, and placed in a deep groove that extends for two thirds of the length of the bill, with
the opening linear. Wings long, with the first three quills equal and longest. Tail short and even.
Tarsi as long as the middle toe, rather strong, and covered in front with broad transverse scales. Toes

very long, and rather slender; the outer toe longer than the inner, and united at the base by a

>)

membrane ; the hind toe long, and rather slender; the claws very long, slightly curved, and very acute.

The species of this division are found in various parts of the world, frequenting those countries that are much
intersected by rivers, or possess extensive swamps or marshy woods. They remain sitting with the bill pointing
upwards during the day, among the reeds and long herbage of marshy and swampy places, and at twilight they seek
their food, which consists of fish, reptiles, and insects, and even small quadrupeds. They build their nest near the
water, among the reeds and long herbage, of which it is composed. The female lays four or five eggs.

1. B. stellaris (Linn.) PI. enl. 789. | freti Hudsonis Briss. Edwards’s Birds, pl. 136.; Ar. minor Wils.
2. B. poiciloptilus (Wagl.) Syst. Av. Ardea sp. 28.— Ardea | Amer. Orn. pl. 65. f. 3.; Ar. Mokoko Vieill.
australis Cuv.? ; Botaurus melanotus G. R. Gray, App. Dieffenb. | 5. B. pumilus Bodd. Pl. enl. 898. — Ardea philippensis Gmel. ;
New Zeal. ii. p. 196. _ Ar. radiolata Wagl.
3. B. pinnatus (Licht.) Wagl. Isis, 1829, p. 663. | 6. B. undulatus Gmel. Pl. enl. 763.
4. B. lentiginosus Mont. Orn, Dict. Suppl. p. . — Botaurus 7. B. heliosylus Less. Voy. de la Coqu. Ois. t. 44.

Nycricorax Steph.

Bill rather longer than the head, strong, with the culmen gradually curved, and the sides compressed
to the tip, which is emarginated ; the gonys long and ascending; the nostrils lateral, and placed in a
groove, with the opening linear, and closed by a membranous scale. Wings long; with the first quill
shorter than the second and third, which are equal and longest. Taz short and even. Tarsi as long
as the middle toe; rather strong; and covered with large irregular scales. Toes long, rather slender;
the outer toe longer than the inner, both united at their base, especially the former; the hind toe long,

rather slender, and on the same plane with the others; the claws moderate, curved, and acute.

The species are scattered in most parts of the world, and are mostly observed quietly resting during the day on the
high trees that grow near the banks of rivers, and in swamps; where, as the twilight approaches, they are actively
engaged in seeking their food, which consists of fish, reptiles, and large aquatic insects. The noise emitted by these
birds, especially during the breeding season, is extremely loud and discordant. It is on the tall trees, or on the ground
among the reeds in the swamps, that the nest is formed of sticks. The eggs are usually four in number. As soon as
the young have gained sufficient strength, they climb to the tops of the trees, where they are fed by the parents till
they are able to fly and support themselves.

* Mr. Stephens established this genus in 1819 (General Zoology, xi. p. 592.). Butor of Mr. Swainson (1837) is coequal.
+ Established by Mr. Stephens in 1819 (General Zoology, xi. p. 608.). Nyctiardea (1837) of Mr. Swainson, Scoteus of Count
Keyserling and Dr. Blasius (1840), and Nyctirodius of Mr. Macgillivray (1842) are coequal.

ARDEIN A.

1. N. griseus (Linn.) Strickl.— Ardea nyeticorax Linn. PI. 6. N. eucullatus (Wagl.) Isis, 1829, p. 661.
enl. 758, 759. ; Nycticorax europeus Steph.; Ar. badius Gmel. ; 7. N. manillensis (Vigors), Proc. Z, 8. 1831, p.8
N. ardeola Z'emm. 8. N. limnophilaw (Temm.) PI. col. 581.
2. N. nevius (Bodd.) Pl. enl. 939. — Ar. Gardeni Gmel. ; Ar. 9. N. goisagi (Temm.) Pl. col. 582.
maculata Vieill.; Ar. nycticorax Wils. Amer. Orn. pl. 61. f. 2. ; 10. N. erassirostris Vigors, Zool. Beechey’s Voy. p. 27.
Ar. tayazuquira Vieill.; Ar. noactli Gmel. et Ar. jamaicensis 11. N. violaceus (Linn.) Catesb. Carol. pl. '79., Wils. Amer.
Gmel. Azara, No. 355. 357.; Ar. cyanocephala Mol.? Kittl. | Orn. pl. 65. f.1.— Ardea cayanensis Gmel. Pl. enl. 899.; Ar.
Kupf. Vég. t.35. f.1.; Nycticorax americanus Pr. Bonap. sexsetacea Vieill.; Ar. callocephala Wagl.
3. N. leuconotus (Wagl.) Syst. Av. Ardea sp. 33. 12. N. pileatus (Bodd.) Pl. enl. 907., Pr. Neuw. Abbild. zur
4, N. australasie (Vieill.) N. Dict. d’Hist. Nat. xiv. p. : Naturg. Bras. t. 4.
5. N. caledonicus (Gmel.) Steph. Cock’s Voy. ii. pl. 50.— 13. N. sibilatriv Temm. Pl. col. 271. — Ardea cyanocephala
Ardea ferruginea Forst. Descr. Anim. p.274., Icon. ined. 111. ; | Vieill.

Ar. Sparmannii Wagl. Kittl. Kup. Vog. t. 35. f.2., Gould, B. of |
Austr. pl.

Scopus Briss.*

Bill long, with the culmen elevated at the base, keeled, and curved to the tip, which is hooked, the
sides much compressed, and grooved near the culmen from the base to the tip; the gonys long, and
curved upwards; the nostrils basal and lateral, with the opening linear, exposed, and partly closed by
a membranous scale. Wings long, with the third and fourth quills equal and longest. Tail short
and even. Tarsi longer than the middle toe, compressed, and covered with small reticulated scales.
Toes moderate ; the outer longer than the inner, both are united at their base by a membrane,
which extends along the sides to the tip; the hind toe moderate, and even with the others; the claws

rather short, and slightly curved.
The type of this genus is peculiar to Africa.

S. umbretta Gmel. Pl. enl. 796.

Cancroma Linn. +

Bill longer than the head, very depressed, and extremely broad and dilated towards the middle, with
the sides gradually compressed at the end ; the culmen prominently keeled, with a deep lateral groove that
extends to the tip, which is acutely hooked; the nostrils placed in the lateral groove on the surface of the
bill, with the opening longitudinal and partly closed by a membrane. Wings moderate, with the third
and fourth quills equal and longest. Taz/shortand rounded. Tars? rather longer than the middle toe,
slender, and covered in front with large irregular scales. Toes moderate ; the outer toe longer than the
inner, and slightly united at the base; the hind toe long, and even with the anterior toes; the claws

rather short, curved, and acute.

* Brisson established this genus in 1700. Cepheus of Wagler (1827) is synonymous.
+ Linneus established this genus in 1766. Cochlearius of Brisson (1760) and Cymbops of Wagler (1827) are synonymous.

ARDEIN &.

It is in the tropical parts of South America that the species of this genus is found. It frequents the marshy places,
and is said to perch on the trees that overhang the rivers, and thence it precipitates itself upon the fish which
may happen to swim beneath. It is also believed to feed on crabs.

S. cochlearia Linn, PI. enl. 38. 869.

PuatTaLEa Linn.*

Bill lengthened, straight, thin, much depressed and broadly dilated at the tip, which is spatula-formed,
with a lateral groove commencing on the forehead, extending and somewhat parallel with the edge to
the tip, which is slightly bent downwards; the nostrils basal, and placed in the groove, with the opening
oval, and partly closed by a membrane. Wings long, and the second quill the longest. Tail short.
Tarsi longer than the middle toe, rather slender, and covered with reticulated scales. Toes long; with
the anterior toes much united at their base by a membrane, which extends along the sides of the toes to
the tip ; the hind toe long, and rather elevated, and only partly resting on the ground; the claws short,

scarcely curved, and obtuse.

These migratory birds are found in most parts of the world. They frequent the marshy inlets of the sea, and the
borders of lakes and rivers, in which they wade about in search of the fry of fish, worms, frogs, and various aquatic
insects. They are capable of swimming, and even diving, in quest of their food. The nest is built both on
trees and among rushes or reeds in the swampy places to which they resort. It is formed of sticks, and the
female lays two or four eges.

1. P. leucorodia Linn. Pl. enl. 405., Sonn. Voy. t.52.?—Platalea | 3. P. Telfairii Vigors, Proc. Z.S. 1831, p. 41.
alba Scop.?; P.nivea Cuv. 4, P. regia Gould, Proc. Z.S. 1857, p. 106.
2. P. tenuirostris Temm. Man. d’Omith. p.ciii., Sonn. Voy. t. | 5. P. flavipes Gould, Proc. Z. 8. 1837. p. 106.
51.— Platalea nudifrons Cuv.; P.chlororhynchus Drap.; P. nivea | 6. P. ajaja Linn. PI. en). 165.
Burch.

* Jt was in 1735 that Linneus established this genus. Pelecanus of Meehring (1752) and Platea of Brisson (1760) are synonymous.

May, 1847.

co |
Q

ARDEA

age

Curm VY

PSY

E¢
OD
>e
=
ESS
meh bu
Bore
ee
iy ante
=o
<< <
xrV

7 __ a a _ 1 - 7 = = ~—__ @e _ y view on a a’ ——— ee ee a
ao A : ay r , ee) alia : . og =r aa
zi t : ~ ? 4 ; a : .
wat my | | |

f 1 pI
‘

,
Ka

SUMG2Z Lipkeey
HARVARD UNIVERSITY

‘

CAMBRIDGE. MA USA __

ei °

—

aka Uv Pare bibyye fe

lentiginosas. 7 ARDEA cocoi. 8. SCOPUS umbretta

Hilmandel & Walton Lithographern

Fone)

a ae eed

LEA flavipes 2. TIGRISOMA brasihense. 3 RURYPYGA helias. 4. NYCTICORAX caledonicus. 8. CANCROMA cochlear

Ge ital

MCZ LIBRARY
HARVARD UNIVERSITY
CAMBRIDGE. MA USA

Order VII. GRALL. Family II. Arpemz.

The fourth Subfamily,

CICONIN A, or Srorxs,

have the Bill lengthened, usually straight and conical, with the sides compressed to the tip, which is
acute ; the gonys long and ascending; the Nostrils lateral, pierced in the substance of the bill, with the
opening linear: the Wings long and ample: the Tail moderate and broad: the Tarsi lengthened, and
usually covered with reticulated scales: the Toes moderate, with the anterior toes more or less united

at the base; the hind toe long, elevated, and partly resting on the ground.

Dromas Payk.*

Bill longer than the head, and straight, with the culmen gradually sloping to the tip, which is acute ;
the lateral margins straight, the sides compressed, and the gonys very long, ascending, and much angu-
lated at the base; the nostrils placed in a broad short groove, and covered posteriorly by a membrane,
leaving an oval opening exposed. JVings long, with the second quill the longest. Tail moderate and
broad. Tarst very long, compressed, and covered in front with transverse scales. Toes long, with the
anterior ones palmated to the end of the toes, but much indented in the middle; the hind toe long,

free, and partly resting on the ground.

The type of this genus is found in India and North Africa. It frequents the shores, examining the retreating tide
for the marine animals which constitute its food.

D. ardeola Payk. Handl. Acad. Vetensk. Stockl. 1805. p. 188. t. 8., Pl. col. 362. — Erodia amphilensis Stant. Salt’s Tray. Abyss. iv.
p. 60. pl., Lath. Hist. of B. ix. pl. 149.

Crconta Linn.

Bill lengthened, straight, and strong, with the culmen keeled and straight towards the tip, which is
acute ; the sides compressed, and the gonys long and gradually ascending ; the nostrils lateral, and pierced
in the substance of the bill, with the opening linear and small. | Wings long and ample, with the third

and fourth quills equal and longest. az short and broad. Tursi twice the length of the middle toe,

* Established by Paykull in 1805. Erodia of the Earl of Derby (1814) is synonymous.
+ Established by Linneus in 1735. It embraces Sphenorhynchus of MM. Hemprich and Ehrenberg.

CICONINA.

and covered with reticulated scales. Joes moderate, with the anterior ones united at their base,

especially the outer ones; the hind toe elevated, and partly resting on the ground.

The birds of this genus perform periodical migrations, visiting various marshy districts of Europe, Asia, and Africa,
It is on the borders of rivers and streams, or on the marshes, that they usually seek their food, which consists of fish,
reptiles, also small quadrupeds, and young birds. They sometimes search the open dry plains or on cultivated ground,
for grasshoppers, beetles, and other insects. The nest is composed of sticks and twigs, placed on buildings or on a
decayed stump of a tree, whereon the female deposits three to five eggs.

1. C. alba Briss. — Ardea ciconia Linn. Pl. enl, 866., Gould, 5. C. microscelis G. R. Gray.
B. of Eur, pl. 283. 6. C, Abdimi (Licht.) Hem. & Ehrenb. Syn. Phys. t. 5., Riipp.
2. C. nigra Bechst. — Ardea nigra Gmel. Pl. enl. 399.; Ciconia | Atlas, t. 8. — Type of Sphenorhynchus Hemp. & Ehrenb.
fusca Briss. ; Ard. chrysopelargus Licht., Gould, B. of Eur. pl. 284, 7. C. australis (Shaw), Temm. Linn. Trans. v. p. 34., Lath. Gen.
3. ©. pillus (Mol.) — Ardea maguari Lath, ; Ciconia americana | Syn. pl. 138., Shaw, Nat. Mise. pl. 601., Gray, Ill. Ind. Zool. pl. —
Briss. ; C. jaburu Spiv, Av. Bras. t. 89., Gal. des Ois. t. 254.; | Ciconia leucoptera Wagl. Gould, B. of Austr. pl.
Azara, No. 342., Gould, B. of Eur. pl. 285. 8. C. asiatica (Lath.) Temm. — Ciconia xenorhynchos Wag.
4. C. episcopus (Bodd.) PI. enl. 906.—Ardea leucocephala Gmel. ;
Ciconia umbellata Wagl.

Leprortritus Less. *

Bill very large, straight, and the base higher than broad, with the culmen keeled and straight to the
tip, which is acute; the sides compressed; the gonys long and gradually ascending; the nostrils small,
pierced in the substance of the bill, with the opening linear. Wings long and ample. Tail moderate
and broad. Tarsi robust, much longer than the middle toe, covered with reticulated scales. Toes long,
with the anterior ones united at the base, especially the outer toe ; the hind toe long, and partly resting

on the ground. ‘The head and neck denuded of feathers.

The species of this genus are inhabitants of India, its archipelago, and Africa; some of them perform migrations at
certain periods. They are not unfrequently seen in the neighbourhood of towns and villages, where they readily feed
upon the offal that is thrown aside by the natives, and will willingly partake of putrid carcasses. ‘They are also
sometimes observed stalking about the plains or cultivated places in search of various kinds of reptiles and small
quadrupeds and birds.

1. L. argala Lath. Gen. Syn. pl. 115., Pl. col. 300.— Ardea | capillata Temm. Pl. col. 312.; C. calva Jerd.; C. nudifrons

dubia Gmel. ; Ciconia marabou Temm. Me Cell, ; C. immigratoria Hodgs.
2. L. crumeniferus (Cuy.) Pl. col. 301. — Ciconia argali Temm. ; 4. L. nudifrons (Jerd.) Madr. Journ. Lit. & Sci. 1840. p. 200.
Myeteria orientalis Vahl ? 5. L. eristatus (Me Clell.).

8. L. javanicus (Horsf.) Linn. Trans. xiii. p. 188, — Ciconia

Mycreria Linn.t
Bill long and strong, with the base higher than broad; the culmen straight towards the tip, which is

turned upwards, as well as that of the lower mandible; the sides compressed, and the gonys long and

* M. Lesson established this genus in 1831. Argala of Leach is synonymous.
+ Linneus established this genus in 1756.

CICONIN &.

curved upwards; the nostrils lateral, pierced in the substance of the bill, with the opening linear. Wings
long and ample, with the second and third quills longest. Tail moderate and broad. TYarsi much
longer than the middle toe, and covered with reticulated scales. Toes long, and the anterior ones

united at their bases, especially the outer toe; the hind toe moderate, with the tip resting on the ground.

The species that compose this genus are found in South America and Africa. Those of the former country are
usually seen on the swamps, seeking for fish and reptiles. They are sometimes observed perched on the branches of a
decayed tree, in the fork of which they build their spacious nest of sticks carefully interwoven together, whereon the
female deposits two eggs.

1. M. americana Linn. Pl. enl. 817.—Ciconia brasiliensis | 2 M. senegalensis Shaw, Linn. Trans. vy. p. 32. pl. 35 Riipp.
Briss.; C. mycteria Iii. Azara, No. 343., Shaw, Nat. Misc. pl. | Atlas, t. 3.— Ciconia ephippiorhyncha Temm.
469., Lath. Gen. Syn. pl. 75.

Anastomus Bonn.*

Bill long, higher than broad at the base, strong, with the culmen nearly straight, and the sides much
compressed towards the tip; the lateral margins sometimes worn away, leaving an opening between the
mandibles even when closed ; the lower mandible very much compressed, and the gonys lengthened and
curved upwards ; the nostrils lateral, pierced in the substance of the bill, with the opening linear and
narrow. Wings long, with the third and fourth quills the longest. Tail moderate and broad. Tars? longer
than the middle toe, and covered with reticulated scales. Toes long, rather slender; with the anterior
toes united at their base, especially the outer; the hind toe long and slender, with the tip partly resting

on the ground.

The species of this genus are found in India and Africa. They are generally seen solitary, or in small flocks, on the
sides of rivers or in marshes, searching for their food, which consists of small fish, frogs, crabs, and other aquatic
animals ; but they chiefly prefer the animal of a species of Unio, the shells of which they break between their mandibles,
which causes their edges to be worn away as the bird increases in age, leaving a considerable gap between them, even
when closed. It is not unusual to observe these birds perched on lofty trees, on which they also form their nests.

1. A. oscitans (Bodd.) V1. enl. 932. — Ardea pondiceriana et Ar. | 2. A. Jamelligerus Temm. PI. col. 236., Griff. An. Kingd. iii. pl.
coromandeliana Gme/. Sonn. Voy. t. 219.; Anastomus typus | p. 510.
Temm. Vieill. Gal. des Ois. t.251.; A. albus et A. cinereus Vieill. |

* Bonnaterre established this genus in 1790. Hians of Cuvier (1799—1800), Rhynchochasme of Hermann (1804), Chenoramphus of
Dumont (1817), and Apertirostra of Vander Patte are synonymous with the name employed.

February, 1848.

iy

4 TN

shoe
Ete

i PREM s

SGC rrermeerttre

=

ties

CICONIA
mocroscilus. GR.Gyr ‘OY.

4

MCZ LIBRARY
HARVARD UNIVERSITY
CAMBRIDGE. MA USA

MCZ LIBRARY
HARVARD UNIVERSITY
CAMBRIDGE. MA USA

a

ap

ie

Pee aie

1. LEPTOPTILUS argala. %. MYCTERIA senegalensis

VAG

3. DROMAS ardeola. 4 ANASTOMIUS oscitans

_5. CICONIA Abdimi

15]

Printed by Hullmandel & Walton

EE es

MCZ LIBRARY
HARV 42D UNIVERSITY
CAMBRIDGE. MA USA

Order Il. GRALL AL. Family II. ArpEip2.

The fifth Subfamily,

TANTALIN &, or IziseEs,

have the Bill lengthened, more or less slender, and curved throughout its length; the sides gradually
compressed to the tip, which is obtuse; the Nostrils lateral, and sometimes placed in a lengthened
groove, with the opening always linear and exposed: the Wings rather long: the Tail moderate and
even: the Tarsi of various lengths, usually robust, and covered in front with transverse or hexagonal
scales: the Toes long; the inner toe shorter than the outer, both more or less united at the base; the

hind toe long and usually strong.

Tantatus Linn.*

Bill lengthened, broad and elevated at the base, the basal half nearly straight and the apical portion
curved, with the culmen gradually curved, and the sides compressed to the tip, which is emarginated ;
the gonys long and curved; the nostrils basal and lateral, with the opening pierced in the substance
of the bill, longitudinal, and exposed. Wings long and pointed ; with the first quill rather shorter
than the second and third, which are equal and longest. Tail short and even. Tarsi rather slender,
much longer than the middle toe, and covered with hexagonal scales. Toes long and rather slender ;
the inner toe shorter than the outer, and both united at the base; the hind toe long and slender; the

claws short, broad, and obtuse. The head, and sometimes the neck, denuded of feathers.

The species of this genus are found in North and South America, and also in India. They migrate from place to
place; and are usually seen solitary, in swampy parts of the country, or on the banks of great rivers, searching for fish
and reptiles. At times they are observed perched on the dead branches of the tall trees, with their long bills resting
on their breasts. They are stated not to frequent the sea coast. The nest is built on the high trees, and the female
deposits from two to three eggs.

1. T. loculator Linn. Pl. enl. 868., Cat. Car. i. pl. 81., Wils. 3. T. Ibis Linn, Pl. enl. 389.— Ibis candida Bris, ; Tantalus
Amer. Orn. pl. 66. f. 1. — Ibis naudapoa Vieill, Azara, No. 344. ; | rhodinopterus Wagl.
T. plumicollis Spiz, Av. Bras. t. 85. 4, T. lacteus Temm. PI. col. 352. =—— Tantalus cinereus Raff. 2
2. T. leucocephalus Forst. Ind. Zool. pl. 20. — Tantalus gange-
ticus Shaw, Nat. Mise. pl. 223.

* Established by Linneus in 1756.

TANTALIN AL.

Isis Mahr.*

Bill lengthened, slender, and curved throughout its length; the sides compressed to the tip, which is
obtuse ; the nostrils lateral, basal, and placed in a slender groove that extends from the base to the tip,
with the opening linear and exposed. Wings rather long, and pointed; with the first and second quills
equal and longest. wil rather short, and nearly even. Tarsi slender, and longer than the middle toe ;
covered in front with broad transverse scales, some of which are divided irregularly. Toes long and
slender ; the inner rather shorter than the outer, and both united at the base by a membrane; the hind

toe long and slender; the claws long and rather weak. The head is partly denuded of plumes.

The species that compose this division are found in the warmer parts of Europe, Asia, and America. They regularly
perform periodical migrations at the changes of season, and are generally seen on land which has been recently
inundated, or on the banks of rivers and lakes, seeking worms, various kinds of insects, and the roots of various bulbous
plants. Some species also frequent the sea coast, where they procure the fry of fish from the sea, as the waves retire
from the shore, and also crayfish, whose cells they probe, and with their long bills drag them out to feed on. The nest
is formed of leaves on the ground, wherein the female deposits her eggs.

1. I. rubra (Linn.) PI. enl. 80, 81., Cates. Carol. pl. 84., Wils. | Gmel.; Tringa autumnalis Hasselg. Hist. del’E’gypte, Ois. t. 7. f. 2.,
Amer. Orn. pl. 66. f. 2.— Tantalus fuscus Linn, Cates. Carol. pl. | Gould, B. of Eur. pl. 311.; Tantalus bengalensis Licht.; Type of
83.; T. minutus Linn. Edw. Birds, pl. 356. ; Ibis leucopygia Spia, | Falcinellus Bechst. (1803 ?).

Ay. Bras. t. 88. 5. ? I. guarauna (Linn.) Shaw, Nat. Misc. pl. 705. — Tantalus
2. I. alba (Linn.) Pl. enl. 915., Cates. Car. pl. 82., Wils. Amer. | mexicanus Gme/. ; Numenius chici Vieill.; T. chaleopterus Temm.

Orn. pl. 66. f. 3. — Tantalus coco Jacq. Vig. t. 24. Pl. col. 511.; Ibis Ordi Pr. Bonap.; I. Falcinellus Pr. Bonap.
3. I. longirostris Wagl. Isis, 1829. p. 760. Am. Ornith. pl. 23. f. 1.

4, I. Faleinellus (Linn.) Pl, enl. 819, — T. igneus et T. viridis

Geronticus Wagl. +

Bill more or less strong, elevated at the base, and curved throughout its length; the sides compressed
to the tip, which is obtuse; the nostrils basal, lateral, and placed in a groove which extends from the
base to the tip, with the opening linear and exposed. Wings long and pointed; with the first quill
generally, and sometimes the second quill, shorter than the third and fourth, which are equal and
longest. Tail long, broad, and even. Tarsi as long as, or rather shorter than, the middle toe; strong,
and covered in front with hexagonal scales. Toes long and robust ; with the inner toe shorter than the
outer, the lateral ones united at the base, and all the fore toes margined on the sides; the hind toe long
and strong; the claws moderate, compressed, and curved. The head and neck more or less denuded of

feathers ; the scapulars of some species long, and composed of decomposed plumes.

* Established by Mcehring in 1752. Eudocimus of Wagler (1829) is synonymous ; and it comprises Falcinellus of Bechstein (1803 ?),
with which Plegadis of Dr. Kaup (1832) and Tantalides of Wagler are coequal.

+ Established by Wagler (1832). (Jsis. p. 1232.) It embraces Cercibis, Theristicus, Phimosus, Harpiprion of the same author (1832),
Thneskiornis of G. R, Gray (1842), and Bostrychia of Herr Reichenbach.

67

TANTALINZ.

It is in the warmer parts of Asia, Africa, and America that the species of this division are found. They are
observed in small or large flocks, on the banks of rivers, lakes, and swampy places, or on land that has been recently
overflowed, wading knee-deep in search of their food, which consists of frogs, water lizards, various insects, and snails.
Some species frequent the plains and open dry places, subsisting chiefly on insects and worms; while others have been
observed, perched on the decayed trunks of trees as they float down the streams, watching the approach of fish, on
which they pounce with their long bills.
trees after having partaken of a sufficient supply of food, when they are extremely cautious and watchful. Their flight
is usually performed in sweeps, high up in the air; but when migrating, which they often do in search of food or on

They usually perch on the exposed and elevated branches of the neighbouring

the change of season, they usually arrange themselves in two diverging lines from a leader.
on the trunk of a decayed tree, or on the ground, and is composed of leaves and sticks.

three in number.

1. G. papillosus (Temm.) PI. col. 304. — Ibis papillata Wagi.

2. G. calvus (Bodd.) Pl. enl. 867.— Tantalus niger Gmel. ;
T. capensis Forst. Descr. Anim. p. 48. et Icon. ined. 116.

3. G. spinicollis James. New Phil. Journ. No. 37. p. 213. —
Ibis Lathami Gray ; I. lamellicollis Lafr. Mag. de Zool. 1836.
t. 57., Jard. & Selby, s. 5. t. 17., Gould, B. of Austr. pl.

4. G. gonocephala Wagl. Isis, 1829. p. 761.

5. G. ethiopicus (Lath.) — Numenius Ibis Cuv. Ann. du Mus,
iv. 116. t. 53.; Ibis religiosa Sav. Hist. de l E’gypt. Ois. t. 7. f. 1. ;
Type of Threskiornis G. R. Gray (1842).

6. G. melanocephalus (Lath.) Jard. & Selby, Ill. Orn. pl. — Ibis
Macei Wagl. ; I. leucon Temm. Pl. col. 481. ; I. molucca Cuv.

7. G. strictipennis (Gould), Proc. Z.8. 1837. p. 106., B. of
Austr. pl.

8. G. cayanensis (Gmel.) Pl. enl. 820. — Ibis sylvatica Vieill. ;
I. dentirostris Wagl. ; Type of Harpiprion Wag. (1832).

9. G. cerulescens Vieill. N. Dict. d Hist. Nat. xvi. 18. — Ibis
plumbea Temm. Pl. col. 235., Azara, No. 363.

April, 1847.

The nest is placed either
The eggs are usually two to

10. G. hagedash (Sparr.) — Tantalus cafrensis Licht. ; Ibis chal-
coptera Vieill. Gal. des Ois. t. 246.

11. G. carunculatus (Riipp.) Faun. Abyss. t. 19.— Type of
Bostrychia Reich, (1845 ?).

12. G. eristatus (Bodd.) Pl. enl. 841.

13. G. comatus (Riipp.) Syst. Uebers. &c. t. 45,

14. G, caudatus (Bodd.) Pl enl. 976. — Tantalus albicollis
Gmel.

15. G. melanopis (Gmel.) Lath. Syn. vy. t. 79. — Tantalus me-
lanops Forst. Desc. Anim. p. 332., Icon. ined. 117. ; Type of The-
risticus Wagl. (1832).

16. G. infuscatus (Licht.) — Ibis nudifrons Spix, Ay. Bras.
t. 86.; Type of Phimosus Wagl. (1832.).

17. G, oxycercus (Spix), Av. Bras. ii. t. 87.—Type of Cercibis
Wagl. (1832.).

18. ? G. rufus (Scop.) Sonn. Voy. t. 47. — Tantalus manillensis
Gmel. ; Ibis fuscata Vieidl,

Dy dallas! | fl alban athlete) aden meh

STaT

saa deapomry UyTey ¥ [SPURUTKE

MCZ LIBRARY

cs
a
a)
ld <x
>=
z= *
Ld
ne
aa
Se
<5
= =
oc
aot
a3)

a
“meaeipinasensnta eet ees

MCZ LIBRARY _
HARVARD UNIVERSITY

CAMBRIDGE. MA

USA

Order VII. GRALLZ.

The third Family,
SCOLOPACID®, or Snires,

have the Bill generally long, slender, curved or straight throughout its length, with the sides
compressed and grooved to the tip, which is obtuse; the Nostrils basal, longitudinal, closed by a
membrane, and placed in the groove: the Wings long and pointed: the Tail usually short and even :
the Tarsi more or less long and slender: the Toes generally long and slender; the lateral ones
sometimes much united to the middle toe by a membrane; the hind toe short, resting on the ground, or

entirely wanting.

The first Subfamily,
LIMOSIN &, or Gopwirs,

have the Bill generally long, slender, entirely curved or straight from the base, with the sides more or less
grooved towards the tip, which usually overlaps that of the lower mandible, and is obtuse; the Nostrils
basal, and placed longitudinally in the lateral groove: the Wings long and pointed: the Tail usually
short and even: the Tarsi lengthened and slender: the Toes long ; the lateral ones united at the base

to the middle toe; the hind toe short, and sometimes wanting.

InrporuyNncuus Vigors.*

Bill lengthened, rather slender, straight at the base, and curved downwards at the apex, with the
sides compressed and grooved for more than half its length; the nostrils basal, lateral, and placed in the
groove, with the opening longitudinal, and closed by a membrane. Wangs rather lengthened, with thie
second and third quills the longest. Zaz! moderate, broad, and even. Tarsi longer than the middle
toe, strong, and covered with small reticulated scales. Toes long, robust; the outer toe longer than

the inner, and united at its base by a membrane; the hind toe wanting.
The type of this division is found on the Himalaya Mountains.

J. Struthersii Vigors, Proc. Z.S. 1831. 174., Gould, Cent. of Birds, pl. — Clorhynchus strophiatus Hodgs.

* Established by Vigors in 1831 (Proc. Z. S. 1831). Evolia and Clorhynchus (1835) of Mr. Hodgson are synonymous.

LIMOSIN AE.

Numenivus Lath.*

Bill more or less long, slender, and curved from the base, with the sides compressed and grooved for
nearly its whole length; the tip of the upper mandible projecting over that of the lower, and rather
obtuse ; the nostrils basal, lateral, and placed in the lateral groove, with the opening longitudinal, and
Tail short and

Tarsi longer than the middle toe, slender, and covered in front with narrow transverse scales.

covered by a membrane. Wings long and pointed, with the first quill the longest.

even.
Toes moderate ; the lateral toes unequal, and united at their bases; the hind toe long, slender, and

partly resting on the ground; the claws short and obtuse.

The species of this genus are scattered throughout the world, inhabiting the temperate regions during the winter,
when they are usually found on the muddy and sandy shores, and salt marshes; but on the return of summer they
migrate to the higher latitudes, where they frequent the moors and extensive plains that abound in marshes and pools
of water. ‘Their flight is elevated, rapid, and in a body assuming a wedge-shaped form, often uttering their loud
whistling note. When on the point of migrating they collect together in a large flock; and, as soon as they are sufficiently
numerous, they generally about an hour before sunset rise to a great height in the air, and then slowly start off in one
continued line towards their destination, at the same time keeping up a constant whistling, which is responded to by each
bird of the flock. Their food consists of worms, larve of insects, crustaceous and molluscous animals; these they extract
from the sand and moistened earth by probing with their long bills, even beneath the surface of the shallow water :
sometimes they frequent the fields and woodlands in search of berries. The nests are formed on the ground amongst
the heath or herbage, in a hole scraped in the earth, and lined with decayed grass, &c. The female deposits four eggs.

1. N. arquatus (Linn.) Pl. en), 818., Gould, B. of Eur. pl. 302. |
2, N. synyenicos Von der Mulhe, Beitr. zur Ornith. Griechen-

10. N. pheopus Linn. Pl. enl. 842., Edwards’s Birds, pl. 307.,
Gould, B. of Eur. pl. 303.— Pheopus vulgaris Flem.; Type of

lands, &c.

3. N. cyanopus Vieill. N. Dict. d Hist.
Numenius australasianus Gould.

4, ? N. lineatus Cuy. Less. Tr. d’Orn. p. 565.

5. N. madagascariensis (Linn,) Lath. Pl. enl. 198.

6. N. tahitiensis (Gmel.) Lath. — Scolopax pheopus Linn. ?
Forst. Deser. Anim. p. 242., Icon. ined. 119.

Nat. viii. p. 306. —

7. N. luzoniensis (Gmel.) Lath. Sonn. Voy. t. 48. — Numenius |

atricapillus Vieill.
8 N. leucocephalus (Gmel.) Lath. Gen. Syn. pl. 80.

9. N. longirostris Wils. Amer. Orn. pl. 64. f. 4. — Numenius |

melanops Vieill. Audub. B. of Amer. pl. 231.

Pheopus Cuv. (1817).

11. N. tenuirostris Vieill. N. Dict. d’Hist. Nat. viii. p. 308.,
Pr. Bonap. Faun, Italica, t.

12. N. uropygialis Gould, Proc. Z. 8. 1840. p. 175.

13. N. hudsonicus Lath. — Scolopax borealis Wils. Amer. Orn.
pl. 56. f. 1.; Numenius rufiventris Vigors. ?

14, N. borealis Lath. Fauna, Bor. Amer. Birds, pl. 65. — Nu-
menius brevirostris Licht. Pl. col. 381.

15. N. minutus Gould, Proc. Z.S. 1840, p. 176.

16. N. minor Mill. & Schl. Verh. Nat. Gesch. &e. p. 110.

Limosa Briss.+

Bill long, rather slender, and more or less inclined upwards towards the tip, with the sides compressed

and grooved on both mandibles for nearly their entire length ; the nostrils lateral, basal, and placed in

the groove, with the opening longitudinal, and closed by a membrane.

* Established by Mcehring in 1752 (Gen. Avium).
+ Brisson established this division in 1760.

Wings long and pointed; with

Phaopus of Cuvier (1817) is synonymous.
Actitis of Mliger (1811), Limicula of Vieillot (1816), Fedoa of Mr. Stephen (1824), and

Xenus of Dr. Kaup (1829) are coequal with the latter name ; Terekia of the Prince of Canino (1838) and Simorhynchus of Count Kerserling

and Dr. Blasius (1840) are synonymous,
7%

LIMOSIN %.

the first quill the longest. Zaz/ short and even.

covered in front with narrow transverse scales.

Tarsi longer than the middle toe, rather slender, and

Toes long; the outer toe united to the middle toe by a

membrane as far as the first joint ; the inner toe slightly united ; the hind toe long, slender, and partly

resting upon the ground; the claws short and obtuse.

The species are found in most parts of the world.
genus.

1. L. @gocephala (Linn.) Pl. enl. 874. 916. — Scolopax Limosa
Linn. ; S. belgica Gmel. ; S. melanura Leisler, Gould, B. of Eur.
pl. 305.; Totanus rufus Bechst.

2. L. melanuroides Gould, Proc. Z.S. 1846, p.
pl.

3. L.lapponica (Linn.) Briss. Orn. v. t. 24. f. 2., Pl. enl. 900.—
Limosa rufa Briss. ; Scolopax leucophea Lath. ; Totanus gregarius
Bechst. ; L. ferruginea Pall. ; T. glottis Meyer; ?L. Meyeri Leisler,
Nachtr. zu Bechst. Naturg. ii. p. 172.

4. 2? L. nove zealandie G.R. Gray, Zool. Ereb. & Terr. Birds,

-, B.of Austr.

p-

July, 1847.

Their habits and manners are similar to those given with the last

5. L. fedoa (Linn.) Edwards’s Birds, pl. 137., Wils. Amer. Orn.
pl. 56. f. 4. — Scolopax marmorata Lath. Gal. des Ois. 11. t., Au-
dub. B. of Amer. pl. 238.

6. L. hudsonica (Lath,) Swains. Audub. B. of Amer. pl. 258.,
Edw. pl. 138.?

7. L. alba (Linn.) Edwards’s Birds, pl. 139. — Limosa candida
Briss. ; L. Edwardsii Rich. & Sw.

8. L. cinerea (Giild.) Noy. Comm. Petrop. xix. 473. t. 19. —
Limosa recurvirostra Pall. ; Scolopax terek Lath. ; Tringa javanica
Horsf. Gould, B. of Eur. pl. 307. ; Limosa indiana Less. ; Fedoa
terekensis Steph. ; Type of Xenus Kaup (1829).

7 wae 4

BVO S2AQSOLINMP)
SIN ANAT

ae -

at a
a,

me
sarge

\
aay. :
a ae ue. ¥
, ra 4 a

>2

i
‘- Ber

»
peur

MCZ LIBRARY
HARVARD UNIVERSITY .
CAMBRIDGE. MA USA

i ; a
— i
_ Ti, Fe) Se ee

eS fe ate NY OS NU re

peel

ESR REE

ta

Gy
‘os

ey

7 NTTAUE ATT ee Rin (REE yeas ) hot. als tin oats allaties dn dieciealires a 5 = es FOO) aya PSA ee
1 NUMENIUS madagascariensis. 2. IBIDORHYNCHUS Swuthersii. 2, LIMOSA fedoa

MCZ LIBRARY
HARVARD UNIVERSITY
CAMBRIDGE. MA USA

rder VII. GRALLZ. Family III. Scoropacip#.

The second Subfamily,
TOTANIN &, or Lonesuanxks,

ave the Bill long, slender, compressed, and grooved on the sides, with the culmen more or less straight,
irved, and acute at the tip ; the nostrils linear, and placed in the lateral groove, which extends to
> beyond the middle of the bill; the Wings long and pointed; the Tail moderate and even, or rounded ;
ie Tarsi more or less long, slender, and covered in front with narrow transverse scales; the Toes
sually long and slender, the lateral ones unequal, and generally united at the base to the middle toe,

pecially the outer; the hind toe long, slender, and hardly touching the ground.

Totranus Bechst.*

Bill more or less long and strong, with the culmen straight, or slightly curved, and the sides
mmpressed to the tip, which is slightly curved and acute; the gonys long, and slightly curved
pwards ; the nostrils linear, and placed in a membranous groove, which does not extend beyond half
1e length of the bill. Wings reaching beyond the end of the tail and pointed, with the first quill the
ngest. Tail moderate, and nearly even. Tarsi as long as, or longer than, the middle toe, more or less
ender, and covered in front with numerous very narrow scales. Toes long, slender, the anterior toes.
nited by a membrane, especially the outer; the hind toe slender, elevated, and hardly touching the

round.

These migratory birds are scattered in both hemispheres, especially in the temperate and northern portions. They
e usually seen in pairs, or in small flocks, on the banks of the lakes and rivers, and sometimes on the shores of the
ean; but at certain seasons they resort to the moist woods and marshes, for the purpose of rearing their young. Their
od is sought for on the ground, or among the gravel and stones, on the shores of lakes and rivers. It consists of
sects, worms, and small molluscous animals and fish. The nest is usually formed in a tuft of grass, or in a slight
pression in the earth, which is lined with dry grass and other vegetable remains. The female usually deposits four
es, and, if disturbed while incubating them, generally flies round the intruder, uttering at the same time a series of

rul notes.

* Established by Bechstein in 1803. Jlyornis of Dr. Kaup (1829) is synonymous. It embraces Glottis of M. Nilson (181 ?), with
hich Limicula of Leach (1816) is synonymous, Gambetta, Erythroscelus, Rhyacophilus, and Helodromus of Dr. Kaup (1829), and also
ymphemia of Rafinesque (1819), with which Catoptrophorus of the Prince of Canino (1820) and Hodites of Dr. Kaup (1829) are
nonymous.

~

TOTANIN A.

1. T. stagnalis Bechst. Orn. Taschenb. ii. 292.— Scolopax to- | 10. T. campestris Vieill, N. Dict. d’Hist. Nat. vi. p. 400., Azara,
tanus Linn. ; Tringa guinetta Pal. Pl. enl. 876., Gould, B. of Eur. | No. 398.
pl. 314. ; Type of Ilyornis Kaup (1829). 11. T. punetatus Vieill. Azara, No. 400, — Totanus caligatus
2. T. ochropus (Linn.) Temm, PI. enl. 843., Gould, B. of Eur. | Licht.
pl. 315, f. 1. — Totanus leucurus Gray, Ill. Ind. Zool. t. 51. f. 1. ? ; 12. T. nigellus Vieill. N. Dict. d’ Hist. Nat. vi. 406., Azara, No.
Type of Helodromus Kaup (1829). 402.

3. T. glareola (Linn.) Temm. Gould, B. of Eur, pl. 315. f. 2., 13. T. rufifrons Vieill. N. Dict. d’Hist. Nat. vi. 404., Azara, No.
Hist. de l'Egypte, Ois, t. 14. f. 2, — Totanus affinis Horsf. ; Tringa | 395.

littoralis Linn. ; Type of Rhyacophilus Kaup (1829). 14. T. leucophrys Vieill. N. Dict. d’ Hist. Nat. vi. 408.
4. 'T. calidris (Linn.) Bechst. Pl. enl. 827. 845, — Tringa gam- 15. 'T. marmoratus Vieill. N. Dict. d’ Hist. Nat. vi. 408.
betta Gmel. ; T. variegata Briinn. ; Totanus striatus et nevius Briss. 16. T. guttatus Vieill. N. Dict. d’ Hist. Nat. vi. 408.
Gould, B. of Eur. pl. 310., Hist. de ’ Egypte, Ois. t. 6. f. 1. ; Type 17. T. brevipes Vieill. N. Dict. d’Hist. Nat. vi. 419.— Totanus
of Gambetta Kaup (1829). pedestris Less. ?
5. T. fuscus (Briss.) Leis]. Gould, B. of Eur. pl. 309.— Totanus 18. T. melanopygius Vieill. N. Dict. d’Hist. Nat. vi. 401.
natans Bechst.; ‘Tringa totanus Meyer ; Scolopax curonica, S. can- 19. T. speeulifer Cuy. Less. Tr. d’Orn. p. 552.
tabrigiensis, S. totanus, et S. fusca Gmel.; 'Totanus maculatus 20. T. glottis (Linn.) Bechst. — Limosa grisea Briss. ; L. glot-
Bechst.; Tringa atra Gmel. Pl.enl. 875. ; Type of Erythroscelus | tis et L. totanus Pall. ; Glottis chloropus JVils. ; G. canescens Pr.
Kaup (1829). Bonap.; Totanus fistulans Bechst.; G.natans Kaup, Hist. de
6. T. pulverulentus Mill. & Schl. Verh. Natuurl. Gesch. Nederl. | Egypte, Ois. pl. 14. f. 3., Gould, B. of Eur. pl. 312.; Type of
Pe loos Glottis ils. (181 ?).

7. T. chloropygius Vieill. — Tringa solitaria Wils. Amer, Orn. 21. ? T. floridanus Pr. Bonap. Audub. B. of Amer. pl. 269.
pl. 58. f. 3., Audub. B. of Amer. pl. 289.; Tr. glareola Ord; Tr. 22. T. glottoides Vigors, Proc, Z. 8. 1831. p. 173., Cent. of Birds,

macroptera Spiv, Av. Bras. t. 92. pl. 76., B. of Austr. pl.
8. T. flavipes (Gmel.) Vieill. Wils. Amer. Orn. pl. 58. f. 4, 23. T. Horsfieldii Sykes, Proc. Z. S. 1832. p. 163.
Audub. B. of Amer. pl. 288., Azara, No. 399. — Totanus fuscoca- 24. P. guttifer Ermann, Verz. von Thier. und Pflanz. p.
pillus Vieill.; T. natator Vieill., Azara, No. 396. 25. T. semipalmatus (Gmel.) Temm. Wils. Amer. Orn, pl. 56.

9. T. melanoleucus (Gmel.) Pr. Bonap.— Scolopax vocifer | f. 3., Faun. Bor. Amer. Birds, pl. 67. — Totanus crassirostris Vieill. ;
Wils. Amer. Orn, pl. 58. f.5.; Se. totanus Forst. Azara, No. | Symphemia atlantica Rafin. ; Type of Symphemia Rafin. (1819).
394. 26. T. fuliginosus Gould, Voy. of Beagle, Birds, p. 130.

Trincowes Pr. Bonap.*

Bill as long as, or rather longer than, the head, with the culmen straight, and the sides compressed
towards the tip, which is curved and acute; the nostrils linear, and placed in a lateral membranous
groove, which extends to near the tip on both sides. Wings reaching beyond the middle of the tail,
and pointed, with the first quill the longest. Taz long, broad, and much rounded. Tarsi long,
moderately strong, and covered in front with narrow transverse scales. Toes long, with the outer one
united at the base by a membrane to the middle toe, the inner one free ; the hind toe moderate, elevated ;

the claws short and acute.

The species of this genus are found in both the Old and New Worlds. They are usually observed in small parties
on the margins of fresh-water lakes, pools, and rivers, and rarely, if ever, appear on the sea shore, but prefer the
interior of the countries which they visit during their periodical migrations. They fly with rapidity and gracefulness,
though not always in a direct course, but make occasional circuitous sweeps during their flight. While on the ground
they possess a singular habit of continually moving their tails up and down, and are capable of running with very great
speed. Their food consists of small molluscous animals, insects, worms, and the fry of fish; the former of these they

* The Prince of Canino established this division in 1831. It embraces Bartramia of M. Lesson (1831), with which Actidurus of the
Prince of Canino (1832), and Euliga of Mr. Nuttal (1834) are synonymous.

0 A

TOTANIN &.

seek for among the grass and rushes. The nest is placed under a tuft of grass or rushes that grow on the margin of
rivers or lakes; they usually scrape a shallow hole in the ground, which is lined with dry grass and other vegetable
remains. The eggs are four or five in number; and, if the female is disturbed while sitting, she flies quietly off for
some distance, and then utters a cry of fear, and either counterfeits lameness, or flutters along the ground as if hurt,
to call off the attention of the intruder from her progeny. The young are covered with down when first hatched,
which is quickly changed to feathers. If discovered before they are capable of flight, they readily plunge into the
water, and swim with facility, and even dive beneath its surface for some distance for safety.

1. T. hypoleuca (Linn.) Pl. enl. 850., Gould, B. of Eur. pl. 318. G5) abe .? — Tringa macularia Pr. Neuw.
— Tringa leucoptera Pall. ; Tr. pacifica Lath. Lamb. Icon. ined. 4. T. Bartramius (Wils.) Amer. Orn. pl. 59. f. 2. — Tringa
iii. 26. longicauda Bechst. ; Bartramia laticauda Less. ; Totanus variegatus

2. T. macularia (Linn.) Edwards's Birds, pl. 277. f. 2., Gould, | Vieill. Gal. des Ois. t. 239., Gould, B. of Eur. pl. 313., Audub. B.
B. of Eur. pl.317., Wils. Amer. Ornith. pl. 59. f. 1., Audub. B. of | of Amer. pl. ; Type of Bartramia Lese. (1831).
Amer. pl. 310.

July, 1846.

ee

?

P

w

. &
<a
=.

_
ad
a
-
a J
~
z

: pon snsoubynf”
SINV LOL

1 Lowy] Uae Ss jeput wy 9)

. Mi

od 45 ‘ . i
Fag tg , -Le? s
++. “ + el Sd 4 iA Pa
® i] hd
'
po ae

—
ARVARD U
AMBRIDGE

i

7

154

Tithotnt

Patent

C Hulimandel’s

acularius.

tL

T

1. TRINGOIDES

Order VII. GRALL. Family III. Sconopacipa.

The third Subfamily,
RECURVIROSTRIN&, or Avocets,

have the Bill lengthened and slender, with the sides grooved to the middle, and compressed towards the
tip, which is acute; the Nostrils linear and membranous: the Wings long and pointed: the Tail rather
short and rounded: the Tarsi long, slender, and covered in front with reticulated scales: the Tibia long,
and denuded of feathers for some distance above the knee: the Toes moderate, sometimes free and
sometimes entirely united by a web to the ends of the toes; the hind toe extremely short, or wanting: the

Claws short.

Recurvirostra Linn.*

Bill very long and slender, with the culmen slightly depressed at the base, the sides grooved to the
middle, and compressed to the tip, which is gradually pointed; the nostrils lateral, and placed in the
groove, with the opening linear and membranous. Wangs long and pointed, with the first quill the
longest. Tadd short and rounded. Tarsi much longer than the middle toe, rather compressed, and
covered in front with reticulated scales. Toes united together by an indented web ; the outer toe rather

longer than the inner ; the hind toe extremely short ; the Claws short, compressed, and acute.

The species of this genus are found in most parts of the globe. They frequent the swampy places on the borders of
rivers, or in salt marshes, where they are most usually observed in pools of shallow water, fluttering their wings, and
shaking their half-bent legs, which gives them an appearance as if they would tumble over; at the same time they are
continually uttering a sharp note of click often repeated. Sometimes these birds are noticed in small parties on the
open downs that are thinly covered with grasses and other kinds of vegetation, moving very quickly over the ground,
and if alarmed they frequently fly off in a straight line, just above the surface of the ground. They rarely, if ever, swim,
except when alarmed, or when they have accidentally proceeded out of their depth while examining the shallow water.
The nest is generally formed of dry grasses, sea-weeds, and small twigs, to the thickness of several inches; and is placed
among thick tufts of grass, in the neighbourhood of pools of shallow water. The eggs are usually four in number.

1. R. avocetta Linn. PI. enl. 353. Gould, B. of Eur. pl. 289. 4. R. americana Gmel. Lath. Syn. v. pl. 92., Wils. Amer. Orn.

2. R. orientalis Cuv. Reg. Anim. p. 496.— Recurvirostra leucoce- | pl. 63. f. 2., Leach, Zool. Mise. pl. 101., Audub. B. of Amer. pl.
phala Vieill. Encye. Méth. p. 360. t. 236. f. 4., Gal. des Ois. t. 272. 318.

3. R. rubricollis Temm. Man. d’Ornith. ii. p.592.—Recurvirostra | 5. R. occidentalis Vigors, Zool. Journ. iv. p. 357., Zool. Beechey’s
nove hollandie Vieill., Gould, B. of Austr. pl. Voy. pl. 12.

* Linneus established this genus in 1744. T'rochilus of Moehring (1752) and Avocetta of Brisson (1760) are synonymous.

RECURVIROSTRIN&.

Ciaporuynenus G. R. Gray.*

Bill very long and straight, with the culmen slightly depressed, and the sides grooved and compressed,
especially towards the tip, which is rather acute ; the nostrils basal, lateral, and placed in the lateral
groove, with the opening linear and closed by a membrane. Wings long and pointed, with the first quill
the longest. Tail short and wedge-shaped. Tarsi long, slender, compressed, and covered in front with
reticulated scales. Toes short, united together by an indented web; the inner toe shorter than the outer ;
the hind toe wanting.

The typical species of this division is only found in the southern and western portions of Australia. Its habits and
manners are very similar to those of the foregoing genus.

C. pectoralis (Dubus), Mém. Acad. Roy. de Brux. 1835. p. ., Mag. de Zool. 1835, Ois. t.45.— Himantopus palmatus Gould, B. of Austr. pl.

Hrmanvropus Briss.+

Lill much longer than the head, very slender, and straight, with the sides grooved to the middle, and
compressed towards the tip, which is acute; the nostrils basal, and placed in the groove, with the
opening long, linear, and closed by a membrane. Wings long and pointed, with the first quill the longest.
Tail short, and nearly even. Tarsi very long, slender, and covered in front with reticulated scales. Yoes
moderate, and united at the base by a small membrane, especially the outer toe; the hind toe wanting ;

the claws small, compressed, and acute.

The species are scattered over various portions of the world. They are generally found in small flocks of twenty or
thirty individuals, frequenting marshy places, especially salt marshes that abound in shallow pools. It is in such places
that they are usually seen, wading about in the water up to their breast while seeking for their food, which consists of minute
shells, aquatic insects, and their larve; and the length and form of their bill enable them to scoop for their food from among
the mud. Their flight is rapid and steady, and if alarmed the whole party collects together in the air, flying with their
long legs extending behind them, and at the same time keeping up a continual sharp often repeated note of click. On
first alighting, either on the ground or in the water, they usually drop their wings, stand with their legs half bent, and
at the same time trembling, as if their legs were too weak to balance the weight of their body. The nest is slightly
formed of a small quantity of dry grass, sea-weed, and other kinds of vegetables; and is often added to after the
bird has commenced sitting, until it becomes several inches in thickness. The eggs are generally four in number.

1. H. candidus Bonn. Pl. enl. 878. — Charadrius himantopus 3. H. mewicanus Briss. — Himantopus leucurus Vieill.; H. lon-
Gmel. ; Himantopus rufipes et H. vulgaris Bechst.; H. atropterus | gipes Brehm?
et H. melanopterus Meyer ; H. albicollis Vieil/. ; H. asiaticus Less. 4. H.melanurus Vieill. Ency. Méth. p. 340., Azara, No. 393. —

Gould, B. of Eur. pl. 289. | Himantopus brasiliensis Brehm ?

2. H. nigricollis Vieill. Gal. des Ois. t. 229. — Recurvirostra hi- 5. H. nove zealandie Gould, Proc. Z.S. 1841. p. 8., B. of
mantopus Wils. Amer. Orn, pl. 55. f.1., Audub. B. of Austr. pl. Austr. pl., Voy. au Pole Sud, Ois.t. . f.
328. | 6, H. leucocephalus Gould, Proc. Z.S. 1837. p. 26., B. of Austr. pl.

* It was in 1835 that Chevalier Dubus established this genus under the name of Leptorhynchus, which, having been previously used,
was changed in 1840 to the above name. Xiphidiorhynchus of Herr Reinchenback (184 ?) is coequal.
+ Brisson established this genus in 1760, Macrotarsus of Lacépéde (1800—1801), and Hypsibates of Nitasch (182 ?).

October, 1847.

PULSOYUTAYNIIAU

LIT

oS =) ©

Syed

td ad

nS #4

Nee? A

ne

2

once
vali or sain
ae

LAA LOCAL

Ja ee ASAIN LRA

Volf del etlith

9
tae

oO

pectoralis

g
je)

CHU

JRHYN

(Gistiey NIM

i

Db

xOPUS

: 2 HAL AF

|
aw

RSITY —
“IS Aey

au

RARY
UNIVERS
E. MA U

MCZ LIBRARY
CAMBRIDG

HARVARD

= - be"

Order VII. GRALLAL. Family III. Sconoracipz.

The fourth Subfamily,
TRINGIN&, or Sanppiprrs,

have the Bill generally longer than, or as long as, the head, slender, compressed on the sides, with the
culmen near the tip slightly depressed and enlarged; the Nostrils basal, and placed in a nasal groove
that extends for two thirds of the bill; the Wings long and pointed; the Tail moderate and rounded ;

the Tarsi usually long and slender ; the Toes more or less long, and united at the base.

HemipatamMa Pr. Bonap.*

Bill longer than the head, slender, the base compressed on the sides, and slightly depressed towards
the tip, which is rather curved; the nostrils basal, lateral, and placed in a narrow nasal groove. Wings
long and pointed, with the first quill the longest. Taz! moderate, and nearly even. Tarsi long, slender,
and compressed, covered with transverse scales in front. Toes moderate, slender, and the anterior ones
united at the base by a small membrane; the hind toe very small and elevated; the claws rather long,

very slender, and arched.

This bird is found only in the high northern latitudes during the summer, frequenting the borders of the fresh-
water lakes and ponds, but resorts to the flat shores of Hudson’s Bay in the autumn, prior to taking its departure
for the northern and middle states of the American Union, where it is found during the winter months.

1, H. multistriata (Licht.) — Tringa himantopus Pr. Bonap. | 2. H. Auduboni Nutt. Man. ii. 140.— T. himantopus Rich. §
Amer. Orn. pl. 25. f. 3., Audub. B. of Amer. pl. 344.; Tringa | Sw. ? :
Douglassii Swains. Faun. Bor. Amer. Birds, pl. 66. |

Puitomacuus Mehr.+

Bill as long as the head, straight, rather slender, the sides compressed and grooved to near the tip,
which is rather dilated; the nostrils basal, lateral, and placed in a nasal groove. Wings long and
pointed, with the first and second quills equal and longest. Tazl rather short, and nearly even. Tarsi
long, slender, and covered in front with transverse scales. Toes moderate, the lateral ones unequal, with
the outer toe united at the base to the middle one as far as the first joint, and the base of the inner toe
free ; the hind toe elevated and short.

This bird inhabits the northern latitudes during the summer, and the more temperate parts of the old continent during
the winter. It is generally observed in flocks on marshes or inundated places, and occasionally on the sea coast.

* Established by the Prince of Canino in 1828 (Synopsis of the Birds of the United States, p. 316.).
+ Meehring (Gen. Avium) established this genus in 1752. Pavoncella of Leach (1816) and Machetes of Cuvier (1817) are coequal.

TRINGIN 2.

During the spring the male is furnished with a curious appendage on each side of the neck; while thus ornamented it
is very irritable, and fights every male bird that appears in view with great determination and obstinacy, until one of
them betakes itself to flight, but its fears are soon dispelled, and it renews the conflict as soon as another appears. The
food is sought for during the night; it consists of worms, insects, and their larvae. The nest is formed of coarse grass,
and is placed in a hollow on the ground. The eggs are generally four in number.

P. pugnax (Linn.) Pl. enl. 800, 805, 306. 844, Gould, B. of | tanus indicus Gray, Ill, Ind. Zool. pl. 52. f. 1. ; Limosa Hardwickii

a

Eur. pl. 828. — Tringa variegata Briin. ; T. equestris Lath. ; T. | Gray, Ill. Ind. Zool. pl. 52. f. 2.
grenovicensis Lath.; T. rufescens Bechst.; T. littorea Gmel. ; To-

Trinca Linn.*

Bill as long as, or longer than, the head, straight, slender, with the sides compressed at the base, and
rather dilated and depressed at the tip; the nostrils placed in a nasal groove, which extends to near the
tip, basal, lateral, and longitudinal. Wings moderate and pointed, with the first quill the longest. Tail
rather short, and nearly even. Tarsi strong, rather long, and covered in front with transverse scales.
Toes moderate, slightly united at the base of the outer toe, and all margined on the sides by a membrane ;

the hind toe very small and elevated.

The marine marshes and the sea shores, as well as the borders of inland lakes and rivers, of the more genial parts of
the world are frequented during the winter by the birds that compose this genus. They retire in large flocks to the
colder latitudes on the return of the summer months. It is on the shores, after the recess of the tide, in company with
other species, that these birds are seen collecting their food from the refuse of the ocean, or quietly and intently probing
the moist sands for worms and small shellfish, or quickly running before the advancing surge and profiting by what it
leaves behind in its retreat.

1. T. canutus Linn. Pl. enl. 366. 365., Gould, B. of Eur. pl. 524. | 8. T. Schinzii Brehm. Gould, B. of Eur. pl. 330., Pr. Bonap.
—Tringa cineréa Briin.; T. islandicus, T, nevia, et T. australis | Amer. Orn, pl. 24. f.2., Audub. B. of Amer. pl. 278. ; Pelidna cin-
Gmel.; T. glareola Pall.; T. ferruginea Meyer &§ Wolf; T. rufa | clus var. Say.

Wils. Amer. Orn. pl. 57.f. 2.5., Audub. B. of Amer. 315. ; T. grisea | 9. T. pectoralis Say, Pr. Bonap. Amer. Orn. iii. pl. 23. f. 2., Gould,

Gmel. B. of Eur. pl. 327., Audub. B. of Amer. pl. 294. — Tringa campes-
2. T. maritima Briin. Orn. Bor No. 182., Gould, B. of Eur. pl. | tris Licht. ? ; T. fuscicollis Vieill. ? ; Azara No. 404,

344, — Tringa nigricans Mont. ; T. arquatella Pall., Audub. B. of | 10. ? T. australis Jard. & Selby, Ill. Ornith. pl. 91.

Amer. pl. 284. _ 11. T. minutus Leisl. Nachtr. i. 74., Gould, B. of Eur. pl. 332.
3. T. rufescens Vieill. N. Dict. d’Hist. Nat. xxxiv. 470., Gould, | — Tringa pusilla Mey. § Wolf; T.cinclus Pall. ; Type of Acto-
B. of Eur. pl 326., Audub. B. of Amer. pl. 265., Linn, Trans. xvi. dromus Kaup (1829).
p. 110. pl. 11. 12. T. Temminckii Leisl. Nachtr. i. 65., Gould, B. of Eur. pl.
4. T. leucoptera Gmel. Lath. Syn. v. pl. 82.— Tringa pyrrhotrea | 333., Temm. PI. col. 41. f. 1. — Tringa pusilla Bechst. ; Type of
Forst. Desc. Anim. p. 174., Icon. ined. 120. Leimonites Kaup (1829).
5. T. melanotus Vieill. Ency. Méth. p. 1088. — Tringa dorsalis 13. T. albescens (Temm.) Pl. col. 41. f.2.—Calidris australis Cuv.
Licht. Meyen, Noy. Acta, 1839, Azara No. 401. 14. T. pusilla Wils. Amer. Orn. pl. 37.f.4. — T. Wilsoni Nutt.

6. T. platyrhyncha Temm. Gould, B. of Eur. pl. 331. — Tringa 15.? T. minutilla Vieill. N. Dict. Hist. Nat. xxxiv. 466.—Tringa
eloroides Véieill.; Limicola pygmeus Koch; Type of Limicola | dominicensis Steph.
Kaup (1816). 16. T. subarquata Gmel. PI. enl. 851., Gould, B. of Eur. pl. 328.

7. T.cinelus Linn. PI. enl. 852., Gould, B. of Eur. pl. 329. — | — Tringa ferruginea Briin. ; T. islandica Retz.; Scolopax africana
Tringa alpina Linn.; T. ruficollis Gmel.; Numenius variabilis | Gmel.; Sc. caffra Forst. Desc. Anim. p. 49. et Icon. ined. 118. ;
Bechst. Audub. B. of Amer. 290., Wils. Amer. Orn. pl. 57. f. 3. pl. | Tringa falcinella Pall.; Scolopax pygmea Gmel. Penn. Gen. Birds,
56. £.2. ; T. variabilis Meyer ; Scolopax pusilla Gmel. ; T. salina | pl. 11., Boys’s Sandw. pl. p. .; Numenius pygmeus Lath. Audub.
Pall. Zoogr. ii. 199. t.61.? Type of Scheeniclus Mehr. (1752). B. of Amer. pl. 263. ; Erolia varia Vieill. Pl. col. 510. ; Falcinellus

* Linneus established this genus in 1735 (Syst. Nat.). It is eoequal with Calidris of Cuvier (1817), and Canutus of M. Brehm
(1830). It embraces the following generic names of M. Kaup, Ancylocheilus, Leimonites, Actodromus, and Falcinellus (1829). This
latter name is synonymous with Limicola Koch (1816). Lrolia of Vieillot (1816) and its synonyme of Falcinellus of Cuvier (1817)
also form part of this genus.

3 G

TRINGIN %.

Cuvieri Pr. Bonap.; Tringa (Pelinda) chinensis Gray; Type of 21. ? T. campestris Vieill. N. Dict. Hist. Nat. xxxiv. 454., Azara
Erolia Vieil/, (1816), and of Ancylocheilus Kaup, 1829. No. 397.
17. T. longirostris Bull. Sci. Nat. xv. 393. 22. ? T. subruficollis Vieill. N. Dict. Hist. Nat. xxxiv. 465.,
18. ? T. sakhalmi Vieill. N. Dict. Hist. Nat. xxxiv.471., Kru- | Azara 403.
senst. Voy. t. 86. 23. ? T. nove terre Gmel.
19.? T. atricapilla Vieill. Encycl. Méth. p. 1090., Azara 24, ? T. variegata Gmel.
No. 4.06. . 25. ? T. noveboracensis Gmel.
20. ? T. maculata Vieill. N. Dict. Hist. Nat. xxxiv. 465. 26. ? T. canadensis Lath.

Evurinoruyncuus Nils.*

Bill rather longer than the head, straight, compressed at the base for two thirds of its length, dilated
and depressed on the sides at the tip, so as to become rhomboidal, with a sharp angular projection
in front; the nostrils basal, lateral, longitudinal, and placed in a nasal groove. Wings very long and
pointed, with the first quill the longest. Tail short, and rather rounded. Tavs: moderate, slightly
compressed, and reticulated. Toes moderate and slender, with the lateral ones equal, the base slightly
united, and the sides margined by a membrane; the hind toe elevated and short; the claws small and

slightly curved.

This singular bird is very rarely found in the northern parts of Europe and the continent of India. Its habits and
manners are at present unknown.

E. pygmeus (Linn.) Pr. Bonap. Thunb. Svensk Vetensk. Acad. | ix., Journ. As. Soc. Beng. v. 217., Rev. Zool. 1842. 37. 402. t. 2.
Handl. 1816. pl. vi—Eurinorhynchus griseus Nils. As. Res. xix. pl. f. 1., Bancr. Nat. Hist. Guyana, p. 171.? Eu. orientalis Blyth.

Hereroropa Nutt.t+

Bill as long as the head, straight, slender, the sides compressed, and tapering towards the tip; the
culmen straight and broad, and flattened near the apex; the nostrils lateral, basal, and placed in a
narrow groove. Wings long and pointed, with the first quill the longest. Taz rather short, with the
middle feathers longer than the lateral, which are a little longer than the intermediate ones. Yarsi
moderate, slender, and compressed. ves rather long, slender; the lateral toes unequal, and united at
their base by a web, which extends between the outer and middle toe to the second joint, but all are

margined to the extremity; the claws small, compressed, and rather arched.

This bird is found in the northern parts of the New World, and is generally observed in company with the smaller
species of the subfamily, though at times they form flocks separate from each other. It is sometimes seen on the
borders of the great inland lakes, at other times in the salt marshes, or the muddy shores after the recess of the tide.
Its food consists of small insects, shrimps, and other shellfish, which it probes out of the sand, and of which it usually
swallows a considerable quantity. The nest is made of withered grass, wherein are deposited from four to five eggs.

H. semipalmata (Wils.) Nutt. Wils. Amer. Orn. pl. 63. f. 4. — Tringa brevirostris Spiw, Av. Bras. t. 93., Audub. B. of Amer. pl. 405.

* M. Nilson established this genus in 1816 (Ornith. Suecic. ii. 29.).
+ Mr. Nuttall established this genus in 1834 (Man. Ornith. of the United States, ii. p. 135.).

TRINGIN 2.

Cauipris J/1.*

Bill as long as the head, straight, slender, the sides at the base compressed, and the tip slightly dilated
and smooth; the nostrils basal, lateral, longitudinal, and placed in a nasal groove. Wings moderate
and pointed, with the first quill the longest. ail moderate and even, with the middle feathers rather
longer than the lateral ones. Tarsi longer than the middle toe, strong, and covered in front with
transverse scales. Toes rather short, slender, slightly united at their base by a small membrane, and

the sides margined ; the hind toe wanting ; the claws short and curved.

This bird during its periodical migrations is widely distributed, from the arctic circle to the southern latitudes, on the
change of seasons. It generally frequents the sandy shores, where it seeks for small insects, larve, and worms. Its
flight is powerful and quick, and it also shows great speed when running on the ground.

C. arenaria (Linn.) Gould, B. of Eur. pl. 335. — Charadrius | tringoides Vieill. Gal. des Ois. t. 234., Wils. Amer. Orn. pl. 59. f. 4.
calidris Linn. ; ©. rubidus Gmel.; Arenaria grisea Bechst.; A. | pl. 63. f.3., Audub. B. of Amer. pl. 230.
vulgaris Leisl. ; A. calidris Meyer ; Tringa tridactyla Pall. ; Calidris

* Established by Cuvier between 1799 and 1800. Arenaria of Meyer (1810) is synonymous.

August, 1845,

mua, poulyshynyd (um) -snoubhd
PIONTIYL SMINAHYONTYAY

FUUOWMTT IUMeT SjepuewmyNy7->d

MA USA.

Wi.

RVARD -U NIVERSI iW
IDG
ivae

|

>
a.
=
o
(aa)
_
N
Oo
=

TCIRION GION AE .

156

Swarr
i

)

)

RY
Y
4 yn

OM)

ay

D>!

—ahiepeed LTT TL]

ett TITCTES Tone, at

SF
fennel

eee (Cacace Uri

SET

C.Hullmandel’s Patent Lithotnt.

.

1. HETEROPODA semipalmata. 2. HEMIPALAMA multstmata. 3.TRINGA canutus
4. PHILOMACHUS pugnax 5. CALIDRIS arenaria. ©. EURINORHYNCHUS pygmaeus

MCZ LIBRARY
HARVARD UNIVERSITY
CAMBRIDGE. MA USA

Order VII. GRALLZ. Family III. Scotopactp 2.

The fifth Subfamily,

SCOLOPACIN &, or Snives,

have the Bill long, straight, rather slender, compressed on the sides, and rather depressed, and turned
down near the tip, which is obtuse and bent over that of the lower mandible; the nostrils placed in a
narrow longitudinal groove with the opening linear, and covered by a membrane; the Wings moderate
and pointed; the Tail short and rounded; the Tarsi more or less long, and covered in front with
narrow transverse scales ; the Toes long, rather slender, with the hind toe short, elevated, and reaching

to the ground.

Macrorampnus Leach.*

Bill long, straight, and laterally grooved to near the tip, which is dilated and obtuse; the nostrils
basal, lateral, placed in the groove, with the opening oblong and exposed. Wangs long and pointed,
with the first and second quills equal and longest. Tail short and slightly rounded. Tarsi rather
slender, longer than the middle toe, and covered in front with narrow transverse scales; the apical
half of the tibia bare of plumes. Toes moderate and slender, with the lateral toes margined on the sides,
and united to the middle one, especially the outer, in which the union extends to the first joint ; the

hind toe elevated and short.

This migratory species is found in Europe and North America, where it lives in compact flocks, and frequents the
marshes in the neighbourhood of the sea, sand bars, and mud flats at low water in search of its food, which consists of
small molluscous animals. They fly very rapidly, sometimes, observes Wilson, wheeling, coursing, and doubling along
the surface of the marshes, then shooting high into the air, and there separating and forming in various bodies, uttering
a kind of quivering whistle.

M. griseus (Gmel.) Leach, Wils. Amer. Orn. pl. 58. f. 1. — Sco-
lopax noveboracensis Gmel.; S, Paykullii Ni/s.; S. leucopheea |

Vieill. ; Limosa scolopacea Say, Gould, B. of Eur. pl. 323., Audub.
B. of Amer, pl. 335., Pr. Bonap. Amer. Orn. pL 23. f, 3.

Gatumnaco Leach.+

Bill long, straight, grooved, and compressed on the sides, and the culmen rather depressed near the

tip, which is obtuse, and curved over that of the lower mandible ; the nostrils basal, placed in the

* Established by Leach in 1816 (Catal. of British Birds). Lymnodromus of the Prince of Neuwied is synonymous.
+ Leach established this division in 1816 (Catal. of British Birds). I suspect the species form the first division of Numenius of
Linneus (1735). Telmatias of M. Boie (1826), and Ascalopaw of Count Keyserling and Dr, Blasius (1840) are synonymous.

SCOLOPACIN 2.

groove, with the opening oblong and exposed. Wings moderate and pointed, with the first and second
quills equal and longest. Zai/short and rounded. Tarsi moderate, shorter than the middle toe, strong,
and covered in front with narrow transverse scales; the tibia bare for a short space above the knee.
Toes long, the inner toe shorter than the outer, and free at their base; the hind toe moderate and

elevated, with the claw long and curved.

These birds are scattered through the globe. They frequent swampy woods and forests, or the open marshes,
morasses, and borders of rivers. Their usual times for seeking their food is early in the morning, and during the
twilight of the evening: it consists of insects and worms; for these they search the decayed leaves, and they also
probe the mud and slime with their lengthened bills. When alarmed, they generally lie close to the ground or among
the grass, or suddenly start on the wing, escaping by a short flight, which is elevated, rapid, and irregular. The
number of the eggs is usually four; these are deposited on the ground.

oD”

1. G. major (Gmel.) Steph. — Scolopax media Frisch. Vog. t. 11. G. australis (Lath,) Lamb. Icon. ined. iii. t. 1. — Scolopax

228. ; 8. paludosa Retz. ; S. palustris Pall. ; S. gallinacea Dumont, | Hardwickii Gray.

Gould, B, of Eur. pl. 321. f. 1.; Gallinago Montagni Pr. Bonap. 12. G. solitaria (Hodgs.) Proc. Zool. Soc. 1836. p. 8.

2. G. media Steph. — Scolopax gallinago Linn.; S. grallinaria 13. G. Burka (Pr. Bonap.) Monogr. Scolop. (note).

Gmel. Pl. enl. 883., Gould, B. of Eur. pl. 321. f. 2. ; Gallinago sco- 14, G. nemoricola (Hodgs.) Proc. Zool. Soc. 1836. p. 8., Jerd.

lopacinus Pr. Bonap.; 8. uniclavatus Hodgs. Journ. As. Soc. B. | Ill. Ind. Orn. pl. 9.; Type of Nemoricola Hodgs. (1837).

1837. 492. 15. G. paraguaie (Vieill.) Ency. Méth. p.— 8. Brasiliensis
3. ? G. Brehmii (Kaup.). | Swains.; S. frenatus Z//. Azara, No. 387.

4, G. gallinula (Linn.) PI. enl. 884., Gould, B. of Eur. pl. 322. 16. G. magellanica (King), Zool. Journ. iv. p.93.

— Gallinago minima Steph. ; Type of Lymnocryptes Kaup. 17. G. aucklandica G. R. Gray, Voy. Ereb. & ‘Terr. Zool. pl. 13.
5. G. Wilsoni (Temm.) Pr. Bonap. — Scolopax gallinago Wiis. 18. G. elegans (Desjard.) Proc. Zool. Soc. 1835. p. 204.

Amer. Orn. pl. 47. f. 2., Audub. B. of Amer. pl. 243. ; S. delicata 19. G. cayanensis (Gmel.) Steph.

Ord. 20. G. undulata (Bodd.) Pl. enl. 895. — Scolopax paludosa
6. G. Drummondii (Swains.) Pr. Bonap. Faun. Bor. Amer. ii. | Gmel. ; S. australis Less.

p- 400. 21. G. Stricklandii G. R. Gray, Voy. Ereb. & Terr. Birds, pl. 33.
7. G, Douglassii (Swains.) Pr. Bonap. Faun. Bor. Amer. ii. p. 22. G. gigantea (Natt.) Pl. col. 403.

400. 24, G. Sabini (Vigors), Linn. Trans, xiv. p. 556. pl. 31., Gould,
8. G. leucura (Swains.) Faun. Bor. Amer. ii. p. 501. B. of Eur. pl. 321. f. 1., Jard. & Selby, Ill. Orn. ii. p. 27. ; Type of
9. G. trachydactylus (Wagl.) Isis, 1831. p. 522. Enalius Kaup. (1829).

10. G. stenura (Temm.) Pr. Bonap. Monogr. Scol. sp. 7. — Sco- ? 25. G. sakhalina (Vieill.) N. Dict. d’Hist. Nat. iii. 359., Krust.

lopax gallinago Horsf. ; S. Horsfieldii Gray, Ill. Ind. Zool. ii. pl. 54. | Voy. t. 86.

f.; S. biclavatus Hodgs. ; Gallinago media var. Hodgs.; G. heterura —- 26. -G. saturata (Horsf.) Steph. Linn. Trans. xiii. p. 191.,

Hodgs. . | Res. in Java, pl.

Scotopax Linn.*

Bill long, slender, straight, compressed, and grooved on the sides for nearly its entire length; the
tip obtuse, and bent over that of the lower mandible ; the nostrils lateral, basal, placed in the lateral
groove, with the opening exposed and linear. Wings long, with the first quill the longest. Taz short
and rounded. Tuarsi shorter than the middle toe, robust, feathered below. the knee, and covered in
front with narrow transverse scales. Toes moderate, rather slender, the inner toe shorter than the

outer ; the hind toe long and elevated, with the claws very small.

* Linneus established this genus in 1756. It had been previously proposed under the name of Rusticola by Mcehring in 1752.

4 x

SCOLOPACIN &.

The single species of this genus is found scattered through the Old World, frequenting the extensive forests, among
the underwood of which they lie concealed during the day, but early in the morning, and as the twilight approaches they
seek the open places and meadows to search for their food, which principally consists of worms, that are obtained by
scratching up the dead leaves and grasses. It is occasionally found on the margins of small streams. The nest is a
slight hollow in a thicket, or at the root of a tree, which is lined with a few dead leaves and stems of dried erass, on
which are deposited four eggs.

8. rusticola Linn. PI. enl. 885., Gould, B. of Eur. pl. — Scolopax indicus Hodgs. Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 1837. p. 490.

PuHILoueia.*

Bill long, straight, with the sides compressed and broadly grooved towards the tip, which is rather
depressed and curved over that of the lower mandible; the nostrils basal, placed in the groove, with
the opening oblong and exposed. Wings moderate, with the first three quills graduated, narrowed, and
curved, and the fourth and fifth equal and longest. asl moderate and rounded. Tars? shorter than
the middle toe, robust, and covered in front with transverse narrow scales. Toes moderate, with

the inner shorter than the outer; the hind toe long, slender, with the claw very small.

The species that forms this division is only found in North America; it frequents the woods and thickets during the
day, but early in the morning and on the approach of evening seeks the open swampy places and the marshy shores of
the large rivers where it searches for its food which consists of the larvae of insects, and worms; these it usually finds
by turning over the leaves that lie on the ground with its bill, but it also occasionally probes the earth in search of
them. When flushed in the woods, it rises to the height of the bushes or underwood, and almost instantly drops behind
them again at a short distance, generally running off for several yards as soon as it reaches the ground. Wilson further
tells us that sometimes it rises by a kind of spiral course to a considerable height in the air, uttering at times a sudden
quack, till, haying gained its utmost height, it hovers around in a wild irregular manner, making a sort of murmuring
sound, and then descends with rapidity as it rose. The usual note of this bird seems to be uttered with great difficulty,
throwing its head towards the earth, and frequently jetting up its tail. The nest is placed on the ground, and is
composed of a few dead leaves and stalks of grass laid loosely together. The eggs are four or five in number.

R. minor (Gmel.) Vieill. Gal. des Ois. t. 242., Wils. Amer. Orn, pl. 48. f. 2., Audub. B. of Amer. pl, 248.

Rayncua#a Cuv.t

Bill moderate, rather curved, compressed, and grooved on the sides to the tip, which is much curved
and slightly hooked over that of the lower mandible; the nostrils basal, placed in the lateral groove,

with the opening lmear and exposed. Wings moderate, with the first three quills equal and longest ;

* Mr. Nuttal in 1834 established this division under the name of Microptera, which having been previously employed, I changed it to

the above name in 1841,
+ Vieillot in 1816 established this division under the name of Rostraiula, but in 1825 he adopted that proposed by Cuvier (about 1817)

which is given above.

—

SCOLOPACIN 2.

the tertials as long as the quills.

front with narrow scales; the tibia bare of plumes for a short space above the knee.

Tail very short.

Tarsi as long as the middle toe, and covered in

Toes long and

slender, with the inner toe shorter than the outer; the hind toe long, slender, and elevated.

The species of this genus are found in India, Australia, and South America.
that border the lakes and rivers, or in the open swampy places.

from which they are not easily driven.

1. R. chinensis (Bodd.) Pl. enl. 881. — Scolopax sinensis Lath. ;
Rallus bengalensis Zinn. ? Albin’s Birds, pl. 90.? ; Rhynchea va-
riegata Vieill. Gal. des Ois. t. 240.; R. picta Gray ; Scolopax ma-
deraspatana Gmel.; R. orientalis Horsf. ; S. indica Gmel. ?

2. R. capensis (Linn.) Pl. enl. 270., Desc. d’Egypt, Ois. t. 14.
t. 4., Lath, Gen. Syn. pl. 81., Pl. enl. 922. — 5. madagascariensis
Gmel.

June, 1846.

They are observed among the rushes
If disturbed they usually seek safety in the low bushes

Their flight is slow, straight, and not far from the ground.

3. R. australis Gould, Proc. Z. 8. 1837. p. 155.,
pl.

4. R. semicollaris (Vieill.) N. Dict. d’Hist. Nat. vi. p. 402.,
Azara, No. 405. —Rhynchea Hilarea Valenc.; R. occidentalis
King, Less. Il]. de Zool. t. 18., Croch. Iconogr. Regn. An. Ois. t. 79.
f. 2.

B. of Austr,

(a2) SNANINA)
OOVFNITTVD

“by - % ba ae
Nia. ~ Oey Leen a
‘he w!

aed Ort ti

vat mae

RVARD UNIVERS

MCZ LIBRARY
MA USA

CAMBRIDGE.

HA

~

DD WY LWW Le Za WY LLIN 4M 1O/

C.Hullmandel’s Patent lathotmt
ACRORHAMPHUSéiseus 2PHILOHELA minor 3 SCOLOPAX rustcola. 4. GALLINAGO media. 6. RHYNCHA#A chinensis

MCZ LIBRARY
HARVARD UNIVERSITY
CAMBRIDGE. MA USA

Order VII. GRALLE. Family IIT. Sco.opacipm.

The sixth Subfamily,

PHALAROPODIN &, or Puararores,

have the Bill as long as, or longer than, the head, more or less slender and straight ; the culmen straight,
except at the tip, which is curved; the sides of the upper mandible grooved for nearly its whole length ;
the Nostrils placed in the lateral groove, with the opening linear: the Wings long and pointed: the
Tail short and rounded: the Tarsi short, and more or less robust: the Toes moderate, united at the
base, and more or less lobed on the sides to the tips; the hind toe short, elevated, and margined slightly
by a narrow membrane.

PHauaropus Briss.*

Bill as long as, or longer than, the head, more or less slender, but sometimes enlarged and depressed
towards the tip, which is curved and acute; the sides grooved for nearly its whole length, in which
groove the nostrils are placed, with the opening basal, linear, and partly closed by a membrane. Wings
long and pointed, with the first and second quills equal and longest. Taz! more or less short and
rounded. Tarsi as long as, or longer than, the middle toe, rather robust and compressed. Toes long ; the
lateral toes united to the middle by a membrane that runs along the margin of each toe, which is more
or less lobed; the hind toe moderate, elevated, and slightly margined by a membrane ; the claws short
and acute.

The species are inhabitants of the northern regions, but migrating to the more temperate climes during severe
winters. They are usually observed in pairs, or in small parties, swimming about on the sea, or on lakes, ponds, and
streams of fresh water, generally near the margins, moving quickly in search of floating seeds, aquatic insects, and small
erustaceous animals, on which they subsist. ‘They swim with the greatest facility and swiftness, and their flight is rapid
and elevated in the air. The female deposits four eggs among a tuft of herbage in the marshes.

1. P. fulicarius (Linn.) Cuy. Edwards's Birds, pl. 142.— Pha- | Edwards’s Birds, pl. 308., Gould, B. of Eur. pl. 336., Audub. B. of
laropus rufus Bechst.; Ph. platyrhynchos Temm.; Ph. rufescens | Amer. pl. 254.; Type of Lobipes Cuv. (1817).

Briss. Gould, B. of Eur. pl. 337.; Tringa lobata Lepechin; Tr. 8. P. Wilsonii Sab. Faun. Bor. Amer. Birds, pl. 69. — Phala-
glacialis Gmel. Audub. B. of Amer. pl. 255., Wils. Amer. Orn. pl. | ropus lobatus Wils. Amer. Orn. pl. 73. f. 3.; Lobipes incanus
73. £.4., Gal. des Ois. t. 270., Pall. Zoogr. ii. p. 205. t. 63. Jard. & Selby, Mlustr. of Orn. pl. 16.; Ph. frenatus Vieil/. Gal.

2. P. hyperboreus (Linn.) Cuvy. Pl. enl. 766., Edwards's Birds, | des Ois. t. 271.; Ph. fimbriatus T’emm. Pl. col. 270.; Ph. steno-
pl. 143. — Phalaropus cinereus Briss. ; Ph. angustirostris Naum. ; | dactylus Wagl. Isis (1831), p. 525.? Audub. B. of Amer. pl. 254. ;
Ph. ruficollis Pall. Zoogr. ii. p. 203. t.62.; Ph. cinerascens Pall. ; | Type of Holopodius Pr. Bonap. (1828).

Tringa fusca Gmel. Edwards’s Birds, pl. 46.; Tr. lobata Linn.

* Established by Brisson in 1760 (Ornithologie, vi. p. 12.). Crymophilus of Vieillot (1816) is coequal. It embraces Lobipes of Cuvier
(1817), Holopodius of the Prince of Canino (1828), and Amblyrhynchus of Mr. Nuttall (1834).

June, 1848.

APU0T LIMIS/ Vf
SMALE TV Hd

ERSITY ©

RARY
IVE
MA USA

UN
Es

HARVARD
CAMBRIDG

MCZ LIB

Order VII. GRALLA.

The fourth Family,
PALAMEDEID 4, or Screamers,

have the Bill generally long and slender, with the culmen rather depressed, straight at the base, the
apical part vaulted, and the tip overhanging that of the lower mandible; the gonys short and sometimes
angulated ; the nostrils lateral, generally placed near the middle of the bill, and longitudinal ; the Wings
long, and generally armed at the shoulder with an acute spine or blunt tubercle; the Tail generally
short and slightly rounded ; the Tarsi long and slender; the Toes very long, slender, and furnished
with long and straight, or short and slightly curved, claws; the hind toe long, furnished with a more or

less long, and acute claw.

The fifth Subfamily,
PARRIN &, or Jacanas,

have the Bill lengthened, slender, with the culmen straight at the base, and vaulted at the tip, which is
entire ; the nasal groove long and narrow, and the opening of the nostrils placed in the middle of the
bill, small and oval; the Wings more or less long and pointed ; the Tail generally short; the Tarsi
long and slender; the Toes very long, slender, and armed with long slender claws, especially the hind

toe.

Parra Linn.*

Bill as long as the head, straight and slender, with the,culmen straight from the base, and slightly
vaulted and curved to the tip, which is entire; the sides compressed; the lateral margins straight, and
the gonys short, ascending, and angulated ; the nostrils small, oval, medial, and placed in a lengthened
groove. Wings long, with the first quill rather shorter than the second, the third the longest. Zadl
very short, and partly concealed by the coverts. Tarsi as long as the middle toe without claw, rather
slender, and covered by transverse scales. Toes very long and slender, the outer rather longer than the

inner toe ; the hind toe long; the claws long, especially that of the hind toe, which is extremely acute.

2)

The base of bill, and more or less of the head, denuded, and furnished with caruncles.

These singular-footed birds are found in the warmer parts of Asia, Africa, and America. They frequent the marshes,
sides of rivers, and ponds, generally in pairs or small flocks; and their shy and timorous habits induce them, when

* Established by Linneus in 1766. Brisson had in 1760 employed Jacana for this series of birds. It embraces Hydralector and
Metopidius of Wagler (1832).

PARRIN &.

alarmed, to dive into the water, or skulk among the reeds and other kinds of herbage that grow on the margins:
occasionally they seek safety by a short flight. The remarkable length of their toes and claws enables them to walk or
run with great facility over the plants that float on the surface of the water, while seeking their food, which consists of
aquatic insects, and buds and seeds of the plants. The nest is formed among the reeds, and the female usually lays

four egg@s.

1. P. jacana Linn, PI. enl. 322., Edwards’s Birds, pl. 357. — 10. P. capensis A. Smith, Ill. 8. Afr. Zool. Birds, pl. 32.

Parra variabilis Linn. Pl. enl. 846., Edwards’s Birds, pl. 48. 11. P. albinucha I. Geoffr. Mag. de Zool. 1832. Aves, t.6.—
2. ? P. viridis Gmel. Parra atricollis Swains. Two Cent. and a Quart. p. 334.
3. ? P. brasiliensis Gmel. 12. P. indica Lath.— Parra enea Cuv.; P. melanoviridis
4, ? P. nigra Gmel. Vieill. Gal. des Ois. t.264,; P. superciliosa Horsf. Linn. Trans.
5. P. hypomelena G. R. Gray. xiii, p. 194., Zool. Res. pl. ; Type of Metopidius Wagl. (1832.)
6. ? P. chilensis Molin. Chil. p. 229. 13. P. cristata Vieill. N. Dict. d’Hist. Nat. xvi. p. 460. ; Type
7. P. gymnostoma Wagl. Isis, 1831. p. 516. of Hydralector Wagl. (1832.)
8. P. cordifera Less. Rev. Zool. 1842. p. 210. 14. P. gallinacea Temm, PI. col. 464., Gould, B. of Austr. pl.
9. P. africana Gmel, Lath. Gen. Syn. v. pl. 87., Swains. Zool.

Ill. ns. pl. 6.

Hyprornasranus Wagl.*

Wings very long, with the first quill nearly as long as the second, which is the longest, the shaft of
the first three quills more or less prolonged, and the first one slightly and partly webbed; the ends of
the fourth to the seventh prolonged, narrowed, and faleated. Tail narrowed, with the four centre
feathers much prolonged, and the lateral feathers short and graduated. The base of the bill and head

entirely covered with feathers. The other characters like those of the former genus.

The bird which forms this division is found in various parts of India; and its habits and manners are similar to those
previously given.

H. sinensis (Gmel.) Wagl. Lath. Gen. Syn. Suppl. pl. 177., Gould, Cent. of B. pl. — Parra luzoniensis Gmel. Sonn. Voy. t. 45.

* Established by Wagler in 1832 (Jsis, 1832, p. 279.).
y Wag ‘ I

May, 1846,

hv.tg 9 wuejouodly
VuUurd

WAyOMT] Jusey STepueulyNy Dd

;
: r
a >
. — pa ©
> ita

i
\
-
= te

__

-MCZ
HARVARD RS
CAMBRIDGE. MA USA

—

MczZ LIBRARY
HARVARD UNIVERSITY
CAMBRIDGE. ma USA

Order VII. GRALLZ. Family [V. PavamepEia,

The second Subfamily,

PALAMEDEIN A, or Screamers,

have the Bill short, with the culmen sloping, and curved to the tip, and the sides compressed ; the
Nostrils large, placed in a membranous groove, lateral, and exposed; the Wings rather lengthened, with
the shoulder armed with two strong spurs ; the Tail moderate; the Tarsi lengthened, robust, and
covered with numerous small scales; the Toes lengthened, the anterior ones united by a short mem-

brane; and the Claws long and curved.

PaLaMEDEA Linn.*

Bill short, with the culmen elevated and curved to the tip, which projects beyond the lower mandible ;
the sides compressed, and the gonys short and straight ; the nostrils placed in a large membranous nasal
groove, with the opening large, lateral, and oval. Wings long and ample, with the first two quills
shorter than the third and fourth, which are the longest. Tazl moderate and rounded. Tarsi rather
shorter than the middle toe, and covered with small reticulated scales. Toes very long, the lateral
ones unequal, united to the middle one by a short membrane, and covered above with quadrate scales.

The head ornamented by a slender cylindrical horn ; and the lores feathered.

The type of this genus inhabits the marshy and inundated grounds of the northern parts of South America,
especially those that are situated near the sea. It is generally found in pairs, and is very shy and timorous, but soon
betrays itself by its loud calls. When at rest it generally perches on the branch of a lofty tree. Seeds and leaves’ of
aquatic plants constitute its principal food.

P. cornuta Linn. PI. enl. 451.

Cuauna LIlhg.+

Lill short, with the culmen elevated and sloping, and arched to the tip, which is vaulted and hooked,
and the gonys moderate and straight; the nostrils lateral, large, placed in a membranous nasal groove,
with the opening large. Wings long, with the third, fourth, and fifth quills the longest. Zazl moderate
and nearly even. Tarsi long, shorter than the middle toe, and covered with reticulated scales. Toes
long, the lateral ones unequal, the outer being the longest, and the anterior ones united at their base by

a membrane, and covered above with small rather quadrate scales. The lores denuded of feathers.

* Established by Linneus (Systema Nature) in 1766. Brisson, in 1760, had used Anhima for the same division.
+ Established by Illiger (Prodromus, Se. p. 253.) in 1811; while, in 1816, Vieillot proposed Opistholophus for the same bird.

PALAMEDEIN #.

These birds are peculiar to the northern parts of South and Central America, They are observed in the marshes,
and occasionally on the borders of lakes and rivers, in pairs, or in troops of many individuals. Their manners are shy ;
but when not scared their gait is stately and slow. Their flight is easy and swift; but they are unable to run, unless
with the assistance of their wings. They resort to rest on the tops of high trees. The Brazilian species is kept by the
natives among their poultry; it goes with them to feed about the neighbourhood during the day ; and during this time
proves very useful in defending the poultry against the attacks of the numerous birds of prey, by means of the spurs
on the bend of its wings. If the living bird is handled, a crackling is felt, which is caused by the quantity of air that
is lodged between the skin and muscles. Marshy and inundated places are preferred by these birds, as their food con-
sists solely of the leaves of aquatic plants, grasses, and seeds. Their nest is spacious, and made of small branches of
trees, and is usually placed in a bush surrounded with water; but sometimes it is formed among reeds and rushes.
The female lays two eggs.

1. C. chavaria (Linn.) Illig. Temm, PI. col. 219, — Opistholo- 2. C. Derbiana G, R. Gray
phus fidelis Vieill.

January, 1845.

—
LN
NE

NS.

+ Sa GT wy re hs sheet
© A es Tale ey a em am a

CHAUNA
Derbrana GR Cray

MCZ LIBRARY -
HARVARD UNIVERSITY
CAMBRIDGE. MA USA

il aa i

i

MCZ LIBRARY
HARVARD UNIVERSITY
CAMBRIDGE. MA USA

Order VII. GRALLZ.

The fifth Family,
RALLIDA, or Rats,

have the Bill more or less long, with the culmen sometimes advancing on the forehead, but always
curved at the apex, and the sides compressed, the gonys usually ascending; the Nostrils lateral and
placed in a membranous groove; the Wings moderate and generally rounded ; the Tail more or less
long and rounded ; the Tarsi long and rather slender; the Toes mostly lengthened and slender; the

Claws short, compressed, and acute.

The first Subfamily,

RALLIN&A, or Baits,

have the Bill more or less long and slender, with the culmen keeled and curved at the apex, and the
sides compressed ; the Nostrils lateral with the opening placed in a membranous groove; the Wings
moderate, with the first quills usually graduated; the Tail mostly short and rounded; the Tarsi long

and slender; the Toes more or less long and slender, and free at their base.

Rauuus Linn.*

Gill longer than the head, slender and straight, with the culmen slightly curved from the front of the
nostrils, and the sides compressed to the tip, which is obtuse and slightly emarginated ; the gonys
long and slightly curved upwards; the nostrils placed in a membranous groove, which extends
for two-thirds the length of the bill, with the opening exposed and linear. Wings short, with the
second and third quills equal and longest. Tail short and rounded. Tarsi moderate, shorter than the
middle toe, and covered with transverse scales. Joes long and rather slender, the inner toe shorter
than the outer, both free at their bases; the hind toe short and slender; the claws short, compressed,
and very acute.

The species are found in the temperate parts of the world, and inhabit the marshes and borders of rivers, more
especially those that are margined with reeds and aquatic plants; these afford them shelter and refuge when alarmed,

and the compressed form of their bodies enables them to pass through with rapidity. Their flight is awkward and
slow: but they are capable of swimming and diving, and from the length of their toes can with facility run over the

* Established by Linneus in 1756. Biensis (1845) of M. Pucheran is synonymuus.

— -

—

RALLIN A.

surface of the water on the floating plants.
seeds of water plants.
situation. The eggs are usually ten to twelve in number,

1. R. aquaticus Linn, Pl. enl. 749. — Scolopax obscurus S. G.
Gmel., Gould, B. of Eur, pl. 339.

2. R. virginianus Linn. Edwards's Birds, pl. 279, Wils. Amer.
Orn, pl. 62. f.1., Audub. B. of Amer. pl. 205. — Rallus limicola
Vieill. ; R. rythirhynchos Vieill. 2? Azara, No. 372. ?

3. R. erepitans Gmel. Wils. Amer. Orn. pl. 62. f. 2., Audub.
B. of Amer, pl. 204.

4, R. elegans Audub. B. of Amer. pl. 203.

. R. brachipus Swains. Two Cent. and a Quart. p. 336.
. R. Lewini Swains. Two Cent. and a Quart. p. 336.
7. R. cwrulescens Gmel.—Rallus caffer Forst. Descr. Anim. p.50.,

Icon. ined. 129.
8. R. nigricans Vieill. N. Dict. d’Hist. Nat. xxviii. p. 560.
9. R. supercidiosus Swains. Two Cent. and a Quart. p. 335.

OrvryGoME

Their food consists of worms, slugs, and insects, as well as the leaves and
The nest is composed of sedge and coarse grass, and is always placed in a retired marshy

10. R. neglectus Swains. ‘Two Cent. and a Quart. p. 335.
1. R. longirostris Bodd. Pl. enl. 849.

12. R. albiventer Swains. Two Cent. and a Quart. p. 337. —
Gallinula gularis Gray.

13. R. madagascariensis A. Smith, 8. Afr. Journ, i. p. 80. —
_ Biensis typicus Puch. ; Type of Biensis Puch. (1845).

14. R. philippensis Linn, Pl. enl. 774.— Rallus striatus Linn.,
Briss. Orn. vy. t. 14. f. 2.

15. R. pacificus Gmel. Forst. Deser. An. p. 177., Icon. ined.
128. et 127. ?

16. R. pectoralis Cuv.

17. ? R. assimilis G. R. Gray. Dieff. Trav. N. Z. App. p. 197.

18. R. gularis Horsf. Linn, Trans. xiii. p. 196.

Tra Linn.*

Fill shorter than the head, and more or less strong, with the culmen keeled, slightly curved, and the

sides compressed to the tip, which is slightly emarginated, the gonys short and ascending; the nostrils

lateral and placed in a membranous groove, with

Wings moderate, with the second and third quills equal and longest.

sather robust.

the opening exposed, linear, and near the middle.

Tail short and graduated. Tarsi

Toes more or less long and slender, with the inner toe rather shorter than the outer, the

hind toe very slender, and rather short ; the claws moderate, compressed, and acute.

The species which form this genus are found in most parts of the world: they live in the meadows, especially those

that are occasionally subject to inundations, marshy places, and borders of rivers; and as they are shy and solitary, they
conceal themselves among the reeds and tall grass, through which they are capable of running with ease and rapidity.
Worms, insects, molluscous animals and seeds, form their chief subsistence. The nest is generally formed on the
ground in the neighbourhood of water; it is composed of grass and dry herbage, and is usually placed in a slight hollow

made by the bird; the female lays from ten to fourteen eggs.

1. O. crex (Gmel.) Pl. enl. 750. —Crex pratensis Bechst.; Fu- |
lica nevia Gmel., Albin, ii. pl. 73., Gould, B. of Eur. pl. 341.

2. O. carolina (Linn.) Edwards's Birds, pl. 144., Wils. Amer.
Orn. pl. 48. f. 1. — Rallus stolidus et R. melanops Vieill. ? Azara, |
No. 373.

3. O. porzana (Linn.) Pl. enl. 751. — Ortygometra marmorata
Leach, Gould, B. of Eur. pl. 343.

4. O. fluminea (Gould.) Proc, Z. 8. 1842. p. 139.

5. O. maculosa (Vieill.) N. Dict. d’Hist. Nat. xxviii. p. 556.,
Azara, No. 378.

6. O. jamaicensis (Gmel.) Edwards’s Birds, pl. 278., Audub.
B. of Amer. pl. 349.

7. O. palustris (Gould.) Proc. ZS. 1842. p. 139.

8. O affinis G. R. Gray. Voy. Ereb. & Terr. Zool. p. 14.

9. O. pygmea (Naum.) — Gallinula Bailloni Vieil/.; G. Foljambii
Mont. ; G. stellaris T'emm., Gould, B. of Eur. pl. 344.

10. O. minuta (Pall. )—Rallus pusillus Gmel, ; R. parvus Scop. ;
Gallinula minuta Mont., Gould, B. of Eur. pl. 345.; Type of
Phalaridion Kaup (1829) ; R. Peyrousei Vieill. ?

11. O. flaviventer (Bodd.) Pl. enl. 847., Azara, No. 377.—
Rallus minutus Gmel.; R. superciliaris Vieill. ?

12. O. cinerea (Vieill.) N. Dict. d’ Hist. Nat. xxviii. p. 556. —
Rallus exilis Temm. Pl. col. 523.

13. O. albicollis (Vieill.) N. Dict. d’Hist. Nat. xxviii. p. 560. —

| Crex mustelina Licht. Azara, No, 374.

* Linneus established this genus in 1744. Porzana of Vieillot (1816), Zapornia of Leach (1816), Phalaridion of M. Kaup (1829),

and Rallites (1845) of M: Pucheran are synonymous.
5 x

RALLIN &.

14. O. noveboracensis (Gmel.) —Rallus ruficollis Penn., Audub, | 18. O. antaretica (King) Zool. Journ. iv. p. 95.

B. of Amer. pl. 329., Gal. des Ois. t. 266. | 19. O. spilonota (Gould) Voy. Beagle, Zool. p. 131. pl. 49.
15. O. leucosoma (Swains.) Two Cent. and a Quart. p. 348. | 20. O. setosa (King) Zool. Journ. iv. p. 94.
16. O. facialis (Tschudi) Wiegm. Archiv. Naturg. ix. p. 388. | 21. O. notata (Gould) Voy. Beagle, Zool. p. 152. pl. 48.

17. O. femoralis (Tschudi) Wiegm. Archiv. Naturg. ix. p. 388.

ARAMIDES Puch.*

Bill as long or longer than the head, strong, with the culmen elevated at the base, and curved from
the front of the nostrils, and the sides compressed to the tip, which is slightly emarginated ; the gonys
moderate, slightly angulated, and advancing upwards; the nostrils placed ina membranous groove, which
extends beyond the middle of the bill, with the opening linear, and near the fore part of the groove.
Wings moderate and rounded, with the fourth to the seventh quills equal and longest. Tal short and
graduated. Tarsi robust, as long as the middle toe, and covered with transverse scales. Toes rather
robust and long, with the inner toe rather shorter than the outer, the hind toe short, and rather slender ;

the claws short, compressed, and acute.

The species of this genus are natives of the warmer parts of South America. They frequent the thickest parts of
the woods and perch during the night, and sometimes even in the day-time, on the low trees or tufted bushes. The
note of one of the species is so loud and clear as to be heard at the distance of a mile; and it is sometimes interrupted
by sonorous whistling.

1. A. cayennensis (Gmel.) Pl. enl. 352. — Rallus maximus 7. A. plumbeus (Vieill.) N. Dict. d’Hist. Nat. xix. p. 404. —

Vieill. ; R. hydrogallina Less. Gallinula sarracura Spixv, Av. Bras. t. 98., Azara, No. 369. ; Ral-
2. A. ypecaha (Vieill.) N. Dict. d’Hist. Nat. xxviii. p. 568., lus nigricans et R. melanurus Pr. Bonap.

Azara, No. 367. — Crex melampyga Licht. | 8. A. immaculatus (Licht.) Cat. Dupl. Berl. Mus. p. 79.,
3. A. gigas (Spix) Av. Bras. t. 99. Azara, No. 371.

4. A. chiricote (Vieill.) N. Dict. d’Hist. Nat. xxviii. p. 558., 9. A. maculatus (Bodd.) PI. enl. 775. —Rallus variegatus Gmei.
Azara, No. 368. — Gallinula mangle Spia, Av. Bras. t. 97. Azara, No. 370. ; R. nivosus Swains.

5. A. ruficeps (Spix) Av. Bras. t. 96. — Gallinula ruficollis var. | 10. A. sanguinolentus (Swains.) Two Cent. and a Quart. p. 385.
Swains. Zool. Il. pl. 11. A. cesius (Spix) Ay. Bras. t. 95. — Rallus bicolor Cw. ;

6. A. ruficollis (Gmel.). | R. nigricans Pr. Maa.

KEuraseornis Gould.+

Bill as long, or rather longer than the head, and strong, with the culmen curved beyond the nasal
groove, and the sides compressed to the tip, which is slightly emarginated; the gonys short and
ascending; the nostrils lateral, and placed in a membranous nasal groove, with the opening linear and
in the middle. Wings moderate, with the first quill shorter than the second, which is rather shorter
than the third and fourth; these are equal and longest. Tail more or less long and graduated. Tarsi
the length of the middle toe, strong, and covered with transverse scales. Toes long and strong, with the

inner rather shorter than the outer, the hind toe moderate ; the claws long, compressed, and acute.

* Established by M. Pucheran in 1845 (Rev. Zool. 1845. p. 277.).
+ Mr. Gould established this genus in 1844 (Proc. Z. S. 1844. p. 56.).

‘
eS

RALLIN 2.

The species of this genus are found among the reeds and dense herbage that grow in the swamps and in inundated

places in the north-western parts of Australia, the Moluccas, and Abyssinia.

remarkable speed when disturbed.

1. E. castaneoventris Gould, Proc. Z.S8. 1844, p. 59., B. of

Austr. pl.

2. E. celebensis (Quoy et Gaim.) Voy. de 1’Astrol., Zool. i.

p. 250. t. 24. f. 2.

They are extremely shy, and run with

3. E. torquata (Linn.) Briss. Orn, v. t 15. f. 1., Nova Act.
f. 18. t. 19.—Rallus lineatus Cuv.

4. E.? Cuvieri (Puch.) Guer. Iconogr. Cuv. Ois.t. f. .—
Rallus gularis Cuv.

5. E.? abyssinica (Rupp.) Syst. Uebers. Vog. t. 46.

Coreturura Reich.*

Bill shorter than the head, rather slender and straight, with the culmen rather elevated at the base
and curved before the nasal groove, and the sides much compressed to the tip, which is slightly emargi-
nated ; the gonys short and ascending; the nostrils lateral, and placed in a membranous groove with the
opening linear and in the middle. Wings moderate, with the first quill much shorter than the second,

which is also much shorter than the third and fourth ; these are equal and longest. Tal short and rather

graduated.

transverse scales.

Tarsi as long or shorter than the middle toe, rather slender, and the front covered with

Toes lengthened and slender, with the inner shorter than the outer, the hind toe long

and very slender, the claws moderate, weak, and acute.

The species that compose this genus are found in most parts of the world: they frequent sedgy and marshy places,
amidst the low bushes of which they run and hide with great celerity.

1. C. zeylanica (Gmel.) Brown’s Ill. pl. 37.

2. C. fasciata (Raff.) Linn. Trans. xiii. p. 328. — Gallinula
euryzona Temm. PI. col. 417. ; Rallus ruficeps Cuv.; Type of Ral-
lina Reich. 1845.

3. C. rubiginosa (Temm.) PI. col. 357.

4. C. superciliaris (Eyton) Ann. Nat. Hist. 1845. p. 230.
5. C. capensis (Linn.) Brown’s Ill. pl. 38. ? ;
6. C. ruficollis (Swains.) Two Cent. and a Quart. p. 349.

7. C. melanophaia (Vieill.) N. Dict d’Hist. Nat. xxviii. p. 549.,
Azara, No. 375.— Crex lateralis Licht. Griff. An. Kingd. iii.
pl. p. 542.

8. C. albifrons (Swains.) Two Cent. and a Quart. p. 338.

9. C. leucopyrrha (Vieill.) N. Dict. d’Hist. Nat. xxviii. p. 550.,
Azara, No. 375.

10. C. rufescens (Vieill.) N. Dict. d’Hist. Nat. xxviii. p. 565.

11. C. olivacea (Vieill.) N. Dict. d’Hist. Nat. xxviii. p. 561. —
Crex gularis Jard. & Selby, Il. Orn. pl. 39.

12. C. fusea (Linn.) Pl. enl. 773.

13. C. modesta (Swains.) Two Cent. and a Quart. p. 348.

14. C. akool (Sykes) Proc. Z.S. 1832. p. 164.

15. C. cayennensis (Gmel.) Steph. Pl. enl. 368. — Rallus Kiolo
Vieill.; R. castaneus Cuv. Reich. Syn. Av. Icon. Col. t. exxi.
f. 1198, 1199.

16. C. aurita (Gray) Gray, Zool. Misc. p. 13.

* Established by M. Reichenbach in | 84 - ?

17. C. ecaudata (Swains.) Two Cent. and a Quart. p. 348. Pl.
enl. 753. ?

18. C. quadristrigata (Horsf.) Linn, Trans. xiii. p. 196. — Galli-
nula superciliosa Temm.

19. C. mystacina Temm.

20. C. tabuensis (Gmel.) — Rallus minutus Forst. Deser. An.

| p. 178. Icon, ined. 130.; Gallinulaimmaculata Swains.; Crex plum-

bea Gray.

21. C. sandwichensis (Gmel.) Reich. Syn. Av. Icon. Col. t. .
f, 1184, 1185.

22, C. obscura (Gmel. ).

23. C. tahitiensis (Gmel.).

24. C. ferruginea (Gmel.).

25. C. tannensis (Forst.) Desc. An. p. 275. Icon. ined. 131.

26. C. fuscescens (Vieill.) N. Dict. d’Hist. Nat. xxviii. p. 550.

27. C. griseofrons G. R. Gray.

28. C. pulchra (Gray) Griff. An. Kingd. iii. p. 410. pl. p. 542.
— Rallus cinnamomeus Less. ; Gallinula elegans A. Smith, Zool.
S. Afr. Birds, pl. 22.

29. C. ruficollis (Gray) Zool. Misc. p. 13.—Rallus rufus Vieil/. 2
Gallinula Jardini A. Smith, Zool. S. Afr. Birds, pl. 21.

30. C. dimidiata (Temm.) A. Smith, Zool. S. Afr. Birds, pl. 20.

31. C. lineata (Swains.) Two Cent. and a Quart. p. 338.

Rallina of the same author is synonymous.

RALLIN.

Ocypromus Wagl.*

Bill rather long, and very strong, with the culmen slightly curved and the sides much compressed to the
tip, which is slightly emarginated ; the gonys short and ascending ; the nostrils lateral, and placed in the
fore part of a membranous groove, with the opening oval and exposed. Wings very short and rounded,
with the fifth and sixth quills equal and longest; the secondaries and the coverts lengthened and very
soft. Tail more or less lengthened, round and soft. Tarsi robust, shorter than the middle toe and
covered with transverse scales. Toes long and strong, with the inner toe rather shorter than the outer,

the hind toe short, and rather slender, the claws moderate and rather acute.

The typical species is found in New Zealand, where it inhabits the open country near the sea-coast, living on the
ground among the long grass, or in thickets of low bushes, whence it can easily spring on small birds perched on the
branches near the ground. It seems to seek its food during the dusk of the evening or in the moonlight, and that is
considered the best time to hunt for specimens. They feed on shell-fish, worms, and young birds, and run with great
swiftness; they scratch the earth like the domestic fowl, and conceal themselves in holes in the ground at the roots of
trees. At night and in rainy weather they utter a melancholy note. The female lays from three to five eggs, and the
young are protected and fed by the parent until they are nearly full grown.

1. O. australis (Sparrm.) Strickl. Mus. Carls. t. 14. — Rallus 3. O. brachypterus (Lafr.) Rev. Zool. 1841. p. 243. Mag. de
troglodytes orst. Desc. Anim. p. 110., Icon. ined. 126., Ellis, | Zool. 1842. Ois. t. 24.—Type of Gallirallus Lafr. (1841).

Icon. ined. 70. |
2. O.? Dieffenbachii G. R. Gray, Dieff. Trav. N. Z. App. p- 197., |
Voy. Ereb. & Terr. Birds, ay 116). |

* Established by Wagler in 1830 (System der Amphibien, p. 98.). Gallirallus of Baron de Lafresnaye (1841) is synonymous.

November, 1846.

/

a

“Vs ir 14
eo A
Se" as

Ph fy

ae C wi ate A oa
§
a

hi ik a) | ot
Se ay eT a... - a
a pe he

PVAD VY SUOLOISIAD
PYULAFTWOIALYO

2k

MCZ LIBRARY
HARVARD UNIVERSITY

CAMBRIDGE. MA USA

WCESX

ORNIS torgquata

eo

— EE SS

-_——-

—_—=-

16]

Ses hazaseu

3
ES
[oa
1

2D UNIV
E. MA

t

MCZ LIBRARY
HARVA!

CAMBRIDG

Order VII. GRALLZ. Family V. Ratiipz.

The second Subfamily,
GALLINULIN A, or Gatuwutes,

have the Bill short, with the culmen more or less elevated, and advanemg on the forehead, and the sides
compressed ; the Wings short and rounded; the Tail short and rounded; the Tarsi long and slender ;
the Toes very long, slender, and more or less margined on their sides, and the hind toe long; the Claws

generally long, and slightly curved.

Porruyrio Briss.*

Bill short, very much elevated at the base, which is flat and broadly dilated on the forehead ; the
culmen much arched to the tip; and the sides much compressed; the nostrils placed in a small nasal

groove and rounded. Wings moderate, with the second, third, and fourth quills nearly equal and

longest. Tail short and rounded. Tarsi long, shorter than the middle toe, and scutellated with broad

tranverse scales. Toes very long, slender, and free at their base, with the lateral ones unequal, the outer

longest; the claws long, slender, and somewhat curved.

These richly coloured birds are inhabitants of the warmer and temperate climates, where they live in pairs or in
small flocks on the borders of the lakes, rivers, and the inundated fields. They seem to prefer the land more than the
water, walk about with a stately air, run with quickness and lightness, and are capable, from the length of their toes; of
walking on the plants that float on the surface of the water, searching for their food. They are said to hold their food
in the manner of parrots. Their food consists of fruits, seeds, and roots of aquatic plants, and of small fish. The nest
is usually placed on the borders of rivers, and in the marshes, concealed by the high reeds and rushes: it is constructed
with stalks of grasses and decayed vegetables; and the female lays from three to four eggs.

1. P. veterum Gmel. Itin. iii. t. 12., Edwards’s Birds, pl. 87. —
Fulica Porphyrio Pail. ; Porphyrio hyacinthinus Temm.; P. an-
tiquorum Pr. Bonap. Gould’s B.of Eur. pl. 340.; Fulica cerulea
Vandelli. ?

2, P. indicus Horsf. Linn. Trans. xiii. 194. — Porphyrio sma-
ragdinus Temm. PI. col. 421.

3. P. poliocephalus (Lath.) — Porphyrio pulverulentus Temm.
Pl. col. 405.

4, P. madagascariensis (Lath.) — Porphyrio smaragnotus Temm.
PI. enl. 810.; Porphyrio chlorynotus Vieidl.

5. P. melanotus Temm.—Porphyrio cyanocephalus Vieill. ; Fulica
alba Lath. Phillip’s Bot. Bay, pl. p. 273., White’s Journ. pl. p. 238.

6. P. bellus Gould, Proc. Z. S. 1840. p. 176., B. of Austr. pl.

7. P. Alleni (Thom.) Ann, & Mag. of Nat. Hist.

8. P. martinica (Linn.) Temm. Jacq. Vég. t. 3. — Porphyrio
Tayoua Vieill. Gal. des Ois. t. 267., Wils. Amer. Orn. pl. 73. f. 2.,
Audub. B. of Amer. pl. 305. ; P. cyanocollis Vieill. Azara No. 383.

9. P. eyanoleucus Vieill. N. Dict. d’Hist. Nat. xxviii. p. 27.,
Azara No. 381.

10. P. parvus (Bodd.) Pl. enl. 897. — Fulica flavirostris Gmel. ;
Porphyrio simplex Gould? ; P. cayanus Less.

11. P. cinereus Vieill. N. Dict. d’Hist. Nat. xxviii. 29.

12. P. calwus Vieill. N. Dict. d’Hist. Nat. xxviii. p. 28.

13.? P. maderaspatanus (Gmel.) Briss. Ray’s Syn. t. 1. f. 4,

14. ? P. melanocephalus (Gmel.) Briss.

15.? P. purpureus (Gmel.) Vieill.

16.? P. viridis (Gmel.) Briss.

17. P. mexicanus (Gmel.) Vieill.

* Established by Brisson (Ornithologie) in 1760.

GALLINULIN 2.

Triponyx Dubus.*

Bill shorter than the head ; the culmen elevated, slightly advancing on the forehead, gradually
sloping and arched to the tip, with the sides compressed; the nostrils placed in a nasal groove, with the
opening near the middle of the bill. Wings very short, tuberculated, with the fourth, fifth, and sixth
quills nearly equal and longest. Tai short and rounded. Tars? longer than the middle toe, and
covered with transverse scales. Toes moderate, strong, the outer longer than the inner, and all covered
with strong scales ; the claws moderate and curved.

The species of this genus are peculiar to Australia. According to Mr. Gould these birds are excessively shy, and are
rarely observed, except on the ground. The nest occurs in sedge, and the eggs are usually six in number.

1. T. Mortieri Dubus, Bull. Acad. Sc. Brux. vii. 215. t.— | 2. T. ventralis (Gould), Proc, Z. S. 1836. 85.
Brachyptrallus ralloides Lafr.

GaLLiInuLa Briss.+

Bill moderate, with the base of the culmen more or less extending on the forehead, and suddenly
curved at the tip; the nostrils placed in a large nasal groove, with the opening near the middle of the
bill. Wings moderate, with the second, third, and fourth quills nearly equal and longest. Tail short
and rounded. Jars? strong, shorter than the middle toe, and broadly scutellated in front. Toes very
long, divided at the base, margined throughout their length by a membrane, and the outer longer than

the inner.

The species of this genus are found in various parts of the world. They are mostly observed in the evening or early
twilight on the borders of rivers, lakes, and brooks, especially where the current is slow and deep, and the stream is
bordered with reeds and sedges, among which they retire during the day. These birds seem to prefer the water,
swimming with ease in a singular flirting manner, continually striking the water with their tails: when approached and
alarmed, they have recourse to diving, which they perform with ease, using their wings as fins; or they take wing,
skimming along the surface to the first cover that is visible, where they remain concealed. On the land, these birds
walk about with facility, flirting up their tails at intervals; and are capable, by the compressed form of their bodies, of
running swiftly through covert and entangled herbage, and even of passing through very narrow openings. From the
length of their toes, they can move over considerable spaces of still water, on the yielding surface of the aquatic foliage.
Their food consists of slugs, worms, and insects, with various grains, &c. Their nest is usually formed in a retired
spot, among the reeds on the side of water. It is a thick mass of interlaced decayed flags, rushes, &c., in which the
female deposits from eight to ten eggs. The young take to the water as soon as they are hatched, and are attentively
watched by their parents.

1. G. chloropus (Linn.) Lath. Pl. enl. 877. — Fulica fusea Linn. 6. G. cristata Lath. — Fulica cinerea Gmel. ; Gallinula gularis et
Gould’s B. of Eur. pl. 342. ; G. parvifrons Blyth ; G. chloropus |. G. lugubris Horsf:
var. indicus Blyth. 7.2 G. nevia Less. Tr. dOrn. 534.
2. G. orientalis Horsf. Linn, Trans. xiii. 195. — Gallinula plum- 8. G. galeata Pr. Max. Beitr. iv. 808., Pr. Bonap. Am. Orn, pl.
bea Vieill. ; G. ardosiacea Vieill. Gal. des Ois. t. 268. 27. f. 1. —Gallinula chloropus & G. americanus Pr. Bonap., Audub.
3. G. leucomelana Mull. & Sch. Verh, Nat. Gesch. Nederl. p. 158. | B. of Amer. pl. 244.
4. G. olivacea Meyen, Nova Act. &c. 1834. 109. t. 20. 9. G. erassirostris (Gray), Griff. An. Kingd. iii. p. 542. pl.
5. G. phenicura (Penn.) Ind. Zool. 19. pl. 9., Pl. enl. 896. — 10. G. pileata Pr. Max. Beitr. iv. 802.
Gallinulajavanica Horsf. ; G. erythrina Bechst. ; Fulicachinensis Bodd. 11.? G. porphyrioides Less. Tr. d’Orn, 534,

* Established by Chey. Dubus (Bull. Acad. Brux. vii. 215.) in 1837 ; and Brachyptrallus of Baron La Fresnaye (1840) is coequal.
+ Established by Brisson (Ornithologie) in 1760. In 1800 or 1801, Lacépede used Hydrogallina ; while, in 1831, M. Brehm employed
Stagnicola for the same set of birds.
H H

GALLINULIN X.

Furica Linn.*

Bill shorter than the head, strong, straight, more elevated than broad, with the culmen straight,
advancing on the forehead, forming a broad shield, and curved near the tip ; the nostrils placed in a
nasal groove, linear, and near the middle of the bill. Wings short, with the second and third quills the
longest. Tail very short, and rounded. Tavs? moderate, shorter than the middle toe, and covered with
transverse scales. Toes long, and united at their base, lobated on their sides, especially on the inner ;
the inner toe with two, the middle with three, and the outer with four decided rounded membranes ; the
hind toe long, and lobated in its entire length.

These birds are scattered generally throughout the world ; those of the northern parts migrating to the more genial
climates on the approach of winter, and returning in spring. They are usually observed on ponds, rivers, and salt-
water inlets, that are margined with reeds and thick sedges, amongst which they hide on the approach of the least
danger, and remain concealed as long as the disturber continues in sight. It is generally during the evening and
twilight that these birds are observed swimming with buoyancy and ease; and they are capable of diving with facility,
both as a means of escape from the shots of the sportsman, and to collect some portion of their food. When on the
ground, they walk with comparative ease, and even run quickly. Their food consists of small fish, insects, mollusca,
and aquatic plants; but they sometimes seek on the land for worms, slugs, seeds, &c., which they pick up among the
herbage during the morning and evening. They take wing either from the land or the surface of the water with
difficulty, spreading their wings, and then fluttering and striking rapidly with their feet along the surface to aid them
in their escape: when once raised they are able to fly at a considerable elevation with ease and rapidity, but with a
great deal of motion in their wings. They form their nests among the reeds and rank grass on the water’s edge; it is
composed of a large mass of decomposed vegetable matter, sometimes to the thickness of six to twelve inches above the
water, and sometimes extending in depth to one and a half or two feet. This mass is sometimes displaced by floods,
when it floats on the surface of the water, without injury to the eggs, or preventing the female from hatching them.
The eggs are generally from seven to ten in number; and the young take to the water as soon as hatched, where they
are attended and protected by the parents till able to provide for themselves.

1. F. atra Linn. Pl. enl. 197., Gould’s B. of Eur. pl. 338.— 5. F. leucoptera Vieill. N. Dict. d’Hist. Nat. xii. 48., Azara 447.
Fulica aterrima Linn.; F. ethiops Spary. Mus. Carls. t. 13.5; F. 6. F. armillata Vieill. N. Dict. d’ Hist. Nat. xii. 47., Azara 448.
pullata Pall.; F. atrata Pall, Briss. Orn. t. 2. f. 2.; F. leucoryx 7. F. americana Gmel. Audub. B. of Amer. pl. 239., Am. Orn.

Sparr. Mus. Carls. t. 12. pl. 73. f. 1. — Fulica Wilsoni Steph.
2. F. cristata Gmel. Pl. enl. 797., Vieill. Gal. des Ois. t. 269. 8. F. leucopyga Wagl. Isis, 1831. 516.
3. F. chloropoides King, Zool. Journ. iv. 95. g. F. ardesiaca Tschudi, Wiegm. Arch. 1831. p. 389.
4. F. gallinuloides King, Zool. Journ. iv, 95. | 10. F. gigantea Eyd. et Souley. Voy. de la Bonite, p. 102. t. 8.

* Established by Linneus (Systema Nature) in 1735.
My y

February, 1845.

‘Saree &
6 ~ mt

7 4

S Tapuemyyn

UOSUIYT UME
OTHA HAL Od

MCZ LIBRARY -_-
; {ARVARD UNIVERSITY.
> , AMBRIDGE. MA USA.

— i » — — =

]

|
oN

=
=~

So

ae ee
PLO

ie SSG
[>
~ /

ke

-Hullmandel's Patent luathonnt
|. TRIBONYX Mortieri. 2. PORPHYRIO melanotus 3

FULICA attra. 4. GALLINULA chloropus
9. HELIORNIS Surmamensis 6. PODECA Senegalensis.

ie

tN u

a se i ey eee

Order VIII. ANSERES Linn.*

This division embraces many species of birds, which are peculiar for having their ‘Tarsi usually very
short, compressed, and placed more posteriorly than is the case with those that compose the other
orders; the Toes are connected together by a membrane, which sometimes extends to the end of
each toe; the hind toe is sometimes free, though more or less webbed, and thus their feet are well
adapted to assist them in their progress on or in the water.

The first Family,
ANATID2&, or Ducks,

have the Bill generally depressed, broad, and always laminated on the sides; the lamination being more

prominent in some species than in others.

The first Subfamily,
PHOENICOPTERIN &, or Fiamincors,

have the Bill large, compressed, suddenly bent downwards in the middle, and the lateral margins
laminated; the Tarsi very long, slender, with the Tibia also lengthened and naked; the Toes short, the

anterior ones united by a membranous web.

Puanicoprerus Linn.

Bill larger than the head, higher than broad at the base, with the culmen flattened and suddenly bent
downwards in the middle, and the sides narrowing and rather obtuse at the tip; the lower mandible
narrow at the base, and widening at the middle, then narrowing to the tip; the lateral margins curved,
and finely laminated; the nostrils placed ina groove, linear, and covered by a membrane. Wings
moderate, with the first and second quills nearly equal and longest. Tail short. Tavs very long,
slender, slightly compressed, and covered in front with transverse scales; the tibia lengthened and
exposed. oes short, the anterior ones united together by a membrane; the hind toe free, very short,

and almost touching the ground: the claws short.

* The Palmipedes of Latham, and the Natatores of Illiger.
{ Established by Linneus in 1748.

PHGENICOPTERIN X.

These remarkable birds are found in the warmer parts of the world. They are usually observed on the sea shore

or in the salt-marshes in flocks of many individuals, one of which generally acts as sentinel, while the others are feeding
or resting. At the slightest danger it gives warning by a loud trumpet-like noise, and then starts off and takes the
lead in their flight. When flying, they form two lines springing from one bird, which gives the appearance of a
triangle, but they alight in astraight line, and generally remain so even while seeking their food. They are capable of
running quickly, but, when walking, assist themselves by placing their upper mandible on the ground. Shell-fish, the
spawn of fish, and marine insects form their food, which they secure by means of their long bill, turning it towards
themselves, and thus it is placed upside down to take advantage of its peculiar form. The nest is placed on a hillock,

which the female forms of mud to the height of a foot and a half, having the top truncated and concave, whereon are
deposited two or three eggs; these are hatched by the bird crouching over them.

P. antiquorum Temm. PI. enl. 63., Gould, B. of Eur, pl. 287. 4, P. ignipalliatus 1. Geoffr.& D’Orb. Mag. de Zool. 1833. Ois.
P. ruber Linn, Wils. Amer, Orn. pl. 66. f. 4., Lath. Gen, Syn, | t. 2. — Pheenicopterus chilensis Peppig.

pl. 93., Catesby’s Car. pl. 73. 74, Audub. B. of Amer. pl. 416. 5. P. parvus Vieill. Anal. d’Ornith, Gal, des Ois. t. 273. —- Phee-
8. P. chilensis Mol. Chili, p. 214,

nicopterus minor Geoff. Pl. enl. 419.

J's
9
ae

September, 18 16.

or

JPISLOH I WC OIP WI IRION AS, . Clo

C Hullmandel’s Patent Lithotint

PHENICOPTERUS
cgrapaliualus. J Geoff’ cD Orb

Wolf del et lith

WG WGN LUN 2 .

1.CYGNUS minor. 2. PHAR NICOPTERUS antiquorum.

Itoroy

way AfniekA eis

Prmted by Hulimandel & Walt

on

~~ MCZ LIBRARY
HARVARD UNIVERSITY
CAMBRIDGE. MA USA

Order VIII. ANSERES. Family I. ANATIDm.

The second Subfamily,
PLECTROPTERIN &, or Spur-wincrep GEEsE,

have the Bill long, generally of equal width throughout, and armed at the tip with a strong broad nail;
the apical part of the tibia and knee naked; the Tarsi lengthened, compressed, and covered with
small subquadrate scales ; the Toes moderate, and the anterior ones more or less united by a membrane;

the hind toe long, simple, and generally elevated.

AwnseraNnas Less.*

Bill long, broader at the base than towards the tip, the base more elevated than broad; the culmen
gradually sloping, the bill covered with a warty skin, which extends round the eyes to a point on the
forehead, leaving only the large broad strong nail at the tip naked; the nostrils placed near the
middle and culmen, membranous, and having the opening small. Wings long, with the third and fourth
quills equal and longest. Tail long and rounded. Tarsi lengthened, as long as the middle toe without
the claw, covered with small nearly rounded scales. Toes lengthened, slender, with the three anterior
ones united by a web only at the base, and the sides margined; the hind toe long and hardly
elevated above the plane of the other toes; the claws long, compressed, and acute.

The type is peculiar to Australia, and utters a shrill whistling note.

A. melanoleuca (Lath.) Lamb. Icon. ined. iii. 7., Cuv. Mém. du | semipalmata Lath. Gen. Syn. Suppl. ii. pl. 139., Lamb. Icon ined.
Mus. xi. cah. t. 19., Less. Compl. du Buff. Ois. t. 49. f. 1. — Anas | i. 74.

Prectroprerus Leach.+

Bill lengthened, the base as broad as high, and the culmen gradually sloping to the tip, which is armed
with a large broad nail; the nostrils oval, and placed near the middle and culmen. Wings lengthened,
with the second, third, and fourth quills equal and longest, and the bend of the wings armed with a
strong spur. Tail short and rounded. Tarsi long, a trifle shorter than the middle toe, strong, and
covered with small quadrate scales, those of the front the largest. Toes long, the anterior ones united
by an indented web; the hind toe elevated and simple. The base of the culmen furnished with a naked

protuberance ; the cheeks and a portion of the neck of the adult denuded of feathers.
The single species of this genus is only found in Africa ; especially in the western and southern parts.

P. gambensis (Linn.) Steph. Lath. Syn. vi. pl. 102., Mag. de Zool. 1834. Ois. t. 29, 30. — Anser spinosus Bonn.

* Established by M. Lesson in 1828 (Man. d’ Ornith. ii. p. 418.). It is coequal with Choristopus of Mr. Eyton in 1838.
+ Mr. Stephens (Gen. Zool. xii. p. 6.) adopted this name, in 1824, from the MS. of the late Dr. Leach.

PLECTROPTERIN At.

SarkrprorNis Lylon.*

Bill moderate, of equal width throughout, more elevated at the base than broad, and the tip armed
with a broad strong nail; the nostrils large, oval, placed near the middle and culmen. Wings lengthened,
with the first and second quills nearly equal and longest; each shoulder armed with a blunt tubercle.
Tail moderate and rounded. Tarsi moderate, as long as the middle toe without the claw, and covered
with subquadrate scales. Toes long, the anterior ones united by a full web; the hind toe moderate,
much elevated, and simple. The male furnished with a large rounded compressed caruncle on the top

of the culmen.

The birds of this division are inhabitants of the warmer parts of America, and are also found in India and Western
and Southern Africa. The Indian species is generally met with in pairs, and feeds on the seeds of aquatic grasses and
other kinds of plants. The female is of less size than the male, has the metallic reflections much less brilliant, and is
also destitute of the compressed upright caruncle on the culmen.

1. S. regia (Mol.) Eyton.— Anser melanonotos Penn Ind. 2. 8. africana Eyton, Monogr. Anat. p. 103.
Zool. p. 21. pl. 11., Pl. enl. 937., Vieill. Gal. des Ois. t. 285. ; Anas 3. 2S. sibilatrix Poepp. Bull. Sci. Nat. xix. 103.
tricolor Bodd.

CuHENALOPEX Sfeph.t

Bill rather short, strong, with the base much elevated, and the culmen gradually sloping to the tip,
which is armed with a broad strong nail ; the nostrils large, rather rounded, and placed near the middle
and culmen. Wings long, with the second and third quills nearly equal and longest ; the bend of the
wings armed with a blunt spur. Tail moderate and slightly rounded. Tarsz longer than the middle
toe, and covered with subquadrate scales. Toes moderate, the anterior ones united by a full web ; the

hind toe long, elevated, and slightly lobed.

Most parts of Africa, and the tropical portions of America, are the localities of the birds that constitute the species
of this genus.

1. C. egyptiacus (Linn.) Steph. PI. enl. 379.—Anser varius | 3. C. montanus (Gmel.).
Schn. 4. C. jubatus (Spix), Wagl. Spix, Av. Bras. t. 108. — Anser
2. C. africanus (Bonn.) Pl. enl. 982, 983. polycomos Less. ?

* The above name was established in 1838 (Monogr. Anatide, p. 20.) by Mr. Eyton.
+ It was in 1824 that Mr. Stephens established the above name (Gen. Zool. xii. p. 42.).

April, 1845.

YHIdIOT!

C-Hullmandels Parent Lithonnt

)

aCit

ANSERANAS melanoleuca. 2.PLECTROPTERUS gambensis. 3. SARKIDIORNIS regia. 4. CHRNALOPEX egyptia

RY ce.
RSITY

MCZ LIBRA
HARVARD UNIVE

*

<
w
=!
—<
=
Gi
o
a
[4
oO
=
x
Oo

Order VII. ANSERES. . Family I. AnatTipz.

The third Subfamily,

ANSERIN A, or GEEseE,

have the Bill as long as, or shorter than, the head, the culmen much elevated at the base and gradually
sloping to the tip, which is armed with a large broad nail, the sides compressed, and the marginal lamine
more or less apparent; the Wings lengthened ; the Tarsi longer than the middle toe, and the knee
naked ; the Toes short, and strongly webbed, with the hind toe short, elevated, and scarcely lobed.

Cerereopsis Lath.*

Bill very short, with the base elevated, and the culmen arched for three fourths of its length, and
then depressed to the tip, which is protected by a large and broad nail; the nostrils very large, rounded,
and pierced in the cere, which covers the basal portion of the bill to near the nail. Wangs rather long,
with the first quill short. Tarsz longer than the middle toe. Toes short, and united by an indented

web; the hind toe short and not lobed.

The type of this genus is peculiar to the continent of Australia, where it is never seen on water, but wanders
about the grassy declivities and the shores, in search of grass, on which it principally feeds.

1. C. nove hollandie Lath. Pl. col. 206., Jard. & Selby’s Ill. Orn. n. s. pl. 33. — Cereopsis cinereus Cuv. ; C. australis Swains. ; Anser
griseus Vieill.

Anser Barr.t

Bill more or less lengthened, elevated at the base ; the culmen sloping to the tip, which is furnished
with a large broad nail; the sides compressed, the lateral margins of both mandibles strong, and armed
with very strong and widely set tooth-like lamine ; the margins of the upper mandible arched and
angulated at the base; the nostrils large, with the opening in the middle of the bill, and longitudinal.
Wings long, and the first and second quills the longest. Taz! short and rounded. Tarsi as long as the
middle toe, and covered with reticulated scales. Joes long, and united by an indented web, the lateral

ones unequal ; and the claws short and curved.

These birds seek the higher latitudes during the summer months ; and as the winter appears they return to the warmer
portions of Europe, Asia, and America. They are mostly seen in the meadows and marshes of the interior, where they
seek their food of grass and grain. On the land they walk with facility, and are very buoyant and graceful on the

* Established by Latham (1801), in his Index Ornithologicus, Suppl. lxvii.
+ Established by Barrére (1745), in his Ornith. Sp. nov. p. 16. ; and it embraces Chen of M. Boie (1822), and Cygnopsis of M. Brandt
(1836).

ANSERIN JE:

surface of the water, on which they generally rest during the night; when fearful of danger they can plunge beneath
its surface for some distance. They possess great power and rapidity of flight ; and on their migration they mostly move
in two lines, meeting in a point anteriorly. The nest is composed of vegetable matter, and placed among rushes in
marshy places; the female lays several eggs.

1. A. ferus Gesn. Naum. Vogel, t. 41. f. 60., Gould’s B. of Eur. 6. A. brachyrhynchus Baill. Mémoires de Soc. d’Emulation
pl. 847. — Anas Anser Linn. ; Anser cinereus Meyer ; Anser vul- | d’Abbeville, 1833, Yarr. British Birds, pl. p. 64, — Anser phoe-
garis Pall. ; Anser palustris F’/em. nicopus Bartlett; Anser brevirostris Thienem.; Anser rufescens

2. A.segetum (Gmel.) Mey. Pl. enl. 985. — Anser sylvestris Briss. | Brehm. ?

3. A. erythropus (Linn.) Flem, Edward’s Birds, pl. 153. — Anas 7. A. hyperboreus ( Pall.) Edwards’s Birds, pl. 152., Wils. Amer.
albifrons Gmel.; Anas Casarea S. G. Gmel. Orn. pl. 68. f. 5. & pl. 69. f. 5., Pall. Zoogr. t. 65. — Anser niveus

4. A. Bruchi Brehm.— Anas albifrons Fab.; Anas medius | Briss. ; Anas cerulescens Linn. ; A. nivalis Forst. ; Type of Chen
Temm. ; Anas intermedius Naum. Vog. t. 288. Boie (1822).

5. A. brevirostris (Bon.) Heck.— Anas cinerascens Brehm ; Anas 8. A. cygnoides (Linn.) Pl. enl. 347., Pall. Zoogr. t. 64. ? —
minutus Naum. Vég. t. 290. Anser guineensis Briss. ; Type of Cygnopsis Brandt (1836).

Bernicia Steph.*

Bill shorter than the head ; the culmen elevated at the base, and gradually sloping towards the tip,
which is armed with a large broad nail; the lateral margins membranous, widening posteriorly, and
furnished interiorly with lamell that are not exposed, but short and widely set; the nostrils large, with
the opening linear, longitudinal, and placed in the middle of the bill. Wings long and pointed, with
the first and second quills, and sometimes the second only, the longest. Tail short and rounded. Tarsi
shorter than the middle toe, and covered with small scales. Toes short, and united by an indented web,

and the lateral ones unequal; the hind toe very short, slightly elevated, and simple.

These birds migrate from the high northern latitudes of Europe, Asia, and America, where they have passed the
summer, to the more genial parts for the winter months; some are peculiar to the southern portions of South America,
to the Falkland Isles, the Sandwich Islands, and Chili. They usually frequent the marshy grounds that are occa-
sionally overflowed by the high tides, and the coasts and rocks, on which they can find the marine grasses and alge
upon which they feed. Some species are never seen near the sea or even near fresh water, but entirely wander about
the interior in pairs or small flocks, living on grasses, berries’ &c. The nest is composed of vegetable matter, wherein
the female lays from ten to twelve eggs.

1. B. Brenta (Pall.) Steph. Pl. enl. 342., Wils. Amer. Orn. | Brandt’s Desc. et Icones &c. Faun. Ross. 1. t. — Anser pictus Pall.

pl. 72. f. 1. — Anas Bernicla Linn. ; A. torquata Belon. Zoogr. 11. 233. t. 67.
2. B. leucopsis (Bechst.) Steph. Pl. enl. 855. — Anas erythropus 8. B. ruficollis (Pall.) Steph. Pall. Spic. vi. t. 4., Pall. Zoogr.
Gmel.; Anser Bernicla Pall. t. 67. — Anas torquata Gmel.
3. B. jubata (Lath.) Steph. 9. B. magellanica (Gmel.) Pl. enl. 1006.—Anas picta Gmel.
4. B. antarctica (Gmel.) Steph. Voy. de la Coqu. Ois. t. 50— | Forst. Desc. Anim. p. 333. et Icon. ined. 65.; An. leucoptera

Anas magellanica Sparr. Mus. Carls. f. 37. ; A. Ganta Forst. Desc. | Gmel. Brown, Illustr. Zool. pl. 40.; Type of Chloephaga Eyton

Anim. p. 336. et Icon. ined. 66.; A. hybrida Mol.; Anser can- | (1838).

didus Vieill. ; Anas chionis Tllig. | 10. B. sandwichensis (Vigors), Proc. Z. S. 1834, Jard. & Selby’s
5. B. melanoptera (Eyton), Voy. of Beagle, Birds, pl. 50. Il. Orn. n. s. pl. 8. — Anser hawaiiensis Hyd. & Souley. Voy. de la
6. B. inornata (King), Proc. Z. 8. 1830. 15.— Anas cana Gmel.? | Bonite, Ois. t. 10.

Brown’s Ill. Zool. pl. 41, 42.? 11. B. anticola (Tschudi) — Anser montana Tschudi, Wiegm.
7. B. canagica (Sewast.) Nov. Act. Petrop. xiii. p. 346. t.10., | Arch. 1843. 1. 390.

* Established by Mr. Stephens in (Gen. Zool. xii. pt. 2. p. 45.) 1824; and it embraces Chloephaga (1838) of Mr. Eyton,

a

ANSERIN 4.

12. B. canadensis (Linn.) Pl. enl. 346., Wils. Amer. Orn. pl. 67. 14. B. Hutchinsii (Richards. & Swains.) Faun. Bor. Amer. 70.
f. 4: 15. B. indica (Gmel.) Gould Cent. of Birds, pl. 80. — Anser
13. B. leucopareia Brandt, Desc. et Icones Faun. Ross. 1. t.— | undulatus Bonn.
Anser canadensis Pall. 16. B. ? grandis (Gmel.).

Nerrapus Brandt.*

Bill small, more elevated at the base than broad, the culmen gradually sloping to the tip, which is
armed with a large nail; the lamelle not exposed, but short and widely set ; the nostrils somewhat
basal, placed near the culmen, with the opening rounded. Wings moderate, pointed, and the first two
quills the longest. Taz! short and rounded. Tarsi shorter than the middle toe. Toes long and
united by a full web, the lateral ones unequal, and the hind toe very short and more or less lobed ; the

claws short and curved.

The species of this genus are found in the continental part of India, in Australia, and Africa, where they inhabit the
lakes, estuaries, and rivers. “ It is remarkable,” Mr. Blyth observes, “ that the Indian species seems totally incapable
of standing or walking upon the ground, but invariably flutters along it in a strange scuftling manner, like a wounded
bird. They always descend into the water, never alighting on the ground of their own accord.” Col. Sykes remarks:
«* These birds when wounded dive, and, on returning to the surface, show only the bill above water, keeping the body
below at pleasure.” He further says that vegetable matter and gravel were found in the stomach. The nest of the
Australian species is described by Mr. Gould as being “ built up in the grass, about a foot above the surface of the
water, the bottom of the nest resting on its surface; it was composed of long dried grasses, slightly hollowed for the
reception of the eggs,” which are six in number.

1. N. coromandelianus (Gmel.) Gould, Pl. enl. 949, 950. — 2. N. pulchellus Gould, Proc. Z. S. 1841. 89., B. of Austr. pl.
Bernicla Girra Gray, Ill. Ind. Zool. pl. 68.; N. affinis Jerd.; N. 3. N. auritus (Bodd.) Pl. enl. 770.— Anas madagascariensis
albipennis Gould, B. of Austr. pl. Gmel.

* Established by M. Brandt (Desc. et Icon. Xe.) in 1836. In 1838, Mr. Eyton adopted the manuscript name of Cheniscus from
Brookes. Mr. Swainson’s name of Anserella (1837) is supposed to be founded on a species of this genus, for which I had in 1840 proposed
the name of Microcygna.

November, 1844.

é r if suet wus
iF Y ‘iit tet iw

P

is:
i
4 ne

PTIDINGAT

pagum RRA oayi te ihics dias

MCZ LIBRARY >
HARVARD UNIVERSITY —§ ~
CAMBRIDGE. MAUSA — —

SI) Sao
ae Wile Su fe

Jf
—1<

bi

ii

AL

SEOs

IEE

LT]

iil

WVMSv
IAA ph II

\
4\
CON

JBRARY.

C7.

M C

j
»)
=

MA USA

Order VIII. ANSERES. Family I]. Anatipaz.

The fourth Subfamily,

CYGNINZ, or Swans,

have the Bill nearly the length of the head, higher at the base than broad, and covered with a soft Cere,
which in most extends to each eye, the breadth of the bill uniform throughout; the Tarsi moderate, and
the Toes lengthened, with the anterior ones united by a full web; the hind Toe short, and not margined

with a membranous lobe; the neck very long.

Cyenus Linn.*

Bill nearly the length of the head, of equal breadth throughout, and much higher than broad at the
base, which is covered with a soft fleshy cere that extends in a point to the eye on each side ; the apical
portion depressed, and armed at the tip with a large nail; the nostrils more or less in the middle of the
bill, rather oblique and oval. Wangs moderate, with the second and third quills equal and longest. Tail
short and rounded. Tarsi a little shorter than the middle toe, and compressed. Toes lengthened, the

anterior ones united by a full web, and the hind toe short, and without any marginal lobe.

These graceful birds are principally distributed in the northern latitudes of Europe, Asia, and America. They
appear, however, in the more genial portions of these three continents during extreme winters, and there are species
peculiar to the southern parts of South America. They live on the lakes and rivers, in small parties of from five to
thirty individuals. Various parts of aquatic plants form their chief food ; in seeking for which they have the power of
submerging their heads for some depth below the surface of the water, where they can retain them for a considerable
time. Their nest is formed of a heap of dry vegetable matter; and the female lays from five to seven eggs.

1. C. Olor (Gmel.) Illiger, Pl. enl. 913.— Cygnus sibilus Pal. ; | 6. C. americanus Sharpless, Audub. Birds of Amer. pl. 406.
Cygnus gibbus Bechst.; Cygnus mansuetus Ray. —Cygnus Bewickii Sw. Faun. Bor. Amer. 465. ; C. musicus Pr,

2. C. immutabilis Yarr. Brit. Birds, iii. p. 131. fig. of head. Bonap.

3. C. nigricollis (Gmel.) Steph. Griff. An. Kingd. Birds, pl. — | 7. C. bueeinator Rich, Faun. Bor. Amer. 464., Audub. Birds of
Anas melanocorypha Molin. ; Anas melanocephala Gmel. | Amer. pl. 376.

4. C. ferus Ray. — Anas Cygnus Linn. ; Cygnus Olor Pail. ; 8. C. coscoroba (Mol.) Molina Chili, p. 213. — Cygnus anatoides
Cygnus melanorhynchus Meyer; Cygnus xanthorhinus Nawm.; | King ; Anas chionis Iiliger.
Cygnus musicus Bechst. ; Type of Olor Wagl. (1832). g. C. atrata (Lath.) Vieill. Gal. des Ois. t. 286. — Anas plutonia
5. C. minor Pall. Jard. & Selby’s Ill. Orn, pl. 95.— Cygnus | Shaw, Nat. Misc. pl. 108.; Anser Nove Hollandie Bonn. Labill.
Bewickii Yarrell; Cygnus musicus Fab.? Cygnus islandicus | Voy. t. 9. ; Type of Chenopis Wag/. (1832).
Brehm ; Cygnus melanorhinus Nawm.

* Linneus used this name in his Systema Nature, of 1735. The genus includes Olor and Chenopis Wagler, Isis (1832).

October, 1844.

(DO) BQ IL09809
SAN DA DP

PURO] TUE STPTEMTTND

Bie ED

Gece

ARY
iVERSITY
usA

Ni
RIDGE. MA

RD U
dD
nm

re
ee
sa
N
O
=

<2
— mn
oA

Rn
a?
f

HA‘
CAN

Order VIII. ANSERES. Family I. Anatipz.

The fifth Subfamily,

ANATIN&, or River Ducks,

have the Bill lengthened, more or less broad, depressed towards the tip, which is furnished with a
hard nail, and the inner portion of the lateral margins more or less lamellated ; the Tarsi compressed,
and generally the length of the inner toe; the hind Toe lengthened, and slightly bordered with a

membranous lobe from the base to the tip.

DenprROCYGNA Swains.*

Bill long, higher at the base than broad, with the culmen sloping to the tip, which is armed with a
strong broad nail, and the lateral margins straight ; the lamelle of the upper mandible advancing below
the lateral margins, slender, and set widely apart ; the nostrils large, oval, and placed near the base
and culmen. Wings short and rounded, with the second, third, and fourth quills the longest ; the first
quill with a deep notch in the middle, and the secondaries nearly as long as the quills. Taz! moderate,
and rounded atits end. ars? slightly shorter than the middle toe, robust. Toes long, the lateral ones

united to the middle one by an indentated membrane; and the hind toe very long, elevated, and simple.

These birds are migratory, residing in Asia, Africa, the West Indies, South America, and Australia ; and they are
found in troops on the fresh-water rivers and ponds, seeking their food, which consists of vegetable matter. During
the warm part of the day and at night they roost on the trees.

1. D. arcuata (Cuv.) Swains. Horsf. Zool. Res. pl. — Anas
javanica Horsf. ; Mareca awsuree Sykes.

2. D. major Jerd. Madr, Journ. 1840. 218.

3. D. autumnalis (Linn.) Eyton, Pl. enl. 826., Edwards’s Birds,
pl. 149.

4. D. arborea (Linn.) Eyton, Pl. enl. 804., Edwards's Birds, pl.
193.

5. D. viduata (Linn.) Eyton, Penn. Gen. Birds, pl. 13., Pl. enl.
808. \

6. D. virgata (Pr. Max.).

7. D. Eytoni (Gould), B.of Austr. pl. — Type of Leptotarsis

|
| Gould (1838).

Taporna Leach.+

Gill shorter than, or as long as, the head, higher at the base than broad, with the culmen (furnished
at times with a round tubercle) concave in the middle, depressed, and curved upwards at the tip,

which is suddenly hooked with a strong narrow nail ; the basal part of the lateral margin nearly straight
’

* Established by Mr. Swainsun (Class. of Birds, ii. 365.) in 1837. Wagler’s generic name of Dendvonessa was proposed in 1832, but
that name had been previously employed by Mr. Swainson. Mr. Gould's genus Leptotarsis is coequal with them.

+ Proposed by Leach previously to 1822, when Dr. Fleming introduced it into the Phil. of Zool. p. 260. In 1840, Count Keyserling and
Prof. Blasius used in its place Vulpanser.

ANATIN AL.

and the apical part much curved upwards; the lamelle slender, rather widely set, and more strongly
constructed anteriorly on the inner portion of the lateral margins ; the nostrils large, oval, and placed
near the base and culmen. Wings moderate, pointed, with the second quill the longest, and armed on
the shoulder with a tubercle. Tail moderate and nearly even. Tarsi strong, rather shorter than the
middle toe. Toes short and fully webbed; the hind toe moderate and elevated, and slightly lobed ;

the claws moderate and curved.

The type of this division is generally scattered in various parts of the old world, and is found on the sea coast, as
well as on the fresh-water rivers and lakes of the interior. It performs periodical migrations to the more northern
latitudes. The other species are peculiar to Australia. Marine plants, shell-fish, and molluscous animals form their
principal food. Their nest is formed of grass, lined with down, in the deserted burrows of rabbits, which are often
found on the coast. The female lays from twelve to fourteen eggs.

1. T. Vulpanser Flem. PI, en). 53.—- Anas Tadorna Linn. ; Ta- 2. T. Radjah (Garn.) Voy. de la Coqu. Ois. t. 49.
dorna familiaris Boie; T. Belloni Steph.; Anas cornuta Gmel. 3. T. nevosa (Gould), Proc. Zool. Soc. 1840. p.177., Birds of
Gould’s B. of Eur. pl. 357. Austr. pl.

Casarka Pr. Bonap.*

Bill as long as the head, nearly straight, the width equalling the height at the base, the anterior half
depressed, and scarcely curved upwards at the tip, which is armed with a strong broad nail; the basal
part of the lateral margin straight, and the apical part slightly curved upwards; the lamelle of the
upper mandible prominent below the lateral margins, slender, and set rather widely apart ; the nostrils
suboval, near the base and culmen. Wings moderate, with the second quill the longest. Tail short
and rounded. Tarsi robust, shorter than the middle toe. Toes long, and united by a full web; and

the hind toe long, elevated, and lobed.

The European species of this division occurs also in most parts of Asia and Africa, and is said to be principally
found on the large rivers, and but rarely on the sea coast. Their food consists of aquatic vegetables, as well as the
small fry of fish and insects. It is in burrows, especially of the marmots, on the banks of rivers, that the female
deposits eight to ten eggs. Other species are inhabitants of Australia and New Zealand.

1. C. rutila (Pall.) Hist. de Egypt. Ois. t. 10. f. 1., Gould’s B. 3. C. variegata (Gmel.) — Anas Cheneros Forst. Descriptiones
of Eur. pl. 358. — Anas Casarea Linn. ; A. rubra Gmel. Animalium, &c. p. 92., Icon. ined. 67. ; Casarka castanea Eyton,
2. C. tadornoides (Jard. & Selby), Eyton, Illustr. Ornith, pl. 62. | Anat. pl. p. 108.

Arx Boie.t

Bill shorter than the head, the height at the base not equal with the width, slightly narrowing, and
the culmen sloping towards the tip, which is armed with a very broad and large nail; the lateral

margins straight, the lamelle of the upper mandible short, widely set and thick; the nostrils oval,

* Established by the Prince of Canino (List of Birds of Europe and N. America) in 1838.

t+ It was in 1828 that this genus was established by M. Boie (Jsis), yet other names have since been employed for it; viz.
Cosmonessa of M. Kaup (1829), Dendronessa of Mr. Swainson (1831), and Lampronessa of Wagler (1832), These are all coequal
with the one used above.

LL

ANATINZ.

lateral, and placed near the middle of the bill. Wangs long and pointed, with the first quill nearly as
long as the second, which is the longest. Tail moderate, and moderately rounded. Tursi rather shorter
than the middle toe. Toes long, united by a full web, and the hind toe moderate, slightly elevated, and

lobed.

Of the two species, one is peculiar to the American continent and the West Indies, the other to China. The
American species is rarely found on the sea shore or in salt marshes, its favourite haunts being the solitary deep, and
muddy creeks, ponds, and mill dams of the interior. Those of the northern parts of that vast continent migrate to
the more temperate districts until the approach of summer, when they again return to their old haunts. Their food
consists principally of acorns, seeds of the wild oats, and insects. Sometimes the eggs are placed on a few sticks laid in
a fork of the branches, usually, however, in the inside of a hollow tree, on the soft decayed wood, to the number of
thirteen. Wilson further states that the female carries the young, one by one, in her bill, by the wing or back of the
neck, to the foot of the tree, whence she afterwards leads them to the water.

1. A. sponsa (Linn.) Boie, Pl. enl. 980, 981., Wils. Amer. | 2. A. galericulata (Linn.) PI. enl. 805, 806.
Ornith. pl. 70. f. 3., Voy. Te de Cuba, Ois. t. 30., Audub. B. of
Amer. pl. 206.

Mareca Steph.*

Lill shorter than the head, higher than broad at the base, of equal breadth, but depressed, and much
rounded at the tip, which is armed with a strong and broad nail; the lamellae of the upper mandible
prominent, especially in the middle of the lateral margins, slender, and rather widely set ; the nostrils
situated near the base and culmen, lateral, and oval. Wings long and pointed, with the first and
second quills the longest. Zazl moderate and wedge-shaped. Tarsi shorter than the middle toe. Toes

united by a full web; and the hind toe moderate and lobed.

They inhabit various parts of the world, performing periodical migrations in vast flocks during the night, from the
northern latitudes to the more temperate countries, and vice versa. They seek the margins of lakes and mouths of
rivers, as well as the sea shores, wherever their peculiar vegetable food is to be found. The species of America, says
Wilson, are seen in great flocks, taking short flights from one rice field to another during the rainy season. They are
extremely fond of the tender roots of that peculiar species of aquatic plants on which the canvass-back feeds, and for
which that bird is in the constant habit of diving. The widgeon, who never dives, watches the moment of the canvass-
back’s rising, and, before he has his eyes well opened, snatches the delicious morsel from his mouth, and makes off. It
is in the northern regions that the female lays her eggs, which are usually six or eight in number.

1. M. Penelope (Linn.) Pl. enl. 825., Gould’s B, of Eur. pl. 366. 3. M. chiloensis (King), Eyton’s Anat. pl. p. 117.

-— Anas fistularis Briss. ; Mareca fistularis Steph.; Anas melanura 4, M. castanea Eyton, Anat. pl. p. 119.

Gmel.? ; A. Kogolka Gmel. 5. M. gibberifrons Mull. & Schl. Verh. Nat. Gesch. Nederl. p.
2. M. americana (Gmel.) Steph. Pl. enl, 955., Wils. Amer. | 159.

Ornith. pl. 69. f. 1. — Anas Wigeon Bonn. Audub. B. of Amer. pl. 6. M. capensis (Gmel.) Steph.

345. 7 M. brasiliensis (Gmel.) Steph.

* Mr. Stephens established this genus (Gen. Zool. xii. p. 130.) as far back as 1824; yet, in 1829, M. Kaup proposed for it the name of
Penelope.

ANATIN 2.

Darita Leach.*

Bill longer than, or as long as, the head, higher than broad at the base, narrowed, but slightly widening
towards the tip, which is depressed and armed with a strong nail ; the lamella of the upper mandible
broad, widely set, and not projecting below the lateral margins; the nostrils large oval, and placed near
the culmen at the base. Wings long, with the first two quills the longest. Tail wedge-shaped, with the
two middle feathers much lengthened. Tars¢ shorter than the middle toe. Toes united by a full web,

and the hind toe rather long and lobed.

They are found in the northern parts of Europe, Asia, and America, performing periodical migrations to the more
temperate regions for the winter. The shallow fresh-water marshes are their principal places of resort, as well as fresh-
water lakes; and they are rarely found on the sea shores. They seldom dive, but are very noisy. Their nest is made
of herbage, and usually found in marshes, and in it the female deposits from eight to ten eggs.

1. D. acuta (Linn.) Pr. Bonap. Pl. enl. 954., Wils. Amer. Orn. | pl. p. 112., Zool. Beechey’s Voy. pl. 14.— Anas Iathera Bonn. ;
pl. 68. f. 3. — Anas caudacuta Ray; A. longicauda Briss.; A. | A. Urophasianus Vigors ; Phasianurus Vigorsii Wagl.; Type of
Tsitzihoa Vieill. Gould's B. of Eur. pl. 365. Pecilonetta Lyton (1838).

2. D. bahamensis (Linn.) Catesby’s Carol. i. t.93., Eyton’s Anat. | 3. D. ? eucullata (Fisch.) Mém. 1’Acad. de Mose. ix. t. 19.

Anas Linn.t ;

Bill longer than the head, higher than broad at the base, nearly of equal breadth throughout; the
culmen nearly straight, and depressed to the tip, which is armed with a strong broad nail; the lamelle
of the upper mandible hardly visible beyond the lateral margin, strong, and widely set, especially near
the middle ; the nostrils placed near the base of the culmen, lateral, and oval. Wings moderate and
pointed, with the tertials lengthened and acute, and with the first quill the longest. Taz! short and
wedge-shaped. Tarsi shorter than the middle toe, and compressed. Toes united by a full web; and

the hind toe small and somewhat lobed.

Most parts of the Old and New Worlds are inhabited by these birds, which migrate from the colder regions where they
retire to breed on the approach of summer, to the more temperate parts on the return of winter. They are generally
observed on the margins of fresh-water rivers and lakes, while others only frequent the sea shores or salt marshes. All,
however, possess great power of flight, and are capable of swimming with great rapidity. Their food consists of grains,
worms, slugs, and insects, which they seek for by means of their bills from among the herbage, &c. The nest is usually
placed in the most solitary places of the marshes or bogs, amidst coarse grass, reeds, and rushes, and instances have
been remarked of their occupying the nests of other birds. They generally deposit from twelve to sixteen eggs.

1. A. Boschas Linn. Pl. enl. 776, '777., Wils. Amer. Orn. pl. 70. 3. A. specularis King, Jard. & Selby’s Ill. Orn. n. s. pl. 40. —
f. 7. — Anas fera Briss. ; A. domestica Linn.; A. adunca Linn. ; | Anas specularoides King ; A. chalcoptera Kittl. Vogel Chili, t. 5.

A. curvirostra Pall.; A. purpureo-viridis Schinz; A. Breweri 4, A. superciliosa Gmel. — Anas leucophrys Forst. Desc. Anim.
Audub. B. of Amer. pl. 338. p- 93., and Icon. ined. 77.
2. A. pecilorhyncha Penn. Ind. Zool. pl. 13., Gray’s Ill. Ind. } 5. A, obscura Gmel, Wils. Amer. Orn. pl. 72. f. 2.

Zool. pl. 67. |

* Proposed by Leach previously to 1824, when it was adopted by Stephens (Gen. Zool. xii. p.126.). In 1829, M. Kaup gave the
name of T'rachelonetta ; and Wazler, in 1832, that of Phasianurus. It embraces Pecilonetta of Mr. Eyton (1838).
7 Established by Linneus (Systema Nature) in 1735. Mr. Swainson, in 1831, used the name of Boschas for this division.

ANATIN A.

6. A. cristata Gmel. — Anas lophyra Forst, Desc. Anim. p. 340.
and Icon. ined. 78. ; A. pyrogastra Meyen, Nova Acta, 1833. t. 25.

7. A. luzonica Fras. Proc. Z. 8. 1839. 113.

8. A. georgica Gmel. — Anas xanthorhyncha Forst. Desc. Anim.
p. 342., and Icon. ined. 71.

g. A. sparsa A. Smith, Eyton’s Anat. p. 142., Ill. Zool. S. Afr.
Birds, pl. 97.

10. A. caryophyllacea Lath. Gen. Syn. pl. — Anas erythrocephala
Bonn.

Wile Fale - — Anas superciliosa Mull. & Schl. Verh.
Nat. Gesch. Nederl. p. 178.

12. A. xanthorhyncha Forst. Desc. Anim. p. 45., and Icon. ined. |
72, — Anas flavirostris A. Smith, Eyton’s Anat. p.141., Ill. Zool.
S. Afr. Birds, pl. 96.

13. A. capensis Gmel. — Anas assimilis Forst. Desc. Anim. p. |
46. and Icon. ined. 75. .

14. A. erythrorhyncha Gmel. — Anas
Desc. Anim. p. 45. and Icon. ined. 73.

15. A. pesosaca Vieill. N. Dict. H. Nat. v. 132., Azara No. 430.

16. A. rubrirostris Vieill. N. Dict. Hist. Nat. v. 108.,
No. 433.

17. A. bicolor Vieill. N. Dict. Hist. Nat. vy. 136., Azara No. 436.

18. A. melanocephala Vieill. N. Dict. Hist. Nat. v. 163., Azara
No. 438.

19. A. flavirostris Vieill. N. Dict. Hist. Nat. v. 107., Azara No.
439.

20. A. leucophrys Vieill. N. Dict. Hist. Nat. vy. 156., Azara No.
442,

21. A. punctata Burch. Tr. S. Afr. p. 283.

22. A. oxyura Licht. Meyen, Nova Act. xvi. 122. — Anas spini-
cauda Vieill.

23.? A. rubidopteron Dubois, Ornith. Gal. t.

pytrhorhyncha Forst.

Azara

QUERQUEDULA Steph.*

Bill as long as the head, straight, the height equalling the breadth at the base, of equal width

throughout, depressed towards the tip, which is armed with a small narrow hooked nail ; the lamelle

of the upper mandible hardly visible, broad, and rather widely set ; the nostrils situated near the base

and culmen, lateral, and oval.

the secondaries lengthened and pointed. Tail moderate and wedge-shaped.
Toes united by a full web; and the hind toe short and slightly lobed.

the middle toe.

Wings moderate and pointed, with the second quill the longest, and

Tarsi rather shorter than

- The birds of this division are mostly found in Europe, Asia, and North America; others, however, are distributed in

South America and Africa.

They are migratory birds, commencing their rapid flights in small flocks soon after

sunset; and are generally seen, throughout the day, resting on the surface of the fresh-water ponds, or on the reedy

shores of rivers and lakes.

food, which consists of seeds of various aquatic plants, insects, and worms.

During the twilight and night, they sift with their bills the mud and herbage for their

Their nests are made of a vast mass of

decayed vegetable matter, lined with down, wherein the female deposits from eight to ten eggs.

1. Q. Crecca (Linn.) PI. enl, 947.

Jard. & Selby’s Ill. Orn. pl. 146. — Anas sylvatica Vieill.

3. Q. ereccoides (King), Eyton, Zool. Journ. iv. 99. — Anas |

oxyptera Meyen, Nova Acta, 1833. t. 26.

4. Q. falcata (Pall.) Penn. Arct. Zool. p. 574, pl. 23., Pall. |
Zoogr. t. 70.

5. Q. javana (Bodd.) PI. enl. 930. — Anas javanensis Bonn.

6. Q. glocitans (Pall.) Act. Stock. 1779. p. 33. t. 1. — Anas |
picta Stel. ; A. torquata Mes.; A. formosa Georgi ; A. baikal Bonn.

7. Q. bimaculata (Penn.) — Anas glocitans Gmel. |

8. Q. hottentotta A. Smith, Eyton’s Anat. p. 129. Ill. Zool. S. |
Afr. Birds. |

|
2. Q. carolinensis (Gmel.) Steph. Wils. Amer. Orn. pl. 70. f. 4., |

9. Q. Ipecuturi (Vieill.) N. Dict. d’Hist. Nat. vy. 120.— Anas
Paturi Spiv, Av. Bras. ii. t. 109.; Querquedula erythrorhyncha
Eyton, Azara No. 437. :

10. Q. multicolor (Scop.) Sonn. Voy. t. 55. — Anas manillensis
Gmel.

11. Q. Hina (Lath.) Steph.

12, Q. torquata (Vieill.) N. Dict. d’Hist. Nat. vy. 110., Azara
No. 441.

13. Q. humeralis
p. 159.

14. Q. Puna (Licht.) Tschudi, Faun. Peruana, p. 55.

15. Q. capensis A. Smith, Eyton’s Anat. p. 128.

Mull. & Schl. Verh. Nat. Gesch. Nederl.

Prerocyanra Pr. Bonap.t

Bill long, straight, higher than broad at the base, but the sides gradually widening to the tip; the

lamelle of the upper mandible prominent, and strong in the middle.

* Established by Mr. Stephens (Gen. Zool. xii. p. 142.) in 1824; M. Kaup, in 1829, substituted Nettion.
+ This division was originally made by Mr. Eyton, in 1838, under the name of Cyanopterus, which word, however, having been previously
employed, it was changed to the above by the Prince of Canino, in 1842 ?

ANATIN AL.

The species inhabit Europe, Asia, and America, performing the usual migrations from the south towards their
breeding-places in the more northern parts, on the approach of summer. They are usually seen on the muddy banks
of the fresh-water rivers, sifting the mud with their bills for their food, which consists of insects, the seeds of reeds or
other water plants, and wild oats. They fly rapidly, and, when they alight, drop down suddenly, like the snipe or
woodeock, among the reeds or on the mud. Their nests are formed among the rank herbage on the sides of lakes and

pools.

1. P. circia (Linn.) Pl. enl. 946. — Anas Querquedula Linn.; | 4. P. c@ruleata (Licht.)—-Anas cyanoptera Vieill, Azara
A. Balkul Forsk. No, 434.; A. Rafflesii King, Zool. Journ. Suppl. pl. 29., Jard. &
2. P. maculirostris (Licht.)— Anas fretensis King, Jard. & | Selby’s Ill. Orn. n, s, pl. 23.
Selby’s Ill. Orn. n. s. pl. 29. ; A. versicolor Vieil/, Azara No. 440. 5. P. Nove Hispania (Gmel.) —Querquedula mexicana Briss.
3. P. discors (Linn.) PI. enl. 966. 403., Wils. Amer. Orn. pl. 68. |
f. 4. — Querquedula americana et Q. virginiana Briss.
CHAULELASMus. *

Lill the length of the head, of nearly equal breadth throughout, as high as broad at the base; the
culmen nearly straight and depressed to the tip, which is armed with a narrow hooked nail; the lamelle
of the upper mandible very prominent near the middle, slender, and widely set; the nostrils placed
near the base and culmen, lateral, and oval. Wings lengthened and pointed, with the first quill nearly
as long as the second, which is the longest. Tail rather short and wedge-shaped. Zarsi much shorter
than the middle toe. Toes united by a full web, and the hind toe very small and slightly lobed.

This form is distributed in various parts of the globe, undertaking the usual periodical migrations of the Anatine.
They frequent the lakes, rivers, and marshes, especially those overgrown with reeds and rushes, rarely resorting to the
seacoast. Their flight is performed with great rapidity, and they generally conceal themselves, when disturbed, by
diving, at which they are very expert, more so than is usual with the birds of this subfamily. Seeds of aquatic
plants and insects compose their food, which they seek for during the day. The nest is placed in the most retired part
of the marshes.

1. C. strepera (Linn.) PI. enl. 958.— Anas platyrhynchos Ray; A, Kekuscha Gmel. ; Chauliodus capensis Swains.

SpatuLa Bote. t

ill longer than the head, narrowed at the base; the culmen straight, depressed, and the side much
dilated for nearly half its length from the tip, which is furnished with a small hooked nail ; the lamellz
of the upper mandible very slender and long, especially near the middle, those of the lower mandible
concealed by the lateral margins of the upper, but also very slender and lengthened ; the nostrils
placed near the base, small, and oval. Wangs lengthened and pointed, with the first two quills of
nearly equal length. Zail moderate and somewhat pointed. Tarsi shorter than the middle toe.

Toes united by a full web, and the hind toe short and slightly lobed.

* The original name of this genus was given by Mr. Swainson in 1831 (Journ. Roy. Inst.) as Chauliodus, which, having been previously
used in Zoology, was changed by me to the above in 1838, and by Mr. Eyton in the same year to Ktinorhynchus.
+ M. Boie proposed this division in 1822 (Isis, p. 564.), and in 1824 Mr. Stephens used Rhynchaspis (from Leach’s MSS.) ; while in
1831 M. Brehm gave the name of Clypeata, and in the same year Mr. Swainson considered this division as the Anas proper.
M M

ANATINA.

These shy birds are inhabitants of most parts of the world, migrating to the temperate portions on the approach of
winter. They are usually seen on the muddy shores of lakes and rivers, as well as on the marshes, where they sift the
watery mud through the slender and prominent lamellz of their curious broad bills, searching for minute insects,
worms, and small seeds, which constitute their principal food. The nest is formed in tufts of coarse herbage, wherein

they deposit from ten to twelve eggs.

1. S. clypeata (Linn.) Pl. enl. 971, 972., Wils. Amer. Orn. pl. | 3. S. capensis (A. Smith), Eyton’s Anat. p. 135., Ill. S, Afr.
67. f. 7. — Anas rubens Gmel.; A. mexicana Lath.; A. platalea Zool. Birds, pl. 98.

Vieill. Azara No. 431. |
2. §. rhynchotis (Lath.) Lamb. Icon. ined. i. 78. — Rhynchaspis
maculatus Gould, Jard. & Selby’s Ill. Orn. pl. 147.

MatacoryyNncuus Swains.*

Bill much longer than the head, straight, compressed at the base, depressed and slightly enlarging
towards the tip, which is armed with a small and hooked nail; the sides furnished with a loose,
membranous, angular skin; the lamelle of the upper mandible very long and slender, especially near

the middle of the margin; the nostrils near the base and culmen, small, and rounded. The other

characters like those of Spatula.
The type of this division is peculiar to Australia.

M. membranaceus (Lath.) Swains. Shaw’s Nat. Misc. pl. 697. — Anas fasciata Shaw.

Catrina [lem.t

Bill lengthened, straight, higher at the base than broad, and of equal width throughout, with a
rounded tubercle placed on the base of the culmen, which is nearly straight to the tip, and there
furnished with a strong nail; the lamella of the upper mandible broad and widely set; the nostrils
placed near the base and culmen, large, and oval. Wings moderate, with the third and fourth quills
the longest. Tail long, broad, and rounded. ars? shorter than the middle toe. TZoes united by a

full web, and the hind toe short and lobed. The sides of the head naked and carunculated.

It is found in the warmer parts of South America, and in the neighbourhood of the Caspian Sea, either in vast flocks
or in pairs, generally on the rivers and lakes. They are constantly seen resting on the high trees during the heat of the
day, and they also seek such places at night. The nest is formed in hollow trees, of feathers picked off their own

breasts. The female deposits from ten to fourteen eggs.

C. moschata (Linn.) Flem. Pl. enl. 989. — Cairina sylvestris Steph. ; Anas Meriane Shaw, Nat. Mise. pl. 69.

* The above name was established by Mr. Swainson in 1831 (Journ. Roy. Inst. p. 18.), and by Wagler in 1832,
+ This genus was established by Dr. Fleming (Phil. Zool. p. 260.) in 1822. M. Lesson, in 1828, proposed Moschatus ; and, in 1834, Mr.

Nuttall added Gymnathus. These are all founded on the same species.

March, 1845.

:

Suite) wd ee
tate 5
tel : Zz

YIDT DIODYAY PADI
SENE

UNOMIT jUelel SyepueuyNY

-MCZ LIBRARY.
HARVARD UNIVERSITY —
CAMBRIDGE. MA USA >

ne
—_

—a
i
5
% ‘

MCZ LIBRARY
HARVARD UNIVERSITY
CAMBRIDGE. MA USA

——

PES reyes

—-
FRTVVT OU rr

rz

Hulknandel’s Fatent

7. CASARCA rutla 8. ANAS boschas. 9. SPATULA clypeata. 10. QUERQUEDULA crecca

lic PTE ROCYANEA orcad. | DJAFILA acuta 14. ATX sponsa

Order VIII. ANSERES. Family I. Anatipa.

The sixth Subfamily,
FULIGULINA, or Sgea Ducks,

have the Bill of various lengths, elevated at the base, and more or less broad and depressed towards the
tip, which is armed with a broad strong nail; the Wings moderate and pointed; the Tail generally
short, and more or less wedge-shaped; the Tarsi much shorter than the middle toe, and compressed ;
the Toes long and united by a full web, the outer as long as the middle toe, the hind toe short

and deeply margined with a broad membranous web.

Branta Boie.*

Bill as long as the head, broader at the base than high, with the culmen gradually sloping to the
depressed tip, which is armed with a broad nail ; the lamelle of the upper mandible large and prominent ;
and the nostrils large, oval, and placed near the middle of the bill. Wings long and pointed, with the
first quill the longest. Tail short and slightly rounded. Tarsz much shorter than the middle toe, and
compressed. Toes lengthened, and united by a full web.

The species is an inhabitant of the north-eastern portions of Europe, and of Northern Asia, migrating to the tem-
perate parts on the approach of winter. It is frequently seen on the fresh-water lakes and rivers of the interior, rarely
visiting the sea coast. Its food consists of aquatic plants, seeds, and molluscous animals.

1. B. rufina (Pall.) Boie, Pl. enl. 928., Pall. Zoogr. t. 79. — Callichen ruficeps Brehm ; Anas erythrocephala Gmel. jun. Nov. Com.
Petrop. xv. 465. t. 20.; A. cinerea Gmel. jun. It. 11. 184. t. 18.

Fuxicura Steph.+

Bill nearly as long as the head, broader at the base than high, the culmen gradually sloping to the
tip, which is armed with a broad and strong nail; the sides dilated, especially anteriorly, where it
is rounded, the lateral margins straight and curved upwards to the nail; the lamelle of the upper
mandible not prominent, and widely set ; and the nostrils small, oblong, and near the middle of the bill.
Wings moderate and pointed, with the first quill the longest. Tail short and rounded. Tarsi half the
length of the middle toe, and compressed. Toes lengthened, and united by a full web.

These birds are inhabitants of the northern regions of Europe, Asia, and America, migrating to the temperate parts
on the return of winter. One species, however, is peculiar to New Zealand. They frequent, in pairs or small societies,

* Established by M. Boie (Jsis) in 1822. Three other names have been established on the same type, viz. Netta Kaup, 1829; Cal-
lichen Brehm, 1830; Mergoides Eyton, 1836.

t In 1824 Mr. Stephens (Shaw’s Zool. xii. 11. p. 187.) adopted this name from Ray ; but in 1831 M. Brehm proposed Platypus ; while
M. Sundeyal, in 1835, used Fulix for this division.

FULIGULIN A.

the fresh-water lakes and rivers ; but some are more especially found on the sea shore. Their food consists principally
of small bivalve and univalve shells, which they dive for, or for which they search the pools that are left on the sand
banks after the tide has receded, or on the muddy shores that are found on some coasts. Others feed principally on
the roots of aquatic plants.

1. F. cristata (Ray), Pl. enl. 1001. 1007.—Anas Fuligula Linn. ; 4. ? FE. mariloides (Richards.) Wils. Amer. Orn. pl. 69. f. 3.—
Anas Colymbis Pall. ; Anas scandiaca G'mel. ; Anas latirostra Briin.; | Fuligula affinis Lyton.
Anas notata Bodd. 5. F. nove zealandie (Gmel.) Steph. Forst. Icon. ined. t. 79.—
2. F. collaris (Don.) Pr. Bonap., Donoy. Brit. Birds, pl. 147. — | Anas atricilla Forst. MS.
Anas Fuligula Wilds. Amer. Ornithol. pl. 67. f.5. ; Anas rufitorques 6. F. metopias (Poeppig), Froriep’s Notizen (1829) No. 529.,
Pr. Bonap. Bull. Sci. Nat. 1829. p. 1038.
3. F. Marila (Linn.) Steph. Pl. enl. 1002.—Anas frenata Sparr. ; 7.? F. rufa (Linn.) Steph. Penn. Br. Zool. t. 99., S. G. Gmel.
Anas subterranea Scop. Reise, ii. t. 16.

Nyroca Flem.*

Gill as long as the head, higher at the base than broad; the culmen gradually sloping towards the tip,
which is depressed, slightly dilated, and armed with a strong nail; the lamellae of the upper mandible not
prominent; and the nostrils oval, and placed near the base. Wings lengthened and pointed, with the
two first quills the longest. Zaz short and rounded. Tarsz half the length of the middle toe, and com-

pressed. Toes lengthened, and united by a full web.

The ducks which compose this division are found in various parts of Europe, Asia, Africa, Australia, and North
America. They migrate in flocks to the higher latitudes to breed; and are generally seen on the fresh-water lakes,
rivers, and marshes, but usually at no great distance from the sea, and occasionally on the sea shore, expertly diving
for their food, which consists of aquatic plants, seeds, and insects. The nest is generally placed in the reeds, &c., that
border the edge of lakes and rivers ; it is formed of dried vegetable matter, and they deposit therein from eight to ten

eggs.

1. N. ferina (Linn.) Flem. Pl. enl. 803.—Anas rufa Gmel.; Anas ; Nyroca Gueld.; Anas peregrina Gmel.; ? Anas africana Gmel. ;
ruficollis Scop. _ Anas Gmelini Lath. S.G. Gmel. Reise, ii. t. 16.; Anas Glaucion

2. ? N. americana (Pr. Bonap.) Wils. Amer. Orn. pl. 70. f. 6.— | Pail.

Anas ferina Wils. | 5. N. australis Gould, Eyton’s Anat. p. 160.
8. N. Valisneria (Wils.) Steph. Wils. Amer. Orn. pl. 70. f. 5. | 6. N. brunnea Eyton, Anat. pl. p. 161.
4. N. leucophthalma (Bechst.) Flem. Pl. enlumin. 1000.— Anas | 7. ? N. fulva (Gmel.).

Ciancuta Flem.t

Lill shorter than the head, narrower than high at the base; the culmen gradually sloping to the tip,
which is armed with a strong broad nail; the sides narrowing towards the tip, the lateral margins
straight, membranous, and then curved upwards to the nail; the lamelle of the upper mandible not
prominent, and widely set; and the nostrils oval, large, and placed in the middle of the bill. Wings
moderate, acute, with the two first quills the longest. Tai rather long, and graduated. ars: much

shorter than the middle toe, and compressed. ves lengthened, and united by a full web.

They are inhabitants of the Arctic regions, from whence they migrate to the south on the approach of the winter
season. Usually seen in small parties on fresh lakes and the larger rivers, and sometimes on the sea shore. Their flight

* Established by Dr. Fleming (Phil. of Zool. ii. p. 260.) in 1822 ; but M. Boie, in the same year, proposed Aythya.
+ Established by Dr. Fleming (Phil of Zool. ii. p. 260.) in 1822. In 1828, M. Lesson proposed Histrionicus ; while, in 1829, M. Kaup

used Glaucion for this division.

