FOR THE PEOPLE FOR EDVCATION FOR SCIENCE LIBRARY OF THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY LIBRARY OF THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY OSBORN LIBRARY OF VERTEBRATE PALA.ONTOLOGY /Sound it) I A M N M LELAND STANFORD. JUNIOR UNIVERSITY PUBLICATIONS UNIVERSITY SERIES The Genera of Fishes From Linn^us to Cuvier, 1758-183^, Seventy-Five Years, WITH THE Accepted Type of each. A Contribution to the Stability of Scientific Nomenclature. BY David Starr Jordan ASSISTED BY Barton Warren Evermann STANFORD UNIVERSITY, CALIFORNIA PUBLISHED BY THE UNIVERSITY 1917 UNIVERSITY SERIES Inheritance in Silkworms, I. Vernon Lyman Kellogg, Professor of Entomology. 89 pp., 4 plates. 1908. Price $1.00. The Opisthobranchiate Mollusca of the Branner-Agassiz Expe- dition TO Brazil. Frank Mace McFarland, Professor of His- tology. 105 pp., 19 plates. 1909. Price, $1.00. A Study of the Normal Constituents of the Potable Water of the San Francisco Peninsula. 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Price, 50c. {Continued on third page of cover.) LELAND STANFORD JUNIOR UNIVERSITY PUBLICATIONS UNIVERSITY SERIES The Genera of Fishes From Linnaeus to Cuvier, 1758- 1833, Seventy-Five Years, WITH THE Accepted Type of each. A Contribution to the Stability of Scientific Nomenclature. BY David Starr Jordan ASSISTED BY Barton Warren Evermann STANFORD UNIVERSITY, CALIFORNIA PUBLISHED BY THE UNIVERSITY 1917 Stanford University Press C-^i a«7 CONTENTS PACE Introduction 7 I. Linnaeus, Systema, Ed. X, 1758 11 II. Gunner, Berglachs, 1761 16 III. Schaefer, Ratisbon, 1761 16 I\'. Osbeck, Reise, China, 1762 17 \'. Gronow, Zoophylaccutn, 1763 17 VI. Linnaeus, Museum, 1764 22 VII. Houttuyn, Natural History, 1764 22 VIII. Linnaeus, Systema, Ed. XII, 1766 23 IX. Miiller, Delincatioues, 1767 24 X. Geoff ro_v, 7/9 Flantes, 1767 24 XI, XII. N'almont, Dictionnaire, II, 1768 24 XIII. Gouan, Historia, 1770 28 XIV. Kf£lreuter, Rarorum, 1770 28 XV. Forster, Remora, 1771 28 X\'I. Brunnich, Rei^alectts, 177 1 28 XVII. Catesby & Edwards, Caroliua, 1771 28 XVIII. Giildenstadt, Acerina, 1774 32 XIX. Forskal, Descriptiones, 1775 32 XX. (Klein), Sf/ioKp/a/-, I-III, 1775-1776 34 XXI. Scopoli, Introduclio, 1777 ^i XXII. Forster, Icones, 1777 42 XX III. ( Klein ), Schauplatz, IV, V, 1777 4_> XXIV. P'orster, Enchiridion, 177S 43 XXV. ( Klein ) , Schauplatz. VI-X, 1778-1781 43 XXVI. Herrmann, Sternoptix, 1781 44 XXVII. Houttuyn, Japan, 1782 44 XXVIII. Bloch, Ichthyologia, 1786 44 XXIX. Bloch, /^Wf/i . J r/i-»t, 1787 44 XXX. Ahl, MuroN ATtNCA L. 16 THE GENERA OF FISHES Centriscus Linnseus, 336, after Gronow ; type Centriscus scutatus L. Monotypic, a fact overlooked by various authors who choose Centriscus SCOLOPAX L., 1766. Syngnathus Linnaeus, 336, after Artedi ; type Syngnathus acus L. By common usage. The earliest restriction as approved by the International Commission is that of Jordan, Opinion, 45, 103, 1912. Pegasus Linnaeus, 358, after Gronow; type Pegasus volitans L. Monotypic. n. GUNNER, Nachricht von Berglachs, ivelche Coryph.enoides rupes- TRis genannt werden kann: Throndhjemske Selskab, Schriften III, 1761. JoHAN Ernst Gunner. Cor5T)haenoides Gunner, 43, 50; type Coryph^noides rupestris Gun- ner. in. SCHtEFER, Piscium Bavarico Ratisbonensium, 1761. Jacob Christian Sch^fer. The descriptions in this paper are exact and very elaborate ("in universum describiendibus" ). The nomenclature is eccentric — in part mononomial, and the names are perhaps not exactly used in the sense of genera. The perch is called Perca vulgaris and again Perca fltjvia- TILIS. Names perhaps not eligible as mononomial: Cernua Schasfer, 37; type Cernua seu perca fluviatilis minor Schae- f er = Perca cernua L. Equivalent, if accepted, to Gymnocephalus Bloch, Acerina Giildenstadt, Cf.rnua Fleming. Schraitzer Schsefer, 38; type Sciiraitzer Ratisbonensium = Perca schr^:tzer L. Equivalent to Leptoperca Gill. Asperulus Schrefer 59; type Zindel ratisbonensis Scha^fer = Perca ZINGEL L. Equivalent to Zingei- Oken. Asper Schaefer 59; type Asper verus Schaefer, "Streber ratisbonensis" =: Perca asper L. Equivalent to Aspro Cuvier, not of Commcrson. OSBECK, 1762 17 IV. OSBECK, Rcise durch China, 1762. Per Osbeck. Osbeck, a pupil of Linnseus, publislied in 1757 the record of his travels in China. This work is wliolly binomial, but being earlier than 1758, the Latin edition, "Iter Chinensis," 1757, cannot be used in nomen- clature. The German edition, Rcise durch China, bears the date of 1762, and is here considered. A Swedish version dates from 1765, an English edition from 1771. The case is exactly parallel with that of Hassel- quist's "Iter Palcstinum," published in 1757. and reprinted in German in 1762. Masselquist, like Osbeck, was a pupil of Linnxus, and adopted the Linnaean Code. In Opinion 57, the Commission of Nomenclature re- jected Hasselquist's work and its translation. "The German translation by Gadebusch, published in 1762, does not give validity to the names published in the original edition in 1757." The present writers question the wisdom of this decision. The names of Osbeck are questioned as translations of zvork prior to '758. Apocryptes Osbeck, 130, 1762; type Apocryptes chinensis Osbeck, liiiiiius PECTIN I ROSTRi.s Gmclin. Apocrvpvtes is close to Boleophthalmus but distinct. .Xpocryptes Ciivier is a different genus. Albula Osbeck, 309, 1762; type .\lbula chinensis Osbeck. Same as Sai-an.x Cuvier, not Albula Gronow 176.V If accepted, the genus commonly called Albula must receive a new name, Butvrinus Laccpede. V. GRONOW, Zoophylaceum; Zoopiivlacii Gronoviana . . . Animalia qu(C in museo sua adsenvt, etc., 1763. LoRENZ Theodor Gronow (Laurentius Theodorus Gronovius). In this work of Gronow, printed in 1763, before its author had be- come acquainted with the Systctna Natunr, the genera of fishes arc well defined, in a system which runs closely parallel with the system of Ar- tedi (1738), but the species, as with Artedi, have polynomial designa- tions only. In addition to the genera earlier named by Artedi and Lin- nxus, Gronow has a number of new names. Two of these, Amia and Hepati;s, conflict with Linnsean genera of 1766. The completed manu- 18 THE GENERA OF FISHES script work of Gronow, written in 1780, called Systema Ichthyologicum, in which binomial names were attached to species, after the Linnsean fashion, became the property of the British Museum, by which institu- tion it was published in 1854. This work, as edited by John Edward Gray, does great credit to the scientific discrimination of Gronow ; but at that late date, exactly a hundred years after Gronow's first paper, "Museum Ichthyologicum," nearly all of his new names became syno- nyms. Fortunately for the interests of nomenclature, most of Gronow's names were adopted in 1777 by Scopoli, Introd. Hist. Nat. Several other names have been used by subsequent authors, as Gmelin, Bloch and Cuvier; so that the adoption of the names of Gronow works less confusion in the system than might be expected. The suppression of Amia, Liparis, Zoarces, Conger, and Scarus, with the transposition of Amia, are the results most to be regretted. As the few new names of Gronow have lain unnoticed for a century and a half, it seems a pity to revive them. The present writer believes, as already stated, that it would be a wise rule to exclude from the system all post-Linnjean writers who failed to adopt the binary designation of species. As how- ever Brisson, 1760, "the Father of Ornithology," was a writer of this type, it may be possible to make an exception in his case, preserving his genera of Birds. But Ichthyology gains little to atone for the confusion resulting from the introduction at this late day of the names of Gronow, Klein and other polynomial writers not hitherto absorbed into the sys- tem. The generic names of Gronow have been, however, formally ac- cepted by the International Commission of Zoological Nomenclature (Opinion 20, Smithsonian Miscellaneous Contributions, No. 1938) : "Gronow, 1763, is binary, though not consistently binomial. Article 25 de- mands that an author be binary and .Vrticle 2 demands that generic names shall be uninomial. Under these articles, Gronow's names are to be accepted as complying with the conditions prescribed by the Code to render a name available under the Code." The cHyihiUfy of the generic names of Gronow is questioned as not conforming to the Linnccan code in the terminology of species. Callorhynchus Gronow, 31 ; type Chim/ERa cai.i.oriiynciius L. (Cal- LORUYNCHUS PINNA DORSI CtC. GronOw). Unquestioned : accepted by later writers. Cyclogaster Gronow, 55: type Cyclopterus liparts L. (Cyclogaster belgis kringburgk (Gronow). The name Liparis used for this genus by Artcdi in 1738 was changed to Cy- GRONOW, 1763 19 CLOGASTER by Gfonow. LiPARis was restored by Scopoli in 1777, and has been used by nearly all subsequent authors. Gonorhynchus Gronow, 56; type Cyprinus gonorhynchus Gmelin. Monotypic. The name was adopted by Schlegel, 1846, replacing Rhynch^us Richardson. Also by Scopoli, 1777. Uranoscopus Gronow, 57 ; type Cottus gobio L. Synonym of Cottus L. Cynaedus Gronow, 60: type Sparus aur.\ta L. (Cyn/EDUS cauda lu- NULATA etc. Gronow). This genus is an assemblage of Sparoid fishes, essentially equivalent to Sparus of Linnxus, and includes species of several modern genera. Jordan (Smithson. Publ. No. 1938: Opinions on zoological nomenclature) has proposed to treat CvN.EDUs as a synonym of Sparus, having Sparus aurata as type. Holocentrus Gronow, 65; type Holocentrus sogo Bloch (Holocen- TRUS MAXILLA SUPERIORE LONGIORE GfOnOw). This name, taken from Artedi, was revived by Scopoli, 1777, and by Bloch, 1790, who changed the spelling to Holockntrum. the form used by Artedi. This neuter form has been used by most authors from Cuvier to Gunther. Coracinus Gronow, 66; type Diptkrodon capensis Cuv. & Val. (Cora- ciNUS CAruA-LUNATA Gfonow ) . Not DiPTERODON Lacepede. If accepted, replaces Dichistius Gill. Scarus Gronow, 67; type Labrus viridis L. (Scarus viridis Gronow). This genus of Gronow unfortunately contains no species of the group later called Scarus, the two other species enumerated being Cichlids from Surinam. Callyodon Gronow, 72; type Scarus croicensis Bloch (Calliodon cap- ITE subacuto Gronow). Callyodon, if eligible, must replace Scarus Forskil, 1775, as the name of this large and wide-spread genus. The name Scarus of Gronow, applied to a species of Labrus, antedates its use for a parrot-fish. The genus called Cau-ioiwn by Cuvier (C. sPiNiDENs), is distinct from Callyodon of Gronow (Calliodon of Bloch & Schneider), and must stand as Cryptotomus Cope. Revived by Scopoli, 1777. Enchelyopus Gronow, yy, after Klein; type Blennius viviparus L. ( Enchelyopus corpore lituris etc. Gronow). This genus as proposed by Klein in 1744 contained a variety of fishes, eel- shaped but with ventral fins. As used by Gronow it is practically equivalent to ZoARCF.s Cuvier, and to this type it was restricted by Gill, 1863. Enchelyopus Bloch & Schneider (type Gadus cimbrius L., a species unknown to Gronow), should stand as Rhinonemus Gill. Enchelyopus Gronow must unfortunately supersede Zoarces Cuvier. Pholis Gronow, 78; type Blennius gunnellus L. (Pholis maculis ANNUi^Tus etc. Gronow). Revived by Scopoli, 1777. Replaces Mur-hnoides Lacepide and Gunnellus Cuvier, (not Phous Cut. & Val). Monotypic. 20 THE GENERA OF FISHES Amia Gronow, 80; type Apogon moluccensis Cuv. & Val. (Amia caput CATHEOPLATEUM Gfonow). Equivalent to Apogon Lacepede, 1802. Eleotris Gronow, 83; type Gobius pisonis Gmelin = Eleotris gyrinus Cuvier & Valenciennes (Eleotris capite plageoplateo etc. Gronow). The name Eleotris was used for the same group by Bloch & Schneider in 1801, and by all later authors. Clarias Gronow, 100; type Clarias orontis Giinther (Clarias Gronow). Accepted by Scopoli, 1777, and by other writers. Monotypic. Albula Gronow, 102; type Esox vulpes L. :=Albula conorhynchus Bloch & Schneider. Revived by Bloch & Schneider, 1801. Antedated by Albula Osbeck. Equiva- lent to BuTYRiNus Lacepede. Also used by Scopoli, 1777. Aspredo Gronow, 102, after Linnaeus, 1754; type Silurus aspredo L. (Aspredo cirris octo Gronow). Anableps Gronow ; type Cobitis anableps L. Anostomus Gronow, 112; type Salmo anostomus L. (Anostomus Gronow). Adopted by Miiller & Troschel, 1845. Equivalent to Schizodon Agassiz, 1829. Monotypic. Revived by Scopoli, i777- Synodus Gronow, 112; type Salmo synodus L. This genus, equivalent to Saurus Cuvier, was revived by Scopoli, 1777. Monotypic. Hepatus Gronow, 113; type Teuthis hepatus L. ^Ch.etodon chir- urgus Bloch, not Acanthurus hepatus Cuv. & Val. (Hepatus mucrone reflexo Gronow). Hepatus Gronow is based on two species, on which two Linnaeus based his genus Teuthis. The latter is a substitute for the former, and the two were ac- cepted as identical by Scopoli. Of the two species mentioned by Gronow, hepatus L. and JAVUS L., Gronow had, according to Dr. Giinther, a specimen of the first. This we may take as type of both Hepatus and Teuthis hepatus. This example belonged to the species called later Ch.etoi)on chirurgus by Bloch. This species must be regarded as the type of the genus Hepatus. Cuvier & Valenciennes have used the name Hepatus L. for an East Indian species, Colocopus lambdurus Gill. They were mistaken ni supposing that this species was the one examined by Gronow. The restriction here made is that of the first reviser, Jordan, Tanaka & Snyder, Cat. Fish Japan, 1913, 214. U accepted, Hepatus replaces Teuthis and Acan- thurus. Umbra (Kramer) Gronow, 114; type Cvprinodon krameri Walbaum. (Umbra krameri Gronow). Revived by Scopoli, 1777, and MiJller, 1842, as Umbra crameri Miiller. GRONOW, 1763 21 Erythrinus Gronow, 114; type SaLxMo erythrinus Bloch & Schneider, 1801 ( = Erythrinus Gronow). The name was revived by Miiller & Troschcl, 1846, and is in general use. Monotypic. Used also by Scopoli, 1777. Cataphractus Gronow, 115; type Pegasus draconis L. (Cataphractus CORPORE TETRAGONE GronOw). This genus is a synonym of Pegasus L. Solenostomus Gronow, 119; type Fistularia tabacaria L. (Solen- OSTOMUS CAUDA BIFURCA CtC. GfOnOw). Solenostomus is equivalent to Fistularia. The genus Solenostomus Lace- pede, 1803, typified by Fistularia parado.xa Pallas, must receive a new name, if the names of Gronow are accepted. Charax Gronow, 123; type Salmo gibbosus L. (Charax maxilla in- fer iore etc. Gronow). This name is equivalent to Characini L.=Epicyrtus Miiller & Troschel, 1846, said to be preoccupied, and Anacvrtus Giinther, 1864, presented as a substitute for Epicyrtus, all with the same type. Charax Risso (C. puntazzo) belongs to the very different family Sparid^. Revived by Scopoli, 1777. Mystus Gronow, 124; type Bagrus halepensis Guv. & Val. (Mystus ciRRis ocTo capite longioribus Gronow ) . The genus Mystus as defined by Gronow contains five species, not congeneric. The name is taken from Russell's History of Aleppo, who describes the species called Bagrus or IIypselobagrus halepensis as Mystus. Of the generic names included, that of Hvpselobagrus Giinther, 1864, is the most recent. The species named "Mystus" by Russell may be taken as the type of "Mystus" which will, if accepted, supersede Hypselobacrus. Mystus Lacepede, 1805, (Mystus clupe- oiDES Lacepede) is a species of Coilia Gray, 1831, an Engraulid fish. Also Scopoli. Plecostomus Gronow, 127, after Artedi ; type Loricaria plecostomus L. (Plecostomus dorso dipterygio Gronow). If accepted, replaces Hypostomus Lacepede; it is now in general use. Callichthys Gronow, 127; type Silurus callichthys L. (Callichthys ciRRis Gronow). Unquestioned, being accepted by later writers. Mastacembelus Gronow, 132; type Ophidium simack Walbaum, 1792 = RiiYNCiioBDELLA HALEPPENSis Bloch & Schneider, 1801 (MA.sTACEMnELUs MAXIM, IS suBACUTis Gronow ) . Revived by Cuvier & Valenciennes. The generic name Rhynciiobdella Bloch & Schneider included both species assigned by Gronow to Mastacembelus. In dividing the group, Cuvier & Valenciennes assigned the former name to Ophidium aculeatum Bloch, Gronow's second species, leaving Mastacembelus for his first. Before Gronow, Klein, 1744, had used the name Mastacf.mbklus for an entirely different group. In this he had been followed by BIceker, who recognized, at first, generic names of earlier date than 1758. 