N

FULIGULIN EX.

is powerful and quick; and they are remarkably active on the water, swimming and diving with the greatest dex-
terity. It is by the latter mode that they obtain their food, which consists of small fry, molluscous animals, shrimps,
worms, &c. The nest is built among rushes, or sometimes in the hollow of a tree; and they lay from twelve to fourteen

eggs.

1. C. Glaucion (Linn.) Boie, Planch. enlumin. 802.— Anas Clan- { _ 3. C. islandica (J. Fr. Gmel.) Briss. Orn. vi. t. 36, f. 1. 2. —
gula Linn.; Clangula vulgaris Flem.; Clangula chrysophthalma | Clangula Barrovii Swains. Faun. Bor. Amer. pl. 70.
Steph. ; Anas hyemalis Pall. Zoogr. ii. t. 72. ; Anas peregrina S. G. 4. C. histrionica (Linn.) Steph. Pl. enl. 798, 799.— Anas minuta
Gmel. Linn. Wils. Amer. Orn. pl. 72. f. 4.; Anas torquata Briss.

2. ? C. americana Pr. Bonap. — Anas Clangula Wils. Amer.Orn. | 5. C. albeola (Linn.) Steph. Pl. enl. 948.— Anas _bucephala
pl. 67.f. 6. | Linn. Wils. Amer. Orn. pl. 67. f. 2. 3. ; Anas rustica Linn.

Haretpa Leach.*

Bill much shorter than the head, broader than high at the base; the culmen gradually sloping towards
the apex, where it is somewhat depressed ; the sides compressed and membranous, and gradually con-
tracting to the tip, which is armed with a broad nail; the lamell of the upper mandible prominent and
widely set ; and the nostrils large, oblong, and placed near the middle. Wings moderate, with the two
first quills the longest. Tail wedge-shaped, with the two middle feathers narrowed and much lengthened.
Tarsi more than half the length of the middle toe, and compressed. Toes lengthened, and united by a
full web ; the hind toe short and strongly lobed.

The species is a native of all parts of the Arctic circle, but migrates to the more temperate regions on the approach of
winter. These migrations are performed in vast flocks, and their flight is very swift and low, consisting of but short
excursions at a time. They are invariably seen on the sea shore, where they are continually diving for their food, which
consists of small molluscous animals and crustacea. The nest is formed on the sea shore, of grass and such other soft
materials as they can find in the neighbourhood, and lined with down plucked from their own bodies. The female
deposits from eight to ten eggs.

1. H. glacialis (Linn.) Leach, Pl. enl. 1008. 999. Wils. Amer. | Anas leucocephala Bechst.; Querquedula ferroensis Briss. ; Anas
Orn. pl. 70.f. 1.2.; Anas hyemalis Linn. ; Anas miclonia Bodd.; | Sawka Lepech ; Anas brachyrhynchus Beseke.

Hymenotaimus G. R. Gray.

Bill as long as the head, equally compressed, elevated at the base, with the culmen for three fourths
of its length straight, and then slightly sloping to the tip; the sides shelving from the culmen to the
lateral margins, of which the basal half is firm, and furnished with lengthened slender lamine ; the
apical half of the margin composed of a soft flexible skin that hangs over the lower mandible, widening
towards the tip, where it is truncate, and the nail not very prominent; the nostrils situated near the
middle, and oval. Wangs short, slender, with the first, second, and third quills nearly equal, but the
second is the longest, and the shoulder is armed with a short blunt spur. Taz/ lengthened, and composed
of broad feathers, with the end rather rounded. Tars7 nearly as long as the middle toe, exclusive of the

claw; the fore toes strong and fully webbed, and the hind toe moderate and strongly lobed.

* Noticed by Mr. Stephens (Shaw's Zool. xii. 11. p. 174.) in 1824; M. Kaup proposed, in 1829, Payonetta ; and, in 1842, Mr. Mac-
gillivray used Crymonessa.
} Established in 1843. (Ann Nat. Hist. p. xi. 370.)

FULIGULIN &.

Peculiar to New Zealand; and Forster says they live “ by sucking the worms, &c., from the mud, when the tide
retires from the beach.”

1. H. malacorhynchus (Gmel.) Forst. Icon. ined. t.74.— Malacorhynchus Forsterorum Wagl.

Camprotaimus G. R. Gray.*

Bill nearly as long as the head; the base as high as broad; the culmen gradually sloping to the tip,
which is armed with a strong and broad nail ; the sides near the tip membranous, dilated, and flexible,
with a narrow bony plate running along beneath the nostrils towards the base of the bill, where it is
somewhat dilated ; the lamella of the upper mandible moderate, but on the lower they are very pro-
minent, long, and widely set; and the nostrils large, lateral, oval, and placed near the base. Wings
lengthened, pointed, with the two first quills the longest. Tail short and wedge-shaped. Tarsi short,
more than half the length of the middle toe, and compressed. Toes lengthened, and united by a full

web.

The type is peculiar to North America, where it is always found on the sea coast, especially on the sand bars. Their
food appears to consist principally of molluscous animals, which are procured by expert diving.

C. labradora (Gmel.) Wils. Amer, Orn. pl. 69. f. 6.

Micropterus Less.

Bill short, broad, much elevated at the base, and depressed from before the nostrils to the tip, which
is armed with a broad hooked nail; the lamella of the upper mandible moderate, and widely set ; and the
nostrils somewhat linear, and placed in the middle of the bill. Wings short, with the second and third
quills the longest ; and each wing armed with two blunt tubercles. Tail short and wedge-shaped. Tarsz

more than half the length of the middle toe. Toes long, and united by a full web.

The species is found on the Falkland Islands and Staaten Land, &c., where it is generally seen in pairs, or
occasionally in flocks of from forty to fifty. It feeds, says Mr. Darwin, on shell-fish, from the floating kelp and tidal
rocks. They constantly keep on the sea or on the rocks of the shore. From the shortness of their wings they do not
fly, but they have the power of using them when on the water, as oars, which enables them to escape with incredible.
speed. The nest is slightly formed on the rocks, and the parents are said to show great fondness for their young
when in danger, by concealing them with their own body while in the act of leading them to a place of safety. This
protection the parents are enabled to give, as it is somewhat difficult for the shots of the sailors to penetrate their
closely set feathers.

M. vinereus (Gmel.) Voy. de l'Uranie, pl. 39. — Anas brachyptera Lath. Forst. Icon. ined. t. 68. ; Oidemia patachonica King.

* Proposed in 1841, in the place of Kamptorhynchus of Mr. Eyton (Monogr. Anatide, p. 57.), who published that name in 1838, but
which was previously used in Zoology.
+ It was in the year 1828 that M. Lesson established this genus. (Manuel d’ Ornith. p. 416.)

FULIGULIN &.

Entconetta G. R. Gray.*

Bill short, broad, much elevated at the base, the sides narrowed, with the culmen gradually sloping to
the tip, which is armed with a very strong broad nail; the nostrils large, placed near the base, and oval.
Wings short, with the first quill the longest. Taz! short and wedge-shaped. Tarsi shorter than the
middle toe. ves long, the hind toe short and lobed.

It is an inhabitant of Northern Asia, and is also found on the north-western coast of America; and is so exclusively
maritime, as never to enter even the estuaries of the contiguous rivers. The nest is formed among the rocks and
precipices.

E. Stelleri (Pall.) Pall. Spic. Zool. t. 5., Pall. Zoogr. t. 68. — Anas dispar Spar. Mus. Carls. t. 7. 8.; Anas occidua Bonn.

Somaterta Leach.t

Bill with the base more or less elevated, and compressed behind the nostrils, where it is divided in
front by an acute angle of feathers; the anterior portion of the bill depressed, narrowed, and armed at
the tip with a strong broad hooked nail ; the lamellz of the upper mandible moderate, and widely placed ;
and the nostrils oval, placed near the middle of the bill. Wings moderate, pointed, with the first and
second quills the longest. Taz! short and wedge-shaped. Tavs: more than half the length of the middle
toe. Toes lengthened, and united by a full web.

The higher latitudes of the Arctic regions of Europe and America are the proper abodes of the birds of this division.
They are generally seen on the solitary rocky shores and islands, which are their favourite haunts, living in flocks;
generally diving in deep water, in search of their food, which consists of shell-fish, crustacea, and the fry of fish. Their
nests are placed on ground, formed outwardly of dry grass and sea weed, and internally of down plucked from their own
breasts, which, for softness, warmth, lightness, and elasticity, surpasses that of all other birds. The female deposits five

eggs.

1. S. mollissima (Linn.) Leach, Pl. enl. 209. 208. — Anser lanu- 2. S. speetabilis (Linn.) Steph. Sparr. Mus. Carls. t. 39. 40. —
ginosus Briss. Wils. Amer. Orn. pl. 71. f. 2 & 3.; Anas Cutberti | Anas Beringii Lath. Pall. Zoogr. ii. t. 67.
Pail.

Omemia Flem.t

Gill as long as the head, with the culmen much inflated at the base above the nostrils, and the sides
at the base more or less swollen and bare of feathers; the fore part of the upper mandible

suddenly much depressed, and the sides dilated and membranous, with the tip armed with a very broad

* This generic name was proposed (1840) in the place of three other names, all of which had been previously employed, viz. Macropus
Nuttall (Ornithology, ii. p. 450.), 1834; Polysticta Eyton, 1836 ; Stelleria Pr. Bonap., 1838.

+ This genus of Dr. Leach was noticed by Dr. Fleming (Phil. of Zool. ii. p. 260.) in 1822.

{ Established by Dr. Fleming (Phil. of Zool. ii. p. 260.) in 1822. In the same year M. Boie used Melanetta ; in 1828, M. Lesson
proposed two names, viz. Maceranas and Macroramphus ; in 1829, M. Kaup gave Pelionetta: all which names were established on the same
set of birds,

FULIGULIN 2.

flat nail ; the lamelle of the upper mandible prominent, strong, and widely set; the nostrils oval, and
placed near the middle of the bill. Wings moderate, pointed, with the first or second quills the longest ;
those which have the second quill the longest have the first deeply notched at about half its length. Tail
short, pointed, and graduated. Yarsi more than half the length of the middle toe. Toes lengthened, and

united by a full web.

The birds of this division are inhabitants of the northern portions of Europe, Asia, and America, migrating to the
temperate latitudes on the advance of winter. Their flight is rather rapid, generally at short distances, but heavy, and
near the surface of the water. They are expert divers and swimmers, even amidst the heaviest surf. It is on the rocky
shores and bays of the sea that they mostly abound, seeking crustacea, various bivalve shells, and other marine animals,
that are common in such places. Their nest is composed outwardly of dry grass, &c., lined internally with down from
their own bodies ; and the female lays from six to eight eggs.

1. O. nigra (Linn.) Flem. Pl. enl. 978. — Anas atra Pall.; Anas | Wils. Amer. Orn. pl. 72. f. 3.; Anas fuliginosa Bechst.; Type of

cinerascens Bechst. ; Anas cinerea S. G. Gmel. _ Melanetta Boie (1822).
2. O. americana Richards.—Anas nigra Wils. Amer. Orn, pl. 72. | 4. O. perspicillata (Linn.) Steph. Pl. enl. 995. -— Anas latirostris
Fea. Bodd. Wils. Amer. Orn. pl. 67. f. 1.

3. O. fusca (Linn.) Flem. Pl. enl. 956. — Anas Carbo Pall. |

August, 1844.

|

—

PID 97-9 SurppUhiyAoonpoUt
‘SANTI TON AWA

Seat aeeat aaa tT

SY NIT OOWU Ost

RY

MCZ LIBRAR
HARVARD UNIVE

CAMBRIDGE. MA USA

4 4 i | I | if
lagahis. 4. QIDEMIA msca. 5. Cl GULA glana
isca. 0. CLANGULA glancion

CHullmandel’s Pat

6. NYROCAferna. 7. SOMATE.RIA mollissima 8. MICROPTERUS cimereus. 9 ENICONETTA

v.

10. HYMENOLAIMUS malacorhynchus. 11. CAMPTOLAIMUS labradorns

Order VIII. ANSERES. Family I. Anatip2.

The seventh Subfamily,
ERISMATURIN&, or Spiny-Taitep Ducks,

have the Bill elevated at the base, and the anterior half much depressed to the tip, which is furnished
with a nail; the Wings short and concave, with the ends of the quills incurved ; the Tail lengthened, and
composed of narrow rigid feathers, which are but slightly protected with coverts both above and
below; the Tarsi shorter than the middle toe, and compressed ; the Toes lengthened, the anterior ones
united by a full web, and the hind toe long, and furnished with a broad web.

Tuatassiornis Hyton.*

Bill nearly the length of the head, more elevated at the base than broad, the culmen sloping to near
the tip, and then depressed, and armed with a strong broad hooked nail ; the width of the upper mandible
nearly equal throughout, and the sides somewhat compressed ; the nostrils small, oval, and placed in the
middle of the bill. Wings short, with the second and third quills longest. Tazl rounded, and
composed of slightly rigid feathers. Tars¢ much shorter than the middle toe. Toes lengthened ;
the outer nearly as long as the middle toe, and all the anterior ones united by a full web ; the hind toe
moderate, and strongly lobed.

This bird is peculiar to the southern portions of Africa, and Dr. Andrew Smith has kindly obliged me by the follow-
ing information regarding it. “ It is always, or at least generally, observed swimming on the surface of the fresh-water
lakes of the Cape colony. It flies, but never very far, nor at any great height above the surface of the water; indeed
its wings, during its progress, often disturb the fluid, and occasion a ripple behind it. It dives most vigorously, stops a
long time under water, and reappears at a considerable distance from where it descends. Its power of sight is
very great; hence it is with difficulty shot, owing to its commonly being under water before the deadly lead can reach
it. The farmers succeed in killing it by concealing themselves and their arms from its observation. It feeds upon what
it finds in the water, and is to be seen actively employed in filling its stomach as it advances from place to place.”

T. leuconotus (A. Smith) Eyton, Monogr. Anat. 1. 168., A. Smith, Ill. 8. Afr. Zool. pl.

Biziura Leach.t

Bill short, broader than elevated at the base, of nearly equal breadth, and suddenly narrowed at the
tip, which is armed with a moderate-sized nail; the sides sloping from the culmen to the lateral margins
which are membranous, and the interior margined with short and very fine lamelle ; from beneath the
lower mandible hangs a large compressed caruncle; the nostrils lateral, oval, and placed in the middle
of the bill. Wings very short, and furnished at the shoulder with two blunt tubercles; the second
and third quills nearly equal and longest. Tail short, and composed of rigid and narrowed feathers.
Tarsi robust, compressed, and two thirds the length of the middle toe. Toes lengthened, the anterior
ones united with a full web; the hind toe elevated, short, and strongly lobed.

The bird which constitutes this division is peculiar to Australia. Lieutenant Breton, R. N., remarks that “ He has
never heard of any instance in which more than two were seen together. They are met with only on the rivers, and in

* Established by Mr. Eyton (Monogr. Anat. i. 70.) in 1838.
+ This genus of Leach was noticed by Mr. Stephens (Gen. Zool. xii, p. 221.) in 1824, M. Temminck had about the same time proposed
Hydrobates for the same type.

ERISMATURIN A.

pools left in the otherwise dry beds of streams. It is extremely difficult to shoot them, on account of the readiness
with which they dive; the instant the trigger is drawn, the bird is under water.”

B. lobata (Shaw), Shaw's Nat. Mise. pl. 255., Pl. col. 68. — Biziura nove hollandiew Steph. ; Anas carunculata Vieill.

Erismatura Pr, Bonap.*

Bill nearly as long as the head, higher at the base than broad, the culmen suddenly curved to the
front of the nostrils and then depressed, straight and the sides somewhat dilated near the tip, which is
armed with a very narrow nail, enlarged and hooked beneath; the nostrils oval and placed nearly
in the middle of the bill. Wings short and concave, with the first two quills the longest. Tail long,
wedge-shaped, and composed of narrow stiff feathers. Tarsi half the length of the middle toe, and
compressed. Joes lengthened, the middle and outer ones of equal length, and the three anterior ones
united by a full web; the hind toe long, elevated, and margined by a lobed membrane; the claws
short, curved, and acute.

The species are scattered in various parts of both hemispheres. They are peculiarly aquatic birds, living on the
large sheets of saline waters and rivers, especially those that run into the sea. In such places, they are generally seen in
small societies of five or six individuals, and mostly apart from other species of water birds. Their bodies, except the
head and neck, are entirely hidden beneath the surface of the water when swimming. The form of their bodies
makes them extremely expert in diving, when seeking for molluscous animals and fish, on which they principally
subsist. The nest is constructed of reeds and other aquatic plants, in such a manner that it floats on the surface of the
water.

1. E. leucocephala (Scop.) Eyton, Gould’s B, of Eur. pl. — Anas 4. E. maccoa (A. Smith), Eyton, Monogr. Anat. 169. pl.
mersa Pall. Reise ii. t. 11., Pall. Zoogr. t. 73., Hist. de l’ Egypt. Ois. 5. E. australis (Gould), Eyton, Proc. Z. S. 1836. 85.
pl. 10. f. 2. | 6. E. dominica (Linn.) Eyton, Pl. enl. 968. 967. — Anas spinosa
2. E. rubida (Wils.) Bonap., Wils. Amer. Orn. pl. 71. f.5, 6.— | Gmel.
Type of Gymnura Nutt. (1834.) ? 7. E. spinicauda (Vieill.) Ency. Méth. 356., Azara No. 429.
3. E. ferruginea Eyton, Monogr. Anat. 170. — Anas oxyura Licht.
NESONETTA.

Bill shorter than the head, the width and elevation at the base equal, the culmen gradually sloping to
the tip which is armed with a moderate-sized nail, the sides compressed and of equal breadth throughout ;
the lamelle of the interior margins of the upper mandible small and widely set, strongest near the base;
the nostrils near the base, lateral, and oval. Wings very short and pointed, with the second quill the
longest. Tail short and wedge-shaped, with the end of the stem of each feather bare and rigid. Tarsz
robust, about two thirds the length of the middle toe. Toes strong, with the outer toe shorter than the
middle, and all the fore toes united by a full web; the hind toe short, elevated, and somewhat lobed.

The type of this genus is peculiar to the Auckland Islands, but its habits are at present unknown.

N. aucklandica. — Mergus australis Homb. 5 Jacq. in Ann. Se. Nat. sér. 2. xv. p. 320. ?

* This division was first established by the Prince of Canino under the denomination of Oxyura (Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. of New York,
1828, p. 390.), which, having been previously used, was changed to the above in 1832. In 1832, Wagler proposed the name Cerconectes ;
in 1834, Mr. Nuttall that of Gymnura ; and Mr. Gould, in 1836, that of Undina.

September, 1844.

WOWY DIUWDNAL
VULLLEWSTYLY

2. ERLSMATURA leucocephala

IORNIS leuconotus.

Qa
YO

HALA

ey

-MCZ LIBRARY
HARVARD UNIVERSITY
CAMBRIDGE. MA USA

Hi

>

Order VIII. ANsEREs. Family I. Anatmz.

The eighth Subfamily,
MERGIN &, or MercanseErs,

have the Bill straight, and much compressed on the sides, with the culmen elevated at the base, and
convex towards the tip, which is armed with a broad and much hooked nail; the lateral margins of both
mandibles more or less serrated ; the Wings moderate and pointed; the Tail short and rounded; the
Tarsi short, and the Toes moderate, the outer as long as the middle, the three anterior ones united by a

full web, and the hind toe moderate, elevated, and margined by a broad web.

Mercanettra Gould.*

Bill as long as the head, straight, much compressed, elevated at the base, and gradually sloping to the
tip, which is armed with a strong broad nail ; the lateral margins of the upper mandible membranous,
somewhat dilated in the middle, and the interior dentated with very fine lamelle; the nostrils linear,
and placed near the middle of the bill. Wings moderate, with the second and third quills the longest,
and the shoulder armed with a strong and acute spur. az/ lengthened, and rounded, composed of rigid
and pointed feathers. Twrs? somewhat lengthened, but shorter than the middle toe, and compressed.
Toes moderate, the anterior ones united by a full web; and the hind toe short, elevated, and much

lobed.

« Found inhabiting,” says Mr. Brydges, who discovered this remarkable bird, “ the rapid rivers of the Andes. This
bird swims and dives against the rapidity of the mountain torrents ina manner truly astonishing. It seldom or never
leaves the rivers of the Andes ; and, like the Grebe, seldom makes use of its wings, although when disturbed it flies a

short distance. Generally seen in pairs.”

M. armata Gould, Proc. Z. 8. 1841.95.

Mereus Linn.t

Bill as long as, or longer than, the head, straight, slender; the culmen elevated, and convex towards
the tip, which is suddenly hooked and armed with a large broad nail ; the lateral margins of both man-
dibles serrated with short and widely set teeth, all pointing backwards ; the nostrils lateral, placed near
the base of the bill, oblong, pierced longitudinally ina membrane and pervious. Wings moderate and
pointed, with the first and second quills of nearly equal length and longest. Twil moderate and gra-
duated. ars? shorter than the middle toe. oes moderate ; the outer and middle ones of nearly equal

length, and the three anterior ones united by a full web; the hind toe moderate and much lobed.

These birds are inhabitants, during the summer months, of the northern parts of both the eastern and western hemi-
spheres, where they remain until the lakes and rivers are entirely covered with ice ; and, as the severity of the winter

* Established in 1841. (Proc. Z. S. 1841. 95.)
+ First proposed by Linneus in 1735. Brisson, in 1760, used Merganser, in which he has been followed by Leach and the Pr. of Canino.

MERGIN ZS.

increases, they return to the more temperate regions in large flocks. They are rarely seen on the land, but when on the

water their heads and backs only are visible above the surface. Their activity is remarkable, especially when diving ;
and they possess the power of continuing beneath the surface for some time, and of proceeding for some distance with
great rapidity. During these submersions they seek for fish, on which they almost entirely subsist. It is in the high
latitudes, on the margins of water, that they build their nests, either concealed by a large stone or placed under the
cover of bushes; this nest is composed of grass and other vegetable materials, mixed and lined with any kind of soft

substances, and in it the female deposits from eight to twelve eggs.

1. M. Castor Linn, Pl.enl. 951.—Mergus Merganser Linn. Wils.
Amer. Orn, pl. 68. f. 1. ; Merganser Raii Steph.
2. M. serrator Linn, Pl. enl 207.— Merganser cristatus Briss.

4. M. brasiliensis Vieill. Gal. des Ois. t. 283.
? 5. M. eristatus Pall. Zoogr. 11. 291.
? 6. M. imperialis Gmel.

Wils. Amer. Orn. pl. 69. f. 2. ; Mergus niger Gmel.; Merganser | ? 7. M. ce@ruleus Gmel.
serratus Steph.
3. M. eucullatus Linn. Pl. enl. 935, 936. —? Mergus fuscus

Lath, ; Merganser virginianus cristatus Briss,

Mercetuus Selby.*

Lil much shorter than the head, more elevated than broad at the base ; the culmen gradually sloping
to the tip, which is armed with a broad and much hooked nail; the lateral margins of the mandibles
serrated with short and closely set teeth ; the nostrils placed near the middle of the bill, lateral and

subovate. The rest of the characters agree with those of Mergus.

The type of this genus is also found in the northern parts of both hemispheres, whence it is driven, by the
approach of the arctic winter, tothe more genial portions of Europe and America, where it frequents the sea coast, fresh-
water lakes, and rivers. This bird is a very expert swimmer, and can remain a long time diving beneath the surface
of the water. Fish, and more especially crustacea, form the principal portion of its food. It makes its nest on the
borders of lakes and rivers; and the female deposits from eight to twelve eggs.

Briin.; Mergus stellatus Briss. ; ? Mergus anatarius Limbach, Isis
(hybridus cum anate).

M. albellus (Linn.) Pl. enl. 449., Wils. Amer. Orn. pl. 91. f. 9. —
Mergus minutus Linn.; Mergus asiaticus ? Gmel. ; Mergus glacialis

* Proposed by Mr. Selby (Cat. of Gen. and Subgen. of Birds, p. 47.) in 1840. In 1816, Leach had separated this species as the Mergus
proper, in which idea he was followed by Mr. Stephens, 1824. (Gen. Zool. xii. 156.)

September, 1844.

poy ADD2UAANO
VILANVILVAIN

)

[¢p)
he
eu
a=
m=
5>
NE
Og
=>

[oe

<x

ee)

CAMBRIDGE. MAUSA

BRAR
J
hy

2D U

}
;

oe

NIVER

MCZ LI
RVARD UNIVE
CAMBRIDGE. MA |

<
os

Order VIII. ANSERES.

The second Family,
COLYMBID®, or Divers,

have the Bill more or less long, much compressed, straight, and acute; the Nostrils placed in a
longitudinal groove, with the opening basal, linear, or rounded: the Wings moderate, with the first
quill longest: the Tail very short: the Tarsi short, and much compressed: the Toes long, and the three
anterior ones more or less united together by a membrane ; the hind toe short, and margined by a small

membrane.

The first Subfamily,
COLYMBIN &, or Divers,

have the head long, straight, with the tip curved, and the sides compressed ; the Nostrils basal, lateral,
and placed in a groove, with the opening linear and pervious: the Wings long and pointed: the Tail
very short: the Tarsi short, and much compressed: the Toes long ; the fore toes united together by an

entire web; the hind toe short, and slightly margined by a membrane.

CotymBus Linn.*

Bill long, strong, and straight, with the apical portion of the culmen curved, and the sides compressed
to the tip, which is acute; the gonys long and ascending; the nostrils basal, lateral, and placed in a
membranous groove, with the opening linear and pervious. Wings long and pointed, with the first and
second quills the longest. Taz very short and rounded. Tarsi shorter than the outer toe, much
compressed, and covered with reticulated scales. Toes long; the anterior toes united together by an
entire web, and the inner side of the internal toe margined by a membrane; the hind toe short, and

margined by a small membrane ; the claws moderate, broad, and depressed.

The species of this genus are found in the Arctic circle, but migrating to the more temperate climates during severe
winters. They are observed on the sea coast, and on the lakes and ponds of the interior. They are usually noticed in
pairs, or in small parties, swimming about in search of fish and other aquatic animals, which constitute their food, and
after which they are able to dive and remain a long time under water, and when they return to the surface, they seldom
expose more than the neck. They swim and dive with the greatest velocity, but they rarely fly, and then their flight is
performed heavily and high in the air. The eggs, which are two to four in number, are deposited on the bare ground,
or in a nest composed of dry weeds, but in either case they are placed near the water’s edge.

* Established by Linneus in 1735. Cepphus of Mcehring (1752), Urinator of Cuvier (between 1799 and 1800), and Eudytes of Iliger
(1811) are synonymous with the name employed.

COLY MBIN &.

3. C. septentrionalis Linn, Edwards’s Birds, pl. 97., Pl. enl.
308. — Colymbus lumme, C. borealis, et C. stellatus Briin. Pl. enl.
992. ; C. striatus Gmel. Gould, B. of Eur, pl. 395., Gal. des Ois,
t. 282., Audub. B, of Amer. pl. 202.

1. C. glacialis Linn, Pl, enl. 952. — Colymbus torquatus Briin. ;
C. immer Linn. Gould, B. of Eur. pl. 393., Wils. Amer. Orn. pl.
74. £.8., Audub. B. of Amer. pl. 306.

2. C. arcticus Linn. Edwards’s Birds, pl. 146., Pl. enl. 914. —
Colymbus ignotus et C. leucopus Bechst. Gould, B. of Eur, pl. 394.,
Audub. B. of Amer. pl. 346.; C. balthicus Horns, &§ Schill.

June, 1848,

Wolf del et hth

COLVMBUS

arcicas.: Lunn.

i
‘ ~~
7 > -
a : ' ;
Se
t :
|

; - MCZ LIBRARY __
HARVARD UNIVERSITY
CAMBRIDGE. MA USA

“ ae

en eel I , 2
i @

if

Order VII]. ANSERES. Family II. Corymer2.

The second Subfamily,

PODICIPIN &, or Greses,

have the Bill long, straight, compressed on the sides, with the culmen slightly curved at the tip, which
is acute and entire; the gonys ascending; the nostrils pierced in a groove and oblong; the Wings
short, with the first quill the longest ; the Tail not apparent; the Tarsi short and much compressed ;
the Toes long, the outer longer than the others; the anterior ones broadly lobed on the sides, especially

on the inner side ; the claws short, very broad, and obtuse.

Popicers Lath.*

Bill more or less long, strong, straight, the culmen slightly curved at the tip, which is acute and
entire ; the sides much compressed, and the gonys short and advancing upwards to an acute point; the
nostrils placed in a short groove, with the opening longitudinal and exposed. Wangs short and pointed,
with the first or sometimes the second quill the longest, and slightly emarginated near the tips. Tail
short, not apparent. Zarsz shorter than the middle toe, much compressed, the anterior and posterior
edges covered with small scales, which are serrated posteriorly, and the sides with transverse scales.
Toes long, the outer the longest, depressed, margined on the sides, especially on the inner side, and
united at the base to the middle toe; the hind toe short and strongly lobed; the claws short, very
broad, flat, and obtuse.

The species are scattered over the world, and are usually found in small flocks near the sea-coast, or on the sides of
the lakes, fresh-water rivers, and marshes, but are rarely seen on the land, owing to the difficulty they have in walking.
On the water, however, they swim and dive with the greatest facility and activity, and are enabled to pursue fish to a great
depth. If fearful of danger, they either hide among the reeds or dive beneath the floating water plants, where, with only
their bill above the surface they lie concealed, until the cause of their alarm has subsided, when they resume their
usual avocations. At certain seasons they migrate, which is usually performed over the sea near the coast; and the
flight is limited, except when at a certain elevation, and then it is rather rapid, and can be sustained for a lengthened
excursion. Fish, insects, and occasionally water plants form their subsistence. The nest is composed of grass, lined
with down; it is usually fixed to reeds and other plants, and it sometimes floats on the surface of the water. The eggs
are three to four in number.

* Latham in 1790 established this genus (Index Ornithologicus, p. 780.). Colymbus of Brisson (1760), and Lophaithyia of M. Kaup
(1829) are synonymous. It embraces Dytes, Proctopus, Podeaithyia of Dr. Kaup (1829), and Dasyptilus of Mr. Swainson (1837), with
which Poliocephalus of Mr. Selby is synonymous.

PODICIPIN 2.

1. P. eristatus (Linn.) Lath. Pl. enl. 400. — Colymbus cornutus
Briss. ; C. wrinator Linn. Edwards's Birds, pl. 860. f.2., Pl. enl.
944. O41., Gould, B. of Eur. pl. 388., Audub, B. of Amer. pl. 292. ;
Type of Lophaithyia Kaup (1829).

2. P. australis Gould, Proc. Z. 8. 1844. p. B. of Austr. pl.

3. P. leucopterus King, Zool. Journ. ii. p. 101., Jard. & Selby,
Ill, Orn, pl. 107.

4, P. grisegena (Bodd.) Lath. Pl. enl.931.— Colymbus rubri-
collis Gmel.; C. subcristatus Jacq. Vig. t.18.; C. parotis Sparr.
Mus. Carls. t. 9.; C. vulgaris Scop.; C. cucullatus et C. nevius
Pall. Gould, B. of Eur. pl. 389., Audub. B. of Amer. pl. 298. ; C.
longirostris Bonn. ; Type of Podeaithyia Kaup (1829).

5. P. cornutus (Gmel.) Lath. Pl. enl. 404, f. 2.942. Edwards's
Birds, pl. 96, f. 1.145. — Colymbus obscurus Gmel.; C. caspicus
S. G. Gmel. ; C. nigricans Scop. Briss. Orn. vi. t. 3. f.2., Gould, B.
of Eur. pl. 390., Audub. B. of Amer. pl. 259, ; C. comosus Bonn. ;
C. minutus Pall. ; Type of Dytes Kaup (1829).

6. P. auritus (Linn.) Lath. Edwards’s Birds, t. 96. f. 2., Gould,
B. of Eur. pl. 891., Audub. B. of Amer. pl. 404, ; Type of Proctopus
Kaup (1829).

7. P. minor (Gmel.) Lath. Pl. enl. 905. — Colymbus hebridicus
Gmel. Penn. Br. Zool. ii. pl. 79.; C. fluviatilis Bx. Gould, B. of
Eur, pl. 392.; C. pyrenaicus La Peyr.

8. P. philippensis (Bonn.) Temm, Pl. enl. 945. — Podiceps
minor yar. 3 Lath.

9. P. poliocephalus Jard. & Selby’s Ill. Orn. t. 13. — Podiceps
nestor Gould ; Type of Poliocephalus Se/by (183 ?).

10. P. rufopectus G. R. Gray, Faun, New Zealand, App. p. 198.,
Voy. Ereb. & Terr. Birds, pl. 19.

11. P. nove hollandi@a Steph. Gen. Zool. xiii. p. 18. — P. gularis
Gould, Proc. Z. 8. 1836. p. 145. B. of Austr. pl.

12%. P. Rollandi Quoy & Gaim. Voy. de l’Uranie, Zool. t. 36.

13. P. kalipareus Less. Voy de la Coqu. Ois. t. 45. — Podiceps
occipitalis Less. Pernetty’s Voy. t. 11.

14. P. dominicus (Linn.) Lath. Briss. Orn. vi. t. 5. f. 2., Azara,
No, 445.

15. P. major (Bodd.) — C. cayennensis Gmel. Pl. en), 404, f. 1. ;
Podiceps cayanus Lath.

16. P. thomensis (Gmel.) Lath. — Colymbus insule S, Thome
Briss.

17. P. antarcticus Less. Rey. Zool. 1842. p. 209.

18. P. americanus Garn. Voy. de la Coqu. Zool. p. 599.

19. P. chiliensis Garn. Voy. de la Coqu. Zool. p. 601.

20. P. bicornis (Licht.) Cat. Dupl. Berl. Mus. p. 88., Azara, No.
443.

PopitymBus Less.*

Gill shorter than the head, strong, and much compressed on the sides, with the culmen much curved
to the tip, which is hooked over that of the lower mandible, and entire; the gonys short and suddenly
advancing upwards; the nostrils placed anteriorly in a broad membranous groove, oval, and exposed.
Wings short, with the second quill the longest, and the first four more or less emarginated anteriorly
near the tip.

Tail not apparent. Tarsi short and much compressed on the sides, and the posterior

edge serrated. Toes long, depressed, and strongly margined on the sides, especially on the inner

margins ; the hind toe short, and moderately lobed; the claws short, depressed, and obtuse.

The species of this division are peculiar to the New Continent. Their habits and manners are similar to those just
deseribed.

1. P. carolinensis (Lath.) — Colymbus podiceps Linn. Catesby’s
Carol. pl. 91. ; C. ludovicianus Gmel. Pl. enl. 943., Spix, Av. Bras.
ii. t. 100., Azara, No. 444.

2. P. brevirostris G. R. Gray.

* M. Lesson established this division in 1831 (T'raité d’ Ornithologie, p. 595.). Sylbeoeyclus of the Prince of Canino (1832), and

Hydroka of Mr. Nuttal (1834) are synonymous.

June, 1846,

>»
-

. ee se frotg YD SIL] SOAAROMG
SAAWITIAOd

-MCZ LIBRARY |
HARVARD UNIVERSITY
CAMBRIDGE. MA USA aay

\
¢
. ‘
‘
-
Hi
i
‘ “
es
a
/ 7
.
ZY =
° 4
‘
j
i
e
*
.
.
r J 4
~ + -
f o
«
-
_ =
’
)~
-
%
e a
a Fd
= eet)
. ” a

2°) ngage
. @ : oe".
= a oe > | see

cs (She

© LW MWB TINA et POIDUGIIPIN AS . 171

ie)

Se -
Fr SSeS. 5 SILOS Ee

3 C Hullmandel’s Patent Lithounr.

1.COLYMBUS arcticus 2. PODILYMBUS carolmnensis 3. PODICEPS cnistatus

MCZ LIBRARY —__
HARVARD UNIVERSITY

a
wo
bow
<<
=
%
m&
a
FA
oO

‘

Order VIII. ANSERES. Family I]. Cotympins.

The third Subfamily,
HELIORNIN &, or Sun Grepes,

have the Bill long, straight, and compressed, with the tip slightly curved and emarginated; the gonys
of the lower mandible short and advancing upwards ; the Wings moderate and rounded ; the Tail long
and much rounded ; ‘the Tarsi short ; and the Toes margined with a membrane, which is more or less

united to the middle one.
Heuiornis Bonn.*

Gill longer than the head, straight, sides compressed, with the culmen rather elevated, and gradually
curved to the tip, which is acute and emarginated ; the gonys of the lower mandible short, and advancing
upwards ; the nostrils placed in a broad groove, with the opening large, longitudinal, and near the
middle. Wings moderate, with the second and third quills the longest. Tail long, broad, and much
rounded, with each feather broad and rounded at its end. TYars: much shorter than the middle toe,
robust, and scutellated in front. Toes long, the outer nearly as long as the middle one, with a broad
web on the inner margin of all, which is united to the first joint of the inner toe, and to the second joint
of the outer; the inner toe margined interiorly, and united to the lobe of the hind toe.

It is chiefly seen on the sides of rivers and creeks; in such places it searches for small fish and insects, more especially

flies, in catching which it shows great dexterity. It is very active, with the head and body continually in motion, and
frequently expanding the tail and wings at the same time.

H. Fulica (Bodd.) PI. enl. 893. — Plotus surinamensis Gme/. ; Heliornis fulicarius Bonn.

Popica Less.

Bill like that of the last genus; but the Wings moderate, with the third, fourth, and fifth quills the
longest. Taal lengthened, rounded, and composed of long narrow feathers, with the shaft of each strong
at the base. Tursi shorter than the middle toe, and scutellated in front. Toes long, and margined with
a broad lobed membrane ; the lateral ones unequal; the hind toe long, and margined with a broad lobe ;
the claws short and curved.

The typical species is peculiar to Western Africa; its habits and manners are unknown.
YI 3

P. senegalensis (Vieill.) Less. Gal. des Ois. t. 280.

* Established by Bonnaterre (Encycl. Méthod. p. 64.) in 1790 ; and, in 1811, Illiger altered it to Podoa.
+ Established by M. Lesson in 1831 (Tr. d’Orn. p. 596.) ; and Rhigelura of Wagler (1832) is coequal.

December, 1844.

; SISUBIOOIUAL

FOICOI

13 j1re7F [ep we ur qy

_MCZ LIBRARY
HARVARD UNIVERSITY

CAMBRIDGE. MA USA

Order VIII. ANSERES.

The third Family,
ALCIDA&, or Avxs,

have the Bill more or less long, generally compressed on the sides; and the culmen usually curved to
the tip, which is sometimes hooked: the Wings generally short, and more or less imperfectly formed :
the Tail short and graduated: the Tarsi usually short and compressed: the Toes entirely webbed, with

the hind toe small or wanting.

The first Subfamily,
ALCIN &, or Auxs,

have the Bill more or less short, and much compressed on the sides, with the culmen and gonys keeled ;
the tip of the upper mandible acute and hooked; the Nostrils linear: the Wings more or less long and
perfectly formed, with the first quill the longest: the Tail short and graduated: the Tarsi short and

compressed: the Toes entirely webbed, with the hind toe wanting.

Auca Linn.*

Bill lengthened, basal half clothed with short plumes, and the apical half horny, much compressed ;
with the culmen keeled, curved, and hooked at the tip, that of the lower mandible curved downwards ;
and the gonys angulated and ascending; both mandibles, laterally, obliquely grooved; the nostrils
basal, on the lateral margin, and almost covered with the basal short plumes, with the opening linear
and narrow. Wings more or less long and pointed, with the first quill the longest. Yaz short
and graduated. Tarst much shorter than the middle toe, robust, and covered with small scales.
Toes entirely webbed, with the outer toe longer than the inner one; the claws short, curved, acute,

and slightly dilated on the margin.

The species are found in the northern latitudes, frequenting at certain seasons the more temperate parts of Europe.
They are sometimes noticed on the rocks, in the deep clefts of which the female deposits a single egg, without any
kind of nest. They live chiefly on the water, where they are very expert, swimming and diving with great rapidity.

* Linneus established this genus in 1744. Chenalopew of Meehring (1752), Pinguinus of Bonnaterre (1790), Diomedea of Scopoli
(1777), Pingouin of Cuvier (1799—1800), and Utamania of Leach (1816) are synonymous.

ALCIN AL.

The length of their wings does not admit of much power of flight, except in the case of the second species, in which it
is rapid and heavy, being performed just above the surface of the water by quickly repeated movements of the wings.
They feed on various kinds of small fish and other marine animals.

1. A. impennis Linn, PI). enl. 867., Edw. Birds, pl. 147.— Alea 2. A. torda Linn. PI. en), 1003., Edw. Birds, pl. 358.— Alea
major Briss. Gould, B. of Eur. pl. 400., Audub. B. of Amer. pl. | pica Linn.; A. minor Briss, Gould, B. of Eur. pl. 401., Audub.
841. B. of Amer, pl. 214.; Type of Utamania Leach (1816).

FratrercuLta Briss.*

Bill short, entirely horny, extremely elevated at the base, and very much compressed on the sides,
with the culmen arched and acutely keeled to the tip, which is hooked; both mandibles transversely
grooved, and the gonys projecting upwards and keeled; the nostrils basal, and placed near the
lateral margin, with the opening linear and narrow. Wings moderate and pointed, with the first
quill the longest. Jail short and rounded. Tarsi shorter than the toes, compressed, and covered
with small scales. oes webbed, the outer toe nearly as long as the middle; the claws short and

curved. <A dilated naked skin at the gape of the mouth.

The species are inhabitants of the high latitudes, but perform periodical migrations to the more temperate regions,
keeping always near the shore, and at night concealing themselves in the clefts of rocks or burrows. Their flight is
heavy and rather quick, but only for a short distance at a time, and always near the surface of the water, which they
sometimes strike with their feet to assist them in their progress. While on the water their speed is remarkably quick,
and when alarmed or seeking food they expertly dive beneath the surface. Their food principally consists of mollusca
and sometimes of crustaceous animals. ‘They generally excavate a hole by means of their bill and claws to the depth
of two or three feet, at the further end of which the female usually deposits a single egg on the bare ground.

1. F. arctica (Linn.) PI. enl. 275.— Mormon fratercula Temm. ; 3 F. corniculata (Naum.) Isis, 1821, p. 782. t. 7. f. 3, 4., Kittl.
Alca Jabradoria Gme/. Gould, B. of Eur. pl. 403., Audub. B. of | Kupf. Nat. Vég.t.1. f. 1.
Amer. pl. 213., Pall. Zoogr. ii. p. 363. t.83., Isis, 1821, p. 783. 4. F. cirrhata (Gmel.) Pl. enl. 761., Pall. Spic. Zool. v. t. 1.

t. 7. FooglOnT. & 5., Vieill. Gal. des Ois. t. 299., Pall. Zoogr. ii. p. 363. t. 82.,
2, F. glacialis (Leach), Gould, B. of Eur. pl. 404., Audub. B. of | Isis, 1821, p.781. t. 7. f. 1., Audub. B. of Amer. pl. 249., Kitt.

Amer, pl. 293., Isis, 1821, p.'782. t. 7. £,2. Kupf. Nat. Vég. t. 1. f.2.—Type of Lunda Pall. (1811?)

* Established by Brisson in 1760. Mormon of Illiger (1811), Lunda of Pallas (1811?), Gymnoblepharum and Ceratoblepharum
of M. Brandt (1837) are synonymous.

December, 1847.

ee —_ — \

FHATERCULA
corniculata (Noun

MCZ LIBRARY _
__ HARVARD UNIVERSITY
CAMBRIDGE. MA USA
Rodi P ‘

Order VIII. ANSERES. Family III. Atcip.

The second Subfamily,

PHALERIDIN &, or Srarixis,

have the Bill short, broad at the base, with the sides gradually compressed, and the culmen curved to the
tip, which is emarginated; the lower mandible grooved on the sides, and the gonys ascending; the
Nostrils lateral, and pierced in the bony covering of the broad nasal groove, with the opening linear:
the Wings moderate and pointed: the Tail short and rounded: the Tarsi short, compressed, and
covered with small scales: the Toes three, and all united together by an entire membrane: the Claws

moderate, compressed, and acute.

Puateris Temm.*

Sill shorter than the head, broad at the base, and slightly depressed, with the culmen curved, and the
sides gradually compressed to the tip, which is emarginated ; the base of the lateral margins inflexed ;
the gonys keeled and curved upwards to the tip, and the sides more or less grooved; the nostrils lateral,
placed in a broad groove, and enclosed by a hard covering, with the opening linear and exposed.
Wings rather short and pointed, with the first quill the longest. Taz/ short and rounded. Tarsz shorter
than the middle toe, compressed, and covered with small regular scales. Toes long, and the anterior
ones united together by an entire web; the inner toe shorter than the outer; the claws moderate,

compressed, and curved.

The species are found in the Arctic regions, and especially in the islands that lie between China and North America.
They live in small flocks, swimming with ease and dexterity while in quest of their food, which consists of crustacea,
mollusca, and other marine animals; as the night approaches they seek the shore, where under the ledges of the rocks,
or in burrows dug with their bill and feet, they retire to rest; and it is in such places that the female usually deposits a

single egg.

1. P. psittacula (Pall.) Spic. Zool. t. 2. and t. 5. f. 4., Zoogr. 5. P. eristatella (Pall.) Spic. Zool. t. 3. and t. 5. f.'7., Zoogr. t.
t. 84., Esch. Zool. Atlas, t. 17. — Type of Ombria Esch. (1829). | 86.— Type of Tyloramphus Brandt (1837).

2. P. tetracula (Pall.) Spic. Zool. t. 4. and t. 5.f.10., Zoogr. | 6. P. camtschatica (Lepech.) Nova Acta Petrop. xii. t. 8.—
t. 88. Mormon superciliosum Licht. Cat. Dupl. Berl. Mus. p. 89. ; Pha-

3. P. pygmea (Gmel.) — Uria pusilla Pall. Zoogr. t. 90. leris cristatellus Temm. Pl. col. 200.; Uria mystacea Pall. Zoogr.

4. P. nodirostra Pr. Bonap. Geogr. Comp. List Birds of Eur. | t. 89., Gal. des Ois. t. 237., Audub. B. of Amer. pl. 402.
and N. Amer. p. 66.— Cerorhyncha occidentalis Vigors, Audub. 7. P. dubia (Pall.) Zoogr. t. 87.
B. of Amer. pl. 402. f. .; Phaleris microceros Brandt ; Ph. cor- 8. P. aleutica ( Pall.) Zoogr. ii. p. 370. — Type of Ptychoram-
phus Brandt (1837).

niculata Esch. 2?

* Established by M. Temminck in 1820. It embraces Ombria of Eschscholtz (1829) (with which Cyelorrhynchus of Dr. Kaup, 1829,
is synonymous), Ptychoramphus and Tyloramphus of M. Brandt (1837).

PHALERIDIN A.

Crerornina Pr. Bonap.*

Bill shorter than the head, and much compressed, with the base covered by a membrane, surmounted
by a long, obtuse, horn-like process above each nostril; the culmen curved to the tip, which is
emarginated; the gonys curved upwards to the tip, which is turned downwards; the nostrils lateral, pierced
in the bony covering of the nasal groove, with the opening linear and exposed. Wings short and
pointed, with the first quill the longest. Yaz! very short, and rather rounded. Tuarsi one third shorter
than the middle toe, and rather compressed. oes long, the anterior ones united together by an entire

web; the claws moderate and compressed.

The typical species of this genus is found in the Northern Pacific, and on the islands situated between America and
Asia. Its habits and manners are very similar to those of the former genus.

C. occidentalis Pr. Bonap. Syn, Birds of U, States, p. 428.— Pha- | Atlas, t.12.; Alca monocerata Pall. Zoogr. ii. p. 362., Audub, B.
leris cerorhyncha Pr. Bonap. ; Chimerina cornuta Esch. Zool. | of Amer. pl. 402. f.

* Established by the Prince of Canino in 1828 (Syn. B. of U. States, p. 427.) ; in 1831 his Highness changed this word to Ceratorrhina.
Chimerina of Eschscholtz (1829) is synonymous.

February, 1848.

~

sraydersomry ro}

\\ oR Ppue uw)

UOT Af MAPSOAIMVOU
STY AH TPH d

INC COIL

morn

‘«

MCZ LIBRARY

HARVARD UNIV
CAMBRIDGE.

a
us

Valto

Printed by Hullmandel &

olf del et Lith

<

thc

JiivAs ace

RCl

EB

RAT

QD
hy

CAimpennis. 4

¢

Eee lee sul

2 CRRORHINA occidentahs.

ella.

RIS cristat

I PHALE

v

-MCZ LIBRARY

ERSITY

a

HARVARD UNIVERS
CAMBRIDGE. MA USA

Order VIII. ANSERES. Family III. Axcipz.

The third Subfamily,
SPHENISCIN &, or Pencuins,

have the Bill more or less long and straight, with the sides compressed and grooved, the culmen
rounded and curved at the tip, which is acute; the Nostrils placed in the lateral groove, and linear ;
the Wings short, imperfect, being only covered with scale-like plumes ; the Tail more or less short, and
composed of narrow rigid feathers; the Tarsi very short and depressed; the Toes moderate and
depressed, with the anterior toes united by a web; the hind toe very small, and united to the side of the
tarsus.

SpHeniscus Briss.*

Bill moderate, much compressed, and strong, with the culmen rounded and curved at the tip, which
is acute ; the tip of the lower mandible suddenly truncated, and the gonys moderate and curved upwards ;
the nostrils rather rounded, and placed in the lateral groove near the middle of the bill. Wings
imperfect, and covered with scale-like plumes. Tail very short. Tarsi very short, thick, flattened, and
covered with small scales. Toes long, the lateral ones unequal, and united to the middle toe by a web ;
the hind-toe very small, and united to the tarsus at the base of the inner toe; the claws long,

compressed, and slightly curved.

These birds are found on the rocks of the islands of the Southern Ocean, and the southern portions of South
America and Africa. They are frequently observed on the floating islands of ice that are scattered in that dreary
ocean. Their habits and manners are similar to those given in the next genus.

1. S. demersus (Linn.) Temm. Edwards’s Birds, pl. 94., PI. 3. S. Humboldtii Meyen, Nov. Acta, &c. xvi. t, 21.

enl. 382. 1005., Reg. Anim. (D’Orb.) Ois. t. 90. f. 3. | 4, ? S, chiloensis (Mol.) — Aptenodytes Moline Lath.
2. S. magellanicus (Forst.) Comment. Goett. iii. t. 5., Forst. Icon,
ined. 83., Descr, Anim. p. 351.

Eupyeres Vieill.+

Bill more or less long, straight, much compressed, and grooved on the sides, and the culmen rounded

and curved at the tip, which is acute; the end of the lower mandible truncated, and the gonys moderate

* Established by Brisson in 1760.

+ Established by Vieillot in 1816 (Analyse, Sc. p. 67.) : but in 1825 he used Brisson’s name of Cuturractes for the same series of
birds, and Chrysocoma of Mr. Stephens (1825) is coequal. It embraces Dasyramphus of MM. Hombron and Jacquinot (1846).

SPHENISCIN 2.

and advancing upwards ; the nostrils linear, placed in the lateral groove, which extends for three fourths
of the length of the bill; and the frontal plumes advancing to the opening. Wings imperfect. Tail long,
and composed of narrow rigid feathers. Tarsi very short, much flattened, and covered with small

seales. Toes long and strong, with the anterior ones united to the middle one by a web, the lateral

toes unequal, the outer the longest ; the hind toe very small, and united to the tarsus at the base of the

inner toe ; the claws strong,

compressed, and slightly curved.

These birds are found in the Southern Ocean, where they are observed scattered even in the most southern latitudes
in small parties in the open ocean, or are seen standing erect on the floating fields of ice, but as the breeding season
advances they approach the islands and mainland, at which time they frequent in immense flocks the rocks in the deep
bays and harbours, and sometimes at the mouths of salt-water rivers. Their power of swimming is very great; and they
are seen at times skipping continually in and out of the water, making their way with amazing speed, even amidst the
waves of the most troubled sea, by means of their fin-like wings, as well as with the assistance of their webbed feet. It
has been stated that they can dive even during the severest gale to the bottom of the sea, where, among beds of corals
and tracts of sea weeds, they move about in search of crustacea, small fish, and marine plants. The eggs, two in
number, are deposited in a slight depression on the ground, or in burrows on the sides of mounds of the tussac-grass.
They remain with their young for several months; the latter are clothed in down until they are nearly the size of
their parent, when they put on the adult plumage, which process is very suddenly performed. The parents take the
young birds off shore to teach them to swim, and often adopt some artifice when they refuse to take the water, such as
enticing them to the side of a rock, and pushing them in. They proceed with them for several successive days to the
distance of four or five miles, in order to accustom them to the element on which they are destined chiefly to live, until
they are sufficiently strong to endure the roughness of the sea, on which these birds have been observed at a distance of
more than three hundred miles from any land. Their cries are hoarse and discordant, and approach those of
certain quadrupeds.

1. E. chrysocome (Forst.) Comment. Goett. iii. t. 1.— Pingui- | 6. E. antipoda (Homb. & Jacq.) Ann. des Sci. Nat. 1841. p. 320.,
naria cristata Shaw, Nat. Mise. pl.437.; Aptenodytes catarractes | Voy. au Pole Sud, Ois. t.33. f.2., Voy. Ereb. & Terr. Birds, pl. 27.
Forst. Edwards's Birds, pl. 49.; Apt. gorfua Bonn. Pl. enl. 984. ? | 7. E. Adelia (Homb. & Jacq.) Ann. des Sci. Nat. 1841. p. 320.

2. E. chrysolophus Brandt, Bull. Sci. Acad. de St. Petersb. ii. | Voy. au Pole Sud, Ois, t. 33. f. 1., Voy. Ereb. & Terr. Birds, pl. 28.
p-314., Forst. Icon. ined. 80. — Pygoscelis brevirostris G. R. Gray; Type of Dasyramphus

3. E. antarctica (Forst.) Comment. Goett. iii. t. 4., Forst. Icon. | Homb. & Jacq. (1846).
ined. 82., Descr. Anim. p. 56., Voy. Ereb. & Terr. Birds, pl. 26. 8. E. minor (Forst.) Comment. Goett. iii. p. 147., Lath, Gen.

4, E. torquata (Forst.) Comment. Goett. iii. p. 146., Sonn, Voy. | Syn. pl.103., Forst. Icon. ined. 84, 85., Desc. Anim. p. 101., Gould,
t. 114. — Aptenodyta platyrhyngos Scop. B. of Austr. pl. — Apt. undina Gould ?

5. E. papua (Forst.) Comment. Goett. iii. t. 3., Sonn. Voy.t. | 9. E. brasiliensis (Licht.) Forst. Descr. Anim. p. 355.

115., Vieill. Gal. des Ois. t.299., Voy. Ereb. & Terr. Birds, 10. E. palpebrata (Licht.) Forst. Descr. Anim. p. 356.
pl. 25. 11. E. pachyrhynchus G. R. Gray, Voy. Ereb, & Terr, Birds, p. 17.

AptTEenNopyTeEs Forst.*

Bill longer than the head, rather slender, compressed on the sides, slightly bent at the end, with the
base of the upper mandible covered with short close-set plumes, and the side grooved to near the tip,
which is acute ; the lower mandible covered with a smooth naked skin; the nostrils linear, and placed
in the lateral groove. Wings imperfect, and covered with scale-like plumes. Tal very short, and

composed of narrow rigid feathers. Tarsz very short, flattened, and covered with short plumes. Toes

* Established by Forster in 1788 (Enchir. Hist. Nat. p. 38.). Spheniscus of Scopoli (1777), Apterodita of Gmelin (1788), and
Pinguinaria of Shaw are synonymous.

v C

SPHENISCIN 2.

rather short and depressed, the anterior ones united by a web ; the hind toe very small, and almost

entirely connected to the inner side of the tarsus; the claws large, depressed, and very slightly curved.

The species of this genus are found in high southern latitudes. Mr. G. Bennett has described particularly a colony
of these birds, which covers an extent of thirty or forty acres at the north end of Macquarrie Island, in the South
Pacific Ocean. The number of penguins collected together in this spot is immense, but it would be almost impossible
to guess at it with any near approach to truth, as, during the whole of the day and night, thirty or forty thousand of
them are continually landing, and an equal number going to sea. They are arranged, when on shore, in as compact a
manner, and in as regular ranks, as a regiment of soldiers, and are classed with the greatest order; the young birds being
in one situation, the moulting birds in another, the sitting hens in a third, the clean birds in a fourth, &c.; and so
strictly do birds in similar condition congregate, that, should a bird that is moulting intrude itself among those which
are clean, it is immediately ejected from among them. The females hatch the eggs by keeping them close between
their thighs; and, if approached during the time of incubation, move away, carrying the eggs with them. At this time
the male bird goes to sea and collects food for the female, which becomes very fat. After the young is hatched, both
parents go to sea, and bring home food for it ; it soon becomes so fat as scarcely to be able to walk, the old birds getting
very thin. They sit quite upright in their roosting-places, and walk in the erect position until they arrive at the beach,
when they throw themselves on their breasts, in order to encounter the very heavy sea met with at their landing-place.

1. Apt. Forsteri G. R. Gray, Ann. of Nat. Hist. 1844. p. 315. — 2. Apt. Pennantii G.R. Gray, Ann. of Nat. Hist. 1844. p.315. —
Aptenodytes patachonica Forst. Comment. Goett. iii. p. 137. ; Apt. | Patagonian Penguin, Penn. Phil. Trans. 58. pl.; Pinguinaria pata-
patagonica Forst. Icon. ined. 81., Descr. Anim. p. 347., Penn. Gen. | chonica Shaw, Nat. Misc. pl. 409., Reg. Anim (D'Orb.) Ois. t. 90.
of Birds, pl. 14., Mill. Illustr. pl. 20. f.1., Sonn. Voy. Ind. t.113?; Apt. longirostris Scop. ?

July, 1846.

Mtg yg snyoudyatyood
CALAAT QA

;

oe a ee, oe oe

MCZ LIBRARY
HARVARD UNIVERSITY
CAMBRIDGE. MA USA

Hulimandel & Walton lathographers

1.EUDYPTES chrysolophus. 2. APTENODYTES Forster. 3. SPHENISCU:

(Gp)
We
i@)
B
@
4
107)
ros]
U

Order VIII. ANSERES. Family III. Aca.

The fourth Subfamily,
URIN A&A, or GuiILLEemots,

have the Bill moderate, more or less slender and strong, with the culmen curved, and the sides com-
pressed to the tip, which is emarginated ; the Nostrils basal, and placed in a broad groove, more or less
clothed with plumes, with the opening exposed: the Wings rather short, and pointed: the Tail short and
rounded: the Tarsi short, more or less compressed: the Toes moderate, and the anterior ones united by
a broad web; the outer toe as long as the middle toe, the hind toe wanting: the Claws short and

curved.

BracHyrHampunus Brandt.*

Bill rather short, straight, and strong, with the culmen elevated at the base, arched, and the sides
much compressed to the tip, which is emarginated ; the gonys long and ascending; the lateral margins
inflexed ; the nostrils lateral, pierced in a groove, which is clothed with short plumes, leaving the
Tail

Tarsi shorter than the middle toe, compressed, and covered with small scales.

opening anteriorly and exposed. Wings moderate and pointed, with the first quill the longest.
very short and rounded.
Toes moderate, with the outer toe as long as the middle one, and all united by a broad web; the claws

short, compressed, and acute.

It is between the north-western coast of America and the opposite coast of Asia that the species which compose

this genus are found. Their habits and manners are like those of the next genus.

I. B. marmoratus (Lath.) Brandt, Lath. Gen. Syn. vi. pl. 96. | 4. B. Kittlitzii Brandt, Bull. Acad. Sci. Imp. St. Petersb.

(juv.), Arct. Zool. pl. 22. Cepphus perdix Pal/. Zoogr. t. 80. ;
Uria Townsendii Audub. B. of Amer. pl. 430.; U. brevirostris
Vigors, Zool. Journ. iv. p.357.; Type of Anobapton Brandt
(1837).

2. B. Wrangelii Brandt, Bull. Acad. Sci. Imp. St. Petersb. ii.
p- 346.

St. Petersb. ii. p. 346.

ii. p. 346.

5. B. antiquus (Gmel.) Audub. B. of Amer. pl. 402. f. .—
Uria senicula Pall, Zoogr. t.85.; Type of Synthliborhamphus
Brandt (1837).

6. B. Temminckit Brandt. — Uria Wurmizusume Temm. PI.

| col. 579.
3. B. brachypterus (Kittl.) Brandt, Bull. Acad. Sci. Imp. |

Ura Mehr.+

Bill moderate, straight, and strong, with the culmen slightly curved, and the sides compressed to the

tip, which is emarginated ; the gonys long and ascending; the nostrils lateral, placed in a groove, which

* Established by M. Brandt in 1837 (Bull. Acad. Sci. Imp. St. Petersb.). Anobapton and Synthliborhamphus of the same author are

subgeneric names of the same genus.
+ Established by Meehring in 1752.

Grylle of M. Brandt (1837) is synonymous,

It embraces Cataractes of Mcehring (1752), with

which Uria of Brisson (1760) and Lomvia of Brandt (1837) are coequal.

URIN A.

is more or less clothed, with the opening longitudinal and exposed. Wings short and pointed, with the
first quill longest. Zai/ very short. Tavs? shorter than the middle toe, much compressed, and covered
with small scales. 7oes moderate, and all united by a broad web; with the outer toe as long as the

middle one; the claws short, compressed, and acute.

The species of this genus are inhabitants of the Arctic seas, whence they migrate during the winter to the more
temperate regions. They are most usually noticed near the sea coast, swimming and diving, even beneath the ice, with the
greatest facility ; in the latter operation they assist themselves by means of their wings. Their flight is short, rapid, and
generally performed near the surface of the water, and they walk on the land with great difficulty; they feed chiefly on
fish and other marine productions. The egg, which is single and of large size, is usually deposited by these birds in
society, on the ledges on the summits of precipitous rocks overhanging the sea, without any nest.

1. U. grylle (Linn.) Lath. Edwards’s Birds, pl. 50.— Cepphus | Briinn. Choris Voy. Pittor. t. 20., Gould, B. of Eur. pl. 396,
columba Pall. ; Colymbus marmoratus Fritsch ; C. lacteolus Pall.; | 397., Audub. B. of Amer. pl. 318.; Type of Cataractes Mehr.
Uria balthicus et U. grylloides Briinn. Gould, B. of Eur. pl. 399., | (1752).

Choris Voy. Pittor. t. 22., Gal. des Ois. t. 294., Audub. B. of 5. U. Briimnichii Sabine, Linn. Trans. xii. p. 539.— Uria

Amer. pl. 219.; Uria scapularis Steph. Franesii Leach ; U. Troile Briinn.; Alcea pica Faber ; Cepphus
2, U. Mandtii Licht. Cat. Dupl. Berl. Mus. p. 88. arra Pall. Gould, B. of Eur. pl. 398., Choris Voy. Pittor. t. 21.,
8. U. carbo (Pall.) Brandt, Zoogr. p. 350. t. 79. Audub. B. of Amer. pl. 235.

4. U. Troile (Linn.) Lath. Pl. enl. 903., Edwards’s Birds, 6. U. ringvia Briinn. Orn. Bor. p. 27. — Uria lacrymans Lepy.
pl. 350. f. 1. — Colymbus minor Gmel.; Uria swarbag et U. lomvia | Gould, B. of Eur. pl., Choris Voy. Pittor. t. 23.

Arctica Meahr.*

Bill shorter than the head, and broader than high at the base, with the culmen curved, and the sides
compressed at the tip, which is emarginated; the gonys short and ascending; the nostrils basal, and
placed in a short, broad, membranous groove, with the opening near the middle, and sub-lunate. Wings
rather short and pointed, with the first quill the longest. Taz! short and rather rounded. Tas? shorter
than the middle toe, slightly compressed, and covered with small scales. Toes long, and all united by a
broad web, with the outer toe nearly as long as the middle one; the claws moderate, compressed, and
sharp.

The species are found in the northern regions, migrating to the more temperate parts during the winter. Their
habits are very similar to those of the preceding genus.

1. A. alle (Linn.) Pl. enl. 917., Edwards's Birds, pl. 91., Gal. des 2. A. cirrocephalus (Vigors), Zool. Beechey’s Voy. p. 33.
Ois. t. 295. — Alcea candida Briinn. Wils. Amer. Orn. pl. 74. f. 5., 3. A. Cassinii Gamb. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 1846. p. 266.
Gould, B. of Eur. pl. 402., Audub. B. of Amer. pl. 339. ; Mergu- .
lus melanoleucos Steph.

* It was in 1752 that Meehring established this genus. Mergulus of Vieillot (1816) is synonymous.

August, 1848.

U2 SYNOYWO
SAHIN VUAHIV LL

sroyderg omtyT UOIEN\ [epue UM]

AY 2° TP JOM

aes

te

MCZ LIBRARY
HARVARD UNIVERSITY
CAMBRIDGE. MA USA

Order VIII. ANSERES.

The fourth Family,

PROCELLARID A, or Perrets,

have the Bill more or less lengthened, straight, more or less compressed, and grooved as if composed
of several pieces, with the tip strong, arched, suddenly hooked and acute, and the nostrils tubular and

exposed.

The first Subfamily,

PROCELLARIN &, or Perrets proper,

have the Nostrils placed on the basal portion of the culmen, tubular, and generally opened in
front. ;

Petecanores Lacep.*

Bill shorter than the head, broad at the base, and much depressed ; the sides swollen, grooved, and
gradually compressed towards the tip, which is lengthened, compressed, arched, and acute: the lower
mandible broad at the base, and suddenly compressed at the tip, which is, with the gonys, arched and
acute; the sides longitudinally grooved and deep; beneath is placed a membranous pouch, capable of
extension : the nostrils basal, one fourth the length of the bill, flattened above, and forming two
lengthened, sublinear, exposed apertures, placed side by side on the surface. Wings very short, with
the first two quills nearly equal and longest. Taz! short and rounded. Tarsi rather shorter than the
middle toe, laterally compressed, and covered with small scales. Toes long; the outer nearly as long
as the middle toe ; the hind toe and claw wanting.

Inhabit the coasts of New Zealand, Australia, and the southern parts of South America. They are generally
observed in troops on the surface of the water near the shores, or on the inland seas, diving very frequently with con-
siderable rapidity after their prey, which is supposed to consist of small fish. They fly during the evening moderately
well in a straight line, by the rapid movement of their short wings. If the Patagonian species is disturbed during the
day, while on the water, it generally dives to a distance, and, on coming to the surface, with the same movement
takes flight : having flown some distance, it drops like a stone on the water, as if struck dead, and instantaneously dives
again.

1. P. uwrinatriv (Gmel.). — Procellaria tridactyla Forst. Icon. 2. P. Berardii (Quoy & Gaim.) Voy. de l'Uranie, Zool. pl. 31.,

ined. t. 88. Pl. col. 517.
| 3. P. Garnotii (Less.) Voy. de la Coqu. Zool. pl. 46.

* This is coequal with Haladroma of Mliger, 1811, and Puffinuria of M. Lesson, 1831. Lac*péde’s name, however, appeared in the
Meém, de V Institut, p. 517., between 1800 and 1801.

PROCELLARIN JL.

Purrinus Briss.*

Bill as long as, or shorter than, the head, slender, much compressed, and grooved obliquely on the
sides ; the tip lengthened, arched, suddenly hooked and acute: the lower mandible somewhat shorter
than the upper, with the apical margin and gonys equally curved with the upper, the latter angulated
beneath, and the sides longitudinally grooved: the nostrils basal, elevated above the culmen, opening
obliquely in two tubes, placed side by side. Wings long, slender, somewhat acute, with the first quill
the longest. 7wil moderate and rounded, composed of twelve feathers. Legs moderate, with the apical
part of the tibia naked. Zarsi compressed and equal in length to the middle toe. All the Toes long,
the outer equal with the middle one, the inner shortest, and the lateral toes margined exteriorly by a
narrow membrane.

Invariably seen at sea in both hemispheres, seeking their food during the evening or in dark and tempestuous days
among the breakers, or even diving after their prey, which consists of putrid fish and marine worms. They possess
great power of flight, which enables them to keep on the wing for several days; and they haye also a remarkable mode
of running along the surface of the waves, when in search of food. They breed in company, in burrows made either
by small animals or with their own sharp claws. They lay but one egg, and the young are covered with long down.

1. P. major Faber, Stor. deg. Ucc. pl. 366., Kuhl, Monogr. t.11.| 8. P. chlororhynchus Less. Tr. d’Orn, 613.— Puff. sphenurus

f. 12. — Proc. Puffinus Zinn. Pl. enl. 962., Kuhl t. 11. f. 10.; Proce. | Gould ; Proc. carbonaria Sol. MS. ?

grisea Gmel. Forst. Icon. ined. t.94.; Puff. fuliginosus Strick. ; | 9. P. carnipes Gould, Ann, Nat. Hist. 1844. 365.

Puff. cinereus A. Smith, Ill. S. Afr. Zool. pl. 56. 10. P. Anglorum Ray, Edwards’s Birds, t. 359. — Proc. Puffinus
2. P. leucomelas Temm. PI. col. 587. Briin. ; Puff. areticus Faber.
3. P. sericeus Less. Man. d’Orn. p. 402. 11. P. obscwrus (Gmel.) Kuhl, Monogr. t. 11. f.11., Vieill. Gal.
4, P. tenuirostris Temm. PI. col. des Ois. t. 301.—Proc. yeleouan Acerbi; Puff. L’Herminieri Less.
5. P. pacificus (Gmel.).— Nectris fuliginosus Sol. MS. Banks’s 12, P. cinereus (Gmel.).— Proc. inexpectata Forst. Icon. ined. t.

Icon. ined. t 23.; Proc. fuliginosa Kuhl, sp. 27. 92.; Proc. melanura Bonn.; Type of Priofinus Homb. et Jacq.
6. P. munda (Sol.) Banks’s Icon. ined. t.24.— Proc. munda | 1844.

Kul. 13. P. equinoctialis (Linn.) Edwards’s Birds, pl. 89. — Proc. con-
7. P. assimilis Gould, Proc. Z. S. 1837. 156.—Nectris nugax | spicillata Gould ; Proc. fuliginosa Sol. MS. Banks's Icon. ined.

Sol. MS. t. 19., White's Journ. pl. p. 252.; Proc. atlantica Gould.

‘THALASSIDROMA Vigors.+

Bill shorter than the head, slender, weak, the sides much compressed and slightly grooved, with the
tip suddenly hooked and acute ; the lower mandible shorter than the upper, the tip arched, with the
gonys hardly angular beneath; the nostrils elevated above the culmen at its base, tubular, with a
single aperture in front. Wings long and pointed, with the first quill shorter than the third, and the
second the longest. Tail emarginated, or more or less forked. Legs long, slender, with the naked
space of the tibia extensive. Tarsi longer than the middle toe. All the Zoes rather short, the outer
one nearly equal with the middle, and the inner the shortest ; the hind toe only in the form of a trian-
gular claw.

These small birds may be seen during their irregular rapid flight skimming the surface of the sea in both hemispheres,
or resting their light bodies on the top of the water, floating with the waves; during heavy gales they are most
active, and appear to walk with their wings expanded on the top of the waves. ‘They feed on small marine animals
and sea weeds, and will follow ships an immense distance for any greasy substances that may be thrown overboard by
the sailors. They remain during clear weather concealed in holes or burrows, and only come forth during twilight.

* Established by Brisson (Ornithologie) in 1760: yet three other names have been proposed, viz. Thiellus Gloger, 1827; Nectris
(Forst.) Kuhl, 1820 ; Cymotomus Macgill. 1842; and, in 1844, MM. Hombron and Jacquemont gave that of Priofinus for two of the
species.

a Mr. Vigors proposed (Zoological Journal) this name in 1825, being unacquainted with the fact that M. Boie had separated these
birds under that of Hydrobates in 1822, which name, however, cannot be adopted, as it had been previously used by Vieillot. It embraces
the Prince of Canino’s subgenus Bulweria, which was established in 1842, and also Oceanites of Count Keyserling and M. Blasius,
which was proposed in 1840,

E

‘

PROCELLARIN 2.

They breed in society, in holes of rocks that overhang the sea, where they deposit one or two eggs.

The young are

fed with oily substances which the parents throw off their stomachs.

1. Th. pelagica (Linn.) Vigors, Pr. Bonap. Journ. Phil. 1824.
t. vill. t. vill. f. 1. f. la.

2. Th. melitensis Schemb. Cat. Orn. del Gruppo di Malta, p.
118.

3. Th. oceanica Kuhl, Monogr. t. 10. f. 1., Banks’s Icon. ined.
t.12.—Proc. pelagica Wils. Amer. Orn. pl. 60. f. 1.; Th. Wil-
sonii Pr. Bonap. Journ. Phil. t. ix. t. viii. f. 3. 3a.

4, Th. furcata (Gmel.) — Proc. orientalis? Pall. ; Th. cinerea
Gould.

5. Th. Leachii (Temm.) Pr. Bonap. Journ. Phil. t. ix. t. viii.
f. 2. 2a.— Proc. Bullockii Selby; Proc. leucorrhea Vieill. 2

6. ? Th. fuliginosa (Gmel.).

7. Th. fregetta (Sol.) Kuhl, Monogr. t. 10. f. 3., Banks’s Icon. |

ined. t. 14. — Proc. grallaria Vieill.?; Th. tropica Gould ; Th. leu-
cogaster Gould.
8. Th. grallaria (Licht.) Cat. Dupl. Berl. Mus. No. 764.— Proc.
oceanica Pr. Bonap.; Th. melanogaster Gould; Proc. fregetta var.
| Sol. MS. Pl. enl. 993? ?

9. Th. Nereis Gould, Proc. Z. S. 1840. 178.

10. Th. marina (Linn.) Kuhl, Monogr. t. 10. f. 2., Vieill. Gal.
des Ois. t. 292. — Proc. equorea Sol. MS. Banks’s Icon. ined. t. 13.;
Proc. hypoleuca Webb & Berth. ?

11. Th. Bulwert (Jard. & Selby) Gould, Jard. and Selby’s
Ill. Orn. t. 65.— Proc. anjinko Hein.; Proc. (Puffinus) columbina
Webb & Berth. Orn. Canar. p. 45. pl. 4. f. 2.; Type of Bulweria
Pr. Bonap. (1842).

ProceLLaria Linn.*

Bill as long as, or shorter than, the head, more or less broad at the base (varying in the sexes) ; the

sides more or less compressed towards the tip, which is more or less compressed, much elevated and
arched, lengthened, and acute: the lower mandible shorter than the upper, with the tip and gonys arched
and acute: the nostrils tubular, horny, varying in length from one fourth to nearly two thirds of the
length of the bill, with the aperture single, frontal, and crescent-shaped. Wings long, pointed, with the
first quill the longest. Legs with the apical part of the
thigh hardly naked. Tursi shorter than the middle toe, laterally compressed, and covered with small
scales. Toes long, with the outer as long as the middle one, the inner shortest, and all united by a
full web; the lateral toes margined exteriorly, the hind toe in the form of a large subtriangular
claw.

Tail moderate, rounded or wedge-shaped.

These birds live in the higher latitudes of both hemispheres during the summer, and, as the winter approaches,
migrate in numerous flocks to the more temperate seas. They are rarely seen near the shores, regardless of the
heavy sea and gales. Their flight is usually rapid and continuous, or in graceful curves near the surface of the sea,

‘seeking fish, the blubber of whales, and other marine animals on which they prey ; and the large species has been noticed

killing small petrels and young gulls, for the purpose of feeding on their hearts and livers. In holes that overhang the
sea, the female lays one very large egg. The young are fed with oily substances, which the parents throw off from

their stomachs for that purpose.

1. P. gigantea Gmel. Lath. Syn. t. 100., Banks’s Icon. ined. t. 17.
— Type of Ossifraga Homb, & Jacq. (1844).

2. P. glacialis Linn. Pl. enl. 59., Kuhl, Monogr. t. 10. f. 4.— |

Pree. hiemalis Brehm.; Type of Fulmarus Leach (1816).

3. P. glacialoides A. Smith, Ill. S. Afr. Zool. pl. 51., Forst. Icon.
ined. t. 91.—Proc. tenuirostris Audub.

4. ? P. pacifica Audub. Orn. Biogr. v. p. 331.

5. P. melanopus Gmel.— Proc. mollis Gould?; Proc. grisea Kuhl,
Monogr. t. 11 f. 9.

6. P. leucoptera Gould, Ann. Nat. Hist. 1844. 364.

7. P. desolata Gmel. Kuhl, Monogr. t. 11. f. 7.— Proc. fasciata
Bonn.

8. P. alba Gmel.— Proc. variegata Bonn.

9. ? P. grisea Bonn. Ency. Méth. 75.; Phil. Voy. pl. p. 161.

10. P. sandaliata Sol. MS. Banks’s Icon. ined. t. 20., Kuhl, |

Monogr. sp. 21 (without specific name).

11. P. gelida Gmel.

12. P. hesitata Kuhl, Temm. PI. col. 416., Forst. Icon. ined.
t. O97?

13. P. Lessonii Garn. Ann. des Sc. Nat. vii. pl. 4. — Proce. leuco-
cephala Forst. Icon. ined. t. 98.; P. vagabunda Sol. WS.

* Established by Linneus in (Systema Nature) 1748.

14. P. antaretica Gmel. Forst. Icon. ined. t. 95.

15. P. fuliginosa Kuhl, Monogr. sp. 12 t. 10. f. 6.

16. P. macroptera A. Smith, Ill. S. Afr. Zool. pl. 52.

17. P. Solandri Gould, Ann. Nat. Hist. 1844. 363.— Proc. me-
lanopus So/. MS.

18. P. brevirostris Less. Man. d’Ornith. p. 611.— Proc. lugens
Sol. MS.?, Banks’s Icon. ined. t. 22?

19. P. nivea Gmel. Forst. Icon. ined. t. 89, 90.

20. P. Cookii G. R. Gray, Faun. in Dieffenb. New Zealand.—
Proc. velox Sol, MS. ?, Banks’s Icon. ined. t. 16.

21. P. Turtur Sol. MS. A. Smith Ill. S. Afr. Zool. pl. 54., Banks’s
| Icon. ined. t. 15., Kuhl, Monogr. t. 11. f. 8.

22. P. cerulea Gmel.— Proc. Forsteri A. Smith, Ill. S. Afr. Zool.

| pl. 54., Banks’s Icon. ined. t. 86.

23. P. capensis Linn. Pl. enl. 964.— Type of Daption Steph.
(1825).

24, ? P. Garnotii (Homb. & Jacq.).—Type of Priocella Homb.
§ Jacq. (1844).

25. P. flavirostris Gould, Ann. Nat. Hist. 1844. 365.

Leach used Fulmarus in 1816; Kaup, in 1829, Rhantistes; Mr. Stephens

proposed Daption for some of the species in 1825; and, in 1844, MM. Hombron and Jacquemont added Ossifraga and Priocella.

PROCELLARIN A.

Prion Lacep.*

Bill the length of the head, very broad at the base, depressed above ; culmen nearly straight, laterally
swollen, but gradually compressed towards the tip, which is arched, elevated, compressed, and acute ; the
lateral margins dilated near the base, with a series of very fine lamine running along the whole length
internally rather above the margin: the lower mandible broad at the base, gradually compressed towards
the tip, which is much compressed, with the margin and gonys arched: the nostrils basal, tubular, elevated
above the culmen, short, opening with two apertures in front. Wings moderate, pointed, with the first
quill nearly equalling the second, which is the longest. Tail moderate, broad, and rounded at the
end. Tarsi shorter than the middle toe, laterally compressed, and covered with small scales. The outer
Toe nearly as long as the middle, and the hind toe nearly in the form of a broad, short, pointed claw.

They are generally observed between the 35th and 70th degrees of south latitude. They are wild and solitary in
their habits, and constantly seen on the wing, with an extremely rapid flight, though sometimes going in numerous
flocks. Their nests are placed in society, in burrows of about a yard deep, that are excavated in the hill sides, at a
distance even of half a mile from the sea shore. The eggs are white, elongated, and of the size of those of a pigeon.

1. P. vittata (Gmel.) Forst. Icon. ined. t. 87., Kuhl, Monogr. 2. P. Banksii A. Smith, Ill. 8. Afr. Zool. t. 55.

t. 11. f. 18.—Pachyptila Forsteri Jard. & Selby, Ill. Orn, t. 47.

* Lacépéde proposed (Mém. del Inst. p. 514.) this generic name in 1800 or 1801, which Illiger changed to Pachyptila in 1811.

June, 1844.

PIR © GIG ILILAIRIINAS .

THALASSTDROMA
Jurcala Cm

MCZ LIBRARY

ft
wn
D
<x
=

IVERSITY.

DGE.

HARVARD UN
CAMBRI

Order VIII. ANSERES.

Family IV. Procerrariw.

The second Subfamily,
DIOMEDEIN &, or Axsatrosses,

have the Nostrils short, tubular, widest anteriorly, and placed near the base of the lateral groove.

Diomepea Linn.*

Bill longer than the head, very robust, straight ; the sides compressed and longitudinally grooved,
with the tip greatly curved and acute; the lateral margins dilated and curved; the culmen broad,
convex, and rounded : the lower mandible weak, compressed, with the tip truncated: the nostrils placed
near the base, in the lateral groove, covered by a tube which is short, widening and spreading an-
teriorly from the side of the bill, with the aperture somewhat rounded and open in front. Wings very
long, very narrow, with the second quill the longest. Zaz short and rounded. Legs short, strong,
with the tarsi one fourth shorter than the middle toe, and the inner toe the shortest. The two lateral
Toes margined exteriorly by a narrow membrane; the web between the toes full and entire ; the hind
toe and claw entirely wanting: the claws short and obtuse.

These, the largest of marine birds, are found throughout both hemispheres, but more especially in the neighbourhood
of Cape Horn, the Cape of Good Hope, and the Southern Ocean generally. They are seen sometimes at a great dis-
tance from land, skimming the surface of the water with great rapidity or resting on the sea. During strong gales and
stormy weather, they soar in the higher region of the air; but, during calm weather, they can, it is stated, walk on the
surface, with hardly any assistance from their wings, and the noise of their tread is heard at a considerable distance.
They feed most voraciously on fish, especially those capable, from the large size of their fins, of leaping above the
surface of the sea, also on mollusca and gelatinous animals. To such an extent do they gorge themselves, that they
are frequently unable either to fly or toswim; and in this state they are often attacked by gulls and other seabirds, who
compel them to disgorge their food, that it may be caught by their feathered enemies.

Their nests are built on the islands of the South Seas, of clay mixed with vegetable remains, in a round form, and
two or three feet high; they deposit only one very large egg. The parent is said to provide for her offspring during
the space of nine months.

1. D. exulans Linn. Pl. enl. 237.—D. epomophora? Less. Ma- 7. D. fuliginosa Gmel. Pl. col. 469.—D. antarctica Banks,

nuel d’Orn. 11. 351.

2. D. spadicea Gmel. Banks’s Icon. ined. t. 25.

3. D. melanophrys Temm. PI. col. 456.

4. D. cauta Gould, Proc. Z. 8. 1840. 177.

5. D. chlororhyncha Gmel. Lath. Syn. t. 94., Pl. col. 468.—D.
profuga Banks, Icon. ined. t. 27.; D. chrysostoma Forst. Icon. ined.
t. 100, 101.

6. D. eulminata Gould, Proc. Z. S. 1843. 107.

Icon. ined. t. 26.; D. palpebrata Forst. Icon. ined. t. 102. ; D. fusca
Audub. B. of Am. pl. 407.

8. D. brachywra Temm. PI. col.554. Pl. enl. 963.—D. chinen-
sis Temm.*

9. D. nigripes Audub. Orn. Biogr. v. 327.—D. gibbosa Gould,
Ann. Nat. Hist. 1844. p. 361.

10. D, olivaceorhyncha Gould, Ann. Nat. Hist. 1844. p. 361.

* It was in (Systema Nature) 1756 that Linneus adopted this name for the genus, while Brisson in 1760 used that of Albatrus.

June, 1844.

: , moe
| Sate) Lata es

a B25 ~ 7 > _
yi) ee
; o<5 ES Pe eke ta
“a > and = i —y! ; A, _
; eG . i “4 Wf bay? f < al the Pa

PCle ER Qua be

i . b é ly . , aed a + i

a a ;
¥ ry * ,

: 44-2 ¥. yt «i i) ise ° a
. ‘ iy = 3 + — 7 : :
: "a Li 2 ot alt "Ake

° e $j A) a
arr TF Oe ay &

'
=
9 e4)
oi ot
= .
j Ws:
ae
ee |
oA

i
’
i
~~
= °
3
ss*
, as
a + aaa
' a ' -
2
; 5

-———_
PPWOD PYOUMLPND
FAMCANWOLd

. MCZ LIBRARY
HARVARD UNIVERSITY
CAMBRIDGE. MA USA

t

y
at
‘~
4

1}

> ea |

4
)
4

> ee
ue!
a ous
. * ie :

~
a

MCZ LIBRARY —
HARVARD UNIVERSITY
CAMBRIDGE. MA USA

Order VIII. ANSERES.

The fifth Family,

LARID~€, or Gutts,

have the Bill of various forms, more or less straight, and compressed on the sides ; the Nostrils lateral,
generally longitudinal, and submedial ; the Wings lengthened and pointed; the Tail more or less
long, and of various forms; the Tarsi generally moderate, strong, and covered in front with transverse
scales; the Toes moderate, with the anterior ones united by a full web; the hind toe usually short and

elevated.

The first Subfamily,

LARIN&, or GuLts,

have the Bill more or less lengthened, straight, compressed on the sides, with the culmen straight at the
base and curved to the tip, which is acute; the Nostrils lateral, submedial, and oblong; the Wings
lengthened and pointed; the Tail moderate and usually even; the Tarsi moderate and strong ; the

Toes moderate, the fore toes united by a web, and the hind toe generally short and elevated.

Srercorarius Briss.*

Bill moderate, straight, and strong, with the culmen straight, rounded, and covered with a
membranous or bony cere; the apex curved, vaulted, and strong; the gonys much angulated and
ascending; the nostrils placed in the fore part of the cere, narrow, and enlarging anteriorly. Wings
lengthened and pointed, with the first quill the longest. Tail moderate and rounded, with the two
centre feathers sometimes lengthened. Tarsi longer than the middle toe, strong, and covered in front
with strong scales. Toes moderate and strong, the anterior ones united by a full web ; the hind toe

very small, and hardly elevated.

These bold and tyrannical birds are usually seen in pairs, far out at sea, in the higher Jatitudes of both hemispheres.
Their flight is elevated, and performed in circles, especially when watching some object which has attracted their
attention. They attack, while on the wing, other birds, as terns, gulls, and even the albatross, causing them to drop or
disgorge their food, which they seize before it reaches the water. At other times they feed on the floating carcasses
of cetaceous animals, as well as eggs and young sea birds. Their nests are formed in companies, of coarse grass, on rocks

or on the sands. The eggs are generally one or two in number.

* Brisson established (Ornithologie) this genus in 1760. Catarracta (1764) of Briinnich, Lestris (1811) of Mlliger, and Predatrix
(1816) of Vieillot, are coequal with the name employed. It is supposed to be Buphagus of Mcehring (1752).

LARIN AS.

1. 8. parasiticus (Briinn.) Orn, Bor. 127. — Catarractes parasita | Meyer, Gould, B. of Eur. pl. 440., Audub. B. of Amer. pl. 258. ;
Pall.: Westris Richardsoni Swains. Gould, B. of Eur. pl. 44., Stercorarius Lessonii Degland. ?

Audub. B. of Amer. pl. 272. 4, S. eatarrhactes (Linn. ) — Catarracta skua Brinn, Gould, B.
2, S. cephus (Briinn.) Orn, Bor. 126., Pl. enl. 991. 762.— | of Eur. pl. 439.; Larus fuscus Briss.; Stercorarius pomarinus

Lestris parasiticus Swains. ; L. crepidatus Temm.; L. Buffoni Boie, | Vieill. Gal. des Ois. t. 288.

Gould, B. of Eur. pl. 442., Audub. B. of Amer. pl. 267. 5. 8. antarcticus (Less.) — Lestris cataractes Quoy & Gaim,

3. S. pomarinus Temm. Man. d’Orn, ii. p., Briss. Orn, vi. t. 13. f. | Voy. de l’Uranie, Ois. t. 38.

2, — Catarractes parasita var. camtschatica Pa/l. ; Larus parasiticus

Ruoposrerntia Macgill.*

Bill short, slender, straight, with the culmen straight at the base and curved at the tip, the sides
compressed, the gonys short, advancing upwards, and scarcely angulated ; the nostrils lateral and
submedial. Wings lengthened and pointed, with the first quill the longest. Tail moderate and
wedge-shaped. ars? strong, as long as the middle toe. oes moderate, the anterior ones united by a

full web; the hind toe short and elevated.

The type of this genus was taken in the high northern latitudes. Its habits and manners have not been observed.
It may be only a young bird.

R. Rossii (Sabine) Macgill. — Larus roseus Jard. § Selby, Ill. Orn. pl. 14., Wils. Illustr. Zool. pl. 8.

Larus Linn.t

Bill more or less strong, as long as or shorter than the head, straight, and laterally compressed,
with the culmen straight at the base, and arched to the tip, the gonys slightly angulated and advancing
upwards ; the nostrils lateral, with the opening near the middle of the bill, and longitudinal. Wings
lengthened and pointed, with the first quill the longest. Zaz/ moderate and even. Tarsz nearly as long
as the middle toe, strong, and covered in front with transverse scales. Toes moderate, the anterior

ones united by a full web; the hind toe short and elevated.

These birds are scattered over the marine portions of the entire world ; sometimes during the spring and summer
they are found in flocks in the marshes, on the borders of rivers, and in the cultivated lands, where they seek for
worms, insects, and their larve. They return to the sea coast on the approach of autumn and winter, subsisting
principally on small fish and worms, which they obtain from the refuse left on the shore after the tide retires, and are
especially fond of the spawn of crustaceous animals. These birds attack the weaker species as soon as they observe that
they have been fortunate enough to catch a fish, when they dart down upon them, and cause them instantly to disgorge
their prize. If the winter proves severe, these birds migrate further south, until they find a more genial climate. Their
flight is easy and buoyant; and, when about to migrate, the flock ascends to a considerable height, and then moves off

in a continuous line to its destination. The nest is formed of dry coarse grass or sea weeds, wherein are deposited
three or four eggs.

* This was proposed by Mr. Macgillivray in 1842 (Man. of Ornith. ii. 252.) in the place of Rossia, which had been established in 1838,
as that name had been previously employed.

+ It was in 1735 that Linneus established this genus. Leucus, Gavia, Ichthyaétus, and Hydrocoleus of M. Kaup (1829), Laroides of
M. Brehm (1830), and Chroicocephalus of Mr. Eyton (1836) are synonymous with the word employed. This latter name was changed by
Mr. Strickland to Chracocephalus (1841).

et

LARINZ.

1. L. glaucus Brin. Orn. Bor. p. 44., Naum. Vég. t. 35., Gould,
B. of Eur. pl. 432., Audub. B. of Amer. pl. 396. — Larus glacialis
et L. giganteus Benich ; L. consul Boie ; L. leucopterus Vieill.

2. L. marinus Linn. PI. enl. 266. 990., Gould, B. of Eur. pl. 430.
— Larus nevius Gmel.; L. maculatus Bodd.; LL. maximus, L.
Mulleri et L. Fabricii Brehm. Audub. B. of Amer. pl. 241.

3. L. leucopterus Faber, Prod. der Isl. Orn. 91., Gould, B. of Eur.
pl. 433. — Larus islandicus Edmond.; L. argentatus Sabine; L.
glacialis et L. arcticus Macgill. ; L. glaucoides Temm.

4. L. argentatus Briin. Orn. Bor. 44., Pl. enl. 253. — Larus
glaucus Benich.; Laroides major, L. argentatus, L. argenteus, L.
argentatoides, et L. argentaceus Brehm. Gould, B. of Eur. pl. 434.,
Audub. B. of Amer. pl. 291.; Type of Laroides Brehm (1830).

5. ? L. eachinnans Pall. Zoogr. ii. p. 318.

6. L. fuscus Linn. Naum. Voy. t. 36. f. 51., Gould, B. of Eur.
pl. 431. — Larus flavipes Mey. & Wolf.

7. L. dominicanus Licht. Cat. Dupl. Berl. Mus. No. 846., Azara
No. 499.

8. L. pacificus Lath. Lamb. Icon. ined. ii. 92. — Larus leucomelas
Vieill. Ency. Méth. t. 234. f. 4.; L. Georgii Vigors; lL. bathy-
rhynchus Macgill.; L. frontalis Vieill. ?

9. L. erassirostris Vieill. N. Dict. Hist. Nat. xxi. 508., Krusenst.
Voy. aut. du Monde t. 57. — Larus melanurus Temm. PI. col. 459.

10. L. ichthyaétus Pall. Reise, ii. 713., Zoogr. ii. 322. t. 77.,
Riipp. Atlas, t. 17. — Ichthyaétus Pallasi Kaup ; L. kroikocephalus
James. ; Type of Ichthyaétus Kaup (1829).

11. L. hematorhynchus King, Zool. Journ. iv. 103., Jard. &
Selby, Ill. Orn. pl. 106. — Larus Scoresbii Trail.

12. L. fuliginosus Gould, Voy. of Beagle, Birds, p. 141.

13. L. nove hellandie Steph. Gen. Zool. xiii. 196. — Larus
Jamesoni Wils. Ill. of Zool. pl. 23.; L. scopolinus Forst. Desc.
Anim. p. 106. et Icon. ined. 109.

14. L. canus Linn. Pl. enl. 977., Gould, B. of Eur. pl. 4377. —
Larus cyanorhynchus Mey. § Wolf; L. hybernus Gmel.; L. pro-
cellus Bechst.

15. L. zonorhynchus Rich. & Sw. Faun. Bor. Amer. p.421.,
Audub. B. of Amer. pl. 42. — Larus brachyrhynchus Rich. § Sw.

16. L. occidentalis Aud. Orn. Biogr. v. 320.

17. L. Audouinii Payr. Ann. des Sci. Nat. 1826. 460., Faun.
Franc. t. 172. f. 1., Gould, B. of Eur. pl. 438., Pl. col. 480.

18. L. pygmeus St. Vine. Exp. de la Morée, Ois. t. 5.

19. L. ridibundus Linn. Pl. enl. 969, 970., Gould, B. of Eur.
pl. 425. —Larus cinerarius et L. erythropus Gmel. ; L. atricilla et
L. nevia Pall. ; Sterna obscura Lath.; L. canescens Bechst. ; L. ca-
pistratus T’emm. Gould, B. of Eur. pl.; Type of Chroicocephalus
Eyton (1836).

20. L. melanocephalus Temm. Man. p. 777., Stor. degli Uce. t.
527. 526. 528., Gould, B. of Eur. pl. 427.

21. L. Bonapartei Rich. & Sw. Faun. Bor. Amer., Audub. B. of
Amer. pl. 324. — Larus capistratus Pr. Bonap.

22, L. Franklinii Rich.& Sw. Faun. Bor. Amer. 424, pl. 17.—
Larus atricilla Sabine.

23, L. pipixcan Wagl. Isis, 1831. 515.

24, L. atricillus Linn. Gould, B. of Eur. pl. 426. — Larus
ridibundus Wils. Amer. Orn. pl. 74. f. 4. ; L. major Catesby; L.
poliocephalus Temm. ? Audub. B. of Amer. pl. 314.; L. albus
Scop.

25. L. leucopthalmus Licht. Pl. col. 366.

26. L. gelastes Licht. Thien. Fortpfl. Vg. Eur. v. 22. — Larus
tenuirostris Temm.; L. cinerarius Pall. ; L.leucocephalus Boiss. ;
L. Genei Breme. ; L. Lambruschinii Pr. Bonap. Faun. Ital. Ois. t.

27. L. brunneicephalus Jerd. Madr. Journ. 1840. 225.

28. I. cirrocephalus Vieill. N. Dict. Hist. Nat. xxi. 502., Gal. des
Ois. t. 289. — Larus maculipennis Licht.; L. poliocephalus Pr.
Maz. ; L. glaucotes Meyen, Noy. Act. 1834. t. 24. ; L. albipennis
Licht. Azara No. 410. 411.

29. L . — L. poliocephalus Swains. B. of W. Afr. ii. 245.
pl. 29.

30. L. melanorhynchus Temm. PI. col. 504.

31. L. serranus Tschudi, Faun, Peruana, p. 54.

32. L. Belchert Vigors, Zool. Journ.iv. 358.

33. L. modestus Tschudi, Faun. Peruana, p. 54. —- L. Bridgesii
Fras.

34. L. minutus Pall. Reise, iii. 704. — Larus atricilloides Falk.
Reise, t. 24., Gould, B. of Eur, pl. 428.; Type of Hydrocoleus
Kaup (1829).

35. L. D’Orbignyi Aud. Hist de l’ Egypt. Ois. t. 9, f. 3.

36. L. nigrotis Less. Tr. d’Orn. p. 619.

37. ? L. pulo condor Lath. Sparrm. Mus. Carls. t.

Xema Leach.*

Bill shorter than the head, rather slender, and the sides compressed, with the culmen straight at the

base, but curved to the tip; the gonys angulated and advancing upwards; the nostrils basal, lateral, and

longitudinal.

Tarsi as long as the middle toe, strong, and covered in front with transverse scales.

Wings very long and pointed, with the first quill the longest.

Tail moderate and forked.

Toes moderate, and

the anterior ones united by a full web; the hind toe short and elevated.

The type is peculiar to the arctic circle of both continents, where it is observed to seek its food from the sea beach,
standing near the edge of the water, and gleaning the marine insects from the refuse which is cast on shore. It migrates

southwards on the approach of hard winter.
of the rocks,

The eggs are generally two in number, and are placed on the bare surface

* Established by Leach in 1818 (Linn. Trans. xii. 520.).

LARIN A.

1, X. Sabini Leach, Lin, Trans. xii. 520. pl. 29., Wils. Ill. of Zool. Q2.?
pl. 38. — Xema collaris Leach, Jard. and Selby, Il], Orn. n.s. pl. 35., | 1840, 290.
Audub. B. of Amer. pl. 288., Gould, B. of Eur, pl. 429.

. — Mouette a quene fourchue, Nelour, Rev. Zool.

Rissa Leach.*

Bill longer than the head, strong, and laterally compressed, with the culmen straight at the base, and
curved from the nostrils to the tip; the gonys short and advancing upwards; the nostrils lateral, basal,
and the opening longitudinal. Wings lengthened and pointed, with the first quill the longest. Tail
moderate and even. Tarsi much shorter than the middle toe, strong, and covered in front with
transverse scales. Toes very long, slender, and united together by a full membrane; the hind toe
rudimental and elevated.

It is in the northern parts of the old and new continents that these birds are generally seen in flocks on the wing,
floating gracefully, high in the air, and sweeping in extended circles. They are capable of flying against the heaviest
gale, passing close over the top of each succeeding wave ; and every now and then descend with a spiral curve towards
the water, supporting themselves by quick motions of the wings, until they dart at a young herring or some bit of offal,
which having secured they fly away, probably chased by some other species anxious to rob them of the prize. These
enemies frequently force them to disgorge the food which they have just swallowed. From the shortness of their legs
they are most awkward in walking on the land, but, in the air or on the water, few birds surpass them in ease and

activity of movements. The nests are found on the narrow projections of the rocks, so small as barely to admit their
breadth. They are composed of sea weeds and coarse grass; and the eggs are three in number.

1. R. tridactyla (Lath.) Leach, PI. enl. 253. 387.— Rissa 2. R. nivea (Pall.) Zoogr. ii. 320. t.76.— Larus brachyrhyn-
Briinnichii Leach, Gould, B. of Eur. pl. 435., Audub. B. of Amer, | chus Gould, Voy. Sulphur, Birds, pl. 34.
pl. 224. ; Larus torquatus, L. gavia, et L. canus Pail.

Pacoruita Kaup.t

Bill rather strong, straight, and compressed, with the basal portion of the culmen straight, and the
apical part curved to the tip; the gonys much angulated beneath, and advancing upwards; the nostrils
lateral, basal, and longitudinal. Wings lengthened and pointed, with the first quill the longest. Tadl
moderate and even. Tarsi shorter than the middle toe, strong, and covered with transverse scales. Toes
strong, the lateral ones unequal, the anterior ones united by an indented web; the hind toe short and

elevated.

The type of this division is peculiar to the very high northern latitudes of both continents, and is usually seen out at
sea, following in the wake of the whale-fishers, as its food consists of the blubber or flesh of dead whales. The eggs are
deposited upon the rocks and high broken cliffs that overhang the sea.

P. eburnea (Gmel.) Kaup, Pl. enl. 994.—Larus niveus Mart. ; L. candidus Fabr. Gould, B. of Eur. pl. 436., Audub. B. of Amer. pl. 237.

* Dr. Leach established this genus prior to 1825, when it was adopted by Mr. Stephens (Gen. Zool. xiii. p.180.). Cheimonea of
M. Kaup (1829) was founded on the same type.

+ This division was originally established under the name of Gavia by Boie in 1822 ; but, as that word had been previously employed, I
have adopted the above name, which was proposed by M. Kaup in 1829. In 1842 Mr. Macgillivray used Catosparactes for the same type.

August, 1845.

2LYOVT SMUDITULM OY
SAYUVT

e] SjTapueugMyY

~e

Ze

WSS eez,

seroma nt? 8” PRES BRA AE

nn

Dr.

|
\

r a,
Hi

at |
ff
get | { |
i ~
ae ahi at \
‘

taneit
Ned gations tO

1. PAGOPHILA eburnea.
4. RHODOSTETHIA Rofsu

2. STERCORARIUS parasiticus
o LARUS arfentatuis.

C Hullmandel’s Patent Lithotnt
3. XEMA Sabini
6. RISSA tndactyla

CAMBRIDG
—

. -_. ,

Order VIII. ANSERES. Family V. Larm2.

The second Subfamily,
RHYNCHOPIN &, or Skimmers,

have the mandibles unequal, the upper one always shorter than the lower, which is only received in a
narrow groove, their sides suddenly much compressed from the base ; the Wings lengthened, acute, and
curved at the tip; the Tail moderate and forked; the Tarsi rather longer than the middle toe, and

covered with transverse scales; the Toes moderate, and the anterior partly united by an indented web.

Ruyncuors Linn.*

Bill broad at the base, but suddenly compressed from thence to the tips; the upper mandible much
shorter than the lower, and slightly curved to the tip, which is acute, and grooved beneath to receive the
edge of the lower mandible, which is compressed and truncated; the nostrils basal, lateral, oblong, and
pervious. Wings very long, and curved towards the tip, with the first quill the longest. Tail moderate
and forked. TYarsi rather longer than the middle toe. Toes moderate, with the lateral ones unequal, and
united to the middle toe by an indented web; the hind toe elevated, and touching the ground with its

tip; the claws long, curved, and acute.

The tropical parts of both hemispheres are peculiarly frequented by these birds. They prefer the sheltered inlets and
estuaries of the rivers, over the smooth water of which they are observed near the shores at the flood tide, seeking their
usual food of small fish and molluscous animals. These they obtain by slowly ploughing along the yielding surface
of the prolific sea with the lower mandible, while the upper is elevated out of the water, until the former
touches some object that forms a portion of their food, when the two mandibles close together upon it with great
rapidity. Their flight is swift and undulating; when on the ground they walk very awkwardly, and, though they
possess webbed feet, they rarely swim or even float on the surface of the water. They seek repose on the strand,
or in the neighbouring marshes, but they rest during the day in flocks on the isolated shoals left bare by the recess of
the tide. They visit the low sand bars and dry flats of the coast, for the purpose of scratching out a slight hollow in the
sands, wherein the female deposits usually three eggs. The female only sits on the nest during the night, or in wet and
stormy weather. The young are scarcely distinguishable from the sand, in consequence of the similarity of their colour,
and during this period may often be seen basking in the sun, and spreading out their wings upon the warm beach.
The parent migrates to the south, as soon as the young are capable of the voyage.

1. R. nigra Linn. Pl. enl. 357., Wils. Amer. Orn. pl. 60, f. 4. — 3. R. albicollis Swains. Two Cent. and a Quart. p 341.
Rhynchops borealis Swains.; R. fulva Gmel. ; R. cinerascens et R. 4, R. albirostris Licht. Cat. Dupl. Berl. Mus. p. 80.— Rhynchops
brevirostris Spiz, Av. Bras. t. 102, 103. flavirostris Vieill. Gal. des Ois. t.291.; R. orientalis Riipp., Atlas,

2. R. melanura Swains. Two Cent. and a Quart. p. 340. t. 24.

* Established in 1756 by Linneus (Systema Nature). In 1760 Brisson proposed Rhynchopsalia for the same set of birds.

September, 1845.

—

Me Sy707Ig;v
SHAOHINAH ¥

MCZ LIBRARY
HARVARD UNIVERSITY
CAMBRIDGE. MAUSA- -

Order VIII. ANSERES. Family V. Lariw2.

The third Subfamily,
STERNIN &, or Terns,

have the Bill more or less lengthened, generally slender, straight, with the culmen sometimes curved at
the tip, which is acute; the nostrils basal, lateral, and linear ; the Wings very long and pointed ; the
Tail long, and more or less forked; the Tarsi usually short, and slender; the Toes of various lengths,

and more or less webbed ; and the hind toe long and slender.

Srerna Linn.*

Bill more or less long, strong, with the culmen slightly curved to the tip, which is acute ; the gonys
straight, and half the length of the bill; the nostrils lateral, placed towards the middle of the bill and
longitudinal, with the frontal plumes advancing close to, or near, the opening Wings very long and
pointed, with the first quill the longest. Taz/ more or less long, and generally forked. Tarsi more or
less long and slender. Toes moderate, the two outer ones nearly equal, and the three anterior ones

united by an indented web; the hind toe very short ; the claws moderate, slightly curved, and acute.

These birds are scattered throughout both hemispheres, migrating in flocks from place to place according to the
season. ‘They usually frequent the coasts or salt marshes, but are occasionally seen on the borders of inland lakes and
rivers. They are continually on the wing, and their flight is elevated, of long continuance, and extended far from
land. When seeking their food, they generally perform large circles, or hover over it, and then suddenly dart straight
upon it. At other times they sweep the surface of the water, seizing with their bill any objects that may be floating on
the sea. They float with buoyancy on the surface, but rarely, if ever, exercise their power of swimming. The
beach, sand shoals, rocks, and trees are their usual resorts when seeking rest. Fish form their chief subsistence,
though they also feed on various kinds of marine animals, &c. The large species sometimes attack the young and eggs
of other sea birds. The eggs are from two to four in number, and are usually deposited in a slight hollow on sand
bars of insulated rocks. The hatching of the eggs is mostly left to the influence of the sun, the parent only sitting on
them at night and during cold weather; yet the young when hatched are most carefully fed, and protected from the
attack of other birds.

1. S. caspia Pall. Noy. Com. Petr. xiv. 583., Zoogr.t.78., Mus. | 3. S. velow Riipp. Atlas, t. 13.

Carls. iii. t. 62. — Sterna megarhynchus Meyer; S. Tschegrava 4. S. cristata Swains. B, of W. Afr. ii. 247. pl. 30.

Gmel. ; Type of Hydroprogne Kaup (1829). 5. S. Bergit Licht. Cat. Dupl. Berl. Mus. p. 80., Griff. An.
2. S. pelecanoides Vigors, King’s Nat. Austr. App. p. 422.— | Kingd. iii. pl. p. 647.

Sterna poliocerca Gould, Proc. Z.S. 1837. p. 26., Syn. Austr. B.p. | 6. S. affinis Riipp. Atlas, t. 14. Sterna media Horsf.: S.
pl. (head); St. caspia var. Lath. Phill. Voy. pl. p. 77.; Type of | arabica Ehrenb.
Pelecanopus Wag/. (1832). 7. S. cayanensis Gmel. PI. enl. 988. — Sterna cayana Lath.

* Established by Linneus in 1748 (Systema Nature). It embraces Gelochelidon of Brehm (1830), with which Laropis of Wagler (1832)
is synonymous ; Thalasseus of M. Boie (1822), of which Actochelidon of M. Kaup (1829) isasynonyme ; Hydroprogne of M. Kaup (1829),
which name is coequal with Sylochelidon of M. Brehm (1830) and Helopus of Wagler (1832) ; Plinetis of Wagler (1832) ; Thalassea of
M. Kaup (1829) ; Sternu/a of M. Boie (1822) ; also Haliplana, Onychoprion and Pelecanopus of Wagler (1832).

3

STERNIN ZA.

8. S. aurantia Gray, Il. Ind. Zool. pl. 69. f. 2.— Sterna breviros-
tris Gray, Ill. Ind. Zool. pl. 69. f. 1.; S. bengalensis Less. ?

9. S. seena Sykes, Proc. Z. S. 1832. p. 171.

ROMS. . — Sterna velox Gould, Proc. Z. 8. 1842. p. 139.

11. S. anglica Mont. Ornith. Dict. Suppl. et t.— Sterna aranea
Savi? ; S. stubberica Otto ; 8. affinis Horsf. Gould, B. of Eur.
pl. 416. ; Type of Gelochelidon Brehm. (1830).

12. S. aranea Wils. Amer. Orn. pl. 72. f. 6., Audub. B. of Amer.
pl. 409.

13. S. macrotarsa Gould, Proc. Z. 8. 1837. p. 26., Syn. Austr. B.
p. pl. (head).

14. 8. fuliginosa Gmel, Wils. Amer. Orn. pl. 72. f.7., Gould, Syn.
Austr. B. p. pl. (head). — Sterna enothetus Scops. ; S, panayensis
Gmel. Sonn. Voy. t. 84., Audub. B. of Amer. pl. 235.; Type of
Haliplana Wagl. (1832); S. serrata Yorst. Desc. Mamm. p. 276.,
Icon. ined. 110. ; Ellis’s Icon. ined. 55. ; Type of Onychoprion Wag.
(1882); S&S. guttata Forst. Desc. Mamm, p. 201.; 8S. oahuensis
Bloxam.; Type of Planetis Wagi. (1832).

15. S. infuscata Licht. Cat. Dupl. Berl. Mus. p. 81.

16. S. nove hollandie Steph. Gen. Zool. xiii. p. 161.

17. S. frontalis G.R. Gray, Zool. Ereb. and Terr, Birds, pl. 20.

18. S. melanura Gould, Proc. Z. 8. 1837. 156.

19. S. (cendré) Neboux, Rev. Zool. 1840. 294.

20. S. eantiaca Gmel. Boys’s Sandwich, pl. p. 851. — Sterna
striata Gmel. Lath. Syn. pl. 98., Ellis’s Icon, ined. 56,; §. Boysii
Lath,; §. columbina Schrank; S. canescens Mey.; S. nubilosa
Sparrm. Mus. Carls. t. 63. ; S. africana Gmel. Gould, B. of Eur.
pl. 415., Audub. B. of Amer. pl. 279. ; Type of Thalasseus Boie.
(1822).

21.8,
= {sh

s.

TM

Trudeaui (Audub.) B. of Amer. pl. 409. f. 2.
Havelii Audub. B. of Amer. pl. 409. f. 1.
Torresii Gould, Proc. Z. 8. 1843. 140.

24. 8. hirundo Linn. Pl. enl. 987. — Sterna fluvialis Mawm.
Gould, B, of Eur. pl. 417.

25. S. melanoptera Swains. B. of W. Afr. ii. p. 249.

26. S. senegalensis Swains. B. of W. Afr, ii. p. 250.

27. S. brachypus Swains. B. of W. Afr. ii. p. 252.

28. S. Nitzschii Kaup, Isis, 1824. p. 153.

29. S. Wilsoni Pr. Bonap. — Sterna hirundo Wils. Amer. Ornith.
pl. 60. f. 1., Audub, B. of Amer. pl. 309.

30. S. longipennis Erman Verz. p.17.—S. Camtschatica Penn.
Pall. Zoogr. ii. 335. ?

31. 8. acutirostris Tschudi, Wiegm. Archiv. 1843. 389,

82. 8S. exilis Tschudi, Wiegm, Archiv. 1843. 389.

33. S. erythrorhyncha Pr. Max. Beitr. vy. p. 857. — Sterna hi-
rundinacea Cuv. Less. ?

34. 8. macroura Naum, — Sterna arctica Temm. Man. ii. 742. ;
8. hirundo Faber ; S. argentata Brehm.; S$. brachytarsa Graba ?
Gould, B. of Eur. pl. 419., Audub. B. of Amer. pl. 250.

35. 8. paradisea Briin. Gould, B. of Eur. pl. 418. — Sterna
Douglasi Mont. ; 8. Dougallii Temm. Audub. B. of Amer. pl. 240.

Type of Thalassea Kaup (1829).

$6. S. minuta Linn. PI. enl. 998., Gould, B. of Eur. pl. 420. ; 8.
parva Penn.; 8. metopoleuca Gmel. ; Type of Sternula Boie, (1822).

387. S. argentea Pr. Max. Beitr.i. p.67.— Sterna minuta Wils.
Amer. Orn. pl. 60. f. 2., Audub. B. of Amer. pl. 319.

38. 8. melanauchen Temm. PI, col. 427., Griff. An, Kingd. pl. p.
647. — Sterna media Horsf. Linn. Trans. xiii, 199.; S. suma-
trana Raff. ; St. chinensis Gmel. ?

39. S. nereis Gould, Proc. Z.S. 1842, p. 140., B. of Austr. pl.

40. S, antarctica Forst. Desc. Anim. p. 107., Wagl. Isis, 1832,
p- 1223.

41. S. australis Gmel. — Sterna media Forst. Desc. Anim. p. 20.

42. 8. — Sterna antarctica Less. Tr. d’Orn, p. 621.

43, 8. longirostris Less. Tr. d’Orn. p. 621.

44. S. speculifera Temm. Less. Tr. d’Orn. p. 622.

45. 8. superciliaris Vieill. Azara No. 415., N. Dict. d’Hist. Nat.
xxxii, 176.

46. S. maculata Vieill. Azara No. 426., N. Dict. d’Hist. Nat.
xxxii. 176.

47. S. chloripoda Vieill. Azara No. 412., N. Dict. d’Hist. Nat.
EEK. 7s

48. 8S. spadicea Gmel.

49. S. surinamensis Gmel.

50. S. simplex Gmel.

51. §. vittata Gmel.

52. 8. cinerea Gmel.

53. S. nilotica Hasselq.

54. §. Nuttalii Audub. Nutt. Man. of Ornith. ii. 279.

Hyprocueipon Boie.*

Bill strong, short, with the culmen rather arched to the tip, which is acute ; the sides compressed, and

the gonys long, straight, and advancing upwards to the tip; the nostrils basal, lateral, and longitudinal,

with the frontal plumes projecting to the opening.

moderate, and slightly emarginated. Tarsi rather shorter than the middle toe, and slender.

slender, the two outer toes equal and longest, the

Tail
Toes long,

Wings long, with the first quill the longest.

three anterior ones united only at the base, the web

continuing along the inner margin of each toe; the hind toe moderate and slender ; the claws also long

and slender.

This series of birds frequent the margins of rivers and lakes, and are also found on swamps and marshes, in preference

to the neighbourhood of the sea, where however they occasionally appear when on their migrations.

* Established by M. Boie in 1822 (Isis, p. 563.).
the name employed.

3 x

Their flight is

Viralva of Leach (1825), and Pelodes of M. Kaup (1829), are synonymous with

STERNIN &.

buoyant, and performed in rapid and sudden evolutions, particularly when darting after their food, which consists
almost entirely of various kinds of insects, especially those of the neuropterous order. They occasionally, however,
attack the fry of fish and aquatic worms. The nest is generally formed in a tuft of flags or broad grass, just elevated
above the surface of the water; and sometimes it is placed on the floating leaves of water plants. The eggs are usually
from two to four in number.

1. H. hybrida (Pall.) Zoogr. ii. p, 338.— Sterna leucopareia 6. H. grisea (Horsf.) Linn. Trans. xiii. p. 199.

Temm. Gould, B. of Eur. pl. 424. 7. H. melanogaster (Temm.) PI. enl. 434. — Sterna acuticauda
2. H. albostriata G. R. Gray, Zool. Ereb. and Terr, Birds, pl. 21., | Gray, Ill. Ind, Zool. pl. 70. f. 3.
Ellis’s Icon, ined. (1776) 54. 8. H. fluviatilis Gould, Proc. Z. 8. 1842. p. 140.
38. H. nigra (Linn.) Pl. enl. 333.— Sterna leucoptera Temm. ; 9. H. similis (Gray), -Ill. Ind. Zool. pl. 70. f. 2.
S. fissipes Pall.; S. nevia Linn. Pl. enl. 924.; Rallus lariformis 10. H. javanica (Horsf.) Linn. Trans. xiii. p.198., Gray, IU.
Linn. ? Gould, B. of Eur. pl. 422. Ind. Zool. pl. 70. f. 1.

4. H. plumbea (Wils.) Amer. Orn. pl. 60. f. 3. — Sterna nigra 11. ? H. indica (Steph.) Gen. Zool. xiii. 169.
Linn. ; 8. obscura Lath.

5. H. fissipes (Linn.) Pl. enl. 924. — Sterna nevia et S, nigra
Briss.

Puatusa Wagl.*

Bill large, strong, longer than the head, with the culmen and lateral margins curved to the tip, which
is acute; the gonys less than the length of the lower mandible, straight and angulated; the nostrils
lateral, ovate, placed towards the middle of the bill. Wangs long, with the first quill the longest. Taal
rather short, and strongly emarginated. Tarsi nearly as long as the outer toe. Toes short, the two
outer ones nearly equal and longest, the inner one very short, and all united by an indented web; the

hind toe long and slender ; the claws long, curved, and rather depressed.

The species are found on the coasts of the tropical parts of America and Africa.

1. P. magnirostris (Licht.) Wagl. Cat. Dupl. Berl. Mus. p. 81., | 2. _-P. ? galericulata (Licht.) Cat. Dupl. Berl. Mus. p. 81.
Spix, Av. Bras. t.104., Azara No. 413, 414,—Sterna brevirostra | 3. P.(?) melanotis Swains. B. of W. Afr. ii. p. 252.
Vieill. |

Gyrcis Wagl.t+

Bill longer than the head, with the culmen and lateral margins nearly straight to the tip, which is acute ;
the gonys two thirds the length of the lower mandible, and angulated; the nostrils lateral, placed near
the base, and longitudinal. Wings long, with the first quill the longest. Taz long, and strongly
emarginated. Tarsi very short and strong. Toes long, the two outer nearly equal, and longer than
the inner one, and all united by a strongly indented web; the hind toe very long and slender ; the

claws moderate and much curved.
This type is found in the neighbourhood of various islands of the South Seas.

G. candida (Forst.) Wagl. Desc. Anim.p. 179. — Sterna alba | ined. 33., Ellis’s Icon. ined. 56.
}

Sparr. Mus. Carls. i. t. 11., Portlock’s Voy. pl. p. 312., Banks, Icon. |

* Established by Wagler in 1832 (Isis, p. 1224.). Thalassites of Mr, Swainson (1837) is coequal.
+ Wagler established this genus in 1832 (Isis, p, 1223.).

STERNINZ

Anous Leach.*

Bill longer than the head, rather slender, with the culmen gradually curved to the tip, which is acute,
the lateral margin slightly curved; the gonys straight, half the length of the lower mandible, and
angulated ; the nostrils lateral, basal, placed near the middle of the bill, and longitudinal. Wings
lengthened and pointed, with the first quill the longest. Tazl long, with the sides rounded, or strongly
emarginated. Tursi the length of the inner toe, and slender. Zves long, the two outer equal, and

longer than the inner one, and all three united by a full web; the hind toe long and slender; the claws
also long and slender.
These birds are inhabitants of most tropical seas, even at a great distance from any land. They are usually seen

following the shoals of fish upon which they prey; while pursuing them the bird hovers near the water, and may be
continually seen darting upon the fish as it approaches the surface. They breed in flocks, depositing their eggs on the

bare shelyings of the rocks.

1. A. stolidus (Linn.) Catesby, Carol. pl. 88. — Gavia fusca 5. A. unicolor (Erman.). Verz. von Thier. und Pflanz. p. 17.

Briss. ; Anoiis niger Steph. Gould, B. of Eur. p, 421., Audub. B. 6. A. inca (Less.) Voy. de la Coqu. Zool. t. 47., Griff. Anim.
of Amer. pl. 275. Kingd. iii. pl. p. 647.
2. ? A. leucoceps Swains. Pl. enl. 997., Kittl. Kupf. Végel, t. 36. 7. A. tereticollis (Lafr.) Rev. Zool. 1841. p. 242., Mag. de Zool.
i. 2. 1842. Ois. t.29.— Anodus cinereus Gould; Type of Procelsterna
3. A. senex (Leach), Tuck. Congo Exped. p. 408. — Sterna | Lafr. (1842).
tenuirostris T’emm. P. col. 202., Kittl. Kupf. Vég. t. 36. f. 1. 8. A. gracilis Gould, Proc. Z. S. 1845. p.
4. A. pileatus (Scop.) Sonn, Voy. t. 85.— Sterna philippina 9. ? A. fuscatus (Linn.) Briss. Ornith, vi. t. 21. f. 1.
Lath. 10. A. melanogenys, G. R. Gray.

* Established by Leach, and published by Mr. Stephens in 1825 (General Zool. xiii. 140.). It is coequal with Noddi of Cuvier (1817),
Megalopterus of M. Boie (1826), Stolida of M. Lesson (1831), Gavia of Mr. Swainson (1837), and Procelsterna of Baron Lafresnaye

(1842).

January, 1846.

bsg Y-9 shuabounpu

SQDON

JUYOYIT Juaey sTepuewulymMyY oO

Np Tere aD @7 NIUN VI SIILS

MCZ LIBRARY oe St
HARVARD UNIVERSITY, 7 ie
CAMBRIDGE. MA USA’ ) som

SS TO EJe IN ON 4e .

C-Hullmandels Patent F-thotmt

@ 1 oa yh ae = * DM Weep Heir rTImIMTNan 9 Dit ~ImM 2 r nd f. Cnwrnse A
STERNA Macroura. «.._YDROCHELIDON nigra 0. PHAXTUSA magnirostris. 4 ANOUS stolidus 0. GYGIS cand

LiGea

cia ‘ ,
e
»
«
> »
a . *
@ . = =
=
*
9
° j

HARVARD UNIVERSITY
CAMBRIDGE. MA USA

Order VIII. ANSERES.

The sixth Family,
PELECANIDA2A, or Peticans,

have the Bill more or less long, broad at the base, straight and compressed to the tip, which is
sometimes hooked ; the Nostrils linear, and sometimes scarcely visible ; the Wings long, and the first
quill the longest; the Tarsi short and robust; the Toes long, and all four are connected together
by broad membrane; the Face and Throat more or less naked, the latter sometimes furnished with

a naked dilating skin or pouch from the base of the lower mandible.

The first Subfamily,

PHAETONIN &, or Tropric-Brrps.

have the Bill as long as the head, and broad at the base; with the culmen elevated, keeled, curved, and
the sides much compressed to the tip, which is acute; the gonys long and ascending; the Nostrils basal,
linear, and exposed; the Wings long and pointed ; the Tail moderate, graduated, with the two middle

feathers prolonged and linear; the Tarsi short ; the Toes long, and all united by a membrane.

Puartron Linn.*

Bill as long as the head, broad and dilated at the base; with the culmen elevated, curved, and
the sides much compressed to the tip, which is entire and acute; the lateral margins more or less
serrated; the nostrils basal and lateral, with the opening linear, partly closed by a membrane, and
exposed. Wings long and pointed, with the first quill the longest. Tadd moderate and graduated, with
the two middle feathers lengthened and linear. Tarsi shorter than the middle toe, strong, and covered
with small scales. ves long; the outer toe longer than the inner, and the three anterior ones and the

hind toe all united together by a broad membrane ; the claws small, compressed, and acute.

The species are most generally found in the Tropical Seas, and are usually observed at a great distance from land,
skimming the surface of the water, and at the same time seizing the fish and marine animals which float near the surface,
but especially the flying-fish, as it bounds out of the sea. They rest on trees, on rocks, and on the water, in which element
they are excellent swimmers. The nest is built in hollow trees or on rocks. The eggs are generally two in number.

* Established by Linneus in 1750. Lepturus of Mcehring (1752) and T'rropicophilus of Leach are synonymous.

1. P. ethereus Linn. Pl. sil 998., Less. Tr. d’'Orn. t. aes iy
Catesby’s Carol. pl. 14.? — Phaéton Catesbyi Brandt. ? :
2. ? P. melanorhynchos Gmel.
3. P. rubricauda Bodd. Pl. enl. 979.— Phaéton phi oy
Gmel, Lath. Gen, Syn. pl. 105., Nat. Mise. pl. 177., Gal. aes So |
s. 279.; P. erabescens Banks, Icon, ined. 31.

June, 1847.

eee eARCamey Wet

SPAT) SPYUIDI
NOLAVHd

>
a
<L
ce
=
a
IN
3)
=

HARVARD UNIVERSITY
CAMBRIDGE. MA USA

Order VIII. ANSERES. Family VI. PELECANID.

The second Subfamily,
PLOTIN &, or Darters,

have the Bill lengthened, very slender, and acute, with the lateral margins finely serrated, and the gonys
long and scarcely ascending; the Nostrils basal, and covered by a shield: the Wings long: the Tail
lengthened, and widening towards the end: the Tarsi short, very strong: the Toes long, and the
anterior ones united by a broad web; the hind toe long, and united to the inner one by a broad web:

the Claws short and curved.

Piotus Linn.*

Gill longer than the head, straight, and very slender, with the sides much compressed to the tip,
which is very acute, the lateral margins finely serrated, and the gonys long and slightly ascending ;
the nostrils basal, linear, and scarcely visible. Wings long, with the second and third quills equal and
longest. Tail long, and broad towards the end, which is rounded. ars? half the length of the middle
toe, strong, and covered with small scales. Toes rather long, all united by a broad web; the outer toe

as long as the middle one; the claws short, curved, and acute.

The species which form this genus are peculiar to the warmer parts of America, Asia, and Africa. They generally
live in society on the fresh-water rivers and lakes, on which they swim very dexterously, rather deep in the water.
When at rest, or watching for their food, which consists of fish, they mostly select a dead branch overhanging the
water, from which they suddenly dart at any passing fish; these, if small, are swallowed whole, while those that are too
large are torn to pieces. They are extremely shy and cautious; if alarmed while sitting on the branches they silently
slide into the water, and reappear at a distance, where from the length of the head and neck they are easily mistaken
for snakes, especially as those parts are usually held just above the surface, and have a peculiar vibrating motion.
During the heat of the day they may be observed sailing very high in the air over the lakes and rivers. The nest is
constructed of sticks, and placed on trees. The female deposits from four to eight eggs.

1. P. anhinga Linn. Pl. enl. 960, 959., Wils. Amer. Orn.| 3. P. congensis Lecah, Tuckey’s Voy. App. p. 408. — Plotus
pl. 74. f. 1,2., Audub. B. of Amer. pl. 316. — Plotus melanogaster | Levaillantii et P. rufus Licht. Pl. enl. 107., Pl. col. 380.
var. (3. y. Lath. 4. P. nove hollandie Gould, B. of Austr. pl.

2. P. melanogaster Gmel. Penn. Zool. Ind. pl. 12.

* Established by Linneus in 1766. Ptynz of Meehring (1752), Anhinga of Brisson (1760), and Plottus of Scopoli (1777) are
synonymous.

August, 1848.

-

any
.

YANE BYUD)) OL] WAN’? :

SDLOTL

MCZ LIBRARY
- HARVARD UNIVERSITY,
CAMBRIDGE. MA USA

IRE peo

flolf del et lith

nhinga

a

a

Order VIII. ANSERES. Family II. Perecanipa.

The third Subfamily,
PELECANIN 4, or Petecans,

have the Bill lengthened, slender, depressed on the culmen, the sides much compressed, and the tip
hooked, and more or less compressed ; the Nostrils placed in the lateral grooves, and scarcely visible ;
the Wings lengthened and pointed; the Tail rather short, and generally wedge-shaped ; the Tarsi short
and robust ; the Toes lengthened, with the outer one equalling the middle one, and all four united
together by a membrane. The lower mandible and throat furnished beneath with a membranous pouch,

more or less capable of extension.

SULA. *

Bill longer than the head, robust, straight, broad at the base; with the sides compressed, and grooved
towards the tip, which is slightly curved, and the lateral margins obliquely and unequally serrated ; the
nostrils basal, lateral, linear, placed in a lateral groove and almost invisible. Wings long, pointed, and
tuberculated, with the first two quills the longest. Yaz/ moderate and graduated. Tarsz short, one
third shorter than the outer toe, rounded anteriorly and keeled posteriorly. Toes lengthened, the outer
and middle ones nearly equal, and all four connected by a full membrane; the claws moderate and
rather flat, with that of the middle toe serrated, and the hind claw rudimental. Beneath the base of the

lower mandible is a naked space, reaching towards the breast, that is capable of expansion.

The birds of this division are usually found in immense numbers on desert and rocky islands near the main land,
migrating, in parties of from five to fifteen individuals, to the warmer parts on the approach of winter. They are rarely
observed on the surface of the sea, and when there they seem only to float, but are never known to dive, though
furnished with strongly webbed feet. They are almost constantly on the wing, flying with a powerful, rapid, and
buoyant flight, which can be supported for a lengthened period, and keeping at no great distance from the shore, even
during their migrations. ‘Their food consists principally of those fishes which usually swim near the surface, upon
which they dart from a great height, headlong into the sea, making the water foam and swell with the violence of the
concussion. ‘The fish is swallowed head foremost, and the gullet is capable of expanding sufficiently to allow the passage
of the largest herring. The nest is composed of masses of sea weeds and other materials, which the birds select on the
rocky cliffs. The female deposits one large egg.

1. S. bassana (Linn.) Briss. Pl. enl. 278. 986. — Pelecanus 6.? S. fiber (Linn.).
maculatus Gmel. ; P. punctatus Sparv. ; Sula alba Temm. 7. S. fusca Vieill. Gal. des Ois. t. 277. — Pelecanus Sula Linn.
2. S. capensis Licht. — Sula melanura Temm. Catesb. Car. pl. 87. ; Sula brasiliensis Spi, Av. Bras. t. 107.; Sula
3.? S. dactylatra Less. Zool. de la Coqu. ii. p. 494. australis Steph,
4. S. piscator (Linn.)— Sula candida Steph.; S. erythrorhyncha | 8, ? S. parva (Gmel.) PI. enl. 973.
Less. ; S. rubripes Gould. 9. S. plotus Forst. Desc. Anim. p. 278. et Icon. ined. 108,
5. 8. cyanops Sunder. Isis, 1842.858.— Sula australis Gould ; 10. S. variegata Tschudi, Wiegm. Archiv. 1843.1. 390.
Pelecanus serrator Banks, Icon. ined. 30., Forst. Icon. ined. 107. 11.? S. leucophea Steph. Gen. Zool. xiii. 106.

* Established by Brisson (Ornithologie) in 1760. In 1811, Illiger changed it to Dysporus; and, in 1816, Vieillot used Morus, and
Leach Moris. These are coequal with the name employed.

PELECANIN &.

Gracutus Linn.*

Bill moderate, straight, somewhat slender, with the culmen concave, and suddenly hooked at the tip;
the sides compressed and grooved; the nostrils basal, lateral, linear, placed in the lateral groove, and
Tail
Tarsi short, one third shorter than the middle toe ; much compressed

scarcely visible. JWings moderate and pointed, with the second and third quills the longest.

moderate, and rounded at its end.

and covered with reticulated scales. Toes long, with the outer toe rather longer than the middle one,

and all four united by a full web. The base of the lower mandible is furnished with a coriaceous pouch,
which is capable of extension.

The species of this genus are scattered over the entire world. They are found generally in flocks on the sea coast or
on small islands, but often wander inland visiting lakes and rivers. These birds are dexterous and voracious feeders,
swimming with the greater part of their bodies beneath the surface; and are capable of diving with very great velocity
by means of their wings, and remaining a long time submerged in pursuit of their prey, which consists of fish. If the
fish be not caught with the forepart of the head in the mouth of the bird, it becomes necessary for the bird to toss it
into the air, and dexterously catch it again by the front of the head in its descent, so that the fins may lie flat, and thus
facilitate its passage through the gullet; should the fish prove rather too large for the gullet, it remains there
undergoing a preparatory digestion previously to its passage into the lower part of the stomach. These birds are
often seen standing on the points of rocks, or on trees, with their wings expanded for some minutes at a time, drying

their plumes.

to a great height ; and is usually placed on the ledges or summits of almost inaccessible rocks, or on trees.

deposits from three to five eggs.

1. G. urile (Gmel.) — Phalacrocorax pelagicus Pall. Zoogr. ii.
303. t. 76.; P. bicristatus Pall. Zoogr. t. 75. f.2.; P.perspicillatus
Pail, 2?

2. G. Carbo (Linn.) Pl. enl. 927. — Carbo Cormoranus Mey.
Vieill. Gal, des Ois. t. 407., Audub. B. of Amer. pl. 266.

3. ? G. medius (Nils.).

4, G. sinensis (Shaw), Nat. Mise. pl. 529. — Carbo leucogaster
Meyen, Nova Acta, 1833, t.22.; G. nudigula Brandt ; Phalacro-
corax leucotis Blyth; P. fuscicollis Steph. ? ; C. albicollis Tick.

5. G. carboides (Gould), Proc. Z.S. 1837. 156., Birds of Austr. pl.

6. G. Linneii. — Pelecanus Graculus Linn. ; Carbo cristatus
Temm. Pl. col. 322. ; Pelecanus leucogaster Vieill.

7. G. Desmarestii (Payr.) Ann. des Sci. Nat. 1826. 460., Gould’s
B. of Europ. pl. 411.

8. G. ecristatus (Fabr.) — Carbo Graculus Temm.

Q. G. capensis (Sparr.) Mus. Carls. t. 61.

10. G. lucidus (Licht.) Cat. Dupl. Berl. Mus. No. 909.

11. G. sulcirostris (Brandt), Bull, Acad. Imp. Petersb. iii. p. 56.

12. G. brasilianus (Gmel.) Pl. enl. 974. ?, Spix, Av. Bras. ii. t.
106. — Pelecanus vigua Vieil/. ; Phalacrocorax niger King ; Halieus
gracilis Meyen, Nova Acta, 1833. t. 23. Suppl.

13. G. Nove Hollandie (Steph.) Gen. Zool. xiii. p. 93.; P. ater
Less.

14. G. dilophus (Vieill.) Gal. des Ois. t. 275. — Carbo auritus
Less., Audub. B. of Amer. pl. 257. ; C. mexicanus Brandt ? ; Pha-

lacrocorax floridanus Audub. B. of Amer. pl. 251.; Ph. Townsendii |

Audub. B. of Amer. pl. 412. ; Ph. leuconotus et Ph. leucurus Awdub. ?

* This division was originally proposed by Linneus (Systema Nature) in 1735, under the above appellation.
Phalacrocorax ; Lacépede, between 1800 and 1801, employed Carbo ; and, in 1811, Illiger proposed Halieus.

on the same set of birds.
G G

The nest is generally composed of sea weeds, grasses, and other coarse materials, commonly heaped u
te} J Et | > MA Pp p

The female

15. G. violaceus (Gmel.) — Phalacrocorax resplendens Audub.
B. of Amer. pl. 422. f. 1.

16. G. punctatus (Gmel.) Forst. Desc. Anim. p. 104. et Icon.
ined. 103. — Pelecanus nevius Gmel. Gould’s B. of Austr. pl.

17. G. Gaimardii (Garn.) Voy. de la Coqu. Ois. t. 48. — Pha-
lacrocorax cirriger King.

18. G. magellanicus (Gmel.) Forst. Desc. Anim. p. 356. et Icon.
ined. 105. — Phalacrocorax erythrops King.

19. G. cirrhatus (Gmel.) — Pelecanus carunculatus Gmel. Forst.
Desc. Anim. p. 102. et Icon. ined. 104. ; Phalacrocorax imperialis
King ; Ph. atriceps King ?; Carbo leucotis et C. albiventer Less. ?

20. G. albigula (Brandt), Tschudi Bull. Sci. Acad. Petersb.
iii. p. 57. — Carbo macrorhynchos Less. ?

21. G. varius (Gmel.) — Pelecanus Pica Forst. Desc. Anim.
p- 104. et Icon. ined. 106. ; Phalacrocorax hypoleucus Gould, B. of
Austr. pl.

22. G. leucogaster (Gould), Proc. Z. S. 1837. 156., B. of Austr.
pl. — Carbo hypoleucus Brandt.

23. G. melanoleucus (Vieill.) N. Dict. Hist. Nat. viii. 88. —
Phalacrocorax flavirhynchus Gould, B.of Austr. pl. — Pelecanus
dimidiatus Cuv., Less.

24. G. brevirostris (Gould), Proc. Z. 8. 1837. 26.

25. G. pygmaeus (Pall.) Pall. Itin. t. 9., Pall. Zoogr. t. 74. f. 1.—
Phalacrocorax niger Vieill.; Carbo javanicus Horsf. Gray’s Ill. Ind.
Zool. 1. pl. 71.11. pl. 56. ; Carbo melanognathus Brandt.

26. G. africanus (Gmel.) — Carbo longicaudus Swains. B. of
W. Afr. ii. pl. 31.

In 1760, Brisson used
All these were founded

PELECANIN Z.

31. G. cincinatus (Brandt), Bull. S. Ac. Imp. Petersb. iii. p. 55.

32. G. purpurascens (Brandt), Bull. Sci. Acad. Imp. Petersb. iii.
p- 56.

33. ? G. fuscescens (Vieill.) Ency. Méth. 341.

34, ? G, albidus Pall. Zoogr. ii. p. 305.

27. G. mystacalis (Less.) Tr. d’Orn. p. 604. |

28. G. melanogaster (Less.) Tr. d’Orn. p.604.

29. G. sarmientonus (King), Proc. Z. 8. 1830. p. 30.

30. G. penicillatus (Brandt), Bull. Sci. Acad. Imp. Petersb.
iii. 55.

PeLecaNnus Linn.*

Bill very long, straight ; the culmen rounded at the base, and flat towards the tip, which is strongly
armed with an acute, compressed, strong hook; the sides slightly enlarging towards the tip ; the lower
mandible broader at the base than the upper, and becoming slender towards the tip ; the nostrils basal,
lateral, linear, placed in the lateral groove longitudinally, and hardly visible. Wings moderate, with
the second quill the longest, and the secondaries nearly equalling the quills. Yazl short and rounded.
Tarsi the length of the outer toe,

the middle one longer than the outer, and all four united by a full web. The lower mandible is

strong

g, compressed, and covered with reticulated scales.

Toes long,

furnished beneath, from the base to near the tip, with a naked membrane, capable of great extension, and

advancing some way down the throat.

These large birds are scattered over the world, even in the northern parts of America, as far as 61°. They live
indifferently upon rivers, in lakes, or on the sea coast. In the morning and evening they are seen in small flocks of six
to fourteen individuals, engaged in fishing until their pouch is sufficiently filled; they then retire to the most solitary or
insulated retreat among the rocks and shoals, or doze on the surface of the water, while leisurely digesting their freshly
caught meal. Occasionally they skim the surface of the water, or balance themselves in the air at a moderate elevation,
and then pounce headlong on their prey. It has been remarked, that they occasionally capture their prey by uniting
into large flocks, and encircling a piece of water, beating with their wings near the surface, until the affrighted fish are
driven into a small space, and deprived of all means of escape. ‘Their flight is generally low, and heavily performed in
a waving and almost serpentine course, though sometimes it is very elevated. They deposit their eggs on the rocks,
sometimes in an excavation, near the water or on the banks of cascades, generally choosing places the most difficult

of access; and lay from two to four eggs.

1. P. Onocrotalus (Linn.) Pl. enl. 87., Licht. Abhandl. Akad.
Wiss. Berl. 1838. 436. t. 3. f. 1.— Pelecanus roseus Eversm. ;
Onocrotalus Phoenix Less.

2, P. philippensis Gmel. Sonn. Voy. p. 91. t.54., Pl. enl. 965. —
Pelecanus roseus Gmel.; P. manillensis Gme/. Sonn. Voy. t. 53. ;
P. javanicus Horsf.

3. P. mitratus Licht. Abhandl. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1838. 436. t. 3.
foes

4, P. trachyrhynchus Lath. Licht. Abhandl. Akad. Wiss. Berl.
1838. t. 3. f. 5. — Pelecanus erythrorhynchus Gmel. Shaw, Lev.
Mus. pl. p. 209.; P. americanus Audub. B. of Amer. t. 311.3; P.
Onocrotalus Pr. Bonap.; P. brachydactylus Licht.

* Established by Linneus in 1735 (Systema Nature).

5. P. erispus Bruch, Isis, 1832. 1109., Licht. Abhandl. Akad.
Wiss. Berl. 1838. t. 3. f. 4. — Pelecanus Onocrotalus Pall.

6. P. xufescens Gmel. Abhandl. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1838. t. 3. f.
3., Riipp. Atlas, t.21.; P. cristatus Less. ?

7. P. conspicillatus Temm. Pl. col. 276. — Pelecanus australis
Steph.

8. P. fuscus Linn. PI. enl. 957., Vieill. Gal. des Ois. t. 276.,
Audub. B. of Amer. pl. 251. 421. —Pelecanus carolinensis Gel.
Licht. Abhandl. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1838. t. 3. f. 6. ; Onocrotalus
Hernandezii Wagl.

9. P. Moline G. R. Gray. — Pelecanus thagus Mol. ?

10. P. minor Riipp. Mus. Senkenberg. 1837. p. 186.

It embraces Onocrotalus of Mehring (1752), and of Wagler (1832).

PELECANIN 2.

ATAGEN.*

Bill longer than the head, broad at the base, with the culmen depressed, concave, and suddenly
hooked and acute; the sides compressed and grooved; the lateral margins dilated on the sides near the
base ; the nostrils basal, lateral, linear, placed in the lateral groove, and scarcely visible. Wings
extremely long and narrow, with the first two quills the longest. Tail very long and strongly forked.
Tarsi very short, one third shorter than the outer toe, much compressed, and half covered with feathers.
Toes long, all united by a strongly indented web, the lateral ones unequal, the outer one the longest, and
the hind toe half the length of the middle one; the claws moderate and curved. The throat naked,

and capable of being dilated into an extending pouch, from near the tip of the lower mandible downwards
to the breast.

It is chiefly within the tropics that these birds are found. They are usually observed smoothly gliding through the
air, with the motions of a kite, at an enormous distance from the land; sustaining these vast rapid flights with the
greatest apparent ease even against the strongest gales, and sometimes soaring in flocks so high as to be scarcely visible.
They frequently skim the surface of the waves, or hang suspended with their wings still elevated above the back; and,
thus hovering, when at length they espy a fish (especially the flying fish, as it rises from the waves to escape from its
pursuers in the deep), they dart upon it with the utmost rapidity, and generally with succes; then checking their
career, and flying upwards again with extraordinary dexterity, by the aid of their forked tails and lengthened wings.
These birds attack gulls and other marine birds with their wings and bills, and oblige them to relinquish their prey, or
even to disgorge that which they have swallowed; when so eager and alert are they in the pursuit, as to catch the prey
before it falls into the sea. They are sometimes seen perched on trees or on high rocks; and, when on the ground,
appear to be unable, without great efforts, to rise into the air. From the nature of their plumage, it is supposed that
they never swim or even rest on the surface of the waves. They collect in numbers; and deposit in nests on trees,
rocks, or even on the ground, from one to two eggs.

1. A. Aquila (Linn.) Planches enlumin. 961., Spix, Av. Bras. ii. Nat. der Vogel, t. 20. f. 1, 2.; P. minor Gmel. Edwards’s Birds,
t.105., Banks, Icon. ined. 28., Vieill. Gal. des Ois. t. 274. — | pl. 309.

Pelecanus leucocephalus et P. Palmerstoni Gmel., Kittl. WKupf. 2. A. Ariel (Gould’s MSS.)

* This division was originally proposed by Mcehring, under above the name in 1752. Between 1799 and 1800, Cuvier used
Fregata ; while, in 1816, Vieillot employed Tachypetes.

January, 1845.

yyy pomp
NHIOVLE

PELE CANINA.

t————_+

TOUT
Ve

Ta a
(dddaaaa tha NN

Bullmandels Patent Lithotint

Pownce Neagiia, %. GRACHIUS cathe 3 SULA bafsana. 4. PELECANUS ono crotalus

USA

MCZ LIBRARY
RVARD UNIVERSITY.

CAMBRIDGE. MA

HA

folf del etlith
= MUI VOTER Lb WING U ta b DULELL Aa hs lege a YT = Wali

Page
2.

10.

13.

14.

Aer EN DT XxX.

Gypaetus barbatus. Add: Gould, B. of Eur. pl. 4., Riipp.
Syst. Uebers. Vig. Nord-Ost Afr. t. 1. ; Gypaetos subalpinus
et G. nudipes Brehm, Isis, 1840. p. 771.

Vultur monachus. Add: Gould B. of Eur. pl. 2.

Otogyps calvus. Add: Shaw, Nat. Misc. pl. 941., Gray,
Ill. Ind. Zool. pl. 15. f. 2.

Gyps fulvus. Add: Gould, B. of Eur. pl. 1.

Neophron percenopterus. Pl.enl. 407. Read: 427. Add:
Gould, B. of Eur, pl. 3.

Sarcoramphus gryphus. Add: Sarcoramphus condor
Less.

S. papa. Add: Azara, No. 1.

Cathartes fetens. Add: Azara, No. 2.

C. aura. Add: Azara, No. 3., Wils. Amer. Orn. pl. 75.
ie) Vi

C. ealifornianus.
Trans. (1838).
Examine, and add as a species:

C. septentrionalis (Pr. Max.), Voy de l’Amér. du Nord, App.
p- 247. —Cathartes Burrovianus Gamb. Proc. Acad. Nat.
Sci. Bost.

Ibycter aquilinus.
aquilinus Gmel. &c.
Examine, and add:

I. gymnocephalus D’Orb. & Lafr. Syn. Av. p. 2.

Add: Azara, No. 6.
Add: Azara, No. 5.
Add: Vultur plancus 2 Forst. Descr. Anim.

Add: Licht. F. von Calif. t. 1., Berl.

Read: I. americanus (Bodd.).— Falco

Milvago chimachima.

M. chimango.

M. leueurus.
p. 223.

Polyborus brasiliensis. Add: Azara, No. 4. After Lath.
add: Forst. Descr. Anim. p. 321., Icon. ined. 33.

Aquila chrysaétos. Add: Gould, B. of Eur. pl. 6.; Falco
regalis Temm.

A. bifasciata. Add: A. nipalensis Hodgs. As. Res. xviii.
p- 13. pl. _. are same as the preceding species, 2.

aN Add: Aquila planga Vieill.; A. pomeriana
Brehm ; Spizaetus fuscus Vieill. Gould, B. of Eur. pl. 8.

A. nevioides. Those species marked as 5. 7. and 8. are

nevia.

synonymous.

A. Bonellii. Add: Nisaetus niveus Jerd. Gould, B. of Eur.
pl. 7.; Falco ducalis Licht. ; Type of Tolmaétus Blyth
(1845).

A. pennata.

A. bellicola,

A. coronata. Perhaps these species more properly belong
to the genus Spizaetus.

A. malayensis. Add: Aquila malayana Less.

Add: Gould, B. of Eur. pl. 9.

Page

16.

Wiis

~

A. audaw. Add: Aquila cuneicaudata Brehm, Isis, 1845.
p- 356., Gould, B. of Austr. i. pl. 1.

Spizaetus ornatus. Add: Azara, No. 23. ; Aquila urutau-
rana Dum.

S. tyrannus. Type of Ptenura Kaup (1845).
S. fuscus, &c., are synonymous with Aquila nevia.
Type of Lophoaetus Kaup (1847).
S. albescens is the same as Aquila coronata.
Add: Buteo melanoleucus Vieill. Gal. des

S. oceipitalis.

S. atricapillus.
Ois. t. 14.

S. limnaetos.
limnaetos, &c.
the same. Examine Spizaetus orientalis and S, lanceolatus
Temm. & Schleg. Faun. Jap. t. 3. 7.

8. hastatus.

Read: S. cirrhatus (Gmel.) Kaup. — Falco
The species 8, 9, 10. are now considered to be

Add: Spizaetus punctatus Jerd.

Morphnus urubitinga. Add: Falco longipes £//., Spizaetus
ater, S. maculatus, and S. niger Viei//. are considered to be the
same species. Azara, No. 17, 18. 20.

M. buson. Read : M. equinoctialis (Gmel.)—F. buson Shaw,
&e. Add: Azara, No. 14.; Aquila urubitinga Spiv, Av. Bras.
t. 1.?; Type of Buteogallus Less. (1831). This species more
properly forms part of the genus Buteo.

To this genus add the following species :

M. mewxicanus, Dubus, Bull. Acad. Roy. Brux., also Rev.
Zool. 1848. p. 239.

M. meridionalis (Lath.). — Falco rutilans Licht. ; Aquila
buson Spiv ; Circus rufulus Vieil/. Pl. col. 25.

M. nigricollis (Lath.). — Aquila milvoides Spix, Av. Bras.

1. d. ; Falco busarellus Daud. Levaill. Ois. d Afr. t. 20. ; F.
melanobronchos Shaw ; Circus leucocephalus Vieill. Azara, No.
13.

Cachinna proves to be only a synonyme of Herpetotheres
Vieill. (1818). Therefore the latter should be employed, and
the species will stand as H. cachinnans (Linn.) Vieill. &c.
Add: Azara, No. 15.

Circaetus gallicus. Add: Gould, B. of Eur, pl. 13.

Add: Falco circaétus Temm.; Circus fune-
reus Riipp. Fauna Abyss. t. 14.

C. coronatus. Add: Azara, No. 7.; Asturina Azare Kaup.
To Fauna Peruv. add t. 2.

Read: C. cheela (Gmel.). — Hematornis
undulatus Vigors, &c.
Subjoin as a species :

C. Isidori (O. Des Murs), Rey. Zool. 1845. p. 175.

Add: Pandion Gouldii Kaup.

C. cinereus.

C. solitarius.
C. undulatus.

Pandion Jeucocephalus.
Haliaetus pelagicus. Add: Fauna Japonica, t. 4.; Falco

imperator Kitt/.

Page

19.

_—

20.

APPENDIX.

Add: Gould, B. of Eur, pl. 11.

H. leucocephalus.

H. Washingtoni is now considered to be the same species as

the former one.
H. Macei.
H. milvoides, &c. is synonymous with Morphnus nigricollis.

For H. lineatus read Pandion lineatus Jerd.

Refer to H. vociferoides O. Des Murs, Rey. Zool. 1845. p.

175., Iconogr. Ornith, t. 7.

Pontoaetus leucoryphos is now thought to be the same as

H. Macei.

P. nanus is the same as Pandion humilis.

P. blagrus and P. leucogaster are the same species.
Vieill.
No. 10. read Spizaetus fuscescens Viei/l. Azara, No. 9.

P. melanoleucus. For WHaliaetus leucurus Azara,

Falco /anarius is divided into three species by M. Schlegel:

F. gryfalco Schl. — Falco lanarius Linn, Briss. Orn. t. 13.,

Pl. enl. 462.

F. sacer Schl.— Falco lanarius Temm.
pl. 20.; F. cyanopus Gesn. Thienem Rhea, 1846. t.

F, danarius (Klein). —Falco Feldeggii Schl. Abh. Zool. t.
10.; F. rubeus Alb. Mag. Thienem; F. tanypterus Licht.
Schleg. Abh. der Zool. pt. ii. t. 12, 13.

F. cherrug is the same as F. lanarius,

F. peregrinus.
orientalis Gmel. Ellis, Icon. ined. 7.; F.
Explor. Sci. de l’Algérie, Ois. t.

F. Add: Falco peregrinus Vig. § Horsf.

F. biarmicus. Add: Falco cervicalis Licht.

". subniger. Add: Gould, B. of Austr. pl. 9.

F, deiroleucus is 2 of Hypothorchis rufigularis.

F. frontalis. Thought by Dr. Kaup to be the same as F.

peregrinotdes.

4

melanogenys.

=}

Hypotriorchis subbuteo. Add: Gould, B. of Eur. pl. 22.

H. eleorone (Gmel.) Mem, Acad. Torino, 1840. ii. t. 1, 2.
Add also: F. concolor Temm. (the description ).
Add: Gould, B. of Eur. pl. 25.; Falco ar-
dosiacus Vieill.; F. unicolor Swains.

HI, tibialis is thought to be a variety of H. concolor.

H. arcadieus is now considered to be the same as H. elco-

H. concolor.

rone,

Add: Gould, B. of Eur. pl. 21.; Falco |
puniceus Levaill. |

sould, B. of Eur. |

H. chicquera. Add: B. of W. Afr. pl. 2.; Falco macro- |

dactylus Swains.

H. @salon. Add: Gould, B, of Eur. pl. 24.; Falco smi-
rillus Sav.

H. nove zealandi@ is more properly of the genus Iera-
cidea.

H. femoralis. Add: Falco thoracicus Ji/.; F. cyanescens
Vieill. Azara, No. 39, 40.; F. elegans Swains. MS.

H. semitorquatus.
it forms the subgenus Polihierax Kaup (1847).

Ieracidea occidentalis is the same as I. berigora.
Add: Fauna Japon. t. 1., Gould,
. of Eur. pl. 26.; Falco rufescens Swains.
T. gracilis is the same as T.. cenchris.
Ale
. cenchrordes.
AN

It is more properly a Tinuunculus, and

Tinnunculus alaudarius.

interstinctus is the same as T. alaudarius.
Add: Cerchneis immaculatus Brehm.
Add: Azara, No. 41.
T. sparveroides. Add: Fras. Zool. Typ. pl.
T. vespertinus, Add: Gould, B. of Eur. pl. 23.
Refer to T. desertorum (Daud.) Leyaill. Ois. d’Afr. t. 17.
lerax malayensis. Add: Hierax cerulescens Blyth.

sparverius.

Page

2
i)

26.

27.

32.

. Baza,

I. erythrogenys is the female of I, sericeus.

I. euto/mus is thought by Mr. Blyth to be Falco bengalensis
Briss.

Harpagus bidentatus should be formed into two species, by
separating as one :

H. diodon (Temm.) PI. col. 198.— Bidens femoralis et B.
cinerascens Spix, Av. Bras. t. 8.; Diodon brasiliensis Less.
Add as additional species :

B. Jerdoni Blyth, Jour. A. 8. B. (1842) p. 464. — Type
of Lophastur Bi. (1842),

B. sumatrensis (Lafr.) Rev. Zool. 1847. p. 210.

Avicida cuculoides. Subjoin as synonymous: Avicida Ver-
rauxii et A. buteoides Lafr. Rey. Zool. 1846. pp. 130. 133.

Pernis apivorus. Add: Faleo tachardus Daud. Levaill.
Ois, d’Afr. t. 19.

P. Jerdoni, &c., to be removed to Baza.

Refer to P. madagascariensis A. Smith, 8. Afr. Journ. p.
168.

P. torquatus and P, ruficollis are thought to be the same as
P. cristatus ; and add: O. Des Murs, Iconogr. t. 13, 14.

Milvus niger, Take from this species F. egyptius Gmel.
and F, parasiticus Daud. Levaill. Ois. d’Afr. t. 22.; as they
form a distinct species, viz.

M. e@gyptius (Gmel).— Falco Forskalii Gmel.; F. parasitus
Daud.; F. parasiticus Lath. Levaill. Ois. d’Afr. t. 22., Hist.
de l’Egypte, Ois. t. 3. f. 1.

M. cheela, Read: M. govinda Sykes, Proc. Z. 8. 1832. p.
81. — Milvus cheele Jerd.; Haliaetus lineatus Gray, Ill. Ind.
Zool. pl. 18.

M. melanotis is considered to be the same as M. govinda.

Nauclerus furcatus, Add: Gould, B. of Eur. pl. 30.,
Azara, No. 38.

N. Riocouri.

Rostrhamus hamatus.
No. 16.

Cymindis cayanensis. Add: Spix, Av. Bras. t. 8. ¢.;
*¢ Sparvius monachus, S, griseus, et S. bicolor Vieill. Azara,
No. 34.” Kaup.

C. uneinatus.
Kaup (1845).
Add as another species :

C. Wilsonii Cass, Proceed. Acad. Phil. 1847. p. ., Journ.
Acad. Philad. i. pl. 7.

Ictinea plumbea. Add: Azara, No. 37.; Type of Peci-
lopteryx Kaup (1843).

Type of Chelidopteryx Kaup (1843).
For 91. read 61. Add: Azara,

For 105. read 115.; Type of Regerhinus

Astur: Refer to
AGE . — H. Smith, Griff. An. Kingd. i. pl. p.
236.

-Circus cinereus. Erase Circus campestris Vieill., as it is a
distinet species, viz.

C. frenatus (Illig.). — Cireus campestris Vieil, Azara,
No. 33.

C. melanoleucus. Add: Falco herbecola Tick.

(oF Add: Circus ater Vieill. By some writers
this species is thought to be a black variety of C. cineras-

maurus.

cens.
C. Add: Azara, No. 31.; Type of Spiza-

circus Kaup (1845); perhaps Circus albicollis Vieill, is the

same, Kaup.
C. Jardinii.

macropterus.

Type of Spilocireus Kaup (1847).

APPENDIX.

Page

33.

34,

35.

37.

38.

39.

40.

Examine :
C. poliopterus Tschudi, Fauna Peruana, Consp. p. 6.
C. cerulescens Vieill. N. Dict. d’ Hist. Nat. iv. p. 414. 464,
C. leucophrys Vieill. N. Dict. d’ Hist. Nat. iv. p. 464.
This page ought to have at the top:
The second Suborder,
ACCIPITRES NOCTURNI, or Nocrurnat Birps or Prey, |
have the eyes placed in front, and each more or less surrounded |
with a disc. |
Athene auribarbis may be same as A. cuculoides.
A. erythroptera. Add: Athene undulatus Blyth.
A. castanoptera. Add: A. malabaricus Blyth.
A. scutellata. Add: Athene malayensis Eyton.
A. Woodfordii. More properly a Syrnium.
A. cunicularia. Add: Athene hypudea Pr. Bonap.,
socialis Gamb., perhaps these form a separate species.
A. cayanensis. More properly a Strix.
A. undulata. Young of Ephialtes choliba.
A. lineata should be as A. huhula ( Daud.).
Add: Strix siunda Viei/l.
Add: Faun. Per. t. 4.
Add: Gould, B. of Austr. pl. 33.
Add: Gould, B. of Austr. pl. 32.
Add: Gould, B. of Austr. pl. 34.

A,

A. dominicensis.

A. melanotus.

A. maculata.

A. boobook.

A. strenua.
Examine:

A. marmorata Gould, Proc. Z. S. 1846. p. 18.

pl. 36.

A. bactrianus Hutt. Journ. A. 8. B. 1847. p. 776. — Strix |

persicus Vieill. ?

A. pusilla (Daud.) Levaill. Ois. d’Afr. t. 46. — Athene |

africana Pr. Bonap.
A. Licua Licht. Berl. Verz. 1842. p. 12.
A. -— Strix bakkamuna? Forst. Descr. Anim. p. 157.
A. sandwichensis Blox. Byron’s Voy. p. 250.
A. Lathami (Pr. Bonap.), Rufous Owl, Lath. Hist.
Bubo maximus. Add: Bubo microcephalus Leach.
B. capensis. Add: Bubo africanus Steph.
B. cinerascens may be the same as the preceding species,

5.

Ephialtes swnia is perhaps the same as E. scops.

E. lempiji. Add: Scops griseus, et Sc. malabaricus, et Sc.
lettoides Jerd. ; Strix rufescens Horsf.

E. mantis. The same as E. lempiji.

E. choliba. Add: Strix undulata Spiz, Av. Bras. t. 10.

E. cristata, Add: Strix griseata Lath.

Examine: E. spilocephala (Blyth), Journ. A. 8. B. No. 169.
p- 8.

Ketupu ceylonensis, Add: Strix dumeticola Tick.

Syrnun~# should be changed to ULuninz.

Syrnium aluco. For 137. read 437.

S. newarensis. Read: S. indranee (Sykes). — Ulula? ne-
warense Hodgs. &c.
Add as species :

S.? leptogrammicum (Temm.) Pl. col. 525,

S. nivicolum Hodgs. Journ. A. 8. B. xiv. p. 185.

S. personatum (Daud.) Tr. d’Orn. ii. p. 192., Levaill. Ois.
d’ Afr. t. 44.—Strix larvata Shaw, Nat. Misc. pl. 801.

Otus vulgaris. Add: Gould, B. of Eur. pl. 39.

O. Wilsonius. Read: O. Wilsonianus.

O. maculosus should, according to Dr. Kaup, be placed in
the genus Bubo.

| Page

|
|

A. rufa Gould, Proc. Z. S. 1846. p. 18., B. of Austr. |

41.

coal
or vo

46.

47.

48.

O. ecrassirostris, For 64. read 62. Dr. Kaup thinks this
species to be only a variety of Bubo virginianus.
Examine :

O. helvola Licht. Berl. Verz. 1842. p. 11.

O. grammicus Gosse, B. of Jam. p.19., Ill. of B. Jam. pl.
Nyctale. Add as species :

N. acadica (Gmel.) Pr. Bonap. — Strix acadiensis Lath. ;
Str. passerina Wils, Amer. Orn. pl. 34. f. 1., Audub. B. of
Amer. pl. 199.

N. ? frontalis (Licht.) Berl. Trans. 1858. p. 430,

Erase Strix flammea Vig. § Horsf. For
delicatula read cyclops. Add: Gould, B. of Austr. pl. 29.

S. longimembris should be 8. candida Tick. Journ. A. S. B.
ii. p. 572. — Strix longimembris Jerd. Ill. Ind. Orn. pl. 30.

S. capensis is very like Strix longimembris.

Add: Gould, B. of Austr. pl. 28.

S. cyclops. Read: S. delicatulus Gould, &c. Add: B. of
Austr, pl. 31.; Strix flammea Vig. & Horsf.

S. perlata. Add: Azara, No. 46.

Examine: S. déenebricosa Gould, Proc. Z. 8. 1845. p. 80.,
B. of Austr. pl. 30.

Phodilus badius. Add: Pl. col. 318.

Podargus Stanleyanus is synonymous with P. megacephalus.

P. humeralis is synonymous with P. gracilis; and add:
Podargus australis Steph.

Add as a species :

P. plumiferus Gould, Proc. Z. 8. 1845. p. 104., B. of Austr.

pl. 6.

Batrachostomus cornutus is the same as the preceding

Strix personata.

S. castanops.

species.

Examine: ?B. affinis Blyth, Journ. A. 8. B. 1847. p.

Egotheles cristatus, Add: B. of Austr. pl. 1.

Nyctibius cornutus, Add: Nyctibius urutau La/.

N. jamaicensis. Add: Gosse, Ill. B. of Jam. pl. 6.

Examine: N. ‘pallidus Gosse, B. of Jam. p. 49., Ill. pl. 7.

Caprimulgus asiaticus. Separate Caprimulgus pectoralis
as a distinct species, viz.

C. pectoralis Vieill. Levaill. Ois. d’Afr. t. 49. — Caprimulgus
africanus Steph.

C. mahrattensis.
Ind. Orn. pl. 24.

C. furcifer. Add: Azara, No, 309. — Caprimulgus fissi-
caudus Merr.

Add: Caprimulgus indicus Jerd. Il.

C. manurus. For 243. read 239.

C. enicurus. Add: Caprimulgus cordicilla Merr.; Type
of Tetroura Less. (1843).

C. vociferus. Add: Caprimulgus clamator Vieil.

C. cayanensis. Add: Caprimulgus cayanus Lath, Azara,
No. 314.

C. guianensis. For 318. read 313. Add: Caprimulgus
jaspideus Mer7.

C. albicollis.

C. brasiliensis.

Add: Type of Eucapripodus Less. (1843).

Add: Caprimulgus noitibo Viel
Examine :

C. sphenurus Vieill. N. Dict. d’ Hist. Nat. x. p. 243., Azara,
No. 316.—Caprimulgus Azare Merr.

C. Nutiallii Audub. B. of Amer. 2d edit. pl. 495.

C. macrourus Horsf. Linn. Trans. xiil. p. 142.

C. albonotatus Tick. Journ. A.S. B. ii. p. 580.

C. (des roseaux) Homb. & Jacq. Voy. au Pole Sud, t.

1, &

Page

40.

in
—~l

. Collocalia.

APPENDIX.

C. madagascariensis Sganz. Mém, Soc. d’Hist. Nat. Strasb.
ili. p. 28.

Chordeiles rufus. Add: Azara, No. 311,? —Caprimulgus
brachypterus Steph.

Kurostopodus albogularis, Add: Gould, B. of Austr. pl. 7.
Add: Gould, B. of Austr. pl. 8.

Read : 8. climacurus.

KE. guttatus.
Scortornis climacturus.
Cypselus balasinesis read C. balasiensis.

C. affinis. Add: Cypselus montanus Jerd.

©. nigra. Add: Gosse, Ill. B. of Jam. pl. 10.
C. ——. Read C. leucorrhoa Steph. Gen. Zool. x. p. 327.

Refer to

C. leuconyx Bl. Journ. A. 8. B. xii. p. 212.

C. phenicobia Gosse, B. of Jam. p. 58., Ill. B. of Jam,
pl. 9.—Type of Tachornis Gosse (1847).
Macropteryx. Add as another species :

M. coronatus (Tick.) Journ. A. 8. B, 1833. p. 580, — Den-
drochelidon velatus Less.
Add as another species .

C. francice (Gmel.).

Acanthylis collaris. Add: Cypselus torquatus Licht. ; Type
of Hemiproene Nitzsch (1840).
Add: Azara, No. 307.
More properly a Cypselus.

More properly a Cypselus.
For 726. f. 2. read 726. f. 1.
Add as additional species :

A. poliourus (Temm.) Pl. enl, 726. f. 2.—Acanthylis bra-
chyura Jard.

A. sylvatica Tick. Journ. A. S. B. xv. p. 284.
Add: H. castanea Less.

A. oavyura.
A.? senex,
A.? montivagus.

A. spinicauda.

Hirundo cahirica.

H. javanica, &c., are now considered to be synonymous with
H, gutturalis (p. 58.).

H. americana. Add: Hirundo platensis Steph.
H. senegalensis.
H. fulva. Add:

into a species, viz.

Hirundo peeciloma Gosse, but separate

J

w

. of Amer. pl. 68.
H.

. thalassina.

bicolor. Add: Hirundo leucogaster Steph.
Add: Hirundo viridis Licht.
For 246. read 546.
For 18. read 76.

Add: Azara, No. 302.

. pascuum is now considered to be a Progne.

. albiventer.
. gutturalis.
H. cyanopyrrha.

H. minuta is synonymous with H. cyanoleuca.
. fucata may be a Cotyle.

H. concolor may be a Cotyle.

H. brevicaudata is the same as Cotyle sinensis.

H. abyssinica. Add: Hirundo striolata Riipp. Syst. Uebers. |

Nord-Ost Afr. t. 6.
Add as other species :
H.
p- 40.
H. melanocrissus Riipp. Syst. Uebers. Vég. Nord-Ost Afr. t 5.
H. euchrysea Gosse, B. of Jam. p. 68., Ill. pl. 12.
H. patagonica D’Orb. & Lafr. Syn, Av. p. 69.
Add: Hirundo ludoviciana Cuv.

Vog.

. —Hirundo frontalis Gould, Voy. Beagle, Birds,

Progne purpurea.
P. domestica is thought by M. D’Orbigny to be the same
as P. purpurea,

Add: Hirundo rufula Gould, B. Eur. pl. |

H. /unifrons Say, Pr. Bonap. Amer. Orn. pl. 7. f.1., Audub. |

| Page

60.

Ol.

69.

70.

78.
=

Cotyle rupestris,
picola Hodgs.
Examine, and add as species:

C. sinensis (Gray), Ul. Ind, Zool, pl. 35. f. 8.—Hirundo
brevicaudata McClell.

C. concolor (Sykes), Proc. Z. S. 1832. p. 83.

C. hyemalis Forst. Desc. Anim. p. 55.

C. serripennis (Audub.). Orn. Biogr, iv. p. 593.

Brachypteracias pittoides. Add: Type of Atelornis Lafr.
(1846).

Refer to

B. collaris Pucher, Rev. Zool. 1846. p. 199.

B. squamigera Lafr. Rey. Zool. 1838. p. 224., O. Des
Murs, Iconogr. Ornith. t. 39.

Coracias caudata. Add: Coracias natalensis Licht.

C. indica. Add: Coracias Levaillantii Zemm.

C. nuchalis is perhaps C. caudata.

C. affinis is perhaps C. indica.

Todus subulatus is perhaps the same as Todus domini-
censis Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1847. p. 331., Gal. des Ois. t. 124. ?

Eurylaimus Dalhousie. Add: Royle, Ill. of Bot. pl. 7.
1 eas

Momotus platyrhynchus.
(1837).

Refer to as a new species :

M. carinatus Dubus, Bull. Acad. Roy. Belg. 1848. p.
Rey. Zool. 1848. p. 249.

Trogon eurucura. Read: JT. Surucura; and add: Azara,
Hist. Nat. d'Quadr. du Paraguay, t. 24.

Additional species:

T. xalapensis Dubus, Esquises Ornith. t. 2.

T. assimilis Gould, Proc. Z. 8. 1846. p. 67.

T. heliothrix Tschudi, Faun. Per. Consp. p. 40.

T. capistratus Less. Rey. Zool. 1842. p. 135.

Harpactes Temminckii. For T. Kondea Raff. read 'T. Kas-
sumba afl.

H. Erase. T. Kassumba Raffi.

H. oreskios. Add: Trogon Gouldii Swains.

H. Reinwardtii. Add: Trogon sulphureus Begbie.
Examine H. Mockloti (Miill.) Tijdsch. Nat. Gesch. 1835.
p) 636. Basie,

H. flagrans (Miill.) Tijdsch. Nat. Gesch. 1835. p. 336.
It is perhaps the same as H. erythrocephalus.

Add: Hirundo inornatus Jerd. ; H. ru-

Add: Type of Crypticus Swains.

2.

rutilus.

Calurus pulchellus is synonymous with C. antisianus.
Add: Tamatia tamajac Less.
Add as an additional species :

B. panamensis Lafr. Rey. Zool. 1847. p. 79.
Monasa. Add as new species:

M. unitorques Dubus, Bull.
p. ., Rev. Zool. 1848. p. 248.

M. inornata Dubus, Bull. Acad. Roy. Belg. 1848. p. x
Rev. Zool. 1848. p. 249.

Dacelo Leachiit. Add: Gould, B. of Austr. ii. pl. 19.

Halcyon cinereifrons. Erase the ?

H. torquata is synonymous with H. cinereifrons.

H. erythrogaster. Dr. Kaup considers that the proper name
of this species is H. semicerulea (Forsk.).

H. albiventris is the same as H. pileata.

H. fusca. Add: Alcedo macroura Merr. ?

H. amauroptera. Add: Alcedo gurial Pears. ; Al. brun-

Bucco maculatus.

Acad. Roy. Belg. 1848.

APPENDIX.

Page

80.

81.

83.

86.

neiceps Jerd. ; and, by some writers, these are considered to be |

the same as H. javana.

H. leucogaster is a true Alcedo.

H. sordida. Add: Gould, B. of Austr. ii, pl. 23.

H. sancta. Add: Gould, B. of Austr. ii. pl. 21,

H. cerulea is a true Alcedo.

Examine H. occipitalis (Blyth), Journ. A. S. B. 1846. p. 23.

Ceyx triductyla. Erase Jard. & Selby, Ill. Orn, pl. 55. f. 2.

C. rubra is the same species as C. tridactyla.

Add as separate species:

C. rufidorsa Strickl. — Ceyx tridactyla Jard. & Selby, Ml.
Orn. pl. 55. f.2.; Alcedo madagascariensis Jerd. Ill. Ind.
Orn. pl. 25. a

C. melanura Kaup, Verh. Nat. Ver. Darmst. 1848. p. 74.

? C. cyanopectus Lafr. Rey. Zool. 1840. p. 33.

Alcedo vintsioides. Add: Edwards’s Birds, pl. 336.
Examine as distinct species:

A. nitida Kaup, Verh. Nat. Ver. Darmst. 1848. p. 72.

A. Nais Kaup, Verh. Nat. Ver. Darmst. 1848. p. 72. —
Type of Corythornis Kaup (1848).

And refer to:

A. nigricans Blyth, Journ. A.S. B. 1847. p.

A. grandis Blyth, Journ. A.S. B. xiv. p. 190.

A. moluccensis Blyth, Journ. A. S. B. 1847. p.

Add from Halcyon :

A. leucogaster, &c.

A. cerulea, &c., which is the type of Ispida Kaup (1848) ;
and add: Alcedo todina Merr.

Aleyone azurea. Add: Gould, B. of Austr. ii. pl. 25. ;
Ceyx cyanea Less.

A. pulchra and A. diemenensis are now considered to be only
varieties of A. azurea.

Galbula viridis. Add: Galbula viridicauda Sw.? ; Galbula
ruficollis Shaw.

G. ruficauda is distinct from Galbula macroura Vieill., which
is a separate species.

G. tridactyla. Add: Galbula armata Swains.

Refer to Galbalcyorhynchus leucotis O. Des Murs, Rev. Zool.
1845. p. 207. (non vidi).

Merops persicus is synonymous with M. egyptius.

M. e@gyptius. Separate into a distinct species :

M. viridissimus Swains. Pl. enl. 740,

While Leyaill. Guep. t.10., and M. Lamarckii Vieil/. are
synonymous with M. viridis.

M. Savignii, &c., is synonymous with M. egyptius.

M. javanicus is probably synonymous with M. philippinus.

M. ornatus. Add: Merops melanurus Vig. 5; Horsf.; M.
Thouni Dum.

M. badius should be: M. bicolor (Bodd.).— Merops badius
Gmel., &c.

M. hirundinaceus more properly belongs to Melittophagus ;
and add: Merops furcatus Stanley.

M. Leschenaultii. Add: Merops urica Horsf.

M. coromandus. Read: M. lutea Scop. — M. coromandus
Gmel. &e.

M. O. Des Murs has described:

M. Lefebvrii, O. Des Murs, Rev, Zool, 1846. p. 243.

M. nubicoides O. Des Murs, Rev. Zool. 1846, p. 243.
Examine also:

M. cyanopygius Less. Tr. d’Orn. p. 238.

| Page

M. azuror Less. Tr. d’Orn. p. 238.

Upupa Epops. Add: U. macrorhyncha Sandb.

Add: U. capensis Jard. Il. Orn. pl. 142.
Erase 9.

Add: Falcinellus cyaneus Vieill.

I. eyanomelas.

90.
U. minor.
Irrisor caudacutus
I. indicus.

For purpurascens read purpurea.

Add: Epimachus splendidus Steph

Add: Gould, B. of Austr. iv. pl. 100.

Erase Ellis, Icon. ined. 28.

D. sanguinea. Add: Ellis, Icon. ined 30, 31.

D. lucida. Add: Ellis, Icon. ined. 28.

Promerops cafer. For Strickl. read Shaw; and add: Pro-
merops capensis Less.; Cinnyris longicaudatus Vieill.

Nectarinia splendida. Add: Cinnyris sugnimbindus Less.

Add: Cinnyris quinticolor Less.

amethystina. Add: Cinnyris aurifrons Less.

. violacea. Add: Cinnyris croceus Less.

. melanura to be erased.

. angladiana. Add: Cinnyris madagascariensis Quoy &

Gaim, Voy. de l’Astrol. Ois. t. 5. f. 3.

N. olivacea is considered by Dr. Hartlaub to be a species of

94. Epimachus magnificus.
E. paradiseus.

Drepanis coccinea.

96.

97.

venusta.

a Ara a

the genus Zosterops.

N. zeylonica. Add: Cinnyris nigralbus Less.

N. mahrattensis. Add: Cinnyris iodeus Less.
Add a new species :

Arachnothera wropygialis G. R. Gray.

Diceum sanguinolentum. For Pl. en]. read PI. col.

D. rubescens. Add: Pl. col. 108. f. 2, 3.

D. concolor. Add: Jerd, Ill. Ind. Orn. pl. 39.
Add as separate species :

D. saccharina (Lath.) Eyton.

D. agile Tick. Journ. A.S. B. ii. p. 578. — Pipra squalida
Burt.; Psarisoma vireoides Jerd.; Type of Piprisoma Blyth
(1844).

99.

100.

101 Add as a species of Cereba :
C. nitida Hart]. Rev. Zool. 1847. p. 84.
| 102. Conirostrum sitticolor. Add: Conirostrum bicolor Less.

Add as species:
C. ceruleifrons Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1842. p. 103.
C. atrocyaneum Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1848. p. 9.

‘

108. Polytmus fureatus. Add: Type of Thaluronia Gould
(1848).
Refer to:
P. obscurus (Gould), Proc. Z. S. 1848. p. 13.
P. viridipectus (Gould), Proc. Z. 8. 1848.-p. 13.
P. caligatus (Gould), Proc. Z. 8. 1848. p. 14.
109. Trochilus polytmus, Add: Ill. B. of Jam. pl. 20.
113. Mellisuga helianthea. Add: Type of Helianthea Gould,

1848.
M. Clarissa. Add: Type of Heliangelus Gould (1848).
M. cupripennis, Add: Type of Agleactis Gould (1848).
M. Guerini. Add: Type of Oxypogon Gould (1848).
Refer to:
M. eos (Gould), Proc. Z. S. 1841. p. 11. Aves, pl. 1.
M. mavors (Gould), Proc. Z. 8. 1848. p. 12. Aves, pl. 2.
M. caumatonota (Gould), Proc. Z. 8. 1848. p. 12.
114, Hylocharis nigra. Add: Il. B. of Jam. pl. 21.
118. Add as species of Myzomela :
M. Bei Temm. & Mill. Verh. Gesch. &c. t. 10. f. 12.
M. vulnerata Temm. & Miill. Verh. Gesch. &c. t. 10. f. 3, 4.
b

124.

125.

127.
128.

129.
132.

APPENDIX.

Glyciphila melanops, Add: Certhia mellivora Shaw; Phile-
don rubrifrons Less.
Add: B, of Austr. iv. pl. 31.

G. subocularis is the same as the former.
Add: Turdus squamatus Vieill.

G. ocularis.

Meliphaga phrygia.

M. auricomis. For Sylvia read Muscicapa. Add: Gould,
B. of Austr. pl. 37.; Certhia chrysotis Don Nat. Rep. pl.
112,

M. Lewinii is the same as M. Chrysotis.

M. australasiana. Add: Gould, B. of Austr. pl. 27.

M. nove hollandie. Add: Gould, B. of Austr. pl. 23.

M. sericea. Add: Gould, B. of Austr. pl. 25.

M. mysticalis. Add: Gould, B. of Austr. pl. 26.

M. carunculata. Add: Creadion tabuensis Steph. ; Type

of Creadion Vieill, (1816).

There is another species of this genus, as:
M. longirostris Gould, B. of Austr. pl. 24.
Anthochera mellivora. For Meliphaga albiventer Steph.

read Merops chrysopterus Lath.

Add: Gould, B. of Austr, pl. 55. ; Crea-

dion nove hollandie Steph.

A. Lewinii is synonymous with A, carunculata.
Erase Chloropsis moluccensis ;
Philemon nigricollis

A. carunculata.

Phyllornis cochinsinensis.
but add: Certhia cosinsinica Shaw ;
Vieill. ; Chloropsis malabarica Bl.

P. malabarica. Read: P. moluccensis (Gray), Zool. Mise.
p. 33. — P. malabarica Temm. Pl. col. &c.

P. Sonneratii. Separate Phyllornis Mullerii as a distinct
species, viz.

P. Mullerii Temm. PI. col. (descrip.).

P. mysticalis is the same as P. cyanopogon.

P. virens to be erased.

P. ? jala is most probably a species belonging to the genus
Pitta.

There is another species, viz.

P. malabarica (Lath.)
sis Jerd.

Tropidorhynchus corniculatus.
pl. 58.

T. argenticeps.

TY. citreogularis.

. — Chloropsis cochinsinen-~
Add: Gould, B. of Austr.

Add: Gould, B. of Austr. pl. 59.
Add: Gould, B. of Austr, pl. 60.

T. moluccensis. Add: Philemon cinereus Vieill.
Examine :

T. sordidus Gould, Introd. B. of Austr. p. 64.

T. diemenensis Less. Tr. d’Orn. p. 401.

T. subcorniculatus Homb. & Jacq. Ann. des Sci. Nat. 1841.
p- 314.

T. samoensis Homb. & Jacq. Ann, des Sci. Nat. 1841.
p. 314.

Manorhina garrula.

Melithreptus dunulatus.
B. of Austr. pl. 72.

3. M. Read: M. agilis (Lath.).

M. affinis, &c., are synonymous with M. agilis.
Two other species are to be added, viz.

M. chloropsis Gould, B. of Austr. pl. 73.

M. albogularis Gould, B. of Austr. pl. 74.

Psophodes ecrepitans. Add: B. of Austr. pl. 15.

Furnarius rufus. Add: Azara, No. 221.

Cinclodes inorvnatus is synonymous with C. nigrofumosus.

Add: Gracula melanocephala Lath.
Read: M./unatus. Add: Gould,

137.

138.

140.

Lochmias St. Hilarii. Read: L. nematura (Licht.), —
Furnarius Sti. Hilarii Less. &c.

. Add a fifth species of Limnornis:

L. unicolor Lafr, Rev. Zool. 1840. p. 105, — Cinnicerthia
cinnamomea Less.
Geositta cunicularia. Add: Azara, No. 148.
Add a fifth species, viz.
G. peruviana Lafr. Rev, Zool. 1847. p. 75.
Synallaxis ruficapilla. Add: Azara, No. 236. For 74. read
174.
. ruficauda,
. cinerascens.

mM

For 223. read 233

For 228. read 227.

. Thelotii is synonymous with 8. egithalotdes.
. rufifrons more properly placed in the genus Annumbius.
melanops. For 232. read 400. For 400. read 232.

. spinicauda. Add: Type of Oxyurus Swains (1827).
Add as another species :

S. terrestris Jard. Ann. Nat. Hist. xix. p. 80.

Diglossa baritula. Dr. Hartlaub considers that D. Orbignii
Bois. should be a distinct species.

D. La Fresnayii. He also thinks that D. humeralis should
be placed separately.

Add as new species :

D. similis Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1846. p. 318.

D. mystacalis Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1846. p. 318. — Diglossa
mystacea G. R. Gray § Mitch. Gen. of B. pl. 42. f. 1.

D. brunneiventris Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1846. p. 318.

D. aterrima Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1846. p. 319.

Anabates guianensis. Add: Anabates ruficaudus T’emm.

A. striatus is synonymous with A. macrourus.

. poliocephalus. Add: Azara, No. 247 ?

. montanus. Add: t. 20. f. 1.

. ochrolemus. Add: t. 20. f. 2.

. melanorhynehus. Add: t.21. f.1.

. striaticollis. Type of Anabacerthia Lafr.

Oxyrhamphus flammiceps. Add: Oxyrhynchus serratus
Mikan, Delec. Flor. et Faun. Bras. 1820. t. This spe-
cific name is the oldest.

Dendrocolaptes cayanensis should be D. certhia (Bodd).—
Certhia cayanensis Gmel. Pl, enl. 621. Add: Type of Or-
thocolaptes Less. (1840).

D. albicollis. For 87. read 88. Add: Type of Xithoco-
laptes Less. (1840).

D. major. Add: Azara, No. 241.

Refer to:
D. susurrans Jard. Ann. Nat. Hist. xix. p. 81.
D. picirostris Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1847. p. 76.
Dr. Hartlaub has pointed out to me the following : —
* D. rufigula (Less.) Echo de M. 8. 1844, p. 275.”
«<P, ___————- Nasica albicollis Less. Echo de M. §.
p- 275."

“ Xiphorhynchus faleularius may be synonymous with Dendr.
trochilirostris P7. Max. ; Xiphorhynchus Wiedii Behn.” Hartl.

3. kX: —=—__—=P “Add: * Vey. dans TAmer. Mer, (53;
f. 2. It is X. Lafresnayanus (D’Orb.).

Picolaptes tenuirostris. Add: Dendrocolaptes

TA MM |

rr Pr PS

gracili-
rostris Steph.

P. superciliosus. For pyrrhophius read pyrrhopheus.
Add: Dendrocopus rubricaudatus Vieill.
For Lafr. read Less.

P. miniatus.
P. promeropirhynchus.

APPENDIX. 7

Page

141.

142,

143.

14.4,

147.

148.

Dr. Hartlaub has referred me to “ P. maculiventris ( Less.)
Echo de M.S. 1844. p. 275.”

Dendrocincla Perrotii. Add: Mag. de Zool. 1844. Ois. t. 53.
Add as a separate species :

D.? triangularis (Lafr.) Mag. de Zool. 1843. Ois. t. 32.

Sittasomus erythacus. Add: Kittl. Kupf. der Vog. t. xxiv.
f. 2., Levaill. Prom. t. 31. f. 1.

Add two species :

S. griseus Jard. Ann. Hist. Nat. xix. p. 82.

S. perlatus Less. Echo de M.S. 1844. p. 275.

“Tt seems to be Anabates squamiger D’Orb. & Lafr.’ Hartl.

Certhia familiaris. Perhaps C. americana Pr. Bonap. may
be a distinct species.

Refer to:

C. nipalensis Hodgs. Journ, A. S. B. xiv. p. 581. —Certhia
himalayana Bl

C. discolor Bl. Journ A, S§. B. xiv. p. 580.

Caulodromus Gracei. Add: Rimator malacoptilus Blyth,
Journ. A. S. B. 1847. p. 155.; Merva Jerdonii Hodgs,
M‘Clell. Calc. Journ. Nat. Hist. 1847. p. 46. pl. 3. f. 2.
Add: Levaill. Prom. t. 20, 21.

Climacteris leucophea. For Glyciphila ocularia et G. sub-
ocularia Gould? read Certhia leucoptera Lath. Vieill. Ois. dor.
t.127.2 Add: Gould, B. of Austr. pl. 98.

. scandens. Add: Gould, B. of Austr. pl. 93.
. erythrops. Add: Gould, B. of Austr. pl. 95.
. rufa. Add: Gould, B of Austr. pl. 94.

. melanura. Add: Gould, B. of Austr. pl. 97.
. melanotus. Add: Gould, B. of Austr pl. 96.
To this genus perhaps belongs, —

C. mystacalis (Temm.) PI. col. 335. f. 2., Kittl. Kupf. Vég.
fe Ont 2:

Tichodroma muraria.

a ig co

Sitta europea. Add: S. affinis Blyth, Pr. Bonap. Faun.
Ital. t.

S. syriaca. Add: Pr. Bonap. Faun. Ital. t. . f.

S. uralensis. Add: Sitta sericea Temm.

S. canadensis. Add: Sitta stulta Vieill.

S. castaneoventris. Add: Guer. Iconogr. t. 23. f. 3.

S. himalayensis. Add: Sitta indica Burt.

S. nipalensis is perhaps synonymous with S. himalayensis.
Examine:

S? major Gmel.

S. jamaicensis Linn. Sloane, Jam. pl. 259. f. 1.

S. longirostris Lath.

Sittella chrysoptera. Add: Gould, B. of Austr. pl. 101.
Add: Gould, B. of Austr. pl. 102.

Insert before Dromodend=on :

XENOPS Hoffm.*

Bill more or less long and strong, with the culmen straight
to the tip, which is rather pointed ; the lateral margin from the
gape, and the lower mandible entirely, curving upwards to the
tip of the upper mandible ; the sides much compressed from
the base ; the gonys very long; the nostrils basal, with the
opening small and partly closed by a membrane. Wings
rather long, with the first quill long, and the third and fourth
equal and longest. ail moderate, broad, with the lateral
feathers graduated, with the shaft of each feather not project-

S. leucocephala.

* Established by Hoffmansegg, and published in Illiger’s |

Prod. (1811). Neops (1816) Vieillot is synonymous.

ois
153.

154.

155.

156.

159.

ing beyond the web. Tar'si shorter than the middle toe, and
covered with broad scales. Toes rather long; the outer toe
longer than the inner; both united at their base ; the hind toe
long, strong, and armed with a strong claw.

The species of this genus are peculiar to the warmer parts

of South America.

X. genibarbis Il. Temm. Pl. col. 150. f. 1.—Neops ru-
ficauda Vieill. ; Xenops Hoffmanseggii Cuv. Levaill. Prom.
(Bolo ti 2

X. rutilans Temm. Pl. col. 72. f. 2.— Xenops rutilus Licht. ;
X. genibarbis Swains. Zool. ll. pl. 100. ; X. affinis Swains.

X. dentirostris Swains. Two Cent. and a Quart. p. 353.

X. fuscus (Vieill.) Lafr.— Xenops anabatoides Temm.
BIS cols 505 12:

X. rufosuperciliatus Lafr. Mag. de Zool. 1832., Ois. t. 7.

X. Abellei Less. Rev. Zool. 1840. p. 99.

Orthonyx spinicauda. Add: B. of Austr. pl. 99.

Menura superba. Add: Megapodius nemura Wagl.; Me-
nura lyra Less. Gould, B. of Austr. pl. 14.

Hylactes megapodius. Add: Kittl Kupf. der Vég. t. 16.
iio Ue

Pteroptochos albicollis.
fi:

P. affinis is synonymous with Cyphorhinus thoracicus and
should take the lead.

P. albiventris, &c., is synonymous with P. indigoticus.

P. chilensis is type of Triptorhinus Cab. (1847).

To this genus perhaps belong the following : —

P.? femoralis Tschudi, Fauna Per. Consp. 21.

P. ? acutirostris Tschudi, Fauna Per. Consp, 22.

Read C. affinis (Swains.) B.
of Braz. pl. 57.—Cyphorinus thoracicus Tschudi, &c.

C. carinatus is synonymous with C, musieus. Add: Pla-
tyurus rubecula Swains.
Add as species:

C. leucophrys (Tsch.) Cab. Faun. Peru. Consp. p. 185.

C. leucostictus Cab. Ornith. Notiz. p. 206.

Tesia castaneocoronata.
Journ. A. 8. B. 1847. p. 137.

Troglodytes subhimalayensis.
Hodgs.

T. @don.

T. americanus.

Add: Kittl. Kupf. der Vég. t. 16.

Cyphorhinus thoracicus.

Add: Tesia auriceps Hodgs.
Add: 'Troglodytes nipalensis

Add: Audub. B. of Amer. pl. 83.
Add: Troglodytes sylvestris Gamb.
T. platensis. Add: Azara, No. 150.; Troglodytes mus-
eulus Licht.
T. leucophrys. Remove to Cyphorinus.
T. Bewickii is synonymous with T. spilurus.
Remove to Formicivora.
Add: Troglodytes omnisomus Licht.
Refer also to the following : —
T. stellaris Licht, Naum. Voy. Deut. iii. p. 724.
T. interscapularis Licht. Erman, Reise Zool. p. 13.
T. albinucha Cabot, Proc. Bost. Soc. 1847. p. 257.
Campylorhynchus variegatus. Add: Ramphocinclus tre-
mulus Zafr. An additional species should be added, as:
C. nuchalis Cab. Ornith. Notiz. p. 206.
Examine also:
C. brachyurus (Vieill.) Rev. Zool. 1843. p. 66.— Type of
Ramphocinclus Lafr, (1843).
C. gutturalis (Lafr.) Rev. Zool. 1843. p. 66.

T. attothoraz.
T. polygottus.

Page

174.

178.

APPENDIX.

Add to this subfamily :
TATARE Less.

Bill longer than the head, rather slender and nearly straight,
with the culmen gradually curved from the base to the tip,
which is hooked and emarginated ; the sides much compressed ;
the gonys long and slightly ascending, and the gape fur-
nished with a few short bristles; the nostrils basal, with the
opening large and placed at the fore part of the membranous
groove, the membrane covered with small feathers. Wings
rounded, with the first quill very short.
Tarsi

moderate and
Tail moderately long, rather broad and rounded.
longer than the middle toe, strong, and covered with broad
Toes moderate and strong, the outer toe longer than

the inner, and slightly united at the base; the hind toe long,

scales.

strong, and armed with a powerful claw.

The species are inhabitants of the Sandwich and Mariannes
Islands. That of the latter island is found in the marshes
on the sides of the rivers, and it possesses an agreeable loud
song.

’, longirostris (Gmel.) G. R. Gray. —Oriolus muse Forst.
Icon. ined. 55.; Sitta otatare Less. Voy. de la Coqu. Ois.
t. 23. f. 2.; Tatare Otaitiensis Less.

T. luscinia (Quoy & Gaim.) Voy. del’Astrol. Ois. t. 5. f. 2.
Voy. au Pole Sud, Ois. t. 20. f. 5.

T. fusca Less. Rey. Zool. 1842. p. 209.

Add: Motacilla macroura var. ocel-

>
_

Drymoica maculosa.
lata Burch,

D. ruficeps.

D. strigatus.
Austr. pl. 72.

Add: B. of Austr. pl. 45.
Read C. sagittus ; and add: Gould, B. of
Malurus melanocephalus. Add: Gould, B. of Austr. pl. 26.

Calamodyta l/eucoptera. Remove to /Edon.

. Add as other species of AEdon :

/Edon tinniens (Licht.) Berl. Verz. 1842. p.
ZE. leucoptera (Riipp.) Syst. Uebers. Vig. t. 15.
Add to) Plcoles Ont. 2: 2b 2.13

Read umbrovirens.

Sylvia subalpina.

S. umbrinovirens.

Refer to S. ? madagascariensis (Gmel.) Briss. Orn. iii. t. 22.
Toul

Culicivora c@rulea, Add: Edw. Birds, pl. 302., Wils.

Amer. Orn. pl. 17. f. 5., Pr. Bonap. Amer. Orn. pl. 11. f. 2. ; |

Sylvia populorum Vieill.; S. bifasciata Say ; S. azurea Steph.
Copsychus saularis.

cilla luzonia Tick.
C. luzoniensis. Add: Mém. de l’Acad. St. Pétersb. 1835.

f. 2. pode tu 7.

Perhaps to Myiomela belongs:
M., diana (Less.) Belang. Voy. Ind. Or. t. 3.

Add: Zoogr. i. p. 479. t. 28.

S. /ugens is probably synonymous with S. leacomela.

Saxicola /eucomela.

S. pileata.
S. explorator.
name has the priority; Saxicola familiaris Steph.; Turdus sor-
didulus Fost. Descr. Anim. p. 404., Icon. ined. t. 47. 6.
The following species must be referred to :
S. ferrea Hodgs. List. of Nep. B. App. p. 153.
. mesta Licht. Cat. Dupl. Berl. Mus. p. 33.
. thoracica Licht. Cat. Dupl. Berl. Mus. p. 32.
. incompta Licht. Verz. Sud-Afr. Thiere, p. 13.
. atrogularis Blyth, Journ. A. S. B. 1847. p.

MNMN MN

Add: Dahila docilis Hodys.; Mota- |

Add: Turdus minus Forst. Descr. Anim. p. 52. |
Add: Motacilla caffra Linn., which specific |

Page

180.

181.

| 184.

185.

189.

S. picata Blyth, Journ, A. S. B. 1847. p. 131.

8. sibilla (Linn.) Hartl. Briss, Orn, iii. t. 24. f. 4.

8.? pallida Blyth, Journ, A. 8. B. 1847. p. 130.

Perhaps to this genus belongs

S. mariquensis A, Smith, Ill. Zool. S. Afr. pl. 113.—T ype
of Bradornis Smith (1847).

Pratincola rubicola. Add: Motacilla Tschekanschiki Lepech.
Sylvia muscipeta Scop. and Pratincola pastor Strick/. Ann.
Nat. Hist. 1844. p. 410.

Add as species :

P. insignis Hodgs. List Nep. B. App. p. 153.

P. indica Blyth, Journ, A. 8. B. 1847. p. 129.

P. leucura Bl. Journ. A. 5S. B. 1847. p. 474.

Ruticilla fuliginosa. Add: Phoenicura rubricauda /odgs.

R. Reevesii is synonymous with R. aurorea.

R. frontalis. Add: Pheenicura tricolor Hodgs.

R. simplex is perhaps synonymous with R. phenicura.

Add as another species :
R. schisticeps (Hodgs.) List of Nep. B. App. p. 153.
R. erythronota (Kversm.) Addend. ad Pall.

Add as another species of Nemura :
N. hyperythra (Blyth), Journ. A. S. B. 1847. p. 132.

. Add as another species of Cyanecula :

C. cyanea (Eversm.) Addend. ad Pall.

Petroica multicolor. Divide into a separate species :

P. erythrogastra (Lath.) &c. and add: Gould, B. of Austr.
pl. 4. Add as synonymes: Petroica modesta et P. pulchella
Gould, Proc. 1837. p. 147. 1839. p. 142.

P. fusca may be synonymous with Muscicapa vittata Quoy
5 Gaim. Voy. de l’Astrol. t. 3. f. 2.

P. erythrogaster. Erase, and read: P. rhodinigastra (Drap.),
&e. Add: Gould, B. of Austr. pl. 1.; Muscicapa rhodogaster
Lath. ?

Examine, as probably belonging to this genus :

P. chrysoptera Quoy & Gaim. Voy. de l’Astrol. t. 4. f. 2.

P. Jardinii (Vig. & Horsf.) Linn. Trans. xv. p. 236.

P. superciliosa Gould, Proc. Z. 8. 1846. p. 106., B. of Austr.
pl. 9.

P. dibapha Forst. Descr. Anim. p. 267., Icon. ined. 150.

Grandala celicolor. Add: G. schistacea Hodgs. (young).

Thamnobia fulicata (Linn.) Pl. enl. 585. f. 1. should be
placed before T. ptymatura, &c.

For T. fulicata (Linn.) Pl enl. 585. f. 1. read T.
cambaiensis (Lath.) ; and add Micropus leucopterus Less.

Motacilla fulicata Tick. is considered by Mr. Blyth to form
a distinct species.

Origma rubricata. Add: Gould, B. of Austr. pl. 69.

. Refer to another species of Accentor :

A. mollis Blyth, Journ. A. 8. B. xiv. p. 581.

Enicocichla aurocapilla. Add: Edw. Birds pl. 252.,
Audub. B. Amer. pl. 143.

Add as a species :

E. noveboracensis (Gmel.)— Turdus aquaticus Wils. Amer.
Om. pl. 23. f. 5., Pl. enl. 752. f. 1.?; Seiurus tenuirostris
Swains. Audub. B. of Amer. p. 426., Gosse, Ill. B. of Jam.
pl. 28.; Turdus ludovicianus Audub. B. of Amer. pl. 19.

Sericornis citreogularis may be the same as Muscicapa bar-
bata Lath. according to Mr. Gould.

Acanthiza olivacea is the young of A. albogularis.

Add: B. of Austr. pl. 100.

Add: B. of Austr. pl 101.

A. magnirostris.
A. levigaster.

APPENDIX.

205.
206.

208.

209.

Parus ceruleanus is synonymous with P. w’tramarinus.
Add: P. schistinotus Hodgs.
For dorsalis read dorsatus.

P. inornatus. Add: Journ. Acad. Philad. i. pl. 8. f. 2.

P. fasciatus. Add: Journ. Acad. Philad. i. pl. 8. f. 3.
Type of Chamcea Gamb. (1847). Mr. Gambel has since
considered that this species should be placed in the subfamily
MENvURIN«.

P. nipalensis.
P. leuconotus.

Refer to the following species :

P. rubidiventris Bl. Journ. A. S. B. 1847. p. 445. — Parus |

melanolophus Hodgs.

P. Grifithii B). Journ. A. 8. B. 1847. p. 445.

P. aplonotus Bl. Journ. A. S. B. 1847. p. 444.— Parus
xanthogenys Bi.

P. montanus Gamb. Proc. Acad. Philad. i. p. 259., Journ. |

Acad. Philad. i. pl. 8. f. 1.

Sphenostoma /eucopsis. Add: Gould, B. of Austr. pl. 67.

Mniotilta pannosa. Add: Ill. of B. Jam. pl. 37.

Lessonia nigra. Add: Azara, No. 149. ; Anthus erythro-
notus Merr.

Motacilla Yarrelii is the M. alba of English authors.

M. luzoniensis.
Hist. of B. pl.?

M. indica. Add: Motacilla affinis Tick.

M. cerulescens. Add: Motacilla australis Steph. Lath.
Hist. of B. pl.

Ephthianura albifrons. Add: Acanthylis albifrons Boie.

Anthus dudovicianus. Add: Anthus rubens Merv.

A. pipiens is synonymous with A. Judovicianus.

A. chii. Add: Anthus turdinus Merr.

A. australis, Add: Anthus pallescens Vig. & Horsf,
Gould, B. of Austr. pl. 73.

A. malayensis. Add: Anthus agilis Jerd.; A. pallescens
Sundev.

A. Gouldii perhaps the same as A. sordidus.
Examine :

A. pelopus Hodgs. List Nep. B. App. p. 154.

A. striolatus Bl. Journ. A. S. B. 1847. p, 435.

A. montanus Bl. Journ. A.S. B. 1847. p. 435.—Anthus |

rufescens Jerd.
A, chloris Licht. Berl. Verz. 1842. p. 13.
A. .— Anthus montanus Malm. Kroyer, Tidskr. i.

p- 180.

Add: Motacilla variegata Steph.? Jath.

.3)

rhs)

Dasycephala brasiliensis (Less.) Tr. d’Orn, p. 360.— Dasy-

D. thamnophiloides. Read: D.
Muscicapa thamnophiloides Spix, Av. Bras. t. 26. f. 1.

D. ferruginea is synonymous with the former species.

D. livida. Add: Type of Agriornis Gould (1838).
Add as species :

D. hematodes (Licht.) Cab.— Muscicapa thamnophiloides
Nordm.

D. spadiceus (Gmel.) — Tyrannus rufescens Swains.

D. rutilus (Less.) Compl. du Buff. p.

D. fammulatus Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1848. p. 47.

Malacopteron magnum. Add: Napothera capistraia Bote.
Add the following species :

M. majus Bl, Journ, A.S. B. 1847. p. 461.

M. Abbotii (Bl.) Journ, A. S. B. xiv. p. 600.

rutilus (Vieill.) Azara, |
No. 218.; Thamnophilus rubra Viei/7. Azara, No. 188. ;

214.

M. olivaceum Strickl. Ann. Nat. Hist. 1847. p. 132.
Macronus. Add as a species:

M. superciliaris (Hay), Madr. Journ. No. xxxi. p. 163. —
Type of Turdirostris Hay.

Refer to M. terrestris (Kittl.) Mém, de l’Acad. St. Peétersb.
1831. p. 244. t. xviii.

Sclerurus caudacutus. Add: Myiothera umbretta Licht.
Formicarius wmbretta, &c., to be erased.
Add: Type of Rhopoterpe Cab. (1847).
Type of Myrmonax Cab. (1847).

F. minutus. Read: F. pygmea (Gmel.) —'Thamnophilus
minutus D’Orb. § Lafr. &c.

F, strictothorar. Add: Type of Dysithamnus Cab. (1847).

F. flammatus is synonymous with F, /ineatus.

F. torquatus.
F. thamnophiloides.

The species 26, 27, and 28. are to be removed to the genus
Campylorhynchus,
Examine:

F. dugubris I.—Thamnophilus myiotherinus Spix, Av.
Bras. t. 42. f. 2.

Formicivora leucophrys (Cab.) Ornith. Notiz. p. 211.

F. quadrivittata (Licht.) Cab. Ornith. Notiz. p. 227.

F. intermedia Cab. Ornith. Notiz. p. 225.— Myiothera leu-
cophrys Licht.

F. stellaris (Spix), Av. Bras. t. 36. f.
plumbea Pr. Maz.

F. leucophrys.

9

ae

— Myiothera

Read: F. grisea (Gmel.) Pl. enl. 643. f. 1.
Myrmothera leucophrys Vieill. N. Dict. xviii. p. 322. The
other synonymes are thought by M. Cabanis to belong to next
species 2.

F. pileaia is the type of Herpsilochmus Cab. (1847).

F. ferruginea. For Pl. enl. read Pl. col. Add: Drymo-
phila variegata Such ; Type of Ellipura Cab. (1847).

F. domicilla. Add: Type of Pyriglena Cab. (1847).

“* F. ardesiaca is synonymous with Formicarius thamnophi-
loides ”’ Cab.

Add as species :

F. picea (Cab.) Ornith. Notiz. p. 212. — Formicivora atra
Tschudi.

F, funebris (Licht.) Cat. Dupl. Berl. Mus. p. 47.

F. nevia (Gmel.), Edwards’s Birds, pl. 346.

F. cantator (Bodd).—Turdus tintinnabulatus Gmel. Pl. enl.
700. f. 2.; Myiothera margaritacea Licht. Cab. Ornith. Notiz.
p- 212. t. 4. f. 1.; Turdus campanella Lath.; Type of Hy-
pocnemus Cab. (1847).

F. pecilinota Cab. Ornith. Notiz. p. 213. t. 4. f. 2, 3.

F. Bambla ( Bodd.) Pl. enl. 703. f. 3.

Grallaria ruficapilla. Add: Type of Hypsibemon Cab.
(1817).
G. imperator. Add: Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1842. p. 333.

G. marginata. Add: Myiothera campanisoma Licht.; Type
of Chamceza Vigors (1825).
Add as species :

G. monticola Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1847. p. 68.

Pitta strepitans. Add: Gould, B. of Austr. pl. 1.
For 509. read 590.
P. —— 25. is synonymous with P. eueullata.
Philepitta sericea. Add: O. Des Murs, Iconog. Orn. t.32.
P. Geoffroyi. Add: O. Des Murs, Iconogr. Ornith. t. 33.
Myiophonus Temminckii.

P. venusta.

Myiophonus nitidus Gray is
thought to be a distinct species.

10

Page
215.

218.

APPENDIX.

AGS tard Deutay de
Add as another species of Zoothera :

Z. marmoratus Bl. Journ. A. S. B. 1847. p.
Add: Turdus Werneri Gene.

HI. leucocephala.

Turdus pallidus.
T. Whitei.
T. micropus synonymous with T. Wardii.

Add: Turdus aureus Hollandre.

T. modestus is perhaps synonymous with T. rufulus Drap.

T. atrogularis, Add: Turdus Naumanni Bl T. rufi-
collis is thought to be the same species.

T. fuscatus is the same as T. Naumanni.

T. pecilopterus. Mr. Blyth thinks this species to be the
same as Turdus Boulboul of Latham.

T. eunomus is synonymous with T. Naumanni.
. chrysolotus. Read: T. chrysolaus.

T. chochi, Add: Azara, No. 79.

T. crotopezus. Add: Turdus leucomelas Vieil/, Azara,
No. 80.

T. carbonarius is synonymous with T. flavipes.
Add: Gosse, Ill. B. of Jam. pl. 23.

T. jamaicensis. Add: Turdus capucinus Hartl. Gosse,
Ill. B. of Jam, pl. 24.

T. albicollis.

T. manillensis.

T. aurantius.

Perhaps the same as T. crotopezus.
Read: T.

pandoo and P, maal Sykes into a distinct species.

Add: Turdus Macei Vieill.; P. lividus Tick.

Add: Turdus dissimilis BZ.

manilla, Separate Petrocincla
T. citrinus.
T. unicolor.
Examine and add as species:
T. spilopterus Bl. Journ. A. 8S. B. 1847. p. 142.
T. xeilgherriensis. Bl. Journ. A. 8S. B. 1847. p. 141.—
Turdus varius Jerd.
T. brachypus Bl. Journ. A. S. B. 1847. p. 148.
T. leucogaster Bl. Journ, A.S. B. 1847. p. 149.
T. javanicus Horsf, Linn. Trans. xiii. p. 148, — Turdus
concolor Temm.
T. longirostris Bl. Journ. A. S. B. 1847. p, 150.
. — Merula olivacea Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1848. p. 2.
T. atrosericeus Lafr. Rey. Zool. 1848. p. 3.
. nudigena Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1848. p. 4.

T. minimus Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1848. p. 5.

T. ——. — Turdus nanus Nutt.; T. olivaceus Brew.

T. Swainsoni Tsch. — Merula Wilsoni Swains. Faun. Bor.
Amer,

T. Pallasii Cab. — Turdus guttatus Cab. Tsch. Fauna Per.
p. 187.

T. crassirostris Licht. Berl. Verz. 1842. p.

T. xanthopus Forst. Descr. Anim. p. 266.

T. vanikorensis Quoy & Gaim. Voy. de l’Astrol. Ois. t. 7.
£52.

T. wanthoscelus Jard. Ann.
Contrib. Ornith. 1848. pl. 1.

T. innotatus (Bl.) Journ. A. S. B. 1846. p. 370.

T. albigularis (Bl.) Journ. A. S. B. 1846. p. 370.
Add: Audub. B. of Amer. pl. 21.

Nat. Hist. 1847. p. 329.,

Mimus polyglottus.

M. triurus. Add: Azara, No. 224.

M. carolinensis. Add: Audub. B. of Amer. pl. 128.

M. rufus. Add: Audub. B. of Amer. pl. 116.

M. curvirostris. Separate as species :

M. velatus Wagl, Isis, 1831. p. 528. — Pomatorhinus tur-
dinus Temm. Pl. col. 441.

M. rediviva (Gamb.) —La Perouse, Atl. to Voy. t. 37.

Page

~

a3)
wo 0%
2

=

Add as a species :
M. montanus (Towns.).—Pr. Bonap. Audub. B. of Amer.
pl. 369. f.
Crateropus squamatus. Read: C. squamiceps.
Add: Phyllanthus capucinus Less.
Add as other species :
C. acacia Ripp. Zool. Atlas, t. 28.
C. limbatus Riipp. Syst. Uebers. &c. p. 48.
Garrulax bicolor and G. mitratus more properly belong to
the genus Timalia.
G. lunaris is synonymous with G, ruficollis.
Add as species:
G. McClellandii Bl. Journ. A. S. B. 1847. p. 453.
G. rufulus (Bl.) Joura. A. S. B. 1844. p. $70.—Type of
Gampsorhynchus Bi. (1844).

G.? Burnesii (Bl.) Journ. A. S. B. 1844. p. 374.— Type
of Eurycercus Bl. (1844).
Actinodura nipalensis.

Pterocyclus Delessertii.
1S:
Add as a species :
P. affinis (Hodgs.) Journ. A. S. B. 1843. p. 950.
Pellorneum ruficeps.

C. atripennis.

Add: Actinodura Egertoni Blyth.
Add: Jerd. Il. Ind. Orn. pl.

Add: Megalurus ruficeps Sykes.
Add: Timalia erythronotus Blyth.
Add: Timalia pectoralis Blyth.
Add: Pastor terricolor Hodgs. Journ. A. S.

Timalia nigricollis.
At
T. grisea.
1844. p. 771.
T. caudata.

maculata.

Add: Megalurus isabellinus Swains. ; Cossy-
phus caudatus Dum.
Examine and add as species :

T. Larlei Blyth, Journ, A.S. B. 1844. p. 369.
. nipalensis Hodgs. As. Res. xix. p. 182.
. pellotis Hodgs. As. Res. xix. p. 182.
. Huttoni (Bl.) Journ. A. S. B. 1847. p. 476.
. albogularis (Bl.) Journ. A. 8. B. 1847. p. 453.
. rufescens (Bl.) Journ. A. §. B. 1847. p. 453.
. erythroptera Bl. :— Timalia pyrrhophea Harti. ;
Brachypteryx acutirostris Eyton.

T. platyura Jerd. 2d Suppl. 1844. p. 128.— Type of Sche-
nicola (Bl.) (1844).

T. orientalis Jerd. Ill. Ind. Orn. p.
. affinis Jerd. Ill. Ind. Orn. p.

. 2d Suppl. p. 128.
. 2d Suppl. p. 128.
T. mitrata (Miill.) Tijdsch. 1838. p. 345. t.9. f. 3.
T. strialata Mill. Tijdsch. 1835. p. 346.
T lugubris Mill. Tijdsch. 1835. p. 344. t. 9. f. 2.
T. pyrrhophaa. — Garrulax bicolcr Miill. Rey. Zool. 1844.
p. 402.

T. nigriceps (Hodgs.) Journ. A. S. B. 1844. p. 378. — Type
of Strachyris Hodgs. (1845).

T. pyrrhops (Hodgs.) Journ. A. 8. B. 1844. p. 379.

T. chrysaa (Hodgs.) Journ. A. 8. B. 1844. p. 397.

T. ruficeps (Bl.) Journ. A.S. B. 1847. p. 452.

T. ? flammiceps (Burt.) Bl.— Diceum sanguinifrons Hay.

T.? aanthochlora (Hodgs.) Journ. A. S. B. 1844. p. 380.

?T. olivacea Bl. Madr. Journ. Lit. and Sci. 1844. p. 129.
— Type of Phragamaticola B/. (1844).

Pomatorhinus erythrogenys. Add: Pomatorhinus ferrugi-
latus Hodgs.

P. albicollis is synonymous with Orthorhinus hypoleucus
Bl. Journ. A. 8. B. 1844. p. 371.

APPENDIX.

ll

231.
232.

235.
237.

238.
242,
243.
244.
245.

246.

247.

P. temporalis is synonymous with P. frivolus. And add: |
B. of Austr. pl. 20.
P. rubeculus. Add: Gould, B. of Austr. pl. 21.
P. superciliosus. Add: Gould, B. of Austr. pl. 22.
Add the following species :
P. olivaceus Bl. Journ. A.S. B. 1847. p. 451.
P. melanurus Bl. Journ. A. S. B. 1847. p. 451.
P. rubiginosus Bl. Journ. A. S. B. 1845. p. 597.
And examine :
P. nipalensis Gray, Zool. Mise. p. 34.
Sphecotheres mavillaris Gould, B. of Austr. iv. pl. 15.
Oriolus galbula Gould, B. of Austr. pl. 71.
Or. kundoo. Add: Or. galbuloides Gould.
Or. chinensis. Or. hippocrepis Wagl. is thought to be a
distinct species.
Or. coronatus is synonymous with Or. hippocerpis.

Or. melanocephalus. Oriolus maderaspatanus Frankl. Edw.
Birds, pl. 186., is synonymous with Or. Hodgsonii.

Or. castanopterus is synonymous with Or. xanthonotus.
Add: Gould, B. of Austr. pl. 13.

Or. flavocinctus. Add: Gould, B. of Austr. pl. 14.

Or. meruloides is synonymous with Or. viridis.
Refer to the following species :

Or. macrourus Bl. Journ. A. S. B. 1846. p. 46.

Or. indicus Jerd. Ill. Ind. Orn. pl. 15.—Or. chinensis
of Indian Ornith.

Or. tenuirostris Bl. Journ. A. S. B. 1846. p. 48.

Or. affinis Gould, Introd. B. of Austr. p. 57.

?Or. anais (Less.) Rev. Zool. 1839. p. 44.

Sericulus mellinus. Add: Gould, B. of Austr. pl. 12.;
“ Motacilla atricapilla Lath. Lamb. Icon. ined. ii. 52.” Strick.

S. magnirostris, young of the former, Gould.

Microscelis virescens. Type of Ixocincla Blyth.

Pycnonotus rubineus is synonymous with P. gularis.
Ill. Ind. Orn. pl. 37.

P. zantholemus.

Or. viridis.

Add:

Add: Ill. Ind. Orn. pl. 35.
P. poiocephalus. Add: Ill. Ind. Orn. pl. 31.
P. melanocephalus. After Pl. col. add 147.
Add: Pycnonotus pseudocafer Blyth.
P. jocosus. Add: Gracula cristata Scop.
Refer to two other species:
P. nigropileus Bl. Journ. A.S. B. 1847. p. 472.
P. aberrans Bl. Journ. A S. B. xv. p. 287. — Rubigula
gularis Bl.

P. crocorrhous.

To the genus Sibia probably belongs :
S.? annectans (Bl.) Journ. A.S. B. 1847. p. 450.— Type
of Leioptila B/. (1847).
Fluvicola enanthoides.
Alectrurus tricolor.
Se
Copurus filicauda.
Hist. of B. vi. pl. 102.
Machetornis 7ivosa.
Scaphorynchus pitangua.
Add as a species :
S. Bairdii Gamb. Journ. Acad. Philad. i. p. 40.
Tyrannus matutinus. Add: Tyrannus leucogaster Steph.
T. caudifasciatus. Add: Gosse, Ill. B. of Jam. pl. 44.
T. melancholicus. Add: Azara, No. 198.

Type of Ocththocea Cab. (1847).
Add: Azaza, Hist. Nat. du Parag.

Add: Muscicapa colon Steph. Lath.

Add: Azara, No. 197.
Add: Azara, No. 199.

T. Cinchoneti is synonymous with Myiobius icterophrys 45.

248.

249,

250.

rolls

hs)
or
go

256.

Add as a distinct species :

* of Jam.

.— Tyrannus dominicensis
p- 169.” Strickl.

Milvulus tyrannus.
nunciola Steph.

M. forficatus. Add: Tyrannus? mexicanus Steph.

M. monachus. Read: M. phenoleucus (Vieill.).—Milvulus
monachus Hartl. &c. Add: Azara, No. 192.

Add: M. pullata (Bonap.) Journ. Acad. Philad. p. 383.

Myiobius erinitus. Add: Azara, No. 195.

M. ferox. Add: Muscicapa flaviventris Steph.
Add as a species :

M. . — Tyrannus crinitus Gosse, B. of Jam. p. 1806.

Myiobius atropurpureus is synonymous with Pyrocephalus
obscurus.

M. Tschudii.
Tschudii Harti.

M. albicollis. Add: Azara, No. 186.
Add as separate species :

M. cineraceus (Lafr.) Rev. Zool. 1848. p. 7.

M. erythrurus (Licht.) Cab. Ornith. Notiz. t. 5. f. 1.

M. pallidus Gosse, B. of Jam. p. 166., Ill. B. of Jam.
pl. 40.

M. tristis Gosse, B. of Jam. p. 167., Ill. B. of Jam. pl 41.

M. stolidus Gosse, B. of Jam. p. 168. Mr. Strickland
thinks this should be considered as M. erinitus.

M. frontalis Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1847. p. 70.

Elania poliocephalus, &c., is synonymous with E. striaticollis
Cab.

Gosse, B.

Add: Azara, No. 190.; Tyrannus

Read: M. varius (Vieill.). — Tyrannula

. icterophrys is more properly a Fluvicola.
. Suiriri is more properly a Fluvicola.

. vermivora should be erased.

. viridicata should be erased.

. nigricans should be erased.

. rubra should be erased.

. ruficapilla should be erased.

Add in their places:

E. . — Elania leucophrys Cab. Ornith. Notiz. p. 250.

E. amaurocephalus Cab. Tschudi, Fauna Per. p..162.

E. rufiventris Cab. Tschudi, Fauna Per. p. 251.

E. pectoralis. Add: Azara, No. 165.

See the remarks of M. Cabanis in his Ornith. Notiz. on this
genus ; but they require re-examination.

Add as separate species :

Tityra nigra (Gmel.).— Tityra leuconota G. R. Gray ; Pa-
chyrhynchus aterrimus Lafr. ;
Cab.

T. major (Cab.) Ornith. Notiz. p. 246.

T. albitorques Dubus, Bull. Acad. Roy. Belg. 1848. p. .,
Rey. Zool. 1848. p. 244.

Conopophaga. Add as separate species :

C. ruficeps Lafr. Mag. de Zool. 1844, Ois. t. 51.

C. ardesiaca D’Orb. & Lafr. Syn. Av. p. 13.

C. nevioides Lafr. Rey. Zool. 1847. p. 69.

Platyrhynchus cancromus. For PI. col. 21. f. 2. read 12.
f.2. Add: Platyrhynchus mystaceus Vieill. Azara, No. 173.

P. olivaceus. For Pl. col. 21. f. 1. read 12. f. 1., and for
teplileptond reads 1 2°.f-) 2:

Add as a distinct species :
P. brevirostris Cab. Ornith. Notiz. p. 249.

Heese ee

Pachyrhamphus_ nigrescens

Page

pies:
LAY

258.

259.

260.

261.

APPE

Todirostrum cinereum.
T. gulare. Add: PI. col. 167. f. 1.; Todirostrum plum-
biceps Lafr.

T. ruficeps is removed to Conopophaga.

Add as additional species :
T. flavifrons Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1846. p. 301.
. furcatum Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1846. p. 362.
T. palpebrosum Lafr. Rev. Zool, 1846. p. 363.
T. spiciferum Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1846. p. 363.
. squamecrista Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1846. p. 363.
‘, auriculare (Vieill.) N. Dict. d’Hist. Nat. xxvii. p. 16.
. diops (Temm ) Lafr. Pl. col. 144. f. 1.

Muscivora vupestris.
—Platyrhynchos rupestris Pr, Maz. &e. Add: Azara,
No. 189. ; Type of Hirundinea D’Orb. § Lafr. (1838).

Rhipidura fuscoventris.

R. nigritorquis. Add:
5. t. 6.

Add: Rhipidura albigula Hodgs.
Mém. de |’Acad. St. Péters. 1835.
. isurus. Add: Gould, B. of Austr. pl. 85.

Add: Gould, B. of Austr. pl. 84.

Add: Gould, B. of Austr. pl. 86.
Add :
Muse. nitida Sundev.

. rufifrons.
. motacilloides.
. ceylonensis. Muscicapa cinereocephala Vieitl. ;

R. auricapilla.
giceps [Hodgs. ; which are synonymous with R. arrogans.
Examine:

R. poliogenys (Bl.) Journ. A. S. B. 1847. p. 44].

R. cantator (Tick.) Journ, A. 8. B. ii. p. 576.— Culicipeta
schisticeps Hodgs.

R, picata Gould, Introd. p. 40.
Read: ‘I. viridescens (Bodd.),. —
Muscicapa holosericea Temm. &e. ; and add: M. rufa Swains.

Tchitrea holosericea.
T. pyrrhoptera. Add: Muscipeta plumosa Blyth.
Examine:

T. atrocaudata (Eyton), Proc. Z. S. 1839. p. 102.

T. pectoralis (Hay), Madr. Journ. No. xxxi. p. 161.

T. affinis (Hay), Journ. A. S. B. 1846. p. 292.

T. pretiosa Less. Deser. de Mam. et d’Ois. récemm. découv.
324.

? T. pistrinaria Temm. PI. enl. 572. f. 1.

Add: Gould, B. of Austr. pl. 95.
Add: Gould, B. of Austr. pl. 96.

Add: Gould, B. of Austr. pl. 87.

Add: Gould, B. of Austr. pl. 89.
Add: Gould, B. of Austr. pl. 92.

Add: Gould, B. of Austr. pl. 91.

Add: Gould, B. of Austr. pl 93.

Add: Gould, B. of Austr. pl. 94.

P-

Monarcha carinata,
M. trivirgata.

Seisura inquieta.
Myiagra plumbea.
M.
M. nitida.

M. fuscinans.

M. flavigastra.
Add as species :
M. concinna Gould, B. of Austr. pl. 90.
M. ? leucogastra (Bl.) Journ. As. Soc. B. 1844. p. 386.
Hemichelidon ? /atirostris is thought by Mr. Blyth to be
synonymous with Muscicapa poonensis.
Muscicapa chocolatina is synonymous with M. fumigata.
Type of Chasiampis Cub. (1847).
M. picata is probably Muscicapa tyrannides Tick. ; Hemipus

M. sandwichensis.

picecolor Hodgs.
M. saphira.
Orn. pl. 32.

Read M. saphirina. Add: Jerd. Ill. Ind, |

Add: Spix, AvoBre jG) 4.15/25)

Read: M. ferrugineus (Linn.) Tsch. |

Add: Sylvia Burkii Burt. ; Neornis stri- |

NDIX.

| Page

M. melanoleuca. Add: Muscicapa leucochista Hodys.

M. rubecula. Add: Dimorpha rubrocyanea Hodgs.; Mus-
cicapa hyperythra Bl.

M. leweura. Add: Saxicola rubeculoides Sykes; Muscicapa
parva Sundev. ; Cynornis joulaimus Hodgs.

M. caledonicu. Add: Muscicapa olivacea Forst. Deser.
Anim. p. 271.
M. flavifrons. Add: Muscicapa heteroclita Forst. Deser.
Anim. p. 271., Icon. ined. 158.

M. pondiceriana. Erase this species.

Examine the following species, which probably belong to
this genus : —

M. acormus Hodgs. —Muscicapa poonensis Blyth.

M. terricolor Hodgs. Journ. A. 8. B. 1847. p. 120.

M. rufescens Jerd. Journ. A. S. B. 1847. p. 120.

M. estigma Hodgs. List Nep. B. App. p. 155.

M. hemileucura Hodgs. List Nep. B. of App. p. 155.

? M. wanthopygia Hay, Madr. Journ. Lit. and Sci. No. 31.
p. 162. — Xanthopygia leucophrys Bl. ; Type of Xanthopygia
Bl. (1847).

? M. chrysophrys (B1.) Journ, A. 8. B. 1847. p. 124.

? M. gularis (Bl.) Journ. A. 8. B. 1847. p. 122. — Type of
Anthipes Bl. (1847).

? M. cinerea (BI.) Journ, A. S. B. 1847. p. 122. — Type of
Muscitrea Bl. (1847).

M. solitaria Mill. Tijdsch. p. 51.

M. conereta Mill. Tijdsch. p. 351.

M. rufiyula Mill. Tijdsch. p. 351.

Add: N. sordida Hodgs.

N. grandis. Add: Bainopus irenoides Hodgs.

N. Add: Gould, Cent. of B. pl. 25. f. 1.;
Muscicapa banyana Jerd.

N. Tickellii is synonymous with N. elegans.

N. nigrorufa is synonymous with N. rufula; and add:
Type of Ochromela Bl. (1847).

N. Add: Type of Stoporala Bl. (1847).

N. Add: Jerd. Ill. Ind. Orn. pl. 14.

N. Add: Type of Cyanoptila Bl. (1847).

N. auricularis is synonymous with N. strophiata. Add:
Leiothrix signata McClell.

Erase this species.
Setophaga nigrocincta is synonymous with S. canadensis.
Examine, as probably belonging to this genus:
. albidiadema Lafr. Rev. Zool 1848. p. 8.
. coronata Tschudi, Fauna Per. Consp. p. 23.
. tristriata Tschudi, Fauna Per. Consp. p. 22.
. cinnamomeiventris (Lafr.) Rev. Zool. 1843. p. 291.
. russeicauda (Vieill.) Ois. de Amér. Sept. t. 71.
S. rufopectus (Less.) Lafr. Compl. Buff. p. 296.
. cesia (Licht.) Pl. col. 17. f.1, 2.— Type of Thamno-
manes Cab. (1847).
S. glauca (Cab.) Ornith. Notiz. p. 230.
268. Add another species of Vireo:
V. versicolor Hartl. Rev. Zool. 1843. p. 289.
Leiothrix strigula. Add: Garrulax Felicie Less.

Niltava sundara.

rubeculoides.

melanops.
albicaudata.
cyanomelanura.

N. plumosa.

269.
Refer to as species :
L. occipitalis (Bl.) Journ. A.S. B. 1844. p. 937.
L. chrysotis (Hodgs.) Journ. A. S. B. 1844. p. 938.
L. cinerea (Bl.) Journ. A. 8. B. 1847. p. 449.

M. superciliaris.

Add: Muscicapa ciliaris Hodgs.

(3)

~

70. Pteruthius virevides, &c., to be erased.

APPENDIX.

Page

271.

272.

273.

274.

281.

282.

Add as another species :

P. wxanthochloris Hodgs. List of Nep. B. App. p. 155.,
Journ. A. S. B. 1847. p. 448. — Pteruthius melanotis Hodgs.
Journ. A.S. B. 1847. p. 448.

Pardalotus punctatus. Add: Gould, B. of Austr. pl. 35.

P. melanocephalus. Add: B. of Austr. pl. 40.

P. rubricatus. Add: B. of Austr. pl. 36.

P. uropygialis. Add: Voy. au Pole Sud, Ois. t. 9. f. 2.
Add as species of this genus:

P. flavescens (Gould), Proc. Z. 8. 1842. p. 42., B. of Austr.
pl. 104. — Type of Smicrornis Gould (1842).

P. brevirostris (Gould), B. of Austr. pl. 103.

Pachycephala gutturalis. Add: Muscicapa pectoralis Lath.
Lamb. Icon. ined. ii. 53.

P. olivacea. Add: Timixos meruloides Blyth.

P. lanioides. Add: Gould, B. of Austr. pl. 69.

P. rufogularis. Add: B. of Austr. pl. 70.

P. faleata Add: B. of Austr. pl. 68.
P. melanura. Add: B. of Austr. pl. 66.
P. simpler. Add: B. of Austr. pl. 72.

P. Gilbertii is synonymous with P. inornata. Add: B. of
Austr. pl. 71.

Eépsaltria australis. Add: Sylvia flavigastra Lath.

E. griseogularis. Read: E. georgiana (Quoy & Gaim.)
Voy. de l’Astrol. Ois. t. 3. f. 4, — Eopsaltria griseogularis
Gould, &c.

Add as another species :

E. gularis (Quoy & Gaim.) Voy. de l’Astrol. t. 10. f. 4. —
E6psaltria leucogaster Gould, B. of Austr. iii. pl. 13.

Pheenicircus carnifer. Add: Ampelis coccinea et Amp.
cuprea Gmel. Merr. Beitr. t. 2.

Pipra caudata. Erase Pipra longicauda Vieill.
Type of Chiroxiphia Cab. (1847).

P. pareola. Add: Pipra superba Pall.

Remove to Tityra.
Add: Type of Piprites Cab. (1847).

Add: Type of Chiromacheris Cab. (1847).
Add: Type of Hemipipo Cab. (1847).

Add:

P. cinerea.

P. pileata.

P. manacus.

P. chloris.
Examine:

P. longicauda Vieill. Encye. Méth. p. 388., Azara, No. 112.,
Kittl. Kupf. der Vég. t. xviii. f. 2.

P. ignicapilla Wag). Isis, 1830. p. 931.

P. perspicillata Wagl. Isis, 1830. p. 935.

P. aurantia Wagl. Isis, 1830. p. 932.

P. atronitens Cab. Ornith. Notiz. p. 235. — Type of Xeno-
pipo Cab. (1847).

P. chlorion Cab. Ornith. Notiz. p. 234.

Cotinga pompadora. Add: Type of Xipholena Glog. (1842).

Carpornis cucullata. Add: Type of Ampelion Cab. (1845).

C.? nigra. Add: Type of Tijuca Less. (1830).
Ptilogonys cinereus. Add PI. col. 452.
P. leucotis. Add: Ois. t. 7. f. 1.

Add as a species :

P. Townsendi Audub. Orn. Biogr. v. p. 206., B. of Amer.
8vo. edit. i. pl. 69.

Pericrocotus peregrinus. Add:
Gmel. Leyaill. Ois. d’Afr. t. 155. f. 1.

P. roseus. Add: Phenicornis rubricinctus B/.

P. erythropygius. Add: Cawnpore Flycatcher Lath. Hist.
of B. pl. 98., Jard. Contr. Ornith. 1848. pl.

Muscicapa malabarica

| Page

285.

286.

288.

Add as species :
P. xanthogaster (Raffl.) Hartl. Linn. Trans. xiii. p. 309.
P. cinereus Lafr. Rey. Zool. 1845. p. 94.
P. modestus Strickl. Ann. Nat, Hist. 1847. p. 131.
P. solaris Bl. Journ. A. 8. B. 1846. p. 310.
Campephaga papuensis. Add:
Wagl.
C. melanotis is coequal with C. melanops.
C. striata. Add: Ceblyphyris plumbea Wagl.
Add: B. of Austr. ii. pl. 56.
Add: B. of Austr. ii. pl. 58.
C. phasianellus. Add: B. of Austr. ii. pl. 59.; Type of
Pteropodocys Gould (1846).
Add: Muscicapa kinki- Bodd.
C. lugubris. Add: Lanius silens Tick.
C, orientalis. Read: C. Terat (Bodd.).—Turdus orientalis
Gmel. &c. Add: Pycnonotus humeraloides Less. ; Cebly-
phyris striga Horsf.

Ceblyphyris albiventris

C. mentalis.
C. lineata.

C. cana.

C. leucomela. Add: Gould, B. of Austr. pl.62. Separate
into a distinct species Lanius karu, as:
C. karu (Less.) Voy. de la Coqu. Ois. t.12. And add:

Gould, B. of Austr. pl. 61.
Add as distinct species :

C. hypoleuca (Gould), Proc. Z. S. 1848. p. 38., B. of Austr.
pl. 57.

C. culminata (Hay), Madr. Journ. No. 31. p. 157.

C. melanoptera Blyth, Journ. A. S. B. 1846. p. 307.

C. bicolor Temm. Pl. col. 278.

Artamus /eucocephalus is the type of Artamia Lafres.
Add as species :

A. mentalis Jard. Ann. Nat. Hist. 1845. p. 174. pl. vili.,
Voy. au Pole Sud, Ois. t. 9. f. 1.

A. albiventris Gould, Proc. Z. S. 1847. p. 31., B. of Austr.
pl. 30.

A.? rufus (Linn.) Briss. Orn. ii. t. 18. f. 4., Pl. enl. 298.
1

Dicrurus bracteatus. Add: B. of Austr. pl. 82.

D. indicus is synonymous with D. macrocercus.
Refer to:

D. grandis Gould, Proc. Z. 8S. 1836. p. 5. —Edolius benga-
lensis Hay.

D. malabarioides Hodgs. Ind. Rev. 1837. p. 325.— Edolius
grandis Bl.

D. dentirostris Hay, Madr. Journ. Lit. and Sci. 1844. p.121.

D edoliformis Bl. Journ. A. S. B. 1846. p. 297.

D. orisse Hay, Madr. Journ. Lit. and Sci. 1844. p. 121.

D. leucopygialis Bl. Journ. A. 8. B. 1846. p. 298.

D. intermedius Bl. Journ. A. S. B. 1846. p. 298.

D. longicaudatus Hay. — Dicrurus macrocercus Jerd.

Chaptia. Add as a separate species: C. malayensis Hay,
Madr, Journ. Lit. and Sci.

Irena puella. Add: Pl. col. 70. 225.; Muscicapa cyanea
Begbie.

Refer to I. indica Hay, Madr. Journ, Lit. and Sci.

Tephrodornis indica. Read: T. pondiceriana (Gmel.).—
Lanius indicus Gray, &c. Add: Tentheca leucurus Hodgs.
Ind. Rey. 1837. p. 447.; Lanius griseus Tick.
Separate as a species, T. sylvicola Jerd.

T. hirundinacea. Read: T. obscura (Horsf.).— Muscicapa
hirundinacea Temm. Pl. col. 119.

T. pelvica.

d

14

Page

291.

292.

293.

294.

295.

300.

APPENDIX.

302.

T. virgata. Read: T. gularis (Raffl.).— Muscicapa virgata
Temm. PI. col. 250. f. 1. |

Refer to T. affinis Bl. Journ. A. S. B. 1847. p. 473.

Lanius /ahtora. Add: Lanius burra Gray, Ill. Ind. Zool,
pl. 33. f. 3.

L. nigriceps. Add: Jerd, Ill. Ind. Orn, pl. 17.

L. Hardwickii. Add: Lanius margaritaceus Less. Echo
&e. 1845. p. 204. Hartl,

L. dubius. Dr. Hartlaub considers this to be the same as

Sissirostrum Pagei Lafr.

L.(?) striatus. Add; Coracias pacifica Forst. Descr. Anim.
p- 201., Icon. ined. 54.
Refer to:

L. gambieranus Less. Echo a’M. 8. 1844. p. 232. Hart.

L. caniceps Bl. Journ, A. S. B. 1846. p. 302. — Lanius |

erythronotus Jerd.

L. melanurus Licht. Berl. Verz. 1842. p. 12.

?L. fuscatus Less. Tr. d’'Orn. p. 373.

L. niger Horsf. — Lanius melas Garn. Voy. de la Coqu.
p. 128.

?L. sulfuropectus Less. Tr. d’Orn. p. 373.

L. longipennis Bl. Journ, A. 8. B. 1846. p. 300.

Enneoctonus superciliosus is synonymous with E. pheni-
curus.

Telophorus. Refer to:

T. leucorhynchus Hartl. Rev. Zool. 1848. p. 108.

T.? kirrhocephalus Less. Voy. Coqu. t. 11.—Type of Pitohui
Less. (1831).

T. major Hartl. Rev. Zool. 1848. p. 108.

Cyclorhis guianensis. Add: Leyaill. Ois. d’Afr. t. 76. f. 2.

Dr. Hartlaub thinks this is the same as Saltator viridis Vieil/, |

Azara, No. 89.
C, flaviventris.
C. nigrirostris.

Add: Rev. Zool. 1842. p. 133.

Add: Lafr. Rey. Zool. 1842. p. 133.
Falcunculus flavigulus is synonymous with F. frontatus.

Add: Gould, B. of Austr. pl. 79.

Add: Gould, B. of Austr, pl. 80.

F. /eucogaster.

Colluriocincla harmonica. Add: Gould, B. of Austr. pl. 74.

C, rectirostris. Add: C. Selbii Gould, B. of Austr. pl. 77.

C. brunnea. Add: B. of Austr, pl. 76.

C. rufiventris. Add: B. of Austr. pl. 75.

C. parvula. Add: B. of Austr. pl. 78.

Refer to as a species: C. rufogaster Gould, Proc. Z.S. 1845.
p. 80.

Thamnophilus doliatus. Add: Azara, No. 212.

Th. stagurus. Add: Azara, No. 211.

Th. albonotatus to be erased.

Th. niger to be removed to Tityra.

Refer to Th. immaculatus Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1845. p. 340.

Laniarius boulboul. Add: Riipp. Uebers. Syst. Vég. t.

23.; Lanius cafer Forst. Deser. Anim. p. 398., Icon, ined.
41.

L. madagascariensis (Linn.) Pl. enl. 299. Separate as
ee

Cracticus torquatus.
australis Steph.

C. nigrogularis.
bustus Lath, ?

C. argentatus. Add: B. of Austr. pl. 51.

303.

| 806.

307.

L. bicolor (Linn.) PI. enl. 298. f. 1., Levaill. Ois. d’Afr. t.
Add: B. of Austr. pl. 52.; Vanga |

Add: B. of Austr. pl. 49.; Lanius ro- |

| 308.

Add as species:

C. Quoyi (Less.) Voy. de la Coqu. Ois. t. 14., B. of Austr.
pl. 538.

C. picatus Gould, Pr. Z. 8, 1848. p. 40., B. Austr, pl. 50.

C. leucopterus Gould, Introd. p. 35.

Gymnorhina /euconota. Erase Cracticus hypoleucus Gon/d,
Syn. B. of Austr. pl. f. (head).

G = anaphonensis, &c. Remove as synonymous with Stre-
pera versicolor ; and add: Corvus fuliginosus Brehm, B. of
Austr, pl. 45.; Strepera plumbea Gould.

Add as a species .

G. organicum Gould, B. of Austr. pl. 48.— Cracticus hypo-
leucus Gould, Syn. B. of Austr. p. f. (head), B. of Austr.
pl. 48.

Strepera graculina. Add: Barita strepens Merr.

S. fuliginosa. Add: B. of Austr. pl. 45.

Refer to S. arguta Gould, Proc. Z. 8. 1846. p. 20., B. of
Austr. pl. 44.

S. melanoptera Gould, Proc. Z. S. 1846. p. 20.

Phonygama viridis. For 10, read 23. Add: Manucodia
chalybea Bodd.

Garrulus glandarius.
40, 41., Fauna Jap. t. 43.

G. atricapillus. Add: Explor. Sci. de l’ Algérie, Ois. t. 6.;
Garrulus tridens Ehrenb.

Add as species :

G. Krynickii Kalensez. Bull. de Mose. 1839. p. 319.

G. Brandtii Hartl. Rey. Zool. 1845. p. 52.

Cyanocorax ultramarinus. Separate as a species:

C. californicus (Vigors), Zool. of Beechey’s Voy. pl. 5.—
Cyanocitta superciliosa Strickl.; Garrulus ultramarinus Audub.
B. of Amer. pl. 362. f. 3.

Add as species:

C. cyanocapillus Cab. Fauna Per. 233.

C. Harrisii Cassin. Proc. Acad. Philad. 1848. p. .—Cy-
anocorax violaceus Dubus, Bull. Acad. Roy. Belg. 1848.
p- -, Rev. Zool. 1848. p. 243. Wils.

C. concolor Cassin. Proc. Acad. Philad. 1848. p. .— Cy-
anocorax unicolor Dubus, Bull. Acad. Roy. Belg. 1848. p. .,
Rev. Zool. 1848. p. 243. Wils.

C. nanus Dubus, Bull. Acad. Roy. Belg. 1848. p.
Zool. 1848. p. 2435.

Psilorhinus sinensis. Mr. Blyth has made five species,
which are closely allied to one another:

P. sinensis (Linn.) Pl. enl. 622.

P. occipitalis Bl. Journ, A. S. B. 1846. p. 27. — Pica ery-
throrhyncha Vigors, Gould, Cent. of B. pl. 41.

P. magnirostris Bl. Journ. A. 8. B. 1846. p. 27.

P. albicapillus Bl. Journ. A. S. B. 1846. p. 28.

P. flavirostris Bl. Journ. A. S. B. 1846. p. 28.

Add as a fifth species :

? P. eyanocephalus (Pr. Max.) Voy. de Amér. du Nord, App.
p- .— Type of Gymnorhinus Pr. Max. (1843).

Kitta venatoria Gray is a distinct species.

Add: Levaill. Ois. de Parad. t.

-s Rev.

Cissa sinensis.
Add as two species :

C. buccoides (Temm.) PI. col 575.

C. ornata (Wagl.) Hartl.

Add as a species: Temnurus pallidus (Blyth), Journ.
A. S. B. 1846. p. 30.

Crypsirina varia. Add: Temia Leyaillantii Less.

APPENDIX.

15

Page
313.

314.

315.

316.
317.

323.
320%

320.

327.

328

Nucifraga caryocatactes. Add: Nucifraga macrorhynchos |
Brehm.

N. brachyrhynchoe Brehm.

Pica albicollis. Add: Garrula torquata Temm. V1. col. |
444. .
Add as species :

P. mauritanica Malh. Mém. Soc. d’ Hist. Nat. Metz, 1843. |

p- ., Explor. Sci. de l’Algérie, Ois. t. 7.— P. BiG |

Journ. A. S. B. xiii. p. 393. |

And refer to: |
P. media Bl. Journ. A. S. B. xiii. p. 393. |
Corvus coroneotdes is synonymous with C. australis. Add:

B. of Austr. pl. 18.; Corvus affinis Brehm.

C. nasicus. Read: C. jamaicensis Gmel.—Corvus nasicus |
Temm. &c.

C. monedula.

C.
belong to the genus Nucifraga.
Wagl.

C. dauricus. Add: Corvus morio Forst.

C. leuconotus. Add: Jard. & Selby Ill. Orn. n.s. pl. 32.

C. cafer. Separate C. crassirostris Riipp. Faun. Abyss. t. 8.

Add: Corvus collaris Drumm.
Pr. Bonaparte considers this species to
And add: Corvus megonyx |

columbianus.

as a distinct species.
Refer to:
C. infumatus Sundey. — Corvus umbrinus Hedenb.
C. torquatus Less. Tr. d’Orn. p. 328.
C. ruficollis Less. Tr. d’Orn. p. 329.
C. moneduloides Less. Tr. d’Orn. p. 329.
C. orientalis Eversm. Addend. ad Pall. Zoog.
C. fuscicollis Vieill.
C. sinuatus Licht. Wagl. Isis, 1829. p. 748.
C. versicolor Vieill. |
Picathartes gymnocephalus. For 227. read 327.
Pyroderus scutatus. Add: Coracina rubricollis
Azara, No. 56.
Paradisea regia. Add: Paradisea rex Scop.
Ptilonorhynchus holosericeus. Add: B. of Austr. pl. 10.
P. Smithii. Add: B. of Austr. pl. 11. |
Astrapia carunculata. Add: Type of Paradigalla Less.
(1835).
Calornis columbina. Add: Kitt]. Kupf. der Vég. t. xv. f. 6.
Add as species :
C. corvina Kittl. Kupf. der Vog. t. xv. f. 3., Mém. de |
l'Acad. 1835. t. 2. p. 7. t. 19.
C. afinis Hay, Journ. A. S. B. 1846. p. 36. |
Sissirostrum Pagei. Read: S. dubium ( Lath.) Hartl.— Sis- |

Vieill.

sirostrum Pagei Lafr. &c. And add: Mag. de Zool. 1845. | 346.
SAT.

Oi t. 59: |

Insert : CUTIA Hodgs.

Bill long, strong, and rather curved, with the culmen |
curved and the sides compressed to the tip, which is slightly |
emarginated ; the lateral margins curved and the gonys long
and curved upwards ; the gape furnished with a few very short
bristles ; the nostrils lateral, and placed in a short groove, with
the opening covered by a membranous scale. Wings moderate |

and rounded, with the fifth quill rather longer than the fourth. | 848.

Tail moderate, and nearly even. Tarsi longer than the middle
toe, strong, and covered with scarcely divided scales. Toes
long and strong, with the lateral toes nearly equal, and the

330.

334,

342.

343.

344.

outer one united at its base ; the hind toe long, and armed with
a strong curved claw.

The typical species is an inhabitant of Nepal.

C. nipalensis Hodgs. Journ. A. S. B. 1837. p. 112.

Aplonis obscurus is probably synonymous with A. nove
hollandie. And add: Lamprotornis nigroviridis Less. Echo
1844. p. 81., Dubus, Esquis. Ornith. t. 12.

Saraglossa madagascariensis. Add: Turdus madagascarius
Herm.
Gracula. Refer to:

G. intermedia Hay, Journ. A. 8. B. 1846. p. 32.

G. ptilogenys Bl. Journ. A. S. B. 1846. p. 285.

Pastor dawricus is synonymous with P. dominicanus.

P. temporalis. Eyton,
Mr. Strickland considers it to be the same as P. dominicanus.
Heterornis Blythii. Add: Jerd. Ill. Ind. Orn. pl. 22.

Sturnella militaris. Add: Azara, No. 68. 69.
Scolecophagus ferrugineus. Add: Audub. B. of Amer. pl. 157.
Quiscalus purpureus. Add: Audub. B. of. Amer. pl. 7.
Q. major. Add: Audub. B. of Amer. pl. 187.
Add as a species:
Q. Breweri Audub. B. of Amer. 2d edit. pl. 492.
Add: Japus Azara Mer.
Add: Gosse Ill. B. of Jam. pl. 53.
Cassicus solitarius. Add: Japus bursarius Mer.
Add: Japus dubius Merr.

Separate Pastor malayanus as

Scaphidurus ater.
S. crassirostris.

C. albirostris.
Add as a species :

C. uropygialis Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1843. p. 290. 1847. p. 218.

Icterus pectoralis. Add: Icterus guttulatus Less. Mag. de
Zool. 1844., Ois. t. 52., O Des Murs, Iconogr. Ornith. t. 10.

I. mentalis is synonymous with I. gularis; and add: O Des
Murs, Iconogr. Ornith. t. 9.
Add as species:

I. maculialatus Cass. Proc. Acad. Philad. 1847.

I. auricapillus Cass. Proc. Acad. Philad. 1847.

C. Giraudii Cass. Proc. Acad. Philad. 1847. p.

Xanthornus cayanensis. Separate as a species:

X. chrysopterus (Vieill.) Azara, No. 67.

X. varius. Add: Audub. B. of Amer. pl. 62.
Add as species:

X. Parisorum (Pr. Bonap.) Proc. Z. 8. 1837. p. 110.

X. rufigaster (Vieill.).

X.? californicus (Less.) Rev. Zool. 1844. p. 436.

Yphantes Baltimore. Add: Audub. B. of Amer. pl. 13.

Refer to Y. auricollis (Pr. Max.) Voy. de ’Amér. du
Nord, App. p. 269.

Molothrus pecoris. Add: Audub. B. of Amer. pl. 99.

Agelaius pheniceus. Add: Audub. B. of Amer. pl. 67.

A. gubernator. Add: Audub. Orn. Biogr. v. p. 211.

A. cyanopus. Add: Trupialis hybridus Mer.

A. cureus. Add: Trupialis animosus Merr.

A. wanthocephalus. Add: Audub. B. of Amer. pl. 388. f. 2. 3.

Add as species: A. pyrrhogaster (Tarrag.) Rev. Zool.
1847. p. 252.

A. violaceus Pr. Max. Beitr. p. 1212.

A.? atro-olivaceus Pr. Max. Beitr. p. 1217.

Leistes viridis. Add: Trupialis palustris Mer.

L. anticus. Add: Add Trupialis draco Merr.

Amblyrhamphus holosericeus. Add: Japus rubricapillus
Merr.

Page

340.
350.

358.

359.

3860.

361.

352.

363.

APPENDIX.

Chrysomus frontalis, Add: Azara, No. 72.; ‘Trupialis

ruficeps Merr.
C.? flavus, Add: Azara, No. 66.

Add: Audub. B. of Amer. pl. 54.
Spermospiza. Add as a species ; 8. margaritata Strickl. Ann.

Hist. 1844. 418. pl. 10., O. Des Murs, Iconogr. Ornith. t. 64.

Add: Gould, B. of Aus. pl. 199. ;

Coccothraustes atrogularis Macgill.

Add: Audub, B. of Amer, pl. 378. f. 1.

Add: Jour, A. S. B. 1844, p. 950. pl.

Dolichonyx oryzivorus.

Coccothraustes vulgaris.

C. vespertinus.

C. carnipes.
f. 4. (bill.)

Add as a species: C. speculigerus Brandt, Bull. Sci. Acad.
Pétersb.

Camarhynchus cinereus. Add: Type of Piezorhina, Lafr.
(1843).

Pipilo thoracica. Add: Erman’s Atlas, t. 4.
P. superciliosa. Add: Azara, No. 116.
Refer to:

P. torquata Dubus, Bull. Acad. Roy. Belg. 1848.p.
Zool. 1848. p. 246.

P. rufopilea Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1848. p.

Add: Azara, No. 78.
Add: Type of Pecilornis Hartl. (1844).
To be removed to Tachyphonus.

., Rev.

Arremon si/ens.

Ar. rufivertex.

Ar. flavopectus.
Refer to:

Ar. aurantiirostris Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1847. p. 72.

Ar. Abeillei Less. Rey. Zool. 1844. p. 435.

Ar. teniatus Boiss. Rey. Zool. 1840. p. 67.

Ar. biarcuatus Fl. Prev. Voy. de la Véuus, Ois. t. 6.

Ar. ophthalmicus Dubus, Bull. Acad. Roy. Belg. 1848. p. .,
Rey. Zool. 1848. p.

Ar. palmarum (Linn.) Pl. enl. 539. f. 1. —Tanagra do-
minica Linn. PI. enl. 156. f. 2.; Dulus dominicus Steph. ;
Type of Dulus Vieill. (1816).

Ar. nuchalis (Swains.) Two Cent. and a Quart., p. 345.

Embernagra brunneinucha. Add: Arremon frontalis
Tschudi.

Pitylus canadensis. Add: Coccothraustes viridis Vieill.

P. cyaneus. Add: Azara, No. 119.

P. torridus. Add: Azara, No. 121. t. 22.

P. chrysogaster synonymous with P. chrysopeplus.
Refer to:

P. poliogaster Dubus, Bull. Acad. Belg. 1848. p.
Zool. 1848. p. 245.

P. cyanoides Lafr. Rey. Zool. 1847. p. 74.

Cissopis. Add as a species: C. minor Cab. Fauna Per. p. 211.

Lamprotes ruficollis. Add: Erythrolanius rubricollis Less.
Add: Mag. de Zool. 1844. Ois. t. 50. ; |
Sericossypha sumptuosa Less.

Saltator atricollis. Add: Saltator sordidus Less.

S. c@rulescens, &c., are synonymous with 8S. cayanensis.

S. viridis. ‘ Probably Cyclarhis guianensis.” Hartl,

S. eyanopterus is synonymous with Tanagra episcopus.

S. Riefferii is synonymous with Saltator elegans Tschudi.

., Rev.

L. albocristata.

Refer to, as belonging to this genus:
S. magnoides Lafr. Rey. Zool. 1844. p. 41.
S. guadelupensis Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1844. p. 167.
S. icterophrys Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1844. p. 41.

S. rubicoides Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1844. p. 41.
S. orenocensis Lafr. Rey. Zool. 1846. p. 274.

Page

304.

365.

eA

» maculipectus Lafr. Rey. Zool. 1847. p. 73.

- striatipectus Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1847. p. 73.

S. icteropyga Dubus, Esquis. Ornith. t. 13.

? S. raptor Cabot, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. v. 90. pl. 12.
Ramphopis brasilia. Add: Pl. enl. 127. f. 1.

Add: Dubus, Esquis. Ornith. t. 15.

7]

R. icteronotus.
Refer to:

R. atrococeineus Swains. B. of Braz. pl. 20.

R. varians Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1847. p. 216.

Pyranga bivittata.
P. ardens Tschudi.

P. rubriceps. Read: P. erythrocephala (Swains.) Phil. Mag.
1827. p. 437. — Pyranga rubriceps G. R. Gray.

Add as a species: P. eucullata Dubus, Bull. Acad. Roy.
Belg. 1848. p. ., Rev. Zool. 1848. p. 245,

Lanio cristatus ((imel.) Vieill. is the same, and should be
removed from Tachyphonus, 5.

Add as a species: L. awrantius Lafr. Rey. Zool. 1846.
p- 204.

Tanagra episcopus. Separate as a distinct species :

T. cana Swains. Ornith. Dr. pl. 37. — Tanagra celestis
Swains. Ornith. Dr. pl. 41. Strick.

T. olivacea. Add: Tanagra palmarum Pr. Maz.

T. glauca, &c., are synonymous with T. episcopus. Strick].

T. argentata. Read: T. virens (Linn.) Strickl. Edw.
Birds, pl. 351. f. 1—Tanagra prelatus Less. ; T. episcopus
Swains. Ornith. Dr. pl. 39. Strick.

T. gularis. Remove to Nemosia.

T. capitata, Dr. Hartlaub considers this species to belong
to Tachyphonus.

T. zena. Alter into two species, as

T. zena (Linn.) Vigors, Catesby, Carol. t. 42. — Fringilla
bahamensis Briss.; Tanagra multicolor Vieill. Gal. des Ois.
t. 76.

T. nigricephala Jameson, Wern. Soc. Mem. vii. p. 485. —
Spindalis bilineatus Jard. & Selby, Ill. Orn. n.s. pl. 9.; Tana-
gra zenoides Lafr. O des Murs, Iconogr. t. 40.

T. Pretrei. Add: Voy. de I’Isle de Cuba, Ois. t. 11.

T. fasciata. Add: Tanagra axillaris Spiw, Av. Bras.
t. 54. £..2.

T. leucophea.
t. 54. f. 1.

T. cyanicollis, &c., to be erased.

Refer to as species :

T. frugilegus Tschudi, Fauna Peruy. Consp. p. 26., Fauna
Peroateiliedenle

T. analis Tschudi, Fauna Peruy. Consp. p. 27., Fauna
Berets UG. toile

T. palpebrosa Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1847. p. 71.

Stephanophorus c@ruleus. Add: Tanagra leucocephala
Vieill. Azara, No. 93.

Tachyphonus /eucopterus. Add: Azara, No. 76.

T. tenuirostris, &c., remove to Lanio.

T. cristatus, &c., remove to Lanio.

Add: Azara, No. 101.; Muscicapa me-

Add: Pyranga leucoptera T'rudeau ;

Add: Tanagra capistrata Spia, Avy. Bras.

T. quadricolor.
lanops Vieill. ?
T. corypheus. Add: Agelaius coronatus Vieill.
T. Victorinii. Add: Tachyphonus elegans Less.
T. lunulatus. Add: Dubus, Esquis. Ornith. t. 4.; Ta.

nagra erythrotis Less.

366.

307.

APPENDIX.

| Page

T. cristatellus. Add: Fringilla pileata Pr. Maz. ; Passerina
ornata Less. Azara, No. 114.
T.? capistratus, &c., synonymous with Tanagra /eucophea.
T.? awillaris, &c., synonymous with Tanagra fasciata.
Refer to:
T. sumptuosus Less. Tr. d'Orn. p. 562.
T. flavopectus Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1840. p. 22. 1848. p. 11.
T. brevipes Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1846. p. 206.
Delatrii Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1847. p. 7%.
canigularis Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1848. p. 11.
albitempora Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1848. p. 12.
lachrymosus Dubus, Esquis. Ornith. t. 10.
Add: Hylophilus cyanoleucus Pr. Maz.

Ihe

ite

The

T.

Nemosia pileata.
Azara, No. 105. 110.

N. flavicollis, Add: Sylvia melanoxantha Licht.

N. nigricollis. Read: N. guira (Linn.),. — Tanagra nigri-
collis Gmel. &c., Edw. Birds, pl. 351. f. 2.

Add as another species : N. nigrogenys Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1846.
p. 278.

Tanagrella velia. Separate as a distinct species:

T. cyanomelas Pr. Max. Beitr. zur Naturg. p. 453. —
Tanagra multicolor Swains. Pl. enl. 669. f. 3.

Add as a distinct species: T. ruficollis (Gmel.).— Fringilla
martinicensis Gmel. ; Fr. rufobarbata Jacq. ; Neornis cerulea
Harti. ; Tachyphonus rufogularis Lafr. Gosse, Ill. B. of Jam.
pl. 58.

Calliste tricolor. Add: Tanagra tatao Pr. Maz.

C. citrinella. Add: Tanagra cyanoventris Vieill.

C. Desmarestii. Add: Aglaia viridissima Lafr.

Add: Azara, No. 95.

C. peruviana. Add: Tanagra gyrola Pr. Maz.

C. tatao. Add: Aglaia paradisea Swains.

C. flava. Add: Azara, No. 96.

C. ceruleocephala. Add: Tanagra cyanicollis D'Orb. &
Lafr. Voy. dans Y Amér. Meér. Ois. t. 25. f. 1.

C. nigroviridis. Add: Mag. de Zool. 1843. t. 43.

C. vittata. Add: Type of Procnopis Cabr. (1844.); Ta-
nagra melanotha Vieill. Azara, No. 164.

C. labradorides. Add: Voy. de la Vénus, Ois. t. 5. f. 2.

C. Vassorii. Add: Aglaia diva Less.

Refer to as species of this genus:

C. calliparea (Licht) Tschudi, Faun. Per. Consp. p. 26.

Faun. Per. Consp. p. 25.,

C. cayana.

C. sxanthocephala Tschudi,
Fauna Per. t. 17. f. 2.

C. pulchra Tschudi, Faun. Per. Consp. p. 25., Fauna Per.
lsh 38 CL

C. atrocerulea Tschudi, Faun. Per. Consp. p. 25., Fauna
Reratalticete 2.

C. argentea Tschudi, Faun. Per. Consp. p.25., Fauna Per.
tr VAs £./2%
. aurulenta Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1843. p. 290.
. Wilsoni (Lafr.) Rev. Zool. 1847. p. 71.
. Fanny Uafr. Rev. Zool. 1847. p. 72.
. chrysotis Dubus, Esquis. Ornith. t. 7.
- larvata Dubus, Esquis. Ornith. t. 9.

e} fe) oe) eee)

- gyroloides Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1847. p. 277.

Euphonia chlorotica. Add: Azara, No. 99.; Tanagra chry-
sogaster Cuv.

E. cayanensis. Read: E, cayana (Linn.) Pl. enl. 114. f. 3.
—Tanagra cayanensis Gmel. Desm. Tanag. t.

378.

379.

E. cyanoventris to be erased.

E. Pretrei. Add: Mag. de Zool. 1843. Ois. t. 42.

E. enea. Add: Euphonia pyrrhuloides Natt.; Tanagra
chalybea Mikan, Delect. Fl. & pl.
Read : E. pipra (Less.) Cent. de Zool. t. 26.—
Euphone aurora Sundev. Sy. Akad. 1833. t. 11. f. 5. ; E. modesta
Licht. ; E. pardalotes Less. ; Type of Iodopleura Less. (1839).
Refer to:

E. guttuta Less. Rev. Zcol. 1839. p. 45.

E. fusca (Vieill.) N. Dict. d’Hist. Nat. viii. p. 262.—
Pipra Laplacei Eyd. § Gerv. Mag. de Zool. 1837. Ois. t. 68.

Ki. Isabelline Parzud. Rey. Zool. 1847. p. 186.

E.? umbilicalis (Less.) Tr. d’Orn. p. 460.

KE. jamaica (Linn.) Brown’s Illustr. pl. 26.

E. cinerea Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1846. p. 277.

E. elegantissima (Pr. Bonap.) Proc. Z. 8. 1837. p. 112. —
Euphonia celestis Less. Dubus, Esquis. Ornith. t. 8.

E. occipitalis Dubus, Esquis. Ornith. t. 14.

E.? cyanea (Swains.) Zool. Journ. 1827. p.
Pipraeidea Swains. (1827).

E. chlorolepidota (Swains.) Two Cent. and a Quart. p. 357.
— Type of Pipreola Swains. (1837).

Euspiza aureola Gould, B. of Eur. pl. 174., Erman, Verz.
Thier. und Pflanz. t. 6.
Add: Phrygilus guttatus Tschudi.

E. aurora.

.— Type of

E. alaudina.
Refer to:

E. unicolor (D'Orb. & Lafr.) Syn. Av. p. 79.

E. plebejus (Tschudi), Faun. Per. Consp. p. 30., Fauna Per.
UC! tele

E. rustica (Licht.) Tschudi, Faun. Per. Consp. p. 30.
Add: Gould, B. of Eur. pl. 173.

E. cirlus. Add: Gould, B. of Eur. pl. 175.

E. hortulana. Add: Gould, B. of Eur. pl. 176.; Embe-
riza Buchanani Blyth.

E. Cia. Add: Gould, B. of Eur. pl. 179., Erman, Verz.
Thier. und Pflanz. t. 8. f. 3.

E. pithyornis. Add: Gould, B. of Eur. pl. 180., Erman,
Verz. Thier. und Pflanz. t. 7. f. 2.
Add: Gould, B. of Eur. pl. 177.
Add: Gould, B. of Eur. pl. 178.

Add: Gould, B. of Eur. pl. 183.

E. pyrrhulotdes, synonymous with E. palustris.
Gould, B. of Eur. pl. 182.

E. miliaria. Add: Gould, B. of Eur. pl. 171.

E. brunneiceps may be Euspiza icterica.

Refer to :

E. ciotdes Brandt, Bull. de l’Acad. Imp. St. Pétersb.

E.? aurifrons Blyth, Journ. A. 8S. B. 1847. p. 476.

Fringillaria flaviventris. Add: B. of W. Afr. i. p. 211.
pl. 18.; Emberiza xanthogaster Steph.

F. erythroptera. Add: Emberiza caffrariensis Steph.

Add: Gould, B. of Eur. pl. 181.

Emberiza citrinella.

E. rustica.
E. Lesbia.

E. scheniclus.
Add :

F. ca@sia.
Refer to:

F. bicincta (Forst.) Descr. Anim. p. 405., Icon. ined. 154 a.
— Emberiza quinque-vittata Licht.

F. africana (A. Smith), Rep. of 8. Afr. Exp. p. 48,

Plectrophanes nivalis. Add: Gould, B. of Eur. pl. 170.,
Audub. B. of Amer. pl. 189.

P. lapponicus. Add: Gould, B. of Eur. pl. 169., Audub.,
B. of Amer. p. 365.

18

Page

380.

383.

384.

386.

APPENDIX.
Page
Add as a species: P. Smithii Audub, B. of Amer, 2d edit. Add:

pl. 487. S. bicolor (Linn.) Catesby, Carol. pl. 37., Gosse, Ill. B. of
Alauda arvensis. Add Gould, B. of Eur. pl. 166. Jam, pl. 64.

A. brachydactyla. Add: Gould, B. of Eur, pl. 163. S. olivacea (Linn.) Swains. Briss. Ornith. iii. t. 13. f. 5.—
A. ruficeps, &c., to be erased. Fringilla lepida Linn. Jacq. Beitr. t. 2., Sagra, Voy. de
A. cristata. Add: Gould, B. of Eur. pl. 165. l'Isle Cuba, Ois. t.; Tiaris pusillus Swains. Mag. Phil. 1827. p.
A. malabarica. Add: Alauda Deva Sykes. 438.

A. arborea. Add: Gould, B. of Eur, pl. 167. S. anowantha Gosse, B. of Jam. p. 247., Ill. B. of Jam.
A. erassirostris. Add: Alauda turdina Mer. pl. 62.

Refer to: S. adowa Gosse, B. of Jam. p. 253., Ill. B. of Jam. pl. 65.

A. anthirostris Landb. Isis, 1843. p. 599. Refer to:
A. rufula Vieill. Gal. des Ois. t. 161. S. pyrrhomelas Pr. Max. Beitr. iii. p. 586.
Melanocorypha nigra. Add: Melanocorypha saxicoloides S. melanocephala Pr. Max. Beitr. iii. p. 577.
Boie. S. leucopogon Pr. Max. Beitr. iii. p. 572.
Refer to M. torquata Bl. Journ. A. S. B. 1847. p. 476. S. olivaceoflava Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1843. p. 291.
Otocoris alpestris. Add: Gould, B. of Eur. pl. 164, S. luctuosa Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1843. p. 291. — Pyrrhula
Refer to O. Sprangeri (Aud.) B. of Amer. 2d edit. leucomelas Less.

pl. 486. S. ornata (Licht.) Azara, No. 125.

Megalophonus apiatus. Add: Smith, Ill. Zool. S. Afr. 387. Pyrrhula rubicilla. Add: Gould, B. of Austr. pl. 209. ;

Birds, pl. 110. f.1.; Alauda erepitans Merr. Pyrrhula pileata Macgill.

M. africanus. Read: M. planicolus (Licht.)— Alauda P.? epauletta. Add: Type of Pyrrhoplectes Hodgs.

africana Smith, &e. (1844).

M. pyrrhonota. Add: Smith, Tl. Zool. S. Afr. Birds, pl. Add :

110. f. 2. | P. striolata Riipp. Fauna Abyss. t. 37. f. 1.

Refer to: | P. nana Pucher, Rev. Zool. 1845. p. 52., Mag. de Zool.
M. ruficeps (Riipp.) Fauna Abyss. t. 38. f. 1. 1845. Ois. t. 58.

M. ferrugineus (Lafr.) Rev. Zool. 1839. p. 258. Uragus sibiricus. Add: Gould, B. of Eur. pl. 205.
Mirafra assamica McClell. Add: Plocealauda typica Hodgs. Strobilophaga sipahi. Add: Hematospiza boetonensis
M.? cantans. Read: M. cantillans Jerd. Journ. A. S. B. | (Lath.) Blyth, Journ. A. S. B. 1844. p. 051.

1844. p. 960. S. subhemachala. Add: Type of Propyrrhula Hodgs.

Refer to: | (1844).

M. Horsfieldii Gould, B. of Austr. iii. pl. 77. | Add: 8. rhodochlamys Brandt, Bull. Sci. l Acad. St. Pétersb.
M. erythroptera Jerd. Journ. A. S. B. 1844. p. 958. — (184 .) p. 27.
Mirafra javanica Jerd. Ill. Ind. Orn. pl. 38. S. rubeculoides Hodgs. Add: Pyrrhospiza punicea Blyth.
M. affinis Jerd. Journ. A. S. B. 1844. p. 958. | 388. Loxia eurvirostra. Add: Loxia abietina Meyer.
M. Hayi Jerd. Journ. A. S. B. 1844. p. 958. L. americana. Add: Loxia curvirostra Audub.
M. raytal Bl. Journ. A. 8. B. 1844. p. 962. L. himalayana. Add: Loxia himalayensis (Hodgs.) Blyth,
Certhilauda africana. Read: C. capensis (Bodd.) Pl. enl. Journ. A. S. B. 1844. p. 952.
712. — Alauda africana Gmel. &c. L. tenioptera Glog. Add: Isis, 1827. p. 411.
C. rufopalliata is synonymous with C. semitorquata; and | 589. Paradoxornis. Add as a distinct species:

add: Ill. Zool. S. Afr. Birds pl. 106. f. 2. P. unicolor Hodgs. Journ. A. S. B. 1843. p. 448.—Type of
C. albofasciata. Read: C. garrula Smith, Proc. 8. Afr. Heteromorpha Hodgs.

Inst. 1833. p._., Ill. Zool. S. Afr, Birds, pl. 106. f. 1.— 393. Colius capensis is thought by Dr. Riippell to be the same as

Certhilauda albofasciata Lafr. &c. | C. erythropus.

C. desertorum. Add: Gould, B. of Eur. pl. 168., Pl. | C. erythromelon. Add: Colius coromandeliensis Licht.

col. 393. C. indicus. Dr. Riippell thinks this is the same as B, ery-
Carpodacus erythrinus. Add: Gould, B. of Eur. pl. 206, | thromelon.

C. roseus. Add: Gould, B. of Eur. pl. 207. 395. Turacus erythrolophus. Add: Corythaix igniceps Less.
C. Payraudei. Add: Gould, B. of Eur. pl. 208. T. porphyreolophus. Add: Gallirex anais Less.

C. rhodopeplus. Add: Type of Propasser Hodgs. (1844.) Schizorhis zonorius. Read: S. zonurus.

Refer to C. crassirostris (Bl.) Journ. A. 8S. B. 1847, S. personata. Add: Trans. Zool. ii. p. 233. pl. 16.

p- 476. S. leucogaster. Add: Trans. Zool. ii. p. 234. pl. 17.
Spermophila bicolor. Should be 8. ——. S. concolor. Add: Type of Corythaixoides A. Smith (1834).
S. minuta. Add: Azara, No. 122. 399. Buceros rhinoceros. Add: Buceros diadematus Dum.

S. chrysocephala. Dr. Hartlaub considers this a Cocco- B. elatus. Add: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1847.
thraustes. jap Giail-

S. nigro-aurantia. Add: Pyrrhula brachyptera Temm. B. hydrocoraz. For Pl. enl. read Pl. col. Add: Buceros

S.? collaris. Add: Pyrrhula diops Temm. planicornis Merr. ; B. platyrhynchos Pears.

S.? violacea. Add: Gosse, Ill. B. of Jam. pl. 66.; Pyr- B. scutatus. Add: Linn. Trans. xiv. pl. 23.

rhula Robinsonii Gosse, lll. B. of Jam. pl. 67. B. plicatus. Add: Buceros annulatus Dum.

APPENDIX.

19

400.

403.

404.

407.

408.

B. ruficollis synonymous with B. plicatus.

B. lugubris. Mr. Blyth considers this to be synonymous
with B. comatus.

B. Panini. Add: Buceros insculptus Dum.

B. nasutus. Add: Buceros nasica Cuv.

B. erythrorhynchus. Add: Buceros nasutus Cuv.
Refer to:

B. albocristatus Cassin. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1847.
p- 330., Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1848. pl. xv.

B. leucomelas Licht. Berl. Verz. 1832. p. 16.

B. jubatus Vieill. Dict. des Sci. vi., Suppl. p. 19.

B. intermedius Bl. Journ. A. S. B. 1847. p. 993.

B. nigrirostris Bl. Journ. A. S. B. 1847. p.

B. carinatus Bl. Journ, A. S. B. xv. p. 187.

Bucorvus abyssinicus. Add: Buceros brac Dum.

Ramphastos Toco. Add: Ramphastos magnirostris Swains,
Azara, No. 50.

R. dicolorus. Add: Azara, No. 52.

Add as a species: R. inca Gould, Proc. Z. S. 1846.
p. 68.

Pteroglossus Peppigii. Add: Pteroglossus lepidocephalus
Nitzsch.

P. nigrirostris. Add: Pteroglossus melanorhynchus Sturm.

Add as a species: P. cucullatus Gould, Proc. Z. S. 1846.
p- 69.

Nymphicus nove hollandie.
tolls Miva.

Coracopsis muscarina. Add: Levaill. Perr. t. 189.— Mus-
carinus madagascariensis Less.

Add as a species: C.? personata G. R. Gray, Proc. Z. S.
1848. p. 2., Aves, pl. 3.

Platycerecus Pennantii. Add: Gould, B. of Austr. pl. 23.

P. palliceps. Add: Platycercus celestis Less. Bourj. St. Hil.
Perr. t. 31.

B. icterotis.
of Austr. pl. 29.

P. eximius.

Add: Bourj. St. Hil. Perr.

Add: Bourj. St. Hil. Perr. t. 30., Gould, B.

Add: Gould, B. of Austr. pl. 27.
P. caledonicus. Add: Gould, B. of Austr. pl. 24., Bourj.
St. Hil. Perr. t. 29. But separate as:
P. Brownii Kuhl, Gould, B. of Austr. pl. 31., Bourj. St.
Hil’ Perr. t; 33.
P. zonarius. Add: Bourj. St. Hil. Perr. t. 40.
Add: Bourj. St. Hil. Perr. t. 39.
Add: Gould, B. of Austr. pl. 36.
P. hematogaster. Add: Gould, B. of Austr. pl. 33.
P. melanurus. Add: Gould, B. of Austr. pl. 16., Bourj.
Ste dinleiPerres toe i7/
Add: Gould, B. of Austr. pl. 35.
Add: Bourj. St. Hil. Perr. t. 32.
Add: Bourj. St. Hil. Perr. t. 34.
. purpureocephalus is synonymous with P. pileatus.
Add: Bourj. St. Hil. Perr. t. 35, 35a.
Add: Bourj. St. Hil. Perr. t. 41.
. tabuensis. Add: Bourj. St. Hil. Perr. t. 38.
. nove zealandie. Add: Bourj. St. Hil. Perr. t. 37.
Add: Bourj. St. Hil. Perr. t. 36.
Add: Bourj. St. Hil. Perr. t. 12.

P. pileatus.
P. hematonotus.

. multicolor.
Barnardii.
. unicolor.

- erythropterus.
- amboinensis.

+ pacificus.

» cornutus.

Add as species :
P. pulcherrimus Gould, B. of Austr. pl. 34.
P. splendidus Gould, B. of Austr. pl. 28.

a= Iila-Iia-Iila=Iila-Iila- ils la - ita - ia

Page

4.09.

410.

411.

413.

| 414.

P. pheton (O Des Murs), Rev. Zool. 1845. p. 449., Iconogr.
Ornith. t. 16.

Prioniturus platurus
53 a.

Pezoporus formosus. Add: Bourj. St. Hil. Perr. t. 32.,
Gould, B. of Austr. pl- 46.
Paleornis bengalensis.

St. Hil. Perr. t. 2.
P. rosaceus is synonymous with P. Barrabandi Bourj. St.
Hil. Perr. t. 6.
P. columboides. Add: Bourj. St. Hil. Perr. t. 3. 3a., Jerd.
Ill. Ind. Orn. pl. 18.
Add: Bourj. St. Hil. Perr. t. 1.
P. modestus synonymous with P. pondicerianus.
P. Barrabandi. Add: Bourj. St. Hil. Perr. t. 4., B. of
Austr. pl. 15.
Refer to: P. schisticeps Hodgs. As. Res. xix. p. 178.
P. erythrogenys (Less.) Tr. d’Orn, p. 215.
Melopsittacus wndulatus. Add: Bourj. St. Hil. Perr. t. 8.
Euphema chrysostoma. Add: Bourj. St. Hil. Perr. t. 10.
Trichoglossus versicolor. Add: Bourj. St. Hil. Perr. t. 52.,
Gould, B. of Austr. pl. 51., Voy. au Pole Sud, Ois. t. 21x. f. 1.
Ara canindé. For 262. read 272

wi ae
A. macao.

Add: Bourj. St. Hil. Perr. t. 53

Add: Levaill. Perr. t. 45., Bourj.

P. longicauda.

For 280. read 271.

Add: Bourj. St. Hil. Perr. t. 13.
Add: Abhandl. Akad. Miinchen, 1832.

A. tricolor.
A. pachyrhyncha.
A. maracana. Add: Azara, No. 274., Bourj. St. Hil.
Perr. t. 38.

A. hyacinthina.
Perr. t. 16.

A. glauca.
t. 14.

A. Spizit. Add: Bourj. St. Hil. Perr. t. 15.
Refer to: A. rubrogenys Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1847. p. 65.

A. castaneifrons Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1847. p. 66.

Conurus acuticaudatus. Add: Bourj. St. Hil. Perr. t. 17.
O Des Murs, Iconogr. Ornith. t. 31. ;

C. nobilis. Add: Bourj. St. Hil. Perr. t. 22.

C. cyanolyseos. Add: Bourj. St. Hil. Perr. t. 19.

C. luteus. Add: Bourj. St. Hil. Perr. t. 18.; Gauruba
lutea Less.

C. jendaya.

Add: Psittacara cobaltina Bourj. St. Hil.

Add: Azara, No. 273., Bourj. St. Hil. Perr.

Add: Bourj. St. Hil. Perr. t. 42, 43.
Add: Bourj. St. Hil. Perr. t. 28.
Add: Bourj. St. Hil. Perr. t.25.; Conurus

C. eruginosus.
C. cruentatus.
tiriba Less.
C. melanurus. Add: Bourj. St. Hil. Perr. t. 26.
Add: Bourj. St. Hil. Perr. t. 20.
Add: Bourj. St. Hil. Perr. t. 27.
Add: Levaill. Perr. t. 17.
Add: Azara, No. 282.
C. wanthopterus. Add: Bourj. St. Hil. Perr. t. 23. 47.
Add: Bourj. St. Hil. Perr. t. 24.
Add: Fauna Per. t. 26. f. 2.
Add: Fauna Per. t. 26. f. 1.
Add: Bourj. St. Hil. Perr. t. 45.
Add: Levaill. Perr. t. 21.

C. nenday.
C. lepidus.
C. vittatus.
C. monachus.

C. nanus.
C. mitratus.
C. rupicola.
C. aurifrons.
C. smaragdinus.
Refer to:

C. cayanensis (Gmel.) Levaill. Perr. t. 14. — Arara cayana
Less.

416.

417.

vo
.

APPENDIX.

C. canicularis (Lath.) Levaill. Perr. t. 40., Pl. enl. 767.

C. griseocephalus Less. Tr. d’Orn. p. 214. — Psittacula
griseofrons Bourj. St. Hil. Perr. t. 86.

Enicognathus leptorhynchus. Add: Bourj. St. Hil. Perr.
t. 21,

Lorius domicella. Add: Levaill. Perr. t. 95*

L. superbus. Add: Zool. Typ. pl.

Add: L. cardinalis Homb. & Jacq. Voy. au Pole Sud, Ois.
t. 24". £2.

Kos ornata. Add: Psittacus atricapillus Gmel.
E. scintillata. Add: Bourj. St. Hil. Perr. t. 51.
Refer to:

I. unicolor (Bechst.) Levaill. Perr. t. 125.

E. orientalis (Lath.).

Coriphilus Kuhlii.
Hil. Perr. t. 83.
Add: Voy. au Pole Sud, Ois. t. 24*, f. 3.,
Kiusentr. Voy. t. 17. f.

Add: Bourj. St. Hil. Perr. t. 46.
Add: Bourj. St. Hil. Perr. t. 43.
Add: Bourj. St. Hil. Perr. t. 44. 44a.
Add: Abhand. Acad. Miinchen, 1832,

Add: Lear’s Perr. pl. 38., Bourj. St.

C. Dryas.

C. placentis.
C. euteles.
C. Tris.
Eclectus paragua.
p wate On
Psittacus erythacus. Add: Levaill. Perr. t. 99.
P. Meyeri. Add: Bourj. St. Hil. Perr. t. 61. ; Psittacus
flavoscapulatus Ehrenb.
Add: Levaill. Perr. t. 102. ?
Add: Voy. au Pole Sud, Ois. t. 25*.

P. temneh.
P. heteroclitus.
Fouls 2s
P. Marimiliani. Add: Bourj. St. Hil. Perr. t. 54.
Add: Bourj. St. Hil. Perr. t. 60.
P. melanocephalus. Add: Bourj. St. Hil. Perr. t. 58.
P. vulturinus. Add: Abhand. Acad. Miinchen,t. .f. .,
Bourj. St. Hil. Perr. t. 59.
P. brachyurus. Add: Bourj. St. Hil. Perr. t. 56.
P. Pretrei. Add: Bourj. St. Hil. Perr. t. 66.
P. Guildingii. Add: Bourj. St. Hil. Perr. t. 64.
Add: Fauna Per. t. 27.
Add: Bourj. St. Hil. Perr. t. 62.

P. senilis.

P. mercearius.

P. accipitrinus.
Refer to :

P. melanotis (Lafr.) Rev. Zool. 1847. p. 67.

P. vinaceicollis (Lafr.) Rev. Zool. 1846. p. 321.

P. rufiventris Riipp. Syst. Uebers. &c. t. 32.

P. Ruppellii Proc. Z. S. 1848. p.

P. (a téte brune?) Homb. & Jacq. Voy. au Pole Sud, Ois-
20% foros

P. amazoninus O Des Murs, Rev. Zool. 1845. p. 207.,
Iconogr. Ornith. t. 15.

Chrysotis ochropterus. Add: P. xanthocephalus Swains.

C. ochrocephalus. Add: Azara, No. 285.; Amazona icte-
rocephala Less.

C. Bouqueti. Add: Chrysotis cyanocephalus Swains.

C. Dufresneanus. Add: Chrysotis Dufresnii Swains.
Bourj. St. Hil. Perr. t. 65.

C. havanensis. Read: C. eyanorhynchus (Bodd.). — Psit-
tacus havanensis Lath. &c.
Add: Bourj. St. Hil. Perr. t. 63.
Add: Bourj. St. Hil. Perr. t. 57.

Add: Azara, No. 284., Bourj. St. Hil.

C. vinaceus.

C. augustus.

C. cyanogaster.

Psittacula pileata.
Perr. t/95. 55 2.

| 423.

427.

P. passerina. Add: Bourj. St. Hil. Perr. t. 49., Azara,
No. 288., Bourj. St. Hil. Perr. t. 50.
P. Hueti. Add: Bourj. St. Hil. Perr. t. 93.
P. melanota. Add: Bourj. St. Hil. Perr. t. 95.
Add: Bourj. St. Hil. Perr. t. 98.
Add: Bourj. St. Hil. Perr. t. 99.
Add: Bourj. Sc. Hil. Perr. t. 91.
For 70. read 60. Add: Bourj. St. Hil. Perr.

P. Swinderiana.

P. taranta.

P. roseicollis.

P. pullaria.
. 90.

P. cana.

-

Add: Bourj. St. Hil. Perr. t. 96.; Psittacula
madagascariensis Briss.

P. galgulus. For 177. read 293. f. 2. Add: Bourj. St.
Hil. Perr. t. 88.; Type of Loriculus Blyth (1848).
Add: Bourj. St. Hil. Perr. t. 89.

P. Desmarestii. Add: Bourj. St. Hil. Perr. t. 85.

P. diophthalma. Add: Voy. au Pole Sud, Ois. t. 25.* f. 4, 5.

P. loxia. Add: Bourj. St. Hil. Perr. t. 94.

P. lunulata. Add: Bourj. St. Hil. Perr. t. 97.

Refer to: P. rufifrons (Less.) — Psittacus erythronotus
Kuhl, Bourj. St. Hil. Perr. t. 87.

Nasiterna pyymea. Add: Bourj. St. Hil. Perr. t. 100.

Microglossum aterrimum. Add: Microglossum ater Less.

Cacatua roseicapilla. Read: C. rosea. For rosea Vieill. read
Add: Gould, B. of Austr. pl. 4., Bourj.

P. melanoptera.

roseicapilla Wagl.
St. Hil. Perr. t. 74.
C. philippinarum.
Hil. Perr. t. 81.
C. Leadbeateri. Add: Bourj. St. Hil. Perr. t. 77.
C. moluccensis. Add: Bourj. St. Hil. Perr. t. 78.
C. cristata. Add: Bourj. St. Hil. Perr. t. 82.
Add: Bourj. St. Hil. Perr. t. 79.
Add: Bourj. St. Hil. Perr. t. 80.
Add: Zool. Typ. pl.

For 181. read 191. Add: Bourj. St.

C. galerita.

C. sulphurea.

C. citrino-cristata.
Sud, Ois. t. 26. f. 2.

C. sanguinea. Add: B. of Austr. pl. 3.

Refer to C. (De Ducrops) Homb. & Jacq. Voy. au Pole
Sud, Ois. t. 26. f. 1.

Licmetes tenuirostris.
St. Hil. Perr. t. 76.

Calyptorhynchus funereus.
t. 70., B. of Austr. pl. 11.

C. Banksii. Add: B. of Austr. pl. 7., Bourj. St. Hil. Perr.
t. 71. 71a.

C. Temminckii is synonymous with C. Cookii. Add: Ca-
lyptorhynchus Leachii Gould, B. of Austr. pl. 10., Bourj. St.
MALS Perreaten (2501 e.Bs

C. Baudini. Add: B. of Austr. pl. 18., Bourj. St. Hil.
Perr. t. 73-

C. stellatus.

-, Voy. au Pole

Add: B. of Austr. pl. 15., Bourj.

Add: Bourj. St. Hil. Perr.

Young of C. Banksii.
C. macrorhynchus. Add: B. of Austr. pl. 8.
C. xanthonotus. Add: B. of Austr. pl. 12.
C. naso. Add: B. of Austr. pl. 9.
C. galeatus. Add: B. of Austr. pl. 14., Bourj. St. Hil. Perr.
t. 75, 75a. 75d.
Nestor australis.
N. productus.
Austr. pl. 6.
Strigops habroptilus. Add: Proc. Z. S. 1847. p. 61.
Dasyptilus Pecquetii. Add: Bourj. St. Hil. Perr. t. 67.
Nat. Libr. xviii., Parr. pl. 17.

4

Add: Bourj. St. Hil. Perr. t. 68.
Add: Beurj. St. Hil. Perr. t. 69., B. of

Page
428.
429.

430.

431.

432.

434.

435.

APPENDIX.

Laimodon dubius. Add: Pogonias major Cuv.
Megalaima asiatica. Add: Pogonias cyanogenius Merr.
Add: Guer. Iconogr. R. A. t. 34. f. 1.
Add: Pogonias pullarius Merr. P

M. philippensis. Add: Pogonias rubrifrons Merr.

M. viridis.
Tick. remove to the next species.

M. parva. Add: Bucco nigromaculatus Steph. Edwards's
Birds, pl. 333.

M. barbatula.

M. atroflava.
Add:

M. cyanotis (Bl.) Journ. A. S. B. xv. p. 13.

Capito cinctus. Add: Bucco torquatus Cuv.

C. Vaillantii. Micropogon occipitalis Ripp.

Add as a species: C. glaucogularis (Tschudi), Fauna Per.
Consp. p. 41., Fauna Per. Ois. t. 24. f. 2.

Megalorhynchus Hayiii Add: Bucco Lathami (Jath.)
Raffi.

M. trimaculata.
M. rosea.

Add: Pogonias passerinus Merr. ?
Add: Sparm. Act. Swed. xviii. t. 9.

Picumnus minutissimus. Add: Picus minutus Gmel.

P. Temminckii. Add: Azara, No. 260.

P. exilis. Add: Cat. Dupl. Berl. Mus. p. 11.

P. pygmeus. Add: Picumnus ocellatus Wagl. Isis, 1829.
p- 646.

P. cinnamomeus. See Isis, 1829. p. 646.
Refer to;

P. granadensis Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1847. p. 78.

Picoides tridactylus. Add: Gould, B. of Eur. pl. 232.

P. hirsutus. Add: Apternus americanus Swains.

Picus major. Add: Gould, B. of Eur. pl. 229.; Picus

pipra Macgill.
P. medius.
P. minor.
latus Macgill.
P. leuconotus. Add: Gould, B. of Eur. pl. 228.
P. numidus. Read: P. numidicus.
P. Elliotii, &c., to be erased.
P. Wagleri. Add: Picus analis Temm.
P. mahrattensis.

Add: Gould, B. of Eur. pl. 230.

Picus aurocristatus Tick.

P. moluccensis. Add: Tripsurus auritus Eyton.
And separate into a species :

P. miztus Bodd. —Picus bicolor Gmel. Pl. enl. 748. f. 2. ;
P. variegatus Lath. ; VP. maculatus Vieill.
Add: Picus strigicollis Vieill. ?

P. Gardneri is synonymous with P. meridionalis.

P. scalaris. Add: Picus gracilis Less.? ; P. Nuttallii Gamb.
Journ. Acad. Philad. i. pl. ix. f. 2, 3.
Refer to:

P. Dargellensis Bl. Journ. A. S. B. 1845. p. 196. — Picus
Hodgsoni Malh.

P. Hardwickii Jerd. — Picus moluccensis Gray, Ill. Ind.
Zool. pl. 33. f. 1.

P. Stricklandii Malh. Rev. Zool. 1845. p. 373.

P. Jardinii Malh. Rev. Zool. 1845. p. 374.

P. canicapillus Bl. Journ. A. 8. B. xiv. p. 197.

P. dubius Cabot, Journ. N. H. Bost. v. p. 91.

?P. anais Less. Echo, 1845. p. 921.

?P. aurocapillus Vigors, Proc. Z. S. 1832. p. 4.

?P. guayaquilensis Less. Echo, 1845. p.

P. guineensis.

Add; Gould, B. of Eur. pl. 231.; Picus strio- |

Add: Gray, Iil. Ind. Zool. pl. 33. f. 2. ;

Add: Jerd. Ill. Ind. Orn. pl. 26. B. lineatus |

21
| Page
?P. icteromelas Wagl.— Picus Nattererii Malh.
?P. parvus Cabot, Journ. Nat. Hist. Bost.
?P. yucatacensis Cabot, Journ. Nat. Hist. Bost. 1845.
p: 92.
436. Campephilus robustus. Add: Azara, No. 250.
C. Boei. Add: Picus atriventris D’Orb.; P. coricentes

D'Orb.; P. leucopogon Valence.

Add: Picus Rayeri Less.
Dryocopus albirostris. Add: Azara, No. 249. ;

comatus J//.; P. melanoleucus var. Lath.
D. hematogaster. Add: Fauna Per. t. 25.

Read: C. festivus (Bodd.).—Picus
Add: Picus Elliotii Jerd.; P.

C. sumptuosus.

Picus

Chrysocolaptes goensis.
goensis Gmel. Pl. enl. &c.
guttacristatus Tick.

C. philippinarum. Read: C. aurantius (Bodd.).— Picus
philippinarum Lath. &c. For palalea read palalaca.

C. menstruus, (Scop.).— Picus manillensis Gme/. Sonn. Voy.
t. 36. ; P. obscurus Wagl.

437 Dendrobates fulviscapus. Add: Picus capensis Forst,
D. poliocephalus is synonymous with P. griseocephalus.
D. immaculatus. Separate: Ornith. Faun. von Nord-Ost
Afr. t. 34. And add to the former species: D.
D. percussus. For 391. read 424.
D. callonotus. Add: Picus cardinalis Less.
D. olivaceus. Add: Chloronerpes rufoviridis Malh.
D. passerinus. Add: Azara, No. 258.
Refer to:
fe 1D) . — Picus Abyssinicus (Stanl.) Salt’s Journ.
App. Pp.
D. fumigatus (D’Orb. & Lafr.) Syn. Av. p. ., Voy. dans
VPAmér. Mér. Ois. t. 63. f. 1.
D. sanguineus (Licht.) Wagl. Syst. Av. Sp.
D. pyrrhogaster (Malh.) Rev. Zool. 1845. p. 399.
Hemicircus concretus. Add: Dendrocopus sordidus Ey-
ton.?
H. cordatus. Add: Jerd. Ill. Ind. Orn. pl. 40.
H. melanogaster (Hay ).— Picus porphyromelas Boie ; Picus
rubiginosus Hyton. ;
439. Gecinus viridunus, &c., is synonymous with G. dimidiatus.
Add: P. bengalensis Horsf.
G. mentalis. Add: Picus gularis Temm.
Refer to:
G. chlorophaus (Vieill. ).— Picus chlorigaster Jerd. ; P. men-
talis Jerd.; G. xanthoderus Maih.
G. algirus (Vaill.) Zool. de l’Algérie Ois. t. .— Picus
Vaillantii Math.
Campethera punctuligera, synonymous with C. nubica. And
add: P. guttatus Licht.
Refer to:
C. Abingtoni Smith, Report 8. Afr. Exped. 1836. p. .—
Campethera Smithii Malh. Rev. Zool. 1845. p. 403.
? C. maculosa (Valenc.) Dict. Sci. Nat. xu. p. 173.
C. syriaca (Hempr. & Ehrenb.) Sym. Phys. 1828.
Hemilophus Lichtensteini. Add: P. funereus Valenc.
440. Celeus flavescens. Add: Azara, No. 251.

C. badiotdes.
Add as a species :
C. tinnunculus (Wagl.) Isis, 1829. p. 512.
Add: Azara, No. 253.; Picus

Add: Picus castaueus Wagl. ?

Chrysoptilus campestris.
chrysosternus Swains.
f

441.

443,

444,

44.6.

447,

448.
451.

452.

APPENDIX.

C. guttatus is synonymous with C. punctigula, And add:
Picus guttulatus Wag/.
Refer to as species:

C. chlorozostus (Wagl.) Isis, 1829. p. 513.
C. canipileus (D’Orb. & Lafr.) Voy. dans l’Amér. Mer. Ois.
t. 68. £. 8.

Brachypternus aurantius.
Add: Picus ceylonus Forst.; P. kerella

Add: Picus chrysonotus Less. ?

B. erythronotus.
Valence. ?

Examine :

B. micropus Bl. Journ. A. 8. B. xiv. p. 194.

B. dilutus Bl. Journ. A. 8. B. xiv. p. 550.

Tiga tridactyla. Add: Picus javanensis Lyngb.

T. Rafflesii is perhaps synonymous with P. amictus. And
add: ‘liga labarum Less.
Refer to:

T. rubropygialis (Malh.) Rey. Zool. 1845. p. 400.

T. intermedia Bl. Journ. A. S. B. xiv. p. 193.

Centurus radiolatus. Add: Picus larvatus Jemm.; P. albi-
frons Kuhl.

C. flaviventris. Read: C. aurifrons (Licht.). — Cen-
turus flaviventris Swains.; P. ornatus Less.; P. chrysogenys
Vigors.

C. rubriventris. Add: Picus Swainsoni Malh.

Add: Phil. Mag. 1827. p.
Read: C. tricolor (Gmel.).—Centurus sub-
elegans Pr. Bonap.

C. Santa Cruzi is synonymous with C. flaviventris.

C. flavifrons. Add:
natus Licht.; P. erythrogaster Beckl. Azara, No. 255.

C. hirundinaceus. Read: C. eruentatus (Bodd.).— Picus
hirundinaceus Gmel.; P. ischnorhynchus Wagl.; P. flavipes
Wagl.

C. chlorolophos to be erased.

Chloronerpes wanthotenia, synonymous with C. aurulentus.

C. icterocephalus. Read: C. flavigula (Bodd.).— Picus icte-
rocephalus Lath., &c.

C. fasciatus. Add: Picus striatus Gmel.

C. Kirkii. Add: Jard. Contrib. Ornith. 1848. pl. 2.

Add: C. @ruginosus (Licht.).

Melanerpes erythrocephalus. Add: Picus obscurus Lath.

M. torquatus. Add: Picus Lewis Drap.

Leuconerpes dominicanus. Add: Azara, No. 254.

Read: C. superciliaris (Temm.)

C. elegans.
C. subelegans.

Picus rubriventris Vieill.; P. coro-

Colaptes superciliosus.
Vigors, Pl. col. 433. &c.

Meiglyptes brachyurus.
Refer to:

M. phaioceps Bl. Journ. A. S. B. xiv. p. 195.

M. gularis Jerd. Madr. Journ. No. xxxi. p. 191.

M. jugularis Bl. — Picus rufonotus Malh. ?

M. pyrrhotis Hodgs.

Yunx torquilla. Add: Gould, B. of Eur. pl.

Indicator. For Shaw read Steph.

I. albirostris. Erase I. flavicollis et I.

Saurothera vetula is now considered to form three species :

1. S. vetula (Gmel.) Sloane, Jam. pl. 258. f. 2.—Saurothera
jamaicensis Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1847. p. 354., Gosse, Ill. B. of
Jam. pl. 74.

2.8. dominicensis Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1847., Pl. enl. 772.,
Sloane, pl. 17. f. 2.

Type of Micropternus Bl.

456.

457.

458.

4.59.

460.

3. 5. ——. — Saurothera vetula Vieill. N. Dict. d’Hist.
xxxil. p. 348., Gal. des Ois. t. 38., Rev. Zool. 1847. p. 357.

Coua Seriana. Add: Mag. de Zool. 1845. Ois. t. 55.

C. Reynaudi. Add: Mag. de Zool. 1845. Ois, t. 56.

Centropus affinis is synonymous with C, viridis.

C. bengalensis is synonymous with C, viridis.

C. dimidiatus is the same as C. viridis.

C. variegatus, &c., the same as C. phasianus.

C. leucogaster, &c., the same as C. phasianus,
Refer to:

C. macrourus Gould, Introd. B. of Austr. p. 68.

C. melanurus Gould, Introd. B. of Austr. p. 68.

C. eurycercus Hay, Journ. A. §. xiv. p. 551.— Cuculus
bubutus Raff.

C. chlororhynchus Blyth, Cuckoos, p. 45.

Gould.
Gould.

Insert : LEPTOSOMUS Vieill.*

Bill long and strong, with the base concealed by the pro-
jecting curved plumes of the gape ; the culmen curved, and the
sides compressed to the tip, which is hooked over the lower
mandible ; the lateral margin straight, and more or less serrated;
the gonys moderate and ascending ; the nostrils forming an
oblique slit in the substance, and at about the centre of the
bill. Wings very long, with the first three quills graduated,
and the fourth the longest. Tail long, broad, and even.
Tarsi shorter than the middle toe, strong, and covered with
transverse scales. Toes of various lengths, the outer anterior
toe the longest ; the claws moderate, strong, and curved.

The type of this genus is found in Madagascar, and some-
times at the Cape of Good Hope. Itis stated to feed on fruits,
and to build its nest in the hollow trees.

L. afer (Linn.) Vieill. Pl. enl. 587, 588., Levaill. Ois. d'Afr.
t. 226, 227.—Cuculus discolor Herm.; Bucco africanus
Steph.; Leptosomus crombec Less.

* Vieillot established this genus in 1816. (Analyse, &c.
p. 28.)

Diplopterus guira. Add: Prtiloleptis cristatus Swains.
Azara, No. 262.
D. chochi. Read: D. galeritus (1ll.) Hartl. — Coccyzus
chochi Vieill. &e. And add: Piaya chiriri, &c.
D. phasianellus. Type of Macropus Spiz (1825).
Piaya cayana. Add: Azara, No. 265.
P. chiriri, &c., synonymous with D. chochi.
P. cinerea. Add: Coccyzus melanorhynchus Cuv.
P. pluvialis. Add: Coccyzus jamaicensis Hartl.; Piaya
cinnamomeiventris Lafr. i
P. melacorypha is synonymous with Coccyzus minor.
Refer to P. brasiliensis Less. Rev. Zool. 1839. p. 41.
Crotophaga Ani. Add: Azara, No. 263.
Add: Azara, No. 264.
For Horsf. read Raff.

C. major.

Pheenicophaius curvirostris.
Refer to:

P. erythrognathus Hartl. — Phceenicophaius melanognathus
Horsf.

Dasylophus superciliosus. Add: Guer. Icon. Ois. t. 33. f. 1.

D. Cumingii. Add: Fras. Zool. Typ. pl.

Zanclostomus javanicus. Add: Coccyzus rubrirostris Drap.

Z. sirkee. Add: Centropus cuculoides C. W. Smith.

APPENDIX.

23

Page

461.

463.

464.

466.

467,

Z. Diardii. Erase: Cuculus sumatranus Raff. and add:
Pheenicophaius tristis Blyth, O. Des Murs, Iconogr. t. 19.

Z. Crauwfurdii. Read: Z. sumatranus (Raffi.) Linn, Trans.
xu. p. -—Phcenicophaius Crawfurdii Gray.
Refer to:

Z. elongatus (Miill.) Tijdsch. 1835. p. 345. t. 8. f. 5.

Z. affinis Bl. Journ. A. S. B. xv. p. 19.

Z. infuscatus Bl. Journ. A. S. B. xiv. p. 200.

Scythrops nove hollandie. Add: Gould, B. of Austr, pl.
90., Pl. col. 290.

Cuculus basalis. Synonymous with C. malayanus.

C. plagosus, synonymous with C. versicolor. Add: Gould,
B. of Austr. pl. 89.

C. lucidus. Add: Gould, B. of Austr. pl.

C. osculans. Add: Gould, B. of Austr. pl. 88.

C. inornatus. Add: Gould, B. of Austr. pl. 85.

C. cinerascens, &c., synonymous with C. flabelliformis.

C. incertus, synonymous with C. flabelliformis.

C. variolosus, synonymous with C. flabelliformis.

Refer to C. albivertex Blyth, Journ. A. S. B. 1846. p. 19. ;

Type of Simotes B/. (1846).
Eudynamys taitensis. Add: Cuculus fasciatus Forst. Desc.
Anim. p. 160, Icon. ined. 56.
E. Flindersit. Add: Gould, B. of Austr. pl. 91.
Ptilonopus monachus. Add: Knip et Prev. Pig. t. 53.
P. hyogaster. Add: Knip et Prev. Pig. t. 54.
P. naina. Add: Knip et Prev. Pig. t. 59.
P. viridis. Add: Pl. enl. 142.
P. superbus. Add: Gould, B. of Austr. pl. 57.
Refer to:
P. madagascariensis (Gmel.) Temm. Pig. t.17., Pl. enl.
11. ; Levaill. Ois. d’Afr. t. 266. — Columba phenicura Wagl.
P. nitidissimus (Scop.) Sonn. Voy. t. 101.— Columba

Francie Luath.; C. batavica Bonn; C. jubata Wagl. Le- |

vaill. Ois. d’Afr. t. 267.; Type of Alectrenas G. R. Gray
(1840).

P. DuPetithouarsii Neboux, Rev. Zool. 1840. p. 289.,
Voy. de la Vénus, Ois. t.7.— Ptilonopus Emilie Less. Voy.
au Pole Sud, Ois. t. 29. f. 1.

P. (de Taiti) Neboux, Rev. Zool. 1840. p. 289.

P. pectoralis (Wagl.) Isis, 1829. p. 740.—- Columba cya-
novirens Less. Voy. de la Coqu, Ois. t. 42. f.

P. zanthura (Forst.) Isis, 1829. p. 739., Icon. ined. 138.

P. oopa (Wagl.) Isis, 1829. p. 742. — Columba porphyracea
var. Forst. Forst. Icon. ined. 140.

P. (de Marie) Homb. & Jacq. Voy. au Pole Sud, Ois. t. 29.
fens

P. (de Clementine) Homb. & Jacq. Voy. au Pole Sud, Ois.
t. 29. £.3;

P. Rivolit (Prev.) Knip & Prev. Pig. t 57., O Des Murs,
Iconogr. Orn. t. 4.

Treron aromatica. Separate as:

T. nipalensis (Hodgs.) As. Res. xix. p. 36.—Type of
Toria Hodgs. (1836).

T. fulvicollis. Add: Treron tenuirostre Eyton ; Columba
ferruginea Forst. Isis, 1829. p. 738., Icon. ined. 142.

T. S* Thome should be T. phenicoptera (Lath.) erasing
the first name. Add: Gould, Cent. of B. pl. 58.

T. Jerdoni should be T. chlorogaster (Bl.) Journ. A. S. B.
1843. p.167.—Treron Jerdoni Strickl. &c.

|

|

|

468.

469.

471.

472.

T. vernans. Separate as:

T. purpurea (Gmel.) Brown, Ill. t. 18.— Vinago bicincta
et V. unicolor Jerd. Ill. Ind. Orn. pl. 21.

T australis. Add: Pl. enl. 111., Levaill. Ois. d’Afr. t. 277.

T. abyssinica. Add: Levaill. Ois. d’Afr. t. 276.

T. Capellei. Add: Treron magnirostris Strickl. ; Columba
gigantea Raff.

T. sphenura. Add: Vinago cantillans Blyth, Journ. A. S. B.
1843. p. 166., Knip et Prev. Pig. t. 49.

Refer to:

T. malabarica (Jerd.) Il. Ind. Orn. with pl. 21.— Vinago
aromatica et V. affinis Jerd.

T. chloroptera Bl. Ann. Nat. Hist. 1846. p. 48.

T. viridifrons Bl. Ann. Nat. Hist. 1846. p. 45.

T. apicauda Hodgs. Ann. Nat. Hist. 1846. p. 50.

Carpophaga enea. Add: Columba sylvatica Tick.?
Separate :

. bicolor (Scop.) Sonn. Voy. t. 102.—Columba alba Gmel.
- magnifica. Add: Gould, B. of Austr. pl. 58.

. spadicea. Add: Columba gigas Ranz.

insignis. Add: Columba cuprea et C. badia Jerd.
Mulleri. Add: Knip et Prev. Pig. t. 54.

C.? madagascariensis, &c., to be removed to Ptilonopus.
Refer to:

C. punicea (Tick.) Journ. A.S. B. xi. p. 462.—'Type of
Alsocomus Tick.

C. Forsteri (Wagl.) Isis, 1829. p. 729. — Columba globicera
var. Forst.; C. enea Quoy & Gaim. Voy. de l’Astrol. Ois. t.
2Onr

Columba Gnas. Add: Gould, B. of Eur. pl. 244.

- Palumbus. Add: Gould, B. of Eur. pl. 243.
Add: Gould, B. of Eur. pl. 245.

- leucocephala. Add: Audub. B. of Amer. pl. 177.
- gymnophthalmos. Add: Azara, No. 317.

- maculosa. Add: Azara, No. 318.

. fasciata. Add: Audub. B. of Amer. pl. 367.

- leuconota. Add: Knip et Prey. Pig. t. 50.

C. Hodgsoni. Type of Dendrotreron Hodgs. (1843).

C. nipalensis, synonymous with C. Hodgsoni.

Add: C. pulchricollis Hodgs.

Refer to C. Delegorguei Ornith. Append. Delegorg. Voy.
dans |’ Afr. Austr. 1847.

Ectopistes migratorius. Add: Audub. B. of Am. pl. 62.
Add: Audub. B. of Amer. pl. 17.
Geopelia humeralis. Add: Gould, B. of Austr. pl. 72.
Add: Columba lunulata Brun.

Add: Columba spiloptera Vigors, Gould, B.

- myristicivora.

Gal lial OS

. livia.

2

() (el el) Se)

Que

E. marginatus.

G. striata.

G. cuneata.
of Austr. pl. 74.

Refer to:

G. tranquilla Gould, Proc. Z. 8. 1844. p. 56., B. of Austr.
pl. ;
G. pallida Gould, Proc. Z. S. 1844. p. 55.

Macropygia amboinensis. Add: Gould, B. of Austr. pl. 75.,
Knip et Prev. Pig. t. 52.

M. leptogrammica. For 248. read 560. Add: Coccyzura
tusalia Hodgs. Journ. A. 8. B. 1843. p. 937.

Add: M. rufipennis Bl. Journ. A. S. B. 1846. p. 371.
Add: Gould, B. of Eur. pl. 246.
Add :

Turtur auritus.
T. meena, probably Columba orientalis Lath.
agricola Tick.

C.

476.

478

479.

485

486.

APPENDIX.

Add: ‘T. cinerea (Scop.) Sonn. Voy. t. 22. Columba |
phenicorhyncha Wagl. Isis, 1829. p. 745.

Columbina picut. Add: Azara, No. 8324

C. campestris. Add: Columba venusta J'emm.
Add: Fauna Per. t. 39.
Add: Fauna Per, t. 29.
Add: Audub. B. of Amer. pl. 162.
Z. galapagoensis. Add: Voy. de la Vénus, Ois. t. 8.

Add: Columba Trudeaui Audub.

C. gracilis.
C.? meloda.

Zenaida amabilis.

Z. leucoptera.
Add: Columba maculata Vieill.
Chamepelia passerina. Add: Audub. B. of Amer, pl. 182.
Add: Azara, No. 323.
Add: Azara, No. 325.
Peristera montana. Add: Azara, No. $21.
P. jamaicensis. Add: Azara, No. 320.
jee Add: Columba sylvestris Forst.
. erythroptera. Add: Krusentr. Voy. t. 17.
Pi Erase: Columba chalcospilos Wagl.
P. chalcospilos. Add: Riipp. Syst. Uebers. Vog. Nord-
Ost Afr. t. 38.
P. cristata. Add: Geotrygon sylvatica Gosse, Ill. B. of
Jam. pl. 84.—Columbigallina versicolor Lafr. O. Des Murs,

‘Z. aurita.

C. talpacoti.
C. minuta.

larvata,

afra.

Tconogr. Orn. t. 47.
Refer to:
P. chrysauchenia (Reichenb.) t. _. f.
P. trifasciata. (Reichenb.) t. Bote
P. linearis Prev. & Knip. Pig. t. 55.
P. Mayeri (Marchal.) Prev. & Knip, Pig. t. 60.
Chaleophaps chrysochlora. Add: Gould, B. of Austr. pl. 62.
Refer to C. (d’Etienne) (Homb. & Jacq.) Voy. au Pole
Sud, Ois. t. 28. f. 2.
Phaps histrionica. Read 45. for 51.
Add: Gould, B. of Austr. pl. 63.
Geophaps seripta. Add: Gould, B. of Austr. pl. 67.
G. plumifera. Add: Knip et Prev. Pig. t. 58.
Calenas Gouldiea, synonymous with G. nicobarica.
Refer to:
C. (a gorge rousse) (Homb. & Jacq.) Voy. au Pole Sud,
Oisnte 27et. Ie
C. (crinigére) (Homb. & Jacq.) Voy. au Pole Sud, Ois.
teiertees
Starnenas cyanocephala. Add: Audub. B. of Amer. pl. 172.
S. frenata. Add: Tschudi, Fauna Per. t. 28.
Probably to this subfamily belongs :
Trugon terrestris Homb. & Jacq. Voy. au Pole Sud, Ois.

. 1429.
. 1430.

P. picata.

t.28. f.1. (1 have not seen this bird.)
Ortalida canicollis. Add: Azara, No. 336.
Refer to:

O. adspera Tschudi, Wiegm. Arch. 1843. p. 363., Fauna
Per. t. 31.

O. rufiventris Tschudi, Wiegm. Arch. 1843. p. 363., Fauna
Peraitaol:

O. ruficauda Jard. Contrib. Ornith. 1848. p.

Penelope pipile. Add: Knowsl. Menag. pl. 10., Azara,
No. 337.

P. pileata. Add: Knowsl. Menag. pl. 9., O Des Murs,
Iconogr. Ornith. t. 23.
Add: Knowsl. Menag. pl. 11.
P. superciliaris. Add: Knowsl. Menag. pl. 8.
Add: Azara, No. 338.

Pe purpurascens.

Crax alector.

eee

Page
489. Talegalla Lathami. Add: Catheturus australis Swaine. ;
Meleagris Lindsayi Jameson.
Mesites variegata. Add: O Des Murs, Iconogr. Ornith.
t 1d.
M. unicolor. Add: O Des Murs, Iconogr. Ornith. t. 12.
Polyplectron, Refer to P. pavoninus M‘Clell. Cale. Journ.
Nat. Hist. i. p. 144.
Argus giganteus.
Phasianus colchicus.

Add: Gray, Ill. Ind. Zool. pl. 36.
Add: Gould, B. of Eur. pl. 247.
Gallophasis leucomelanos. Add: Jacquem. Voy. 1’ Ind. Or. t.7-
Type of Alectryon Cab. (1846).

G, purpureus is synonymous with G. erythrophthalmos.
Refer to:

G. melanotus Blyth, Journ. A. S. B. 1844.

G. Diardi Cuy. Eur. Iconogr. Reg. An. Ois, t 43. f. 2.

Gallus Lafayetiit. Add: Less. Tr. d’Orn. p. 491.

Cerioruis Lathami. Read: C. satyra (Linn.),—Satyra
Lathami Gray, &c.

Numida ptilorhyncha. Add: Guer. Iconogr. R. A. t. 41.
f. 1., Riipp. Syst. Uebers. Vog. &c. t.
Type of Galloperdix Bl. (1844).
Type of Plectrophora Gray (1833—

G. pyronotus.

499.

501.
504. — Ithaginis dunulatus.
1. madagascariensis.
1834).
Francolinus vulgaris.
F. perlatus. Add:
Sonn. Voy. Ind. t. 97.
I. Charltoni should be removed to Perdix.
Perdix cinerea. Add: Gould, B. of Eur, pl. 262.
P. oculea, synonymous with Rollulus ocellatus.
P. madagascariensis. Erase Sonn. Voy. Ind. t. 97.
P.? e@ruginosus is synonymous with Rollulus niger.
P.? Realtenii should be placed in Coturnix.
Refer to P. Phayrei Bl. Journ. A. S. B. 1843. p. 1011.
Coturnix pectoralis. Add: B. of Austr. pl. 88.
Add: B. of Austr. pl. 92.

505.

Add: Gould, B. of Eur. pl. 259.
F. madagascariensis (Gmel.) Hartl.

506.

507.

C. chinensis.
Refer to:

C. Diemenensis (Gould), B, of Austr. pl. 90.

C. sordidus (Gould), B. of Austr. pl. 91.

C. Delegorguei Ornith. App. Delegorg. Voy. dans 1’Afr.
Austr. 1847.

Rollulus niger. Add: Perdix eruginosus Eyton.

R. ocellatus. Read: R. oculea (Temm.) Pig. et Gall. iii.
p- 408. — Tetrao ocellatus Raff. &c.

Add: R. superciliosus Gray, Knowsl. Menager. pl. 16.

Caccabis Heyii. Add: Perdix flavirostris Ehvenb.

C. Bonhami. Add: Beng. Sport. Mag. 1843. p. Z
(Seesee Partridge) O Des Murs, Iconogr. Ornith. t. 29.
Add: B. of Austr. pl. 82.

Add: B. of Austr. pl. 81.
Add: B. of Austr. pl. 86.

Turnix varius.

T. melanogaster.

T. pyrrhothorax.
Refer to:

T. Sykesit A. Smith, Ill. S. Afr. Zool. p.

T. melanotus Gould, B. of Austr. pl. 84.

Odontophorus dentatus. Add: Azara, No. 334. ;
tophorus malurus Swains.

©. speciosus. Add: Tschudi, Fauna Per. t. 32.

Add: O. Balliviani Gould, Proc. Z. 8. 1846. p. 69.

Ortyx virginianus. Add. Audub. B. of Amer. pl. 70.

Add: O Perrotiana O Des Murs, Rey. Zool. 1845. p. 207.

Callipepla californica. Add: Audub. B. of Amer. pl. 418.

510.

513. Odon-

514.

APPENDIX.

Page

517.

518.

525.
527.

528.
530.

533.
535.

536.

537.

538.

541.

542.

C. Douglassiti. Add: Audub. B. of Amer. pl. 418.
as a species: C. venusta Gould, Proc. Z. 8. 1846. p. 70.

Lagopus brachydactylus is synonymous with L. albus.

Refer to L. Reinhardtii Hollbéll, Kroyer, Tidsck. iv. p.
361.

Pterocles alchata. Add: Gould, B. of Eur. pl. 258.

P. arenarius. Add: Gould, B. of Eur. pl. 257.

Examine Psammcenas Burnesii Blyth, Journ. A. S§.
1846. p. 16. Probably a species of Pterocles.

Chionis a/ba. Add: Pl. col. 509.; Chionis Forsteri Steph.

C. minor. Add: Ellis, Icon. ined. (1779.) 59.

Tinamus Tao. Add: Azara, No. 332.

T. undulatus. Add: Azara, No. 331.

T. sovi. Read : T. pileatus (Bodd.). — Tinamus sovi Gmel.
&e.
T. Tatuapa. Add: Crypturus lepidotus Swains.; Tinamus
plumbeus Less.

T. Kileesi. Add: Fauna Per. t. 32.

Refer to T. cinnamomeus Less. Rev. Zool. 1842. p. 209.

Nothura major. Add: Nothura maculosum Swains.

Rhea americana. Erase Pl. enl. 224. Add: Azara, No.
339., Knows]. Menag. pl. 12.

Dromaius nove hollandie. Add: B of Austr. pl. 1.

Apteryx australis. Add: Gould, B. of Austr. pl. 2.

Add: A. Oweni Gould, Proc. Z.$.1847.p. , B. of Austr.
pl. 3.

Eupodotis awrita. Add: Jerd. Ill. Ind. Orn. pl. 33.

(Edicnemus senegalensis. Add: Riipp. Syst. Uebers. &c. t.

(Ed. bistriatus. Add: QEd. superciliaris Tschudi.

(Ed. grallarius. Add: Charadrius fuscus Lath. Gould, B.
of Austr. pl. 5.

(Ed. giganteus is synonymous with Esacus magnirostris.

Refer to GEd. macronemus Licht. Verz. Sud-Afr. Thiere,
p- 19.

Esacus magnirostris.
of Austr. pl. 6.

Pluvianus egyptius.
Kupf. Vog. t. 4. f. 2.

Cursorius gallicus. Add: Kupf. Vog. t. 4. f. 1., Gould,
Kittl. B. of Eur. pl. 266.

C. coromandelicus. Add: Cursorius tarayensis Hodgs.

Oreophilus totanirostris. Add: Dromicus Lessonii Less.

Glareola pratincola. Add: Gould, B. of Eur. pl. 265.

G. Nordmanni. Add: Glareola melanoptera Nordm.

G. limbata. Add: Syst. Ueber. Vog. Nord-Ost Afr. t. 43.

G. orientalis. Add: Gould, B. of Austr. pl. 23.

G. Add: Gould, B, of Austr. pl. 22.

Add another species :

G. ocularis Verr. Journ. 8. Afr. ii. p. 80.— Glareola Geof-
freyi Pucher. Rev. Zool. 1845. p. 51., Mag. de Zool. 1845.
Ois. t. 57.

Vanellus cayanensis. Add: Azara, No. 386.

Chettusia gregaria. Add: Pr. Bonap. Fauna Ital. t.

C. gallinacea is synonymous with C. /obata.

C. lobata. Add: Vanellus nove hollandie Steph. Gould
B. of Austr. pl. 9.

Erythrogenys ecinctus.
Vanellus rufiventer Less.

Add

B.

Add: Cid. major Brehm, Gould, B.

Add: Charadrius niger Bodd. Kitt].

isabella.

Add: Gould, B. of Austr. pl. 21.;

Hoplopterus cayanus. Add: Azara, No. 391.
H. tricolor. Add: Gould B. of Austr. pl. 11.

if

|

oa

59.

Squatarola helvetica.
B, of Austr. pl. 12.

Charadrius virginicus. Add: “ Charadrius griseus Lath.
Lamb. Icon. ined. iii. 39.” Striekl.

(Ge Add: B. of Austr. pl. 15.

C. Add: B. of Austr. pl. 18.

¢C. Add: B. of Austr. pl. 16.

C. ruficapillus. Add: B. of Austr. pl. 17.

C. Add: Pr. Bonap. Amer. Orn. pl. 24. f. 3.

C. Add: Pr. Bonap. Am. Orn. pl. 25. f. 4.
Add as species:

C. viridis Gould, B. of Austr. pl. 14.

C. inornatus (Gould), B. of Austr. pl. 19.

Aphriza virgata. Add: “Charadrius Winterfieldii T'schudi,
Fauna Per. Ois. t. 34.”’ Harti.
Add: B. of Austr. pl. 39.
Add: Azara, No. 340.

For Gould read Audub. Add: Gould,

australis.
cucullatus.
bicinctus.

melodus.
semipalmatus.

Cinclus interpres.
Cariama cristata.
Grus. Refer to:
G. australasianus Gould, B.
Antigone var. Lath.
G. collaris Temm. PI. col. — Grus japonica Bris.
Add: Knowsl. Menag. pl. 14.
Add: Knowsl. Menag. pl. 13.
Ardea Cocot. Add: Azara, No. 347.; Ardea plumbea Mer.
A. pacifica. Add: Gould, B. of Austr. pl. 52.
A. alba. Add: Azara, No. 351, 352.?
A. longicollis. Add: Azara, No. 349. ?
Add: Azara, No. 348. 350.
Add: Egretta ruficollis Gosse, Ill. B. of

of Austr. pl. 48.— Ardea

Scops paradisea.
Balearica regulorum.

egretta.
A. leucogaster.
. pl. :
A. cerulea.
pl. 90.?
A. nove hollandie.

Add: Egretta nivea Gosse, Ill. B. of Jam.

Add: Gould, B. of Austr. pl. 53.
A. jugularis. Add: B. of Austr. pl. 60.
Add: Azara, No. 360, 361.
Add: Gould, B. of Austr. pl. 68.?
A. sinensis Add: Ardea melanotis Cuv.
A. flavicollis. Add: Jerd. Il. Ind. Orn. pl. 10!
A. picta, synonymous with A. flavicollis.
Add: B. of Austr. pl. 54.

A. exilis.
A. pusilla.

A. rectirostris.
Refer to:
. plumifera Gould, B. of Austr. pl. 57.
. pannosa Gould, B. of Austr. pl. 59.
. Greyii G. R. Gray, B. of Austr. pl. 61.
. leucophea Gould, B. of Austr. pl. 55.
. macrorhyncha (Gould), B. of Austr. pl. 66.
. picata (Gould), B. of Austr. pl. 62.
. stagnalis Gould, B. of Austr. pl. 67.
. concolor (Bl.) Journ. A. S. B. 1846. p 372.
Add: Azara, No. 354.
Botaurus poiciloptilus. Add: Gould, B. of Austr. pl. 64.
B. leucolophus (Jard.) Ann. Nat. Hist. 1846. p. 86.
Add: “ Ardea maculata Lath.”

Tigrisoma brasiliensis.

- Nyeticorax caledonicus.
Strickl.
N. sibilatriz. Add: Azara, No. 356.
Scopus umbretta.
fusca Forst.

Add: Cepphus scopus Wagl.; Ardea

Add: B. of Austr. pl.49.; Platalea me-
lanorhynchos Reichenb.
P flavipes. Add: B. of Austr. pl. 50.

or
D>

Platalea regia.

569.

D3.

APPENDIX.

Add: Azara, No. 345.
Add: Ann. Sci. Nat. 1836. p. 184. t. 45. |

Add: Hians indicus Less.

P. ajaja.
Dromas ardeola.
Anastomus oscitans.
Add: Hians capensis Less.
Add: Gould, B. of Austr. pl. 47
Add: Azara, No. 364.
Geronticus melanopis. Add: Ibis albicollis Pr. Maa,
Add: Azara, No. 365.

A. lamelligerus.
Ibis fuleinellus.

I, guarauna.

G. infuscatus.
Refer to:

G. nippon (Temm.) PI. col. 551.

G. egretta (Temm.) Man d’Ornith. pt. iv. p. 390.

G. olivaceus (Dubus), Bull. de l’Acad. de Brux. 1837. |

p. 105., Esquis. Ornith. t. 3.
Numenius cyanopus.

rostratus Lath. I7S., Lamb. Icon. ined. iii. 17.
N. longirostris.

brasiliensis Pv. Maz.

Add: B. of Austr, pl. 43.

Add: Reinh. Grénland. Fauna, t. 3.

Add: Tringa campestris Vieill. Azara, No.

N. wropygialis.
N. hudsonicus
N.
397.

N. minutus.

borealis.

Separate N. melanops Vieill.—Numenius |

Add: B. of Austr. pl. 42. ; Numenius |

Add: B. of Austr. pl. 44.
Add: Fedoa americana Steph.
L. cinerea. Add: B. of Austr. pl. 34.
Add as a species :
L. uropygialis Gould, B. of Austr. pl. 29.
Add: B. of Austr. pl. 37.

Limosa /fedoa.

Totanus stagnalis.

T. glareola.
tanus glareoloides Hodgs.

T fuscus. Add: Gray, Ill. Ind. Zool. pl. 53. f. 1, 2.

T. chloropygius. Separate T. macropterus Spix, Av. Bras.
t. 92., and add it to T. flavipes.

T. melanoleucus. Add: Totanus solitarius Viei//.

T. campestris synonymous with Tringoides Bartramius.
Hartl.

T. nigellus, synonymous with Calidris arenaria. Hartl.

T. melanopygius, synonymous with Tringoides Bartramius.
Hartl.
Refer to:

T. griseopygius Gould, B. of Austr. pl. 38.

T. nivigula Hodgs. List. Rep. B. App. p. 156.

Tringoides Bartramius,
melanopygius Vieill.
Refer to:

T. empusa Gould, B. of Austr. pl. 35.; perhaps the same
as Tringa pacifica Lath. ?

Recurvirostra avocetta.

Himantopus candidus.
Add after Brehm : Isis, 1843. p. 723.
Add: Tringa subruficollis Viei//. Azara

H. melanurus.

Tringa rufescens.

No. 403.
T. leucoptera. Add: Ellis, Icon. ined. 65.
T. Schinzii. Add: Tringa Bonapartei Sch/leg.

T. pectoralis. Separate Tringa campestris Licht. ; T. fus-
cicollis Vieil/. Azara, No. 404., as Dr. Hartlaub considers them
the same as T. minutilla.

Add: B. of Austr. pl. 30.

T. albescens. Add: B. of Austr. pl. 31. |

T. minutilla. Add: Pelidna Brissoni Less. ; Tringa cam-
pestris Licht. ; T. fuscicollis Vieill. Azara, No. 404.

T. australis.

Add: Gray, Ill. Ind. Zool. pl. 51. f.2.; To- |

Add: Totanus campestris et T. |

Add: Recurvirostra europea Dum, |
Add: Hypsibates europeus Landb.

6

580.

. subarquata. Add: B, of Austr, pl. 82.
. atricapilla, synonymous with Rhynchea semicollaris.
. campestris, synonymous with Numenius borealis.

T. subruficollis, synonymous with T, rufescens.
Refer to:

? 'T. acuminata (Horsf.) Linn, Trans. xiii. p. 192.

? 'T. tenuirostris (Horsf.) Linn. Trans, xiii. p. 192.

? T. damacensis (Horsf.) Linn, Trans. xiii. p. 192.

T. oahuensis Blox. Byron’s Voy. App. p.

T. magna Gould, Proc. Z. 8. 1848. p. 39., B. of Austr.
pl. 33.

Heteropoda semipalmata. Add: Tringa pusilla Viei//.

Calidris arenaria. Add: Totanus nigellus Viei/l. Azara,
No. 402.

Macrorhamphus griseus.
Vieill.

Gallinago media. Add: Scolopax peregrina Brehm; 5S.
pygmea et S. Lamotti Baill.

G. Brehmi. Type of Pelorychus Kaup (1829).

G. australis. Add: B. of Austr. pl. 40.

G. nemoricola, Add: Nemoricola nipalensis Hodgs.

G. paraguaie. Separate as a species.

G. frenatus (1ll.) Licht. Cat. Dupl. Berl. Mus. p. 75.,
Azara, No. 388.
G. saturata,

Refer to :
G. nigripennis Pr, Bonap. Fauna Ital. p.

Add: otanus ferrugineicollis

Add: Rusticula javanica Less.

G. equatorialis Riipp. Syst. Uebers. &c. p. 123.

G. Bernieri Pucher. Rev. Zool. 1845. p. 279. ; Scolopax
macrodactylos Pr. Bonap. Fauna Ital. p.

G. mauritiana Dej. Proc. Z. 8. 1831. p. 45.

G. hiemalis Eversm., Reichenb. Av. Icon. t.

Scolopax rusticola.

Philohela minor.

Rhynchea chinensis.
Add:

Add: Rusticola europea Less.
Add: Microptera americana Audub.
Add: Rhyncheea variabilis Cuv.
R. semicollaris. Tringa atricapilla Vieill. Azara,
No. 406.

Parra jacana. Add: Azara, No. 384, 385.

Add: Parra cuprea Vahl; P. arata Tick.

Hydrophasianus sinensis. Add: Gray, Ill. Ind. Zool. pl.
Soe

Palamedea cornuta. Add: Palamedea bispinosa Humb.

Chauna chavaria. Add: Azara, No. 341.

Rallus virginianus. Separate as,

R. rythirhynchus Vieill. Azara, 372.

R. Lewinii. Add: B. of Austr. pl. 77.

P. indica.

R. madagascariensis. For A. Smith read Verr. Add:
O Des Murs, Iconogr. Ornith. t. 24.

R. pacificus. Add: Rallus varians Steph.

R. pectoralis. Add: B of Austr. pl. 76.

Refer to R. concolor Gosse, B. of Jam. p. ory NE Es

of Jam, pl. 102.

ARAMUS Vieill.*

Bill much longer than the head, straight and compressed ;
with the culmen straight, but curved and entire at the tip; the
gonys long and ascending ; the nostrils pierced near the middle
of the lateral groove, with the opening linear and exposed.

* Established by Vieillot in 1816. (Analyse, p. 58.) No-
therodius of Wagler (1827).

Insert :

APPENDIX. 27

Page

594.

595.

596.

598.

599.

600.

603.
604.

605.

Wings moderate, with the first two quills graduated, and the
third the longest. ail short and rounded. Tibi@ naked for
some distance above the knee. Tarsi longer than the middle
toe, rather slender, and covered with transverse scales. Toes
long and slender, and the fore toes entirely divided at their
base ; the outer toe longer than the inner; the hind toe half
the length of the inner, and partly resting on the ground.

The typical species of this genus is found in the tropical |

parts of America, and the West Indies; where it chiefly
lives on the arid plains, carefully concealing itself in the herbage,
amongst which it walks with great agility, and is sometimes
observed perched on the high trees. If disturbed, it commences
moving its tail with rapidity, and then starts suddenly to a great
elevation in the air. Its food consists principally of frogs and
insects. The nest is formed on the ground,among the herbage.
A. scolopaceus (Gmel.) PI. enl. 848.— Aramus carua Vieill. ;
Rallus guarauna J/l.; R. gigas Licht; R. ardeoides Spia,
Av. Bras. t. 91.; R. giganteus Pr. Bonap. Amer. Orn. pl. 26.
f. 2.; Notherodius guarauna Wagl. Azara, No. 366.
Ortygometra fuminea. Add: B, of Austr, pl. 79.
Add: B. of Austr. pl. 80.
Add: Pr. Bonap. Am. Orn. pl. 27. f.

O. palustris.

O. noveboracensis.
ae

Refer to O. ——.— Rallus minutus var. Lath. Gosse, B.
of Jam. p. 372.

Aramides immaculatus. Read: A. nigricans (Vieill.).—
Rallus immaculatus Licht. &c.

Refer to:

Eulabeornis? abyssinica. Add: Rallus Rougettii Guer.

Corethrura olivacea. Add: Rallus bicolor Blackw.

C. ecaudata. Add: Rallus poliotis Temm.?

C. quadristrigata. Add: Rallus 4-striatus Licht.

C. tabuensis. Add: B. of Austr. pl. 82.

Refer to C. leucophrys Gould, B. of Austr. pl. 81.

Ocydromus brachypterus, a variety of O. australis.
Add as a species :

O. fuscus (Dubus), Esquis. Ornith. t. 11.

Porphyrio madagascariensis is probably the same as P.
veterum. Add: Porphyrio erythropus Steph.; Fulica por-

phyrio Forst.

P. melanotus. Add: B. of Austr pl. 69.

P. mortinicus. Add: Porphyrio americanus Swains.

Tribonyx Mortieri. Add: Dubus, Esquis. Ornith. t. 5.,
Gould, B. of Austr. pl. 71.

T. ventralis. Add: Gould, B. of Austr. pl. 72.

Gallinula crassirostris. Add: Type of Porphyriops Pucher.
(1845).

Add as species :

G. tenebrosa Gould, Proc. Z. S. 1846. p., B. of Austr. pl.

G. kioloides Pucher. Rev. Zool. 1845. p. 279.

G. nigra (Gmel.). —Rallus ethiops Forst. Icon. ined. 132.;
R. carinatus et Gallinula flavirostris Swains. B. of W. Afr.
ii. pl. 28.

Fulica. Add a new species, as:

F. australis Gould, Proc. Z.S. 1845. p.2., B. of Austr. pl. 74.

Phenicopterus ignicapillus. Add: Azara, No. 346.

Anseranas melanoleuca. Add: B. of Austr. pl. 2.

Plectropterus gambensis. Add: Mus. Senck. iii. t. 1.

Sarkidiornis regia. Add: Azara, No. 428.; Anas carun-
culata Z7//.

? §. sébilatriz, synonymous with Mareca chiloensis.

Chenalopex egyptiacus. Add: Gould, B. of Eur. pl.
353.

C. montanus.
ined. 69, 70.

C. jubatus. Add: Knowsl. Menagr. pl. 15.; Type of
Chenonetta Brandt (1836).

C. lophotus (Brandt).

Cereopsis nove hollandie. Add: B. of Austr. pl. 1.
Add: B. of Eur. pl. 348.
Add: B. of Eur. pl. 349., Audub, B. of

Add: Forst. Descr. Anim. p. 44., Icon.

Anser segetum.

A. erythropus.
Amer. pl. 286.

A. Bruchii.
brevirostris.

Separate Anas medius Temm. and add to A.

A. brevirostris, Add: Anas Temminckii Boie.

A. hyperboreus. Add: Gould, B. of Eur. pl. 346., Audub.
B. of Amer. pl. 381.

Bernicla Brenta. Add: Gould, B. of Eur. pl. 352., Au-
dub. B. of Amer. pl. 391.

B. leucopsis. Add: Gould, B. of Eur. pl. 350., Audub.
B. of Amer. pl. 296.

B. inornata. Erase Anas cana Gmel.
and Terr. Birds, pl. 24

B. ruficollis. Add: Gould, B. of Eur. pl. 351.

B. anticola, &c., are synonymous with B. melanoptera.
Add: Audub. B. of Amer, pl. 201.
Add: Audub. B. of Amer. pl. 277.

Add: Voy. Ereb,

B. canadensis.

B. Hutchinsii.
Add as a species:

B. cyanoptera Riipp. Syst. Uebers. Vog. Nord-Ost Afr.
t. 47.

Refer to B. nigricans Lawr. Lye. New York, 1847. p. 171.
pl. :
Nettapus coromandelicus. Add: Nettapus bicolor Less.
Cygnus o/o7. Add: Gould, B. of Eur. pl. 354.

C. nigricollis. Add: Azara, No. 425.

C. ferus. Add: Gould, B. of Eur. pl.

C. minor. Add: Gould, B. of Eur. pl.

3. coscoroba. Add: Cygnus hyperboreus D’Orb. ; Anser
candidus Vieill, Azara, No. 4206.

Add: B. of Austr. pl. 6.

Dendrocygna arcuata. Add: B. of Austr. pl. 14.

Add: Jerd. Ill. Ind. Orn. pl. 23.

Add: Gould, B. of Austr. pl. 8.

Casarca tadornoides. Add: Gould, B. of Austr. pl. 7.

C. variegata. Add: Voy. Ereb. and Terr. Birds, pl.

Add as a species: C. cana (Gmel.).

Mareca chiloensis. Add: Anas sibilatrix Popp.; An.
parvirostris Vieill. Azara, No. 432.

Add: Anas punctata Cuv. Gould, B. of

C. atratus.

D. major.
Tadorna radjah.

M. castanea.
Austr. pl. 11.

Dafila bahamensis. Add: Anas fimbriata Merr.; An.
rubrirostris Vieill. Azara, No. 433.

D.? ecucullata, a hybrid, and figured by Naumann as the
frontispiece of his 12th vol. of Vég. Deut.

Anas Boschas. Add: Gould, B. of Eur. pl. 361., Audub.
B. of Amer. pl. 221.— A. purpureo-viridis Schinz., A.
Breweri Audub., Anas bimaculata Audub. B. of Amer.
pl. 338., and Anas maxima Gosse, B. of Jam. p. 399., Ill. B.
of Jam. pl. 110., are hybrids.

A. superciliosa, Add: Gould, B, of Austr. pl. 9.

Oli

618.

622.

APPENDIX.

A. obscura. Add: Audub. B. of Amer. pl. 802.

A. luzonica. Add: Fras. Zool. Typ. pl.

A. sparsa. Add: An. leucostigma Riipp. Syst. Uebers.
Vig. &e. t. 48.

A. caryophyllacea, Add: Jerd. Il. Ind. Orn. pl. 34.

A. capensis. Add: Anas guttata Licht.

A. pesosaca is synonymous with Fuligula metopias.

A. erythrorhyncha, Add: Smith, Ill. 8. Afr. Zool. Birds, |
pl. 104.

A. rubrirostris is synonymous with Dafila bahamensis.

A. bicolor, Add: Anas collaris Merr.

A. melanocephala. Add: Anas atricapilla Merr.

Add: Anas Azare Merr,
oxyura is synonymous with Erismatura spinicauda.
Refer to:
A. chlorolis G. R. Gray, Voy. Ereb. and Terr. Birds, pl. 20.
A. pileata Licht. Berl. Verz. 1842. p. 20.
Querquedula erecea. Add: Gould, B. of Eur. pl. 362.
Add: Audub, B. of Amer, pl. 228.
Add: Gould, B. of Eur, pl. 363.
Add: Anas notata J/l.; Anas brasiliensis

« favirostris.

(). carolinensis.
Q). bimaculata
Q. Ipecuturi.
Pr. Maz.
Q. torquata.
Add as a species :
Q. angustirostris (Ménétr.) Pr. Bonap. Fauna Ital. t.
— Anas marmorata Temm. Gould, B. of Eur. pl. 373.
Add: Gould, B. of Eur. pl. 364.
P. maculirostris. Add: Anas muralis Merr.
Refer to : ? P. inornata Gosse, B. of Jam. p. 402.
Chaulelasmus stvepera. Add: Gould, B. of Eur. pl. 366.,
Audub. B. of Amer. pl. 346.
Add: Gould, B. of Eur. pl. 360., Audub.

Add: Anas rhodopus Merr.

Pterocyanea circia.

Spatula clypeata.
B. of Amer. pl. 327.
S. rhynchotis. Add: Gould, B. of Austr. pl. 12.
Add: S. platalea (Vieill.) Azara, No. 431.

Malacorhynchus membranaceus. Add:
jodotis Less. Gould, B. of Austr. pl. 13.

Branta rufina. Add: Gould, B. of Eur. pl. 369.

Fuligula cristata. Add: Gould, B. of Eur. pl. 370.

F. Add: Audub. B. of Amer. pl. 234.

F. Add: Gould, B. of Eur. pl. 371.

F. Add: Audub. B. of Amer. pl. 229.

F. Add: Voy. Ereb. and Terr. Birds,
pl. 18.

F. metopias.
Pepp. &c.
No. 433.

Nyroca ferina.

N. americana.

Malacorhynchus

collaris.
marila.
mariloides.

nove zealandie.

Read : F. pesosaca (Vieill.)— Anas metopias,
And add: Anas albipennis Licht.

Add: Gould, B. of Eur. pl. 367.

Add: Audub. B. of Amer. pl. 322.

N. valisneria. Add: Audub. B. of Amer. pl. 301.

N. leucophthalma. Add: Gould, B. of Eur. pl. 368.

N. australis. Add: B. of Austr. pl. 16.

Refer to N. ferinoides Bartl. Proc. Z. S. 1847. p. 48., a hybrid.

Clangula glaucion. Add: Gould, B. of Eur. pl. 379.

C. americana. Add: Audub. B. of Amer. pl. 342.
C. islandica.

B. of Eur. pl. 380., Audub. B. of Amer. pl. 403.
C. histrionica.

Phlyaconetta Brandt (1847).
C. albeola. Add: Audub. B. of Amer. pl. 325.

Azara, |

Add: Reinh. Grénland. Fauna, t. 3., Gould, |

| Page

628.

624.

625.

626.
627.

628.

620.

| 633.

Add: Gould, B. of Eur. pl. 381.; Type of |

Harelda glacialis. Add:
Audub. B. of Amer. pl. $12.

Camptolaimus labradorus.
pl. 332.

Micropterus cinereus. Add: Anas pteneros before Morst.

Eniconetta Stelleri. Add: Jard. & Selby, Ill, Orn. pl. 136.,
Gould, B. of Eur. pl. 372., Audub. B. of Amer. pl. 417.

Somateria mollissima. Add: Gould, B. of Eur. pl. 374.,
Audub, B. of Amer. pl. 246.

S. spectabilis. Add: Gould, B. of Eur. pl 375., Audub.
B. of Amer. pl. 276.

Refer to S. Fischeri Brandt, Nov. Av. Rossic. sp. p. 10.
t. .; Type of Lampronetta Brandt (1847).

Add: Gould. B. of Eur. pl. 378.

O. americana. Add: Audub. B. of Amer, pl. 408.

O. fusca. Add: Gould, B. of Eur. pl. 377., Audub. B.
of Amer. pl. 247.

O. perspicillata. Add: Jard. & Selby, Ill, Orn, pl. 135.,
Gould, B. of Eur. pl. 376., Audub. B. of Amer. pl. 317.
Add: Anas brevipennis Licht.
For 68. read 406. Add: Gould, B. of

Gould, B. of Eur. pl. 382.,

Add: Audub. B. of Amer.

Oidemia nigra.

Thalassiornis /ewconotus.

Biziura lobata.
Austr. pl. 18.

Erismatura leucocephala. Add: Gould, B. of Eur. pl. 383.

E. rubida. Add: Audub. B. of Amer. pl. 343.

E. ferruginea. Add: Anas eyanorhyncha Licht.

E. maccao. Add: Ill. Zool. 8. Afr. pl. 108, 109.

E. australis. Add: Gould, B. of Austr. Plait

Es. spinicauda. Add: Nova Acta, xvi. Suppl. t. 22.

Refer to ?E. ortygoides Gosse, B. of Jam. p. 406., Ill. B.
of Jam. pl. 113.

Nesonetta aucklandica. Erase Mergus australis,
and add: Voy. Ereb. and Terr. Birds, pl. 17.

Merganetta armata. Refer to M. chilensis O Des Murs,
Rev. Zool. 1845. p. 179., Iconogr. Ornith. t. 548. ; M. colum-
biana O' Des 'Murs, Rev. Zool. 1845. p. 179., Iconogr.
Ornith. t. 6. ; M. leucogenys T'schudi, Fauna Per. t. 36.

Mergus castor. Add: Gould, B. of Eur. pl. 384., Audub,
B. of Amer. pl. 331.

M. servator. Add: Gould, B. of Eur. pl. 385., Audub.
B. of Amer. pl. 401.

M. cucullatus. Add: Wils. Amer. Orn. pl. 69. f. 1.,
Gould, B. of Eur. pl. 386., Audub. B. of Amer. pl. 232,
Separate Mergus fuscus, &c., into a species.

M. brasiliensis. Refer to Mergus octosetelus Vieill.
N. Dict. d’Hist. Nat. xiv. p. 222., Encyc. Méth. pl. 236. f. 3.
Refer to:

M. fuscus Lath. Licht. Cat. Dupl. Berl. Mus. sp. 901.

M. orientalis Gould, Proc. Z. 8. 1845. p. 1.

M. australis Homb. & Jacq. Ann. des Sci. Nat. xv. p. 320.,
Voy. au Pole Sud, Ois. t. 31. f. 2.

Mergellus albellus. For 91. f. 9. read 71. f. 4.; and add:
Gould, B. of Eur. pl, 387., Audub. B. of Amer. pl. 347.

Podiceps cornutus. Add: Podiceps ambiguus Less.

Add: Gould, B. of Austr. pl. 82.

Add: Spix, Av. Bras. t. 101.

&e. ;

P. poliocephalus.

P. dominicus.
Refer to:

P. longicollis Pr. Bonap. Introd. Fauna Ital. p.

? P. albicollis Less. Tr. d’Orn. p, 594.

P. arcticus Boie, Reise Norwegen, p. 97., Naum. Vog.
Deut. rx. t. 245.

APPENDIX.

29

Page
634. Podica. Add as a species: P. personata G. R. Gray, Proc.

Zool. S. 1848. p.__. pl.

641. Eudyptes chrysocome. Add: Gould, B. of Austr. pl.
646. Pelecanoides urinatrix. Add: Gould, B. of Austr. pl. 60.
647. Puffinus major. Refer to Gould, B. of Eur. pl. 445.,

Audub. B. of Amer. pl. 283.

P. assimilis. Add: Gould, B. of Austr. pl. 59.

P. chlororhynchus. Add: Gould, B. of Austr. pl. 58.

P. carnipes. Add: Gould, B. of Austr. pl. 57.

P. anglorum. Add: Gould, B. of Eur. pl. 443., Audub.
B. of Amer. pl. 295.

P. obseurus. Add: Gould, B. of Eur. pl. 444, Audub.
B. of Amer. pl. 299.

P. q@quinoctialis,s Add: Gould, B. of Austr. pl. 46.
Erase Proc. atlantica Gould; and add: Proc. nigra Forst.
Descr. p. 26.

Add as a species: P. brevicaudus Brandt, Gould, B. of
Austr. pl. 56.

Thalassidroma pelagica. Add: Gould, B. of Eur. pl. 447.
f. 2., Audub. B. of Amer. pl. 311.

Th. melitensis is synonymous with P. pelagica.

Th. oceanea. Add: Audub. B. of Austr. pl. 270., Gould,
B. of Austr. pl. 65.; Type of Oceanites Keys. § Bl. (1840).

Th. Leachii. Add: Gould, B. of Eur. pl. 447. f. 1.,
Audub. B. of Amer. pl. 260.

Th. fregetta. Add after Gould: B. of Austr. pl. 65.

Th. grallaria. Add after Gould: B. of Austr. pl. 62.

Th. nereis. Add: B. of Austr. pl. 64.

Th. marina. Add: B. of Austr. pl. 61.

Th. Bulweri. Add: Gould, B. of Eur. pl. 448.

Procellaria gigantea. Add: B. of Austr. pl. 45.; Procel-
laria ossifraga Forst. Icon. ined. 93. a.

Add: Gould, B. of Eur. pl. 446.

P. glacialoides. Add: B. of Austr. pl 48.

P. melanopus. Add: B. of Austr. pl. 50.

P. leucoptera, synonymous with P. Cookii.

P. desolata. Add: Ellis, Icon. ined. 45.

P. hesitata. Add: B. of Austr. pl 47.

P. Lessonii. Add: B. of Austr. pl. 49.

P. antarctica. Add: Voy. Ereb. and Terr. Zool. pl. 33.

648.

P. glacialis.

P. fuliginosu. Add: Proc. atlantica Gould, Forst. Icon.
ined. 93. b.
P, nivea. Add: Voy. Ereb. and Terr. Zool. pl. 34.

P. Cookii. Add: Voy. Ereb. and Terr. Zool. pl. 35. ; Proc.
leucoptera Gould, B. of Austr. pl. 51.

P. turtur. Add: Gould, B. of Austr. pl. 54.

P. caerulea. For Banks's read Forst. Add: Proc. similis
Ferst. Gould, B. of Austr. pl. 52.

P. capensis. Add: Forst. Icon. ined. 96., Gould, B. of
Austr. pl. 53.

Refer to P. meridionalis Lawr. Journ. Acad. Philad. 1848.

p. 475. pl. 15. ; Proc. brevirostris Lawr.

649. Prion vittata. Add: Gould, B. of Austr. pl. 55. ; Proc.
Forsteri Lath. ; Proc. latirostris Bonn.
Add as a species: P. ariel Gould, Ann. Mag. of Nat. Hist.
xiii. p. 366.
650. Diomedea exulans. Add: Diomedea albatrus Forst. Icon.
ined. 99.
D. melanophrys, Add: Gould, B. of Austr. pl. 43.
D. cauta. Add: Gould, B. of Austr. pl. 40.

Page -
Add: Gould, B. of Austr. pl. 42.; bu
probably D. profuga and D. chrysostoma, &c., belong to D

culminata.

D. chlororhyncha.

D. culminata.
D. fuliginosa.
D. brachyura.

Add: B. of Austr. pl. 41.
Add: Gould, B. of Austr. pl. 44.
Add: Gould, B. of Austr. pl. 39.
Add: B. of Austr. pl. 21.
Add: Don. Nat. Rep. pl. 68.
Add: L. arcticus to the next species.
dominicanus. Add: Larus littoreus Forst.
pacificus. Add: Gould, B. of Austr. pl. 19.
nove hollandie. Add: Gould, B. of Austr. pl. 20.
pygmeus is synonymous with L. minutus.
ridibundus. Add: Pr. Bonap. Fauna Ital. t.
Add: Larus plumbiceps Pr. Bonap.
Add: Fauna Per. t. 35., Zool. Typ. pl.
Add: Pr. Bonap. Fauna Ital. t.
nigrotis. Add: Larus melanotis Reich. Syst. Av. Icon.
Col. t. Ixiv. f. 973, 974.
Refer to:
L brachytarsus Hollbéll, Kroyer’s Tidskr. iv. p. 361.
L. giganteus Temm. Neue Annal. 1812. p.

Stercorarius catarrhactes.
Larus glaucus.
leucopterus.

gelastes.
modestus.
minutus.

sal Seidel seats I SB al said so sy

655. 2 Xema —. Read: X. furcata Voy. de la Vénus,
t. 10.

Rissa tridactyla. Add: Larus riga Less. Erase 253.
Perhaps Audub. B. of Amer. pl. 224. belongs to the next
species.

656 Rhynchops nigra. Add: Azara, No. 408., Audub. B. of
Amer. pl. 262.

R. albicollis should have before it R. flavirostris Vieill. Gal.
des Ois. t. 291. — Rhynchops albicollis Swains. &c.

R. albirostris. Erase R. flavirostris Vieil/. Gal. des Ois. t.
291.

658. Sterna caspia. Add: Deser. de ’Egypt. Ois. t 9. f. 1.

S. pelecanoides. Add: Gould, B. of Amer. pl. 23.; Sterna
poliocerca Gould is considered by Mr. Gould to be a distinct
species, see B. of Austr. pl. 24.

Add: Sterna rissa Mill.

Add: Audub. B. of Amer. pl. 273.
. aurantia, &e., are synonymous with S. seena.
Add: Descr. de l’Egypt, Ois. t. 9. f. 2.

S. fuliginosa. Add: Gould, B. of Austr. pl. 32.; Sterna
Gouldii Reichenb. To Sterna panayensis add: Gould, B. of
Austr. pl. 33., perhaps this is a distinct species.

S. (cendre), &c. Remove to Anoiis.

S. Torresii. Add: Gould, B. of Austr. pl. 25.

S exilis is synonymous with 8. acutirostris.

Erase Douglasi,

‘

S. velox.
S. cayanensis.

S. anglica.

S. paradisea. and place Mont. after
Dougallii.

S. melanauchen. Add: Gould, B. of Austr. pl. 28.

S. superciliaris is synonymous with 8S. aryentea.

S. maculata is synonymous with 8S. argentea. Hart.

S. chloripoda is synonymous with Phetusa magnirostris.
Hartl.
Add as species :

S. strenua Gould, Proc. Z. S. 1846. p. , B. of Austr, pl.
22.

S. acuflavida Cabot, Proc. Bost. Soc, 1847. p. 257.

Hydrochelidon hybrida. Add: Sterna Delamottii Vieill.

Erase PI. enl. 333.

660.
H. nigra.
h

30

Page
H. fissipes. For 924. read 3338.
H. melanogaster. PI. enl. read Pl. col.
H. fluviatilis. Add: Gould, B. of Austr. pl. 31.
» Phetusa magnirostris. Add: Sterna chloripoda Vieill. &c.
Add: Gould, B. of Austr, pl. 30.
Anoiis stolida. Add: B. of Austr. pl. 34.
Add: ‘Type of Nenia Boie (1844).
A. tereticollis. Add: B. of Austr. pl. 87., Voy. of Sulph.
pl., Voy. de la Vénus, Ois. pl. 9.
Refer to:
A. melanops Gould, B. of Austr. pl. 36.
A. leucocapillus Gould, B. of Austr. pl.
A. parvulus Gould, Proc. Z. 8. 1845. p. 104.
Phaeton rubricauda. Add: B. of Austr. pl. 73
Sula bassana. Add: Sula americana Pr. Bonap. Gould, B.

Gygis candida.
601.

A. inea,

668.
666.

of Eur. pl. 412., Audub, B. of Amer. pl. 326.
Add. B of Austr. pl. 79.
S. cyanops. Add: Ellis, Icon. ined. 47.; Sula personata
Gould, B. of Austr. pl. 77.
S. serrator Banks, Icon. ined. 30., Forst. Icon. ined. 107.
— Sula australia Gould, B. of Austr. pl. 76.
S. fusca. Add: Audub. B. of Amer. pl. 207.,
of Eur. pl. 78.
S. parva. Alter to
parvus Gmel. Pl. enl. 97
S. plotus, &e,, is synonymous with S, fusca.

S. piscator. |

But separate into a species: |
|

yould, B.

S. /eucogastra (Bodd.),— Pelecanus
3. |

Page
g

| 667.

668.

669.

APPENDIX.

8. variegata is synonymous with S. leucophea.
Graculus urile. Add: Zool. Sulph. Birds, pl.
Separate as :
G. bicristatus (Pall.) Zoogr. t. 75. f. 2.—Pelecanus perspi-
cillatus Pall,
G.
G.
G.
G.
G.. brasiliensis.
Amer. pl. 252.

G. africanus.

carbo. Add: Gould, B. of Eur. pl. 407.
Add: Gould, B, of Eur. pl. 408.
Add: Gould, B, of Eur. pl. 410.

Add: B. of Austr. pl. 67.

Add: Azara, No. 423., Audub. B. of

Linnei.
cristatus.
sulcirostris.

Add: Descr. de l’Egypte, Ois. t. 8. f. 2.
Add as distinet species :
G. lugubris Riipp. Syst. Uebers. Vig. Nord-Ost Afr. t. 50.
G. chalconotus G. R. Gray, Voy. Ereb. and Terr. Birds, pl.
21.*; Carbo auritus Less, ?
Pelecanus onocrotalus. Add: Gould, B. of Eur. pl. 405.
P. crispus. Add: Gould, B. of Eur. pl. 406., Brandt,
Icon. Av. Ross Aves, t. 6.
Add: Gould, B. of Austr. pl. 74.
P. minor. Add: Syst. Uebers. Vég. Nord-Ost Afr. t. 49.
Refer to P. pheospilus Wagl. Isis, 1832. p. 1233.
Add: Audub. B. of Amer. pl. 271., Azara

P. conspicillatus.

Atagen aquila.
No, 422.
A. ariel.

Add: B. of Austr. pl. 72.

Page
4,

12.
1G

21.

34.
35.

37.

38.

39.

40.

58.
62.

71.

83.

30 a

SUPPLEMENTARY

Cathartes aura. Add: Cathartes ruficollis Spiz, Av. Bras.
1. p. 2., Catesby, Carol. pl. 6.

(App. 1.) Circaetus Tsidori. Add: O Des Murs, Iconogr.
Ornith. t. 1. (probably a Spizaetus.)

Buteo erythronotus. Add: Falco polysoma Quoy & Gaim.

Haliaetus vocifer. Add: O Des Murs, Iconogr. Ornith.
t. 8.

Tinnunculus gracilis.
t. 25.

Athene noctua. Add: Strix persica Vieill. Pucher.

A. Sonneratii. Read: A. superciliaris (Vieill.) N. Dict.
d’Hist. Nat. vii. p. 33.—Strix Sonneratii Temm. Pl. col. 21.
Pucher.

A. Maugei. Read: A. fusca (Vieill.) N. Dict. d’Hist.
vii. p- 22. — Strix Maugei Temm. Pl. col. 46. Pucher.

A. frontata is synonymous with A. connivens.

Refer to A. ?—Strix melanotus Pucher.
Mag. Zool. 1849. p. 28.

Bubo sultaneus is synonymous with B. lacteus. Pucher.

Ephialtes portoricensis, Add: O Des Murs, Iconogr.
Ornith. t. 26.

E. cristata.
Refer to:

E. rutila Pucher. Rev. et Mag. Zool. 1849. p. 29.

E. sagittata Cass. Proc. Acad. Philad. 1848. p. 121.

E. Watsonii Cass. Proc. Acad. Philad. 1848. p. 123.
Syrnium. Add as species:

S. albogularis Cass. Proc. Acad. Philad. 1848. p. 124.

S. virgatum Cass. Proc. Acad. Philad. 1848. p. 124.

S. faciatum (O Des Murs), Iconogr. Ornith. t. 37.

Otus stygius is a variety of Otus vulgaris ; Pucher.
Nyctale. Add as a species :

N. Harrisii Cass. Proc. Acad. Philad. 1848. p. 157.
Cypselus. Add as a species:

C. subfurcatus Blyth, Journ. A. S. Beng. xviii. p. .;
Cypselus affinis var. Stricki.

Acanthylis. Add as a species:

A. leucopygialis Blyth, Journ. A. S. Beng. xviii. p.
Hirundo. Add as a@ species:

H. albigularis Strickl, Jard. Contr. Ornith. 1849. pl.
Add: O Des Murs, Iconogr. Ornith.

Add: O Des Murs, Iconogr. Ornith.

Rev. et

Add: Jard. Contr. Ornith. 1848. pl. var.

Coracias caudata.
t. 28;

Calurus resplendens.
this species was described, about 1801, by Pedro de la Llave
in the ‘* Registro trimestre,” published at Mexico under the
name of Pharomachrus mocinno.

(App. 5.) Galbaleyorhynchus Jeucotis. Add:
cyonides leucotis O Des Murs, Iconogr. Ornith. t. 17.; Type

Jacamaral-

Dr. Hartlaub has informed me that |

Page

86.

96.

103.

104.

119.

136.

. Sylvia.

. Copsychus.

APPENDIX.

of Galbaleyorhynchus O Des Murs (1845).
changed this name to Jacamaralcyonides.
(App. 5.) Merops Lefeburii. Add: O Des Murs, Iconogr,
Ornith. t. 34.
M. nubicoides. Add: O Des Murs, Iconogr. Ornith. t. 35.
Drepanis. Refer to:
D. olivascens Vieill. Ois. dor. t. (Prom.) 5.
Refer to, as belonging to the family Trochilide :
Trochilus cephalus Bourc. & Muls. Rev. Zool. 1848. p. 269.
. Castelnauii Boure. & Muls. Rey. Zool. 1848. p.
. Pucherani Boure. & Muls. Rev. Zool. 1848. p.
. Josephine Boure. & Muls. Rev. Zool. 1848. p.
. Devillei Boure. & Muls. Rev. Zool. 1848. p.
- Pheton Boure. & Muls. Rev. Zool. 1848. p.
- Amaryllis Boure. & Muls. Rev. Zool. 1848. p.
. Eucharis Boure. & Muls. Rey. Zool. 1848. p.
. Alice Boure. & Muls. Rev. Zool. 1848. p.
. Maria Hill, Ann. Nat. Hist. 1849. p. 258., Gosse, Ilustr-
B. of Jam. pl. 22.

He has since

Pel tel teh te] Tol teh ie} | |

Phetornis. Add as a species:
Ps ?— Trochilus brasiliensis Temm. Pl. col. 120.
f,2. This is Phetornis eremita Gould.
Glyciphila. Refer to:
G.? fusca (Gmel.). Vieill. Ois. dor. t. 65.
Synallaxis. Refer to:
s. . — Sylviorthorhynchus maluroides O Des Murs,

Iconogr. Ornith. t. 45.; Schizura maluroides Cab. ; Type of
Sylviorthorhynchus O Des Murs (1848); Schizura Cab.
(1848) is synonymous.
(App. 6.) Diglossa brunneiventris.
Iconogr. Ornith. t. 43.
Anabates erythrophthalmus.
Ornith. t. 44.

Add: O Des Murs,

Add: O Des Murs, Iconogr.

. Picolaptes. Refer to:
P. albolineatus (Lafr.) Rev. Zool. 1846. p. 208.
Drymoica mentalis. Add: Jard. Contr. Ornith. 1849. pl.

Refer to:
D. erythroptera Jard. Contr. Ornith. 1849. pl.
D.? brachyura (Vieill.) Levaill. Ois. d’Afr. t. 125, — Phyl-
lopneuste chloris Boie.
D.? rufescens (Vieill.) Levaill. Ois. d’Afr. t. 135.—Syl-
vietta crombee Lafr.; Type of Sylvietta Lafr. (1839).
Cinclorhamphus ? sylvanus. Add: Jard. Contr. Ornith.
1848. pl.
Add as a species :
S. maculata (Gmel.) Lath. Pl. enl. 654. f. 2.
Add as a species :
C. pectoralis (Steph.) Levaill. Ois. d’Afr. t. 110.

[h]

30 b

Page
181.

187.

192.

218.
219.

249.

}. Mniotilta.

. Zosterops.

. Bessonornis.
. Cinclosoma.

. Timalia.

. Criniger.

. Elania.

SUPPLEMENTARY

APPENDIX.

Nemura. Add as a species: >
N. cyanura (Pall.) Fauna Jap, t. 21.
Accentor. Add as a species:
A, rubidus Temm. & Schl. Fauna Jap, t. 32.
Parus. Add the following species :
P. minor Temm. & Schl. Fauna Jap. t. 33.
P. trivirgatus Temm. & Schl. Fauna Jap. t. 34.
P. varius Temm. & Schl. Fauna Jap. t. 35.

P. ferrugineus Lundahl, Not. Sallsk. pro Fauna & Flora |

Fennica, 1848. t. 1. f. 1.

P. lapponicus vy. Wright. — Parus sibiricus Vils.
Sallsk., &c., 1848. t. 1. f. 2

P. monachus. — Sylvia atricapilla Vieill. Levaill. Ois. d’Afr.
t. 140.

Not.