22 THE GENERA OF FISHES Channa Gronow, 135; type Channa orientalis Bloch & Schneider, 1801 (Channa Gronow). This monotypic genus was accepted by Bloch & Schneider, 1801, and Scopoli. Gasteropelecus Gronow, 135; type Clupea sternicla L. (Gastero- PELECus Gronow). Monotypic. The name was revived by Pallas in 1769. Leptocephalus Gronow, 135 ; type Leptocephalus morrisi Gmelin, the larva of Mur^na conger L. (Leptocephalus Gronow). This name, based on a larval conger, and revived by Scopoli in 1777, is held to replace Conger Houttviyn, 1764, and of Cuvier, 1817, given to the adult of the same species. As Leptocephalus has been in use more than a century as the col- lective name of the peculiar translucent expanded larvae of the Conger and other eels, it would be well to restrict its use to those forms, reserving the genus to which the type belongs, the earliest name given to the adult fish, Conger Houttuyn. Gymnogaster Gronow, 136; type Trichiurus lepturus L. (Gymno- gaster Gronow). Equivalent to Trichiurus L. Monotypic. Pteraclis Gronow, 136; type Coryph^na velifera Pallas, 1770 (Pter- ACLis pinnata Gronow) 1777. The name Pteraclis was used by Gronow, 1772. It is monotypic and unques- tioned. VI. LINN.EUS, Museum Adolphi-Frederki, II, 1764. Carolus Linn^us. Cepola Linnasus, 63; type Cepola rubescens L. = C. tmnik L. (also in Syst. Nat., 1766.) VII. HOUTTUYN, Natuurlike Historic volgens den Hecr Linnwus, 1764. Martin Houttuyn. This work we have not seen. Mr. Garman (in lit.) quotes: Conger Houttuyn, VII, 103; type Mur^na conger L. This name might well be retained for the Conger eel, leaving Leptocephalus to its time-honored special use as a designation for the larval forms of Conger and similar eels. Torpedo Houttuyn, VII, 453; type (not named) Raja torpedo L. Apparently this fixes the name Torpedo on the Electric Ray. UNNiEUS, 1766 23 \III. LIN'N^US, Systcma Natura, Ed. XII, 1766. Carolus Linn.eus. This edition contains four genera in addition to those given in the Tenth Edition. Cepola Linnaeus, 445 ; type C. t.enia L. = C. rubescens L. Unquestioned. Amia Linn?eus, 500; type A. calva L. The generic name Amia appears in the Twelfth Edition of the Systema Naturcr, in 1766. It had been used earlier by Gronow, in 1763, for a pcrcoid genus, later called Apocon by Lacepede. In the opinions already rendered by the Commission, it was decided that the generic names in Gronow's Zoofhylaceum, published in 1763, between the tenth and twelfth editions of the Systcma Natura, should be adopted, although his names for species were polynomial. Gronow was an e.xcellent ichthyologist, with broader knowledge than Linna;us, and later adopted the Linnjcan nomenclature. In view of the fact that his names are not in current usage, and that he had not then accepted binomial nomenclature, most recent authors have rejected them, unless revived by some binomial writer. The transfer of Amia from the ganoid to a percoid genus is, however, peculiarly undesirable, and it may be urged that general convenience justifies a special exception in this case. If Amia be used for Apocon, Amia L. is replaced by Amiatus Rafinesque, 1815. Teuthis. 507, after Browne; type Cii.etodon cerui.eus Bloch = TEU- Tiiis iiEi'ATUs L. in part. The name Teuthis was applied by Linnaeus in the twelfth edition of the Sys- tema Naturee, to the two species which formed the genus Hepatus of Gronow, in 1765. These were named Teuthis hepatus and Teuthis javus. The name Teuthis was borrowed from Browne, a non-binomial author. The two Linnsean species belong to different families. The species first named hepatus may be re- garded as the type of Hepatus, as already indicated. The name Teuthis should properly go with T. hepatus, as the name is borrowed from Browne, who applied it to a single species, confused with Teuthis hepatus by Gronow and Linnxus, the Ch.€todon c^ruleus of Bloch. This species is a near relative of the type of Hepatus. This decision follows the arguments of Dr. Gill. It is reasonable, but not above question. Meanwhile several authors, notably Cantor and Giinther, use Teuthis for T. javus (Sic.anus ForskSI), while others suppress it altogether. Still others misspell it, as Theutys, Theutis, etc. Elops Linnaeus, 508; type Eix>PS saurus L. Monotypic. 24 THE GENERA OF FISHES IX. MULLER, Delineationes Naturce, II, 1767, 141 (fide Sherborne, Index Anitnalium) . Philip Ludwig Statius Muller. Not seen by us. Acus Muller, 141 ; type probably Syngnathus acus L. Equivalent to Syngnathus L. Orbis Muller, 141 ; type probably Diodon hystrix L. Equivalent to Diodon L. We copy these references from Sherborne. In a memoir by Professor Muller, 1774, vol. Ill, p. 341, Acus appears as a specific name under Syngnathus acus, and again, 1774, IV, 341, as a vernacular under Esox belone. Under Diodon HYSTRi.x (III, 327) he quotes "Orbis ma.ximus spinosus." Mr. Garman, who gives us these references, remarks : "I would say that neither of these is available as a generic name." Neither is used in Miiller's supplement to the Systema Naturce, 1776. X. GEOFFROY, Descriptions de 7/9 Plantes etc., 1767. fixiENNE Louis Geoffroy. This paper we have not seen. We copy from Sherborne. Ichthyocolla Geoffroy, 399; type presumably Acipenser huso L. The name, meaning fish-glue, was early applied to the fish producing it. Prior to Huso Brandt, as a name for a subgenus of sturgeons. Harengus Geoffroy, 405 ; type presumably Clupea harengus L., in which case it is a synonym of Clupea. Lucius Geoffroy, 407 ; type presumably Esox lucius L. Trutta Geoffroy, 719; type presumably Salmo trutta L. XI. VALMONT DE BOMARE, Dictionnaire Raisonne Universel d'Histoire Naturelle, 1764, 1768, 1774, 1791. Jean Christophe Valmont de Bomare. The eligibility of Valmont's names is questioned as binomial only by accident, and not accepted as genera by the author himself in 1791. Of this work we have examined four editions, the first bearing date of 1764; the "new edition," considerably enlarged, of 1768; the second VALMONT DE BO.MARE, I764 25 edition, apparently mostly identical with the "new edition," 1775: and the fourth, still larger, in 1791. The dictionary received no consideration in ichthyological nomencla- ture until the appearance of the elaborate treatise on the sharks of the world, "Plagiostomia" by Samuel Garman, (Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, vol. XXXVI, 1913). In this work Mr. Garman makes brief reference to Valmont de Bomare as a worthy author hitherto ignored in taxonomy. "The selec- tion of one authority because he favored binomials more than another, has led to much uncertainty among names and to many changes. It has led authors to belittle and to ignore excellent works which at their time of publication and much later ranked in accuracy and influence among the first of the scientific publications of this period." Mr. Stejneger in- forms me that a Danish edition of this Dictionary exists. .\n examination of four editions of the Dictionncire of Valmont de Bomare shows it to be a compilation pure and simple, that he did not in- tend to give any new scientific names to animals or plants, but that, in a few cases, he copied binomial appellations from earlier authors which might be construed as revived in a scientific sense. It is therefore worth while to examine these cases in detail. First Edition, 1764. In the first edition, bearing date of 1764, there is no case of the use of anything resembling scientific nomenclature, although Valmont often gives a Latin equivalent to his French names. It is evident, however, that the work of Artedi, Klein, Gronow, and Linnaeus in which genera and species are formally recognized, is unknown to him. Thus, accompanied by fair descriptions compiled from other authors,. he gives the following : "AioL, en Latin, Scarus, un des plus beaux," etc. (vol. I, p. 95). "Alose, .\i.osa, poisson de mer qui remonte" (vol. I, p. 105). "Anchois, en Latin, Ai-ua, petit poisson," etc. (I, 13, 3). "Anguille, Anguilla, poisson allonge," etc. (vol. I, p. 133). "CoNGRE, Conger, excellent poisson," etc. (vol. II, p. 58). "Daurade, Aurata vli.(;aris, Espcce de poisson," etc. (vol. 11, p. 225). "fipiNOCHE, PiSCIS A( ULEATUS (vol. II, p. 306). "Glaucus, bien des ichthyologues donncnt cc nom a trois sortcs de poissons, I au Derbio, 2 au Liche, 3 au veritable Glaucus," etc. (vol. 11, p. 512). 26 THE GENERA OF FISHES "Hareng, Halec, Les harengs sont des poissons de passage," etc. (vol. II, p. 6io). "ToRPiLLE, Torpedo ou Tremble, Torpedo poisson," etc. (p. 458). "Grappe marine, Uva marina." These are plainly not scientific names. While the writer evidently grasps more or less clearly the meaning of genus and species, he has no conception of binomial nomenclature, as distinct from Latin equivalents of the vernacular names in French. Thus no one would take "Piscis aculeatus" as a generic and specific name for the stickleback or Uva marina for the Alga (Sargassum) known as Sea-Grape. Further along (Edition 11) occurs "Poisson petrifiee" indicated as "Ichthyo- lithus," which certainly is not the name of any genus. No scientific names, generic or specific, can be held to bear date from this first edi- tion, 1764, of the dictionary of Valmont de Bomare. "NouvELLE fioiTioN," 1768, and "Edition II," 1775. The "Nouvelle edition," dated 1768, is the one examined by Mr. Gar- man. Except for the paging it seems substantially identical with the edition of 1775, formally called the "second." It has a few binomial terms, mostly among the sharks. The use of Latin equivalents for the French vernacular is still continued, but these assume more frequently a binomial form, especially in the rather elaborate index. The first edition (octavo) contains no index. In the editions of 1768 and 1775 the only new names to be consid- ered are Galeus, Mustelus, Vulpecula, and Catulus. On page 116 (Edition II) we read: "Cagnot bleu, galeus glaucus. Grand poisson cartilagineux de la famille des chiens de mer." Then follows a fair account of the Great Blue Shark (Squalus glaucus L. ; Prionace glauca of recent writers), taken from the description of the "Chien de mer bleu" of Rondelet {de Piscibus, 1558, p. 296). Rondelet begins "Galeus glaucus, en Langue- doc, Cagnot bleu, poisson cartilagineux," etc. He uses the name "Chien de mer," or Galeus in a general sense, including the "Aiguillat" (Acan- THiAs), the Emissole, ("Galeus l^vis"), the "Chien de Mer fitoile, Galeus asterias," the "Melandre, Galeus canis," and the "Chien de Mer bleu, Galeus glaucus." The other sharks are treated under diflferent heads by Valmont. The entire arrangement appears in the index to the same volume. "Cagnot bleu, Galeus glaucus," does not appear in the Fourth Edition (1791). VALMONT DE BOM ARE, 1 768 27 On page cxxxvii "'Mustellus" is defined: "Espece de Chien de mer, c'est le Galeus stellatus des auteurs." The name Squalus mustelus L. was mostly based on Artedi's refer- ences to the "fimissole" or unspotted dog-fish, the Gai.eus l^vis of Rondelet and Valmont. The specific name mustelus should remain with that species. On the "l.evis" the name Mustelus of Linck in 1790 was clearly based. The same species, the "fimissole Commune," is clearly the type of Mustelus Cuvicr ( 1817). I'uit if the name Mustelus Valmont be accepted, its type must be the dog-fish with round spots, Squalus stellatus of Risso, Mustelus asterl\s Valmont. On page ccxxii of the Index occurs the name "Renard Marin, Vulpecula marina." This is apparently borrowed from Willughby and it refers to Alopias vulpinus, the "Sea Fox" of modern authors. Th? name is not a "scientific" term, but merely a Latin rendering of the vernacular. Catulus rests on Catulus vulgaris, which is Scyllioriiinus can- icula L. But the name is not available in any case, being preoccupied by Catulus Kniphof, a genus of insects. In the fourth edition (1791) Valmont gives a list of the genera of fishes. All those of Linn;eus {\~6(^^ are enumerated, tuit no others and none of his own names are included in the list. Evidently he did not regard himself as having made additions to scientific nomenclature. The elit^ibility of Vahnout's natnes is questioned as binomial only by accident, and not accepted as genera by the author himself in i/pi. Galeus Valmont de Bomare, I, 371, 1768; type Squalus glaucus L. "Cacnot nLEU, GALEUS cLAUCus," with description. If regarded as eligible Galeus will replace Prionace and Cynocephalus. Vulpecula \'almont de Bomare, III, 740, 1768: type Vulpecula mar- i.NA \'almont = Squalus vulpinus Bonnaterre = Squalus vul- pes Gmelin. "Vulpecula marina; RF.NAKt) marin," with description. If eligible, Vulpecula will replace Alopias Ratincsquc, 1810. Catulus \'almont de Bomare, I\', 31, 1768; type Squalus caniculus L. (Catulus major vulgaris Ray). .\ccordinK to Sherborne, Index /Inimalium, it is preoccupied by Catulus Knip- hof, De. Pedic. p. 16, 1759, a genus of insects. Equivalent to Scylliorhinus RIainvillo. Mustelus \'almont de Bomare. Ed. II, 746, 1768, and Ed. Ill, 1775, Ixxxi : type Galeus a.sterias Valmont = Mustelus canis Mitchill, 1815 = MiTSTELUs .stellatus Risso, 1826. "Galeus astcrias aut Mustelus stcllaris. Chien de mer i taches rondes." 28 THE GENERA OF FISHES XIII. GOUAN, Historia Piscium, 1770. Antoine Gouan. Trachipterus Gouan, 104; type Trachipterus gouani = Cepola TRACHYPTERA Gmelin. Lepadogaster Gouan, 105; type Lepadogaster gouani Gouan. Lepidopus Gouan, 107; type Lepidopus gouani Gouan (Trichiurus CAUDATus Euphrasen). XIV. KGELREUTER, Piscium Raronim; Novi Comm. Act. Petropolit. VIII, 1770. Joseph Gottlieb Kcelreuter. Mela Kcelreuter, 337 ; type Mola aculeata Kcelreuter. Antedates Mola Cuvier. XV. FORSTER, Catalogue of Animals of North America, 1771. John Reinhold Forster. Remora Forster, 20; type Echeneis remora L. Equivalent to Remora of Catesby and of Gill. XVI. BRUNNICH, Collectio Nova Scriptorum Societatis Scientiarum Hafnensis, 1771. M. T. Rrunnich. Regalecus Briinnich, III, 418; type Regalecus remipes Briinnich fOpHiDiuM glesne Ascanius). Also described in 1788. XVII. CATESBY and EDWARDS, Natural History of Carolina, Florida and the Bahama Islands, 1731-1750, by Mark Catesby; Edition Second, 1771, by George Edwards. CATESBY & EDWARDS, 1 77 1 29 The large folio volume in which Mark Catesby published the record of his visit to the Bahamas and other parts of America has had an im- portant place in the history of American Ichthyology. Numerous edi- tions of this work with the same plates have been published in German, French and English. Two of these, the Edwards' Edition of 1771, and the edition quoted as "Catesby, Pise. Imag., Etc., in 1777," are subsequent to Linnxus and may perhaps deserve consideration in nomenclature, although apparently not eligible in view of Opinion 57, which regards the post-Linnxan trans- lation of Hasselquist as ineligible. These editions contain tables showing the Linnxan names of Catesby 's species. Except as an evidence of "re- vision," these have no bearing on Catesby's "genera." If the generic names with polynomial specific names, of Gronow, Klein, and others are accepted, we can hardly refuse notice to the Latin nouns used by Catesby as republished by Edwards. These nouns have the force of genera, and being built about actual specimens they are mostly monotypic ; while those of Gronow and Klein arc subdivisions of a system, each covering as a rule many species. The names of Catesby are listed as genera in Sherborne's Index Animalititn by an author who is rather critical of Latin vernaculars. But Catesby wrote before Artedi and Linnxus had framed the idea of a genus. He was not therefore consciously engaged in the differentiation of generic groups. He was not, to borrow a phrase from Mr. Stejneger, "playing the game." For this reason it seems to us that his names should not be admitted to the system. It is, however, very important to have a decision once for all in this matter. The names in Edwards' Catesby are of doubtful eligibility as being Latin vernacular nouns rather than i^cnera, and as a reprint virluallx un- changed of a pre-Linnaan work. Umbla Catesby, i ; type Eso.x n.\RRA( uda Shaw (Si'iivR.iiNA picuda Bloch & Schneider). "Umbi-a minor, ma.xi.ma .maxii.i.is i.ongi- ORiBirs, the Barracuda" Catesby. F.f|iiivalcnt to Spiivrv*;na and prior to it, if accepted in the system. Mormyrus Catesby, 2; type Ui..k.ma i.hfrovi (Goode). "Mormvrus ex ciNEREo nigricans, the Bone-fish" Catesby. Identification somewhat uncertain. The name in any event is subsequent to Mormvrus L. Saurus Catesby, 2; type Salmo fcetens L. "Saurus ex cinereo ni- gricans, the Sea Sparrow Hawk" Catesby. Idc-ntir.Tl with SvNODUS r.roMow. 