Add as a species :
M.? grisea (Gmel.) Pl. enl. 714. f. 1.
Add as a species :
Z. japonicus Temm. & Schl. Fauna Jap, t. 22
Add: Fauna Jap. t. 25.
Add: Fauna Jap. t. 24.
Add: Fauna Jap. t. 23.
Add as a species: P. rufigula (Bodd.) PI.
enl. 644. f. 2. — Turdus pectoralis Gmel.
Add: O Des Murs, Iconogr. Ornith. t.

Motacilla /ugubris.
Anthus pratensis.

A, arboreus.
Formicivora.

Pitta angolensis.
46.

Refer to P. nympha Temm. & Schl. Fauna Jap. t. Suppl.
A.

Turdus pallidus.

T. sibiricus.

T. cardis.

Add: Fauna Jap. t. 27.

Add: Fauna Jap. t. 31.

Add: Fauna Jap. t. 29, 30.
T. chrysolaus. Add: Fauna Jap. t. 28.
T. Daulias. Add: Fauna Jap. t. 26.
Add as other species :
T. guianensis Linn. Pl. enl. 398. f. 1.
T.? cayanensis Gmel. Pl. enl. 454.
Add as a species :
B. auraticollis (Vieill.) Levaill.Ois. d’Afr. t. 119.
Add as a species :
castaneothorax Gould, Proc. Z. 8. 1848. p.
Add as species :

T. leucotis Strickl. Jard. Contr. Ornith. 1848. pl.

T. poliocephala Temm. Pl. col. 523. f. 2.

Pomatorhinus Horsfieldii. Add: O Des Murs,
Ornith, t. 22.

Refer to, as probably species of this genus :

C.? pyrrhopyga ( Less.) Rev. Zool. 1839. p. 167.—Type of |
Trichixos Less. (1839).

C. ? pheocephalus (Lafr.) Hartl.

Gor . —.Setornis criniger Less. Rey.
p- 167. ; Type of Setornis Less. (1839).
Myiobius. Add as species:

M. petechius (Linn.) Pl. enl. 586. f. 2. — Muscicapa fusca
Bodd.

M. flammiceps (Temm.) Pl col. 144. f. 3.

Pyrocephalus. Add as a species :

P. validus Cab. Not. Ornith. ii. p. 351.
Add as species :

E. cotte@ Gosse, Ann. Nat. Hist. 1849. p. 257., Illustr. B.
of Jam. pl. 45.

C. pl.

Iconogr.

E. ? ruficeps (Swains.) Nat. Libr. x. Flyc. pl. 20.—Type |

Zool. 1839. |

Page

i

2

259.
205.

282.

364.

Ooze

. Psilorhinus.

- Molothrus.
. Agelaius.

. Sycobius.

. Pyrenestes.

of Lepturus Swains. (1837) ; with which Leptocercus (1845)
and Hapalocercus (1847) Cab. are coequal.

E. galeata (Less.) Rev. Zool. 1839. p. 42.

E. ? helviventris (Cab.) Not. Ornith. ii. p. 35.
Euscarthmus. Add as species:

E. ? elatus (Lath.) Pl. enl. 708. f. 2., Spix, Av. Bras. t. viii.
f. 2.?—Type of Tyrannulus Vieill. (1816).

E. ? eristatus (Cab.) Not. Ornith. i. p. 253. t. 5, f. 2.—
of Colopterus Cab. (1847).

E, ? pilaris (Licht.) Not. Ornith. i. p. 253. t. 5. f. 4.
Tityra. Add as a species :

T’. surinama (Linn.) Strickl. Jard. Contr. Ornith. 1848. pl.

Rhipidura arrogans. Type of Culicipeta Swains. 1843.
Setophaga. Add as species :

S. ruficauda (Swains.) Fauna Bor, Amer. p. 489.—Type of
Dumecola Swains. (1831).

S. nigra (Bodd.) Pl. enl. 391. f. 2. — Motacilla multicolor
Gmel.
Pericrocotus. Add as species :

P. igneus Blyth, Journ. A. 8. B. 1846. p. 309.

P. aureopygia Hay, Madr. Journ. No. 31. p. 158.

Lanius. Add as a species: L. ferrugineus Gmel. Voy. de
l’Uranie, t. 17.—Type of Oxynotus Swains. (1831).

Garrulus glandarius. Add: Fauna Jap. t. 43.
Add as a species :

P. paradisiacus Temm. & Schl. Fauna Jap. t. Suppl. B.—
Type of Biophorus Zemm. & Schl.

Pica cyanea. Add: Fauna Jap. t. 42.

Corvus dauricus. Add: Fauna Jap. t. 40, 41.

(App. 15.) Icterus maculialatus. Add: Journ.
Philad. i. pl. 16. f. 1.

I. auricapillus. Add: Journ. Acad. Philad. i. pl. 16. f. 2.

I. Giraudii. Add: Journ. Acad. Philad. i. pl. 17.
Add as a species :
M. ater (Bodd.) Pl. enl. 606. f. 1.
Add as a species :
A. niger (Bodd.) Pl. enl. 534.
Refer to :

S. seutatus Cass. Proc. Acad. Philad. 1848. p. 157.

Ploceus Jepidopterus. Add: Type of Sporopipes Cab.
(1847).
Add as species :

P. fuscofulvus (Bodd.) PI.
borbonica Gmel.

1s . — Fringilla carolinensis Gmel. Pl. enl. 181. f.

Type

Acad.

321. f. 2. — Emberiza

enl.

P. Martinetii— Emberiza rubra Gmel. Pl. enl. 665. f.
12

Add as a species :

P. coceineus Cass. Proc Acad. Philad. 1848. p. 67.
Coccothraustes vulgaris. Add: Fauna Jap. t. 51.

Refer to C. personatus Temm. & Schl. Fauna Jap. t. 52.
Pipilo personata. Read: P. nigrorufa (D’Orb. & Lafr.)

— Pipilo personata, &c.

P. superciliosa. Read: P. lateralis (IU.) Erman, Reise
Atlas, p. 10. — Pipilo superciliosa, &c.
Pitylus. Add as a species: P. flavocinereus Cass. Proc.

Acad. Philad. 1848. p. 67. — Loxia canadensis var. A.
Tanagra. Add as a species :
T. nigro-aurita Cass. Proc. Acad. Philad. 1848. p. 85.

Lath.

SUPPLEMENTARY APPENDIX.

Page
376.

377.

381.
384.

385.

386.

387.

423,

429.
430.
436.

444,

470.

61.
164.
Aye

Euspiza. Refer to:

E. Gayi (Eyd. & Gerv.) Mag. de Zool. 1834. Ois. t. 23.

E. diuca (Mol.) Kittl. Mém. Imp. Acad. Petersb. 1831. p.
192. t. xi., Mag. de Zool. 1836., Ois. t. 9.

E. speculifera (D'Orb.) Voy. dans l’Amér. Mér. Ois. t. 46. |
% Me |

Emberiza variabilis.
Refer to:

E. cioides Temm. & Schl. Fauna Jap. t. 59.

E. sulphurea Temm. & Schl. Fauna Jap. t. 60.
Pyrrhulauda. Refer to:

P. simplex (Temm.) PI. col. 358.

Add: Fauna, Jap. t. 56.

Carpodacus. Add as a species:
C. sanguinolentus (Temm. & Schl.) Fauna Jap. t. 54.
Crithagra. Add as species:
C. butyracea (Linn.) Pl. enl. 341. f.1., Edw. Birds, pl. 84.
C. angolensis (Gmel.) Edw. Birds, pl. 129.
Spermophila. Add as a species:

S. gutturalis (Less.) Tr. d'Orn. p. 450., Edw. Birds, pl. 362. |

fe
Pyrrhula. Refer to:

P. orientalis Temm. & Schl. Fauna Jap. t. 53.
Psittacula. Refer to:

P. incerta (Shaw,) Nat. Misc. pl. 769. — Psittacus malac-
censis Swains. Zool. Ilustr. pl. 154., Bourj. St. Hil. t. 92.

Megalaima lutea. Add: O Des Murs, Iconogr. Ornith.
tails |

Capito punctatus. Add: O Des Murs, Iconogr. Ornith,
20. It is the same as C. peruvianus.

Dryocopus erythrops. Add: O Des Murs, Iconogr. Ornith. |
t. 27. |
Melanerpes. Add as a species:

M. L’Herminieri (Less.) Tr. d’Orith. p. 228., O Des |

Murs, Iconogr. Ornith. t. 38. |

Columba. Add as species:
C. solitaria M‘Call. Proc. Acad. Philad. 1847. p. 233.
C. plumbea (Gosse), Illustr. B. of Jam. pl. 85.

30 ¢
Page
498. ~ Gallophasis purpureus. Add: Type of Acomus Reichenb.
(1848).
499. Gallus Lafayettii. Add: O Des Murs, Iconogr. Ornith.
ti Ue
Refer to G. Temminckii G. R. Gray, Proc. Z.S. 1849.
> ¢
514. Ortyx leucopogon. Add: O Des Murs, Iconogr. Ornith.
t. 36.
Refer to O. thoracicus Gamb. Proc. Acad. Philad. 1847.
| t. 77.
533. Eupodotis ruficrista. Add: Type of Lophotis Reichenb.
(1848).

E. Vigorsii. Add: Type of Trachelotis Reichenbd. (1848).
E. melanogaster. Add: Type of Lissotis Reichenb. (1848).
E. aurita. Reichenbach has proposed the generic name of

Comatotis (1848) for this species, but it is synonymous with

Sypheotides of M. Lesson (1839).

538. Glareola. Add as a species:
G. nuchalis G. R. Gray, Proc. Z.S. 1849. p.
545 Phegornis Mitchellii. Add: Leptoscelis Mitchellii O Des
Murs, Iconogr. Ornith. t. 41.
555 Ardea melanocephala. Add: O Des Murs, Iconogr. Ornith.
t. 30.
A. egretta. Add: Ardea galatea Mol. ?
566. Geronticus. Add as a species:

G. erythrorhynchus (Gould), Proc. Z. S. 1837. p. 127.

589 Parra cordifera. Add: O Des Murs, Iconogr. Ornith. t.
42.
649. Sterna argentata. Separate into a species :

? S. frenata Gamb. Proc. Acad. Philad. 1848. p. 128.—
Sterna argentata Mutt. Man. Orn. ii. p. 280. (non Pr.
Max.) ; S. minuta Wils. Amer. Orn. pl. 60. f. 2., Audub.
B. of Amer. pl. 319.

Refer to:

S. regia Gamb. Proc. Acad. Philad. 1848. p. 128.—Sterna
cayana Audub. B. of Amer. pl. 273.

S. eleyans Gamb. Proc. Acad. Philad. 1848. p. 129.

(App. 4.) Brachypteracias collaris, &c., to be erased.

(App. 8.) D. strigatus, &c., read Calamanthus sagittus, &c.

(App. 9.) Formicivora leucophrys, &e., read: Add as species : |
F. leucophrys, &c.

212. (App. 9.) F. leucophrys, &c.. read: Formicivora leuco-

phys, &e.
(App. 11.) E. pectoralis, &c., read: Euscarthmus pecto-
ralis, &c.

Pl.

THE

GENERIC AND SPECIFIC NAMES EMPLOYED IN THIS PUBLICATION

(Nol
=

re
Ba}

=)

Se
oo

Gay gS!
™ >

© 2
nh a) L
NRE NPN NE NEN WDHe

REFERRED TO

THE FIGURES OF THE FOLLOWING ORNITHOLOGICAL WORKS.

Planches enluminées d Histoire Naturelle, par Martinet.

Gallus Bankiva domesticus.
Turdus merula.

Parus major.

Parus czruleus.

Parus palustris.

Fringilla carduelis

Icterus xanthornis.
Xanthornis dominicensis.
Passer domesticus.
Ploceus oryx.

Calliste tatao.

Lanio cristatus.

Vidua regia.

Vidua principalis.
Artamus leucorhynchus.
Enneoctonus rufus,

Otis tetrax.

Ptilonopus madagascariensis.
Ara aracanga.

Chrysotis ochrocephalus.
Cacatua sulphurea.

Otis tetrax.

Oriolus galbula.

Perdix cinerea.
Motacilla boarula.
Motacilla capensis.

Otus vulgaris.

Emberiza citrinella.
Emberiza cia.
Enneoctonus rufus.
Enneoctonus collurio.
Lanius minor.

Artamus viridis,

Calliste tricolor.

Calliste festiva.

Pipra erythrocephala.
Pipra leucocilla.

Pipra aureola.
Coracopsis muscarina.
Ara ararauna,
Cardinalis virginianus,
Cancroma cochlearia.
Rupicola crocea.

Gallus Bankiva domesticus.
Nucifraga caryocatactes.
Turdus iliacus,

Upupa epops.

Tadorna vulpanser.
Fringilla ccelebs.
Fringilla montifringilla.
Passer domesticus,
Spiza larvata.

Laniarius barbarus.
Merops philippinus.
Mniotilta carolinensis.
Mniotilta zstiva.
Mniotilta aurantia.
Procellaria glacialis.
Psittacula pullaria.
Trichoglossus eyanogrammus.
Ceryle rudis.
Pheenicopterus antiquorum.

100.
WOIle TE Le
2.
NOPE 35 ile
2.
103.
104.
105.
106. f
107.
108.
109. f. 1.

Tetrao urogallus.

Sturnus vulgaris.
Corvus cornix.

Alcedo ispida.

Pauxi galeata.

Oriolus melanocephalus.

Ibis rubra.

Ramphastos toco.
Nectarinia famosa.
Czreba cyanea.
Lorius domicella,
Conurus smaragdinus.
Crax globicera.
Pelecanus onocrotalus.
Coracias caudata.
Pitta breviceuda.
Meleagris gallopavo,
Gallus lanatus.

Coccothraustes vulgaris.

Ploceus capensis.
Amadina prasina.
Crotophaga major.
Crotophaga ani.
Spiza cucullata.
Bonasa umbellus.

Petrocles alchata.

Plotus congensis.
Numida meleagris.
Amadina leucocephala.
Amadina maia.
Estrelda granatina.
Columba livia var.
Treron australis.
Haliaetus albicilla,
Sturnella militaris.
Euphonia chlorotica.
Euphonia violacea.
Euphonia cayana.
Estrelda benghala.

Estrelda amandava.

Tanysiptera Dea.

Melanerpes erythrocephalus.

Goura coronata.
Lorius domicella.
Chrysotis ochrocephalus.

Phasianus colchicus.

Gallophasis nyethemerus,

Crax rubra.

Ortyx cristatus.
Coturnix chinensis.
Ramphopis brasilia,
Calliste tatao.

Ramphopis jacapa.

Lagopus mutus.
Pterocles senegalus.

Pl.

131.
132.

WSSateels

pore

pte -

mio 2 Pp to

2.

Tetrao canadensis.

Calliste punctata.
Calliste gyrola.

Ploceus franciscanus,
Ploceus ruber.
Strobilophaga enucleator.
Ploceus philippinus,
Perdix cinerea var.
Francolinus bicalearatus.
Treron vernans.
Amadina punctularia.
Amadina molucca.
Amadina malacea.

Cina capensis.

Peristera montana.
Ptilonopus viridis.

Eos indicus.

Conurus cyanopterus.

} Pyrrhula rubicilla.
Ortalida katraca.
Francolinus yulgaris.

Ortyx virginianus.
Caccabis rufa.

} Fringilla eannabina.

Amadina oryzivora.
Pitylus canadensis.
Amadina striata.
Guiraca ludoyiciana)
Pitylus grossus.
Calliste albiventris.
Tanagra gularis.
Pyranga rubra.
Arremon palmarum.
Estrelda senegala.
Estrelda astrild.
Fringilla sinica.
Zonotrichia ? ludovicia.
Fringillaria capensis.

} Spiza ciris.

Peristera afra.
Turtur risorius.
Peristera cuprea.
‘Treron aromatica.
Carpophaga znea,
Platalea ajaja.
Pteroglossus Aracari.
Conurus payua.
Lorius tricolor.
Psophia crepitans.
Coturnix communis.
Turnix nigricollis.
Tetrao tetrix.

Starnenas cyanocephala,
Ectopistes marginatus
Ectopistes migratorius.
Chaleophaps chrysochlora.
Tanagra episcopus.

i

es

to >

tor tom to:

oe

el

Sees

PLANCHES ENLUMINEES.

Tanagra episcopus ?
Calliste brasiliensis.
Tachyphonus leucopterus.
Francolinus rubricollis,
'Tachyphonus rubescens.
Ploceus—? Fringilla carolinensis.
Turdus torquatus,

Vidua macrocerca.
Ploceus sanguinirostris,
Cacicus persicus.
Thamnobia fulicata,
Saxicola violacea,
Cotinga cxrulea,
Cathartes aura,

Cotinga cincta,

Dicrurus forficatus,
Conurus tuipara,
Psittacula galgulus.
Cacatua philippinarum,
Palwornis cyanocephalus.
Caprimulgus europzus.

Vidua paradisea.

Trogon lepturus.

Picus major.

Fulica atra,

Numenius madagascariensis.
Juida morio.

Gracula calva.
Spermophila? noctis.
Calliste cayana,

Crithagra canaria.
Fringilla tristis.

Estrelda speciosa.

Spiza cyanea.

Spermophila nigroaurantia.
Spermophila Daubentoni,
Saltator magnus.

Capito erythrocephalus,
Capito nevius.

Mergus serratus.

Somateria mollissima.

Falco gyrfalco,

Piaya cayana.
Scaphorhynchus pitangua.,
Columba speciosa.
Ptilonopus melanocephalus.
Palzornis torquatus.
Lorius garrulus.

Thaumalea picta.

Loxia curvirostra.
Acridotheres tristis.
Juida «nea,

Juida erythrogaster.
Attagis malouinus.
Ploceus sanguirostris.
Zonotrichia monticola,
Amadina melanictera.
Amadina melanoleuea.
Tiaris jacarina.
Fringilla petronia.
Chibia hottentottus ? ?
Mellisuga cristata,
Mellisuga moschita.
Hylocharis ourissa.
Vanga curvirostris.
Cotinga mayana.
Passer arcuatus.
Estrelda ? No. 2.
Estrelda melanura.
Caccabis greea.
Halcyon gularis.
Emberiza miliaris.

Tchitrea paradisea.

Saxicola caprata.

Leistes viridis.

Leistes americanus.
Diomedea exulans.
Galbula viridis.
Palzornis Alexandri.
Platycercus amboinensis,
Seops virgo.

Pi.

ip

Peep

Vanellus cristatus,
Chamepelia passerina,
Chamepelia minuta,
‘Turtur risorius,

Otis tarda,

Nectarinia affinis?

Nectarinia chalybea.
Emberiza hortulana.
Emberiza scheeniclus.
Tehitrea holosericea, or
descens.
Tchitrea mutata.
Saurophagus flavus.
Turdus cyanus.
Pastor roseus.
Merops badius.
Larus argentatus,
Paradisea apoda.
Coracia gracula.
Sturnella ludoviciana.
Pitta velata.
Pitta brachyura.
Merops superciliosus.
Buceros erythrocephalus.
Ampelis garrulus.
Ramphastos erythrorhynehus.
Cacatua cristata.
Palxornis bengalensis.
Balerica regulorum.
Larus marinus.
Passer montanus,.
Fringilla chloris.
Gracula religiosa.
Ramphastos dicolorus.
Rhynchea capensis.
Galbula paradisea.
Telophorus zeylonus.
Vireo ? virens.
Campephaga orientalis.
Eudynamys orientalis,
Oxylophus coromandus.
Fratercula arctica.
Trochilus minimus (?).
Topaza fimbriatus.
Polytmus melisugus.
Mellisuga rubinea.
Eudynamys orientalis.
Sula bassana.
Cotinga pompadora.
Sturnopastora cortra,
Centurus striatus.
Colius capensis.
Colius macrourus.
Buceros hydrocorax.
Ceryle torquata.
Coracias indica.
Charadrius yociferus,
Tanygnathus gala.
Psittacus senegalus.
Muscivora regia.
Calliste cayana,
Calliste mexicana.

viri-

Amadina nitens.

? No. 18.

Buphaga africana.
Eudynamys? honoratus.
Centropus melanorhynchus.
Coua cerulea. :
Saurophagus sulphuratus.
Telophorus cucullatus.
Thamnophilus doliatus.
Laniarius bicolor.
Artamus ? rufus.

Fringilla

Laniarius madagascariensis.

Ptilomachus pugnax.
Calliste punctata.
Tachyphonus cristata.
Pipra manacus,
Pipra aureola.

Pipra manacus.
Pipra pareola.

Tityra cayana,

314,
315.
316.
317.
318,
SOc

320.
S21. 4

$22.
$23.
324. f.

325.
326.
327.
328.
329.
330.
331.
332.
333.
334,
335,
een
337,
338.
339.
340.

341. f.

342.
343.
344.

Ptilomachus pugnax.

Ramphastos tucanus.
Colymbus septentrionalis.

1. Amadina erythrocephala,

2. Ploceus oryx.
Hirundo senegalensis.
Psittacus erythacus.
Chrysotis ochrocephalus.
Casuarius emu.
Merops badius ?
Ardea comata,
Columba palumbus.
Pycnonotus nigricans.
Melittophagus erythropterus.

1. Spermophila lineola.

2. Spermophila fusciventris.
Dendrobates goertans.

1. Fringilla brasiliensis.

2. Ploceus fuscofulyus.
Parra jacana.
Ardea minuta.

1. Pipra gutturalis.

2. Pipra serena.
Nyctibius grandis.
Coracias caudata,
Corvus scapularis.
Cacieus viridis.
Macropygia macroura,
Capito mayanensis.
Megalaima philippensis.
Centropus senegalensis.
Hydrochelidon fissipes.
Halcyon canerophaga.

Psittacus leucocephalus.

Opisthocomus cristatus.
Penelope marail.
Turdus philippensis.
Cinelus melanocephalus.

1. Crithagra butyracea.

2. Zonotrichia? dominicensis.
Bernicla brenta.
Chrysomus icterocephalus.
Cacicus eristatus,

345. f. 1, Picus leucomelas,

346.
347.
348.
349.
350.
S51. £

352.
353.
354:
355.
356. f.

Soils
358.
359.
360.
361. f.

362.
363. f.

364. f.

365
sen
367.
368.
369.
370.
371.
372. f.

373.
374.
375.
ay
377.

2. Dendrobates senegalensis.
Bernicla canadensis.
Anser cygnoides.

Ardea comata.

Ardea cxrulea.

Ardea leucogaster.

5 } Ruticilla pheenicurus.
Aramides cayennensis.
Recurvirostra avocetta.
Juida erythroptera.
Pitta cyanura.

1. Alcedo cxruleocephala.
2. Haleyon erythrogaster.

Rhynehops nigra.
Laniarius erythrogaster.
Conurus virescens.
Chrysotis havanensis.

1. Erythacus rubecula.

2. Cyanecula suecica.

Chettusia senegalla,

1. Alauda arvensis,

2. Melanocorypha calandra.

1.

2 i Fringilla? ictera.
Tringa canutus.
Alea impennis.
Corethrura cayennensis.
Phaeton candidus.
Momotus brasiliensis.
Gecinus viridis.

as k Tichodroma muraria.

Cyanocorax cayanus.
Artamus leucocephalus.

Hyphantornis textor.

Tityra cayana.

PLANCHES ENLUMINEES.

Pl.

378.
379.
380.
381.
382.
383.
384.
385.
386.

387.
388.

389.
390.
391.

392.
393.

394.
395.
396.

397.
398.

399.
400.
401.
402.
403.
404.

405.
406.
407.
408.
409.
410.
411.
412.
413.
414,
415.
416.
417.
418.
419.
420.
421.
422.
423,
424,
425.
426.
427.
428,
429.
430.

Pheenicircus carnifex,
Chenalopex xgyptiacus.
Spermophila flabellum.
Querula cruenta.
Spheniscus demersus.
Ara severa.
Psittacus menstruus.
Bubo virginianus.
Fringilla mexicana.
2. Passer pileatus,

Rissa tridactyla.

alk k Dolichonyx oryzivora.

Tantalus ibis.
Cuculus solitarius.
f.1. Euscarthmus? galeatus.
2. Setophaga nigra.

Donacobius atricapillus.

Spermophila grisea.

Ploceus bengalensis.

3. Spermophila? collaria.
Turtur auritus.
Bucco collaris.
ets } Sialis Wilsoni.
Tyrannus americanus.

f.1. Turdus guianensis.

2. Enicocichla aurocapilla.

Ciconia nigra.

Podiceps eristatus.

Tinnunculus alaudarius.

Agelaius pheeniceus.

Pterocyanea discors.

Podiceps major.

2. Podiceps cornutus.
Platalea leucorodia.
Turdus musicus.
Conurus payua.
Psittacus violaceus.

feels
2.

; Aquila chrysaetos.

Haliaetus leucocephalus.
Accipiter nisus.
Cireaetus gallicus.
Pandion haliaetus.
Haliaetus albicilla.
Haliastur indus.
Ibycter americanus.
Astur palumbarius.
Buteo vulgaris.

Pernis apivorus.

Falco peregrinus.
Milvus regalis.

Astur palumbarius.
Circus zruginosus.
Vultur monachus.
Gyps fulvus.

Neophron perenopterus.
Sarcoramphus papa.
Neophron perenopterus.
Falco peregrinus.

Tinnunculus vespertinus.

Hypotriorchis subbuteo.

; i Pavo cristatus.

Bubo maximus.
Epbialtes scops.
Syrnium aluco.
Otus brachyotus.
Athene noctua.
Strix flammea,
Syrnium aluco.
Athene cayanensis.
Cireus cyaneus.
Tinnunculus sparverius.
Lanius major,

Faleo gyrfalco.
Hypotriorchis Asalon.

af aa Agelaius pheeniceus.
: i Mergellus albellus.

Palamedea cristata.
Trogon eurucui.

$3. f.1. Tityra rufescens.

2, Myiobius audax.

(Strix. )

Pi.

454.

455. f. 1.

456.

457.
458.
459.
460.
461.
462.
463.
464.
465.
466.
467.
468.
469.
470.
471.
472.
413:
474.
475.
476.
477.

478.
479.

480.

481.
482.

512.

2.
f, 1.
2.

Turdus ? cayanensis.
Psittacula passerina.
Coriphilus notatus.
Conurus tui,
Conurus tuipara.
Struthio camelus.
Nyctea nivea,

Cireus cyaneus.
Cireus zruginosus.
Astur palumbarius,
Falco gyrfalco.
Surnia ulula.

Astur magnirostris,
Tinnunculus sparverius.
Columba cenas.
Accipiter nisus.
Hypotriorchis salon.

Falco peregrinus.

Tinnunculus alaudarius.
Milvus niger.
Cymindis cayanensis.

Bonasa sylvestris.

‘Tinamus major.

Lanius collaris.
Telephorus senegalus.
Falco frontalis.
Telephorus erythropterus.
Thamnophilus canadensis.
Cireus eyaneus.

Garrulus glandarius.
Cacieus hemorrhous.
Corvus corone.

Corvus frugilegus.
Fringilla cannabina.
Fringilla linaria.
Fringilla spinus.

Coracias garrula.
Peristera dominicensis.
Pica caudata.

Turdus viseivorus.
Turdus pilaris.

Calenas nicobarica.

Polyplectron bicalearatum.

Lagopus mutus.

Corvus corax.
Paradisea regia.
Piectrophanes nivalis.
Emberiza scheeniclus.
Cacatua moluccensis.
Conurus carolinensis.
Coracopsis nigra.
Eurystomus madagascariensis.
Parus atricapillus.
Parus cristatus.

Parus caudatus,
Alauda cristata.

Alauda arborea.

Alauda senegalensis.
Anthus capensis.
Chelidoptera tenebrosa,
Yphantes baltimore.
Xanthornus varius.
Heterornis cristatella.
Pycnonotus jocosus ?
Celeus citrinus.
Columba livia.
Emberiza cia.
Plectrophanes nivalis.
Monasa atra.
Calamodyta arundinacea.
Eclectus polychloris.
Cotinga No. 13.
Turdus torquatus.
Palzornis pondicerianus.
Lorius cardinalis.

Eos rubra.

Psittacula melanoptera,
Psittacula indica.
Gymnocephalus calvyus,
Corvus spermolegus.
Corvus monedula.
Celeus cinnamomeus.
Conurus luteus.

33

$54. f. 1

2.
3.
566. f. 1.

HOG 6 il

Psittacus ? accipitrinus.
Psittacus melanocephalus.
Conurus pertinax.
Cyanocorax cristatus.
Perisoreus canadensis.
Pyrrhocorax alpinus.
Icterus vulgaris.

Icterus mexicanus.
Agelaius niger.
Xanthornus bonasa.
Xanthornus cayanensis.
Leistes americanus.
Tyrannus matutinus.
Ptilostomus senegalensis.
Arremon palmarum.
Phyllornis ? jala. (Pitta ?)
Juida aurata.
Campephaga cana.
Cypselus apus.

Chelidon urbica,
Hirundo rustica.

Cotyle riparia.
Acanthylis acuta.
Hirundo virescens.
Progne dominicensis.
Progne chalybea.
Hirundo maculata.
Hirundo albiventer.
Chrysotis amazonicus.

Psittacus leucocephalus.

Palzornis torquatus.

Eos ornata.
Picoides hirsutus Wag].

a Saxicola cenanthe.

Turdus merula.

Turdus migratorius,
Turdus brunneus.
Saraglossa madagascariensis.
Turdus urovang.

Mimus dominicus.
Vireo? No. 9.
Xanthornus jugularis,
Mimus plumbeus,
Formicivora cinnamomea.
Juida nitens.

Turdus saxatilis.
Pycenonotus cafer.
Phyllastrephus lugubris.
Turdus indicus.

Turdus manilla.
Muscicapa grisola.

Muscicapa atricapilla.

Setophaga ruticilla.
Fluvicola pica.
Platysteira senegalensis.

Platysteira melanoptera.
Myiobius martinicus.
Myiobius petechia,
Myiobius erinitus.
Myiobius cayanensis.
Oriolus chinensis.
Myiobius ferox.
Milvulus tyrannus.
Platysteira capensis.
Platysteira torquata.
Muscicapa rufiventris,
Tchitrea borbonica.
Tchitrea cristata.
Myiobius fuscus.
Myiobius olivus.
Myiobius nzvius.
Nectarinia olivacea ?

: Nectarinia angladiana.

Nectarinia zeylonica ?
Nectarinia mahrattensis ?
Nectarinia jugularis ?
Nectarinia pectoralis ?
Pteroglossus piperivorus.
Daenis atricapillus.

34

Pi.

578. f. 2. Daenis atricapillus,

S. Cwreba gutturalis.
579. f. 1. Sylvia orphea.

2. Sylvia hortensis.

3. Sylvia cinerea,
BED. % x ' Sylvia atricapilla,

8. Sylvia curruca?
581. f. 1. Sylvia cinerea.

2. Sylvia hippolais.

8. Calamodyta locustella.
582, f. 1. Sylvia senegalensis.

2. Drymoica undata.

3. Sylvia flavescens.
583. f. 1. Pratincola fervida.

2. Pratincola leucorhoa.
584. f. 1. Sylvia fuscata.

€

“ Sylvia subflava,
585. f. 1. Todus viridis.

9

8. Todirostrum cinereum ?
586. Eudynamys orientalis.
ad Leptostomus afer,
589. Coua cristata.
590. Halcyon capensis.
591. f. i } Ceryle americana.
552, f " t Ceryle viridirufa.
593. Ceryle aleyon.
594. Halcyon senegalensis.
595. Picus major.
596. Dryocopus martius.
597. Centurus radiolatus.
598. f Es Picus minor.
599. f. 1. Topaza pella.

2. Polytmus fureatus.
600. f. 1. Polytmus thaumatias.

2. Topaza violacea,

3. Phetornis superciliosus.

4, Polytmus leucurus.
601. Turacus Persa.
602. Laimodon dubius.
603. Dicrurus balicassius.
604, Garrulax perspicillatus.
605. Dendrocolaptes pica.
606. f.1. Molothrus ater,

2. [eterus olivaceus.
607. f. 1. Xanthornus varius.

2. Xanthornus flavus.
608. Perisoreus infaustus.
609. Gymnoderus feetidus.
610. f. 1.

4 Cyanecula suecica.

°
61l. Picus medius.
612. Campephilus rubricollis.
613. Chrysoptilus punctigula.
614, Centurus striatus.
615. f. 1. Accentor modularis.

2. Luscinia philomela.
616. Saltator cayanensis.
617. Pastor sinensis.
618. e ' Paroides biarmicus.

8. Paroides pendulinus.
619. Eurystomus orientalis.
620. Cissa sinensis.
621. Dendrocolaptes cayanensis.
622. Psilorhinus sinensis.
663. f. 1. Sitta europza.

2. Sitta canadensis.
624. Cotinga cayana,
625. Cyanocorax Yneas.
626. Coracias caudata.
627. f. 1. Copsychus saularis,

2. Pastor dominicanus
628. Cracticus cassicus.
629. Campephaga striata.
630. Campephaga papuensis.
631, Paradisea speciosa,
632. Paradisea atra.
633. Paradisea sexpennis.

PLANCHES ENLUMINEES.

634.
635.
636.
637.
638.
639.
640. f. 1.
2.
3.
641.
642.
643, f. 1.
2.
3.
644, f. 1.
2.
645.
646.
647.
648. f. 1.
2.
649.
650. f. 1.
2s
651. f. 1.
2.
3.
652. f. 1.
2s
Obst
2.
654, f. 1.
oF
650,64.
2.
656. f. 1.
Oy,
657.
658.f- 1
2;
659. f. 1.
2;
660. f. 1.
2
661. f. 1.
2.
662.
663.
664. f. 1.
2.
665. f. 1.
Z
666. f. 1.
2.
667.
668. f. 1.
Zs
669. f. 1.
Op,
ae
670; i. 1.
2.
67. tale
2:
62k
Ze
a
673.
674. f. 1.
2:
675. f. 1.
2.
676.
Grits
678. f. 1.
679.
680, f. 1.
Zs
a
Gils
2,
682. f. 1.
Ze
683.
684.

Phonygama viridis.
Chera progne.
Turdus manilla,
Promerops cafer.

Epimachus speciosus.

Mellisuga moschita.
Topaza mellivora,
Mellisuga ornata,

Ara tricolor.

Palwornis Alexandri.
Formicivora grisea.
Formicivora cirrhata,
Phyllornis cochinchinensis.
Formicivora rufa.
Formicivora rufigula.
Mimus rufus.

Quiscalus purpureus var.
Vidua ardens.

Juida leucogaster.

Juida mauritiana.
Merops nubicus.
Melanocorypha tartarica.
Otocoris alpestris,

Sylvia trochilus.
Troglodytes parvulus.
Regulus ignicapillus.

‘ Motacilla alba.

i Emberiza cirlus.

Plectrophanes lapponicus (?)
Sylvia maculata, (?)
Sylvia undata,
Calamodyta Cettii.
Emberiza provincialis.
Emberiza lesbia.
Cuculus cupreus.
Fringilla serinus.
Fringilla citrinella,
Ploceus capensis.
Spermophila ? collaris,
Anthus pratensis.
Anthus arboreus.

Anthus campestris.
Anthus spinoletta.
Alauda cristata.

Dacelo gigas,
Fringillaria capensis.
Fringillaria erythroptera.

f Ploceus Martinetii.

Myiagra azurea,
Setophaga mitrata.
Campethera nubica.
Muscicapa atricapilla.
Accentor alpinus.

i Daenis cayanus.

Tanagrella cyanomelas,
Nectarinia pulchella.
Nectarinia violacea.
Polytmus dominicus.
Polytmus mango.
Mellisuga amethystina.
Polytmus largipennis.
Polytmus mellisugus.
Haleyon pileata.
Motacilla alba.
Motacilla flava.
Fluvicola pica.
Pyrocephalus rubineus.
Tyrannus intrepidus.
Milvulus forficatus.
Pratincola rubicola,
Pratincola rubetra.
Ceryle maxima,
Polytmus margaritaceus,

Polytmus mango.

Certhia familiaris.
Zosterops chloronotus.
Dacnis atricapillus.
Czreba cyanea.
Eclectus ceylonensis.
Eos squamata.

Pi.

MOMs te

neve

702,
703. f.

.

704. f.

705. f.

706. f.

707. f.

708. f.

709. f.

.

710.
711.
712.
TLS:
714. f. 1.

715.
716.
Wh
718.
aug}
ZO seems

721.
722,
T28. te

724. f.

HDD stks

726. f.

.

aie
728.
729.
730. f. 1.
2.
TNs fo ss
2.
732,
733.
734,
Usiey

Trichas wquinoctialis.
Mniotilta canadensis,
Mniotilta superciliosa.
Anabates guianensis.
Pipra cinerea,

Pipra pareola,

Laimodon leucomelas.
Bucco tectus,

Bucco macrorhynchus,
Campephilus principalis.
Chrysocolaptes philippinarum.
Centurus carolinus,
Colaptes auratus,

Celeus rufus,

Centurus hirundinaceus,
Brachypternus aurantius.
Chrysocolaptes goensis.
Upupa varia.

Yunx torquilla.

Cotinga pompadora.
Formicarius torquatus.
Formicivora cantator.
Formicivora coraya,
Formicivora attothorax,
Grallaria varia,
Formicivora bambla.
Formicarius cayanensis,
Culicivora leucogastra.
Mniotilta citrea.

Sylvia ? mauritiana.
Zosterops borbonica,
Sylvia ? livida.

Grallaria brevicauda.
Cyphorhinus musicus.
Dasycephala ? albifrons.
Dicwum papuense.
Paroides pendulina.
Euscarthmus? elatus.
Parus cinctus.

Mniotilta coronata.
Trichas marilandicus,
Molothrus bonariensis.
Tachyphonus leucopterus.
Certhilauda africana,
Tanygnathus macrorhynchus.
Mniotilta grisea,
Tanagra atra,

Ceryle aleyon.

Ceryle rudis.

Dryocopus lineatus,
Dryocopus pileatus.
Chrysoptilus melanochloris.
Nemosia nigricollis.
Nemosia pileata,
Serpentarius reptilivorus.
Progne purpurea,

Cotyle cincta.

Hirundo cucullata.
Hirundo erythrogaster.
Atticora fasciata.
Cypselus (No. 17.)
Cypselus cayanensis,
Acanthylis spinicauda,
Acantbylis poliourus,

Pteroglossus viridis.

Pteroglossus piperivorus,
Troglodytes ludovicianus.
Troglodytes platensis.
Mniotilta americana.
Mniotilta pennsylvaniea,
Chordeiles acutipennis,
Caprimulgus guianensis.
Caprimulgus semitorquatus.
Chordeiles ? rufus,
Trogon lepturus,

Trogon curucui,

Anthus rufus,

Lessonia nigra.
Furnarius figulus.
Merops viridis.

Pyranga coccinea,
Arremon silens,
Trichoglossus multicolor.
Psittacus histrio.
Rupicola peruyiana.

PLANCHES ENLUMINEES.

35

Bucco tamatia.
Megalaima parva.
Rupicola crocea,
Picus mixtus.

Picus moluccensis,
Rallus aquaticus.
Ortygometra crex.
Ortygometra porzana.
Enicocichla noveboracensis.
Drymoica maculosa.
Corethrura ecaudata ?
Picus villosus.

Ardea cinerea.
Alcedo cristata.
Ceryle superciliosa,

Halcyon javana.
Nycticorax griseus.

Caprimulgus cayanensis.
Fratercula cirrhata.
Stercorarius cephus.
Botaurus undulatus.
Eudynamys maculatus.
Trogon viridis,
Phalaropus hyperboreus.
Conurus canicularis.
Conurus monachus.
Grus cinerea.

Nettapus auritus.
Eudynamys orientalis.
Saurothera dominicensis.
Corethrura fusca.

Rallus philippensis.
Aramides maculatus.

Anas boschas.

Alcedo madagascariensis.
Ceyx tridactyla.
Bucorvus abyssinicus.

} Buceros Panini.

Eurypyga Helias.
Alcedo picta.
Haleyon chloris.

Chloronerpes icterocephalus.

Picus varius.
Picumnus Buffoni.

Dendrobates griseocephalus.

Ardea cinerea,
Ardea purpurea.
Botaurus stellaris.
Tigrisoma tigrinum.
Psittacula bavatica.
Psittacula cana.
Psittacus vittatus.

Prcenias nivea.

Cursorius gallicus.
Scopus umbretta.
Fulica cristata

Clangula histrionica.

Hoplopterus coronatus.
Hoplopterus persicus.
Clangula glaucion.
Nyroca ferina,
Dendrocygna arborea.

Aix galericulata.

Chettusia indica.
Dendrocygna viduata.
Euphonia musica.
Lanio atricapillus.

Porphyrio madagascariensis.

Cuculus canorus.
Diplopterus nzvius.
Coceyzus minor.
Cuculus merulinus.
Coua gigas.

Coccyzus americanus.
Mycteria americana.
Numenius arquatus.
Ibis falcinellus.
Geronticus cayanensis.
Formicarius cayanensis.
Conopophaga aurita.

|

Pl.

822,

823. f.

824.
825.
826.
827.
828.
829.

830. f.

831.

832.
833.
834,
835.
836.
837.
838.
839.
840

841.
842.
843.
844,
845.
846.
847.
848.
849.
850.
851.
852.
853.
854.
855.
856.
857.
858.
859.

860. °

861.
862.
863.
864.
865.
866.
867.
868.
869.
870.
871.
872.
873.
874.
875.
876.
877.
878.
879.
880.
881.
882.
883.
884,
885.
886.
887.
888.
889.
890.
891.
892.
893.
894,
895.
896.
897.
898.
899.
900.
901.
902.
903.
904.
905.

tor

t= ph

Conopophaga aurita.
Formicarius lineatus.
Conopophaga nevia.
Centropus philippensis.
Mareca Penelope.
Dendrocygna autumnalis.
Totanus calidris.
Tinamus variegatus.
Tinamus sovi,

Myiobius barbatus.

Tityra eques.
Formicarius minutus.
Charadrius morinellus.
Hoplopterus cayanus.
Hoplopterus tectus.
Chettusia miles.
Vanellus cayanensis.
Conurus tiriacula.
Conurus aureus.
Chrysotis amazonicus.
Chrysotis festivus.
Geronticus cristatus.
Numenius phzopus.
Totanus ochropus,
Philomachus pugnax,
Totanus calidris.
Parra jacana.
Ortygometra flaviventer.
Aramus scolopaceus.
Rallus longirostris.
Tringoides hypoleuca.
Tringa subarquata,
Tringa variabilis.

Squatarola helvetica.

Bernicla leucopsis.
Cinclus interpres.
Cinclus melanocephalus.

Ardea agami.

Tigrisoma brasiliensis.
Chrysotis farinosus.
Eclectus gramineus.
Celeus torquatus.
Ara makaruanna.
Grus torquata.
Ciconia alba.
Geronticus ealvus.
Tantalus loculator.
Cancroma cochlearia.
Megalaima viridis
Megalaima virens.
Oxylophus serratus.
Buceros coronatus.
Limosa zegocephala,
Totanus fuseus.
Totanus stagnalis.
Gallinula chloropus.
Himantopus candidus
Gecinus viridis.
Hoplopterus malabaricus.
Rhyncheza chinensis.
Glareola pratincola.
Gallinago media.
Gallinago gallinula.
Scolopax rusticola.
Ardea alba,
Palzornis longicauda.
Palzornis bengalensis.
Grus americana.
Buceros nasutus.
Buceros Panini.

Cursorius coromandelicus.

Heliornis fulica.
Halcyon fusca.
Gallinago undulata.
Gallinula phenicura.
Porphyrio parvus.
Botaurus pumilus.
Nycticorax violaceus.
Limosa lapponica.
Ardea candidissima.
Ardea rufa.

Uria troile.
Charadrius pluvialis,
Podiceps minor.

:
ew ee Som

Ciconia episcopus.
Nycticorax pileatus.
Ardea grisea.

Ardea virescens.
Ardea coromanda.
Ardea leucoptera.
Ardea virescens.
Cygnus olor.
Colymbus arcticus,
Ibis alba,

Limosa egocephala.
Arctica alle.
Pluvianus xgyptius.
QEdienemus crepitans.
Charadrius hiaticula.
Charadrius curonicus.
Rhynchza capensis.
Squatarola helvetica.
Hydrochelidon nigra.
Ardea egretta.

Ardea nove guinee.
Graculus carbo.
Branta rufina,
Hematopus ostralegus,
Querquedula javana.
Podiceps grisegena.
Anastomus oscitans.
Buceros scutatus.
Buceros rhinoceros.

Mergus cucullatus.

Sarkidiornis regia.
Merops apiaster.
Nycticorax navius.
Hydrobata cincelus.
Podiceps cristatus.
Podiceps cornutus,
Podilymbus carolinensis,
Podiceps cristatus.
Podiceps philippensis,
Pterocyanea circia.
Querquedula erecca.
Clangula albeola.

Nettapus coromandelicus.

Mergus castor.
Colymbus glacialis.
Mergus merganser.
Dafila acuta.

Mareca americana.
Oidemia fusca.
Pelecanus fuscus.
Chaulelasmus strepera.

Plotus anhinga. ,

Atagen aquila.
Puffinus major.
Diomedea brachyura.
Procellaria capensis.
Pelecanus philippensis.
Pterocyanea discors.

Erismatura dominica.
Larus ridibundus.

Spatula clypeata.

Sula parva.

Graculus brasiliensis.
Aptenodytes Pennantii.
Geronticus caudatus,
Larus canus.

Oidemia nigra.

Pheton rubricauda.

Aix sponsa.

Chenalopex africanus.

Eudyptes chrysocome ?
Anser segetum.

Sula bassana,

Sterna hirundo.

Sterna cayanensis.
Cairina moschata.

Larus marinus.
Stercorarius cephus.
Colymbus septentrionalis.

36

Pi.

Pi.

993,
994,
995.
996.
997.
998,

f.

™

>
Pre

ide
. f

at,

ok
one

SNF N
wih 17 @Li

1

2.
1
2

1
2
l
2
3. Mellisuga cornuta.

Thalassidroma grallaria ?
Pagophila eburnea,
Oidemia perspicillata.
Sterna minuta.

Anous leucoceps.
Phaeton wthereus.

PLANCHES COLORIEES.

Harelda glacialis.
Nyroca leucopthalmus,
Fuligula cristata.
Fuligula marila.

Alca torda,

Alea torda,
Spheniscus demersus,
Bernicla magellanica.
Fuligula cristata.
Harelda glacialis,

Temminck et Meiffren Laugier, Nouveau Recueil de Planches coloriées des Oiseaux, §e.

Gallophasis Cuvieri.
Otogyps calvus,
Geranospiza gracilis,
Bubo lactea,

3 i Tersa ventralis,

Sylvia conspicillata,
Sylvia subalpina,
Drymoica cisticola.
Cultrides Geoffroyi.
Haliaetus Macei.
Buteo peecilonotus.
Baza lophotes,
Spermophila cinereola.
Spermophila falcirostris,
Platyrhynchus olivaceus.
Platyrhynchus cancromus.
Vultur occipitalis.
Thrasaetus harpyia.
Prioniturus platurus,
Ephialtes leucotis,
5 ' Setophaga cexsia.
¥ i Mellisuga Delalandii.

Cireaetus bacha.

Ketupa ceylonensis,

Athene Sonneratii.

Circus macropterus.

Turacus erythrolophus.

Sylvia subalpina.

Sylvia Sarda.

Sylvia Bonellii.

Morphnus meridionalis,

Gyps fulvus.

Syrnium uralense.

Xiphorhynchus trochilirostris,

Meliphaga maculata.

Meliphaga reticulata.

i Niltava hyacinthina.

Cathartes californianus.
Aquila audax.

Aquila pennata,
Athene perlata.

Coturnix coromandelica.

: ' Nemosia flavicollis,

Euphonia viridis,
Ibycter ater.

Harpagus bidentatus.
Athene pumila.
Pyroderus scutatus,
Tringa Temminckii.
Tringa albescens,
Calliste thoracica.
Calliste citrinella.
Accipiter cirrocephalus.
Pernis cristatus.
Tinnunculus punctatus.
Athene Maugei.
Charadrius melanops.
Charadrius ruficapillus.

. i Calliste vittata.

Pontoaetus leucogaster.
Otus maculosus,
Procnias variegata.

Pterocles arenarius.

Fl. 5% £. a Pipra strigillata,
3. Pipra rubrocapilla.
55. Morphnus urubitinga,
56. Buteo pterocles.
57. Bubo ascalaphus,
58. Cyanocorax pileatus.
59. f, Chloronerpes aurulentus.

67. Accipiter fuscus.

68. Athene brama.

69. Buceros suleatus.

70. Trena puella.

le Campephaga pheenicea.
72. f.1, Sittasomus erythacus.

2, Xenops rutilans.

3. Sitta frontalis.

a Spizaetus tyrannus.
74. Ketupa javanensis.
thi Ortyx Sonnini.

76. Timalia thoracica.
ine ff 1 EF. ]

2. i ‘aleunculus frontatus,
des i i Pardalotus punctatus.
79. Spizetus atricapillus,
80. Ephialtes asio.

81. Cacatua rosea,
82. Perdix madagascariensis.
83. f.1. | Macropteryx Klecho.

2. Hirundo javanica.

84. f. 1. | Arachnothera longirostris.

2. Arachnothera affinis.
85. Nauclerus Riocouri.
86. Astur magnirostris.

87. Astur nitidus.
88. Criniger barbatus.
89. f. 1. Megalaima armillaris.

2. Megalaima australis.
90. f. 1. Tenics

£9. } emicircus concretus
91. Geranospiza gracilis.
92. Micrastur xanthothorax.
93. Accipiter cirrocephalus.
94. Bucco chacura.
95. Syrrhaptes paradoxus,
OG6atsnle

2. } Amadina prasina.

3.
he a i Hierax malayensis.

98. Athene castanoptera.

99. Ephialtes lempiji.

100. Macropygia amboinensis.
101. Anthus Richardii.
102. f. 1. Cuculus lucidus.

2. Cuculus chalcites,
eg i Cymindis uncinatus.
105. Buteo melanops.

106. Ptilonopus roseicollis.

a

a

Fa)
SES LS) ee

Picus Wagleri.
Ortyxelos Meiffrenii.
Turnix pugnax.
Rostrhamus hamatus.
Otus crassirostris.

Gubernatrix cristatella.

Megalurus galactotes.
Megalurus palustris.
Mellisuga Langsdorffi.
Mellisuga chalybea,
Calothorax enicurus.

Pl;

107.
108,

109.
110,
111.
112.
113.
114,

115.
116.
117.
118.

119. £0

120, f. 1.

150.

i x Nectarinia pectoralis,

Dale
2.
8.

ele
2.

2

2.
3.

3.

feplie
2.

151. i
152.

153.

1
2
be
2

1,

Podager Nattererii.
Nectarinia cingalensis.

Diczum rubescens.

Accipiter virgatus.
Accipiter soloensis.
Sturnus unicolor.
Meleagris ocellata.
Enicurus Leschenaultii.
Emberizoides marginalis.
Emberizoides melanotis.
Cymindis uncinatus.
Micrastus brachypterus.
Aquila malayensis.
Phibalura flavirostris,

Tephrodornis hirundinacea,

Phetornis brasiliensis.
Phetornis ? Suppl. App.
Grypus neevius,
Hypotriorchis femoralis,
Accipiter gabar.

Accipiter approximans,
Harpactes Reinwardtii,
Oxyramphus flammiceps.

Nectarinia malaccensis.

Neetarinia siparaja.
Spizaetus caligatus.
Hypotriorchis severus,
Accipiter soloensis,

Eurylaimus javanicus,

Formicivora rufimarginata.

Formicivora ferruginea.
Sarcoramphus gryphus.
Spizaetus limnetus.
Halcyon. melanoptera.
Microscelis ochrocephalus.
Pyenonotus dispar.

Nectarinia insignis,
Buteo pterocles.
Aceipiter gabar.
Micrastur brachypterus.
Ocyphaps lophotes.
Treron Capellei.
Todirostrum diops.
Myiobius eximius,
Myiobius flammiceps.
Ephialtes atricapilla.
Athene cunicularia.
Pycnonotus melanocephalus.
Perdix javanica.

vf x } Calornis panayensis.

Xenops genibarbis.
Xenops fuscus,

Aquila heliaca.

Pauxi mitu.
Cymbirhynchus macrorhynchus,

5 Alectrurus tricolor.

} Pericrocotus miniatus.

Caprimulgus furcifer.

Batrachostomus cornutus,
Enicurus velatus.

Pl.

160 f. 2.
161. f. 1.
2,
162.
163.
164,
165.
166.
167..f 1.
2.
3.
168.
169.
170.
71,
172) fis
. 2
173, f U
2.
174.
175.
176. i
177.
178.
179) £1:

2.
a
180.
181.
182.
183.
184.
185. f. 1.
2.
186.
187.
188.
189.
190.
191.
192.
193.
194.
195.
196.
97.4 1
2,
198.
199.
200.
201.
202.
203. f. 1.
2,
3.
204.
205.
206.
207.
208. f. 1.
2.
209. f. 1.
2.
210.
211.
212.
213.
214, f. 1.
2.
215. f. 1.
2.
216.
217.
218.
219,
220.
22). f. 1.
2.
3.
222,
223.
2924,
225,
O9Ge fale
2.
297. f. 1.

Enicurus velatus.
Hirundo fucata.

Cotyle jugularis,
Lopholaimus antarcticus.
Carpophaga magnifica.
Carpophaga lacernulata.
Carpophaga badia.
Columba plumbea,
Todirostrum gulare.
Eusearthmus subcristatus.
Culicivora stenura.
Cyanocorax azureus.
Cyanocorax cyanopogon.
Myiophonus flavirostris.
Dryocopus galeatus.
Pipra pileata,

Pipra chloris.
Hylophilus thoracicus.
Hylophilus poicilotis.
Bubo orientalis.

Hyphantornis aurifrons.

Saltator rubicus.
Bhringa remifer.

i Formicarius strictothorax.

Formicarius mentalis.
Ictinia plumbea.
Harpactes oreskios.
Podager nacunda.
Charadrius pecuarius.
Charadrius collaris.
Macronus capistratus.
Macronus melanothorax.
Carpophaga norfolciensis.
Geophaps scripta.
Turtur Dussumieri.
Columba leucotis.
Columba xanthonura.
Geopelia humeralis.
Milyago leucurus.
Cyanocorax cyanoleucus.
Myiophonus cyaneus,
Acanthylis collaris.
Tinamus obsoletus.
Meiglyptes tristis.
Dendrobates minutus,
Harpagus diodon.
Athene ferruginea.
Phaleris camtschatica.
Laimodon nigrothorax.
Anous senex.

Mellisuga melanoleuca.
Polytmus albicollis.
Polytmus serrirostris.
Cymindis cayanensis.
Accipiter pileatus.
Cereopsis nove hollandiz.
Psittacula pileata.

Tiaris ornatus.

Hirundo minuta.
Hirundo melanoleuca.
Buceros eassidix.

Buceros exarhatus.

Pitta erythrogaster.
Francolinus ponticerianus.

Oriolus xanthonotus.

Calliste tricolor.
Calliste festiva.
Calyptomena viridis.
Pitta gigas.

Pitta eyanoptera.
Chauna chavaria.
Megapodius Freycineti.
Estrelda melanotis.
Amadina sanguinolenta.
Estrelda polyzona.
Neophron pileatus.
Haliaetus Macei.
Milvago leucurus.
Irena puella.

Niltava banyumas.

Synallaxis rutilans.

PLANCHES COLORIEES.

37

Pi

bo

to
a
—
bar)
Doe

Synallaxis ruficapilla.
Synallaxis cinerascens,
Harpagus bidentatus.
Bubo orientalis.
Syrnium seloputo,
Rostrhamus hamatus.

Gallus Sonneratii.

Cireaetus coronatus.
Geronticus czrulescens.
Anastomus lamelligerus.
Cariama cristata.
Anabates macrourus,
Anabates amaurotis.
Alcedo biru.

Aleedo meninting.
Treron oxyura.

Treron olax.

Columba picturata.
Stephanophorus czruleus.
Otocoris bilopha.

Mirafra deserti.

Sylvia Ruppellii.
Calamodyta melanopogon.
Sylvia sibilatrix. 2
Carpophaga perspicillata.
Carpophaga luctuosa.
Macropygia Reinwardtii.

Campephaga javensis.
(Edon galactodes,
Sylvia subalpina.

Ptilonopus hyogaster.
Ptilonopus monachus.
Ptilonopus xanthogaster.
Cephalopterus ornatus.
Tephrodornis virgatus,
Lanius nubicus.
Saxicola stapazina.
Saxicola mclanura.
Saxicola leucomela.

Turtur humilis.

Peristera cinerea.
Eurylaimus ochromalus.
Dacelo eyanotis.

Pericrocotus flammeus.

Astur poliogaster.
Temnurus leucopterus.
Calornis metallica.
Calornis erythrophrys.
Macropteryx comatus.
Pyrrhulauda grisea.

Pyrrhulauda leucotis.

Cymindis cayanensis.
Nycticorax sibilatrix,
Halcyon diops.
Cracticus torquatus.
Cochoa azurea.
Elania obsoleta.
Elania ventralis,
Elania virescens,
Pelecanus conspicillatus.
Haleyon pulchella.
Campephaga bicolor.

Campephaga lobata.

Climacterus leucophezus.
Climacterus scandens.
Spizaetus cristatellus,
Buceros hydrocorax.
Buceros buccinator,
Megalaima chrysopogon.
Alecturus guirayetapa.
Leiothrix sinensis,

Parus atriceps.

Aquila Bonellii.

Athene scutellata.
Seythrops nove hollandiz.
Harpactes rutilus.
(Edienemus maculosus.
Mniotilta venusta.
Mniotilta speciosa,

noe

Zosterops palpebrosa.
Astur nitidus.

Astur poliogaster.
Alectrurus guirayetapa.
Eurylaimus sumatranus,
Cursorius chalcopterus,
Mellisuga longirostris.
Mellisuga magnifica.
Hylocharis superba.
Leptoptilus argala.
Leptoptilus crumeniferus.
Pontoaetus melanoleucus,
Astur trivirgatus.
Geronticus papillosus.
Alauda Kolbyi.

Mirafra javanica.
Micrastur xanthothorax.
Polyboroides radiatus.
Accipiter badius.
Megalaima versicolor,
Nyctiornis amicta.
Synallaxis phryganophila,
Synallaxis setaria.
Leptoptilus javanicus.
Astur unicinctus.
Accipiter monogrammicus.
Megalaima mystacophanos.
Nothura nana,

Mellisuga melanoleuca.

Phodilus badius.
Elanus leucurus.
Sericulus mellinus.
Harpactes Temminckii.
Graculus Linnei.
Chelidoptera tenebrosa.
Monasa rubecula.

Faleo biarmicus.
Poliornis poliogenys.
Priotelus temnurus.
Picathartes gymnocephalus.

Caccabis Heyii.

Hypotriorchis concolor,
Liemetis tenuirostris.
Ithaginis cruentus.
Pitta strepitans,
Monarcha velata.
Melithreptus lunatus.
Climacteris mystacalis.
Accipiter badius.
Temnurus truncatus.
Conurus cruentatus.

‘
Pterocles coronatus.

Chamzpelia venusta.
(Ena capensis.

Ibycter ater.
Hypotriorchis femoralis.
Athene passerinoides.
Pterocles senegalus.
Halcyon concreta.

Nectarinia metallica.

Nectarinia solaris.
Faleo deiroleucus.
Pheenicophzus calyorhynebus.

Rollulus cristatus.
Tantalus lacteus.
Formiciyora malura.

Pterocles exustus.
Pterocles Lichtensteini.
Pteroglossus sulcatus.
Corethrura rubiginosa.

Pyrrhulauda simplex.

Saxicola monacha.
Saxicola deserti.
Pterocles exustus.
Pterocles Lichtensteinii.
Dromas ardeola.
Carpornis cucullata.
Acanthylis gigantea.

“ft = ' Fringilla lutea,

366. Larus leucophthalmus,
367. Indicator albirostris.
368. Procnias alba.
369. Tinamus vermiculatus.
370, Phalaropus Wilsoni.
$71. f. 1. Picumnus minutissimus.
2. Picumnus Temminckii.
3. Sasia abnormis.
372. Calurus resplendens,
373. Syrnium hylophilum.
374. Gallus eneus,
376. f, 1. .
5 Carpodacus synoicus.
376. f = t Nectarinia eximia.
3. Nectarinia Hasseltii.
377. Accipiter tachiro.
378. Campephilus validus.
379. Caprimulgus Isabellinus,
380, Plotus congensis.
381. Numenius borealis,
382. f. 1. Microscelis virescens.
2 Campephaga aurea.
383. Procnias alba,
384. Gecinus mentalis.
385. Cheetops frenatus.
386. (Edicnemus grallarius.
387. Esacus magnirostris.
388. f. 1. Arachnothera chrysogenys.
2. Nectarinia cingalensis.
3. Nectarinia affinis.
389, Hemilophus Macklotii:
390. Dendrobates percussus.
391, Halcyon melanorhyncha,
392, Zoothera andromeda.
393. Certhilauda desertorum.
394. f. 1. Pardalotus striatus.
2, Diceum percussum.
395. Ptilonorhynchus holosericeus
396. Ptilonorhynchus Smithii.
897. Acanthylis ? senex.
398. Caprimulgus eximius.
399. Glareola lactea,
apes = Carpodacus Payraudei.
401. Cissa thalassina,
402. Campephilus validus,
403. Gallinago gigantea.
404. Harpactes ardens.
405. Porphyrio poliocephalus.
406. Biziura lobata.
407. Otogyps auricularis.
408, Sarcoramphus gryphus,
409. Turdus rubripes.
410. Eurostopodus albogularis.
411. Megapodius rubripes.
412. Rhynchotis rufescens.
413. Corvus nasicus.
414. Oxylophus glandarius,
415. Tinamus tatuapa.
416. Procellaria hesitata.
417. Corethrura fasciata.
418. f. 1. Monarcha trivirgata.
2. Monarcha carinata,
419. Pheenicopterus parvus.
420, Accipiter tachiro.
421, Porphyrio indicus,
422. Ptilonorhynchus holosericeus,
423. Gecinus puniceus.
424, Dendrobates percussus.
425. Corvus splendens,
426. Vultur imperialis.
427. Sterna melanauchen.
on i Orthonyx spinicauda.
430. f. 1. Monarcha alecto,
2, Monarcha cinerascens,
431. Gypaetus barbatus.
432. Strix perlata.
433. Colaptes superciliaris.
434. Hydrochelidon melanogaster.
435. Meliphaga leucotis.
436. Psilorhinus gubernatrix.
437 Buteo lacernulatus.
438, Poliornis liventer,

PLANCHES COLORIEES.

=
BO eC as

2,

—m

Fa
Sah

Cyanocorax ultramarinus.
Coua Delalandii.

Mimus curvirostris.
Timalia gularis ?
Macronus pyrrhogenys.
Pomatorhinus trivirgatus,
Pica albicollis.

Turdus citrinus,

Textor alector.

Coturnix cambaiensis.

Brachypteryx leucophrys,
Macronus epilepidotus,
Macronus grammiceps.
Grus leucauchen,
Ampelis japonica.
Melanerpes formicivorus.
Ptilogonys cinereus.
Campephaga chalcocephala,
Pycnonotus squamatus.
Turnix varius.

Turnix Dussumieri.
Aquila nevioides,
Diomedea melanophrys.
Psittacirostra psittacea.
Turdus interpres.

Larus ecrassirostris.
Cypselus pygargus.

Macropteryx ? ambrosiacus,

Cireus maurus.
Perdix torqueola,

Parra gallinacea.
Buphaga erythrorhyncha.
Drymoiea gracilis,
Drymoica clamans.
Drymoica polychroa,
Grus leucogeranus.
Diomedea chlororhyncha.
Diomedea fuliginosa.
Niltava ecyanomelana.
Moho niger.

Saxicola pallida.

Saxicola bifasciata.
Campephilus sumptuosus,
Ardea goliath,

Ardea typhon.

Trena puella,

Francolinus Levaillantii.
Diceum chrysorrheum,
Diczum sanguinolentum.
Diceum trigonostigma.
Falco peregrinoides.
Larus Audouini.
Geronticus melanocephalus,
Cacicus melanicterus.
Gallus varius,

Phyllornis aurifrons,
Phyllornis cochinchinensis.
Phasianus Reeyvesii.
Phasianus versicolor.

Phasianus Scemmeringii.

Haliaetus pelagicus.
Capito margariticus.
Psittacula Hueti.
Psittacus Pretrei.
Phasianus versicolor.
Sarcoramphus gryphus.
Astur atricapillus. _
Accipiter rufiventris.
Microscelis amaurotis.
Mimus cerulescens.
Oriolus sanguinolentus,
Amadina striata.
Amadina punctularia,
Amadina ferruginea.
Hemilophus lJeucogaster.
Columba auraucana,
Carpophaga janthina.
Larus melanorhynchus.
Chettusia cucullata,
Pitta granatina.
Lophophorus Impeyanus.
Haleyon lazuli,

Chionis alba.

Tringa subarquata,

Pl

——————==a=_ i OEE OOOO

511. Ibis guarauna.
512. f. 1. Phyllornis eyanopogon,
2. Phyllornis malabarica.
513, Lophophorus Impeyanus.
514, Turdus eunomus,
515. Turdus daulias,
516. Eupetes macrocercus.
517. Pelecanoides Berardii.
518 Turdus cardis,
519. Polyplectron chaleurum,
520. Buceros galeritus.
521. f.1. Buceros elatus,
2. Buceros cylindricus,
522, Megalaima corvina.
523. Ortygometra cinerea,
524, Megalaima Oorti.
525. Syrnium? leptogrammicum,
526. Hoplopterus armatus,
527. Megalaima faiostriata.
528, Prion vyittata.
529, Buceros malayanus.
530, Buceros convexus.
osi. Buceros corrugatus,
532, Eupodotis cerulescens,
533; Eupodotis aurita.
534, Enicurus ruficapillus.
535. Buceros corrugatus.
536. f. 1, Megalaima frontalis.
2. Megalaima chrysocoma.
537. Turdus chrysolaus.
538. Carpococeyx radiceus.
539. Polyplectron thibetanus,
540. Polyplectron Napoleonis,
541. Harpactes Diardi
542. f. 1, Indicator archipelagicus,
2. Indicator minor.
545. ; Ceriornis Lathami
544, :
545. Pucratia macrolopha.
546, Buceros rhinoceros.
547. Pitta Macklotii,
548. Ceryle guttata.
549, Treron Sieboldtii.
550. Turtur meena.
551. Geronticus Nippon,
552. Macropygia modesta.
553. f, 1. Coriphilus platensis,
2. J
554. Diomedea brachyura.
Dds Grus monacha.
556. Sturnus cinerascens.
557. Buceros ruficollis.
558. Buceros atratus.
559. Ptilonopus perlatus.
560. Macropygia leptogrammica.
561. Macropygia ruficeps.
562. Carpophaga metallica.
563. Carpophaga cineracea,
564, Ptilonopus pulchellus,
565. Ptilonopus naina,
566. Carpophaga Mulleri.
567. Coriphilus iris.
568. Coriphilus euteles.
569. Eos scintillata.
570. f. . Erythacus komadori.
571. f. eg Erythacus akahige.
572, Cracticus gymnocephalus.
bass Eupetes Ajax.
574, Eupetes cexrulescens.
ios Cissa buccoides.
576. Eupodotis Vigorsii.
577. f. 1. Muscicapa narcissina.
2. Muscicapa mugimaki,
578. Carpophaga rosacea.
579. Brachyrhamphus Temminckii
580. Emberiza personata.
581. Nycticorax limnophilax.
582. Nycticorax goisagi.
583. f. 1. Emberiza elegans.
2. Emberiza variabilis,
pene oa Tchitrea princeps,
585. Gecinus awokera.
586 Halcyon pulchella,
587 Puffinus leucomelas.

LEVAILLANT, OISEAUX D’AFRIQUE.

39

Py

1Bh

588. f. 1.

589.

590.
591.
592.
523.

:

PeraAmsyeryo

2.
f. 1.

f, 1.

pe al,

Fringilla sinica.
Passer rutilans.
Pteruthius flaviscapis,
Pteruthius znobarbus.
Pitta venusta.

Pitta Irena.

Pi.

Telophorus leucogrammicus.

Timalia maculata.
Timalia poliocephala.

Aquila bellicosa.
Spizaetus occipitalis.
Spizaetus albescens,
Haliaetus vocifer.
Pontoaetus leucogaster.
Aquila vulturina.

Helotarsus ecaudatus.

Otogyps auricularis.
Gyps fulvus.

Gyps bengalensis.
Vultur occipitalis.
Sarcoramphus papa.
Neophron perenopterus,
Cireaetus bacha.

Buteo jackal.
Tinnunculus desertorum.
Archibuteo lagopus.
Pernis apivorus.
Morphnus nigricollis.
Morphnus buson.

Milvus parasiticus.
Cireus ranivorus.
Accipiter tachiro.
Serpentarius reptilivorus,
Spizaetus ornatus.
Melierax canorus.

Falco frontalis.
Hypotriorchis tibialis.
Hypotriorchis chicquera.
Cireus acoli.

Cireus melanoleucus,
Accipiter gabar.
Accipiter minullus.
Tinnunculus rupicolus.

Elanus melanopterus.

Surnia choucou.
Surnia nisuella,

Bubo capensis,
Athene lineata,
Athene torquata.
Ephialtes cristata.
Syrnium personatum.
Nyctea nivea.

Athene pusilla,

Nyctibius forficatus.

Caprimulgus pectoralis.
Corvus ecafer.

Corvus major,

Corvus capensis,
Corvus scapulatus.
Ptilostomus senegalensis.
Ptilostomus rufigaster.
Crypsirina varia.
Psilorhinus sinensis.
Pica cyanea,
Temnurus rufus.
Cissopis Leverianus.

Lanius collaris.

Enneoctonus rufus.
Enneoctonus collurio.
Laniarius mystaceus.
Lanius pendens,

Enneoctonus superciliosus.

Telophorus zeylonus.
Laniarius bouboul,

594. f.

595m

596. f.

597.

1. Macronus ptilosus.

2. Timalia nigricollis,

1. Aleyone lepida.

2. Aleyone solitaria,

3. Aleyone pusilla.

1. Tchitrea pyrrhoptera.

2. Niltava elegans.
Psilopogon pyrolophus,

Pl. 598.

Levaillant, Histoire Naturelle des Oiseaux @ Afrique.

Pl

_

Laniarius barbarus,
Telophorus erythropterus.
Nilaus capensis.
Laniarius cubla.
Laniarius bicolor,
Laniarius silens.

} Laniarius olivaceus,

2. Cyclorhis guianensis,

1. Thamnophilus nevius.

2. Thamnophilus doliatus,
Lanius corvinus.
Sparactes cristatus Vieill. (?)

Prionops plumatus.
Pyrrhocorax ? crinitus.
Juida morio.

Juida splendida,

Juida ornata,

Juida znea.

Juida bicolor.

Juida pheenicoptera,
Juida ptilonorhynchus,
Juida nabouroup.

Prosthemadera nove-zealandiz.

Dilophus carunculatus.

1. Hetzrornis pagodarum,

2, Heterornis ginginiana.
Pastor roseus.
Buphaga africana.

Turdus olivaceus.

Turdus rupestris.

Turdus explorator.
Bessonornis vociferans,
Pycnonotus capensis.

1, Pyenonotus nigricans.

2, Andropadus importunus,

1. Pyenonotus cafer.

2. Pyenonotus aurigaster.
Turdus? nigricapillus.
Copsychus saularis.
Copsychus ? pectoralis.
Bessonornis phoenicurus.

. 1, Phyllastrephus capensis.

2. Drymoica africana.
Copsychus atricollis.
Copsychus macrourus.
Pachycephala gutturalis.
Meliphaga phrygia.
Copsychus melanicterus.
Aedon leucophrys.
Bessonornis auraticollis.
Drymoiea coriphza.
Calamodyta babecula.
2. Calamodyta beticula.
Drymoica brachyptera.
Drymoica thoracica.
Drymoica fulvyicapilla.
Drymoieca brachyura.
Parisoma subeeruleum.
Drymoica subflava.
Drymoica diophrys.

1 i Drymoiea maculosa,

Pl 180; £2.
131.
132.
133.
134.
135.
136.
USiewss

Eurylaimus Dalhousie.
Orthotomus sepium,
Orthotomus edela.
Orthotomus cucullatus.

Diczum thoracicum.

Diczeum maculatum.
Parus exilis,

Stipiturus malachurus ?
Drymoica textrix.
Zosterops madagascariensis.
Drymoica oxyura.
Drymoica minuta,
Drymoica? rufescens.
Diczum rubescens.

Parus niger.

Parus cinerascens,

Parus fuseus.

Parus atriceps.

Parus monachus.

Tora ceylonica,

Tchitrea borbonica.
Tchitrea borbonica, nest of.

Tchitrea paradisea.

Tchitrea holosericea.
Tchitrea mutata.
Tchitrea nebulosa,
Tchitrea torquata.
Tchitrea cyanomelas.
Rhipidura perspicillata.
Myiagra azurea.
Platysteira scita,
Pericrocotus peregrinus.
Pericrocotus? subflavus,
Muscieapa No. 23.
Muscicapa stellata.
Niltava azurea.
Platysteira monacha.
Platysteira pistrinasia,
Platysteira pririt.

Campephaga cesia.

Campephaga pheenicea.
Campephaga nigra.
Dicrurus forficatus.

Dicrurus musicus.

Dicrurus mystaceus.
Dierurus leucophzus.
Dicrurus leucogaster.
Dicrurus ezrulescens ?
Dicrurus lophorinus.
Dicrurus macrocercus.
Dicrurus malabaricus.
Chaptia zenea.
Motacilla capensis ?
Motacilla capensis.
Motacilla indica.
Pratincola rubicola.

Saxicola pileata.

Saxicola explorator.
Saxicola cinerea.

Saxicola monticola.

Saxicola formicivora.

Thamnobia rufiventris.
Thamnobia ptymatura.
Saxicola nigra.
Saxicola cursoria.
Melanocorypha nigra.
Certhilauda africana.

l

S

Ss

So

So

S

S

Pi.

to b

to b

to Wb
Se]

to
ue

HNN dw HH

ryt
“2

Dp

—~ on Sem

3a een oem

Alauda crassirostris,
Megalophonus apiatus,
Anthus capensis,

Anthus flavigaster.
Megalophonus pyrrhonotus.
Megalophonus rufipileus,
Megalophonus cinereus ?

Cuculus gularis,

Cuculus canorus.
Cuculus capensis.

Oxylophus serratus.
Oxylophus afer.
Cuculus cupreus,

Cuculus Klasii.
Oxylophus coromandus.
Eudynamys orientalis ?
Cuculus ereus
Eudynamys maculatus ?
Coua cristata

Coua cerulea.
Centropus senegalensis.
Centropus nigrorufus,
Centropus rufinus,
Centropus ethiops.
Centropus variegatus.

Pheenicopheus pyrrhocephalus.

Pheenicopheus curvirostris,

Leptosomus afer.
Apaloderma narina.

Bucorvus abyssinicus.

Ara macao.

Ara aracanga.
Ara ararauna,
Ara militaris.

Ara tricolor.

Ara militaris.

Ara makawuanna.

Ara severa.

Microglossum aterrimum.

Conurus pavia.

Conurus cyanopterus.
Conurus vittatus.

Conurus solstitialis.

Conurus luteus.
Conurus smaragdinus.

Palzornis torquatus,

Trichoglossus multicolor.
Trichoglossus cyanogrammus,
Palzornis eyanocephalus.
Trichoglossus eyanogrammus,

Platycercus eximius.

Palzornis Alexandri.
Palzornis pondicerianus.
Pezoporus formosus.
Conurus carolinensis.

Conurus pertinax.
Conurus aureus.

Conurus monachus.
Palzornis torquatus.

LEVAILLANT, PERROQUETS.

Bucorvus abyssinicus,
Buceros fasciatus.

Buceros melanoleucos,

Buceros nasutus.

Buceros erythrorhynchos,
Buceros plicatus.
Buceros hydrocorax.
Indicator major
Indicator minor.
Cypselus melba,
Cypselus leucorhoa.
Cypselus velox.
Hirundo cucullata.
Hirundo rufifrons.
Cotyle fuligula.
Cotyle palustris.
Hirundo cristata,

Dendrobates griseocephalus.
Campethera nubica. ,
Dendrobates namaquas.
Dendrobates fulyiscapus.
Colaptes olivaceus.

Colius striatus.
Colius erythropus.
Colius erythromelas.
Colius nigricollis.
Oriolus auratus.

Oriolus larvatus.

Oriolus melanocephalus,
Columba arquatrix,
Columba guinea.

Levaillant, Histoire Naturelle des Perroquets.

1B

Conurus canicularis,
Conurus aureus.

Palzornis torquatus.

Eos rubra.

Palzornis bengalensis.
Palornis inearnatus.
Trichoglossus hematodus.
Trichoglossus australis.
Platycercus ater.
Euphema discolor.
Eos squamata.
Trichoglossus ornatus.
Eos indica.

Eos cochinsinensis,

Platycercus scapulatus.
Conurus virescens.
Conurus tuipara.

Tanygnathus gala.
Palzornis cyanocephalus ?
Euphemia discolor.
Trichoglossus pusillus ?
Coriphilus solitarius.
Coriphilus notatus.
Coriphilus cyaneus.
Conurus monachus.
Euphema pulchella.
Psittacula batavica.
Conurus tui.
Coriphilus pipilans.
Palzornis longicauda.
Palzornis Alexandri.

Palzornis bengalensis,

Charmosyna papua.

Platycercus Pennantii.

Pl:

. bis.

a a
—m~ V—m ean ee

Ptilonopus madagascariensis.
Ptilonopus nitidissimus.
Turtur risorius.

Peristera larvata.

Turtur senegalensis.
Peristera afra.

Peristera tympanistria.

(Ena capensis,

Treron abyssinica.
Treron australis.
Verrulia carunculata.
Calzenas nicobarica.
Goura coronata.
Starneenas cyanocephala.
Peristera montana.
Chamepelia hottentotta.
Athene perlata.
Laniarius icterus.
Laniarius gutturalis,

Promerops cafer.

Nectarinia famosa.

Nectarinia cardinalis.
Nectarinia violacea.
Nectarinia pulchella.
Nectarinia platura.
Nectarinia amethystina.
Nectarinia splendida.
Necetarinia senegalensis.
Nectarinia fusca,
Nectarinia znea.
Nectarinia pusilla.
Nectarinia collaris,
Nectarinia afra.

Platycercus caledonicus.
Coracopsis nigra.

Tanygnathus macrorhynchus,
Chrysotis ochrocephalus,
Chrysotis farinosus.
Chrysotis ochropterus.
Chrysotis ochrocephalus.

Chrysotis festivus.

Chrysotis ochrocephalus.
Chrysotis Dufresnianus.
Chrysotis farinosus.

Eos rubra.

Lorius domicella.

Lorius garrulus.
Lorius czruleatus.

bis. ; Chrysotis ochropterus.

Psittacus erythacus,

Psittacus sordidus.
Psittacus agilis
Chrysotis brasiliensis.

Psittacus leucocephalus.

Psittacus vittatus.
Psittacus leucocephalus.
Chrysotis amazonicus.
Chrysotis autumnalis.
Psittacula batavensis.

Psittacus menstruus.

LEVAILLANT, OISEAUX DE PARADIS, ETC.

Pi.

-

ie
PONE OOBAAAR YD
en eee een

a
Ko

Rarteu:

— eee
SHE SOMIAMS YE

re

eens Oe ees

Psittacus violaceus.

Psittacus senegalus.

Psittacus melanocephalus.

Eclectus gramineus.
Chrysotis havanensis.
Lorius tricolor

Lorius tricolor.
Eos unicolor.

Eclectus ceylonensis.

Chrysotis festivus.

Psittacus Levaillantii.

Py 1325

133.
134.
135.
136.
137.
138.
139.

Eclectus polychloros.
Psittacus histrio.
Psittacula barrabandi.
Chrysotis Bouqueti.
Eos cervialis.

Ps, amazonicus var.
Psittacus aureus.
Coracopsis muscarina.

Levaillant, Histoire Naturelle des Oiseaux de Paradis et des Rolliers, &c.

VOL

Paradisea apoda.
e
Paradisea papuana.

Paradisea rubra.

Paradisea regia.
Paradisea speciosa.
Paradisea sexpennis.
Paradisea atra.

Epimachus albus.

Oriolus aureus.

Astrapia nigra,

Phonygama viridis,
Strepera graculina.
Coracias caudata.
Coracias cyanogaster.

Coraeias indica,
Campephaga melanops.
Coracias viridis.
Coracias garrula.

Eurystomus madagascariensis.
Eurystomus afer.
Eurystomus orientalis.

Momotus brasiliensis,

Levaillant,

Promenrors.

Irrisor erythrorhynchos.

Trrisor melanorhynchos.
Irrisor cyanomelas.
Trrisor indicus.

Trrisor caudacutus.
Irrisor sibilator,

Irrisor lamprolophos,

Epimachus speciosus.

Epimachus magnificus.
Epimachus albus.
Upupa varia.

Drepanis pacifica,

Tichodroma muraria.

Upupa epops.
Upupa monolophos.
Dendrocolaptes longirostris.

Pl

Sanam

CANA MA ON

10.

Momotus ruficapillus.
Garrulus glandarius

Lophocitta galericulata.
Garrulax shanhu.
Cyanocorax melanogaster.
Cyanocorax cristatus.
Cyanocorax Yneas.
Perisoreus infaustus.
Perisoreus ferrugineus.

Ampelis garrulus.

Ampelis cedrorum.
Rupicola crocea.
Rupicola peruyiana.

Nucifraga caryocatactes.
Eurystomus gularis.

VOL, IT.

Ramphastos ‘Toco.

Ramphastos erythrorhynchos.

Ramphastos Forsterorum.
Ramphastos maximus.
Ramphastos vitellinus
Ramphastos dicolorus,
Ramphastos tocard,
Pteroglossus aracari.

Pteroglossus pluricinetus,

Pteroglossus piperivorus,
Pteroglossus maculirostris.
Pteroglossus viridis.

Pteroglossus Bailloni.

Pl. 19.
20.

Histoire Naturelle des Promerops et des Guepiers.

1B

25.
26.
27.
28.
O16 Le

Si fade

Part II.

Dendrocolaptes cyanotis.
Dendrocolaptes cayanensis.
Dendrocolaptes picus.
Dendrocincla fumigatus.
Certhia familiaris.
Picolaptes No. 13.
Dendrocolaptes guttatus.
Sittasomus erythacus,
Xenops genibarbis.

Capito Vaillantii.

GUEPIERS.

Merops apiaster.

Merops nubicus.
Merops ornatus,
Merops bicolor.

Merops xgyptius.
Melittophagus

Merops albicollis.
Merops viridis.
Merops citrinella.
Merops badius.

No. 3.
Melittophagus hirundinaceus.

Pi 13:

Part ITI.
Pl.

~~

SEI EY GoD ESI 1S) 5

Laimodon dubius.
Megalaima virens.

Megalaima asiatica.

Capito erythrocephalus.

Capito nevius.

Capito erythrocephalus.
Capito peruvianus.
Laimodon nigrothorax.

Laimodon leucomelas.

Megalaima barbatula.
Megalaima rosea.
Capito maynanensis.
Megalaima rubricollis.
Megalaima philippensis,
Capito cinctus,
Laimodon bidentatus.
Megalaima caniceps.
Bucco macrorhynchus,
Bucco tectus.

Bucco tamatia.

Bucco collaris.
Monasa fusea.

Monasa atra.

Chelidoptera tenebrosa,
Galbula viridis.

Galbula ruficauda.
Galbula albirostris.
Galbula paradisea.
Jacamerops Boersii.
Jacamerops grandis.
Megalaima flavifrons.
Megalaima rosea ?
Megalaima atroflava.

Merops badius. (?)

Merops philippinus.

Merops quinticolor.

Merops zgyptius.
Melittophagus erythropterus.
Merops Leschenaultii.
Merops superciliosus.
Melittophagus Bullockii.

Covroucous et Touracos.

Trogon curucui.

Trogon viridis.

Trogon Leverianus,
Trogon collaris.

Trogon atricollis.
Trogon lepturus.
Apaloderma narina.

Harpactes gigas.
Trogon roseigaster.
Harpactes rutilus.

2 EDWARDS, BIRDS, ETC.
Pl. 15. Trogon atricollis, Surriement, Pl. E. Capito aurovirens.
16. Turacus albocristatus, Pl. A. Pteroglossus Azare, F. Bucco maculatus.
17. Turacus purpureus. AA, Pteroglossus maculirostris, G. Coracias Temminckii.
18. Musophaga violacea, B. Momotus Levaillantii. H. Galbula leucogaster.
19. Turacus giganteus, C. Megalaima javanensis. K Laimodon bidentatus.
20, Schizorhis africana, D. Laimodon Vieillotii. L. Galbula tridactyla,
Levaillant, Histoire Naturelle @une Partie d’ Oiseaux nouveaux et rares de Vv Amérique et des Indes.
Pleo: Pl. 34.
VOL. I. i} Buceros Panini. xb Cotinga ccerulea.
18. 36.
» a

FL “ Buceros rhinoceros. oy Buceros, violaceus, a i Pheenicircus carnifex,
3. 21 Buceros plicatus, LN? Le een
4. } Buceros bicornis. 22. ‘ 40. i Procnias nivea.

5. 23. Buceros gingalensis. 41. : .

6. Buceros hydrocorax, 24, Teoaiiehgnches corniculatus, 42. t acc

ar 3 .

8. { Buceros bicornis. a Querula militaris, ha preity

9. 27. 45. G 4
10. at , 46. ymnoderus feetidus.
11. Buceros coronatus. 99. Cotinga cayana. 47.
12. 30. | 48. i Querula cruenta.
1S. Buceros rhinoceros. SI: 49. Gymnocephalus calvus.
14. Buceros pica. 32. Cotinga pompadora.
15. Buceros ginginianus, 33.

Edwards, Natural History of uncommon Birds, §c., and Gleanings of Natural History.

Pl. 1. Aquila chrysaetos. Pl 432 Amadina sinensis. Pl. 90. f. 1. Procellaria capensis.
2, Sarcoramphus papa. 44. Fringilla mexicana. 2. Thalassidroma pelagica.
S; Fal “Bh 45. Grus antigone. Gye Arctica alle.

4. SEAS J Ee NS 46. Phalaropus hyperboreus. 92, Pelecanus onocrotalus,
5. Coracopsis nigra. 47. Hoplopterus persicus. 93. Pelecanus fuscus.
6. Psittacula indica. 48. Parra jacana. 94, Spheniseus demersus.
16 Turacus persa. 49. Eudyptes chrysocome. 95. Mergus serrator.
8. Halcyon fusca, 50. Uria grylle. 96. f. 1. Podiceps cornutus.
9. Ceryle rudis, 53. Buteo borealis, 2. Podiceps auritus.
10. Galbula paradisea. 54. Enneoctonus lucionensis. 97. Colymbus septentrionalis.
11. Alcedo bengalensis. DBs Paroides biarmicus. 98. Somateria mollissima.
2, Eupodotis arabs. 56. Dicrurus cerulescens. 99. Clangula histrionica.
13. Penelope cristata. 57. Oxylophus glandarius. 100. Clangula albeola.
14, Chaleophaps indica. 58. Eudynamys niger. 101. Aix sponsa.
15. Ectopistes marginatus. 59; Eudynamys orientalis. 102. Aix galericulata.
16. Geopelia striata. 60. Bubo virginianus. 105. Trochilus minimus (?)
Wee Gracula religiosa. 61. Nyctea nivea. 106. Gypaetus barbatus.
18. Turdus eyaneus. 62. Surnia ulula. 107. Cireus eyaneus.
19. Hetzrornis cristatella. 63. Chordeiles virginianus. 108. Hierax cerulescens.
20. Pastor roseus. 64. Ramphastos piscivorus. 109. Coracias garrulus. |
21. f. 1. Czreba cerulea, 65. Gecinus canus. 110. Paradisea apoda.
f. 2. Pipra erythrocephala. 66. Gallophasis nycthemerus. aie Paradisea regia.
22. Tanagrella velia. 67. Polyplectron bicalearatum. 112. Oriolus aureus.
2. Calliste gyrola. 68. Thaumalea picta. 113. Tchitrea paradisea.
24. Sialia Wilsoni. 69. f. 1. Polyplectron bicalcaratum. 114. Apternus arcticus.
25: Daenis atricapillus. 2. ‘Thaumalea picta. 115. Ceryle aleyon.
26. Nectarinia affinis ? 7 Caccabis petrosa. 116. Ceriornis Lathami.
27 Cypselus melba. 71. Tetrao canadensis. 117. Tetrao phasianellus.
28. Cyanecula suecica. a2, Lagopus albus. 118. Tetrao canadensis.
29. Ruticilla tithys. 73. : 119. Peristera montana.
30. Museicapa atricapilla. 74. } wi 120. Progne purpurea.
$1. f. 1. Saxicola stapazina. 15. Columba guinea. 121, f. 1. Mniotilta calidris.
2. Saxicola aurita. 76. Zenaida leucoptera. 2. Todus viridis.
32. f. 1. Topaza pella. Tile Oriolus madraspatenus. 122. f. 1. Certhiola flaveola.
2. Mellisuga rubra. 78. aa orpheus. 2. Tanagrella ruficollis? ?
33. Mellisuga forficata. 79. ora tiphia. 123. ;
34 Trochilus polytmus. 80. Setoptngs ruticilla, reat Strobilophaga enucleator.
35. f. 1. Topaza mellivora. 81. Diceum coccineum. 125. Pitylus cyaneus.
2. Hylocharis ourissia. 82. Leistes americanus. 126. Plectrophanes nivalis.
SG. £1. Polvtinus Holeseeas SS stud Spermophila bicolor. 127. Spiza dominicana.
2) y ; 7 Pipra aureola. 128. Estrelda melba.
ST. Mellisuga cristata. 84, Crithagra butyracea, 129. Crithagra angolensis,
38. Mellisuga colubris. 85. Agelaius? melancholicus. 130. Spiza ciris.
39. Pheenicireus carnifex. 86. Vidua paradisea. 131. Estrelda benghala.
40. Amadina punctularia. 87. Porphyrio veterum. 132. 5
41. : é 88. Disa exulans. et Grus americanus.
42. i Amadina oryzivora. 89. Puffinus #quinoctialis. 134, Scops virgo.

139. f. 1.
2.

149. f. 1.
2.

— do

EDWARDS, BIRDS, ETC.

Ardea Herodias.
Botaurus lentiginosus.
Limosa fedoa.

Limosa hudsonica.
Limosa alba.
Recurvirostra americana? yar.
Charadrius pluvialis.
Cinclus interpres.
Phalaropus fulicarius.
Phalaropus hyperboreus.
Ortygometra carolina.
Podiceps cornutus.
Colymbus arcticus.

Alea impennis.

Stercorarius parasiticus.

Phezton candidus.
Cygnus ferus.

Bernicla canadensis.
Anser hyperboreus.
Anser erythropus.
Somateria spectabilis.
Oidemia perspicillata.
Harelda glacialis.
Clangula histrionica.
Ara aracanga,

Ara ararauna.

Cacatua moluccensis.
Chrysotis brasiliensis.
Chrysotis zstivus.
Psittacus erythacus,
Chrysotis autumnalis.
Psittacus ? accipitrinus.
Psittacus leucocephalus.
Psittacus sordidus.
Psittacus agilis.
Psittacus melanocephalus.
Lorius tricolor,

Lorius domicella.
Lorius garrulus.

Eos rubra.

Eos ornata.

Palzornis torquatus.
Conurus canicularis.
Conurus zruginosus.
Ploceus oryx.

Amadina cana.

Estrilda astrild.
Amadina erythrocephala.
Copsychus saularis.
Brachypternis aurantius.
Merops viridis ?
Garrulax sinensis.
Oriolus galbula.
Oriolus madraspatensis.
Sturnopastor contra.
Coccothraustes vulgaris.
Ploceus bengalensis.
Pycnonotus cafer.
Estrelda granatina.
Balerica payonina.
Dendrocygna arborea.
Dendrocygna autumnalis.
Aquila coronata.

Circus cyaneus.
Thamnophilus doliatus,
Bubo maximus.
Athene noctua,.

Ara severa.

Chrysotis Bouqueti.
Eclectus polychloris.
Trichoglossus hamatodus.
Palzornis bengalensis.
Conurus pertinax,
Conurus aureus.
Psittacula passerina.
Palzornis incarnatus,
Psittacula pullaria,

Jah DEA 1e er
238.
2395 le

Ds
240.
241.
242.
243.
244.
245.
246.
247.
248.
249.
250.
251.
252. £. 1.
2.
253.
254. f. 1.
2.
255.
256. f. 1.
2.
ie 1b ale
Py.
258.
259.
260. f. 1.
2.
261. f. 1.
2.
262. f. 1.
2.
263. f: 1.
2.
264. f. 1.
2.
265. f. 1.
2
266. f. 1.
2.
267.
268.
269.
DON fs Ve
2.
rile 1% de
2.
272. f. Ve
2.
273. f. 1.
2.
274.
275.
276.
Diitele
2.
278. f. 1.
2.
279.
280. f. 1.
2.
281. A.
B.
c:
iD}.
290.
2910, £1:
2.
292. f. 1.
oF
295 .k. le
y),
294.
295. f. 1.
2.
296.

Trichas marilandicus.
Ramphastos erythrorhynchos,
Cyanocorax cristatus.
Pyranga estiva.
Nucifraga caryocatactes.
Cotinga cerulea.
Ampelis cedrorum.
Icterus xanthornis,
Centurus radiolatus.
Ceryle superciliosa.
Francolinus vulgaris,
Coturnix chinensis.
Bonasa umbellus.
Pterocles alchata.
Eupodotis bengalensis.
Otis tetrax.

Enicocinela aurocapilla.
Mniotilta canadensis.
Vireo altiloquus.
Regulus satrapa ?
Regulus calendula.
Mniotilta maculosa,
Mniotilta petechia.
Polytmus lencurus.
Setophaga ruticilla.
Mniotilta tigrina.
Motacilla flava.
Motacilla boarula.
Pipra manacus.

Pipra leucocilla.

Pipra pareola.

Pipra aureola.

Calliste punctata.
Todirostrum cinereum.
Euphonia violacea.
Dacnis cayanus.

Czreba cyanea.
Rupicola crocea.
Nectarinia lotentia.
Nectarinia mabrattensis.
Polytmus jugularis.
Mellisuga ?
Ramphopis jacapa.
Melanocorypha calandra.
Passer montanus.
Vidua principalis.
Fringilla obscura.
Fringilla crispa.
Ploceus sanguirostris.
Amadina indica.
Estrelda melba.

Spiza ciris.

Spiza cyanea.

Fringilla tristis.

Ardea minuta.

Tringa canutus.
Tringoides macularia.
Mniotilta pinus.
Ortygometra jamaicensis.
Sylvia trochilus var. Lath. (?)
Rallus virginianus.
Harelda glacialis.
Hoplopterus persicus.
Rhyncops nigra.
Buceros rhinoceros,
Buceros scutata.
Buceros pica.

Vultur monachus.
Circus zruginosus.
Dolichonyx oryzivorus.
Palzornis Alexandri.
Palzornis eyanocephalus.
Psittacula galgulus.
Conurus tiupara,

Didus ineptus.

Crax globulosa.

Pauxi galeata.

Turdus brunneus ?

300. f. 1.
2.

$52. f. 1.
2.

353.

Soar. 1s

Anthus ludovicianus.
Mniotilta coronata.
Mniotilta chrysoptera.
Mniotilta virens.
Mniotilta varia.
Mniotilta pennsylvanica.
Culicivora czrulea.
Loxia curvirostra.
Zonotrichia albicollis,
Mniotilta vermivora.
Amadina maia.

Tiaris jacarina.
Numenius phzopus.
Phalaropus hyperboreus.
Atagen aquila.

Ara militaris.

Psittacus menstruus.
Psittacus violaceus.
Microglossum aterrimum.
Cacatua sulphurea.
Tznioptera nengeta.
Cacicus persicus.
Juida nitens,
Telophorus zeylonus.
Xanthornus cayanensis.
Chrysomus icterocephalus.
Pitta abdominalis.
Tchitrea paradisea.
Coracias indica.
Coracias caudata
Momotus brasiliensis.
Ramphastos piscivorus.
Pteroglossus piperivorus.
Trogon atricollis.
Celeus undatus.

Capito erythrocephalus.
Galbula viridis.

Ceryle inda.

Alcedo vintsioides.
Turkey-pheasant.
Goura coronata.
Calznas nicobarica.
Cotinga cincta.

Cotinga pompadora.
Leistes americanus.
Pyranga rubra.
Dasycephala? albifrons.
Mellisuga moschita.
Upupa epops.
Formicivora nevia.
Nectarinia afra.

Cereba cxrulea ?
Fluvicola pica.

Daenis atricapillus. ,
Calliste tatao.

Calliste mexicana.
Tanagra virens.
Nemosia guira.
Fringilla brasiliensis
Spermophila angolensis.
Spermophila ? violacea.
Zonotrichia iliaea ?
Estrelda astrild.
Estrelda amandava.
Amadina malacca.

Ibis rubra.

Parra jacana.
Fratercula arctica

Alea torda.

Puffinus anglorum.
Uria troile.

Hylocharis eyanogenys.
Podiceps cristatus.
Mergus cucullatus.
Tichodroma muraria.
Amadina nitens,
Spermophila gutturalis.
Certhiola flaveola.

At

VIEILLOT, OISEAUX DORES, BTC.

El

Jeb

oS

b

<-)

IAA»

&

—~ ee

fe)

wo 0 &
nN “

eNwrtenb bd
SOC OFS

“5
we

gu yp tom

J

Vieillot et Audebert, Histoire Naturelle des Oiseaux dorés, &c.

Topaza pella,

Polytmus jugularis.
Polytmus longipennis.
Polytmus holosericeus,

Polytmus mango.

Polytmus dominicus,

Polytmus mango ?

Polytmus margaritaceus,
ei >

Hylocharis elegans.
Polytmus viridis.
Polytmus margaritaceus.
Phetornis malaris.
Phetornis superciliosus.
Polytmus hirsutus.
Polytmus largipennis.
Topaza fimbriata,
Topaza mellivora.
Topaza fimbriata.

Heliothrix auritus.
Mellisuga rubinea.

Mellisuga moscbita.

Mellisuga colubris.

Polytmus fureatus.
Ilylocharis sapphirina.
Hylocharis bicolor,

Hylocharis ourissia.

Polytmus mellisuga.
Hylocharis cerulea,
Polytmus viridis.
Polytmus — (51.)
Polytmus mellisugus.
Polytmus dominicus.
Hylocharis albirostris.
Mellisuga rubinea.

Mellisuga cristata.

Mellisuga ornata.

Mellisuga longicauda.
Hylocharis nigra.

Mellisuga moschita,

Hylocharis Wagleri.
Hylocharis sapphirina.
Mellisuga longirostris,
Mellisuga forficata.

Mellisuga rubra.

Mellisuga exilis.
Trochilus minimus ?
Polytmus holosericeus.
Polytmus re
Trochilus polytmus.

Pi.

Pi.

Pi.

JAE

68.
69.
70.

——7

AAR WOE
——

wr

.
—m~

OW RNAAH:

PHIAAA WL
(ep

Polytmus hirsutus.
Polytmus multicolor,
Polytmus dominicus.

Galbula viridis.
Galbula paradisea.
Galbula albirostris.

Jaucamerops grandis,

Upupa epops.

Upupa minor,

Upupa varia.
Promerops cafer.
Drepanis 2
Irrisor erythrorhynehus,

Epimachus speciosus.

Trrisor indicus.

Nectarinia splendens.

Necetarinia angladiana.

Nectarinia amethystina.
Nectarinia eyanocephala.
Nectarinia senegalensis.

Nectarinia afra.
Nectarinia lotentia.
Nectarinia mahrattensis.

Neetarinia chalybea.

Nectarinia ?

Nectarinia zeylonica.
Necetarinia souimanga.

Nectarinia fuliginosa.

Nectarinia superba.
Nectarinia cuprea.
Nectarinia bifasciata.
Nectarinia vertialis.
Nectarinia souimanga ?
Nectarinia ?
Nectarinia cuprea ?
Zosterops borbonica?

Necetarinia jugularis.

Nectarinia affinis.

Nectarinia virescens.
Diczum coccineum.
Diczum rubescens ?

Nectarinia famosa,

Nectarinia violacea.
Nectarinia pulchella.

Py

BE

41.
42.

PRAAAAYYS

|
Al
}

Careba cyanea,
Cereba cerulea.

Daenis atricapillus.

Tric':as marylandicus.
Certhiola flaveola.

Drepanis coccinea.

Diceum rubrum,

Meliphaga australasiana,
Acanthorhynchus tenuirostris?
Meliphaga nove hollandiz,
Myzomela sanguinolenta.
Myzomela guttata.
Acanthorhynchus tenuirostris.
Melithreptes lunatus.
Synallaxis? cinnamomea,
Drepanis pacifica,

Anthornis melanura.
Glyciphila ? fusea,

Drepanis sanguinea.

Meliphaga carunculata.

Meliphaga sericea.

Certhia familiaris.
Tichodroma muraria.
Mniotilta varia.

Neetarinia rectirostris.
Dendrocolaptes cayanensis.

Phyllornis cochinchinensis.

Neetarinia venusta.
Nectarinia chalybea.
Nectarinia zeylonica.
Nectarinia splendida.
Zosterops lateralis.
Meliphaga chrysotis.
Meliphaga auricomis.
Glyciphila melanops.
Tropidorhynchus cyanotis.
Anthochera mellivora.

Paradisea apoda.
Paradisea papuana.
Paradisea rubra.
Paradisea speciosa. -
Paradisea regia.
Paradisea sexpennis.
Paradisea atra.

Astrapia nigra.
Phonygama viridis.
Oriolus aureus.

Epimachus albus.

Menura superba.

Vieillot, Histoire Naturelle des plus beaux Oiseaux Chanteurs de la Zone Torride, &c.

Estrelda amandava.

Amadina castanotis. }
Estrelda viridis.
Estrelda benghala.

6
Te
8.
9.
0

Estrelda cinerea. Pl.
Estrelda melpoda.

Estrelda cxrulescens.

Estrelda senegala.

Estrelda minima.

Estrelda musica.
Estrelda astrild.
Estrelda rubriventris.
Estrelda erythronota.
Amadina temporalis.

VIEILLOT, OISEAUX CHANTEURS, ETC.

Pi.

Estrelda frontalis.
Estrelda granatina,

Estrelda bicolor.
Amadina prasina.
Amadina nitens.

Ploceus sanguinirostris,
Estrelda speciosa.

Amadina guttata.
Euspiza melanocephala.

Ploceus erythrocephalus,

Tachyphonus rubescens.
Ploceus abyssinicus.

Tachyphonus cristatellus.

Fringilla magellanica,
Fringila coccinea,
Estrelda psittacea.

Pi.

Tiaris jacarini.
Vidua regia.
Vidua principalis.

Vidua paradisea.

Chera progne.

Vidua macroura.
Sycobius cristatus.
Sycobius rubricollis.
Hyphantornis aurantia.
Sycobius nigricollis.
Spermophila mysia.
Spermophila lineola.
Pyrenestes ostrina.

Amadina erythrocephala,

Amadina punctularia,
Amadina variegata.

124 (-

Amadina malacea.
Amadina sinensis.
Amadina quinticolor.
Estrelda bella.
Amadina maja,
Amadina cantans.
Aiadina fasciata.
Ploceus franciscanus.
Amadina nitida.
Amadina oryzivora.
Amadina fuseata,
Ploceus madagascariensis.
Pitylus cyaneus.
Carpodacus (roseus ?).
Ploceus oryx.

Spermospiza hamatina.

Spiza dominicana.
Spiza cucullata.

"
;
ea
i

“4

D

Abrornis, 174.
Acanthis, 370.
Acanthisitta, 148.
Acanthiza, 189.

Acanthogenys, 121, 122.

Acanthopteryx, 542.
Acanthorhynchus, 119.
Acanthylis, 55.
Accentor, 187.
Accipiter, 28.

Acis, 281.

Acomus, Suppl. App.
Acontistes, 157.
Acredula, 191.
Acridotheres, 335.
Acrocephalus, 171.
Acrulocercus, 96.!
Acryllium, 501.
Actenoide, 78, 79.
Actidurus, 573.
Actinodura, 226. 573.
Actitis, 569.
Actochelidon, 658.
Actodromus, 579.
Ada, 242.
Adophoneus, 173, 174.
Adornis, 173.
Aedon, 173.
AEgialites, 543.
Egithalus, 193.
Egithina, 195. 197.
“Ei golius, 39, 40.*
/Egotheles, 45.
/Egypius, 5. 21.
fEgythalus, 193.
Jésalon, 20.
Zuthiops, 353.
/Etotriorchis, 9.3
Aétos, 13.4
Agapornis, 422.

' Cabanis (1847).

5 Bechstein (1802).
lu

gallus.

Synonymous with Moho.
2 Kaup (1829). Synonymous with Nyctale.
3 Kaup (1844). Synonymous with Senex.

4 Nitzsch (1840). Synonymous with Aguila.
Synonymous with Gal-

8.
® Latham MSS, Synonymous with Tale-

Agelaius, 344.
Aglaeactin, App. 5.
Aglaia, 366.
Agrilorhynchus, 137.
Agriornis, 208.; App. 9.
Agrobates, 171. 173.
Agrodroma, 205, 206.
Agrophilus, 354.
Aimophila, 361.

Aix, 613.

Ajax, 207, 208.
Alaémon, 383.
Alauda, 380.
Albatrus, 650.

Alea, 636.

Alcedo, 81.
Alcemerops, 87.
Alcippe, 208, 209.
Alcopus, 238.
Alcurus, 236, 237.
Alcyone, 82.
Alecthelia, 490.
Alecto, 350.

Alector, 499.°
Alectoris, 507.
Alectrenas, App. 23.
Alectrophasis, 498.
Alectrurus, 243.
Alectryon, App. 24.
Alectura, 488.°
Allotrius, 270.
Alsocomus, App. 23.
Alsoeus, 171.
Altapetes, 361.
Aluco, 39, 41.7
Amadina, 369.
Amazona, 421.
Amblypterus, 48.
Amblyrhamphus, 348.
Amblyrhynchus, 586.

balura.
Anabazenops.

Suscus.

7 Fleming (1822).
8 Cabanis (1847).

® Lafresnaye (1838).

10 Lafresnaye (1842).

Amizilis, 107, 108.
Ammodromus, 374.
Ammoptila, 536.
Ampeliceps, 330.
Ampelion, App. 13.
Ampelis, 278.
Amphibolura, 277.8
Amytis, 166.

Anabacerthia, 137.; App. 6.

Anabasitta, App. 7.°
Anabates, 137.

Anabazenops, App. 7.

Anadenus, 460.
Anais, 286.
Analcipus, 231,

Anarhynchus, 544, 545.

Anas, 515. 517.
Anastomus, 562.
Ancylocheilus, 579.
Androglossus, 421.
Andropadus, 236.
Anhima, 590.
Anhinga, 664.
Anisoramphus, 656.
Annumbius, 136.
Anobapton, 644.
Anodorhynchus, 412.
Anorthura, 157.
Anoiis, 661.

Anser, 606.
Anseranus, 604.
Anserella, 608.
Anthipes, App. 12.
Anthochera, 122.
Anthomyza, 123.
Anthornis, 123.
Anthracothorax, 107.
Anthreptes, 97. 99.
Anthropoides, 553.
Anthus, 205.

Synonymous with Strix.
Synonymous with Phi-

Synonymous with

The type is Xenops

' Swainson. Synonymous with Drymoica.

INDEX OF GENERIC NAMES.

Antrostomus, 47, 48,
Anumbius, 126.
Anura, 156.
Apalis, 163.
Apaloderma, 70.
Apertorostra, 562.
Aphriza, 548,
Apiaster, 85.
Aplonis, 328.
Apolites, 246.
Aprosmictus, 407, 408.
10 Aptenodita, 641.!?
Aptenodytes, 641.
Apternus, 434.
Apterodita, 641.
Apteryx, 530.
Apus, 53.
Aquatilis, 215.!3
Aquila, 13.

Ara, 412.

Aracari, 403.
Arachnothera, 99.
Aramides, 594.
Aramus, App. 26.
Arapunga, 280.
Arara, 412.'4
Aratinga, 413.
Arbelorhina, 101.'°
Arborocola, 506.
Arborophila, 506.
Arceuthornis, 218.
Archibuteo, 12.
Arctica, 645.
Ardea, 555.
Ardeola, 555.
Ardetta, 555.
Arenaria, 548. 581.
Argala, 561.
Argus, 496.
Argusianus, 496."

2 Gmelin (1788).
nodytes.

'8 Montagu (1813). Synonymous with Hy-
drobata.

14 Spix (1824). Synonymous with Ara,

18 Cabanis (1847). Synonymous with Ce-
reba.

16 Rafinesque (1815). Synon. with Argus.

Synonymous with Apte-

n

48

Argya, 217.
Arremon, 361.
Arrenga, 214.
Arses, 260.

Artamia, 231.; App. 13.

Artamus, 285.
Arundinicola, 243.
Ascalaphia, 37.
Ascalopax, 582.
Asilus, 173, 174.
Asio, 39.
Asthenurus, 432.!
Astrapia, 326.
Astur, 27.
Asturina, 27.
Atagen, 669.
Atelornis, App. 4.
Athene, 34.
Atrichia, 166.
Attagen, 505, 516.
Atticora, 58.?
Attagis, 520.
Attila, 208.3
Averano, 280.
Avicida, 23.
Aulacorhamphus, 403.
Aulacorhynchus, 403.
Avocetta, 576.
Avocettes, 114.
Australasia, 411.

Auctruchon, 543, 544.

Aythya, 621.

Bahila, 269.
Bainopus, 264.4
Balearica, 553.
Balearius, 553.°
Banksianus, 425.
Barbatula, 429, 430.
Barita, 300.
Bartramia, 573, 574.
Baryphonus, 67.
Basanistes, 290.
Basilinna, 107.®
Batara, 297.
Bathmidurus, 254.7
Bathyrhynchus, 389.
Batis, 256.
Batrachostomus, 45.
Baza, 23.

Bellatrix, 111.
Bernicla, 607.
Bessonornis, 220.
Bethylus, 362.
Bhringa, 287.

' Swainson (1827).
cumnus.

2 Published in the Jsis, 1844, p. 172.
Now thought to be equal

3 Lesson (1831).
with Dasycephala.

* Hodgson (1844).
grandis.

5 Rafinesque (1815). Synonymous with Ba-

learica.
® Boie (1831).

mus.

Synonymous with Pi-

The type is Niltava

Synonymous with Polyt-

INDEX OF

Bhuchanga, 286.
Bias, 263.8
Biblis, 59.
Bidens, 22.

| Biensis, 592, 593.

Biziura, 626.
Blagrus, 18.°
Blechropus, 241.
Bombycilla, 278.
Bombyciphora, 278.
Bombycistomas, 45.
Bombycivora, 278.
Bonasa, 516.

- Bonasia, 516.

Boschas, 615.

Boscis, 334.
Bostrychia, 565, 566.
Botaurus, 557.
Brachonyx, 382.
Brachylophus, 438.
Brachyotus, 39.
Brachypetes, 75.
Brachypodius, 236."
Brachypteracias, 63.
Brachypternus, 440.
Brachypterus, 28.
Brachypteryx, 209.
Brachyptrallus, 599.
Brachypus, 53. 236.
Brachyrhamphus, 644.
Brachystoma, 309.
Brachyurus, 213.
Bradornis, App. 8.
Bradybates, 181.

Bradypterus, 163. 181.

Branta, 620.
Brotogeris, 411.
Bubalornis, 350.
Bubo, 37.
Bubutus, 460.

| Bucco, 73. 402. 427.

Buceros, 399.
Bucia, 87.
Bucoryus, 400.
Budytes, 203.
Bulaca, 39.
Bulweria, 647, 648.
Buphaga, 332.
Buphagus, 332. 652.
Buphus, 555.
Burhinus, 535.

| Busarellus, 32.1!

Bustamentia, 385.

| Butaétes, 12.

Butaquila, 12.!

(No. 25.).

7 Cabanis (1847).

GENERIC

NAMES.

§ Lesson (1831).

with Hyliota.

® Blyth (1849).

leucogaster.

10 Blyth (1845).

notus.

" Lesson (1839).
' Hodgson (1844).

strophiatus.

Butastur, 29.
Butalis, 262.
Buteo, 11.

Buteogallus, 14.; App. 1.

Butor, 557.

Cacatua, 424.
Caceabis, 507.
Cachinna, 15.; App. 1.
Cacicus, 342.
Cactornis, 359.
Cebera, 101.
Cairina, 618.
Calznas, 478.
Calamanthus, 164.
Calamodus, 171, 172.
Calamodyta, 171.
Calamoherpe, 171.
Calamophilus, 193.
Calamospiza, 357.
Calandra, 380.
Calandrella, 380.
Calendula, 380.
Calidris, 579. 581.
Calipyga, 269.
Callus, 309.
Callene, 180.'%
Callichen, 620.
Calliope, 182.
Callipepla, 514.
Calliphox, 111.
Callirhynchus, 385.
Calliste, 366.
Callocephalon, 425.
Calobates, 203. 459.
Calocitta, 307.
Calodera, 325.
Calcenas, 478.
Calopsitta, 406.
Caloramphus, 431.
Calornis, 327.
Calospiza, 366.
Calothorax, 110.
Calurus, 71.
Calyptomena, 275.
Calyptrophorus, 374.
Calyptorhynchus, 425.
Calyptura, 271.
Camarhynchus, 359.
Campephaga, 282.
Campephilus, 435.
Campethera, 439.
Campicola, 178, 179.
Camptolaimus, 623.
Campylops, 137.

The type is Tityra nigra

Probably synonymous

The type is Pontoaétus

Synonymous with Pycno-

Synonymous with Circus.
The type is Archibuteo

1% Blyth (1847).
dasm.u

Rafinesque (1815). Synonymous with Gra-
culus.

'® Rafinesque (1815), Synonymous with Ca-
catua.

16 Cabanis (1847).
maralcyon.

7 Cabanis (1847). Synonymous with Les-
sonia?

8 Cuvier.

Campylopterus, 107.
Campylorhynchus, 158,
Cancroma, 558.
Cannabina, 370. 372.
Canutus, 579.
Capito, 73. 430.
Caprimulgus, 47.
Caracara, 10,

Carbo, 667.
Carbonarius, 667.'4
Cardinalis, 357.
Carduelis, 370, 371.
Cariama, 551.
Carine, 34.

Carnifex, 28. 273.
Carpococcyx, 459.
Carpodacus, 384.
Carpophaga, 468.
Carpornis, 279.
Carvanaca, 535.
Caryocatactes, 313. 399.
Casarka, 613.
Casmarhynchus, 280.
Cassiculus, 342.
Cassicus, 342.
Cassidix, 341.
Casuarius, 528.
Catacus, 424.5
Catamblyrhynchus, 385.
Cataractes, 644, 645.
Catarracta, 650.
Catarractes, 640.
Catharista, 4.
Cathartes, 4.
Catheturus, 488.
Catoptrophorus, 572.
Catosparactes, 655.
Cauax, 83.16
Caulodromus, 143.
Ceblyphyris, 282.
Cecropis, 57.

Cela, 528.

Celeus, 440.
Cenchramus, 500.
Centrites, 201.17

| Centrocercus, 516.

Centrophanes, 378, 379.
Centropus, 454.
Centrourus, 426.
Centurus, 442.

| Cephallepis, 111.

Cephalopterus, 319.
Cepheus, 558.
Cephus, 645.'8
Cepphus, 630.

Synonymous with Arctica.

Synonymous with Cincli-

Synonymous with Jaca-

INDEX OF GENERIC

Ceratoblepharum, 637.
Ceratorhina, 639.
Ceratornix, 499.
Cerchneis, 21.
Cercibis, 565, 566.
Cerconectes, 627.
Cercotrichas, 177.
Cereopsis, 606.
Ceriornis, 499.
Cerorhina, 639.
Certhia, 143.
Certhidea, 359.
Certhilauda, 383.
Certhiola, 102.
Certhiparus, 193. 269.
Ceryle, 82.

Cettia, 171, 172.
Ceyx, 79.

Chacura, 507.
Chetoblemma, 293.
Chaétops, 217.
Chetopus, 505.
Chetornis, 167.
Chetura, 55.
Chaitaris, 263.
Chalcites, 462.
Chalcophanes, 340.
Chalcophaps, 476.
Chalybzus, 303.!
Chameza, App. 9.
Chamepelia, 475.
Chamepetes, 484.
Chamezza, 212.; App. 9.
Chamzzosa, 212.?
Chaptia, 287.
Charadrius, 543.
Charmosyna, 416.
Chasiempis, App. 12.
Chaulelasmus, 617.
Chauliodes, 617.
Chauna, 590.
Chaunonotus, 299.
Chaunornis, 73, 74.
Cheilodromas, 536.
Cheimonea, 655.
Chelidis, 277.
Chelidon, 60.
Chelidoptera, 75.
Chelidopteryx, App. 2.
Chelidornyx, 258, 259.
Chen, 606, 607.
Chenalopex, 605. 636.
Cheniscus, 608.
Chenonetta, App. 27.

' Cuvier (1829).

Synonymous with Phony-

Chenopis, 610.
Chenoramphus, 562.
Chera, 355.
Chettusia, 541.
Chibia, 287.
Chimerina, 639.
Chionis, 522.
Chionospiza, 370.
Chiromacheris, App. 13.
Chiroxiphia, App. 13.
Chizzerhis, 395.
Chlamydera, 325.
Chlamydotis, 533.
Chloephaga, 607.
Chlorion, 360.

| Chloris, 195, 370.

Chlorisoma, 308.
Chloronerpes, 443.
Chloropeta, 173, 174.
Chloropsis, 124.
Chloropygia, 61.
Chlorospiza, 370.
Chondestes, 373, 374.
Chordeiles, 49.
Choristopus, 604.
Choucalcyon, 77.
Chourtka, 502.

Chreecocephalus, 653, 654.
Chroicocephalus, 653, 654.

Chrysococcyx, 462.
Chrysocolaptes, 436.
Chrysocoma, 640.
Chrysolampis, 113.
Chrysolophus, 245. 497.
Chrysomitris, 370, 371.
Chrysomus, 348.
Chrysonotus, 441.
Chrysopteryx, 279.%
Chrysoptilus, 440.
Chrysotis, 421.
Chrysures, 109.
Chthonicola, 164.
Cia, 377.

Ciccaba, 35.

Cichla, 158. 223.
Cichloides, 218.
Cicinnurus, 322, 323.
Ciconia, 553. 560.
Cillurus, 132.
Cinclidia, 227.
Cinclidium, 180.
Cinclocerthia, 134.
Cinclodes, 132.
Cinclorhamphus, 168.

7 Gamble (1847).

Synonymous with Pica.

NAMES.

49

Cinclosoma, 224.
Cinclus, 215. 548.
Cinnamolecus, 94.
Cinnicerthia, 134.4; App. 6.
Cinnyricinclus, 327.°
Cinnyris, 97.°

Cinura, 205.

Circaétus, 16.

Circus, 32.

Cirlus, 377.

Cissa, 308.

Cissopis, 362.

Cisticola, 163, 164.
Citrinella, 370, 371. 377.
Cladorhynchus, 577.
Clangula, 621.

Cleptes, 314.7
Climacocercus, 28.
Climacteris, 145.

| Clorhynchus, 568.

Clypeata, 617.
Coccoborus, 357.
Coccothraustes, 358.
Coceycua, 456.
Coccygius, 457.
Coccystes, 464.8
Coecyzon, 457.

| Coceyzura, 471.°

Coceyzus, 457.
Cochlearius, 558.
Cochoa, 280.
Codonistris, 212.'°
Ceelebs, 370.
Ceeligena, 111, 112.
Colibri, 107.
Coleus, 314.
Colaptes, 446.
Colaris, 62.
Coleorhamphus, 522.
Colinus, 513."
Coliphimus, 395.
Colius, 392.
Coliuspasser, 354.
Colobathris, 212.'?
Collocalia, 54.
Collurampelis, 272.
Collurio, 290.
Colluriocincla, 295.
Collurisoma, 295.!%
Collyrio, 290.
Colopterus, Suppl. App.
Columba, 469.
Columbi-gallina, 475."
Columbina, 474.

4 Boie (1826).

Colymbus, 630, 631.
Comarophagus, 365.
Comatotis, Suppl. App.
Comeris, 432.

Cometes, 111. 113. 287.
Conirostrum, 102.
Conopophaga, 255.
Conostoma, 311.
Conurus, 413.

Copurus, 244.

| Copsychus, 177. 218, 219.

Coracia, 321.
Coracias, 61.
Coracina, 319.
Coracopsis, 407.
Coraphites, 381."
Corapica, 308.
Corcorax, 320.
Corcoronis, 320.'®
Corethrura, 595.
Coriphilus, 417.
Corone, 314, 315.
Coronica, 302.

| Coronis, 317.17

Corvinella, 209.
Corvultur, 314, 315.
Corvus, 314.
Corydalina, 357.
Corydalis, 383.
Corydalla, 205, 206.
Corydon, 65. 425, 426.
Corydonix, 454.
Corypha, 382.
Coryphaspiza, 360.
Corythaix, 394.
Corythaixoides, App. 18.
Corythopis, 210.
Corythornis, App. 5.
Corythus, 387.
Cosmetornis, 51.
Cosmonessa, 612:
Cossypha, 220.
Cossyphus, 335."
Cotyle, 59.

Cotinga, 278.
Coturniculus, 374.
Coturnix, 506.
Coiia, 454.
Cracticornis, 569.'°
Cracticus, 300.
Craspedophora, 94.
Crataionyx, 191.
Crateropus, 224.
Crax, 486.

Synonymous with Chame-

gama. § Gloger. Synonymous with Hudynamys. pelia.
2 Cabanis (1847). Synonymous with Cha- ® Hodgson (1843). Synonymous with Ma- 18 Cabanis (1847). Synonymous with Pyr-
meza. cropygia. rhulauda,
% Swainson (1831). Synonymous with Ti- © Gloger (1842). Synonymous with Gral- 16 Cabanis (1847). Synonymous with Cor-
Juca. laria. coraz.
4 Lesson Synonymous with Limnornis. "Lesson (1828). Synonymous with Ortyz. 7 Gloger (1827). Synonymous with Pyro-
5 Lesson (1840). The type is Juida leuco- 2 Gloger (1842). Synonymous with Gral- derus. ‘ ;
gaster. laria. 18 Dumeril. Synonymous with Acridotheres.
§ Cuvier (1817). Synonymous with Nec- 13 Swainson. Synonymous with Collurto- 19 G. R. Gray (1841). Synonymous with
tarinia, cincla. Numenius,

Craxirex, 11, 12.
Creadion, 337.
Creurgus, 289.
Crex, 593.!
Criniger, 235, 287.
Crithagra, 384.
Crocias, 292.
Crossodera, 65.
Crossoptilon, 495.
Crotophaga, 458.
Crotophagus, 458.
Crucirostra, 388.
Crymonetta, 622.
Crymophilus, 586.
Crypsirhina, 310,
Crypsirina, 310,
Crypticus, 67.; App. 4.
Cryptolopha, 258, 259.
Cryptonyx, 507.
Cryptura, 524.
Crypturus, 524.
Crytonyx, 513.
Cuculus, 462.
Cucupicus, 430.
Culicipeta, Suppl. App.
Culicivora, 176.
Cultrides, 455.
Cultrunguis, 38.
Cuncuma, 17.
Cureus, 457.
Curruca, 172.
Cursor, 536.
Cursorius, 536.
Curvirostra, 388.
Cutia, App. 15.
Cyanecula, 182.
Cyanistes, 191, 192.
Cyanocorax, 306.
Cyanopterus, 516.
Cyanoptila, App. 12.
Cyanotis, 175.
Cyanurus, 306.
Cychloris, 293.
Cychlorhynchus, 255, 256.
638.
Cygnopsis, 606, 607.
Cygnus, 610.
Cymbilaimus, 297, 298.
Cymbirhynchus, 66.
Cymbops, 558.
Cymindis, 25.
Cymotomus, 647.
Cynanthus, 111. 113.
Cynchramus, 377.
Cynornis, 263.
Cyphorhinus, 155.

' Bechstein (1803).
tygometra,

* This genus was published in Ereb. and

Grub. Encycl., 1838.
* G. R. Gray (1840).
Hypotriorchis.
* Hodgson (1844).

nymous with Odontophorus.

Synonymous with Or-

Synonymous with

Synon. with Haliastur.
5 Ereb. and Grub. Encycl. (1838).

INDEX. OF

Cyphos, 73, 74.
Cypselus, 53.
Cypsnagra, 367.
Cysticola, 26.

Dacelo, 77.

Daenis, 101.
Deedalion, 27.

Dafila, 615.

Dahila, 177.
Dandalus, 181.
Daption, 648.
Daptrius, 9.
Dasycephala, 208.
Dasylophus, 459.
Dasyornis, 167.
Dasyptilus, 427. 632.
Dasyramphus, 640, 641.
Daulias, 172.
Dendrobates, 437.
Dendrochelidon, 54.?
Dendrocincla, 141.
Dendrocitta, 310.
Dendrocolaptes, 139.
Dendrocops, 139.
Dendrocopus, 139.
Dendrocygna, 612.
Dendrodromus, 149.
Dendrofalco, 20.*
Dendroma, 137, 138.
Dendromus, 439.
Dendronessa, 612, 613.
Dendrophila, 147.
Dendroplex, 139, 140.
Dendrortyx, 512.
Dendrotreron, App. 23.
Densirostra, 388.
Dentiger, 18.4
Dentophorus, 512.°
Dermophrys, 369.
Deroptyus, 420, 421.
Dertroides, 350.
Diceum, 99.
Dicholophus, 551.
Dicrurus, 286.
Didunculus, 480.
Didus, 482.

Diglossa, 137.
Dilophus, 335.
Dimorpha, 263.
Dinopium, 434.°
Diodon, 22.
Diomedea, 636. 650.
Diphyllodes, 322, 323.
Diplectron, 495.
Diplodon, 22.

coides.
philus.
astomus.

Syno-
cyon.

GENERIC

® Rafinesque (1815). Synonymous with Pi-

7 Lesson (1844). Synonymous with Oreo-

® Lesson (1830). Synon, with Orthotomus.

® Rafinesque (1815). Synonymous with An-

NAMES.

Diplopterus, 456.
Dolichonyx, 349.
Domicella, 416.
Donacobius, 223.
Donacola, 369, 370.
Doryfera, 111, 112.
Drepanis, 95.
Dromaius, 527.
Dromas, 560.
Dromiceius, 527.
Dromicus, 537.7
Dromococcyx, 456.
Dromodendron, 149.
Drymodes, 183.
Drymoica, 163.
Drymonax, 246,
Drymophila, 211. 260.
Dryobates, 434.
Dryocopus, 141. 436.
Dryoscopus, 298, 299.
Dryospiza, 370.
Dryotomus, 436.
Ducula, 468.

Dulus, App. 16.
Dumecola, Suppl. App.
Dumeticola, 171.
Dysithamnus, App. 9.
Dysornithia, 306.
Dysporus, 666.
Dytes, 632.

Kclectus, 418.
Ectopistes, 470.
Edela, 161.8
Edolius, 286. 463.
Egretta, 555.
Ejidopsarus, 128.
Elania, 250.
Elanius, 583.
Elanoides, 25.
Elanus, 25.
Eleothreptus, 48.
Ellipura, App. 9.
Emberiza, 377.
Emberizoides, 360.
Embernagra, 361.
Emblema, 370, 371.
Emeraudes, 107.
Empharis, 562.°
Enicocichla, 188.
Enicognathus, 414.
Eniconetta, 624.
Enicornis, 133.
Enicurus, 203.
Enneoctonus, 291.

" Yiliger (1811).

Enodes, 327.
Entomophagus, 242.
Entomophila, 118.
Entomothera, 78,!°
Entomyza, 124, 125.
Entomyzon, 124.
Kopsaltria, 272.
Eos, 417.

Ephialtes, 38.
Ephthianura, 205.
Epilais, 173, 174.
Epimachus, 93.
Epomia, 497.

Erana, 380.
Eremobius, 133.
Eremophila, 381.
Ereunetes, 580."!
Eriodora, 211.!?
Eriopus, 114.
Erismatura, 627.
Erodia, 560.
Erodius, 555.
Erolia, 568. 579.
Erolla, 66.
Erucivora, 282.
Erythaca, 181.!%
Erythacus, 181.
Erythrina, 384.
Erythrodryas, 182.
Erythrogonys, 541.
Erythrolanius, 231.
Erythroleuca, 173, 174.
Erythrophrys, 457.
Erythropygia, 173.
Erythropus, 21.
Erythroscelus, 572, 573.
Erythrosoma, 264."
Erythrospiza, 384.
Erythrosterna, 262.
Erythrostomus, 420.
Erythrothorax, 384.
Erythrura, 369, 370.
Esacus, 535.
Estrelda, 368.
Etoglaux, 37.
Eucapripodus, App. 3.
Eudocimus, 565.
Eudromia, 525.
Eudromias, 525. 543, 544.
Eudynamys, 464.
Eudyptes, 640.
Eudytes, 630.
Eulabeornis, 594.
Eulabes, 330.
Eulampis, 107, 108.
Euligo, 573.

Probably synonymous

with Eurinorhynchus.

micivora.

thacus.

4 Swainson,
'" Horsfield (1820). Synonymous with Hal-

Gloger (1827).

Synonymous with For-

'S Swainson (1831). Synonymous with Ery-

Synonymous with Setophaga.

INDEX

OF GENERIC

NAMES.

Eulophus, 503.
Eupetes, 207.
Euphema, 410.
Euphone, 367.
Euphonia, 367.
Euplectes, 352.
Euplocomus, 498.
Eupodes, 351.
Eupodotis, 533.
Eupsychortyx, 513, 514.
Eurhynchus, 424.
Eurinorhynchus, 580.
Eurocephalus, 296.
Eurostopodus, 49.
Eurycercus, App. 10.
Euryceros, 398.
Eurylaimus, 65.
Eurypyga, 554.
Eurystomus, 62.
Euscarthmus, 251.
Enuspiza, 376.
Eutolmaétus, App. 1.'

Falcinellus, 96. 565. 579.
Falco, 19.

Falcula, 21.

Falculia, 91.
Falcunculus, 293.
Fedoa, 534. 569.
Ficedula, 180. 195. 262.
Ficophagus, 351.
Figulus, 131.
Fluvicola, 242.
Formicarius, 210.
Formicivora, 211.
Francolinus, 505.
Fratercula, 637.
Fregata, 669.
Fregilupus, 89, 90.
Fregilus, 321.
Fringalauda, 370. 372.
Fringilla, 370.
Fringillaria, 378.
Fringilloparus, 269.
Frugilegus, 314, 315.
Fruticicola, 179.
Fulica, 600.

Fuligula, 620.

Fulix, 620.

Fulmarus, 648.
Furcuria, 269.”
Furnarius, 131.

Galbaleyorhynchus, App. 5.
Galbula, 83, 231.

1 Tolmaétus read Eutolmaetus.
? Lesson (1831).

Synonymous with Leio-

Galerida, 380.
Galgulus, 61, 316.
Gallina, 499.3
Gallinago, 582.
Gallinula, 599.
Gallirallus, 596.
Gallirex, 394.4
Gallopavo, 500.
Galloperdix, App. 24.
Gallophasis, 498.
Gallus, 499.
Gambetta, 572, 573.
Gampsonyx, 26.
Gampsorhynchus, App. 10.
Ganix, 484.°
Garrulax, 224.
Garrulaxis, 224.
Garrulus, 305.
Garzetta, 555.
Gavia, 653, 655, 661.
Gecinus, 438.
Gelochelidon, 658.
Gennzus, 498.
Gennaia, 19.°
Geobates, 134.
Geocichla, 218. 220.
Geococcyx, 452.
Geocolaptes, 446.
Geocoraphus, 382.
Geopelia, 471.
Geophaps, 477.
Geophilus, 478.7
Geositta, 134.
Geospiza, 358.
Geothlypis, 197.5
Geotrygon, 476.°
Geranoaétus, 17.
Geranospiza, 28.
Geronticus, 565.
Gerygona, 189.
Glandarius, 305."
Glareola, 538.
Glaucidium, 34, 35.
Glaucion, 621.
Glaucis, 107, 108.
Glaucopes, 107, 108.
Glaucopis, 309.
Glaucopteryx, 32.
Glottis, 572, 573.
Glyciphila, 118.
Glyphorynchus, 141.
Gnathodon, 480.
Goniaphea, 357.
Gouan, 485.!!
Goura, 479.

© Koch (1815).

rulus.

Synonymous with Gar-

Gracula, 330.
Graculus, 321. 667.
Gracupica, 336.
Grallaria, 212.
Grallina, 204.
Grandala, 184.
Graucalus, 282.
Grus, 552.

Grylle, 644.
Gryllivora, 177.
Grypus, 104.
Gubernatrix, 377.
Gubernetes, 243.
Guira, 456.

Guiraca, 357.
Gulosus, 667.!?
Guttera, 501.

Gygis, 660.
Gymnathus, 618.
Gymnoblepharum, 637.
Gymnocephalus, 317.
Gymnocorvus, 315.
Gymnoderus, 319.
Gymnogenys, 31.
Gymnophrys, 128.
Gymnops, 9. 330.
Gymnopus, 464.
Gymnorhina, 301.
Gymnorhinus, App. 14.
Gymnorius, 370. 372.
Cymnura, 627.
Gypaétus, 2.
Gypagus, 3.
Gypogeranus, 31.
Gypohierax, 7.
Gyps, 6.
Gypsoictinia, 11.
Gyptus, 2.'%

Habropyga, 368.
Hematops, 128
Hematopus, 546.
Hematornis, 16. 236, 237.
Hematospiza, 387.'4
Hemorrhous, 384.
Haladroma, 646.
Halcyon, 78.
Halhiaétus, 17.
Haliastur, 18.
Halieus, 667.
Haliplana, 658.
Hapalocercus,
Hapalophus, 298.
Hapalura, 176.
Harelda, 622.

Harpactes, 70.
Harpagus, 22.
Harpes, 220.
Harpiprion, 565, 566.
Harporhynchus, 221."
Harpyhaliaétus, 16.
Harpyia, 15.
Heleornis, 213.
Heliactin, 111. 113.
Heliangelus, App. 5.
Helianthea, App. 5.
Heliaptex, 37.

Helias, 554.

Helinaia, 195.
Heliornis, 634.
Heliothrix, 115.
Helmitheros, 195, 196.
Helodromus, 572.
Helopus, 658.
Helotarsus, 18.
Hemichelidon. 262.
Hemicircus, 437.
Hemignathus, 95.
Hemigyps, 6.'°
Hemilophus, 439.
Hemipalama, 578.
Hemiparus, 269.
Hemipipo, App. 13.
Hemipodius, 510.
Hemiprocne, App. 4.
Hemipteron, 227.7
Hemipteryx, 163.
Hemirhynchus, 192.
Hemixus, 236, 237.
Herodias, 555.
Herpetotheres, 15.; App. 1."
Herse, 57.
Herspsilochmus, App. 9.
Hetzrornis, 335.
Heteroaétus, 17.!%
Heteroclitus, 519,
Heteromorpha, App. 18.
Heterophasia, 238.
Heteropoda, 586.
Heterops, 380.
Heteropus, 13.”
Heterorhynchus, 95.7!
Heterura, 168.
Hians, 562.
Hiaticula, 543, 544.
Hieraétus, 13, 14.
Hieraspiza, 28, 29.
Hierofalco, 19.
Himantopus, 577.
Hippolais, 173.

'6 Hodgson (1844). Synonymous with Oto-

thriz.
3 Linneus (1735) Synonymous with Gallus.
4 Lesson (1844). Synonymous with Turacus.
5 Rafinesque (1815). Synonymous with Or-
talida.
6 Kaup(1847). The type is Falco biarmicus.
7 Selby (1835). Synonymous with Verrulia.
8 Cabanis (1847). Synonymous with Tri-
chas.
® Gosse (1847). Synonymous with Peristera.

1 Lacépéde(1800—1801). Synonymous with
Penelope.

2 Montagu (1813). Synonymous with Gra-
culus

18 Dumeril (1806).
pactus.

4 Blyth (1844).
lophaga.

's Cabanis (1847). Synonymous with Harpes.

Synonymous with Gy-

Synonymous with Strobi-

gYPS- ;

17 Hodgson (1844). Synonymous with Pel-
lorneum. ; ;

18 This name was originally published in
1818, therefore should be adopted.

'§ Kaup (1847). Synonymous with Gerano-
aétus. ; ;

2 Hodgson (1842). Synonymous with Neo-

us.

21 Lafresnaye (1839).
Hemignathus.

Synonymous with

oO

cr
nw

Hirund-apus, 55.
Hirundinea, 242, 258; App.
12.
Hirundo, 57.
Histrionicus, 621.
Hodites, 572.
THolocnemis, 211.
Holopodius, 586.
Homoptilura, 583.!
Hoplopterus, 542.
Horeites, 163, 164.
Horornis, 174, 175.
Hortulanus, 360.?
Houbara, 533.
Huhua, 37.
Hyas, 536.
Hybris, 41.*
Hydralector, 588, 589.
Hydrobata, 215.
Hydrobates, 626. 647.
Hydrocecropis, 658."
Hydrochelidon, 659.
Hydrocoleus, 653, 654.
Hydrocorax, 399.
Hydrogallina, 599.
Hydroictinia, 24.
Hydroka, 633.
Hydrophasianus, 589.
Hydroprogne, 658.
Hydropsalia, 47, 48.
Hylactes, 154.
Hylacola, 164.
Hyliota, 262, 263.
Hylocharis, 114. 262.
Hylodes, 183.°
Hylomanes, 67.
Hylophila, 102.
Hylophilus, 199.
Hyloterpe, 262.°
Hymenolaimus, 622.
Hyphantornis, 351.
Hypocnemus, App. 9.
Hypomorphnus, 14.
Hypothlypis, 366.7
Hypothymis, 261, 281.
Hypotriorchis, 20.
Hypsepetes, 237.
Hypsibates, 577.
Hypsibemon, App. 9.
Hyptiopus, 23.
Hyreus, 64.

Jacamaraleyon, 83.
Jacamaraleyonides, Suppl.
App.

Jacamerops, 84.

INDEX OF

GENERIC NAMES.

| Jacana, 588.
Jacobines, 115.
Tanthia, 180.8
Tanthoeinela, 37.
Japus, 342.°
Ibidorhyneha, 568.
Ibis, 565.

Ibycter, 9.
Ichnoscelis, 28.
Ichthierax, 19.

Iecteria, 229.
Teterus, 343.

| Tetinia, 26.
Ictinoaétus, 13.'° 18.
Idiocoecyx, 460.
Iduna, 171, 172.
Teracidea, 20.
Ierax, 21. 28.
Ilyornis, 572, 573.
Impeyanus, 502.
Indicator, 450.
Todopleura, App. 17.
Tole, 235, 236.
Tora, 199.

Ioropus, 269.
Irena, 288.

Irrisor, 90.

Ispida, 81, 82.
Ispidina, App. 5.
Ithaginis, 504.
Ithys, 521.

Juida, 326.

Junco, 372.

Ixidia, 236, 237.
Ixocinela, App. 11.
Ixocossyphus, 218.
Ixops, 226.

Ixos, 236.

Ixulus, 198.

Kakatoe, 424.
Kamptorhynchus, 623.
Keropia, 227.
Keroula, 289.

Ketupu, 38.
Kittacinela, 177.
Knipolegus, 242.
Ktinorhyncus, 617.

Lagopus, 517.
Laimodon, 428.
Lalage, 177. 282, 283.
Lampornis, 107.
Lamprocolius, 326.

| Lampromorphus, 462.

Ichthyiaétus, 176. 53, 654.

Lampronessa, 613.
Lampronetta, App. 28.
Lampornis, 326.
Lamprospiza, 253."
Lamprotes, 362.
Lamprotila, 84.
Lamprotornis, 326, 327.
Laniagra, 293.
Laniarius, 298.
Lanicterus, 282.
Laniellus, 292.
Laniisoma, 272.
Lanio, 364.
Laniocera, 240,
Lanioturdus, 298.'?
Lanius, 290.
Laroides, 653.
Laropis, 658.
Larus, 653.
Larya, 636.8
Laryivora, 180.
Lathamus, 410."
Lathria, 240.
Leimoniptera, 205, 206.
Leimonites, 579.
Leiocinclus, 226.
Leioptila, App. 11.
Leiothrix, 269.
Leipoa, 491.
Leistes, 347.
Lepidogenys, 23.
Leptocercus, .
Leptodactylus, 545.
Leptodon, 25.
Leptoglossus, 119.
Leptolophus, 406.
Leptonyx, 155. 360.
Leptopogon, 250.
Leptopteryx, 283.
Leptoptila, 475.
Leptoptilus, 561.
Leptopus, 545.
Leptorhynchus, 211, 212.
414. 577.
Leptornis, 124, 125.
Leptoscelis, 545.1°
Leptosomus, App. 22.
Leptostoma, 452.
Leptotarsis, 612.
Leptourus, 460.
Lepturus, 662.
Lerwa, 508.
Lesbia, 111. 113.
Les Huppés, 111.
Les Nicombars, 75.
Lessonia, 201.

Les Topazes, 109.
Lestris, 652.
Leucocerea, 258.
Leuconerpes, 444,
Leucophrys, 354.
Leucopternis, 11, 12.
Leucopygia, 367.
Leucosarcia, 477.
Leucospiza, 27.
Leucosticte, 370. 372.
Leucus, 653.
Lichenops, 242.
Licmetis, 425.
Ligurinus, 370, 371.
Limicola, 579.
Limicula, 569. 572.
Limnaétos, 14.
Limnornis, 133.
Limosa, 569.

Linota, 370.
Lipangus, 240.
Liponyx, 507.
Lissotis, Suppl. App.
Lobipes, 586.
Lobivanellus, 541.
Lochmias, 133.
Locustella, 171, 172.
Lomvyia, 644.
Lonchura, 369.
Londra, 380.
Lophaithyia, 632.
Lophalector, 498.!°
Lophastur, App. 2.
Lophoaetus, App. 1.
Lophocerus, 479. 487.
Lophocitta, 305.
Lophocorythus, 377.
Lophofera, 502.
Lopholaimus, 469.
Lophophanes, 191, 192.
Lophophorus, 502.
Lophorhynchus, 469. 551.
Lophorina, 322, 323.
Lophornis, 111. 113.
Lophortyx, 514.
Lophospiza, 27.
Lophostrix, 38.
Lophotes, 23.
Lophotetrax, 503.7
Lophotis, Suppl. App.
Lophura, 498.
Lophyrus, 478.
Loriculus, App. 20.
Lorius, 416.

Loxia, 388.
Loxigilla, 368.

1G. R. Gray (1840).
Enalius.

2 Vieillot (1807). Synonymous with Pipilo.

3 Synonymous with Striz.

* Boie (1844). Synonymous with Sterna.

5’ Gould (1841). Formerly proposed for
Drymodes,

® Cabanis (1847).
locharis.

Synonymous with

Synonymous with Hy-

7 Cabanis (1847). Synonymous with Tuna-
grella.
8 Blyth (1847). Synonymous with Nemura.
® Merrem (1826). Synonymous with Cacicus.
'0 Jerdon (1844). Synonymous with Neopus.
" Cabanis (1847). ‘The type is Tityra
habia.
2 Waterhouse (1838).
Laniarius.

Synonymous with

18 Vieillot (1816).
4 Lesson (1830),

Synonymous with Alea.
Synonymous with Lu-

hema.

8 O Des Murs (1847). Synonymous with
Phegornis.

© Cabanis (1847).
lophasis.

'7 Cabanis (1847). Synonymous with Pu-
crasia.

Synonymous with Gal-

INDEX OF GENERIC NAMES.

or
ew

Loxops, 371.
Lucifers, 110.
Lullula, 380.
Lunda, 637.
Luscinia, 172.
Lusciniola, 171, 172.
Lusciniopsis, 171.
Lusciola, 172.
Lycos, 314, 315.
Lymnaétus, 14.
Lymnocryptes, 583.
Lymnodromus, 582.
Lyncornis, 49, 50.
Lypornix, 74.
Lyrurus, 516.

Macagua, 15.
Macartneya, 498.
Maceranas, 624.
Machetes, 578.
Machetornis, 245.
Macrocercus, 412.!
Macrodipteryx, 51.
Macronus, 209.
Macronyx, 205, 206.
Macropterus, 54.
Macropteryx, 54.

Macropus, 456. 624.; App.

22.
Macropygia, 471.

Macrorhamphus, 582, 624.

Macrotarsus, 577.
Maina, 330.
Mainatus, 330.
Malacocercus, 228.
Malacocincla, 208.?
Malacolophus, 440.
Malaconotus, 298.
Malacopteron, 208.
Malacoptila, 74.

Malacorhynchus, 155. 518.

Malcoha, 459.
Malimbus, 351.
Malurio, 240.%
Malurus, 165.
Manacus, 273.
Manorhina, 127.4
Manucodiata, 322.
Mareca, 614.
Mecistura, 191.
Megacephalon, 489.
Megalaima, 429.
Megalophus, 257.
Megalonyx, 154.
Megaloperdix, 502.
Megalophonus, 382.
Megalopterus, 326. 661.
Megalorhynchus, 431.
Megalornis, 552.

! Vieillot (1816). Synonymous with Ara.
2 Blyth (1847). Synonymous with Tri-

chastoma.

3 Lesson (1839). Probably synonymous

with Formicarius.

4 Established 1818, N. Dict. d’ Hist. Nat.

xxvi. p. 115.

Megalotis, 381.
Megalurus, 168.
Megapelia, 479.
Megapodius, 490.
Megastoma, 245.
Megistina, 191, 192.
Meiglyptes, 447.
Melnornis, 288.
Melanerpes, 443.
Melanitta, 624.

Melanocorypha, 380.
Melasoma, 288.
Meleagris, 500.
Melias, 459.
Melicophila, 118.
Melidora, 77, 78.
Meliérax, 30.
Meliornis, 121, 122.
Meliphaga, 121.
Melithreptus, 128.
Melittophagus, 86.

Melizophilus, 173, 174.

Mellisuga, 107. 111.
Melodes, 182.°
Melophus, 376.
Melopsittacus, 410.
Meniceros, 399.°
Menura, 153.
Merganetta, 628.
Merganser, 628.
Mergellus, 629.
Mergoides, 620.
Mergulus, 645.
Mergus, 628, 629.
Merops, 85.
Merula, 67. 218.
Merularis, 26.
Merulaxis, 155.

Meseides, 39.
Mesia, 269.

Mesites, 491.
Mesomorpha, 37.
Metallura, 111. 113.
Metopia, 274.

Metopidius, 588, 589.

Micrastur, 28.
Microcolaptes, 432.
Microcygna, 608.
Microdactylus, 551.
Micreeca, 261.
Microglossum, 424.
Micronisus, 28, 29.
Micropogon, 430.
Micropsitta, 423.
Microptera, 584.

Micropternus, App. 22.

Micropterus, 623.

lodromus.

scarthmus.

Melanochlora, 191, 192.

Merva, 143.7; App. 7.

8 Lesson (1837).

Micropus, 53, 235.
Microscelis, 235.
Microtarsus, 235.
Microura, 156.
Micrura, 156.
Miliaria, 377.
Milvago, 9.
Milvulus, 247.
Milvus, 24.
Mimeta, 231, 232.
Mimus, 220.
Minla, 269.
Mino, 330.
Mionectes, 250.
Mirafra, 382.
Miro, 182, 183.
Mitu, 487.
Mitua, 487.
Mixornis, 228.
Mniotilla, 195.
Moho, 96.
Mohoua, 151.
Molothrus, 346.
Momota, 67.
Momotus, 67.
Monacha, 260.

Monachus, 173, 174.

Monarcha, 260.
Monasa, 74.
Monassa, 74.
Monastes, 74.
Monaulus, 502.
Monedula, 314.
Monornis, 476.
Monticola, 218.

Morinella, 548.
Moris, 666.
Mormon, 637.
Morphuus, 14.
Morus, 666.
Moschatus, 618.
Motacilla, 203.
Munia, 369, 370.

Muscicapa, 262.
Muscicapara, 250.
Muscicapula, 262.
Muscigralla, 202.
Muscipeta, 257.
Musciphaga, 251.8

Muscisaxicola, 202.
Muscitrea, App. 12.
Muscivora, 257.
Muscisylva, 258.
Muscylvia, 178.
Musophaga, 394.

| Myadestes, 281.

> Keyserling and Blasius (1840). Synony-
mous with Cyanecula.

© Gloger (1842).

7 Hodgson (1847).

Synonymous with Buceros.
Synonymous with Cau-

Synonymous with Hu-

Montifringilla, 370. 372.

Muscarinus, 407. 420.

Muscipipra, 243. 247.

Myagrus, 255.
Mycerobas, 358.°
Mycteria, 561.
Myiadestes, 281.
Myiagra, 261.
Myiarchus, 248.
Myiobius, 248.
Myiocinela, 210.
Myiodioctes, 265.
Myiomela, 178.
Myiophaga, 214. 217, 218.
Myiophoneus, 214.
Myiophonus, 214.
Myiothera, 210.
Myioturdus, 212. 255.
Myrmeciza, 211.
Myrmecophaga, 210.
Myrmorax, App. 9.
Myrmornis, 210.
Myrmothera, 210.
Mystacinus, 193.
Myzanthe, 99, 100.
Myzantha, 127.
Myzomela, 117.
Myzornis, 198, 199.

Nenia, App. 30.
Nanodes, 410.!°
Napophila, 87.
Napothera, 209.
Nasica, 139.
Nasiterna, 243.
Nauclerus, 24.
Nectarinia, 97. 101.
Nectris, 647.
Nematophora, 94.
Nematura, 519.
Nemoricola, 583.
Nemosia, 365.
Nemura, 180. .
Nengetus, 241.
Neochmia, 368, 369.
Neomorpha, 93.
Neophron, 3.
Neops, App. 7.
Neopus, 13, 14.
Neornis, 173, 174. ; App.
lige

Nephea, 370. 372.
Nertus, 26.
Nesonetta, 627.
Nestor, 426.
Netta, 620.
Nettapus, 608.
Nettion, 516.
Nigrita, 354.
Nilaiis, 291.
Niltava, 263.

2 Cabanis (1847). The type is (Cocco-
thraustes melanoxanthus.

'° Vigors and Horsfield (1826). Synony-
mous with Euphema.

Hartlaub. Synonymous with Tana-

Ninox, 34.
Nisaétos, 14.
Nisastur, 28.
Nisoria, 173.
Nisus, 28.
Noctua, 40.
Noddi, 661.
Nomadites, 334.
Notherodius, App. 26.
Nothura, 524.
Notodela, 208.!
Nucifraga, 313.
Numenius, 569. 582.
Numida, 501.
Nyctactes, 73.
Nyctades, 430.
Nyctale, 40.
Nyctalops, 39, 40.
Nyetea, 34.
Nycthemerus, 498.
Nyetiardea, 557.
Nyctibius, 46.
Nyctichelidon, 47.
Nycticorax, 557.
Nyctidromus, 48.
Nyctiornis, 87.
Nyctipetes, 34.
Nyetirodius, 557.
Nyctornis, 46.
Nymphicus, 406.
Nyroca, 621.

Oceanites, 647.; App. 29.

Ochetorhynchus, 132.
Ochromela, App. 12.
Ochthites, 202.
Ochthocea, App. 11.
Octopteryx, 456.
Ocyalus, 342.
Ocydromus, 596.
Ocypetes, 521.
Ocyphaps, 476.
Ocypterus, 285.
Odontophorus, 512.
CEdemia, 624.
(Edicnemus, 534.
Ena, 472.
CEnanthe, 178.
Cénas, 518.

Oidemia, 624.
Oligura, 156.

Olor, 610.

Ombria, 638.
Onichaaétus, 13.
Onocrotalus, 668.
Onychoprion, 658, 659.
Onychorhynchus, 257.

' Lesson (1831).
ana,

* Jerdon (1841).
matornis.

5 Lesson (1829).
mus.

‘ Blyth (1844).
torhinus.

INDEX OF

GENERIC NAMES.

The type is Eupetes Di-
Synonymous with He-
Synonymous with Polyt-

Synonymous with Poma-

Opethus, 394,
Opetiorhynchus, 131.
Ophaétus, 16.?
Ophiotheres, 31.
Opisthocomus, 396.
Opistolophus, 590.
Oreas, 280.
Oreias, 516.
Oreocincla, 218.
Oreoica, 294.
Oreophasis, 485.
Oreophilus, 537.
Oreotetrax, 502.
Oreotrochilus, 104.
Origma, 185.
Orinus, 274.
Oriolia, 233.
Oriolus, 231. 343.
Orites, 191, 192. 370.
Ornismya, 107.3
Orocetes, 218.
Orospiza, 377.
Orpheus, 220.
Orsipus, 241.
Ortalida, 484.
Orthocolaptes, App. 6.
Orthocorys, 396.
Orthogonys, 362.
Orthonyx, 151.
Orthorhinus, 228.4; App.
10.

Orthorhynchus, 111. 113.

147, 148.
Orthotomus, 161.
Ortygia, 80.
Ortygion, 506.
Ortygis, 510.
Ortygodes, 510.
Ortygometra, 593.
Ortyx, 513.
Ortyxelos, 511.
Oryx, 352.
Ossifraga, 648.
Ostralega, 546.
Otis, 532,
Otocoris, 381.
Otogyps, 6.

Otus, 39.

Ourax, 487.
Oxyglossus, 195.
Oxylophus, 463.
Oxynotus, Suppl. App.
Oxypogon, App. 5.
Oxypyga, 210.
Oxyrhamphus, 138.
Oxyrhynchus, 138.
Oxyruncus, 138.
Oxystomus, 337.°

dion.
cayanensis.
5 Cuvier (1817).

cepasser.

5 Swainson (1837). Synonymous with Crea-
® Cabanis (1847).
7 Rafinesque (1815). Synonymous with Ara.

® Cabanis (1847).

Oxyura, 627.
Oxyurus, 135. ; App. 6.

Pachycephala, 271.
Pachyglossus, 99, 100.
Pachyptila, 649.
Pachyramphus, 253.
Pachyrhyneus, 253.
Pecilonetta, 615.
Pecilopternis, 11, 12.
Pecilornis, App. 16.
Pagonetta, 622.
Pagophila, 655.
Palwornis, 409.
Palamedea, 590.
Pallene, 55.
Pallestre, 54.
Paludicola, 213, 214.
Palumbus, 469.
Pandicilla, 182.
Pandion, 16.
Pannychistes, 21.
Panurus, 193.
Panyptilus, 54.°
Paracus, 412.7

Paradigalla, 326.; App. 15.

Paradisea, 322.
Paradoxornis, 389.
Paraleyon, 77.
Parasifaleo, 9.
Pardalotus, 270.
Parisoma, 194.
Parkinsonius, 153.
Paroaria, 374, 375.
Paroides, 191. 193. 250.
Parotia, 322, 323.
Parra, 540. 588.
Parula, 195, 196.
Parulus, 135.
Parus, 191.

Passer, 372.
Passerculus, 373, 374.
Passerella, 373, 374.
Passerina, 374.
Pastor, 334.
Patagona, 114.
Patagons, 114.
Pavo, 494.
Pavoncella, 578.
Pauxi, 487.
Pedionomus, 511.
Peizorhynchus, 260.
Pelecanoides, 646.
Pelecanopus, 658.
Pelecanus, 559. 668.
Pelecinius, 298.
Pelidna, 579.8
Pelionetta, 624.

10 Gray.

Pellorneum, 227.
Pelodes, 659.
Pelorychus, App. 26.
Peltops, 66.
Pendulinus, 193. 343.
Penelope, 485. 614.
Penthetria, 354.9
Pepoaza, 40, 41.
Percnopterus, 3.
Perdicula, 506, 507.
Perdix, 506.
Pericrocotus, 281.
Perisoreus, 306.
Peristera, 472. 475. 477.
Pernis, 24.
Perspicilla, 242.
Petasophora, 107, 108.
Petrocincla, 218.
Petrocossyphus, 218, 220,
Petrodroma, 144.
Petrogallus, 504.'°
Petroica, 182.
Petronia, 370. 372.
Petrophassa, 476.
Petrophila, 218.
Peucea, 374.
Pezophaps, 483.
Pezoporus, 409.
Pezus, 524.
Pheopus, 569.
Phaétornis, 103.
Phaéton, 662.
Pheetusa, 660.
Phalacrocorax, 667.
Phalaridion, 593.
Phalaropus, 586.
Phalcobcenus, 9, 10.
Phaleris, 638.

Phaps, 477.
Pharomachrus, Suppl. App.
Phasianurus, 515.
Phasianus, 496.
Phegornis, 545.
Phene, 2.

Phibalura, 277.
Philammus, 381.
Philanthus, 127.
Philedon, 124."
Philemon, 124.
Philentoma, 259, 260.
Philepitta, 214.
Phileremos, 381.
Philesturnus, 337.!?
Philetzrus, 354.
Philocalyx, 269.
Philocarpus, 231.
Philohela, 584.
Philolimnos, 583.'%

Synonymous with Ptilopachus.

" Cuvier (1817.) Synonymous with Tropz-

The type is Cypselus dorhynchus.
% J. Geoffroy (1832). Synonymous with
Creadion.
Synonymous with Tringa. 'S Brehm (1830). Synonymous with Lymno-
Synonymous with Plo- cryptes.

INDEX. OF. GENERIC,

NAMES.

Philomachus, 542. 578.
Philomela, 172.
Phylidor, 137.
Phimosus, 565, 566.
Phimus, 394.
Phlyaconetta, App. 28.
Phodilus, 41.
Pheenicercus, 273.
Pheenicophaus, 459.
Pheenicopterus, 602.
Pheenicornis, 281.
Pheenicura, 180.
Pheenicurus, 180.
Pheenisoma, 363.
Pheethornis, 103.
Phoneus, 291.
Phonygama, 303.
Phragmaticola, App. 10.
Phrenothrix, 310.
Phrygilus, 376.
Phylidonyris. 117.
Phyllastrephus, 238.
Phyllomanes, 267.'
Phyllopneuste, 173, 174.
Phyllornis, 124.
Phylloscopus, 173.
Phylortyx, 513, 514.
Physeta, 15.?
Phytotoma, 390.
Piaya, 456.

Pica, 314.
Picathartes, 316.
Picerthia, 133.
Picoides, 434.
Picolaptes, 140.
Piculus, 432.
Picumnus, 432.
Picus, 434.
Pierorhina, App. 16.
Piezorhynchus, 260, 261.
Pingouin, 636.
Pinguinaria, 641.
Pinguinus, 636.
Pinicola, 387.
Pionus, 420, 421.
Pipastes, 205, 206.
Pipilo, 360.

Pipis, 543, 544.
Pipra, 273.
Pipraeidea, App. 17.
Pipreola, App. 17.
Piprisoma, App. 5.
Piprites, App. 13.
Piproidea, App. 17.°
Pitangus, 246.
Pithys, 208.

' Cabanis (1847).
sylvia.

* Synonymous with Herpetotheres.

5 Strickland (1841).
pracidea.

4G, R. Gray (1840).
Plectorhynchus.

3 Lesson (1837). Synonymous with Jthagenis.

Pitohua, App. 14.
Pitta, 203:
Pitylus, 361.
Pityriasis, 300.
Planetis, 658, 659.
Platalea, 559.
Platea, 559.
Platurus, 111. 113.
Platycercus, 407.
Platylophus, 305.

_ Platypus, 620.

Synonymous with Vireo-

Synonymous with Pi-

Synonymous with

| Platyrhynchus, 63. 255.
| Platysteira, 256.

| Platystomus, 66.

| Platyurus, 155.

Plectorhamphus, 128.*
Plectorhyncha, 128.
Plectrophanes, 378.
Plectrophora, 504. App. 24.
Plectropterus, 604.
Plectropus, 504.°

Plegades, 565.

Pleiodes, 480.

Plocealauda, 182.

| Plocepasser, 354.
| Ploceus, 351, 352.
| Plottus, 664.

Plotus, 664.
Plumipeda, 14.
Pluvialis, 543.

| Pluvianellus, 549.

Pluvianus, 536.
Plyctolophus, 424.
Pnoepyga, 156.
Podager, 52.
Podargus, 44.
Podeaithyia, 632.
Podica, 634.
Podiceps, 632.
Podilymbus, 633.
Podoa, 634.
Podoces, 305, 306.
Peeocephalus, 420.

| Peecila, 191, 192.

Peecilonitta, 615.
Pecilopteryx, App. 2.
Peecilornis, 21.
Poephila, 369, 370.
Pogonia, 427.
Pogonias, 427.
Pogoniolus, 429.
Pogonius, 427.
Pogonocichla, 263.°
Pogonornis, 123.
Poicephalus, 420.
Poliaétus, 17.7

6 Cabanis (1847).
stellata.

7 Kaup (1847).
ichthyaétus.

8 Hodgson (1844). Synonymous with Vultur.
Synonymous with Den.

'© Cabanis (1847).
dyocops.

_ Polyborus, 10.

| Polyplectron, 495.

The type is Muscicapa

The type is Pontoatétus

® Rafinesque(1815). Synonymous with Prion.

Polihierax, App. 2.
Poliocephalus, 632.
Poliornis, 29.
Polophilus, 454.
Polyboroides, 31.

Polyodon, 198, 199. 236.
Polypeira, 177.
Polyphasia, 462.

Polypteryx, 5.°
Polysticta, 624.
Polysticte, 430.
Polytelis, 409, 410.
Polytmus, 107, 108.
Pomatorhinus, 228.
Pomatorhynchus, 228.
Pontoaétus, 17.
Porphyrio, 598.
Porphyriops, App. 27.
Porzana, 593.
Preedatrix, 652.
Praticola, 124.
Pratincola, 164. 179.
Premnocopus, 139.!°
Priamphus, 649.°
Prinia, 162.
Priocella, 648.
Priofinus, 647.
Prion, 649.
Prionichilus, 99, 100.
Prionites, 67.
Prioniturus, 408.
Prionops, 292.
Priotelus, 70.
Probosciger, 424.
Procellaria, 648.
Procelsterna, 661.
Proenias, 280.
Procnopis, App. 17.
Proctopus, 632.
Prodotes, 450.
Progne, 59.
Proithera, 52.
Promepicus, 430.
Promerops, 96.
Proparus, 269.
Propyrrhula, App. 18.
Propasser, App. 18.
Prosorinia, 280.
Prosthemadera, 122.
Prunella, 187.
Psalidoramphus, 656.
Psaltria, 191, 192.
Psalurus, 47.3
Psammeenas, App. 26.

dropsalia.
cilonotus.

Sylvia.

‘4 Kaup (1845).

Tannus.

‘1 Swainson (1837).
% Blyth (1849).

'S Rafinesque (1815).

| Psaris, 253.

Psarisoma, App. 5.
Psarisomus, 65.

| Psarocolius, 342.

Psaroides, 334.
Psaropholus, 231, 232.
Psephotus, 407, 408.
Pseudastur, 12.!?
Pseudoluscinia, 171, 172.
Pseudops, 535.

| Pseudornis, 462.

Psilopogon, 430.
Psilopus, 189.

| Psilorhinus, 307.

Psittaca, 413.
Psittacara, 413.
Psittacodis, 418.
Psitacopis, 389.
Psittacula, 422.
Psittacus, 413. 420.
Psittacirostra, 389.
Psittapous, 416.
Psittinus, 409, 410.
Psittrichas, 427.
Psophia, 550.
Psophodes, 128.
Psoridus, 173.'3
Pternistis, 505.
Pteroaétus, 13, 14.
Pterocles, 518.
Pterocyanea, 616.
Pterocyclus, 226.
Pteroglossus, 403.
Pteropodocys, App. 13.

_ Pteroptochos, 155.

Pterura, App. 1.
Pteruthius, 270.
Pterythrius, 270.
Ptiliogonatis, 281.
Ptilochloris, 271.
Ptilogonys, 281.
Ptiloleptus, 456.
Ptilonopus, 466.
Ptilonorhynchus, 324.

| Ptilopachus, 504.

Ptilopachys, 504.
Ptilophyrus, 479.
Ptilopus, 466.
Ptiloris, 94.
Ptilostomus, 311.
Ptilotis, 121.
Ptiloturus, 96.
Ptilurus, 96.
Ptionura, 202.
Ptychorhamphus, 638.
Ptynx, 39. 664.

Synonymous with Hy-
The type is Buteo pe-
Synonymous with

The type is Spizaetus T'y-

Puerasia, 503.
Puffinaria, 646.
Pufhinus, 647.
Pycnonotus, 236.
Pyctes, 507.
Pygargus, 22.
Pygarrhichus, 149.
Pygoscelis, 640."
Pyranga, 363.
Pyrenestes, 356.
Pyrgita, 372.
Pyriglena, App. 9.
Pyrocephalus, 249.
Pyroderus, 317.
Pyromelana, 352.
Pyrophthalma, 173.
Pyrrhoplectes, App. 18.
Pyrrhocorax, 320,
Pyrrhodes, 416.
Pyrrholemus, 189.
Pyrrhospiza, 387.?
Pyrrhula, 386.
Pyrrhulauda, 381.
Pyrrota, 365.
Pytelia, 368, 369.

Querquedula, 516.
Querula, 239.
Queues-¢troites, 111.
Quiscala, 340.
Quiscalus, 340.

Racama, 7.
Rallina, 595.
Rallites, 593.
Rallus, 592.
Ramphastos, 402.
Ramphocznus, 157.
Ramphocelus, 363.

Ramphocinclus, 210, 211. ;

App. 7.
Ramphodon, 104.
Ramphopis, 363.
Raphipterus, 628.%
Raphus, 482.

Raya, 65.
Recurvirostra, 576.
Regerhinus, App. 2.
Reguloides, 174, 175.
Regulus, 174.
Rhantistes, 648.
Rhea, 527, 528.
Rhigelura, 634.
Rhimamphus, 195.

' Wagier (1832).
dyptes.

INDEX

Rhinoerypta, 154.
Rhynomya, 154.
Rhinopomastes, 90.
Rhinortha, 460.
Rhipidura, 258.
Rhizothera, 505, 506.
Rhodostethia, 653.
Rhopoterpe, App. 9.
Rhyacophilus, 572, 573.

~ Rhynchaceros, 400.'

Rhynchea, 584.

| Rhynchaspis, 617.

Rhynchochasme, 562.
Rhynchodon, 19.
Rhynchops, 656.

~ Rhynchopsalia, 656.

Rhynchotis, 525.
Rhyndace, 343.
Rhynoplax, 399.°
Rimator, 144.; App. 7.°
Rinopus, 468.
Rissa, 655.
Rollulus, 507.
Romeris, 467.
Rossia, 656.
Rostratula, 584.
Rostrhamus, 25.
Rubecula, 181.
Rubetra, 179.
Rubigula, 237.7

| Rubis, 111.
_ Rupicola, 274.
| Rupornis, 27.

Rusticola, 583.
Ruticilla, 180.
Rygchopsalia, 656.°

Sagittarius, 31.
Salanganes, 54.°
Salicaria, 171.
Salpiza, 485.
Salpornis, 144.
Saltator, 362.
Saphirs, 114.
Saraglossa, 328.
Sarciophorus, 542.
Sarcoramphus, 3.
Sarkidiornis, 605.

| Sarochalinus, 155.'°

Sasa, 396.

| Sasia, 432.

Synonymous with Eu-

Satyra, 499.
Saurophagus, 246.
Saurothera, 452.
Saxicola, 178.

” Blyth.

? Blyth (1845). Synonymous with Stro- chops.
cilophaga. ° J. Geoffroy.
* Gay (1844). Synonymous with Merganetta. lia

* Gloger (1842).
melanoleucus.

5 Gloger (1842).
seutatus.

5 Blyth (1847).

lodromus.

The type is Buceros
The type is Buceros

Synonymous with Cau-

rulaxis.
protes.

scarthmus.

"' Lesson (1845).

'® Gould (1838).

OF GENERIC

Synonymous with Pycnonotus.
8 Barriére (1745). Synonymous with Rhyn-

Synonymous with Colloca-

© Cabanis (1847). Synonymous with Me-

NAMES.

Saxicoloides, 185.
Saxilauda, 380, 381.
Scaphidura, 341.
Seaphidurus, 341.
Scaphorhynchus, 245.
Scelospiza, 28, 29.
Schizorhis, 395.

| Schizura, Suppl. App.

Scheeniclus, 579.

| Scheenicola, App. 10.

Sclerurus, 210.
Scolecophagus, 340.
Scolopacinus, 26.
Scolopax, 583.
Scops, 38. 553.
Scopus, 558.
Scortornis, 51.
Scoteeus, 557.
Scotocharis, 74.
Scotiaptex, 39.
Scotophilus, 40.
Scotornis, 51.
Scytalopus, 155.

_ Seythrops, 460.

Secretarius, 31.
Seicircus, 260.
Seisura, 260.
Seiurus, 188.

| Selasphorus, 111. 113.

Selenidera, 403.
Seleucides, 94.
Selochusa, 46.
Semeiophorus, 51, 52.
Senex, 9, 10.
Sephanoides, 111. 113.
Sericornis, 188.
Sericossy pha, 362."
Sericulus, 232.
Serilophus, 65.
Serinus, 370, 371.

_ Serisomus, 454.
| Serpentarius, 31.

Serpophaga, 251.!

| Serrirostrum, 137.

Setaria, 209, 210.
Setophaga, 264.
Setornis, Suppl. App.
Sialia, 184.

Sibia, 238.
Sibillatrix, 173, 174.
Simorhynchus, 569, 638."
Simornis, 65."
Simotes, App. 23.
Simus, 65.

Siphia, 263.

mus.

culus.

'® G. R. Gray (1840).

'* Blyth

Sissirostrum, 327.
Sitta, 147.

Sittace, 413.
Sittacilla, 141,
Sittasomus, 141.
Sittella, 148.
Siurus, 188.

Siva, 269.
Smaragdites, 107.
Smirornis, App. 13.
Solenoglossus, 424.
Somateria, 624.
Sparvius, 27.
Spathulea, 617.
Spatula, 617.
Spelectos, 394.
Spermagra, 362.
Spermestes, 369.
Spermolegus, 187.
Spermophaga, 356.
Spermophila, 385.
Spermospiza, 356.
Sphecothera, 231.
Sphecotheres, 231.
Spheniscus, 640, 641.
Sphenocercus, 467.!6
Sphenceacus, 163, 164.
Sphenopyga, 136.17
Sphenorhynchus, 560.
Sphenostoma, 194.
Sphenura, 167.
Sphenurus, 467.
Spicifer, 498.
Spilocircus, App. 2.
Spilornis, 16.

Spina, 377.
Spindalis, 364.
Spinus, 370. 377.
Spipola, 205.

Spiza, 374.
Spizacircus, App. 2.
Spizaétus, 14.
Spizastur, 14.
Spizella, 373. |
Spizogeranus, 14. 27.
Sporophila, 385.
Sporopipes, Suppl. App.
Sporothlastes, 369.
Spreo, 326.
Squatarola, 542.
Stagnicola, 599.

| Staparola, 173, 274.

Starna, 506,
_ Starneenas, 479.
| Steatornis, 44.

'% Merrem (1819). Synonymous with Pha-
leris, and has the priority.
' Hodgson (1844).

Synonymous with Si-
(1846). Synonymous with Cu-

Synonymous with

Synonymous with Lam- Sphenurus.
% Cabanis (1447). Synonymous with dn-
Synonymous with Lu- numbius,

INDEX OF

GENERIC NAMES.

Steganopus, 572.!
Stellaria, 624.
Stenorhynchus, 134.
Stephanophorus, 365.
Stercorarius, 652.
Sterna, 668.
Sternula, 658, 659.
Stipiturus, 165.
Stolida, 661.
Stoporala, App. 12.
Strachyris, App. 10.
Strepera, 302.
Strepsilas, 548.
Stridula, 41.?
Strigiceps, 32. 121.
Strigops, 426.

Strix, 41.
Strobilophaga, 387.
Struthidea, 309.
Struthio, 526.
Struthus, 370.
Sturnella, 337.
Sturnia, 334.
Sturnopastor, 336.
Sturnus, 336.
Suiriri, 250.

Sula, 666.

Sularius, 666.
Surnia, 33.
Surniculus, 462.
Suthora, 192.

Suya, 164.
Sycobius, 351.
Sylbeocyclus, 633.
Sylochelidon, 658.
Sylvania, 181. 264.°
Sylvia, 173.
Sylviaxis, 155.
Sylvicola, 195.
Sylvietta, Suppl. App.

Sylviorthorhynchus, Suppl.

App-
Sylviparus, 191.
Syma, 78, 79.
Symmorphus, 282, 283.
Symphemia, 572, 573.
Symplectes, 351.
Synallaxis, 135.°
Synoicus, 506, 507.
Synthliboramphus, 644.
Sypheotides, 533.
Syrmaticus, 496.
Syrnium, 39.
Syrrhaptes, 519.

Taccocua, 460.°
Tachea, 527.

Tachornis, App. 4.
Tachuris, 175.
Tachydromus, 536.
Tachypetes, 669.
Tachyphonus, 365.
Tachyspiza, 28, 29.
Tachytriorchis, 11, 12.
Tadorna, 612.

| Tenioptera, 241.
| Talegalla, 488.
_ Talegallus, 488.

Tamatia, 73.
Tamnolanius, 208.
Tanagra, 364.
Tanagrella, 366.
Tantalides, 565.
Tantalus, 564.
Tanygnathus, 420.
Tanypus, 204.
Tanysiptera, 78.
Tardivola, 360.
Tarsiger, 180, 181.
Tatare, App. 8.

| Tchitrea, 259.

Telmatias, 582.
Telophorus, 292.

| Temia, 310.

Temnoris, 192.

| Temnurus, 70. 310.

Tentheca, 289.
Tephrodornis, 289.
Terathopius, 18.
Terekia, 569.
Terpsichore, 257.
Tersa, 277.

| Tersina, 277.

Tesia, 156.
Tetrao, 516.

| Tetraogallus, 502.
| Tetraoperdix, 508.

Tetrapteryx, 553.
Tetrastes, 516.
Tetrax, 532.
Tetroura, App. 3.
Textor, 350.
Thalassea, 658.
Thalasseus, 658, 659.
Thalassidroma, 647.
Thalassiornis, 626.
Thalassites, 660.

| Thalassoaétus, 17.

Thaluronia, App. 5.
Thamnobia, 185.
Thamnodus, 173.
Thamnophilus, 297.

Thamnomanes, App. 12.

Tharrhaleus, 187.

Thaumalea, 497.

Thraupis, 364.

Theristicus, 565.

Thiellus, 647.

Thinocorus, 521.

| Thinornis, 544.

Thrasaétus, 15.

Thremmaphilus, 334.

Threnoedus, 239.7

| Threskiornis, 565, 566.

Thryothorus, 157, 158.

Tiaris, 375.

Tichodroma, 144.

| Tichornis, 21.

| Tiga, 441.

Tigrisoma, 556.

Tijuca, App. 13.

Timalia, 228.

Timixos, 271.8

Tinactor, 210.

Tinamotis, 525.

Tinamus, 524.

_ Tinnunculus, 21.

Tinochorus, 521.

Tityra, 253.

Tmetoceros, 400.9

| Tockus, 399.

Todiramphus, 78, 79.

Todirostrum, 257.

Todus, 63.

Topaza, 109.

Topazes, 109.

Toria, 467.; App. 23.

Torquilla, 448.

| Totanus, 572.

Toxostoma, 220.

Trachelia, 538.

Trachelonetta, 615.

Trachyphonus, 430.

Tragopan, 399. 499.

Trepsiphone, 42.

Treron, 467.

| Tribonyx, 599.

Tribura, 171, 172.

Triccus, 257.!°

Trichas, 197.

Trichastoma, 208.

| Trichixos, Suppl. App.
Trichoglossus, 411.

| Trichophorus, 235.

| Triclaria, 421, 422.
Tridactylia, 434.

| Tridactylus, 510.

| Tringa, 579.
Tringoides, 573.

| Tripobrotus, 140."

Tripophaga, 138."

Triorchis, 12.
Tripsurus, 442.
Triptorhinus, App. 7.
Trochalopteron, 225.
Trochilus, 109. 576.
Troglodytes, 157.
Trogon, 69.
Tropicophilus, 662.
Tropidorhynchus, 124.
Trugon, App. 24.
Trupialis, 346.1%
Tucana, 402.

Turaco, 394.
Turacus, 394.

_ Turdampelis, 240.

Turdinus, 209, 210.
Turdirostris, App. 9.
Turdoides, 236.
Turdus, 218. 231.
Turnagra, 227.
Turnicigralla, 511.
Turnix, 510.
Turtur, 472.

Tuyus, 527.
Tylorhamphus, 638.
Tyrannula, 248.
Tyrannulus,
Tyrannus, 245, 246.

Vaginalis, 522.
Vanellus, 540. 542.
Vanga, 299.
Vermivora, 195.
Verrulia, 478.
Vestiaria, 95.
Vidua, 354.
Vigorsia, 407.
Vinago, 467.
Viralva, 659.
Vireo, 267.
Vireosylvia, 267.
Vitiflora, 178.
Vivia, 432.

Ulula, 39.
Uncirostrum, 137.
Undina, 627.

| .
Volvocivora, 282.

Upucerthia, 132.
Upupa, 89.
Uragus, 387.
Uria, 644.
Urinator, 630.
Uroaétus, 13, 14.
Urogallus, 516.
Urospiza, 28, 29.

| Urrua, 37.

'! Vieillot (1823). Synonymous with Totanus.

2 Sel. Longch. (1842). Synonymous with
Striz.

3 Blyth (1847). Synonymous with Bradybates.

4 Burton (1835). Probably synonymous with
Parus.

5 Established in 1818, N. Dict. d’ Hist. Nat.
Xxvi, p. 117.

6 Lesson (1831).
clostomus.

7 Gloger (1842).
rula.

8 Blyth (1842).
cephala.

® Cabanis (1847).

corvus.

Synonymous with Zan-
Synonymous with Que-
Synonymous with Puchy-

Synonymous with Bu-

10 Cabanis (1846).
dirostrum.

1 Cabanis (1847).
laptes.

12 Cabanis (1847).
macrourus.

18 Merrem (1826).
laius.

Synonymous with To-
Synonymous with Pico-
The type is Anabates

Synonymous with Age-

Urubitinga, 14.
Utamania, 636, 637.
Vulpanser, 612.
Vultur, 5.

Weebongia, 369.
Wilsonia, 265.!

Xanthomyza, 121.

Xanthopygia, App. 12.

' Pr. Bonaparte (1838).
Myiodioctes. '

Sy honymous with

INDEX OF

| Xanthornus, 343.

Xema, 654.
Xenophasia, 141.
Xenopipo, App. 13.
Xenops, App. 7.
Xenurus, 243.

Xenus, 569, 570.
Xerophila, 194.
Xiphidiorhynchus, 577.
Xiphocolaptes, App. 6.

Enalius.

GENERIC

* Pr. Bonaparte (1839).

NAMES.

Xipholena, App. 13.

Xiphorhynchus, 140.

Xolmis, 241.
Xylocota, 583.”

Yetapa, 243.3
Yphantes, 344.
Yuhina, 198.

| Yunx, 448.

Synonymous with

Zanclostomus, 460.
Zanthomyza, 121.
Zaporina, 593,

Zenaida, 474.

Zenophasia, 141,
Ziphorhamphus, 228, 229.
Ziphorhynchus, 228.
Zonotrichia, 373.
Zoothera, 217.

Zosterops, 197.