176J. 30 THE GENERA OF FISHES Albula Catesby, 6; type Mugil cueema Cuv. & Val. ("Albula baha- MENSis Catesby). A synonym of Mugil L., subsequent to Albula Gronow, 1763, and Albula Osbeck, 1 76 1. Hirundo Catesby, 8; type Cypselurus sp., "Hirundo" Catesby. Not Hirundo L., 1758, a genus of Swallows. Turdus Catesby, 9; type Lutianus griseus (L.) "Turdus pinnis branchialibus carens, the Mangrove Snapper" Catesby. Not Turdus, 1758, a genus of Thrushes. Alburnus Catesby, 12; type Cyprinus americanus L. = Menticirrus AMERiCANUS. "Alburnus AMERICANUS, the Carolina Whiting" Catesby, type of Cyprinus americanus L., Syst. Nat., X, 321. If accepted, the genus Alburnus must replace Menticirrus Gill, and the genus of Cyprinid/e called Alburnus by Rafinesque and Agassiz must receive another name. Cugupuguacu Catesby, 14; refers to Epinephelus maculosus (Cuv. & Val.j. ("Cugupuguacu brazil, the Hind" Catesby). Catesby's fish is not that called Cugupuguacu by Marcgrave. If this barbarous name be allowed it will replace Epinephelus. But it is evident that Cugupuguacu, Petimbuabo and Acarauna are not in any sense generic names, but attempts on the part of Catesby to identify his species with those called in Brazil by these vernacular names. In the case of Acarauna, Catesby is himself doubtful. Even in case names used in an actual generic sense, as Umbla, Aurata, Unicornis were allowed, Cugupuguacu and Acarauna should be rejected. Saltatrix Catesby, 14; type Gasterosteus saltatrix L., which is based on Catesby's figure, ("Saltatrix, the Skipjack"). If allowed, will replace Pomatomus Lacepede, 1802. Suillus Catesby, 15; type Lachnolaimus suillus Cuvier, "Suillus" Catesby, based on Catesby's figure. If allowed, Suillus will replace Lachnolaimus Cuvier. Aurata Catesby, 16; type Calamus calamus (Cuv. & Val.). "Aurata BAiiAMENSis, the Pofgy," Catesby. Not Aurata Fleming, 1828, which is Sparus L. If allowed, .Aurata will re- place Calamus Swainson. Salpa Catesby, 17; type Sparus svnagris L. (Lutianus synagris, based on "Salpa purpurascens variegata, the Lane Snapper," Catesby. Prior to Salpa Forskal, 1775. If allowed, Salpa would replace Neom.enis or Lutianus and perhaps add further to the confusion among the Salpoid Tunicates, although it is claimed that an earlier name, Dagysa, must replace Salpa ForskSl. CATESBY & EDWARDS, I77I H Novacula Catesby, i8; type Scarus c.TiRri.Eus Bloch. "Novacula c^- RUi.EA, the Hlue-fisli," Catesby. Name a synonym of Callyodon Gronow, but prior to Novacula Cuvicr, which is a synonym of X\ic Laiirus catesb.i:i Laccprdc. "I'sinAi ns piscis viRiDis bahamensis, the Parrot-fish." Catesby. Not Psittacus L., 1758, a genus of parrots. Acus Cate.sby, 30; type E.sox osseus L. "Acus maxima syitAMosA viRinis. the Green Gar-fish," Catesby. Equivalent to Psalisostomus Klein and Lfpisosteus Lacepide. 32 THE GENERA OF FISHES Acarauna Catesby, 31 ; refers to Holacanthus cilaris L. "An aca- RAUNA MAJOR PINNIS CORNUTIS AN PARU BRASILIENSIBUS ?, the Angel-fish," Catesby. This name cannot be used to replace Holacanthus as it represents a very doubtful identification on the part of Catesby ; not at all a generic division. Vipera Catesby, 9, Appendix; refers to Vipera marina Catesby (Chauliodus sloani Bloch & Schneider). As it is a fish, it cannot belong to the genus Vipera L. Vipera marina is apparently merely a vernacular name, sea-viper or viper-fish being intended. Cataphractus Catesby, 9, Appendix ; type Silurus cataphractus L. = Doras cataphractus of authors == Cataphractus ameri- CANUS Catesby. This name, being preoccupied, cannot replace Doras Lacepede. XVIII. GULDENSTADT, Acerina piscis ad Percce genus pertinens: Nov. Comm. Acad. Petropol., 1774, XIX. Anton Johann von Guldenstadt. Not seen by us. Acerina Guldenstadt, 455; type Perca cernua L. (Acerina kabir Guldenstadt). Equivalent to Cernua Sclisefer. XIX. Descriptiones Animalium qiice in Itinere Orientali Observavit, I by Petrus Forskal (edited after the death of the author by Carsten NiiciiuiiR). 1775. Siganus Forskal, X ; type Scarus rivui.atus P'orskal. No definition. This genus has been of late years generally called Teuthis, but apparently this LiniKean name sliould remain with the group for which Browne first used it. Torpedo Forskal, 1775, 16; type Raja toki'kdd (not of Linna;us) = Silurus electricus Gmelin, Malapterurus electricus Lacepede. Forskal describes the Electric Cat-fish of the Nile under the erroneous name of Raja torpedo L. He questions whether it might be allied to Mokmyru.s or whether it might find a place among the torpedoes of Rondelet, or might it be type of a new genus. "Aut potius novum conslituere genus. Certe dctcrminatur tor- pcdinis character genericus: Piscis branchiostegus: apertura lineari, obliqu.i supra pinnae pectorales ; corpore nudo : pinnis ventralibus seu abdominalibus ; dentibus numerosissimis densis, subulatis." This statement leaves no question as forskAl, 177s 33 to the species in mind, but Torpedo Houttuyn, 1764, if available, is of still earlier date. Salaria I-orskal, X and 22; type (without specific name) = Blennius BASILISCUS L. The genus is equivalent to Blennius L. Not Salarias Cuvicr. Scarus Forskal, 25 ; type Scarus psittacus Forskal. The type no doubt intended was Labrus scarus L., of the Mediterranean "an- tiquo nomine axdoo;" ; but that species was not mentioned by Forskal, and another must be taken as the type. The name Scarus was earlier used by Gronow as a synonym of Labrus, Scarus of Forskil must give way to Callyohon of Gronow if the names of Gronow are to be adopted. This is unfortunate, as Callvodon has been used by most authors as the name of another genus in the same family. Abu-defduf Forskal, 59; type ChvETODON sordidus Forskal. Equivalent to the later Glvphisodon of Laccpcde, 1803, The delinition of this genus admits of no question. It occurs in the same paragraph with the c(iually accurate detinition of .^canthurus. It may receive objection as a barbarous name. It was probably a "stop-gap" word for which Forskal intended to supply a Latin equivalent. This his editor after his death failed to do and we must apparently take it as it stands : "A generic name is a name without necessary meaning." (Baird.) Acanthurus Forskal, 59; type Ch.ktodon soiiai. Forskal; to be replaced l)y IIiii'ATUS Gronow, if Gronow's names are adopted; utherwise by Teuthis L. Later restricted by authors to the first species named. Ch. unicornis. Besides these names, clearly eligible, Forskal lists a number of sub- ordinate groups or subgenera, under I'krca, Sc.xru.s and Sci.kna. Some of these are properly and fully defined, and would be accepted without question if in I.alin. I'.ut all arc in Arabic, and may perhaps be taken as vernacular words, as one might divide a genus into "Groupers,"' "Snappers" and "Porgies. ' We may perhaps reject them on the same ground as that on which we reject "les spheroides." In addition to these more or less formal names arc two sections, one under Scarus called "dcntibus .\budjubbe," equivalent to Ciikii.inus Lac, and one "dentibus Harid," equivalent to Scarus. Louti and Daba are above reproach, except as to their .Arabic origin. Abuiiamrur is defined by reference to its type species. Naqua is based on a species referred with doubt to Sci^na. Ghanan, Schour and Taiihmel are names only, identifiable by the correspondence with the Arabic names of their type species. These names of Forskil doubtfully eligible, being vernacular and not meant as subgeneric. 34 THE GENERA OF FISHES Naqua Forskal, xvii ; type Scl^na gibba Forskal. With definition as "Piscis inarinis rubri obscuris, an Scisena 48?" Equivalent to Genyoroge Cantor, 1850. Louti Forskal, 44; type Perca louti Forskal. With full definition. Equivalent 'to Variola Swainson, 1839, which apparently it should replace. Daba Forskal, 44; type Perca areolata Forskal. With full definition. Epinephelus Bloch, 1798, which apparently it should replace. Abuhamrur Forskal, 44; type Sci.ffiNA hamrur Forskal. With definition by reference to the type species. Priacanthus Cuvier, 1817. Hobar Forskal, 44; type Sci^na bohar Forskal. With short definition. Lutianus Bloch, 1790. Farer Forskal, 44; type Sci^na sammara Forskal. With definition. Holocentrus Gronow, 1763. Ghanan Forskal, 44; type Sci^na ghanam Forskal. Without definition. _ Scolopsis Cuvier, 1817. Djabub Forskal, 44; type Sclena jarbua Forskal. With definition. Therapon Cuvier, 1817. Gaterin Forskal, 44; type Sci^na gaterina Forskal. With scanty definition. Plectorhinchus Lacepede, 1800. Schour Forskal, 44; type Sci^na nebulosa Forskal. Without definition. Lethrinus Cuvier, 1817. Tahhmel Forskal, 44; type Sci.ena tahhmel Forskal. Without definition. Kyphosus Lacepede, 1800, subgenus Opisthistius Gill, 1862. XX. KLEIN, Neuer Schauplat:: der Natur, nach den Richtig,ste>i Beo- bachtungcn und Versuchen, in Alphabetischer Ordnung. Durch eine Gesellschaft der Gelehrten. Weidmann, Leipzig. (Quoted as "Gesellschaft Schauplatz.") No author named, the account of the fishes comi)iled from Historia Piscium Naturalis Klein, perhaps by Philip Ludwig Statins Miiller, pro- fessor at Erlangen. Vol. 1, 1775; vol. 11, 1776; vol. Ill, 1776; vol. IV, 1777; vol. V, 1777; vol. VI, 1778; vol. VII, 1779; vol. VIII, 1779; vol. X, 1781. Jakob Theodor Klein. KLEIN, 1775 35 In a recent monograph of the sharks and rays (Plagiostomia: Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool.. Harvard College, XXXVI, 1916) Mr. Samuel Gar- man calls attention to the availability in nomenclature of names of genera accepted from Klein, a pre-Linnaean writer, in a post-Linnaean dictionary called "Neuer Schauplatz," or for convenience "Gesellschaft Schau- platz." This publication began, according to Mr. Carman, as a transla- tion of Valmont de Bomare, but later it was extended and improved. We find no copy of this work in the libraries of Washington and New York. It is probable that the copy in Mr. Carman's possession, which its owner has kindly placed at our disposal, is the only one now in the United States. Mr. Carman remarks: "The Schauplatz referred to above is anony- mous, it is true, but it gives the authorities for its generic and specific names, and thus its citations amount to republication after 1758, by the original authors, previous as the first publication may have been." .Ml the generic names used by Jacob Theodor Klein in his Historia Piscium Naluralis, 1740 to 1744, are here reproduced and accepted, thus bringing them for consideration into eligibility in scientific nomenclature. If accepted they therefore replace nearly all competing names except those of Artedi ( 1738) accepted by Linnaeus (1758), and those of Gronovv (1763)- Toward the middle of the eighteenth century the idea of genus among animals as a basis of classification became common property among nat- uralists. The name of the genus was recognized as consisting of a single word, but, until 1758, the species was indicated by a descriptive phrase attached to the name of the genus. By the device of binomial nomenclature, Linnasus made the system coherent, allotting to genus and species each a single word, the first a noun, the second of the nature of an adjective or genitive. In zoology, scientific nomenclature therefore dates from January i, 1758, the time of the development of this system by Linnaeus in the Tenth Edition of his Sysicma Naturcc. Prior to Linnxus, on the basis of definite genera with polynomial species, three distinguishetl ichthyologists had separately developed, with- out knowledge of each other's work, a system of classification of fishes. These were Peter Artedi. "the Father of Ichthyology." in l^psala. in 173^: Jacob Theodor Klein, in Jena. 1740 to 1744; and Lorenz Theodor Gronow, in Leyden, 1754 to 1780. Of these authors the work of Artedi was the most comjiact and accurate, that of Klein the most elaborate, and that of Gronow based on the most material. .Artcili's work was itie basis of Linnxus's classification of the fishes. The principal part of the work 36 THE GENERA OF FISHES of Gronow was published in 1763. His names have been accepted as eligible by the International Commission of Zoological Nomenclature. In this paper we give a list of these genera of Klein together with the Linnsean type, each as understood or as indicated by the present writer. In deciding on the type, the writer has been materially aided by the possession of a copy of Klein's Historia Piscium Naturalis, which was once the property of his commentator, Dr. Johann Julius Walbaum of Greifswald, and which contains profuse annotations in Walbaum's own handwriting. Dr. Walbaum himself published in 1792 {Petri lArtedi sued Genera Piscium, 589-587) a classified record of the genera of Klein, but without actually accepting these as part of the System. Later Walbaum printed an Index to all these early names of various authors, as Ichthyologia Enodata siz'e Index Rerum (Leipzig, 1793). In this Index the generic and other names used by previous writers are arranged in alphabetical order with indication of the Linnaaan synonymy. This again does not, in the view of the Zoological Commission (Opinion 21 ), involve the accept- ance of any of these names. A reprint of Klein's Historia Piscium Naturalis was published, with notes by Walbaum, in 1802. In the Gesellschaft Schauplatc Klein's names are frankly adopted, and the chief serious objection to be raised is that the species are named polynomially. We here omit those names in the Schauplats, as Acipen- SER, Cyprinus, Xiphias, etc., which had been used by Linnaeus and were already accepted in the System with the same significance. We are in- debted to Mr. Carman for the verification of the list and for the insertion of page references. Illustrations of the method of the elliptical and disorderly Schauplats are the following. In vol. I, p. 918, 1777, we read: "Botte. Rhombus, ein Kleinisches Fischgeschleclit, welches Linne. Pleuronectes G. 163, Miiller Seitenschwimmer, Richter Hntten nennt," etc. Description follows. In III, p. 512, we find: "Greete, Kleinische, eine Art platteise, But- ten, Richter: s(iehe) Botte, Rhombus, des Kleins und unsern Artikel Th. T, s. 918 ; desgleichen h'lunder. Passer 4 des Kleins und unsern Artikel Th. Ill, s. 151" etc. "Passer 4" is the species called "Passer asper s(eu), squamosus Rondelet. This species is Pleuronectes limanim L. With (eight) other si)ecies named polynomially, it is set forth in the Schatiplatc, after Klein. The (|uotations from Midler probably refer lo the Niirnberg Edition of the Systetna Nalurcc, published in German by Professor Philip KLEIN, 1775 37 Ludwig Statins Miiller of Eriangen, in 1776. This edition in its Supple- ment contains a few new specific names but no new genera, so far as noticed.* The reference to "Richter," refers apparently to a work published at Leipzig, in 1754, by J. G. O. Richter, entitled "Ichtltyothcoloi^ie, oder Versuch die Menschen aus Bctrachtun^ dcr Fische cu Dewunderung dis Schopfers zu fiihren." This we have not seen, but quote the title from Bosgoed. The same work appears in Dutch, in 1768, as "Godlcercnde I'ischkunde." The names in the "Gesellschaft Schauplatz" are all of doubtful eligi- bilitv. because not adopting the Linneran Code as to species, and possibly because published in an anonymous dictionary. Conger Klein, I, 22, 1775; type Mur^ena conger L. "Concer pinna memuranacea" Klein. A synonym of Conger Houttuyn. Enchelyopus Klein, I, 32, 1775; type Triciiiurus lepturus L. "En- CUKI.VOl'US CAPITE PRODUCTO SERPENTINO" Klein. A synonym of Trichiurus L., not Enchelyopus Gronow. Brama Kkin, I, 61, 932, 1775; type Cyprinus brama L. "Brama PKIMI RADIO PINN.U DORSAI.IS SI.MPLICl" Klein. Brama, if accepted, replaces Auramis Cuvier, and the marine genus now called Brama would take the name of Lepodus Rafinesque. Galeus Klein, I, 70, 1775; type Squalus galeus L. "Gai.eus rostri ic.xTKE.MA parte peli.ucida" Klein. Equivalent to Galeorhinus Blainville, 1816= Galeus Cuvier, 1817, not Galeus Valmont, 1768, nor of Rafinesque, 1810. Trutta Klein, I, 115, 1775; type Sal.mo trutta L. "Trutta tota argentea" Klein. A synonym of Trutta L. Leuciscus Klein, I, 172, 1775; type Cvprinus leuciscus L. "I-euciscus siPRA 1.INEA lateralis" Klein. Lklxiscus Klein would replace Leuciscus Cuvier, Rafinesque, Agassiz. for the same group. Pelamys Klein, I, 176, 1775: tyi)c Sco.mukr sco.MiiRrs L. "Pklamys corpore castigato" Klein, the "makarcl" of Wilhighby. The genus, based on the tunnies and the mackerels, is exactly coterminous with ScoMnKR L. If regarded as eligible, the genus of snakes, Pixamys Daudin, must receive a new name. •See "On the Fishes [described in Mullcr's Supplemental Volume to (he Sys- lema Natunt of Linnaeus." D. S. Jordan, Proc .Acid. Nat. Sci., 1890, p. 48. 38 THE GENERA OF FISHES Harengus Klein, I, 209, 1775 ; type Clupea harengus L. "Harengus vulgaris" Klein. Synonym of Clupea L. Amphisilen Klein, I, 280, 1775; type Centriscus scutatus L. "Am- phisilen" Klein. Monotypic. A synonym o? Centriscus L., and Amphisile Cuvier. Latargus Klein (misprint for Lathargus), I, 298, 1775; type Anar- iiicAS LUPUS L. "Latargus rostro retuso dentis iiorridis" Klein. Synonym of Anarhichas L. Monotypic. Leiobatus Klein, I, 316, 1775; type Raja oxyrhynchus L. "Leio- batus rostro omnium longissime producto" Klein. Synonym of Raja L. Includes all smooth rays. Synagris Klein, I, 442, 177 J; type Sparus aurata L. "Synac;ris DORSO obscure viride" Klein. A synonym of Sparus L. Includes many sparoid fishes. Mystus Klein, I, 535, 1775 ; type "Mystus fluviatilis" Klein = Cyp- RiNUS BARBUS L., not Mystus Gronow, 1763. Equivalent to Barbus Cuvier. Passer Klein, I, 816, 1775; type Pleuronectes flesus L. "Passer cute densis tuberculis." Not of Brisson, 1760, a genus of birds. A synonym of Flesus Moreau. Glaucus Klein, I, 829, 1775 ; type Scomber glaucus L. "Glaucus aculeatus maculis in utroque latere" Klein. Glaucus, if allowable, replaces C-esiomorus Lacepede, a genus distinct from Trachinotus Lacepede, 1803. Hypodis Rafinesque, 1810, is the same. Rhombus Klein, I, 918, 1775, VIII, 88, 1779; type Pleuronectes rhombus L. "Rhombus omnium minimus palm.e longi- TUDINE." This name antedates Rhombus Da Costa, 1776, a genus of Snails. If eligible, it replaces Bothus Rafinesque, and is equivalent to Rhombus Cuvier, 1817. The other nominal species of Rhombus are synonyms of the Turbot, Psetta max- ima (L.). Rhombotides Klein, I, 922, 1775; type Ch^todon c^RULEUS Blocli. "RiioMBOTiDES obscure c.