$ Lesson (1831),
trurus,

Synonymous with dleve-

INDEX OF

Page

Abbottii Blyth, Malacopteron - App. 9
Abdimi Licht. Ciconia, 6. - - 561
abdominalis Wagl. Pitta, 16. - - 213
Abeillei Less. Arremon = . App. 16
Less, Guiraca, 4. - = = 357

Less. Icterus, 20. - - 343

De Latr. & Less, Mellisuga, 37. - 112

Less. Psophodes, 1. - - 129

Less. Pterocyclus, 3. - - 226

Less. Spermophila, 22. = - 886

Less. Xenops - - App. 7
aberrans Smith, Drymoica, 24, - - 163
Blyth, Pyenonotus - App. 11

Nils, Sylvia, 21. - - - 174

abietina Meyer, Loxia - - App. 18
abietinus Bechst. Falco, 4. - - 19
Abingtoni Smith, Campethera - App. 21
abnormis Temm. Sasia, 1]. - - - 433
aburri Gould, Penelope, 3. - - 485
abyssinica Gmel. Coracias, 2. - - 62
Riipp. Eulabeornis, 5. 5953; App. 27

Gray, Eupodotis, 4. - - 533

Guér. Hirundo, 47. - 58; App. 4

Gmel. Hyphantornis, 3. - - 351

Gmel. Laimodon, 4. - - 428

Hemp. & Ehrenb. Nectarinia, 34. 98

Lath. 'Treron, 9. 467; App. 23

Guér. Zosterops, 10. — - - 198

abyssinicus Gmel. Bucorvus, 1. 400; App. 19
Hempr. & Ehrenb. Dendrobates, 2. 437

Stanl, Dendrobates - App. 21

Cuv. Hyphantornis, 21. - 351

Steph, Laimodon, 4. - - 428

Spier. Otus, 8. - - 40

Gmel. Ploceus, 12. - - 352

Gmel. Turdus, 90. - - 219

abyssinus Bodd. Coracias, 2. - - 62
acacia Riipp. Crateropus - - App. 10
acadica Temm. Athene, 10. - 35; App. 3
acadicus G'mel. Myiobius, 8. - - 249
acadiensis Lath. Nyctale - - App. 3
acanthylis Less. Epimachus, 2. - - 94
accipitrina Pall. Otus, 3. - - - 40
accipitrinus Linn. Psittacus, 32. 421; App. 20
acclamator Bartr. Syrnium, 2. ” - 39
acoli Daud. Circus, 7. - - - 82
acormus Hodgs. Muscicapa - App. 12
acredula Linn. Sylvia, 17. - - - 174
acrorhynchus Vigors, Oriolus, 5. - - 232
acteon Less. Halcyon, 7. - - - 79
acuflavida Cabot, Sterna = - - App. 29
acuminata Horsf. Tringa - - App, 26
acurou Shaw, Chrysotis, 6. - - 422
acuta Gmel. Acanthylis, 2. - - 55
Linn. Datfila, 1. - - - 615
acuticauda Gould, Amadina, 26. - - 370
Hodgs. Amadina, 34, - - 370

Gray, Hydrochelidon, 7. - 660
acuticaudatus Less. Annumbius, 1. - 137
Vieill. Conurus, 1. 413; App. 19

Vieill, Lanius, 27, - - 291

acutipennis Bodd. Chordeiles, 3. - - 49

acutirostris Spiz, Conurus, 27.
Gould, Neomorpha, 1.
Tschudi, Pteroptochos
Tschudi, Sterna, 31.
Eyton, Timalia
acutus Gmel. Chordeiles, 3.
Adansoni Temm. Francolinus, 8.
Addz Boure. Mellisuga, 59.

adela D’ Orb. & Lafr. Oreotrochilus, 4. =

Adelaide Gould, Platycercus, 2.
Adelberti Gerv. Nectarinia, 23.

Adeliz Homb. & Jacq. Eudyptes, 7.
- App. 24

adspersa Tschudi, Ortalida
adspersus Waterh. Francolinus, 18.
Temm. Tinamus, 4.
Licht. Tinamus, 5.
adunea Linn. Anas, 1. -
zdon Pall. Luscinia, 1. -
Vieill. Troglodytes, 4,
edonia Vieill. Sylvia, 11. -
zgithaloides Licht. Pipra, 6.
Kittl. Synallaxis, 5.
zgocephala Linn. Limosa, 1.
zgolius Pall, Otus, 3. -
zgyptiaca Lath, Turtur, 8.
zgyptiacus Linn. Chenalopex, 8.
Steph. Neophron, 1.
ewgyptius Licht. Caprimulgus, 7.
Gmel. Centropus, 1.
var. 8, Lath. Centropus,
Linn, Charadrius, 14.
Forsk. Merops, 3.
Gmel. Milvus, 2.
Temm. Otogyps, 1.
Linn. Pluvianus, 1.
Hempr. Vanellus, 1.

- - 414

- App. 7

- - 408

- - 524
> - 615
173

- - 174

544
- 86; App. 5
- 24; App. 2

4

536; App. 25
- - 541

zmodius Hodgs. Conostoma, 1. = - 312
Hodgs. Parus, 21. - - 192

awnea Linn. Carpophaga, 1. 468; App. 23
Quoy & Gaim. Carpophaga— - App. 23
Vieill. Chaptia, 1. - - - 288
Sundev. Euphonia, 21. - 367; App. 17
Linn. Juida, 1. - - - 326
Vieill. Nectarinia, 31. - - 98
Cuv. Parra, 12. - - - 588
ewneocauda Gould, Mellisuga, 44. - - 113
zneus Licht. Agelaius, 11. - - 347
Cuv. Gallus, 2. - - - 499
znobarbus Jemm. Pteruthius, 3. - - 270
znothetus Scop. Sterna, 14. - - 659
equatorialis Riipp. Gallinago. - App. 26
Riipp. Yunx, 3. - - 448
aquinoctialis Mont. Ardea, 39. - - 556
Gmel. Morpbnus. - App. 1

Linn. Puftinus, 13.
Gmel. Trichas, 3.
zquinoctialis Swains. Troglodytes,
zwquorea Sol. MS. Thalassidroma,
wratus Steph. Chaptia, 1. =
Steph. Cuculus, 33.
zreus Vieill. Cuculus, 33. -
wruginosus Licht, Chloronerpes.

10. -

647; App. 29

~ 197
- 158
648
288
463
463
2 App. 22

13.

SPECIFIC NAMES.

eruginosus Linn. Circus, 13. =
Linn. Conurus, 12.
Kl. Enneoctonus, 1.
Eyton, Perdix, 8:

zsalon Gmel. Hypotriorchis, 10.

Page

Swains. & Rich. Hypotriochis, 11. -

zstigma Hodgs. Muscicapa -
zstiva Gel. Mniotilta, 2. - -

Gmel. Pyranga, 2. = =
zstivalis Licht. Ammodromus, 6. =

zstivus Kuhl, Chrysotis, 6. -
zthereus Pr. Max. Nyctibius, 5. -
Audub. Phaéton, 4. .-
Linn. Phaéton, 1. -

zthiopica Riipp. Campethera, 7. -
zthiopicus Lath. Geronticus, 5. =
Lath. Laniarius, 21. -

zthiops Cuv. Centropus, 16. -
Sparr. Fulica, 1. - 3

Forst. Gallinula - =

afer Licht. Dicrurus, 6. - -
Lath. Francolinus, 16. =
Lath, Lanius, 20. - -
Linn. Leptosomus - -
Frankl. Oxylophus, 3. -
Steph. Oxylopbus, 4. - -
Gmel. Parus, 19. ~ =
Gmel. Ploceus, 13. = -
affine Blyth, Malacopteron, 4. -
affinis -Hodgs. Accipiter, 10. ~
Horsf. Arachnothera, 2. °

Horsf. Ardea, 39. = -

D’ Orb. & Lafr. Arremon, 1.

Blyth, Batrachostomus -
Swains. Cacicus, 9. -
Hodgs. Calamodyta, 23. =
Hay, Calornis - -

Riipp. Campephaga, 19. -
Horsf. Caprimulgus, 16. -
Horsf. Centropus, 5.

App.

32

413; App. 69

291

506; App. 24
20; App. 2

20
12
196
364
374
422
46
663
663

455; App. 22.

Less, Centropus, 15, - - 455
Boie, Charadrius, 2. - - 544
Swains. Chloronerpes, 14. - - 443
M‘ Cell. Coracias, 8. - 62; App. 4
Riipp. Corvus, 8. - - - 315
Brehm, Corvus - - App. 15
Homb. & Jacq. Criniger, 11. - 236
Swains. Cyphorhinus - App. 7
Gray, Cypselus, 6. 54; App. 4
Blyth, Dicrurus, 6. - - - 286
Smith, Drymoica, 22. - - 163
Less. Euphonia, 20. - - 867
D’ Orb. & Lafr. Formicarius, 22. - 211
Eyton, Fuligula, 4. - - 621
Raffl. Gecinus, 11. - - - 439
Harti. Geococeyx, 2. - ~ 453
G. R. Gray, Laniarius, 18. - - 299
Less. Melithreptus, 8. 128; App. 6
Gould, Milvus, 4. - - - 24
Jerd, Mirafra - - App. 18
Shaw, Monasa, 1. - - - 74
Tich. Motacilla - - App. 9

60 INDEX OF

Page

affinis Swains. Myiobius, 34. - = 249
Riipp. Nectarinia, 30. - - 98
Shaw, Nectarinia, 48. - - 98
Jerd. Nettapus, 1. - - - 608
Riipp. OSdienemus, 2. - - 535
Gould, Oriolus - - App. 11
G. R. Gray, Ortygometra, 8. - 593
Vigors, Ortyx, 9. - - - 514
Gould, Pardalotus, 2. . - 271
M‘Clell, Pericrocotus, 6. - - 282
Lafr. Picolaptes, 10. - - 140
Horsf. Pitta, 9. - - = 213
Hodgs, Pterocyclus . App. 10
Swains. Pteroptochos, 4, 155; App. 7
Less. Ramphopis, 4. - - 363
Tick. Regulus, 5. - - - 175
Blyth, Sitta - - App. 7
Hlorsf. Sterna, 11. - - - 659
Riipp. Sterna, 6. - ~ - 658
Blyth, Sylvia, 7. - - - 174
Less. Tityra, 37. = - - 254
Hay, Tchitrea, 1. - - App. 12
Blyth, Tepbrodornis - App. 14
Jerd. Timalia - - App. 10
Horsf. Totanus, 3, - - - 573
Jerd, Treron - - App. 23
Blyth, Turdus, 98. - - - 219
Swains. Xenops = - App. 7
Blyth, Zanclostomus . App. 23
afra Gmel. Estrelda, $5. - - - 869
Gmel. Eupodotis, 9. - - - 533
Lath, Eurystomus, 3. - - 62
Gmel. Motacilla, 6. - - - 203
Linn. Nectarinia, 1. - 97
Linn. Peristera, 9. - 476; App. 24
africana Pr. Bonap. Athene - ’ App. 3
Linn, Buphaga, 1. - - 332
Gmel. Certhilauda, 1 883; App. 18
Gmel, Drymoica, 48. - - 163
A. Smith, Fringillaria Seep Ba lig
Gmel. Nyroca, 4. - ~ - 621
Temm. Otus, 5. - - - 40
Gmel. Parra, 9. - - - 589
Eyton, Sarkidiornis, 2. ~ - 605
Lath. Schizorbis, 1. - - 395
Gmel. Sterna, 20. = - = 659
Shaw, Surnia, 2. - - - 33
Gmel. Tringa, 16. - - - 579
Bechst, Upupa, 2. - - - 90
africanoides A. Smith, Megalophnus, 7. - 382
africanus Steph. Bubo . - App. 3
Gmel. Buceros, 1. - - 399
Steph. Caprimulgus - App. 3
Bonn. Chenalopex, 2. - - 605
Gray, Dendrobates, 14. - - 487
Vig. & Horsf. Drymoica, 48. - 164
Gmel. Graculus, 26. 667; App. 30
Steph. Leptosomus - App. 22

Swains. Macrodipteryx, 1. = 52

A. Smith, Megalophonus, 6 382;

App. 18

Lath. Pluvianus, 1. - - 536

Shaw, Serpentarius, 1. - - $i

Shaw, Turacus, 1. - - 395

Jacq. Turdus, 37. - - 219

Desfont. Turnix, 1. - - 510

afroides A. Smith, Eupodotis, 10. - - 533
agami Gmel. Ardea, 36, - - - 556
agilis Frankl. Anthus, 25. - - - 206
Jerd Anthus - - App. 9

Tick. Dieeum - - App. 5

Lath. Glyciphila, 7. - - - 119
Lath. Melithreptus - - App. 6
Gmel. Myiobius, 29. - - - 249
Gmel. Psittacus, 23. - - - 421

Wils. Trichas, 4. - - - 197
Licht. Vireo, 11. - - 268
aglaie Bourc. & Muls, Polytmus, 73, - 109
Lafr. Tityra, 30. - - - 254
agricola Jerd. Calamodyta, 33. - - 172
Tick. Turtur - - App. 23
agripennis Pr. Bonap. Dolichonyx, 1 - 349
aguia Temm. Pontoaétus, 6. - - 18
ajaja Linn. Platalea, 6. - 559; App. 26

ajax Temm. Eupetes, 2. - = - 208

Page

akahige Temm. Erythacus, 3. - - 182
akaroa Less. Drepanis, 2. - - - 96
akool Sykes, Corethrura, 14, - - 595
alapis Gmel. Formicivora, 16. - - 212
Gmel. Troglodytes, 28. - - 158
alaudarius Daud. Sturnella, 1. - - 337
Briss. Tinnunculus, 1. 21; App. 2

alaudina Kitél. Evuspiza, 9. 376; App. 17
D’ Orb. & Lafr. a pec ccntater 43. 386

alba Gmel. Ardea, 12. 555; App. 25
Gmel. Carpophaga, 3. 468 ; App. 23
Forst. Chionis, 1. - 522; App. 25
Briss. Ciconia, 1. - - - 561
Sparrm. Gygis, 1. - - - 660
Linn. Ibis, 2. - - - 565
Linn. Limosa, 7. - - - 570
Linn. Motacilla, 1. - - - 203
Scop. Platalea, 1 - - - 559
Lath. Porphyrio, 5. - - - 598
Gmel. Procellaria, 8. = - - 648
Thunb. Procnias, 2. - - - 280
Sparrm. Rhipidura, 10. - - 258
Temm. Sula, 1. - - - 666
Gmel. Syrnium, 1. - - = $39

albatrus Forst. Diomedea - - App. 29

albellus Linn. Mergellus, 1 629; App. 28

albeola Linn. Clangula, 5. 622; App. 28

Pall, Motacilla, 1. - - - 203

var Pall. Motacilla, 3. - - 203
albescens Bodd. Astur, 1. - - Sh
Less. Cireus, 3. - - =e By

Lafr. Megalophonus, 2, - - $82

Shaw, Spizaetus, 5. 14; App. 1.

Temm. Synallaxis, 1. - - 135

Gould, 'Tityra, 31. - - 254

Temm. 'Tringa, 13. 579; App. 26.

albicans Riipp. Aquila, 7. - - = als
Gmel, Circus, 1. - - - 32

Lath. Falco, 2. = = > 19

Lafr. Thamnophilus, 28. - - 298
albicapilla Swains. Bessonornis, 6. - - 220
Vieill. Bessonornis, 5. = = 220

Gmel. Chaleophaps, 1. = - 477

Vieill. Chettusia, 6. - - 541

Vieill, Cyanocorax, 7. = - 307

Vieill. Elania, 23. - - 251

Vieill. Myiobius, 27, — = - 249

Blyth, Psilorhinus - App. 14

albicauda Less. Buteo, 10. - - 12

albicaudata Jerd. Niltava, 15. 264.; App. 12

albicaudatus Vieill. Buteo, 10. - - 12

albicaudus Gmel. Haliaétus, 1. - me ee

albiceps Temm. Hoplopterus, 7. - - 542

D Orb. & Lafr. Myiobius, 30. - 249
D Orb. & Lafr. Synallezis ¢ fs - 135

albicilla Vieill, Elania, 22. - - 251
Less. Haleyon, 17. - - 79
Linn. Haliaétus, 1. - oe alv¢
Pall. Haliaétus, 3. - - 17
Vigors & Horsf. Haliactus, 6. - 17

var. Lath. Pontoaetus, 5.
albicillus Less. Certhiparus, 3. = - 194
albicollis Vieill. Acanthylis, 6. - ~ 55
Vieill. Ardea, 34. - - 556
Lath. Buteo, 15. - 12
Gmel. Caprimulgus, 28. - 48; App.3
Vieill. Cireus - - - App. 2
Lath. Daud. Corvus, 25. - 315

Vieill. Dendrocolaptes, 2. - 140; App. 6

Less. Dendrocolaptes - - App. 6
Gmel. Geronticus, 14. - 566
Pr, Maz. Geronticus - App. 26
Tick. Graculus, 4, - - 667
Vieill. Himantopus, 1. - 577
Vieill. Hydrobata, 1. - - 215
Leadb. Indicator, 7. - - 451
Vieill. Merops, 4. - - 86
Gmel. Mniotilta, 2. - - 196
Temm. Muscicapa, 3. - - 262
Vieill. Muscicapa, 61. = - 263

Vieill. Myiobius, 71. - 249; Lean 11

Vieill. Ortygometra, 13. - - 593
Vieill. Pachycephala, 1. - - 271
Vieill. Pica, 8 - 314; App. 15
Less. Podiceps - - App. 28

SPECIFIC NAMES.

Page
albicollis Vieill. Polytmus, 43. - - 108
Horsf. Pomatorhinus, 6. - 229; ARP 10
Swains. Priotelus, 1. - 70
Kittl. Pteroptochos, 1. = 155; App. 7

D Orb. & Lafr. 5! Merc 15. - 364

Swains. Rhynchops, 3. - tak App. 29

Vieill. Saltator, 10. - 363

Vieill. Saxicola, 3. - - 178

Swains. Vemnurus, 1. - - 70

Cuv. Troglodytes, 19. - ~ 148

Royle, Turdus, 24. ~ - 219

Vieill. 'Yurdus, 55. -~ 219

Vieill, Turdus, 81. - 219; App. 10

Gmel. Zonotrichia, 1. = - 373
albidiadema Lafr. Setophaga - App. 12
albidus Cuv. Cireaétus, 7. - = <n 16
Pall. Graculus, 34. io - 668
albifacies G. R. Gray, Athene, 33. - ~ 635
albifasciata Riipp. Saxicola, 18. - - 179
albifrons Gmel. Anser, 3. - * - 607
Kaup, Astur, 13. - - - 27

Kuhl, Centurus - - App. 22

Meyer, Charadrius, 17. - - 544

Lafr. Conirostrum, 2. -
Shaw, Coracias, 2. - - 62

Swains. Corethrura, 8. - - 595

Gmel. Dasycephala, 9. - - 208

Jard. & Selby, Ephthianura, 1, - 205;

App. 9

Bote, Ephthianura - App. 9

Lath. Euphonia, 8, - - 367

Gould, Glyciphila, 2. - - 119

Spix, Monasa, 3. - - 74

Vieill. Mniotilta, 76. - - 197

Sparrm. Muscicapa, 10. - 263

Tschudi, Muscisaxicola, 5. - 202

Gmel. Petroica, 16. - - 183

Sparrm. Psittacus, 26, - - 421

Vigors, Pyrenestes, 2. - - 356

Brandt, Ruticilla, 9. - - 180

Riipp. Thamnobia, 5. - - 185

Gray, Timalia, 11. - - 228

Swains. Tityra, 23. - ~ 254
albifrontata G. R. Gray, Acanthiza, 25. ~- 189
albigula Hodgs. Garrulax, 7. - - 2295
Brandt, Graculus, 20. - - 667

Hodgs. Rhipidura - et 12
albigularis A. Smith, Crithagra, 1. - - 885
Gould, Entomophila, 2. - - 118

Strickl. Hirundo Suppl. App. SOa

Spix, Polytmus, 43. - - 108

Blyth, Turdus - - App. 10

albilatera Lafr. Diglossa, 6. - = 187
albimaculatus Cuv. pel Ti - 50
Albini Less. Crax, 2. - - 486
albinucha D’ Orb. & Lafr. Reber » = 361
J. Geoffr. Parra, 11. - - 589

Cabot, Troglodytes - App. 7

albipennis Licht. Fuligula - - App. 28
Licht. Larus, 28. - - 654

Gould, Nettapus, 1. - - 608

Gould, Petrophassa, 1. - - 476

Gould, Tropidorhynehus, 18. = - 125

albipes Hodgs. Haliaétus, 6. - = 17
albirictus Hodgs. Dicrurus, 12. - - 287
albirostris Vieill. Aquila, 16 - =a
Shaw, Buceros, 5. - 399

Vieill. Cacieus, 13. 342; App. 15
Vieill, Dryocopus, 3. 436; App, 21
Lath. Galbula, 5. - 83

Vieill. Hylocharis, 15. - - 114

Temm. Indicator, 7. 451; App. 22

Ripp. Juida, 22. - - 327

Swains. Ploceus, 3. - - 352

Less. Polytmus, 41. - - 108

Bodd, Ramphopis, 1. - - 363

Licht. Rhynchops, 4. 656; App. 29

Swuins. Textor, 2. - 350
albiscapa Gould, Rhipidura, 2. - - 258
albiscapulata Riipp. Thamnobia, 7. - 185
albitempora Lafr. Tachyphonus- - App. 17
albitorques Rijpp. Columba, 10, - - 470
Dubus, Tityra - - App. 11

albiventer Less. Amadina, 48. - - 370

Steph. Anthochera - App. 6

INDEX OF SPECIFIC NAMES.

Page

albiventer Steph. Anthochera, 1. = - 122
Steph. Dicrurus, 9. - - 287

Spix, Fluvicola, 4. - - 242

Less. Galbula, 4. - - 83

Less. Graculus, 19. - - 667

Spix, Harpagus, 1. - - 22

Bodd. Hirundo, 28, - 58; App. 4

Less. Ortalida, 3. - - 485

Wagl. Ortalida, 2. - - 485

Vieill, Pica, 1. - - - 314

Less. Polytmus, 40. - - 108

Swains. Rallus, 12. - - 593

Cuv, Trogon, 21. - - 70

Spix, Turdus, 55. - - 219
albiventris Gould, Artamus - App. 13
G. R. Gray, Calliste, 22. - 366

Wagl. Campephaga - App. 13

Steph. Glyciphila, 1. = - 119

Scop. Halcyon, 9. - 79; App. 4

Swains. Juida, 24. - - 327

Vieill. Progne, 3. - 59

Ménétr. Ere 6. 155); hoe 7

Hodgs. Tesia, 1. - - 156

Spiz, 'Thamnophilus, 10. - 297

G. R. Gray, Turtur, 11. - - 472

albivertex Blyth, Cuculus - - App. 23
albivittatus Bois. Pteroglossus, 31. - 404
albocollaris Less. Spermophila, 57. - 386
albo-coronatus Gould, Euscarthmus, 5. - 251
albocristata Lafr. Lamprotes, 2. 362; App. 16
albocristatus Cuss. Buceros - App. 19
Vigors, Gallophasis, 5 - 498

Strichl. Turacus, 3. = - 395

albofasciata Lafr. Certhilauda, 5. $83; App. 18
albo-frenatus Bois. Arremon, 12. - - 361
albofrontata Frankl. Rhipidura, 9 - 258
albogularis Gould, Acanthiza, 15. 189; App. 8
Spix, Anabates, 8. - - 138

Vig. & Horsf. Eurostopodus, 1. 50;

App. 4

Spix, Furnarius, 1. - - 182

Spix, Galbula, 10. - - 83

Gould, Garrulax, 7. + - 225

Blyth, Halcyon, 12. - - 79

Blyth, Macronus, 11. = - 210

Hartl. Macronus, 13. - - 210

Gould, Melithreptus - App. 6

Gould, Milvago, 4. - - 10

Blyth, Muscicapa, 34, - - 253

Less. Pernis, 6. = - 24

King, Picolaptes, 12. - - 140

Gould, Pteroptochos, 6. - 155

Less. Rhipidura, 12. - - 259

Swains. Sclerurus, 1. - - 210

Spix, Spermophila, 4. - - 386

Blyth, Spizaétus, 11. - - 14

Cass, Syrnium Suppl. App. 30a

Blyth, Timalia - App. 10

Gould, Zosterops, 6. - - 198

alboides Hodgs. Motacilla, 4. - - 203
albolineatus D’ Orb & Lafr. Donacobius, 2. 223
Lafr. Pieolaptes Suppl. APP: 30a
albomarginata Spiz, Athene, 23. - 35
albonotata Cassin, Vidua, 11. - - 355
albonotatus G. R. Gray, Buteo, 11. - 12
Tick, Caprimulgus - App. 3

Less. Telophorus, 7. = - 292

Spix, Thamnophilus, 21. 298;

App. 14

albo-ocellatum Cuv. Polyplectron, 2. - 495
albo-ochracea, Jacq. Fringilla, 7. - - 371
albospecularis Hyd. & Gerv. Thamnobia, 9. 185
albosquamatus D’ Orb, & Lafr. Picumnus, 6. 432
albostriata G. R. Gray, Hydrochelidon, 2. 660
albostrigatus Vig. & Horsf. Cuculus, 40. ~ 463
albotorquatus Bonn. Phasianus, 2. - - 497
albo-vittatus Cuv. Artamus, 5. - - 285
albus Vieill. Anastomus, 1. - - 562
Gmel. Aquila, 1. - - - 187

Shaw, Astur, 6. - - a Py
Daud. Buteo, 1. - - = tl
Blum. Epimachus, 2 - 94

Gmel. Lagopus, 2. - 517; App. 25

Scop. Lanius, 29. - - - 291

Scop. Larus, 24. - - ~ 654

Page

albus Daud. Neopbron, 1. ~ - so) ee,
Gmel. Polytmus, 10. - - 107
alechata Linn. Pterocles, 1 518; PD: 25
aleyon Linn. Ceryle,3. = 82
Aldrovandi Ray, Ephialtes, 1. - - 38
Reinw. Hypotriorchis, 3. - 20

Wils. Pavo, 2. - - - 494

Shaw, Ramphastos, 16. - 403

alecto Temm. Microglossum, 2. - - 424
Temm. Monarcha, 4. - - 260

Temm. Textor, 1. - - - 350
alector Pr. Max. Alectrurus,1. - - 243
Linn. Crax, 1. - 486; App. 24
alectrura Vieill. Alectrurus, 1. - - 243
aleutica Pall. Phaleris, 8. - - 638
Alexandri Bourc. & Muls. Mellisuga, 80. - 113
var. Gel. Palzornis, 12. - 410

Linn, Palzornis, 1. - - 409
alexandrinus Hasselg. Charadrius, 17. - 544
algeriensis Less. Lanius, 3. - - 290
algirus Vieill, Gecinus - ~ App. 21
alice Boure. § Muls. Trochilus Suppl. App. 30a
alene Boure. Hylocharis, 6. - - 114
Allardi Boure. Mellisuga, 36. - - 112
alle Linn. Arctica, 1. - = - 645
Alleni Thom, Porphyrio, 7. - - 598
alpestris Pall, Hirundo, 11. - - 57
Gmel. jun. Otocoris, 2. - - 382

Linn. Otocoris, 1. 382; App. 18

alpicola Pall. Fringilla, 74. - - 372
alpina Scop. Cypselus, 3. - - - 54
Motch, 'Tetraogallus - = 503

Linn. Tringa, 7. - = - 579
alpinus G'mel. Accentor, 1. - - 187
Temm. Cypselus, 3. - - 54

Daud. Gypaétus, 1. = 5 g

Nils. Lagopus, 3. - - - 517

Gmel. Parus, 49. - - - 192

Vieill, Pyrrhocorax, 1. - - 320

altaica Gebler, 'Tetraogallus - - 503
altaicus Brandt, Accentor, 9. - - 187
alticeps Brehm, Archibuteo, 1. - = 19
altiloquus, Vieill. Vireo, 7. - - - 268
altirostris Blyth, Temnurus, 10. - - 310
altisonans Pr. Bonap. Calamodyta, 16. - 172
aluco Linn. Syrnium, 1. - - 39; App. 3
amabilis Pr. Bonap. Zenaida, 1. - - 475
amena Say, Spiza, 3. . - - 375
amznus Horsf. Copsychus, 1. - - 117
amandava Linn, Estrelda, 3. - - 368
amaryllis Boure. § Muls. Trochilus Suppl. App.
30a

amaurocephala Cab. Elania - App. 11
amauroptera Pears. Haleyon, 16 79; App. 4
amaurotis, Temm. Anabates, 2. - - 138
Temm. Microseelis, 1, - = 235

amazili Less. Polytmus, 70. - - 108
amazona Gmel. Ceryle, 7. = - - 82
amazonicus Gmel. Chrysotis, 6. - - 422
Kuhl, Chrysotis, 5. - - 429

var. y. Lath. Chrysotis, 2. - 422

Lath. Chrysotis, 5. - - 422
amazoninus O Des Murs, Psittacus App. 20
ambigua V. Hommeyer, Calamodyta, 21. ~ 172
Schl. Sylvia, 16. - - =) 74

Swains, Zosterops, 13 - - 198
ambiguus Bechst. Ara, 6. - - - 412
Less. Podiceps - - App. 28

Less. Pteroglossus, 3. - - 403

Swains. Ramphastos, 5. - - 403

Swains. Thamnophilus, 13. - 298

Gould, 'Trogon. 11. - - 69
amboinensis Linn. Macropygia 471; App. 23
Gmel. Nectarinia, 83. - - 98

Linn. Platycercus, 26. 408; App. 19

varia Briss. Trichoglossus, 4, - 411

Gmel, Turdus. 74. - - 219
ambrosiacus, Linn. Macropteryx, 4. - 54
ambulans Swains. Machetornis, 1. -
Amelie De Tarr. Anthus, 35. - - 206
americana Pr. Bonap. Certhia, 1. 143; App. 7
Gmel. Ceryle, 8. - - 82

Tsch. Ceryle, 9. - - 82

Briss. Ciconia, 3. - 561

Pr. Bonap. Clangula, 2. 622; App. 28

61

Page

americana G'mel. Euspiza, 5. - - 376
Gmel. Fulica, 7. - - 600
Linn. Grus. 6. - - - 552
Gmel. Hirundo, 8 - 57; PEE 4
Wils. Hirundo, 6. - yi
Steph. Limosa = fee 26
Wils. Loxia, 4 388; App. 18
Gmel. Mareea, 2. - - 614
Linn. Mniotilta, 25, = - - 196
Linn. Mycteria, 1. - - 562

621; App. 28
625; App. 28

Pr. Bonap. Nyroca, 2
Richards. Oidemia, 2.

Gmel, Otus. 10. - - 40
Audub, Philomela - App. 26
Briss. Pterocyanea, 3. - - 617
Gmel. Recurvirostra, 4. - - 576
Lath. Rhea, 1. - 527; App. 25
Gmel. Spermophila, 18. - - 386
Audub, Strix. 2. - - 41
Pr. Bonap. Sula - App. 30
americanus Gmel. Aquila, 1. - - 138
Vieill. Buteo, 6. - ey all
Wils. Chordeiles, 1. - - 49
Linn. Chordeiles, 2. - - 49
Linn. Coccyzus, 1. - - 457
Audub. Corvus, 7. - - 315
Sharpless, Cygnus, 6. - - 610
Pr. Bonap. Gallinula, 8. - 599
Swains. Hydrobata, 5. - - 215
Bodd. Ibycter - App. 1
Audub. Lagopus, 3. = - 517
Linn, Leistes, 2. - - 348
Pr. Bonap. Nycticorax, 2. - 558
Swains. CEdicnemus, 4. - 535
Pr. Bonap. Otus,2. - - 40
Vieill, Pandion, 1. - - 17
Audub. Pelecanus, 4. + - 668
Swains. Picoides - App. 21
Garn. Podiceps, 18. = - 633
Swains. Porphyrio - App. 27

Audub. Troglodytes, 6. 158; App. 7.

Lath, Tyrannus, 14. - - 247
amethystina Vigors, Cuculus, 26. - - 463
Gmel. Mellisuga, 72. = - 113

Shaw, Nectarinia, 19. - 98; App. 5
amethysticollis D’ Orb. § Lafr. Mellisuga, 40. 112

amethystoides Less. Mellisuga, 73. - 113
Ambherstizw Leadb. Thaumalea, 2. - - 497
Amherstianus Royle, Nyctiornis, 2. - 87
amicta Temm. Nyctiornis, 1. - = 81
amictus Gray, Tiga, 5. - 441; App. 22
amphilensis Stanl. Dromas, 1. - - 560
anaca Gmel. Conurus, 17. - - 413
anais Less. Oriolus - - ‘ App. 11
Less. Picus - - App. 21
Less. Polytmus, 16. - = - 108
Less. Polytmus, 27. - - - 108
Less. Turacus - - App. 18
anabatoides Temm. Xenops - App. 7
analis D’ Orb. & Lafr. Dacnis, 9. - - 102
Licht. Fluvicola, 2. - - = 242

D Orb. & Lafr. Formicarius, 5. - 211

D Orb. Fringilla, 43. - - 371
Temm. Picus - - App. 21

Lafr. Pteroptochos, 17. - - 155
Horsf. Pyenonotus, 28. - - 237
Tschudi, Tanagra = - App. 16
anaphonensis Temm. Gymnorhina, 3 302 ;
App. 14

anatarius Himbach, Mergellus, 1. - - 629
anatoides King, Cygnus, 8 - - 610
Lafr, Fringilla, 72. - = Ye

anatum Pr. Bonap. Falco, 4. = 9
andecola D’ Orb. & Lafr. Cinelodes, 6 . - 132
andalusiz Briss. Oxylophus, 1. = - 464
andalusicus Gmel. Turnix, 1. - - 510
andecolus D’ Orb. Cypselus, 13. = - 54
andromeda Temm. Zoothera, 2. - - 217

angladiana Shaw, Nectarinia, 42. 98 ; App. 5
anglica Mont. Sterna, 11.

anglorum Ray, Puffinus, 10. 647; App. 29
angolensis Gimel. Crithagra Super “App. 30¢
Linn, Estrelda, 4 - 368
Linn. Guiraca, 3, = = 357
Gmel, Gypohierax, 1. - - 49

62 INDEX OF SPECIFIC NAMES
Page Page
angolensis Gmel. Merops, 17. - - 86 aquaticus Gould, Anthus, 2, - - 206
Vieill. Pitta, 18. - a9’; Wils. Enicocichla - App. 8
Suppl. App. SO b Bechst. Hydrobata, 1, . - 215
Linn. Spermophila, 48, - - 386 Linn. Rallus, 1 - 593
anguitimens 4, Smith, Eurocephalus, 1. - 293 | aquila Linn. Atagen, 1. - 6669 App. 80
angusticauda O Des Murs, Sylvia, 29. - 174 Lodd. Polytmus, 39. - 108
angustifrons Spix, Cacicus, 2. - - $42 | aquilus Hodgs. Archibuteo, 4, - - 12
angustipennis Fras, Hylocharis, 21. - 114 | aquilinus Gmel. Ibycter, 1. - 9; App. 1
angustirostris D’ Orb. & Lafr. Elania, 21. - 250 | arabica Ehrenb. Sterna, 6. - . - 658
Naum. Phalaropus, 2. - 586 arabs Linn. Eupodotis, 4. - - 533
D' Orb. & Lafr. Phytotoma, 2. 390 aracanga Gmel, Ara, 3. - - - 412
Vieill. Picolaptes, 1. - - 140 | aracari Linn. Pteroglossus, 1. - - 403
Ménétr, Querquedula App. 28 | arada Lath. Cyphorhinus, 3. - - 156
anhinga, Linn. Plotus 1. - - - 664 | aradoides Lafr. Anabates, 13. . - 138
ani Linn, Crotophaga, 1. - 458; App. 22 aragonica Lath, Pterocles, 2. - - 518
animosa Licht. Tyrannus, 1. - - 247 | araguira Vieill. Tachyphonus, 19. - - 365
animosus Merr, Agelaius - - App. 15 | aranea Savi, Sterna, 11. - = - 659
anjinko Hein. ‘Thalassidroma, 10. - - 648 Wils. Sterna, 12. - - - 659
Anna Less. Mellisuga, 61. - - - 113 | ararauna Linn. Ara, 1. - - - 412
annectans Hodgs. Dicrurus, 6. - - 286 | arata Tick. Parra - - - App. 26
Blyth, Sibia - - App. 11 | arator Cuv. Colaptes, 11. = - - 446
annulata Wagl. Peristera, 19. - - 476 araucana Less. Columba, 12. - - 470
annulatus, Yum. Buceros - ne App. 18 | araucuan Spix, Ortalida, 11. - 485
Bechst. Palxornis, 5. - - 410 | arborea Linn. Alauda, 11. $80; App. 18
annuligerus Wagl. Charadrius, 40. - - 544 Linn. Dendrocygna, 4. + - 612
annulosa, Gould, Amadina, 22. - - 870 Gould, Hirundo, 16. - - 58
Swains. Zosterops, 1. = - 198 Wils, Zonotrichia, 18, - - 374
var. Swains. Zosterops, 5. - 198 | arboreus Bechst. Anthus, 5. - 206 ;
annumbi Vieill. Annumbius, 1. - - 137 Suppl. App. 30 b
anomalus Gould, Eleothreptus, 1. - - 49 | areadicus Linderm. Hypotriorchis, 8. 20; App. 2
anoxantha Grosse, Spermophila - App. 18. | archiepiscopus Desm. Tanagra, 2. - - 364
anser Linn. Anser, 1. - - - 607 archipelagicus Temm. Indicator, 8. - 451
Anstrutheri Gray, Gallus, 3. - - 499 arctica Lath. Emberiza, 20. - - 377
antaretica Gmel. Bernicla, 4. . - 607 Linn. Fratercula, 1. - - 637
Banks, Diomedea, 7. - - 650 Sparrm. Otus, 3. = - - 40
Forst. Eudyptes, 3. . - 641 Swains. Pipilo, 3. = - - 360
King, Ortygometra, 18. - 594 Swains. Sialia, 3. - - - 184
Gmel. Procellaria, 14. 648; Ban 29 Temm. Sterna, 34. - - - 659
Forst. Sterna, 40. - - 659 Spar. Surnia, 1. - - = 933:
Less. Sterna, 42. - - - 659 | arcticus Rich. & Swains. Bubo, 12. - 37
antarcticus Garn. Cinclodes, 3. - = 192 Linn. Colymbus, 2. - = 631
Shaw, Lopholaimus, 1. - 469 Jard. & Selby, Hematopus, 3. - 547
Less. Milvago, 3. - - 10 Macgill. Larus, 3 654; App. 29
Less. Podiceps, 17. - - 633 Rich. & Sw. Picoides,2. - - 434
Less, Stercorarius, 5. - - 653 Boie, Podiceps - - App. 28
anthirostris Landb. Alauda - eS 18 Faber, Puffinus, 10. - - 647
anthoides D’ Orb. & Lafr. Annumbius,1. - 137 | arctoa Pall. Fringilla, 63. - - « 372
Swains. Calamanthus, 1. - 164 | arcuata Cuv. Carpornis, 3. - - 279
Swains. Fringillaria, 8. - - 378 Cuv. Dendrocygna, 1 612; pe 27
Swains. Geositta, 1. - = 134 Cuv. Ptilochloris, 1. - 272
King, Synallaxis, 12. - - 186 | areuatus Gel. Passer, 10. - - 373
anthopeplus, Vigors, Platycereus, 16. - 408 | ardens Temm. Harpactes, 7. - - 71
anthophila Boie, Drymoica, 12. - - 163 Tschudi, Pyranga - - App. 16
anthophilus Bourc. Phetornis, 15. - - 104 Bodd. Vidua, 5. - - - 355
anthracicus Zemm. Buceros, 8. - - 399 | ardeoides Spiz, Aramus~ - - App. 27
antbracinus Licht. Astur, 5. = - 27 | ardeola Payk. Dromas, 1. 560; App. 26
anticola Tschudi, Bernicla, 11. 6073; App. 27 Temm. Nycticorax, 1. - - 558
anticus Licht. Leistes, 3. - 348; App. 15 ardesiaca Less. Ardea, 30. - - 556
antigone Linn. Grus, 7. - - 552 Wagl. Ardea, 35. - - 556
var. B. Lath. Grus, 8. 552; App. 25 D Orb. & Lafr. Conopophaga App. 11
antiguanus Gmel. Lanius, 13. - 290 Licht. Formicivora, 20. 212; App. 9
antillarum Briss. Hypotriorchis, 1. - 20 Tschudi, Fulica, 9. - - 600
antillensis Less. Certhiola, 1. - - 102 ardesiacus Less. Pitylus, 12. - - 362
antipoda Homb. & Jacq. Eudyptes, 6. - 641 ardesianus Vieill. Lanius, 9. - - 290
antiquorum Temm. Pheenicopterus, 1. - 603 | ardosiacea Less. Campephaga, 49. ~ 283
Pr. Bonap. Porphyrio, 1, - 598 Vieill. Gallinula, 2. - - 599
antiquus Gmel. Brachyrhamphus, om - 644 Vieill. Mniotilta, 69. - - 197
antisianus D’ Orb. Calurus, 7. baNay: 4 ardosiaceus Vieill, Accipiter, 4, - - 29
Antoniw Bourc. & Muls. Polytmus, EA - 108 ardosiacus Vieill. Hypotriorchis, 6. 20; App. 2
apiaster Linn, Merops, 1. - - -~ 86 Vieill,. Mimus, 13. vm - 221
Less. Momotus, 10. Lafr. Myiobius, 43. - - 249
apiatus Vieill. Megalophonus, 1, 382; App. 18 | arenaria Steph. Alauda, 2. - - ~ 380
apicalis Gould, Acanthiza, 10, - - 189 Linn, Calidris, 1. 581; App. 26
Licht. Phztornis, 17, - - 104 arenarius Pall. Pterocles, 2. 518; App. 25
apicauda Hodgs. Treron~ - - App. 23 | argala Lath. Leptoptilus, 1. - - 561
apivorus Linn. Pernis, 1. - 24; App. 2 | argali Temm. Leptoptilus, 2. - - 561
aplonotus Blyth, Parus - - App. 9 argentaceus Brehm, Larus, 4. - - 654
apoda Linn. Paradisea, 1. - - - 323 | argentata Brehm, Sterna,34. 659; Suppl. App. 30 ¢
approximans Vig. & Horsf. Accipiter,13. - 29 Nutt. Sterna - Suppl. App. 30 ¢
apricarius Linn. Charadrius, 1. - - 544 | G. R. Gray, Tanagra, 6. 364; App. 16
Wils. Squatarola, 1. - - 543 | argentatoides Brehm, Larus, 4. - - 654
apus Linn. Cypselus, 1. - - - 54 argentatus Swains. Gallophasis, 3. - - 498
var. B Pall. Cypselus, 2. Brehm, Warus, 4. - - 654
aquatica Lath. Calamodyta, 14. - - 172 Brun. Larus, 4. - - 654
aquaticus Bechst. Anthus, 1, . - 206 Sabine, Larus, 3. - - 654

Page

argentauris Hodys. Leiothrix,7. - 269
argentea Lafr. Calliste, 10. - ~ 366
Tschudi, Calliste - App. 17

Pr. Max. Sterna, 37.

659; App. 29
argenteus Gould, Cracticus, 6

- 300; App. 14

Brehm, Larus, 4. - - 654
argenticeps Gould, Tropidorhynchus, 3, - 125;
App. 6

argentoratensis Gmel, Fringilla, 52. - 372
argetraa Vorst. Carpophaga, 8, = - - 468
argoondah Sykes, Coturnix, 8. - - 507
argus Linn. Argus, 1. - - - 496
arguta Gould, Strepera - - App. 14
ariel Gould MSS. Atagen, 2. - et Arp. 30
Gould, Hirundo, 17. - 58
Gould, Prion . - App. 29
Vigors, Ramphastos, 11, - - 403
armata Miil. §& Sch. Arachnothera, 8. - 99
Swains. Galbula - - App. 5

Gould, Merganetta, 1. - 628; App. 28

armatus Jard. & Selby, Shia died ts - 542

armiger Shaw, Aquila, 12. bi eke!

armillaris Temm. Megalaima, 11. - - 429

Temm. Phaps, 4. - - 477

armillata Sparrm, Coereba, 1, - - 101

Vieill. Fulica, 6. - - - 600

armillatus G. R. Gray, Cyanocorax, 21. - 307

Vieill, Myiobius, 73. - - 249

Vieill, Ptilogonys, 5. - - 281

aromatica Gmel. Treron, 1. 467; Ape: 22

Jerd. Treron - - App. 23

var. Temm. Treron, 2. - - 467

arquatella Pall. Tringa, 2. - 5 - 579

arquatrix Zemm. Columba, 8. ~ - 470

arquatus Linn. Numenius, 1. - - 569

arra Pall. Uria, 5. - ~ - - 645

arrianus Jemm. Vultur, 1. = - 8

arrogans Sundev. Rhipidura, 41. - 259 ;

Suppl. App. 30 b

Arsenii Less. Hylocharis, 28. = = tiie!

arsinoe Less. Polytmus, 75. - - 108

Licht. Pyenonotus, 37, - - 237

arthus Less. Tanagra, 21. - - - 365

arundinacea Lath. Calamodyta, 22. - 172

Linn. Calamodyta, 19. - 172

Lewin, Calamodyta, 22, - 172

Gmel. Emberiza, 21.) - - 377

arundinaceus var. Lath. Adon, 1, - - 178

Bechst. Circus, 13. - =eoe

Gmel. Pandion, 1. =r - 17

Vieill. Troglodytes, 25. - 158

arundinarius Burch. Oriolus, 13. - = 282

arvensis Linn. Alauda, 1 - 380; App. 18

Kitil. Fringilla, 67. - 372

Gray, Pitta, 29. - - - 214

asealaphus Sav. Bubo, 4. - - = 37

asha Sykes, Ardea, 59. - - - 556

asiatica Swains. Alcedo, 4. 5 = Bi

Swains. Certhia, 2. - - 143

Lath. Ciconia, 8. - - - 560

Lath. Coturnix, 7. - - 507

Lath. Emberiza, 29. - - 377

Swains. Hydrobata, 4, - - 215

Lath. Megalaima, 9. - ties Ape 21

Lath. Nectarinia, 51. 298

Temm. Sitta, 3. - - - 147

Gmel. Treron, 18. - - ~ 467

asiaticus Lath. Archibuteo, 4. s att

Gmel. Caprimulgus, 12. - 47; App. 3

Pall, Charadrius, 8. = - 544

Temm. Cursorius, 2, - - 537

Lath. Cursorius, 3. - - 537

Less. Himantopus, 1. - = Dhl

Gmel. Mergellus, 1. - - 629

Lath. Psittacula, 17. - - 423

Lath. Turdus, 76. - - 219

asilus Pr. Max. Myiobius, 68. - - 249

asio Linn. Ephialtes, 9. = 4 - 38

aspasia Less. Nectarinia, 44. ns 98
aspersiventer D’ Orb. & nae Thamnophi-

lus, 19. - - - 298

assamensis M* Clell. Mestaniias 66. =2908)

M:Clell. Nyctiornis, 2. - -~ 87

M‘Clell. Pavo, 3. = - 494

assamica M:Clell. Mirafra, 2 - 383; App. 18

INDEX OF SPECIFIC

NAMES.

assimilis Forst. Anas, 13. -
Boiss. Arremon, 11.
Gould, Cactornis, 2.
Jard. & Selby, Cireus, 12.
Bechst. Dicrurus, 6.
Gould, Myiagra, 8.
Gould, Puffinus, 7. -

G. R. Gray, Rallus, 17.

Gould, Trogon =
astrild Linn. Estrelda, 1. -
astur Pall. Astur, 1. =

asturinus Mus, Par. Sphecotheres,

atala Less. Hylocharis, 47.

ater Vieill. Archibuteo, 2. -
Less. Campephaga, 1.

Vieill. Circus ~ 2
Vieill. Dromaius, 1. -
Gmel. Falco, 4. -

Less. Graculus, 13.
Vieill. Hzmatopus, 6. -
Vieill. Ibycter, 2. -
Vieill. Meliphaga, 21.
Less. Microglossum -
Gmel. Milvas, 2 2. -
Bodd. Molothrus -
Vieill. Morphnus -
Gmel. Myiobius, 7. -
Gmel. Oxylophus, 3

Linn. Parus, 12. =
Less. Phonygama, 3. -
Vieill. Pipilo, 1. -

Scop. Platycercus, 22.
Less. Pteroptochos, 3.
Linn. Ptilostomus, 1.
Vieill. Seaphidurus, 1.
Vieill, Seolecophagus, 1.
Gmel. Xanthornus, 12.
ateralbus Less. Centropus, 21.
aterrima Lafr. Diglossa— -
Linn. Fulica, 1. -
aterrimum Less. Diceum, 18.

Gmel. Microglossum, 1.

aterrimus A7t#l. Agelaius, 13.

D Orb. & Lafr. Formicivora, 18.

Temm. Ibycter, 2
Steph Irrisor, 8. -
Temm. Temnurus, 3.
Lafr. Tityra =
atheniensis Daud. Bubo, 1.

Athertoni Jard. & Selby, Nyctiornis, 2. -

atlantica Gould, Procellaria
Gould, Puffinus, 13.
Rafin. Totanus, 25.
atra Gmel. Ardea, 1. -
Linn. Eupodotis, 9. -
Swains. Formicivora, 18.
Tschudi, Formicivora -
Gmel. Fringilla, 79. -
Linn. Fulica, 1. =
Vieill, Hetzrornis, 10.
Forst. Monarcha, 9. -
Bodd. Monasa, 1. -
Pall. Oidemia, 1. «
Bodd. Paradisea, 6. -
Eyton, Parus, 42. ~
Gmel. Tanagra, 15. -
Pr. Max. Yopaza, 4. -
Gmel. Totanus, 5. -
atrata Swains. Campephaga, 1.
Lath. Cygnus, 9. “
Rufin. Emberiza, 23.
D’ Orb. Fringilla, 42.
Pall. Fuliea, 1. -
Gmel. Rutieilla, 4
Swains. Thamnobia, 4
atratus Temm. Buceros, 11.
Bartr. Cathartes, 1.
Licht. Topaza, 4. -
atricapilla Vieil/. Amadina, 32.
Merr. Anas =
Swains. Culicivora, $.
Nutt. Ephialtes, 11.
Gmel. Euspiza, 6.
Vieill. Formicarius, 8.

Suppl hers 30 b

- App. 1
= - 249

192
303
360
408
155
- 311

341 ; ees 15

- - 340
- - 344
- - 455
- App. 6
- - 600
- - 100
424,

App. 20

- - 347
212
- - 9

- App. 11

- App. 2
647; £
- =) Pathe)

- 282
610; App. 27
$77
- » 371
600
180
185
399

Page

atricapilla Gmel. Halycon, 8. - ~ 79
Jard. & Selby, aes 3. = 128

Temm. Melithreptus, 1. - - 128

Linn. Muscicapa, 2 - 262

Vieill. Parus Suppl. App. 30 b

Gmel. Pipra, 8. - - 274

Miill. Pitta, 24. - zZ - 214

Temm. Pitta, 28. - - 214

Quoy & Gaim. Pitta, 26. - 214

Lath, Rhipidura, 18. - = 259

Lath. Sericulus - - App. 11

Briss. Sylvia, 8 - - 174

Vieill. Tenioptera, 10. - - 241

Vieill. Tityra, 22, - - 254

Vieill. Tringa, 19. 580; App. 26

Gmel. Zonotrichia, 13. - - 373

Audub. Zonotrichia, 14. - - 373
atricapillus Pr. Max. Anabates, 10. - 138
Wils. Astur, 2. - a Oi

Vieill. Daenis, 8. - - 102

Linn. Donacobius, 1. - = 2S)

Gmel. Eos - - App. 20

Geoffr. Garrulus, 2. 306; App. 14

Gme. Hoplopterus, 6. - 542

Gmel. Lanio, 1 - - 364

Lath. Melithreptus, 2. - - 128

Vieill. Numenius, 7. - - 569

Linn. Parus, 31. = - 192

Viel, Polytmus, 10. - - 107

Cuv. Spizaétus, 6. - 14; App. 1

atriceps Miill. & Schl. Campephaga, 20. - 283
Less, Crateropus, 8. 294; AEE: 10

Vieill, Diceum, 11. - 100

Gray, Eupodotis, 18. - - 533

Lafr. & D’ Orb. Euspiza, 14, - 376

King, Graculus, 19, - - 667

Jerd. Macronus, 8. - - 210

D’ Orb. & Lafr. Myiobius, 7 - 249

Horsf. Parus, 16,.- - - 192

Temm. Pyenonotus, 14. - - 237

Less. Saltator, 2. - - - 363

Swains. Seaphorhynechus, 3. - 246

Blyth, Tchitrea, 11. - - 260
atricilla Forst. MS. Fuligula, 5. - - 621
Pally Wears; 1950 = - 654

Sabine, Larus, 22. - - 654
atricilloides Falk. Larus, 34, ~ - 654
atricillus Linn. Larus, 24. - e - 654
atricollis Wagl. Ardea, 2. - - - 555
Vicill. Copsychus, 4 - - 177

Vieill. Estrelda, 26. - - 369

Swains. Parra, 11. - - 589

Spix, Saltator, 3. - - 363

Vieill. Saltator, 3. 363 ; oe 16

Vieill. Trogon, 4. - 69

Vieill. Trogon, 5. - - 69

atrifrons Wagl. Charadrius, 21. - - 544
Hodgs. Suthora, 1. - - 193
atrigaster Shaw, Pclytmus, 14. - - 108
atripennis Swains. Crateropus, 7. - ~ 224
Swains. Dicrurus, 20. = - 287
atrirostris D’ Orb. & Lafr. Dendrocincla, 5. - 141
atriventris D’ Orb. Campephila - App. 21
atrocerulea Tschudi, Calliste - App. 17
atroeapillus Tschudi, Tinamus, 15. - 522
atrocaudata Eyton, Tchitrea - App. 12
atrochaly beus Jurd. & Selby, Pitylus, 13. - 362
atrococcineus Burch. Laniarius, 2. - - 298
Lafr. Pheenicereus, 2. - 273

Swains. Ramphopis, 1. 363; App. 16

atrocyaneum Lafr. Conirostrum — - App. 5
atrocyaneus Hommeyer, ‘Turdus, 17. - 219
atroflava Blum. Megalaima, 28. 430; App. 21
atrogaster Less. Diexum, 1. - - 100
atrogularis Brandt, Accentor, 7 - - 187
Macgill. Coccothraustes App. 16

A, Smith, Fringilla, 62. - 372

Wagl. kina, 1. - - = 472

Steph. Colius, 6. - - 393

Temm. Orthotomus, 5. - - 162

Gould, Pteroglossus, 29. - 404

Blyth, Saxicola - - App. 8

Nutt. Turdus, 21 219; App. 10

Eyton, Turnix, 11. =) eau

Tess, Xanthornus, 8. - - 344

atronitens Cub. Pipra -
atro-olivaceus Pr. Max. Agelaius
Lafr. Pitylus, 10.

atropileus Lafr. Arremon, 4.
D Orb. & Lafr.
atropterus Meyer, Himantopus, 1
atropurpuratus Lafr. Pitylus, 9

atropurpurea Pr, Max. Cotinga, 5.

Thamnophilus, 20.

Page
App. 13
App. 15

- 362

- 361
298
- 577
- 362
- 279

atropurpureus Licht. Myiobius,13. 249; App.11

Shaw, Platycereus, 28,
atrosericeus D’ Orb. § Lafr. Ramphopis, 3.

Lafr.

Turdus -

atroviolaceus, D’ Orb. Seaphidurus, 7.
atrovirens D’ Orb. & Lafr. Cacicus, 3.

atthis Gmel, Alcedo, 1. -

attothorax Bodd, Formicivora, 16. -

Bodd. Troglodytes, 28.
aucklandica G. R. Gray, Gallinago, 17.
G. R. Gray, Nesonetta, 1.

audax La Peyr. Ardea, 37.
Lath. Aquila, 16. -
Gmel. Myiobius, 2, -
Tschudi, Troglodytes,
Audebertii Less. Hylocharis, 34.
Audenetii Less. Mellisuga, 89.
Audouinii Payr. Larus, 17.
Auduboni Nutt. Hemipalama, 2.
Towns. Mniotilta, 32.
Trudeau, Picus, 25.
augur Riipp. Buteo, 4. -
augusta Bourc. Phetornis, 19,
augustus Shaw, Ara, 11. =
Vigors, Chrysotis, 16.
aura Linn. Cathartes, 2.

9292

- 408
363
App. 10
- 341
~ 342
- 81
= 212

158; App.7

- 583
627;
App. 28
- 556
14; App. 1

- 412

422; App. 20

6; App. 13

Soppl: ‘App. 30a

aurantia Gould, Euphema, 5.
Vieill. Hyphantornis, 22.
Bodd. Mniotilta, 33.
Gmel. Nectarinia, 72.
Wagl. Pipra -
Vieill. Rupicola, 1.
Gmel. Spermophila, $7.
Gray, Sterna, 8. -
Gmel. Tityra, 21.
aurantiaca Shaw, Oriolus, 24.
auranticoliis Vieill. Pitylus, 4
aurantiirostris Lafr. Arremon.

aurantio-atrocristatus D’ Orb. & Lafr.

rannus, 16.

aurantiopectus Less. Laniarius, 5.

aurantirostris Viedll. Saltator, 6.

- 411
- 351
- 196
- 98
App. 13
- 275
- 386

659; App. 29

- 254

- 132

- 362

App. 16
ie

247

- 298

- 363

aurantius Linn. Brachypternus, 1. 441; hare 22

Bodd, Chrysocolaptes
Mill. Conurus, 9.
Lath. Faleo, 12.

var. Lath, Hypotriorchis, 5.
var. Lath. Hypotriorchis, 13. —-

Lafr. Lanio -

Lath. Thamnophilus, 49.

Spix, Trogon, 7.
Gmel. Turdus, 65.

Valenc. Xanthornus, 11.

aurantiventer Less. Turdus, 107.
aurata Gimel. Juida, 5. -
auraticollis Viezll. Bessonornis
auratifrons Vieill. Nectarinia, 19.
auratus Suckow, Charadrius, 1.
Vieill. Chloronerpes, 2
Linn. Colaptes, 1. -
Gmel, Cuculus, 17.
Gmel. Mellisuga, 84.
7ieill Oriolus, 3. -
Gmel. Polytmus, 19.
Vieill,
Swains. Trogon, 8.
aurea Reinw. Campephaga, 45.
Macgill, Charadrius, 1.
Vieill. Meleagris, 2. -
aurea Gmel, Paradisea, 7. -
aureata Vieill. Euphonia, 9.

aurelia Bourc. & Muls. Hylocharis, 8.

aureocapilla Less. Motacilla, 11.

aureoflava A. Smith, Hyphantornis, 18. -

aureola Vieill. Cotinga, 17.

Thamnophilus, 12.

SAA

App. 21

- 219
App. 10
- 290

- 326

Suppl App. 30b

98
ae
- 443
- 446
- 463
- 113
- 232
- 108
= 297
- 69
- 283
= 44
- 500
- 323
- 367
- 114
- 203
351

- 279

64

INDEX OF

Page

aureola Pall, Euspiza, 3. - 376; App. 17
Gould, Mniotilta, 4. - - 196

Linn. Pipra, 20. - - - 274

Less, Rhipidura, 36, - - 259
aureopectus Lafr, Cotinga, 10. - - 279

aureopygia Hay, Pericrocotus
aureoventris D’ Orb, & Lafr.

aureo viridis Shaw, Juida, 1
Shaw, Polytmus, 12.

aurescens Gould, Polytmus, 23.
aureum Eyton, Pycnonotus, 16.
aureus Temm, Capito, 3. -

Gmel, Conurus, 14,

Briss. Gypacétus, 1.

Gmel. Oriolus, 24. -

Jerd, Oriolus,2. =

Gmel. Ploceus, 25, -

Hollandre, Turdus -
auribarbis //odgs. Athene, 5.
auricapilla Swains. Rhipidura, 39.

Pitylus, 18. -
D' Orb. & Lafr. Polytmus, 42.

Suppl. App. 80b

362
108
326
108
108
237
430
413

2
232
932
- - 352
© App. 10

34; App. 3.
259; App. 12

Spix, Tachyphonus, 6. - - 365
auricapillus //lig. Conurus, 10, - - 418
Cass. Icterus - App. 15;
BanEb App. 30 b
Selby, Regulus, 1 - 175
auriceps Gould, Calurus, 6. . me ed
Gould, Myiobius, 15. - - 249
Kuhl, Platycercus, $2. - - 408
Hodgs. ‘Tesia - - App. 7
auricollis Gmel. Mniotilta, 60. - - 196
Pr. Max. Yphantes - App. 15
auricomis Lath, Meliphaga, 2. 121; App. 5
Swains. Nymphicus, 1. - - 406
auriculare Vieill. Todirostrum, - App. 12
auricularis Jemm. Carpophaga, 29. - 469
Vieill. Myiobius, 53. = - 249
Hodgs. Niltava, 19. 264; App. 12
Daud, Otogyps, 1 - = 6

auriculata Shaw, Meliphaga, 2. - - 121
auriculatus Licht. Heliothrix, 3. - - 115
aurifrons Vigors, Capito, 4. - - 430
Licht, Centurus - App. 22
Less. Conurus, 41. 414; App. 19

Spix, Conurus, 10, - - 413
Pr. Maz. Elania, 4. - - 250

Blyth, Exmberiza - - App. 17

Gould, Ephthianura, 2. - - 205

Temm. Hyphantornis, 19. - 341
Cuv. Megalaima, 10. - - 429

Less. Nectarinia - . App. 5

Licht. Nectarinia, 19. - - 98

Jerd. Phyllornis, 5. - - 124
Temm. Phyllornis, 4. = - 124
Vigors, Picus, 12. - - 435
aurifrontalis Bechst. Nectarinia, 19. - 98
aurigaster Lodd, Mellisuga, 8. - - 112
Vieill, Pyenonotus, 25. - - 237
aurinotus Swains. Ploceus, 25. - = 355
aurita Gmel. Conopophaga, 1. - - 255
Gray, Corethrura, 16. - - 595

Lath. Eupodotis, 18. - 533;
suppl App. 30 ¢
Lath, Glyciphila, 6. - 119
Temm. Saxicola, 3. - - - 178
Temm. Zenaida, 4. - 475; App. 24
auritum Pall. Crossoptilon, 1. - - 495
auritus Licht. Anabates, 22. - - 138
Vigors, Batrachostomus, 3. - - 45
Daud. Garrulax, 2. - - 295

Less. Graculus, 14. - - 667
Less, Graculus - - ae 30
Gmel. Heliotirix, 1, - - 115
Bodd. Nettapus, 3. - - - 608

Eyton, Picus. - - App. 21
Linn. Podiceps, 6. - - - 633
Lafr. Pogonornis, 1. . - 123
Ray, Turtur, 1. - 472; App. 23
auriventris Deless. Phyllornis, 8. - - 124
aurocapilla Swains Hyphantornis, 17. - 351
Licht. Pipra, 15. - - 274
Swains. Setophaga, 9. - - 265
Nutt. Zonotrichia, 14. - - 373
aurocapillus Wils, Enicocichla, 1 188; aan 8
Vigors, Pieus ~ - App. 21

aurocristatus, Tick. Picus -

auro-palliatus Less, Psittacus, 31, -

aurora Sundev, Euphonia, 23.
aurore Linn, Lorius, 5. -
aurorea Pall, Ruticilla, 3, -
auroreus Pall. Turdus, 6. -
aurorus Gmel, Chrysotis, 5.
aurovirens Cuv, Capito, 6. -
aurulenta Laf. Calliste — -
aurulentus Licht. Chloronerpes,
Vieill. Polytmus, 13.
australasia Shaw, Copsychus, 5
Vieill, Haleyon, 31.
Leach, Myzomela, 1
Vieill, Nycticorax, 4.
Shaw, Seythrops, 1

SPECIFIC

Page

- App. 21
- 421

867; App. 17
- - 416
180; Avy 8
218

- - 422
: - 430
- App. 17

1. 443; App. 22

- - 108

461

australasiana Shaw, Meliphaga, 19, 122; App. 6
australasianus Gould, Eupodotis, 3. - 533
Gould, Grus - App. 25

Gould, Hematopus, 11. - 547

Gould, Numenius - - 569

australe Less. Calyptorhynchus, 10. - 426
Less. Dacelo, 1. - - - 78
australis Steph. Acanthylis, 3 - - 55
Less. Accipiter, 5. 11. - - 29

Swains. Ai gotheles, 1 - - 46

Swains. Aleyone, 1. . - 82

Swains. Anthus, 18. - - 206

Vig. & Horsf. Anthus, 16. 206; App. 9

Shaw, Apteryx, 1 530; App. 25

Cuv. Botaurus, 2. - - - 557

Gould, Calamodyta, 29. - syle}

Less. Calyptorhynchus, 2 - 426

Swains. Cereopsis - - 606

Gould, Charadrius, 12. 544; App. 25

Shaw, Ciconia, 7 - - 561

Less. Corcorax, 1. - - 321

Gmel. Coriphilus, 3 = 417

Gmel. Corvus, 9. = 915; App. 15

Lath, Coturnix, 11. - 507

Steph. Cracticus - - App. 14

Gould, Cypselus, 10. - = 54

Swains. Dromaius - - 528

Lath. Eopsaltria, 1.
Gould, Erismatura, 5.
Swains. Eudynamis, 6.
Kuhl, Euphema, 3
Gray, Eupodotis, 3
Swains. Eurystomus, 6.
Gould, Fulica -
Lath, Gallinago, 11.
Less. Gallinago, 20.
Leach, Glareola, 5.
Oppel, Grallina, 1.

272; App. 13
627; App. 28

- - 464
- - 411
os App. 25

- 62
- App. 27
583; App. 26
- - 583
- - 538

- 204

Homb. & Jacq. itypotriorchis, OR Ao
A, Smith, Juida, 2. - - 326
Horsf. Megalaima, 16 - - 429
Homb. & Jacq. Mergus” - App. 28
Lath. Milvago, 3 - - 10
Less. Mimus, 6. - - - 291
Gmel. Monasa, 1. - - 74
Steph. Motacilla - - App. 9
Homb. & Jacq. Nesonetta, 1. - 627
Shaw, Nestor, 1. - 426; App. 20
Gould, Nyroca, 5. 621; App. 28

Sparrm. Ocydromus, 1.
Steph. Pardalotus, 1

596; App. 27
270; App. 13

Steph. Pelecanus, 7. - ~ 668
Sparrm. Petroica, 17. - ~ 183
Steph. Petroica, 13. - - 183
Steph. Podargus - - App. 3
Gould, Podiceps, 2. - - 633
A. Smith, Pyrrhulauda, 1, - 381
Gould, Rhynchea, 3. - - 585
Swains. Seythrops, 1. - - 461
Swains. Sphecotheres, 1. - - 231

Vig. & Horsf. Sphenura, 1. - 167
Gmel. Sterna, 41. - - 659
Gould, Sula, 5. - - 666
Steph. Sula, 7. - 666; App. 30.
Swains. Synallaxis, 29. = - 136
Swains. Talegallus - App. 24
Linn. Treron, 8. - 467; App. 23
Lath. Trichoglossus, 8. - - 411

Cuv. Tringa, 13. -

579; App. 26

NAMES.

australis Gmel. Tringa, 1. -

Jard. & Selby, Tringa, 10.

Lath. Zonotrichia, 6.
austriaca Gel. Glareola, 1
austriacus Gmel. Milvus, 1
autumnalis Linn, Chrysotis, 9.

var, B. G'mel. Chrysotis, 11. -
var, 6. Lath, Chrysotis, 10.
Linn. Dendrocygna, 3

Hasselq. \bis, 4
Wils, Mniotilta, 9
avicula Ray, Calamodyta, 2
avocetta Less. Hylocharis, 12.
Linn, Recurvirostra, 1.
awokera Temm. Gecinus, 4.
awsuree Sykes, Dendrocygna, 1
axillaris Lath. Elanus, 2. -
Tschudi, Formicarius, 20.
Vieill. Formicarius, 10.
Spix, Tachyphonus, 22.
Spix, Tanagra -
A. Smith, Vidua, 6
aymara D’ Orb, Chamzpelia, 4.
Ayresii Audub. Colaptes, 9.
Azarze Swains. Alectrurus, 1.
Wagl. Caprimulgus, 18,
Temm. Charadrius, 33.
Licht. Cyanotis, 1. -
Merr. Anas .
Merr. Caprimulgus
Kaup, Cireaétus
Vieill. Hylocharis, 25.
Vieill. Pteroglossus, 6.

D Orb. & Lafr. Pyranga, 4
D Orb. & Lafr. Saltator, 5.

Merr. Scaphidurus -

D Orb. & Lafr. Synallaxis, 2.

Gould, Tznioptera, 3
Lath. Aleyone, 1. -
Temm. Cochoa, 3. -
Steph. Culicivora
Bodd, Myiagra, 10.
Vieill, Niltava, 16. -
Swains, Sialia,2. -
Less. Sitta, 13. -
azureus Temm. Cyanocorax, 12.
Less. Euphema, 1
Licht. Hylocharis, 35.
azuror Less. Merops -

azurea

babecula Vieill. Calamodyta, 4.
baebakiri Vieill. Telophorus, 6.
bacha Daud. Circaétus, 7. -

Bachmani Audub. Ammodromus, 11.

Audub. Hematopus, 9
Audub. Mniotilta, 44.
bactrianus Hlutt, Athene -
badensis Gmel. Emberiza, 3.
badia Haff. Carpophaga, 11.
badiceps Lear, Psittacus, 16.
Fras. Sylvia, 42. -
badioides Less, Celeus, 9. -
badius Gmel. Accipiter, 14.

Licht. Furnarius, 1.

Vieill. Icterus, 22, -

Raffi. Meiglyptes, 3.

Gmel. Merops, 14, -

Gmel. Nycticorax, 1.

Horsf. Phodilus, 1

Gray, Rhinortha, 1

Swains. Thamnophilus, 2

Forst. Turdus, 95.

Lath. Turdus, 71.
beticula Vieill. Calamodyta, 5.
bagheira Frankl. Alauda, 2
baglefecht Vieill. Ploceus, 2.
bahamensis Linn. Dafila, 2.

Swains. Momotus, 2.
Briss. Tanagra, 13.
baikal Bonn. Querquedula, 6
Bailloni Vieill. Climacteris, 2.
Vieill, Ortygometra, 9.
Vieill. Pteroglossus, 10.
Bairdii Gamb. Scaphorhynchus

- 114
ie Age 26

- 438
- - 612

- - 211
- - 211
865; App. 17
- App. 16
- - 355
475

'
Cs
a
a

- App. 15

- - 241

‘
oo
to

- - 421

380
- - 352
615; App. 27
- - 168
365; App. 18
- - 616
- - 145
. - 593
= - 403
- App. 11

INDEX OF

SPECIFIC

NAMES.

Page

bakhamuna Forst. Athene - - App. 3
Penn, Ephialtes, 3. - 5 Be

balasinesis Gray, Cypselus, 8. - 54:
Balkul Forsk. Pterocyanea, 1. - - 617
balgonera Steph. Meliphaga, 20. - - 122
balicassius Linn. Dicrurus, 6. - - 286

of Ind. Ornith. Dicrurus, 12. - 287

Vig. & Horsf. Dicrurus, 13. - 287

balisiensis Gray, Cypselus - App. 4
Balliviani Gould, Odontophorus - App. 24
balthicus Horns. & Schill. Colymbus, 2. - 63]
Briinn, Uria, 1. - - - 645
baltimore Linn. Yphantes, 1. 344; App. 15
bambla Bodd. Formicivora - App. 9
bambusze A7ttl. Rhipidura, 13. - - 259
bananivora Gmel. Mniotilta, 66. - - 197
Bancroftii Lath. Polytmus, 19. - - 108
bankiva Temm. Gallus, 1. - - 499

Banksianus Vieill. Euphema, 3. - -

Banksii Temm. Accipiter, 16. - - 29
Lath, Calyptorhynchus,2. 426; App. 20
A, Smith, Prion, 2. - - 649
banyana Jerd. Niltava - - App. 12
banyumas Horsf. Niltava, 5. - - 264
barbadensis Gme/. Chrysotis, 5. —- - 422
barbaricus Gmel. Turdus, 91. - - 219
barbarus Linn. Falco, 4. - - - 19
Linn. Gypaétes, 1. - - 2
Linn. Laniarius, 1. - - 298
barbata Scop. Emberiza, 4. . - 377
Swains. Meliphaga, 20. - - 122
Lath, Sericornis - - App. 8
Pall. Syrnium, 2. - - -

barbatula Temm. Megalaima,27. 430; App. 21

barbatulatus Kuhl, Paleornis, 10. - - 410
barbatus Gray, Chibia, 1. es = 287
Temm. Criniger, 1. - - 236
Gray, Gecinus, 5. - - 438
Linn. Gypaétus, 1. - 2; App. 1

var. occidentalis Pr. Bonap. Gy paétus, 1. 2
var. orientalis Pr. Bonap. Gypaétus, 1. 2

Gmel. Myiobius, 18. = - 249

Licht. Odontophorus, 11. - 513

Gmel. Palzornis, 14. - - 410

Briss. Paroides, 5. - - 193

Eyton, Poliornis, 4. - = 30)
barbiculus Cuv. Megalaima, 13. - - 429
barbirostris Swains. Myiobius, 35. - 249
barita Gmel. Quiscalus, 13. = - 341
Swains. Seaphidurus, 2. - - 341
baritula Wagl. Diglossa, 1 137 ; ha, 6
barletta Daud. Hypotriorchis, 1. - - 20
Barnardii Lath, Platycercus, 18. 408; App. 19
Barrabandi Swains. Paleornis,15. 410; App. 19
Kuhl, Psittacus, 18. - - 421

Barrotii Eyd. & Souley, Besyicpaue 2 2. - 459
Boure. Heliothrix, 4. - 115
Barrovii Swains. Clangula, 3. - - 622
Gray, Eupodotis, 15. - - 533
bartholemica Sparrm. Certhiola, 1. - 102
Bartrami Swains. Vireo, 6. - 268
Bartramius Wils. Tringoides, 4 574; A 26
basalis Horsf. Cuculus, 20. 463; App. 23
bassana Linn. Sula, 1. - 666 ; App. 30
batavensis Lath. Psittacula, 13. = - 423
batavica Bodd. Psittacula, 5. - - 423
Bonn. Ptilonopus - App. 23
bathyrhynchus Macgill. Larus, 8. - - 654
Baudii Miill. Pitta, 8. - = 213

Baudinii Lear, Calyptorhynchus, 5. 426; App. 20

Baueri Temm. Platycercus, 11. —- - 408
Beauhernaisii Wagl. Pteroglossus, 16. - 404
Bechsteinii Naum. Turdus, 6. - - 218
Naum. Turdus, 21. - - 219

Beecheii Vigors, Cyanocorax, 13. - - 307
beema Sykes, Motacilla, 13. = - 203
Belangeri Less. Garrulax, 5. - - 295
Belcheri Vigors, Larus, 32. -~ - 654
belgica Gmel. Limosa, 1. - - - 570
bella Lath. Estrelda, 9. - - - 368
bellicola Daud, Aquila, 12. 14; Ay. 1
bellicosus Vieill. Muscivora, 3. - - 258
Vieill. Saurophagus 1. - - 246

Bellii Audub. Vireo 2. - - - 267
Belloni Steph. Tadorna, 1. - - 613

|

|

bellulus Viezll, Milvulus, 3.
bellus Gould, Porphyrio, 6.
bengalensis Gmel. Alcedo, 2

Gmel. Brachypternus, 1.

Frankl. Bubo, 10.
Gray, Buceros, 27.
Gmel, Centropus, 6.
Less. Cissa, 1.
Linn. Coracias, S.
Hay, Dicrurus
Gmel. Eupodotis, 17
Horsf. Gecinus
Gmel. Gyps. 2.
Livht. Ibis. 4. -
Briss. Terax, 1.
Linn. Rhynchza, 1
Linn. Palzornis, 5.
Vieill. Pitta, 14.
Linn. Ploceus, 3
Less. Sterna, 8.
benghala Linn. Estrelda, 4

Bennettii A. Smith, Campethera, 2

Sykes, Orthotomus, 3.
bentet, Horsf. Lanius, 16. -

Berardii Quoy & Gaim. Pelesanotdes,:2 5 =

Bergii, Licht. Sterna, 5. -
berigora Vig. & Horsf. Jeracidea, 1
Beringii Lath. Somateria, 2.
bernicla Linn. Bernicla, 1
Pall. Bernicla, 2.
Bernieri Pucher. Gallinago
J. Geoffr. Oriolia, 1
Beskii Licht. Accipiter, 6
besra Jerd. Accipiter, 10. -
betulina Strickl, ees a
Bewickii Sw. Cygnus, 6. -
Farrell, Cygnus, 5.
Audub. Troglodytes, 27.
biareuatus Fv. Prev. Arremon.
biarmicus Cuv. Dendrobates, 8.
Temm. Falco, 10.
Linn. Paroides, 5
bibo Horsf. Circaétus 7. -
biealearatus Linn. Francolinus, &.

bicalearatum Linn. Polyplectron, 1.
Bichenovii Jard. & Selby, Amadina, 21 -

bicineta Swains. Ceryle, 1
Forst. Fringillaria
Jerd. Treron, 7. -

bicinetus Gould, Bucco, 7.

Jard. & Selby, Charadrius, 30.

Temm. Cursorius, 6.
Swains. Melithreptus, 6
Licht. Pterocles, 4.
Temm. Pterocles, 5
biclavatus Hodgs. Gallinago, 10.
bicollaris Vieill. Palzeornis, 3.
bicolor Gray, Acanthylis, §
Gray, Acridotheres, 2.
Vieill. Agelaius, 4. -
Fras. Amadina, 13.
Tick. Amadina, 42. -
Leach, Amblyramphus, |
Vieill, Anas, 17. -
Cuv. Aramides, 11.
Vieill. Ardea, 39. -
Eyton, Buceros, 5. -
Towns. Calamospiza, 1.
Mull. & Schl. Campephaga,
Temm. Campephaga
Scop. Carpophaga -
Less. Centropus, 22.
Vieill, Centropus, 4
Gmel. Ceryle, 6. -
Vieill. Cissopis, 1. -
Less. Conirostrum -
Blackw. Corethrura -
Vieill. Cymindis -
Jard. Crateropus, 1
Boekl. Dacnis, 5. -
Vieill, Estrelda, 21. -
Gmel. Fluyicola, 4
Mill. Garrulax, 14.
Vieill, Hirundo, 26.

598
81
- 441
- - 37
400
455; App. 22

409; App. 19
5 - 213
352
659
368
- 439
162
- 290
646
- - 658
20; App. 3
- - 624
- - 607

610

- App. 16

'
'

616; a 28
- - 594
556
399
357
- 283
- eae 13
- App. 23
- = 459)
- - 455
82
- - 362
- App. 5
- App. 27
- App. 2
- - 224
- - 102
- - 369
- - 242
225; App. 10
- 58; App. 4

Page

bicolor Gmel. Hylocharis, 35. - - 114
Gmel. Juida, 24. - - - 327
Lath, Laniarius, 21. - - 299
Linn. Laniarius — - - App. 14
Swains. Leuconerpes, 1, - ~ 444
Less. Macronus, 9. - - - 210
Bodd. Merops - - App. 5
Daud, Merops, 21. - - - 86
Vieill. Mniotilta, 50, - - 196
Less. Nettapus - - App. 27
Temm. Oriolus, 3. - - - 232
Lath, Parus, 50. - - - 192
Linn. Parus, 38, = - - 192
Vieill. Peristera, 12. - - 476
Swains. Petroica, 6. - - 183
Gmel. Picus, 15. = 435; App. 21
Sparrm. Rhipidura, 7. - 258
Sykes, Saxicola, 29. - - 179
D Orb. & Lafr. Spermophila, 2. - 386;
App. 18

Gmel. Spermophila, 36. - - 386
Linn. Spermophila - - App. 18
Vieill. Sycobius, 7. - - - 352
Swains. Techitrea, 2. - - 259
Swains. Thamnophilus, 5. - - 297
Lafres. Timalia, 7. - - - 228
bicornis Linn. Buceros, 2. - - = 399
Scop. Buceros, 27. - - 400
Hempr. Otocoris, 3. - - 382
Licht. Podiceps, 20. - - 633

bicristatus Pall. Graculus, 1

667; App. 30

bidactylus Temm. Charadrius, 46. - - 544
bidentata, Swains, Pyranga, 5. - - 364
bidentatus, Lath. Harpagus, 1. - 22; App. 2

Shaw, Laimodon, 2. - - 428

bifasciata Gray, Aquila, 3.

- 13; App. 1

Hornsch. Aquila, 4. - - 13

Licht. Certhilauda, 8. - - 383

Say, Culicivora - - App. 8.

Swains. Formicivora, 17. - 212

Glog. Loxia, 6. = = - 388

Shaw, Nectarinia, 4. - - 97

Temm. Saxicola, 23. = - 179
bifasciatus Spix, Cacicus, 5. - - 342
Gould, Caprimulgus, 38. - 48

Wagl. Charadrius, 34. - - 544

bifrenatus Ehrenb. Laimodon, 8. - - 429
bifureata Swains. Mellisuga, 48. - - 112
bilineata Less. Rhipidura, 40. -" - 259
bilineatus, Jard. & Selby, Tanagra, 13. - 364
App. 16.

bileba Licht. Dicrurus, 12. - - 287
bilobus Gmel. Hoplopterus, 10. - - 542
bilopha Temm. Otocoris, 3. - - 382
bilophus Temm. Mellisuga, 67. - - 113
bimaculata Audub. Anas. - - App. 27
Ménétr. Melanocorypha, 3. - 381

Penn. Querquedula, 7. 616; App. 28
bimaculatus Swains. Ammodromus, 3. - 374
D Orb. & Lafr. Myiobius, 72. 249

Sparr. Palzornis, 12. - 410

Horsf. Pycnonotus, 34. = BEN

bipartitus Lath. Mellisuga, 50. - - 113
biru Horsf. Alcedo, 5. - - - 81
bisetis Forst. Platycercus, 34. - - 408
bispecularis Vigors, Garrulus, 4. - - 806
bispinosa Humb. Palamadea - App. 26
bistriatus Swains. Anthus, 17. - - 206
Wagl Cidienemus, 4. 535; App. 25

bistrigata Swains. Crithagra, 6. - - 385
bitorquata Swains, Bucco, 7. - - 74
Swains. Ceryle, 1. - = 82

D’ Orb. & Lafr. Synallaxis, 25. - 136
bitorquatus Wagl. Charadrius, 24, - - 544
Kuhl, Paleornis, 3. 9 - - 409

Vigors, Pteroglossus, 5. - 403

Temm, Turtur, 6. - - 472

bivittata Licht. Culicivora, 5. - 167
D’ Orb. & Lafr. Elania, 19. - 250

Lafr. Pyranga, 16. 364; App. 16
bivittatus Licht. Picolaptes, 1. = - 140
D Orb. & Lafr. Trichas, 7. - 197
Blackburniz Gmel. Mniotilta, 14, - - 196
blagrus Daud. Pontoaeétus, 4. - 18; App. 2
Blainvillei Garn. Peltops, 1. - - 66

66 INDEX OF SPECIFIC NAMES

Page | Page Page

Blanchoti Steph. Laniarius, 10, - - 299 | Boyeri Homb. & Jacq. Canpep nee 24. - 283 brasiliensis Vieill, Mergus, 4. 629; App. 28
Blandingiana Gamb. Zonotrichia, 12. - 373 | Boysii Lath. Sterna, 20. - - 659 Lath. Momotus, 1. a Z6S
Bloxami Gray, Euscarthmus, 4. - - 251 brac Dum. Bucorvus - - App. 19 Briss. Mycteria, 1, = - 562
Children, Phytotoma, 1. - - 890 braceata Meyen, Buteo, 9. - - a Le Shaw, Nectarinia, 49, - - 98
Blumenbachii Spix, Crax, 5. - - 486 Spix, Spizaétus, 1. - - 14 Pr, Max. Numenius - App. 26
Blythii Jerd. Hetwrornis, 3. $35 hon. 15 | brachipus Swains. Rallus, 5. - - 593 Gmel. Parra, 3. - - 589
boarula Linn. Motacilla, 13. . - 203 brachydactyla Temm. Alauda, 2. $80; App. 18 Briss. Pauxi, 2. - - 487
Penn, Motacilla, 10. - - 203 | brachydactylus Swains. Accipiter, 15. - 29 Temm, Phaétornis Suppl. App. 30, a.

Boersii Rang. Jacamerops, 2. - - 84 | Temm., Cireaétus, 1. - 16 Briss. Phaétornis, 10. - - 104
boetonensis, Lath. Strobilophaga App. 18 Temm. Lagopus, 6, 517; App. 25 Less. Piaya = App. 22
bobemica Briss. Ampelis, 1. ” ~ 278 Licht, Pelecanus, 4, - 668 Gmel, Polyborus, 1, 10; App. 1
bohemicus Gmel, Circus, 1. - - §2 Swains. Trichas, 5. - 197 Lath, Polytmus, $3. - SOS
Boiei Temm. Campephilus, 9. - - 436 | brachyotus Gmel. Otus, 3. - - 40 Pr. Max, Querquedula App. 28
Wagl. Campephilus, 8. 436; App. 21 brachy podioides Jurd. Andropadus, F - 236 Briss. Seaphorhynchus, 1. - 246
Temm. & Miill. Myzomela - App. 5 | brachyptera Vieill. Prinia, 2. - - 163 Briss. Spiza, 7. - - 375
Boissoneauii Zemm. Hirundo, 2. - - 57 Swains. Hyphantornis, 9. - 351 Spiz, Sula, 7. - = - 666
Boissonneautii Lafr. Anabates, 14. - 188 | Lath. Micropterus, 1. - - 623 Linn. Tigrisoma,1. 556; App. 25
bokharensis, Jaubert, Parus, 14. - - 192 Less. Piaya, 3. = - 457 Lath. Tinamus, 3. - - 524
boliviana, D’ Orb. Elania, 26. - - 251 | Lath. Sphenura, 1. - - 167 Swains. Tityra, 3. - - 253
D' Orb. & Lafr. Peristeral7. - 476 | brachypterus Kittl. Brachyrhamphus, 3. - 644 Brehmii Kaup, Gallinago, 3. 583; App. 26
bombycinus Vieill. Nectarinia, 6. - - 97 | Steph. Chordeiles * App. 4 Brelayi Lafr. Diglossa, 1. - - 137
bonana Linn. Xanthornus, 1. : - 344 | Temm. Micrastur, 1. - = 28 brenta Pall, Bernicla, 1. - 607; App. 27
Bonapartei, Less. Coccothraustes, 3. - 358 Lafr. Ocydromus, 3. - 596; | brevicauda Swains. Formicarius, 10. - 211
Fras. Diglossa, 4. - - 187 App. 27 Swains. Geositta, 4. - - 134

Barth. Exmberiza, 11. - - $77 Gould, Podargus, 8. - - 45 Bodd. Gyallaria, 6. ~ - 213

Rich. & Sw, Larus, 21. - 654 brachypus Swains, Sterna, 27. - - 659 Vieill. Grallaria, &. - - 213

Boiss. Mellisuga, 8. - - 112 Blyth, Turdus” - - App. 10 D' Orb & Lafr. Miudeserens, 1. - 202

Schleg. Tringa - App. 26 | brachyrhynechus Baill. Anser, 6. - - 607 Bodd. Pitta, 28, - 214

bonariensis Bodd. Anthus, 10 - - 206 Swains. Campethera, 1]. - 439 Swains. Platysteira, 11. - - 257
Comm. Embernagra, 2. - - 361 Besehe, Harelda, 1. - 822 | brevicaudata M‘Clell. Cotyle - App. 4

Gmel. Molothrus, 3. - - 346 Rich. & Sw. Larus, 15. - 654 Blyth, Drymoica, 58. - - 164

bonasia Linn. Bonasa 2. - - - 517 Fras. Mellisuga, 32. - 112 M‘Clell. §& Horsf. Hirundo, 44. 58;
Bonellii Temm. Aquila, 9. - - 14; App. 1. Brehm, Nucifraga App. 15 App. 4
Vieill. Sylvia, 22. - - - 174 Swains. Oriolus, 11. - 232 Riipp. Sylvia, 36. - - 174
Bonhami G. R. Gray, Caccabis, 7. - 508; Swains. Perisoreus, 2. - 306 | brevicaudatus Riipp. MSS. Oligura, 1. - 156
App. 24 Gould, Rissa, 2. - - 655 | brevicaudus Brandt, Puffinus - App. 29

bononiensis Gmel. Fringilla, 49. - - 372 | brachytarsa Graba, Sterna, 34. - - 659 Vieill, Turdus, 84. - - 219
Gmel, Vanellus, 1. - - 541 | brachytarsus Hollboll, Larus - App. 29 | brevipennis Licht. Thalassiornis - App. 28

Bontii Lath. Charmosyna, 1. - - 416 | brachyura Jard. Acanthylis - App. 4 | brevipes Waterh. Bessonornis, 10. - - 220
boobang Less. Petroica, 1. - - 183 Temm. Diomedea, 8. 650; App. 29 Pr. Max. Myiobius, 67. - - 249
boobook Lath, Athene, 30. - 35; App. 3 Vieill. Drymoica Suppl. App. 30, a. Hodgs. Niltava, 4. - ~ 264
boraquia Spiz, Nothura, 1. - - 525. | Nils. Otus, 3. - - 40 Lafr, Tachyphonus - App. 17
borbonica Gmel. Hirundo, 18. - Se etsy Linn, Pitta, 14. - - 213 Vieill. Totanus, 17. - = 573
var. B, Lath. Hirundo, 19. =e 58) | Vigors & Horsf. Pitta, 15. - 213 brevirostra Vieill. Phzetusa, 1. - - 660

Gmel. Ploceus Suzpl. App. 30 b Lafr. Synallaxis, 33. - - 136 brevirostris Gould, Acanthiza, 16. - - 189

Gmel. Sylvia, 33. - 174 | brachyurus Vieill. Buteo, 20. - - 12 D’ Orb. & Lafr. Agelaius, 15. - 347

Gmel. Tchitrea, 7. a - 260 Vieill. Campylorhynehus App. 7 Bon. Anser, 5. 607; App. 27

Bodd. Zosterops, 2. ~ - 198 Vieill. Formicarius, 26. - 211 Thienem. Anser, 6. - - 607

Gmel. Zosterops, 11. - - 198 Viecill. Meiglyptes, 3. 447; App. 22 Vigors, Brachyrhamphus, 1. - 644
borbonicus Gmel. Turdus, 73. . - 219 Gmel. Platyrhynchus, 12. - 256 Lafr. Campylorhynehus, 7, = 159
borealis Lath. Aphriza, 1. - - - 548 | Kuhl, Psittacus, 20, 421; App. 20 Pr. Max. Charadrius, 41. - 544
Gmel. Buteo, 6. - - - ll | Vieill. Turdus, 86. - - 219 Swains. Copsychus, 1. - - 177

Briin. Colymbus, 3. - - 631 bracteatus Gould, Dicrurus, 13. 287; App. 13 Pr. Maz. Elania, 2. - - 250

Pall. Cuculus, 1. - - - 463 Gould, Nyctibius, 7. = = 45 Tschudi, Elania, 28. - - 251

Zett. Emberiza, 6. - - 377 | brag J. Geoffr. Ardea, 1. - - - 555 G. R. Gray, Eudyptes, 7. - 641

Vieill. Fringilla, 54. = - 372 brama Temm. Athene,2. - = - $4 Gould, Fringilla, 47. = - 372

Vieill, Lanius, 6. - ” - 290 | Less. Haleyon, 8. - : =) 72) Gould, Graculus, 24. - - 667

Swains. Myiobius, 3. - 248 | Brandtii Hartl. Garrulus - App. 14 Spix, Heteropoda, 1. - - 580

Lath, Numenius, 14, 569; App. 26 | brasilia Linn, Ramphopis, 2. 363; App. 16 Swains. Leistes, 4. - - 348

Wiis. Numenius, 13. - 569 | brasilianus Gmel. Daenis, 6. - - 102 Vig. & Horsf. SLE EERED ws, 10. 128

Temm. Ortyx, 1. - - - 514 Less. Diplopterus,2. - - 456 Swains. Molothrus, 2. - 346

Selys. Longch. Parus, 30. - - 192 | Gmel, Graculus, 12. 669; App. 30 D' Orb. & Lafr. Diyipbities 74. 249

Vieill. Picus,18. - = - 435 | brasiliense Linn. ‘Tigrisoma, 1. 556; App. 25 Spix, Myiobius, 68. - - 249

Swains. Rhynchops, 1. < - 656 brasiliensis Bodd. Amadina, 3. -, - 369 Licht. Numenius, 14. - 569

Less. Surnia,l. = = - 33 Briss. Ardea, 55. - - 556 M‘Clell. Paradoxornis, 1. - 389

albus Briss. Corvus, 3. - - $15 | Linn. Calliste, 11. - - 366 Gould, Pardalotus - Ase 13

borin Bodd. Sylvia, 11. - - - 174 Gmel. Caprimulgus, 30. 48; App.3 Vigors, Pericrocotus, 4. - 282
borneus Lath. Eos, 2. - - 47) | Gmel. Ceryle, 14. - - 82 Cab. Platyrhynechus - App. 11
Less. Eos, 9. = = = 417 Swains. Chloronerpes, 1. - 443 G. R. Gray, Podilymbus, 2. - 633

Wagl. Palzornis, 4. - 409 Linn. Chrysotis, 10. - - 422 Less. Polytmus, 44. = - 108

boschas Linn. Anas, 1. - 615; App. 27 | Swains. Colaptes, 2. = - 446 Lawr, Procellaria - App. 29
Boschii Mill. Pitta, 10. - = 213 | Lath. Conurus, 14. = - 413 Less. Procellaria, 18. - 648
botaurulus Schrk. Ardea, 37. - - 556 Less. Dasycephala - App. 9 Less. Pteroglossus, 32. - 404
botaurus Gmel. Ardea, 3. - = - 555 Gmel. Donacobius, 1. - = 293 Spiz, Rhynchops, 1. - ~ 656
Botte Blainv. Geococcyx, 1. - - 453 | Pr. Neuw. Donacobius, 1. - 293 Spiz, Spermophila, 6. - - 386
bottanensis De Less. Pica, 3. - - 314 | Temm. & Schl. Ephialtes, 12. - 38 Gray, Sterna, 8. - - 659
Bouqueti Bechst Chrysotis, 11. 422; Rae 22 | Licht, Eudyptes, 9. - - 641 Strickl. Sylvia, 18. - - 174
boulboul Lath. Laniarius, 20. 299; App. 14 | Gmel. Fringilla, 44. - - $71 Lafr. Thamnophilus, 30, - 298
Lath. Turdus” - - App. 10 Less. Galbula, 8. - - 83 Spiz, Tityra, 36, - - 254
Bourcierii Lafr. Capito, 9. - - 430 Swains, Gallinago, 15. - - 583 Audub. Troglodytes, 8. - 158
Less. Phztornis, 9. - - 104 | Gmel. Graculus, 12. 667; App. 30 | breviunguis Spiz. Anthus, 13. - - 206

Bourkii Gould, Euphbema, 8. - - 411 Licht. Hematopus, 4. - - 547 Breweri Audub. Anas, 1. 615; App: 27
bouroensis Quoy & Gaim. Tropidorhynchus, 5. | Less. Harpagus, 1. 22; App. 2 Audub, Quiscalus - App. 15
125 Brehm, Himantopus, 4. - 577 Bridgesii Fras. Larus, 33. - - - 654

bouvronides Less. Spermophila, 55. - 386 Gmel. Mareca, 7. - - 614 Brisbani Wils. Epimachus, 4. - - 94

INDEX OF SPECIFIC

fo)

Brissonianus Shaw, Accipiter, 10. - - 29
Brissonii Wagl. Chettusia, 13. - - 541
Licht. Pitylus, 6. - - 362

Less. Tringa - - App. 26

Brodiei Burt. Athene, 9. - - - 35
bromicolor, Less. Polytmus, 20. - - 108
bronzina Riipp. Peristera, 11. - - 476
Brownii Shaw, Accipiter, 14. - - 29
Jurd & Selby, Malurus, 8 - 165

Vig. & Horsf. Malurus, 9 - 165

Kuhl, Platycereus, 8. 408; App. 19

Temm. Platycereus, 13. - - 408

brubru Lath. Nilaus, 1. - - - 291
Brucei Riipp. Laimodon, 4. - - 428
Bruchi Brehm, Anser, 4. - 607; App. 27
brumalis Bechst. Fringilla, 32. - - 371
Strickl. Fringilla, 33. - = S77

brunnea Gould, Acanthiza, 26. - - 189

Gould, Colluriocincela, 4.

295; App. 14

Gould, Muscisaxicola, 7. - - 202

Eyton, Nyroca, 6. - - 621

Hodgs. Ruticilla, 14. . - 180

Gould, Sphenura, 3. - - 167

Gould, Synallaxis, 19. - - 136

Spix, Tachyphonus, 5. - - 365

Blyth, Turdus, 25. - - 219
brunneicapillus Lafr. Campylorhynchus, 4. 159
brunneicephalus Jerd, Larus, 27. - - 654
brunneiceps Jerd. Haleyon - Apes 4
brunneifrons Hodys. Drymoica, 63. - 164
brunneinucha Lafr. Embernagra, 4. - 361;
App. 16

brunneiventris Lafr. Diglossa - App. 6.;

Suppl. App. 30 a

brunneonucha Brandt, Fringilla, 65. - 372
brunneopygus Gould, Drymodes, 1 - 183
brunnescens Jerd. Calamodyta, 19. - 172
brunneus Gould, Hypotriorchis, 12. = 20
Eyton, Meiglyptes, 2. = - 447

Bechst. Tinnunculus, 1. - Sel

Bodd. Turdus, 43. - - 219
brunniceps Brandt, Emberiza,31. 377; App. 17
D Orb. & Lafr. Setophaga, 13. - 265
Brunnichii Leach, Rissa, 1. = 655
Sabine; Uria, 5. - - 645
brunnifrons Vigors, Picus, 12. - - 435
brunnitorques, Lafr. Acanthylis, 7. = 55
bubo Linn. Bubo, 1. - - = 37
bubulcus Savig. Ardea, 39. - - 556
bubutus Horsf. Centropus, 3. - - 455
Ragfl. Centropus - - App. 22

bucealis Bechst- Conurus, 25. - - 414
buccinator Temm. Buceros, 9. - - 399
Rich. Cygnus, 7. - - 610

buccoides Temm. Cissa - - App. 14
Temm. HBaleyon, 21. . - 79
bucephala Linn. Clangula, 5. - - 622
bucephalus Temm. & Schl. Enneoctonus, 5. 291
buceroides Swains Tropidorhynehus, 2. - 125
Buchanani Vig. & Horsf. Acanthiza, 12. - 189
Blyth, Drymoica, 63. = - 164

Blyth, Emberiza ~ App. 17
budytoides D’ Orb. & Lafr. Culicivora, 6. - 176
Buffoni Temm. & Kuhl, ehsseoprilus,. 4 SS ENO)
Gmel. Cireus, 1. «= - $2

Lafr. Picumnus, Be - - 432

Less. Polytmus, 17. - - 108

Boie, Stercorarius, 2. - - 653

Swains. Turacus, 1. - - 395

Vieill. Turacus, 2. - . - 395
Buffonianus Shaw, Pastor, 3. - - 334
bullaragang Wagl. Ardea, 7. - - 555
Bullockii Swains. Icterus, 16. - - 343
Vieill. Melittophagus, 4. - - 86

Wagl. Psilorhinus, 2. - - 308

Selby, Thalassidroma, 5. - - 648
Bullockoides A. Smith, Melittophagus, 5. - 86
Bulweri Jard. § Selby, Thalassidroma, 10. - 648
App. 29

buphagoides Leadb. Indicator, 4. - - 451
Burchellii Swains. Centropus, 9. - - 455
Swains. Cheetops, 1. - - 217

Swains. Cursorius, 5. - S SY

A. Smith, Juida, 2. - - 326

A Smith, Turacus, 8. - - 395

NAMES.

67

Page

burka Pr. Bonap. Gallinago, 13. - - 583
Burkii, Burt. Rhipidura - - App. 12
Burnesii Blyth, Garrulax - - App. 10
- Blyth, Psammenas - App. 25
Burnettii Gray, Psilorhinus, 2. - - 308
burra Gray, Lanius - - App. 14
Burrovianus Gamb. Cathartes - App. 1
Burtoni Gould, Fringilla, 9. - - 371
bursarius Merr. Cacicus - - App. 15
busarellus Daud. Morphnus - App. 1
buson Shaw, Morphnus, 2. - 15; App. 1
Spix, Morphnus - - App. 1
Buteo Less. Archibuteo, 1. - =
Linn. Buteo, 1. - - o iil

Pail. Buteo, 1. - - = -1]
buteoides Lafr. Avicida - - App. 2
Nutt. Buteo, 7. - - - 12
buteonides Less. Cymindis, 1. - - 25
butyracea Linn, Crithagra Suppl. App. 30 ¢
Byronensis Gray, Cyanotis, 1. - - 175
Blox. Drepanis, 4. - - 96

Byroni Childr. Conurus, 5. - - 413
Cabanisii Tsch. Ceryle, 9. - - - 82
eabocola Spiz, Chamepelia, 2. - - 475
caboga Penn. Ardea, 39. - - - 556
cacalotl Wagl. Corvus, 5. - - - 315
cacharensis Hodgs. Accentor, 3. = - 187
Hodgs. Sylvia, 26. - - 174
eachinnans Linn. Cachinna, 1. - 15; App. 1
Pall, Larus; 5. - - - 654

Jerd. Pterocyclus, 7. - - 296

Temm. Saxicola, 5, - - 179

eactorum Pr. Mar. Conurus, 12. - - 413
D’ Orb. Picus, 30. - - 435

Cecil Aud. Anthus, 4. - = - 206
celebs Linn. Fringilla, 1. - - - 371
ceelestis Less. Euphonia - - App. 17
Less. Platyeereus - - App. 19

Spix, Tanagra, 5. - - - 364

Swains. Tanagra, 7. 364; App. 16
exligena Less. Mellisuga, 15. - - 112
exlicolor Hodgs. Grandala, 1, 184; App. 8
eelipeta Pall. Alauda, 1. - - - 380
cerulatus Hodgs, Garrulax, 13. - - 225
cxrulea Gmel. Alcedo, 7. - - - 8]
var. Lath. Ardea, 33. - - 556

Linn. Ardea, 29. - 556; APP: 25

Linn. Czreba, 2. - 101

Scop. Calornis, 3. - - - 327

Temm. Columba. 24, - - 470

Vieill. Cotinga, 1. - - « 279

Vieill. Cotinga, 2. - - - 279

Linn. Coua, 2. - - - 454

Gmel. Culicivora, 2. 176; i, 8

Vieill, Cyanocorax, 12. - - 307

Vieill. Daenis, 2. - - - 102

Swains. Guiraca, 1. . - 357

Linn. Haleyon, 43. - 79; App 5

Vieill. Hylocharis, 34. - - 114

Gmel. Myiagra, 10. - - 261

Vieill. Pardalotus, 9. - - 270

Raffi. Pitta, 1, - - - 213

var. B Gmel. Pitylus, 6. - - 362
Vandelli, Porphyrio, 1. - - 598

Gmel. Procellaria, 22. 648; App. 29

Vieill, Progne, 1. - - = 59

Gmel, Spiza, 1. - - 375

Hartl. Vanagrella - App. 17

Vieill, Tersa, 1. - - - 278

Briss. Turdus, 97. . - 219
eeruleanus Malh. Parus, 10. 192; App 9
cxruleata, Licht. Pterocyanea, 4. - - 617
exruleatus Shaw, Eos. 2. - = - 417
Bechst. Lorius, 4. - - 416

exrulecula Pall. Cyanecula, 1. - - 182
exruleicinetus D’ Orb. Pteroglossus, 30. - 404
ceruleifrons, Lafr. Conirostrum «= App. 5
eeruleocapilla Tschudi, Pipra, 24. - - 274

exruleocephala Gmel, Alcedo, 8. - - 81

Swains, Anthornis, 1. - 123
Swains. Calliste, 18. 366; App.

17
Scop, Museicapa, 25, - 263

cxruleocephala Sykes, Myiagra, 10.
Vigors, Ruticilla, 6

Page
- 261
- 180

Quoy & Gaim. Tchitrea, 20. 260

ceruleocephalus Lath. Merops, 15.
Jard. & Selby, Momotus, 3.

ceruleocollis Vigors, Sialia, 2.

ceruleogaster Gould, Polytmus, 18. -

cerulescens Vieill. Alcedo, 14.
Linn. Anser, 7.
Lath, Ardea, 29.
Vieill. Ardea, 6.

Blyth, Campephaga, 50. -

Vieill. Circus -
Vieill. Cuculus, 48.

Vieill. Cyanocorax, 15.

Blyth. Dicrurus, 22.
Linn. Dicrurus, 8.
Vieill. Estrelda, 23.
Temm. Eupetes, 3.
Vieill. Eupodotis, 14.

Vieill. Formicivora, 12.

Vieill. Geranospiza, 1
Vieill. Geronticus, 9.
Kittl. Terax, 2.

var. Lath. Terax, 5.
Linn. lTerax, 1.
Blyth, Yerax, -
Lath. Merops, 25.
Swains. Mimus, 16.
Lath. Motacilla, 9.
Gmel. Mniotilta, 22.

Pr, Max. Mniotilta, 52.

Lath. Pardalotus, 9
Gmel. Rallus, 7.
Vieill. Saltator, 4.

Vieill. Spermophila, 29.
Vieill, Thamnophilus, 12. -

Vieill. Tinamus, 12.
Lath. Zosterops, 5.
ceruleus Shaw, Irrisor, 4.
Dum. Megalaima, 9.
Gmel. Mergus, 7
Swains. Nyctiornis, 2. -
Linn. Parus, 7.
Gmel Pteroglossus, 34,
Vieill, Stephanophorus, 1.
Cuv. Zosterops, 5
cxruliceps Gould, Momotus, 3.
eerulifrons Shaw, Chrysotis, 11-
cesia Licht. Campephaga, 29.
Cretzschm. Fringillaria, 10.
Less. Monarcha, 11. -
Licht, Setophaga -
Wolf & Meyer, Sitta, 1.
cesius Spix, Aramides, 11.
Cuv. Campephaga, 6.
Sav. Elanus, 1. -
Meyer, Hypotriorchis, 10,
Tick. Parus, 20. -
cafer Temm. Aquila, 14. -
Gmel, Capito, 12. -

Licht. Corvus, 25. <-
Licht. Cypselus, 2. -
Forst. Laniarius =

Linn, Promerops, 1. -
Linn. Pyenonotus, 29,
caffer Licht. Psittacus, 7. -
Forst. Rallus, 7. -

caffra G'mel, Chera, 1. .
Licht. Eupodotis, 7
Linn. Saxicola -

Forst. Tringa, 16. -
caffrariensis Steph. Fringillaria
cafrensis Licht. Geronticus, 10.
cahirica Licht. Hirundo, 2.
caica Lath. Psittacus, 17. -
caixana Spiz, Conurus, 24.

Spiz, Piaya, 3. -
ealandra Linn. Emberiza, 24.
Linn, Melanocorypha, 1
ealandrella Bonelli, Alauda, 2.

ealandria D’ Orb. & Lafr. Mimus,

calearata Hodgs. Motacilla, 11.
Pall. Picetrophanes, 2.

Temm. Plectrophanes, 2,

na

- 86
68
- - 184

- = 81

< App. 3

- - 196

- - 270
- - 593
363; App. 16
- 386

365; Aas. 16
- - 198
68
- 422
- 283
378 ; App. 17.
= - 260
- App. 12
- - 147
594
283,
26
20
- - 192
14

- 430
315; App. 15
54
= App. 14
- 97; App. 5
- - 237
421
593,
355
533

INDEX OF SPEC

IFIC

Page

calearatus Pr. Max. Formicarius, 24, - 211
Lath. Monasa, 1. - - 74

Swains, Tyrannus, 10, - - 247

calceolata Dubus, Ardea, 47. - - 556
calcostetha Jard. Nectarinia, 68. - - 98
caledonica Gmel. Muscicapa, 47. 263; App. 12
Gmel. Pica, 6. - - 314
caledonicus Less. Campephaga, 6. - - 283
Gmel, Nycticorax, 5. 558 ; App. 25

Lath, Pica, 8. - - $14

Gmel. Platycereus, 8, 408 ; App. 19

Calei Vig. & Horsf. Astur, 4. - - 27
calendula Linn. Regulus, 21, - - 175
ealida Lath. Amadina, 16. - - 370
calidris Linn. Calidris, 1. - - - 581
Meyer, Calidris, 1. - - 581

Linn. Mniotilta, 65. “ - 197

Linn. Totanus, 4. - - - 573

ealidus Lath. Falco, 4. - - - 19
californiana Less, Geococeyx, 1. - - 453
californianus Shaw, Cathartes, 3. - 6; App. 1

514; App. 24
307; App.

californica Lath. Callipepla, 2.
californicus Vigors, Cyanocorax, 14,

14

Less. Xanthornus - App. 15

ealigata Licht. Calamodyta, 11. — - - 172
ealigatus Gould, Polytmus - App. 5
Raffi. Spizaetus, 8. - - 14

Licht. Totanus, 11. - - 573

Gould, 'Trogon, 18. - - 70

ealipyga Hodgs. Leiothrix, 1. - - 269
calito Jard. & Selby. Conurus, 40, - 414
ealleas Wagl. Chettusia, 4. - - 541
calliope Linn. Cyanecula, 3. - - 182

calliparea Licht. Calliste - App. 17
callocephala Wagl. Nycticorax, 11.
callonotus Waterh. Dendrobates, 12. 437; App. 21

callorhynchus Wagl. Ramphastos, 6. - 403
Blyth, Zanclostomus, 1. - 460

ealquin Shaw, Thrasaétus, 1. - = 15
calthopticus Vieill. Conurus, 31. - - 414
ealya Gmel. Gracula, 5. - - - 330
Jerd, Leptoptilus, 3. - - - 561
Lafr. Megalaima, 24. - - 429
Temm. Treron, 10. - - - 467
ealvus Bodd. Geronticus, 2. es - 566
Gmel. Gymnocephalus, 1. - - 319

Scop. Otogyps, 2. - - 4; App. 1

Vieill. Porphyrio, 12. - - 598
ealyorhynehus Temm. Phcenicophaus, 4. - 459
cambaiensis Lath, Coturnix, 6. - - 507
Lath. Tora, 2. - - - 199

Lath. Muscicapa, 44, - - 263

Lath. Thamnobia . App. 8

Gmel. Turtur, 8. - - 472

camelus Linn. Struthio, 1. - - 527
campanella Lath. Formicivora - App. 9
eampanisoma Liché. Grallaria - App. 9
campestris Bechst. Anthus, 6. - - 206
Gould, Calamanthus, 2. - 164

Licht. Chrysoptilus, 2. 440; App. 21

Vieill. Circus, 5. 32; App. 2

Spiz, Columbina, 3. 474; App. 24
Gould, Drymoica, 51. - - 164

Pr. Bonap. Euspiza, 9. - - 376

Spir, Fringilla, 45. - - 371

Pall. Motacilla, 12. - - 203

Vieill. Numenius - App. 26

Schr. Passer, 5. - - 373

Licht. Podager, 1. . = OZ

Vieill. Totanus, 10. 573; App. 26

Licht, Tringa, 9. 579; App. 26

Vieill. Tringa, 21. - - 580
eampylopterus Gmel. Polytmus, 1. - 107
campylostylus Licht. Polytmus, 4, - 107
camschatkensis Gmel. Cyanecula, 3. - 182
camtschatica Lepech. Phaleris, 6. - - 638
Penn. Sterna, 30. - - 659

eana Linn. Amadina,9, - - 370
Gmel. Bernicla, 6. - 607; ; Apa. 27

Cuv. Campephaga, 29. - - 283
Linn. Campephaga, 31. 283; App. 13
Sykes, Campephaga, 32. - - 283
Gmel, Casarca - - App. 27
Gmel. Culicivora, 2. - - - 176

Page

cana Licht. Eupodotis, 14. - 533
Gmel. Psittacula, 12. 493; App. 20
Gmel. Spermophila, 12. - 286
Swains. Tanagra, 1. - 364; App. 16
eanace Linn, Tetrao, 3. = - 516
canadensis Linn. Aquila, 1. - - 13
Linn. Bernicla, 12. 607; App. 27

Pall. Bernicla, 13. - 608

Linn. Ectopistes, 1. - - 471

Linn. Grus, 6. - - 552

Bodd, Mniotilta, 2. - - 196

Linn. Mniotilta, 2. - - 196

Licht. Perisoreus, 3. - - 306

Linn. Perisoreus, 2. - - 306

Gmel. Picus, 20, - 485

Linn, Pitylus, 2. 362; App. 16

Swains. Setophaga, 11. 265; App. 12

Lath. Sitta, 5. - - 147; App. ti

Briss, Surnia, 1. - 33

Linn. 'Tetrao, 3. - - 516

Linn, Thamnophilus, 34. - 298

Linn. Thamnopbilus, 35. - 298

Lath. Tringa, 26. - - 580

Lath. Zonotrichia, 18. - - 374

canagica Sewast. Bernicla, 7. - - 607
canaria Swains. Crithagra, 7. - - 385
var. Fringilla, 26. - - 371

eancellatus Wagl. Picus, 31. - - 435
eancromus Zemm. Platyrhynchus, 2 256;
App. 11

cancrophaga Bodd. Haleyon, 10. - - 79
Forst. Haleyon, 7. - -~ 79

Candei Parz. Pipra, 11. - - 274
D” Orb. & Lafr. si nese 14, - 136
eandicans Gmel, Falco, 1. - - 19
eandida Briinn. Arctica, 1. - - 645
Briss. Ardea, 12. - - - 555

Forst. Epimachus, 2. - - 94

Sparm. Passer, 1. - - 372

Forst. Gygis, 1 660 ; App. 30

Briss. Limosa, 7. - - 570

Lath. Nyectea, 1, - - = 94

Tick, Strix - - App. 3

Steph. Sula, 4. - - - 666

Briss. Tantalus, 3. - - 564
eandidissima Cameli, Ardea, 14. = - 555
Gmel. Ardea, 25. - - 555

candidum Less. Astur, 6. - - - O77
eandidus, Vieill. Bernicla, 4. - - 607
Vieill. Cygnus - - App. 27

Bonn, Himantopus, 1. 577; App. 26

Otto, Leuconerpes, 1. — = - 444

Fabr. Pagophila, 1. - - 655

Briss. Phaéton. 4. - - 663

Bourc. & Muls. Polytmus, 45. —- :108

canente Less. Hemicircus, 2. - - 437

canescens Hodgs. Buteo, 2. - = ali

Lath. Collurioeinela, 1. - - 295

Gould, Fringilla, 55. - - 372

Bechst. Larus, 19. - - 654

Mey. Sterna, 20, - - 659

Pr. Bonap. Totanus, 20. - 573
canicapilla Strickl. Nigrita, 1. A - 354
Pr. Maz. Trichas,2. - . - 197

Gould, Zonotrichia, 7. - - 373
eanicapillus Blyth, Picus - - App. 21
caniceps Swains. Anabates, 21. . - 138
Lafr. Criniger, 3. - ~ 236

Wagl. Dendrobates, 3. - - 437

Vigors, Fringilla, 11. . = 371

D’ Orb. Fringilla, 60 - - 372

Nils. Gecinus, 3. - - - 438

Blyth, Lanius - - App. 14

Frankl. Megalaima, 22. - - 429

Swains. Myiobius, 38. - - 249

Vigors & Horsf. Rhinortha, 1. - 460
eanicollis Wagl. Conurus, 43. - - 414
Swains. Crithagra, 4. - 385

Wagl. Ortalida, 9 485 ; App. 24

Swains. Sphecotheres, 1. - 231
canicularis Lath. Conurus - . App. 19
eanifrons Lafr. Limnornis, 3. - - 134
canigularis, Lafr. Tachyphonus = - App. 17
caninde Wagl. Ara, &. - 412; App. 19
canipennis Swains. Dicrurus, 19. - - 287

|
|
|

NAMES.

Page

canipileus D’ Orb, §& Lafr. Chrysoptilus App. 99
cannabina Linn, Fringilla, 52. - - 372
Canivetti Less. Anabates, 10. - - 138
Less. Hylocharis, 19. - - 114

canora Scop. Nectarinia, 41. - - 98
canorus Linn. Cuculus, 1. - - - 463
Linn, Garrulax, 3. - - 225

Vig. & Horsf. Haliastur, 3. - 18

Thunb. Melierax, 1. - - 30
cantabrigiensis Gmel. Totanus, 5. - - 573
cantans Gmel. Amadina, 45. = - 370
Temm. & Sch, Calamodyta, 7. - 172

Gmel. Cyphorhinus, 3. - - 156

Jerd, Mirafra, 5. - 383; Aun: 18
cantator Bodd. Formicivora App. 9
Tick. Rhipidura - - App. 12
eantatoris Gould, Cinclorhamphus, 2.’ - 168
cantatrix Zemm. Niltava, 5. - - 264
Wils. Vireo, 1. - - - 267

cantiaca Gmel. Sterna, 20. - - 659
cantianus Lath. Charadrius, 17. - - 544
ceantillans Temm. & Sch. Calamodyta, 6. - 172
Gould, Cinclorhamphus, 2. - 168

Lath. Diczum, 8. = 100

Jerd. Mirafra, 5. - - om 18

Blyth, Treron - - App. 23

cantor Gel. Calornis, 1. - - - 327
Less. Drymoieca, 48. - - 164

eanus Gmel. Bonasa, 2. - - - 517
Gould, Charadrius, 31. - - 544

Gmel. Geeinus, 3. - - - 438

Linn. Larus, 14. - - - 654
Blyth, Pastor, 7. - - - 354

Pall. Rissa, 1. - - - 655

Wagl. ‘Yinamus, 2. - - ~ 524
canutus Linn. Tringa, 1. - - 579
Capellei Temm. Treron. 12. 4673 App. 23
capensis Gmel. Anas, i3. - 616; App. 28
Less. Anastomus - - App. 26

Linn. Anthus, 33. - - 206

A. Smith, Athene, 11. - = 85

Daud. Bubo, 3. - - 37; App. 3

Linn. Bueco,1. - - - 74

Temm. & Schl. Buteo, 1. - —s Ul

Bodd. Certhilauda - App. 18

Swains. Chaulelasmus, 1. - - 617

Gmel. Colius, 1. - 393; App. 18

Linn. Corethrura, 5. - - 595

Licht. Corvus, 15. - - 315

Gmel. Cuculus, 31. - - 463

Gmel, Dendrobates, 3. - - 437

Forst. Dendrobates - App. 21

Steph. Dendrobates, 1. - - 437

Smith, Drymoica, 20. =i - 163

Steph. Drymoiea, 1. - - 163

Smith, Ephialtes, 1. - - 38

Gmel. Francolinus, 17. - - 505

var. Lath. Fringillaria, 1. - - 378

Linn. Fringillaria, 3. - - 378

Swains. Fringillaria, 1. - - 378

Forst. Geronticus, 2. - - 566

Sparr. Graculus, 9. - - 667

Licht. Hematopus, 2. . - 547

Linn. Haleyon, 14. - - 79

Gmel. Hirundo, 12. : - 58

A. Smith, Hyphantornis, 21. - 351

Less. Irrisor, 1. - - - 90

Gmel, Mareca, 6. - - - 614

Linn. Motacilla, 6. - - 203

Linn. Nectarinia, 2. - - 97

Shaw, Nilaus, 1. - - - 291

Licht. CEdicnemus, 3. - - 535

Linn. OSna, 1. - - - 472

Swains. Oriolus, 12. - - 232

A. Smith, Otus, 7. - - 40

Gmel. Paroides, 2. - - 193

A. Smith, Parra, 11. - - 589

Swains. Phyllastrephus, 1. - 238

A. Smith, Platyrhynehus, 13. ~ 256

Linn. Platysteira, 9. - - 257

Linn. Ploceus, 10. - - 352

Linn. Procellaria, 23. 648 ; er} 29

Less. Promerops - - App. 5

Gmel. Psittacula, 2. - - 423

Gmel. Pyenonotus, 27. - - 237

capensis var. Lath. Pyenonotus, 26.
A, Smith, Querquedula, 15.

Linn. Rhyncheza, 2
Swains. Saxicola, 22.
Less. Scops, 3. -
Thunb. Scops, 3. =
Ogilby, Serpentarius, 1.
A. Smith, Spatula, 3

A. Smith, Strix, 6. -

Linn. Sturnopastor, 1,
Licht. Sula, 2. -
Kuhl, Tehitrea, 17.
Shaw, Tinnunculus, 4
Sparrm. Turnagra, 1.
Gmel. Upupa, 4. =
Jard. Upupa -
Swains. Upupa, 2.
Gmel. Xanthornus, 13.
capillata Temm. Leptoptilus, 3

capistrata Temm. Carpophaga, 11. -

Boié, Malacopteron
Vigors, Sibia, 2. -
Vigors, Spermophila, 34.
Riipp. Sylvia, 6

Spiz, Tanagra -

eapistratus Less. Campylorhynchus, 6.

Pr. Bonap. Larus, 21.
Temm. Larus, 19.
Temm. Macronus, 2.

Jard, & Selby, Odontophorus, 2. -

Spix, Tachyphonus, 21.

Less. Thamnophilus, 26.
Bechst. Trichoglossus, 1.

Less. Trogon -
-eapitalis Wagl. Corvus, PN
Lath, Hyphantornis, 5.
M*‘Clell. Muscicapa, 21.
capitata D’ Orb. & Lafr. Tanagra, 10.
capitatus Shaw, Platycercus, 7.
caprata Linn. Saxicola, 29.
capucinus Less. Crateropus
Geoffr. Gymnocephalus,
Hartl, Turdus” -
capueira Spitz, Odontophorus, 2.
earacca Shaw, Thrasaétus, 1.
Pepp. Ortalida, 13.
earbo Linn. Graculus, 2. -
Pall. Oidemia, 3._—-
Pall, Uria, 1. -
earboides Gould, Graculus, 5.

carbonaria D’Orb. & Lafr. Diglossa, 2. -
D Orb. & Lafr. Euspiza, 10. = ¢

Sol. MS.? Puffinus, 8
carbonarius Licht. Accipiter, 20.
Less. Campephaga, 35.
Pall. Parus, 12.
Ill. Turdus, 58.
earbonata Audub. Mniotilta, 46.
carbunculus Gmel. Mellisuga, 96.
eardinalis Linn. Cardinalis, 1.
Sparr. Cardinalis, 2
Besehe, Carpodacus, 1.
Less. Dendrobates
Bold. Lorius, 3.
Homb. & Jacq. Lorius

Vig. & Horsf. Myzomela, 1

Vieill. Nectarinia, 27.
Gmel. Picus, 17.
eardis Temm. Turdus, 50.
carduelis Linn. Fringilla, 7
earibea Temm. Columba, 25.
earibeus D’ Orb. Myiobius, 59.
eariceta Naum. Calamodyta, 15.
earinata Swains. Monarcha, 1
carinatus Blyth, Buceros -
Dubus, Momotus
Swains. Cyphorhinus, 2.
Swains. Gallinula
Swains. Ramphastos, 6.
earipensis Humb. Steatornis, 1.
Carlsoni Daud. Cardinalis, 2
earneus Less. Cardinalis, 5
earnifex Linn. Pheenicircus, 1.
Spix, Pheenicircus, 2.
carniolica Gmel, Ephialtes, 1

INDEX OF SPECIFIC

NAMES.

69

513
365; App. 17

- 298

= 41
- App. 4
- - 315
- - 351
- = 263
364; App.16
- - 408
- - 179
- App. 10
ile S19
- App. 10
- - 513
15
- - 485
667 ; App. 30
- 625
645

= - 29

- 283
- - 192
219; aoe 10
- - 196
113
358
358
384
= App. 21
- - 416
- App. 20
- 118
98
- - 435

219; Suppl. App. 30 b

- esse!
- - 470
- - 249
- - 172
260; App. 12
- App. 19
- App. 4
- =) as
- App. 27
= - 403
44
- - 358
- - S57
273; App. 13
- - 273
38

Page

carnipes Hodgs. Coccothraustes, 7. 358; App. 16
Gould, Puffinus, 9 647; App. 29
earnivorus Vieill, Seaphorhynchus, 1 - 246
Caroli Boure. Hylocharis, 44. - eS
carolina Linn. Ortygometra, 2. - - 593
Caroline August Spiz, Conurus, 7. - 413
carolinensis Briss. Caprimulgus, 23. - 48
Swains. Centurus, 1. - - 442

Linn. Conurus, 8. - - 413

Linn. Ectopistes, 2. - - 471

Briss. Ephialtes, 9. = - 38

Briss. Hypotriorchis, 11. - 20

Wils, Lanius, 9. - 290

Linn. Mimus, 15. 221; App. 10

Lath. Mniotilta, 3. - - 196

Gmel. Pandion, 1. - =) 1

Audub. Parus, 35. - 192

Gmel. Pelicanus, 8. - - 668

Gmel. Ploceus Suppl. App. 30, b.
Lath, Podilymbus, 1. - - 633
Gmel. Querquedula, 2. 616; App.28

Lath. Sitta, 4. - - 147
minor Briss, Sitta, 6. - - 147
caroliniana Wils. Troglodytes, 24. - - 158
earolinus Linn. Centurus, 1. - - 442
carua Vieill. Aramus - - App. 27

carunculata Lath. Anthochera, 3. 122; App. 6

Vig. & Horsf. Anthochera, 4. - 122
Less. Astrapia, 2 326; App. 15
Vieill. Biziura, 1. - 627
Temm. Crax, 4. - - 486
Gmel. Grus, 5. . - 552
Gmel. Meliphaga, 29. 122; wis 6
Gmel. Proenias, 3, - 280
Ill. Sarkidiornis - Nip: 27
Temm. Verrulia, 1. - - 478
earunculatus Wag/. Bucorvus, 1. - - 400
Steph. Colius, 4. - - 393
Forst. Creadion, 1. - - 338
Gmel. Dilophus, 1. - - 336
Rupp. Geronticus, 11. - 566
Gmel. Graculus, 19. - - 667

A. Smith, Neophron, 2. - 5
caryocatactes Linn. Nucifraga, 1. 313; App. 15
caryophyllacea Lath. Anas, 10. 616; App. 28
casamanse Less. Tchitrea, 4. - - 259
casarca S. G. Gmel. Anser, 3. - - 607

Linn. Casarka, 1. - - 613

easia Hodgs. Chibia, 1. = : - 287
casmarhynchus Tick. Phyllornis, 5. - 124
caspia Menetr. Emberiza, 22. . - 377
var. Lath. Sterna, 2. - 658

Pall. Sterna, 1. - 658; Ane 29
caspica Gmel. Ardea, 3. - - 555
caspicus S. G. Gmel. Podiceps, 5. - - 633
easpius Pall. Charadrius, 8, - - 544
Menetr. Pterocles, 1 - a 518

Casasi Less, Crotophaga, 5. - - 458
cassicus Shaw, Cacicus, 12. - - 342
Bodd. Cracticus, 1. - - 300

cassidix. Temm. Buceros, 22. - - 399
Cassinii Gamb. Arctica, 3. - - 645
eastanea Lepech. Ardea, 37. - - 556
Eyton, Casarka, 3. - - 613

Less. Hirundo - - Ane 4

Eyton, Mareca, 4. 614; ADD - 27

Wils. Mniotilta, 12. 196

Wagl. Peristera, 16 - - 476

Fras. Platysteira, 6. - - 257

Less. Setophaga, 4. - ~ 265

Less. Sitta, 8. - - - 148

Temm. ''chitrea, 1. - - 259

Jard. & Selby, Tityra, 20. - 254
eastaneiceps Hodgs. Leiothrix, 8. - - 269
castaneifrons Lafr. Ara. - - App. 19
eastaneoceps Hodgs. Regulus, 12. - = 175
castaneocollis Less. Turdus, 106. - - 220
castaneocoronata Burt. Tesia, 3. 156; App. 7
castaneofusca Lafr. Hyphantornis, 26. - 351
castaneoptera Horsf. Athene, 6. 35; App. 3
castaneothorax, Gould, Amadina, 48. - 370
Gould, Cinclosoma Suppl. App.

30 b

castancoventris Gould, Eulabeornis, 1. - 595

Frankl. Suze 148; App. 7

|

castaneoventris Hodgs. Sitta, 9.
castaneum Eyton, Tchitrea, 15.
castaneus Wagl. Celeus -
Gray, Ceriornis, 2.
Cuv. Corethrura, 15.
Lath, Merops, 14.
Daud. Milvus, 1
Gould, Ortyx. 4.
Spix, Trogon. 22,
Gould, Turdus, 23.
Lath. Xanthornus, 7.
eastanops Gould, Strix, 8.
eastanopterus Bl. Oriolus, 15.
eastanotis Gould, Amadina, 23.
Gould, Pteroglossus, 2.
castanotum Gould, Cinclosoma, 2.
castanotus Gould, Turnix, 20.

Castelnauii Bourc. § Muls. Trochilus

castor Linn. Mergus, 1. -
casuarius Linn. Casuarius, 1.
cata Vieill, Pterocles, 1. ~

eataractes Quoy § Gaim. Stercorarius, 5.

catarractes Forst. Eudyptes, 1
catarrhactes Linn. Stercorarius, 4.
Catesbyi Brandt, Phaéton, 1.
cathartoides Less. Morphnus, 2.
eathpharius Hodgs. Picus, 6
eaucasica Pall, Strobilophaga, 2,
caucasicus Pall. Euspiza, 1

Pall, Tetraogallus
caudacuta Lath. Acanthylis, 3

Lath. Ammodromus, 8.

Swains. Calyptomena, 1.

Ray, Dafila, 1. -
caudacutus Gmel.Ammodromus, 1,
Vieill. Irrisor. 3.
Vieill, Polytmus, 63,
Gmel. Pterocles, 1.
Vieill. Sclerurus, 1.

Pr. Max. Synallaxis, 9.
- 62; App. 4.

caudata Linn. Coracias, 2.

Page

- - 148
- - 260
- App. 21
- - 499
595
86
- oat
514
70
219
- - 344
1; App. 3
232; App. 11
- - 370
- - 403
- - 224
- - Sil
Suppl.
App. 30 a

629; App. 28

« 528
518
- 653
= - 641
653; App. 29

- 663

SPREE App. 30a

Ray, Pica, 1. -
Shaw, Pipra, 1. -
Cuv. Timalia, 10.
Pall, Uragus, 1. -
caudatus Shaw, Crypsirina, 1.
Bodd. Geronticus, 14.
Vieill. Nectarinia, 26.
Linn, Parus, 48. ~
Dum, Timalia -
caudifasciatus D’ Orb, Tyrannus, 6.
caumatonota Gould, Mellisuga
causacicus Pall. Euspiza, 1
eauta Gould, Diomedea, 4.
cautus, Gould, Calamanthus, 4.
eavatus Shaw, Buceros, 3.
cayearius, Hodgs. Bubo 10
cayana Linn. Cereba, 1. -
Linn. Calliste, 7. -
Less. Conurus -
Linn, Cotinga, 7. -
Linn, Euphonia—-
Linn. Piaya, 1. -
Swains. Rupicola, 1
Lath. Saltator, 15.
Lath, Sterna, 7. =
Audub, Sterna
Steph. Tersa, 1. -
Linn. Tityra, 1. >
eayanensis Gmel. Aramides, 1
Gmel, Athene, 21.
Gmel. Capito, 1
Gmel. Caprimulgus, 26.
Gmel. Ceryle, 15.
Gmel. Chrysoptilus, 1
Bonn. Columba, 16.
Swains. Conurus, 31.
Gmel. Conurus
Gmel. Corethrura, 15,
Gmel, Cotinga, 13.
Gmel, Cymindis, 1
Gmel. Cypselus, 14.
Linn. Dendrocolaptes,

Le, LAO;

- 314

274; App. 13
228; App. 10
- - 387
- - 311
- 566
98
- - 192
- App. 10
247; App. 11

- App. 5
- - 376
650; App. 29
- - 164

- - 101
366; App. 17
- App. 19
- - 279
- App. 17
457 ; App. 22
- - 275
a - 363
- - 658

Suppl. App. 30 ¢

- 278

- ~ 253
- - 594
35; App. 3

- - 430
48; App. 3
82
- 440

- - 470

App. 6

70

cayanensis Gmel. Euphonia, 6.
Bodd Yormicarius, 1.
Gmel, Gallinago, 19.
Gmel, Geronticus, 8.
Steph. Gymnuocephalus,
Geoffr. Gymnoderus, 1.
Linn, Myiobius, 25.
Gmel. Nycticorax, 11.
Gmel, Pandion, 1.
Swains. Piaya, 1.
minor Briss. Pieumnus,
Lafr. Picumnus, 1.
Gmel Podiceps, 15.
Briss. Progne, 4.
Gmel. Saltator, 15.
Gmel. Sterna, 7.
Swains. Tityra, ib
Gmel, Turdus,
Gmel, Vanellus, 2.
Linn. Xanthornus, 4.
eayanus Lath. Caprimulgus
Linn. Cyanocorax, 7.
Linn. Daenis, 1. -
Lath. Hoplopterus, 5.
var. B Lath. Piaya, 2.
var. y Lath. Piaya, 3.
Lath, Podiceps, 15.
Less. Porphyrio, 10.
Bodd. Saltator, 15.
Cecilie Less. Oreotrochilus, 1.
cedrorum Vieill, Ampelis, 3.
celata Say, Mniotilta, 49. -

INDEX OF

Page
367; App. 17
211
583
= - 566
Ls - 318

- 318
249
558
- - 17
457
432
432
633
= - 69
363; App. 16
658; App. 29

- 253

Suppl. App. 30 b

541; App. 25
844; App. 15

celebensis Quoy et Gaim. Centropus, 19. = 455

(uoy et Gaim. EKulabeornis, 2. -

Forsten, Pitta, 21.
celebicum Mill. Diczeum, 2.
cenchris Vieill. Ictinia, 1. -

Naum. Tionunculus, 7.

cenchroides Viy. & Horsf. Tinnunculus, 8. 21;

cephalatra Less. Trochilus, 1.
cephaloptera Vieill, Cephalopterus,
cephalus Boure. & Mauls. Trochilus

cephus Briinn. Stercorarius, 2.

cerorhyncha Pr, Bonap. Cerorhina, 1.

certhia Bodd. Dendrocolaptes

certhioides D’ Orb. & Lafr. Anabates, 18.

certhiola Pall. Calamodyta, 3.

cervicalis Lath. Eos, 7. -
Licht. Falco -

cervina Gould, Dacelo, 2. -

cerviniceps Gould, Eurostopodus, 7.

eervinus Pall. Anthus, 4. -

Cetti Marm. Calamodyta, 16.

ceycoides Such, Galbula, 8.

ceylonensis Steph. Dicrurus, 10.
Bodd. Eclectus, 2.
Gmel. Ketupa, 1.
Swains. Rhipidura, 38.

- App. 3
- - 307
- - 102
542; App. 25
- - 457
- - 457
- - 633
- - 598
- ~ 363
- - 104
- - 278
- - 196
595

- - 213
- - 100
s - 26
- ee
App. 2

- - 109
l. - 319
Suppl. App.
30a

- - 653
- 639

- App. 6
- 138

- - 172
- - 417
- App. 2
= - 78
- 50

- - 206
= - 172
- - 83
- - 287
- - 418

- 38; App. 3
259; App. 12

Gmel. Spizaétus, 13. - - 14

ceylonica Gmel. Tora, 2. - - - 199
ceylonus Jorst, Brachypternus - App. 22
chacura Vieill. Bucco, 11. - - - 74
chalcites Temm. Cuculus, 18. - - 463
chalcocephala Temm. Campephaga, 48. - 283
chalconotus G. R. Gray, Graculus - App. 30
chaleopeplus Vigors, Cuculus, 27. - - 463
chalcoptera Kittl. Anas. 3. - = 615
Vieill. Geronticus, 10, ~ 566

Lath. Phaps, 1. - - 477
chalcopterus Temm. Cursorius, 7. - - 537
Temm. Ibis, 5. - - 565

Fras. Psittacus, 13. - - 421

chaleospilos Wagl. Peristera, 9. = - 476
Wagl. Peristera, 10, 476; App. 24

chaleura Erman, Juida, 23. = - 327
chaleurum Temm. Polyplectron, 5. - 495
chalybeus Horsf. Calornis, 1. - = 327
chalybea Steph. Ardea, 29. - - 556
Vieill, Ardea, 55. - - - 556

Mikan, Euphonia - App. 17

Riipp. Juida, 19. - - - 327

Vieill. Mellisuga, 90, - - 113

Linn. Nectarinia, 2. - - 97

Page

chalybea Scop. Nectarinia, 48. - - 98

Bodd. Phonygama - App. 14

Gmel, Progne, 4. - - - 59
chalybeocephala Garn. § Less. Muscicapa,

30. - - - - - 263

chalybeus Horsf: Calornis, 1. - - 327

Vieill, Phonygama, 1. - - 303

charadrioides Swains. Pluvianus, 1. - 536

Wagl. Pluvianus, 1. - 536

Charltonii Eyton, Francolinus, 7. 505; App. 24

chata Pall. Pterocles, 1. - - - 518

chatarewa Frankl. Timalia, 10. - - 228

Chaugoun Daud. Gyps, 2. - =

chavaria Linn. Chauna, 1. 591; App. 26

cheela Gmel. Circaetus - - App. 1

Lath, Milvus, 3. - 24; App. 2

cheeta Sykes, Amadina, 42. - - 370

chelicuti Stand. Halcyon, 6. - - 79

chendoola Frankl. Alauda, 8. - - 380

cheneros Forst. Casarka, 3. - - 613

cheniana A. Smith, Drymoiea, 25. - - 163

A, Smith, Megalophonus, 9. = 382

cherina, 4. Smith, Drymoica. 23. - - 163

chermesina G. R. Gray, Myzomela, 10. = 118

cheroyeus Molin. Enicognathus, 1. - 414

cherrug Gray, Faleo, 3. - - 19; App. 2

cheriway Jacq. Polyborus, 1. - - 10

chici Vieill. Ibis, 5. - - - 565

chicquera Shaw, Hypotriorchis, 9. - 20: App. 2

chiequeroides A. Smith, Falco, 10. - - 19

chiquanco D’ Orb. & Lafr. Turdus, 62. - 219

chii, Vieill, Anthus, 11. - - 206; App. 9

Childreni Audub. Mniotilta, 2. - - 196

chilensis Vigors, Calliste, 14. - - 366

Less. Cinclodes, 1. - - 132

Less, Colaptes, 4. - - - 446

Less. Dasycephala, 5. - - 208

O. Des Murs, Merganetta - App. 28

Molin. Parra, 6. - - - 589

Molin. Phenicopterus, 3. - - 603

Peppig, Phznicopterus, 4. - 603

Garn. Podiceps, 19. - - 633

Kittl. Pteroptochos, 10. - 155; App. 7

Less. Troglodytes, 12. = - 158

chiloensis King, Mareca, 3. 614; App. 27

Molin. Spheniseus, 4. - - 640
chimachima Vieil/. Milvago, 1. - 10; App. 1
chimango Vieill. Milvago, 2. - 10; App. 1
chimborazo Boure. Oreotrochilus, 3. - 104
chinensis Linn. Coturnix, 14. 507; App. 24

Temm. Diomedea, 8. - - 650

Bodd. Gallinula, 5. - - 599

Gray, Lanius, 12. - - 290

Linn. Oriolus, 4. 232; App. 11

Osb. Pyenonotus, 33. - =) Bef

Bodd. Rhyncheea, 1. 585; App. 26

Gmel, Sterna, 33. - - 659

Gray, Tringa, 16, - - 580

Scop. Turtur, 9. - - - 472
chinquis Zemm. Polyplectron, 2, = - 495
chionis Jilig. Bernicla, 4. - - - 607

Illig. Cygnus, 8. - - - 610
chionogaster Tschudi, Polytmus, 49. - 108
ehiriri Vieill. Conurus, 28. =. - 414

Vieill. Piaya,10 - 457; App. 22
chiricote Vieill. Aramides, 4. - - 594
chiripepe Vieil/. Conurus, 20. - - 413
chiwi Vieill. Vireo, 11. - - - 268
chloricterus Vieill. Tachyphonus, 8. - 365
chlorigaster Jerd. Gecinus - - App. 21
chlorion Cab. Pipra - - App. 13
chloripoda Vieill, Sterna, 47. 659; App. 29, 30
chloris Sparr. Acanthisitta, 2. - - 149

Licht. Anthus - - App. 9

Boie, Drymoica - Suppl. App. 30a

Linn. Fringilla, 40. - - 371

Pall. Gecinus, 3. - - - 438

Bodd. Haleyon, 39. - - 79

Cuv. Oriolus, 12. - - - 232

Forst. Orthonyx, 2. - - 151

Natt. Pipra, 26. - 274; App. 13
chlorocephala Gmel. Emberiza, 3. - = ST

Gmel. Haleyon, 39. - - 79
Vieill, Pyranga, 14. - - 364
chlorocephalus Gmel. Chloronerpes, 4. - 443

SPECIFIC NAMES.

Page

chlorocephalus Vieill, Pluvianus, 1. - 536
chlorocyanea Vieill. Euphonia, 11. - - 367
chlorogaster Blyth, Treron, 5. 467; App. 23
chlorogenys Wagl. Conurus, 21. - - 413
chlorolepidota Swains, Euphonia ~ App. 17
chlorolepidotus Kuhl. Trichoglossus, 5. - 411
chloroleucurus Saucerr, Polytmus, 52. - 108
chlorolophos Vieil/. Centurus, 12, 442; App. 22
chlorolophus Vieil/. Geeinus, 8. = - 438
chloromeros Tschudi, Pipra, 19. = - 274
chloronota Less. Elania, 7. - - 250
chloronotus Gould, Acanthiza, 21. - - 189
Wagl. Cyanocorax, 9. ~ - 307

Swains. Nectarinia, 15. - 97

Hodgs. Regulus, 13. = - 175

Gould, Zosterops, 7. = - 198

Vieill, Zosterops, 11, = - 198

chlorophea Raff, Rhinortha, 1. = - 460
chlorophexus Veil. Geeinus - App. 21
chloropoides King, Fulica, 3. - - 600
chloropsis Gould, Melithreptus - App. 6
chloroptera Bodd, Ardea, 48. - - 556
Vieill. Calliste, 15. . - 366

Swains. Juida, 7. - - 327

Biyth, Treron - App. 23
chloropterus Vieil/. Conurus, 7. - - 413

Vieill. Thamnophilus, 44. - 298

chloropus var. indicus Blyth, Gallinula, 1. 599
Linn, Gallinula, 1. - - 599
Pr. Bonap. Gallinula, 8. - 599
Nils. Totanus, 20. - Seis)
chloropygia Jard. Nectarinia, 3. - - 97

ehloropygius Vieill. Totanus, 7. 573; App. 26
chlororhyncha Gmel. Diomedea, 5. 650; App. 29

chlororhynchos Temm. Ramphastos, 11. - 403
ehlororhynchus Blyth, Centropus - App. 22
Drap. Platalea, 2. - - 559

Less Puffinus, 8.

647; App. 29
chlorotica Linn. Euphonia, 5.

367; App. 17

chlorotis G. R. Gray, Anas - App 28
chlorozostus Wagl. Chryscptilus — - App. 22
chlorura Audub. Zonotrichia, 12. - - 373
chlorynotus Vieil/. Porphyrio, 4. - - 598

choci Vieill. Diplopterus, 4. 456; App. 22
Vieill. Turdus, 53. 219; App. 10
chocolatina Riipp. Muscicapa, 12. 263; App. 12

Riipp. Sylvia, 28. - - 174

Choka Smith. Aquila, 6. - - = Pls
choliba Vieill. Ephialtes, 10. - 38; App.3
Chopi Vieill. Agelaius, 6. - - - 347
choucou Lath. Surnia, 2. - - = ‘33
chrysea Hodgs. Nemura, 2. - - 181
Hodgs. Timalia_- - App. 10
chrysaétos Leisl. Aquila, 2. - - 18
Linn. Aquila, 1. 13\; App: 1
chrysauchenia Reichenb. Peristera ~ App. 24
ehrysobronchos Shaw, Polytmus, 52. - 108
chrysocarpus Vigors, Xanthornus, 5. - 344
chrysocephala Jumeis. Leiothrix, 4. - 269
Gmel. Mniotilta, 33. - 196

Lewin, Sericulus, 1. - - 233

Vieill. Spermophila, 17. 386;

App. 18

chrysocephalus Spix, Conurus, 10. - 413

Gmel. Merops, 1. - = 86
Tschudi, Scaphorhynehus, 4. 246

Linn. Xanthornus, 3. - 344

chrysoceps Spix, Myiobius, 22. - - 249
chrysochlora Wagl. Chaleophaps, 2. 477; App.
24

Blyth, Diexum, 20, - - 100
chrysochloris Pr. Max. Myiobius, 66. - 249
chrysochloros Vieill. Chloronerpes, 1. - 443
chrysocome Forst. Eudyptes,1. 641; App. 29
chrysocona Temm. Megalaima, 29. - 430
chrysogaster Lath. Euphema, 1. - - 411
Cuv. Euphonia - App. 17

Boure. Hylocharis, 43. - 115

Gmel. Juida, 16. - - 327

Gmel, Laniarius, 9. - - 299

Swains:; Laniarius, 5. - - 298

M‘Clell. Phyllornis, 8. - 124

Cuv. Piaya, 4. - ~ 457

Less. Pitylus, 17. 362; App. 16

Tschudi, Setophaga, 16. - 265

INDEX OF

SPECIFIC NAMES.

Page

chrysogaster Cuv. Tanagra, 12. = - 364
Swains. Trogon,12. - - 69

Temm. Zanclcstomus, 1. - 460
chrysogastra Vigors, Hyphantornis, 23, - 351
Bechst. Motacilla, 13. - - 203
chrysogenys Temm. Arachnothera, 3, = &&
Vigors, Centurus - App. 22
chrysolaéma Wagl. Otocoris, 1. © - 382

chrysolaimus Jard. & Selby, Merops,16. - 86
chrysolaus Temm. Turdus, 32. 219; App. 10;

Suppl. App. 30 b
chrysolopha Less. Mellisuga,67. —- - 113

chrysolophus Less. Cacatua, 6. = - 425
Ill. Dendrocolaptes, 13. - 140

Brandt, Eudyptes, 2 - 641

chrysolotus Temm. Turdus, 32. 219; App. 10
chrysomela Garn. & Less. Monarcha, 8 - 260
chrysomus Swains. Sycobius, 7. - - 352
chrysonota Swains. Vidua, 8. - = S55
chrysonotus Less. Brachypternus - App. 22
D Orb. & Lafr. Cacicus, 11. - 342
chrysopelargus Licht. Ciconia, 2. - - 561
chrysopeplus Vigors, Pitylus, 16. 362; App. 16
chrysophrys Swains. Conurus, 37. - - 414
Pall, Emberiza, 10. - - 377

Blyth, Muscicapa - App. 12
chrysophthalma Steph, Clangula, 1. - 622
chrysopogon Temm. Megalaima, 2. - 429
Wagl. Phibalura, 1. - aera

Less. Psittacus, 21. - ~ 421

chrysops Vieill. Cyanocorax, 6. - - 307
Pall. Emberiza, 20. - - 377

Lath. Meliphaga, 5. - - 122
chrysoptera Vieill. Anthochera, 1. - - 122
Swains. Calliste, 5. - - 366

Nordm. Carpornis, 5. - - 279

Lath. Emberiza, 30. - = Sah

Linn, Mniotilta, 43. - - 196

Lath. Nectarinia, 78. - - 98

Quoy & Gaim. Petroica App. 8

Lafr. Pipra, 25. - - 274

Lath. Sittella, 1. 148; App. 7

Vieill, Vidua, 8. = - 355

Merr. Xanthornus, 3. - - 344
chrysopterus Lath. Anthochezra- = - App. 6
Vigors, Cacicus, 13. - = 342

Linn. Conurus, 31. - - 414

Cuv. Dendrobates, 1. - 437

Riipp. Megalaima, 27. - 430

Gould, Pterocyclus, 2. - 296

Vieill. Xanthornus, 4, 344; App. 15

chrysopus Viezl/. Mniotilta, 98. - - 197
chrysopyga Swains, Crithagra, 11, - 385
chrysorrhza Licht, Ptilogonys, 1. - - 280
chrysorrheum Temm. Diceum, 12. - 100
chrysorrheus Temm. Pyenonotus, 25. = 2397
chrysorrhoa Quoy §& Gaim. Acanthiza, 1. - 189
chrysorrhoides Lafr. Pyenonotus, 32. = 237
chrysoschistos Hodgs. Rhipidura, 37. < 259
chrysosternus Swains. Chrysoptilus App. 21

chrysostoma Forst. Diomedea, 5. 650; App. 29

Kuhl, Euphema, 2. 411; App. 19

chrysotis Dubus, Calliste - = App. 17
Hodgs. Leiothrix 2 App. 12

Swains. Juida, 11. = - 327

Don. Meliphaga - - App. 6

Lath. Meliphaga, 3. - 121

Lewin, Meliphaga, 4. - - 122

Less. Tropidorhynchus, 10, - 125
chrysozonicus Riipp. Megalaima, 27. - 430
chrysura Less. Polytmus, 81. - - 109
ebrysurus Swains, Campethera, 5. - - 439
Cuv. Mellisuga, 46. - - 113

Shaw, Polytmus, 36. - - 108

Swains. Psittacula, 7. - - 423

chukar Gray, Caccabis, 3. - - - 508
echunchotambo Tschudi, Dendrocolaptes, 11. 140
cia Jerd. Emberiza, 7. = - 377
Linn. Emberiza, 4. — - 377; Ree 17
eiconia Linn. Ciconia, 1. - - - 561
ciliaris Hodgs. Muscicapa - - App. 12
eiliatus Luth. Phetornis, 21. - - 104

cinchoneti Tschudi, Tyrannus, 12. 247; App. 11
cincinnata Lath. Prosthemadera, 1 - 123
cincinnatus Brandt, Graculus, 31. - - 668

Page

cinclorhynehus Vigors, Turdus, 105. - 220
einclus Pall. Cinclus,1. = = - 549
Linn. Hydrobata, 1. - - 215

Linn. Tringa, 7. - = - 579

Pall. Tringa, 11. - - - 579

var. Say. Tringa, 8 - - 579

eincta Gould, Amadina, 28. - - 370
Bodd. Cotinga,2. - - - 279
Tschudi, Cotinga, 11. - -~ 279

Bodd. Cotyle, 5. - - - 60

Gmel. Mniotilta, 20. - - 196
Dutus, Pogonornis, 1. - - 123
cinctura Gould, Melanocorypha, 7 - 381
cinetus Temm. Capito, 8. - 430; hae. 21
Gould, Erythrogonys, 1. 542; App: 25

Bodd. Parus, 28. - 192

Temm. Ptilonopus, 18. - - 467

Less. Squatarola, 2 - - 543
cineracea Temm. Carpophaga, 18. - - 469
Vieill. Lipangus, 1. - - 240
cineraceus Temm. Buceros, 31. - - 400
Lafr. Myiobius - App. 11

einerarius Gmel. Larus, 19. - - 654
Pail. Larus, 26. - - - 654
cinerascens Brehm, Anser, 5. - - 607
Guer. Bubo, 6. - 87; App.3

Vieill. Caprimulgus, 14. - 48

Mont. Circus, 4. - 32

Vig. Sap Cueulus 216 463; App.23

Horsf. Dicrurus, 11. - - 287

Spix, Harpagus, 1. - 22; App.2

Pr. Max. Hylophilus, 10. - 200

Temm. Monarcha, 3 - - 260

Bechst. Oidemia, 1. - - 625

Vieill. Parus, 17. = = 199

Pall. Phalaropus, 2 - - 586

Spix, Rhynchops - - 656

Temm. Sturnus, 4. - - 337

Temm. Synallaxis, 16. 136; App.6

Spix, Tityra, 11. - - 253

Spix, Tyrannus, 10. - = 247

cinerea Linn. Ardea, }. - - - 555
Vieill. Astur, 8. - - a By

Gmel. jun. Branta, 1. - - 620

Forst. Calleas, 1. - - - 809

Gmel. Calleas, 1. - - - 309

Lafr. Camarhynchus, 3 - - 359

Less. Campephaga, 34. = - 283

Bonn. Ceryle, 5. - - - 82

Vig. & Horsf. Colluriocinela, 1. - 295

Lath. Cotinga, 4 - - - 279
Swains. Crithagra, 2. - - 385

var. B Lath. Cypselus, 17. - - 54

Gmel. Dasycephala, 1 - - 208
Tschudi, Elania, 14. - - 250
Strickl. Emberiza, 12 - - 377

Vieill. Estrelda, 21. - - - 569

Lafr. Euphonia = = App. 17

Pr. Max. Formicarius, 9. - - 211
Swains. Fringilla, 81. - - 372

Gmel. Gallinula, 6. - - - 599

Fras. Glareola, 7. - - - 538
Bechst. Grus, 1. - - - 552

Less. Hetzrornis, 2. - - 335

Gmel. Hirundo, 33. - - 58

Blyth, Leiothrix = = App. 12
Gould, Limosa, 8. - 570; App. 26
Swains. Lipangus, 1. - - 240

Bodd. Motacilla, 1. - - - 203
Blyth, Muscicapa- - App. 12

S. G. Gmel. Oidemia, 1 - = 625

Vieill. Ortygometra, 12. - - 593

Linn. Perdix, 1. - 506; App. 24

Temm. Peristera, 1. - - 476

Vieill. Piaya,12. = 457; App. 22

Bodd. Pipra, 8. - 274; App. 13

Gmel. Pipra, 34. - . = 274

Vieill. Pyranga, 11. - - - 364

Vieill. Saxicola, 1. - ~ - 178

Vieill. Saxicola, 26. - - 179

D Orb. & Lafr. Spemmop uaa 5 - 386

Gmel. Sterna, 52. - - 659

Gould, Strepera, 3 - - 302

Briss, Sylvia, 9. - - ~ 174

Gould, Struthidea, 1 - - 310

cinerea Gould, Thalassidroma, 4. -
Vieill. Tityra, 1. - -
Briin, Tringa, 6. = -
Scop, Turtur - -
Gmel. Zonotrichia, 9. -
Audub. Zonotrichia, 10. +
cinereicollis Vieill. Conurus, 25. -
Vieill. Nectarinia, 92. ~
Vieill. Polytmus, 53. -

Pr. Max. Todirostrum, 8.

cinereifrons Vieill. Halcyon. 2. 79;
cinereo-alba Temm, & Schl. Muscicapa, 7.

cinereocapilla Savi, Motacilla, 14. -
cinereocephala Vieill. Rhipidura
cinereoferrugineus Fors.. Milvus, 2.
cinereola Temm. Spermophila, 2. ~

App. 4
- 263
= 203

App. 12

cinereum D’ Orb. & Lafr. Conirostrum, 1. - 102

Kittl. Diczeum, 17. - - 100

Eyton, Malacopteron, 3. - - 209

Gmel. Syrnium, 2. - - 39

Linn. Todirostrum, 1. 257; App. 12

cinereus Vieill. Anastomus, 1. - - 562

Gould, Anolis, 7. - - 661

Meyer, Anser, 1. - 2 - 607

Vieill. Artamus, 4, - - - 285

Gmel. Buteo, 1. - = =) iy!

Lafr. Camarhynchus - App. 16

Cuv. Cereopsis, . - ~ 606

Blyth, Chettusia, 1. = - 541

Vieill, Cireaétus, 4. - 16; App. 1

Il, Poseg. Circus, 1. - - 32

Vieill. Circus, 5, - - 32; App. 2

Gould, Cracticus, 5. - - 300

Vieill. Cuculus, 43. - - 463

Strickl. Euscarthmus, 9. = - 251

Lath. Megalophonus, 11. - - 382

Gmel. Micropterus, 1. 623; App. 28

Gmel. Monasa, 1. = = = 74

Vieill. Parus, 16. = - - 192

Lafr. Pericrocotus - App. 13

Briss. Phalaropus, 2. - - 586

Forst. Pica, 6. - - ~ 314

Cuv. Podargus. 1. - - = 45

Gmel. Polytmus, 1. - - 107

Vieill, Porphyrio, 11. - - 598

Swains. Ptilogonys, 1. 281 ; App. 13

A, Smith, Puffinus, 1. - - 647

Gmel. Puffinus, 12. = - 647

Pr. Mar. Synallaxis. 1. - - 185

Vieill, Tznioptera, 1. - - 241

Raff. Tantalus, 4. - - 564

Vieill. Thamnophilus, 6. - - 297

Gmel. Tinamus, 6. - - 524

Vieill. Tropidorhynechus’— - App. 6

Gmel, Turdus, 80. - - 219

Vieill, Turdus, 87. = - 219

Vigors, Tyrannus, 5. - - 247

Swains. Zosterops, 2. - - 198

Gmel. Vultur, 1. - - - 3

cingalensis Lath. Nectarinia, 96. = - 99

cingulatus Scop. Psittacula, 5. - - 423

cinnamomea Gmel. Ardea, 44. - - 556

Riipp. Calamodyta, 8 - 172

Miill. & Schl. Camp CElees, 40. 283

Swains. Chamepelia, 2. - 475

Gmel. Formicivora, 14, 212

Less, Limnornis - App. 6

Gerv. Mellisuga, 95. - - 113

Linn. Muscieapa, 53. - - 263

D’ Orb. & Lafr. Myiobius, 21. 249

Linn. Pericrocotus, 7. - 282

Less. Polytmus, 84. - - 109

Lafr. Spermophila, 23. - 386

Gmel, Synallaxis, 28. - - 136

Lafr. Synallaxis, 35. - - 136

Temm. Treron, 2. - HA
cinnamomeiventris Lafr. Piaya = - apie

Lafr. Setophaga App. E

Lafr. Thamnobia, 6. - 185

cinnameoventris Blyth, Sitta, 9. = - 148

cinnamomeum Gould, Cinclosoma, 3. - 224

cinnamomeus Riipp. Anthus, 29. - - 206

Less. Campylorhynchus, 9. - 159

Gmel, Celeus, 2. - - 440

Less. Corethrura, 28, - 595

72

INDEX OF SPECIFIC NAMES.

Page

cinnamomeus Temm. Harpactes, 5. oe 7}
Vieill. Myiobius, 42. - 249

Gould, Passer, 6. - - 3738

Lafr. Picumnus, 8, 452; App: Q1

Gmel. Pyrocephalus, 6. - 250

Swains. Thamnophilus, 4. - 297

Less, 'Tinamus - App. 25

cinnamomina Swains, Halcyon, 33. - 79

cinnamominus Swains, Tinnunculus, 4. - 21

cioides Temm. § Schl. Emberiza Suppl. App.
30 ¢

Brandt, Emberiza_ - - App. 17
cireaetus Jemm, Circaetus - - App. 1
circia Linn. Pterocyanea, 1. 617; App. 28

cireumcinetus Swains, Pyrocephalus, 8, ~ 250
cireus Pall, Cireus, 13. = - = 82
ciris Pall. Acanthylis, 13. - - - 55
Linn, Spiza, 2. - - $75
cirlus Linn, Emberiza, 2. - ae App. 17
cirratus Temm. Picumnus, 1. - 482
cirrhata Gmel. Fratercula, 4, - - 637
Lath, Nectarinia, 79. - - 98

Lath, Paradisea, 4. - - 323
cirrhatus Gmel. Formicarius, 10. - - 211
Gmel. Graculus, 19. - - 667

var. Lath. Hypotriorchus, 9. - 20

Gmel. Spizetus - - App. 1
cirrhipedesmus Wagl. Charadrius, 9. - 544
cirrhomelas Vietll. Tachyphonus, 5. - 365
cirriger King, Graculus, 17. - - 667
eirris Pall, Picus, 4. - - - 435
cirrocephalus Vieill. Accipiter, 11. - - 29
Vigors, Arctica, 2. - - 645

Vieill. Larus, 28, - - 654

cirrochloris Vieill. Polytmus, 4, —- - 107
cisalpina Temm. Passer, 2. - - - 372
cissa Pall. Picus, 1. - - - 435
eissoides Licht. Lanius, 26. - - 291
Vieill. Lanius, 25. - - 291

cisticola Temm. Drymoica, 48. ~ - 164
eitrea Bodd. Mniotilta, 41. - 196
citreogularis Gould, Sericornis, 3. 188; App. 8

Gould, Tropidorhynechus, 4. 125;

App. 6

citreola Gould, Manorhina, 6. - - 127
Pail. Motacilla, 11. - - 203
citreolemus Gould, Ramphastos, 15. - 403
citreolus Gould, Trogon, 12. - - 69
citreopygus Gould, Ramphastos, 13. - 403
citrina Gmel. Acanthisitta, 2. - - 149
Pr. Max. Tityra, 41. - - 254
eitrinella Forst. Acanthisitta, 2. - - 149

Temm. Calliste,3. =
Linn. Emberiza, 1. =

366; App. 17
377; App. 17

Linn, Fringilla, 32, - - 371

Vieill, Merops, 22. - - 86

Wils. Mniotilta, 2. - - 196

Pail. Motacilla, 11. - - 203
eitrinelloides Riipp. Fringilla, 35. - - 371
citrinocristata Fras. Cacatua, 8. 425; App. 20
citrinus Bodd. Celeus, 3. - - 440
Spizr, Icterus, 2. - - - 343

G. R. Gray, Megalurus, 6. - 169

Rafing. Mniotilta, 2. - - 196

Lath. Turdus, 108. 220; App. 10
clamans Rupp. Drymoica, 29. - - 163
clamator Vieill, Caprimulgus ~ App. 3
Vieill, Otus, 10. - - - 40

elamosa Gould, Atrichia, 1. - - 166
Steph. Megalophonus, 1. - - 382
clamosus Steph. Andropadus, 1. - - 236
Lath, Cuculus, 31. - - 463

elanga Pall. Aquila, 4. ~ - - 13
clangula Wils. Clangula, 2. - - 622
Linn. Clangula, 1. - - 622
Clappertoni Riipp. Francolinus, 12. - 505
Childr. Francolinus, 11. - 505

Clarissew Longuem, Mellisuga, 17. 112; App. 5
elarus Lath. Astur, 6. - - =) 27
Clemenciz Less. Anas, 1. - - 286
Less. Mellisuga, 16. - - 112

elericus Sparrm. Corvus, 1. - - 315
climacocereus Tschudi, Caprimulgus, 19. - 48
elimacterus Vieill, Scortornis, 1. - 51; App.4
climacurus Vieill. Scortornis - App. 4

climazura Vieill. Fluvicola, 1.
clypeata Linn. Spatula, 1. =
cobaltina Bourj. St. Hil. Ara
cochinsinensis Lath. Eos, 4.
Lath. Muscicapa, 42.
Gmel. Phyllornis, 1.
Jerd. Phyllornis,

Page
- - 242
618; App. 28
- App. 19
- - 417
- 263

124; App. 6

V0- App. 6

cochlearia Linn. Cancroma, 1. - - 559
coccinea Linn, Cereba, 6. - - - 101
Gmel. Drepanis, 2. - 96; App. 5

Gmel. Fringilla, 13. - - 371

Gmel. Pheenicercus - App. 13

Eyton, Pitta, 6. - - - 213

Bodd. Pyranga, 3 - - 364

Sander. Pyrrhula, 1 - - 387
coccineum Scop. Diczeum, 9. - - 100
coccineus Shaw, Coriphilus, 4. - - 417
Lath. Kos, 1. - - - 417

Gmel. Pericrocotus, 7. = - 282

Cass. Pyrenestes Suppl. App. 80 b

Vieill. Ramphopis, 2. - - 363
coccinigaster Lath, Nectarinia, 77. - 98
Lath. Petroica, 9. - - 183
coccinigastra Temm. Nectarinia, 48. = 0
coccothraustes Linn. Coccothraustes, 1. - 358
coco Jacq. Ibis, 2. - - - 565
cocoi Linn. Ardea, 6. - 555; App. 25
codea A, Smith, Megalophonus, 2. - - 382
colehicus Linn. Phasianus, 1. 497; App. 24
Colesii A. Smith, Eupodotis, 7. - - 533
A, Smith, Eupodotis, 8 - - 583

colius Linn. Colius, 1. - - - 393
collaria var. Lath. Spermophila, 45. - 386
Linn. Spermophila, 44. - - 386

collaris Pr. Max. Acanthylis,6. - 55; App. 4

Scop. Accentor, 1. - - - 187
Merr. Anas - - App. 28
Pucher. Brachypteracias = App. 4
Lath. Bucco, 1. = - - 74
Vieill, Charadrius, 33. - - 544
Temm. Cinelus, 1. - - - 548
Vigors, Colaptes, 3 - - 446
Drumm. Corvus” - - App. 15
Vieill. Cursorius, 6. - - 537
Vigors, Eurystomus, 7. - - 62
Don. Fuligula, 2. - 621; App. 28
Temm. Grus - - App. 25
Forst. Haleyon, 45 - - - 79
Scop. Halcyon, 39. - - - 79
Swains, Haleyon, 32. - - 79
Fras. Hyphantornis,2. = - 351
Vieill, Hyphantornis, 4. - - 351
Linn. Lanius, 19. - - - 291
Lath Mellisuga, 60. - - 113
Vieill, Merops, 19. - - = ta)
Bechst. Muscicapa, 3 - - 262
Vieill. Nectarinia, 7. - - 97
Viet. Oxylophus, 2 - - 464
Jard. & Selby, Platysteira, |. - 256
Less. Rhipidura, 16 - - 259
Bodd, Spermophila, 45. 386; App. 18
Vigors, Spermophila, 24. = - 386
Vieill. Sturnella, 1. - - - 337
Vigors, Sturnella, 5 - - 337
Gray, Sycobius, 5. - - - 352
Swains, Telophorus, 6. . - 292
Vieill. Trogon, 8. = - - 69
Soret, Turdus, 24, - - - 219
Leach, Xema, 1. - - - 655
collarius Linn. Psittacus, 25. - - 421
Collieii Vigors, Psilorhinus 2. - 308
collurio Daud, Cissopis, } - - 362
Linn. Enneoctonus 1. - - 291
collurioceps Blyth, Chetornis, 2. - - 167
collurioides Less. Enneoctonus, 4. - - 291
collybita, Viell. Sylvia, 21. - - 174
colma Bodd. Formicarius, 1. - =i
colon Steph. Copurus - - App. 11
colonus Vieill, Copurus 1. - - - 244
eolubris Linn, Mellisuga, 82, - - 113
columba Pall. Uria, 1. - - - 645

columbarius Linn. Hypotriorchis 1

columbiana O Des Murs. Merganetta

columbianus Wils. Corvus, 20.
columbicus Boure. Polytmus, 60.

1. - 20
App. 28
315; App. 15
- - 108

Page
columbina Gmel. Calornis, 4, 327; App. 15
Schrank, Sterna, 20. — » - 659

Vebb & Berth. Thalassidroma, 10. 648
columbinus Hemp. §& Ehrenb. Charadrius, 11, 544

Spix, at jt - 422

colymbis Pall. Fuligula, 1. - - 621
columboides Vigors. Palzornis, 9. ps App. 19
comata Pall. Ardea, 37. - - 556
Licht, Fluvicola, 8. - - 242

Gmel. Muscicapa, 52. - - 263
comatus Laffl. Buceros, 16. 399; App. 19
Tilig. Dryocopus - - App. 21

Riipp. Geronticus, 13. = - 566

Temm. Macropteryx, 2. = - 54
Commersonii Less. Lichenops, 1. - - 242
communis Cuv. Accipiter, 1. - - 29
Cuv. Buteo, 1, - - - il

Bonn. Coturnix, 1. - - 507

Less. Dendrocolaptes 1. - - 140

Briss. Faleo, 4. - - 19

Less. Otus, 1. - - - 40

Cuv. Pernis, 1. - - - 23

comosus Bonn. Podiceps, 5, - - 633
coneentricus Gray, Francolinus, 21. - 505
Til. Mierastur, 4. - - 28

conecinna Gould, Myiagra - - App. 12
Steph. Polytmus, 41. - - 108
concinnus, Shaw, Trichoglossus, 8. = - 411
concolor Blyth, Ardea - - App. 25
Sykes, Cotyle - - App. 4

Cassin, Cyanocorax - App. 14

Jerd. Diceum, 13. 100; App. 5

Sykes, Hirundo, 43. - 58; App. 4.

Temm. Wypotriorchis, 6 20; App. 2

Mill. Muscicapa - - App. 12

Sykes, Nectarinia, 61. - - 98

Jerd. Passer, 8. - - = 3738

Gould, Progne, 2. - - 59

Gosse, Rallus - - App. 26

Smith, Schizorhis, 5 395; App. 18

Blyth, Tephrodornis, 5. - - 290

Hodgs. Tesia, 2. - - - 156

D’ Orb. & Lafr. Trichas, 10. - 197

Temm. Turdus; = - App. 10

Cass. Vidua, 12. ~ - - 355
concreta Temm. Halcyon, 22. - = 99

concretus Reinw. Hemicereus, 1. 437; App. 21
condougnan Temm. Oriolus, 12. - - 232
congensis Leach, Plotus, 3. - - 664
connivens Lath. Athene, 31. 35; Suppl. App.30a

Conradii Boure, Mellisuga, 14. - - 112
conspicillata Gould, Puffinus,13. - - 647

Marm. Sylvia, 3. - ~ 174

Kittl, Zosterops, 14. = - - 198
conspicillatus Temm. Pelecanus,7. 668; App. 30
cosinsinica’ Shaw, Phyllornis -- App. 6
Constantii Boiss, Tachyphonus, 18. - 365
consul Bote, Larus, 1. - - - 654
contra Linn. Sturnopastor, 1. - - 336
conurus Steph. Phztornis, 20. - - 104
Conversii Boure. & Muls. Mellisugs, 69. = 11g
convexus Temm. Buceros, 6. - 399

Cookii Temm. Calyptorhynchus, 3. 426; App. 20
G. R. Gray, Procellaria, 20. 648; AED: 29

Cooperi Pr. Bonap. Accipiter, 6. - 29

Nutt. Myiobius, 3. - - 248
coqui A. Smith, Francolinus, 19. - - 505
eoricina Kuhl, Saltator, 4. - - - 363
corallina Hodgs. Sitta, 12. - - - 148

corallirhynchus Less. Pheenicophus, 3. - 459

corallirostris Bourc. & Muls, Bolyuuids 74. 108
corax Daud. Corvus, 4. - - 315
Linn. Corvus, 1, - - - 315
Raffi. Corvus, 6. - - - 315
coraya Gmel. Troglodytes, 41. - - 158
cordatus Jerd. Hemicereus, 3. 437 ; Ape! 21

cordicilla Merr. Caprimulgus - App. 3
cordifera Less. Parra, 8. 589; Suppl. App. 30¢

corensis Gmel. Columba, 26. - 470
corientes D’ Orb. Campephila - App. 21
coriphea Vieill. Drymoica, 9. - - 163
cormeranus Mey. Graculus, 2. - - 667
corniculata Naum. Fratercula, 3, - - 637
Esch. Phaleris, 4. - - 638
corniculatus Swains. Pteroptochos, 3. - 155

INDEX OF SPECIFIC NAMES. 73

Page
corniculatus Lath. Tropidorynchus, 1. 125; App. 6

ecornix Linn. Corvus, 18. - - - 315
eornuta Esch. Cerorhina, 1. - - 639
Pr. Maz. Mellisuga, 67. - - 113
Swains. Otocoris, 1. - - 382
Linn, Palamedea, 1. 590; App. 26
Linn. Piaya, 16. - - 457
Spiz, Pipra, 18. - - - 274
Gmel. Tadorna, 1. - - 613

cornutus Temm. Batrachostomus, 2. 45; App. 3

Vieill. Nyctibius, 2. 46; App. 3

Cuv. Phonygama, 2. - - 303

Gmel. Platycereus, 34. 408; App. 19

Briss. Podiceps, 1. 633; App. 28

Gmel. Podiceps, 5. - - 633
coromanda Bodd. Ardea, 39, - - 556
Gmel. Haleyon, 20. - - 79
ecoromandelensis Kuhl, Ardea, 39. - - 556
coromandeliana Gmel. Anastomus, 1, - 562
Scop. Halcyon, 20. - 79
coromandelianus Gimel, Nettapus, 1. 608 ;
App. 27

ecoromandelica Gmel. Coturnix, 3. - - 507
coromandelicus Gmel. Cursorius,3. 537; App.25
coromandeliensis Licht. Colius - App. 18
coromander Lath. Bubo, 9. - = Gr
coromandus Lath. Merops, 23. 86; App. 5
Linn. Oxylophus, 2. - - 464

coronata Linn. Aquila, 13. = 145, App: 1
Pall. Euspiza, 6. = - 376

Lath. Goura, 1. = - - 479

Blyth, Gracula, 4, - - 330

Miill. & Sch. Haleyon, 30. = Wi

Linn. Mniotilta, 20. - - 196

Spiz, Pipra, 23. - - - 274

Gmel. Pyrocephalus, 1, - - 250

Lath. Rojlulus, 1. - - 507

Tschudi, Setophaga - App. 12

Temm. & Sch. Sylvia, 35. - 174

Vieill. Tzenioptera, 2. - - 241
coronatus Bodd. Buceros, 4. - - 399
Shaw, Buceros, 29. - - 400

Swains. Cacicus, 14. - - 342

Licht, Centurus - App. 22

Vieill. Cireaétus, 51. - 16; App. 1

Swains. Cyanocorax, 3. - - 307

Vieill, Enicocichla, 1. = - 188

Temm. Enicurus, 1. - - 204

Bodd. Hoplopterus, 6. - - 542

Raffi. Lophocitta, 1. - - 305

Tick. Macropteryx - App. 4.

Swains. Oriolus, 6. 232; App. 11

Less. Picolaptes, 1. - - 140

Licht. Pterocles; 12. - - 519

Shaw, Spizaétus, 1. - - 14

Vieill. Tachyphonus - App. 16

Vieill, Telophorus, 1. - - 292

eorone Linn. Corvus, 7. - - - 315
Linn. Corvus, 13. = - - 315
coroneoides Vig. & Horsf. Corvus, 10. 3155
App. 15

correndera Vieill, Anthus. 12. - - 206
corrugatus Temm. Buceros, 20. - - 399
coruscans Gould, Polytmus, 29. - - 108
coruseus Fras. Mellisuga, 28. - = 12
corvina Kittl. Calornis . - App. 15
Temm. Megalaima, 19. - - 429
corvinus Shaw, Lanius, 25. - - 291
Swains. Quisealus, 4. - - 341

eorydon Temm. Eurylaimus, 6. - 65

corypheeus Licht. Tachyphonus, 9. 365; App. 16

corythaix Wagl. Hetzrornis, 5. - - 335
Wagl. Turacus, 3. - - 395
eoscoroba Mol, Cygnus, 8. 610; App. 27
coste Bourc. Mellisuga, 83. = - 113
costototl Gel. Icterus, 5. - - 343
cotinga Linn, Cotinga, 1. - - - 279
Linn. Cotinga, 2. - - - 279

eotorra Vieill. Conurus, 25. - - 414
cott2 Gosse, Elania - Suppl. App. 30 b
coturnix Linn. Coturnix, 1. - - 507
Scop. Coturnix, 15, - - 507
coulacissi Vieill, Psittacula, 16. - - 423
Coutellit Audub, Anthus, 1. = - 206

coyoleos Gmel, Ortyx, 3. - - - 514

Page

Cranchii Leach. Francolinus, 26. - - 506
erassirostris Vieill. Alauda, 12. 380; App. 18
Gould, Camarhynchus, 2. - 359

Blyth, Carpodacus - App. 18

Spix, Charadrius, 36. - - 544

Riipp, Corvus, 25. 315; App. 15

Such, Dendrocolaptes, 5. - 140

Vieill. Eudynamys, l. - - 464

Gray, Gallinula, 9. 599; App. 27

Vieill, Larus, 9. - - 654

Gould, Neomorpha, 1. = - 93

Vigors, Nycticorax, 10. - 558

Vieill. Otus, 6. - - 40; App.3

Swains. Quiscalus, 10. - 341

Riipp. Saxicola, 12. = - 179

Swains. Seaphidurus, 3. - 341;

App. 15

Gmel. Spermophila, 54. - 386

Riipp. Sylvia, 27. - = 4:

Vieill. Totanus, 25. - - 573

Fras. Treron, 11. - - 467

Licht. Turdus - App. 10

Lath. Turnagra, 1. = - 227

Swains. Tyrannus, 11. - 247

cratitia Gould, Meliphaga, 13. - - 122
Crawfordii Gray, Hemilophus, 2. = - 439
Gray, Gallophasis, 11. = - 498

Gray, Zanclostomus, 7. - 460;

App. 23
erecca Linn. Querquedula, 1. 616; App.28
ereccoides King, Querquedula, 3. - - 616
crenirostris Vieill, Spermophila, 14. - 386
erepidatus Temm. Stercorarius, 2. - - 653
crepitans Merr. Megalophonus - App.18

Temm. Cidienemus, 1. - - 535

Linn. Psophia, 1. - - 550

Lath, Psophodes, 1. 129; App. 6

Gmel. Rallus, 3. - < - 593

crex Gmel, Ortygometra, 1. - - 593
eriniger Less, Criniger Suppl. App. 30 b
Hodgs. Drymoica, 61. - - 164

crinita Shaw, Coracias, 3. - = = 62

Daud. Hetzrornis, 11. - - 335
crinitus Linn. Myiobius, 1. 248; App. 11
Gosse, Myiobius - - App. 11

Daud. Pyrrhocorax, 2. - - 320

erishna Gould, Chibia, 1. - - - 287
crispa Linn, Fringilla, 78. - - - 372
Vieill. Spermophila, 19. - - 386
erispiceps Blyth, Criniger, 6. - - 236
crispicollis Daud. Prosthemadera, 1. - 123
crispus Linn. Gallus, 11. - - - 499
Bruch, Pelecanus, 5. 668; App. 30

Spix, Polytmus, 24. - - 108
erissoleucos Brandt, Picoides, 1. - - 434

cristata Linn. Alauda, 8. - 380; App. 18
Linn. Aleedo, 10. - - - 81

Gmel. Anas, 6. ~ = = Gis
Linn. Cacatua, 5. - 425; App. 20
Vieill, Calyptura, 1. - - 271
Linn. Cariama, 1. - 551; App. 25
Girel. Cotinga, 14. - - 279
Linn. Coua, 3. - - - 454

Daud. Ephialtes, 17. 38; App. 3.

Suppl. App. 30 a

Shaw, Eudyptes, 1. - 641
Scop. Eupodotis, 1. - - 533
Gmel, Euscarthmus, 10. - - 251
Vigors, Euspiza, 4. - - 376
Gmel. Fulica, 2. = - - 600
Ray, Fuligula, 1. - 621; App. 28
Lath. Gallinula, 6. = - 599
Swains, Gubernatrix, 1. = - 378
Steph. Hirundo, 31. - - 58
Griff. Lophocitta, 1. - - 305
Linn. Mellisuga, 97. - - 113
Gmel. Muscivora, 2. - - 258
Pall. Numida, 5. - - - 501
Lewin, Oreoica, 1, - - = 294
Vieill, Parra, 13. - - - 589
Linn. Penelope, 6. - - 485
Lath. Peristera, 14. 476; App. 24
Swains. Phibalura, 1. - - 277
Gmel. Pipra, 31. - - - 274
Scop. Pyenonotus - - App. 11

Page

cristata Gmel. Rollulus, 1. - - 507
Swains. Sterna, 4. - - - 658

Gmel. Tachyphonus, 19. 365; App. 16

Gmel. Tehitrea, 9. - - - 260

Swains. Tityra, 10. - = 253

Vieill. Turacus, 7. - - 395

Vieill, Upupa, 4. = - - 90
cristatella Lath. Alauda, 11. - - 380
Vieill, Gubernatrix, 1. + - 378

Linn. Heterornis, 9, = - 335

Pail. Phaleris, 5. - - 638

Vieill. Upupa, 2. - - 90
cristatelloides Hodgs. Heterornis, 9. = 335
cristatellus Zemm. Cyanocorax, 5. - - 3807
Blyth, Dicrurus, 2. - ~ 286

Lath. Mellisuga, 98. = - 113

Temm. Phaleris, 6. - - 638

Menetr, Pteroptochos, 3. - 155

Temm. Spizaétus,9. = - 14

Spiz, Tachyphonus, 20, 365;

App. 19

Vieill, Thamnophilus, 36, - 298

eristatum Gould, Sphenostoma, 1. - - 194
eristatus Lath. A.gotheles, 1. 46; App. 3
Spix, Anabates, 5. - - 138

G. R. Gray, Astur, 7. - = 20:

Vieill. Baza,l. - - - 23

Riipp. Buceros, 10. - - 399

Vieill. Buceros, 2. - = 399

Gmel, Cacicus, 1. - - 342

var. Lath. Cacicus,2. - - 342

Vieill, Chrysoptilus, 4, = - 440

Linn, Cyanocorax, 1. - - 307

Vieill. Dicrurus, 5. - - 286

Swains. Diplopterus - App. 22

Linn. Enneoctonus, 4. - - 291

D Orb. & Lafr. Eusearthmus, 11. 251
Cab. Euscarthmus Suppl. App. 30 b
Swains. Fluvicola, 8. - - 242

Bodd. Geronticus, 12. - - 566

Fabr. Graculus, 8. 667; App. 30

Temm. Graculus, 6. - - 667

Vieill. Lanio, 2. 364; App. 16

M:Clell, Leptoptilus, 5. = - 561

Briss. Mergus, 2. - - 629

Pall. Mergus, 5. - - - 629

Less. Morphnus, 3. - - 15

Lath, Opisthocomus, 1. - - 396

Linn, Ortyx, 7. - -* - 514

Swains. Oxyrhamphus, 1. - 138

Linn. Parus, 26. - - 192

Linn. Pavo,1. - - ~- 494

Less. Pelecanus, 6. - - 668

Cuv. Pernis, 2. - 24; App. 21

Linn. Podiceps, 1. - - 633

Riipp. Prionops, 3. - - 292

Burn, Pyenonotus, 7. - - 237

Ray, Regulus, 1. - = 175

Vieill. Serpentarius, 1. = - 31

Vieill. Sycobius, 1. - - 352

Vieill. Sycobius, 2. - - 352

Linn. Tachyphonus, 5. - - 365

Lath. Thamnophilus, 32. - 298

Gmel, Thrasaétus, 1. - = 15

Meyer, Vanellus, 1. - - 541

crocata Shaw, Nectarinia, 24. - =2 938
erocea Vieill. Anthus, 34. - - - 206
Vieill. Euspiza,l. - - - 376

Bonn. Rupicola, 1. - - - 275
croceoventer Vigors, Diczeum, 8. - - 100
croceus Less. Nectarinia - - App. 5
Jard. & Selby, Pteroglossus, 11. —- 403
croconotus Wagl. Icterus, 11. - - 343
crocorrhous Horsf. Pyecnonotus, 32. 26 5
App. 11

crombec Less. Leptosomus - App. 22
erotopezus Jil. Turdus, 55. 219; App. 10
erotophagus Pr. Max. Milvago, 1. - = 10
cruciata Temm. Pyrrhulauda, 5. - - 381
eruciger Temm. Pyrrhulauda, 4. - - 381
crucigera Spix, Ephialtes, 10. - - 38
erucirostra Pall, Loxia, 2. - - - 388
crudelis Swains. Tyrannus, 9. = - 247
ecruenta Gmel. Calzenas, 3. - - - 478
Wagl. Oriolus, 17. - - 232

74 INDEX OF SPECIFIC NAMES.

Page

eruenta Bodd, Querula, 1. - - - 239
cruentata Less, Carpodacus, 5. - - 384
Linn, Dicereum, 9. - - 100

Riipp. Nectarinia, 18, - - 98
cruentatus Bodd. Centurus « App. 22
Pr. Max, Conurus, 15. 413; App. 19

Riipp. Laniarius, 3. - - 298

Gould, Malurus, 9. - - 165

cruentus Gould, Accipiter, La; - = =29
Hardw. Ithaginis, 1, - - 504

Less. Laniarius, 11. . - 299

Less. Tiaris, 2. - - - $75
crumeniferus Cuv. Leptoptilus, 2. - - 561
eruralis Vig. & /orsf. Cinclorhamphus, 1. - 168
Bl. Ruticilla, 15. - - - 180
eruziana J’ Orb, Peristera, 18. - - 476
eryptogenys Hodgs. Archibuteo, 5. - = ee
cube Gerv. Fringilla, 23. - - = OL
cubanensis Gould, Ortyx, 2. - - 514
cubeensis Daud. Amadina, 36. - - 370
cubicularis Wagl. Paleornis, 3. - - 409
ecubla Shaw, Laniarius, 16. - - 299
cuculinus Licht. Colaptes, 4. ~ - 446
cucullata Shaw, Acanthorhynchus, 1. - 119
Swains. Amadina, 39. - - 370

Swains. Calliste, 9. - - 366

Swains. Carpornis, 2. 279; App. 13

Temm. Chettusia, 9. - - 541

Fisch. Datfila, 2. 615; App. 27

Swains. Fringilla, 22. - - 371

Bodd. Hirundo, 12. - - 58

Swains. Hyphantornis, 11. - 351

Lath, Petroica, 6. - - 183

FHlartl. Pitta, 19. 213; App. 9

Dubus, Pyranga - - App. 16

Wils. Setophaga, 12. - - 265

Bodd, Spermophila, 44, - - 386

Lath, Spiza, 6 “ - - 375

Jard. & Selby, Tanagra, 20 - 365
eucullatus Vieill. Charadrius, 28. 544; App. 25
Shaw, Eos, 4. - - - 417

Temm. Eurylaimus, 2. - - 65

Swains. Hypotriorchis, 5. - 20

Swains. Icterus, 4. - - 343

Linn. Mergus, 3. 629; App. 28

Wagl. Nycticorax, 6. - - 558

Temm. Orthotomus, 6. - - 162

Vigors, Palzornis, 2. - - 409

Pall, Podiceps, 4. = - 633

Gould, Pteroglossus ~ App. 19

Temm. ‘Telophorus, 3. - - 292
cuculoides Zemm. Accipiter, 18. = - 29
Jerd. Athene, 4. - - 34

Vigors, Athene, 3. - - 84

Swains. Avyicida, 1. 23); App.

Blyth, Sibia, 1. - - 238

Smith, Zanclostomus~— - App. 22

culicivora Gould, Acanthiza, 19. - - 189
culik Wagl. Pteroglossus, 24, - - 404
culminata Hay, Campephaga - App. 13
Gould, Diomedea, 6. 650; App. 29
culminatus Sykes, Corvus, 6. - - $15
Gould, Ramphastos, 4, - 403
cultrunguis Blyth, Pontoaétus, 5. - - 29
cumanensis Licht, Conurus, 2, - - 413
Jacq. Penelope, 2. - - 485

459; App. 22
471; App. 23

Cumingii Fras. Dasylophus, 2.
euneata Lath, Geopelia, 3.

cuneatus Licht. Glyphorhynchus, 1. - 141
cuneicaudata Brehm, Aquila - App. 1
cuneicaudatus Vieill. Gymnorhina, 3. - 302

cunicularia Mol. Athene, 19.
Vieill. Geositta, 1.

35; App. 3
134; App. 6

Cunninghami Such, Gubernetes, 1. - 244
cupido Linn, Tetrao, 5. - - - 516
cuprea Jerd. Carpophaga_ - - App. 23
Vahl. Parra - - App. 26
Wagl. Peristera, 15. - - 476
Gmel. Pheenicercus - App. 13
Shaw, Nectarinia, 14. - - 97
eupreipennis Bourc, § Muls, Mellisuga, 25.

112; App. 5
cupreocauda Gould, Mellisuga, 43. Pils:
cupreoventris Fras. Hylocharis, 3. - 114
eupreus Bodd, Cuculus, 17. - - 463

Page

cupreus Shaw, Cuculus, 15, - - 463
cureus Mol, Agelaius, 6. - 847; App 15
curonica Gmel, Totanus, 5. - - 573
curonicus Beseke, Charadrius, 15. - - 544
curruca Lath, Sylvia, 7. - - - 174
currucaria Linn, Nectarinia, 51, - - 98
cursitans F’rank/, Drymoiea, 49. - - 164
cursoria Swains. Fluvicola, 1. - - 242
Vieill. Saxicola, 33. - - 179
curtipes Swains. Myiobius, 24, - - 249
curucui Linn. Trogon, 1. - - 69
eurucura Vieill. Trogon, 2. 69; App. 4
curvirostra Pall, Anas, 1. - - - 615
Audub. Loxia - - App. 18

Linn, Loxia, 2, 388; App. 18

Gmel, 'Treron, 1. - - 467
curvirostris Gould, Corvus, 24. - - 315
Raffi. Francolinus, 27. - 506

Shaw, Lophophorus, 1. - 502

Gould, Limnornis, 1. - - 134

Swains, Mimus, 19. 221; App. 10
Shaw, Phoenicophaus, 2. 459 ; App. 22

Swains. Phyllornis, 8. - - 124

Linn, Vanga, 1. - - 299

Swains. Zosterops, 11. - 198

Cutberti Pall. Somateria, 1. - - 624
Cuvieri Puch, Eulabeornis, 4. - - 595
Temm. Gallophasis, 13. - - 498

Licht. Merops, 4. - - - 86

Vig. & Horsf. Podargus, 1. - 45

De Lattr. §& Boure. Polytmus, 8. = 107

Wagl. Ramphastos, 2. - - 403

Audub, Regulus, 20. - - 175

Less. 'Talegallus, i, - - 489
Swains, Tityra, 13. - - 253

Pr. Bonap. Tringa, 16. - - 580

eyana Hodgs. Ruticilla, 14. - - 180
Linn. Turdus, 97, - - - 219

eyanater Less. Dacnis, 2. - o
eyananchen Mull. & Schl. Psittacus, $3. - 421

eyanea Less, Aleyone - - App. 5
Linn. Cereba, 1. - - - 101
Vieill. Ceryle, 5. = - - 82
Eversm. Cyanecula - App. 8
Lafr. Diglossa, 5. - - - 137
Swains. Euphonia - App. 17
Forst, Halcyon, 36. - - 79
Vieill. Hylocharis, 31. - - 114
Begbie, Irena - - App. 13
Vieill. Niltava, 5. - - - 264
Pall. Pica, 7 314; Supp]. App. 30, b
Blyth, Pitta, 4. - a - 213
Linn. Spiza, 1. - - - 375
eyanecula Lath. Grallina, 1. - - 204
eyanella Gmel. Spiza, 1. - - - 875
eyanescens Vieill, Hypotriorchis = App. 2
eyaneus Linn. Circus, 1. - - - 32

var. americanus Swains. & Rich. Cir-
cus, 1. - - - = 82

Sparrm. Coriphilus, 2. - - 417
Vieill, Cyanocorax, 15. - - 307
Vieill. Irrisor - . App. 5
Gmel. Malurus, 1, - - 165
Horsf. Myiophonus, 4. - - 214

Vieill. Nectarinia, 51. - - 98

Pall, Parus, 11. - - - 192
Gmel. Pitylus, 5. - 362; App. 16
Lath, Tropidorhyneus, 12. - 125
Griff. Turaeus, 7. - - 395
eyanicollis D’ Orb. & Lafr. Calliste App. 17

Vieill. Eurystomus, 1. - - 62

Vieill. Porphyrio, 8. - - 598
Mull. & Schl. Psittacula, 26. - 423
Mull. & Schl. Psittacus, 35. - 421

D' Orb. & Lafr. Tanagra, 19. 365;

App. 16

eyanictera Vieill, Pyranga, 10. - - 364
cyanifrons Boure. Polytmus, 66. - - 108
cyanirostris Vieill, Fluvicola, 2. - - 242
eyaniventer Hodgs. Tesia, 4. - - 156
cyaniventris Blyth, Pyenonotus, 16. - 237
eyanocapilla Wagl. Pipra, 23. - - 274
eyanocapillus Vieill. Chrysotis, 11. - 422
Cab. Cyanocorax App. 14

eyanocephala Vieill. Calliste,2. - - 366

Page

eyanocephala Gmel, Chaleophaps, 1. - 477
Linn. Euphonia, 1. - 367

Mol. Hylocharis, 49. - 115

Shaw, Nectarinia, 15. 2-197,

Mol. Nycticorax, 2. - 558

Vieill, Nycticorax, 13. - 558

Less, Polytmus, 85, 86. - 109
Linn, Starnenas, 1, 478; App. 24
D' Orb. & Lafr. Tanagra, 11. 364

Swains. 'Turdus, 105. - 220
eyanocephalus Swains. Chrysotis, App. 20
Lath, Cuculus, 39, - 463
Linn. Dacnis,2. - - 102
Lath. Yudynamys, 6. - 464
Vieill, Momotus, 1. - 68
Gmel. Paleornis, 6. - 410
Vieill. Porphyrio, 5. - 598
Pr. Max, Psilorhinus, App. 14
Scop. Psittacus, 12. - 421
Vieill. Thamnophilus, 39. = 298
eyanochlora Wagl. Cyanocorax, 4. - 307
eyanocollis Vieill. Megalaima, 9. - - 429

cyanogaster Vieill. Chrysotis, 17. 422; App. 20
Cuv. Coracias, 6. - - 62
Vigors, Irena, 2. -
Swains. Melittophagus, 4. - 86

'
to
io)
oo

Vicill. Momotus, 4, - - 68
Shaw, ‘Trichoglossus, 3. - 411
eyanogastra Luth, Cxreba, 1. - - 101
eyanogenys Pr. Max. Hylocharis, 40, - 115

eyanogenius Merr. Megalaima -

eyanogrammus, Wagl. ‘Trichoglossus, 4. - 411
cyanogularis Spiv, Conurus, 15. - - 413
Jerd, Nyctiornis, 2. - - 87

eyanoides Lafr. Pitylus - - App. 16
eyanoleuca Vieill. Alcedo, 17. - - 81
Lath. Grallina, 1. - - 204

Vieill. Haleyon, 41. - - 79

Vieill. Hirundo, 25 58; App. 4
eyanoleucus Pr. Mux. Cyanocorax, 5. - 307
Pr. Max. Nemosia App. 17

Vieill. Niltava, 12. - - 264

Vieill. Porphyrio, 9. . - 598

eyanolyseos Mol. Conurus, 5. 413; App. 19
eyanomelana Wagl. Cyanocorax, 17. - 307
Temm. Niltava, 17. 264; App. 12

cyanomelas Gmel. Czreba, 2. - - 101
Vieill. Cyanocorax, 17. - 307

Vieill. Irrisor, 9. 90; App. 5

Kuhl, Platyeereus, 11. - 408

Gmel. Polytmus, 19, - - 108

Pr. Maz, Tanagrella, 1. 366; App.17

Vieill. Tchitrea, 19, - - 260
eyanopectus Lafr. Ceyx. - - App. 5
Gould, Polytmus, 22. - 108
eyanopileata Bonn. Chaleophaps, 1. - 477
cyanopis Vieill. Chrysotis, 15. - - 422
cyanopogon Pr, Max. Cyanocorax, 8. - 307
Temm. Phyllornis, 6. - 124

cyanops Cuv. Megalaima, 9. . - 429
Sundev. Sula, 5. - 666; App. 30

Lath, Tropidorhynehus, 12. - 125
cyanoptera Riipp. Bernicla - App. 27
Swains. Calliste, 10. - - 366

Temm. Pitta, 12. = - 213

Vieill. Pterocyanea, 4. - 617

Pr. Maz. Tersa, 1. - - 278
eyanopterus Bodd. Conurus, 17. - - 413
Lodd. Mellisuga, 10. - - 112

Hodgs. Phyllornis, 8. - 124

Bodd. Psittacula, 2. - - 422

Swains. Psittacula, 2. -

Vieill. Saltator, 14. 363; App. 16

eyanopus Vieill. Agelaius, 5. 347; App. 15
Gmel. Ardea 29. -

Vieill. Cymindis, 1. - = 25

Viell, Numenius, 3. 569; App. 26

422

Gesn. Falco - . App. 2
cyanopygius Less. Merops - App. 5
Vieill. Platycercus, 25. - 408

eyanopyrrha Vieill. Hirundo, 36. 58; App. 4
eyanorhyncha Licht, Erismatura
eyanorhynchus Bodd. Chrysotis - App. 20
Mey & Wolf. Larus, 14.
Swains. Spermospiza, 1.

INDEX

OF SPECIFIC

NAMES. 75

Page

cyanostigma Rijpp. Alcedo 9. - - 81
cyanostriata G. R. Gray. Eos. 9. - - 417
eyanotis Kuhl, Chrysotis, 10. - - 422
Temm. Dacelo, 5. - - 78

Licht. Dendrocolaptes, 3. - - 140

Swains. Halcyon, 43. - - 79

Swains. Juida, 8. - = 92/7,

Blyth, Megalaima - App. 21

Lath. ropiders suena i 12. = 125
eyanotus Vieill. Eos. 2. - - 417
Boure. Polytmus, 25. - - 108

Jard. Turdus, 108. - - 220
eyanouroptera Hodgs. Leiothrix, 3. - 269
cyanoventris G, R. Gray, Calliste, 19. 366 ; App. 17

Vieill. Calliste - App. 17

Vieill, Euphonia, 13. - - 367

Vieill, Haleyon, 18. - 79

cyanovirens Less. Ptilonopus, 13. 467; hens 23
eyanura, Vieill. Ardea, 49. - 556
Hodgs. Nemura, 1. - 181

Pail. Nemura Suppl App. 30a

Gmel. Pitta, 9. - - 213

Steph. Mellisuga, 50. - - 113
cyanuroides Less. Pitta, 31. - - 214
cyanurus Shaw, Lorius, 4. - - 416
Vieill. Polytmus, 54, - - 108

eyanus Linn. Turdus, 97. - - - 219
cyclops Gould, Strix, 9. - - 41; App.3
eygneus Lath. Aquila, 1. = - - 13
eygnoides Linn. Anser, 8. - - - 607
eygnus Linn. Cygnus, 4. - : - 610
cylindricus Temm. Buceros, 14, - - 399
eynedus Pall. Picus, 2. - - ~ 435
eyphos Wagl. Bucco, 6. - - - 74
dactylatra Less. Sula, 3. = - - 666
dactylisonans Meyer, Coturnix, 1. - - 507
Dalhousie, Jam. Eurylaimus, 5. - 65; App. 4
dalmatica Gmel. Emberiza, 5. - - 377

dalmaticus, Riipp. Cireus, 3. - = 82

damacensis Horsf. Tringa - - App. 26
damascena Briss. Perdix, 1. - - 506
danubialis Gmel. Ardea, 41. - - 556
darjellensis Blyth, Pieus — - - App. 21
dartfordiensis Lath. Sylvia, 5. - - 174
Darwini Gould, Rhea, 2. - - - 527

Pr, Bonap. ae 12. - - 364
dasypus Bechst. Nyctale, 1. - - 40
Daubentoni G. R. Gray, Spermophila, 38, - 386
Daudini Cuv. Merops, 9. - - - 86

daulias Temm. Turdus, 33. 219; Sup. Ap. 30 b
dauma Lath. Turdus, 11. = - 218
daurica Linn. Hirundo, 11, - ey
dauricus Pall, Corvus, 21. = S153) App. 1515

Suppl. App. 30 b

Pall. Pastor, 4. - 334; App. 15

Davidianus Less. Phetornis, 13. - - 104
dea Linn. Tanysiptera, 1, - - - 78
decorus Herm. Chrysotis, 5. = - 422
Licht. Mellisuga, 88. - - 113
decumana Licht. Saltator, 4. - - 363
decumanus Ji/. Dendrocolaptes, 2. - - 140
decursata Pr. Bonap. Mniotilta, 28, - 196
decussata Licht. Ephialtes, 10. - = SE
decussatus Tschudi, Caprimulgus, 35. - 48
De Ducrops, Homb. §& Jacq. Cacatua App. 20
deflexus Licht. Troglodytes, 47. « =) 158
deformis Koch, Coccothraustes, 1. - - 358
degener Jil. Milvago, 1. —- - - 10
deiroleucus Temm. Falco, 12. - 19; App. 2
Delafieldii Audub. Trichas, 12. = - 197
Delafonii H. Smith, Accipiter, 10. - mY)
Delalandi Temm. Coua, 7. - - - 454
Vieill. Mellisuga, 99. « - 114
Delamottii Vieill. Hydrochelidon = - App. 29
Delattrei Less. Mellisuga, 85. - - 113
De Latt. § Less. Polytmus, 6. - 107

Lafr. Tachyphonus - App. 17
Delegorguei Deleg. Coturnix - App. 24
Deleg. Columba App. 23

Delesserti Jerd. Pterocyclus, 6. 226; App. 10
Lafr. Pterocyclus, 7 - 226

delicata Ord, Gallinago, 5. - - 583
delicatula Gould, Strix, 3. - 1; App. 3

Page
deliciosa Gray, Eupodotis, 17. - - 533
delphinz Less. Polytmus, 30. - - 108
deluzez Ménétr. Formicivora, 3. = - 212
demersus Linn. Spheniscus, 1. - - 640
Denhami Childr. Eupodotis, 6. - - 533
denisea Temm. Columba, 12. - - 470

dentatus Temm. Odontophorus, 2. 513; App. 24

dentirostris Hay. Dicrurus - App. 13
Gould, Geospiza, 6. - - 359

Wagl. Geronticus, 8. = - 566

Vieill. Turdus, 82. - - 219

Swains. Xenops - App. 7

Derbiana G. R. Gray, Chauna, 2. - - 591
Derbianus Fras. Mellisuga, 1. - - 112
Gould, Nyctidromus, 1. - - 48

Gould, Pteroglossus, 27. - 404

G. R. Gray, Oreophasis, 1. - 485

Gould, Tetrao, 9. - 516

Derbyi Bourc. §& De Lattr. Hylocharis, 7. - 114
deserti Licht. Mivafra, 6. -
Riipp. Saxicola, 8. - - 179
desertorum Stan/. Certhilauda, 8. 383; App. 18
Daud. Tinnuneulus” - App. 2

Desgrazii Homb. & Jacq. Campephaga, 7. - 283
Desmarestii G. R. Gray, Calliste,6. 366; App. 17
Leach, Diceum, 1. - - 100

Vieill, Euphonia, 15. - - 367
Payr, Graculus, 7. - - 667
Jard, & Selby, Platysteira, 1. - 256

Garn. Psittacula, 18. 423; App. 20

desolata Gmel. Procellaria, 7. 648; App. 29
despotes Licht. Tyrannus, 9. - - 247
destructor Temm. Cracticus, 2. - - 300

Temm. Thrasaétus, 1. - - 15

detruncata Licht. Amadina, 1. - - 369
deva Sykes, Alauda, 1. 380; App. 18
Devillei Bourc.& Mus. Trochilus Sup. Ap.30 a
diaconus Less, Calliste, 29. - - 366
diadema Lafr. Catamblyrhynchus, 1. - 385
Spix, Chrysotis, 9. - - 422
diademata Temm. Ptilonopus, 4. - - 466
Temm. Stephanophorus, 1. - 365
diadematus Dum. Buceros - App. 18
Temm. Cacicus, 14. - - 342

Mull. Enicurus, 6. - - 204

Riipp Indicator, 4. - - 451

diademus Hartl. Myiobius, 41. - - 249
diana Less. Eupetes, 4. - - - 208
Diardi Cuv. Gallophasis = - - Ape 24
Temm. Harpactes, 6. - are

Temm. Phasianus, 3. - - 497

Less. Zanclostomus, 6. 460; App. 23
dibapha Lath. Myzomela, 1. - - 118
Forst. Petroica - - App. 8
dichrous Hodgs. Parus, 6. - - - 192
dicolorus Gmel. Ramphastos, 11. 403; Ap. 19
dieruroides Hodgs. Cuculus, 35. - - 463

Dieffenbachit G. R. Gray, Ocydromus, 2. - 596

G. R. Gray, Petroica, 14. - 183

diemenensis Gould, Acanthiza, 6. - - 189
Gould, Alcyone, 3. 82; App. 5

Gould, Coturnix - App. 24

Less. Tropidorhynehus App. 6

diffusus 4. Smith, Passer, 14. - - 373
dilopha Temm. Lopholaimus, 1. — - - 469
dilophus Vieill, Graculus, 14. - - 667
Vieill, Mellisuga, 67. - - 113

diluta Shaw, Zosterops, 5. - = - 198
dilutus Blyth, Brachypternus - App. 22
Lath. Colluriocinela, 1. - - 295
dimidiata Temm. Corethrura, 30. - - 595
dimidiatus BZ. Centropus, 10. 455; App. 22
Gray, Gecinus, 6. - - 438

Temm. Gecinus, 11. 439; App. 21

Cuv., Less. Graculus, 23. - 667

Raffl. Haliaétus, 10. - - 17

Lafr. Ramphopis, 3. - - 363

dinemelli Horsf. Textor, 3. - - 350
Diodon Temm. Harpagus, 1. 22; App. 2
diophrys Steph. Dendrobates, 8. - - 437
Shaw, Drymoica, 7. - - 163

diophthalma Homb. § Jacq. Psittacula, 19. 423;

App. 20
diops Temm. Haleyon, 24 - - - 79
Temm. Todirostrum - - App. 12

Page

discolor Blyth, Certhia . - App. 7
Shaw, Euphema, 3. - - 411

Herm. Leptosomus - App. 22

Vieill. Mniotilta, 6. - - 196

Vieill. Molothrus, 3. - - 346

Vieill. Nectarinia, 16. - - 97

discors Linn. Pterocyanea, 3. - - 617
discurus Vieill. Prioniturus, 1. - - 408
dispar Temm. Elanus, 4. - - - 26
Sparr. Eniconetta, 1. - - 624

Horsf. Pyenonotus, 1. - - 237
dissimilis Blyth, Turdus - - App. 10
diuca Mol. Euspiza - Suppl. App. 30c¢
diurnus Pr. Mar. Podager, 1. - - 52
diva Less. Calliste - - - App. 17
divaricata Licht. Dicrurus, 16. - - 287
divaricatus Pr. Bonap. Pyrocephalus, 7. - 250
divinus Less. Haleyon, 45, - = - 79
docilis Hodgs. Copsychus - - App. 8
Gmel, Coracia, 1. - - - 321

Gmel, Hetzerornis, 7. - - 335

Vieill. Palzornis, 3. = - 409
doliata Pall. Surnia, 1. - - - 33
doliatus Linn, Thamnophilus, 1. 297; App. 14
Dombeyanus Ranz. Momotus, 4. - - 68
Dombeyi Less. Momotus, 4. - - 68
domestica Linn. Anas, 1. - = - 615
Pail. Hirundo, 1. - - 57

Vieill. Progne, 5 59; App. 4

Wils, Troglodytes, 4. - - 158
domesticus Linn. Passer, 1. - - 372

domicella Linn. Lorius, 1. 416; App. 20
domicellus Cuv. Trogon, 10. = - 69

domicilla Pr, Max. Formicivora, 17. 212; App. 9
dominica Linn, Arremon - - App. 16
Linn, Erismatura, 6. - - 627

Linn. Mniotilta, 61. - - 197

Linn. Piaya, 11. - - 457
dominicana Spix, Arundinicola, 1. - - 243
Linn. Chettusia, 13. - - 541

Blyth, Hetzrornis, 3. - - 335

Linn. Spiza, 7. - - 375

Vieill. Tenioptera, 3. - - 241

cristata Bodd. Spiza, 6. - 375
dominicanus Gmel. Artamus, 1. - = AS
Less. Hetxrornis, 3. - - 335

Licht, Larus, 7. 654; App. 29

Vieill. Leuconerpes, 1. 444;

‘ App. 22

Bodd. Pastor, 6. 34; App. 15

Briss. Spiza, 8. - - 375
dominicensis Gmel. Athene, 26. 5; App. 3
Licht. Leistes,1. - - 348

Briss. Mimus, 3. - = 2P)\|

Gmel. Pastor, 6. - - 334

Lath. Peristera, 19. - 476

Gmel. Progne, 3. - = 09

Gmel, Psittacus, 24. - - 421

Lafr. Saurothera - App. 22

Gmel. Tinnunculus, LO. = il

Lafr. Todus - - App. 4

Steph. Tringa, 15. . - 579

Briss. Tyrannus, 3. - - 247

Gosse, Tyrannus - App. 11

Linn. Xanthornus, 2. - - 344

Gmel, Zonotrichia, 28. - 374

dominicus Steph. Arremon ee App. 16
Linn, Mimus, 3. = 921

Linn. Podiceps, 14. 633; App. 28

Linn. Polytmus, 11. - - 108
D’Orbignyanus Lafr. Picumnus, 9. - 432
D’Orbignyi Boiss. Diglossa - App. 6
Aud. marae Sue - 654

Boure. & Muls. reeicaterre) LON:

dorsalis Ménétr. Conopophaga, 3. - - 255
King, Lessonia, 1. - - - 201

Lewin, Malurus, 8. - - 165

D’ Orb & Lafr. Mimus, 11. - 221

Riipp. Parus, 25. - - - 192

Quoy & Gaim. Platycercus, 26. - 408

le Tringa, 5. - - - 579

Vig. & Horsf. Zosterops, 5. - 198

dorsatus Riipp. Parus, 25. 192; App. 9
dorsigerus Jard. & Selby, Pitylus, 17. - 362

dorsomaculata D’ Orb. & Lafr, Synallaxis,24. 136

u

Page

Doubledayi Boure. Hylocharis, 32. - 114
Dougallit Mont, Sterna, 35. - - 659
Douglasii Vigors, Callipepla, 5. 514; App. 24
Swains, Gallinago, 7. - - 583

Swains. Hemipalama, 1. - - 578

draco Merr. Leistes . - App. 15
drongo Shaw, Dicrurus, 5. - - 286
Drummondii Swains. Gallinago, 6. - 583
dryas Gould, Coriphilus, 6, 417; App. 20
r Gould, Rhipidura, 14. - - 259
dubia Shaw, Campephaga, 4. - - 283
Forst. Drymoica, 48. - - 164
Gould, Geospiza, 8. - - - 359

Gmel, Leptoptilus, 1. - - 561

Shaw, Nectarinia, 47. - - 98

Shaw, Pachycephala, 1. - - 27)

all. Phaleris, 7. - - - 638
dubium Lath, Sissirostrum - App. 15
dubius Gould, Acanthorhynchus, 1. - 119
Gmel. Accipiter, 4. - - 29

Merr. Cacicus . - App. 15

Scop. Charadrius, 15. - - 544

428; App. 21
291; App. 18

Gmel, Laimodon, 1.
Lath, Lanius, 30, -

Sparr. Pernis, 1. - - 23

Cabot, Picus - - App. 21

A. Smith, Ploceus, 12. - - 352

Gmel. Pteroglossus, 36. - - 404

Gould, Pyrocephalus, 5. - - 250

Lath. Seisura, 1, - - - 261
Bechst. Turdus, 21. - - 219

Naum. Turdus, 19, - - - 219
ducalis Licht. Aquila ~ = App. 1
dudoroa Wagl. Thinornis, 1. - - 545
Dufresneanus Kuhl, Chrysotis, 13. 422; App. 20
Dufresnii Swains. Chrysotis - App. 20
Steph. Columba, 29. = - 470

Vieill, Estrelda, 27. - - 369
dukhunensis Sykes, Accipiter, 14. - - 29
Sykes, Alauda, 2. = - 380

Sykes, Motacilla, 4. - - 203

Dumerilii Less. Anthornis, 1. - - 123
Less. Polytmus, 79. - - 108
dumeticola Tick. Ketupa - - App. 3

dumetorius J. Geoffr. D’ Orb. Cinclodes, 9. 132

dumetorum D’ Orb. & Lafr. Cinclodes, 9. - 132
Gould, Cuculus, 51. - 463

Less. Embernagra, 2. - - 361

dumicola Vieil/. Culicivora, 5. = - 176
Vieill. [cteria, 1, - - - 229
Dumontii Less. Gracula, 3. - - 330
Duperryii Less. Megapodius, 1. - - 491
Depetithouarsii Nebour, Ptilonopus App. 23
Dupontii Vieill. Certhilauda, 7, - - 383
Tess. Mellisuga, 71. - - 113

Vieill, Tityra, 13. - - 254

Durazzi Pr. Bonap. Emberiza, 9. SST,
d’Urvillei Less. Megapodius, 3. - - 491
Garn. Squatarola, 2. - - 543
Dussumieri Zemm. Accipiter, 14. - e-t:)
Less. Campephaga, 10. - 283

Less. Rollulus, 2. - - 507

Temm, Turnix, 4. - - 510

Temm. Turtur, 12. - - 472

Duvaucellii Zemm. Harpactes, 5. - = 71
Less. Hoplopterus, 1. - - 542

Lesse Megalaima, 12. - - 429

Temm. Puerasia, - - 503

Less. Rhinortha, 1. - - 460

Earlei Blyth, Timalia - - App. 10
eburnea Gmel. Pagophila, 1. - - 655
eburnirostrum Less. Conurus, 36. - - 414
ecarunculatus Spiz, Procnias, 2. - - 280

ecaudata Swains. Corethrura, 17. 595; App. 27
ecaudatum D’ Orb. & Lafr. Todirostrum, 9, 257

ecaudatus Linn. Gallus, 7. - - - 499

Shaw, Helotarsus, 1. - - 18
edela Temm. Orthotomus, 2. S - 162
edoliformis Blyth, Dicrurus - App. 13
edolioides Swains. Melznornis, 1. - - 288
edolius Cuv. Oxylophus, 3. - - 464
Edwardsii Bechst, Euphema,1. — - - 411

Gray, Eupodotis, 2, - - 532

INDEX OF

SPECIFIC

Page
Edwardsii Rich. § Sw. Limosa, 7. - 570
Brandt, Phaéton, 4. - - 663

Delatr, & Boure, Polytmus, 77. 109

Egertoni Blyth, Actinodura - App. 10
Gould, Actinodura, 1. - - 226

egretta Gmel. Ardea, 19, - 555 ; App. 25;
Suppl. App. 30 ¢

Temm. Geronticus - - App. 26
egrettoides Gmel. Ardea, 12. = - 555
Temm. Ardea, 13. - - 555

eimensis Gmel. Treron, 17. - - 467
ejulans Sundev. Cuculus, 3. - - 463
elaica Linderm. Calamodyta, 21. - - 172

elatus Zemm. Buceros, 13. -
Lath, Euscarthmus
Linn. Mellisuga, 96.

399; App. 18
Suppl. App. 30 b
- - 118

eleathorax Bechst. Emberiza, 2. - - 377
elegans Less. Callipepla, 3. - - 514
Pr, Max. Calliste, 3. - - 366
Gmel. Capito, 7. - - - 430
Swains. Centurus, 6. 442; App. 22
Fr. Colaptes, 8. - - - 446
A, Smith, Corethrura, 28. - - 595
Tschudi, Cotinga, 10. - - 279
Less. Culicivora, 4. - - 176
D Orb. & Lafr. Elania, 20. - 250
Temm. Emberiza, 18. - - S77
Gmel, Estrelda, 32. S - 369
Gould, Euphema, 7. - - 411
Less, Eusearthmus, 8. - - 251
Steph. Vringilla, 7. - - 371
Desjard. Gallinago, 18. - - 583
Swains. MSS. Hypotriorchris App. 2
Vieill. Hylocharis, 18. - - 114
Swains. Lanius, 8. - - - 290
Gould, Malurus, 4. - - 165
Vieill. Nectarinia, 35. - - 98

Temm. Niltava, 11. 264; App. 12

Less. Parus, 43. 192

Less. Pastor, 3. - - - 334
M’Clell. Pericrocotus, 5. - - 282

Temm. Phaps, 2. - - - 477

Eyd. & Souley, Pitta, 10. - - 213

Temm. Pitta, 11. - - - 213

Gmel, Platycercus, 1. - - 408

Audub. Rallus, 4. - - - 593

Steph, Rupicola, 1. - - 275
Tschudi, Saltator - - App. 16

Gamb, Sterna - Suppl. App. 30¢

Less, Tachyphonus - App. 16

D’ Orb. & Geoffr. Tinamotis, 2. - 525

Gould, Trogon, 13. - - 69
elegantissima Pr. Bonap. Euphonia App. 17
eleoronz, Gené, Hypotriorehis, 2. 20; App. 2
Elicia Bourc. & Muls. Polytmus, 82. - 109
Elliotii James. Pernis, 2. - - - 24
Jerd. Picus, 7. - 435; App. 21
elongatus Mull. Zanclostomus ~ App. 23
elorides Vieill. Tringa, 6. - - - 579
Elphinstoni Sykes, Carpophaga, 27. - 469
emarginata Licht. Dicrurus, 15. - - 287
emberizoides Daud. Molothrus, 1. - - 346
Emilie Bourc. & Muls, Phetornis, 7. - 104
Less. Ptilonopus - - App. 23
emphanum Temm. Polyplectron, 6. - - 495
empusa Gould, Tringoides - - App. 26
emu Steph. Casuarius, 1. - - - 528
Steph. Dromaius, 1. - - - 528
enado Garn. § Less. Muscicapa, 31. - 263
enea Horsf. Corvus, 9. - - ~ 315
enicurus Vieill, Caprimulgus, 22. - 48; App. 3
ensifera Boiss. Mellisuga, 1. - - 112
ensipennis Swains. Polytmus, 2. - - 107
enucleator Linn. Strobilophaga, 1. - - 387
eoa Gosse, Mniotilta, 35. - - - 196
Eos Kuhl. Cacatua, 1. - - - 425
Gould, Mellisuga - . App. 5

epauletta Hodgs. Nectarinia, 51. - - 98

Hodgs. Pyrrbula, 4. 387; App. 18
ephippiorhyncha Temm. Mycteria, 2. - 562
epilepidotus Temm. Macronus, 5. -
epimecurus Hodg. Nectarinia, 67. - - 98

episcopus Bodd, Ciconia, 4, - - 561
Linn. Tanagra, 1. 364; App. 16
Swains. Tanagra, 6. - - 364

NAMES.

Page

epomophora Less, Diomedea, 1. = - 650
Epops Linn. Upupa, 1. - - 90; App. 5
eques Bodd. Mniotilta, 25. - - 196
Less. Nectarinia, 46. - - 98
Bodd. Palxornis, 3. - - - 409
Bodd. Tityra,21. - - 254
equestris Lath. Philomachus, 1, - - 579
erectus Lath. Faleunculus, 4. - - 294
eremita Gel. Coracia, 1. - ” - $2]
Gould, Phetornis - Suppl. App. 30a

Gmel. 'Turdus, 101, - - 220
eriphile Less, Polytmus, 64. . - 108
erithaca Linn. Alcedo, 12, - - - 81
Erkelii Riipp. Francolinus, 9, - ~ 505
erminea Steph, Nyctea, 1. - - - 34
erochroa, Hodgs. Regulus, 11. - - 175
erubescens Shaw, Palwornis, 10, - - 410
Bankes, Phaéton, 8. - - 663

erythacus Linn. Psittacus, 1. 421; App. 20
Linn. Ruticilla, 2. - - 180

Licht, Sittasomus, 1. 142; App. 7
erythrauchen Wagl, Centurus, 1. + - 442
Wagl. Geopelia, 1. - - 471

erythrina Bechst. Gallinula, 5. - - 599
erythrinus Pall. Carpodacus, 1. 384; App. 18
erythrocephala Linn. Amadina, 3. - - 369
Bonn, Anas, 10. - - 616

Gmel. jun. Branta, 1. - 620

Vieill. Coracia, 1. - - 321

Gmel. Hirundo, 23. - 58

Gould, Myzomela, 2. - 118

Linn. Pipra, 15. = - 274

var. Lath. Pipra, 16. - 274

Swains. Pyranga - App. 16

Vigors, Pyrrhula, 2. - 387

erythrocephalus Swains. Amblyramphus, 1. 348

Bodd. Capito, 1. - - 430
Gould, Harpactes, 2. = 72
Riipp. Hyphantornis, $0. - 351
Linn. Melanerpes, 1. 444;
App. 22
Gmel. Merops, 12, - 86
Gmel. Palzornis, 5. - 410
var. d. malaccensis, Gmel.
Paleornis, 10. - - 410
Vigors, Parus, 44, - - 192
Gmel. Ploceus, 21. - 353
Vieill, Psittacula, 1. - 422

Vigors, Pterocyclus, 1. - 226
Swains. Ptilonopus, 21. - 467

erythrofrons Less. Conurus, 35. = - 414
erythrogaster Becki. Centurus - App. 22
Licht. Conurus, 15. - - 413

Temm. Haleyon, 7. - 79; App. 4
Bodd. Hirundo, 7. - - 57

Bodd, Juida, 16. - - 327
Bodd, Laniarius, 9. - - 299
Swains. Laniarius, 3. - 298

Lath. Petrocia, 8. - 183; App. 8

Temm. Pitta, 22. - = 213

Vigors, Turdus, 28, - + 219

erythrogastra Shaw, Nectarinia, 1. « =, 97
Lath, Petrocia, 1. - - 183

Giildenst, Ruticilla, 3. - 180

erythrogenys Riipp. Drymeica, 38. - 163
Vigors. lerax, 3. - 21; App. 2

Less. Palzornis - App. 19

Vigors, Pomatorhinus, 2. 229;

App. 10

Selby, Tityra, 2. - - 253
erythrognathus Hartl. Phoenicophaus App. 22
erythrolophos Spiz, Pipra, 17. - - 274
erythrolophus Less. Cacatua,4, —- - 425
Vieill. Turacus, 4. 395; App. 18

erythromelas Vieill. Ardea, 42. - - 556
Vieill. Laimodon,1. - ~ 428

Gmel, Pitylus, 3. - - 362

Vieill, Pyranga, 1. - - 364

erythromelon Vieil/. Colius, 4. 393; App. 18
erythronota Lath. Diceum, 9. 4 - 100

Vieill. Estrelda, 10. - - 368

Steph. Megalophonus, 10, - 382

Eversm. Ruticilla - App. 8
erythronotus Vieill, Brachypternus, 2, 441;
App. 22

INDEX OF

SPECIFIC NAMES. 77

Page

erythronotus King, Buteo, 9. - - 12
Vigors. Lanius, 14. - - 290

Jerd, Lanius - App. 14

Swains. Lessonia, 1. - - 201

Merr. Lessonia - App. 9

Cuv. Megalaima, 28. - - 430

Swains. Nectarinia, 14. - 97

Kuhl, Platyeereus, 29. - 408

Less. Polytmus, 78. - - 109

Kuhl, Psittacula - App. 20

Blyth, Timalia - App. 10
erythrophrys Temm. Calornis,5 - = 327
Blyth, Fringilla, 5. - - 371

Swains. Turtur, 5. - - 472
erythrophthalma Linn. Pipilo, 1. - - 360
erythrophthalmos Gray, Gallophasis,8. - 498
Raffi. Gallophasis, 7. 498 ;

App. 24

erythrophthalmus Pr. Maz. Anabates, 9. 138 ;

Suppl. App. 30, a.
Wils. Coceyzus, 2. - 457
Licht. Troglodytes, 46. - 158

erythropis Vieill. Pyranga, 6. - - 364
erythrops Vieill. Chloronerpes, 5. - - 443
Gould, Climacteris, 3. 145; App. 7

Cuv. Dryocopus, 6. - 435;

Suppl. App. 30 ¢

King, Graculus, 18. - - 667

Hartl. Ploceus, 25. = - 353
erythroptera Gould, Athene, 4. - 34; App. 3
Jard, Drymoica Suppl. App. 30a

Less. Estrelda, 36. - - 369

Jard, & Selby, Euspiza, 4. - 376

Temm. Fringillaria, 5. 378 ;

App. 17

Gmel, Juida, 27. - = ey

Jerd. Mirafra - - App. 18

Gmel. Peristera,7. 476; App. 24

Blyth, Timalia - App. 10
erythropterus Gould, Lichenops, 1. - 242
Gmel. Melittophagus, 1. - 86

Kuhl, Platycereus, 24. - 408

Lath, Platycereus, 23. 408 ;

App. 19

Vigors, Pteruthius, 1. - 270

Shaw, Telophorus, 1. - 292

erythropus Linn. Anser, 3. 607; App. 27
Gmel. Ardea, 37. - - 556

Gmel. Bernicla, 2. - - 607

Gmel. Colius, 2. 393; App. 18

Swains, Coracia, 1. - - 321

Gmel. Larus, 19. - - 654

Steph. Porphyrio - App. 27
erythropygia Lath. Diceum, 10. - - 100
Sykes, Hirundo, 11. - Se days

Less. Piaya, 7. - - 457

Sykes, Saxicola, 29. - - 179

Jerd. ‘Tephrodornis, 3. - 290
erythropygius Viezll. Colius, 2. - - 393
Blyth, Pastor, 8. - = REE:

Jerd. Pericrocotus, 10. 282; App. 13

erythropygos Ehrenb. Capito, 11. - - 430
erythropygus Gould, Pteroglossus, 15. - 404
erythrorhyncha Gmel. Anas,14. 616; App. 28
Stanl. Buphaga, 2. - 332

Sykes, Coturnix, 10. - 507

Less. Euspiza, 9. - - 376

Gould, Halcyon, 7. - 79

Cuv, Piaya, 5. - - 457

Vigors, Psilorhinus App. 14

Eyton, Querquedula, 9, - 616

Pr. Max. Sterna, 33. - 659

Less. Sula, 4. - - 666

Swains. Vidua, 2. - - 355

Less. Zanclostomus, 1. - 460
erythrorhynchos Temm. Buceros, 34. 400 ;
App. 19

Lath. Irrisor, 1. - - 90

Lath. Nectarinia, 80. - 98

Gmel. Ramphastos, 1. - 403

erythrorhynchus Swains, Accipiter, 16. - 29

Swains. Carpornis, 5. - 279
Gould, Geronticus Suppl. App.

30 ¢
Swains. Pauxi, 2. - 487

Page

erythrorhynehus Gmel. Pelecanus, 4. - 668
Swains. Pitylus, 13. - 362

Bodd. Psilorhinus, 4. - 308

Swains. Ptilopachus, 1. - 505

A. Smith, Textor, 2. + 350

erythrosoma Wagl. Ramphastos, 12. - 403
erythrothorax Less. Diceum, 7. - - 100
Meyen, Columbina, 4. - 474

Vieill. Nectarinia, 75. - 98

Temm. Peristera, 6. - - 476

erythrotis Vieill. Meliphaga, 2. - - 121
Wagl. Platycercus, 31. - - 408

Jard, § Selby, Tachyphonus, 18. 365;

App. 16

erythrurus Kuhl, Chrysotis, 12. - - 422
Licht. Myiobius - App. 11

Pr. Maz. Psittacula, 6. - 423

Less. Thamnobia, 3. - - 185

euchrysea Gosse, Hirundo - App. 4

Eschscholtzii J. Geoffr. & Less. Thinocorus, 1. 521
esculenta Linn. Collocalia, 1. - =D

estella D’ Orb. & Lafr. Oreotrochilus, 1. - 104
eucharis Boure. § Muls. Trochilus Suppl. App.
30a

euchlorus Forst. Coriphilus, 3. - - 417
eugnathos Wagl. Ramphastos, 5. - - 403
eunomus Temm. Turdus, 31. 219; App. 10
euops Wagl. Conurus, 26. - = - 414
eupatria Gmel, Palzornis, 1. - - 409
euphrosiz Less. Dacelo, 6. = - 78
euptilotus Jard. & Selby, Pyenonotus, 11. - 237
europxa Gould, Bonasa, 2. - - 517
Swains, Coturnix, 1. - - 507

Swains. Emberiza, 24. - - 377

Less. Hematopus 1. - - 547

Cuv. Pica, 1. - - - 314

Vieill. Pyrrhula, 1. - - 387

Dum. Recurvirostra - App. 26

Less. Secolopax - - App. 26

Linn. Sitta, 1. - 147; App. 7

var. sibirica Pall. Sitta, 3. - 147

Steph. Ticiodroma, 1. —- - 145
europzus Less, Bubo, 1. - - = 37
Linn. Caprimulgus, 1. - a

Selby, Coecothraustes, 1. - 358

Less. Coracia, 1. - = - 321

Lath. Cursorius, 1. - = 37

Less. Ephialtes, 1. - - 88

Landb. Himantopus - App. 26

Steph. Hydrobata, 1. - - 215

Steph. Nycticorax, 1. - 1558

Vieill, Aidicnemus, 1. - - 535

Steph. Otus, 1. - - - 40

Less. Picoides, 1. - - 434

Cuv. Troglodytes, 1. - - 158
europogistus Daud. Circus, 1. - - 32
eurycercus Hay, Centropus - App 22
eurynomus Less. Phetornis, 5. - - 104
euryptera Lodd. Polytmus, 83. - - 109
euryura Miill. & Schl. Rhipidura, $2. ~ 259
euryzona Temm. Alcedo, 3. - - 81
Temm. Corethrura, 2. - - 595

euteles Temm. Coriphilus, 8. 417; App. 20
eutolmus Hodgs. lerax - =- 21; App.2
evi Less. Drepanis, 2. - - - 96
Ewingii Gould, Acanthiza, 11. - - 189
Gould, Ptilonopus, 5. - - 466

exalbus Gmel. Celeus, 3. - - - 440
exaratus Temm. Buceros, 26. - - 400
excalfactoria Temm. Coturnix, 14, - - 507
excubitor Frankl. Lanius, 10. - - 290
Linn. Lanius, 1. - - 290

Wils. Lanius, 5. - - - 290
excubitorides Swains. Lanius, 7. - - 290
exilis Temm. Accipiter, 3. - - 29
Gmel. Ardea, 42, - 556; App. 25

Less. Caprimulgus, 39. - - 48

Lath. Drymoica, 52. - - 164

Gmel. Mellisuga, 98. = - 113
Temm. Ortygometra, 12. = - 593
Temm. Parus, 47. = - - 192
Licht. Picumnus, 3. - 432; App. 21
Temm. Picumnus, 2. - - 432
Tschudi, Sterna, 32. - 659; App. 29
eximia Horsf, Nectarinia, 63. - - 98

Page

eximia Temm. Nectarinia, 54. - - 98
Boiss. Tanagra, 20. - - 365
eximius Riipp. Caprimulgus, 8. - - 47
Temm. Myiobius, 60. - - 249

Shaw, Platycereus, 7. 408; App. 19

exortis Fras. Mellisuga, 75. - - 113
explorator Vieill. Saxicola, 28. 179; App. 8
Vieill. Turdus, 104. - - 220

exulans Linn. Diomedea, 1. 650; App. 29
exustus Temm. Pterocles, 7. - - 519
Eytoni Gould, Dendrocygna, 7. —- - 612
fabialata Less. Embernagra, 1, - - 361
Fabricii Brehm, Larus, 2. ~ - 654
facialis Tschudi, Ortygometra, 16. - 594
feetens Jiliger, Cathartes, 1. - 6; App.1
feetidus Linn. Gymnoderus, 1. - - 319
faiostriata Temm. Megalaima, 20. - - 429
falcata Gmel. Drepanis, 3. - - 96
Gould, Pachycephala, 10. 271; App. 13

Pall. Querquedula, 4. - - 616
faleatus, Swains. Polytmus, 3. - - 107
falcinella Pall. Tringa, 16. - - 579
falcinellus Linn. Ibis, 4. - 565; App. 26
Pr. Bonap. Ibis, 5. - - 565

falcirostra Lath. Loxia, 3. - - 388
falcirostris Spix, Dendrocolaptes, 2. - 140
Temm. Spermophila, 1. - - 386

faleularius Vieill, Xiphorhynchus, 2. 140; App. 6

falklandicus Gmel. Attagis, 3. - - 520
Lath. Charadrius, 40. - 544

Quoy & Gaim. Turdus, 52. - 219

fallax Boure. Polytmus, 55. - - 108
familiaris Ménétr. 7.don, 2. - - 173
Swains. Andropadus, 1, - - 236

Linn. Certhia, i. 143; App. 7

Blyth, Erythacus, 1. - - 182

Kittl. Tora, 5. - - - 199

Horsf, Prinia, 1. - - 162

Steph. Saxicola - - App. 8

Boie, Tadorna, 1. - - 613

famosa Linn. Nectarinia, 25. - - 98
Fannyi Lafr. Calliste - - App. 17

Boure. & De Lattr. Hylocharis, 20. - 114

farinosus Bodd. Chrysotis, 3. - - 422
fasciata Gmel. Amadina, 1. - - 369
Vieill. Aquila, 9. = - 14

Gmel. Atticora, 1. + = 53

Vieill. Campephaga, 10. - =) 283

Gmel, juv. Chettusia, 1]. - - 541

Say, Columba, 13. 470; App. 23

Raf. Corethrura, 2. - - 595

Gmel. Emberiza, 28. - =e

Swains. Formicivora, 17, = - 212

Gould, Glyciphila, 3. - - 119

Shaw, Malacorhynehus, 1. - 618

Vieill. Nothura, 3. - - 525

D? Orb. § Lafr. Pipra, 28. - 274

Bonn. Procellaria, 7. - - 648

Licht. Tanagra, 16. 365; App. 16,17

Such, Tigrisoma, 1. - - 556

Gmel. Zonotrichia, 2. - = 373
fasciatoventris Lafr. Troglodytes, 40. - 158
fasciatum O Des Murs, Syrnium Supp. App.
30a

fasciatus Vig. & Horsf. Accipiter, 13. - 29
Shaw, Buceros, 28. - - 400

Vieill, Buteo, 1. - - = Bl

Lath. Chloronerpes, 6. 443; App. 22

Spiz, Conurus, 23. - - 414

C. W. Smith, Eudynamys, 1. - 464

Forst. Eudynamys - App. 23

Swains. Furnarius, 7. - - 132
M:Clell, Gallophasis, 12. - - 498
B Lath. Harpactes, 5. - Sey fa!
Penn, Harpactes, 2. - - 71
Temm. Harpactes, 4. - - 71
Spix, Ibycter, 3. - - 9
Natt. Ortyx, 13. - - - 514
Gamb, Parus, 39. 192; App. 9
Steph. Ploceus, 13. - - 352
Shaw, Polytmus, 10. - - 107
Scop. Pterocles, 6. - - 518
Spix, Rhynchotis, 1. - - 525

Page

fasciatus Swains. Thamnophilus, 3. - 297
Retz. Tinnunculus, 1. - |

Temm. Turnix, 14. - - 511

fascicans Lath, Myiagra, 7 261; App. 12

fasciculatus Lath. Moho, 1. ss = 106
fasciolata Spix, Crax, 1. “ - ~ 486
Smith, Drymoica, 28. - - 163
fasciolatus Miill. §& Schl. Cuculus, 13. - 463
fastuosa Less, Calliste, 20. - - 366
Less, Cyanecula, 2. - - 182

Less, Pipra, 4. - - - 274
fastuosus Shaw, Spizactus, 1. - = (4
faustus Linn. Garrulax, 3. - ~ 225
fedoa Linn, Limosa, 5. - 570; App. 26
Feldeggii Sch/. Falco - - App. 2
Michael, Motacilla, 13. - - 20S

Felicia Less, Leiotbrix - - App. 12

Less, Pterocyclus, 5. - - 296

Less. Schizorhis, 5. = - 395
feliciana Less, Hylocharis, 27. - - 114
felivox Vieill, Mimus, 15. - - 221

22; App.2
20; App. 2

femoralis Spix, Harpagus, 1.
Temm. Hypotriorchis, 13.

Tschudi, Ortygometra, 17. - 594

Tschudi, Pteroptochos — - App. 7

fera Briss. Anas, 1. - ~ - 615
ferina Linn. Nyroca, 1. - 621; App. 28
Wils. Nyroca, 2. - - - 621
ferinoides Bartl. Nyroca = - - App. 28
fernandensis King, Mellisuga, 95, - - 113
Fernandine Vigors, Colaptes, 5. - - 446
ferox Vieill. Athene, 14. - - - $35
Gmel. Circaétus, 2. - - - 16

A. Smith, Eupodotis, 14. - - 533
Gmel. Myiobius, 4. - 248; App. 11

Less. Thrasaétus, 1, - - 15
ferrea Hodgs. Saxicola . - App. 8
ferreorostris Vigors, Coccothraustes, 8. - 358
Ferreti Guer. Tchitrea, 14. - - 260
ferroensis Briss. Harelda, 1. - 622
ferrugiceps Hodgs. Enneoctonus, 4. - 291
ferrugilatus Hodgs. Pomatorhinus App. 10
ferruginea Von der Mulh, Alauda, 10. - 380
Sparm. Amadina, 40. - - 370

Pr. Max. Athene, 17. - - 35
Gmel. Corethrura, 24. -
Less. Dasycephala, 4.
Eyton, Erismatura, 3.
Temm. Formicivora, 6.

208; App. 9
627; App. 28
212; App. 9

Hodgs. Hemichelidon, 2, 262

Pall. Limosa, 3. - - 570

Swains. Myiobius, 22. - - 249

Forst. Nycticorax, 5. - - 558

Gould, Piaya, 6. - ~ 457

Vieill. Sylvia, 5. - - 174

Forst. Treron - - App. 23

Briinn. Tringa, 16. - - 579

Meyer & Wolf. Tringa, 1. - 579

Gmel. Zonotrichia, 21. = - 374
ferrugineicollis Vieill, Macroramphus App. 26
ferrugineocauda Vieill. Buteo, 6. - - li
ferrugineoventris Less. Turdus, 28, - 219
ferrugineum Blyth, Malacopteron, 5. - 209
ferrugineus Licht. Archibuteo, 3. - - 12
Fras. Archibuteo, 3. - =p,

Gmel. Gallus, 1. - - 499

Lafr. Megalophonus - App. 18

Linn. Muscivora - App. 12

Less. Myiobius, 70. - - 249

Lundahl. Parus Suppl. App. 30 b

Bechst. Perisoreus, 3. - - 306

Gmel. Platyrhynchus, 8. - 256

Vigors, Rollulus,2. = 507

Wils. Scolecophagus, 1. 340; App.13

Act. Par. Thamnophilus, 1, - 297

Swains. Thamnophilus, 18, - 289

Pr. Wied. Turdus, 57. - - 219
ferruginolentus Pr. Maz. Anabates,12. - 138
ferus Gesn. Anser, 1. - - - 607
Ray, Cygnus, 4. - 610; App. 27
fervida Gmel. Pratincola, 3. . - 179
festiva Shaw, Calliste, 2. - - - 366
festivus Bodd, Chrysocolaptes - App. 21
Linn. Chrysotis, 1. - - 422

Licht, Mellisuga, 90. - - 113

INDEX OF

SPECIFIC

NAMES.

Page
fiber Linn. Sula, 6. - - - 666
ficedula Gmel. Muscicapa, 2. - - 262
fidelis Vieill, Chauna, 1. - - - 591
figulus J/. Furnarius, 2. - - 132

filicauda Spix, Copurus, 1. 244; App. 11

Frank. Hirundo, 23. - - 58

Spix, Pipra, 5. - - - 274

filifera Steph. Hirundo, 23. - - 58
Less. Pipra, 5. - - - 274
fimbriata Merr. Datfila - - App. 27
Gmel. 'Topaza, 7. - - 110
fimbriatus Jerd. Campephaga, 32. - - 283
Temm. Campephaga, 33. - 283

Temm. Phalaropus, 3. - - 586

fingah Blyth, Dicrurus, 12. . - 287
Shaw, Dierurus, 8. - - 286
Finlaysoni Strickl. Pycnonotus, 6. - - 237

Fischeri Brandt, Somateria -

Fisquetii Lyd. & Souley, Pyenonotus, 21. - 237
fissicaudus Merr, Caprimulgus - App. 3
fissipes Linn. Hydrochelidon, 5. 660; App. 30
Pall. Hydrochelidon, 3. - - 660
fissirostra Kittl. Geositta, 1. - - 134
fistulans Bechst. Totanus, 20. - - 578
fistularis Briss. Mareca, 1. - - 614
Steph. Mareca, 1. - - 614

fitis Koch, Sylvia, 17. - - - 174
Fitzroyi King, Columba, 34. - ~ 470
flabellifera Gmel. Rhipidura, 1. - - 258
Vig. & Horsf. Rhipidura, 2. - 258

Gmel. Spermophila, 13. - - 386

Gould, Topaza, 8. - - 110
flabelliformis Lath. Cuculus, 38. 463; App. 23
flabellum Bodd. Spermophila, 13. - - 386
flagrans Mull. Harpactes - - App. 4
flamingo Sparr. Strobilophaga, 1. - - 387

flammatus Strickl. Formicarius, 23. 211; App. 9

flammea Retz. Carpodacus, 1. - - 384
Besehe, Fringilla, 2. - - 871

Linn, Strix, 1. - - - 41

Vigors & Horsf. Strix, 3. 41; App. 3

Wils. Strix,2. = E SO
flammeus Licht Dendrocolaptes, 9. - 140
Forst. Pericrocotus, 2. - - 282
flammiceps Temm. Myiobius. Suppl. App. 30 b
Temm. Oxyrhamphus, 1. - 138;

App. 6

Swains. Ploceus, 19. - 353

Bechst. Psittacus, 7. - 421

Temm. Saltator, 7. - - 363

Burt. Timalia - App. 10
flammifrons Lyell, Mellisuga, 93. - = 101}
flammigerus Jard. & Selby, Ramphopis, 6. 363
flammulata, Lafr. Dasycephala App. 9
flammulatus Less. Sittasomus, 2. - - 142
flava Lath. Calliste, 15. = 366; App. 17
Homb. & Jacq. Columba, 33. - « 470
Swains. Crithagra, 8. - - - 385
Blox. Drepanis, 4. - - =a96
Gould, Meliphaga, 7. - - - 122
Linn. Motaeilla, 13. - - - 203
Ray, Motacilla, 12. - - - 203
Vieill. Myiobius, 25. - - - 249
Gmel. Otocoris, 1. - - - 382
Eyton, Parus, 42. - -" - 192
Gmel. Tigrisoma, 2. - - - 556
Swains. Zosterops, 9. ~ - - 198
Horsf. Zosterops, 15. = - - 198
Meyen, Zosterops, 16. - . - 198
flaveola Linn. Certhiola, 1. = - 102
Linn. Fringilla, 31. - - 371

Pall, Motacilla, 13. - - 203

Temm. Motacilla, 12. - - 203

Lafr. Setophaga, 5. - - 265
flaveolus Gould, Criniger, 4. - - 236
Pr, Maz. Hylophilus, 3. - - 200

Gould, Platycereus, 3. - - 408

Blyth, Regulus, 10. - - 175
flavescens Gmel. Celeus, 1. - 440; App. 21
Gould, Fringilla, 33. - - 371

Gould, Meliphaga, 16. - = 122

Lodd, Mellisuga, 26. - - 112

Gould, Pardalotus - App. 13

Daud, Ploceus, 10. - - 352

Gmel, Sylvia, 41. - - 174

Page

flavicans Gmel. Alcedo, 16, - - 81
Lath, Celeus, 3. - - - 440

Vieill, Prinia, 6. - - - 163

Gmel, Merops, 23. - - 86
flavicapillus Naum. Regulus, 1. —- - 175
flayicauda Gmel. Setophaga, 1. - - 264
flavicaudatus Fras. Calothorax, 1, - - 110
flaviceps Wagl. Chrysomus, 3. - - 348
Vieill. Dieeeum, 14. - - 100

Swains. Hyphantornis, 7. - - 351

Swains. Ploceus, 4, - - 352

Swains. Seaphorhynehus, 2. - 246
flavicollaris Vigors, Palewornis, 5. - « 410
flavicollis Swains. Anthus, 33. - - 206
Lath. Ardea, 54. 556; App. 25

Pr. Bonap. Capito, 5. = - 430

Vieill. Chloronerpes, 7, - - 443

Swains. Eopsaltria, 1. - - 272

Gmel, Euspiza, 5. - - 376

Frankl. Fringilla, 51 - - 372

Swains. Indicator, 2. - - 451

Vieill. Meliphaga, 15. - - 122

M Clell. Mirafra, 3. - - 383

Gmel. Mniotilta, 16. - - 196

Gmel. Muscicapa, 59. = - 263

Vieill, Nemosia, 3. 366 ; App. 17

Swains. Pyenonotus, 39. - - 237

Hodgs. Yuhina, 3. - - 199

flavifrons Vieill. Centurus, 9. 442; App. 22
Herm. Chrysotis, 2. - - 422

Cuv. Megalaima, 10. - - 429

Gmel. Mniotilta, 43. - - 196

Gmel. Muscieapa, 49. 263; App. 12

Riipp. Psittaeus, 5. - - 421

Lafr. Vodirostrum - App. 12

Gmel. Vireo, 3. - - - 267
flavigaster Swains. Anthus, 34. - - 206
Eyton, Arachnothera, 5. - 99

Lath. Eopsaltria, 1. - - 272

Swains. Fringilla, 40. = - 371

Riipp. Fringillaria, 2. - - 378

Wagl. Icterus, 6. - 343

Swains. Muscicapa, 69. - - 263

Gould, Myiagra, 9. 261; App. 12

Swains. Picolaptes, 6. - - 140

Temm. Platycereus, 8. - - 408

Swains. Ptilonopus, 4, - - 466

Vieil], Xanthornus, 2. - - 344
flavigastra Vieill. Cotyle, 6. - - 60
G. R. Gray, Eopsaltria, 1. - 272

Lath. Eopsaltria - App. 13

Lath, Eopsaltria, 1. - = 272
flavigenys Swains. Arachnothera, 3. - 99
flayigula Bodd. Chloronerpes -. App. 22
Hodgs. Gecinus, 7. - - 488

Hartl. Hyphantornis, 32. = 351

Gould, Manorhina, 4. - - 127

Bodd. Megalaima, 14, - - 429

Gould, Meliphaga, 15. - - 122

Bodd. Psittacula, 14, - - 423

Swains. Zosterops, 1. - 198

flavigulus Gould, Faleunculus, 2. 294; App. 14
flavinucha Gould, Gecinus, 7. - - 438
flavinuchus Gould, Chrysotis,7. = - 422

2)’ Orb. & Lafr. Tachyphonus, 13. 365

flavipes Wagl. Centurus” - - App. 22
Blyth, Coturnix, 2. - - 507
Lafr. Hylophilus, 6. - - 260
Hodgs. Ketupa, 3. - - 38
Mey & Wolf. Larus, 6. - - 654
Swains. Myiagra, 3. - - 261
Gmel. Nectarinia, 1. - - 101
Gould, Platalea, 5. 559; App. 25
Swains. Sitta, 13. - - - 148

Gmel. Totanus, 8. -
Vieill. Turdus, 89.

573; App. 26
219; App 10

Sav. Vanellus, 5. - ~ - 541
flaviprymma Gould, Amadina, 50, - - 370
flavirhynchus Gould, Graculus, 23. - 667
flavirictus Strickl. Pyenonotus, 4. - - 237
flavirostris 4. Smith, Anas, 12. - - 616

Vieill. Anas, 19. 616; App. 28
Temm. Ardea, 15. - - 555
Vieill. Ardea, 39. - - 556
Swains. Arremon, 9. - - 361

INDEX OF

SPECIFIC NAMES.

79

Page

flavirostris Riipp. Buceros, 36. - - 400
Ehrenb. Caccabis - App. 24

Wagl. Columba, 18. - - 470

Linn. Fringilla, 52. - - 372

Vieill. Galbula, 5. - - 83

Swains. Gallinula - App. 27

Vig. & Horsf. Manorhina, 1. = 127

Horsf. Myiophonus, 1. - - 214

Gould, Paradoxornis, 1. - ~ 389

Brandt, Phaéton, 4. - - 663

Vieill. Phibalura, 1. - - 277

Gmel. Porphyrio, 10. - - 598

Gould, Procellaria, 25. - - 648

Blyth, Psilorhinus - App. 14

Spix, Psittacus, 10. - - 421

Fras. Pteroglossus, 7. = - 403

Vieill. Rhynchops, 4. 656; App. 29

Swains. Turdus, 114. - - 220

Swains. Zanclostomus, 2. - 460
flaviscapis Temm. Pteruthius, 2. - - 270
flaviscapulatus Riipp. Indicator, 7. - - 451
Riipp. Vidua, 7. - - 355

flavitorquis Shaw, Palzornis, 5. . - 410
flaviventer Spx, Conurus, 12. = - 413
D Orb. Daenis, 4. - - 102

Spix, Myiobius, 23. - - 249

Bodd. Ortygometra, 11. - 593

Hodgs. Tesia, 3 - - 156

Less. Tropidorhynehus, 10. - 125

flaviventris G. R. Gray, Acanthiza, 24. - 189
D’ Orb. & Lafr. quundmnivolay, 2 . 243
Vieill. Calliste, 21. - 366
Swains, Centurus, 4. 449 ; 5 aye. 22

Wagl. Conurus, 6. - - 413
Smith, Criniger, 7. - - 236
Gmel. Crithagra, 10. - - 385
Scop. Cuculus, 8. = - 463

De Lafr. Cyclorhis, 3.
Vieill. Fringillaria, 1.

293; App. 14
378; App. 17

Vieill. Melanerpes, 3. - - 444
Audub. Myiobius, 62. - - 249
Steph. Myiobius - App. 11

Vigors & Horsf. Platycereus, 8. - 408
Pr. Maz. Platyrhynehus, 15. - 256

Deless. Prinia, 2. - - 162
Tick. Pyenonotus, 13. - = DSi
Hodgs. Regulus, 15. - - 175
Vieill. Sylvia, 17. - - 174
flavocapilla Vieill. Hyphantornis, 13. - 351
flavocinetus Vigors, Oriolus, 20. 232; ee: 11
flavocinereus Cass. Pitylus Suppl App: 30 b
flavocristatus Lafr. Parus, 42. - 192
flavogularis Gould, Synallaxis, 21. - - 136

flavolivacea, Hodgs. Nemura, 1]. - - 181
Blyth, Sylvia, 26. - - 174

flavopectus Lafr. Arremon, 8. 1; App. 16
Lafr. Tachyphonus— - App. 17

flavoptera Vieill. Vidua, 8. - - 355
flavoscapulatus Ehrenb. Psittacus. App. 20
flavoviridis Riipp. Hyphantornis, 29. - 351
flavulus Hodgs. Pyenonotus, 24. - = 237
flavus Temm. Campephaga, 4. - 283
Gmel. Chrysomus, 3. 348; App. 16

Gmel. Cuculus, 7. - - - 463

Jerd. Cuculus, 10. - - - 463
Gmel. Oriolus, 3. = - - 232

Vieill. Pyranga, 4. - - - 364

Gmel. Saurophagus, 2. = - 246
Daud. Xanthornus, 13. - - 344
Flindersii Vig. §& Horsf. Eudynamys, 8. 464;
App. 23

Florentis Bourj. de St. Hil. Trichoglossus 12 - 411
Florescii Boure Polytmus, 20. - - 108
floridanus Say, Cyanocorax, 15. - - 307
Audub. Graculus, 14. — - - 667

Pr. Bonap. Totanus, 21. - 573
fluminea Gould, Ortygometra, 4. 593 App. 27

fluviatilis Meyer & Wolf, Calamodyta, 1 - 172
Naum. Calamodyta, 2. - - 172
Beehst. Charadrius, 15. - - 544

Gould, Hydrochelidon, 8. 660; App. 30

Sav, Pandion, 1. = mh aly
Br. Podiceps, 7. - - 633
fluvialis Naum. Sterna, 24. = - 659
fluvicola Swains. Tchitrea, 16. - - 260

Page

Foljambii Mont. Ortygometra, 9. - - 593
forcipatus Lath. Polytmus, 9. - - 107
forficata Swains. Gubernetes, 1. - - 244
Linn. Mellisuga, 49. - - 113

Thunb. Phibalura, 1. - - 277
forficatus Linn. Dicrurus, 5. = - 286
Gmel. Milvulus, 2 248; App. 11

Vieill. Nyetibius, 6. - - 46
formicivora Vieill. Saxicola, 20. - - 179
formicivorus Gmel. Formicarius, 3. - 211
Swains. Melanerpes, 5. - 444

formosa Vteill. Calliste, 15. - - 366
Lath, Estrelda - - - 369

Gould, Fringilla, 6. - - 371

Wils. Mniotilta, 21. - - 196

Swains. Psilorhinus, 2. - - 308

Georgi, Querquedula, 6. - - 616

Blyth, Sitta, 13. - “ - 148
formosus Lath, Ibycter, 1. - - 9
Lath, Pezoporus, 1 409; App. 19
Forskalii Gmel. Milvus, - - App. 2
Forsteri Temm. Megapodius, 7. = - 491
G. R. Gray, Aptenodytes, 1 - 642

Temm. Carpophaga, 17. - - 469

Wagl. Carpophaga - App. 23

Steph. Chionis - - App. 25

Jard. & Selby, Prion, 1. = - 649

Lath, Prion - - App. 29

A. Smith, Procellaria, 22. - 648

Desm. Ptilonopus, 1. - - 466
Forsterorum /agl. Hymenclaimus, 1. - 623
G. R. Gray, Petroica, 13 - 183

Wagl. Ramphastos, 3. - 403

fortipes Hodgs. Regulus, 18. - - 175
fortirostris Lafr. Coccothraustes, 5. - 358
Such, Dendrocolaptes, 7. - 140

fortis Gould, Athene, 31. - = - 86
Gould, Geospiza, 3. - - - 359
fowat Bonn. Geopelia, 2. - - 471
freenata Sparr. Fuligula, 3. - - 621
Wagl. Cursorius 3. - - 537
Francesii A. Smith, Accipiter, 19. - 29
Francie Bourc. & Muls. Polytmus, 87 109
Lath, Ptilonopus - Asa. 23
Francice Gmel. Collocalia - App. 4
franciscanus /serté, Ploceus, 17 - = 352
francolinus Linn. Francolinus, 1. - - 505
Franesii Leach, Uria, 5. - - - 645
Franklinii Blyth, Drymoica, 55. - - 164
Rich. & Sw. Larus, 22, - - 654

Blyth, Megalaima, 25. - - 439

Dougl. Tetrao, 3. - - 516

Sabine, 'Tetrao, 4. - - 516

Fraseri Strick/. Muscicapa, 9. = - 263
Jard, Nectarinia, 98. - - 99
fratercula Temm. Fratercula, 1. - - 637
fratereculus Less. Spermophila, 6. - 386
fregetta Sol. ‘Thalassidroma, 7. 648 ; Apne 29
var. Sol. Thalassidroma, 8. - 648

frenata Sparr. Fuligula, 3. - - 621
Mull Neetarinia, 56 - - 98
Tschudi, Starnenas, 3. 479; App. 24

Gamb, Sterna. Suppl ‘App: 30 ¢
frenatus Temm, Chetops, 1 - 217
Til, Cireus . App. 2

Ill, Gallinago, 15. 583; SPP: 26

Lath, Oidienemus, 5. 535

Tl. Palzornis, 3. - = 409

Vieill, Phalaropus, 3. - - 586
Fresnayanus D’ Orb. Formicarius, 16. - 211
fretensis King, Pterocyanea, 2. - - 617
freti Hudsonis, Briss. Botaurus, 4. - 557
Briss. Surnia, 1. - = 133

Freycineti Quoy & Gaim. Megapedius, 2. - 491
frigoris Selys. Longch. Parus, 32. - - 192
fringillaceus Gmel. Coriphilus, 3. - - 417
fringillago Pall. Parus, 1. - - 192
fringillaris Licht. Emberizoides, 1. - 360
Spix, Molothrus, 3. es - 346
fringillarius Ray, Accipiter, 1.14. - - 29
Drap. Terax, 2. - Bil
fringilloides Vigors, Accipiter, 4. - - 29
Lafr. Amadina, 18. - = 370:

Bote, Fringilla, 74. - - 372

Swains. Tachyphonus, 20. - 365

Page

frivolus Lath. Pomatorhinus, 8. 229; App. 11
frontale Riipp. Parisoma, 2. - 194
Bl. Ruticilla, 16. - - - 180
frontalis Say, Carpodacus, 5. ~ 884
Vieill. Chrysomus, 2. 348 ; App. 16

Vieill. Conurus, 23. = - 414
Tschudi, Embernagra - App. 16

Vieill. Estrelda, 16. - - 868

Daud. Faleo,13. - - 19; App. 2

Gould, Hirundo— - - App. 4

Quoy & Gaim. Hirundo, 9. - S57

Tschudi, Hylopbilus, 9. - - 200

Vieill. Larus, 8. - - - 654

Temm. Megalaima, 12. - - 429

Lafr. Myiobius - - App. 11

Lath. Nectarinia, 74. - - 98

Forst, Nilaus, 1. - - - 29]

Licht. Nyctale ~ - App. 3

Temm. Peristera, 4. - - 476

Lath. Polytmus, 58. = - 108

Swains. Pyrenestes, 2. - - 356

Vigors, Ruticilla, 10. 180; App. 8

Vig. & Horsf. Sericornis, 1. - 188

Horsf. Sitta, 12. - - - 148

G. R. Gray, Sterna, 17. - - 659

Licht. Synallaxis, 23. - - 136

Me. Clell. & Horsf. Temnurus, 9. - 310

Swains. Thamnobia, 5. = - 185
Quoy & Gaim. Thinornis, 3. - 545
frontata Less. Athene, 34. 35; Suppl. hewn 80a
Vigors, Conurus, 2. 413

frontatus Lath. Faleunculus, 1 294; App. 14
Gould, Hypotriorchis, 4. - - 20

frugilegus Linn. Corvus, 13. - - 315
Tschudi, Tanagra : App. 16

fruticeti Kitfl. Euspiza, 8. - - 376
Vieill. Sylvia, 9. - - 174
fruticola Horsf. Saxicola, 29. - = 179
fugax Horsf. Cuculus, 3. - - 463
fueata Pall. Emberiza, 7. - - 377
Temm. Hirundo, 41. - 58; App. 4
fuciphaga Thunb. Collocalia, 3. - - 55
fucosus Cuv. Aquila, 16. = - 14
fulgens Less. Cardinalis, 2. = - 358
Swains. Mellisuga, 2. - - 112
fulgidus Gould, Calurus, 4. - offi
Less. Calyptorhynchus, 11. - 426

Licht. Quiscalus, 12. - - 341

fulica Bodd. Heliornis, 1. =n - 634
fulicarius Bonn. Heliornis, 1, - - 634
Linn. Phalaropus, 1.. - 586

fulicata Linn. Thamnobia, 3. 185; ee: 8
Tick. Thamnobia - : App. 8
fuliginiceps D’ Orb. & Lafr. Synallaxis, 6. - 135
fuliginosa G’mel. Diomedea, 7 650; App. 29
Ill, Formicarius, 10. - 211

Gould, Geospiza, 5. - - 359

Hodgs. Hemichelidon, 1. - 262

Gmel, Myiobius, 28. - = 249

Shaw, Nectarinia, 20, = OS

Bechst. Oidemia, 3. - 625

Vigors & Horsf. Baepncennalace hai

Kuhl, Procellaria, 15. 648; App. 29
fuliginosa Less. Psilorhinus, 1. - - 308
Kuhl, Puffinus, 5. - - 647
Sol. Puffinus, 13. - - 647
Sparrm. Rhipidura, 6. — - - 258
Vigors, Ruticilla, 7. 180; App. 8

Gmel. Sterna, 14.
Gould, Strepera, 2.

659; App. 29
802; App. 14

Lafr. Synallaxis, 32. - - 136
Shaw, Syrnium, 2. ~ - 39
Gmel. Thalassidroma, 6. - 648
fuliginosus Less. Cinclodes, 3. - - 132
Vieill. Dendrocincla, 2. - - 14)

Vig. & Horsf. Calamanthus, 1. - 164

Hodgs. Enicurus, 2. - - 204
Brehm, Gymnorhina - App. 14
Gould, Hematopus, 8. = = brit |
Blyth, Hetxrornis, 9. - - 335
Gould, Larus, 12. - - 654
Temm. Megalorhynchus, 1. - 431
Sol. Puffinus, 5. - - 646
Strickl. Puffinus, 1. . - 646

D’ Orb. & Lafr. Thamnophilus, 24. 298

Page

fuliginosus Gould, Thamnophilus, 23. - 298
Gould, Totanus, 26, - - 573

Lath. Turdus, 72. - - 219
fuliginoventris ZZodgs. Regulus, 16. - 175
fuligiventer Hodgs. Niltava, 2. - - 264
fuligula Licht. Cotyle, 4. - - - 60
Linn, Fuligula, 1. - - 621

Wils. Fuligula, 2. - - 62)
Fullertoni ay, Batrachostomus, 3. - 45
fulva Forst. Athene, 28. - - = $5
Gmel. Cereba, 7. - - - 101
Sykes, Eupodotis, 18. - - 533
Vieill, Hirundo, 21, - 58; App. 4
Lath. Lessonia, 1. - - - 201
Gmel, Mniotilta, 63. - - - 197
Gmel. Nyroea, 7. - - - 621
Gmel. Rhynchops, 1. . - 656
fulvescens Gray, Aquila, 5. - mins
Vieill. Calamodyta, 16. - - 172

Strickl. Nemosia, 7. - - 366
fulvicapilla, Vieill. Drymoica, 11. - - 163
Swains. Mniotilta, $9. - 196

fulviceps, Lafr. & D’ Orb. Euspiza, 11. - 376
fulvicollis, Wagl. Treron, 2. 467; App. 23
fulvifrons, Lewin, Glyciphila, 1. - - 119
Hodgs. Suthora, 1. - - 193
fulvipennis, Swains. Juida, 25, - - 327
fulviseapus, /i/, Dendrobates, 1. 437; App. 21
fulviventer, Vierll. Haliaétus, 6.- - = iy,
fulviventris, Gould, Polytmus, 55. - - 108
Hodgs. Regulus, 17. - - 175

fulvus Linn. Aquila, 1. - - - 18
Vieill. Buteo, 6. - - = th

Cuv. Charadrius, 35. - - 544

Gmel. Charadrius, 3. - - 544

var. Lath. Charadrius, 4. - - 544

Gmel. Gyps. 1. - - 4 App. 1

Quoy & Gaim, Hemilophus, 6. - 439

Vieill. Morphnus, 1. - - - 15

Bodd, Neophron, 1. - - ~ 5

D Orb. & Lafr. Troglodytes, 11. - 15
fumidus Mull. & Schl. Turdus, 29. - 219
fumigata Licht. Dendrocinela, 2, - - 141
Guer. Muscicapa, 8. 263; App. 12

Boiss. Myiobius, 39. - - 249

fumigatus D’ Orb. § Lafr. Dendrobates App. 21

D’ Orb. & Lafr. Myiobius, 76. - 249

Temm. Troglodytes, 20. - - 158

Licht. Turdus, 54. - - 219

funebris, Licht. Formicivora . App. 9
funerea Linn. Nyctale, 1. - - - 40
Gmel. Surnia, 1. - - - 33

De Tarrag. Tiaris, 4. = - 375
funereus Shaw, Calyptorhynchus, 1. 426; App. 20
Riipp. Cireaetus, = App. 1

Valenc. Hemilophus - App. 21

fureata Lath. Paradisea, 6. - - 323
Temm. Strix, 12. - - - 41

Gmel. Thalassidroma, 4. - - 648

Spizx, Tyrannus, 9. - - - 247
furcatum Lafr. Todirostrum - App. 12
fureatus D’ Orb. & Lafr. Anthus, 13. - 206
Gmel. Dicrurus, 6. ~ - 286

Temm. Gallus, 4. - - - 499

Temm. Leiothrix. 1. - - 269

Stanley, Merops - - App. 5

Linn. Nauclerus, 1. - 25; App. 2

Cuv. Nyctibius, 6. - - - 46

Gmel. Polytmus, 61. - 108; App. 5

Xema - - App. 29

furcifer Vieill. Caprimulgus, 18. - 48; App. 3
Shaw, Polytmus, 63. - - 108

furvus Gmel. Troglodytes, 5. . - 158
fusca Gould, Acanthiza, 17. - - 189
Steph. Acanthylis, 3. - - - 55
Briss. Anois, 1. - - - 661
Gray, Aquila, 5. - - - 138
Blyth, Ardea, 11. ze - - 555
Lath. Ardea, 36. - - - 556
Vieill. Athene - Suppl. App. 30a
Briss. Ciconia, 2. - - - 561
Gould, Colluriocincla, 3. - - 295
Linn, Corethrura, 12. - - 595
Vieill. Cotinga, 15. - = - 279
Gmel. Dacelo, 1. - . - 78

INDEX OF

SPECIFIC NAMES.

fusca Audub. Diomedea, 7.

Hodgs. Drymoica, 62.
Gmel. Epimachus, 1. -
Vieill, Buphonia -
Blyth, Fringilla, 58. -
Linn. Gallinula, 1. -

Gmel. Glyciphila - Sup
Vieill. Grallaria, 1, -
Bodd. Haleyon, 12. -

Temm. Heterornis, 6.
Vieill. Loxia, 4. -
Gould, Meliphaga, 9.
Gmel. Monasa, 4. -
Gmel. Mniotilta, 64. -
Gmel Myiobius, 6. -
Bodd. Myiohbius -
Vieill. Nectarinia, 10. -
Linn. Oidemia, 3. -

Vigors & Horsf. Pachycephala, 3.

Gould, Petroica, 7. -
Gmel. Phalaropus, 2. -

Swains. Pipilo, 8. -
Vieill. Progne, 6. -
Vieill. Ptilopachus, 1.
Forst. Scopus -
Vieill. Sula, 7. -
Less. Tatare - -

Gmel. Totanus, 5. -
fuscata Vieill. Amadina, 7.
Vieill. Geronticus, 18.
Blyth, Sylvia, 23. -
Gmel. Sylvia, 30. -
fuseater D’ Orb. & Lafr. Turdus, 6
fuscatra Lafr. Grallaria, 12.
fuscatus Linn. Anous, 9. -
Illig. Ara, 10. -
Less. Lanius -
fuscatus Pr. Max. Myiobius, 32.
Pall. 'Turdus, 22.
Vieill. Turdus, 50.
fuscescens Viezll. Corethrura, 26.
Riipp. Dendrobates, 2.
Vieill. Dendrobates, 1.
Vieill. Graculus, 33.
Vieill. Laimodon, 5.
Gmel. Muscicapa, 40.
Vieill. Pontoaetus
Temm. & Schl. Syrnium,
Shaw, Turdus, 45.
fuscicapilla Vieill. Formicarius, 1.
fuseicapillus Lafr. Haleyon, 4.
Vieill Psittacus, 22.
fuscicaudata Fras. Hylocharis, 26.
fuscicollis Vieill. Ardea, 49.
Vieill. Corvus -
Vieill. Eurystomus, 1.
Steph. Graculus, 4.
Gmel. Mniotilta, 56.
Kuhl, Psittacus, 7.
Vieill. Tringa, 9.
fuscipes Gmel. Formicivora, 25.

fuseiventris Bodd. Spermophila, 36

fuscoater Mey. Milvus, 2. -
fuseoeapilla Lafr. Myiobius, 41.
fuscocapillus Viei/l. Totanus, 8.
fuscocinereus Lafr. Lipangus, 3.
fuscofulvus Bodd. Ploceus
fusconota Fras. Nigrita, 2.
fucosus Cuv. Aquila, 16. -
fuseoventris Frankl. Rhipidura, 12

Jerd. Rhipidura, 11.
fuscus Gmel. Accipiter, 4. -
Vieill, Anthus, 19. -
Gould, Aplonis, 2. -
Vieill. Aquila -
Valenc, Artamus, 6.
Vieill, Artamus, 3. -
Vieill. Buteo, 7. -
Lath. Charadrius, 42.
Vieill. Dendrocolaptes, 18.
Vieill. Drymoiea, 12.
Linn. Ibis, 1. -
Linn, Larus, 6. -
Lath. Mergus, 3. -

Suppl. App. 3

- 248

Suppl. App. 30 b

= 97

625; App. 28
aii)
183; App. 8
586
- - 360
59
= - 505
App. 25

666; App. 30
- App. 8
- 573

369
566
174
174
219
213
661
- 412
- App. 14
- - 249
219; App. 10

Ls -

= - 421
579; App. 26
212

- 386
- - 249
-- - 573
- - 240

F 259 ;

fuscus Gmel. Molotbrus, 1.
Bodd. Myiobius, 28.
Gmel. Neophron, 1.
Dubus, Ocydromus -
Lath, Oidienemus -
Vieill, Parus,18. =
Linn. Pelecanus, 8.
Vieill. Perisoreus, 2.
Gmel. Platyrhynehus, 9.
Vieill. Platyrbynehus, 1.
Gould, Pteroptochus, 5.
Gray, Ptilopachus, 1.
Pr. Max. Sclerurus, 1,
Vieill. Spizaétus, 3.
Briss. Stercorarius, 4,
Gmel. Sturnus, 5. -
Vieill. Topaza, 4. ~
Briss. Votanus, 5. -
Vieill. Xenops -

gabar Daud. Accipiter, 16.
Gaimardii D’ Orb Elania, 22.
Garn. Graculus, 17.
Less. Tehitrea, 5.
gala Bodd, Tanygnathus, 2.
galactodes Temm. Adon, 1.

Vig. & Horsf. Megalurus, 4, -

galapagoensis Gould, Buteo, 12.
Gould, Otus, 4.
Gould, Zenaida, 2.
galatea Mol. Ardea
galbula Linn. Galbula, 1. -
Riipp. Hyphantornis, 12.
Linn. Oriolus, 1.
galbuloides, Gould, Oriolus
galeata Bodd. Dicrurus, 5. -
Less. Elania
Spix, Fluvicola, 8. -

Page

- - 346
- - 249
- ae 10
- App. 27
- App. 25
- - 192
- - 668
- - 306
- - 256
- - 256
- - 155
- - 505
- - 210
14; App. 1
- - 653
- - 337
- - 110
573; App. 26
: App. 7
- - 29
- - 250
- - 667
- - 259
- - 420
- 173

169

- = 12
- - 40

475; App. 24

Suppl. App. 30 ¢

- 83
- - 351
232; App. 11
- App. 11
- - 286

Suppl. App. 30 b

- 242

Pr. Max. Gallinula, 8. - - 599

Pall. Numida, 1. - - - 501

Lath. Pauxi, 1. = - - 487

Licht. Pipra, 29. - - - 274

Licht. Tachyphonus, 6. - - 365
galeatus Gmel. Buceros, 17. - - 399
Lath Calyptorhynchus, 10 496 ;

App. 20

Vieill, Casuarius, }. - ~ 528

Natt. Dryocopus, 5. - - 436

Bodd. Fuscarthmus, 10. = 25
galericulata Linn. Aix, 2. - - 614
Cuv. Lophocitta, 1. - - 305

Licht, Pheetusa, 2. - ~- 660
galericulatus Shaw, Falco, 13. -. - 19
Temm. Vultur, 3. - = AS

galerita Pall. Alauda, 8. - - - 380
Lath. Cacatua, 6. - 425; App. 20

Mol, Mellisuga, 93. - - 113
galeritus Temm. Buecros, 12. - - 399
lil. Diplopterus - - App. 22

galgulus Linn. Psittacula, 14. 423; App. 20
Galinieri Guer. Parisoma, 2. - - 194
gallicus Gme/. Circaétus, 1. 16; App. 1

Gmel. Cursorius, 1. ~
gallinacea Wagl. Chettusia, 3.
Dumont, Gallinago, 1.
Temm. Parra, 14.
gallinaceus Lath. Dilophus, 1.
gallinago Horsf. Gallinago, 10.
Linn. Gallinago, 2
Wils. Gallinago, 5.
gallinarius Gmel. Astur, 1.
gallinarum Brehm, Astur, 1.
gallinula Linn. Gallinago, 4.
gallinuloides King, Fulica, 4.
gallopavo Linn. Meleagris, 1.
gallorum Less. Gallus, 1. -
gallus Wagl. Calenas, 1. -
Gmel. Gallus, 1. -
Scop. Gallus, 5. -
Gambelii Nutt. Zonotrichia, 5.
gambensis Licht. Laniarius, 17.
Linn. Plectropterus, 1.

Ogilby, Serpentarius, 1.

537; App. 25
541; App. 29
- - 583

INDEX OF

SPECIFIC

NAMES.

81

Page

gambetta Gmel, Totanus, 4. - - 573
gambieranus Less. Lanius - APP p- 14
gampsorhynchus Jard. & Selby, Ebyllemsis 2 124
ganeesa Syhes, Hypsipetes, 3 - 238
gangetica Blyth, Alauda, 4. = - 380
gangeticus Shaw, Tantalus, 2. = - 564
ganta Forst. Bernicla, 4. - = - 607
Gardeni Gmel. Nycticorax, 2. - - 558
Gardneri Hardw. Ithaginis, 1 - 504
Audub. Picus, 24. 435; App. 21
gariepensis 4. Smith, Francolinus, 13. - 505
Garnotii Less. Pelecanoides, 3. - - 646
Homb. § Jacq. Procellaria, 24. - 648

garrula Smith, Certhilauda - App. 18
Linn. Coracias, 1. - - - 62

Lath. Manorhina, 2. 127; App. 6

Humb. Ortalida, 6. - - 485

Koch, Sylvia, 7. = - - 174
garrulus Linn. Ampelis, 1. - - 278
Linn. Lorius, §. - - - 416

Swains. Synallaxis, 23. - - 136

garuda Less. Haliastur, 1. - - 18
garzetta Linn. Ardea, 22. - = - 555
Gasqueti Quoy & Gaim. Leistes, 1 - 348
Gaudichaudii Quoy & Gaim, Dacelo, 4 FS}
gavia Pall. Rissa, 1. . - - 655
Licht. Vanellus, 1. - - - 541
Gayii J. Geoffr. et Less, Attagis, 1 - 520
Boure. & Muls. @alotioraxe2 110

Eyd. & Gerv. Euspiza

Suppl. App. 30¢

Gebleri Brandt, Fringilla, 64. - 372
gelastes Licht. Larus, 26. - 654; nas 29
gelastis Temm. Turtur, 2. ~ - - 472
gelida Gmel. Procellaria, 11. - - 648
Genei Breme, Larus, 26. - - - 654
genibarbis Swains. Ptilogonys, 5. - - 281
Swains. Troglodytes, 35. - 158

Til Xenops - - App. 7

Swains. Xenops - App. 7

gentilis Linn, Astur, 1 - - - Q7
Geoffroyanus Vieill. Psittaeula, 13. - 423
Geoffroyi Wagl. Charadrius, 20. - - 544
Pucher. Glareola - App. 25

Temm. Peristera, 2. = - 476

ODes Murs, Philepitta, 2 214;

App. 9

Kuhl, Psittacula, 13. - - 423

Temm. Cultrides, 1. - - 455

Boure. & Muls. Polytmus, 31. - 108

Less. Pomatorhinus, 13. - 299

Vieill. Prionops, 1. - = 292

Georgica Gmel. Anas, 8. - - - 616
Georgii Vigors, Larus, 8. - - 654
Georgiana Quoy & Gaim. Hopaalttin Lo 13
Lath. Zonotrichia, 25. - - 374
Georgine Bourc, Polytmus, 89. ~ - - 109
Gerini Lath. Psittacus, 25. - - 421
Ghiesbreghtii Dubus, Buteo, 18. - = 19
gibberifrons Mull. & Schl. Mareea. 5. - 614
gibbosa Gould, Diomedea, 9. - - 650
gibbus Bechst. Cygnus, 1. - - - 610
gibraltaricus Gmel. Turnix, 2. - - 510
gibraltariensis Gmel. Ruticilla, 2. - - 180
Gibsoni Lodd. Mellisuga, 81. - - 113
gigantea V, Hass. Acanthylis, 5. - = 55
Swains. Ceryle, 4. - - 82

Lath Dacelo, 1. - - - 78

Eyd. & Souley, Fuliea, 10. - 600

Natt. Gallinago, 22. - - 5&3

Gmel. Grus, 2. = - » 552

Gmel. Procellaria, 1. 648; App. 29

Rejf. Treron - - App. 23
giganteus Temm. Argus, 1 496; App. 24
Pr. Bonap, Aramus - App. 27

Pr, Bonap. Arremon, 5. ~- - 361

Vieill. Centropus, 12. < - 455

Temm. Gallus, 8 - 494

D’ Orb, & Lafr. Hylocharis, NE 118)

Benich. Larus, 1. - 654

Temm. Larus - - App. 29

Lieht. QEdienemus, 6. 535; App. 25

Vieill. Turacus, 7. - - 395

gigas Spix, Aramides, 3. - = - 594
Licht. Aramus - - App. 27
Ranz. Carpophaga- - - App. 23

Page

gigas Cuv. Centropus, 12. - - - 455
Bodd, Coua, 1. = - - 454
Bodd. Dacelo, 1. - = =n Ss
Gould, Harpactes, 10. - 5 afl
Vieill, Harpactes, 10. - a yl
Vieill. Hylocharis, 1, - - 114
Lath. Microglossum, 1. - - 424
Blyth, Pitta, 4. = - - 213
Temm. Pitta, 1. - - = 218
Swains. Thamnophilus, 6. — - - 297
Steph. Turacus, 7. - - - 395
Fras. Turdus, 56. - = 219
Gilbertii Gould, Pachycephala, 19. ‘271; hes 13
gilvicollis Vieill. Micrastur, 3. - - 28
gilvus Vieill, Mimus, 4. - - = 22)
Vieill. Vireo, 10. - = - 268
gingala Vieill. Buceros, 30. - - 400
gingalensis Shaw, Buceros, 30. - - 400
gingica Gmel. Perdix, 2. - - - 506
Gmel. Pyrrhulauda, 4. - - 381
ginginiana Lath. Hetzrornis, 4, & - 335
ginginianus Lath. Buceros, 27. = - 400

Daud. Neophron, 1. - >

var B Lath. Paleornis, 5. - 410

var. } Lath. Palzornis, 10. - 410

Giraudii Cass. Icterus - App. 15; Suppl.
App. 30, b.

Gironnierii Lyd. & Souley, Ierax, 6. = 21
girra Gray, Nettapus, 1. - - - 608
girrenera Vieil!. Haliastur, 1. - - 18
githaginea Licht. Carpodacus, 6. - - 384
giu Scop. Ephialtes, 1. - - - 38
glaber Shaw, Pteroglossus, 37. - - 404
glacialis Linn. Colymbus, 1. - - 631
Leach, FYratereula, 2. - - 637

Linn. Harelda, ty - 622; App. 28

Benich. Larus, 1. - - 654

Macgill. Larus, 3. - ~ 654

Briinn. Mergellus, 1. = - 629

Gmel. Phalaropus, 1. - - 586

Lath. Pleectrophanes, 1. - - 879

Linn. Procellaria, 2. 648; App. 29
glacialoides A. Smith, Procellaria, 3. 648; App. 29
gladiator Pr. Mar. Rhamphocenus, 2. - 157
glandarius Linn. Garrulus, 1 306; App. 14;

Suppl. App. 30 b

Linn. Oxylophus, 1. - - 464

glareola Forst. Charadrius, 5. - - 544
Linn. ‘Totanus, 3. 573; App. 26

Ord, Totanus, 7. - - 573

Pall, Tringa, 1. » - - 579
glareoloides Hodgs. Totanus - App. 26
glauca Vieill. Ava, 12. - 412; App. 19
Cab. Setophaga - - App. 12

Sparr. Tanagra, 5. 364; App. 16
glaucina Temm. Myiophonus, 4. - - 214
glaucion Linn. Clangula, |. - ~ 622

Pall. Nyroca, 4. 621; App. 28
glauco-cerulea D’ Orb. & Lafr. Spermophila, 15.

386
glaucogularis Tschudi, Capito - App. 21
glaucoides Temm. Larus, 3. - - 654
glaueopis Merr. Buteo, 1. - - ill
Forst. Charadrius, 3. - - 544
Gmel. Polytmus, 58. - - 108
glaucopoides D’ Orb. § Lafr. Belytitus, 59. 108
glaucotes Meyen, Larus, 28. - 654
glaueura Gould, Pachycephala, 20. - 271
glaucus Benich. Larus, 4. - - es
Briin. Larus, 1. - 654; Aspe?

glaux Sav. Athene, 1. - §
globicera Forst. Carpophaga, 2. —- - 468
var. Forst. Carpophaga App. 23
Linn. Crax, 2. - - - 486
var. Lath. Crax, 3. - - 486
globulosa Spix, Crax, 3. = - - 486

glocitans Gmel. Querquedula, 7. - - 616
Pall. Querquedula, 6. - -

Licht, Trogon, 16. - = YO

glomata Less. Hylocharis, 2. - - 114
gloriosus Shaw, Platycereus, 1. - - 408
glottis Meyer, ‘-imosa, 5, < = 570
Linn. Totanus, 20. - - 573

Pall. Totanus. 20. - - - 573
glottoides Vigors, Totanus, 22. - - 573

Page

Gmelini Lath. Nyroca, 4. - - 621
gnatho Licht. Pitylus, 13. - - 362
gnoma Wagl, Athene, 35. - - 35
goalpariensis Royle, Nectarinia, 61. - 98
goensis Gmel. Chettusia, 2. - 541
Gmel. Chrysocolaptes, 3. 436; App. 21
goertans Gmel. Dendrobates, 10. - - 437
goiavier Scop. Pyenonotus, 28, - - 237
goisagi Temm. Nycticorax, 9. - - 558
goliath Temm. Ardea, 10. - - 555
Kiihl, Microglossum, 1. - - 424
gonocephala Wagl. Geronticus, 4. - 566
Goodenovii Vig. § Horsf. Petroica, 5. - 183
gorfua Bonn. Eudyptes, 1. - - 641
goruck Shaw, Anthochzra, 1. - - 122
Goudotii Less. Ortalida, 14. - - 485
Bourc. Polytmus, 68. - - 108

Gouldiz Gould, Amadina, 30. - - 370
Gray, Caleenas, 2. 478; has 24

Vigors, Nectarinia, 65. - - 98

Gouldii Fras. Anthus, 30. 206; App. 9
Swains. Harpactes - App. 4

Lodd. Mellisuga, 51. 87. - - 113

G. R. Gray, Neomorpha, 1. - 98

Kaup, Pandion = = App. 1

G. R. Gray, Podager, 3. - - 52

Natt. Pteroglossus, 19. - - 404
Reichenb. Sterna - - App. 29

Gourdini Homb. & Jacq. Pyenonotus, 22. - 237
govinda Sykes, Milvus, 3. 24; App. 2
Gracei G. R. Gray, Caulodromus, 1. 144; App. 7

gracilirostris Strickl. Andropadus, 3 - 236
Steph. Picolaptes - App. 6

gracilis Blyth, Alauda, 5. - - - 380
Gould, Anois, 8. - - - 661

Temm. Buceros, 20. - - 399
Tschudi, Columbina, 5. 474; App. 24

Meyen, Graculus, 12. - - 667

Temm. Geranospiza, 1. - - 28

Gould, Mellisuga, 53. - - 113

Less. Picus - - App. 21

Lath. Podargus, 4 45; App. 3

Frankl. Prinia, 6. - : - 162

Jerd. Prinia, 7. = < - 162
M‘Clell. Sibia,3. = - - 238

Less. Tinnunculus, 2. 5 Js\es Be

Soph “hop. 80a

Swains. Tinnuneulus, 10. - 21
gracula Forst. Cinclodes, 1. : - 132
Linn. Coracia, 1. - - 321
graculina Shaw, Strepera, 1. 302; App. 14
graculus Temm. Coracia, 1. = - 321
Linn. Graculus, 6. - - 667

Temm. Graculus, 8. - - 667
graduacauda Less. Icterus, 8. S - 343
greca Briss. Caceabis, 2. - - - 508
grallaria Temm. Athene, 19. - - 35
Swains, Formicarius, 7. - - 211

Temm. Glareola, 5. - - 538

Lath. Grallaria, 1 - 213

Licht. Thalassidroma, 8. 648 ; ee 29

Vieill, Thalassidroma, 7 - 648

Less. Vanellus, 5. - - 541
grallarius Lath, CEdicnemus, 5. - - 535
grallator Leadb. Cursorius, 6. A - - 537
grallinaria Gmel. Gallinago, 2. - = 583
grallinarius Vieill. Cireus, 1. - =n oie
graminea Gimel, Zonotrichia, 3. - =) 373
gramineus Gmel. Eclectus, 6. - - 418
Gould, Megalurus, 3. - - 169

Gmel. Polytmus, 11. - - 108

grammica Say, Zonotrichia, 27. - - 374
grammiceps Temm. Macronus, 6. - - 210
grammicus Gosse, Otus. — - - anes 3
granadense LHartl. Todirostrum, 13. - 257
granadensis Lafr. Picumnus - REP: 21
Lafr. Pyroderus, 2. - $17

granatina Linn. Estrelda, 6. - - 568
Temm. Pitta, 6. - - - 213
granatinus Lath. Polytmus, 19. - - 108
granativora Ménétr. Euspiza, 1. = - 376
grandior Pall. Anthus, 6. - - - 206
grandis Blyth, Aleedo - - aes 5

Hodgs. Aquila, 9. - = nf:
Gmel. Bernicla, 16. - - 608

82

Page
grandis Gould, Dicrurus, 3. 286; App. 13
Blyth, Dierurus — - - App. 13
Gmel. Eclectus, 2. - - ~ 418
Storr, Gypaétus, 1, - - @2
Storr, Hyphantornis, 2. - - 351
Gmel, Jacamerops, 1. - - 84
Gmel. Megalaima, 1. - 429
Blyth, Niltava, 3. - 264; a 12
Gmel. Nyctibius, 1. - 46
Grantia M‘Clel/, Tiga, 3. - - - 441
Grayii Sykes, Ardea, 38. - - 556
De Lattr. & Boure, Eiviechavn $8. - 115
Pr, Bonap. Turdus, 60. - - 219
gregalis Licht. Sy cobius, 8. - - 352
gregaria Pall, Chettusia, 1. FeAinp: 25
gregarius Bechst. Limosa, 3. « - 570
Spix, Psittacula, 2. - - 422
gregicolus Hodgs. Hetzrornis, 4. - » 335
grenovicensis Lath, Philomachus, 1 - 578
Greyii G. R. Gray, Ardea - App. 25
Griffithii Blyth, Parus - - App. 9
grillivorus Barrow, Juida, 24, - - 327
grisauris /Todgs. Garrulax, 8. - - 225
grisea Bodd, Ardea, 49, - - - 556
Bechst. Calidris, 1. - - - 581
Less. Campephaga, 30. - - 283
Bodd. Cotinga, 4. - - - 279
Gmel. Coturnix, 5. - - - 507
Hodgs. Esacus, 1. - - - 535
Linn, Euphonia, 3. - ~ 367
Gmel. Formicivora - - App. 9
Horsf. Hydrochelidon, 6. - - 660
Gmel. Mniotilta Suppl. App. 30 b

Gmel. Muscicapa, 58. - - 262 |
Gmel. Pipra, 33, . > - 274
Bonn. Procellaria, 9. . - 648
Kuhl, Procellaria, 5, - - 648
Gmel. Puffinus, 1. - - 647
Scop. Pyrrhulauda, 4. - - 381
Gmel. Spermophila, 12. - - 386
Less. Sphecotheres, 3. - - 231
Vieill. Sylvia, 12. - 174
Gmel. Timalia, 9. - 208 ; eae 10
Briss. Totanus, 20. - - 573
Gmel. Tringa, 1. = ‘ - 579
grisegena Bodd. Podiceps, 4. - - 633
griseicapillus Vieill. Dendrocolaptes, 15. - 140
griseiceps Deless. Pterocyclus, 6. - - 226
griseicollis Lafr. Pteroptochos, 11. + 155
griseiventer Tschudi, Ptilogonys, 4. - 281
griseocapilla Bonn. Chalcophaps, 1. a) if
Vieill, Muscicapa, 32. - 263
griseocephalus Less. Conurus - App. 20
Rodd. Dendrobates, 3. 4373
App. 21
griseo-cristata Lafr. & D’ Orb. Euspiza, 13. 376
griseofrons Bourj.* St. Hil. Conurus App. 20
G. R. Gray, Corethrura, 27, - 595

griseogenys Blyth, Archibuteo, 5. - - 12
Gould, Fringilla, 71. - - 372
griseogularis Brandt, Caccabis, 7. - - 508
Gould, Eopsaltria, 2, 272; App. 13

griseola Spix, Chamzpelia, 3. - 475
Blyth, Sylvia, 25. - - - 174

Blyth, Tephrodornis, 6. - - 290
griseonucha Brandt, Fringilla, 66. - 372
griseopygius Gould, Totanus - App. 26
griseoventris Lafr. Spermophila, 20. - 385
griseum Scop. Diceum, 14. - - 100
Desm. Todirostrum, 4. - - 257

griseus Less Anabates, 19. - - 138
Lath. Buceros, 37. - - - 400

Gmel, Caprimulgus, 41. —- - 48

Vieill. Centurus, 1. - - 442

Vieill. Cereopsis = - - 606

Lath, Charadrius - - App. 25

Gmel. Circus, 1. - - - $1

Vieill. Cymindis - - App. 2

Jerd, Ephialtes - - App. 3

Nils, Eurinorhynehus, 1. - - 580

Spix, Formicivora, 1. - - 212
Swains. Furnarius, 5. = - 132

Daud. Hetzrornis, 4. - - 335

Horsf. Hetzrornis, 9. - 335

Gmel. Macroramphus, 1. 582; App. 26

INDEX

OF

SPECIFIC NAMES.

Page

griseus Bechst. Microglossum, 1. - - 424
Linn. Nycticorax, 1. - - 558

Koch, Oidienemus, 1. - - 535

Jard. Sittasomus =~ - App. 7

Tick. Tephrodornis - App. 13

Briss. Squatarola, 1. - - 543

Vieill. Tyrannus, 3. - - 247
grisola Linn. Muscicapa, 1. - - 262
groenlandicus Hane. Falco, 1. = = 19
grossus Linn. Pitylus, 1. - - - 362
grus Linn. Grus, 1. - - + 552
gryfaleo Schl. Falco, 1. - - 19; App. 2
grylle Linn. Uria, 1. - - - 645
gryllivora Daud. Acridotheres, 1. - - 335
grylloides Briinn. Uria, 1. - - - 645
gryphus Linn. Sarcoramphus, 1. - 6; App. 1
guadelupensis Lafr. Saltator - App. 16
guaranna Jil. Aramus - - App. 27
Wagl. Avamus” - - App. 27

Linn. Ibis, 5. - 565; App. 26
guarayanus D’ Orb. & Lafr. Troglodytes, 18. 158
guarouba Gmel. Conurus, 7. - 413
var Gmel. Conurus, 9. - - 413
guatemalensis Hartl. Campephilus, 6 - 436
Hartl. Sclerurus, 3. - - 210

guatimalensis F/. Prev. Grallaria, 5. - 213
guayaquilensis Less. Piecus - App. 21
guazu Vieill. Rhynchotis, 1. - - 525
gubernator Wagl. Agelaius, 3. 367; App. 15
gubernatrix Zemm. Gubernatrix, 1. - 378
Temm. Psilorhinus, 3. - 308

guebiensis var. Lath. Eclectus, 2. - - 418
guebiensis Scop. Eos. 3. - - - 417
guerza Cuv. Troglodytes, 12. - - 158

351
112; App. 5
188; App. 6

48; App. 3

Guerini G. R. Gray, Hyphantornis, 28. -
Boiss. Mellisuga, 30.
guianensis Gmel. Anabates, 1.
Gmel. Caprimulgus, 27.

Gmel, Conurus, 3. - - 413

Kuhl, Conurus, 2. - - 413

Gmel. Cyclorhis, 1 293; App. 14

Linn, Leistes, 2. - - 348

Gmel. Mellisuga, 96. - = 113

Daud. Morphnus, 3. - - 15

Gmel. Odontophorus, 1. - SOLS

Scop. Palzornis, 1. - - 409

Swains. Psittacula, 2. - - 423

Swains. Tityra, 4. . - 253

Linn. Turdus - Suppl. App. 306
Guildingii Viyors, Psittacus, 28. 421; App. 20
Guilleminii D’ Orb. Myiobius, 77. - 249
Guimeti Boure. & Muls. Hylocharis, 33. - 114
guinea Linn. Columba, 9, - - - 470
guineensis Bris. Anser, 8. - - - 607
Scop. Picus, 17. 435; App. 21

Mill. Psittacus, 2. - - 421

guinetta Pall. Totanus, 1. - - - 573
guira Gmel. Diplopterus, 1. 456; App. 22
Linn. Nemosia - - App. 17
guirahuro Vieill. Leistes, 1. - - 348
guirayetapa Vieill. Alectrurus, 2. - - 243
gulare Natt. Todirostrum, 11. 257; App. 11
gularis Temm. & Schl. Accipiter, 10. - 29
Valenc. Anabates, 8. - - 138

Bose, Ardea, 34. = =i" - 556

Lath. Astrapia, 1. - - - 326

Vieil/, Astrapia, 1. - - - 326

D’ Orb. & Lafr. Bueco, 8. = - 74
Sparrm, Czreba, 4. - - - 101

Quoy & Gaim. Carpophaga, 25. - 469

ee Chamepelia, 5. - - 475

agl. Charadrius, 10. - - 544

Hes Colius, 6. - - 393

Jard. & Selby, Corethrura, li. - 595
Fforsf. Criniger, 2. - - - 236
Swains. Criniger, 9. - - 236

Steph. Cuculus, 2. - - - 463

Steph. Cypselus, 3. - - = ap!

Lath. Dieeum, 1. - - - 100

Quoy & Gaim. Eopsaltria - App. 13

Cuv. Eulabeornis, 4. - - 595

Cuv. Eupodotis, 18. - - 533

Vieill. Eurystomus, 4. - - 62

Spiz, Formicarius, 9. - - 211

Temm. Francolinus, 6. - - 505

Page

gularis A. Smith, Fringilla, 61. - - 372
Horsf. Gallinula, 6. - - 599

Gray, Garrulus, 3. - - - 306

Temm. Gecinus, — = - App. 21

Kuhl, Maleyon, 13. . - 79

Licht. Jeterus, 12. - 343; App. 15
Temm. Megalaima, 7. = - 429

Jerd. Meiglyptes - - App. 22
Gould, Melithreptus, 7. - - 128

Shaw, Melittophagus, 6. « - 86

Lafr. Momotus, 11. - - 68

Mill. Mniotilta, 68. - - - 197
Temm. & Schl. Muscicapa, 6. - 263

Blyth, Muscieapa’ - - App. 12

Riipp. Nectarinea, 32. - - 98

Horsf. Paradoxornis, 3. - - 389

Less. Passer, 7. - - - 373

Gmel. Platyrhyneus, 10. ~ - 256

Gould, Podiceps, 11. - - 633

Lath. Polytmus, 11. - - 108

Vagl. Psophodes, 1. - - 129

Gould, Pycnonotus, 2. - ~ 237

Blyth, Pyenonotus - App. 11

Gray, Rallus, 12. - - « 593

Horsf. Rallus, 18. - - - 593

Mill. & Schl. Rhipidura, 30. - 259

Griff. Stipiturus, 1. - - - 166

Lafr. Synallaxis, 34. - - 136

Linn, Tanagra, 9. - 364; App. 16

Raffi. Tephrodornis - App. 14

Raffi. Timalia, 5. - : - 298
Hodgs. Yuhina, 1. - - - 199
gulgula Blyth, Alauda, 4. - - 380
Frankl. Alauda, 1. - - 380

Sykes, Alauda, 8. - : - 380

gurial Pears, Haleyon - - App. 4
guttacristata Tick, Chrysocolaptes App. 21
guttata Shaw, Amadina, 8. - - 370
Vieill. Amadina, 23. - - 370

Licht. Anas - - App. 28

Bodd. Ceryle, 4. - - - 82

Vigors, Ceryle, 2. - - - 82

Less. Kuphonia — - - App. 17

Meyen, Euspiza, 9. - - 376

Less. Formicivora, 23. - - 212

Menetr. Formicivora, 26. - - 212

Less. & Garn. Monarcha, 10. - 260

Vieill. Myzomela, 6. - - 118

Vieill. Nucifraga, 1. - - 313

Spix, Ortalida, 10. - - 485

Less. Picolaptes, 9. - - 140

Vieill, Spermospiza, 1. - - 356

Forst. Sterna, 14. - - =~ 659

Pall. Turdus, 43. - = - 219

Nutt. Zonotrichia, 10. - - 373
guttatus Vieill. Accipiter, 6. - 2)
Licht. Campethera - App. 21

Gould, Campylorhynehus, 5 I)

Spix, Chrysoptilus, 3 440; App. 22

Bodd. Chrysotis, 5. - - 422

Licht. Dendrocolaptes, 9. - 140

Vig. & Horsf. Eurostopodus, 2 50;

App. 4

Tschudi, Euspiza ~ - App. 17

Licht. Formicarius, 2!. - Sil!

Vieill. Formicarius, 14. - = Din)

G. R. Gray, Uypotriorchis, 3. - 20

Lafr. Megalophonus, 3. - - 382

Gould, Odontophorus, 4. - - 513

Less. Pitylus, 7. - - 362

Licht, Pterocles, 9. - - 519

Less. Pteroptochos, 19. - - 155

Temm. ‘Telophorus, 7. - - 292

Spix, Thamnophilus, 8. - - 297

Vieill,. Thamnophilus, 42. - 298

Vieill. Totanus, i6. - - 573

Vigors, Vurdus, 41. - - 219

Cab. Turdus - - App. 10

guttifer Erman. Totanus, 24. - - 573
guttulatus Wagl. Chrysoptilus - App. 22
Less. Ieterus—- - App. 15

Hartl. Troglodytes, 19. - - 158

Lafr. Troglodytes, 19. ~ 158

gutturalis D’ Orb. & Lafr. Anabates, 6 - 138
Smith, Ardea, 53. - - 556

INDEX OF

SPECIFIC NAMES.

Page

gutturalis Lafr. Arremon, 16. - - 361
Guer. Bessonornis, 8. - - 220
Linn, Czreba, 3. - - 101
Lafr. Campylorhynchus App. 7
Steph. Cypselus, 3. - =
Vieill. Cypselus, 3. - = 54
Eyd. & Gerv. Dasycephala, 5. - 208
Boie, Drymoiea, 3. - - 162
Lafr. Formicarius, 28. - - 211
Riipp. Francolinus, 14. - - 505

Valence. Hemilophus, 5. - - 439
Scop. Hirundo, 30. - 58; App. 4

Vigors, Hyphantornis, 6. - 351

Daud. Laniarius, 8. - - 298

Vig. & Horsf. Oreoica, 1. - 294

Lath. Pachycephala, 1. - Jil;

App. 13

Linn. Pipra, 14. - - 274

Smith, Pterocles, 11. - - 519

Licht. Spermophila, 58. - - 386

Less. Spermophila Suppl. App. 30 ¢
gutturatus D’ Orb. & Lafr. Anabates, 16. - 138
gutturosa Desm. Pipra, 10. - - 274
Guy Less, Nymphicus, 1. - - 407
Less. Pheetornis, 6. - = - 104

guzurata Lath. Orthotomus, 3. - - 162
gymnocephalus Temm. Cracticus, 7. - 300
D’ Orb. & Lafr. Ibyeter App. 1
Temm. Picathartes, 1. 316;
App. 15
gymnoderus Vieiil Gymnoderus, 1. = 319
gymnogenys Temm Polyboroides, 1. - 31
gymnophrys Kuhl, Sitta, 19. - - 148
gymno)-hthalmos Temm Columba, 6. 470;
App. 23
gymnops Wagl. Icterus, 2. - 1343
gymnostoma Wagl. Parra, 7. - - 589
gyrola Linn. Calliste, 5. - - - 366
Swains. Calliste, 6. - - 566
Pr. Maz. Calliste - - App. 17
gyroloides Lafr. Calliste - - App. 17
habesinica Ehrenb. Buphaga, 2. - - 332
habia Less, Tityra, 12. - = - 253
habroptilus G. R. Gray, Strigops, 1. 427;
App. 20
hematina Vieill, Spermospiza, 1. - - 356
hematodes Licht. Dasycephala - App. 9
hematodus Kuhl, Trichoglossus, 3. - 411
Linn. Yrichoglossus, 1. - 411
Vig. & Horsf. Trichoglossus, 3. 411

var. B & var. y Gmel. 'Trichoglos-
sus, 3. - - - 411
hematogaster Tschudi, Dryocopus, 7. 436;
App. 21
Gould, Platycercus, 15. 408 ;
App. 19
hamatonotus Gould, Platycercus, 14. 408 ;
App. 19
hematops Wagl. Laimodon, 4. - - 428
hematopus Macgill. Hematopus, 1. - 547
hematopygus Gould, Pteroglossus, 28. - 404
hematorhynechus King, Larus, 11. - 654
hematribon Wagl. Chrysocolaptes, 2. - 436
hemorrhoa Licht. Carpodacus, 5. - - 884
Gmel. Pipra, 37. - - 274
var. Gmel. Pyenonotus, 32. - 237
hzemorrhous Linn. Cacicus, 9. - - 342
Spix, Conurus, 1. - = 413
Gmel. Pyenonotus, 31. - 237
Horsf. Pyenonotus, 32. - 237
hzemosomus Wagl. Picus, 11. - - 435
hesitata Kuhl, Procellaria, 12. 648; App. 29
hagedash Sparr. Geronticus, 10, - - 566
haitii Record, Spermophila, 25. - - 386
haliaétus Linn. Pandion, 1, - - 17
Wils. Pandion, 1. - = 17
hamatus Jilig. Rostrhamus, 1. - 25; App. 2
hamburgia Gmel. Passer, 5. - - 373
Hamiltoni Gray, Gallophasis, 5. - - 498
Hardwickii Gray, Gallinago, 11. ~ - 583
Gray, Ithaginis, 1. - - 504

Hardwickii Gray, Ketupa, 1. - - 38
Vigors, Lanius, 18. 290; App. 14

Gray, Philomachus, 1. - 579
Jard. & Selby, Phyllornis,8. - 124
Jerd. Picus” - - App. 21
Gray, Polyplectron, 3. - - 495
Gray, Treron, 4, - - 467

Harlani dudub. Buteo, 6. - = = alt

harmonica Lath. Colluriocincla, 1. 295;
App. 14

harpe Forst. Hypotriorchis, 12. - - 20
harpyia Linn. Thrasaétus, 1. . =e
Harrisii Audub. Astur, 5. - - Si
Cassin, Cyanocorax - App. 14

Cass. Nyctale Suppl. App. 30 a

Audubt. Picus, 23. - - 435

Audub. Zonotrichia, 11. - - 373
Hartlaubii Lafr. Capito, 10. - - 430
Hasseltii Temm. Nectarinia, 49. - - 98
hastatus Cuv. Buceros, 32. - - 400
Less. Spizaétus, 12. 14; App. 1
Hastingsii Vigors, Ceriornis, 2. - - 499
havanensis Lath, Chrysotis, 15. 422; App. 20
Havelii Audub. Sterna, 22. - = 659
hawaiiensis Eyd. & Souley, Bernicla, 10. - 607
Hayii Gray, Megalorhynchus, 1. 431; App.21
Jerd, Mirafra - - App. 18
hebridicus Gmel. Podiceps, 7. = - 633
Helene Delatr. Mellisuga, 86. - - 113

heliaca Sav. Aquila, 2. - - - 13

helianthea Less. Mellisuga, 6. 112; App. 5
helias Pall. Eurypyga, 1. - - - 554
Heliodori Boure. Mellisuga, 66. —- - 113
helios Spiz, Mellisuga, 88. - - 113
heliosa Less. & Delatr. Mellisuga, 62. - 113
heliosylus Less. Botaurus, 7. - - 557
heliothrix T'schudi, Trogon - App. 4

helvetica Linn. Squatarola, 1. 543; App. 25
helviventris Cab. Elania Suppl. App. 30, b.
helvola Licht. Otus - - App. 3
hemidaetylus Temm. Geranospiza, 1. - 28
hemilasius Temm. & Schl. Archibuteo, 4, - 12

hemileucura Hodgs. Muscicapa App. 12
hemipodius Swains. Brachypternus, 1. - 441
hemiptilopus Blyth, Archibuteo, 5. - 12
hemispila Vigors, Nucifraga, 2. - - 313
Hemprichii Riipp. Dendrobates, 2. - 437

Ehrenb. Pratincola, 2. - 179
Henrica Less. & Delatr. Topaza, 9. - 110
Henrici Temm. Megalaima, 6. = - 429
Henslowi Audub. Ammodromus, 9. - 374

hepatica Swains. Pyranga, 2. - - 364

hepatiecus Sparrm. Cuculus, 1. - - 463
Hepburnii Gray, Francolinus, 1. - - 505
herbecola Tick. Circus - - App. 2
herbicola Vieill, Emberizoides, 1. - - 360
Hernandezii Wagl. Pelecanus, 8. - - 668
herodias Linn. Ardea, 4. - - - 555

herpetotheres G. R. Gray, Cachinna, 1. - 15

heteroclita Forst. Muscicapa - App. 12
Vieill, Syrrhaptes, 1. - - 519
heteroclites Quoy §& Gaim. Orthonyx, 2. - 151
Licht. Charadrius, 45. - - 544

Homb. & Jacq. Psittacus, 8. 421;

App. 20

heteropogon Boiss. Mellisuga, 28. - - 112

heterorhynehus Less. Drepanis, 6. - - 96

heterura Hodgs. Gallinago, 10. - - 583
hexagenus Cuv. Pyrrhocorax, 2. - - 320
Heyii Temm. Caccabis. 6. 508 ; App. 24
hiaticula Linn. Charadrius, 14. - - 544
hiaticuloides Frankl. Charadrius, 15. - 544
hiemalis Eversm. Gallinago - App. 26
Brehm, Procellaria, 2. - - 648

Hilarea Valenc. Rhynchza, 4. = - 585
himalayana Vigors, Certhia, 2. = - 143
Blyth, Certhia - - App. 7

Vigors, Eupodotis, 17. - - 533

Hodgs. Loxia, 5. 388; App. 18
himalayanus Blyth, Accentor, 2. - - 187
Vigors, Cuculus, 5. - - 463

Hutt. Gypaétus, 1. - - 2
Less. Palzornis, 9. - - 410
Jard, & Selby, Picus, 14. - 435

himalayensis Blyth, Loxia - =
Jard. & Selby, Sitta, 10.

G. R. Gray, Tetraogallus.
himantopus Pr. Bonap. Hemipalama, 1.

Rich. & Sw. Hemipalama, 2,

Gmel. Himantopus, 1.

Wils. Himantopus, 2. -
hina Lath. Querquedula, 11. =
hippocrepis Wagl. Oriolus, 4. 232;

Wagl. Pitta, 13. =

Wagl. Sturnella, 5. =
hippolais Linn. Sylvia, 15. -

Penn. Sylvia, 21. -
hirsuta Temm. Athene, 8. -
hirsutus Swains. Laimodon, 7. -

Vieill. Picoides, 3.

Gmel. Polytmus, 33. -
hirundinacea Less. Cypsnagra, 1. -

Pr. Bonap. Euphonia, 4,

Cuv. Sterna, 33. =

Temm. Tephrodornis, 4.

Swains. Tersa, 1. -
hirundinaceum Lath. Dicewum, 1. -
hirundinaceus Spiz, Caprimulgus, 33.

Gmel. Centurus, 10. 442 ;
Spix, Mellisuga, 68.

Vieill. Merops, 16. 86;
Spix, Muscivora, 3. -
Swains. Oriolus, 18.
hirundo Faber, Sterna, 34. -
Linn. Sterna, 24, - -
Wils. Sterna, 29. - -
hispaniolensis Temm. Passer, 4. -
Gmel, Vireo, 8. ”
var. Gmel. Vireo, 9.
hispidioides Less, Alcedo, 2. -
hispidus Gou/d, Phetornis, 14. -
histrio Shaw, Polytmus, 35. -
Bodd. Psittacus, 17. -
histrionica Linn. Clangula, 4. 622 ;
Gould, Phaps, 3. Sie

histrionicus Quoy & Gaim. Circus, 5.
Hodgsoni Blyth, Cochoa, 2. =
Vigors, Columba, 20,
Gould, Harpactes, 3,
Jerd. Hemilophus, 3. :
Bl. Motaceilla, 4. =i
Jard. Nectarinia, 66.
Swains. Oriolus, 8.
Math. Picus -
Blyth, Prinia, 7. -
Hoffmanseggii Cuv. Xenops -
hoho Less. Drepanis, 1. -
holosericea Temm. Tchitrea, 3.
holosericeus Scop. Amblyramphus,

Linn. Polytmus, 14.
Temm. Ptilonopus, 19.
Kiihl, Ptilonorhyneus, 1.

holospilus Viyors, Cireaétus, 9. -
homochroa Hodgs. Ruticilla, 15. -
homrai Hodgs. Buceros, 3. -
Hornemanii Holb. Fringilla, 57,
honoratus Linn. Eudynamys, 4. -
hornoticus Gmel. Faleo, 4.
Horsfieldii Temm Eurylaimus, 1.
Gray, Gallinago, 10. -
G. R. Gray, Gallophasis, 6.
Wagl. Hemilophus, 4. -
Gould, Mirafra -
Vigors, Myiophonus, 3.
Blyth, Nectarinia, 70, -
Sykes, Pomatorhinus, 3.
Suppl. A
Vigors, Spizaétus, 7. -
Jard. & Selby, Timalia, 6,
Sykes, Totanus, 23. -
hortensis Licht. Cotvle, 6. - =
Penn. Sylvia, 11.
Less. Troglodytes, 9.
hortulana Linn. Emberiza, 3.

Page
App. 18
148;
App. 7
- 503

- 578

- 578

- 577

- 577

- 616
App. 11
- 213
- 337

- 174
- 174
== (35

- 429

; App. 21

- 108
- 367
- 367
- 659

App. 22
- 113
App. 5
- 258
- 232
- 659
- 659

App. 11

- 162

84 INDEX OF SPECIFIC NAMES.

Page Page Page
hortulanus Koch, Fringilla, 33. . - 371 | hypoleuca Frankl. Timalia, 7, - - 228 | ignobilis Spix, Spermophila, 8. - - 386
hottentotta Zemm. Chameepelia — - - 475 Linn. Tringoides, 1. - - 574 ignotincta Hodgs. Leiothrix, 2. - - 269
A, Smith, Querquedula, 8. - 616 hypoleucos Pall. Circaétus, 2. é « 16 ignotus Bechst, Colymbus, 2. - - 691
Gmel. Saxicola, 24, - - 179 hypoleucus Gould, Falco, 7. - - 19 Briin. Parus, 50. - - 192
hottentottus Linn, Chibia, 1. - - 287 Brandt, Graculus, 22. - 667 ilathera Bonn. Dafila, 2. - - - 615
Temm, Turnix, 13. - - 511 Gould, Graculus, 21, °- - 667 iliaca Merr. Zonotrichia, 21. « - 974
houbara Gmel. Eupodotis, 19. - * = 533 Gould, Gymnorhina, 2, 302; App. 14 iliacus Linn. Turdus, 4, - a - 218
hua Less. Orthonyx, 2. - - - 151 Benn, Gypohierax, 1. - chee RT var. pallidus, Naum. Turdus, 5. - 218
hudsonia Forst. Fringilla, 76. . - $72 Gould, Polytmus, 56. - - 108 Tlligeri Kiih/. Ara, 10. - - - 412
Gmel, Surnia, 1. - = $8 Blyth, Pomatorbinus App. 10 illiniaea Briss. Conurus, 11. - - 413
hudsonias Linn, Ardea, 4. . - 555 | hypomelena G, R. Gray, Parra, 5. - 589 | imberbis Temm. Eurostopodus, 6. - 50
hudsonica Lath. Limosa, 6. - - 57 hypomelanus Pall. Squatarola, 1. - - 548 imbricata Wagl. Columba, 26. - - 470
Sabine, Pica, 4. - - $14 | hypophonicus Miill. §& Schl. Platycercus, 27. 408 | imbricatus Blyth, Pterocyclus, 9. - - 226
hudsonicus Linn. Circus, 1. - $i hypopolius Forst. Nestor, 1. - - 426 | imitatrix Vieill. Saxicola, 25. - - 179
Lath. Numenius, 13. 569 ; App. 26 | hypopyrrha Vieil/. Cotinga, 16. — - - 279 | immaculata Gould, Ardea, 24, - - 555
Mill. Parus, 31. - - 192 | hypopyrrhus Hartl. Laniarius, 15. - 299 Swains. Corethrura, 20. - 595
Gmel. Scolecophagus, 1. - 340 Vieill. Lipangus, 4. = - 240 | immaculatus Licht. Aramides, 8. 594; App. 27
hudsonius Gmel. Quiscalus, 1. « - 341 Hartl. Turdus, 34. - - 219 Swains. Dendrobates, 6. 437;
Hueti Temm. Psittacula, 4. 423; App.20 | hypoxantha Sparr, Crithagra,9. - - 385 App. 21
huhula Daud. Athene, 23. $5; App. 3 Bl. Rhipidura, 37. - - 259 Flodgs. Enicurus, 3. = - 204
Humboldtii Wagl. Pteroglossus, 11. - 404 | hypudea Pr. Bonap, Athene - App. 3 Lafr. Thamnophilus - App. 14
Meyen, Spheniscus, 8. - 640 | hysginis Forst. Platycereus, 28. = - 408 Brehm, Vinnuneulus - App. 2
humeralis Vigors, Agelaius, 8. - - 347 immer Linn. Colymbus, 1. - - 631
Smith, Bessonornis, 4, - - 220 immigratoria Hodgs. Leptoptilus, 3. - 561
Gould, Campephaga, 43. - 283 immutabilis Varr. Cygnus, 2. - - 610
Fras. Diglossa, 4. 137 ; App. 6 impennis Linn, Alea, 1. - - - 637
Bechst. Euphema, 3. - = 41) Ibis Cuv. Geronticus, 5. = - - 566 imperator Natt. Grallaria, 3. 213; App. 9
Temm. Geopelia, 1. 471; App. 23 Linn. Tantalus, 3. - - - 564 Kittl. Talisetus - App. 1
Stanl. Lanius, 34. - 291 | ichthyaétus Pall, Larus, 10. - - 654 | imperialis Bechst. Aquila, 2. - - 138
Vig. & Horsf. Podargus, 6. 45; App. 3 Horsf. Pontoaétus, 1. - 18 Gould, Campephilus 2. - - 436
Miill. & Schl. Querquedula, 13. 616 | ictera Vieill. Fringilla, 26. - - 371 King, Graculus, 19. - ~ 667
Wagl. Treron, 9. - - 467 icterica Eversm. Euspiza, 2. 376; App. 17 Gmel. Mergus, 6. - - 629
humeraloides Less. Campephaga - App. 13 Licht. Fringilla, 24. - - 371 Shaw, Thrasaétus, 1. = - 15
humicola Kittl. Synallaxis, 3. - - 135 Strickl. Prinia, 10. - - 162 Temm. Vultur. 2. - ner
humilis Gosse, Hylocharis, 16. - - 114 | ieteriecus Séricki, Criniger, 5. - - 236 | impetuani 4. Smith, Fringillaria 12. - 378
Miill. Pandion, 3. 17; App. 2 | icterina Vieill. Sylvia, 20. - - 174 | Impeyanus Lath. Lophophorus, 1. - 502
Gould, Sericornis, 2. - - 188 | ieterocephala Less. Chrysotis - App. 20 | importunus Vieill. Andropadus, 1. - 236
Temm. Turtur, 7. s - 472 Linn. Mniotilta, 13. - 196 | inauris Gould, Anthochera, 4. - - 122
Hutchinsii Richard. §& Swains, Bernicla, 14. 608; Less, Phyllornis, 2. - - 124 | inca Less, Anoiis, 6. - 661; App. 30
App. 27 Temm. Psittirostra, 1. - 389 Gould, Ramphastos” - - App. 19
Huttonii Blyth, Timalia - - App. 10 | icterocephalus Pr. Bonap. Agelaius,16. _- 347 | ineana Gmel. Mniotilta, 58. - - 196
hyacintha Temm, Niltava, 10. - - 264 Lath. Chloronerpes, 4. 443; | incanus Jard. & Selby, Phalaropus, 3. - 586
Tick. Niltava, 6. - - 264 App. 22 | incarnatus Gel. Palzornis, 8. - - 410
hyacinthina Lath, Ara, 11. 412; App. 19 var. Lath. Chloronerpes, 5. 443 Licht. Picus, 23. - - 435
hyacinthinus Spix, Ara, 13. - - 412 Linn, Chrysomus, 1. - 348 | incerta Risso, Fringilla, 41. - 371
Temm. Porphyrio, 1. - 598 Swains. Hyphantornis, 20, - 351 Shaw, Psittaeula Sunpli App. 30 e
hybernus Gmel, Larus, 14, - - 654 Lafr. Orthonyx, 2 - 151 incertus Vig. §& Horsf. Cuculus, 42. 463; APD: 23
hybrida Mol. Bernicla, 4. - - 607 Nutt. Mellisuga, 61. - 118 Lath, Pernis, 1. - 23
Pall, Hydrochelidon, 1. 660; App. 29 icteroides Vigors, Coccothraustes, 4. - 358 incinetus Gould, Haleyon, 34. - - 79
hybridus Linn, Tetrao, 2, - - - 516 | icteromelas Wagl. Picus - - App. 21 incompta Licht. Saxicola - App. 8
Merr. Agelaius - - App. 15 Vieill. Pyranga, 12. - - 364 | inconspicuus Wagl. Charadrius, 19. - 544
hyder Sykes, Poliornis, 1. - - 30 icteronotus Viei/l. Cacicus, 12. - - 342 inda Linn. Ceryle, 10. - - - 82
hydrocorax Linn. Buceros, 15. 399; App. 18 Pr. Bonap. Ramphopis, 8. 363; Licht. Passer, 6. - - = ehh
hydrogallina Less. Aramides, 1. = - 594 App. 16 | indiana Less. Limosa, 8. - -, - 570
hydrophilus Riipp. Buteo, 4. - - 11 | ieterophrys Vieill. Elania, 9. 250; App. 11 indica Gmel. Amadina, 2. - - - 369
hyemalis Wils. Buteo, 7. - - - il Lafr. Myiobius, 45. 249; App. 11 Frankl. Athene, 2. - - = 34
Pail. Clangula, 1. - - 622 Lafr. Saltator - App. 16 Gmel. Bernicla, 15. - - 608
Forst. Cotyle - - App. 4 | icterops Ménétr. Sylvia, 10. - - 174 Linn. Chaleophaps, 1. - - 477
Linn. Fringilla, 76. - - 372 | icteropus Vieill. Pyranga, 13. - - 364 Bodd. Chettusia, 2. - - 541
Linn. Harelda, 1. - - 622 icteropyga Dubus, Saltator - App. 16 Linn. Coracias, 3. - - 62; App. 4
D’ Orb. & Lafr. Troglodytes, 11. - 158 | icterotis Temm. Platycercus, 6. 408; App. 19 Gmel. Eos. 1. - - - 417
Vieill. Troglodytes, 3. - - 158 icterus Linn. Icterus, 1. - - - 343 Mill. Eupodotis, 18. - - 533
Gmel. Zonotrichia, 18. - - 374 Cuv. Laniarius, 10. - - 299 Gmel. Hirundo, 23 - = - 58
hylocharis Temm. & Schl. Muscicapa, 5. = 262 ictinus Sav. Milvus, 1. = - - 24 Steph. Fiydenaeenabh, Tes - 660
hylophzus Lath. Polytmus, 13. - - 108 | igata Quoy & Gaim. Acanthiza, 23. - - 189 Hay, Irena - App. 13
hylophila Temm. Athene, 27. - - $35 | ignescens /ess. Ramphopis, 5. - - 363 Gmel. Motacilla, 8. - 203; App. 9
hylophilum Temm. Syrnium, 11. - - 39 | igneus Gmel. Ibis, 4, : - 565 Gmel. Nectarinia, 90. - -

hyogaster Miill. & Schl. Accipiter, 10 - 29 Blyth, Pericrocotus Suppl App. 30 b Lath. Parra, 12. - 589; App. 26
Temm. Ptilonopus, 11. 466; App.23 | ignicapilla Wagl. Pipra - - App. 13 Blyth, Pratincola - - App. 8
hyperborea Pall, Emberiza, 13. - - 377 | ignicapillum Eyton, Diceum, 23. - - 100 Gmel. Psittacula, 17. - - 423
hyperboreus Pall. Anser, 7. 607; App. 27 | ignicapillus Brehm, Regulus, 2. - - 175 Jerd. Regulus, 5. - - - 175
D’ Orb. Cygnus - App. 27 | ignicauda Hodgs. Nectarinia, 67. - - 98 Gmel. Rhynchza, 1. - - 585

Linn. Phalaropus, 2 - 586 | igniceps Less. Turacus - - App. 18 Burt. Sitta - - - App. 7
hyperythra Blyth, Muscicapa - App. 12 | ignicolor Vieill. Ploceus, 17. - = $52 Steph. Tchitrea, 1. - - - 259
Blyth, Nemura - App. 8 | ignipalliatus J. OO: & D’ Orb. Pheenicop- Gray, Tephrodornis, 1. aeRO; App. 13

Frankl, Timalia, 8. - - 228 terus, 4. . 603 ; App: 27 | indicator Linn. Indicator, 1. - 451
hyperythrus Vigors, Picus, 13. - = 435 | ignipectus Hodgs. Decuty OLS a= 100 | indicus Less. Anastomus - . App. 26
hypochondria Lafr. §& D’ Orb. Euspiza,12. 376 | ignita Begbie, Diceum. 9. - - 100 Hodgs. Astur, 7. - - 2
hypochondriacus Licht, Chrysotis, 8. - 422 Erman, Juida, 9. - - - 327 Less. Baza, 1. - - = 29
hypoglaucus Gould, Pteroglossus, 9. - 403 | ignitus Gray, Gallophasis, 2. - - 498 Lath. Caprimulgus, 14. - - 48
hypogrammiea Miill. Nectarinia, 58. - 98 Shaw, Gallophasis, 1. - - 498 Jerd, Caprimulgus. - App. 3
hypoleuca Gould, Campephaga - App. 13 Vieill. Gallophasis, 2. - - 498 Lath. Colius, 8. - 393; App. 18
Pall. Hematopus, 1. - - 547 Hodgs. Megalaima, 25. - - 430 Gmel. Criniger, 5. - - 236

Licht. Spermophila, 41. - 386 Leadb. Platycercus, 4. - 408 Hodgs. Dicrurus, 21. 287; App. 13

Webb. & Berth. Thalassidroma,10, 648 | igniventris D’ Orb. & Lafr. ‘Tachyphonus, 17. 365 Steph. Dicrurus, 12. - - 287

INDEX OF SPECIFIC NAMES.

Page

indicus Lath. Eudynamys, 2 - - 464
Leach, Gallus, 5. - - - 499
Steph. Goura, 1. - - - 479
Cuv. Gracula, 2. - - 330
Scop. Gyps, 2. - - - 4
Temm. Gyps, 1. - - airy 4
Lath. Harpactes, 11. - - 71
Lath. Irrisor, 4. - 90; App. 5
Lath. Megalaima, 14. - - 429
Jerd. Oriolus. - - App. 11
Jard. & Selby, Passer, 6. - - 373
Sparrm. Pericrocotus, 7. - - 282
Gray, Philomachus, 1. - - 579
Gmel. Poliornis, 3. - - 30
Horsf. Porphyrio, 2 - - 598
Gmel. Pterocles, 6. - - 519
Shaw, Pteroglossus, 35. - - 404
Hodgs. Scolopax, 1 - - 584
cirrhatus, Ray, Spizaétus, 9. - 14
Hodgs. Sturnus, 1. - - 337
Gray, Tephbrodornis - App. 13
Bodd. Turdus, 79. - - 219
indigo Horsf. Niltava, 12. = - 264
Horsf. Niltava, 13. - - 264

indigoticus Pr. Max, Pteroptochos, 9. 155; App.7

indistinctus Vig. & Horsf. Melithreptus, 9

indranee Sykes, Syrnium, 6.
indus Bodd. Haliastur, 1.
ineptus Linn. Didus, 1. -
inexpectata Forst. Puffinus, 12.
infaustus Linn. Perisoreus, 1.
Gmel. Turdus, 99.

inflexirostris Swains. Quiscalus, 8.

infumatus Sundev. Corvus
infuseata Licht. Columba, 32.
A. Smith, Saxicola, 21.
Licht. Sterna, 15.
infuscatus Riipp. Caprimulgus, 6.
Licht. Geronticus, 16.
Shaw, Psittacus, 7
Lafr. Turdus, 67.
Blyth, Zanclostomus
inge Tschudi, Thinocorus, 4.
innominatus Burt. Picumnus, 11.
innotata Blyth, Tora, 4, —-
innotatus Blyth, Turdus -
inocellatum Cuv. Polyplectron, 5
inornata Gould, Acanthiza, 8
M*Clell. Arachnothera, 4
Temm. Arachnothera, 2
King, Bernicla, 6.
Gould, Cactornis, 3
Vigors, Columba, 31
Hodgs. Diceum, 21.
Blyth, Drymoica, 59.
Sykes, Drymoica, 60
Lafr. Fringilla, 73.
Gould, Meliphaga, 19.
Gould, Mellisuga, 34.
Garn, & Less. Monarcha,
Dubus, Monasa -
Gosse, Pterocyanea -
Gould, Pachycephala, 9
Vigors, Spermophila, 39.
Swains. Tanagra, 8
inornatus Gould, Charadrius
Less. Cinclodes, 7
inornatus Kuhl, Conurus, 11.
Jerd. Cotyle -

Vig. § Horsf. Cuculus, 40.

Swains. Hoplopterus, 4.

Lath. Melithreptus, 5

Vigors, Paleornis, 8.

Gamb. Parus, 34. -
' Fras. Pycnonotus, 18.

G. R. Gray, Tropidorhynchus, 11.

inquieta Riipp. Drymoica, 32.
Lath. Seisura, 1. -

inquisitor v. Olfers, Tityra, 2.

inscripta Wagl. Geophaps, 2

inscriptus Swains. Pteroglossus, 12.

inseulptus Dum. Buceros
insectivorus Spix, Astur, 11.

Tschudi, Mellisuga, 12.

128
39; App. 3
- 18

- - 482
- - 647
= - 306
- - 220

- - 179
- - 659

566; App. 26
- - 421
- - 219
App. 23

- - 521
- 432

607 ; App. 27
- - 359
470
100
164
164
372
122
112
Le - 260
App. 4

- App. 28
271; App. 1S
- 386

- - 364
- App. 25
182; App. 6
- - 413
- App. 4
463;
App. 23
- - 542
- - 128
- - 410
192; App. 9
- 237
125
- - 163
261; App. 12
- - 253
- - 478
- 404
- App. 19
- - 27

- 112

Page

insidiator Raff. Calornis, 1. - - 827
insignis Hodgs. Ardea, 9 - - 555
Hodgs. Carpophaga, 12. 408%; App. 23

Jard. Nectarinia, 68. 98

? Hodgs. Pratincola - jaa 8
insperatus Gould, Cuculus, 50. - - 463
insula St. Thome Briss. Podiceps, 16. - 633
intermedia Bonelli, Aquila, 9. - - 14
Wagl. Ardea, 17. E - 555

Strickl. Columba, 4 - - 470

Swains. Copsychus, 1. - - 177

Hay, Gracula - - App. 15

Riipp. Hyphantornis, 31. - 351

Blyth, Tiga - - App. 22
intermedius Naum. Anser, 4. - - 607
Blyth, Buceros - - App. 19

Blyth, Dicrurus - App. 13

Ménétr. Charadrius, 15. - 544

Less. Dicrurus, 2. - - 286

Cab. Formicarius - App. 9

Less. Pheztornis, 8. - - 104

Langsd. Tetrao, 2. - - 516
intermixtus Daud. Hypotriorchis, 10. - 20
interpres Audub. Cinclus, 2 - - 549
Linn. Cinclus, 1 549; App. 25

Kuhl, Turdus, 110. - - 220
interseapularis Licht. Troglodytes - App. 7
interstinctus M‘Clell. Tinnunculus, 3. - 21;
App. 2

intrepidus Vieill. Tyrannus, 1. - - 247
inundatus Temm. Synallaxis, 9. - - 135
involucratus Less. Tachyphonus, 23. - 365
involucris Viei/l. Ardea, 42. - - 556
iodeus Less. Nectarinia + - App. 4
iolatus Gould, Polytmus, 28. = - 108
iota Gmel. Cathartes, 1. = - =) 1G:
Mol. Cathartes, 2. - 6
ipecuturi Vieill. Querquedula, 9 616; is 28
irena Mull. Pitta, 11. - - 213
irenoides Hodys. Niltava - App. 12
iridina Hartl. Tanagrella, 2 - - 366
iris Temm. Coriphilus, 9. - 417; APP: 20
Gould, Pitta, 5. - - 213
Bonn, Polyplectron, 1. - - 495
Temm. Polyplectron, 3. ~ 495
irritabilis Vieill. Myiobius, 1 - - 248
irupero Vieill. Tznioptera, 4. - - 241
Isaacsoni Lafr. Hylocharis, 9. : - 114
isabella Boie, Calamodyta, 5 - 172
Vieill. Glareola, 5. - 538; App. 25
isabellina Lafr. Hyphantornis, 27. - 351
Temm. Mirafra, 6 - - 383

Riipp. Saxicola, 10. - = 179

Temm. Saxicola, 11. - - 179
isabellinus Temm. Caprimulexs, 7. - 47
Meyer, Cursorius, 1. - - 537

Swains. Megalurus, 2. - - 169

Swains. Timalia - App. 10

Swains. 'Tinnuneulus, 10. = Zi
ischnorhynchus Wagl. Centurus = - App. 22
Isidori O Des Murs, Circaétus, App. 1; Suppl
App. 80a

Less. Rhinortha, 1 - - 460
Swains. Eos, 6. - - - 417
islandica J. Fr. Gmel. Clangula,3. 622; App. 28
Faber. Fringilla, 34. - - 371

Retz. Tringa, 16. - - 579
islandicus Brehm, Cygnus, 5. - - 610
Briinn. Falco, 1 - - 19

Edmond. Larus, 3 - - 654

Gmel. Tringa, 1 - - 579
islandorum Faber, Lagopus, 7. = 517
ispida Linn, Aleedo, 1. - - - 81
isura Gould, Drymoica, 53. - -~ 164
isurus Gould, Milvus, 5. - - 24
Gould, Rhipidura, 15. 259; App. 12

italica Gmel. Alauda, 1. - = - 380
italicus Lath. Lanius, 11. - - 290
Vieill. Passer, 2. - - - 372

jaburu Spiz, Ciconia, 3. - - - 561
jacamirici Shaw, Jacamerops, 1. - - 84

jacana Linn. Parra, 1. -
jacapa Linn. Ramphopis, 1.
jaca-pemba Spix, Penelope, 8
jacarina Linn. Tiaris, 5. -
jacatinga Spix, Penelope, 1
jackal Daud. Buteo, 10. -
jacobinus Bodd. Oxylophus, 3
Jaequini Gmel. Thrasaétus, 1.
jacuacu Spir, Penelope, 6
jacucaca Spix, Penelope, 7
jacupema Mer. Penelope, 6.
jacu-pemba Spizx, Penelope, 7,
jagoensis Gould, Passer, 3.
jaquilma Mol. Conurus, 34.
Johannz Boure. Mellisuga, 20,
jaimacensis Gmel. Ortygometra, 6.
jala Bodd. Phylornis, 10. -
jalla Horsf. Sturnopastor, 2.
jamacaii Gmel. Icterus, 9,
jamaica Linn. Euphonia_ -
jamaicensis Gmel. Buteo, 6.
Gmel. Charadrius, 13.
Gmel. Corvus -
Gmel. Nyctibius, 3
Gmel. Nycticorax, 2.
Linn, Peristeva, 4.
Haril. Piaya -
Lafr, Saurothera
Linn, Sitta -
Briss. Turdus, 65.
Gmel. Turdus, 66.
jambu Gmel. Ptilonopus, 16.
Jamesoni Wils. Larus, 13.
Quoy et Gaim. Phaps, 4
janthina Temm. Carpophaga, 13.
janthinus Gmel. Eclectus, 2.
japacani Gmel. Donacobius, 1
japonensis Briss. Pavo, 2.

| japonica Siebold, Ampelis, 2

Briss. Grus -
japonicus Lath. Charmosyna, 1
Steph. Parus, 28.
Temm. & Schl. Zosterops

Jardinii Riipp. Campephaga, 15.
Gould, Circus, 11.
A. Smith, Corethrura, 29.
Swains. Crateropus, 12.
Vig. & Horsf. Petroica
Math. Picus -
Swains, ‘Tityra, 7.
jaspideus Merr. Caprimulgus
javana Bodd. Haleyon., 15.
Bodd. Querquedula, 5.
javanensis Horsf. Batrachostomus,
Less. Ketupa, 2.
Horsf. Megalaima, 8.
Bonn, Querquedula, 5
Lyngb. Tiga -
javanica Horsf. Ardea, 50 -
Temm. Chalcophaps, 2
Horsf. Dendroeygna, 4
Less. Ephialtes, 3
Horsf. Gallinula, 5.
Less. Gallinago” -
Shaw, Haleyon, 15.
Sparr. Hirundo, 4. -
Vig. & Horsf. Hirundo, 5

476; App. 24

App. 22
App. 22
App. 7
- 219

- 219

- 467

- 654

- 477

- 468

- 418

- 223

- 494

- 278
App 25
- 416

- 192
Suppl.
App. 30b
- 283

- 32; App. 2

Horsf. Hydrochelidon, 11.

Horsf. Limosa, 8.
Horsf. Mivrafra, 1
Horsf. Nectarinia, 95.
Swains. Nectarinia, 95.
Gmel. Perdix, 6. =
Sparrm. Rhipidura, 22.
Gmel. Strix, 5. -
Horsf. Sylvia, 24. -
Horsf. Zosterops, 21.
javanicus Shaw, Buceros, 18.
Gmel. Charmosyna, 1
Horsf. Eurylaimus, 1.
Horsf. Gallus, 4
Horsf. Graculus, 25.
Horsf. Leptoptilus, 3.
Horsf. Merops, 7.

- 595
- 294
App. 8.
App. 21

INDEX OF

Page

javanicus Osbeck, Paleornls, 12. ~« - 410
Horsf. Pavo, 2. - - - 494

Horsf. Pelecanus, 2. - - 668

Horsf. Turdus— - = App. 10

Horsf. Zanclostomus, 1. 460; App.22

javanus Vieill. Buceros, 18. - - 399
Cuv, Gracula, 1. - - - 330
javensis Sparrm. Amadina, 4. - - 369
Sparrm, Amadina, 17. - - 370

Horsf. Campephaga, 33, = - 283

Horsf. Hemilophus, 4. - - 439

Horsf. Phyllornis, 1 124
jendaya Gmel. Conurus, 10. 413; Aup, 19
Jerdoni Blyth, Baza - - App. 2

Hodgs. Caulodromus . App. 7

Blyth, Drymoica, 59. - - 164

Blyth, Sylvia, 12. . - 174

Blyth, Pernis, 3. - - 24; App. 2

Strichl, Treron, £ 467; App. 23

Blyth, 7 Bb 4 - 460

jewan Sykes, Hirundo, 1. - . = oT
joaziero Spix, Machetornis, 1. - - 245
jocosus Linn. Pyenonotus, 33. 237; App. 11
jodotis Less. Malacorhynchus - App. 28

jonquillaceus Viei/l. Platycercus, 9. - 408
Vieill. Ploceus, 9. - - 352

Josephine Boure. & Muls. 'Trochilus Suppl.
App. 30 a

jotaka Temm. & Schl. Caprimulgus, 11. = 47
jouchistos Hodgs. Parus, 45. - = 192
joudera Hodgs. Turnix, 6. - - 510
jounotus Hodgs, Lanius, 14. - - 290
Jourdani Bourc. Mellisuga, 65. - - 113
jubata Lath. Bernicla, 3. - - - 607
Wagl. Ptilonopus” - . App. 23
jubatus Vieill. Buceros - - App. 18
Lafr. Campephilus, 5. - - 436

Spix, Chenalopex, 4. 605; App. 27

jugger Gray, Falco, 8. - - - 19
jugularis Shaw, Amadina, 1, - - 369
Forst. Ardea, 33. 556; App. 25

Wagl. Charadrius, 8. - - 544

Pr. Max. Cotyle, 6. - - 60

Blyth, Meiglyptes - App. 22

Linn. Nectarinia, 55. - - 98

Linn. Polytmus, 19, - - 108

Licht. Saltator, 3. - - 363

Lath. Xanthornus, 12. - - 344

juida Bodd. Juida, 5. = - - 326
Julie Boure. Hylocharis, 24. - - 114
jumana Spizx, Celeus, 6. - - - 440
junceti Lath. Molothrus, 1. - - 346
junco Pall. Calamodyta, 19. - - 172
juncorum Gmel. Mniotilla, 54. - - 196
Nutt. Zonotrichia, 16. - - 373
kalipareus Less. Podiceps, 13. - - 533
Karelini Brandt, Gecinus, 2. - - 488
karu Less. Campephaga, 44. 283; App. 13
kassumba Raff. Harpactes, 5. 72; App. 4

- 485
- 371

katraca Bodd. Ortalida, 1. -
kawariba Temm. Fringilla, 10. -

kekuschka Gmel, Chaulelasmus, 1. - - 617
keptuschea Lepech. Chettusia, 1. - - 541
Keraudrenii Less. Phonygama, 2. - - 303

kerella Valenc. Brachypternus - App. 22
ketupa Horsf. Ketupa, 2. - - - 388
Kieneri Gerv. Spizaétus, 11. - - 14

Kingii Less. Mellisuga, 49. - - 113
Vigors, Mellisuga, 93. - - 113

G. R. Gray, Picus, 29. - - 435

kinki Bodd. Campephaga - - App. 13
kiolo Vieill. Corethura, 15. - - 595
kioloides Pucher. Gallinula - App. 27
Kirkii Malh. Chloronerpes, 13. 443; App. 22
kirrocephalus Less. Telophorus - App. 14
Kittlizii Brandt, Brachyrhamphus, 4. - 644
Temm. Carpophaga, 21. - * 469

klasii Levaill. Cuculus, 16. - - 463
klecho Raff. Macropteryx, 1. - - 54
Kleesi Tschudi, Tinamus, 16. 524; App. 25
knjaesck Gmel. Parus, 11. - - - 192
kogolka Gmel. Mareca, 1. - - 614

Page
Kolbii Daud. Gyps, 1. - - - 4
Kollyi Zemm. Alauda, 3. - - - 380
komadori Temm. Erythacus, 2. - - 182
kondea Raffl. Harpactes, 4. - 71; App. 4
kori Burch. Eupodotis, 1. - - 533
Korthalsii Temm. Treron, 16. - - 467
kotorea Temm. Megalaima, 8. - - 429
kroikocephalus James. Larus, 10. ~ - 654
Krynickii Kalense. Garrulus - App. 14

Kuhlii Vigors, Coriphilus, 5 417; App. 20
Temm. Nectarinia, 63. - - 98
kundoo Sykes, Oriolus, 2 232; App. 11

kurukuru Bonn. Ptilonopus, 1. - - 466
labarum Less, Tiga - - App. 22
labecula M‘Clell, Nectarinia, 71. - - 98
labeculatus Jard. Chordeiles, 4. - - 49
labradora Gmel. Camptolaimus, 1. 623; App. 28
labradoria Gmel. Fraterecula, 1. - - 637
labradorides Boiss. Calliste, 25. $66; App. 17
labradorius Gmel. Scoleecophagus, 1. - 340
labrosa Swains. Campephaga, 2. - - 283
lacernulata Temm. Carpophaga, 16. - 469
lacernulatus Temm. Buteo, 16. - - 12
lacertarius Pall, Pernis, 1. - = 3}
lachrymosus Dubus, ‘Vachyphonus App. 17
lacrymans, Lepy. Uria, 6. - - - 645
lactea Forst. Chionis, 1. - - - 522
Temm, Glareola, 6. - - - 538

Less. Hylocharis, 37. - - 114
lacteus Gmel. Accipiter, 1. - - 29
Temm. Bubo, 5. 37; Suppl. App. 30 a

Temm. Tantalus, 4. - - 564
lacustris Waum. Calamodyta, 19. - - 172
levigaster Gould, Acanthiza, 22. 189 ; App. 8
levirostra Swains. Crotophaga, 3. - - 458
Leach, Laimodon, 2. - - 428

lacteolus Pall. Uria, 1. s = - 645

499; App. 24;

Lafayettii Less, Gallus, 6
Suppl. App. 30 ¢

Lafresnayanus D' Orb. Xiphorhynehus App. 6
Lafresnayi Deles. Pterocyclus, 7. - - 226
Boiss, Diglossa, 4. 137; App. 6

FHlartl. Tora, 4. = - 199

Guer. Merops, 26. - - 86

Boiss. Calothorax, 1. - - 110

lagepa A. Smith, Megalophonus, 4. - 382
lagopoda Pall, Chelidon 1. - - 60
lagopus Brun. Archibuteo, 1, - = 12
Wils. Archibuteo, 2. - - 12

Linn, Lagopus, 3. - - 517

Retz. Lagopus, 2. - - 517

lahtora Sykes, Lanius, 10. - 290; App. 14
Lalandii A. Smith, Circus, 8. - =. BY
Lamarkii Vieill. Merops, 3 - 86; App. 5
Lambertii Vig. & Horsf. Malurus, 7. - 165
Lambruscehinii Pr. Bonap. Larus, 26. - 654
lamellicollis Lafr. Gerontieus, 3. - - 566

lamelligerus Temm. Anastomus, 2, 562; App. 26

lamellipennis Lafr. Cotinga, 6. —- - 279
Lamotti Baill. Gallinago - - App. 26
lamprauchen Wagl. Columba, 25. - - 470
lamprolophos Wagl. Irrisor, 6. rs - 90
lampronotus JVagl. Vanellus, 2. - - 541
lanarius Linn. Falco, 2. - 19; App. 2
Klein, Faleo - - App. 2

Temm. Falco - - App. 2

lanatus Linn. Gallus, 10. - - - 499
lanceolata Temm. Calamodyta, 10. - 172
Wagl. Pipra, 3. - - - 247

D’ Orb. & Lafr. Rhinoerypta, 1. 154
lanceolatus Mill. & Sch Cuculus, 14. - 463
Vigors, Garrulus, 3. - - 306

Gould, Melithreptus, 11. - 128

Temm. & Schl. Spizaétus App. 1

Langloisi Vieill. Eos, 7. - - - 417
Langsdorffii Vieill. Mellisuga, 68. - - 113
Wagl. Pteroglossus, 23. - 404

languida Ehrenb. Calamodyta, 26. - - 172
laniirostris D’ Orb. & Lafr. Euphonia, 17. - S67
lanioides Less. Lipangus, 6. - - 240
Gould, Pachycephala, 7 71; App.13
lanuginosus Briss. Somateria, 1. - - 624

SPECIFIC NAMES.

=—S—S—~=Ca=e=es_owe_eG<“_ 3737

Page

La Perousii Quoy & Gaim. Megapodius, 4. 491
lapis Less. Niltava, 14. - - - 264
Laplacei Lyd. & Gerv. Euphonia, 23. 867;
App. 17

lapponica Linn, Limosa, 3. - - 570
Retz. Syrnium, 2. - - 89
lapponicus Gmel. Lagopus, 2. - - 517
var. Wright. Parus Suppl. App.

30 b

Linn, Plectrophanes, 2. 379;

App. 17

largipennis Bodd. Polytmus, 1. - - 107
lariformis Linn. Hydrochelidon, 3 - 660
larvata Riipp. Amadina, 14. - - 370
Dubus, Calliste - - App. 17

Miill. & Schl. petits int 22. - 283

Wagl. Cyanocorax, 7. - 307

Shaw, Dilophus, 1. - - 336

Riipp. Hyphantornis, 3. - - 351

Temm. Peristera, 6. 476; App. 24

Bodd. Spiza, 8 = = - $75

Shaw, Syrnium - - App. 3
larvatus Zemm. Centurus - - App. 22
Less. Charadrius, 33. - - 544

Licht. Oriolus, 12. - - 232
lateralis 4. Smith, Chettusia, 7, - - 541
Licht. Corethrura, 7. - - 595

Fras. Drymoieca, 42. - - 163

Shaw, Eclectus, 4. - - 418

Gray, Lipangus, 4. - 240

Erman, Pipilo Suppl App. 30b

Lath. Zosterops, 5 - 198
Lathami Vig. § Horsf. Amadina, 8 - 370
A. Smith, Amadina, 11. - - 370

Pr. Bonap. Athene - App. 3

Gray, Baza, 1. - - - 23

Vagl. Capito, 12. - - 480

Leach, Centropus, 13. - - 455

Gray, Ceriornis, 1. 499; App. 24

Gray, Cuculus, 3. - - 463

Gould, Cyanecula, 3. - - 182

Bechst. Euphema, 3. - - 411

Gray, Euspiza, 4. - - 376

Gray, Gallophasis, 6. - - 498

Gray, Geronticus, 3. - - 566

Gmel. Megalaima, 17. - - 429

Blyth, Megalorhynehus — - App. 21

Jard. Nectarinia, 62. = - 98

Steph. Parus, 28. - - 192

Vigors, Petroica, 8. - - 188

G. R. Gray, Talegallus, 2 489;

App. 24

laticauda Swuins. Rhipidura, 23. - - 259
Less. pl ee 4, - - - 574

Licht. Vidua, 9. - - - 355
latifasciatus Licht. Vroglodytes, 45. - 158
latipennis Lath. eA a a2 = - 107
latirostra Brun, Fuligula, 1. - - 621
latirostris Strickl. Andropadus, De - £36
Blyth, Arachnothera, 6. - - 99

Swains. Cacicus, 7. - 342

Raffi. Hemichelidon, 3: 262; hee 12

Swains. Muscicapa, 63. - - 263

Gould, Myiagra, 5. = - @

Swains. Myiagra, 4. - - 261

Bodd. Oidemia, 4. - - 625

Swains, Polytmus, 70. - - 108

Bonn. Prion - - App. 29
latissimus Ord, Buteo, 8. - - - 12
Latreillii Less. Attagis, 2. - 520
laurivora Berth. & Webb, Columba, 27. - 470
Lawsonii Lieber, Phaps, 2. - - 477
lazuli Temm. Haleyon, 25. - - 79
lazulus Less. Pitylus, 15. - . - 362
Vieill. Polytmus, 3. - 107
Leachii Kuhl, Calyptorhynchus, 3. 426; App. 20
Lath, Dacelo, 3. - - 78; App. 4

Temm. Thalassidroma, 5. 648; App. 29

Such, Thamnophilus, 9. - - 297
Leadbeateri Vigors, Bucorvus, 1. - - 400
Vigors, Cacatua, 3. 425; App. 20

Bourc. Mellisuga, 3. - Sy

lechoho A. Smith, Francolinus, 15. - 505
Leclancherii Lafr. Calliste, 28. —- - 366
Lafr. Diceum, 2. - - 100

INDEX OF

SPECIFIC

NAMES.

87

Page

Leclancherii Lafr. Spiza. 5. - - $75
Leconteii Audub. Ammodromus, 10. - 374
Ledouci! Malh. Parus, 13. - - - 192
Lefebvrii O Des Murs, Merops” - App. 5;
Suppl. App. 30a

legatus Licht. Myiobius, 71. - - 249
lemniscatus Raff. Cymbirhynchus, 1. - 66
lempiji Horsf. Ephialtes, 3. - 38; App.3
lenocinia Less. Vidua, 10. - - - 355
lentiginosus Mont. Botaurus, 4. = - 557
Smith, Caprimulgus, 9. - 47

leopetes Jard. & Selby, Capemalgus; 26. - 48
lepida Temm. Aleyone, 4. - - 82
Horsf. Ardea, 45. - - - 556
Blyth, Drymoica, 64. - - 164
M‘Clell. Leiothrix, 3. - - 269
Sparrm. Nectarinia, 95. - edo)

Linn. Spermophila - - App. 18
lepidocephalus Nitzsch, Pteroglossus App. 19
lepidopterus Licht. Ploceus, 24. 353; Suppl.
App. 20b

lepidotus Swains. Tinamus = App. 25
lepidus Horsf. Centropus, 5. - - 455
Illig. Conurus, 22. - 413; App. 19

A, Smith, Phileterus, 1, 9 - - 353
leptogrammica Temm. Macropygia, 3. 471;
App. 23

leptogrammicum Temm, Syrnium - App. 3
leptorhynchus King, Enicognathus, |. 414;
App. 20

leptosomus Less. Bachypteracias, 1. - 61
leptura Kuhl, Brachypteryx, 4. - - 209
Swains. Galbula, 3. - - 8&3
lepturus Swains. Pteroptochos, 10. - 155
Swains. ‘Trogon, 4. - - 69
lepurana A. Smith, Turnix, 7. - - 510
lerwa Hodgs. Lerwa, 1. - - - 508
lesbia Caloi, Emberiza, 6. = - 377
Gmel. Emberiza, 8. 377; App. 17

Temm. Emberiza, 7. . = 377
Leschenaultii Less. Charadrius, 20. - 5A4
Vieill, Enieurus, 1. - - 204

Temm. Ketupa, 1. - - 38
Vieili, Merops, 18. - 86; App. 5

Less. Zanclostomus, 3. - 460

Lessoni Smith, Archibuteo, 1. = = 12
Wagl. Ardea, 61. - - - 556

Dum. Cinclodes, 1. - = 132

Vigors, Haleyon, 26. - - 79

De Latr, Hylocharis, 22. - - 114

Less. Momotus, 12. - - 68

Less. Oreophilus - - App. 25

Garn. Procellaria, 13. 648; App. 29
Degland. Stercorarius, 3. - - 653

Homb. § Jacq. Rhipidura, 5 - 258
Lessonia Swains. Halcyon, 48. - - 79
Swains. Phonygama, 2. - - 303

lettia Hodgs. Ephialtes, 3. - : - 38
lettoides Jerd. Ephialtes - - App. 3
leucaétos Forst. Astur, 6. - - - Q7
leucamphomma Borkh. Cireaétus, 1. - 16
leueauchen Temm. Grus, 3. = = 552
Temm. Micrastur, 2. - -~ 28

leuce Jil, Ardea, 19. - - - 555
leucoblepharus Vieill. Trichas, 6. - - 197
leucocapillus Gould, Anoiis - App. 30
leucocephala Lath. Amadina,8. — - - 370
Raffi. Amadina, 38. - - 370

Cuw. Ardea, 39. - - 556

Pall. Arundinicola, 1. - 243

Gmel. Ciconia, 4. - 561

Linn. Columba, 5, 4705 ier 23

Gmel Emberiza, 5. - a iia

Less Ephthianura, 1. - 205

Scop. Erismatura, 1. 627; App. 28
Gmel. Euphonia, 8, - - 367
Swains. Eurocephalus, 1, - 293

Gmel. Haleyon, 15, - =) 9

Bechst. Harelda, 1. - - 622
Tschudi, Wydrobata, 6 lS) ¢

App. 10
Linn, Pipra, 22. - - 274
Forst. Vrocellaria, 13. - 648
Vieill, Reeurvirostra, 2. - 576

Page

leucocephala Vigors, Ruticilla, 5. - - 180
Gould, Sittella, 3. 148; App. 7

Viei/l. Stephanophorus App. 16

D’ Orb. & Lafr. Synallaxis, 4. 135

leucocephalus Hodgs. Archibuteo, 4, - 12
Gmel. Artamus, 11. 285;
App. 13

Gmel. Atagen, 1. = - 669
Vieill. Buceros, 25. = - 400
Riipp. Crateropus, 4. - 224
var. Blyth, Garrulax, 4. = 295
Hardw, Garrulax, 5, - 225
Meyer, Gypaétus, 1. a
Meyer, Gyps, 1. - > 4
Linn, Haliaétus, 3. 17; App. 2

Gould, Himantopus, 6. = HU
Boiss. Larus, 26. - - 654
Vieill, Morphnus — - App. 1

Gmel. Neophron, 1. - = 8
Gmel. Numenius, &. - 569
Gould, Pandiou, 2. 17; App. 1

Gmel, Pastor, 5. = - 334

Kuhl, Psittaeus, 24. - - 421

_ Linn, Psittacus, 25. - - 421

Lath. Scoleecophagus, 1. - 340

Forst. Tantalus, 2. - - 564

Vieill, Vanga, 1. - - 299

leucoceps Swains. Anois, 2. - - 661
Swains, Bessouornis, 5. - - 220
leucochista Hodgs. Muscicapa - App. 12
leucocilla Hahn, Copurus, 1. ” - 244
Linn. Pipra, 22. - - 274
leueseillus Pall, Turdus, 17. - - 219
leucocrotaphus Shaw, Hylocharis, 28. - 114
leucogaster Gould, AX gotheles, 2. - - 46
Blyth, Amadina, 43. - - 370

Gmel. Ardea, 27. 556; App. 25

Valenc. Artamus,2. = - 285

Blyth, Buceros, 5. - - 599

Wagl. Carpophaga, 9. - - 468

Leach, Centropus, 13. 455; App. 22

Gmel. Charadrjus, 27. - - 544

Vieill. Dierurus, 9. - - 287

Gould, Eopsaltria - App. 13

Gould, Falcunculus, 3. 294; App. 14

Vieill, Galbula, 4 = - 83

Gould, Graculus, 22. - - 667

Meyen, Graculus, 4. = - 667

Vieill. Graculus, 6. - - 667

Fr. Halcyon, 28. 79; App. 5

Reinw. Hemilophus, 2. - 439

Steph. Hirundo - App. 4

Vieill. Ibyeter, 1. - - 9

Linn. Juida, 20. = - 327

Vieill. Nectarinia, 86. - - 99

Temm. Oriolus, 14. - - 232

Gould, Ortalida, 4. - - 485

Dum. Pheenicophaus, 1. - 459

Swains. Picolaptes, 7. - 140

Gmel. Polytmus, 41. - - 108

Tschudi, Pclytmus, 49. - 108

Gould, Pomatorhinus, 5. - 229

Gmel. Pontoaétus, 5. 18; Asan 2

Kuhl, Psittacus, 15, - - 421

Swains. Ptilonopus, 13. - 467

Bodd. Saurophagus, 2. - 246

Riipp. Schizorhis, 4. 395; App. 18

Swuins. Tehitrea, 10. - - 260

Gould, Temnurus, 8. - 310

Gould, Thalassidroma, 7. - 648

Swains. ‘Tityra, 28. - - 254

Gould, 'Troglodytes, 10. 158

Blyth, Turdus - - non 10

Steph. Tyrannus - App. 11
leucogastra Pr. Max. Culicivora, 3. - 176
Shaw, Mniotilta, 48. - - 196

Blyth, Myiagra - App. 12

Bodd. Sula - - App. 30

leucogenys Blyth, Garrulax, 2. - - 225
Tschudi, Merganetta = - App. 28

Gray, Pycnonotus, 7. - - 236

Lath. Turdus, 65. - - 219
leucogeranos Pall. Grus, 2. = - 552
leucognaphalus Daud. Corvus, 2. - - 315

Page

leucogrammicus Mill. Pyenonotus, 19. - 237
Temm. ‘Telophorus, 10 - 292

leucolophus Jard. Botaurus - App. 25
Less. Cacatua, 5. - - 425

Merr. Penelope, 1. - - 485
leucomanna Hversm. Strix, 11. = - 41
leucomela Viyors, Campephaga, 44. 283 ;
App. 13

Temm. Carpophaga, 5. - - 468

Pall. Saxicola, 4 178; App. 8

Mill. & Schl. Gallinula, 3 - 589

Burch. Saxicola, 33. - - 179
leueomelanos Lath. Gallophasis, 5. 498;
App. 24

Wagl. Picus, 20. - - 435

leucomelas Licht. Buceros - - App. 19
Wagl. Corvus, 3. - - 315

Bodd. Laimodon, 6. = - 429

Mieill. Larus, 8. - - 654

Til. Micrastur, 1. = - 28

Riipp. Parus, 23. - - 192

Bodd. Picus, 20. 435; App. 21

Temm. Puffinus, 2. - ~ 647

Less. Spermophila - App. 18

Vieill. Turdus, 83. 219; App. 10
leucometopon V. de Mulhe, Lanius, 22, = 9
leucon Temm. Geronticus, 6. - - 566
leuconota Temm. Amadina, 37. - - 370
Vigors, Columba, 19. 470; App. 23

Spix, Formicivora, 17. - ~ 212

Gould, Gymnorhina, 2, 300; App. 14

G. R. Gray, Vityra - App. 11
leuconotus Deless. Acanthylis, 4. - - 55
Lath, Colius, 2. - - 393

Lafr. Copurus, 2. ~ - 244

Swains. Corvus, 23. 315; App. 15

Spix, Formicivora, 19. - - 212

Audub. Graculus, 14. = - 667

Gray, Gyps, 2. = - - 4

Vieill, Laimodon, 2. - - 428

Wagl. Nycticorax, 3. = - 558

Guér, Parus, 25. 192; App. 9

Bechst. Picus, 4. ~ - 455

A. Smith, Thalassiornis, 1. - 626;

App. 28

leuconyx Blyth, Cypselus - - App. 4
leucopareia Brandt, Bernicla, 13. - - 608
Temm. Hydrochelidon, 1 - 660

leucophxa Gould, Ardea - . App. 25
Vieill, Campephaga, 42. - 283

Lath, Ciimacteris, 1. 145; App. 7

Lath. V.imosa, 3. - - 570

Vieill Macroramphus, 1 - 582

Lath, Myiagra, 7. - - 261

Steph. Sula, 11. 666; App. 30

Licht. Tanagra, 17. 365 ;

App. 16, 17

leucopheus Vieill. Corvus, 3. - - 315
Vieill, Dicrurus, 10. « = Dish)

leucophaius Viedll. Myiobius, 54. - - 249
leucophrus Jard. & Selby, Anabates, 28. - 188
leucophrys Vieill. Aedon, 3. - - 172
Forst. Anas, 4. - = - 615

Vieill. Anas, 20. - - 616

Vieill, Anthus, 27. - - 206

Temm. Brachypteryx, 3. 209

Vieill. Circus - - hte, 3

Gould, Corethrura - App. 27

Tschudi, Cyphorhinus - App. 7

Tschudi, Dasycephala, 10. - 208

D Orb. § Lafr. Elania, 24. - 256

Cub. Elania App. 11

D Orb. & Lafr. Bhivieslane Be oe ey

Cab. Formicarius - App. 9
Licht. Formicarius, - App. 9
var. Licht. Formicivora, 3. = 212
Vieill. Formicivora, 1, 212; App. 9
Lafr. Hylophilus, 7. - - 200
Blyth, Museicapa - App. 12
Gould, Odontophorus, 12. - 513
Forst. Peristera, 7. = - 476
Licht. Phaétornis, 4. - - 104
Vieill. ‘Totanus, 14. - - 573
Tschudi, Troglodytes, 23. - 158

88

Page

leucophrys Forst. Zonotrichia, 4, - - 378

Auct. Zonotrichia 5. - - 373

leucophthalma Bechst. Nyroca, 4. 621; App. 28

Scop. Psittacula, 24. - 4293

Hill, Turdus, 66. = - 219

leucophthalmos Pr. Max. Anabates, 8. - 188

Licht. Larus, 25. - - 654

leucopleurus Gould, Oreotrochilus, 2. - 104

leucopolius Wagl. Charadrius, 26. - - 544

leucopogon Less, Ortyx, 12. 514;

Suppl. App. 80 ¢

Pr. Max. Spermophila App. 18

Hechel, Sylvia, 7. - - 174

Meyer, Sylvia 4. : - 174

leucops Wagl. Ardea, 32. - - - 556

Vieill. Dasycephala, 9. - - 208

Licht. Monasa, 3. - - 7A

leucopsis Bechst. Bernicla, 2. 607 ; AEDs 27
Bechst. Circaétus, 1. - 16

Gould, Motacilla, 4. - - 203

Gould, Sphenostoma, 2. 94; Ape 9

leucoptera Riipp. Aedon. - - App. 8
Pall. Alauda, 7. - - - 880
Bodd. Ardea, 38. - - 556
Vieill, Ardea, 40. - - 556
Gmel. Bernicla, 9. - - 607
Riipp. Calamodyta, 9 132; App. 8
Wagl. Ciconia, 7. . - 561
Lath, Climacteris - App.7
Pr. Max. Columba, 6. - - 470
Vieill, Fuliea, 5, - - 600
Gmel. Hirundo, 28. - ~ §8
var. B Lath. Hirundo, 29. - 58
Temm. Hydrochelidon, 3, - 660
Swains. Lichenops, 1. - - 242
Gmel. Loxia, 3. . - 388
Wils. Mniotilta, 34. - - 196
Vieill, Mniotilta, 80. - - 197
Vigors, Motacilla, 3. - 203
Gould, Procellaria, 6. 648; Ny 29
Spix, Psophia, 3. - - 550
Trudeau, Pyranga - App. 16

Blyth, Ruticilla, 13. - ~- 180
Swains. Saxicola, 20. - - 179
Gould, Sittella, 4. - - 148
Vieill. Spermophila, 42. - - 386

Swains. Thamnobia, 1. - - 185
Gmel. Tringa, 4. 579; App. 26
Pall. Tringoides, 1 fs - - 574

Linn, Zenaida, 3. 475; App. 24
leucopterus Pr. Max. Caprimulgus, 34 - 48

Temm. Coreorax, 1. - - 321

Vig. & Horsf. Corcorax, 1. - 321

Gould, Cracticus - App. 14

Temm. Haliaétus, 2. - =e LT

Faber, Larus, 3. 654; App. 29

Vieill. Larus, 1. - - 654

Quoy & Gaim. Malurus, 10. - 165

Vigors, Mimus, 1. - = 224

Swains. Parus, 24. - - 192

King, Podiceps, 3. - - 633

Gmel. Tachyphonus,1. 365; Apr. 16

Drap. Temnurus, 1. - - 310

Less. Thamnobia - App. 8

Vieill. ‘Turdus, 88. + - 219
leucopterygia Spix, Spermophila, 9. - 386
leucopteryx MWagl. Icterus, 3. - - 343
leucopus Bechst. Colymbus, 2. - - 631
Swains. Formicivora, 7. - - 212

Swains. Furnarius, 4. - - 132

Garn. Hematopus, 5. - - 547
leucopyga Wagl. Fulica, 8. - - 600
Licht. Hirundo, 24. - - 58
leucopygia Gould, C ee 41. - 283
Spix, Ibis, 1. - - 565
leucopygialis Blyth, Acanthylis Suppl App.30a
Gould, Artamus, 7. - 285

Blyth, Dicrurus - et 13

Fras. Platysteira, 7. - - 257

leucopygius Spiz, Caprimulgus, 34. - 48
_ Riipp. Crateropus, 9. - - 224

Spix, Rostrhamus, 1. - - 25

Spix, Topaza, 4. - - 110
leucopyrrba Vicil/, Corethrura, 9. - - 595

leucorhyncha Gmel. Ceryle, 12. - - 82

INDEX OF

SPECIFIC

NAMES

Page

leucorhynchus Gmel. Artamus, 1. - 285
Horsf. Artamus, 2. - 285

Swains, Psittacus, 11. - 421

Hartl. Telophorus App. 14

leucorodia Linn. Platalea, 1. - - 559
leucorrhea Vieill. Thalassidroma, 5, - 648
leucorrhoa Steph. Cypselus - App. 4
Vieill, Hirundo, 24. - - 58

Gmel. Pratineola, 4. = - 179
leucorrhotis Vieill, Accipiter, 16, - - 29
Quoy & Gaim, Astur, 10, = 27
leucoryphos Pall. Pontoaétus, 2. 18; App. 2
leucoryphus Pr. Max. Platyrhynechus, 4. - 256
leucoryx Sparr. Fuliea, 1. - - 600
leucosoma Swains. Hirundo, 42. - - 58
Swains. Nectarinia, 99. - 99

Swains. Ortygometra, 15. - 594
leucosternon Gould, Atticora,2. - - 58
leucosternum Gould, Dromodendron, 1. - 149
leucosternus Gould, Haliastur, 2. - - 18
leucostieta Natt. Odontophorus, 3. - 513
leucostictus Cab. Cyphorhinus - App. 7
leucustigma Riipp. Anas - - App. 28
leucotis Gould, Amadina, 29. - - 370
Swains. Bucco, 12. - - 74

Riipp. Colius, 7. - - - 393

Temm. Columba, 28. - - 470

Gmel. Conopophaga, 1. - - 255

Licht. Conurus, 24. - - 414

Temm. Ephialtes, 8. - - 38

O Des Murs, Galbaleyorhynchus App. 5;
SPE App. 30a

Blyth, Graculus, 4. - 667
Less. Graculus, 19, - - 667
Vieill. Hylocharis, 28. - - 114
Swains. Indicator, 7. - - 451
Swains. Laniarius, 6. - - 298
Lath. Meliphaga. 6. - - 122
Swains. Myiobius, 19. = - 249
Gould, Ortyx, 11. - - 514
Temm. Phaps, 5. = - ae 77h
Til. Picus, 1&8 - - - 435
Tschudi, Ptilogonys, 3. ; Aer 13
Gould, Pycnonotus, 8. - - 237
Riipp. Pyrrhulauda, 3 - 381
Strichl. Timalia Sipelt App: 30 b
Lafr. Troglodytes, 38. - 158
Riipp. Turacus, 5. - - 395
leucura Temm. Cotinga, 6. - - 279
Gmel. Dasycephala, 8. - - 208
Gmel. Estrelda, 8. - - 368
Gmel. Fringilla, 49. - - 372
Swains. Gallinago, 8. - 583
Gmel. Muscicapa, 46. 263; App. 12
Swains. Muscieapa, 64. - - 263
Hodgs. Myiomela, 1. - - 178
Blyth, Pratincola - - App. 8
Gmel. Saxicola, 5. - - - 179
Hodgs. Tephrodornis, 1. - - 290
leucuroides Guér. Saxicola, 6. - - 179
leucurus Vieil/. Buteo, 10. - ee 62)
Pr, Marx. Cacicus, 15. - - 342
Vieill. Caprimulgus, 26. - - 48
Vieill. Elanus, 4. - 2G:
Audub. Graculus, 14. aide - 667
Vieill. Himantopus, 3. - - 577
Swains. Lagopus, 5. - - 517
Forst. Milvago, 3. - 10; App. 1
Linn. Polytmus, 21. - - 108
Vieill. Pontoaétus, 6. 18; App. 2
Hodgs. Tephrodornis - App. 13
Gray, Totanus, 2. - - 573

Swains. Trogon, 15. - - 70

Licht. Vanellus, 5. - - 541
Leyaillantii Temm. Campephaga, 29. - 283
Temm. Coracias - App. 4
Shaw, Coriphilus, 4. - - 417
Less. Corvus, 15. - - 315
Less. Crypsirina - App. 14
Smith, Drymoiea, 18. - - 163
Valenc, Francolinus, 10. - 505
Leadb. Indicator, 2. - - 451
Temm. Indicator, 3. = - 451
Less. Irrisor, 9. - - 90
Leach, Laimodon, 2. - - 428

Page

Leyaillantii Less. Momotus, 5. - - 68
Less. Oxylophus, 4. - - 164

Licht. Plotus, 3. - - 664

Lath, Psittacus, 7. - - 421

Temm. Pyenonotus, 26. - 237

Wagl. Ramphastos, 1. - - 403

Leverianus Gmel. Buteo, 6. - a
Shaw, Cissopis, 1. - - 362

Shaw, Trogon, 21. - a= "OQ

levigaster Gould, Sericornis, 6. - 188
Lewinii Vig. & Horsf. Anthochera, 5. 122);
App. 6

Swains. Meliphaga, 4. 122; App. 6
Swains. Rallus, 6. - 593; App. 26

Lewis Drap. Melanerpes . App. 22
L’Herminieri Less. Anthus, 14. - - 206
Less. Melanerpes Supp. App.