«:ruleus" Klein, after Catesby. Synonym of Acanthurus Forskal, and of Teuthis of Browne and Linna;u3, Klein suggests as substitute names, if Rhombotides is not acceptable, Europus and Psi'rrTA. KLEIN, 1775 39 Sargus Klein, I, 966, 1775; type Si'arus sar(;us L. "Sargus pinnis vENTRAMuus" Klein. Sargus, if allowed, replaces Diplodus Rafinesquc, and Sargus Cuvier. The geini': of In^^ects called Sargus would in this case require a new name. Dasybatus Klein, I, 991, 1775; type Raja pastinaca L. "Dasybatus CAUDA SQUAMEIS ossEis" Klein. Dasybatus. if allowed, replaces Uasyatis Rafinesque and Trycon Adanson. Intended to include all the rough-skinned rays. Prochilus Kkin, 1. 104;^ 1775; type, as here restricted, "Prociiilus 1..EVI.S i.ATi:Rim;.s carinatus" Klein ( I5i.icnnius phoi.is L.). Equivalent to PnoLis Cuv. & Val., a name used earlier for another genus by Gronow and Scopoli. In this sense Prochilus is a subgenus under Bi.ennius. .. On plates in Bleeker's Atlas, Prochilus is used instead of Amphiprion, the species named first by Klein being Amphiprion kphippium (Bloch). We find, however, no formal restriction of Prochilus by Bleeker. Labrax Klein, II, 32, 1775, and VIII, 164, 1779; type Perca i.ahrax L. "Lahra.x sive Lupus" Klein. Labrax, if allowed, replaces Dicentrarchus Gill = Labrax Cuvier, 1817. Not Laprax of Pallas, 1810, which is Hexacrammos. Percis Klein, II, 45, Ed. 2, 1776; type Perca cernua L., as restricted by Bleeker, Systema Pcrcanim Revisttm. "Percis pinnis sex ANTERIORE PARTE DORSALIS I4" Klein. Equivalent to Cf.rnua Schaefer 1761, Gymnockphalus Bloch & Schneider 1801, to AcERiNA Cuvier 1817, and Cernua Fleming 1828; not Percis Scopoli 1777, nor of Cuvier. Narcacion Klein, II, 2^7, 1776; IV, 726, 1777; type Raja torpedo L. "NaRCACION DEMTA CAUDA SINUOSA CIRCULARIS" Klein. Narcacion, if accepted, replaces Torpedo Dumeril, not of Forskril If rejected, Narcobatus Blainville is next in date. Monotypic. Maenas Klein, II, 360, 1776; type Sparus m^ena L. "M.enas dilute viRiDis" Klein. M^NAS would replace M.eNA Cuvier. Cicla Klein, II, 412, 1776; type Labrus viridis L. "Cicla viridis oper- cui.orum" Klein. Synonym of Labrus L Comprises all the species of Labrus L, called Turdus or Mf.rula by authors, these names also signifying "thrush." If accepted, Ciciila Bloch & Schneider, 1801, would require a new name. Rhina Klein, II, 587, 1776; type Riiina squ.\tina L. '"Riiina .>^ive squatina" Klein. Rhina, if allowed, replaces Squatina Dumiril. 40 THE GENERA OF FISHES Rhinobatus Klein, II, 593, 1776; type Raja rhinobatus L. "Rhino- BATus SEu Squatino raja" Klein. Rhinobatus would replace Rhinobatus Bloch & Schneider, 1801, and SvRRHiNA Miiller & Henle. based on the same species. Solea Klein, III, 115, 1776; type Pleuronectes solea L. "Solea SQUAMis MiNUTis" Klein. Solea Klein would replace Solea Rafinesque, Solea Quensel and Solea Cuvier. Pseudopterus Klein, III, 139, 1776; type Gasterosteus volitans L. "PsEUDOPTERus QUI Perca amboinensis" Klein. Replaces, if allowed, Pterois Cuvier. Tetragonoptrus Klein, III, 153, 1776; type Ch.etodon capistratus L. "Tetragonoptrus l^vis ad caudam brunnea" Klein. Synonym of Ch.etodon L. Bleeker uses this name in place of Ch.etoiion, as Artedi's "type" of Ch.etodon — that is, the species first named — is a Pomacanthus. But Artedi included also true species of Ch.«todon in his list, and the name was adopted by Linnicus from his own use of it, in the Amaenitates Academicicr. Batrachus Klein, III, 202, 1776; type Lophius piscatorius L. "Ba- trachus rictuque ran^" Klein. Synonym of Lophius L., not Batrachus Bloch & Schneider, 1801. Mastaccembelus Klein, III, 271, 1776; type Esox belone L. "Mas- taccembelus mandibulis longissimis" Klein. Not Mastacembelus Gronow, 1763; stands as Belone Cuvier. Platiglossus Klein, III, 300, 1776; type Haliciiceres margin. \tus Riippell. "Platiglossus subrufus squamulis l.^^vibus" Klein. Accepted by Bleeker as Platyclossus. Klein's figure is crude, but recog- nizable. Lucius Klein, Hi, 506, 1776; type Esox lucius L. "Lucius . . . ros- TRo quasi anserino" Klein. Synonym of Esox L. = Lucius Rafinesque. Cestracion Klein, III, 523, 1776; type Squalus zyg^na L. "Ckstra- cioN fronte acus" Klein. Cestracion, if accepted, replaces Spiivrna Rafinesque and Zyg.ena Cuvier. Cestracion Cuvier is a different genus, Heterodontus Blainville, Centraciun Gray. Trichidion Klein, III, 592, 1776; type Polynemus virginicus L. "Tri- CIIIDION CORPORE oblongo" Klein. .•\ synciiiym of PoLYNEMUS L. as restricted by authors generally. Mnnotypic. Asperulus Klein, III, 686, 1776; X, 236, 1781 ; type Perca zingel L. "Asperulus vel aspredo dorso acuto" Klein. Identical with Zinc.el Okcn. Monotypic. scopoi.i, 1777 41 Corystion Klein, III, 762, 1776; type Tkii;i.a lapponica L. "Corys- iKiN coRPOKE (;ranui.ato" Klein. A synonym of Trigla L. In volume III of the Gesellschaft Schauplatz, 1776, pp. 61-73, 's given a list of the genera of fishes. This inclucles so far as we note all those pro{)osecl by Klein and those of Linnaeus also, those of Klein appearing first. The names are not in alphabetical order, but follow the sequence of Klein's Ilistoria Piscum Naturalis. This seems to imply a post-Linnaean acceptance of all of Klein's genera, even were their use in the text rejected. One new name appears : Pristis Klein, III, 61, 1776: type "Pristis, der Sageschnautz." liquivalcnt to Pristis Liiick. XXI. SCOPOLI, Iittroductio ad Historiam Naturalem, Prague, 1777. JoHANN Anton Scopoli. A descriptive catalogue of the genera of animals and plants. The genera of fishes are mostly those of Linnaeus and Gronow. No types are named save in the two new, Percis and Pticridiu.m. The following names given by Gronow are not accepted by Scopoli : Enchelyopus (regarded as a synonym of Blennius), Eleotris (= GOBIUS), PlECOSTOMUS (= LORICARIA), CoRACINUS (^ScI.ENA), CaL- LORHYNCHUS (=ChIM^RA), CaTAPIIRACTUS (=PeGA.SUS), GyMNO- gaster (=Tricuiurus), Cycloc.aster (=Liparis). IIkI'ATITS, ( = Teuthis) ; Amia is used only in the Linnaean sense. Liparis (.Artedi) Scopoli. 453: type (not named) Cyclopterus liparis L. Percis Scopoh, 454; type L«na qphis L., as restricted. Unquestioned. XXXI. ASCANIUS, Beretning urn Silde-Tusten : Dansk. Selsk. 1788. P. ASCANIUS Regalecus .\scaniiis, III, 419; type Oimiidium glesne Ascanius. Other dates have been quoted, for example "Icones," 1772, a series of plates of objects in nature. This may not be the oldest. XXXII. BLOCH, Charactere und Beschreibung des Geschlechts der Papageyfische, Callyodon : Abhandlungen Bohmischer Gesell- schaft. I\', 1788. Mark Elieser Bloch. Callyodon Bloch, 242; type (presumably) Scarus croicensis Bloch. Not seen by us. XXXIII. BLOCH, Naturgeschichte der Ausliindischen Fische. Ill, 1788. Gymnetrus Bloch, III, i ; type Gvmnetrus hawkeni Bloch. .\ synonym of Regalecus. XXXIV. BROWNE, Cknl and Natural History of Jamaica. Second Edition, 1789. Patrick Browne, M. D. Orif.jinally piililishcd in I75^>, reprinted in I78<;. with a table showintj the Linna-an ctjnivalcnts of species named, and perhaps other revisions. No changes have been noted in the systematic part. In the original edi- tion of 175^1, as in later editions, the author refers to the works of Artedi and Gronow, with both of whom he was familiar. His recognitirjn of genus as a technical term and not as a mere Latin noun is unmistakable. Browne adopts various genera of Artedi (later accepted by Linnaeus), and to these he adds twelve new genera of his own. The si>ecies arc 46 THE GENERA OF FISHES indicated by polynomial terms, to which are added the English vernac- ular names current in Jamaica. The History of Jamaica is the ablest of all the works describing a local fish-fauna, prior to Linnaeus, in quality comparable to the work of Osbeck, Ilasselquist, and even of Forskal. The revised republication of the work in 1789 may perhaps make the names of Browne eligible in nomenclature, if other authors rigidly cor- rect as to generic names but polynomial as to species are to be consid- ered. We have examined the original edition and the edition of 1789. The names of Browne are perhaps not eligible as not binomial and as occurring in a slightly revised reprint of a pre-Linnccan work. Following the precedent of Opinion 57, rejecting Hasselquist {Iter Palestinum,), Browne's work would not be regarded as available. Solenostomus Browne, 441 ; type "Solenostomus corpore terete sub- ROTUNDO etc., the Trumpeter" =; Fistularia tabaccaria L. This name, if eligible, antedates Solenostomus Klein and Solenostomus Lace- pede. Monotypic. Menidia Browne, 441 ; type "Menidia corpore pellucido, linea later- ali latiori argentea" = Atherina browni Gmelin, 1789. This name, if accepted, replaces Anchoviella Fowler, besides rendering Men- idia Bonaparte ineligible. Monotypic. Amia Browne, 442 ; type "Amia subargentea labris ^qualibus ossic- ULus branchiostegus vigintiduobus, the Tarpon" = Megalops atlanticus Cuv. & Val. This name is equivalent to Tarpon Jordan & Evermann. It is however pre- occupied by Amia Gronow and by Amia L. Browne refers also to Amia, a sec- ond species, "the Ten-pounder," which is Elops saurus L., type of the genus Elops. Mormyra Browne, 445; type "Mormyra major c^rulea et aureo varia, the larger Painted Parrot-fish" = Scarus vetula Bloch & Schneider. The name Mormyra, too close to Mormyrus L., is subsequent to Callyouon of Gronow, and to Scarus Forskal. Three other species of Parrot-fish are placed by Rrowne in Mormyra. Synonym of Callyodon, Plagusia Browne, 445; type "Plagusia subcinerea cauda attenuata, the little Brown Sole with a pointed tail" = Pleuronectes plagusia Bloch & Schneider, 1801 := Symphurus plagusia Jor- dan & Evermann. The name Plagusia was adopted for this genus by Cuvier in 1829. It had however been earlier (1806) used by Latreille for a genus of Crustaceans. BROWNE, 1789 47 rownc's name Plagusia, if available, has priority over Symphurus Rafinesciue, iSao, as well as over the numerous later names applied to this group, the best knoAfi of which are Aphoristia Kaup and Ammopleurops Giinthcr. As there is a still^jqrlier species, Plagusia placiusa L., in this genus, the present species may perhaps s^and as Plagusia ornata Laccpede, "plagiusa" being only a variant spelling of the same word. Helops Browne, 445; type "Helops nigrescens varie nebulatim, the Mog-fish of Catesby" = Labrus rufus L. If Helops, with this type, is accepted, it will eliminate the much confused generic name Bodianus Bloch, based on the same type (Bodianus bodianus Bloch = Labrus rufus L.). Harpe Lacepede and Cossyphus Cuvier are later names for the same genus. The first species indicated by Browne under Helops is Lach- NOLAiMus maximus (Walbaum), the "Suillus or Great Hog-fish" of Catesby. This is "Helops rufescens iride partim rubra, partim albida, .macula nigra POST PiN.NiM dorsalem, the Hog-lish" of Browne. In the interest of nomenclature, it would be better to suppress Bodianus rather than Lachnolaimus, if Helops is found eligible. Cromis Browne, 449; type "Cromis subargenteo oblongus radiis anterioribus dorsalis ^gre pungentibus, the Drummer" = Labrus cromis L. = Po(;()Nias chromis of authors. Browne cites four species of his genus Cromis, the "Silver Shad" (Gerres CTNEREUS), the Red-mouth Grunt (H^emulon plumieri), the Stone Bass (Diapterus brasilianus), and the Drummer (Poconias cromis). As the last named became Labrus cromis L., we may take it as the type of the genus Cromis of Browne, if the latter is eligible. Cromis would then, if accepted, re- place Poconias Lacepede. Chromis Cuvier, 1815, a more correct spelling of the same word, would then give place to Heliases Cuvier. Macrocephalus Browne, 449; type "Macrocepiialus argentka .major LINEA L.\TERALIS RECTA NIGRA, the Snook" = SCLENA UNDECIM- ALis Bloch. Monotypic. Equivalent to Centropomus Lacepede. Preoccupied by Macro- cephalus Swederus, 1787, a genus of Insects. Pelmatia Browne, 449; type "Pelm.\tia major squamis vix perspicuus, the Mud-fish" = GoBioMORUs dormitor Lacepede. The name Pelmatia, if accepted, replaces Gobiomorus, which in turn has re- placed the excellent name Philypnus of Cuvier. The first species named under Pfxmatia by Browne is "Pfx.matia minor squamis majusculus, the Bullhead." This is Dormitator maculatus (Bloch). Browne gives a long and correct account of Pjxmatia, and notes that his "sec- ond sort," the mud-fish, is "most esteemed and grows frequently to the length of 17 to 20 inches. It is the most delicate fish I have yet known, when in full per- fection." 48 THE GENERA OF FISHES Thynnus Browne, 451; type "Thynnus bontii corpore crassiori et BREVioRE etc., The Boneeto" = Scomber pelamys L. This use of the name Thynnus is later than that of Fabricius, 1775, for a genus of Insects. It antedates Thynnus of Cuvier and it is equivalent to Thyn- nus of Liitken, a name later changed to Euthynnus by its author. Scomber pelamys L., the Oceanic Bonito, is the Bonito of Cuba and Jamaica, where the Northern Bonito, Sarda sarda, is unknown. Of the "Boneeto," Browne observes that it is "a dry coarse fish, not much esteemed, though a hearty wholesome food." Should stand as Euthynnus Liitken. Monotypic. Saurus Browne, 452 ; type "Saurus argenteus cute longitudinalis etc., the Leather Coat" ^ Scomber saurus Bloch & Schneider = Oligoplites saurus of authors. Not Saurus Cuv. & Val., which is Synodus Gronow. If Browne's names are accepted, Saurus must replace Oligoplites Gill, its type species standing as Saurus saurus (Bloch & Schneider). Two other species of Saurus are enum- erated by Browne, the "Red-tailed Jack" and the "White-fish." Teuthis Browne, 454; type "Teuthis fusca c^ruleo nitens, the Doc- tor (TuRDUs RHOMBOiDES Catesby) " :^ Ch^todon c^ruleus Bloch. The first application of the name Teuthis (xeijdi;, a squid) to a fish is that of Browne in 1756. Linnseus in 1766 accepted Browne's name Teuthis, and sub- stituted it for Gronow's name Hepatus, 1763. The republication of Teuthis in 1789 would help to fix the generic name Teuthis with Browne's original species. Hepatus Gronow was primarily based on a specimen of the West Indian species called Ch^todon chirurgus by Bloch, with which Ch^todon ceruleus Bloch, the type of Teuthis, is strictly congeneric. The other species concerned, Teuthis javus L., wrongly referred by Gronow to Hepatus, should stand as Siganus For- skal. Cuvier and Valenciennes, according to Giinther, were in error in referring Gronow's specimen, the type of Teuthis hepatus L., to an East Indian species, since called Colocopus lambdurus Gill. The four species entangled in the confusion superimposed upon Browne, should, as Gill has shown, stand as follows : Hepatus or Teuthis C/Eruleus (Bloch & Schneider). Hepatus or Teuthis hepatus L. Colocopus lambdurus Gill. Siganus javus (L.). Rhomboida Browne, 455; type "Rhomboida alepidota argentea pin- Nis oMNis BREviBUS, the Silver-fish" = VoMER browni Cuv. & Val., 1833. The generic name Rhomboida antedates that of Vomer Cuvier, and, if ac- cepted, the type species would stand as Rhomboida browni (Cuv. & Val.) = Platysomus spixi Swainson, a species distinct from the northern Vomer setipin- Nis (Mitchill). Under Rhomboida, Browne mentions also "Rhomuoida major alkpiduta, the Larger Silver-fish, with long fins (Zeus cauda bifurca Artedi)." This must be LINCK, 1790 49 Selene vomer L. A third species is "Rhomdoida squamosa ex arcentea, the Portu- gise." This seems to be Pomacanchus arcuatus L., the "Portugais" of the French Antillan fishermen. XXXV. LINCK, Magazin Neuesies aiis der Physik und Naturgeschichte, Gotha. 1790. H. F. LiNCK. This work we have not seen ; we quote from Gill. Mustelus Linck, 31; type Squalus mustelus L. = Mustelus LyEVis of authors. Equivalent to Pleura cromvxon Gill, not quite the same as Mustelus Valmont. Pristis Linck, 31 ; type Squalus pristis L. Unquestioned. Rhinobatos Linck, 32; type not specified: Raja rhinobatos L. l-^qiiivak-nt to Rhinobatus Klein. Callichthys Linck, 32 ; type not specified: Silurus callichthys L. Equivalent to Callichthys Gronow. Alosa Linck, 35 (scarcely defined) ; type not specified: Clupea alosa L. = Alosa Cuvier. Thymallus Linck, 35; type not specified: S.m.mo thymallus L. = TiiY.MALLUS Cuvier. Mola Linck, 37 ; type Diodon mola L. Equivalent to Mola Koclrcuter and Cuvier. Soarus Linck (misprint for Saurus), 37; type not specified and un- identifiable. Barbatula Linck, 38; type Cobitis barbatula L. Replaces Oreias Sauvage ; Orthrias Jordan & Fowler. XXXVL BLOCH, Naturgesc hie lite der Ausldndischen Fische, IV, 1790. Mark Elieser Bloch. Bodianus Bloch, IV, 48; type Bodianus bodianus Bloch, by tautonomy. Replaces Harpe Lacep^dc. By first restriction, Cuvier and Gill, the type would be PoniANUS ci;ttatus Bloch, a species of Enneacentrus Gill. Tautonomy has precedence in this case. Lutianus Hloch, l\', 105; type Lutianus littianus Bloch. Unquestioned. Also spelled Lutjanus. 50 THE GENERA OF FISHES XXXVII. WHITE, Journal of a Voyage to New South Wales, 1790. J. White. Enoplosus White, plate 39 ; type Ch^etodon armatus White. Lacepede quotes the name Enoplosus from White. We have not seen this paper, and the name may have been first printed by Lacepede. XXXVIII. VALMONT DE BOMARE, Dictionnaire etc., Edition IV, vol. VIII, 1791. Jean Christophe Valmont de Bomare. Acus Valmont ; type Acus aristotelis Valmont = Syngnathus ACUS L. After Willughby. Same as Syngnathus L. XXXIX. SHy\W, Description of Stylepiiorus chordatu.s, a nezv fish : Transactions of the Linnxan Society of London, I, 1791. George Shaw. Stylephorus Shaw, I, 90 ; type Stylephorus chordatus Shaw. Monotypic. XL. WALBAUM, Artedi Piscinm, 1792. Johann Julius Walbaum. Curimata Walbaum, 80; type Salmo marcgravii Walbaum, based on "Charax maxilla superiore longiore" Gronow, which is Salmo CYPRINOIDES L. Curimata should replace Curimatus Cuvier for this genus. XLI. BLOCH, Natnrgeschichte der Ansl'dndischen fischc, \"1, VII, 1792, 1793- Mark Elieser Bloch. Anthias Bloch, VI, 97, 1792; tyjie Lauku.'^ antihas L. = .\NTinAs SACER Bloch. Unquestioned. Aylopon Rafincsquc is a substitute name, Anthias being said to be preoccupied. Wc do not find it so. Antuia, a genus of Beetles, dates from 1801. ROSE, 1793 51 Epinephelus Hloch, \ll. 11, 1793; type Epinephelus marginalis Hloch = Perca kasciata Forskal, by general consent. The Kcnus Epinephklus was based on E. afer, E. marginai-is, E. merka, and E. RUBEK. Marcinaus and merra arc congeneric, and belong to the great group called Epinephelus by Gill, Blecker, and nearly all recent authors. Of these, MARCiNALis is typical. The species named first, afer, has been on that account chosen as type by Fowler, 1907. This species was separated as the type of .Xlph- estes by Bloch & Schneider. rSoi. Ruber was named as type by Jordan & Gilbert, 1883. This species under another name ( acutirostris Cuv. & Val.) became the type of Parepinephelus Blecker, 1875. Justice and convenience are best served by retaining the name Epinephelus for its chief components, as understood by nearly all authors. Otherwise the genus would stand as Cerna Bonaparte, 1837, unless, with Fowler, we recognize Epinephelus gicas (Perca cigas) L. as the type of Serranus Cuvier, 1817, a change we think unnecessary. If the subgenera of For- skil, with .Vrabic names, are recognized, Epinephelus must give place to Daba. Gymnocephalus Bloch, \II, 24. 1793; type Perca schr^etzer L., equiv- alent to Cernua Schaefer, Acerina Cuvier, and Cernua Fleming. Johnius P.loch, VII, 132, 1793: type Johnmus carutta Bloch, as re- stricted by Gill. Lonchiui^s Bloch, \'l], 143, 1793: ty[ie Lonchiurus barbatus Bloch, 1793 = Perca lanceoi^ta Bloch, 1788. Monntypic. Corrected by later writers to Lonchurus. Cataphractus Bloch, VII, 80, 1793; type Silurus callichthys L. as here restricted. A synonym of Callichthys. XLII. ROSE, Petri Artcdi .-Ingermannia-Sueci Synonymia Nominum Piscium etc. Greifswald. Edition II, 1793. Anton Ferdinand Rose. This article, published as a supplement to W'albaum's Artedi Piscium, enumerates the generic names of Artedi and others, the species in their original polynomial form. In an Appendix are given a few new generic names, mostly taken from Aristotle. These genera are not described, nor are their species named, but the synonymy is fully given. Some of them had been already used by other authors. In our judgment, these names arc eligible, and a few maintain jiriority of date. Phycis Rose. 1 1 1 ; type qnmlt; Aristotle, Pii vcis tinca Bloch & Schneider. G.\DUS BI.ENNIOIDES Briinnich. This is identical with Plivris Bloch & Schneider. 1801 ; the latter, hut not the former, antedated by Piivcis Fahricius. 1798, a genus of In.sccts. Phycis Rose re- places Emphvcus Jordan & Evermann, 189S. 52 THE GENERA OF FISHES Cicla Rose, 112; type "Cicla vix palmaris" Rose, xi/Xt] Aristotle, a species of Labrus, perhaps L. viridis L. Cicla Klein is identical with that of Rose. Schneider, more correctly, wrote the word Cichla, but applied it to a different group. Sphyrxna Rose, 112; type acpiigaiva Aristotle = Esox sPHYRyENA L. This antedates Sphyr«na Bloch & Schneider, 1801, for the same genus. Hepatus Rose, 113; type fjjiaTog Aristotle, which is probably Labrus hepatus L., the type of the genus Paracentropristis Bleaker. Hepatus Gronovv is wholly different. Capriscus Rose, 114; type xoutQiaxog Diphili, xdbtQog Aristotle, which is probably Balistes capriscus L. A synonym of Balistes L. Taenia Rose, 114; type taivia Aristotle ^ Cepola t^nia L. The genus is equivalent to Cepola L., and is preoccupied in Worms by T^NIA L. Pholis Rose, 116; type qpoXlg Aristotle = Blennius piiolis L. Equivalent to Pholis Cuv. & Val., not of Scopoli, 1777. Citharus Rose, 116; type xi-ftdpoi; Aristotle ^ Pleuronectus lingua- tula L. Equivalent to Citharus Bleeker, 1862, and Eucitharus Gill, 1888; not Citharus Reinhardt, 1838, which is Hippoglossoides. Liparis Rose, 117; type "Liparis nostras Johnson" ^ Cyclopterus liparis L. Equivalent to Cyclogaster Gronow and Liparis Scopoli. Chelon Rose, 118; type x«^^wv or xi'fMv Aristotle, Cuelon of Gesner, which is probably Mugil chelo Cuv. & Val. Probably equivalent to Ch^nomugil Gill, but the European and American types need further comparison. XLIII. LATHAM, Essay on the various species of Sazv-Fish: Trans- actions of the Linnasan Society of London, 1794. John F. Latham. Pristis Latham, II, 276; type Squalus pristis L. Same as Pristis Linck. XLIV. VAHL, Beskrivelse af en nye Fiskeslaegt: Shrivt. Naturh. Selsk., Kjobenhavn, III, 1794. M. Vahl. Caecula Vahl, III, 2, 149; type C^cula pterygera Vahl. Monotypic. BLOcii, 1795 53 XL\ . l'.L(.)L'H, Nalurgeschicltte dcr AusUindischen 1-ische, Vlll. 1794; IX, 1795- Mark Elieser Block. Platystacus I'.loch, VIII, 52, 1794; type Platystacus cotylephorus lUoch, as usually restricted. Ophicephalus Bloch. X'lll. 137, 1794; type Ophicephalus punctatus Bloch. Unquestioned. Corrected by later writers to Ophiocephalus. Sphagebranchus Bloch, IX, 88, 1795; type Sphagebranchus rostratus Clocli. Monotypic. Gymnothorax Bloch, IX, 83, 1795; type Gvmnothorax mur>cna Bloch = MuR.«NA HELENA L. A synonym of Mur«na L. Gunther, Cat. Fish, VIII, p. 100, 1870, restricts the names to allies of Mur^na afra = Lycodontis McClelland, an arrangement apparently not defensible, as Gymnothorax was plainly a substitute name for MuiLXNA, and must retain the same type, Muii«na Helena L. Synbranchus Bloch, IX, 86, 1795: type Symbranchus marmoratus Bloch. Name corrected by later writers to Symbranchus. Platycephalus Bloch. IX, 96, 1795; type Platycephalus spathula Bloch = CoTTUs INSII>^^TOR Forskal = Callionymits indicu.s L. Unquestioned. Gastrobranchus Bloch, XII, 51, 1797; type Gastroiiranciius cena L. L. GEOFFROY SAINT HILAIRE, Description d'un nouveau Genre de Poisson: Bull. Soc. Sci. Philom., Ill, "An X de la Repub- lique," 1798. fixiENNE GeOFFROY SaINT I llLAIRK. Polypterus St. Hilaire, 97; type Polypterus bichir St. Hilaire. Monotypic. LL RETZIUS, Lampris, En ny Fiskslagt Beskriven: Vet. Acad. Nya Handl., Stockholm, XX, 1799. A. J. Retzius. Lampris Retzius, 91 ; type Zicus guttatus Briinnich = Zeus regius Bonnaterre. suAW, 1799 55 LI I. SHAW, Naturalist's Miscellany, 1799. George Shaw. Trachichthys Shaw, 378; type Tr \ciiu iitmys australis Shaw. Monolypic. LI II. CUV'IER, Leqons d' Anatomic Comparee, 1800. Georges Cuvier. Ovoides Cuvier, i, tab. i ; type Ovoides fasciatus Lacepede = Tetro- DO.V stellatus. After "LES Ovoides Lacepede," 1798. Replaces Arothron Miiller. LIV. LACEPEDE, Histoire Naturclle des Poissons, *vo\. I, 1798; II, 1800. Bernard Germain £tienne de la Ville-sur-Illon, Comte de LACEPiDE (here called "Citoyen La CEPkoE"). The generic names in Volume I, 1798, and Volume II, 1800, to page 160, are nearly all given in French vernacular and are therefore ineli- gible. Scientific forms for most of these were supplied by Dumeril, Zoologie Analytique, 1806, from which work the generic names in ques- tion must be dated. Aodon Lacepede, I, 297. 1798: type Squalus massasa Forskil, as re- stricted by Jordan & Evermann. A shark, perhaps imaginary, with no teeth and with long pectorals. The Latin name Aodon is used, as well as the French "les Aodons." Ovoides (Lacepede), 521, "les Ovoides"; type "l'Ovoide fasce." A front view of Tetraodon stellatus L. Equivalent to Ovoides Cuvier. Spheroides (Lacej^de) Dumeril (i.es Simieroides), II, 22, 1800; type I.I-; Sfheroide titbercui-E Lacepede. A front view of Tetraodon spencleri Bloch. A synonym of Tetraodon as here understood. * Of this work we have hcfore us two reprints, neither with the oriRinal paR- ination. This, however, we are able to (five, through the kindness of Mr. Henry W. Fowler of the .Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, who has supplied us with a complete list of the genera and the pages on which they occur. In the original edition the author styles himself "Citoyen La Ccpede." 56 THE GENERA OF FISHES Macrorhynchus (Lacepede) Dumeril (les Macrorhynques) ; type le Macrorhinque argente Lacepede, Syngnathus argenteus Osbeck. Probably replaces Dicrotus Giinther. Caecilia Lacepede), II, 134, 1800 (les C^cilies) ; type Cecilia bran- deriana Lacepede = Mur^ena c^ca L. Not C-ECiLiA L., a genus of Amphibians. A synonym of Sphagebranchus Bloch. Monopterus (Lacepede), Dumeril, II, 138, 1800 (les Monopteres) ; type Monopterus javanensis Lacepede. Notopterus Lacepede, II, 189, 1800; type Gymnotus kaperat Bonna- terre (Gymnotus notopterus Pallas). Ophisurus Lacepede, II, 195, 1800; type Mur^na serpens L. as re- stricted by Risso, 1826. Triurus Lacepede, II, 20D, 1800; type Triurus bougainvillei Lace- pede, later called Pomatias by Bloch & Schneider. Unidentified. A deep-sea fish, apparently allied to Aulostomatomorpha Alcock, but without ventral fins. Apteronotus Lacepede, II, 208, 1800; type Apteronotus passan Lace- pede = Gymnotus ALBIFRONS L. Must replace Sternarchus Bloch & Schneider. Odontognathus Lacepede, 220, 1800; type Odontognathus muricatus Lacepede. Macrognathus Lacepede, II, 283, 1800; type Ophidium aculeatum L. Replaces Rhynchobdella Bloch & Schneider, with the same type. The name Macrognathus was used by Gronow in 1754 (but not in 1763) to designate the group called Bbxone Cuvier. Comephorus Lacepede, II, 312, 1800: type Callionymus baikalensis Bonnaterre. Monotypic. Rhombus Lacepede, II, 312, 1800; type Stromateus alepidotus L. Preoccupied, replaced by Pei'RILUS Cuvier. Muraenoides Lacepede, 11, 324, 1800; type Blennius mur^noides. Sujef (Blennius gunnellus L.). Equivalent to Pholis Scopoli, 1777. Calliomorus Lacepede, II, 343, 1800; type Callionymus indicus L. Synonym of Platycephalus Bloch. BLOCH & SCHNEIDER, 180I 57 Batrachoides Lacepede, II, 351, 1800; type I? atrachouies tau La- ce pcde. Not Gaous tau L. Because the body is said to be covered with scales, "molles, petitcs, minces, rondes, briincs, bordccs dc blanc et arrosees par unc mucositc tres abondantes," w* cannot identify this genus with the naltcd Gadus tau L., which is identical with the type of Opsancs Rafinesque. Oligopodus Lacepede, II, 511. 1800; type Corypii^na velifera Pallas. Equivalent to Ptehaclis Gronow. Hiatula Lacepede, II, 522, 1800; type Hiatui.a gardeniana Lacepede = Labrus onitis L. = Labrus hiatula L. Not Hiatula Modeer, 1793, a genus of Mollusks. Gives way to Tautoca Cuvier. Taenioides Lacepede, II, 532, 1800; type T^cnioides hermannianus Lacepede. Gobioides Lacepede, II, 576, 1800; type Gomus broussoneti Lacepede, as restricted by Jordan & Everinann, 1898. Gobiomorus Lacepede, II, 583, 1800; type Gobiomorus dormitor Lacepede, as restricted by Jordan. Replaces Puilypnus Bloch & Schneider, 1801. Gobiomoroides Lacepede, II, 592, 1800; type Gobiomoroides pison Lacepede = GoBius pisonis L., a species of Eleotris Gronow. Mnnotypic. Gobiesox Lacepede, II, 595, 1800; type Gobiesox cephalus Lacepede. Monotypic. LV. BLOCH & SCHNEIDER, Systcma IchtUyolo^ia, 1801. Mark Im.ik.skr i'.i.ocii. Edited and extended by Joiia.w Gotti.ob Schneider. Batrachus i'.loch & Schneider, 42; type H.\trachus surinamensis Schneider, as restricted by Jordan & Evermann. The name has been usually applied to the congeners of Gadus tau L., not of Bloch, the group called Opsanus by Rafincsciue. But no ally of the scalcless Gadus tau is placed in Batraciioidf.s by Lacepede or in Batrachus by Schneider, only scaly species being known to cither. Enchelyopus Uloch & Schneider, 50; type, as first restricted, Gadus cimbrius L. (Rhinonemus cimbrius Gill). Not Enchelyopus of Gronow, which is Zoarcf.s Cuvier. nor of Klein, which is TfticuiURUS. 58 THE GENERA OF FISHES Phycis Bloch & Schneider, 56; type Blennius phycis L. (Phycis tinca Bloch & Schneider). Equivalent to Phycis Rose, 1793; not Phycis Fabricius, 1798, a genus of Butterflies. Periophthalmus Bloch & Schneider, 63 ; type Periophthalmus papilio Bloch & Schneider. Eleotris Bloch & Schneider, 65 : type Eleotris Gronow (Gobius pisonis Gmelin ). The name is borrowed from Gronow, whose Eleotris is the Eleotris of Cuvier and subsequent authors. But Eleotris pisonis is indicated by Schneider as "a species of doubtful relations, perhaps a Periophth.^lmus." We let the current arrangement stand, though on shaky foundation, unless the names of Gronow are finally accepted. The genus Eleotris of Bloch & Schneider represents an utter confusion of species, many of them not gobies at all. Brama Bloch & Schneider, 98: type Sparus raji Bloch. Not Brama Klein, which is Abramis Cuvier. Monocentris Bloch & Schneider, 100; type Gasterosteus japonicus Houttuyn. Monotypic. Sphyraena Bloch & Schneider, 109; type Esox sphyr.ena L. Equivalent to Umbla Catesby. Subsequent to Sphyr^na Rose. Trichogaster Bloch & Schneider, 164 ; type Trichogaster fasciatus Bloch & Schneider. Centronotus Bloch & Schneider, 165 ; type Centronotus fasciatus Schneider. A synonym of Pholis Scopoli. Percis Bloch & Schneider, 179; type Percis maculata Schneider. Not Percis Klein nor of Scopoli. Replaced by Parapercis Bleeker. Mono- typic. Trichonotus Bloch & Schneider, 179; type Trichonotus setiger Bloch & Schneider. Monotypic. Monoceros ISloch & Schneider, 180; type Monoceros biaculeatus Bloch & Schneider (Ch.*:todon unicornis Forskal). Name preoccupied in Mollusks. Equivalent to Naso Lacepede. Grammistes Bloch & Schneider, 182; type Perca sexlineata Thun- berg. A jumble of striped fishes, restricted by Cuvier to the Grammistes of Seba, G. sexlineatus. Synanceja Bloch & Schneider, 194; type Scorp^na iiorrida L. By common consent. Commonly written Synanceia. BLOCH & SCHNEIDER, 180I 59 Amphiprion Bloch & Schneider, 200; type Lutjanus ephippium Bloch. Amphacanthus Bloch & Schneider, 206; type Ch.etodon guttatus Bloch. Equivalent to Teuthis L. as restricted = Siganus ForskSI. Alphestes Bloch & Schneider, 236; type Alphestfs afer Bloch & Sclineider. Cephalopholis Bloch & Schneider, 311; type Cephalopholis argus Bloch & Schneider. Mi)notypic. Replaces Enneacentrus Gill. Calliodon Bloch & Schneider, 312; type Calliodon lineatus Bloch & Schneider (Scarus croicensis Bloch). Equivalent to Caixvodon Gronow. Cichla Bloch & Schneider, 336; type Cichla oceli,aris Bloch & Schneider as restricted by Heckel, 1840. Name to be changed if Cicla Klein is eligible. Rhina Bloch & Schneider, 353; type Riiina ancylostomus Bloch & Schneider. Not of Klein; equivalent to Rhamphobatis Gill. Rhinobatus Bloch & Schneider, 353; type Raja riiinobatus Forskal. Equivalent to Rhinobatos Linck. Anableps I'doch & Schneider, 389 ; type Anableps tetrophthalmus Bloch & Schneider (Cobitis anableps L.). Equivalent to Anableps Gronow and of Scopoli. Synodus Bloch & Schneider, 396; type Esox synodus L. Replaces Salrus Cuvier. Chauliodus Bloch & Schneider, 430; type Chauliodus sloani Schneider. Albula Bloch & Schneider, 433 ; type Albula conoriivnchus Schneider (Esox vulpes L.). Albula Gronow. Not Albula Osbeck. To stand as Butvrinus Laccpede, if Osbcck's names are accepted. Poecilia lUoch & Schneider, 453; type FdcciLiA vivipara Bloch & Schneider. By common consent. Polyodon (Lacepcde) lUoch & Schneider, 457; tyite "i.e Poi.ydon FEiriLLi:" Laccpede, i7<>8= Squalus spatiiula VValbaum. Rhynchobdella Bloch & .Schneider, 479; type Rhynciiobdki.la orient- Ai.is l'>loch & Schneider =:OpniDiUM aculeatum Bloch. As restricted by Cuvier. A synonym of MACRfxiNATJius Lacepedc, 1800. Sternarchus Bloch & Schneider, 497; type Gy.mnotus aldikrons L. A synonym of Aptfjionotus Laccpede, 1800. 