30c¢

Less. Myiobius, 57. - - 249

Less. Platyrhynchus, 16. - 256

Less. Puffinus, 11. - - 647

Lafr. Turdus, 70, - - 219

libonyana Smith, Turdus, 40. - - 219
Lichtensteinii Bechst. Charmosyna, 1. - 416
Vigors, Conurus, 15. - 413

Wagl. Hemilophus, 1. 439;

App. 21

Lafr. Pieumnus, 3. - 432

Temm. Pteroeles, 4 - 518

Gould, Pteroglossus, 30. - 404

lictor Licht. Saurophagus, 3. - ~ 246
licua Licht, Athene - - App. 3
lignarius Mol. Picus, 29. - - - 435
ligonicauda Gould, Mellisuga, 57. - 113
lilacina Swains. Haleyon, 20. - - 79

limbata Riipp. Glareola, 3 538; App. 29

Miill. & Schl. Meliphaga, 25. - 122
limbatus Riipp. Buceros, 35. - - 400
Riipp. Crateropus - App. 10

limicola Vieill. Rallus, 2. - - - 593
limnaétus Horsf. Spizaétus, 7. 14; App. 1
limnophilax Temm. Nycticorax, 8. - 558
limosa Linn. Limosa, 1. - - 570
linaria Linn. Fringilla, 53. - - 372
Savi, Fringilla, 54. = - 372
Lineolnii Audub. Zonotrichia, 26. - 374
Lindenii Parz. Mellisuga, 31. - - 112
Lindsayi Vigors, Haleyon, 26. - - 79
James, Talegallus - App. 24

linearis Prev. & Knip. Peristera - App. 24
Pr. Bonap. Pipra, 4. - - 274

lineata Gould, Acanthiza, 5. - - 189

Shaw, Athene, 23. 35; App. 3
Swains. Campephaga, 14, 283; App. 13

Pr. Max. Conopophaga, 2 - 255

Swains. Corethrura, 31. - - 595

Gmel. Mniotilla, 67. - - 197

Thunb. Pipra, 27. - - 274

Bodd. Tigrisoma, 1. - - 556
lineatocephalus G. R. Gray, Dendrocolap-

tes, 'S: = - - - - 140

lineatum Gray, Polyplectron, 4. - - 495

lineatus Vieil/. Accipiter, 4. - =) 529)

Vieill. Artamus, 5. - - 285

Gmel. Buteo, 4. - By ke

Less. Campephaga, 10, - - 283

Swains. Cuculus, 2. - - 463

Linn. Dryocopus, 4. - - 436

Cuv. Eulabeornis, 3. - - 595

Gmel. Formicarius, 4. 211; App. 9

Jard. & Selby, Gallophasis, 3. - 498

Lath. Gallophasis, 4. — = - 498

Gray, Haliaétus, 6. 17; App. 2

Jerd. Haliaétus = App. 2

Tick. Megalaima, 21. 429; Arp: 21

Cuv. Numenius, 4. - 569

Vigors, Pterocyclus, 4. - - 296

Leach, Thamnophilus, 54. - 298

Spix, Vhamnophilus, 2 . - 297

%eill. Thamnophilus, 41. - 228
lineocapilla Gould, Drymoica, 54. - - 164
lineola Linn. Spermophila, 19. - - 386
lineolatus Licht. Odontophorus, 7, - 513
lineoventer Hodgs. Amadina, 41. - 370
lingoo Sykes, Orthotomus, 3. - - 162

INDEX OF SPECIFIC NAMES.

Linnei Wagl. Eclectus, 1
Graculus, 6

linota Gmel. Fringilla, 52.

lipiniana A. Smith, Estrelda, 10.

lithofaleo Gmel. Hypotriorchis, 10.

littoralis Brehm, Anthus, 2
Temm. Carpophaga, 3
Beckst. Charadrius, 17.
Linn. Totanus, 3.
Vieill. Troglodytes, 24.

littorea Forst. Anthus, 21.

Gmel. Philomachus, 1.
littoreus Forst. Larus -
liturata Retz. Syrnium, 3.
liventer Temm. Poliornis, 2.
livia Briss. Columba, 3
livida Kittl. Dasycephala, 5.

Swains. Pyranga, 3.
Gmel. Sylvia, 34. =
lividus Licht. Mimus, 5. -

Wils. Mimus,15. -

Tick. Turdus -
lobata Shaw, Biziura, 1. -

Temm. Campephaga, 5.
Lath. Chettusia, 10.
Lepechin, Phalaropus, 1
Linn. Phalaropus, 2
Swains. Platysteira, 1.
lobatus Wils. Phalaropus, 3.
loculator Linn. Tantalus, 1
locustella Penn, Calamodyta, 2.
locustelloides Blyth, Chetornis, 1.
locutrix Pr, Max. Columba, 15.
Loddigesii Gould, Mellisuga, 100.
lomvia Briinn. Uria, 4. =
longicauda Gmel. Chera, 1.
Swains. Copsychus, 2
Briss Dafila, 1
Strickl. Embernagra, 1
Swains. Geococeyx, 1
Spixz, Gubernetes, 1.
Gmel. Mellisuga, 55.
Vieill. Merops, 20.
Riipp. Motacilla, 7.
Swains, Myiagra, 13.
Bodd. Palzornis, 10.
Vieill. Pipra, 1

Vieill, Spermophila, 27.

Bechst. Tringoides, 4

Temm, Uragus, 1

Lath. Vidua, 8
longicaudata Tick. Drymoiea, 55.
longicaudatus Gould, Ammodromu

Tschudi, Mimus, 18. -

Spix, Nyctibius, 5
Hay, Dicrurus
Vieill Promerops
Vieill, Thamnophilu

Blyth, Zanclostomus, 5. -

longicaudus Garn. Astur, 12.
Swains. Graculus, 26.
Gould, Malurus, 2
Gmel, Orthotomus, 3.
Briss. Parus, 48.
Steph. Seortornis, 1.
longicollis Meyen, Ardea, 14,
longimembris Jerd. Strix. 4.
longipennis Swains. Furnarius, 6.

Swains. Hypotriorchis, 4. -

Blyth, Lanius

Shaw, Macrodipteryx, 1
Temm. Macropteryx, 1

Swains. Milvulus, 4
Erman, Sterna, 30.
longipes Gmel. Acanthisitta, 1.

Swains. Agelaius, 10.
Lath. Alauda, 1
Jerd, Buteo, 20. -
Nils. Circaétus, 1.
Vieill. Formicarius, 7.
Brehm, Himantopus, 3.
Til, Morphnus -
Vieill. Gidicnemus, 5.
Garn. Petroica, 17.
Swains. Platysteira, 3.

Page
- - 418
667 ; App. 30
372

= App. 10
627; App. 28
- - 283

; App. 25
- - 586
586
256
586
564
172
- 167
470

- - 261
410; ee 19
274; App. 13
- 386

- 574

387
355
- 164

S54, - 374
221
46
- App. 13
- App. 5
s, 43. - 298
460
27
- 667
165
- 162
192
- 51
555; App. 25
41; App. 3

- 132

20

- App.
~ 52

longirostris Quoy & Gaim. Acanthiza, 14.
Scop. Aptenodytes, 2
Jerd. Arachnothera, 2.
Lath. Arachnothera, 1
Raff. Arachnothera, 3
Gould, Calamodyta, 28.
Pr. Bonap. Caprimulgus, $2.
Swains. Certhilauda, 1
{ll. Dendrocolaptes, 14.
Pall. Donacobius, 1. -
Temm. Francolinus, 27.
Gmel. Fringilla, 80. -
Vieill. Hematopus, 11.
Wagl. Ibis, 3. -
Vieill. Icterus, 1. -
Vieill. Icterus, 9. -
Gould, Meliphaga -
Vieill, Mellisuga, 4. -
Lafr. Mimus, 20. -
Wils, Numenius, 9.

569; App. 26

Swains. Orthotomus, 4. - 162

Spix, Otus, 10. 5 er’)

Gould, Pachycephala, 6 - 271

Bonn. Podiceps, 4. - - 633

Pr. Bonap. Podiceps - App. 28

Bodd. Rallus, 11. - - 593

Gmel. Saxicola, 4. - - 178

Cuv. Sclerurus, 1. = - 210

Lath, Sitta - - App. 7

Gould, Sphenura, 2. - - 167

Less. Sterna, 43. - - 659

Gmel, Tatare - - App. 8

Swains. Telophorus, 2. - - 292

Tringa, 17. - - - 580

Vieill. Troglodytes, 30. - - 158

Blyth, Turdus - App. 10

Swains. Vireo, 7. = - 268
Longuemareus Less. Phetornis, 11. - 104
Longuemari Less. Nectarinia, 99. - - 99
Jophorinus Vieill. Dicrurus, 7. - - 286
lophotes Temm. Baza, 1. - = 23
Less. Ephialtes, 14, - - 38

Temm. Fluvicola, 8. - - 242

Temm. Ocyphaps, 1, - - 476

lophotus Brandt, Chenalopex - App. 27
lophyra Forst. Anas, 6. - - - 618
loquax Bote, Calamodyta, 4, = S Ge
loricata Licht. Columba, 6. = - 470
Licht. Formicivora, 7. - - 212
loricatus Miill. Macronus, 14. - S210
Licht. see a 2 = ~ 365

lory Linn. Lorius, 2. - - 416
lotenia Linn. Nectarinia, 49. - - 98
Linn. Nectarinia, 50. - - 98
lotharingica Gmel peers 4 - - 377
loxia Cuv. Psittacula, 22. 423; App. 20
loyea Molin. Sturnella, 3. a - 337
Luciani Boure. Hylocharis, 4. - - 114
Latr. Ramphopis, 9. - - 363

lucida Rajfin. Ardea, 39. - - 556
Licht. Drepanis, 6. 96; App. 5
Erman, Juida, 14. - - - 327
lucidus Gmel. Cuculus, 23. 463; App. 23
Vig. & Horsf. Cuculus, 22. - 463

Licht. Graculus, 10. - - 667

Shaw, Hylocharis, 35. - - 115

Less. Nectarinia, 6. - - 97
lueoniensis Linn. Enneoctonus, 4. - 291
Vieill. Eupodotis, 1. - - 533

luctuosa Temm. Carpophaga, 4. - - 468
Gerv. & Eyd. Euspiza, 8 - 376

Scop. Muscicapa, 2. - - 262

Licht. Spermophila, 52. - - 386

Lafr. Spermophiia - App. 18
luctuosus Cuv. Hzematopus, 5. - - 547
Licht. Parus, 22. - 192

D Orb. & Lafr. Miaehywhoauss 3 365

Licht. Thamnophilus, 11. - 297

Tschudi, Thamnophilus, 31. - 298
Ludovicie Boure. & Muls. Mellisuga, 19. - 112
Zonotrichia, 29. 374

ludoviciana Wils. Ardea, 27. - - 556
Ardea, 48. - - - 556

Gmel. Chettusia, 4. - - 541

Swains. Guiraca, 2. - - 357

ludoviciania Gmel. Mniotilta, 25.
Gmel. Myiobius, 1.
Cuv. Progne
Wils. Pyranga, 6.
ludovicianus Gmel. Anthus, 7.
Gmel. Conurus, 8.
Audub. Enicocichla
Linn. Lanius, 9.
Gmel. Podilymbus, 1
Gmel. Quiscalus, 1
Linn. Sturnella, 1
Lath. Troglodytes, 24.
Ludwigii Smith, Dicrurus, 18.
Riipp. Eupodotis, 8
lugens Jil. Motacilla, 3. -
Sol. Procellaria, 18.
Licht. Saxicola, 13.
Riipp. Turtur, 3. =
lugger Jerd. Falco, 8. -
lugubris Tick. Athene, 8. ~-
Begbie, Buceros, 21.
Sundev. Campephaga, 35.
Temm. Ceryle, 2.
Horsf. Cuculus, 34.
Ehrenb. Dicrurus, 17.
Riipp. Drymoica, 37.
Tilig. Formicarius
Swains. Galbula, 9
Horsf. Gallinula, 6
Riipp. Graculus
Less. Hoplopterus, 11.
Temm. Motacilla, 3

399; App. 19
283; App.13
2 - 82

- - 453
- - 287
- - 163
- App. 9
83
- - 599
- App. 30
- - 542
- 203 ;

SEry App. 30 b

Natt. Parus, 29.
Bodd. Phyllastrephus, 3
Less. Pyencnotus, $8.
Swains. Quisealus, 5
Blyth, Regulus, 6.
Riipp. Saxicola, 17.
Mill. Vimalia -
Less. Topaza, 4.
Hartl. Zosterops, 22.
lulensis Linn, Fringilla, 2.
Lumachellus Less. are 30.
lumme Briin. Colymbus, 3

lunaris M-Clell. & Horsf. Garrulax, 17,

lunatus Temm. Buceros, 1.
Bechst. Eos, 7. -
Gould, Eurylaimus, 3.
Lath. Melitlireptus
Swains. Ptilochloris, 1.
Temm. Turnix, 2.
lunifrons Say, Hirundo, 21.
lunularis Steph. Pachycephala, 1
lunulata Gould, Anthochera, 2.
Briin. Geopelia -
Scop. Psittacula, 23.
lunulatus Jard. A. gotheles, 1
Daud. Faleo, 4
Lath. Hypotriorchis, 4
Valence Ithaginis, 2.
Shaw, Melithreptus, 1.

Dubus, ‘Tachyphonus, 18.

Lath, Turdus, 8
luridus Nitzsch, Meiglyptes, 2.
luseinia Linn. Luscinia, 2.

Quoy & Gaim. Tatare
luscinioides Savi, Calamodyta, 18.
lutea Licht. Fringilla, 39. -

Gould, Manorhina, 5.
Less. Megalaima, 15.

- 192
- 238
237
341
175
179

198
371
- 114

- 631
225 5
App. 10
- - 399
~ - 417
65
= App. 6
- - 272
- - 510
58; App. 4
- - 271

5 - 20
504; App.
128; App. 6
$65;

App. 16

= - 218
- =) 447,
- - 172
= App. 8
= - 172
- - 371
5 - 127
429;

Suppl. App. 30 ¢

Scop. Merops. -
Gmel. Monarcha, 9. -
Gould, Zosterops, 8. -
lutei-capillus Vieiil. Conurus, 8,
luteiventris Meyen, Fringilla, 46.
luteocephala Less. Elania, 10.
luteocristata Briss. Cacatua, 7.
luteolus, Lath. Chrysotis, 6.
Less.Copsychus, 8
Licht. Ploceus, 8.
Less. Pycnonotus, 36.

Fa ADD. 5

90

Page

luteoventer Less. Myiobius, 40. - - 249
luteoventris Hodgs. Calamodyta, 32. - 172
lutetia De Lattr. §& Bourc. Mellisuga, 7. - 112
luteus Briss. Cacicus, 12. = - 342
Gmel. Chrysotis, 6. - - 422

Bodd, Conurus, 7. - 473; App. 19

Vieill. Conurus, 9. - - - 4138

Gmel. Pteroglossus, 353. - - 404
lutiventris Meyen, Vringilla, 46. - - $72
luxuosa Less. Fringilla, 30. - - $71
luzuosus Less. Cyanocorax, 9. - - S07
luzonensis Scop. Laimodon, 6. - - 429
luzonia Tick, Copsychus” - - App. 8
luzonica Fras, Anas, 7. - 616; App. 28
Scop, Caleenas, 3. - - - 478
luzoniensis Steph. Ceyx, 1. - - 80
Kittl. Copsychus, 9 177; App. 8

Vieill, Eupodotis, 1. - - 5383

Gmel. Hydrophasianus, 1. - 589

Scop. Motacilla, 4 203 ; App. 9

Gmel. Numenius, 7. - - 569

Gmel. Turnix, 15. - - 511

lyra Shaw, Menura, 1. - - - 153

maal Sykes, ee 100, - 290; App. 10
macao Linn. Ara, 4. 412; App. 19
Macartneyi Temm. Gallophasis, 1. - - 498

macassariensis Gmel. Nectarinia, 81. - 98
M‘Clellandii Blyth, Garrulax,10. 225; App. 10
Horsf. Uypsipetes, 5. - 258

maccoa A, Smith, Erismatura, 4, 627; App. 28
M‘Coshii Tick. Oriolus, 8. - - 232
Macei Less. Campephaga, 8. - - 283
Wagl. Geronticus, 6. - - 566

Temm. Haliaétus, 6. - 17; App. 2

Temm, Picus, 10. - - - 435

Vieill. Picus, 9. - - - 435

Vieill. Turdus - - App. 10
Macgillivrayi Audub, Ammodromus, 7. - 974
Audub. Trichas, 11. - = OT

Macgregorii Burt. Niltava, 2. . 264
Macklotii Temm. Diceum, 3. - - 100
Miill. Harpactes - App. 4

Wagl. Hemilophus, 5. - - 439

Temm. Pitta, 20. - 213

Macleayii Jard. & Selby, Haleyon, 34. - 79
Lath. Ptilonorhy nehus, 1. - 325
Macloviana Garn. Muscisaxicola, 6. = 202
Macquarrei Quoy & Gaim. Geopelia, 3. - 471
Macqueeni Gray, Eupodotis, 20. - - 533
macrocephala Gmel. Petroica, 13. - - 183
macrocephalus Spix, Chloronerpes, 1. - 443
macrocerea Licht. Vidua, 7. - $55
macrocereus Vieill. Dicrurus, 12. 287; App. 13
Blyth, Dicrurus - App. 13

Temm. Eupetes, 1. . - 208

Vieill. Piaya, 1. = - 457
macrodactylos Pr. Bonap. Gallinago App. 26
macrodactylus Spiz, Buceo, 6. - - 74
Swains. Hypotriorchis App. 2

Strichl. Macronus, 13. - 210

macrodipteryx Afzel. Macrodipteryx, 1. - 52
macrognathus Spiz, Conurus, 2. - - 413
macrolopha Less. Puerasia - - 503
macromystax Wagl. Caprimulgus, 36. - 48
macronemus Licht, Gidienemus —- App. 25
macronyx Swains. Pipilo, 7. - - 360
macroptera Swains. Acanthylis, 3. - - 55
Cuv. Chettusia, 8. - - 541

Vig. & Horsf. Myiagra, 7. - 261

A, Smith, Procellaria, 16. - 648

Spix, Totanus, 7. 573; App. 26
macropterus Swains. Caprimulgus, 18. - 48
Vieill. Cireus, 9. - $2; App. 2

Wagl. Corvus, 15. - - 315

macropus Swains. Falco, 6. - = ue
Swains. Hylactes, 2. - Pal pd

Vieill. Mniotilta, 34. - - 196
macrorhyncha Gould, Ardea - App. 25
Less. Dacelo, 6. - ffs!

Temm. Otus, 6. - - 40

Gray, Pitta, 27. - - 214

Sandb, Upupa - App. 5

INDEX

OF SPECIFIC NAMES.

Page

macrorhynehos Brehm, Nucifraga - App. 15
macrorhynchus Gmel. Bucco, 2. - - 74
Swains. Bucco, 3. - - 74

Gould, Calyptorhynchus, 7. 426 ;

App. 20

Temm. Corvus, 6. - - $15

Gmel. Cymbirhynebus, 1. - 66

Less. Graculus, 20, - 667

Gould, Podargus, 8. - 45

Linn, ‘Tanygnathus, 1, - 420

Fras. Turacus 6. - - 395

Gould, Turdus, 9. - 218

macrotarsa Gould, Sterna, 13. - - 659
macrotis Vigors, Eurostopodus, 5. - 50
macroura, Gould, Amytis 3. - - 166
Scop. Colius, 5. = - 393

Temm. Cotinga, 4. - - 279

Lath. Drymoica, 1. - - 162

Frankl. Drymoiea, 55. - - 164

Gmel. Emberizoides, 1. - - 360

Vieill. Galbula, 2. 83; App. 5

Merr. Haleyon - App. 4

Yaum. Sterna, 34. - - 659

Natt. Syrnium, 3. - - 39

Gmel. Vidua, 7. - - 355

var. ocellata Burch. Drymoica, App. &

macrourus Pr. Max. Anabates,11. 138; App. 6
Horsf. Caprimulgus - App. 3

Gould, Centropus - App. 22

Gmel. Circus, 1. - = $2

Linn, Colius, 3. - - 393

Gmel. Copsychus, 2. - SP lle

Horsf. Eurostopodus, 3. - 50

Jard. & Selby, Odontophorus, 10. 513

Blyth, Oriolus - App. 11

fasciatus Bodd. Pitta, 13. - 213

Gmel. Polytmus 9. - - 107

Swains. Quisealus, 7. - - 341

Gould, ‘Trogon, 20. - - 70

macrura Gimel. Macropygia, 4. = - 471
macrurus Brehm, Oxylophus, 1. - - 464
macularia Quoy & Gaim. Acanthiza, 13. - 189
Temm. Grallavia, 7. - - 213

Blyth, Nectarinia, 97 - - 99

Linn. Tringoides, 2. - - 574

Pr. Neuw. Tringoides, 3. - 574

Quoy & Gaim, Turnagra, 1. - 227

macularius Quoy §& Gaim. Pachycephala, 2. - 271

maculata Bodd. Ardea, 48. - - 556
Lath. Ardea, 43. - - 556
Vigors & Horsf. Athene, 29. 35; Ae 3
Swains. Bucco, 10. - 74
Gould, Chlamydera, 2. - - 325
Pr. Max. Formicivora, 27. - 212
Swains. Formicivora, 9. - ~ 212
Gray, Vrancolinus, 3. - - 505
Bodd. Hirundo, 29. = - 58
Gmel. Megalaima, 18. - - 429
Temm. Meliphaga, 26. - = 122
Wils. Mniotilta, 1. - - 196
Gmel. Muscicapa, 17. = - 263
Shaw, Nectarinia, 20. - - 98
Vieill. Nycticorax, 2. - - 558
Lath. Nycticorax. - App. 25
Swains. Pipilo, 2. - - 360
Audub. Pitylus, 7. - - 362

Vieill. Sterna, 46.
Gmel. Sylvia

659; App. 29
Suppl. App. 30 a

Temm. ‘Timalia, 4 228; App. 10

Vieill. Tringa, 20. - - 580

Vieill. Zenaida - - App. 23
maculatum Temm. Dieczeum, 25. - - 100
Less. Grypus, 1. - - 105

Desm. Todirostrum, 2. - 257

maculatus Hodgs. Accentor, 3. - - 187
Gmel. Aquila, 4. - - 13

Bodd. Aramides, 9. - - 549

Gmel. Bucco, 13. 74; App. 4

Vieill. Centropus, 6. - - 455

Vieill. Chloronerpes, 9. - 443

Donov. Conurus, 17. - - 413

Vieill. Dendrocolaptes, 16. - 140

Vigors, Enicurus, 2. - - 204

Bodd. Eudynamys, 5. - - 464

G. R. Gray, Indicator, 5. -

Page

maculatus Bodd, Larus, 2. . - 654
Eyton, Macronus, 12. - - 210

Vieill. Morphnus - App. 1

Vieill, Oriolus, 4. - - 232

Steph, Orthonyx, 1. - - 151

Vieill, Picus —- - App. 21

Gmel. Polytmus 11 - - 108

Vieill, Polytmus, 11. - ~ 108

Vieill, Pteroglossus, 20, - 404

Gmel. Ptilonopus, 20. - - 467

Vieill. Saltator, 9. - - 863

Gould, Sericornis, 5. - - 188

Gould, Spatula, 2. - - 618

Gmel, Sula, 1. - - 666

D' Orb. & Lafr. Tharmnophilus 33. 298

Such, Thamnophilus, 8 E - 297

Bechst. Totanus, 5 - - 573

Vieill, Turnix, 5. - - §10
maculialatus Cass. Icterus App. 15. Sub:
App. 30 b

maculicaudus G. R. Gray, Certhiparus, 2, 194
maculicollis Wagl. Turtur, &. - - 472
maculifrons Spizx, Dendrobates, 15. - 437
maculipectus Lafr. Saltator - App. 16
Lafr. Troglodytes, 37 - 158
maculipennis Licht. Chloronerpes, 3. - 443
Licht. Larus, 28. - - 654

Swains. Numida, 1. - - 501

maculirostris J’ Orb. & Lafr. Muscisaxico-
la, 8. - - - 202
Licht. Pterocyanea, 2. 617; App. 2

Licht. Pteroglossus, 20. - 404
maculiventris Less, Picolaptes - App. 7
maculosa Burch, Amadina, 3. - - 369

Valenc. Campethera - App. 21

Temm. Columba, 7.
Bodd. Drymoica, 1.

470; App. 23
163; App. 8

Kuhl, Hirundo, 29. - - 58

Gmel. Mniotilta, 18. 5 - 196

Temm. Nothura, 3. = - 525

Vieill. Ortygometra, 5. - ~ 593

Pr. Max. Otus, 10. - - 40

Less. Pernis, 2. = - 24
maculosum Swains. Nothura - App. 25
maculosus M*Clell. Campephaga, 35. - 283
Temm. CGidicnemus, 3. - - 535

Vieill. Otus, 5. - 40; App. 5

Temm. Turnix, 5. - - 510

Temm. 'Turnix, 6. - - 510
madagascariensis Verr. Accipiter, 7. - 29
Linn. Alcedo, 13. - 81

Sqanz. Caprimulgus App. 4

Gmel. Carpophaga, 28. - 469

Jerd. Ceyx - App. 5

Gmel. Coua,1l. = - 454

Less. Coracopsis - App. 19

Gmel. Eurystomus, 2. - 62

Gmel. Vrancolinus App. 24

Scop. Ithaginis, 3. 504; App. 24

Linn. Laniarius, 21. 299;
App. 14
Gmel. Muscicapa, 38. - 263

Lath. Nectarinia, 37. - 98
Quoy & Gaim. Nectarinia
App. 5
Gmel. Nettapus, 3. - 608
Linn. Numenius, 5. - 569

Scop. Perdix, 4. 506; App. 24

A. Smith, Pernis App. 2

Linn. Ploceus, 22. - 353

Daud. Polyboroides, 1. - 31

Lath. Porphyrio, 4 598;

App. 27

Briss. Psittacula App. 20

Gmel. Ptilonopus App. 23

A. Smith, Rallus, 13. 593 3

App. 26

Gmel. Rhynchea, 2 - 585

Gmel. Saraglossa, 2. 328 ;

App. 15
Gmel. Sylvia - App. 8

Shaw, Upupa, 4. - - 90

Linn. Zosterops, i - 198
| madagascarius Herm. Saraglossa - App. 15
maderaspatana Gmel. Rhynchza, 1 - 585

INDEX OF

SPECIFIC NAMES

Page

maderaspatanus Frankl. Oriolus, 7. 232;
App. 11
Gmel. Porphyrio, 13. - 598
maderaspatensis Gmel. Motacilla, 5 - 203
mesta Licht. Saxicola - - App. 8
Licht. Tzenioptera, 4. = - 241
magellanica Gmel. Bernicla, 9. - - 607
Sparr. Bernicla, 4. - - 607

Vieill. Fringilla, 24. - - 371
King, Gallinago, 16. - - 583
magellanicus Gmel. Bubo, 12. - = ie
King, Campephilus, 5. - 436

Gmel. Graculus, 18. - - 667

Lath. Pteroptochos, 5. - 155

Shaw, Sarcoramphus, 1. - 6
Forst. Spheniscus, 2. - - 640

Gould, Troglodytes, 9. - 158
King, Turdus, 52. - - 219
magicus Temm. & Schi. Ephialtes, 5. - 38
magna Hodgs. Arachnothera, 4. - = 99
Gould, Drymoica, 51. = - 164
Gmel. Epimachus, 1. - - 94

Linn. Sturnella, 1, - = 33
Gould, Tringa - - App. 26
magnanimus Vieill. Saurophagus, 1. - 246
magnifica Temm. Carpophaga, 6. 468; App. 23
Vieill, Mellisuga, 88. - - 113
Scop. Paradisea, 4. - - 323
magnificus Shaw, Calyptorhynchus, 2 - 426
7ieill. Epimachus, 3 4; App. 5
magnirostra Swains. Copsychus, 1. = Irie

magnirostris Gould, Acanthiza, 20. 189; App. 8

Steph. Alauda, 12, - - 380
Gmel. Astur, 11. = oii
Geoff. Esacus, 2. 535; App. 25
Gould, Geospiza.1. - - 359
Swains. Guiraca, 3. - ~ 357
Less. Lanius, 10. - - 290
Gould, Myiobius, 17. - - 249
Lath. Gidienemus, 5. - - 585
Licht, Phetusa, 1. 660; App. 29, 3

Pr. Bonap. Pitylus, 8. - 362
Blyth, Psilorhinus — - App. 14
Swains. Ramphastos - App. 19

Gould, Sericornis, 7. - - 188
Gould, Sericulus, 2. 232; App. 11

Blyth, Sylvia, 24. - - 174

Strickl. Yreron - - App. 23

D Orb. Tyrannus, 7. - 247

magnoides Lafr. Saltator - - App. 16
magnolia Wils. Mniotilta, 18. - - 196
magnum Eyton, Malacopteron, 1. 209; App. 9
magnus Gmel. Eclectus, 4. - - 418
S. Gmel. Gypaetus, 1. - - 2

Gmel, Saltator, 1. - - 363

Magoua Vieill, Tinamus, 38. - - 524
maguari Spix, Ardea, 6. - = = 555
Lath. Ciconia, 3. - - 561

mahali A. Smith, Plocepasser, 1. - - 354

mahrattensis Sykes, Caprimulgus, 15. 48; App. 3

Sykes, Hetzrornis, 6. - - 335

Lath, Nectarinia, 51. 98; App. 5

Lath. Picus, 11. - 435; App. 21

maia Linn. Amadina, 36. - - - 370
Linn. Amadina, 38, - = - 370
maitaca Spix, Psittacula, 1. - ~ 422
major Vieill. Accipiter, 6. - - 29
Briss. Alea, 1. - - - 637
Gould, Annumbius, 1. - - 137

Gmel. Ardea, 1. - - = as)

Mol. Ardea, 6. - - - 555

Vieill. Corvus, 4. - - 315

Linn. Crotophaga, 2 458; hci. 22

Herm. Dendrocolaptes, 1. - - 140

Vieill. Dendrocolaptes, 4. 140; App. 6

Jerd. Dendrocygna, 2 App. 27
Brehm, Esacus - - App. 25

Hartl. Eurypyga, 2. - - 554

Gmel. Gallinago, 1. - - 583

Steph. Indicator, 2. - - - 451

Cuv. Laimodon - - App. 21

Pail. Lanius, 2. - = - 290
Brehm, Larus, 4. - - - 654
Catesby, Larus, 24. = - 654

Page

major Briss. Luscinia, 1. - - - 173
Spiz, Nothura, 2. - - - 525

Shaw, Paradisea, 1. - - - 323

Linn. Parus, 1. = - - 192

Linn. Picus, 1. - 435; App. 21
Bodd. Podiceps, 15. - 633
Faber, Puffinus, 1. - 647; App. 29
Temm. Quiscalus, 3. = - 341

Vieill. Quiscalus, 3. - 341; App. 15

Gmel. Sitta - - - App. 7
Hartl. Telophorus - - App. 14
Briss. Yetrao, 1. - - - 516

Vieill, Thamnophilus, 10. - - 297

Linn. Tinamus, 3. ~ 524; App. 25

Cab. Tityra - - App. 11

majus Blyth, Malacopteron - App. 9
makawuanna Gimel, Ara, 9 - 42
malabarica Scop. Alauda, 9 380; App. 17
Linn. Amadina, 42. - - 370

Gmel. Hetwrornis, 2. - = oo)

Lath. Phyllornis, 2. - - 124

Gmel. Pericrocotus - App. 13

Blyth, Phyllornis - App. 6

Jerd. Treron - - App. 23
malabaricoides Hodgs. Dicrurus = App. 13
malabaricus Blyth, Athene - App. 3
Horsf. Bhringa, 1. - - 287

Gmel. Buceros, 5. = - 399

Fodgs. Dicrurus, 3. - - 286

Lath. Dierurus, 3. - - 286

Scop. Dicrurus, 1. - - 286

Jerd. Ephialtes - App. 3

Gould, Harpactes, 1. - - 71

Jerd. Hetzrornis, 3. - - 335

Bodd. Hoplopterus, 10. - 542

Jerd. & Selby, Phyllornis, 4. - 124
malabarioides Hodgs. Dierurus - App. 13
malacea Linn. Amadina, 31. - =| 370
malaccensis Gmel. Ardea, 38. - - 556
Hartl, Brachypteryx, 5. - 209

Lath. Gecinus, 13. - - 439

Gmel, Geopelia, 2. - - 471

Blyth, Hypsipetes, 7. + - 238

Hartl. Megalaima, 23. - 429

Scop. Nectarinia, 95. - = bY

Gmel, Palzornis, 10. - - 410

Miill. Pitta, 25. - - 214

Scop. Pitta, 17. - oe Me}

Scop. Polypleetron, 1. - 495

Suppl ep 30¢

Swains. Psittacula

malachurus Lath. Stipiturus, 1. - 166
malacoptilus Blyth, Caulodromus - App. 7
malacorhynehus Gmel. Hymenolaimus, 1. - 623
malaisizw Less. Trichoglossus, 6. - - 411
malaris Licht. Phztornis, 2. - - 104
malayana Less. Aquila - - App. 1
malayanus Raff. Buceros, 8. - - 399
raffl. Cuculus, 25. 463; App. 22
Eyton, Pastor - - App. 15
malayensis Hyton, Anthus, 26. 206; App. 9
Reinw. Aquila, 15. 14; App. 1
Eyton, Athene - - App. 3
Hay, Chaptia - - App. 13

Strickl. Ierax, 2. 21; App. 2

Eyton, Pastor, 9. - - 334
malbeyensis Sparr. Emberiza, 3. - = Sie
Malecolmi Sykes, Timalia, 11. - - 228
malembica Daud. Sycobius, 1. - - 352
malembicus Shaw, Merops, 21. - - 86
maleo Temm. Megacephalon, 1. - - 489
Malfini Less. Accipiter, 24. - - 29
Malherbii G. R. Gray, Campephilus, 10. - 436
malimbus Temm. Ploceus, 15. - 352
malouinus Bodd, Attagis, 3. - - 520
maluiarum Licht. Turdus, 52. - - 219
malura Natt. Formicivora, 10. - = Wie

maluroides D’ Orb. & Lafr. Synallaxis, 11. 136

maluroides O Des Murs, Synallaxis Suppl.
App. 30a
malurus Swains. Odontophorus — - App. 24

manacus Linn, Pipra, 10. 274; App. 13
manadensis Quoy & Gaim. Macropygia, 8. 471

Quoy & Gaim. Muscicapa, 27. - 263
mandtii Licht. Uria, 2. - - - 645

Page

mangeus Vieill, Hylocharis, 17. - - 114
mangle Spia, Aramides, 4. - - 594
mango Linn. Polytmus, 10. - - 107
maniculata Less. Hylocharis, 3. - - 114
manilla Bodd. Buceros, 23. - - 400
Bodd. Turdus - - App. 10
manillensis Meyen, Accipiter, 14, - - 29
Gmel. Buceros, 23. = - 400

Gmel. Chrysocolaptes - App. 21

Gmel. Coturnix, 14, - - 507

Gmel. Geronticus, 18. - - 566

Gmel. Nectarinia, 82, - - 98

Viyors, Nycticorax, 7. - - 558

Bechst. Paleornis, 3. — - - 409

Gmel. Pelecanus, 2. - - 668

Gmel. Querquedula, 10. - 616

Bodd. Turdus, 100. =- - 220

Gmel. Turdus, 100. 220; foe 10

manimbe Licht. Ammodromus, 5. < - 374
manpitiensis Garn. Monarcha, 9. - - 260
mansuetus Ray, Cygnus, 1. - - 610
mantis Temm. & Schl. Ephialtes, 6 38; App. 3
manurus Viei/l. Caprimulgus, 21. 48; App. 3
manyar Horsf Ploceus, 6. - - - 352
marabou Temm. Leptoptilus, 1. - - 561
maracana Vieill. Ara, 10. - 412; App. 19
marail Gmel. Penelope, 9. - - 485
Maregravii Geoffr, Cariama, 1. - - 551

Marescotii Homb. § Jacq. Campephaga, 28. 283
margaritaceiventer D’ Orb. & Lafr. Todiros-

trum, 10. - - - - 257
margaritacea Licht. Formicivora - App. 9
Less. Lanius - App. 14

Gmel, Polytmus, 13. - 108

margaritata Strickl. Spermospiza_ - App. 16
margariticus Riipp. Capito, 11. - - 430
marginalis T’emm. Emberizoides, I - 360
Reinw. Megalurus, 1. - - 169

marginata Wagl. Geococcyx, |. - - 453
Pr. Max. Grallaria, 8. 213; App. 9

Pr, Maz. Tityra, 33. - - 234
marginatum Gould, Aplonis, 1. - - 328
marginatus Cuv. Charadrius, 32. - - 544
Vieill. Charadrius, 26. - 544

Linn. Ectopistes, 2. 471; App. 23

Licht. Ele su yeenns, iy - 256

Gmel. Tanygnathus, 2. - 440

Licht, Tityra, 34. - - 254

Maria Hill, 'Trochilus Suppl. App. 30 a
Marie Boure. & Muls. Hylocharis, 42. - 115
marila Linn. Fuligula, 3 21; App. 28
marilandicus Briss. 'Trichas, 1. - - 197
marilandus Linn. Ortyx, 1. - - 514
mariloides Richards. Fuligula, 4. 621; App. 28
marina Linn. Thalassidroma, 10. 648; App. 29
marinus Linn, Larus, 2. - - - 654
mariquensis A. Smith, Hyphantornis, 28. - 351
A, Smith, Saxicola - App. 8

maritima D’ Orb. & Lafr. Dasyeephala, 8. - 208

D Orb. & Lafr. Geositta, 3. - 134

Wils. Mniotilta, 17. - - 196

Briin. Tringa, 2. = = 7/6)
maritimus Wils. Ammodromus, 2. - 374
Wurm, Haliaétus, 8. - = ey,
marmorata Gould, Athene - App. 3
Gray, Eupodotis, 18. - - 533

Lath. Limosa, 5. - - 570

Leach, Ortygometra, 3. - 593

Temm. Querquedula—- App. 28

Vieill. Tigrisoma,2. — - - 556
marmoratus Lath. Brachyrhamphus, 1. - 644
Temm. Charadrius, 2. - 544

Gould, Odontophorus, 6. - 513

Vieill, Polytmus, 11. - - 108

Vieill. ‘Totanus, 15. - - 573

Fritsch, Uria, 1. - - 645

Blyth, Zoothera - App. 10

Marsigli Gmel. Ardea, 37. - - 556
Martii Jurd. & Selby, Momotus, 7. - 68
Spix, Momotus, 6. - - 68
Martine Audub. Picus, 22. - - 435
Martinetii G. Rk. Gray. Ploceus - Suppl.
App. 30 b

martinica Briss. Acanthylis, 2. - - 55

aa

92 INDEX OF SPECIFIC NAMES.

Page

martinica var. 8 Peristera, 16, - - 476
Linn, Peristera, 15, - - 476

Temm, Peristera, 3. - - 476

Linn. Porphyrio, 8. 598; App. 27
martinicensis Lath. Spermophila, 50. - 386
Gmel. 'Tanagrella - App. 17

martinicus Linn. Myiobius, 27. - - 249
martius Linn. Dryocopus, 1. - - 436
Massena Less, Cyrtonyx, 1. - - 513
Gould, Trogon, 19. - =) 70

Matoni Vig. & Horsf. Trichoglossus, 5. - 411
matook Vieill. Ardea, 33. - - 555
Matthewsii Lodd, Mellisuga, 27. - - 112
matutina Bodd, Alauda, 8, - - 380
Licht. Zonotrichia, 6 - - 373
matutinus Vieill. Tyrannus, 2. 247; App. 11
Mauduytii Daud. Spizaétus, 1. - - 14
Maugei Temm. Athene, 20. 35; Suppl. App. 30a
Less. Dicrum, 15. - - 100
Maugeus J'emm. Geopelia, 4. - - 471
maura Ménétr. Formicivora, 19. = - 212
mauritanica Malh. Pica - - App. 15
mauritiana Dej. Gallinago - App. 26
Linn. Juida, 21. - - 327

Gmel. Sylvia, 32. - - 174

maurus Steph. Centropus, 16, - - 455
Temm, Circus, 8, 1; App. 2

mavors Gould, Mellisuga + . App. 5

maxillaris D’ Orb. & Lafr. Molothrus, 3. - 346

Lath, Spheeothers 1. 231; App. 11

maxima Gosse, Anas - App. 27
Riipp. Campephaga Lene u= - 283

Pall. Ceryle,4. = - - 82

eat Pitta, 2. - - 213

Vieill, Thrasaétus, 1. - = 15
Maximiliani Spix, Ara, 11. - = 419

Kuhl, Psittacus, 10. 421; App. 20

D' Orb, Synallaxis, 26. - 136

D’ Orb, & Lafr. Tanagra, 11. - 364

maximus Vieill. Aramides, 1. - - 594
Sibb. Bubo, 1. 37; App. 3

Pall, Cacicus, 1. - - 342

Scop. Corvus, 1. - - 315

Brehm, Larus, 2. - - 654

Cuv. Ramphastos, 12. - - 403

mayana Linn. Cotinga, 8. - - 279

mayanoides Temm. Amadina, 40. - - 370
Mayeri Marchal, Peristera - App. 24
maynanensis Briss. Capito, 7. - - 48

mazeppa Less. Polytmus, 32. - - 108

media Frisch, Gallinago, 1. 583; App. 26

var. Hodgs. Gallinago, 10, - ~ 583

Steph. Gallinago, 2. - - 583

Blyth, Pica - - App. 15

Forst. Sterna, 41. - - - 659

Horsf. Sterna, 6. - - - 658

Horsf. Sterna, 38. - - - 659

medianus Swains. Pieus, 27. - - 435

medius Zemm. Anser, 4. 607; App. 27
Nils. Graculus, 3. - - 667

Spix, Nothura, 3. - ~ §25

Linn. Picus, 2. 435; App. 21

Less. Pteroptochos, 1. - - 155
Leisler, Tetrao, 2. - - - 516

meena Sykes, Turtur, 2. 472; App. 23
megacephala Swains. Tityra, 24. - - 254
megacephalus Swains. Myiobius, 37. - 249
Lath, Podargus, 5. 45; App.3

Swains. Todirostrum, 8. ~ 257

megaloptera Meyen, Milvago, 5. - - 10
Blyth, Pica, 3. - - 314
megalopterus Lafr. Campylorhynchus, 8. - 159

megalorhynechus Bodd. Tanygnathus, 1. - 420
megapodia Temm. Perdix, 5. . - 506
megapodius Kittl. Hylactes, 2. 154; App. 6

megarhyneha Quoy & Gaim. Muscicapa, 28, - 263
megarhynehus Quoy & Gaim. Dicrurus,4. - 286

Meyer, Sterna, 1. - - 658
megaspilus Gould, Circus, 10. - = eS
megonyx Wagl. Corvus - . App. 15
Meiffrenii Viet/l. Ortyxelos, 1. - - 511
melachistos Hodgs. Campephaga, 35. - 283
melachitaceus Spix, Chrysotis, 17. - 422
melena Riipp. Thamnobia, 8. - - 185
melaleuca Forst. Artamus, 1. - - 285

Page

melaleucus Sparr. Tachyphonus, 1. - 365
melampyga Licht, Aramides, 2. - - 594
Licht, Hirundo, 25. - - 58

melanaétos Sav. Aquila, 4. - es
Gmel. Haliaétus, 1. - thet lies
melanaétus Linn. Aquila, 1. - = 19
melanaria Ménétr. Formicivora, 13. - 212

melanauchen Zemm. Sterna, 38. 659; App. 29

melancholica Tschudi, Starneenas, 2. - 479
melancholicus Linn. Agelaius, 7. - - 347
var. B Lath. Agelaius, 1. - 347

Vieill. Tyrannus, 9. 247;

App. i
melanictera Gmel. Amadina, 5. - - 369
Giildenst, Euspiza, 1. - - 376
Gmel, Muscicapa, 39. - - 263
melanicterus Pr. Bonap, Cacicus, 14. « 342
Vieill. Copsychus, 5. ~ - 177
Vieill. Icterus, 2. - - 343
melanion Vieill. Gallophasis, 13. - - 498

melanobronchos Shaw, Morphnus opt

melanocephala M* Clell. Amadina, 32. - 370
Vieill. Anas, 18. 616; App. 28
G. R Gray, Anthornis, 2. - 123

Childr. Ardea, 2. - B55;
Suppl. App. 30 ¢
Raffi. Ardea, 57. - - 556
Riipp. Caceabis, 4. - - 508
Pr. Max. Carpornis, 1. - 279
Gray, Ceriornis, 2. - - 499

Riipp. Chettusia, 11. - 541
Gmel, Cygnus, 3. - - 610
Scop. Euspiza,1. - - 376

Gmel. Hyphantornis, 1. - 351

Riipp. Laimodon, 8. - 429
Lath. Manorbina - iS, 6
Savi, Motacilla, 15. - 203
Vieill. Pipra, 3. - - 274
Forsten, Pitta, 23. - - 214

Wagl. Pitta,28. = - 214

Lath. Psilorhinus, 4. - 308

Licht. Pyrrhulauda, 3. - 381
Tschudi, Setophaga, 15. = 265

Vieill. Sitta, 4. - - 147

Gould, Sittella, 2. - - 148

Vieill. Spermophila, 33. - 386

Pr. Max, Spermophila Rey, 18

Gmel. Sylvia, 1. - - 174
melanocephalum Spiz, Todirostrum, 3. = 257
melanocephalus Less. Anabates, 10. - 138
Vigors, Cinclus, 2. - 549

Vieill. Conurus, 19. - 413

Bonelli, Garrulus, 2. - 306

Lath. Geronticus, 6. - 566

Meyer, Gypaetus, 1. = ug

Vahl, Hetzrornis, 1. - 335

Wagl. Ieterus, 7. - - 343

Temm. Larus, 20. - 654

Lath. Malurus, 8. 165; App.8
Gould, Melithreptus, 8. _- 128
Linn. Oriolus,7. 232; App.11

Gould, Pardalotus, 5. 270;

App. 13
King, Piecus, 29. - - 435
Swains. Pitylus, 7. "= 362
Vieill. Ploceus, 14. - 352
Gmel. Pluvianus, 1. - 536
Gmel. Porphyrio, 14. - 598
Linn. Psittacus, 15. 421;

App. 20
Sturm, Pteroglossus App. 19
Penn, Ptilonopus, 22. - 467

Gmel, Pyenonotus, 14. 237;

App. 11

Gray, Pycnonotus, 13. - 237

Gould, Trogon, 17. - 70

Vieill. Turdus, 85. - 219

melanoceps Less. Dendrocolaptes, 10, - 140
melanochloris Gmel. Chrysoptilus, 1. - 440
melanochrysura Less. Icterus, 10. - 343
melanocorypha Molin, Cygnus, 3. - 610

Vieill, Piaya, 15. 457; App. 22
melanocrissus Riipp. Hirundo - App. 4
melanocyaneus Harti. Cyanocorax, 20. - 307
melanodera Quoy & Gaim. Emberiza, 25. - 377

Page

melanodera Quoy & Gaim. Meliphaga, 23, - 122
melanogaster Ménétr. Conopophaga, 5 - 255
Vieill, Cyanocorax, 4. - 307

Swains. Estrelda, 11. - 368

Riipp. Eupodotis, 16. 533;

Suppl. App. 30 ¢

Spix, Formicarius, 10. - 211

Less. Graculus, 28. - - 668

Hay, Wemicireus - App. 21

Swains, Hirundo, 22. - 58

Temm. Hydrobata, 2. - 215

Temm. Hy drochelidon, 7 660 ;

App. 30

Swains. Juida, 10. = - 327

Gould, Oreotrochilus, 5. - 104

Gmel. Plotus, 2. - - 664

var. Lath. Plotus, 1. - 664

Swains. Ramphopis, 3. - 363

Bechst. Squatarola, 1. - 543

Swains. Tchitrea, 8. - 260

Gould, Thalassidroma, 8. - 648

Gould, Turnix, 17. 511; iho 24
melanogastra Lath. Ploceus, 13. —- - 352
melanogenys G. R. Gray, Anoiis, 10. - 661
Gould, Faleo, 6 19; App. 2

Fras. Mellisuga, 35. - - 112
melanognathus Brandt, Graculus, 25. - 667

Horsf. Phoenicophaus, 2. 459;

App. 22

melanoleuca Gmel. Amadina, 6. - - 369
Lath, Anseranas, 1. 604; App. 27

Vieill. ret eae 10. - 212

Vieill. Grallina, 1. - - 204

Hodgs. Muscicapa, 35. 263; App. 12

Vieill. Muscieapa, 66. - 263
Lath. Phaps, 4. - ani
Vieill. Picea, 1. - - 314
Quoy & Gaim. Rhipidura, 26. 259
S. G. Gmel. Saxicola, 4. - 178
Vieill. Tchitrea, 17. + - 260
Hartl. Turdus, 27. - - 219
melanoleucos Steph. Arctica, 1. = - 645
Valence. Mellisuga, 5. - 112
Gmel. Oxylophus, 3. - 464
melanoleucus 4. Smith, Astur, 4. - my Arf
Gmel. Bucco, 5. - - 74
Licht. Buceros, 29. - - 400
Vieill. Buceros, 28. - 400
Gmel. Circus, 6. 32; App. 2
Less. Copsyehus, 7. capil 7)
Lath. Cracticus, 3. - - 300
var. Lath. Dryocopus App. 21
Vieill. Graculus, 23. - 667
Pr. Maz. Hirundo, 34. . - 58
Blyth, Verax, 4. - =p Ait
A. Smith, Lanius, 26. - 291
Vieill. Meliphaga, 19. - 122
Vieill. Micrastur, 1. « - 28
Gray, Mieroscelis, 2. - 235
Eyton, Microscelis, 3. - 235

Vieill. Pontoaétus, 6. 18; App.2

Vieill. Saltator, 8. - - 363
Vieill. Spizaétus - App. 1
Less. Sturnopastor, 3. - 336
Gmel. Totanus, 9. 573; App. 26
melanolopha Vieill. Mellisuga, 101. - 114
melanolophus Vigors, Parus, 5. - - 192
Hodgs. Parus - App. 9
melanonotos Penn, Sarkidiornis, 1. - 605

Lath. Aquila, 1. - - 13
melanope Pall. Motacilla, 10. -
melanophaia Viei/l. Corethrura, 7. - 595
melanophrys Temm. Diomedea, 3. 650; App. 29

Lath. Manorhina, 1. - 127

melanopis Tschudi, Diglossa, 5. - - 137
Gmel. Geronticus, 15. _- - 566

Lath. Tanagra, 15. = - 365
melanopogon Temm. Calamodyta, 12. - 172
Licht. Melanerpes, 5. - 444

melanops Lath. Accipiter, 11. - - 29
Gould, Anolis” - - App. 30

Lath. Buteo, 14. - 12

Lath. Campephaga, 11. 283; App. 13

Less. Centropus, 23. 455

Vieill. Charadrius, 29. - ~ 544

INDEX OF

SPECIFIC NAMES

Page
566; App. 26
119; App. 6

melanops Forst. Geronticus, 15.
Lath. Glyciphila, 1.

Lath. Meliphaga, 2. - - 121

Vieill. Myiobius, 55. - 249

Vigors, Niltava, 14. 264 ; App. 12

Vieill. Numenius, 9. 569; App. 26

Vieill. Ortygometra, 2. - - 593

Vieill. Synallaxis, 24, 136; App. 6

Vieill, Tachyphonus - App. 16

Vieill. Troglodytes, 32. = - 158
melanopsis Wagl. Agelaius, 12. - - 347
melanoptera Eyton, Bernicla, 5. 607; App. 27
Riipp. Campephaga, 36. - 283

Blyth, Campephaga~s- App. 13

Temm. Columba, 17. - - 470

Nordm. Glareola - App. 25

Horsf. Haleyon, 18. - = 19)

Temm. Haleyon, 13. - - 79

Daud. Hetzrornis, 8. - - 335

Blyth, Pica, 3. = - 314

Gmel, Platysteira, 1. - - 256

Scop. Psittacula, 16, 423; App. 20

Swains. Sterna, 25. 9 = - 659

Gould, Strepera - App. 14
melanopterus Riipp. Charadrius, 6. - 544
Daud, Elanus, 1. - - 26

Vig. & Horsf. Elanus, 2. - 96

Meyer, Himantopus, 1. - 577

Pr. Neuw. Leuconerpes, 1. - 444

Gmel. Psittacula, 5. - 423

Swains. Trogon, 3. - 69

melanopus, Wagl. Ardea, 18. - - 555
Gmel. Garrulax, 2. - - 295

Gmel. Procellaria, 5. 648; App. 29

Sol. Procellaria, 17. - 648

melanopygius Vieill. Totanus, 18. 573; App. 26.

melanorhinus Naum. Cygnus, 5. - - 610
melanorhoa Viei/l. Mniotilta, 77. - 197
melanorhyncha Temm. Haleyon, 19. > Us)
melanorhynchos Licht, Irrisor, 2. - gO
Gmel. Phaéton, 2. - 663
Reinchenb, Platalea App. 25
melanorhynchus Tschudi, Anabates, 25. 138;
App. 6
Bodd. Centropus, 14. - 455
Vieill. Coreorax, 1. - 321
Meyer, Cygnus, 4. - 610

Mill. & Schl. Eudynamys,
Ws - - - 464
Temm, Larus, 30. - 654
Sykes, Palzornis, 3 - 409
Wagl. Palzornis, 11. - 410
Cuv. Piaya - App. 22
Riipp. Plocepasser, | = 354
melanosoma Swains. Pyrrhulauda, 1 - 381
melanosternon Gould, Buteo, 13. - oe 2
melanota Licht. Psittacula, 6 423; App. 20
melanotha Viei//. Calliste - - App. 17
melanothorax Temm. Macronus, 3. - 210
melanotis Cuv. Ardea - - App. 25
Temm. Bucco, 11. - - 74
Swains. Calliste, 17. - - 366

Gould, Campephaga, 9. 283; App. 13
Jerd, Circaétus, 7. - 16

Temm. Emberizoides, 2. - 360
Valence. Enneoctonus, 4. - 291
Temm. Estrelda, 13. - - 368
Swains. Furnarius, 2. - - 182
Blyth, Garrulax, 9. - - 225
Swains, Hylocharis, 28. - 114
Guér. Hyphantornis, 28. - 351
Lafr. Hyphantornis, 25. - S51
Swains. Hyphantornis, 16. = S51
Reichenb. Larus - App: 29
Temm. & Schl. Milvus, 6. 24; App. 2
Gould, Mimus, 10. - - 221
Temm. Mimus, 16. - - 221
Sandb, Parus, 40. - - 192
Licht. Phextornis, 3. - - 104
Swains. Phetusa, 3. - - 660
Shaw, Piatycercus, 23. - 408
Lafr, Psittacus - App. 20
Hodgs. Pteruthius - App. 13

melanotus Tschudi, Athene, 27. 35; App. 3
Pucher. Athene Suppl. App. 30a

Page

melanotus G. R. Gray, Botaurus, 2. = ODT
Vieill. Buteo, 17. - - 12

Swains. Calliste, 8. - - 366

Blyth, Chrysocolaptes, 3. ~ 436

Gould, Climacteris, 6. 145; App. 7

Blyth, Gallophasis - App. 24

Gould, Malurus, 6. - - 165

Temm. Porpbyrio, 5. 598; App. 27

Vieill. Tringa, 5. - 579

Dubus, Turdus, 102. - - 220

Gould, Turnix, 5. - - 510

Gould, Turnix - App. 24
melanoviridis Vieill. Parra, 12. - - 589
melanoxantha Licht. Campephaga, 4. - 283
Wagl. Fringilla, 20. - 371

Licht. Nemosia App. 17
melanoxanthum Hodgs. Dieceum, 27. - 100
melanoxanthus Hodgs. Coccothraustes, 5. - 358
melanura Sparrm. Anthornis, 1. - 123
Kaup, Ceyx - - App. 5

Gould, Climacteris, 5. 145; App. 7

G. R. Gray, Enicornis, 2. - 133

Vieill. Estrelda, 7. - - 368

Ménétr. Formicivora, 21. = 212

Strickl, Formicivora, 22. - 212

Leisler, Limosa, 1. - - 570

Gmel, Mareea, 1. - - 614

Sparrm. Nectarinia, 39. 98; Appi 5

Gould, Pachyeephala, 11, 271; App.13

Bonn. Puffinus, 12. - - 647

G. R. Gray, Rhipidura, 3. - 258

Swains. Rhynchops, 2. - - 656

Less. Ruticilla, 12. - - 180

Temmn. Saxicola, 9. - - 179

Gould, Sterna, 18. - - 659

Temm. Sula, 2. = - - 666

Hodgs. Trochalopteron, 1. - 226
melanuroides Gowd, Limosa, 2. - - 570
melanurus Pr. Bonap. Aramides, 7. - 594
Gould, Centropus - App. 22

Gmel. Coccothraustes, 2. - 358

Spix, Couurus, 16. 413; App. 19

Vieill. Himantopus, 4. 577; App. 26

Licht. Lanius - App. 14

Vig. & Horsf. Merops. App. 5

Temm. Larus, 9. - - 654

Vigors, Platyeereus, 16. 408; App.19

Blyth, Pomatorhinus App. 11

Vieill. Rhamphocenus, 1. - 157

Swains. Trogon, !. - 69

melas Miill. & Schl. Campephaga, 97. - 283
Garn. Lanius - - App. 14
melasoma Less. Nectarinia, 100. - - 99
melasomus Swains. Hoplopterus, 2. - 542
melba Linn. Cypselus, 3. - - ~ +
Linn. Estrelda, 33. = - 869
meleagris Wagl. Cyrtonyx, 1. - - 513
Pall. Neophron, 1, - tO

Linn. Numida, 1. - - 501

Licht. Thamnopbilus, 8 - 297

meliceps Horsf. Tora, 2. - - - 199
melitensis Schemb. Thalassidroma, 2. 648 ;
App. 29

mellinus Lath. Sericulus, 1 233; App. 11
mellisugus Linn. Polytmus, 41, - - 108
mellivora Lath. Anthochera, 1. 122; App. 6
Shaw, Glyciphila - App. 6

Linn. Topaza, 6. - - 110
mellivorus Licht. Lanius, 25. - - 291
meloda Tschudi, Columbina, 6. 474; App. 24
melodia Wils. Vireo, 10. - - - 268
Wils. Zonotrichia, 2. - - 373

melodus Ord, Charadrius, 37. 544; App. 25
Wils. Turdus, 44. - - 219
meloryphus Pr. Max. Euscarthmus, 1. - 251
meloxantha Sparrm. Toditortr ety Ie - 257
melpoda Vieill. Estrelda, 22. - - 369
membranaceus Lath. Malacorhynchus, Im 6185
App. 28

menebiki Garn. Centropus, 20. —- - 455
Menetriesii D’ Orb. Formicarius, 15. - 211
meninting Horsf. Alcedo, 4. - - 81
menstruus Scop. Chrysocolaptes - App. 21
Psittacus, 9. - - 421

mentalis Jard. Artamus - - App. 13

mentalis Vig. § Horsf. Campephaga, 13,

Fras. Drymoiea, 40. -

Suppl. App. 30 a

Temm. Formicarius, 18. -
Jerd. Gecinus, 8.
Temm. Gecinus, 14.
Less. Icterus, 18.

211

438; App. 21
439; App. 21
343; App. 15

D’ Orb. & Lafr. Muscisaxicola, 2, - 202

Licht. Synallaxis, 9. - - 135
mercearius T'schudi, Psittacus, 29, 421; App. 20
merganser Linn. Mergus, 1. - ~ 629
Meriane Shaw, Cairina, 1. - - 618
meridionalis Risso, Athene, 44. - - 35

King, Columba, 12. = - 470
Brehm, Fringilla, 33. - - 371
Brehm, Gypaétus, 1. - - 2
Temm. Lanius, 4. - - 290
Lath. Morphnus - App. |
Gmel. Nestor, 1. . - 426
Swains. Picus, 28, 485; App. 21
Lawr. Procellaria - App. 29
Swains. Trogon, 6. = - 69
Merlini D’ Orb. Saurothera, 2. - - 452
meropirostris Wagl. Melanerpes, 6 - 444
Merremii Less. Pheenicercus,2, + - 273
mersa Pall. Erismatura, 1. - - 627
merula Licht. Dendrocinela, 3. - - 141
Linn. Turdus, 15. - - - 218
merulinus Scop. Conurus, 9. - - 413
Scop. Cuculus, 7. - - 463
meruloides Vigors, Grallaria, 8. —« - 213
Vigors & Horsf. Oriolus, 21. 232;
App. 11
Blyth, Pachyeephala_ - App. 13
Swains. 'Turdus, 48, - - 219
Vigors, Zonotrichia, 23. - 374
mesomelas Licht. Xanthornus, 8, - - 344
metallica, Temm. Calornis, 2. = - 327
Temm, Carpophaga, 19, - - 469
Vigors, Columba, 21. - - 470
Licht. Nectarinia, 29. - 98
metallicus Vig. & Horsf. Cuculus, 2 - 463
Temm. Myiophonus, 1. - - 214
Eyton, Pyenonotus, 15, - - 237
metopias Peppig, Fuligula, 6. 621; App. 28
metopoleuca Gel. Sterna, 36. - - 659
mexicana Gel. Cereba, 6. = = 101
var. B Lath. Calliste, 22, ‘ - 366
Linn, Calliste, 21. - - 366
Less. Embernagra, 3. - - 361
Lath. Euspiza, 5. - - 376
Audub, Fringilla, 28. - - 371
Gmel. Fringilla, 20. - - 371
Linn. Fringilla, 27. - - 371
Briss. Grus, 6. - - = 552,
Briss. Pteroeyanea, 5. = - 617
Less. Pyranga, 7. - - 364
Less. Seaphidurus, 1. = - 341
Swains. Sialia, 2, - - 184
Lath, Spatula, 1. - - 618
mexicanoides Lafr. Colaptes, 7. = - 446
mexicanus Swains, Accipiter,4. = - 29
Swains. Colaptes, 3. - - 446
Gmel, Geococeyx, 4. = - 453
Brandt, Graculus, 14, = - 667
Briss. Himantopus, 3. = - 577
Swains. Hydrobata, 5. - = 215
Gmel. Ibis, 5. - - - 565
Leach, Icterus, 3. - - 343
Linn. Icterus, 2. - 343
Steph. Milvulus - App. 11
Swains. Momotus, 7. -
Dubus, Morphnus - cor! 1
Linn. Ortyx, 1. - - 514
Gmel. Otus, 10. - - 40
Briss. Pauxi, 1. - - 487
Temm. Perisoreus, 2. = - 306
Gmel. Porphyrio, 17. - - 598
Riipp. Psilorhinus, 1. - - 308
Gmel. Quisealus, 7. - - 341
Swains. Scolecophagus, 2. - 340
Less. Tityra, 6. - - 253
Less. Todus, 2. - - 63
Licht. Troglodytes, 44. ~ - 158

94 INDEX OF SPECIFIC

Page

mexicanus Swains. Troglodytes, 19. - 158
Swains, Trogon, 16. = - 70

Meyeri Leisler, Limosa, 3. - - - 570
Riipp. Psittacus, 4. 421; App. 20
miacatotot! Lath, Pipra, 4. - - 274
miclonia Bodd. Harelda, 1. - - 622
microcephalus Leach, Bubo - App. 3
microceros Brandt, Phaleris, 4. - - 638
microphthalmum Tyzenk, Syrnium, 10. = ~39
microptera Gould, Dasycephala, 7. - - 208
micropterus Gould, Cuculus, 5. - - 468
Kuhl, Psittacula, 5. - - 493

micropus Blyth, Brachypternus — - App. 22
Hodgs. Turdus, 13. 218; App. 10
microrhyncha Boiss. Mellisuga, $2. Sou
microscelis G. Rt. Gray, Ciconia, 5. - 561
microurus Gould, Pedionomus, 1. - 511
micrurus Rijpp. Oligura, 1. - - 156
migratoria Rafing. Mniotilta, 39. - - 196
migratorius Linn. Ectopistes, 1. 471; App. 23
Linn. ‘Turdus, 49, - - 219

Selby, ‘Turtur, 1, - - 472

miles Bodd, Chettusia, 4, - - - 541
Licht. Myiobius, 26. ~ - 249
Hodgs. Nectarinia, 61. - - 98
miliaria Linn, Emberiza, 24, 377; App. 17
militaris Linn, Ara, 6. - “ - 412
Gmel. Leistes, 2. - - 348

Vieill. Leistes, 2. = - 348

Shaw, Pipra, 2. - - - 274

Gmel. Querula, 2. - - 239

Linn, Sturnella, 2 337; App. 15

Jerd. Treron, 5. - = - 467

Temm. 'Treron, 4. - - 467

Milleri Bodd, Polytmus, 46. - - 108
milvoides Jerd, Aquila, 11. - - 14
Spix, Haliaétus, 7. 17; App. 2

Spiz, Morphnus - App. 1

milvus Linn. Milvus, 1. - = = 2,
Pall. Milvus, 2. - - - 24
mimus Pall, Perisoreus, 1. = - 306
minadensis Quoy & Gaim. Ephialtes, 7. - 38
mindanensis Gmel, Copsychus, 1. - ay leg
Linn. Eudynamys, 1. - 464

miniata Lafr. Setophaga, 3. ~ - 265
Swains. Setophaga, 8. - - 265
miniatus Forst. Gecinus, 13. = - 439
Temm. Pericrocotus, 1. - - 282

Ill, Picolaptes, 5. 140; on 6

minima Tick. Diceum, 13. - - 100
Vieill, Estrelda, 39. - - 369

Bodd. Fringilla, 52. - - 372

Linn. Fringilla, 69. - - 372

Steph. Gallinago, 4. - - 583

Less. Hylocharis, 16. - - 114

Swains. Mellisuga, 79. . - 113

Sykes, Nectarinia, 52. - - 98

Gould, Tityra, 32. - - 254
minimus Vig. & Horsf. Calamanthus, 5. - 164
Temm. Indicator, 4. = - 451

Audub. Myiobius, 61. - - 249

Towns. Parus, 37. - - 192

Lafr. Turdus - - App. 10

minor Briss. Alcea, 2. - - - 637
Vieill, Artamus, 6. - - - 285

Gmel. Atagen, 1. = - - 669

Wils. Botaurus, 4. - - = OW

Briss. Cacatua, 2. - - - 425
Meyer, Charadrius, 15. - - 544

Hartl. Chionis, 2. - 522; App. 25

Cab. Cissopes - - App. 16

Gmel. Coccyzus, 3. - 457; App. 22

Pall. Cygnus, 5. - 610; App. 27
Herm, Dendrocolaptes, 13. - 140
Forst. Eudyptes, 8. - - - 641

Steph. Indicator, 4. - - - 451
Riipp. Irrisor, 10. - - - 90

Gmel. Lanius, 11. - - - 290

Spix, Molothrus, 3. - = - 346

Spiz, Nothura, 4. - - - 525

Miill. & Schl. Numenius, 16. ~ 569

Forst. Paradisea, 2. - - 323

Temm. & Schl. Parus
Riipp. Pelecanus, 10.

Sanel eae 30b
668; App. 30

NAMES

Page
minor Geoffr. Pheenicopterus, 5. - - 603
ymel. Philohela, 1 584; App. 26

Linn. Picus, 3. - 435; App. 21

Gmel. Podiceps, 7. - - - 633

var. B Lath, Podiceps, 8. - - 633

Gmel. Psittacula, 16. - - 423

Vieill. Psittacus, 23. - - 421

Gmel, Turdus, 48. - - - 219

Gmet. Upupa, 2. - - 90; App. 5

Gmel. Uria, 4. - - - 645

Briss. Yphantes, 1. - - - 344
minullus Daud. Accipiter, 9. - = 99
Vieill. Polytmus, 69. - - 108

minulus Cuv. Melittophagus, 1. - -« 86
minus Spiz, Conurus, 12. - - - 413
Forst. Saxicola - . App. 8
minuta Meyen, Amadina, 33. - - 370
Brehm, Aquila, 11. - - 14

Linn. Ardea, 41. - - - 556

Linn. Chamepelia, 3. 475; App. 24

Linn, Clangula, 4. - - 622

Shaw, Drymoiea, 12? - - 163

Pr. Max. Hirundo, 39. - 58; App. 4

Wils. Mniotilta, 6. - - 196

Swains. Mniotilta, 26. - - 196

Mont. Ortygometra, 10. = - 593

Pall, Ortygometra, 10. - - 593

Vieill. Piaya,2. - - 457

Linn. Spermophila, 16. S86 ; App. 18

Linn. Sterna, 36. - - 659

Wils. Sterna, 37. 659; Suppl App. 30¢
Leisl. Tringa, 11, - - 579

minutella Vieill, Tringa, 15. 579; App, 26
minutissima Pr. Max. Athene, 14. - $5
minutissimus Gmel. Picumnus, 1, 432; App.21
minutus Linn. Accipiter, 10. - - 29
Vieill, Accipiter, 8. - - 29
Naum. Anser, 5. - - - 607
Pall. Charadrius, 15. . - 544

Forst. Corethrura, 20. es - 595
D Orb. & Lafr. Formicarius, 13. 211;

App. 9
Linn. Ibis, t. - - - 565
Pall. Larus, 34. - 654; App. 29
Vieill. Melittophagus, 1. - - 86
Linn, Mergellus, 1. - - 629
Gmel. Myiobius, 50. - - 249

Gould, Numenius, 15. 569; App. 26

Gmel. Ortygometra, 11. - 593
var. Lath. Ortygometra - App. 27
Forst. Petroica, 13. - - 183
Gmel. Picumnus - - App. 21
Lath. Picumnus, 1. - ~ 432
Pall, Podiceps, 5. “ - 633
Leisl. Tringa, 11. - - - 579
mirabilis Homb. & Jacq. Amadina, 30. - 370
Lodd. Mellisuga, 58. - - 113
Bechst. Menura, 1. - - 153
mirafra Temm. Mirafra, 1. - - 383

mississipensis D’ Orb. & Lafr. Pyranga, 4. 364

Gmel. Pyranga, 2. - - 364

Gmel. Pyranga, 3. - - 364

Licht. Pyranga, 4. - - 364

Wils. Ictinia, 2. - - 26

Mitchelii Boure. Mellisuga, 74. - - 113
Fras. Phegornis, 1. - 545;

Spel App. 30 ¢

mitrata Licht. Dacnis, 8. - 102
Pall. Numida, 2. = - - 501

Lath, Setophaga, 12. - - 265

Miill. Timalia - - App. 10

Licht. Tityra, 35. - - 254
mitratus Tschudi, Conurus, 38. 414; App. 19
Miill. Garrulax, 15. 225; App. 10

Licht. Pelecanus, 3. - - 668

Pr. Maz. Psittacula, 1. - - 422

mitu Linn, Pauxi, 2. = - - 487
mixtus Bodd. Picus - - App. 21
mocinno De la Liave. Calurus Suppl. App. 30 a
mocoa De Lattr. Mellisuga, 52. - = 113
Gould, Aimadina, 19. - - 370

Eyton, Arachnothera, 4. - - 99

Gray, Ardea, 21. - - 555

Swains. Corethrura, 13. = - 595

Page

modesta Pr. Max. Elania, 3. - - 250
Tschudi, Elania, 27. - - 251

Licht. Euphonia . App. 17

Hartl. Hyphantornis, 33. - 351

Temm. Macropygia, 6. = - 471

Swains, Myiobius, 23. . - 249

Gould, Petroica, 3. 183; App. 8

Licht. Squatarola, 2. - - 543

Pr. Max. Tityra, 42. - - 254
modestus Vigors, Hemilophus, 1 - 439

Tschudi, Larus, 33.
Fr. Palzornis, 13.

654; App. 29
410; App. 19

Burt. Parus, 46 - - 192

Strichl. Pericrocotus - App. 13

Gould, Progne, 2. - - 59

Gould, Regulus, 3. - - 175

Blyth, Turdus, 113. = - 220

Eyton, Turdus, 14. 218; App. 10
modularis Linn. Accentor, 8. - - 187
modulator Gould, Mimus, 7. - 221
D’ Orb. & mie Troglodytes 42. 158

mogilnik Gmel. Aquila, 2. - 18
mokoko Vieill. Botaurus, 4. - - 557
Molina Less. Phytotoma, 1. = - 390
Moline G. R. Gray, Peleeanus, 9. - 668
Lath. Spheniscus, 4. - - 640
molitensis A. Smith, Passer, 13. - - 373
molitor Licht, Platysteira, 2. - - 256
mollis Blyth, Accentor - - App. 8
Gould, Proceilaria, 5. - - 648
mollissima Linn. Somateria, 1. 624; App. 28
mollissimus Swains. Laniarius, 17. - 299
Blyth, 'Turdus, 12. - - 218

moloxita Riipp. Oriolus, 10. - - 232
molucea Linn. Amadina, 34. - - 370
Cuv. Geronticus, 6. - - 566
moluccensis Blyth, Aleedo - App. 5
Gmel. Cacatua, 4. 425; App. 20

Briss. Lorius, 5. - ~ 416

Gmel. Picus, 15. 435; App. 21

Gray, Picus - App. 21

Gray, Phyllornis,1. 124; App. 6

Gmel. Tropidorhynchus, 4. 125;

; App. 6

momota Linn. Momotus, 1. sy - 68
momotula Licht. Momotus, 9. - - 68
momus Ehrenb. Sylvia, 1 = - 174
monacha Temm. Grus, 4. = - 552
Swains. Platysteira, 10. - - 257

Riipp. Saxicola, 7. - - 179
monachus Riipp. Centropus, 8. - - 455
Geoffr. Charadrius, 28. - 544

Bodd. Conurus, 25. 414; oe 19

Licht. Copurus, 1, ap, - 244

Vieill. Cymindis - App. 2

Temm. Haleyon, 23. - = 9

Hartl. Milvulus, 5 248; App. 11
= oS

Temm. Neophron, 2. -
Gmel. Oriolus, 10. - - 232
Wagl. Oriolus, 12. - - 232
G. R. Gray, Parus suppl App. 30 b
Cuv Piaya, 8. - - 457
Reinw. Ptilonopus, 8. 466; App. 23
Lath. Tropidorhynchus, !. - 125
Linn. Vultur, 1 3; App. 1
monedula Linn. Corvus, 16. 315; App. 15
moneduloides Less. Corvus - App. 15
mongolica Pall. Melanocorypha, 4. - 381
mongolus Pall. Charadrius, 10. - - 544
moniliger Hodgs Garrulax,11. — - - 225
monilis Vigors, Columba, 14. - - 470
monocerata Pall, Cerorhina, 1. - - 639
monoceros Shaw, Buceros, 4. - - 399
monogrammica Valenc, Francolinus, 6. - 505
monogrammicus Temm. Accipiter, 17. - 29
monolophos Wagl. Upupa, 3. - - 90
Montagui Viei/l. Circus, 4. = = yl
Pr, Bonap. Gallinago, 1. - 583
Tschudi, Bernicla, 11. - - 607
Horsf. Brachypteryx, 1. - - 209
Nutt. Buteo, 1. - aT
Horsf. Calamodyta, 30. - - 172
Jerd. Calamodyta, 22. - - 172
’ Gmel. Cotyle, 3. - - 60

INDEX OF SPECIFIC NAMES. 95

Page Page Page
montana Less. Mellisuga, 77. - - 113 | munda Kuhl, Puffinus, 6. - - - 647 | mysticalis Gould, Meliphaga, 22. 122; App. 6
Wils. Mniotilta, 8 - - 196 Sol. Puffinus, 6. - - - 647 Swains. Phyllornis, 7. 124; App. 6
Gmel, Perdix, 1 - - 506 | muralis Merr. Pterocyanea - App. 28
Linn Peristera, 2. 476; App. 24 | muraria Linn. Tichodroma, 1. 145; App; 7
Gmel. Plectrophanes, 1. - - 379 | murarius Temm. Cypselus, 1. - - 54
D’ Orb. & Lafr. Tanagra,, L 18. - 365 Licht. Troglodytes, 43. - - 158 | nabouroup Daud, Juida, 25. - - 327
Koch, Turdus, 99. - 220 | murina Gmel. Mniotilta, 59. - - 196 | nacunda Vieill. Podager, 1. - = 52
Swains. Turdus, 103. - - 220 D Orb. & Lafr. Aemapters 2 . = 241 | nacurutu Vieill, Bubo, 12. - Evry /
montanellus Pall. Accentor, 6. - - 187 | murinus Gmel. Conurus, 25. - 414 | nevia Gmel. Aquila, 4. - - 13; App 1
montanina Pall. Passer, 5. - - 373 Swains. Conurus, 43. - - 414 Bodd, Calamodyta, 2. - = Nie
montanus Tschudi, Anabates, 23. 138; Ia 6 Spix, Myiobius, 75. - - 249 Gmel. Conopophaga, 6. - - 255
Koch, Anthus, 2. = - 206 Less. Troglodytes,: Blo 158 Daud. Coracias, 3. - - - 62
Blyth, Anthus - - oo 9 | muse Forst. Tatare - ier. 8 Gmel. Ephialtes, 9. . - 38
Malm. Anthus” - - App. 9 | muscarina Briss. Coracnpse, 1. 407; App. 19 Gmel. Formicivora - - App. 9
Towns. Charadrius, 39. - 544 | muscicapoides Frankl. Tephrodornis, 1. - 290 Less, Gallinula, 7. - - - 599
Gmel. Chenalopex, 3 605 ; App.27 | muscicola Lath Seisura, 1. - - 261 Gmel. Glareola, 1. - - - 538
D Orb. & Lafr. Cinclodes: 5. - 132 | muscipeta Bechst. Muscicapa, 2. - - 262 Briss. Hydrochelidon, 5. - - 660
Gmel. Circus, 1. - 32 Scop. Pratineola - App. 8 Linn. Hydrochelidon, 3. - - 660
Temm. Corvus, 4. - - 315 | muscipetoides Hodgs. Chaptia, 1, - - 288 Pall, Larus, 19. - - - 654
Jerd. Cypselus” - - App. 4 | musculus Licht. Troglodytes - App. 7 Gmel. Muscicapa, 48. - ~ 263
Linn. Fringilla, 5. - - 372 | musica Vieill. Estrelda, 41. - - 369 Gmel. Ortygometra, 1. - - 593
D’ Orb. Milvago, 5. - - 10 Gmel. Euphonia, 1. - - 367 Gme!. Tringa, 1. - - - 579
Towns. Mimus - App. 10 Temm. Gracula, 2 - - 330 | naevioides Cuv. Aquila, 6. - =i Ape 1
Gamb. Parus” - - App. 9 Vieill. Muscicapa, 67. - - 263 Lafr. Conopephaga - "App. 11
Horsf. Pomatorhinus, 1. - 229 Vieill. Zonotrichia, 2. - - 373 nevius Temm. Capita, DF Vea - - 430
Lafr. Turdus, 69. - - 219 | musicus Raffi. Copsychus, | - - 177 Linn. Diplopterus, 3. - - 456
Montezuma Less. Cacicus, 6. - - 342 Bechst. ene 4 - - 610 Gmel. Graculus, 16. - - 667
Vigors, Cyrtonyx, 1. - - 513 Fab. Cygnus, 5. - = - 610 Dumont, Grypus, 1. - - 105
monticola Peyr. Ardea, 3. - =E555 Pr. Bonap. Cygnus, 6. - - 610 Gmel. Larus, 2, - - - 654
Frankl. ee ae 17. - 48 Bodd. Cyphorhinus, 3. 156; App. 7 Bodd. Myiobius, 20. - - 249
Vieill. Columba, 26 = - 470 Vieill. Dicrurus, 15. = - 287 Bodd, Nycticorax, 2. = - 558
Tschudi, Calambina: 4. - 474 Cabot, Icterus, 21. - - 342 Gmel. Odontophorus, 10. - - 513
Lafr. Grallaria - App. 9 Daud, Melierax, 1 - - 30 Pall, Podiceps, 4. - - - 633
Vigors, Parus, 2. - - 192 Vieill. Meliphaga, 29. = - 122 Linn, Thamnophilus, Op - 297
M: Clell. Eyenonotus, 35: - 237 Swains. Myiobius, 36. - - 249 Less. Tityra, 1. - - - 253
Vieill. Saxicola, 22. - - 179 Linn. Turdus, 3. - = - 218 Briss. Totanus, 4. = - - 573
Jerd. Syrnium, 6. - - 39 Pall. Turdus, 2. - - - 218 Gmel, Turdus, 48. - = - 219
Gmel. Zonotrichia, 18. - - 374 Vieill. Vireo, 1. - : - 267 nzxvosa Gould, Tadorna, 3. ses
Vieill. Zonotrichia, 18. - 374 mustelina Licht. Ortygometra, 13. - - 593 naina Temm. Ptilonopus, 12. 467; Angie
Vigors, Zoothera, 1. - - 218 Gmel. Plectrophanes, 1. - - 379 nais Kaup, Alcedo - - App. :
montifringilla Linn. Fringilla, 2. - - 371 | mustelinus Gmel. Turdus, 44. - - 219 | namaqua Gmel. Pterocles, 3 = - 518
montium iGonel. Fringilla, 52. - 372 Wils. Turdus, 45. = - 219 | namaquus Licht. Dendrobates, 8. - - 437
montivagus D’ Orb. & Lafr. Rcanttalie 11. 55; | mutabilis Forst. Melanocorypha, 5 - 381 | nana Vig. § Horsf: Acanthiza, 1. = - 189
App. 4 | mutans Vieill. Buteo, 1. - - = 8) King, Athene, 15. - - - 35
moreotica Vander Mulhe, Melanocorypha, 2. 381 Vieill. Spermophila, 35. - - 386 Lafr. Grallaria, 9._—_- - - 213
morinella Linn. Cinclus, 1. = - 549 | mutata Gmel. Tchitrea, 2. = - 259 G. R. Gray, Megalaima, 27. - - 430
morinellus Linn. Charadrius, 7. —- - 544 var. Lath. Tchitrea,3. —- - 259 Temm. Nothura, 5. - : - 525
morio Miill. & Schl. Camp puae>, 39. - 283 | mutatus Wils. Xanthornus, 7. - - 344 Pucher. Pyrrhula_ = < App. 18
Forst. Corvus - App. 15 | muthura Gray, Gallophasis, 10. - - 498 | nanus Vigors, Conurus, 32. 414; App. 19
Linn, Gallus, 9. - - 499 | muticus Linn. Pavo,2. - - - 494 Dubus, Cyanocorax - = App. 14
Daud, Juida, 26. - - - 327 | mutus Leach, Lagopus, 3. - - - 517 Vigors, Megalaima, 27. = = 430
Licht. Psilorhinus, 1, - - 308 myeteria Jil. Mycteria, 1. - - - 562 Vigors, Picus, 16. = = - 435
Ehrenb. Saxicola, 13. - =) 14/8) myiotherinus Spiz, Formicarius, 8. 211; App. 9 Blyth, Pontoaétus, 3. - 18; App. 2
morphnoides Gould, Aquila, 10. - - 14 | myops Less. Hoplopterus, 13. : - 542 Less. Pteroptochos, 14. - - 155
Mortieri Dubus, Tribonyx, 1 599; App. 27 | myristicivora Scop, Carpophaga, 3. - 468 ; Gould, Pyrocephalus, 4. = - 250
Mortoni Audub. Zonotrichia, 15. - - 373 App. 23 Audub. Turdus, 51. = - 219
moschata Linn. Cairina, 1. - - 618 | mysia Vieill. Spermophila, 11. - - 386 Nutt. Turdus = = App. 10
moschita Linn. Mellisuga, 96. . - 113 | mystacalis Temm. Climacteris - App. 7 | Napoleonis Pr. Mass. Polyplectron, 6. - 495
mosellana Gmel. Anthus, 6 - - 206 G. S. Cyanocorax, 16. - - 307 narbonensis Gmel. Paroides, ite - - Boe
mosquera Bourc. & Latr. Hylocharis, 5. - 114 Lafr. Diglossa - - App. 6 narcissina Temm. Muscicapa, Laas - 263
motacilloides Vig. & Horsf. Rhipidura, 20. 259; Less. Graculus, 27. - - 668 | narcissus Lath. Paleornis, 5. 5 sg o8
App. 12 Temm. Nectarinia, 69. - = (98 natina Vieili. Ayaloderma, 1. - - 70
motmot Gmel. Ortalida, 1 - - 485 | mystacea G. R. Gray, Diglossa - App. 6 | nasalis Less. Dendrocolaptes, 14. - - 140
mugimaki Temm. Muscicapa, 13. - 263 Riipp. Drymoica, 35. - - 163 | Nashvillei Viedll. Mniotilta, 48. - ri alas
Mulleri Temm. Carpophaga, 20. abo; App. 23 Vieill. Estrelda, 25. - - 369 | nasica Cuv. Buceros > : pp. 19
Brehm, Larus, 2. - 654 Lath Meliphaga, 2. - - 121 , Less. Cymbirhynehus, 1. pee a
Temm. Phyllornis, 3. ‘24; ; Aas 6 Temm. Peristera, 13. - - 476 | nasicus Temm. Corvus, 12. 315; App. AS
Miill. & Schl. Psittacus, 36. - 421 Pall. Phaleris, 6. - - 638 Temm. Licmetis, 1. - = tee
Mulsantii Boure. Mellisuga, 63. - = 113 Ménétr. Sylvia, 4. = - 174 | naso Gould, Calyptorhynchus, 9. 426; App. a6
multicolor Gmel. Celeus, 7. = - 440 | mystaceus Viei//. Dendrobates, 8. - - 437 nasuta Spiz, Spermophila, 10. 3 - 38
Gmel. Lora, 2 - 199 Vieill. Dicrurus, 16. - - 287 nasutus Linn. Buceros, 32. 400; App. 19
G. R. Gray, Laniarius, 14, - 299 Pr Maz. Fluvicola, 1. - - 249 Lath. Cymbirhynehus, os = Zee
Gmel. Petroica, 1. 183; App. 8 Lath. Laniarius, 13. - - 299 Scop. Lanius, 13. i : ee
Brown. Platycereus, 17. - 408; Less. Macropteryx, 3. - 2 OE: Lath. Tanygnathus, ae = F Eon
App. 19 Shaw, Palzornis, 12. - - 410 natalensis Smith, Bessonornis, emt - cae
Gmel. Polytmus, 35, = - 108 Vieill, Platyrhynechus — - App. 11 Smith, Caprimulgus, 10. - a
Scop. Querquedula, 10. - 616 Vieill, Regulus, 2. - - 175 Smith, pee casera oe is : ee
Gmel. Setophaga Suppl. App. 30 b Steph. Trichas, | - - 197 A ee se te E : Bae
Vieill. Vanagra, 13. 364; App. 16 | mystacina Temm. Corethrura, 19. - - 595 Jard. Sees Daal Ls
Swains. Tanagrella, 1. 366; App. 17 | mystacinus Vie#l/. Mellisuga, 5. - - 112 A, ae 5 Sh Mes aa eae
Gould, Todus, 3. - 62 mystacophanes Temm. Megalaima, 4. - 429 | natans Bechst. ones Z bs
Gmel. Trichoglossus, 3. - - - 411 mystax Spir, Fluvicola, } - - 242 Kaup, ee = oy i 5 573
multistriata Licht. Hemipalama, - 578 Spiz, Mellisuga, 89. - - 113 natator Vieill. otanus, 8. - es
istri¢ 1 i =. 50 Nattererii Pr. Bonap. Certhia, 1 143
multistriatus Lafr. Thamnophilus, 29. - 298 © my ysticalis Temm. Eurostopodus, 1

bb

96

INDEX OF SPECIFIC NAMES.

Page

Nattererii Briss. Cotinga, 3 - - 279
Less, Hylocharis, 29. - - 114

Malh. Picus - - App. 21

Temm, Podager, 2. - - 52

Gould, Pteroglossus, 21. - - 404

Temm, Sylvia, 22. - - 174

Swains. Tityra, 5. - - 258

naudapoa Vieill. Tantalus, 1. - - 564
Naumannii Fisch. Tinnunculus, 7 = a]
Temm. Turdus, 19. 219; App. 10

Blyth, Turdus - App. 10

navicularis Licht. Quiscalus, 13, - - 341
nebulosa Horsf. Ardea, 44. - - 556
Gould, Geospiza, 4. - - 359

Vieill. Tchitrea, 16. - - 260
nebulosum Gmel. Syrnium, 9. - - 39
nebulosus Less. Charadrius, 35. - - 544
necrophaga Vieill. Chionis, 1. - - 522
neglecta Jerd. Drymoiea, 57. - - 164
Gould, Motacilla, 13. - - 203

Audub. Sturnella, 4 - 337
neglectus Wagl. Brachypternus, 2. - 441
Swains. Rallus, 10. - - 593
neilgherriensis Jerd. Hypsipetes, 2. - 238
Blyth, Turdus - App. 10

nelicourvi Scop. Ploceus, 7. - - 352
nematura Licht, Lochmias - App. 6
nemoricola Hodgs. Fringilla, 65. - - 372
Hodgs. Gallinago, 14. 583; App. 26

nemorosa Gmel. Alauda, 11. . - 380
nemura Wagl. Menura . - App. 7
nenday Wagl. Conurus, 19. 413; App. 19
nengeta Gmel. Cotinga, 4. - - = 279
Linn. Tenioptera, 1. - - 241
neoxena Gould, Hirundo, 5 - » 57
neoxenus Gould, Calurus, 5. - - 71
Vigors, Ortyx, 7. - - 514

nereis Gould, Sterna, 39. -« - - 659
Gould, Thalassidroma, 9. 648; App. 29
nesogallicus Desj. Charadrius, 43 - - 544
nestor Lath, Nestor, 1. - - - 426
Gould, Podiceps, 9 : - 633

Gould, Turdus, 72. - - 219
Neumeyeri Michad. Sitta, 2 - - 147
newarense Hodgs. Syrnium, 6. - 39; App.3
niambu Spir, Tinamus, 13. - - 524
nibarus Vieill. Nectarinia, 14. - - 97
nicobarica Linn. Calcenas, 1. - - 478
Blyth, Zosterops, 4. : - 198
nicobariensis Blyth, Meeevodils 6. - 491
nidifica Lath. Collocalia, 2 - = 55
nidipendulus Pr, Maz. Euscarthmus, 2, + 251
‘ p Gmel. Xanthornus, 10. - 344
nigelli Gray, Tetraogallus = - 503
Jard. & Selby, Tetraogallus - 503
nigellus Vieill, Totanus, 12. oe App. 26
niger Vieill. Accipiter, 16. - 29
Swains, Agelaius, 13. - - 347

Bodd. Agelaius - Suppl App. 30 b
Steph. Anoiis, 1, - - 661

Gmel. Aquila, 1. - - - 138
James, Aquila, 14. - - - 14

Wils. Archibuteo, 2. - - 12

Vieill. Buceros, 18. - - - 392

Lath. Cuculus, 10. - - - 463

Linn. Eudynamys, 3. - - 464
Dubus, Geranospiza, 2. - - 27

Gmel. Geronticus, 2. - - 566

King, Graculus, 12. - - 667

Vieill. Graculus, 25. - - 667

Gmel. Gypaétus, 1. - Speen

Cuv. Hematopus, 6. - - 547

Gmel. Laimodon, 6. - - 429

Vieill. Lamprotes, 1. - - 362
Horsf. Lanius - - App. 14

Gmel. Mergus, 2. - - - 629

Briss. Milvus, 2. —- - 24; App. 2

Gmel. Moho, 1. s - - 96
Daud. Molothrus, 3. - - 346

Vieill. Morphnus”~ - - App. 1

Less. Neophron, 2. - - ee 79

Vieill Parus, 22. - - - 192

Bodd, Pluvianus - - App. 25
Swains. Pteroptochos, 5 - 155

niger Vigors, Rollulus, 2. -
Less. Rostrhamus. 1.
Gmel. Scaphidurus, 40.
Vieill. Scaphidurus, 6
Gmel. Scolecophagus, 1.
Swains. Sycobius, 3
A, Smith, Textor, 2.
Gmel. Thamnophilus, 50,
Such. Thamnophilus, 7.
Swains. tree 4. -
Sav. Vultur, 1. -

nigerrima Wagl. Ardea, 46.

D’ Orb. & Lafr. Fluvicola, sc. =

Vieill. Fluvicola, 8

Vieill. Spermophila, 49.

Gmel. Tachyphonus, 1
nigerrimus Spiz, Cacicus, 10.
Vieill, Centropus, 16.
Gmel. Phyllornis, 10,
Vieill. Sycobius, 3.
nigra Vieill. Ardea, 54. -
Gmel. Astrapia, 1. -
Vieill. Campephaga, 1
Less. Carpornis, 5. -
Bechst. Ciconia, 2. -
Gmel. Ciconia, 2. -
Linn. Coracopsis, 2.
Briss. Corvus, 17.
Gmel. Cypselus, 15.
Vieill. Cypselus, 16.
Gmel. Gallinula -
Gmel. Hirundo, 40. -
Briss. Hydrochelidon, 5
Linn. Hydrochelidon, 3
Linn. Hydrochelidon, 4
Linn. Uylocharis, 16 -
Bodd. Lessonia, 1. -
Falck. Melanocorypha, 5.
Steph. Melanocorypha, 6.
Sparr. Monarcha, 9
Gould. Myzomela, 5.
Linn, Oidemia, 1.
Wils, Oidemia, 2. -
Forst. Paradisea, 6. -
Gmel. Parra, 4. -
Lath, Philostomus, 1.
Forst, Puffinus -
Linn. Rhynchops, 1
Vieill. Saxicola, 19. -
Bodd. Setophaga -
Linn. Spermophila, 14,
Swains. Tityra, 25. -
nigralbus, Less. Nectarinia, 93.
nigrescens Towns. Mniotilta, 47.
Vieill. Nectarinia
Cab. Tityra” -
nigricans Blyth, Alcedo -

Pr. Ronap. Aramides, 7
Pr. Maz. Aramides, 11,

Lawr. Bernicla -
Swains. Cuculus, 32.
Vieill. Elania, 32. -
Shaw, Epimachus, 2
Vieill, Euscarthmus, 7.
Vieill. Hirundo, 16.
Vieill, Lichenops, 1
Swains. Myiobius, 14.
Scop. Podiceps, 5
Vieill. Pyenonotus, 26.
Vieill. Rallus, 8. -

Pr. Max. Thamnophilus, 53.

Mont. Tringa, 2.
nigricapilla Guér. Bessonornis, 7.
nigricapillus Lafr. Myiobius, 46.

Vieill. Turdus, 93.

nigricephala Jameson, Tanagra, 13.

nigriceps Vigors, Eupodotis, 2.
Riipp. Fringilla, 36.
Frankl. Lanius, 13.
Gould, Pyrrhulauda, 5
Hodgs. Sibia, 2. -
Hodgs. Timalia -
Licht. Tityra, 13.

nigricollis Paykull, Acridotheres, 2.

Page

507 ; aie 34
- 25
- - 341
- - 341
- - 340
- - $52
- 350

298; App. 14
- 297

: - 110
- - 3
- 556

242

- - 242
- - 386
- - 365
- - 342
- - 455
- 124
- - 352
- - 556
- - 326
- 283

279; App. 13
- - 561
- - 561
- - 407
- - 315
- 54; App. 4
- - 54
- App. 27
- - 58
- - 660
- - 660
- - 660
114; App. 5
201 ; App. 9
- - 381
381; App. 1
- - 260
- - 118
625; App. 28
- - 625
- - 323
- - 589
- - 311
- App. 29
656; App. 29
- - 179
Suppl. App. 30 b
- - 386
254; App. 11
= App. 5
- - 196
- - 99
- App. 11
- App. 5
- 594

- - 594
- App. 27
” - 463
251; App. 11
- - 94
: - 251
- - 58
- - 242
- - 249
- - 633
- - 237
593; ae 27
- 298

- - 579
= - 220
- - 249
- - 219
364; App. 16
- - 533
- - 371
290; App. 14
= - 381
- - 238
- App. 10
- - 254
- 385

nigricollis Vieill. Buteo, 10.
Vieill. Colius, 6.
Lath. Conurus, 33.
Gmel. Cygnus, 3
Vieill, Euphonia, 9.
Vieill. Buspiza, 5.
Swains. Formicivora, 1.
Vieill. Himantopus, 2
Lath. Morphnus
Gmel. Nemosia, 6.
Swains. Pheenicireus, 2.
Vieill, Phyllornis
Blyth, Pitta, 19.
Gmel. Pipra, 36.
Vieill. Polytmus, 10,
Viecill, Spermophila, 28.
Vieill. Sycobius, 4,
Vieill. Sycobius, 4
Temm. Timalia, 3.
Gould, Turnix, 12.
Cuv, Charadrius, 29.
Spix, Monasa, 2.
Gmel. Muscicapa, 51.
Vieill, Turnix, 3.
nigrimentum /fodgs. Yuhina, 4.
nigripennis Pr. Bonap. Gallinago
nigripes Audub. Diomedea, 9
Hodgs. Ketupa, 1
nigrirostris Gray, Ardea, 20,
Blyth, Buceros
Guér, Cyclorhis, 4

nigrifrons

Til. Dendrocolaptes, 9.
Waterh. Pteroglossus, 18. -

nigrita G. R. Gray, Hirundo, 48.
nigritorquis Vigors, Rhipidura, 13.

nigroaurantia Bodd, Spermophila, 37. -

nigroauritus Cass. Tanagra
nigrocapillus Less. Anabates, 2.

nigrocapitatus Lyton, Macronus, 7.
nigrocincta Pr. Bonap. Calliste, 16.
D’ Orb. Conopophaga, 7.

Lafr. Setophaga, 7.
nigrocristatus Lafr. Trichas, 8.

nigrofasciatus Gould, Polytmus, 62.

Page

- - 12
- - 393
- - 414
610; App. 27
- - 367
- - 376
- 212

- - 577
o App. |
3866; App. 17
. - 273
- App. 6
- - 213
- - 274
- - 107
- - 386
= - 352
= - 352
227; App. 10
- - 511
- - 544
- - 74
- - 263
- - 510
- - 199
- App. 26
- - 650
= - 38
- - 555
- App. 19
293; App. 14
- 140

404;

App. 19

- - 58
259; App. 12
386 ;

App. 18
Suppl. App. 30b
- - 138
- 210

- 366

- 255

265; App. 12
- 197

- 108

nigrofumosus D’ Orb. & Lafr. Ciuclodes, 4. 132;

nigrogaster Vieill. Nectarinia, 94.
nigrogenys Less. Conopophaga, 4.
Lafr. Nemosia
nigrogularis Gould, Cracticus, 4.
Gould, Ortyx, 5.
Gould, Psophodes, 2
Spix, Ramphopis, 5.

Gould, Spermophila, 40.

Eyton, Timalia, 3.
nigromaculatus D’ Orb. & Lafr.
rius, 6. -
Steph. Megalaima
nigropileus Blyth, Pyenonotus
Lafr. Turdus, 26.
nigrorufa Jerd, Niltava, &. +

App. 6
- - 99
: - 255
- App. 17
300; App. 14
- - 514
bo - 129
= - 363
- 386
- - 227
Formica-
- = 211
. App. 21
- App. 11
- - 219

264; App. 12

D’ Orb. & Lafr. Pipilo Suppl. App. 30 b
D’ Orb. & Lafr. Spermophila, 21. - 386

nigrorufus Cuv. Centropus, 4.
nigrothorax €uv. Laimodon, 3
nigrotis Less. Heliothrix, 2
Less. Larus, 36. -
nigroventris Cassin, Ploceus
nigroviridis Lafr. Calliste, 23.
Less. Calornis
nigrum Less. Diceum, 19.
nilotica Hasselg. Sterna, 53.
ninus Spiz, Conurus, 12. -
nipalensis Hodgs. Accentor, 3.
Hodgs. Actinodura, 2.
Hodgs. Aquila -
Hodgs. Athene, 8
Hodgs. Bubo, 7
Hodgs. Buceros, 24.
Hodgs. Campephaga, 8
Gray, Ceriornis, 2.
Hodgs. Certhia -

- - 455
- - 428
- - 115
654; App. 29

- 353
366; App. 17
- App. 15
- - 100
- - 659

INDEX OF SPECIFIC

nipalensis Hodgs. Cireaétus, 8.
Hodgs. Columba, 23.
Hodgs. Cutia -
Hodys. Cypselus, 6
Hodgs, Euspiza, 4
Hodgs. Fringilla, 14.
Hodgs. Gallinago
Gray, Gecinus, 8.
Hodgs. Hirundo, 11.
Hodgs. Lanius, 15.
Hodgs. Leiothrix, 5.
Hodgs. Nectarinia, 64.
Hodgs. Nyctiornis, 2,
Hodgs. Palzornis, 1.
Hodgs. Parus, 20.
Hodgs. Picumnus, 11.
Hodgs. Pitta, 30.
Gray, Pomatorhinus

Hodgs. Pycnonotus, 10.

Hodgs. Pyrrhula, 3.
Hodgs. Sitta, 11.
Hodgs. Spizaétus, 9.
Hodgs. Suthora, 1
Hodgs. 'Timalia.
Hodgs. Troglodytes
Hodgs. Treron, 1
nippon Temm Geronticus
nisoides Bl. Accipiter, 10.
nisoria Temm. Amadina, 35.
Meyer, Surnia, 1.
Bechst. Sylvia, 14.
nisosimilis Tick. Accipiter, 1.
nisuella Lath. Surnia, 3.
nisus Linn. Accipiter, 1.
Pall. Accipiter, 1
Sav. Haliaétus, 1.
nitens Linn. Amadina, 10,
Forst. Cuculus, 23.
Linn. Juida, 12. -
Gmel. Muscicapa, 56.
Vieill. Nectarinia, 4,
Swains. Ptilogonys, 2
Licht. Quiscalus, 1
Gray, Sycobius, 6.
nitida Kaup, Alcedo -
Lath. Amadina, 15.
Hartl. Czxreba -
Lath. Estrelda, 31.
Lath. Muscicapa, 57.
Gould, Myiagra, 6.
Sundev. Rhipidura
Gould, Seisura, 3. -
nitidissimus Scop. Ptilonopus
nitidus Lath. Astur, 8. -
Gray, Myiophonus, 2
Lath. Polytmus, 10.
Blyth, Regulus, 7.
Nitzschii Kaup, Sterna, 28.
nivalis Forst. Anser, 7. =
Dum. Chionis, 1. -
Linn. Fringilla, 74.
Linn. Fringilla, 76.
Pall. Otocoris, 1. -
Linn. Plectrophanes, 1.
nivea Gmel. Ardea, 22.
Gosse, Ardea -
Scop. Calcenas, 3. -
Thunb. Nyctea, 1. -
Burch. Platalea, 2. -
Cuv. Platalea, 1. -
Gmel. Procellaria, 19.
Bodd. Proenias, 3. -
Pall. Rissa, 2. =
Spir, Tenioptera, 5.

niveoventer Less. Campephaga, 16.

niveus Briss. Anser, 7. -
Jerd. Aquila -
Vieill. Astur, 6. -
Mart. Pagophila, 1
Less. Ramphastos, 8
Jerd. Spizaétus, 8.
Shaw, Spizaétus, 13.
Temm. Spizaétus, 8.

nivicola Hodgs. Lerwa, 1.

Page

- = e16
470; App. 23
- App. 15
- 54
- - 376
- - 371
- App. 26
- 438

- caf
- - 290
- - 269
- - 98
- - 87
- - 409
192; App. 9
- - 432
a - 214
= App. 11
- = 23/7
- - 387
148; App. 7
- - 14
- - 193
- App. 10
- App. 7
467; App. 23
= App. 26
- - 29
- - 370
- =) (33
- - 174
- - 29
- - 33
- = 29
- - 29
- - 17
- - 370
- - 463
- - 327
- - 263
- - 97
- - 281
- - 341
- - 352
- App. 5
- - 370
- App. 5
- - 369
- - 263
261; App. 12
- App. 12
- - 261
App. 23

- = oy
214; App. 9
- - 107
- - 175
- - 659
- - 607
= - 522
- - 372
= - 372
= - 382
379; App. 17
- - 555
- App. 25
- - 478
- - 34
< - 559
- - 559
648; App. 29
- - 280
- - 655
- - 241
- 283

- - 607
- App. 1
= - 27
- - 655
= - 403
- - 14
- - 14
« = 4
- - 508

NAMES.

Page
nivicollis Hodgs. Turdus, 24. - - 219
nivicolor Hodgs. Cuculus, 3. - - 463
nivicolum Hodgs. Syrnium - App. 3
nivifrons Cuv. Charadrius, 44, - - 544
nivigula Hodgs. Totanus - - App. 26
nivosa Swains. Campethera, 6. - - 439
Swains. Certhilauda, 6. - - 383
Nivosus Swains. Aramides, 9. - - 594
Deless. Ithaginis, 2. - - 504
Swains. Ortyxelos, 1 - - 511
noactli Gmel. Nycticorax, 2. - - 558
nobilis Pall. Aquila, 1. - - - fe
Blyth, Ardea,9. = - 555
Linn. Conurus, 2. - 413; App. 19
Gould, Corvus, 5. - - 315
Schrank, Fringilla, 1. - - 371
Merr. Moho, 1. - - - 96
noctis Linn. Spermophila, 47. - - 386
noctivagus Pr. Mar. Tinamus, 7, - 524
noctua Retz. Athene, 1 34; Suppl. App. 30 a
Gmel. Syrnium, 1, - = 39
noctula Reinw. Ephialtes, 3. - - 38
nodirostra Pr. Bonap. Phaleris, 7. - - 638
noitibo Vieill. Caprimulgus - App. 3

Nordmanni Fisch, Glareola, 2. 5388; App. 25

norfolciensis Lath. Carpophaga, 5 - 468
Norrisii Boure. Polytmus, 71. - - 108
Northiz Gray, Ithaginis, 3. - - 504
norvegicus Lath. Gecinus, 3. - - 438

notata Dubus, Fringilla, 25. = =

Bodd. Fuligula, 1. - - 621
Gould, Ortygometra, 21. - - 594

Til. Querquedula - App. 28
notatus Licht. Campethera, 3. - - 439
Bodd. Coriphilus, 1 - - 417

Gould, Elanus, 2. - - 26

nove guineze Gmel. Campephaga, 10. - 283
Mill. & Sch. Arachnothera, 9. 99

Gmel. Ardea, 46. - - 556

Gmel. Coturnix, 15, = - 507

Miill. Pitta, 26. : - 214

Gmel. Platycercus, 22. - 408

nove hispaniz Gmel. Pterocyanea, 5. - 617
nove hollandie Lath. /gotheles, 1. - 46
Steph. Anthochera App. 6

Gmel. Aplonis, 3. 328; App. 15

Lath, Ardea, 32. 556; App. 25
Gmel. Astur,6. 9 = - 27

Steph. Biziura, 1. = (ar)
Lath. Cereopsis, 606. App. 27
Steph. Chettusia - App. 25
Temm. Chionis, lL. - 522
Bonn. Cygnus, 9. - 610

Lath. Dromaius, 1.528; App. 25
Steph. Graculus, 13. - 667
Steph. Larus, 13. 654; App. 29
Lath. Meliphaga, 2. - 121
Lath. Meliphaga, 20. - 122;
App. 6

Lath. Menura, 1. - 153
Gmel. Nymphicus, 1. - 407 3;
App. 19

Gould, Plotus, 4 - 664
Steph Podiceps, 11. - 633
Vieill, Recurvirostra, 3. - 576
Lath. Seythrops, 1. 461; App. 22
Steph. Sterna, 16. - 659
Less. Trichoglossus, 3. - 411
Gould, Turdus, 8. - 218
nove seelandiw Gmel. Certhiparus, 1. - 194
Gmel. Thinornis, 1. - 545
nove terrax Gmel. Archibuteo, 2. - oly
Gmel. Tringa, 23. - - 580
nove zealandiz Gmel. Anthus, 21. - 206
var. 8 Lath. Anthus, 22. - 206
Less. Apteryx, 1. - - 530
Gmel. Athene, 28. - 35
Gmel. Carpophaga, 8. - 468
Quoy & Gaim. Coturnix, 13. 507
Less. & Garn. Creadion, 1. 338
Gmel. Fuligula, 5. 621; App. 28
Gould, Himantopus, 5 - 577
Gmel. Hypotriorehis, 12. - 20;
App. 2

nove zealandie G. R. Gray, Limosa, 4.
Gmel. Milvago, 3. - 10
Less. Nestor, 1. - -
Less. Petroica, 17. -
Gmel, Platycereus, 29. - 408

Kuhl, Platycereus, 31. - 408

Sparrm, Platycercus, 30. 408;

App. 19

Gmel. Prosthemadera, 1. - 123

noveboracensis Gmel. Enicocichla = App. 8
Gmel. Macroramphus, 1. - 582

Gmel. Ortygometra, 14. 594 ;

App. 27

Gmel. Scolecophagus, 1. - 340

Gme. Tringa, 25. = - 580

Gmel. Vireo, 1. - = 267

nuba Riipp. Eupodotis, 5. - - 533
nubicoides O Des Murs, Merops - Ave, 53

Suppl. App. 30a

nubicus Bodd. Campethera, 3. 439; App. 21

Licht. Campethera, 4. ° - 459
Licht. Caprimulgus, 6. - - 47
Licht. Lanius, 2°. - - 291
Gmel, Merops, 15. - - 86
Ham. Smith, Otogyps, 1. - - 4
nubilosa Sparrm. Sterna, 20, - - 659
nuchalis Swains. Arremon - App. 16
Wagl. Brachypternus, 1. - - 441
Cab. Campylorhynchus = App. 7
Jurd. & Selby, Chlamydera, 1. - 325
Swains. Coracias, 7. 62; App. 4
Shaw, Eos, 7. - - 417

G. R. Gray, Glareola Suppl APP: 80 ¢

Blyth, Nectarinia, 97. - 99

Jerd. Parus, 15. = - - 192

Temm. Passer, 12. - - 373

Wagl. Perisoreus, 2. - - 306

Blyth, Pitta, 30. - - 214

Pr. Maz. Platyrhynchus, 7. - 256
nucifraga Nils. Nucifraga, 1. - - 313
nudicollis Gmel. Francolinus, 23. = - 506
Bodd. Gymnoderus, 1, - - 319

Daud. Ibycter, 1. : Yee)

Pr. Max. Proenias,2. = - 280

nudifrons Spiz, Geronticus, 16. = - 566
Jerd. Leptoptilus, 4, - - 561

M‘Clell. Leptoptilus, 3. - - 561

Cuv. Platalea, 2. - - 559

nudigena Lafr. Turdus — - - App. 10
nudigula Brandt, Graculus, 4. - - 667
nudipes Hodgs. Acanthylis, 4. - - 55
Daud. Athene, 42. - e 895

Nils. Athene, 1. = - - 34

Vieill. Ephialtes, 16. - - 388

Brehm, Gypaétus - App. 1
nudirostris Swains. Treron, 8. - - 467
nudus Gmel. Gymnoderus, 1. - - 319
nugax Sol, Puffinus, 7. - - - 647
numidica Briss. Scops, 1. - - - 553
numidicus Malh. Picus’ - - App. 21
numidus Malh. Picus, 5. - 35; App. 21
nuna Less. Mellisuga, 48. - - - 113
nunciola Steph. Milvulus - . App. 13
Wils. Myiobius, 6. - - 248

Nuttalii 4udub. Caprimulgus, 25. - - 48
Audub. Pica, 5. - - - 314

Gamb. Picus . - App. 21

Audubd. Sterna, 54. - - 659

nyetea Linn. Nyctea, 1. - - - 34
nycthemerus Linn. Gallophasis, 3.
nycticorax Linn. Nyeticorax, 1. - ~
Wils. Nycticorax,2. - - 558

nympha Jemm. & Schl. Pitta Suppl. App. 30 b
G. R. Gray, Tanysiptera, 2. - 78

nyroca Gueld. Nyroca, 4. -

oahuensis Bloram, Sterna, 14. - - 659
Bloram, Tringa - App. 26

obscura Gmel, Anas, 5. - 615; App. 28
Gmel. Anthus, 2. - - - 206

98

INDEX OF

Page

obscura Gmel. Carpodacus, 1. - - 384
Gmel. Corethrura, 22. - - 595

Gmel. Drepanis, 2. - - 96

Vieill. Elania, 30. - - - 252

Vieill. Fringilla, 79. - = $72

Lath, Hydrochelidon, 4. - - 660

Lath, Larus, 19. - - - 654

Gould, Manorhina, 3. - - 127

Gmel. Muscicapa, 16. - - 263

D' Orb. & Lafr. Myiobius, 77. - 249
Swains. Myiobius, 10. - - 249

Gould, Myzomela, 4, - - 118

Jard. Nectarinia, 12. - - 97

Illig. Penelope, 10. - - 485

A. Smith, Sylvia, 38. - 174

Horsf. ‘Tephrodornis - App. 18
obseurior /lodgs. Lanius, 15. - - 290
obscurus Gmel. Accipiter, 4. = 29
Dubus, Aplonis, 5. $28; App. 15

Gmel. Charadrius, 5. - - 544

Wagl. Chrysocolaptes - App. 21

Bechst. Coracopsis, 2. - - 407

Wagl. Irrisor, 3. - - 90

Lath. Melanerpes - App 22

Gmel. Mellisuga, 22. . - 112

Gmel. Molctbrus, 1. - - 346

Gmel. Platyrhynehus, 11. - 256

Gmel. Podiceps, 5. - - 633

Gould, Polytmus - App. 5

Lafr. Ptilogonys, 6. . - 281

Gmel. Puffinus, 11. 647; App. 29

Temm. Pycnonotus, 38. - - 237

Gould, SS aa 8. 250; App. 11

S. G. Gmel. Rallus, 1. - - 593

Say, Tetrao, 4. - - 516

Leach, Thamnophilus, Bie - 298

Gmel. Turdus, 18. - - 219

Smith, Turdus, 38. = - 219

obsoleta Natt. Elania, 5. - - 250
obsoletum Miill. & Sch. Dicwum, 26, - 100
obsoletus Licht, Aquila, 6. = - 13
Gmel. Buteo, 1. - - =) LT

Licht. Carpodacus, 10. - - 384

Tl. Picolaptes, 6. - - 140

Wagl. Picus, 32. - - 435

Temm. Tinamus, 12. - - 524

Say, Troglodytes, 26. = - 158
occidentalis Audub. Ardea, 5. - - 555
Pr. Bonap. Cerorhina, 1. - 639

Gould, Teracidea, 2 20; i) 2

Aud, Larus, 16. - - 654

Towns. Mniotilta, 31. - - 196

Vigors, Phaleris, 4. - - 638

Vigors, Recurvirostra, 5. - 576

King, Rhynchea, 4. - - 585

Towns. Sialia, 2 - - 184

occidua Bonn. Eniconetta, 1. - - 624
occipitalis Temm, Athene, 12. - Se
Riipp. Capito - - App. 21

Dubus, Euphonia - App. 17

Vigors, Gecinus, 5. - - 438

Blyth, Haleyon - - App. 5

Blyth, Leiothrix - App. 12

Vigors, Myiagra, 10. - - 261

Less. Podiceps, 13. - - 633

Blyth, Psilorhinus - App. 14

G. R. Gray, Ptilonopus, 25. - 467

Temm. Pycnonotus, 40. - Ay |

Daud. Spizaétus, 4. 14; App. 1

Mill. Temnurus, 6. - - 310

Burch. Vultur, 3. - - 3

Hodgs. Yuhina, 2. - - 199

oceanica Less, Carpophaga, 2. - - 468
Kuil, Thalassidroma, 3. 648; App. 29

Pr. Bonap. Thalassidroma, 8. - 648

ocellata Gould, Leipoa, 1. - - - 491
Tenm. Meleagris, 2. - - 500

Meyen, Tinamotis, 3. - = 525
ocellatum Less, Syrnium, 5. - - 39
ocellatus Tschudi, Caprimulgus, 30. - 48
Gould, Cyrtonyx, 2. - - 513

Vigors, Garrulax, 6. - - 295

Spiz, Picolaptes, 8. - - 140

Wagl. Picumnus - App. 21

SPECIFIC

NAMES.

Page

ocellatus Quoy & Gaim. Podargus, 10. - 45
Raff. Rollulus, 3. 597; App. 24

Scop. Turnix, 15. - 511

ochracea Gmel. Fringilla, 7 - - 371
Sparrm. Rhipidura, 8. « - 258

Hodgs. Sasia, 2. - - - 433
ochraceus Spi, Celeus, 8. - ~ - 440
ochrocephala T'schudi, Cyclorhis, 2 - 298
Gmel. Orthonyx, 2. - - 151
ochrocephalus Gmel. Chrysotis, 5. 422; App.20
var. B Gel. Chrysotis, 5. - 422

var. y Gmel. Chrysotis, 2.

Gmel. Microscelis, 5 - 235

Spix, Milvago, 1. - - 10

ochrochlora Gmel. Cereba, 2 - - 101
oehrogastra Miill. §& Schl. Rhipidura, $1. - 259
ochrogenion Lindarm. Sylvia, 13. - = 174
ochrolemus Tschudi, Anabates, 24, 138; re 6
ochroleuca Pr. Max. Grallaria, 13. - 213
Gmel. Mniotilta, 53. - - 196
ochromalus Raff. Eurylaimus, 2. - - 68
ochropterus Gmel. Chrysotis,4. 422; App. 20
ochropus Linn. Totanus, 2. - 573
ochrotarsus Forst. Petroica, 16. - - 183
ocreata Strickl. Tephrodornis, 8. - > 290
octopennatus Daud. Ptilostomus, 3. - 311
octosetelus Vieill. Mergus - Agn, 28
ocularia Smith, Drymoica, 13. - - 163
A. Smith, Hyphantornis, 8. - 351

ocularis Gould, Climacteris, 1. 145; App. 7
Verr. Glareola - - App. 25

Gould, Glyciphila, 4 119; App. 5

oculea Quoy & Gaim. Estrelda, 18. - 368
Temm. Perdix, 3 506; App. 24
odonpteron Less. Caprimulgus, 29. - 48
edienemus Linn. Gidienemus, 1. - 535
cenanthe Linn. Saxicola, 1. - - 178
cenanthoides D’ Orb. § Lafr. Fluvicola, 5. 242 ;
App. 11

Vigors, Saxicola, 32. - - 179

cenas Linn. Columba, 1. - 470; App. 23
cenone Less. Polytmus, 80. - - 109
ohula Mol. Ardea, 62. - - - 556
Okenii Wagl. Charadrius, 37. - - 544
olax Temm. Treron, 3. - - - 467
oleaginea Licht, Elania, 7. - - 250
oleagineus Licht. Laniarius, 4. - - 298
olivacea Gould, Acanthiza, 18. 189; App. 8
Forst. Anthornis, 1. - - 123

Gould, Certhidea, 1 - - 359

Vieill, Corethrura, 11, 595; App. 27

Blyth, Criniger, 10. - - 286

Licht. Drepanis, 7. - - 96

D’ Orb. & Lafr. Elania, 26. - 251

Desm. Euphonia, 2. - - 367

Rafing. Fringilla, 41. - - 371

Meyen, Gallinula, 4 - - 599
Tschudi, Grallaria, 11. - = 218

Jard. & Selby, Hypsipetes, 4. - 238

Forst. Muscieapa - - App. 12

Linn. Nectarinia, 43. 98; App. 5

Smith, Nectarinia, 13. - =) 497

Vigors & Horsf. Pachycephala, 4. 271;

App. 13

Gray, Perdix, 5. - = - 506

Strichl. Prinia, 9. - - - 162

Gmel. Pyranga, 2 - - 364

Less. Pyranga, 9. - - - 364

Linn. Spermophila - App. 18

Vieill. Spermophila, 26. = - 386

M‘Clell. Tesia, 4. - = - 156

Blyth, Timalia - App. 10

Lafr. Turdus - - App. 10
olivaceoflava Lafr. Spermophila - App. 18
olivaceorhyncha Gould, Diomedea, 10. - 650
olivaceum Strick?. Malacopteron’ - App. 9
Jerd. Pellorneum, 2. - - 227

olivaceus Fras. Coccothraustes, 6. - - 358
Lath. Colaptes, 11. - - 446

Swains. Criniger, 8. - - 236

Gray, Dendrobates, 13. aie App. 21

Fras. Diglossa, 3 - 187

Lafr. Drepanis, 6. = = 96

Tschudi, Formicarius, 19. =

Page

olivaceus Dubus, Geronticus - App. 26
Tschudi, Hylophilus, 8, - - 200

Gmel. Icterus, 17. - « 343

Shaw, Laniarius, 4, . - 298

Vieill, Laniarius, 10. - - 299

Lafr. Picumnus, 7. - - 432

Temm. Platyrhynehus, 14, - 256;

App. 11

Blyth, Pomatorhinus - App. 11

Raffl. Prinia, 3. - - 162

Lath. Psophodes, 1. - - 129

Vieill. Saltator, 1. - - 363

Pr. Max. Sittasomus, 1. - - 142

Osb, Sturnus, 5. - - 337

Lafr. Tachyphonus, 16. - - 365

Gmel. Tanygnathus, 2, - - 420

Bodd. 'Turdus, 100. - 220

D' Orb. & Lafr. Turdus, 54, - 219

Linn. ‘Turdus, 35. - - 219

Brew. Turdus” - - vip) 10

Gosse, Vireo, 7. = . - 268

Licht, Vireo, 6. = - - 268

Linn, Vireo, 5. - - 267
olivascens G. R, Gray, Drepanis, Sup. App. 30 a
D’ Orb. & Lafr. Embernagra, 6, - 361

Licht Tanagra, 3 364; App. 16

olivater Less. Setophaga, 17. - - 265
olivetorum Strick/. Calamodyta, 20. - 172
olivicyaneus Lafr. Tachyphonus, 15. - 365
olivus Bodd. Myiobius, 29. - - 249
olor Gmel. Cygnus, 1. - 610; App. 27
Pall. Cygnus, 4. - - - 610
omissa Jard. Tiaris, 3. - - - 375
omnicolor Licht. Charmosyna, 1. - - 416
Vieill. Cyanotis, 1. - - 175

Temm. Halcyon, 18. - - 79

Gmel. Nectarinia, 84. =99

Bechst. Platycercus, 7. - - 408
omnisomus Licht. Troglodytes - App. 7
onocrotalus Linn Pelecanus, 1. 668; App. 30
Pall, Pelecanus, 5. - - 668

Pr. Bonap. Pelecanus, 4. - 668

oopa Wagl. Ptilonopus - : App. 23
oorti Mill. Megalaima, 6. 2 - 429
opaca Licht. Topaza, 5. - - - 110
ophiophagus Vieill. Ictinia, 2. - - 26
opthalmiecus Dubus, Arremon - App. 16
opisthocomus Licht. Mellisuga, 100. - 114
optatus Gould, Cuculus, 49. - - 463

Orbignyianus J. Geoffr. & Less. Thinocorus, 2. 521

Orbignyii Briss. Diglossa, 1

137; App. 6

orbitatum Pr, Max. Todirostrum, 12. - 257
Ordi Pr. Bonap. Ibis, 5. - = - 565
oregona Towns. Fringilla, 77. = - 372
orenocensis Lafr. Pyroderus, 3. - - 317
Lafr. Saltator - App. 16
oreocincloides Hodgs. Turdus, 12, - - 218
oreskios Temm. Harpactes, 8. 71; App. 4
organicum Gould, Gymnorhina = - App. 14
orientalis Gmel. Alcedo, 15. - - 81
Gray, Ardea, 23. - m5 5S

Gmel. Astur - - = 7

Horsf. Bubo, 7. - 37

Gmel, Campephaga, 42, 283; nae 13

Eversm, Coryus - - App. 15

Swains. Cursorius, 3. S - 537

Lath. Eos - - App. 20

Linn. Eudynamys, 1. - - 464

Vig. & Horsf. Eudynamys, 6. - 464

Blyth, Eurinorhynchus, 1. - 580

Linn. Eurystomus, 1. = - 62

Vig. & Horsf. sf 6. - 62

Gmel. Falco - - App. 2

Gray, Francolinus, fy - - 505

Eversm. Fringilla, 8. = - 371

Horsf. Gallinula, 2, = - 599

Leach, Glareola, 4 538; App. 25

Frankl, Grus, 7. - = - 552

Swains. Laniarius, 19. - - 299

Vahl, Leptoptilus, 2. - - 561

Gould, Mergus - - App. 28

Lath. Merops, 24. = = “86

Frankl. Nectarinia, 51. - = 98

Horsf. Perdix, 7. - 506

INDEX OF

SPECIFIC

NAMES.

orientalis Temm. & Schl, Pyrrhula
Cuv. Recurvirostra, 2.
Horsf. Rhynchza, 1
Riipp. Rhynchops, 4
Temm. & Schl. Spizaétus
Shaw, Syrnium, 7.
Pall. Thalassidroma, 4
Jerd. Timalia-
Lath, Turtur -
orioloides Swains. Crateropus, 8
Swains. Leistes, 1.
oriolus Scop. Oriolus, 1. -
orisse Hay, Dicrurus =
ornata Wagl. Cissa =
Less, Cyanocorax, 19.
Gmel. Eos, 8. =
Daud, Juida,15. -
M*Clell. Leiothrix, 2
Gould, Meliphaga, 10.
Bodd. Mellisuga, 84.
Licht. Spermophila -
Boiss. Setophaga, 6.
Sparr. Tanagra, 2. -
Less. Tachyphonus -
ornatus Less. Centurus -
Geoffr. Cephalopterus, 1
Less. Cyanocorax, 19.
Desm. Cymbirhnynchus, 1.
Gray, Garrulus, 4
Lath. Merops, 8. -
Temm. Pardalotus, 3.
Towns. Plectrophanes, 4.
Daud. Spizaétus, 1.
Swains. Synallaxis, 29.
Licht. Telophorus, 6.
Temm. Tiaris, 1. -
Gmel, Trichoglossus, 6.
orphea Temm. Sylvia, 12. -
orpheus Linn. Mimus, 2. -
Spiz, Mimus, 5. -
orthonyx Lafr. Pteroptochos, 18.
orthura Less. Mellisuga, 76.
ortygoides Gosse, Erismatura
oryx Linn. Ploceus, 16, -
oryzivora Linn. Amadina, 4,
oryzivorus Linn. Dolichonyx, 1
Osbeckii Lath. Palzornis, 12.
oscitans Bodd. Anastomus, 1.
osculans Gould, Cuculus, 29.
Gould, Ramphastos, 14,
Gould, Sericornis, 4.
ossifraga Sav. Gypaétus, 1.
Forst. Procellaria
ossifragus Wils. Corvus, 11.
Gmel, Haliaétus, 1.
Wils. Haliaétus, 3.
ostralega Linn. Hematopus, 1
ostralegus Wils. Haematopus, 4
ostrina Vieill. Pyrenestes, 1.
otaitiensis Less. Tatare —-
otatare Less. Tatare -
othello Less. Thamnophilus, 11.
otoleucus Temm. Pyrrhulauda, 3.
otus Linn. Otus, 1. -
ourissie Linn, Hylocharis, 17.
ovivorus Jerd. Aquila, 15.
Oweni Gould, Apteryx -
oxycereus Spix, Geronticus, 17.
oxyptera Meyen, Querquedula, 3
oxyura Vieill. Acanthylis, 9.
Licht, Anas,22, -
Shaw, Drymoica, 8.
Licht. rismatura, 7.
Temm. Treron, 13.
oxyurus Wagl Buceros, 27,

pacha Wagl. Ara, 7. -
pachyrhyneha Swains. Ara, 7

pachyrhynehus G, R. Gray, Eudyptes, 11.
Tschudi, Odontophorus,

pacifica Lath. Ardea, 7. -
Gmel. Carpophaga, 1,
Gmel. Drepanis, 1

Page

Sup. App. 30 ¢
- - 576
- - 585
- - 656
App. 1

39
- - 648
- App. 10
- App. 23
- - 224
- - 348
- - 232
- App. 13
- App. 14
- - 307
417; App. 20
- - 327
- - 269
- - 122
- =e LS,
- App. 18
- - 265
- - 364
- App. 17
- App. 22
- - 319
- - 307
66
- - 306
- 86; App. 5
- - 270
- - 379
= las App 1
- 136
292
375
411
174
221
221
155
- 113
= App. 28
- - 352
- - 369
349; App. 16
- - 410
562; App. 26
463; App. 23

- - 412
412; App. 19
- 641
95 = SS
555; App. 25
- - 468
96

pacifica Lath. Hirundo, 5. - -
Forst. Lanius = =
Audub. Procellaria, 4, -
Lath. Tringoides, 1
pacificus Lath. Cypselus, 10. -
Lath. Eurystomus, 6. -
Gmel, Lanius, 31. -
Lath. Larus, 8. - 654 ;
Lath. Milvus, 5. -
Forst. Platycereus, 29. 408;
var. Forst. Platycercus, 30.
Gmel. Platycereus, 31. -
var. 6 Gmel. Platycercus, 30.
Gmel. Puffinus, 5. -
Gmel. Rallus, 15. - 593;
Shaw, Trichoglossus, 8. -
Gmel. Turdus, 94. -
pena A, Smith, Aedon, 5. -
pagana Licht. Elania, 1. -
paganus Spiz, Elania, 2. =
Pagei Lafr. Sissirostrum, 1.
pagodarum Gmel. Heterornis, 1. -
Temm. Syrnium, 8. -
palalaca Wagl. Chrysocolaptes -
palalea Wagl. Chrysocolaptes, 5.
palearis Forst. Grus, 5. = -
paleazureus Less. Nyctiornis, 2. -
palikour Ménétr. Formicarius, 3. -
Pallasii Gould, Hydrobata, 4. -
Pr, Bonap. Hydrobata, 5
Temm. Hydrobata, 3. -
Kaup, Larus, 10. -
Temm. Syrrhaptes, 1. -
Tschudi, Turdus - -
pallens Pull. Turdus, 5. = -
pallescens Vig. & Horsf. Anthus -
Sundev. Anthus -
Lafr. ee nehus, }
palliata 7. Ardea, 6. -
I. Geoffr. Faleulia, 1. =
palliatus Tschudi, Cinclodes, 8. -
Temm. Cymindis, |
Temm. Hzematopus, 4. -
Wagl. Seaphidurus, 1. -
Less. Thamnophilus, 25.
Licht. Thamnophilus, 2.
palliceps Vigors, Platycereus, 5.
pallida Ehrenb, Calamodyta, 25. -
Smith, Drymoica, 16. -
Gould, Geopelia - -
Swains. Myiobius, 12. -
Riipp. Saxicola, 11. -
Blyth, Saxicola - -
Pr. Maz. Synallaxis, 22. -
Swains. Zonotrichia, 19. -
Swains. Zosterops, 12. -
pallidinucha Bo7ss. Arremon, 13. -
pallidus Gray, Caprimulgus, 13. -
Sykes, Cireus, 3. -
Gosse, Myiobius =
Gosse, Nyctibius =
Less. Poliornis, 2. <
Hodgs. Spizaétus, 8. -
Blyth, Temnurus -

D’ Orb. & Lafr. Troglodytes, 17.
App. 10;
Suppl. App. 30 b

Gmel. Turdus, 5. - 218;
palliolatus Lath. Cuculus, 24.
pallipes Jerd. Niltava, 13. -
palmarum Linn. Arremon -
Gray, Cypselus, 8. -
Gmel. Mniotilta, 19. -
Pr. Max. Tanagra -
Forst. Trichoglossus, 11.
palmatus Gould, Cladorhynchus, 1
Palmerstoni Gmel. Atagen, 1. -
palpebrata Forst. Diomedea, 7. -
Licht, Eudyptes, 10. -
palpebrosa Lafr. Tanagra -
Temm. Zosterops, 3. -
palpebrosum Lafr. Todirostrum — -
paludicola Vieill. Calamodyta, 14.
Vieill. Cotyle, 2. -
paludosa Gmel. Gallinago, 20, -
Retz. Gallinago, 1. -

; App. 26

54

- 62

- 291
a EP: 29
24
ian 19
- 408

- 463
- 264
App. 16
= Gf:
- 196
App. 16
- 411
- 577
- 669
- 650
- 641
App. 16
- 198
App. 12
- 172
- 60
- 583
- 588

palumbarius Linn. Astur, 1 & 7.

palumbus Linn. Columba, 2

palustris Flem. Anser, 1. -
Meisn. Anthus, 32.
Bechst. Calamodyta, 24.
Briss. Cireus, 13.
Pr. Max. Circus, 9
Steph. Cotyle, 2.
Savi, Emberiza, 23.
Pall. Gallinago, 1.
Merr. Leistes -
Horsf. Megalurus, 1
Steph. Mniotilta, 34.
Gould, Ortygometra, 7.
Gould, Otus, 3. -
Smies. Otus, 3. -
Linn. Parus, 27.
var. B Lath. Parus, 31.
Swains. Scaphidurus, 4.
Vieill. Stipiturus, 1.
Wils. Zonotrichia, 25.
Wils. Troglodytes, 25.

pamela D’ Orb. & Lafr. riviceharad NEY -

pampa Less. Polytmus, 7.

pampusan Quoy & Gaim. Calanual 30. -

panamensis Lafr. Bucco’ -
panayana Gmel. Hirundo, 30.
panayensis Scop. Buceros, 23.
Scop. Calornis, 1.
Gmel. Colius, 5
Gmel, Lanius, 28,
Gmel. Sterna, 14.
Panderi Fisch. Garrulus, 5.
pandoo Sykes, Turdus, 100.
panini Bodd. Buceros, 23. -
pannosa Gould, Ardea -
Gosse, Mniotilta, 36.
papa Kitl. Coccothraustes, 8.
Linn. Sarcoramphus, 2
papaverina, Pall. Fringilla, 52.
papillata Wagl. Geronticus, 1.
papillosus Temm. Geronticus, 1.
papua Scop. Charmosyna, 1.
Forst. Eudyptes, 5.
papuana Bechst. Paradisea, 2.
papuense Lath. Dicwum, 5.
papuensis Gmel. Campephaga, 6.
Gmel. Charmosyna, 1

Quoy & Gaim. Coracias, 5. -

Lath. Epimachus, 1
Less. Epimachus, 1

Quoy § Gaim. Podargus, 9. -

Swains Calliste
Linn. Galbula, 7
Boiss. Mellisuga, 26.
Swains. Menura, 1.
Licht. Scops, 3.
Briinn. Sterna, 35.
Linn. Vidua, 4
paradisens Linn. Dicrurus, 2.
Swains. Epimachus, 4
Cuv, Phonygama, 1,
Linn. Topaza, 1
paradisi Gmel. Psittacus, 25.
Linn, Tehitrea, 1.

paradisea

paradisiacus Temm. § Schl. Badenian

paradoxus Daud, Anthochera, 3.

Kittl. Pteroptochos, 10. -

Pall. Syrrhaptes, 1
paragua Gmel. Eclectus, 3.
paraguaiz Vieill, Gallinago, 15.
parasita Pall. Stercorarius, 1.

Page

- o7

470; App. 23
- - 607
ZO6

- 172
- =2* 32
= - 32
60
377; App. 17
- - 583
- App. 15
- - 169
- - 196

593; App. 27

- 40
40
192
192
- 341
166
374
- 158
114
= Ov
470
- App. 4
- - 58
400
327
393
291
659
- 306
290; hep. 10
400; App. 19
- App. 25
196; App. 9
- - 358
ao {59 pene
- 37
is
566
416
641
323
- 100
283; App. 13
- - 416

- App. 17
- - 112
= - 153
553; App. 25
gers App. 29
- 355

- - 286
- 94; App. 5
- - 303
= = 110
- - 421
- 259
Suppl.
App. 30 b

- - 122
= 155
- - 519
418; App. 20
583; App. 26
- - 653

var. camtschatica Pall. Stercorarius, 3. 653

parasiticus Daud, Milvus, 2.

Briinn. Stercorarius, 1.

Meyer, Stercorarius, 3.

Swains. Stercorarius, 2.

parasitus Daud. Milvus

pardalina Pr. Bonap. Setophaga, 11.

pardalotes Less. Euphonia -

pardalotus Vieill, Dendrocolaptes, 9.

Cuv. Diceum, 1.
pardela Pall. Squatarola, 1
pareola Linn. Pipra, 6. -

- 24; App. 2
- - 653
- - 653
- - 653
- App. 2

- 265
. App. 17

- 140
- - 100
- - 543
274; App. 13

100

pareoloides D’ Orb. § Lafr. Pipra,
parietum Lath, Nectarinia, 85.

Parisorum Pr. Bonap Xanthornus
Parkmannii Audub, Troglodytes, 7.

parotis Sparr. Podiceps, 4
parragua Lath, Ortalida, 1
parulus Aittl, Eusearthmus, 4.
parus Wils. Mniotilta, 9, -
parva Bodd, Megalaima, 26.
Bechst. Muscicapa, 4
Sundev. Muscicapa_ -
Penn, Sterna, 36. .
Gmel, Sula, 8. -
parvicristatus Gould, Ortyx, 10.
parvifrons Blyth, Gallinula, 1

parvirostris Gould, Campephaga, 12. -

Vieill, Mareca -
Fras. Mellisuga, 30.
Gould, Myiobius, 16.

Gould, Pyrocephalus, 2

Wagl. Tinamus, 14.
Gould, Vurdus, 11.
parvula Gould, Colluriocincla, 6
Gould, Eopsaltria, 1.
Gould, Geospiza, 7.
Jard. Nectarinia, 9.
parvulus Gould, Anotis ~
Gould, Caprimulgus, 37.
Gould, Mimus, 10.
Gould, Sericornis, 1.
Koch, Troglodytes, 1.
parvus Less. Cypselus, 12.
Licht, Macropteryx, 4.
Cuv. Megalaima, 27.
Gmel. Megalaima, 14.
Gmel. Megalaima, 26.
Scop. Ortygometra, 10.
Vieill. Phoenicopterus, 5.
Bodd. Porphyrio, 10.
Gmel. Sula
Parzudaki Lafr. Calliste, 27,
Less. Mellisuga, 18,
pascuum Pr, Max. Hirundo, 38.
passerina Lath. Athene, 1
Linn. Athene, 10.
Linn. Chamepelia, 1
Pail, Emberiza, 21.
Lath, Muscicapa, 50.
Wils. Nyctale -
Linn. Psittacula, 2
Temm. Sylvia, 4

Passerini Pr. Bonap. Rampbopis, 6

passerinus Wils, Ammodromus, 8.
Linn. Dendrobates, 15.
Merr. Megalaima
passerinoides Temm. Athene, 18.
pastinator Gould, Corvus, 14.
Gould, Licmetis, 2.
pastor Cuv. Charadrius, 25.
Strickl. Pratincola -
patachonica Forst. Aptenodytes, 1
Shaw, Aptenodytes, 2
King, Micropterus, 1.
patagonica Forst. Aptenodytes, 1

D’ Orb. & Lafr: Hirundo

D' Orb. Synallaxis, 27.
patagonicus Gmel. Cinclodes, 1

D’ Orb. & Lafr. Mimus, 12. -

Less. Synallaxis, 29.
patagonus Vieill. Conurus, 5.
Patersoni Less. Philetzwrus, 1.
paturi Spiz, Querquedula, 9.
paulina Temm. Turacus, 4.
Pauline Boiss, Mellisuga, 36.
pauxi Linn. Pauxi, }. -
pavonicus Vieill. Argus, 1
pavonina Linn. Balearica, 1.
pavoninus Spiz, Calurus, 2.
Temm. Calurus, 1.
Lath, Phetornis, 20.
M*Ckell, Polyplectron
Gmel. Pteroglossus, 26.
pavua Bodd. Conurus, 3. -
payanensis Gmel. Vidua, 5

INDEX OF

Page

7. - 274
99
App. 15
- 158
633
485
251
- 196

430 ; App. 21
262
. App. 12
- - 659
666; App. 30
514
- - 599
283
- App. 27
- - 112
249
2950
524
218
295; App. \4

- Seco itf

- - 374
437; App. 21
- App. 21
35
- - 315
- - 425
- - 544
- App. 8
- 642
- 642
- 623
- 642
App. 4
- 136
132
221
136
413
353
616
395
112
487

payanus Gmel, Cuculus, 9
Paykullii Nils. Macroramphus, 1.

SPECIFIC

Page
= - 163
- 582

Payraudai Audouin. Carpodacus, 6. $84; App. 18

paytensis Less. Anthus, 15.
Pealxi Pr. Bonap. Ardea, 26.
pecoris Gmel. Molothrus, 1.
Peequetiit Less. Dasyptilus, 1
pectorale Mill. Dicaum, 6.
pectoralis A. Smith, Aedon, 4.
Gould, Amadina, 24.
Gould, Amadina, 49.
Shaw, Bessonornis, 2.
Gould, Bradybates, 2.
Jerd. Bubo, 8. -
G. R. Gray, Buceo, 4.

Swains. Campephaga, 16,

Vieill. Caprimulgus, 12.
Vieill. Charadrius, 2.
A, Smith, Cireaétus, 3.

Dubus, Cladorhynchus, 1.
Suppl. App. 30 a
- - 315

Steph. Copsychus
Gould, Corvus, 21.
Gould, Coturnix, 12.
Smith, Drymoieca, 14.
Lath. Euphonia, 7.
Vieill. Euscarthmus, 3.
Gmel. Vormicivora
Gould, Garrulax, 8.

M‘Clell. & Horsf. Gitnates 10.

Cuv. Hoplopterus, 9.
Wagl. Icterus, 13,
Gould, Malurus, 5
Gould, Myzomela, 3
Horsf. Nectarinia, 54.
Temm. Nectarinia, 68.
Vieill. Nectarinia, |.
Gould, Nyctibius, 4
Gould, Ortyx, 6

Lewin. Pachycephala, 2.

Lath, Pachycephala

Vigors & Horsf. Pachycephala, 2

Lath. Pipra, 38.
Lath, Polytmus, 11.
Wagl. Ptilonopus
Cuv. Rallus 16.

Homb. & Jacq. Rhipidura, 4. -

Jerd. Rhipidura, 11.
Lath. Spermophila, 18.
Nieill. Spermophila, 55.
Steph. Sphenura, 1.
Swains. Tehitrea, 17.
Hay, Tchitrea

Swains. Thamnophilus, 27.

Blyth, Timalia -
Say, Tringa, 9.
Swains. Tityra, 29.
Vigors, Yunx, 2.
pecuarius Temm. Charadrius, 25.
pedestris Less. Totanus, 17.
pegasus Linn. Mellisuga, 96.
peguanus Less. Pastor, 2.
pelagica Linn. Thalassidroma, 1.
Wils. Thalassidroma, 3.
pelagicus Pall. Graculus, 1.
Pall. Haliaétus, 2.
pelasgia Linn. Acanthylis, 1
pelecanoides Vigors, Sterna, 2.
pella Linn. Topaza, 1. -
pellotis Hodgs. Timalia, 13.
pelopus Hodgs. Anthus = -
pelvica Hodgs. Tephrodornis, 2
pendens Lath. Lanius, 17.
pendulinus Linn. Paroides, 1

pendulus C. W. Smith, Psittacula, 15. -

penelope Linn. Mareca, 1.

penicillata Gould, Meliphaga, 14.
Gould, Otocoris, 2.
Scop. Paradisea, 7

penicillatus Brandt, Graculus, 30.

Spix, Tachyphonus, 11.
Pennantii G. R. Gray, Aer : -

Gray, Ceriornis, 1.
Lath. Platycereus, 1.
Wolf, Platycercus, 7

- - 206
- - 555
346; App. 15
427; App. 20
- - 100
- - 173
- - 370
- - 370
- - 220
- - 181
- - $7

47; i
- - 544
- - 16
- 577

507; App. 24
- - 163
- 367

251; App. 11

opr "App. 30 b

- 295
- 225
- - 542
843; App. 15
- - 165

- App. 13

- - 274
- - 107
~ App. 23
593; App. 26
258
258
386
386
167
260
- App. 12
- 298
- App. 10
579; App. 26
- - 254
= - 448
544
- - 573
113
334

228; App 10
- App. 9
290; App. 13
- - 290
193
423
614
- 122
382
323
- 668
- 365
642
- 499
408 ; ae 19

- 408

NAMES.

Page

pennata Gmel. Aquila, 11. 14; App. 1
Hodgs. Ephialtes, 1. - - $88

D' Orb. Rhea, 2. - “ - 527
pennatus Cuv. Archibuteo, 1. - - 12
pennsylvanica Linn. Mniotilta, 13. - 196
Lath, Zonotrichia, 1. - 373
pennsylvanicus Wils. Accipiter, 4. - - 29
Wils. Buteo, 8, - -~ 19

pensilis Gmel. Mniotilta, 16. - - 196
Licht. Paroides, 4. - - 198

Gmel. Ploceus, 7. - - - 352

pentah Sykes, Coturnix, 9. - - - 507
Pentlandii Vigors, Tinamotis, 1. - - 525
pepoaza Vieill. Tzenioptera, 1. - - 241
peralaimus Wagl. Chrysocolaptes, 1. - 436
perenopterus Pall. Gyps, 1. - - 4
Tinn. Neophron, 1. - 53 App. 1

pereussum Temm. Dicwum, 22. - - 100
pereussus Temm. Dendrobates, 11. 437; App. 21
perdicarius Kittl. Rhynchotis, 2. - - 525
perdix Pall. Brachyrhamphus, 1. - - 644
Mol. Rhynchotis, 2. = - 525
peregrina S. G. Gmel, Clangula, 1. - - 622
Brehm, Gallinago - App. 26

Wils. Mniotilta, 45. - - 196

Gmel. Nyroca, 4. - - 621
peregrinator Sundev. Faleo, 5. - - 19
peregrinoides Temm. Falco, 9. - 19; App. 2
peregrinus Linn, Falco, 4, - « 19; App. 2
Wils. Faleo, 4, - - - 19

Vig. & Horsf. Faleo - App. 2

Linn. Pericrocotus, 7. 282; App. 13

Lath. Trichoglossus, 11, - 411

perlata Vieil/, Athene, 12. - - - 35
Miill. & Schl. Rhipidura, 33. - 259

Licht. Strix, 12. - - 41; App.3
perlatus Spix, Conurus, 21. - - 418
d Spix, Conurus, 22. = - 413

Vieil/. Cuculus, 36, - - 463

Gmel. Francolinus, 3. 505; App. 24

Temm. Ptilonopus, 10. - - 4166

Less. Sittasomus - - App. 7
perlineata Hodgs. Athene, 4. - ~ 34
pernigra Hodgs. Aquila, 15. - = 14
Perreinii Vieill, Estrelda, 30. - - 369
Perrotiana O Des Murs, Odontophorus App. 24
Perrotii Lafr. Dendrocinela, 4 141; App. 7
persa Linn. Turacus,1. — - - - 395
Vieill. Turacus, 3. - - 395

persica Vicill. Athene - App. 3; Sup. App. 30 a

persicus Linn. Cacicus, 12. - 342
Bonn. Hoplopterus, 2. —- - 541

G. R. Gray, Lagopus, 8. - - 517

Pall. Merops, 2 86; App. 5

Lath. Turdus, 78. - - 219
personata Gould, Amadina, 27. - - 370
Mill. & Schl. Campephaga, 21. - 283

Gould, Chettusia, 12. - - 541

G. R. Gray, Coracopsis ~ App. 19

Temm. Emberiza, 17. - - 3877

Swains. Hyphantornis, 10. - 351

Vieill. Hyphantornis, 16. - 351

Vieill. Monasa, 3. - a4

Horsf. Perdix, 7. - - 506

Swains. Pipilo, 5. 360; Sup. App. 30 b

G. R. Gray, Podica - App. 27

Riipp. Schizorhis, 3. 395; App. 18

Vigors, Strix, 3. - - 41; App. 3
Gould, Sula - - App. 30
Jard. & Selby, Tityra, 6 - 253
personatus Gould, Artamus, 8. - - 285

Temm. & Schl. Coccothraustes Suppl.

App. 30 b

Fras. Diglossa, 5. - - 137

Temm. Icterus, 14. - - 343

Temm. Laimodon, 3. - - 428

Temm. Lanius, 22. - - 291

Less. Pitylus, 11. . - 362

Shaw, Psittacula, 13. - - 423

Gould, Pterocles,10. - - 519

Swains Trichas, 1. - - 197

Gould, Trogon, 23. - - 70
personatum Daud. Syrnium - App. 3
perspicax Shaw, Turdus, 104. - - 220

INDEX OF SPECIFIC

NAMES.

10]

Page

perspicillata Temm. Carpophaga, 14. - 468
illig. Conopophaga, 4 - 255

Licht. Cyrtonyx, 1. - - 513

Gmel. Lichenops, 1. - - 242

Linn. Oidemia, 4. 625; App. 28

Wagl. Pipra - - App. 13

Swains. Platysteira, 12. = 257

Vieill. Rhipidura, 24, - - 259
perspicillatus Riipp. Accipiter, 3. - - 29
Licht. Agelaius, 10. - - 347

Gmel, Garrulax, 1. - - 225

Pall, Graculus, 1 or App. 30

pertinax Linn. Conurus, 11. - 413
peruviana Desm. Calliste, 8. - - 366
Swains. Calliste, 19. 366; eel 17

Briss. Crax, 5. - - 486

Lafr. Geositta - - App. 6

Briss. Hirundo, 33. - - 58

Lath, Hirundo, 32. = = IS

Lath. Rupicola, 2. - - 275

Less. Spermophila, 46. - - 386

Less. Zonotrichia, 6. - - 373
peruvianus Gould, Calurus, 3. - ay 0 |
Cuv Capito, 3. 430; Sup. App. 30¢

Gmel, Cyanocorax, 9. - - 307

Swains. Quiscalus, 9. - - 341

pesosaea Vieill, Anas, 15. 616; App. 28
petasophorus Pr. Maz. Polytmus, 24. - 108
petechia Linn. Mniotilta, 5. - - 196

petechius Linn. Myiobius Suppl. App. 30 b
- 3

Petiti O Des Murs, Ploceus, 26. - 53
petronia Linn. Fringilla, 49. - - 372
petrophila Gould, Euphema, 6. - - 411
petrosa Lath. Caccabis, 5. - - - 508
petrosus Mont. Anthus, 2. - - 206
Petzii Leibl. Conurus, 13. - - - 413
Peyrousei Vieill. Ortygometra, 10. - 593
pezoporos Meyen, Milvago, 2. - - 10
phenoleuca Viei/l. Elania, 31. - - 251
phenoleucus Vieill. Milvulus - App. 11
phzonotus Wagl. Fringilla, 81. - - 372
pheocephalus Hartl. Criniger, 3. - - 236
Lafr. Criniger Suppl App. 30 b

phzopus Linn. Numenius, 6. - 569
Linn. Numenius, 10. - - 569
pheopyga Licht. Polytmus, 83. - - 109
phzospilus Wagl. Pelecanus - App. 30
phaeton Homb. & Jacq. Estrelda, 40. - 369

Bourc. & Muls. Trochilus Sup. App. 30 a
O Des Murs, Platycercus - App. 19
phaioceps Blyth, Meiglyptes - App. 22
phaioleucos Temm. Monasa, 6. - - 74

phalenoides Daud. Athene, 43. - - 35

Vieill. Eurypyga, 1. ~ - 554

Gould, Podargus, 7. - - 45
phalerata JU. Licht. Ploceus, 10. - - 352
phaon Gould, Mellisuga, 47. - - 113
Pharei Blyth, Nectarinia, 60. - - 98
pharetra Gosse, Mniotilta, 37. - - 196
pharoides Vieill. Creadion, 1. - - 338
phasianella Temm. Macropygia, 1. - - 471

phasianellus Gould, Campephaga, 18. 283; App.13
Spix, Diplopterus, 5. 456; App. 22

Linn. Tetrao, 7. - 516
phasianus Lath. Centropus, 11. 455; ; App. 22
Phayrei Blyth, Perdix - - App. 24
phigy Bechst. Coriphilus, 4. - - 417
philadelphia Wils, Trichas, 4. - - 197
philippensis Gmel. Botaurus, 5. - - 557
Cuv. Centropus, 3. - - 455
Strickl. Hypsipetes, 6. - 238

Briss. ors aa 429; App.21

Gmel. Microsceelis, 7. - - 235
Gmel. Muscicapa, 41. - 263
Meyen, Nectarinia, 47. - 98
Gray, Oriolus, 9. - - 232
G. R. Gray, Otus, 11. - 40
Gmel. Pelecanus, 2. - - 668
Vieill. Pitta, 28. - - 214
Swains. Ploceus, 1. - - 352
Bonn. Podiceps, 8. - - 633
Kuhl, Psittacula, 16. - - 423
Linn. Rallus, 14. - - 593
Gmel. Saxicola, 30. - - 179

Page

philippensis Ogilby, Serpentarius, 1. - 31

Bodd. Turdus, 101. - - 220

Gmel. Turdus, 75. - - 219

Philippii Boure. Phetornis, 18. —- - 104
philippina Lath. Anoiis, 4. - - 661
var. Lath. Ploceus,2. - - 352
philippinarum Gmel. Cacatua, 2. 425; ian 20
Lath, Chrysocolaptes, 5. 436;

App. 21

philippinus Lath. Charadrius, 15. - - 544

Linn. Merops, 9. 86; App. 5

Linn. Ploceus, 1. - - 352
Philipsii Audub. Picus, 21. - - 435
philomela Bechst. Luscinia, 1. - = iS
Pr. Bonap. Luscinia, 2. - mS
Pheebe Less. & De Latr. Mellisuga, 45. - 113
Lath. Myiobius, 7. - - 249
pheenicea Lath. Campephaga, 4. - - 283
Gould, Petroica, 2. - - 183
pheeniceum Gould, Trochalopteron, 2. 226
pheeniceus Linn. Agelaius, 1. 347 ; om. 15
Gould, Cardinalis, 3. - - 358
Swains. Tachyphonus, 4. - 368
pheenicobia Gosse, Cypselus - App. 4
pheenicocephalus Mus. Paris, Calyptorhyn-
chus, 10. - - - - 426
pheenicoptera Temm. Ampelis, 2. - - 278
Swains. Chera, 1. - - 355

Swains. Estrelda, 36. - 369

Swains. Juida, 6. - - 326
Temm. Tichodroma, 1. = 145
Lath. Treron, 4. 467; App. 23
pheenicopterus Temm, Campephaga, 4. - 283
Gould, Carpodacus, 2. - 384
phenicopus Bartlett, Anser, 6. - - 607
pheenicorhyneha Wagl. Turtur - App. 24
pheenicotis Swains. Estrelda,4. — - - 368

Temm. Nectarinia, 96. - - 99

pheenicura Wagl. Carpophaga, 28. - - 469
Gould, Enicornis, 1. = - 133
Penn. Gallinula, 5. - - 599
Frankl. Mirafra, 4. - - 383

Jerd. Nectarinia, 67. - - 98

Wag!l. Ptiloncpus - App. 23

Kuhl, Rhipidura, 12. - - 259

Mill & Schl. Rhipidura, 27. - 259
pheenicuroides Hodgs. Bradybates, 1 - 181
pheenicurus Gmel. Bessonornis, 2. - - 220
Pall. Enneoctonus, 3. 291; App. 14

Gmel. Phaéton, 3. - - 663

Linn. Ruticilla, 1 180; App. 8

pheenix Less. Pelecanus, 1. - - 668
phragmitis Bechst. Calamodyta, 13. - 172
phryganophila Vieill. Synallaxis, 13. - 136
phryg gia Lath. Meliphaga, 1 21; App. 5
piapiae Daud. Ptilostomus, 1. - - 31l
pica Linn. Alea, 2. - - - 637
Scop. Buceros, 5. = = - 399
Bodd. Fluvicola, 4. - = - 242
Forst. Graculus, 21. - = - 667
Pall, Hematopus, 1. - - - 547
Linn. Pica, 1. = = - 314
Wils. Pica, 4. - - a - 314
Faber, Uria, 5. = = - 645
picexcolor, Hodgs. Museicapa - Fae 12
picaoides Hodgs. Sibia, 1. - - - 238
Hodgs. Turdus, 27. = =s 219

picata Gould, Ardea - - App. 25
Gould, Entomophila, 4. - - 118

Lath. Grallina, 1. - - - 204
Frankl. Motacilla, 8. - - 203
Swains. Muscicapa, 65. - = 963

Sykes, Muscicapa, 19. 263; App. 12

Gould, Rhipidura~ - App. 12
Lath. Phaps, 4. - 477; App. 24
Blyth. Saxicola - - App. 8
picatus Shaw, Buteo, 15. - = = if

Lath. Cissopis, 1. - - - 362
Gould, Cracticus - App. 14
Miill & Schl. Sato 10. - 464
Vigors, Hematopus, ll. - - 547
Linn. Ramphastos, 16. - - 403
picazura Temm. Columba, 6. - - 470
picea Cab. Formicivora - - App. 9

Page

picicitli Lath. Pipra, 39. - - - 274
picirostris Lafr. Dendrocolaptes - App. 6
picoides Shaw, Dendrocolaptes, 13. - 140
picta Raffl. Ardea, 58, - 556; App. 25
Gmel. Bernicla, 9. - - - 607
Dougl. Callipepla, 4. - - - 514
Gould, Entomophila, 1. - - 118
Gould, Fringilla, 15. - - - 371
Spix, Morphnus, 1. - - —L

Stel. Querquedula, 6 : - 616
Gray. Rhynehea, 1. - - - 585
Swains. Setophaga, 2. - - 265
Linn. Thaumalea, 1. - - - 497
pictum Less. Astur, 2. - - = 27
pieturata Temm. Columba, 29. - - 470
pictus Pall. Bernicla, 7. - - - 607
Bodd. Capito, 7. - - 430

Jard. & Selby, Francolinus, 2. - 505
Bodd. Haleyon, 43. - - - 79

Rich. & Sw. Plectrophanes, 3. - 379

picui Temm. Columbina, 1. 474; App. 24
picumnus Lemm. Climacteris, 1. - - 145
Licht. Dendrocolaptes, 1 - 140

(pt.) Licht. Dendrocolaptes, 2. - 140

picus Gmel. Dendrocolaptes, 13. - - 140

pilaris Licht. Euscarthmus

Suppl. App. 30 b

Linns Durdus,2. = - 218
Pall. Turdus, 3. - - - 218
pileata Licht. Anas - - App. 28
Scop. Chaleophaps, 1, - - 477
Wagl. Embernagra, 9. - - 361
Licht. Formicivora, 4. 212; App. 9
Pr. Maz. Gallinula, 10. - - 599
Bodd. Halcyon, 8. - - 79; App. 4

Gmel. Nemosia, 1. -
Licht. Penelope, 4. -
Natt. Pipra, 9. =

366; App. 17
485; App. 24
274; App. 13

Blyth, Prinia, 11. - = - 162

Scop. Psittacula, 1. - 422; App. 20
Macgill. Pyrrhula, - - App. 18

Gmel. Saxicola, 25. - 179; App. 8
Gould, Sittella, 2. - = - 148

Pr. Max. Tachyphonus - App. 17
Horsf. Timalia, 1. - - - 228

Jard. & Selby, Tityra,17. - - 254
pileatus Pr. Max. Accipiter, 5. - - 29
Scop. Anous, 4. - - ~ 661

Cuv. Chrysotis, 11. - - 422

Temm. Cyanocorax, 6. -' - 307

Linn. Dryocopus, 2. - - 436
Tschudi, Euscarthmus, 12. - 251

A. Smith, Francolinus, 20. - 506

Gmel. Hoplopterus, 8. - - 542

Lath, Mellisuga, 98. - - 113

Burch. Neophron, 2. - - &§

Bodd. Nycticorax, 12. - - 558

Bodd. Passer, 12. - - 373

Vigors, Platycereus, 12. 408 ; App. 19

Swains. Plocepasser, 3. - - 354

Gmel. Psittacus, 17. - ~ 421

Scop. Tanygnathus, 2. - - 420

Lath. Thamnophilus, 15. - - 297

Swains. ‘Vhamnophilus, 14. - 297

Bodd, Tinamus” ~ - App. 25

pillus Mol. Ciconia, 3. - - - 561
pilosa Lath. Coracias, 3. - = = (oe
pinetarius, Shaw, Hypotriorchis, 1 - 20
pinetorum Lepech. Euspiza, 3. - - 376
Meyer, Loxia, 1 - - 388

pinguis Gmel. Mniotilta, 20. - - 196
pinicola Vieill, Bubo, 12. - - - 37
pinnatus Licht. Botaurus, 3. - - 557
Quoy & Gaim. Carpophaga, 10. 468
pintadeanus Scop. Perdix, 4 - - 506
pinus, Wils. Fringilla, 19. - - - 371
Linn. Mniotilta, 10. - - 196
piperivorus, Linn. Pteroglossus, 24. - 404
pipiens Steph. Aedon, 3. - - 173
Audub. Anthus, 8. - 206 ; ion: 9
pipilans Lath. Coriphilus, 3 - - 417
Lath. Melithreptus, 4 - - 128

pipile Jacq. Penelope, 1. - 85; App. 24
pipiri Vieill. Tyrannus, 1. - - - 247
pipixean Wagl. Larus, 23. - - - 654

102

pipra Less. Euphonia -
Macgill. Pieus -
Pall, Picus, 3. .
piririgua Vieill, Diplopterus, 1.
pisanus Gmel. Oxylophus, 1
piscator Gmel. Falco, 13. -
Linn. Sula, 4. -
piseatrix Vieill. Pandion, 1
piscivorus Linn, Ramphastos, 6.
pispoletta Pall, Alauda, 2.
pistrinasia Vieill, Platysteira, 2.
pistrinasia Zemm. Tchitrea
pitangua Linn, Scaphorhynchus, 1
pithyornis Pall. Emberiza, 5.

INDEX OF

Page
- App. 17
- App. 21

666 ; App. 30

17
403
880
- 256
- rea 12

246; App. 11
377; App. 17

pitiayumi Viei/l. Mniotilta, 26. -
pitizuus Mol. Colaptes, 4. - -
pittoides Lafr. Brachypteracias, 2.
pityopsittacus Vechst. Loxia, 1.
placentis Temm, Coriphilus, 7.
plagosus Lath, Cuculus, 22.
plancus Forst. Milvago - -
Lath. Polyborus, 1. -
planga Vieill. Aquila . -
planiceps Jirehm, Archibuteo, 1. — -
planicolus Licht, Megalophonus
planicornis Merr, Buceros -
platalea Vieill. Spatula, 1. -
platensis Gmel. Embernagra, 2. -
Steph. Hirundo - -

61;

196
446

App. 4

388

417; App. 20
463; App. 22

App. 1

618; App. 28

361

App. 4

Lath, Troglodytes, 11. 158; App. 7

platura Vieill. Calamodyta, 16. . - 172
Vieill. Nectarinia, 28. - - 98
platurus Vieil/. Copurus, 1. - - 244
Vieill, Dicrurus, 3. - - 286

Lath, Mellisuga, 55. - 113

Vieill. Prioniturus, 1. 408 ; App. 19
platycerca Swains. Mellisuga, 78. - - 113
platycircus Swains, Crateropus, 6. - - 224
Swains. Todirostrum, 14. - 257
platypterus Vieill. Buteo. 8. - a ie)
platyrhyncha Swains, Glyphorhynchus, 1." - 141
Swains. Jacamerops, 1 - 84

Quoy & Gaim. Muscicapa, 26. 263

Temm. Tringa, 6. - - 579
platyrhynchos Pears. Buceros - App. 18
Ray, Chaulelasmus, 1. - 617

Temm. Phalaropus, 1. - 586
platyrhynchus Leadb. Momotus, 8. 68; App. 4
Pr. Max. Myiobius, 31. - 249

Pall. Platyrhynchus, 1 - 256

platyrhyngos Scop. Eudyptes, 4. - - 641
platyrostris Spiz, Dendrocolaptes, 6. - 140
Gould, Haleyon, 46. - - 79

platyura Jerd. Timalia - - App. 10
platyurus Swains. Drymoica,2. — - - 163
plebeia Spia, Spermophila, 7. . - 386
plebejus 2iipp. Crateropus, 5. - - 224
Tschudi, Euspiza - - App. 17
pleschanka S. G. Gmel. Saxicola, 4 - 178

plicatus Lath. Buceros, 18.
plotus Forst. Sula, 9. =
plumatus Shaw, Prionops, 1. -
plumbea Brown, Ardea, 29. -
Merr. Ardea - -
Swains. Ardea, 52.
Mill. & Sch. Campephaga, 38.
Wagl. Campephaga -
Vieill. Columba, 15. -
Gosse, Columba
Gray, Corethrura, 20. -
Pr. Maz. Formicarius -
Vieill. Gallinula, 2. -
Temm. Geronticus, 9. -
Gould, Gymnorbina -
Wils. Liydrochelidon, 4. -
Temm. Ictinia, 1. -
Swains. Mniotilta, 26. -
Vig. & Horsf. Myiagra, 2
Vieill. Pipra, 35. -
Gould, Ruticilla, 7. -
plumbeum Gel. Todirostrum, 6. -
plumbeus Vieill. Aramides, 7. -
Gmel, Conurus, 12. -
Lath. Daenis, 3. -

399; App. 18
666; App. 30

292
556

App. 25

556
283

App. 13

470

Suppl. App. 30 c

595

App. 9

599
566

App. 14

660

26; App.2

196

; App. 12

- 274
180
257
5941
413
102

SPECIFIC NAMES.

Page

plumbeus Licht. Lipangus, 1. - - 240
Linn. Mimus, 13. - - 221

Hodgs. Pontoaétus, 1, - - 18

Less. Tinamus” - . App. 25
plumbiceps Pr. Bonap. Larus - App. 29
Lafr. ‘Vodirostruin - App. 12

plumbipes Hodgs. ‘Turnix, 9. - - 511
plumicollis Spix, Tantalus, 1. - - 564
plumifera Gould, Ardea - - App. 25
Gould, Callipepla, 4 - - 514

Gould, Geophaps, 3 478; App. 24
plumiferus Gould, Podargus - App. 3
Gould, Pyenonotus, 9. - - 237
plumigerus Lafr. Pyenonotus, 7. - - 237
plumipes Daud. Archibuteo, 1. - =
Hodgs, Buteo, 5. - - li

plumosa Blyth, Actinodura, 1. - - 226
Blyth, Niltava, 20. 264; App. 12

Blyth, Tchitrea - - App. 12
plumula Gould, Meliphaga, 11. - - 122
pluricinetus Gould, Pteroglossus, 4. - 403
plutonia Shaw, Cygnus, 9. - - - 610
pluvialis Linn. Charadrius, 1. - - 544
Wils. Charadrius, 1. - ~ 544

Gmel. Piaya, 13 - 457; Ape: 22
podargus Dum Podargus, 1. - 45
podiceps Linn. Podilymbus, 1, - = 633
pecilinota Cab. Formicivora - App. 9
peciloma Gosse, Hirundo - - App. 4
peecilonotus Cuv. Buteo, 19. - - 12
peecilopterus ee Max. Anthus, 31. - 206
Vigors, Turdus, 25. 219; App. 10
pecilorhyncha Penn. Anas, 2. - - 615
peecilorhynchus Lafr. Buceros, 33. - 400
Shaw, Chrysotis, 2. - 422

peecilosternus Gould, Pteroglossus, 14. ~ 404
poensis Fras, Amadina, 12. - - 370
Strichl. Bessonornis, 9. - - 220

Fras. Strix, 7. - - 41
Peeppigii Wagl. Pteroglossus, 17. “404; App. 19
pogana Savi, Buteo, 1. - yt
poicephalus Swains. Dendrobates, 5. - 437
poicilophus Temm. Meiglyptes, 1. - - 447
poiciloptera Viel, Columba, 7. = - 470
poiciloptilus Wagl. Botaurus, 2. 557; App. 25
poicilorhynehus Wagl. Ptilostomus, 2. - 311
poicilotis Zemm. Hylophilus, 1. - - 200
poiocephala Swains. Rhipidura, 38. - 259
poiocephalus Jerd. Pycnonotus, 12. 337; App. 11
poliocar Forst. Psittacula, 12. - - 423
poliocephala Meyer, Ampelis, 1. - - 278
G. R. Gray, Carpophaga, 80. - 469

Tschudi, Cyclorhis, 1 - 293

Tschudi, Elania, 8. 250; App. 11

Gould, Embernagra, 10. - 361

Pr. Maz. Formicarius, 18. - 211

Wagl. Ortalida, 8. - - 485

Temm., 'Timalia,

Suppl. App. 30 b

poliocephalus Licht. Anabates, 21. 138; App. 6

Riipp. Caprimulgus, 4 - 47

Riipp. Caprimulgus, 5. 47

Lath. Cuculus, 5. - - 463

Cuv. Dendrobates, 4. 437; App. 21

Swains. Dendrobates, 5. - 437

Licht. Laniarius, 10. - 299

Pr. Maz. Larus, 28. 654

Swains. Larus, 29. - - 654

Temm. Larus, 24. - - 654

Jerd. Macronus, 10. - - 210

Jard. & Selby, Podiceps, 9 633;

App. 28

Lath. Porphyrio, 3. - - 598

Stanl, Prinops, 3. - - 292

Lath. Turdus, 72, - - 219

poliocerea Gould, Sterna, 2. 658; App. 29

poliogaster Temm. Astur, 9. - - 27

Dubus, Pitylus - App. 16

poliogenys Temm. Poliornis, 3. - a BG

Blyth, Rhipidura - App. 12

polionotus G. R. Gray, Buteo, 17. - 12

poliophaa Wagl. Grus, 6. - - 552

poliopterus Tschudi, Circus - App. 3

poliorhynchus Bechst. Pernis, 1. - -

poliotis Zemm. Corethrura App. 27 !

poliourus Temm. Acanthylis
polita Sparrm. Nectarinia, 50.
pollicaria Hodgs. Drymoica, 66.
polychlora Temm. Drymoiea, 39.
polychloros Scop. Eclectus, 4.

polychoptera Vieill. Muscicapa, 68.

polyeomos Less, Chenalopex, 4.

polyglotta Wils, Icteria, 1. -
Vieill, Sylvia, 15.
Spix, Venioptera, 1.

polyglottus Linn. Mimus, 1.

Vieill. Troglodytes, 33.

221;

- 241
pen 10

158; App. 7

polyosoma Quoy § Gaim. Buteo, 18.

polytmus Linn. Trochilus, 1
polyzona Temm. Estrelda, 14.

polyzonides A. Smith, Accipiter, 15.

polyzonus Temm. Accipiter, 2.

Temm. Chioronerpes, 11.

Riipp. Melierax, 1
pomarea Less. Monarcha, 9
pomarinus Temm. Stercorarius, 3.

Vieill. Sterorarius, 4.

pomeranus Sparrm. Enneoctonus, 2.

pomeriana Brehm, Aquila

pompadora Linn. Cotinga, 4
Gmel. Treron, 4.

pondiceriana Gmel. Anastomus, 1.

Suppl.

App. |

279; App. 13

- 467
- 562

Gmel. Muscieapa, 54, 263; App. 12

Gmel. Tephrodornis
pondicerianus Gymel. Haliastur, 1.

var. B Bechst. Palexornis, 11.

Pi. enl. Palzxornis, 11.

var. Palzornis, 14.

ponticerianus Gme/. Francolinus, 4.

Shaw, Haliastur, 2.
Gmel. Otogyps, 2
poonensis Sykes, Muscicapa, 20.
Blyth, Muscicapa
popayanus Waterh, Cacicus, 7.
Popelairii Dubus, Mellisuga, 70.
popetue Vieill, Chordciles, 1
populorum Vieill. Culicivora
porphyracea var. Forst. -
porphyrea Forst. Ptilonopus, 2
Temm. Ptilonopus, 21.

porphyreocephalus Shaw, Coriphilus, 3
Diet. Trichoglossus, 12.

App. 18
- 18
410
430;
App. 19
- 410
- 505
eS
- 4

263; App. 12

App. 12
- 342
- 193
- 49
App. 8

App. 23

- 466

- 467

Cet: 3 Wire
411

porphyreolophus Vigors, Turacus, 8. 395; App. 18

porphyreus Zemm Ptilonopus, 2. - - 466
porphyrio Shaw, Coriphilus, 1 - - 417
Pall. Porphyrio, 1 - - 598

Forst. Porphyrio - . App. 27

Shaw, Rollulus, 1 - - 507

Licht. Saltator, 7. = - 363
porphyrioides Less. Gallinula, 11. - - 599
porphyrobroncha Shaw, Querula, 1 - 239
porphyromelas Bote, Hemicireus - App. 21
porphyrurus Shaw, Polytmus, 20. - - 108
Shaw, Psittacula, 3. - - 423

Portmanni PBourc, Hylocharis, 48. - - 115
portoricensis Temm. Columba, 26. - - 470
Less. Ephialtes, 13. - 38;

Suppl a 30a

Daud. Pitylus, 4. - - 362

Less. Todus, 3. - - 63

Daud. Melanerpes, 4 - 444

porzana Linn. Ortygometra, 3. . - 593
Pouchetii Less. Heliothrix, 3 - = 115:
prelatus Less. Tanagra - - App. 16
prasina Sparrm. Amadina, 51. - - 370
Less. Hylocharis, 46. - - 115
prasinopyga Licht. Sylvia, 22. - - 174
prasinus Less. Eclectus, 4. - - 418
Lath. Pachycephala, 2 - - 256

Sparrm. Platyrhynchus, 5. - 271

Licht. Pteroglossus, 13. - - 404
prasipteron Less. Amadina, 39. - - 370
pratensis Eversm. Anthus, 4. - - 206
Linn. Anthus, 3. 206; Sup. App. 30 b

Vieill. Donacobius, 1 ~ - 223

Bechst. Ortygometra, 1. - - 593

Vieill. Zonotrichia, 21. - - 874

INDEX OF SPECIFIC NAMES.