60 THE GENERA OF FISHES Orthagoriscus Bloch & Schneider, (misprinted Orthragoriscus), 510; type DiODON mola (Bloch). Equivalent to Mola Kcelreuter. Bogmarus Bloch & Schneider, 518; type Bogmarus islandicus Bloch & Schneider (Gymnogaster arcticus Briinnich). A synonym of Trachipterus Gouan. Monotypic. Gymnonotus Bloch & Schneider, 521 ; type Gymnotus carapo L. (cor- rected spelling for Gymnotus). Ovum Bloch & Schneider, 530; type Ovum commersoni Bloch & Schneider = "l'Ovoide fasce, Lacepede, 1798. Monotypic. Equivalent to Ovoides Cuvier. Ovum Martin, 1764, is recorded by Sherborne as a "vernacular name only." Typhlobranchus Bloch & Schneider, 537; type Typhlobranchus spur- lus Bloch & Schneider. Monotypic, not identified. A river eel of Tropical America, without gill- openings. Doubtless a synonym of Symbranchus. Gnathobolus Bloch & Schneider, 556; type Odontognathus mucro- N..\TUS Lacepede. Equivalent to Odontognathus. Pomatias Bloch & Schneider, 559; type Triurus bougainvillei Lace- pede. Equivalent to Triurus. Fluta Bloch & Schneider, 565 ; type Monopterus javanensis Lacepede. Equivalent to Monopterus. Like the two preceding, a needless substitute name. LVL LACEPEDE, Histoire Naturelle des Poissons, vol. Ill, 1802; IV and V, 1803. Bernard Germain Lacepede. Scomberoides Lacepede, III, 50, 1802; type Scomberoides commerson- i.\.\i;.s Lacepede (Scomber lysan Forskal). Caranx Lacepede, III, 57, 1S02; type Scomber carangus Bloch = Caranx hippos L., as restricted by Bleeker, the first reviser. The generic name Caran.x was taken by Lacepede from the manuscripts of Commerson, who first applied the name to Scomber speciosus Forskal. In revising the genus, Bleeker referred speciosus to a new genus, Gnathanodon. This view Dr. Gill accepted at first, but later selected speciosus as the type of Caranx, leaving some older name as Tricropterus Rafincsque or Carangus Griffith for the bulk of the species of this extensive group. Later, by the process of elimination, Caranx ruber was selected 1>y Jordan as type of Caranx. On the whole it seems LACEPfeDE, 1803 61 most just, as it is certainly most convenient, to recognize the right of Blceker as "first reviser." Caranx carancus is congeneric with C. ruber. Trachinotus Lacepede, III. 78, 1802; type Scomber falcatus Forskal. Caranxomorus Lacepede, III, 82, 1802; type Scomber pelagicus L. Synonym of Corvph;ena L. Caesio Lacepede, III, 85, 1802; type CiCSio c^ruleoaureus Lacepede. Caesiomorus Lacepede, III, 92, 1802; type C^siomouus baiixoni Lace- l>c(ie. Genus probably valid ; equivalent to Glaoci;s Klein. Coins Lacepede, III, 96, 1802; type CoRis aygula Lacepede. Gomphosus Lacepede, III, 100, 1802; type Gompiiosus c.eruleus Lacef)cde. Naso Lacepede, III, 105, 1802; type Ch^etodon fronticornis L. Adopted from Commcrson ms. Commcrson writes Naseus, but the form Naso occurs first. Identical with Monockkos Bloch & Schneider, the latter pre- occupied. Kyphosus Lacepede, III, 114, 1802; type Kyphosus bigibbus Lacepede. Osphronemus Lacepede, III, 116, 1802; type Osphro.nemus gouramy [-acepede. Written Osphromenus by Giinther. Trichopodus Lacepede, III, 125, 1802; type Triciiopodus mentum Lacepede (Osphronemus gouramy Lacepede). Monodactylus Lacepede, III, 131, 1802; type Monodactyi.us falci- form is Lacepede. Called PsETTUs by Commcrson in nis. as quoted by Lacepede. Monotypic. Plectorhinchus Lacepede, III, 134, 1802; type Pi.ectorhinchus cii.utodonoides Lacepede. Monotypic. Replaces Diagram ma Cuvicr. Pogonias Lacepede, III, 137; type Pogonias fasciatus Lacepede := Labrus cromis Lacepede. Bostrychus Lacepede, III. 144, 1802: type Bostryciius sinensis Lace- pede. Not Bostrichus Geoffroy 1762, a genus of Insects. Replaced by Bostrich- Titvs Dumcril, 1806. by PsiLUS Fischer, 1813, and by Ictiopocon Rafinesque, 1815. Bostrychoides Lacepede, III, 144, 1802: type Bostrychoides oculatus Lacepede. Monotypic. Hcmipteronotus Lacepede, III, 214. 1802; type He.mipteronotus quin- QUEMACULATUS LaCCpcde (CoRYPH.«NA PENTADACTYI.A Gmciin). 62 THE GENERA OF FISHES Coryphaenoides Lacepede, III, 219, 1802; type Coryph^noides hout- TUYxi Lacepede (Corypii.ena japonica Houttuyn). Not CoRYPH^NOiDES Gunner. Replaced by Branchiostegus Rafinesque, 1815, which is earlier than Latilus Cuvier & Val., 1830. Aspidophorus Lacepede, III, 221, 1802; type Aspidophorus armatus Lacepede ( Cottus cataphractus Lacepede). Equivalent to Agonus Bloch & Schneider. Aspidophoroides Lacepede, III, 227, 1802; type Aspidophoroides tranquebar Lacepede (Agonus monopterygius Bloch & Schneider). Scomberomorus Lacepede, III, 292, 1802; type Scomberomorus plumieri Lacepede (Scomber regalis Bloch). Centropodus Lacepede, III. 303, 1802; type Scomber rhombeus For- skal. A synonym of Monodactvlus Lacepede. Centronotus Lacepede, III, 309, 1802; type Centronotus conductor Lacepede (Gasterosteus ductor Lacepede). Not Centronotus Bloch & Schneider, 1801 (Pholis Scopoli). Replaced by Naucrates Rafinesque. Lepisacanthus Lacepede, III, 320, 1802; type Lepisacanthus japon- icus Lacepede (Gasterosteus japonicus L.). Equivalent to Monocentris Bloch & Schneider, 1801. Monotypic. Cephalacanthus Lacepede, III, 323, 1802; type Ga.sterosteus spina- rella L. The young of some species of Dactvlopterus. Monotypic, Dactylopterus Lacepede, III, 325, 1802; type Dactyi.opterus pirapeda Lacepede (Trigla volitans L.). Equivalent to Cephalacanthus Lacepede. Prionotus Lacepede, III, 336, 1802; type Prionotus evoi.ans Lacepede. Monotypic. Peristedion Lacepede, III, 368, 1802; type Peristedion mai.ar.mat Lacepede (Trigla cataphracta L.). Monotypic. Istiophorus Lacepede, III, 374, 1802; type Scomber ge.vdius Brous- sonet. Monotypic. Spelled Histiophorus by Cuvier. Apogon Lacepede, III, 411, 1802; type Apogon ruber Lacepede (Mui.- i.us imberbis L.). Monotypic. Equivalent to Amia Gronow. LACEPfeOE, 1803 63 Macropodus Lacepcde, III, 416, 1802; type Macropodus vihidiauratus Lacepede. Monotypic. Chcilinus Lacepede, III, 529, 1802; type Cheilinus tri!X)Batus Lace- pede. Monotypic. Cheilodipterus Lacepede, III, 539, 1802; type Ciikii.odipterus i.iNKATUs Lacepede = Cm Kii.oDii'TKRUs oct(jvittatus Ctiv Hi V'al.. as restricted by Cuv. & Val. Hologymnosus Lacepede, III, 556, 1802; type Holo<;ymnosi;s fas- ciatus Lacepede (Coris annui.atu.s Lacepede, 1802). Eqiiiv.Tlcnt to Coris. Ostorhinchus Lacepede, IV', 23, 1803; type Ostorhinciius fi.eurii'.U Lacepede. Monoiypic; subpenus of Apocon. Dipterodon Lacepede, IV, 165, 1803: type DiPTEROtx)N mexacantiius Lacepede. A species of Apocon, as restricted l)y Jord;iii &• F.v< riii.inn. Pishrx North Mid Amcr.. 1106. Not Dipterodon Cuvicr. Centropomus Lacepede, IV, 248, 1803; type S( i.ena undecimai.is Hloch. by common consent, as restricted by Cuvier. OriKin.nlly a peculiarly confused jumble of species. Taenianotus Lacepede, IV, 303, 1803; type T^enionotus TRiACANriin.s Lacepede, restricted by Cuv. & Val., Hist. Poiss., IV, 371. Micropterus Lacepede. IV, 324. 1803; type Mi( koi-tkru.s doi.omiivii Lacepede. Monotypic. Harpe Lacepede, IV, 426, 1803: type H.vrpe c.i;ri;i.eoaureu.s Lacfpi'df ( Lai'.kus rufus L. ). A synonym of Bodianus Bloch and of HKt.ops Browne. Pimelepterus Lacepede, IV, 429, 1803: type Pi.mei.epterus bosci I^ce- jit'de. Monotypic. A synonym of Kyphosus Lacepede. Cheilio Lacepede, IV, 432, 1803: type CiiEit.io ai'ratii.s lacepede (Larrus iner.mis Forskal). Pomatomus Lacepede, IV', 435, 1803; type Pomatomus .skir I^rep«'ik- ( Perca saltatrix L. ). Monotypic. The name afterwards improperly transferred by Ctivirr lo a genus of Apogonid^e, Epiconus Rafinesque. 64 THE GENERA OF FISHES Leiostomus Lacepede, IV, 438, 1803; type Leiostomus xanthurus Lacepede. Monotypic. Centrolophus Lacepede, IV, 441 ; type Perca nigra L. Leiognathus Lacepede, IV, 448; type Leiognathus argenteus Lace- pede (Scomber edentulus Bloch). Monotypic. Prior to Equula Cuvier. Acanthinion Lacepede, IV, 499, 1803 ; type Ch^todon rhomboides L. Equivalent to Trachinotus. Chaetodipterus Lacepede, IV, 503 ; type Ch^todipterus plumieri Lace- pede (Zeus faber Gmelin). Monotypic. Pomacentrus Lacepede, IV, 505, 1803; type Ch^todon pavo Bloch. By general consent. Pomadasys Lacepede, IV, 515, 1803; type Sci.^na argentea Forskal. Monotypic. Prior to Pristipoma Cuvier. Pomacanthus Lacepede, IV, 517, 1803; type Ch^etodon arcuatus L., as restricted by Cuvier. Holacanthus Lacepede, IV, 525, 1803; type Ch^etodon tricolor L., as restricted by Cuvier. Enoplosus (White) Lacepede, IV, 540, 1803; type Ch.etodon armatus White. Monotypic. Glyphisodon Lacepede, IV, 542, 1803; type Glyphisodon moucharra Lacepede (Cii^todon saxatilis L.). Equivalent to Abudefduf Forskal. Usually written Glyphidodon. Aspisurus Lacepede, IV, 556, 1803; type Ch^todon sohar Forskal. Monotypic. Equivalent to Acanthurus Forskal, Teuthis L. Acanthopodus Lacepede, IV, 558, 1803; type Acanthopodus argen- teus Lacepede (Monodactylus falciformis Lacepede). A synonym of Monodactylus. Selene Lacepede, IV, 560, 1803 ; type Selene argentea Lacepede (Zeus vomer Cuvier). Argyreiosus Lacepede, IV, 566, 1803; type Zeus vomer L. Monotypic. A synonym of Selene. Gallus Lacepede, IV, 583, 1803; type Callus virescens Lacepede (Zeus callus L.). Monotypic. Not Gallus L., a genus of hens. Replaced by Alectis Rafin- esque and Gallichthys Cuvier. LACEPiDE, 1803 65 Chrysotosus Lacepede, IV, 586, 1803 ; type Zeus luna Gmelin. A synonym of Lamfris. Monotypic. Capros Lacepede, IV, 590, 1803; type Zeus aper L. Mcinotypic. Achirus Lacepede, IV, 658, 1803; type Pleuronectes achirus L. As fixed by Jordan & Gilbert, 1883. Achirus fasciatus Lacepede was wrongly supposed to be identical with Pleuronectes achirus L. Makaira Lacepede, IV, 688, 1803; type Maiomra nigricans Lacepede. M Allotypic. A synonym of Istiophorus. Cirrhitus Lacepede, V, 2, 1803; type Cirrhitus maculatus Lacepede. Monotypic. Written Cirrhites by Cuvier. Cheilodactylus Lacepede, V, 5, 1803; type Cheilodactylus fasciatus Lacepede. Monotypic. Misgurnus Lacepede, V, 16, 1803 ; type Cobitis fossilis L. .MiiiKJtypic. Fundulus Lacepede, V, 37, 1803; tyiie Fundulus mudfish Lacepede (Cobitis heteroclita Gmelin). Colubrina Lacepede, \', 40, 1803; type Colubrina chinensis Lacepede. .•\n unidentified Chinese painting, probably fictitious. Butyrinus Lacepede, V, 45, 1803 ; type Butyrinus banana Lacepede (Esox vulpes L.). Equivalent to Albula of Gronow and of Schneider, not Albula Osbeck. Should apparently replace Alsula Gronow. Tripteronotus Lacepede, V, 47, 1803; type Tripteronotus iiautin Laceiicde (Salmo lavaretus L.). Mutilated example. Equivalent to Coreconus L. Ompok Lacepede, V, 49, 1803; type Ompok siluroides Lacepede. Replaces tAr.i.iciiROUS Hamilton. Macropteronotus Lacepede, V, 84, 1803; type Macropteronotus ciiARMUTii Lacepede (Silurus an<;uillaris L.). Identical with Clarias Gronow. Malapterurus Lacepede, V, 90, 1803; type Sii.urus f.j f.ctricus L. Monotypic. A synonym of Torpedo ForskSl. Pimelodus Lacepede, V, 93, 1803; type I'i.mki.odus mahm.atus Lace- pede. As restricted by Cuvier, Gill and authors. Doras Lacepede, V, 116, 1803; type Silurus carinatus L. Pogonathus Lacepede, V, 120, 1803; type Pogonathus courbina Lace- pede. Identical with Pogonias Lacepide, 1803. 66 THE GENERA OF FISHES Plotosus Lacepede, V, 129, 1803; type Platystacus anguillaris Bloch (SiLURUS anguillaris Forskal). Ageneiosus Lacepede, V, 132, 1803; type Ageneiosus armatus Lace- pede (SiLURUS MILITARIS L.). Macrorhamphosus Lacepede, V, 136, 1803 ; type Silurus cornutus L. Equivalent to Centriscus Cuvier, not of Linnaeus. Centranodon Lacepede, V, 138, 1803; type Centranodon japonicus Lacepede (Silurus imberbis Houttuyn) =Callionymus in- DICUS L. Monotypic and unidentifiable, perhaps based on rough notes of Platy- CEPHALUS. Hypostomus Lacepede, V, 144, 1803; type Hypostomus guacari Lace- pede (Loricaria plecostomus L.). Monotypic. Identical with Plecostomus Gronow. Corydoras Lacepede, V, 147, 1803; type Corydoras geoffroy Lace- pede (Cataphractus punctatus Bloch). Tachysurus Lacepede, V, 150, 1803; type Tachysurus sinensis Lace- pede. A Chinese picture of some species of Arius Cuvier, which name it replaces, if identifiable. Osmerus Lacepede, V, 229, 1803 ; type Salmo eperlanus L. Equivalent to Osmeri L. Coregonus Lacepede, V, 239, 1803; type Salmo lavaretus L. Equivalent to Coregoni L. Characinus Lacepede, V, 269, 1803 ; type Salmo gibbosus L. Equivalent to Characini L. and to Charax Gronow, Scopoli. Serrasalmus Lacepede, V, 283, 1803; type Salmo rhombeus L. Monotypic. Written Sersasalmo by Cuvier. Megalops Lacepede, V, 289, 1803; type Mecalops filamentosus Lace- pede. Monotypic. Lepisosteus Lacepede, V, 331, 1803; type Lepisosteus gavialis Lace- fjede (Esox osseus L.). Usually written Lepidosteus. Scomberesox Lacepede, V, 344, 1803 ; type Scomberesox cam peri Lace- pede (Esox SAURUS Walbaum). Monotypic. Aulostomus Lacepede, V, 356, 1803; type Aulostomus chinensis Lacepede (Fistularia chinensis L. ). Monotypic. Usually written Aulostoma. LACEPfeDE, 1803 67 Solenostomus Lacepede, \', 360, 1803; type Fistularia parauoxa Pallas. Monotypic. Not Solenostomus Gronow nor of Klein. Hydrargira Lacepede, V, 378, 1803; type Hydrargira swampina Lace- pede ( Fu.N'uui.us MAjAi.is Walbaum). U.sually written Hvdrarcvra. Monotypic, Not separable from Fundulus. Stolephorus Lacepede, V, 381, 1803; type Atherina japonica Hout- luyn (Spr.\telloides ar(iyrot.i;nia Bleeker). Restriction of Jordan & Everniann. 1896. The first species named by Lacepede, Atherina japonica Houttuyn, was un- known to him, and very scantily and incorrectly described by its discoverer. Sev- eral authors — Bleeker, Jordan & Evermann — have assumed this species to be the type, and that it was congeneric with the second species named, from which La- cepede drew up his generic description and of which he gave a figure. Study of the fauna of Nagasaki shows that no species of the modern genus Stolephorus has been yet found there and that the Atherina japonica of Hout- tuyn is most likely a description from rough notes or from memory of Spratel- lx>iDES ARGVROT.eNiA Bleeker. Atherina japonica was the first species to be for- mally named as type of Stolephorus. It would have been more convenient to assume the one species known to Lacepede to be his type, reverting to the system of Bleeker, who first acted on this supposition but who named no type formally. In that case Stolephorus would become the equivalent of Anchoviella Fowler, 191 1. Meniuia Browne, if available, would replace both. But it is necessary here as elsewhere to recognize the first formally stated type. If this is regarded as identifiable Stolephorus replaces Spratelloides. Mugiloides Lacepede, V, 393, 1803; type Mugiloides chilensis Lace- pede (Esox chilensis Molina). Replaces Pincuipes Cuv. & Val, Chanos Lacepede, V, 395, 1803; type Chanos arabicus Lacepede (MUGIL CHANOS L.). Moiintypic Mugilomorus Lacepede, \, 397, 1803; type Mugilomoru.s anna-caro- LiNA Lacepede (Elops saurus L.). Synonym of Elops L, Polydactylus Lacepede, \', 419, 1803; type 1'oi.ydactylus plumieri Lacepede (Polynemus virginicus L.). As understood by us at present, a synonym of Polynemus L. Buro (Commcrson) Lacepede, V, 421, 1803; type Buro brunneus Lacepede (Teuthis hex agon atus Bleeker). Monotypic. Same as Sicanus, Mystus lacepede, V, 466, 1803; type Mystus ci.upeoides Lacepede (Ci.uPKA mystus L. ), a species of Coilia Gray. The name Mystus is preoccupied. 68 THE GENERA OF FISHES Clupanodon Lacepede, V, 468, 1803; type Clupea thrissa L. As restricted by Rafinesque, 1815, through substitution for Clupanodon the more euphonious name of Thrissa. The name Clupanodon has been variously treated. It should properly replace Konosirus Jordan & Snyder, although La- cepede's account of "Clupanodon thrissa" is taken mainly from the West Indian "Caillieu-Tassart," Ophisthonema oglinum (Le Sueur), the Clupea thrissa of Broussonet, but not of Linnaeus. Mene Lacepede, V, 479, 1803; type Mene anna-carolina Lacepede (Zeus maculatus Bloch), Mene maculata of authors. Monotypic. Dorsuarius Lacepede, V, 482, 1803: type Dorsuarius nigrescens Lace- pede. A species of Kyphosus Lacepede. Monotypic. Xyster Lacepede, V, 484, 1803; type Xyster fuscus Lacepede. Equivalent to Kyphosus. Monotypic. Cyprinodon Lacepede, V, 486, 1803; type Cyprinodon variegatus Lacepede. Monotypic. Muraenophis Lacepede, V, 627, 1803; type Mur.«;na Helena Lacepede. Equivalent to Mur-ena L. Gymnomuraena Lacepede, V, 648, 1803; type GymnomuRvCNa doliata Lacepede. As first restricted by Kaup, 1856. Bleeker and Giinther have used G. marmo- RATA Lacepede as type, thus replacing Uropterygius Ritppell. A synonym of Echidna. Muraenoblenna Lacepede, V, 652, 1803; type Mur^noblenna olivacea Lacepede. A synonym of Myxine L. Monotypic. Unibranchapertura Lacepede, V, 656, 1803; type Symbranchus mar- MORATUS Bloch. A synonym of Symbranchus. LVn. SEWASTIANOFF, Acarauna, Piscium Thoracices, 1796 (1802). Acarauna Sewastianoff, 357 ; type Acarauna longirostris Sewastian- off (GoMPHOsus CvERULEUs Laccpede). Equivalent to Gomphosus Lacepede, and apparently of later date. Not seen by us. COMMERSON, 1803 69 LVIII. COMMERSON, Lacepcde, Histoire Naturelle des Poissotts, II, 1798; III, 1800: IV, V, 1803. Philibert Commerson. Commerson was an active and accurate naturalist-explorer who col- lected .nainly in the South Seas. Mis specimens were accompanied by manuscript names, polynomial in form. The author had a full grasp of the meaning of "genus," as he spoke sometimes of a "genus novissi- mum," Xyster, for example. Many of his generic names were adopted by Lacepede and have found their way into the system. The others are here enumerated. These have been formally accepted as eligible by the International Commission (Opinions 23 and 24 as to Antennarius and Aspro). We think that this decision might well be reconsidered as Commerson was not "binomial" and his names were not adopted by the author who first printed them as synonyms. The names of Commerson may be ineligible as not binomial as to species and not accepted by the author who published them. Accepted provisionally by the International Commission. Antennarius Commerson, I, 327, 1798, footnote; type Antennarius BIVERTEX TOTUS ATER PUNCTO MEDIORUM, LATERUM ALBO Commcr- son (in foot-note) = Lophi us commersonianus Lacepede. Equivalent to Chironectes Cuvier and Antennarius Cuvicr. Regarded as eligible, in Opinion 24, International Commission. Alticus Commerson, II, 458, 1800, footnote under Blennius; type Alticus saltatorius pinna spuria in capite vertice, Blennius SALiENS Lacepede. Accepted by Jordan & Scale, Fishes Samoa, 421, 1806. Equivalent to Rupis- CARTES Swainson, Cuv. & Val., XI, 337, 1836, adopted the name Salarias alticus for the Blennius saliens, "un petit Salarias qui nous parait etre celui-la mcmc pour Icqucl Commerson a etabli son genre, Alticus." Sciaenus Commerson, III, footnote under Caranxomorus; type Sci^nus EX Fusco c,«rui.i:.s( ENS : Caranxomorus sacrestinus Lacepede, Labrus furcatus Lacepede. Identical with Aphareus Cuv. & Val., the name apparently a variant of Sci- MN^, Apparently ineligible. Naseus Commerson, III, 105, under Naso; type Naseus frontkoknis Fuscus Commerson (CiiyETODON fronticornis L.). Equivalent to Naso Lacepede, Naseus Cuv. & Val. 70 THE GENERA OF FISHES Coryphus Commerson, III, 1802, footnote under Coryph.^jna ; type CoRYPHUS CHRYSURUS UNDiQUE DEAURATUS etc. Commerson, CORYPH^NA CHRYSURUS Lacepedc, CORYPH^NA HIPPURUS L. Same as Coryph^na. Elops Commerson, III, 100, 1802, footnote under Gomphosus; type GoMPHOsus TRICOLOR Lacepede. Equivalent to Acarauna Sewastianoff or to Gomphosus Lacepede. Psettus Commerson, III, 1802, footnote under Monodactylus ; type PSETTUS SPINIS PINNARUM VENTRALIUM LOCO DUABUS CommerSOn (Monodactylus falciformis Lacepede). Revived by Cuvier & Valenciennes. A synonym of Monodactylus Lacepede. Not Psettus Klein. Odax Commerson, III, 1802, footnote under Scarus ; type Odax odon Commerson = ScARUS chadri Lacepede = Scarus nicer Forskal. Monotypic. Equivalent to Callyodon Gronow. If the names of Commerson are accepted, Odax Cuvier requires a new name. Mylio Commerson, III, 131, 1802, footnote under Sparus ; type Mylio LiNEis LONGiTUDiNAHBUS PLURiBus Commerson Ms. = Sparus mylio Lacepede = Ch.etodon bifasciatus Bloch. I'^quivalent to Sparus L. Aspro Commerson, IV, 273, 1803, footnote; type Aspro dorso diptery- Gio dentibus raris, et longis et exsertis etc. Commerson Ms. = Ciieilodipterus macrodon Lacepede, as restricted by Jordan, Opinion 23, Zoolgical Nomenclature, 56, 1910. A synonym of Cheilodipterus as now restricted. Not Aspro Cuvier. Opisotomus Commerson, IV, 1803, footnote. We liave been unable to find this name. Zanclus Commerson, V, 1803, footnote under Ch^todon (misprinted Zanchus) ; type Zanclus transverse fasciatus Commerson Ms. = CHiETODON CORNUTUS IJlocll. Monotypic. Revived by Cuvier & Valenciennes, VII, 102, 1831. Oculeus Commerson, V, 289, 1803, footnote under Megalops ; type OCULEUS SEU MEGALOPS POSTKEMO PINN/E CtC. CommcrSOn (Megalops cyprinoides Lacepede). I'xjuivalent to Mixalops. Aulus Commerson, V, 1803, footnote under Fistularia ; type Aulus urognomon etc., Fistularia tabacaria L. Equivalent to Fistularia. PLUMIER, 1803 71 Encrasicholus Commerson, V, 382, 1803, footnote under Clupea; type EnCRASICHOLUS MANDIUULA INFERIORF. BREVIORE, T.liNIA LATERA1.I ARGENTEA Commerson (Clupea vittargentea Lacepcde). Equivalent to Anchoviella Fowler (Menidia Browne). Ptericht! us Commerson, V, 401, 1803, footnote under Exoccetus; type ■■rXERICHTllUS PINNIS PECTORAI.IBUS RADIORUM SEXDECIM VKN- TRAI.IBUS INTRA CORPORIS -EQUILIBRIUM NEQUIDEM AD ANUM APICE PERTINGENTIBUS." As indicated by Laccpede, this species, the one placed first by Commerson. seems to be Exoccetus volitans L. A synonym of Exoccetus. Halex Commerson, V, 462, 1803, footnote under Clupea; type Halex coRPORE LATE CATHETEPLATEG etc. Commcrson, Clupea fasciata Lacepcde, a species of Leiognathus Lacepede. LIX. PLUMIER, Lacepcde, llistoire Naturelle des Poissons, II, 1798; III, 1800; IV, V, 1803. Charles Plumier. Le Pere Plumier, a missionary in Martinique, sent to Lacepede num- erous paintings of fishes with descriptions and manuscript names. The generic names used rest on exactly the same basis as those of Commer- son. As they were polynomial and as they were not accepted by tiie author who published them in synonymy, we think that they should not be con- sidered eligible in scientific nomenclature, a matter which awaits final decision. The names probably not acceptable, as polynomial and as not adopted by the author who printed them. Orbis Plumier, II, 504, 1800, in footnote under Tetraoiwn ; type Orbls MINIMUS Plumier = Tetr.\odon plumieri Lacepede = Tetr.^odo.n- spengleri Bloch. A synonym of Tetraodon. Monoceros Plumier, II, 1800. in footnote under Balistes; type MoNO- cERos Piscis cLUsii Plumier. Probably same as Monacantiius ciliatus L. Equivalent to Monocanthus Cuvier. Not Monoceros Zimmcrmann, 1780, a genus of Gasteropods ; not Mono- ceros Bloch & Schneider, 1801. Asellus Plumier, III, 1802, footnote under Gobiomorus; type Asellus palustris Plumier ( Platycepiiai.us iwrmitator Hloch & Schneider. Identical with Gobiomorus Lacepcde, as restricted Piiilypnus Cuvier. 72 THE GENERA OF FISHES Pelamis Plumier, III, 1802, footnote under Scomberoides ; type Pel- amis MINIMA, vuLGO SAUTEUR Plumier (Scomber saliens Bloch). Identical with Oligoplites Gill. Not Pelamys Klein. Trachurus Plumier, III, 1802, footnote under Caranxomorus ; type Trachurus maximus squamis minutissimis Plumier = Car- anxomorus plumierianus Lacepede = Scomber trachurus L. As here restricted, the same as Trachurus Rafinesque, 1810. Scorpius Plumier, III, 1802, footnote under Scorp.ena ; type Scorpius NIGER cornutus Plumier (Scorp^na plumieri Lacepede). The name may be available for the subgenus of Scorp.ena, having the breast scaly (Parascorp^na Bleeker). In the European type of Scorp.«:na, Scor- p^NA PORCUS L., the breast is scaleless. Sarda Plumier, III, 141, 1802, footnote under Sparus ; type Sarda CAUDA AUREA ET LUNATA Plumier (Sparus chrysurus Bloch). Equivalent to Ocyurus Gill. Not Sarda Cuvier, which requires a new name if the generic names of Plumier are accepted. Monotypic. Er}7thrinus (Eritrinus) Plumier, IV, 347; type Erythrinus poly- gram mos, Marignan apud caraibas Plumier (Honocentrus SOGO Bloch). A synonym of Holocentrus ; name preoccupied. Elsewhere written Eritrinu.s. Chrysomelanus Plumier, IV, 160, 1803, footnote under Sparus; type Chrysomelanus piscis Plumier, Sparus chrysomelanus Lace- pede, Anthias striatus Bloch. A synonym of Epinephelus. Aper Plumier, IV, 1803, footnote under Sparus; type Aper seu turdus erythrinus, squamis amplis Plumier (Sparus abildgaardi Lacepede). A synonym of Callyodon Gronow. Name preoccupied. Guaperva Plumier, IV, footnote under Selene; type Guaperva marc- gravii, vulgo la lune Plumier (Selene argentea Lacepede). Identical with Selene. Sargus Plumier, IV, 166, footnote under Dipterodon ; type Sargus ex auro virgatus Plumier (Dipterodon plumieri Lacepede = Sparus synagris L. Same as Negm-enis Girard. Not Sargus Klein nor Cuvier. Not Sargus Fabricius, about 1798, a genus of flies. Pagrus Plumier, IV, 1803, footnote under Bodianus; type Pagrus I.EUCOPII^US VULGO VIVANET GRIS APUD MARTINICAM Plumicr = BoniANUs VIVANET Laccpede = LuTiANUs griseus (L.). Not Pagrus Cuvier, 1817. Equivalent to Neom^nis Girard ; same as Salpa Catcsby. SHAW, 1803 71 Chromis Plumier, III, 546, 1803, footnote under Cheilodipterus; type ClIROMIS SEU TEMBRA AUREO-C-tRUI-EA LITTURIS I-USCA VARIEGATA Plumier (Cheilodipterus cyanopterus Lacepede), the "grygry" or "grogro" of Martinique, Umbrina coroides Cuv. & Val. The name is older than Umbrina, but later than Cromis Browne. The spe- cific name Umbrina cyanoptera (Lacepede), based on Plumier's figure, must re- place COROIDES and broussoneti for this species. Cheloniger Plumier, IV, 542, 1803, footnote under Cheilodipterus; type Cheloniger ex auro et argenteo virgatus Plumier (Cheilodipterus chrysopterus Lac. (Perca nobilis L.). The name Cheloniger, if eligible, has priority over Conodon Cuvier. Cephalus Plumier, V, 1803 ; type Cephalus americanus vulgo atoulri Plumier (Mugil cephalus L.). A synonym of Mugil L. Trichis Plumier, V, 1803, footnote under Clupea alosa; type "Trichis bellonii la pucelle" Plumier. Doubtful, but wrongly identified by Lacepede with Clupea ai^sa L. Acus Plumier, V, 1803, footnote under SPHYR.^LNA; type Acus Ameri- cana, ROSTRi LONGiORi Plumier (Sphyr^na acus Lacepede). Same as Sphyti«na Rose, 179,1. LX. SHAW, General Zoology, or Systematic Natural History, vol. IV, 1803; vol. V, 1804. George Shaw. Anguilla Shaw, IV, 15, 1803; type Anguilla vulgaris Shaw (Mur.ena anguilla L.). The name Anguilla has been ascribed to Thunberg, but we find no notice of its use as a generic term prior to Shaw. Vandellius Shaw, IV, 199, 1803. Needless substitute for Lepidopus Gouan. Trichopus Shaw, IV, 392, 1803: type Trichopus pallasi Shaw (Labrus TRiciioi'TERUs Pallas). Equivalent to Ospbronemus Lacepede. Cephalus Shaw, V, 432, 1804; type Diodon mola L. Equiv.ilcnt to Mola Cuvier. Not Cephalus Plumier. Trachichthys Shaw, IV, 630, 1803; type Trachichthys australis Shaw. 74 THE GENERA OF FISHES Spatularia Shaw, V, 362, 1804; type Spatularia reticulata (Squalus SPATHULA Walbaum). Synonym of Polyodon Lacepede. LXI. HERRMANN, Observationes Zoologies, 1804. JoHANN Herrmann. Notistium Herrmann, 305, 1804; type Notistium gladius Herrmann. Equivalent to Istiophorus Lacepede. LXII. GIORNA, Memoire Sur des Poissons d'Especes Nom:elles et de genres nouveaux: Memoires de I'Academie Imperiale de Torino, XVI, 1803-1808. Michel Esprit Giorna. Lophotes Giorna, 19, 1805; type Lophotes cepedianus Giorna. Coelorhynchus Giorna, 18, 1S05; type Ccelorhynchus la ville Giorna. Trachyrhynchus Giorna, 18, 1805; type (not named) Lepidoleprus TRACHYKINCUS RisSO, 181O. An earlier paper of Giorna is quoted by Dean, Memoire sur cinq pois- sons dont deux sont d'especes nouvelles . . . et les trois antres sent de nouveaux genres: Mem. Acad. Imp. Torino. The date of this paper is variously given. The three genera above noted were not named. Giorna would not give the nomenclature until he heard from Lacepede, to whom he had sent descriptions and drawings. The two species indicated were Raia giorna Lacepede and Balistes buniva Lacepede. LXIII. QUENSEL, Forsiik at Narmdre Bestdmma och naturligare Upp- stiilla Svensk Arierna af Flunderslagte: Kong. Vet. .'Xkad. Nya Handlung, XXVII, 1806. C. QuENSEL. Solea Quensel, XXVII, 44, 203, 1806; type Pleuronectes solea L. DUMERIL, 1806 75 LXIV. DUMERIL. Zoologie Analylique. 1806. Andre Marie Constant Dumeril. This work furnishes in the Index, pp. 342, 343, Latin equivalents for French vernacular names used by Lacepede, Hist. Nat. Poiss., I, II, 1798, 1800. ( Partly examined by us, some of the pages not verified). Squatina Dumeril, 102, 342; type (not named) Squatina angelus Dumeril (Squalus squatina L.). Equivalent to Rhina Klein. Torpedo Dumeril, 102, 343; type (not named) Raja torpedo L. Not Torpedo Forskil. Same as Narcacion Klein. Narcobatis Blainville. Ovoides (Lacepede) Dumeril, 108, 342; type l'Ovoide fasce. Based on a front view of Tetr,\odon steixatus L. Equivalent to Ovoides Cuvier and Ovum Eloch & Schneider. Apterichthys Dumeril, 112, 331 ; type Mur^na c-«ca L. Substitute for Cecilia Lacepede, preoccupied. A synonym of Sphacebran- CHUS Bloch. Bostrichthys Dumeril, 120, 332; type Bostrvciius sinensis Lacepede. Name a substitute for Bostrvchus, preoccupied. Spheroides (Lacepede) Dumeril, 342; type "le Spheroide tubercule" Lacepede, 1798. A front view of Tetsaodon spencleri Bloch. A synonym of Tetraodon, as restricted by Blecker. Macrorhynchus (Lacepede) Dumeril, 342: type "Macrorhynque ar- (;ENTiii:" Lacepede (Svncnatiius argenteus Osbeck). A species near Dicrotus prometheoides Blceker. Probably replaces Dicrotus Giinther. LXV. DUMERIL, Dktiontxaire des Sciences Naturelles, 1806. Andre Marie Constant Dumeril. Torpedo Dumeril, pi. 21 ; type Raja torpedo L. Not Torpedo ForskSl, 1775; replaced by Narcacion Klein or by Narcguatis Blainville. 76 THE GENERA OF FISHES LXVI. HUMBOLDT, Ueber den Eremophilus und den Astroblepus, zwei neue Fisch-Gattungen: Observationes Zoologicae, and in Philos. Mag., XXIV, 1806. Alexander von Humboldt. Eremophilus Humboldt, 17, 329; type Eremophilus mutisii Hum- boldt. Astroblepus Humboldt, 19, 331 ; type Astroblepus grixalvii Hum- boldt. LXVn. DUMERIL, Dissertation sur les Poissons Cyclostomes, 1808. Andre Marie Constant Dumeril. AmmoccEtus Dumeril; type Petromyzon planeri L. The larva of Lampetra fluviatilis (L.) and of Petromyzon marinus L. Preferably retained, under the usual spelHng, Ammoccetes, as a designation for larval lampreys. Otherwise replaces Lampetra Gray, 1854; type Petromyzon FLUVIATILIS L. LXVHI. TILESIUS, Descriptions de quelques Poissons: Krusenstern's Reise um die Welt., Mem. Soc. Nat. Moscow, 11, 1809. W. G. von Tilesius. Not seen by us. Ericius Tilesius, 213, 1809; type Ericius (japonicus Houttuyn). A synonym of Monocentris Bloch & Schneider, Hexagrammos (Steller) Tilesius, Actae Academ. Petropol., II, 335, 1809; type Hexagrammos stelleri Tilesius (Hexagrammos asper Tilesius). Often written Hexagram mus. LXIX. GEOFFROY SAINT HILAIRE, Poissons du Nil, de la Mer Rouge et de la Mediterranee: in Description de I'Egypte, publee par Napoleon le Grand, Histoire Naturelle, I, 1809-1827. fiTiENNE Francois Geoffroy S.mnt Hil.mre. In this huge folio a few species of fishes are described in great detail, with steel engravings. The work is in three parts, published in 1809, PALLAS, 181O 77 1818, and 1825, respectively, the second and third parts being prepared by Isidore Geoffroy Saint Hilaire. Polypterus Geoffroy St. Hilaire, I, 1809; type Polypterus bichir St Hilaire. LXX. PALLAS, Labraces novum piscium genus Oceani Orientalis: Mem. Acad. Sci. Petersb., H, 1810. Peter Simon Pallas. Labrax Pallas, H, 382, 1810; type Labrax lagocephalus Pallas. Not of Klein nor of Cuvier. A synonym of Hexagram mos Steller. LXXL RISSO, Ichthyologie de Nice, 1810. Anastase Risso. Cephalopterus Risso, 14 ; type Raja giorna Lacepede. Not CtiiiALoPTERUs of Geoffroy St. Hilaire, 1809, a genus of birds. Equiva- l.nt to MoBin,A Rafinesque. Lepidoleprus Risso, 197; type Lepidoleprus traciiyriiynchus Risso. .•\ synonym of Trachvrhynchus Giorna. Tetragonurus Risso, 347 ; type Tetragonurus cia^ieri Risso. LXXH. RAFLVESQUE, Caratteri di Alcuni Nuovi Generi e Nuove Specie di .Inimale e Piante dclla Sicilia, April i, 1810. CONSTANTINE SaMUEL RaFINESQUE-ScHMALTZ (later written simply "Rafinesque"). Carcharias Rafinesque, 10; type Carcharias taurus Rafinesque. The intended type was Squalus carcharias L., but C. taurus is the only species actually mentioned. Monotypic. Replaces Ooontaspis Agassiz. Not Car- charias Cuvier, 1817. Dalatias Rafinesque, 10; type Dalatias nocturnus Rafinesque. Cir.iy in 1851 restricted Dalatias to D. sparopiiac.us Ralinesquc. Swainson, 1838, formally restricted Dalatias to Dalatias nocturnus, which seems to be a species of Ckntrophorus Muller & Henle, probably C. granulosus. Tetroras Rafinesque, 1 1 ; type Tetroras angiova Rafinesque. A second-hand and erroneous description, possibly referring to Cetorhin(;s MAXIMUS, but unrecognizable. Monotypic. 