— ae

Page

pratincola Linn. Glareola, 1 538; App. 25
Pall. Glareola, 2. - - 538

Pr, Bonap. Strix, 2 - - 41
pravata Horsf. Cuculus, 6 - - 463
predatorius Wils. Agelaius, 1. - - 347
pretiosa Less. Tchitrea - - App. 12
Pretrei Lafr. Euphonia, 19. 367; App. 17
Delatr. & Less. Phetornis, 16. - 104
Temm. Psittacus, 27. 421; App. 20
Less. Tanagra, 14. eis App. 16
Prevostii Less. Cacicus, 10. - 342
Less, Euryceros, 1. - - 398
Less. Polytmus, 15. - - 108

princeps Vigors, Carpophaga, 8. - - 468
Vigors, Pericrocotus, 3. - - 282
Temm, Tchitrea, 11. - - 260
principalis Linn. Campephilus, 1. - - 436
Linn. Vidua, 2. - - 355

prinia Temm. Prinia, 1. - - - 162
pririt Vieill, Platysteira, 5. - - 257
pristoptera Riipp. Atticora, 3. - - 58
procellus Bechst. Larus, 14. - - 654

procurvus D’Orb. & Boer: Xiphorhyn-

chus, 3 140
Temm. Maghortynchiies 1 5 - 140
productus Gould, Nestor, 2. 426; App. 20
profuga Banks, Diomedea, 5 650; App. 29
progne Bodd. Chera, 1. - - 355
promeropirhynchus Lafr. Biediagtes Is 140;
App. 6

promerops Linn. Promerops, | - =
pronotararia Gmel. Mniotilta, 41. - - 196
proregulus Pall. Sylvia, 3. - - 175
proteus Riipp. Nectarinia, 18. = - 98
provincialis Gmel. Emberiza, 9. - - 377
Gmel. Sylvia, 5. - - 174

pruinosus Licht. Caprimulgus, 31. - 48
Prunellei Bourc. Mellisuga, 11. - - 112
psaltria Say, Fringilla, 21. - - 371
psalura Less,-Alectrurus, 2. - ~ 243
Temm. Alectrurus, 2. - - 243
psalurus Temm. Caprimulgus, 18. - - 48
psarodes Licht. Brachypternus, 1. - - 441
psaroides Vigors, Hypsipetes, 1. - - 238
pseudocafer Blyth, Pyenonotus - App. 11
pseudogillia Less. Fluyicola, 1 - ~ 242
psidii Gmel. Pyenonotus, 28. - - 237
psilopoda Less. Ephialtes, 16. - - 388
psittacea Gmel. Estrelda, 34. - ~ 369
Lath. Psittirostra, 1. - - 389

Pall. Strobilophaga, 1. - - 387

Temm. Treron, 6. - - 467
psittacinus Mill, Eurylaimus, 5. - - 65
Spiz, Saltator, 13. - - 363

psittacula Gould, Camarhynchus, 1 - 35
Pall. Phaleris, 1 - - 638
psophia Pall. Psophia, 1. - - - 550
Pterocles Temm. Buteo, 10. - = 12
pterophzniceus Briss, Agelaius, 1. - 347
ptilogenys Blyth, Gracula - - App. 15
ptilonorhynchus Swains. Juida, 13. - 327
ptilorhyncha Licht. Numida, 3. 501; App. 24
ptilorhynchus Temm. Pernis, 2. - - 24
ptiloscelis G. R. Gray, Vanellus, 4 - 54)
ptilosus Jard. & Selby, Macronus, 1. - 210
ptymatura Vieill. Thamnobia, 1. 185; App. 8
pubescens Linn, Picus, 26. - - 435
Pucherani Boure. § Muls, Trochilus - Suppl.
App. 30a
pucrasia Gray, Puerasia « - - 503
puella Less. Carpophaga, 7 - - 468
Lath. Irena, 1 288; aE 13
Gould, Trogon, 24. - - 70
puffinus Briin. Puffinus, 10, - - 647
Linn. Puffinus, 1. - - 647
pugnax Hodgs. Caccabis, 3. . - 508
Linn. Philomacbus, 1 - - 579
Temm. Turnix, 8. - - 510
pulehella Riipp. Drymoica, 31. —- - 163
Forst. Estrelda, 34. - - 369

Shaw, Euphema, 1. - - 411
Horsf. Haleyon, 21, - - 79
Linn. Nectarinia, 26. - - 98
Gould, Petroica, 4. 183; App. 8
pulchellus Gould, Calurus. 3. 71; App. 4

Page

pulchellus Gould, Nettapus, 2. - - 608
Temm. Ptilonopus, 7. - - 466

pulcher 4, Hay, Eurostopodus, 6, - are 0)
Hodgs. Spizaétus, 10. - - 14
pulcherrimus Gould, Malurus, 3. - - 165
Gould, Platycercus - App. 19

Scop. pea as 23; - 467

pulechra Gould, Alcyone, 2. - 82; App. 5
Tschudi, Calliste - - App. 17

Gray, Corethrura, 28. - - 595

Hodgs. Regulus, 11. - - 175
pulchricollis Hodgs. Columba - App. 23
pulik Fras. Pitta, 18. - - 213
pullaria Linn. Psittacula, 11. 498 ; App. 20
pullarius Merr. Megalaima - App. 21
var. 8 Linn. Psittacula, 10. - 423

pullata Pall. Fulica, 1. - - ~ 600
pullatus Bonap. Milvulus - App. 11
pulo condor Lath. Larus, 37. - - 654
pulsator Steph. Platysteira, 2. - - 256
pulverulentus Gmel. Chrysotis, 3. - 422
Temm. Hemilophus, 5 ~ 439

Temm. Porphyrio, 3 - 598

Mill. & Schl. Totanus,6. - 573

pumila Lepech. Ardea, 37. - - 556
Til. Athene, 14. - - = 85

Vieill. Mniotilta, 24, - - 196
pumilio Scop. Psittacula, 14, - 423
Spix, Psittacus, 20, - - 421
pumilus Bodd. Botaurus, 5. = - 557
Less. Centropus, 5. - - 455

puna Licht. Querquedula, 14. - - 616
punctata Quoy § Gaim. Acanthisitta, 2. - 149
Burch. Anas, 21. - - 616

Gray, Aquila, 5. = = ig

Linn. Calliste, 12. - 366

Vieill. Elania, 33. - - 251

Cuv. Mareca - - App. 27

Gould, Pellorneum, 1. - - 227
punctatissima G. R. Gray, Strix, 10. - 41
punctatum Lath, Cinclosoma, 1. - - 224
punctatus Cuv, Campethera, 3. - - 439
Less. Capito, 14. - 430;

Meyer, Caprimulgus, 1
Linn, Eudynamys, 1. -
Gmel. Graculus, 16. -
Less. Hemilophus, 1. — -
Quoy & Gaim. Megalurus, 7
Lath. Pardalotus, 1
Viéill. Polytmus, 10. -
Jerd, Spizaétus - -
Sparr. Sula, 1. -
Shaw, Thamnophilus, 12.
Cuv. Tinnunculus, 6. -
Vieill. Totanus, 11. -
puncticeps D’ Orb. Picus, 29. -
punctigula Bodd. Chrysoptilus, 1
punctularia Linn. Amadina, 35. -
punctulata Quoy & Gaim. Athene, 36.
Gray, Francolinus, 26.
Gmel. Piaya, 9. -
punctulatus Gmel. Polytmus, 10. -
punctuligerus Wagl. Campethera, 4

punicea Tick, Carpophaga -
Horsf. Estrelda, 3. -
Gmel. Guiraca, 2. -
puniceus Levaill. Falco . -
Horsf. Gecinus, 12. -
Gmel. Lorius, 3. -
Gmel. Mellisuga, 98. -
Blyth, Strobilophaga -
Blyth, Trochalopteron, 2.
purpurascens Vieill. Eurystomus, 3.
Brandt, Graculus, 32.
Burch, Irrisor, 9. -
Wagl. Penelope, 5. 485;
purpurata Gmel. Ardea, 3. -
Ill. Nectarinia, 36.
Shaw, Nectarinia, 50. -
Gmel. Psittacula, 3. -
Temm. Ptilonopus, 4. -
purpuratus Lath. Ptilonopus, 1, -
Swains, Ptilonopus, 6

270;

Suppl. App. 30, ¢
47

- 464
- 667
- 439
- 169
App. 13
- 107

- 485

- 370

App. 24
- 555
- 98
- 98
- 423
- 466
- 466
- 466

purpuratus Swains. Quiscalus, 2. -
Swains. Trogon, 14, -
purpurea Linn. Ardea, 3. -

Gmel. Czreba, 8. .
Gmel. Ceyx,2. - -
Hodgs. Cochoa, 2. -
Licht. Cotinga, 5. -
Burch. Irrisor = -
Linn. Progne, 1. -

Less. Querula, 2. -
Gmel. Treron, 7. -

467 ; App. 23

purpureocephalus Quoy & Gaim, Platycercus,

20. { - - =

408; App. 19

purpureo-dorsalis Spiz, Ara, 10. - - 412
purpureo-viridis Schinz, Anas, 1. 615; App. 27
purpureus Gel, Carpodacus, 4. - - 384
Gray, Gallophasis, 9. 498; App. 24;

Suppl. "App. 30 ¢

Gmel, Porphyrio, 15. - - 598

Gmel. Psittacus, 12, - - 421

Licht. Quiscalus,1. 341; App. 15

Vieill. Ramphopis, 1. = - 363

Diet. Trichoglossus, 12. - 411

Less. Turacus, 2. - 395

purenroleucueepialus Homb. tae Ptilo-

nopus, 24, - - 467

purpuroptera Ripe Tevdens - - 326

pusaran Raffi. Buceros, 8. - - 399

pusilla Lath, Acanthiza, 2. - - 189

Temm. Alcyone, 6. - - 82

Vieill. Ardea, 43, 556; App. 25

Daud, Athene - - App. 3

Pall. Emberiza, 14. - - 377

Pall, Fringilla, 56. - - 372

Vieill. Heteropoda - App. 26

Wils. Mniotilta, 34. - - 196
Swains. Nectarinia, 9. - - 97

Vieill. Nectarinia, §. - = 197

Pall. Phaleris, 3. - 638

Lath, Sitta, 6. - - - 147

Bechst, Tringa, 12. - - 579

Gmel, Tringa, 7. - - - 579

Mey. & Wolf, Tringa,11. = - 579

Wils, Tringa, 14, = - - 579

Wils. Zonotrichia, 16. - - 373

pusillus Horsf. Charadrius, 16. - - 544

Swains. Irrisor, 8. - - 90

Dum. Megalaima, 27. - - 430

Swains. Myiobius, 11. = - 249

Gmel. Ortygometra, 10, - - 593

Swains. Platyrhynchus, 17. - 256

Blyth, Pyenonotus, 30. - - 237

Swains. Saurophagus, 3, - - 246

Swains. Spermophaga - App. 18

Hodgs. Tesia, 1. - - - 156

Shaw, Trichoglossus, 7, = - 411
pustulatus Swains. Agelaius,9, - - 347

Licht. Icterus, 19. - - 343

putea Buch. Ardea, 12. - - - 555

pygargus Temm. Cypselus, 7. - - 54

Briss. Cireaétus, 1. - - 16

Daud. Haliétus, 3. - = 1%

pygmea Bechst. Athene, 10. - =ESo
Lath. Formicarius, 12. - - 211

Gmel, Formicarius - App. 9

Baill, Gallinago”- - App. 26
Cretschm, Haleyon, 6. = - 79

Quoy & Gaim. Nasiterna, 1, -~ 423;

App. 20

Naum. Ortygometra, 9. - - 593

Gmel. Phaleris, 3. - - - 638

Vigors, Sitta, 7. = - - 147

Gmel. Tringa, 16. - - 579
pygmeum Kittl. Diceum, 16. - - 100
pygmeus Linn. Eurinorhynchus, 1 - 580
Pall, Graculus, 25. - - 667

St. Vine. Larus, 18. 654; App. 29

Spix, Phetornis, 12. - - 104

Licht. Picumnus, 4. 432; App. 21

Vigors, Picus, 15. - - 435

Koch, Tringa, 6. - - 579

Lath, Tringa, 16. - - 579

pyra Gould, Topaza, 3. - = = 110
pyrenaica Briss. Pterocles, 2. - - 518
pyrenaicus LaPeyr. Podiceps, 7. - - 633

dd

104

INDEX OF SPECIFIC NAMES.

Page
pyrgitoides Lafr. Embernagra, 5. - - 361
pyrocephalus Brehm, Regulus, 2. - - 175
pyrogaster Drap. Cuculus, 10. - - 463
pyrogastra Meyen, Anas, 6. - - 616
pyrolophus Mull, Psilopogon, 1. - - 431

pyronotus G. R. Gray, Gallophasis, 8. 498 ;

App. 24

pyrope Kittl, Tenioptera, 7. - - 241

pyrrhocephalus Licht. Amblyramphus, 1. - 348
Garn. & Less. eaeeesis,

40. - - 544

Hahn, Conurus, 10. - 413

Forst. Pheenicophaus, 1]. - 459

pyrthocorax Linn. Pyrrhocorax, 1. - 320

pyrrhogaster Tarrag. Agelaius — ~- App. 15

Malh, Dendrobates - App. 21

pyrrhogenys Jemm. Macronus, 4. - - 210

Temm. & Schl. Poliornis, 4. - 30

pyrrholema Forst. Hirundo, 20, - - 58
pyrrholeuca Vieill. Mniotilta, 74. - - 197
pyrrhomelas Pr. Maz. Spermophila, 6. - 386
Vieill. Spermophila, 32. - 386

pyrrhonota Vieill. Hirundo, 37. - - 58
pyrrhonotus Vig. § Horsf. Hirundo, 16. - 58
Vieill. Lanius, 16. - - 290

Vieill. Megalophonus, 11. 382;

App. 18

Vieill. Mniotilta, 70. - - 197

Miill. § Schl, Saxicola, 31. = LIS:

pyrrhophxa Hartl, Timalia - App. 10
pyrrhophus Vieill, Picolaptes - App. 6
pyrrhophanes Vieill. Cuculus, 46. - - 463
py’thophius Vieill. Picolaptes, 4 140; App. 6
pyrrhops Hodgs. Timalia - - App. 10
pyrrhoptera Lath. Meliphaga, 19. - 122
Temm. Tchitrea, 15. 260; App. 12
pyrrhopterus Vieil/, Agelaius, 8. - - 347
Vieill, Centropus, 3. - - 455

Vieill. Coceyzus, 1, - - 457

Hartl, Myiobius, 42, - - 249

Less. Passer, 9. - - 373

Lath. Trichoglossus, 10. - 411

pyrrhopyga Less. Criniger, Suppl. App. 30 b
pyrrhopygia Gould, Acanthiza, 3. - - 189
Gould, Haleyon, 35. - - 79
pyrrhopygius Wagl. Buceros, 30. ~ - 400

Vig. & Horsf. Calamanthus, 3. 164

pyrrhorhyncha Forst. Anas, 14. - ~ 616
pyrrhothorax Temm. Charadrius, 18. - 544
Gould, Turnix, 19. 511; App. 24

pyrrhotis Hodgs. Meiglyptes - App. 22
Less, Meliphaga, 24, : - 122
pyrrhotraa Forst. Tringa, 4. - - 579
pyrrhoura Hodgs. Yuhina, 5. - - 199
pyrthula Linn. Pyrrhula, 1. - - 387
pyrthuloides Pall, Emberiza, 22, 377; App. 17
Natt, Euphonia - App. 17
quadricinctus Temm. Pterocles, 6. - - 519
quadricolor Gmel. Amadina, 51. = - 370
Vieill. Iora, 2. - - 199

Eyton, Megalaima, 5. - - 429

Scop. Neetarinia, 47. - - 98

Vieill. Polytmus, 10, 107.; 85. 109
Vieill. Tachyphonus, 6. 365; App. 16

quadrigintus Gould, Pardalotus, 4 - 270
quadristriatus Licht. Corethrura - App. 27
quadristrigata Horsf. Corethrura, 18. - 595;
App. 27

quadrivittatus Licht. Formicarius - App. 9
Lafr, Parus, 4. - - 192

quelea Linn. Ploceus, 24. - - - 353
querula Vieill. Myiobius, 10. - - 249
Wils. Myiobius, 8. - - 249
querquedula Linn. Pterocyanea, 1. - 617
querula Nutt. Zonotrichia, 11. - - 373
querulus Wils. Picus, 18. - - - 435
quinquevittata Licht. Fringillaria App. 17
quinticolor Vieill. Amadins. 25. = - 370
Vieill. Amadina, 47. - - 370

Vieill, Merops, 11. - - 86

Less. Nectarinia - App. 5

quiriwa Less. Colius, 4. - - - 393
quiscala Linn. Quiscalus, 1. - - 341

Page

quiscala var. B. Lath. Scolecophagus, 1. + 340
quiscalus Daud. Quiscalus, 12. - - 341
quopopa Smith, Capito, 12, - - 430
Quoyi Less, Cracticus - - App. 14
radhea Vicill. Lorius, 1. = - - 416
radiata Tick. Athene,4. 9 - - 34
Quoy & Gaim. Carpophaga, 28, - 469
radiatus Lath. Astur, 4. 9 - = 27
Vig. & Horsf. ata 13, - 29

Gmel. Cuculus, 8. - - 463

Gmel. Oriolus, 12. - - 232

Scop. Polyboroides, 1. - - $i

Vieill, Thamnophilus, 1. - = 997
radiceus Temm, Carpococeyx, 1. - - 460
radiolata Wagl. Botaurus, 5. - - 557
radiolatus Wagl. Centurus, 2. 442; App. 22
radiosus Temm. Mellisuga, 46. - - 113
Spix, Thamnophilus, 1. - - 297

radjah Garn. Tadorna, 2. 613; App. 27
Rafllesii Swains. Calyptomena, 1. - 275
Less. Eurylaimus, 2. - - 65

Less. Megalaima, 3. - - 429

King, Pterocyanea, 4. - ~ 617

Vigors, Tiga, 2. - 441; App. 22

Raii Steph. Mergus, 1. - - - 629
raja Shaw, Lorius, 1. - - - 416
ralloides Scop. Ardea, 37. - - 556
*D’ Orb. Myiobius, 73. - - 249

Lafr. Tribonyx, 1. - - 599

rama Sykes, Calamodyta, 31. - - 172
rangoonensis Gould, Dicrurus, 1. - - 286
ranivorus Daud. Circus, 2. - = 32
ranunculacea Licht. Ploceus, 12. - - 352
rapax Temm. Aquila, 6. - - - 13
Wils. Myiobius, 10, - - 249
raptor Cabot, Saltator - - App. 16
rara Wils. Mniotilta, 23. - - - 196
Mol. Phytotoma, 1. - - - 390
rathbonia Audub. Mniotilta, 30. - - 196
Rayeri Less. Campephila - App. 21
Rayii Vig. & Horsf. Astur 6. - - 27
Gould, Calamodyta, 2. - - 172

Pr. Bonap. Motacilla, 12. - - 203
raytal Blyth, Mirafra - App. 18
Realtenii Miill. & Schl. Perdix, 9 506; App. 24.
reclamator Vieill. Bessonornis, 1. = - 220
rectirostra Meyer, Eniconathus, 1 - 414

rectirostris Gould, Ardea, 10. 556; App. 25
Jard. & Selby, Colluriocinela, 2. 295;

App. 14

Vieill. Dendrocolaptes, 13. - 140

Pr. Max. Furnarius, 3. - 132

Gould, Limnornis, 2, = - 134

Shaw, Nectarinia, 35. - - 98

Swains. Rhamphocenus, 1. - 157
recurvirostra Pall, Limosa, 8. . - 570
recurvirostris wv. Esacus, 1. - - 535
Swains. Esacus, 1. - - 535

Iafr. Haleyon, 46. - - 79

Swuins. Hylocharis, 11. - 114
recurvirostrum Lafr. Todirostrum, 7. - 257
rediviva Gamb. Mimus, 19. 221;.App. 10
Reevesii Gray, Phasianus, 6. - - 497
Gray, Ruticilla, 8. 180; App. 8
refulgens Temm. Lophophorus, 1 - 502
regalis Temm. Aquila - - App. 1
G. R. Gray. Archibuteo, 3. = 12

Temm. Astur,2. - - Sy

Briss. Milvus, 1. - - - 24

Pail. Milvus, 1. - - - 24

Licht. Pteroglossus, 3. - - 403

Shaw, Thrasaétus, 1. - - 15
regens Quoy et Gaim. Sericulus, 1. - 233
‘regia Less. Aquila, 1. - - - 13
Gmel. Muscivora, 1. - 258
Linn. Paradisea, 5. - 323; App. 15
Gould, Platalea, 4. - 559; App. 25

Mol. Sarkidiornis, 1. 605; App. 27

Gamb. Sterna - Suppl. App. 30 ¢
Linn. Vidua, 1, - - - 355
regina, Bodd. Ploceus, 3. - - 352
Swains. Ptilonopus, 6. - - 466
Gould, Mellisuga, 92. - 113

Page

regius Less, & Garn. Epimachus, 4. -~ 94
Shaw, Musophaga, 1. - - 394
reguloides Vig. & Horsf. Acanthiza, 9 - 189

D' Orb. & Lafr. Euscarthmus, 8. 251

Blyth, Regulus, 9. - -~ 175
Hodgs. Regulus, 3. - = 178
regulorum Licht. Baleariea, 2, 555; App. 25
regulus Shaw, Conurus, 14. - - 413

Shaw, Guiraca, 5. = - = 357

Pull. Hypotriorchis, 10. = - 20

Gould, Mellisuga, 91. - - 1138

Linn, Regulus, 1. - - 175

Meyer, Troglodytes, 1. - - 158

Wils, Regulus, 19. - - 175
Reinhardtii /ollbéll, Lagopus - App. 25
Reinwardtii Mill. Baza, 8. - - 23
Swains, Crateropus, 2. - 224

Swains. Harpactes, 9. - 71

Temm. Harpactes, 9. 71; App. 4

Temm. Macropygia, 7 - 471

Wagl. Megapodius, 1. - 491

Wagl. Pteroglossus, 22. - 404

religiosa Sav. Geronticus, 5. - - 566

Linn. Gracula, 1. - - 330

remifer Temm. Bhringa, 1. - - 287

remigialis Lafr. Ptilochloris, 2. - - 272

Rendallii Ogilby, Numida, 1. - - 501

reptilivorus Daud. Serpentarius, 1, ol
resplendens Gould, Calurus, 1. - - 71;

eee AEP. 30a

Vieill, Epimachus, 2. - 94

Audub. Graculus, 15. - 667

Tschudi, Vanellus, 3. - - 541

reticulata Temm. Meliphaga, 27. - - 122

Less. Psittacula, 21. - - 423

reticulatus Miill. & Schl. Psittacus, 34. - 421

retifer Jerd. Dierurus, 1. - - - 286

Temm. Dicrurus, 2. - - 286

rex Gmel, Grallaria, 1. - - - 213

Bechst. Lorius, 1. - - - 416

Scop. Paradisea - - App. 15

Reynaudi Pucher. Coua, 5. 454; App. 22

Less. Gallophasis, 4. - - 498

thaad Gmel, Eupodotis, 13. - - 533

Riipp. Eupodotis, 15. - - 533

rhami Less. Mellisuga, 24. - - 112

rhea Darwin, Rhea, 2. - - - 527

rhenana Sand. Ardea, 1. - - 555

rhinoceros Linn. Buceros, 1. $99 ; App. 18

thinolophus Pr, Max. Pteroptochos, 8 - 155

rhodinigastra Drap. Petroica, 8. 183; App. 8

rhodinopterus Wagl. Tantalus, 3. - - 564

rhodocephalus Shaw, Palzornis, 5. - 410

rhodochlamys Brandt, Strobilophaga App. 18

rhodochroa Vigors, Carpodaeus, 8. 384; App. 18

rhodogaster Lath. Petroica - App. 8
Hodgs. Pitta, 19. - - 213

Temm. Trogon, 10. = - 69

rhodopepla Vigors, Carpodacus, 7 - 384
rhynchotis Lath. Spatula, 2. 618; App. 28
Richardi Vieill. Anthus, 9. - 206
Richardsoni G. R. Gray, Capito, 15. - 430
Swains. Myiobius, 7. - 249

Pr. Bonap. Nyctale, 2. - 40

Swains. Stercorarius, 1. - 653

riciniatus Bechst. Eos, 4. - - - 417
Ricordi Gerv. Hylocharis, 23. - - 114
ridibunda Gmel. Piaya, 14. - - 457
ridibundus Linn. Larus, 19. 654; App 29
Wils. Larus, 24. - - 654

Riefferii Briss. Cotinga, 9. - - 279
Boure. Polytmus, 72. - - 108

Boiss. Saltator, 19. 363; App. 16

riga Less. Rissa - - - App. 29
ringvia Briinn, Uria, 6. - - - 645
Riocouri Savig. Hirundo, 2. = = 67
Vieill. Nauclerus, 2. 25; App. 2

riparia Linn, Cotyle, 1. - - - 60
risoria Vieill, Alectrurus, 2. - - 243
risorius Linn. Turtur, 4. - - - 472
rissa Miill. Sterna - - App. 29
Rivoli Boiss. Colaptes, 8. - - 446
Less. Mellisuga, 2. - - 112

Prev. Ptilonopus - - App. 23
rivularis Vieill. Myiobius, 65 - - 249

INDEX OF SPECIFIC NAMES. 105

Page Page Page

rixosa Vieill, Machetornis, 1. 245; App. 11 rubescens Vieill, Nectarinia, 22. - - 98 | rubricollis Temm. Recurvirostra, 3. - 576
Robinson Less. Mellisuga, 95. - - 113 Swains. Tachyphonus, 19. - 365 Swains. Sycobius, 2. - - 352
Robinsonii Gosse, Spermophila - App. 18 rubetra Gmel. Pipra, 32. - - - 274 | rubrifrons Brehm, Carpodacus, 1. - - 384
robusta Mill. § Sch. Arachnothera, 7. - 99 Linn. Pratincola, 1. - - 179 Spix, Centurus, 10. - - 442
Lath. Campephaga, 17. - - 283 | rubicilla Pall. Pyrrbula, 1. 387; App. 18 Spizx, Centurus, 11. - ~ 442

Riipp. Drymoica, 36. - - 163 Guldenst. Strobilophaga, 2. - 387 Less. Euphema, 3. - - 411
robustus Licht. Campephilus,3. 436; App. 21 rubicoides Lafr. Saltator - - App. 16 Hay, Fringilla, 59. - - 372
Lath. Cracticus - - App. 14 rubicola Linn. Pratincola, 2. 179; App. 8 Less. Glyciphila - App. 6

Gmel. Psittacus, 7. - - 421 ; var. Caffra. Licht. Pratincola, 2. - 179 Swains. Laimodon, 4. = - 428

rocar Steph. Turdus, 103. - 220 rubicon Vieill. Laimodon, 5. - - 429 Vieill, Megalaima, 27. 405 App. 21
Rollandi Quoy & Gaim. Podiceps, 12. - 633 | rubicus Vieill. Saltator, 7. - - - 363 Vieill. Pipra, 2. - - 274
rosacea Temm. Carpophaga, 15. - - 469 Vieill, Thamnophilus, 40. - - 298 Vigors, Psittacula, 16. = - 423
rosaceicollis Vieill. Megalaima, 13. - 429 | rubida Wils, Erismatura, 2. 627; App. 28 Bechst, Trichoglossus, 8. - - 411
rosaceus Lath, Cacatua, 4. - - 425 Vieill. Mniotilta, 72. = - 197 rubrigaster Vieil/. Pachycephala, 2. - = 271
Vigors, Palzornis, 7. 410; App. 19 rubidicollis Vieill. Melanerpes, 4. - - 444 | rubrigastra Vieill. Cyanotis, 1. - - 175

Less. Troglodytes, 34. - - 158 | rubidiventris Blyth, Parus - App. 9 | rubrigularis Spiz, Lamprotes,1. - - 362

rose Bourc. & Muls. Mellisuga, 64. - 113 | rubidopteron Dubois, Anas, 23. - - 616 | rubripes Quoy § Gaim. Megacephalon, 1. - 480
rosalba Cuv. Trogon, 8. - - - 69 | rubidus Temm. & Schl. Accentor Sopp Pe: ee Temm. Megapodius, 3. = - 491
Roscoe Audub. Trichas, 1. - - 197 Gmel. Calidris, 1. ~ Gould, Sula, 4. - - - 666
rosea Vieill. Cacatua, 1. - 425; App. 20 rubigaster Viedl/. Laniarius, 12. - - a Temm. Turdus, 59. - - 219
Wils. Guiraca, 2. - - - 357 Vieill, Pachycephala, 2. - - 271 | rubripygialis Malh. Tiga - = App. 22

Cuv. Megalaima, 13. 429; App. 21 rubiginosa Gmel. Ardea, 3. = - 555 | rubrirostris Vieill, Anas, 16. 616; App. 28
Gould, Petroica, 12. - - 183 Temm. Corethrura, 3. - - 595 Lafr. Arremon, 6. - - 361
roseicapilla Viezll. Cacatua, |. 425; App. 20 Valenc, Coturnix,9. = - 507 Spix, Crax, 4. - - - 486
Wagl. Cacatua 7 App. 20 Riipp. Hyphantornis, 24, - 351 Vieill. Dafila - - App. 27

Less. Ptilonopus, 6. - - 466 Pail. Mniotilta, 3. - - 196 Vieill. Spermophila, 3. - - 386

roseicollis Vigors, Megalaima, 13. - 429 Swains. Spermophila, 6. - 386 Drap. Zanclostomus’ - App. 22
Vieill. Psittacula, 10. 423; App. 20 | rubiginosus Meyer, Aidon, 1. - - 173 | rubritorques Swains. Vidua, 5. - - 355

Wagl. Ptilonopus, 21. - - 467 Swains. Chloronerpes, 15. - 443 Vig. & Horsf. Trichoglossus, 2. 411

D’ Orb. Tityra, 22. - - 254 H. Poseg. Cireus, 1. - - 932 | rubriventris Swains. Centurus, 5. 442; App. 22

Jurd. & Selby, Tityra, 29. - 254 Riipp. Crateropus, 10. - 224 Vieill, Centurus - App. 22
roseigaster Gould, Trogon, 10. - - 69 Lafr. Dendrocolaptes, 4. - 140 Vieill. Estrelda, 19. = - 369
Vieill Trogon, 10. - - 69 Hartl. Hemicireus, 4. - - 437 rubrocana Temm. Diceum, 10. - - 100

roseus Pall. Carpodacus, 3. 384; App. 18 Swains. Hemicireus, 4. - 437 | rubrocanus Hodgs. Turdus, 23. - - 219
Swains, Copsychus, 6. - - 177 Eyton, Hemicirers - App. 21 | rubro-capilla Briss. Pipra, 16. = - 274

Jard. & Selby, Laniarius, 3. - 298 Blyth, Pomatorhinus - App. 11 | Tubro-cristata Briss. Cacatua, 4. - - 425

Linn. Pastor,1. == = - 334 Lath. Thamnophilus, 1. - 297 D’ Orb. & Lafr. Carpornis, 4. - 279
Eversm. Pelecanus, 1. - - 668 Mill. & Sch. Turdus, 111. - 220 rubrocyanea Hodgs. Muscicapa - App. 12

Gmel. Pelecanus, 2. - - 668 rubinea Lath. Mellisuga, 22. - - 112 | rubrogenys Lafr, Ara - - App. 19

Vieill, Pericrocotus, 9. 282; App. 13 | rubineus Jerd. Pyenonotus, 3. 237; App. 11 | rubrofusea Shaw, Nectarinia, 14, - - 97

Jard. & Selby, RKhodostethia, . - 653 Bodd. Pyrocephalus, 1. - - 250 | rubroniger Hodgs. Amadina, 32. - - 370
Rossii Sabine, Rhodostethia, 1. - - 653 Vieill. Regulus, 19. - - 175 | rubropectus Less. Oriolus, 17. = - 232
G. R. Gray, Thinornis, 2. - - 545 rubinoides Boure. & Muls. Mellisuga, 23. - 112 rubropygius Hodgs. Eurylaimus, 4. - 65
rostrata Ehrenb. Saxicola, 1. - - 178 rubra Vieill. Amblyrhamphus, |. - - 348 rubrum Gmel. Diczum, 11. « - 100
Hodgs. Turdus, 12. - - 218 Briss. Caccabis, 1. - = - 508 Ruckeri Boure. Polytmus, 38. - - 108
rostratum Blyth, Malacopteron, 2. - - 209 Gmel. Casarka,1. = - - 613 rudis Linn. Ceryle, 1. = = - 82
rostratus Lath. Numenius - - App. 26 Bodd. Ceyx, 2. . 80; App. 5 Sparr. Pyranga, 2. - = - 364
Lath, Platyrhynchus, 1. - - 256 Linn. Crax, 5. - - - 486 | rufa Gmel, Anthus, 7. = - - 206

Hodgs. Zoothera, 1. - - 218 Vieill. Dasycephala - - App. 9 Bodd. Ardea, 26. : - - 555
Rougettii Guer. Eulabeornis - App. 27 Vieill, Elania, 34. - 251; App. 11 Scop. Ardea, 3. = : - 555
roulroul Scop, Rollulus, 1. - - 507 Gmel. Eos, 2. - - - 417 Gould, Athene - - App. 3
rubecola King, Squatarola, 2. - - 543 Gesn. Fringilla, 53. - - - 372 Gmel. Caccabis, 2. - = - 508
rubecula Swains. Cyphorhinus — - App. 7 Linn. Ibis, 1. - - - 565 Linn. Caceabis,1. — - = - 508
Linn. Erythacus, 1. = - 182 Linn. Mellisuga, 60. 2 - 113 Gould, Climacteris, 4. - 145; App. 7

Spix, Monasa, 6. - - 74 Vieill, Paradisea, 3 - - 323 Blox. Drepanis, 5. = - = 96

Blyth, Muscicapa, 36. 263; App. 12 Gmel. Ploceus. = Suppl. au a B Fras. Drymoica, 44, - = - 163

Lath, Myiagra, 1. - - 261 Linn, Pyranga, 1. - Bodd. Formicivora, 15. . - 212

Vieill. Myiagra, 1. - - 261 Vieill. Querula, 2. - - - HE Pr, Max. Formicivora, 11. — - - 212

Swains. Niltava, 5. - ~ 264 Swains. Setophaga, 5. - - 265 Swains. Fringillaria, 6. : - 378

Kittl. Pteroptochos, 2. - - 155 | rubrater Less. Myzomela, 1. - - 118 Linn. Fuligula,7. — - - - 621

Gould, Turdus, 109. - - 220 | rubricapilla Gmel. Megalaima, 16. - - 429 Gmel. Hirundo, 7. > = = 5f
rubeculoides Sykes, Muscicapa - App. 12 Gmel. Ptilonopus, 23. - = Ori Vieill. Hirundo, 6. - z sae
Vig. & Horsf. Myiagra, 1. - 261 Sandh, Sylvia, 8. - - 174 Briss, Limosa, 3. = - 570

Vigors, Niltava, 4. 264; App. 12 | rubricapillum Less. Diceum, 9. - 100 Spix, Monasa, 5. = Z a

Hodgs. Strobilophaga App. 18 | rubricapillus Merr. Amblyrhamphbus koe 15 Gmel. Nyroca, 1. = - - 621

rubeculus Swains. Cuculus, $7. - - 463 Steph. Momotus, 4. - - 68 Blyth, Regulus, 4. - - - 175
Gould, Pomatorhinus, 11. 229; | rubrieata Licht. Estrelda, 15. “ - 368 Bodd. Sylvia, 7. - = = 14:

App. 11 Lath. Origma, 1. 185 ; App. 8 Lath. Sylvia, 21. F = - 174

rubens Merr. Anthus - - App. 9 | rubricatus Licht. Colaptes, 3. - - 446 Gmel. Syrnium,1. = - - 39
Alb. Falco - - - App. 2 Gould, Pardalotus, 6. 270; App. 13 Bodd, Vachyphonus, 1. = - 365

Gmel, Spatula, 1. - = - 618 | rubricauda Blyth, Nectarinia, 67. - 98 G. R. Gray, Tehitrea, 12. = ~ 260

ruber Gmel. Amblyramphus, 1. - - 348 Bodd. Phaeton, 3. 663 ; App. 30 Swains. Tchitrea - = App. 12
Vieill, Annumbius, 2. - - 137 Hodgs. Ruticilla - App. 8 “eill, Tityra, 22. S = - 254

Briss. Cacicus, 9. - - - 342 | rubricaudatus Vieill. Picolaptes - App. 6 Wils. Tringa, 1. - - - 579

Scop. Lanius, 28. = = - 291 rubriceps G. R. Gray, Pyranga, 17. 364; App. 16 Wils. Zonotrichia, 21. - = - 374

Gmel. Melanerpes, 3. - - 444 rubricinetus Blyth, Pericrocotus — - App. 13 rufalbus Lafr. Troglodytes, 39. - - 158

Linn. Pheenicopterus, 2. - - 603 | rubricollis Bodd. Campephilus, 4. - - 436 | rufatra D’ Orb & Lafr. Formicivora, 2. - 212

Gmel. Ploceus, 23. - = - 353 Lath. Charadrius, 29. - - 544 rufaxilla Tschudi, Cotinga, 12, - - 279

Vieill. Pyranga, 4. - 2 - 364 Lath. Diczeum, 1. z - 100 Rich. & Bern. Peristera, 4. - 476

Vieill. Tachyphonus, 7. - - 365 Rupp. Francolinus, 24. - - 506 rufescens Brehm, Anser, 6. - 607

Gmel. Thamnophilus, 47. - - 298 Vieill. Guiraca, 2. - - 357 D Orb. & Lafr. ae 20. - 206
rubescens Vieill. Ceryle, 7. = = Less. Lamprotes - App. 16 Temm. Anthus, 6 : - 206
Vieill, Dicezum, 10. 100; App. 5 Gmel. Podiceps, 4- - - 633 Jerd. Anthus - - ioe 9

Vieill, Eurystomus, 3. - = GY Vieill. Pyroderus - App. 15 | Gmel. Ardea, 26. - = - 555

Vieill. Gecinus, 13. - - 439 Gmel. Querula, 1. - - 239 Vieill, Buphaga, 1. . - 332

INDEX

Page

rufescens Keys & Bl. Calamodyta, 27. - 172
Vieill, Corethrura, 10, - - 595

Swains. Dasycephela - App. 9

Vieill. Dolichonyx, 2. - - 349

Vieill, Drymoica Suppl. App. 30 a

Swains, Embernagra, 8. - - 361

Horsf. Ephialtes - - App. 3

Vieill. Fringilla, 53. - - 372

Viy. & Horsf. Megalurus, 3 - 169

Jerd. Muscicapa - - App. 12

Towns. Parus, 36. - - 192

Gmel. Pelecanus, 6. - - 668

Briss. Phalaropus, 1. - - 586

Bechst. Philomachus, 1. - - 579

Swains. Pipilo, 9. - - 360

Blyth, Prinia, 8. - - - 162

Swains, Rhinortha, 1. . - 460

Temm. Rhynchotus, 1. - - 525

Vieill. Spermophila, 31. - - 386

Blyth, ‘Timalia = : App. 10
Swains.'Tinnunculus, 1. - App. 2

Lath. Tityra, 19. - - - 254

Linn, Tityra, 39. - - - 254

Vieill, Tringa, 3. - 579; App. 26

ruffula Lafr. Haleyon, 27. - - 79
rufibarba Hempr. & Ehrenb. Fringillaria, 10. 378
ruficaligata Gould, Mellisuga, 59. - - 118
ruficapilla Vieill. Ardea, 39. - - 556
Smith, Drymoica, 17. = - 163

Fras. Drymoica, 43. —- - 163

Vieill. Elania, 35. 51; App. 11

Vieill, Fluvicola, 2. - - 242

Lafr. Grallaria, 2. 213; App. 9

Steph. Megalophonus, 5. - 382

Gmel. Mniotilta, 19. . - 196

Wils. Mniotilta, 48. - - 196

Vieill, Mniotilta, 71. - - 197

Tschudi, Monasa, 7. - - 74

Hutt, Orthotomus, 3. - - 162

Vieill. Synallaxis, 1.
ruficapillus Zemm. Charadrius, 32,

Vieill, Chrysomus, 2. -

Temm. Enicurus, 5, -

Vieill. Merops, 5. -
Jil. Momotus, 4. -
Vieill. Momotus, 5. -
Vieill, Nemosia, 4. -

Vieill. Saltator, 11. -
Vieill. Thamnophilus, 38.

ruficauda Gould, Amadina, 20. -
Gould, Cinclocerthia, 1. -
Swains. Crithagra, 3. -
Less. Formicivora, 24, -

Pr. Max. Formicivora, 7.
Cuv. Galbula, 2. -
Gmel. Mniotilta, 55. -
Swains. Muscicapa, 62.
Jard. Ortalida - -
Swains. Setophaga
Spiz, Synallaxis, 28.
Vieill. Synallaxis, 9
Pr. Max. Tityra, 43. .
Vieill. Xenops” -

135; App. 6
544; App. 25

- 348

- 212

83; App. 5

- 196
= 263
App. 24

SouEn App. 30b

- 136

135; App. 6

- 254
App. 7

ruficaudatus D’ Orb. & Lafr. Anabates: L172 138
Bourc. & Muls. Mellisuga, 22. - 112

Vieill. Myiobius, 52. -

ruficaudus Temm. Anabates -
Vieill. Buteo, 6. -

Meyen, Cinclodes, 10. -

Swains. Enicognathus, 1,

Pr. Max. Furnarius, 1. -

Pr. Max, Glyphorhynchus, 1
380; App. 18

ruficeps Blyth, Alauda, 6. -
Spiz, Aramides, 5, .

Brehm, Branta, 1. -
Spiz, Chloronerpes, 14. —-
Merr. Chrysomus - -

Swains. Conopophaga, 4
Lafr. Conopophaga -
Cuv. Corethrura, 2, -
G. R. Gray, Coua, 6. -
Spix, Dendrobates, 15. -
Gould, Drymoica; 50. -
Riipp. Drymoica, 33. -
Swains. Elania-

- 249
App. 6
- il
= 132
- 414
- 132
- 141

- 594
- 620
- 443
App. 16
- 255
App. 11
- 595
- 454
- 437
- 164
- 16%

Suppl. App. 30 b

OF SPECIFIC NAMES.

Page

ruficeps Bechst. Enneoctonus, 2. - - 291
D' Orb. & Lafr. tek re 18. - 367
Spix, Formicarius, 1. - 211
Licht. Hirundo, 23. - - 58
D’ Orb, Hylactes, 1. - - 154
Pr. Max. Hylophilus, 4, - - 200
Temm. Macropygia, 5. = - 471
Riipp. Megalophonus - App. 18
Gould, Mellisuga, 29. - - 112
Wagl. Ortalida, 5. - - 485
Less. Orthotomus, 2. - - 162
Bl. Paradoxornis, 2. - - 389
Swains. Pellorneum, 1. 227; App. 10
Sykes, Pellorneum - App. 10
Swains. Ploceus, 20. - - 353
Swains. Scaphorhynchus, 1. ~ 246
Licht. Synallaxis, 1. - - 135
Spix, Synallaxis, 1. - - 135
Strickl. Tachyphonus, 24. - - 365
Such, Thamnophilus, 16. = - 298
Blyth, Timalia = - - App. 10
Swains. Tityra, 18. - - 254
Lafr. Todirostrum, 15. 257; App.11
D’ Orb. & Lafr. Trichas, 9. - 197
ruficollaris Less. Anabates, 27. - - 138
ruficollis Spix, Anabates, 21. - - 138
Gmel. Aramides, 6. - - 594
var, Swains. Aramides, 5. - 594
Gosse, Ardea : - App. 25
Pall. Bernicla, 8. - 607; App. 27
Licht. Bueco, 9. = - 74
Vieill. Buceros, 19. 299; App. 19
Temm. Caprimulgus, 2. - - 47

Spix, Cathartes Suppl. App. 30a
Swains. Chrysomus, 2. - - 348

Gray, Corethrura, 29. - - 595
Swains, Corethrura, 6. - - 595
Less, Corvus - . App. 15
Vieill. Cotyle, 7. - - - 60
Licht. Cypsnagra, 1. - - 367
Swains. Cypsnagra, l. = - 367
Shaw, Enneoctonus,2. = - 291
Cuv. Eupodotis, 7. - - ep
Shaw, Galbula - - App
Jard. & Selby, Garrulax, 16, 225; App: a
Spix, Grypus, l. - - 105
Swains. Haleyon, 13. - - 79
Licht. Hoplopterus, 12. - - 542
Swains. Hypotriorchis, 9. - 20
Spix, Lamprotes, 1. 362; AER: 16
Vieill. Merops, 6. - 86
Vieill, Micrastur, 1. - - 28
Vieill. Mniotilta, 75. - - 197
Vieill. Myiagra, 1. - - 261
Vieill. Nectarinia, 89. - - 99
Scop. Nyroca. 1. - - - 621
G. R. Gray, Ortalida, 3. - - 485
Penn, Ortygometra, 14. - = 594
Wagl. Pastor, 10. - - 334
Less. Pernis, 5. - ~ 24; App.2
Vieill. Petroica, 11. - - 183
Pall, Phalaropus, 2. - - 586
Vieill. Polytmus, 36. - - 108
Hodgs. Pomatorhinus, 4. - - 229
Swains. Sclerurus, 2. - - 210
Gmel. Tanagrella - App. 17
Gmel. Tringa, 7. - - 579
Pall. Turdus, 20. - 219; App. 10
Licht. Yunx, 2. - - - 448
Spix, Zonotrichia, 6. - - 373
ruficrista A, Smith, Eupodotis, 11. - - 533;
Suppl. App. 30 ec.
rufidorsa Strickl, Ceyx - - App. 5
rulifrons Hodgs. Actinodura, 1. - - 226
Val. Anabates, 21. - - 138
Frankl, Drymoica, 63. = - 164
Riipp. Drymoica, 34. - - 163
Gmel. Formicivora, 15. - - 212
Less. Garrulax, 12. - - 295
Vieill. Hirundo, 10. - Syl
Steph. Laimodon, 6. - - 429
Hodgs. Picumnus, 11. - - 432
Less. Platycereus, 21. - 408
Less. Psittacula - - Ane. 20

Swains. Pterocyclus -

Page

rufifrons Lath, Rhipidura, 19. 259; App. 12
Swains. Setophaga, 10. - - 265

Ill. Synallaxis, 23. - 136; App. 6

Vieill. ‘Totanus, 13. - - 573
rufigaster Quoy & Gaim. HeOnlnss, 24. 469
Less. Creadion, 1. - $38

Raffl. Niltava, 5. - - 264

Vieill. Phetornis, 12. - - 104

Lath. Ptilostomus, 3. ~ - $11

Gould, Temnurus, 6. - - 310

Vieill, Xanthornus . App. 15

rufigastra Lath. Sylvia, 40. - ~ 174
rufigena Smith, Caprimulgus, 3. - - 47

rufigula Less. Dendrocolaptes - App. 6
Bodd, Formicivora Suppl. App. 30 b

Mill. Muscicapa - - App. 12
rufigulare Gould, ‘Trochalopteron, 3. - 226
rufigularis Gould, Entomophila, 3. - - 118

Daud. Hypotriorchis, 5. 20; App. 2

Gould, Synallaxis, 18, - - 1386

rufilatus Hodgs. Nemura, 1. - - 181
rufimarginata Temm. Formicivora, 5. - 212
rufimenta Hodgs. Trochalopteron, 3. - 296
rufina Pall. Branta, 1. - 620; App. 28
Temm. Columba, 16. - 470

Spix, Odontophorus, 1. - 513

tufinucha D’ Orb. & Lafr. Rerenion 17. = 361

Lafr. Campylorhynchus, 6. - 159

rufinus Jerd, Buteo, 2. - - =
Cuv. Centropus, 2. - - 455

Blyth, Charadrius, 22. - - 544

Hodgs. Charadrius, 20. - - 544

Spix, Myiobius, 78. - - 249
rufipectoralis D’ Orb. & Lafr. Fluvicola, 7. - 242
rufipectus Lafr. Myiobius, 47. - - 249
rufipedoides M*Clell. Hypotriorehis, 3. - 20
rufipennis Shaw, Juida, 26. - - 327
Blyth, Macropygia - App. 23

tufipes King, Athene, 16. - : - 35
Gould, Drymoiea, 50. 164; App. 8
Tschudi, Eusearthmus, 13. - - 251

Bechst. Himantopus, 1. - = 577
Besehe, Tinnunculus, 13. - - 21
rufipileus Vieill. Megalophonus, 5. - - 382
rufirostris Shaw, Caciecus, 2. - - 342
Tllig. Conurus, 27 - - 414

Licht. Haleyon, 12. - - 79

Gmel. Palzxornis, 3. ; - 409
rufistinctus M Cilell. Astur, 7. - = 27,
rufitorques Vieill, Caprimulgus, 2. - - 47
Pr. Bonap. Fuligula, 2. - 621

Hartl. Milvulus, 6. - - 248

Swains. Pipilo, 4. - - 360

Hartl. Turdus, 64. - n= MOIS:

rufiventer Valenc. Artamus, 3. - - 285
Less. Eudynamys, 9. - - 464

Swains. Haleyon, 7. - - 79

Spix, Harpagus, 1. - - 22

Swains. Parisoma, 1. - - 194

Blyth, Pteruthius, 4, = - 270
rufiventris 4. Smith, capitis 3. - - 29
Jerd. Buteo, 2. - - Ii

Homb. & Jacq. Caaipentiinrs 46. 283

Gould, Colluriocincla, 5. 295; App. 14

Vieill. Dasycephala, 3. - - 208
Cab. Elania - - sas 11
Less. Erythrogonys, 1. - 542
Licht. Euphonia, 7. - - 367
Vieill, Euphonia, 12, - - 367
Riipp. Juida, 17. - - 327
Swains. Laniarius, 20, - - 299
Gmel, Muscicapa, 18. = - 263
Vigors, Numenius, 18, - - 569
Tschudi, Ortalida - App. 24
Lath. Pachycephala, 2. - - 271
7eill. Petroica, 10. - - 183
Pr. Bonap Picumnuus, 10. - 432
Vieill. Pitylus, 14. : - 362
Riipp. Psittacus - - App. 20
Pr. Bonap. KRhamphocenus, 2. 157
Miill. & Schl. Rhipidura, 29. - 259
D’ Orb. & Lafr, Saltator, 16. - 363
Vigors, Saitator, 18, - - 363
Swains. Tchitrea, 4. - - 259
Vieill. Temnurus, 4, - - 310

INDEX OF SPECIFIC NAMES. 107

Page Page Page
rufiventris Hodgs. Tesia, 1. - - 156 rumicivorus Ménétr. Anthus, 9. - - 206 | sakhalina Vieill, Gallinago, 25. = - 583
Vieill. Thamnobia, 2. - - 185 rupestris Nils. Anthus, 2. = - 206 sakhalmi Vieill. Tringa, 18. - - 580
Jard. & Selby, Turdus, 28. - 219 Brehm, Bonasa, 2. - - 517 | salicaria Bechst. Calamodyta,i4. - - 172
Licht. Turdus, 53. - - 219 Spix, Chordeiles, 5. - - 49 Pall. Calamodyta, 11, - - 172
D’ Orb. & Lafr. Jyrsnnuy 15. - 247 Kittl. Cinclodes, 1. - - 182 Vieill. Passer, 4. - - - 272
Vieill. Tyrannus, 8. ~ 247 Scop. Cotyle, 3. 60; App. 4 Pr. Bonap. Sylvia, 15. = - 174
rufivertex Fv. Prev. Arremon, 3. 36 ; App. 16 juv. Temm. Cotyle, 4. - - 60 | saliceti Temm. Lagopus, 2. - - = 5ST
D’ Orb. & Lafr. Tee ae Le ZO2 Pr. Bonap. Fringilla, 49. - 372 salina Pall. Tringa, 7. - = = 579
rufobarbata Jacg. Spermophila, 51. - 386 Gould, Lagopus, 3. - - 517 saltator Bote, Drymoica, 2. - - 163
Jacq. 'Tanagrella - App. 17 Lath. Lagopus, 4 - 5 Bly Hill, Turdus, 65. + - - 219
rufocapillus Less. Pteroptochos, 15. - 155 Pr.. Max. Muscivora, 3. 258; App. 12 | saltatrix Ménétr. Saxicola, 2. ‘ - 178
rufocaudatus Eyton, Criniger, 3. - - 236 Temm. Sitta, 2. - - - 147 Saltii Stanl, Laimodon, 4. - - - 428
rufocinerea Riipp. Saxicola, 16. - - 179 Vieill, Turdus, 103. - - 220 | samoensis Homb. & Jacq. Tropidorhynchus App. 6
rufocinereus H. Smith, Hetzrornis, 2. - 335 | rupicola D’ Orb Colaptes, 10. - - 446 | sanblasianus Lafr. Cyanocorax, 11. - 307
rufocristata Briss. Carpornis, 4. = - 279 Tschudi, Conurus, 39. 414; App. 19 | sanctus Vig. & Horsf. Halcyon, 3). - App. 3
rufogaster Gould, Colluriocinela App. 14 Hodgs. Cotyle - - App. 4 | saneta eruxi Pr. Bonap. Centurus, 8. - 442
rufogularis Brehm, Anthus, 4. - - 206 Linn. Rupicola, 1. - - 275 St. Hilarii Less. Lochmias, 1. 1333 App. 6
Fras. Drymoica, 45. = - 163 Boie, Saxicola, 22. - - 179 Sancti Johannis Gmel. Archibuteo, 2,3. - 12
Less. Fluvicola, 8. - - 2492 Licht. Turdus, 103. - - 220 St. Thomez Kuhl, Psittacula, 2. - - 423
Gould, Meliphaga, 28. - 122 |} rupicoloides 4, Smith, Tinnunculus, 5. =) Ql Gmel, ‘Treron, 4. 467 ; App. 23
Gould, Pachycephala, 8. 271; App. 13 rupicolus Daud. Tinnunculus, 4. = ol sandaliata Sol. Ms. Procellaria, 10. - - 648
Less. Pipilo, 4. - 360 | Ruppellii Haup, Accipiter, 15. - - 29 | sandwichensis Blor, Athene - App. 3
Lafr. Tanagrella - App. 17 Wagl. Dendrobates, 11. - 437 Vigors, Bernicla, 10. = - 607
rufonotus Malh. Meiglyptes - App. 22 G. R. Gray, Francolinus, 12. - 505 Gmel, Corethrura, 21. - 595
rufo-olivacea Lafr. Elania, 12. - - 250 G.R. Gray, Psittacus = App. 20 Gmel. Emberiza, 20. - 377
Lafr. Ptilochloris, 3. - 272 Temm. Sylvia, 6. - - 174 Gmel, Muscicapa, 15. 263; App. 12
rufopalliata Lafr. Certhilauda, 4. 383; App. 18 | ruscicola Vieill. Sylvia, 1. - - 174 Steph. Psittirostra, 1. - 389
rufo-palliatus Lafr. pemiaey 68. - - 219 russata Temm. Ardea, 39. - - - 556 ae Gmel, Turdus, 96. - - 219
rufopectus Fras. Estrelda, 12. - - 368 russatus Jerd., Charadrius, 23. - - 544 | sanguinarius Less. Lipangus, 5. - - 240
G. R. Gray, Podiceps, 10. - 633 | russeicauda Vieill. Setophaga - App. 12 | sanguinea Gould, Cacatua, 9. 425; App. 20
Less. Setophaga - App. 12 | russeola Vieill. Synallaxis, 9. - - 135 Gmel. Calenas, 3. - - 478
rufopilea Lafr. Pipilo - - App. 16 | russicus Daud. Milvus, 1. - - - 24 Gmel. Drepanis, 4. - 96; App. 5
rufosuperciliatus Lafr. Xenops = App. 7 Gmel. Paroides, 5. - - 193 Gmel. Myiomela, 9. - - 118
rufoteniatus Drap. Myiobius, 58. - 249 Gmel. Perisoreus, 1. - - 306 Shaw, Paradisea, 3. - - 323
rufovelatus Fras. Ploceus, 18. - - 353 rustica Linn. Clangula, 5. - - 622 : Swains. Pyrenestes, a= - 356
rufovirides Mulh. Chloronerpes, 12. 443; App. 21 Pall. Emberiza, 6, - 3773 ; App. 17 | sanguineum Swains. Diceum, 1. = - 100
rufovittatus Drap. Cuculus, 6. - - 463 Licht. Euspiza - App. 17 | sanguineus Less. Charadrius, 8. = - 544
rufula Vieill. Alauda - - App. 18 Linn, Hirundo, 1, - - - 57 _, Licht, Dendrobates - App. 21
Lafr. Grallaria, 10. - - 213 orientalis Schl. Hirundo, 2. - a By sanguinicollis Licht. Pyroderus, 1. - - 317
Gould, Hirundo - - App. 4 | rusticola Linn. Scolopax 1. 584; App. 26 | sanguinifrons Hay, Timalia - App. 10
Temm. Hirundo, 13. - - 58 rusticus Licht. Tyrannus, 10. - - 247 | sanguinirostris Linn. Ploceus, 24. - - 353
Lafr. Niltava, 9. 264; App. 12 ruticapilla Sparr. Tachyphonus, 20. - 365 | sanguinolenta Temm. Amadina, 44, - 370
rufulus Viez/l. Anthus, 23. = - 206 ruticilla Swains. Ruticilla, 1. - - 180 Lath. Myiomela, 1. « - 118
Vieill. Cuculus, 45. - - 463 Gmel. Setophaga, 1. - - 265 Lafr. Pyranga, 8. = - 364
Blyth. Garrulax = - App. 10 | rutila Pall. Casarka, 1. - - - 613 | sanguinolentum Temm. Diceum, 4. 100; App. 5
Vieill, Morphnus” - - App. 1 Vieill. Dasycephala - - As 9 | sanguinolentus Swains. Aramides, 10. - 594
Drap. Turdus - ~ App. 10 Pall, Emberiza, 16. - - - 377 Temm. & Schl, Carpodacus Sup.
rufus Less. Anabates, 20. = - 138 Vieill, Hirundo, 3. - - S oy App. 30 ¢
Gmel, Anthus, 10. - - - 206 Vieill. Phytotoma, 3. - - 390 Less. Megalorhynchus, 1. - 431
Linn. Artamus = = App. 13 Vieill. Piaya, 8. = = - 457 Temm. Oriolus, 17. - 232
Vieill. Caprimulgus, 23. = - 48 | rutilans Licht. Morphnus - . App. 1 Less. Tachypbounsys 12, = 365
Gmel. Celeus, 4. 2 = - 440 Temm. Passer, 11. - = - 373 sannio Gmel. Anthornis, 1. - 123
Steph. Centropus, 2. - - 455 Temm. Synallaxis, 15. - - 136 Sundev. Rhipidura, 12. - - zo
Gmel. Chordeiles, 6. 49; App. 4 Swains. Troglodytes, 29. - - 158 | Santa Cruzi Pr. Bonap. Centurus, 8, 442; App. 22
Gmel. Cireus, 13. - - - 32 Temm. Xenops” - - App. 7 St. Thome, Hartl. Sycobius, Ie - 352
var. indicus Less. Cireus, 13. = 82 rutilus Vieill. Dasyeephala - App. 9 | saphira Tick. Muscicapa, 33. 263; App. 12
Vieill, Corethrura, 29. E - 595 Lath. Enneoctonus, 2. = - 291 saphirina Tick. Muscicapa - - App. 12
Temm. Coturnix, 6. . - 507 Pucher. Ephialtes - Suppl. App. 30 a. Gmel. Hylocharis, 36. = - 115
Gould, Cursorius, 4. - - 537 Vieill. Harpactes, 5. - 71; App. 4 Vieill. Hylocharis, 14, - - 114
Vieill. Dasycephala, 1. - - 208 Vieill. Thamnophilus, 20. - - 298 saphirinus Forst. Coriphilus, 1. . - 417
Vieill. Dendrocolaptes, 17. - 140 Vieill. Troglodytes, 29. = - 158 sapho Less, Mellisuga, 46. - - - 113
Briss. Enneoctonus, 2. - - 291 Licht. Xenops - - App. 7 | sarda Marm. Sylvia, 2. - = 5 Ws
Gmel. Furnarius, 1. 132; App. 6 rythirhynchos Vieill. Rallus, 2. 593; App. 26 sardoa, Savi, Fringilla, 4. - - - 372
Pr. Maz. Furnarius, 2. — = 132 sarmientonus King. Graculus, Py - 668
Raff. Gallophasis, 1. 2 - 498 sarracura Spia, Aramides, 7. - - 594
Scop. Geronticus, 18. a = GAS sasin Less. Mellisuga, 60. - - - 113
Less. Hylactes, 2. - - - 154 satrapa Licht, Regulus, 19. ; pauls
Bechst. Limosa, 1. - - - 570 | Sabina Boure. & Muls. Mellisuga, 33. - 112 | saturata Blyth, Fringilla, 14. - 371
Gray, Meiglyptes, 3. - - 447 Sabini Gray, Chaunonotus, 1. - - 299 Horsf. Gallinago, 26. 583 ; App. a
Gmel. Mellisuga, 60. - Sens Gray, Acanthylis, 8. - - 55 Blyth, Nectarinia, 66- = ee
Linn. Mimus,17. = - App. 10 Vigors, Gallinago, 24. - - 583 2 Hodgs. Nectarinia, 66. _ >
Vieill. Odontophorus, 1. 5 - 513 Leach, Xema, 1. - - - 655 | saturninus Nordm. Colluriocincla, 1. - HD
Bechst. Phalaropus, 1. - - 586 Dougl. Bonasa, 1. - - - 517 Licht. Mimus, 7. 3 Re a.
Pr. Maz. Picolaptes, 1. - - 140 | sabota A. Smith, Megalophonus, 8. - 382 | satyra Linn. Ceriornis, 1. 499; App.
Licht. Plotus, 3. - - - 664 saccharina, Lath. Diceum - - App. 5 Saucerrottei Bourc. & De Latr. Polytmus, 67. 108
Less. Polytmus, 5. - = aol sacer Briss. Falco, 2. = - =~ 4G) saucius Strickl. Tachyphonus, 4. - - ae
Scop. 'Temnurus, 4. - - 310 Schl. Kaleo - - App. 2 saui-jala Lath. Phyllornis, 10. - as R a
Vieill. Thamnophilus, 6. = - 297 var. Lath. Haleyon, 36. - - 79 | saularis Linn. Copsychus, 1 ane i ; ers
Gmel. Trogon, 4. = - - 69 | sacra Gmel. Ardea, 31. - - - 556 Saulii De Latr. & Boure. Calothorax, 3. -
Vieill. rise I 4 - Gia Gmel. Haleyon, 44. - = = Ye) saurophaga Gould, Halcyon, 17. - - ae
rugensis Homb. & Jacq. Muscicapa, 22. - 263 | sagittata Cass. Ephialtes Suppl. App. 30 a. | saurophagus Hae one is ; : ae
rugirostra Swains, Crotophaga, 4. ~ 458 Lath. Oriolus, 19. - - 232 | savapna Vieill. Milvu UE, We me
i i Wils. Zonotrichia, 24. - 374
rugosus Begbie, Buceros, 20. - - 399 sagittatus Lath, Calamanthus, 5. - ~ 164 aan FoRtates Baers
rumicivorus Eschsch. Thinocorus, 1. = 521 saira Spir, Pyranga, 2. « - - 364 | savannarum Gmel. Ammodromus, 8. $

e6

Page

savannarum Vieill. Zonotrichie, 24. - 374
Savignii Leach, Hirundo, 2. = - 57
Cuv. Merops, 6, - 86; App. 5

Temm, Merops, 7. ~ - 86

Savii Pr. Bonap. Calamodyta, 19. - - 172
sawka Lepech, Harelda, 1. - - 622
saxatilis Bechst. Caceabis, 2. - - 508
Koch, Fringilla, 74. - - 372

Schinz, Sitta, 2. - - - 147

Linn. Turdus, 99. - 220
saxicoloides Boie, Melanocorypha - Apr. 18
Saya Pr. Bonap. Myiobius, 12. - 249
sayaca Gmel. Tanagra, 1. - ~ - 364
Linn, Tanagra, 3. - 364
sealaris Wagl. Picus, 33. - 435; App. 21
Licht. Trogon, 4. - - - 69
scandens Gould, Cactornis, 1, - - 359
Temm. Climacteris, 2. 145; App. 7

Lath. Dendrocolaptes, 1. - 140

Swains. ena © 2s - 238
seandiaca Gel. Fuligula, 1. - - 621
scandulaca Pall. Certhia, 1. - - 143
scansor Ménétr. Sclerurus, 1. - - 210
scapularis Ji. Ardea, 49. - - - 556
Vigors, Dryocopus, 8. - - 485

Licht. Formicivora, 5. - - 212

Horsf. Tora, 3. - - - 199

Swains, Platycercus, 25. - 408

Steph. Tchitrea, 19. - - 260

Licht. ee 52; - 298

Steph. Uria, 1. - - - 645
seapulatus Daud. Corvus, 22. - - 315
Licht. Lophocitta, 1. - - 305

Bechst. Platycercus, 25. - 408

scarlatina Sparm, Nectarinia, 41. - - 98
scarlatinum Schintz. Dicezum, 11. - - 100
schach Linn, Lanius, 12. - - - 290
Scheghagha Forsk, Merops, 1. - - 86
schenibanus Linn, Calamodyta, 13. - 172
schenobenus Scop, Calamodyta, 14. - 172
scheniclus Linn. Emberiza,21. 377; EP 17
Scherie Tick. Nectarinia, 61. ~ 98
Schinzii Brehm, Tringa, 8. 5793 Ane 26
schistacea Ehrenb. Ardea, 28. - - 556
Hodgs. Grandala - App. 8
schistaceus Boiss, Arremon, 14. = - 361
Hodgs. Enicurus, 4. = - 204

D’ Orb. & oor Thamnophilus,
22.

- - - 298

schisticeps Homb, §& Jacq. Canepnenw, 27. 283
Hodgs. Palzornis - App. 19

Hodgs. Rhipidura - App. 12

Hodgs. Pomatorhinus, 5. - 229

Blyth, Regulus, 14. - = 175

Hodgs. Ruticilla - App. 8

schistilata Hodgs. Drymoica, 65. - - 164
schistinotus Hodgs. Parus - - App. 9
scheenicola Pr. Bonap. Drymoica, 49. - 164
Schrankii Spizx, Calliste, 17. - - 366
scintillans Gould, Turnix, 21. - - 511
scintillata Zemm. Eos, 10. 417; App. 20
scita Vieill, Platysteira, 3. - - - 256
sclavonicus Lath. Archibuteo, 1]. - - 12
scolopacea Temm. Eupodotis, 12. - - 533
Say, Macrorhamphus, 1 - 582
scolopaceus Gmel. Aramus - App. 27
Licht, Campylorhynchus, 1 - 159

Linn, Eudynamys, 1. - ~ 464
scolopacinus Pr, Bonap. Gallinago, 2. - 583
Forst. Larus, 13. - - 654

scops Linn. Ephialtes, 1. - - 38; ae 3

japonicus Temm. & Schl. Ephialtes, 1. 38

scopus Wagl. Scopus - - App. 25
Scoresbii Trail, Larus, 11. - - 654
scoticus Lath. Lagopus, 1. - - 517
scotopterus Pr. Maz. Buteo, 16. - = 12
Scouleri Vigors, Enicurus, 8. - - 204
scriba Gould, Otocoris, 2. - - - 382
seripta Temm. Geophaps, 2. 478; App. 24
scriptus Gould, Elanus, 3. = - - 26

Temm. Pteroglossus, 12, - - 404
seutarius Hodgs. Accipiter, 14. - se529
seutata Gray, Perdix, 10. - - - 506
seutatus Bodd. Buceros, 17. 399; App. 18

Wagl. Celeus, 7. - - - 440

INDEX OF

SPECIFIC NAMES.

Page

scutatus Temm. Hylocharis, 29, ~ - 114
Shaw, Pyroderus, 1. $17; App. 15

Cass. Sycobius = — Suppl. App. 80 b
scutellata Raff. Athene, 8 - 35; App. 3

seena Sykes, Sterna, 9. - 659; App. 29
segetum G'mel. Anser, 2. - 607; App. 2
Temm. Corvus, 15. - - 315
Selbii Gould, Colluriocinela - App. 14
A, Smith, Crithagra, 2. - - 385
Audub, Setophaga, 12. - - 265
Swains, Tityra, 8. = - - 253
seleucides Less. Paradisea, 4. - - 823
seleucis Gmel. Pastor, 1. - - - 334
seloputo Horsf. Syrnium, 8. - - 39
semibrunneus Lafr. Hylophilus, 5. - 200
semicerulea Forsk. Haleyon, 1. - 79; App. 4
semicollaris Miill. & Schl. Rhipidura, 34. - 259
Vieill. Rhynchwa, 4. 585; App. 26
Lath. Trichoglossus, 3. - 411

semifasciatus Spix, Tityra, 6. - - 253

semipalmata Lath, Anseranus, 1. = - 604
Wils, Heteropoda, 1. 580; App. 26
semipalmatus Kaup, Charadrius, 38. - 544;
App. 29

Gmel, Totanus, 25. - - 573

semipartita Riipp. Muscicapa, 11. - - 263
semirostris Herm. Paleornis, 3. - - 409
semirufa Riipp. Bessonornis, 7. - - 220
Riipp. Saxicola, 15. - - 179
semirufus Boiss. Arremon, 15. - - 361
semisuleata Swains, Crotophaga, 6. - 458
semitorquata Swains. Aleedo, 6 - - 8!
A. Smith, Certhilauda, 2 RGIS

App. 18

Gmel, Mniotilta, 62. - = 197
semitorquatus Swains. Arremon, 10. - 361

Gmel. Caprimulgus, 31, - 48
Licht. Dryocopus, 6.
A. Smith, Hypotriorchis, 14. 20;

App. 2
Vieill. Micrastur, 1. « - 28
Quoy & Gaim. Platycercus,

10. - - - 408
Swains. Treron, 13. - - 467
Riipp. Turtur, 10. - - 472
Swains, Turtur, 11. - 472

semitorques Temm. & Schl. Enphialtes, 4 2 = 188
senegala Lath. Coracias, 2. Sm6e
Linn. Estrelda, 5. - - 368
senegalensis Gmel. Alauda, 13. 5 - 380
Gmel. Ardea, 37. - - 556

Linn, Centropus, 1. = - 455

Gmel. Colius, 3. - - 393

Gmel. Coracias, 2. - - 62

Licht. Cursorius, 2. - - 537

Gmel. Dendrobates, 7. - 437

Swains. Ephialtes, 1. - - 38

Vieill, Eupodotis, 15. - = 1589

Briss. Francolinus, 8. - - 505

Gmel. Glareola, 1. - - 538

Linn. Halcyon, 1. = - 79

Linn. Hirundo, 15. - 58; App. 4

Steph. Hyphantornis, 1. - 351

Vieill. Irrisor, 2. - - 90

Licht. Laimodon, 5. - - 429

Shaw, Merops, 14. - w= 156:

Shaw, Mycteria, 2. - - 562

Linn, Nectarinia, 16. - - 97

Swains. CGidicnemus, 2. - 4535;

App. 25

Gmel. Phyllastrephus, 3. - 238

Linn. Platysteira, 4. - - 256

Vieill. Podica, 1. - - 634

Licht. Pterocles,7. - - 519

Linn. Ptilostomus, 1. - - 311

Licht. Schizorhis, 1. - - 395

Daud. Spizaétus, 4. - - 14

Swains. Sterna, 26. - - 659

Bodd. Sylvia, 40. - - 174

Less. Tchitrea, 6. - - 259

Swains. Turacus, 2. « - 395

Linn. Turtur, 8. - - 472

Swains. Upupa, 1. - - 90

senegalla Linn. Chettusia, 5. - - 541

senegallus Cuv. Aquila, 8. - =) 14

Page

senegaloides A. Smith, oa - 79
senegalus Linn, Psittacus, 3. - 421
Linn. Pterocles, 9. - - 519

Linn. Telophorus, 4. = - 292

var. Lath. Telophorus, 3. - 292

senex Temm. Acanthylis, 10. - aes ; App. 4
Leach, Anoiis, 3, - - 661
Garn, Gymnocorvus, 1. - - 315

Less. Polytmus, 48, - - - 108
senicula Pall, Brachyrhamphus, 5 - 644
seniculus Lath, Coceyzus, 3. - ~ 457
senilis Dubus, Certhiparus, 3. - - 194
Spix, Psittacus, 11. - 421; App. 20

Lafr. Pteroptochos, 16. - - 155
sephena A. Smith, Francolinus, 20, - 506
sephanoides Less. § Garn. Mellisuga, 93. - 113
sepiaria Horsf. Ed emtlan 2. = - 209
sepiarius Vieill. Anthus, 3. - - 206
sepium Horsf. Orthotomus, 1. - - 162
septemstriata Riipp. Vringillaria, 4, - 378
septentrionalis Pr. Max. Cathartes App. 1
Linn, Colymbus, 3. - 631

Gmel. Lanius, 5. - - 290

Harr, Parus, 38, = - 192

sepuleralis Miill. & Schi. Cuculus, 11. - 463
serena Linn. Pipra, 13. - - = 274
Linn, Vidua, 2. - - - 355
sericea Nutt. Calamodyta, 17. - = 179
Gould, Meliphaga, 21. 122; App. 6

J. Geoffr. Philepitta, 1. 214; App. 9

Gould, Pica, 2. - i = Se

Temm. Sitta - - App. 7
sericeogula Hodgs. Eurylaimus, 5. - - 65
sericeola Gould, Meliphaga, 21. = - 122
sericeus Kittl. Ierax, 6. - - 21; App. 2
Licht. Molothrus, 3, - - 346

Temm. Orthotomus, 7. - - 162

Gmel, Pastor, 5. - - - 334

Gray, Pastor, 5. - = - 334

Less. Puffinus, 3. - = - 647

serinus Pr. Bonap. Fringilla, 32. - - 371
Linn. Fringilla, 33, - - 371

Briinn,. Fringilla, 34. - - 371
seriophrys Hodgs. Parus, 46. - - 192
serioptera Swains. Tanagra, 5. = - 364
serpentarius Gmel. Serpentarius, 1. - $i
serranus T'’schudi, Larus, 31. - - 654
Tschudi, Turdus, 63. - - 219

serrata Forst. Sterna, 14. - - 659
serrator Linn. Mergus, 2. - 629; App. 28
Banks, Sula, 5. = 666; App. 30
serratus Steph. Mergus, 2. - - - 629
Sparrm. Oxylophus, 3. - - 464

Mikan, Oxyrhamphus . App. 6

Spix, Tinamus, 3. - - 524
Serriana Pucher, Coua, 4. - 454; App. 22
serripennis Audub. Cotyle - - App. 4
serrirostris D’ Orb. & Lafr. Euphonia, 16. - 367
Vieil. Polytmus, 24, - - 108

setaria Temm. Synallaxis, 17. - - 136
setarius Temm. Prioniturus, 1. - - 408
Temm. Pterocles, 1. - - 518
seticauda Forst. Synallaxis, 29. - ~ 136
setifer Cuv. Heterornis, 11. - - 335
Hodgs. Pterocyclus, 8. = - 296

setosa King, Ortygometra, 20, - - 594
Quoy § Gaim. SUL: 25% - 259
severa Linn, Ara, 8 - 412
severus Horsf. Hy fotos 3. = = 20)
Licht. Thamnophilus, 7, - - 297
sexpennis Bodd. Paradisea, 7. - - 323
sexsetacea Vieill. Nycticorax, 1l. - - 558
Lath. Paradisea, 7. - - 323
sexsetaceus Shaw, Hetzrornis, 11. - 335
Shaw, Pyrrhocorax, 2. - 320

shaheen Jerd. Falco, 5. - - - 19
shalaris Vieill. Copsychus, 1. - a Weite
shanhu Gmel. Garrulax, 2. - - 225
Shattuckii Audub. Zonotrichia, 20, - $73
sheltobriuschka Lepech. Motacilla, 11. - 203
sherie Tick. Nectarinia, 61. - - 98
shoensis Riipp. Dendrobates, 9. —- - 437
Shorei Vigors, Tiga, 4. = - - 441
sialis Linn. Sialia, 1. - - - 184
sibilans Licht. Myiobius, 24. - - 249

INDEX OF SPECIFIC NAMES.

109

sibilator Vietl/. Irrisor, 7. -

Vieill, Myiobius, 24.

sibilatrix Wagl. Irrisor, 7. -

Pr Maz. Lipangus, 4
Lemm. Nycticorax, 13.
Poep. Sarkidiornis, 3.

- - 90
- - 240
558; App. 25
605; App. 27

sipahi Hodgs. Strobilophaga, 3
siparaja Raff. Nectarinia, 69.
Sirkee Gray, Zanclostomus, 3.
sitkensis Rathke, Mellisuga, 60.
sitophagus Tschudi, Conurus, 41.
sittaceus Pr. Bonap. Diglossa, 1.
sitticolor Lafr. Conirostrum, 3.

Page
887; App. 18
- - 98

460; App. 22

- - 113

- 414
- - 137
102; App. 5

Bechst. Sylvia, 19, - - 174

sibilla Linn. Saxicola - - App. 8
sibilus Pall. Cygnus, 1. = - - 610
sibirica Gmel. Alauda, 7. - - - 380
Gmel. Euspiza, 3. - = - 376

Sparrm. Melanocorypha, 35. - 381
sibiricus Eversm. Bubo, 2. - = 37
Gmel. Charadrius, 7. - - 544

Shaw, Hypotriorchis, 10. - - 20

Gmel. Parus, 28, - - 192

Nils. Parus - Suppl. App. 30a

Bodd. Perisoreus, 1. - 306
Pall. Turdus, 17. 219 Suppl App. 30 b
Pall. Uragus, 1. = 387; App. 18

Sieberii Wagl. Cyanocorax, 18. . - 307
Sieboldii Temm. Treron, 15. - - 467
signapa D’Orb. Otus, 9. - - - 40
signata M‘Clell. Niltava = - App 12

Scop. Vidua, 5: - - - 355
signatus Shaw, Lanius, 20. - - 291

Shaw, Psittacus, 23. - - 421
siju D’ Orb. Athene, 25. - - - 36

silens Lath, Arremon, 1. = 361; App. 16

Tick. Campephaga - - App. 13
Shaw, Laniarius, 22. - - 299

Kitil. Phytotoma, 1. - - 390
Swains. Vurdus, 47. - - - 219
silphia Less. Mellisuga, 51. : - 112
simensis Riipp. Turdus, 42. - - 219
simila Bourc. Hylocharis, 39. - = 115
similis Jerd. Anthus, 24, = - - 206
Lafr. Diglossa - - App. 6

Gray, Hydrochelidon, 9, - - 660

Smith, Laniarius, 5. - - 298
Swains. Laniarius, 19. - - 299

Spizx, Myiobius, 26. - - 249

Forst. Procellaria = App. 29

D’ Orb. & Lafr. Saltator, 17. - 363
simillimus Jerd. Turdus, 26. - = 219
simplex Licht. Lipangus, 2. - - 230
Mill. Nectarinia, 59. - - 98

Gould, Pachycephala, 12. 271; App. 13

Swains. Passer, 7. - - 373

Less. Polytmus, 4. = - 107

Less. Polytmus, 34. - - 108

Gould, Porphyrio, 10. - - 598

Kuhl, Psittacula, 24. - - 423

Less. Pterocles, 9. - - 519

Less. Pyenonotus, 23. - 237

Temm. Pyrrhulauda Suppl. App. 30¢

Less. Ruticilla, 11. 180; App. 8

Gmel, Sterna, 50. = - - 659

sinense Lath. Syrnium, 7. - = - 89
sinensis Briss. Amadina, 32. - - 370
Gmel. Ardea, 45. - 556; App. 25

Steph. Centropus, 3. - - 455

Bodd. Cissa, 1. - 308 ; App. 14

Bonn. Coturnix, 14. - - 507

Gray, Cotyle - - App. 4

Gmel, Cypselus, 11. - - 54

Gmel. Eclectus, 4. - - 418

Gmel. Emberiza, 27. - - 377
Spalowsk. Francolinus, 3. - - 505

Linn, Garrulax, 3. - - 225

Shaw, Graeulus, 4. - - 667

Gmel. Haliaétus, 9. - = ils

Gmel. Hydrophasianus, 1. 589; App. 26

Gmel. Leiothrix, 1. - - 269

Waterh. Melanocorypha, 4 - 381

Gmel. Muscieapa, 55. - - 263

Gmel. Pastor, 3. = - - 334

Linn. Psilorhinus, 4. 308 ; App. 14

Lath. Rhynchea, 1. - - 585

Gray, 'Temnurus, 7. - - 310

Gmel. Timalia, 6. - - 228

sinica Linn. Fringilla, 10. - - 371
Linn. Geopelia, 2. - - 471
sinuatus Pr. Bonap. Cardinalis, 4 - 358

Licht, Corvus - App. 15

sittoides D’ Orb. § Lafr. Diglossa, 3. - 137
siunda Vieill. Athene - - App. 3
skotopterus Pr, Max. Buteo - = 12
skua Briinn. Stercorarius, 4. - - 653
smaragdinicollis D’ Orb. & Lafr. Mellisuga, 42. 112
smaragdinis Swains. Cuculus, 19. - 463
Blyth, Cuculus, 28. - - 463
Gould, Mellisuga, 52. - 113
Vieill. Nectarinia, 1. o, tle
Homb. & Jacq. Psittacula, 20. - 423
smaragdinus Gmel. Conurus, 42. 414; App. 19
Temm. Porphyrio, 2. - - 598

smaragdo-sapphirinus Shaw, Hylocharis, 35. 114
smaragnotus Temm. Porphyrio, 4. - 598
smirillus Sav. Hypotriorchis -
Smithii Kawp, Astur, 3. - - - 27

Math, Campethera - App. 21
Jard. & Selby, Geophaps, 1 - 478
Leach, Hirundo, 45. - - 58
Jard. Irrisor, 9. - - - 90
Fras. Lanius, 23. - - - 291
Jard. Paroides, 3. - - 193
Audub, Pleetrophanes - App. 18

Vig. § Horsf. Ptilonorhynchus, 2. 325;

App. 15

smyrnensis Linn. Haleyon, 11. - - 79
var. Halcyon, 12. - - 79

sociabilis Viet, Rostrhamus, 1. - = 25
socialis Gamb. Athene - - App. 3
Homb. & Jacq. Plu. anelLDS 1. - 549

Sykes, Prinia, 4. - - 162

Wils. Zonotrichia, 17. - - 374

socius Lath, Philetarus, 1. - - 353
soco Vieill. Ardea, 6. - - - 555
Vieill. Tigrisoma, 1. - - 556
sebyensis Spar. Parus, 11. - - 192
Scemmeringii Temm. Phasianus, 5. - 497
sola Jerd. Nectarinia, 47. = - - 98
Vieill. Nectarinia, 87. - - 99
Solandri Temm. Calyptorhynchus, 4. - 426
Gould, Procellaria, 17. - - 648

solaris Bodd. Eurypyga, 1. - - 554
Temm. Nectarinia, 53. - - 98

Blyth, Pericrocotus - App. 13
solitaria Temm. Alcyone, 5. - 88

M*<Call, Columba Suppl App. 30 ¢

Hodgs. Gallinago, 12. - - 583
Wils. Mniotilta, 42. - - 196
Miill. Muscicapa - App. 12
Lewin, Origma, 1. > - 185
Vieill, Tinamus, 1. - - 524
Wils. Totanus, 7. - - 573

342; App. 15
16; App. 1

solitarius Vieill. Cacicus, 10.
Tschudi, Circaétus, 6.

Lath. Coriphilus, 4. - - 417
Vieill, Cuculus, 31. - - 463
Vieill. Myiobius, 2. - - 248
Gmel. Pezophaps - - 483
Vieill. Totanus - - App. 26
Gmel. Turdus, 97. - - 219
Wils. Turdus, 46. - - 219
Wils. Vireo, 4. - - 267
Vieill. Xanthornus, 7. - - 344

soloensis Horsf. Accipiter, 18. - - 29
soloniensis Gmel. Ardea, 41. - -

Gmel, Otus, 1
solstitialis Linn. Conurus, 9. - - 413
228

Somervillei Sykes, Timalia, 12. : -
somnolentus Licht. Bucco, 13. - - 74

Sonneratii Zemm. Athene,7. 35; Sup. Ap. 30a
Less, Cracticus, 1. - - 300

Lath. Cuculus, 6. - - 463

Temm. Gallus, 5. ” - 499

Gmel. Palzornis, 1. - 409

Jurd. & Selby, Phyllornis, 8 : = 124’;

App. 6

sonninensis Lath. Elanus, 1. - =
Sonninii Shaw, Morphnus, 3. - - 15

eer Page
Sonninii Zemm. Ortyx, 8 - 514
sonora Gould, Meliphaga, 12. - - 122
sophia Bourc. & Muls, Polytmus, 76. - 109
sordida Gould, Halcyon, 29. - 79; App. 4
D’ Orb. & Lafr. Nemosia, 5. - 366

Hodgs, Niltava - - App. 12

Riipp. Saxicola, 14. - - 179

Less. Synallaxis, 21. - - 136
sordidulus Forst. Saxicola ° App. 8
sordidus fiipp. Anthus, 28. — - 206; App. 9
Lath, Artamus, 5. - - 285

Gould, Coturnix - App. 24

Swains. Cyanocorax, 14. - - 307

Eyton, Hemicireus - App. 21

Less. Lessonia, 1. - - 201

Linn. Psittacus, 14. . - 421

Less. Saltator - - App. 16

Less. 'Tephrodornis, 1, . - 290

Gould, Tropidorhynechus = App 6

sosove Bechst. Conurus, 31. - - 414
souimanga Gmel. Nectarinia, 37. - - 98
sovi Gmel. Tinamus, 11. - 524; App. 25
spadicea Reinw. Athene, 6. - - 35
Lath. Carpophaga, 9. 468; App. 23

Gmel. Dasyeephala - App. 9

Gmel. Diomedea, 2. - - 650

Gmel. Sterna, 48. - - 659
spadiceocephalus Kuhl, Psittacus, 22. - 421
spadiceus Forst. Archibuteo, 2 - SMe
Gmel. Ithaginis, 3 - - 504

Gmel. Myiobius, 48. - - 249
sparganura Shaw, Mellisuga, 46. - - 113
Sparmanni Bechst, Coriphilus, 2. - - 417
Leadb. Indicator, 5. - - 451

Shaw, Indicator, 1. - - 451

Wagl. Nycticorax, 5. = - 558

Less. Platycereus, 30. - - 408

sparsa 4. Smith, Anas,9. - 616; App. 28
sparverius Linn. Tinnunculus, 10. 1; App. 2
sparveroides Vigors, Cuculus, 4 - - 463
Vigors, Tinnuneulus, 12. 21 ; ABD: 2

speciosa Horsf. Ardea, 38. - 556
Thunb. Carpornis, 1 - - 279

Gmel. Columba, 11. . - 470

Horsf. Enicurus, 1. - 204

Bodd. Estrelda, 32. - - 369

Pr. Max. Mniotilta, 27. - - 196

Bodd. Paradisea, 4. - - 323
speciosus Shaw, Cissa, 1. - - 308
Bodd. Epimachus, 1. - - 94

Licht. Hoplopterus, $. + - 542

Tschudi, Odontophorus, 8. 513; App. 24

Lath. Pericrocotus, 3. - - 282
spectabilis Linn, Somateria, 2. 624; App. 28
specularis King, Anas, 3. - - - 615
specularoides King, Anas, 3. - - 615
speculifer Cuv. Totanus, 19. - - 573
speculifera D’ Orb. Euspiza Suppl. App. 30 ¢
Temm. Nemosia, 3. - - 366

Temm. Sterna, 44. = - 659

speculigerus Brandt, Coccothraustes App. 16
spelunce Ménétr. Pteroptochos, 7. - 155
Spencei Bouwrc. Mellisuga, 41. - - 112
sperata Linn. Nectarinia, 48. - - 98
Raffi. Nectarinia, 49. - - 98

Lath. Saxicola, 27. - - 179
spermolegus Vicill, Corvus, 17. - - 315
sphagnosa Pr. Bonap. Mniotilta, 34. - 196
sphenura Temm. Amadina, 51. - - 370
Vieill. Emberizoides, 1 - 360

Vigors, Treron, 14. 467; App. 23
sphenurus Riipp. Accipiter, 15. - - 29
Vieill. Caprimulgus - App. 3

Gray, Francolinus, 22, - - 505

Vieill. Haliastur, 3. - - 18

Swains. Orthotomus, 3. - 162

Gould, Pontoaétus, 5. - - 18

Gould, Puffinus, 8 - - 647
spiciferum Lafr. Todirostrum - App. 12
spiciferus Vieill. Pavo, 2. - - 494
spilocephala Blyth, Ephialtes - App. $
spilogaster Vigors, Callipepla, 3. - - 514
Wagl. Chloronerpes, ‘lo. - 448
spilolophus Vigors, Chrysocolaptes, 2. - 436
spilopterus Blyth, Turdus - App. 10

110

INDEX OF

-ECIFIC NAMES.

Page

spilonota Frankl Caulodromus, 1. - 144
Vigors, Hyphantornis, 7. - 351

Gould, Ortygometra, 19. - 594
spiloptera Vigors, Geopelia - App. 23
spilopterus Vigors, Saraglossa, 1. - - 328
spilurus Vigors, Troglodytes, 14. 158; App. 7
spinicauda Temm. Acanthylis, 12. 55; App. 4
Vieill. Anas, 22, - - 616

Vieill. rismatura, 7.
Temm. Orthonyx, 1.
Gmel. Synallaxis, 29.

627; App. 28
151; App. 7
186; App. 6

spinicollis James. Geronticus, 3. - - 566
spinitorques Bechst. Enneoctonus, 1. - 291
spinoides Vigors, Fringilla, 12. - - 371
spinoletia Linn. Anthus, 1, - ~ 206
spinosa Ginel. Erismatura, 6. - - 627
spinosus Linn. Hoplopterus, 1. . - 542
var. B Linn. Hoplopterus, 2. - 542

Eyton, Megalorhynehus, 1. - 431

Bonn. Plectropterus, 1. - - 604
spinturnix Less. Paradisea, 5. - - 323
spinus Zinn. Fringilla, 16. - - 37)
spipola Pall. Anthus, 5. - - - 206
spirurus Vieill. Sittasomus, 1. - - 142
spiza Linn. Dacnis, 7. - - - 102
var. B Lath. Daenis, 8. - - 102
Merr. Dacnis, 8. - - - 102

Pall, Fringilla, 1. - - 371
Spixii Wagl. Ara, 13. - 412; App 19
Wagl. Hoplopterus, 11. - 542

Less. Picolaptes, 3. - - 140
Swains. Tityra, 26. - - 254
splendens Tick. Chibia, 1. - - 287
Gould, Corvus, 5. - - $15

Vieill. Corvus, 19. - - 315

Shaw, Juida, 12. = - 327

Quoy & Gaim, Malurus, 5. - 165

Vieill. Neetarinia, 40. - - 98

Vieill. Tiaris, 5. - - 375

Pr. Max, Tityra, 26. - - 254

splendida Gould, Euphema, 4. - - 411
Shaw, Juida, 4. - - 326

Shaw, Nectarinia, 6. 97; aa 5

Licht. Stephanophorus, 1. - 365
splendidus G. R. Gray, Cuculus, 15, - 463
Licht, Cyanocorax, 5, - - 307

Steph. Epimachus - App. 5

Vieill. Hylocharis, 35. - - 114

Shaw, Platycereus, 1. - - 408

Gould, Platycereus - App. 19
spodiogenys Pr. Bonap. Fringilla, 4 - 371
spodocephala Pall. Emberiza, 15. - - 377
sponsa Linn. Aix, 1. - - - 614
Sprangeri Audub. Otocoris - - App. 18
spurius Gme/. Xanthornus, 7. - - 344
squaiotta Gmel. Ardea, 37, - - 556
squalida, Burt, Dieeum = - App. 5
Eversm. Saxicola, 2. - - 178
squalidus Natt. Phetornis, 10. - - 104
squamecrista Lafr. Todirostrum - App. 12
squamata Vigors, Callipepla, 1. - - 514
Lath. Conurus, 18, - - 413

Bodd. Eos, 3. - - - 416

Licht. Formicivora, 9. - - 212

Less. Ortalida, 12. - - 485

Pr. Wied, Ptilochloris, 1. - 272

Miill. & Schl. Rhipidura, 35. - 259

Gould, Tesia, 1. - - - 156
squamatum Eyton, Timalia, 4. - - 228
Gould, Trochalopteron, 1. - 296

squamatus Riipp. Crateropus, 3. 224 Aika: 10
Jerd. Gecinus, 10. - - 439

Vigors, Gecinus, 6. - - 438

Vieill. Meliphaga - App. 6

Licht. Picolaptes, 2. - - 140

Temm. Pyenonotus, 17. - - 237

squameus Shaw, Eos, 3. = - - 417
squamiceps Riipp. Crateropus - App. 10
Kittl. Microseelis, 4. - - 235
squamifrons A. Smith, Estrelda, 17. - 368
squamiger D’ Orb. § Lafr. Anabates, 15. 138;
App. 7

Lafr. Pteroptochos, 12. - 155
squamigera Lafr. Brachypteracias - App. 4
Fl. Prev. Gratlaria, 4. - - 213

Page

squamosa Temm. Chamepelia, 6. - - 475
squamosus Vieill. Chloronerpes, 8. - ~ 443
Kuhl, Conurus, 15, - - 413

Licht, Grypus, |. . - 105

Temm., Mellisuga, 5. - - 112
squamulata Swains. Lochmias, 1. - - 133
squamulosus ///, Ptilonorhynchus, 1. - 325
squatarola G'mel. Squatarola, 1. - - 543
Stacei Vigors, Phasianus, 4. - - 497
stagnalis Gould, Ardea - - App. 25
Bechst. 'Totanus, 1. 573; App. 26
stagnatilis Naum. Calamodyta, 1. - - 172
stagurus Licht. Thamnophilus, 10. 297; App. 14
Stangeri Fras. Drymoica, 41. - - 163
Jard. Nectarinia, 21. - 98
Stanleyanus Vig. § Horsf. Podarsis; 3. = 45;
App. 3

Vigors, Scops, 8. - = 553

Stanleyi Audub. Accipiter, 6. - = 29
Gray, Eupodotis, 7. - - 533

Audub. Fringilla, 29. - - 371

Gray, Gallus, 5. = - - 499

Vigors, Platycercus, 6, - - 408
stapazina Linn. Saxicola, 3, - - 178
Pall. Saxicola, 2. - - 178
Stavorini Less. Eclectus, 3. - - 418
steatornis Humb. Steatornis, 1. - - 44
stellaris Linn. Botaurus, 1. = - 557
Briss. Falco, 2. - - - 19

Spix, Formicarius - App. 9

Temm. Ortygometra, 9, - - 593

Licht. Troglodytes - App. 7

stellata Meyen, Ceryle, 5. ~ - - 82
Vieill. Muscicapa, 24. - - 263
stellatus Gould, Batrachostomus, 4. - 45
Wagl. Calyptorhynchus, 6. 426; App. 20

Briinn. Colymbus, 3. - - 631

Briss. Mergellus, 1. - - 629

Gould, Odontophorus, 3. - - 518

Stelleri Gmel. Cyanocorax, 2. - - 307
Pall, Eniconetta, 1. 624; App. 28
stenodactylus. Wagl. Phalaropus, 3 - 586
stenura Temm. Culicivora, 1. - - 176
Temm, Gallinago, 10. - - 583
Stephensii Leach, Laimodon, 6. = 429
stercorarius La Peyr. Neophron, 1. - 5§
Steursii Temm. Goura, 2. - - - 479
Stewartii Blyth, Prinia, 5. - - - 162
stictonotus 4. Smith, Hyphantornis, 7. - 351
stigmata Miill. & Schl. Psittacula, 25. - 423
Stokesii King, Mellisuga, 94. i - 113
stolatus Wagl. Hoplopterus, 5. - - 542
stolidus Linn. Anolis, 1]. - 1; App. 30
Gosse, Myiobius - - App. 11

Vieill. Ortygometra, 2. - - 593
straminea Zemm. Euscarthmus, 11. - 250

stramineoventris D’ Orb. & Lafr. Elania, 25, 251
strenua Gould, Athene, 32, - 35; App. 3

Wagl. Callipepla, |. - - 514

Gould, Geospiza, 2. - - 359

Gould, Sterna - - App. 29
strenuus Gould, Chrysocolaptes, 4. - - 436
strepens Merr. Strepera - ~ App. 14
strepera Vieill, Calamodyta, 22. = - 172
Linn. Chaulelasmus, 1, 6173; App. 28

Lath, Strepera, 1. - - - 302
strepitans T’emm. Bubo, 7. - - gite Si,
Spizx, Columbina, 2. - - 474

Temm. Pitta, 3. - 213; App. 9

Licht. Platysteira, 5. - - 257

Smith, Turdus, 39. - - 219
streptophora Vieill. Muscicapa, 3. - - 262
strialata Mill. Timalia - - App. 10
striata Linn. Amadina, 37. - - 370
Gould, Amytis, 2. - - 166

Bodd. Campephaga, 10. 283; App. 13
Gould, Dasycephala, 6. - - 208

Jerd. Chetornis, 1. - - - 167

Bodd. Epimachus, 1. - - 94

Linn. Geopelia, 2. - 471; App. 23

Gmel. Mniotilta, 11. - - 196

Gmel. Mniotilta, 57. - - 196

Vig. & Horsf. Bachyeephales 2 - 271

Gmel. Sterna, 20. - - 659

Gmel. Tanagra, 12. - - - 364

Page

striata Vigors, Turnagra, 2. - + 227
Gmel. Zonotrichia, 1. - - 373
striaticeps D’ Orb. §& Lafr. Annumbius, 4. - 187

D' Orb. & Lafr, Muscisaxicola, 4, 202
D’ Orb. & Lafr. Synallaxis, 8, - 135
striaticollis Lafr. Anabates, 26. 138; App. 6

D' Orb, & Lafr, Annumbius, 3. 137
D Orb. §& Lafr. Elania, 17. 250;

App. 11
Lafr, Synallaxis, 30, - - 136
striatipectus Lafr. Saltator - App. 16
striatulus Lafr. Troglodytes, $6. « - 158
striatus Vieill. Accipiter, 4. - - 29
Spixv, Anabates, 3. ~ 138; App. 6
Bodd. Centurus, 3. - - 442
Lath, Chloronerpes - App. 22
Gmel. Colius, 5. - - - 393

Gmel. Colymbus, 3. - - 631
Spix, Formicivora, 10. - - 212
Gmel, Lanius, $3. - 291; App. 14
Blyth, Macronus, 12. - - 210
Spix, Monasa, 4. ~ - 74
Less. Myiobius, 56. - - 249
Quoy & Gaim. Oriolus, 23. - 232
Lath. Pardalotus, 3. - - 270
Gmel. Perdix, 4, - - - 506
Less, Platyrhynechus, 6. - - 256
Blyth, Ploceus, 26. - - 352
Gmel. Polytmus, 13. - - 108

Blyth, Pyenonotus, 10. - - 237
Linn. Rallus, 14, - - 593
Quoy & Gaim. Thamnophilus, 6. - 297
Swains. Vimalia, 9. Ss - 248
Briss. Totanus, 4. = - 578
Stricklandii G. R. Gray, Gallinago, 21 - 583
Malh, Pieus - - App. 21
strictipennis Gould, Geronticus, 7. - 566
strictothorax Temm. Formicarius, 21. - 211;
App. 9
strictus Horsf. Chrysocolaptes, 1. - 436
stridula Linn. Syrnium, 1. - - 39
striga Horsf. Campephaga, 33. 283; App. 13
strigata Swains. Colluriocinela, 1. - - 295
Swains. ‘Tityra, 9. - - 253
Swains. Zonotrichia, 27. - - 374
strigatus Lath. Calamanthus, 5. 164; App. 8
Eyton, Lanius, 24. = - 291
strigiceps Wils. Cireus, 1. = - 32
Hodgs. Rhipidura - App. 12
Gould, Zonotrichia, 8. - - 373
strigicollis Vieill. Picus = - App. 21
strigilata Swains. Crithagra, 5. = - 385
Pr. Max. Formicivora, 8. - 212

Pr. Max. Pipra, 27. - - 27
strigilatus Licht. Bucco, 11. - - 74
Swains. Chettusia, 6. - - = 541
Swains. Criniger, 1. - - 236

Spix, Ibycter, 3. - - 9
Pr. Max. Myiobius, 69. - 249
Gmel. Trogon, 3. - - 69
strigirostris Jard. Diduneulus, 1. - - 480
strigoides Lath. Podargus, 2. - - 45
strigula Hodgs. Leiothrix, 4. 269; App. 12
strigulosus Temm. Tinamus, 10. - - 524
striolata Licht. Anabates, 11. - - 188
Spix, Anabates, 3. - - 188

Ménétr. Formicivora, 27. - - 212

Licht. Fringillaria, 9. - - 378
Licht. Halcyon, 6. - - 79

Temm. Hirundo, 14. - - 58
Riipp. Hirundo - - App. 4
Pr. Bonap. Pipra, 28. - - 274

Riipp. Syrrhula = - App. 18
striolatus Zemm. Anabates, 11. - - 138
Blyth, Anthus - - App. 4

Temm. Astur, 8. - - Q7

Less. Dendrobates, 7. - - 437

Blyth, Gecinus, 9. - - 439

Macgill. Picus - - App. 21

Spix, Troglodytes, 31. - - 158
strophiana Gould, Mellisuga, 39. = - 112
strophiata Hodgs. Niltava, 18. 264; App. 12
strophiatus Hodgs. Accentor, 5. - - 187

Hodys. Archibuteo, 4. - - 12
Hodgs. \bidorhynehus, 1

INDEX OF SPECIFIC NAMES. 111

: Page Page Page
strophium Gould, Odontophorus, 5 - 513 | sulphurea Gel, Cacatua, 7. 425; App. 20 | superciliosa Vieill. Vidua, 3. - ~ 355
strumaria Less. Mellisuga, 88. - - 113 Temm. & Schl. Emberiza - Suppl. superciliosum Hartl. Conirostrum, 4. - 102
Struthersii Vigors, Ibidorhynchus, 1. - 568 App. 30 ¢ Licht. Phaleris, 6. - - 638
struthio Wagl. Grus, 6. - - = 552 Bechst. Motacilla, 10. ~ - 203 superciliosus Gould, Acanthorhynchus, 2. - 119
stubberica Otto, Sterna, 11. - - 659 | sulphureus Begbie, Harpactes - App. 4 Lath. Accipiter, 8. - « 29
stulta Gmel. Fringilla, 49, - - 372 Spix, Myiobius, 79. - - 249 Gould, Artamus, 9. = - 285
Vieill. Sitta - - App. 7 Spiz, Trogon, 6. 69 Riipp. Centropus, 7. - - 455
Sturmii Wagl. Ardea, 52. - - 556 | sultaneus Less. Bubo, 11. 37; Suppl ae 30a Less. Cireus, 9. = = GP,
sturnina Pall. Pastor,4. - - - 334 Hodgs. Chrysocolaptes, 4 - 436 | Vigors, Colaptes, 6. 446; App. 22
stygius Wagl. Otus, 12. 40; Suppl. App. 30 a Hodgs. Parus, 41. - - 192 Cuv. Dasylophus, 1, 459; App. 22
subalaris Boiss. Quiscalus, 11. = - 341 sumatrana Raffi. Ardea, 56. - - 556 Lath. Enneoctonus, 6. - .291;
subalpina Bonn. Sylvia, 4 174; App. 8 Raffi. Bubo, 7. - - 37 App. 14
subalpinus Brehm, Gypaétus - App. | Raffl. Sterna, 38. - - 659 Cuv. Forrnicarius, 17. - 211
Nils. Lagopus, 2. - - 517 Raffi. Thinornis, 3. - = 545 Swains. Laniarius, 7. - 298
subarquata Gmel. Tringa, 16. 579; App. 26 | sumatranus Raffi. Eclectus, 5. - - 418 Swains, Lanius, 14. - - 290
subaurea A. Smith, Hyphantornis, 19. - 351 Ruff. Eurylaimus, 6. - - 65 Linn. Merops, 5. - - 86
subbuteo Linn. Hypotriorchis, 1. 20; App. 2 Less. Gracula, 1. - - 330 Swains. Momotus, 10. - 68
subczruleum Vieill. Parisoma, }. - 194 Raffi. Merops, 13. = - 86 Gmel. Myiobius, 51, - - 249
subcinnamomea Smith, Drymoica, 27. - 163 Less. Parus, 42. - - 192 Lath, Pardalotus, 8. - - 270
subcorniculatus Homb. Slag: Trepidorhyn: Cuv. Rhinortha, 1. - - 460 Linn. Phetornis, 1. - - 104
chus - - App. 6 Raffi. Zanclostomus, 5. - 460; Licht. Picolaptes, 4. 140; App. 6
subcornutus Temm. etapidedyachus, 6 - 125 App. 22 Riipp. Plocepasser, 2. - 354
subcoronata 4. Smith, Certhilauda, 3 - 383 sumatrensis Lafr. Baza - = App. 2 wes fl Horsf: Pomatorhinus,

subcoronatus A. Smith, Lanius, 21. - 291 sumptuosa Less. Lamprotes - App. 16 - 229; App. 11
subcristata Gould, Baza, 2. - - 23 | sumptuosus Less. Campephilus,9. 436; App. 21 Sean. Rallus, 9 as - 593
Sykes, Euspiza, 4. - - 376 Less. Tachyphonus - App. 17 Gray, Rollulus - App. 24
subcristatus Swains. Anabates, 29. - 138 | sundara Hodgs. Niltava, 1. 264; App. 12 Swains. Trichas, 6. - - 197
Vieill. Kuscarthmus, 11. = 25 sunia Hodgs. Ephialtes, 2 38; App. 3 suratensis Gmel. Copsychus, 3. - - 177
Jacq. Podiceps, 4. - - 633 | superba Shaw, Cotinga, 2. - - 279 __Gmel. Turtur, 9. - - 472
subelegans Pr. Bonap. Centurus, 7. 442; hay 22 Lath, Epimachus, 1. - - 94 | surda Licht. Psittacula, 7. = - 423
subflava Gmel. Drymoica, 6. - - 162 Vieill. Hylocharis, 29. - - 114 | surinama Linn. Tityra a Suppl App. 30 b
Vieill. Estrelda, 28. - - 369 Riipp. Juida, 18. - - - 327 | surinamensis Lath, Cereba, 2 - 101
Vieill. Nectarinia, 88. - = Ce Shaw, Malurus, |. - - 165 Gmel. Ceryle, 13. - - 8&2

Gmel. Sylvia, 31. - - 174 Dav. Menura, 1. - 153; App. 7 Lath. Formicarius, 12. - 211
subflavus Vieill, Pericrocotus, 8. - =- 282 Vieill. Nectarinia, 5. - =O Gmel. Heliornis, 1, - - 634
subfureatus Blyth, Cypselus Suppl. App. 30 a Scop. Paradisea, 6. - = 529 Gmel., Sterna, 49. = - 659
subhemachalus Hodgs. Strobilophaga, 4 387 ; Pail. Pipra - - App. 13 ; Steph. Topaza, 6. - - 110
App. 18 | superbus F’r. Lorius, 6. - 416; App. 20 | Ssurinamus Linn, Myiobius, 49. - - 249
subhimalayanus Hodgs. Troglodytes, 2 158; Shaw, Mellisuga, 4. - ~ 112 | surucura Vieill. Trogon — - - App. 4
App. 7 Penn. Merops, 15. - - 86 | susurrans Jard. Dendrocolaptes — - App. 6

subis Linn. Progne, 1. - - - 59 Temm. Ptilonopus, 17. 467; App. 23 sutoria Gmel. Orthotomus, 3. S - 162
subniger Vieill. Accipiter, 8. = - 29 Shaw, Spizaétus, 1. = We Swainsoni G. &.Gray, Bucco, 3. - - 74
G. R. Gray, Falco, 11. 19; App. 2 superciliaris Licht. Anabates, 10. - - 138 Pr, Bonap. Buteo, 1. - =i
subocularis Gould, Climacteris, 1. 145; App. 7 Spiz, Anabates, 10. - - 138 Gould, Campephaga, 14. - 283
Gould, Glyciphila, 5. 119; App. 6 Lafr. Arremon, 7. - - 361 Less. Campephaga, 2. - - 283
subpityopsittacus Brehm, Loxia, 1. - 388 Vieill, Athene Suppl. App. 30a Mahl. Centurus - App. 22
subroseus Shaw, Hetzrornis, 1. = - 335 Licht. Bessonornis, 2. - - 220 A. Smith, Circus, 3. - - 32
subruficapilla Smith, Drymoica, 21. - 163 Wagl. Chaleophaps, 1. - 417 Smith, Crateropus, 11. - - 224
subruficollis Blyth, Buceros, 18. — - - 399 Bonn, Charadrius, 27. - 544 A. Smith, Francolinus, 35. - 506
Vieill. Tringa, 22. 580; App. 26 Temm. Colaptes - App. 22 Vigors, Gampsonyx, 1. - - 26

subrufinus Hodgs. Charadrius, 22. - - 544 Eyton, Corethrura, 4. - - 595 A. Smith, Halcyon, 7 = =
substriata Smith, Drymoica, 15. - GS Tschudi, Flania, 13. - - 250 Less, Hylocharis, NG = 114
subsulphureus Fras. Capito, 13. = - 430 Pr. Max. Euscarthmus, 3. - 251 Audub, Mniotilta, 40, - - 196
subterranea Scop. Fuligula, 3. = - 621 Licht. Formicivora, 1. - 212 Riipp. Passer, 7. - - 373
subtorquata Swains. Zonotrichia 6. - 373 Hay, Fringilla, 50. - - 372 Gould, Ptilonopus, 6. - - 466
subtorquatus A. Smith, Francolinus, 19. - 505 Hay, Macronus - App. 9 Gould, Ramphastos, 5. - - 403
subtridactylus Hass. Pterocles,2, - - 518 Sandb, Momotus, 10. - 68 Hodgs. Regulus, 7. = - 175
subtypicus Hodgs. Accipiter, 1. — - - 29 Blyth, Muscicapa, 36. - 263 Gould, Saurophagus, 3. - 246
subulatus Spiz, Anabates, 4. = - 138 Jerd. Muscicapa, 34. 263; App. 12 G. R. Gray, Tanagra, 7. - - 364
Gould, Todus, 4 63 ; Ane. 4 Tschudi, C2dicnemus App. 25 Such, Thamnophilus, 7 = eu
subunicolor Hodgs. ‘Crochalopteron, 4. - 296 Vieill. Ortygometra, 11. - 593 Less. Thinocorus, 3. = - 521
subviridis Tick Tora, 1. - = - 199 Illig. Penelope, 8 485; App 24 Jard. § Selby, Tityra, 16. - 254
Suchii Vigors, Leistes, 1. - = - 348 Wagl. Pitta, 17. = - 213 Jard, § Selby, Trichoglossus, 3, - 411
Swains. ‘lachyphonus, 6. - - 365 Bl. Pomatorhinus, 7. - - 229 Tschudi, Turdus = App. zo
suecica Linn. Cyanecula, 1. = Sse Jerd. Ruticilla, 14. - - 180 Swindereniana Kuhl, Psittacula, 8. 423; Ape: 20
sugnimbindus Less. Nectarinia = App. 5 Pr. Max. Saltator, 4. - - 363 syama Hodgs. Baza, 1. S 23
suiriri D’ Orb. Elania, 16. - - 250 Vieill. Sterna, 45. 659; App. 29 Sykesi Less. Cireus, 13. - = - 32
Vieill. Elania, 16. - 250; App. 11 | superciliosa Gmel. Anas, 4. 615; App. 27 Strickl. Campephaga, 32. - 283

sula Linn. Sula, 7. - - - 666 Mull. & Schl. Anas, 11. - 616 A. Smith, Turnix - 2 App. 24
suleatus Temm. Buceros, 25. - - 400 Shaw, Athene, 24. - = OD sylvanus Hodgs. Cinclorhamphus, 3 - 168;
Swains. Pteroglossus, 25. - - 404 Swains. Bessonornis, 2. - 220 4 : 4 Suppl. App. 30a
sulcirostra Swains. Crotophaga, 5. - - 458 Linn. Ceryle, 11. - - 82 | sylvatica Tick. Acanthylis - = App. 4
sulcirostris Spiz. Agelaius, 6. - - 347 Temm. Corethrura, 18. - 595 Jerd. Drymoiea, 56. = = 164
Wagl. Buceros, 23. - - 400 Strickl. Cyanocorax - App. 14 Tick, Carpophaga - App. 23

Brandt, Graculus, 11. 667; App. 30 Swains. Drymoica, 5. - - 165 Vieill. Geronticus, 8. 2 - 566

Teach, Laimodon, 1. - - 428 Swains. Embernagra, 7 - 361 Vieill. Querquedula, EIN oe - 616
sulfurascens D’ Orb. Enicocichla, 2 - 188 Bodd. Mniotilta, 16. - - 196 , Gosse, Betisters - - App. 24
sulfuratus Less. Ramphastos, 13. - - 403 Swains. Myiobius, 26. - 249 sylvestris Briss. Anser, 2. - - - pe
sulfurescens Spiz, Platyrhynchus, 14. - 256 Horsf. Parra, 12. - - 589 igi ae E; - = an
sulfuropectus Less. Lanius - App. 14 Gould, Petroica - App. 8 ee uceros, 1. = = -
sulphurascens Licht, Anabates, 8. - - 138 Swains, Pipilo, 6. 360; App. 17; ae eee ee - “ yi
sulphurata Linn. Crithagra, 1. - - 385 ei Suppl. App. 30 b ps . ae ba, | a = e Bop
sulphuratus Lafr. Capito, 12. - - 430 Sparrm. Rhipidura, 21. - 259 g gs Seek 7 7 ie 236
Linn, Saurophagus, 1. - - 246 Vieill. Spermophila, 30. - 386 Cees eee : = = es

Pr. Max. Seaphorhynchus, 1. - 246 Swains. Tephrodornis, 1. - 290 ieill. Meleagris, 1. - - 5

ff

Page

sylvestris Vieill. Mniotilta, 73. - - 197
Forst. Peristera - - App. 24

Gmel. Syrnium, 1. - - 39

Gamb. Troglodytes - App. 7

sylvia Scops. Fringilla, 1. - - - 371
Linn. Sylvia, 9. - . - 174

Pall. Sylvia, 7. - - - 174
Desm. Todirostrum, 5. - = 257
sylvicola Lath. Sylvia, 19. - - - 174
Jerd. Tephrodornis, 2. 290; App. 13.

Vieill. Tinamus, 9. - - 524

Wils, Vireo, 3. - - - 267

sylviella Zemm. Nectarinia, 28. - ~ 98
Lath, Sylvia, 7. - - 174
sylviellus Temm. Sittasomus, 1. - - 142
symbonomus Miill. § Schl. Cuculus,12. — - 463
syndactyla Swains, Dasycephala, 11. - 208
syngenicos Von der Mulhe, Numenius, 2. - 569
synoicus Temm. Carpodacus, 9. - - 384
syriaca Hempr. & Ehrenb. Campethera App. 21
Ehrenb. Sitta, 2. - 147; App. 7
syrmatophorus Gould, Ardea, 16. - - 555
swarbag Briinn, Uris ., en - - 645
tabacina Lath, Nectarinia, 91. - - 99
tabuensis Gmel. Corethrura, 20. 595; App. 27
Gmel. Lanius, 82. - - 291

Steph. Meliphaga - App. 6

Gmel. Platycercus, 28. 408; App. 19

var. B Lath. Platycereus, 25. - 408

tacazze Stanl. Nectarinia, 33. - - 98
tachardus Daud. Pernis - - App. 2
tachiro, Daud. Accipiter, 2. - - 29
tachydroma Boie, Saxicola, 33. - - 179
tachydromus Temm. Turnix, 1. - - 510
tachypetes Temm. Pterocles, 3. - - 518
tadorna Linn. Tadorna, 1. - - 613
tadornoides Jard. § Selby, Casarka, 2. - 613;
App. 27

teniata Shaw, Diceum, 14. - - 100
Dubus, Mniotilta, 38. - - 196
teeniatus Boiss. Arremon - - App. 16
Boiss. Tachyphonus, 10. - - 365
tenioptera Glog. Loxia, 6. 388; App. 18
Pr. Bonap. Tzenioptera, 1. - 241

teniurus, 7'schudi, Astur, 5. - ET
taha A. Smith, Ploceus, 14. - - 352
tahapisi A. Smith, Fringillaria, 11. - - 378
tahatahi A. Smith, Hyphantornis, 19. - 351
Gmel. Hirundo, 20. - - 58
tahitiensis Gmel, Corethrura, 23. - - 595
Gmel. Numenius, 6. - - 569

taigour Sykes, Turnix, 9. - - 511
taitensis, Less. Charadrius, 3. - 544
Sparr. Eudynamys, 7. 464; App. 23

Less. Hirundo, 20. - - 58

Less. Ftilonopus, 9. - - 466
taitianus Gmel. Coriphilus, 1. - - 417
taitius Gmel. Eudynamys, 7. - - 464
taiva Cuv. Merops, 16. - - - 86
talacoma A. Smith, Prionops, 2. - 292
talpacoli, Temm. Chamepelia, 2. 475 ; App. 24
tamajae Less. Bucco - - App. 4
tamatia Gmel. Bucco, 10. - - - 174
tanagrinus Spix, Agelaius, 5. ~ - 347
tanki Bl. Turnix, 6. - - - 510
tannensis Forst. Corethrura, 25. - - 595
Lath. Treron, 7. - - - 467
tanypterus Schleg. Falco - - App. 2
tao Temm. Tinamus, 1. - oaas App. 25
taparara Bonn. Ceryle, 15. - - 82
tapera Linn. Hirundo, 35. - - 58
tarabe Gmel. Eclectus, 7. - - - 418
taranta Stanl. Psittacula, 9. 423; App. 20
tarayensis Hodgs. Athene, 2. - 34
Hodgs. Cursorius - App. 25

tarda Linn. Otis, 1. - - - 532
Tarnii King, Hylactes, 1. - - - 154
tartarica Pall. Melanocorypha, 5. - - 381
tatao Linn. Calliste, 13. —- 366 ; App. 17
Pr. Maz. Calliste - - App. 17
tatarica Vieill. Syrrhaptes, 1. - - 519
tartaricus Pal/, Charadrius, 7. - - 544

INDEX OF

SPECIFIC

Page

tartaricus Vieill. Syrrhaptes - - 519
tatuapa Temm. Tinamus, 13. act App. 25
tavona Vieill. Porphyrio, 8. ~ 598
tayazuquira Vieill. Nycticorax, 2. - - 558
tectee Gmel. Muscicapa, 37. - - 263
tectirostris Hodgs. Bhringa, 1. - - 287
tectus Bodd. Bucco, 5. - - - 74
Bodd. Holopterus, 8. . - 542

teesa Gray, Poliornis, 1. - - ms: {0)
telasco Less. Spermophila, 53. - - 386
telescopthalma Garn. & Less. Monareha, 7, 260
Telfairii Vigors, Platalea, 3. - - 559
temerarius Audub. Hypotriorchis, 12. - 20
temia Daud. Crypsirina, 1. - - 311
Horsf. Crypsirina, 1. - - S11
Temminckii Brandt, Accentor, 6. - - 187
Boie, Anser - - App. 27

Brandt, Brachyrhamphus, 6, - 644

Kuhl, Calyptorhynchus, 4. - 426;

App. 20

Miill. § Schl. Campephaga, 23. 283

Wagl. Carpophaga, 29. - 469

Gray, Ceriornis, 8. — = - 499

Vieill. Coracias, 5. - - 62

Tschudi, Crax, 5. - - 486

Swains. Cursorius, 2. - - 537

Gould, Eurostopodus, 6. - 50

Less, Eurylaimus, 6. - - 65

G. R. Gray, Gallus - Suppl

Cuv. Harpactes, 10.
Gould, Harpactes, 4. - = 72
Boiss. Mellisuga, 10. -
Less. Mellisuga, 5. - - 112
Vigors, Myiophonus, 2. 214; App. 9

98

Miill. Nectarinia, 57. - -

Vig. & Horsf. Orthonyx, 1 - 151
Steph, Ortyx, 7. - - 514
Lafr. Picumnus, 2. 432; App. 21
Wagl. Ramphastos, 10, - 403
Less. Sittasomus, 1. - - 142
Leisl. Tringa, 12. - - 579

temneh Fras. Psittacus - 21; App. 20
temnurus Temm. Priotelus, 1. - - 70
temnurus Temm. Temnurus, 2. - - 310
temporalis Lath. Amadina, 25. - - 370
Temm. Pastor, 9. 334; App. 15
Vig. & Horsf. Pomatorhinus, 9. 299 ;

App. 11
tenebricosa Gould, Strix - - App. 3
tenebrosa Pall, Chelidoptera, 1. - - 75
Gould, Gallinula - App. 27
tenebrosus Lath. Artamus, 5. - - 285
tenella Licht. Platysteira, 3. . - 256
teneriffe Less. Parus, 8. - - - 192
tenessei Vieill. Mniotilta, 45. - - 196
Tengmalmi Gmel. Nyctale, 1. . - 40
Richards. & Swains. Nyctale, 2. 40
tenuiceps Hodgs. Regulus, 4. - - 175
tenuirostre Eyton, Treron - - App. 23
tenuirostris Lafr. Acanthisitta, 2. - - 149
Lath. Acauthorhynchus, 1. - 119
Temm. Anois, 3. - - 661
Jard. & Selby, Campephaga, 15. 283
Gray, Cuculus, 10. - -= 463
Less. Cuculus, 3. - - 463
Swains. Enicocichla = - App. 8
D’ Orb. & Lafr. Geositta, 2. - 134
Hodgs. Gyps, 3- - - 4
Riipp. Juida, 28. - - 327
Temm. Larus, 26. - - 654
Swains. Leistes, 5. = - 348
Kuhl, Licmetis, 1. 425; App. 20
Blyth, Oriolus - App. 11
Viei/l, Numenius, 1]. - - 569
Licht. Picolaptes, 3 140; App. 6
Temm. Platalea, 2. - - 559
Audub. Procellaria, 3. - - 648
Temm. Puffinus, 4. - - 647
Swains. Quiscalus, 6. - - 341
Swains. Tachyphonus, 3. - 365;
App. 16
Swains. Tanagrella, 1. - - 366

Horsf. Tringa - - App. 26 |
Gould, Zosterops, 5. - - 198

NAMES.

Page

tephrocephala Vieill. Euphonia, 14, - 367
tephrocephalus Vieill, Polytmus, 47. - 108
tephrocotis Swains. Fringilla, 70. - - 372
tephrodops Wagl. Dendrobates, 7. ~ 437
tephrogenys Jard. § Selby, Criniger, 9 - 236
tephronotus Vigors, Lanius, 15. —- - 290
terat Bodd, Campephaga = - - App. 13
terek Lath. Limosa, 8. - = - &70
terekensis Steph. Limosa, 8. - - 570
tereticollis Lafr. Anoiis, 7. - 661; App. 30
ternatensis Vieill. Palwornis, 6. - - 410
terrestris Burch. Colaptes, 11. - - 446
Smith, Drymoica, 19. - - 163

Kittl, Macronus - - App. 9

Jard. Synallaxis - - App. 6

Homb. § Jacq. Trugon - App. 24

Shaw, Pezoporus, 1. - - 409

Swains. Phyllastrephus, 1 - 238
terricolor H/odgs. Muscicapa - App. 12
Hodgs. Timalia - - App. 10

tersa Linn. Tersa, 1. - - - 278
tessellata Temm. Synallaxis, 13. - - 136

D' Orb. & Lafr. TL ncglonyes 16. - 158
testacea Jacq. Fringilla, 68. - 372
tetema Vieil/. Formicarius, 1. - - 211
tetracula Pall. Phaleris, 2. - - 638
tetrastigma Riipp. SEOs Bs ~ 47
tetrax Linn. Otis, 2. - - 532
tetrix Linn. Tetrao, 8. - - 516
textilis Quoy § Gaim. Amytis, 1. = - 166
Temm. Coturnix, 3. - - 507
textor Gmel. Hyphantornis, 1, - - 351
Gmel. Ploceus, 15. - - - 352
textris Audouin, Drymoica, 67. - - 164
Vieill. Drymoica, 4. - - 163
Gmel. Ploceus, 13. - - 352
teydea Webb & Berth. Passer, 15. - = 349
thagus Mol. Pelecanus, 9. > - 668
thalassina Swains. Ardea, 51. - - 556
Strichi. Calliste, 30. ~ - 366
Temm. Cissa, 2. - - - 308
Swains. Hirundo, 27. 58; App. 4
Swains. Niltava, 14. ~ - 264
Swains. Niltava, 14. - - 264
thalassinus Swains. Polytmus, 26. - - 108
thamnophiloides Spix, Dasycephala, 2 208 ;
App. 9
Nordm. Dasycephala App. 9
Spix, Formicarius, 8. 211;
App. 9
tharus Mol. Polyborus, 1. - - =" ZO,
thaumatius inn Polytmus, 40. - - 108
Thelotii Less. Synallaxis, 20. 136; App. 6
thenka Mol. Mimus, 6. - - oe) |
thibetanum Linn. Polyplectron, 2. - 495
thibetanus Hodgs. Crossoptilon, 1 - 495
thilius Mol. Mimus, 14. - - - 22)
thomensis Gmel. Podiceps, 16. - - 633
thoracica Blyth, Calamodyta, 24. - - 172
Temm. Calliste, 4. - - 366
Shaw, Drymoica, 3. - - 163
Swains. Drymoica, 3. 163
Ill. Pipilo, 4. — - 360; Dee 16
Licht. Saxicola - ‘s App. 8
Temm. Timalia, 2. - - 228
thoracicum Temm. Diczeum, 24. - - 100
thoracicus Less. Celeus, 7. - - 440
Cuv, Circaétus, 3. - - 16
Tschudi, Cyphorhinus,1. 156; App 7
Temm. Francolinus, 5. - - 505
Temm. Hylophilus, 2. - - 200
Donov. Hypotriorchis, 5. - 20
Ill. Hypotriorchis - App. 2
Gamb. Ortyx capel: App. 30¢

Temm. Turnix, 15. - 511
Thouni Dum. Merops - - App. 5
threnathorax Miill. & Schl. Rhipidura, 28. - 259
thula Mol. Ardea, 25. - - - 555
tibialis Daud. Hypotriorchis, 7 20; App. 2
Swains. Xanthornus, 6. - - 344
tibicen Licht. Drymoica, 48 = - 164
Lath, Gymnorhina, 1. - - 302
Quoy & Less. Gymnorhina, 2. - 302
Tickellii Blyth, Diceum, 13. - - 100

Blyth, Niltava, 6

264; App. 12

INDEX

OF SPECIFIC

NAMES.

113

Page

tiga Horsf. Tiga, 1. - - - 441
tigrina Gmel. Mniotilta, 7. - - 196
Pr. Bonap. Mniotilta, 8. - - 196

Temm. Turtur, 9. - ~ - 472
tigrinum Gmel. ‘Tigrisoma, 2. - - 556
timneh Fras. Psittacus, 6. - - 421
timorensis Miill. & Schl. Campephaga, 47. - 283

Miill. & Schl. Tropidorhynchus, 9. 125

tinniens Licht. Aedon - - App. 8
Gmel. Grallaria, 6. : - 213
tinnuncularius Vieill. Tinnunculus, 7. - 21
tinnunculoides Natt. Tinnunculus, 7. = 2
tinnunculus Wagl. Celeus - App. 21
Linn. Tinnunculus, 1. = il

tintillon Webb & Berth. Fringilla, 3 - 371
tintinnabulatus Gmel. Formicivora App. 9
tinus Lath. Accipiter, 8. - - - 29
tiphia Linn. lora, 1. « = - 199
tiriacula Bodd. Conurus, 27. - - 414
tiriba Less. Conurus - - App. 19
tirica Gmel, Conurus, 27. - - - 414
tithys Scop. Ruticilla, 2. - - - 180
tityroides Less. Tityra, 38. - - 254
tixicrus Gosse, Ammodromus, 8. - - 374
tobaci Gmel. Hylocharis, 17. - = 114
tobagensis Lath. Hylocharis, 17. - 114
tocard Vieill. Ramphastos, 7. - - 403
toco Gmel. Ramphastos, 7 403; App. 19
todina Merr. Alcedo - - App. 5
togatus Linn. Bonasa, 1. - - 517
toitoi Garn. Petroica, 15. = - 183
toklao Buchan. Megalurus, 1. - - 169
tolu Gmel. Centropus, 14. - - 455
tombacea Spir, Galbula, 6. - - 83
tomentosa Spiz, Pauxi, 3. - - 487
tonganensis Less. Drepanis, 4. - - 96
Less. Phyllornis, 9. - - 124

torda Linn. Alca, 2. - - - 637
torotoro Less. Halcyon, 48. - - 79
torquata Mill. Ardea, 48. - - 556
Daud. Athene, 24. - - 35

Belon. Bernicla, 1. - - 607

Gmel. Bernicla, 8. - - 607

Linn. Ceryle, 5. - = iy

Leach, Charadrius, 14. - - 544

Briss. Clangula, 4. - ~ 622

Maud. Coturnix, 4. - - 507

Gmel. Cotyle, 5. - - 60

Brehm, Ephthianura, 1. - - 205

Forst. Eudyptes, 4. - - 641

Linn. Eulabeornis, 3. - - 595

Cuv, Eupodotis, 12. - - 533

Meyer, Glareola, 1. - - 538

Vieill. Grus, 8. - - - 552

Swains. Haleyon, 5 7195 ioe 4

Blyth, Melanocorypha~— - App. 18

Swains. Melithreptus, 1 - 128

Boiss. Mellisuga, 12. - - 112

Vieill. Mniotilta, 25. - - 196

Swains. Myiagra, 14. - - 261

Temm. Pica - - App. 15

Dubus, Pipilo - - App. 16

Gmel. Pipra, 30. - - 274

Linn, Platysteira, 8. - - 257

Mes. Querquedula, 6. = - 616

Vieill, Querquedula, 12. 616; App. 28

Less. Spermophila, 56. - - 386

D’ Orb. & Lafr. Synallaxis, 26. - 136

Pr. Max. Synallaxis, 25. - 136

Gmel. Tchitrea, 17. - - 260
torquatula Forst. Thinornis, 1. = - 545
torquatus Licht. Acanthylis - App. 4

Cuv. Accipiter, 11. - - 29

D’ Orb. & Lafr. poe 15 - 361
Vieill. Arremon, 2. - 361
Cur. Capito - - App. 21
Gmel. Caprimulgus, 40. - 48
Bodd. Celeus, 7. - - 440
Linn. Charadrius, 13. - - 544
Briinn. Colymbus,1. —- - 631
Less. Corvus - - App. 15
Lath. Cracticus, 2. 300; App. 14
Bodd. Formicarius, 3. 211; App. 9
Tschudi, Formicarius, 25. - 211

Cuv. Gampsonyx, 1. - - 26

Page

torquatus Swains. Laniarius, 8. - - 299
Wils. Melanerpes, 2. 444; App. 22

Hahn, Monasa, 4. - 74

Briss. Palzornis, 3. - - 409

Gould, Pedionomus, 1. - - 511

Less. Pernis, 4. 22) App.2

Gmel. Phasianus, 2. - - 497

Gmel. Psittacula, 23. - - 423

Gmel, Pteroglossus, 3. - 403

Pall, Rissa, 1. - - - 655

Swains. Thamnophilus, 17. - 298

Wagl. Thinocorus, 1. - = 26

Linn. Turdus, 16. - - 219

Riipp. Vidua, 9. - - 355
torqueola Valenc. Perdix, 5. - 506
torquilla Linn. Yunx, 1. - 448; App. 22

torra Buch. Ardea, 12. - - - 555
Torresii Gould, Sterna, 23. -

torridus Gme/. Pitylus, 14. - 362; App. 16

totanirostris Jard. § Selby, Oreophilus, 1. 537;
App. 25
totanus Forst. Totanus, 9 - - 573
Gmel. Totanus, 5. - = 573)
Linn. Totanus, 1. - - 573
Meyer, Totanus, 5. - - 573

Pall. Totanus, 20. - - 573

toui Shaw, Conurus, 31. - - - 414
Townsendii Audub, Aphriza,]. + - 548
Audub. Brachyrhampbus, 1. - 644

Audub. Euspiza, 7. - - 376

Audub. Graculus, 14. - - 667

Audub. Hematopus, 10. - 547

Audub. Mniotilta, 29, - - 196

Audub. Ptilogonys - App. 13

Audub, Zonotrichia, 23. - 374
trachydactylus Wagl. Gallinago, 9. - 583
trachyrhynebus Lath. Pelecanus, 4. - 668
Traillii Audub, Myiobius, 9. - - 249
Vigors, Oriolus, 16. - - 232
tranquilla Gould, Geopelia - App. 23
tranquillus Gmel.. Monasa, 1. = - 74
tremulus Lafr. Campylorhynchus - App. 7
Lafr. Formiearius, 27, - - 211
triangularis Lafr. Dendrocincla— - App. 7
tribrachys Shaw, Alcyone, 1. - - 8&2
tricaudatus D’ Orb. & Lafr. Mimus, 8. - 221
trichas Gmel. Trichas, 1. - - - 197
trichopsis Wagl. Ephialtes, 15. - - 38
trichroa Licht. Calliste, 2. - - - 366
trichura Kittl. Estrelda, 38. = - 369
tricinctus Swains. Pterocles, 5. - - 518
tricollaris Vieill, Charadrius, 24. - - 544
tricolor Vieill. Accipiter, 11. - - 29
Audub. Agelaius, 2. - - 347

Vieill. Aleedo, 19. - - - 81

Vieill. Alectrurus, 1. 243; App. 11

Bechst. Aya, 5. : 412; App. 19
D’ Orb. & Lafr. Buteo, 8. - = 129

Gmel. Calliste, 1. - 366; App. 17
var. Lath. Calliste, 2 - 366
Swains. Campephaga, 36. - - 283
Gmel. Centurus” - - App. 22
Horsf. Chettusia, 8. - - 541
Vieill. Copsychus, 2. - - 177
Mikan, Cyanocorax, 5. - - 307
Gould, Ephthianura, 3. - - 205
Vieill. Estrelda, 1. - - - 368
Less. Guiraca, 4. - - - 357
Vieill. Haleyon, 40. - = 79
Horsf. Heterornis, 8. - 335

Vicill. Hoplopterus, 9. 542; App. 25

Hodgs. Lanius, 13. - 290

Steph. Lorius, 2. - - - 416

Less. Mellisuga, 78. - - 113

Vieill. Muscicapa, 60. - - 263

Vieill, Nectarinia, 14. - - 97

Steph. Pheenicophaus, 2. - - 459

Gmel. Picus, 35. - - - 435

Hodgs. Ruticilla - - App. 8

Bodd. Sarkidiornis, 1. = - 605

Fr. Tebitrea, 13. - - - 260
tricorrhis Zemm. Macronus, |. > - 210
tridactyla Pall. Calidris, 1. - - 581
Linn. Ceyx, 1. - 80; App. 5

Jard. & Selby, Ceyx . App. 5

tridactyla Vieill. Galbula, 8
Daud, Laimodon, 4
Forst. Pelecanoides, 1.

Page

83; App. 5
- - 428
= - 646

Lath. Rissa, 1. - 655; App. 29
Swains. Tiga, 1. - 441; App. 22
tridactylus Linn. Picoides, 1 434; App. 21
Pr. Bonap. Picoides, 2. - 434
Rich. & Sw. Picoides, 3. - 434
tridens Ehrenb. Garrulus - - App. 14
trifasciata Swains, Formicivora, 17. - 212
Reichenb. Peristera - App. 24
trifasciatus Licht. Charadrius, 34, - - 544
Gould, Mimus, 9, - - 221
trifurcatus Tschudi, Caprimulgus, 20. =) 48
trigonigera Wagl. Columba, 9 - - 470
trigonostigma Scop. Diceum, 8. - - 100
trimaculata Gray, Megalaima, 12. 429; App. 21
trimaculatus Swains. Scortornis, 2. = 50
tringoides Vieill. Calidris, 1. - - 581
trinitatis Less. Rhamphocenus, 3. - - 157
triostegus Sparrm. Pitta, 14. - - 213
tripennis Schrank. Otus, 3. - -~ 40
tripolitanus Gmel. Turdus, 92. . - 219
tristigma Riipp. Caprimulgus, 4. - - 47
tristis Linn. Acridotheres, 1. - - 335
Less. Gymnocorvus, 1. - - 315
Linn. Fringilla, 17. - - 371
Less. Hylocharis, 1 - - 114
Horsf. Meiglyptes, 1 - - 447
Gosse, Myiobius— - - App. 11
Blyth, Regulus, 8. - - - 175
Swains. Turdus, 55. - - 219
Tess. Zanclostomus, 5. - - 460
Blyth, Zanclostomus - App. 22
tristoides Hodgs. Acridotheres, 1. - - 335
tristriata Riipp. Fringilla, 28. - = Biri!
Tschudi, Setophaga - App. 12
triurus Vieill, Mimus, 8. - 221; App. 10
trivirgata Temm. Monarcha, 2 260; App. 12
Pr. Max. Myiobius, 26. - 249
trivirgatus Temm. Astur, 7. - = OT,
Temm. & Schl. Parus Suppl. App.
30 b
Temm. Pomatorhinus, 10. - 229
A, Smith, Telophorus, 5. - 292
troeaz Heinek, Columba, 27. - - 470
trochilea Sparrm. Czreba, 5 - - 101
trochilirostris Licht. Xiphorhynehus, 1. - 140
Pr. Max. Xiphorhynehus App. 6
trochiloides Sundev. Regulus, 9. - STS
trochilus Cuv. Charadrius, 14. - - 544
Jerd, Regulus, 8 - - 175
Blyth, Sylvia, 24. - = 174
Linn. Sylvia, 17. - ~ 174
troglodytes G. R. Gray, Collocalia, 4. - 55
Licht. Estrelda, 20. - - 369
Forst. Ocydromus, 1. ~ 596
Linn. Troglodytes, i.- - 158
Wils. Troglodytes, 3. - - 158
troglodytoides D’ Orb. & teafes sy pales
10. - 136
troile Briinn. Unars : - - - 648
Linn. Uria, 4. - - - 645
tropica Gould, Thalassidroma, 7. - - 648
Trudeaui Audub. Sterna, 21. = 659
Audub. Zenaida - - Ape: 24
truncatus Less. Temnurus, 2. - - 310
tschegrava Gel. Sterna, 1. - - 658
tschekanschiki, Lepech. Pratincola - App. 8
Tschudii G. R. Gray, Cotinga, 11. - 279
Hartl. Be) 44. 249; App. 11
tsitzihoa Vieill. Dafila, 1]. - - 615
tuberculifer D’ Orb. & Lafr. My iobius, 5 248
tuberosa Spiz, Pauxi, 2. - - 487
tubiger Hodgs. Athene, 9. - - - 35
tucai Licht. Ramphastos, 11. - - 403
tucanus Linn, Ramphastos, 10. - - 403
Shaw, Ramphastos, 6. - - 403
tui Gmel. Conurus, 30. ~ - - 414
tuipara Linn. Conurus, 30. - - 414
tukki Less. Meiglyptes, 2. - - - 447
tumana Spizx, Celeus,6. - - - 440
tumultuosus T'schudi, Psittacus, 30. - 421
tumulus Gould, Megapodius, 5 - - 491
Tunstallii Lath. Emberiza, 3. - = Siri

114

tupinieri Less. Synallaxis, 29.
turdiformis MWagl. Pastor, 3.
turdina Merr. Alauda -
Schl. Calamodyta, 19.
Licht. Dendrocinela, 1
turdinw Scop. Anthus, 5. -
turdinus Merr. Anthus =

Pr. Max, Campylorbynchus, 1

Temm, Mimus, 19,

Pr. Max.
turdoides Meyer,
turdus Forst. Turnagra, 1, -
Turneri Boure. Polytmus, 56.
turrium Br. Corvus, 16. -
turtur Sol. Procellaria, 21.

Linn, Turtur, 1. -
tusalia Hodgs. Macropygia -
tutu Gmel. Haleyon, 45. -

tympanistria Temm. Peristera, 8.
tympanistrigus Mill. Pycnonotus, 20.

typhon Temm. Ardea, 8. -
typica Hodgs. Mirafra -
typicus Puch, Rallus, 13. -
typus Temm. Anastomus, 1.
A. Smith, Helotarsus, 1.

A. Smith, Polyboroides, 1.

tyrannides Tick. Muscicapa

tyrannulus Licht. Calyptura, 1.

tyrannus Linn. Milvulus, 1

Pr. Max. Spizaétus, 2.

Briss. Tyrannus, 1}.
Linn, Tyrannus, 2.

tyrianthinus, Bodd. Mellisuga, 36.

Tytlerii James. Niltava, 5. -

ulietanus Gmel. Platycercus, 33.

ulietensis Gmel. Turdus, 95.
uliginosus Gmel. Cireus, 1.

ulocomus Gould, Pteroglossus, 16.

ultramarina Linn. Amadina, 10.
Daud, Halcyon, 43.

ultramarinus Pr. Bonap. Cyanocorax, 14.

Audub. Cyanocorax

Barth, Parus, 9.

Audub. Psilorhinus, 2.

ulula Pall. Otus, 3. -
Linn. Surnia, 1. -
ululans Sav. Syrnium, 1. -

umbellata Steph. Cephalopterus, 1.

Wagl. Ciconia, 4.

Sundev. Rhipidura, 22.

umbelloides Dougl. Bonasa, 1.
umbellus, Linn. Bonasa, 1, -
umbilicalis Less. Euphonia
umbrata Blyth, Bubo, 9. -
umbretta Licht. Sclerurus
Gmel. Scopus, 1. -

umbrettus Licht. Formicarius, 2
Mniotilta, 20. -
umbrinovirens Rtipp. Sylvia, 37.

umbria Linn.

umbrinus Hedenb. Corvus -
umbrovirens Riipp. Sylvia -

unalaschkensis Gmel. Hirundo, 46.
Lath. Zonotrichia, 22.

unchall Wagl. Macropygia, 2.

uncinatus Zemm. Cymindis, 2.

undata Gmel Alauda, 8. -
Lath. Drymoica, 10.

undatus Linn. Celeus, 5. -
Riipp. Laimodon, 10.

Underwoodii Less. Mellisuga, 56.

undina Gould, Eudyptes, 8.
undulata Lath. Amadina, i
Spiz, Athene, 22.

Licht. Cireaétus, 3. -

Scop. Dacelo, 1. -
Pall, Estrelda, 1. -
Jacq. Eupodotis, 19.
Bodd, Gallinago, 20.
Gmel. Muscieapa; 45,
Bodd. Sylvia, 5. -

INDEX

OF

Myiobius, 63.
Calamodyta, 19.

Page

- - 186
; - $34
- App. 18
. - 172
: - 141
- - 206
- App. 9
159
221; App. 10
- - 249
172
- - 227
108
- - 315
648; App. 29
- - 472
- App. 23
- - 79
- - 476
- 237
- - 555
- App. 18
593
- - 562
- - 18
- - sl
= App. 12
- - 271
248; App. 11
14; App. 1

- - 247
- - 247
112
264

307 ;
App. 14

- App. 14
- 192; App. 8
- 308

- - 40
= - 33
- - 39
- 319

- - 561
- 259
517
- - 517
- App. 17
- = 37
- App. 9
558; App. 25
211; App. 9

undulata Pr. Bonap. Sylvia, 14.

undulatus Blyth, Athene = -
Bonn, Bernicla, 15.
Gmel, Botaurus, 6.
Shaw, Buceros, 18.
Vigors, Circaétus, 8.
Iilig, Conurus, 23.
Shaw, Melopsittacus, 1.
Vieill. Picoides, 3

SPECIFIC

NAMES.

Page

- 174
App. 3

- 608

- 557

- 399

16; App. 1
- 414

410; App. 19

Mikan, Thamnophilus, 6

Temm., Tinamus, 9.
unduliventris Riipp. Accipiter; 2,
unicinetus Zemm. Astur, 5.
uniclayatus Hodgs. Gallinago, 2
unicolor Licht. Agelaius, 6.

Swains. Agelaius, 14.
Erman. Anois, 5.

D’ Orb. & Lafr. Buteo, 9
Lafr. Campylorhynchus, 11.

Dubus, Cyanocorax

Jard. & Selby, Cypselus, 4

Bechst. Eos -

D’ Orb. & Lafr. Euspiza
Ménétr. Formicarius, 11.
Wagl. Hematopus, 7.
Gray, Valiaétus, 6.

Pr. Bonap. Hydrobata, 5.

Swains. Hypotriorchis
Licht. Irrisor, 5. -
Lafr. Limnornis -
Gould, Meliphaga, 8

O Des Murs, Mesites, 2.
Wagl. Monasa, 2.
Blyth, Niltava, 7. -
Hodgs. Paradoxornis
Vigors, Platycereus, 19.
Marm., Sturnus, 2.
Jerd. Treron, 7. -
Gould, Turdus, 113.
Tick. Turdus, 112.

unicoloroides Lafr, Campylorhynchus, 12.

unidentatus Licht. Laimodon, 9.
unirufa Lafr. Synallaxis, 31.

unirufus D’ Orb. & Lafr. Anabates, 7. -

Lafr. Limnornis, 3.
unitorques Dubus, Monasa
uralense Pall. Syrnium, 3.
uralensis Licht. Sitta, 3. -
urbica Linn. Chelidon, 1. -
urica Horsf. Merops, 11. -
urile Gmel. Graculus, 1. -
urinator Linn. Podiceps, 1
urinatrix Gmel. Pelecanoides, 1
urogalloides Nils. Tetrao, 2.
urogallus Linn. Tetrao, 1.
urophasianellus Dougl. Tetrao, 7
urophasianus Vigors, Dafila, 2.

Pr, Bonap. Tetrao, 6

uropygialis Gould, Acanthiza, 7.

G. R. Gray, Arachnothera

Lafr. Cacicus -
Cab. Dasycephala
Gould, Limosa
Fras. Drymoica, 46.
Fras. Hylocharis, 2

- 434
- 297

524; App. 25

- 29

492; App. 24
- 74

- 264
App. 18

408; App. 19

- 337

467; App. 23

- 220

220; App. 10

159

86; App. 5

667; App. 30

- 633

646; App. 29

- 516
- 516
- 516
- 615

- 516
- 189
App. 5
App. 15
App. 9
App. 25
- 163
- 114

Gould, Numenius, 12. 569; App. 26
270; App. 13

Gould, Pardalotus, 7
uropyg
urostigma Forst. Certhiparus, 1.
urovang Gmel. Turdus, 36.
urubitinga Gmel. Morphnus, 1.

Spizx, Morphnus
urubu Vieill. Cathartes, 1.
urucurea Less. Athene, 19.
urumutum Spixr, Crax, 6.
urutau Lafr. Nyctibius — -
urutaurana Dum. Spazaétus

vagabunda Sol. Procellaria, 13.

yvagabundus Lath. Temnurus, 5.

vagans Less. Halcyon, 36. -
Leach, Parus, 48. -

iatus Pr. Max, Myiobius, 33.

- 249
- 194
- 219
15; App. 1
App. 1
- 6
- 35
- 486
App. 3
App. 1

- 648
- 310

- 192

Page

Vaillantii Ranz. Capito, 12. 430; App. 21
Math. Gecinus - - App. 21
validirostris Gould, Melithreptus, 6. - 128
validus Reinw. Campephilus, 7 - - 436
Tschudi, Dendrocolaptes, 12. - 140

Cab. Pyrocephalus Pupp! App. 30 b

Vieill, Saltator, 3. - - 363

Licht. Tityra, 22, - - - 254
valisneria Wils, Nyroca, 3. 621; App. 28
vanellus Linn. Vanellus, 1. - - 541
vanikorensis Quoy & Gaim. Atticora, 4. - 58
Quoy §& Gaim. Muscicapa, 29. - 263

Quoy & Gaim. Turdus App. 10

varia Lath. Crypsirina, 1, 311; App. 14
Bodd. Grallaria, 1, - - - 213
Eyton, Haleyon, 38. - - a IG
Lath. Mniotilta, 1, - - - 196
Wils. Sitta, 5. - - - 147
Vieill. Tringa, 16. = - - 579
Bodd. Upupa, 4. - - - 90
variabilis Pall. Cireus, 1. - - - $2
Temm. Emberiza, 19. - 337;

pul App. 30¢

Linn, Parra,1. < ~ 589

Cuv. Rhynchea_ - - App. 26

Bechst. 'Tringa, 7. - - 597

Meyer, Tringa, 7. - - 579

Hodgs. Turnix, 4. - - 510

varians Steph. Rallus - - App. 26
Lafr. Ramphopis - - App. 16
variatus Cuv. Accipiter, 6. - - 29
variegata Vieill. Alcedo, 18. - - 81
Vieill. Amadina, 46. - - 370

Scop. Ardea, 3. - - - 555

Vieill. Ardea, 42. - - 556

Quoy §& Gaim, Athene, 37. - $35

Gmel. Czreba, 9. - - 101

Gmel. Casarka, 3. 613; App. 27

Gmel, Eos, 5. - - - 417

Licht. Formicivora, 5. - - 212

Such, Formicivora - App. 9

Wagl. Geococeyx, 1. - - 453

Vieill. Haleyon, 6. - - 79

Vieill, Haleyon, 42. - - 79

Deless. Leiothrix, 4. - - 269

J. Geoffr. Mesites, 1 492; App. 24

Steph. Motacilla - - App. 9

Vieill. Motacilla, 8. - - 203

Linn. Muscieapa, 43 - - 263

Briin. Philomachus, 1. - - 579

Bonn. Procellaria, 8. = - 648

Linn, Proenias, 1. = - 280

Vieill. Rhynchea, 1. - - 585

Vieill. Schizorhis, 1. - - 395

Tschudi, Sula, 10. 666; App. 30

D’ Orb. & Lafr. Txnioptera, 6. - 241

Spix, Tityra, 27. - - 254

Briinn. Totanus, 4. - - 573

Gmel, Tringa, 24, - - 580
variegatus Blyth, Accentor, 4. - - 187
Vieill Anthus, 10. : - 206

Gmel. Aramides, 9. - - 594

Gmel. Buteo, 1. oe alti!

Gmel. Campylorhynchus, 1; 159;

App. 7

Vieill. ee 27. - 48

Leach, Centropus, 12. - ae App: 22

Sykes, Cireus, 13. 32

Vieill, Cireus, 1. - = 132

Scop. Cuculus, 9. - - 463

Vieill. Cuculus, 47. - ~- 463

Less. Indicator, 6. - - 451

Gerv. & Eyd. Lessonia, 1. - 201

Vieill. Melittophagus, 2. - 86

Vieill. Morphnus, 3. - =e 5

Vieill. Oriolus, 19. - - 232

Lath. Pieus, 15.

Burch. Pterocles, 8. - - 519
Vigors, Pterocyclus, 3, - - 226
Gmel. Tinamus, 8. - - 524
Vieill, Tringoides, 4. = - 574
Spix, Trogon, 9. - - 69
Vieill. Turnix, 22. - - 511

variolosus Licht, Campethera, 2. - - 439

INDEX OF

SPECIFIC NAMES.

115

Page

variolosus Vig. § Horsf. Cuculus, 44. - 463;
App. 23

varius Gould, Buteo, 9. - - = g
Vieill. Charadrius, 25. = - 544

Schn. Chenalopex, 1 - - 605

Gmel. Cracticus, 1. - - 300

Vigors & Horsf. Cracticus, 4. - 300

Vahl. Cuculus, 3. - - - 463

Shaw, Gallus, 4 - - 499

Gmel, Graculus, 21. - - 667

Vieill, Myiobius - - Ths, 11

Temm. & Schl, Parus Suppl: App. 30 b

Linn. Picus, 34. - - 435

Briss. Squatarola, 1 - - 543
Meyer, Sturnus, 1, - - 337

Gmel. Thamnophilus, 48. —- - 298

Horsf. Turdus, 7 - - 218

Horsf. 'Yurdus, 11. - - 218

Jerd. Turdus - . ion. 10

Vig. & Horsf. Turdus, 8. - - 218

Lath. Turnix, 16. - 511; App. 24

Gmel. Xanthornus, 7. 344; App. 18
Vassorii Boiss. Calliste, 26. 366; App. 17
vaza Shaw, Coracopsis, 2. - - - 407
Velasquezi Pr. Bonap. Ieteria, 2. - - 229
velata Licht. Hyphantornis, 1. - - 351
Vieill, Hyphantornis, 4. - - 351
Temm. Monarcha, 5, - - 260
Temm. Pitta, 13. - - - 213

Licht. Tzenioptera, 8. - - 241
velatus Temm. Enicurus, 7. = - 204
Less, Macropteryx - Ap 4

Wagl. Mimus - - App. 10

Vieill, Platysteira, 4. - - 256

Vieill. Trichas, 2. - - - 197

Vieill. Trichoglossus, 8. - - 411

velia Gmel. Tanagrella, 1 366; App. 17
velox Wils. Accipiter, 4. - - - 29
Vieill. Cypselus, 9. - - - 54
Karwinskhi, Geococcyx, 3 - - 453

Sol Procellaria, 20. - - - 648
Gould. Sterna, 10. - - 659
Riipp. Sterna, 3. - 658; App. 29
Gould, Turnix, 18. - - - 511
venatoria Gray, Cissa, 1. - 308; App. 14
venerata Gmel. Halcyon, 37. - = ie)
veneratus Temm. Phasianus, 6. - - 497
ventilabrum Lath. Mellisuga, 56. - Sie
Forst. Rhipidura, 1. - - 258

ventralis Gould, Buteo, 6. - tT)
Natt. Elania, 15. - - 250

Wagl. Hoplopterus, 1. - - 542

Valenc. Ptilopachus, 1 - - 505

Shaw, Ptilostomus, 3. - - 311

Tl. Tersa, 1 - 278

Gould, Tribonyx, 2. 5995 App. 27

venusta Gould, Callipepla - - App. 25
Temm. Chamepelia, 7. - - 475

Temm. Mniotilta, 26. = - 196

Shaw, Nectarinia, 9. 97; App. 5

Miill. Pitta, 7. - 213; App. 9
yenustus Temm. Euphema, 2. - - 411
Brown, Platyeercus, 13. - - 408

Veranyi Roux, Ardea, 39. - - 556
vermiculatus Temm. Tinamus, 4. - - 524
vermivora Gmel. Elania, 18. 250; App. 11
Lath. Mniotilta, 39. - - 196

vernalis Sparr. Psittacula, 15. - - 423
vernans Linn. Treron, 7. 467; App. 23
Verrauxii Less. Aquila, 14. - - 14
Lafr. Avicida - - App. 2

A. Smith, Eupodotis, 14. - 533

Verroxii Smith, Nectarinia, 11. - - 97
versicolor Gmel. Buteo, 1. - - il
Kittl. Columba, 22. - - 470

Gmel. Conurus, 17. - - 413

Vieill. Corvus - - App. 15

Vieill. Estrelda, 29. - - 369

Lath. Cuculus, 30. 463; App. 23

Licht. Hylocharis, 45, - - 115

D Orb. & Lafr. Lanio, 3 - 364

Raffi. Megalaima, 3 - - 429

Vieill. Mellisuga, 99. - = 114

Page

versicolor Gould, Meliphaga, 17. = - 122
Lafr. Peristera - App. 24

Vieill. Phasianus, 3. - - 497

Vieill. Phonygama, 3. - - 303

Swains. Pitta, 3 - - 213

Vieill. Progne, 1 ” - 59

Vieill. Pterocyanea, 2. - - 617

Vieill. Quiscalus, 1. - - 341

Pr. Bonap. Spiza, 4. - - 375

Lath. Strepera, 3. 302; App. 14

Harti, Tityra, 40. - - 254

Vigors, Trichoglossus, 9, 411; App. 19

Hartl. Vireo - - App. 12

verticalis Lath. Nectarinia, 73. - - 98
Lafr. Nemosia, 2. - - 366

Licht. Polytmus, 86. - - 109

A. Smith, Pyrrhulauda, 2. - 381

D’ Orb. & Lafr. Setop hae 14. - 265

violaceus Shaw, Buceros, 7.
Gmel. Calornis, 3.

Quoy & Gaim. Centropus, 18.

Dubus, Cyanacorax
Vieill. Eurystomus, 2.
Gmel. Graculus, 15.
Linn, Nycticorax, 11.
Bodd, Psittacus, 12.
Vieill. Ptilonorhynchus, 1
Gmel. Trogon, 3.
violentus Vieill. Milvulus, 1
violicauda Bodd. Polytmus, 10.
violifera Gould, Mellisuga, 9
violifrons Gould, tee PA
vipio Pall. Scops, 2. -
virens Naturf. Cacicus, 2.
Gmel. Drepanis, 4. -
Bodd. Megalaima, 1
Gmel. Mniotilta, 15.
Audub, Myiobius, 9.
Linn. Myiobius, 10,

Say, Tyrannus, 4. a OE!
vespertinus Coop. Coccothraustes, 3. - 358;
App. 16

Linn. Tinnunculus, 13. 21; App. 2

vestiaria Lath. Drepanis, 2. - - 96
vestita Longuem. Hylochatis, 2. -
vestitus Cuv. Thamnophilus, 2. -
veterum Licht, Athene, 1. - - 34

Vieill. Phyllornis, 9. -
Less. Ptilonopus, 14.
Linn. Tanagra -
Bodd. Vireo, 8. -

vireoides Jerd, Diczeum -

Jerd, Pteruthius, 5.

virescens Vigors, Agelaius, 12.
Linn. Ardea, 48.
Gmel. Conurus, 28.

Gmel. Porphyrio, 1 598; App. 27

vetula Wagl. Mimus, 19. - - 221
Wagl. Ortalida, 7. - - - 485

Gmel. Saurothera, 1 452; App. 22

Vieill. Saurothera = - - App. 22
vetulus V, Offers, Milvulus, 4. - - 248
vexillarius Gould, Macrodipteryx, 2. - 52
viatiea Licht. Geococeyx, 1. - - 453
viaticus Boie, Geococcyx, 1. - - 453
vicarius Less, Tanagra, 4. - - 364
Victoria Fras. Goura, 2. - - - 479
victorinie Bourc. & Muls. Mellisuga, 54. - 113
Victorinii Lafr. Tachyphonus, 14. 365; App.16
vidua Linn. Vidua, 2. - - 355
viduata Linn. Dendrocygna, 5 - - 612
Vieilloti G. R. Gray, Gallophasis, 2. - 498
Shaw, Hylocharis, 16. - - 114
Leach, Laimodon, 5. - - 429
Less. Mellisuga, 90. = - 113
D’ Orb. Myiobius, 21. - - 249
Wagl. Picus, 18. = - 485
Steph. Polytmus, 24. = - 108

Vigors, Sphecotheres, 1. - 231
Jard. & Selby, Tityra, 15. - 254
vigil Pall. Lanius, 11. = - - 290
Vigorsii Desm. Conurus, 15. - - 413
Wagl. Dafila, 2. - - - 615

A. Smith, Eupodotis, 12. - 5333
Suppl: App. 30 e
Gray, Garrulus, 3. - 306
Audub. Mniotilta, 10. - ~ 196
Sykes, Nectarinia, 61. - - 98
Gould, Pitta, 15. = - 213
G. R. Gray, Saltator, 18. - - 363
Swains. Tachyphonus, 9. - 365
Such, Thamnophilus, 6 - - 297
vigua Vieill. Graculus, 12. - - 667
villosus Linn. Picus, 19. - = - 435
Villotzi Audouin, Vanellus, 5. - - 541
vinacea Temm. Peristera, 12. - - 476
vinaceicollis Lafr. Psittacus - App. 20
vinaceus Pr. Maz. Chrysotis, 14. 422; App. 20
Gmel, Turtur, 5. - - 472

vindhiana Frankl. Aquila, 5. - - 1g

virgatum Cass. Syrnium = -

Vieill. Coua, 1. =
Shaw, Creadion, 1
Temm. Elania, 6.
Vieill. Hirundo, 19.
Vieill. Leistes, 3. -
Wagl. Melithreptus, 6
Temm. Microscelis, 6
Lath. Mniotilta, 79.
Pr. Max. Myiobius, 64.
Vieill, Myiobius, 8
Vieill. Nectarinia, 38.
Temm. Oriolus, 22.
Dum. Polytmus, 52.
Bechst. Psittacus, 23.
Lafr. Ptilochloris, 4

Temm. Ptilonorhynchus, 2

Vieill. Saltator, 15.
Wagl. Scolecophagus, 1
Vieill. Sphecotheres, 2.

Vieill. Thamnophilus, 37.

Lath. Turdus, 77.
Vieill. Vireo, 6. -
Lath. Xanthornus, 9.

virgata Lath. Aphriza, 1. -

Gmel. Ardea, 48. -
Pr. Max. Dendrocygna, 6
Temm. Tephrodornis, 7.
H. Smith, Tityra, 1.

vini Less. Coriphilus, 1. —- - - 417
vinipectus Hodgs, Leiothrix, 6. - - 269
vintsioides Hyd. & Gerv. Alcedo, 11. 81; App. 5
violacea Linn. Euphonia, 3. - - 367
Isert, Musophaga, 1 - - 394
Linn. Nectarinia, 24. 98; App. 5
Temm. Peristera, 5. - - 476
Gmel, Progne, |. - - 59
Bodd. Saxicola, 30. - - 179
Linn. Spermophila, 49. 386; App. 18
Gmel. Topaza, 2 = SIG)
violaceofrons Vieill. Nectarinia, 16. - 98
violaceus Pr. Max, Agelaius - App. 15

Page
- - 399
- - 327
- 455
- App. 14
- - 62
= - 667
- - 558
- - 421

- 325
- - 69
- - 248
- - 107
. - 112
- - 112
- - 553
- - 342
- - 96
- - 429
- - 196
- - 249
- - 249
124; on 6
5 - 467
- App, 16
- - 268
= App. 5
270; App. 12
- - 347
- - 556

235; ae 11
- - 197
- - 249
= - 249
es - 98
x - 232
108
- - 421
- - 272
= 325
- - 363
a - 340
3 - 231
~ - 298
- - 219
= - 268
- 344

548; ie. 25
- 556

be - 612

290; App. 14
= - 253

BEppl: App. 30a

virgatus Temm. Accipiter, 10. - 29
Gmel. Myiobius, 20. - - 249
virginiana Briss. Pterocyanea, 3 = - - 617
virginianus Gmel. Bubo, 12. - - 31
Vieill. Caprimulgus, 24. - 48

Pr. Bonap. Cardinalis, 1 - 358

Briss. Chordeiles, 1 - = 49

cristatus Briss. Mergus, 3. - 629

D Orb. Ortyx, 2. - - 514

Linn. Ortyx, 1. 514; App. 24

Linn. Rallus, 2. 593 ; App. 26

virginica Gmel. Pyranga, 2. - - 364
virginicus Bechst. Charadrius, 1. - - 544
Bork, Charadrius, 2. 544: App. 25

virgo Linn. Scops, 1. - . - 553
viridanus Blyth, Regulus, 4. - - 175
viridescens Gould, Dicrurus, 14. - - 287
Bodd. Tchitrea - App. 12

viridianus Blyth, Gecinus, 10. 439; App. 21
viridicans Shaw, Mniotilta, 79. - = 197
viridicanus Meyer, Gecinus, 3. - - 438
viridicata Vieill, Elania, 20. 250; App. 11
Vieill. Mniotilta, 51. - - 196
viridicauda Swains. Galbula - App. 5

so
— i —)

INDEX OF SPECIFIC NAMES.

Page
- 108
viridicyanus D’ Orb, & Lafr. Cyanocorax, 10. 307

viridicaudus Saucerr, Polytmus, 50.

viridiflava Tschudi, Elania, 29, - - 251
viridifrons Blyth, Treron - - App. 23
viridigaster Boure. Hylocharis, 41. - - 115
viridipallens Bourc. §& Muls, Polytmus, 57. - 108
viridipectus Gould, Polytmus . App. 5
viridirostris Hyton, Rhinortha, 1. - - 460
Jerd. Zanclostomus, 4 - - 460
viridirufa Bodd. Ceryle, 6. ‘ - 82
viridis Swains. Amadina, 51. - - 370
Gmel. Artamus, 10, - - 285
Bodd, Cacicus, 2. - - - 342
Raffi. Calyptomena, 1. - - 275
Temm. Calyptomena, 1. - - 275
Vieill, Calyptorhynecus, 4. Bhigets

Scop. Centropus, 17. 455; gp, 3
Vieill. Ceryle, 8. - - 82
Gould, Charadrius - - App. 25
Hodgs. Cochoa, 1, - - - 280

Cuv, Coracias, 4. - - - 62

D' Orb. & Lafr. Cotinga, 9. - - 279
Vieill, Cyclorhis - - App. 14
Lath, Eclectus, 4. - . - 418
Lafr. Elania, 11, - - - 250
Vieill. Embernagra, 1. - - 361
Vieill, Estrelda, 24, - - - 369
Vieill. Euphonia, 10. - - 367
Wagl. Eurystomus, 5. - +- 62
Koch, Fringilla, 16. - - 371
Lath. Galbula, 1. - - 83; App. 5

var. Lath. Galbula, 3. - - 83

Linn. Gecinus, 1. - - - 438
Naum. Gecinus, 3. - - - 438
Wils. Hirundo, 26. - - - 58
Licht. Hirundo - - App. 4
Hodgs. Hypsipetes, 5. . - 238
Gmel. Ibis, 4. - - - 565
Gmel, Icteria, 1. - - - 229
Licht. Irrisor, 1. - - - 90
Briss. Juida, 1. = = - 326
Spix, Lamprotes, 3. - - - 362
Vieill, Laniarius, 8. - - 299
Gmel. Leistes, 1. - 948 ; App. 15
Vieill. Manorhina, 1. - 127
Bodd. Megalaima, 21. 429; App. 21
Linn. Merops, 10. - - 86
Gmel. Motacilla, 16. - - 203
Lath. Nectarinia, 41. - - 98
Lath, Oriolus, 19. - 232; App. 11
Gmel. Parra, 2. - - - 589
Vieill. Pheenicophaus, 2. - - 459
Linn. Phonygama, 1. 803; App. 14
Horsf. Phyllornis, 3. - - 124
Vieill. Pitylus - - App. 16
Shaw, Platycercus, 11. - - 408
Less. Polytmus, 50. - - 108
Vieill, Polytmus, 12. 52. - - 108
Gmel. Porphyrio, 16. - - 598
Spix, Psophia, 2. - - - 550
Linn. Pteroglossus, 8. - - 403

Linn. Ptilonopus, 15. 467; App. 23

Wagl. Ptilonorhynchus, 2. - - 325
Less. Ramphocenus, 4. - - 157
Gmel. Rollulus, 1. - - 507
Vieill. Saltator, 12. 363; App. 16
Vieill, Sphecotheres, 2. - 231
ig. & Horsf. Sphecotheres, 1. - 231
Less. Spermophila, 26. - - 386
Osb. Sturnus, 6. - - - 337
Vieill. Thamnophilus, 45. - - 298
Vieill. Thamnophilus, 46. - - 298
Vieill. Tityra, 14. - - - 254
Dict. Sci. Nat. Todus, 2. - - 63
Linn. Todus, 1. - - - 63
Vigors, Todus, 3. - . - 63
Scop. Treron, 7. - - - 467
Linn. Trogon, 3. - - - 69
Gmel. Turdus, 77. - . - 219
Gmel. Xanthornus, 9. - - 344
Vieill, Xanthornus, 7. - - 344
viridissima Lafr. Calliste - - App. 17
Temm. Columba, 3. - - 466

Page

| viridissimus Kuf/, Conurus, 27. - - 414
var. B Lath. Hylocharis, 40, - 115

Swains. Merops, 3. 86; Bad 5

Gmel, Polytmus, 50. - 108

Vieill. Polytmus, 51. - - 108

Swains, Psittacus, 20. - - 421

Temm. Ptilonopus, 3. - - 466

vipio Pall. Scops, 2. - - - 553
viseivorus //odgs. ‘Turdus, 12. - ~ 218
Linn. Turdus, lL. - - 218

vitellina Licht. Hyphantornis, 15. - 351
Gould, Pipra, 12. - - - 274
vitellinus Zi. Rhamphastos, 9. - - 403
vitiensis Quoy §& Gaim. Carporbegs: 26. - 469
vitiflora Pall, Saxicola, 1. - - 178
vittata Temm. Calliste, 24, 366 ; Apo: 17
Vieill. Formicivora, 27. - - 212
Swains, Fringillaria, 7. . - 378

Quoy & Gaim, Petroica . App. 8

Gmel. Prion, 1. 649; App. 29

Gmel,. Sterna, 51. - - - 659

vittatus Lath. Ai gotheles, 1. - - 46
Shaw, Conurus, 23. 414; App. 19
Jard. & Selby, Cypselus, 5 - 54

Vieill. Gecinus, 11. - - 439

Bodd, Psittacus, 24. - - 421
vitticauda Jam. Sitta, 11. - - - 148
vitticaudus Pr. Max, Cymindis, 2. - 25
vittigera Licht. ‘Tznioptera, 2. - - 241
vivida Lath. Coracias, 4. - - - 62
vocifer Lath, Elanus, 1. - - - 26
Daud. Haliaétus, 5. 17; Sup. App. 30a

L’ Herm. CEdicnemus, 4. — = - 535

Wils. Totanus, 9. - - - 573
vociferans Swains. Bessonornis, 1. - - 220
Swains, Donacobius, 1. - - 223

Swains. Tyrannus, 4. - - 247
vociferoides O Des Murs, Haliaétus App. 2
vociferus Swains. Andropadus, 1. - - 236
Wils. Caprimulgus, 24. 48 ; App. 3

Linn. Charadrius, 13. - - 544

Cabot, Corvus, 5. - - 315

volitans Lath. Seisura, 2. - - - 261
Vig. & Horsf. Seisura, 1. - - 261

vorax Vieill. Tyrannus, 13. - - 247
vulgaris Pall, Anser, 1. - - - 607
Bechst. Buteo, 1, - - =

Rich. & Sw. Buteo, 6. - = i)

Leisl. Calidris, 1. - - - 581

Vieill. Caprimulgus, 1. = - 46

D’ Orb. & Lafr. Cinclodes, 2. - 132

Flem. Clangula, 1. - 622

Briss. Coccothraustes, 1. 358; App. 16;

oeEE ‘App. 30 b
Ménétr. Conopophaga, 2. - - 255

Jard. Coturnix, 1. - - 507
Steph. Francolinus, 1. anne App. 24
Pall. Grus, 1. - - 552
Savig. Gyps,1. - - 3
Bechst. Himantopus, 1. - - 577
Daud. Icterus, 1. - - - 343
Vieill. Lagopus, 3. - - 517
Flem. Menura, 1. - - - 153
Flem. Numenius, 10. - - 569
Flem, Otus, 1. = 40; App. 3;

Spek App. 30a
Scop. Podiceps, 4. - - 633
Vieill. Polyborus, 1. - - 10
Temm. Pyrrhula, 1. - - 387
Steph, Regulus, 1. - - 175
Linn. Sturnus, 1. - - 337
Ray, Turdus, 15. - . - 218
Pall. Upupa, 1. - - - 90

japonicus Temm. §& Schl. Buteo, 1.- 11

vulnerata Temm. & Miill. ne App. 5
Wagl. Setophaga, 4. - - 265
vulneratus Wagl. Platycercus, 24. - - 408
vulpanser Flem. Tadorna, 1. - - 613
vulturina Daud. Aquila, 14. - - 14
Hardw. Numida, 4. - - 501
vulturinus Zemm. Cathartes, 3. - = 1G
Shaw, Corvus, 25. - - 315

Iilig. Psittacus, 19. 421; App. 20

Page

Wagleri G. R. Gray, Cacicus, 8. - - 342
Gray, Chettusia, 1. - - 541

G. R. Gray, Conurus, 4, - 413

Less. Hylocharis, 14, - - 114

Spix, Picolaptes, 7. - - 140

Hartl. Piecus, 10. 435; App. 21
Wallichii Hardw. Phasianus, 4, - - 497

Wardii Jerd. Turdus, 27.

219; App. 10
Washingtoni Aud. Haliaétus, 4.

17; App. 2

Watertoni Bourc. Polytmus, 65. = - 108
Watsonii Cass, Ephialtes Suppl. nee 30a
Werneri Gene, Turdus - - App. 10

westernensis Quoy & Gaim, Zosterops, 20. 198
Whitei Hyton, Turdus, 10. 218; App. 10
Eyton, Turdus, 11. é - 218
Wiederspergii Reichenb. Eurostopodus, 4. 50
Wiedii Less. Hylocharis 40, - - 115
Less. Pipra, 29. - - - 274
brasiliensis Griff. Geranospiza, 1. ~- 28
Behn, Xiphorhynehus - App. 6
wigeon Bonk Mareca, 2. - - 614
Williami De Latr. & Boure. Mellisigs, 38, 12

Wilsoni Pr. Bonap. Buteo, 8. - - 12
Lafr, Calliste . - App. 17

Cass, Cymindis - - App. 2

Steph. Fulica, 7. - - - 600

Temm. Gallinago, 5. - - 583

De Latr. & Boure. MellisEs, HEF ea aN)

Swains, Sialia, 1, - - 184

Pr. Bonap. Sterna, 29. - - 659

Natt. Tringa, 14. - - - 579
Swains. Turdus~ - - App. 10
Wilsonianus Less. Otus - - App. 3
Wilsonii Cass, Cymindis - - App. 2
Sab. Phalaropus, 3. - - 586

Pr. Bonap. Thalassidroma, 3 - 648

Pr. Bonap. Turdus, 45. - - 219
Wilsonius Ord. Charadrius, 36. - - 544
Less. Otus, 2. - - 40; App.3
Winterfieldii Tschudi, Aphriza - App. 25

Woodfordii A. Smith, Athene, 18. 35; App.3
Wrangelii Brandt, Brachyrhamphus, 2
wurmizusume Temm. Brachyrhamphus, 6. 644

xalapensis Dubus, Trogon - App. 4
xanthocephala Tschudi, Calliste - App. 17
xanthocephalus Pr. Bonap. Agelaius, 16. 347;
App. 15

Swains. Chrysotis - App. 20

xanthocheilus Jard. § Selby, Charadrius, 1. 544

Wagl. Charadrius, 4. - - 544
xanthochloras Hodgs. Timalia - App. 10
xanthochloris Hodgs. Pteruthius, - App. 13
xanthodactylos Gmel. Ardea, 22, - - 555
xanthoderus Malh. Gecinus - App. 21
xanthogaster Hodgs. Criniger, 4. - - 236

Steph. Fringillaria—- App. 17

Sundev. Euphonia, 22. - 367

Raffi. Pericrocotus - App. 13

Wagl. Ptilonopus, 4 - - 466

Flodgs. Regulus, 10. - - 175
xanthogenys Vigors, Parus, 3. - ~ 192
Blyth, Parus - - App. 9

xanthogramma G. R. Gray. Emberiza, 26. 377
xantholamus Jerd. Pyenonotus, 5. 237; App. 11

xanthomaschalis Wagl. Pitylus, 7. - - 362
xanthomelana Lhrenb. Saxicola, 3 - 178
xanthomelas Riipp. Ploceus, 11. - - 352

xanthonotus Gould, Calyptorhynchus, 8. 426;

App. 20

Blyth, Indicator, 9. - - 451

Horsf. Oriolus, 14. 232; App. 11

xanthonura Cuyv. Columba, 30. - - 470

xanthonyx Nadt. Tinnunculus, 7. - = 2h

xanthoprocta Gould, Pachycephala, 5 - 273
xanthops Gmel. Chrysotis, 4. - - 422

Spix, Chrysotis, 6. - - 422
xanthopterus Spiz, Conurus, 29. 414; App. 19
xanthopterygius Spiz, Conurus, 29. - 414
xanthopus Forst. Turdus - - App. 10
xanthopygia Ripp. Fringilla, 37. - 371

INDEX OF

SPECIFIC NAMES.

rly.

Page

xanthopygia Hay, Muscicapa - App. 12
xanthopygius Swains. Chrysomus, 3. - 348
Spix, Myiobius, 18. - 249

Ehrenb. Pycnonotus, 26. - 237

xanthorhinus Naum. Cygnus, 4. - - 610
xanthorhyncha Forst. Anas, 8. - - 616
Forst. Anas, 12. - - 616
xanthorhynchus Horsf. Cuculus, 26. - 463
xanthornoides Less. Campephaga, 3. - 283
Xanthornus Linn. Icterus, 15. - - 343
Scop. Teterus. 1. - - 343
xanthoscelus Jard. Turdus - App. 10
xanthoschistos Hodgs. Regulus, 14. - 175
xanthosomus Bechst. Palzornis, 6. - 410
Jard. & Selby, Syeobius, 7. - 352

xanthotenia Wagl. Chloronerpes, 2. 443 ;
App. 22

xanthothorax Temm. Micrastur, 2. - 28
xanthotis Shaw, Meliphaga, 3. - - 121
xanthura Forst. Ptilonopus - App. 23
Forst. Treron, 1. - - 467

xemes Less. Mellisuga, 71. - - 113
xenops Temm. Sittasomus, 1. - - 142
xenorhynchos Wagl. Ciconia, 8. - - 561

yapura Spiz, Tinamus, 4. -
Yarrellii Benn. Crax, 4. = -
Leadb. Formicivora, 7. -
Audub, Fringilla, 28. -
Gould, Motacilla, 2.
yeleouan Acerbi, Puffinus, 11. -
yeltoniensis Forst. Melanocorypha, 5.
yetapa Vieill. Gubernetes, 1. =
Vieill, Nauclerus, 1. -
yiperu Licht. Gubernetes, 1. -
Yourdini Homb. & Jacq. Pycnonotus, 22.
ypecaha Vieill. Aramides, 2. -
yucas Bodd. Cyanocorax, 9. =
yucatacensis Cabot, Momotus, 13. -
Cabot, Picus - -
yuracares D’ Orb. & Lafr. Cacicus, 4.

203

zabele Spiz, Tinamus, 7. - -
zealandica Quoy § Gaim. Athene, 28.
Lath, Carpophaga, 8. -
zealandicus Lath. Platycercus, 29.
zebra Bodd. Centurus,1. = -

THE END.

; App. 9

Page
- 524
- 486
- 212
- 371

647
- 381

‘
to
»
cs

Page
zealandicus Quoy & Gaim. Aplonis, 4. = 328
Quoy & Gaim. Certhiparus, 2. - 194

zena Linn. Tanagra, 13. - 364; App. 16
zenaida Pr. Bonap. Zenaida, 1. - - 475
zeni D’ Orb. § Lafr. Calliste, 14. - - 366
zenobia Less. Nectarinia, 45. - - 98
zenoides Lafr, Tanagra = - - App. 16
zeylanica Gmel. Corethura, 1. - - 595

Linn. Nectarinia, 47. 98; App. 5

Gmel. Microscelis, 5. - - 235
zeylonicus Gmel. Megalaima, 21. - - 429
zeylonus Linn. Telophorus, 6. - - 292
zizuki Temm. Picus. 8. - - - 435
Zoex Less. Carpophaga, 22. - = 469
zonaris Shaw, Acanthylis, 6. - - 55

408; App. 19
395; App. 18

zonarius Shaw, Platycercus, 11.
Riipp. Schizorhis, 2.

zonatoides Lafr. Campylorhynchus, 3, - 159
zonatus Less. Campylorhynchus, 2. - 159

Swains. Charadrius, 15. - - 544
zonorhynchus Rich. §& Sw. Larus, 15. - 654
zonurus Riipp. Schizorhis - - App. 18
zorea Cetti, Ephialtes, 1. - - - 38
zosterops Vig, & Horsf. Phyllornis, 3. ~ 124

oh
aS
Za
Za
I )

3
=
:
B

a

New-street-Square,

]

fr ay, pe : ‘
ou ae iY) 7

; nh i ¥ ine

v VAM ! '

= ‘ >
i
7 i
Me = # 6
a e *
i) "
: Si) BR ary?
<* 2
t ; ' } ; i
. J ae
i rh! j % ; ;
‘ ' o is > ox

Lu) hie i ; Lett

Rt id) a yeahh, * ee 7 ante

it a) A : i Uy ie = a - a A Vs in’ ;
? s a : ve)

te ae
fis 4 a i ay
ic tie
VSN ee ,
p We 7 ae Af 1

APT 1 BOTY dew rT : +o 1 P Ea ri,

(a LA ae
arial
hae

Le ee)

i wt i
her eh)
ane

{ iy ' wet,

ad ee
a ce
Ae Ti 1 ye iT,

a ‘ v uh ) a roel. - y
i a 1 ri i ne i Tht a i
4 te i ie a us es
o oe W oy ty
i

Die vi ya os ie il :

aera i

. Oe ‘e rl Weipa f. 7 \ j ; Py) e : val | 7 - | : = 3
=! : : The) “IAS yt ” Th Ui mie A ) ey : ' : : is _—
| a it a ie tO 7 |
: : 7 Pi, Pt : laael iN j Bas i " at hi : a J Pt £ 7 na : | a 7 : ‘a : ;
7 : } ui x VHe - e : Ft i :

‘ a 7 on : j . ae ] os ' 198 ¥ ; ; oY ; ahi t ;
ae eth hp: Mie i,” bo Re :

“ , iN
& ia!
i
. |
y R
‘ !

- |
' 7 4
ee
1
4
4
‘
bs
AAR hs
pSpahed
Vii
Thy Witeeu tei, \
AM
:
“”
le * 5
aay Si si
DF
ip v4
ae

ae

aes a ee

an i
at i

oS Pury atin la 4 r ; i
ety yes Wy, Fs Cm) Sigs (m) 7 mareaeT (iG bbe whe : ‘ “é
Nae ahees ea PAPI RRR At RUB RE Si RANMA Ntsc cy

ee hs : : ? 5 | Hoattekyn feeds v4 ~ ‘
hs i . ive bie . F 9

i
ules

re

> 7s
F337
et. ite
<5 O56 ae
Trott -;4 =
pe ycreses 23
as ae
.

ze

5

anna , CDESC SOS a
ett hihs : y “4 i a aaiees a a

y,
he ty wy eee xf » d } My ] oe Petey eis 7 2 ‘ 4
aR ha, oe : , MONK A ROH mS) a WMC .
; ‘ *) iP ~ 1 Silane ‘eta E eee te ! kK he Be ‘ 4