78 THE GENERA OF FISHES Isurus Rafinesque, ii; type Isurus oxyrhynchus Rafinesque. Monotypic. Replaces Oxyrhina Agassiz. Cerictius Rafinesque, 12; type Cerictius macrourus Rafinesque. Apparently imaginary. Alopias Rafinesque, 12; type Alopias macrourus Rafinesque (Squalus vui-PiNus Bonnaterre). Monotypic. Heptranchias Rafinesque, 13; type Squalus cinereus Gmelin. Monotypic. Galeus Rafinesque, 13; type Galeus mustelus L. As restricted by Jordan & Evermann, 1896. after Leach, 1812. Later restricted to Pristiurus melastomus by Garman. Not Galeus Valmont, nor Galeus Cuvier. Rafinesque describes one new species of Galeus, G. melastomus, but refers in the text to Galeus catulus and Galeus mustelus. Unless Galeus Valmont holds, in place of Prionace, Galeus becomes a synonym of Mustelus Linck. Hexanchus Rafinesque, 14; type Squai.us griseus L. Monotypic. Replaces Notidanus Cuvier. Etmopterus Rafinesque, 14; type Etmopterus aculeatus Rafinesque. Monotypic. Replaces Spinax Cuvier. Rhina Rafinesque, 14 ; type Squalus squatina L. Monotypic. Identical with Rhina Klein, and Squatina Dumeril. Leiobatus Rafinesque, 16; type Leiobatus panduratus Rafinesque. Monotypic. A synonym of Ruinobatus Linck. Not Leiobatus Klein. Dipturus Rafinesque, 16; type Raja b.\tis L. Monotypic. Identical with Raja L. Dasyatis Rafinesque, 16; type Dasyatis ujo Rafinesque (Raja pastin- aca L.). Monotypic. Identical with Dasyratus Klein and Trycon Adanson. Orthragus Rafinesque, 17; tyi)e Tetraobon mola L. Monotypic. Equivalent to Mola Kcelreuter. Diplanchias Rafinesque, 17; type Diplanciiias nasus Rafinesque. McjiKilypie. Equivalent to Mola. Typhle Rafinesque. 18; type Typiile uexagonus Rafinesque (Syngna- TltUS TYPIILE L. ). Misspelled TiPHLE. Preoccupied by Typhle* Lacepede, 1800, a genus of mam- mals. Kci)l:iced by Tvi'iiLiNUS Ralinesque, 1815, and by Siphonostomus Kaup. Monotypic. * Under the head of C/i:cilia, Lacepede refers to its alleged blindness, a char- acter almost unknown among vertebrates. "Parmi lesquels on ne connoit encore qu'un niamniifere, nomme Typhle, ct le genre des cartilagineux nommes Gastro- BRANCHES quI aient paru completement aveugles." RAFINESQUE, 181O 79 Siphostoma Rafinesque, i8; type Synonathus pei-aoicus L. M..iii.typic A synonym of Syncnathus L. as the latter is now restricted. Hippocampus Rafinesque, i8; type Syngnathus hippocampus L. (Hippocampus heptagonus Rafinesque). Oxyurus Rafinesque, 19; type Oxyurus ver.miformis Lacepede. .\ larva, probably of Conger. Scarcina Rafinesque, 20: type Scarcina argyrea Rafinesque. .•\ synonym of Lepidopus Gouan. Luvarus Rafinesque, 22; type Luvarus imperialis Rafinesque. Monotypic. Bothus Rafinesque, 23 ; type, as restricted, Bothus rumoi.o Rafinesque ( Pi.eukonectes rhombus L.). Equivalent to Rhombus Klein, of earlier date. Corystion Rafinesque, 24; type Corystion mustazola Rafinesque. Sonic species of Tr.\chinus L. Monotypic. Merluccius Rafinesque, 25; type Gadus merlucius L. (Merluccius smiridus Rafinesque). Monotypic. Phycis Rafinesque, 26; type Phycis punctatus Rafinesque. Not Phycis Fabricius, 1798, a genus of Butterflies. Equivalent to Phycis Rose, 1793, which is not preoccupied. Oxycephas Rafinesque, 31 ; type Oxycephas scabrus Rafinesque. A species of Trachyrhvnchus Gioma, 1805. Monotypic. Lepimphis Rafinesque, 33: type Lepimphis hippuroides Rafinesque ^CoRVl'Il.tNA IlIPPURUS L.). Identical with Corvph^ena. Symphodus Rafinesque, 41 : type Symphodus fui.vescens Rafinesque = l.uriA.NUs Ro.sTRATUS Blocli = Labrus scina Forskal. Replaces Coricus Cuvier. Trachurus Rafinesf|ue, 41 : type Scomber trachurus L. (Traciiurus SAiKus Rafinesque). By general usage and by tautonomy. Tricropterus Rafinesque. 41 : type by definition. Sco.mber carangus Blocli (Scomber hippos L. ). Not separable from Caranx ; no species named. Hypodis Rafinesque, 41 ; type Scomber glaucus L. l-hia Rosso-Asiatica, 111, iSil. Peter Simon Pai.i.as. This important work was printed and partly distrilnitcd in 181 1, the bulk of the edition being withheld until 1831. Phalangistcs Pallas, 113; type Cottus cataphractus L. As restricted by Jord.in & Kvcrmann. .Mso written Phalanoista. Not Pha- LANc.isTA Cuvier, 1800, a genus of mammals. I'"quivalcnt to Agonus Lacepede. Elaorhous Pallas, 122; type Cali.ionvmus baicalensis Pallas. A synonym of CoMEPnoBUS Lacepede. 84 THE GENERA OF FISHES Gasteracanthus Pallas, 228; type Gasteracanthus cataphractus Pallas. Equivalent to Gasterosteus L. Coracinus Pallas, 256; type Coracinus chalcis Pallas (Sci^na nigra Bloch). Equivalent to Corvina Cuvier, 1829. Not Coracinus Gronow, which is Dip- TERODON Cuvier. Lebius (Stellar Ms.) Pallas, 279; type Labrax superciliosus Pallas, "Lebius, Chirus vel Labrax Steller, Mss. Obs. Ichthyol." These three names are indicated in Steller's unprinted manuscripts as words from which choice could be made. Chirus ( Steller Ms. ) Pallas, 279 ; type LabR(\x superciliosus Pallas. Like the preceding synonym of Labra.x or Hexagrammos. Plagyodus (Steller Ms.) Pallas, 383; type Plagyodus Steller (Alep- isaurus ^sculapius Bean). Equivalent to Alepisaurus Lowe, 1833, the name used by Steller only in an oblique case, "Plagyodontem" and without specific name. LXXVI. LEACH, Observations on the genus Squalus, 1812. William E. Leach. Mustelus Leach, 62; type Squalus mustelus L. LXXVn. MONTAGU, Wernerian Museum, I, 1812. George Montagu. Xipotheca Montagu, \, 82 ; type Xipotheca tetradens Montagu = Lepidopus caudatus (Euphrasen). A synonym of Lepidopus. LXXVIIL FISCHER, Zoognosia, Tabulis Synopticus Illustrata, Edition HI, vol. I, 1813. Gotthelf Fischer. A series of Analytical Keys, leading to genera only. Histrio Fischer, 70, 78; type (not named) Lophius histrio L., by tautonomy. Diagnosis erroneous, by misprint "corpus dcprcssum" instead of "corpus com- pressum." Has precedence over Pterophevne Gill and Pterophrynoides Gill. FISCHER, 1813 85 Ogcocephalus Fischer, 70, 78 ; type not named ; evidently by definition, Lol-llIUS VESF'EKTILIO L. Replaces Maltbe Cuvier. Orbis (Lacepcde) Fischer, 70; no type named. Said to be like DiODON but "ad minus 4 denies in maxilla superiore." Evi- dently a misprint for "2 denies." It is probably a synonym of Ovoides Cuvier, the presumable type being Tetraodon lineatus L., the "Orbis" of Salviani and Rondelet. Odontolepis Fischer, 71, 78; no type named. A tlouiulcr with "pinnae pectorales tcnuissimx aut nulla:, rcliquis conjunctis." The type may be assumed as Svmphurus nicrescens. A synonym of Sv.mpiiurus Rafinesquc, 1810. Perhaps species of Monochirus or Microchirus were included. Psilus Fischer, 74. A substitute for Bostrvchus Lacepede, which is preoccupied. Equivalent to BosTRicHTHVs Dumeril. Psiloides Fischer, 74. A needless substitute for Bostrychoides Lacepede. Typhlotes Fischer, 75. A substitute for C.€cilia Lacepede, preoccupied. A synonym of Sphacebran- CHUs Bloch. Mustellus Fischer, 78; type (not named) Squalus mustelus L. A synonym of Mustelus Linck, not of Valmont. LXXIX. FISCHER, Recherches Zoologiques: Memoires de la SocirU' Imperiale des Naturalistes de Moscou, IV, second edition, 1813. Eleginus Fischer, 252; type Gadus navaga Kceireuter. Replaces Tilesia Swainson, 1839 (preoccupied) and Pleurogadus Bean, 1885. Not Elecinus Cuv. & Val., 1830, which becomes Eleginops Gill. LXXX. LEACH, Zoological Miscellany, 1814. William E. Leach. Hippocampus Leach, 103; type Syngnathus hippocampus L. (Hippo- campus antiquorum Leach). Same as Hippocampus Rafinesquc. 1810. 86 THE GENERA OF FISHES LXXXI. MITCHILL, Report in Part on the Fishes of New York, 1814. Samuel Latham Mitchill. Stomodon Mitchill, 7; type Stomodon bilinearis Mitchill. Equivalent to Merluccius Rafinesque. Morone Mitchill, 18; type Morone pallida Mitchill (Perca Americana Gmelin). As restricted by Gill, i860. Tautoga Mitchill, 23; type Tautoga nicer Mitchill (Labrus onitis L.). Roccus Mitchill, 25 ; type Roccus striatus Mitchill (Sclena lineata Bloch). As restricted by Gill. LXXXII. RAFINESQUE, Descri::ione di un Nuovo Genere di Pesce: Specchio delle Scienze, Palermo, 1814. CONSTANTINE SaMUEL RaFINESQUE. Leptopus Rafinesque, I, 16; type Leptopus peregrinus Rafinesque. MoMotypic. Name preoccupied and later changed to Podoleptus Rafinesque, 1815. Apparently a synonym of Lophotes Giorna. LXXXIII. RAFINESQUE, Descrizione di un Nuovo Genere di Pesce Siciliano: Specchio delle Scienze, II, 1815. Nemochirus Rafinesque, II, 100, 105; type Nemochirus erythropterus Rafinesque. Unrecognized. The following is Rafinesque's account of this fish : Nemochirus. Corpo lanceolate compressissimo ensiforme, fronte diagonale, bocca dentata, un' ala dorsale longitudinale scnza raggi sciolti, ala caudale sciolta, nessun' ala anale, le due ale pettorali filiformi avvicinate e situate sotto la gola al posto delle ventrali. Nemochirus erythropterus. Corpo argentato, ale rosse, coda lunulata, con un raggio intermedio mucronato sciolto lunghissimo e filiforme, tre macchie fosche da ogni lato del dorso. Descrizione. Lunghezza totale due palmi, nuiso ottuso, mascclla infcriore piu corta con denti acuti, occhi piccoli neri, iride grande argentina con un cerchio rosso esteriore, opercolo doppio : corpo d'un bel colore argentco, con tre macchie irregolari fosche di ogni lato del dorso, linea laterale dritta, ventre un poco reti- RAFINESQUE, 1814 87 colato. Ale pettorali rosse lineari-filiformi acute e con un solo raggio, ala dorsale rossa principiando sopra gli occhi e giungendo sino alia coda, della quale e per6 staccata e con circa 200 raggi molli : coda rossa un poco trifida o quasi lunulata con pero il raggio intermcdio semplice, sporgente lunghissimo, nicntre i latcrali sono ramosi con i rami opposti. We are indebted to Mr. H. M. Scuddcr for a copy of this rare and forgotten description. If this account is correct it is still unknown to science, though hav- ing much in common with Styi^phorus cordatus Shaw. LXXXIV. RAFINESQUE, Precis des Dicouvertes Somiologiques. 1814. Trisopterus Rafinesque. i6; type Gadus capelanus Lacepede (Gadus MINUTUS L.). According to Risso the name is synonymous with Morua Risso, and must be older. Equivalent to Brachygadus Gill. Monochirus Rafinesque; type Monochirus hispidus Raf. LXXXW RAFINESQUE, Analyse de la Nature, ou Tableau de I'Uni- vers et des Corps Ori^aniscs "La Xature est tnon Guide et Linneus mon mditre." Palermo, 1815. In this work the entire animal and plant kingdoms are classified, with definitions of the families and higher groups and lists of the known genera. Three hundred and seventy-seven genera of fishes are enumer- ated. Many of these are bare names, without explanation of any sort. Others represent changes of names of genera for reasons not expressed, but apparently because current names were too long, too short, or in- volved a termination (gides, omorus) expressing resemblance. The fishes are divided into two subclasses, Holorranchia with opercles and gill membranes complete, and Atelosia, lacking either opercles or gill membranes. The Holobranchia are divided into Deripia (Jugulares), Gastripia (Abdominales), Thoraxipia (Thoracices), Apodia (Apodes). The Atei.eosia are divided into Iu-Tropomia (Sturgeons: Sternoptyx, Pegasus) with one operclc and no gill membrane; Ciii.smupne.v, with gill-membranes and one opercle (Qiimara, Balistes, Conger, etc.) ; and Trkm.m'ne.n, with neither opercles nor gill membranes (eels and sharks). This classification is singularly inept. 06 THE GENERA OF FISHES Dactyleptus Rafinesque, 82. Substitute for Muilenoides Lacepede. Pholidus Rafinesque, 82. A synonym of Pholis Scopoli. Substitute for Enchelyopus Gronow. Pteraclidus Rafinesque, 82. Substitute for Oligopodus Lacepede. A synonyin of Pteraclis Gronow. Pacamus, 82 ; nomen nudum. Ictius, 82, "sp. do." That is, based on species of the preceding, i. c, Pacamus. Dropsarus, 82. Evidently an emendation of Gaidropsarus Rafinesque. Trisopterus, 82. Brosme, 82. Batrichtius, 82. A substitute for Batrachoides Lacepede. Ceracantha, 82. Taunis, 82. Plagiusa, 83, "sp. do." That is, species of Pleuronectes,- apparently based on Pleuronectes pla- giusa L., thus equivalent to Symphurus Rafinesque, 1810. Holacantha, 83. Substitute for Hoi.acanthus Lacepede. Pomacantha, 83. Nasonus, 83. Substitute for Nasc Lacepede. Alectis, 84. Substitute for Gallus Lacepede, which is preoccupied, leaving Alectis as valid. Bostrictis, 84. Substitute for Bostrychus Lacepede: a synonym of Bostrichthys Dumeril, 1806. Pterops, 84, 90. Substitute for Bostrychoides Lacepede. Tasica, 84. Nemipus, 84. Cephalepis, 84. Gymnurus, 84. Substitute for T.«nioides Lacepede. RAFINESQUE, 1815 89 Polipturus, 84. Substitute for ScoMBEBOMORUs Lacepcdc. Orcynus, 84. Substitute for Scombesoides Lacepede. Baillonus, 85. Sulistitutc for C^sioiiORUS Lacepede. Lepicantha, 85. Appariiitly shortened from Lepisacanthus Lacepide Gastrogonus, 85. Ccphimmus, 85. Substitute for Gymnocephalus Bloch. Lepipterus, 85. Panotus, 85. Subslitiitc for T/ENionotus Lacepede. Aylopon, 85. Sul>stitutc for Anthias Bloch. Lopharis, 85. Cephacandia, 85. Substitute for Cephalacanthus Lacepede. "Gonurus Lac," 85. L'nf.xplaincd ; no such name appears in Lacepede. Lepomus, 86. Pomagonus, 86. Mesopodus, 86. Acaramus, 86. Clodipterus, 86, also on 88. Sulislitutc for Cheilodiptebus Lacepede. Macrolepis, 86, "sp. do." That is, (if .^pocoN Lacepede. Gucbucus, 86. Micropodus, 86. Substitute for Cheilio Laccpide. Megaphalus, 86. Substitiitr for GoBiESOX Lacepede. Pomacanthis, 86. Oxima. 86. Equetus, 86. Substitute for Eques Bloch. 90 THE GENERA OF FISHES Branchiostegus, 86. Substitute for Coryph^enoides Lacepede, not of Gunner. Replaces Latilus Cuv. & Val., 1830. "Eleotris Gr., Gobiomoeus Lacepede," 86. Epiphthalmus, 86. Sulistitute for Gobiomoroides Lacepede. Lepimphis, 86. Plecopodus, 87. Sulistitute for Gobioides Lacepede. Piescephalus, 87. Lumpus, 87, "sp. do." That is, of Cyclopterus. Liparius, 87, "sp. do." That is, of Cyclopterus. Percis Scopoli, 87. Said to be same as A spidoph oroides LacepWe. Aygula, 87. Substitute for Coris Lacepede. Octonus, 88. Gasterodon, 88. Xysterus, 88. For Xyster Lacepede. Meneus, 88. For Mene Lacepede. Buronus, 88. For BuRO Lacepede. Thrissa, 88. Substitute for Clupanodon Lacepede. Megalops, 88. Prinodon, 88. Substitute for Cyprinodon Lacepede. Maturacus, 88. Edomus, 88. Gonipus, 88. Myxonum, 88. Substitute for Mugiloides Lacepede. Trichonotus, 88. Substitute for Mucilomorur Lacepede. RAFINESQUE, 1815 91 Soranus, 88. Cordorinus, 89. Substitute for Corydoras Lacepede. Amiatus, 89. Substitute for Amia L. Amiatus becomes eligible if Amia Gronow be ac- cepted instead of Apogon. Sayris, 89. Sutistitutc for ScoMBRESOX Lacepede. Ramphistoma, 89; "Raf. Belone Gronow." The word Belone was not used in a generic sense by Gronow, but first by Cuvicr in 1817. Rafinesque apparently refers to synonymy of the species as quoted from Gronow by Lacepede.* This reference does not seem to justify the substitu- tion of Ramphistoma for Belone, Odumphus, 89. Onopionus, 89. Guaris, 90. Typhlinus, 90, "sp. do." That is, of Syncnathus, earlier called Typhle by Rafinesque, which name is used by Lacepede for a "blind" genus of mammals, but without mention of type. Phyllophorus, 90. Homolenus, 90. This and the two preceding are placed in the same family as Syncnathus. Goniodermus, 90, "sp. do." Of OSTRACION. Cephalopsis, 90, "sp. do." Of IJIODON. Orbidus, 90. For "Spheroide" of Lacepede. Oonidus, 90. For "OvoiLF." of Lacepede. Tangus, 91. S.iid In be the same as "Heptaca" Rafinesque. .- Piratia, 91. Opictus, 91. *In the synonymy of Esox belone Lacepede has this quotation: "Hflnne et raf'his, id est acus Petri Artedi Synonymia Piscium etc., auctore J. G. Schneider, etc. "Gronov. Mus. i, n. 39. Zooph., p. 117, n. 362." In a hasty reading, Rafinesque must have ascribed both sentences to Gronow, who apparently did not use the name Belone. 92 THE GENERA OF FISHES Ictiopogon, 91. Substitute for Bostrychus Lacepede, which is preoccupied. Dameus, 91. Neleus, 91. Nemochirus, 91. Dipinotus, 91. Symphocles, 91. This and the preceding are placed near Trichiurus. Melanictis, 92. Epimonus, 92, "sp. do." That is, of Balistes, doubtless intended for Monacanthus. Lophidius, 92. Variant of Lophius. Chironectes, "R", 92, "sp. do." Of Lophius. Conomus, 92, "sp. do." Of Lophius. Branderius, 93. Substitute for Cecilia Lacepede, a synonym of Sphagebranchus Bloch. Anopsus, 93. Substitute for Mursnoblenna Lacepede. Gymnopsis, 93. Substitute for Gymnomur>«na Lacepede. Helmictis, 93. Rincoxis, 93. Zebricium, 93. Pterurus, 93. Sphyrnias, 93. V.iriant of Sphyrna Rafinesque. Platopterus, 93. , Substitute for Raja L. Epinotus, 93. Lymnea, 93. Podoleptus, 93. Substitute for Leptopus Rafinesque, 1814. A synonym of Lophotes Giorna. Megaderus, 93. Substitute for Echidna Forster. cuviER, 1815 93 Ictaetus, 93. Scphenia, 93. Megabatus, 93. Apturus, 93. Lampreda, 94, "sp. do." Of Petromyzon. Pricus, 94, "sp. do." Of Petromyzon. This and the preceding doubtless equivalent to Am.mo- ccETEs Dumeril and Lampetra Gray, the former based on the larval state of lam- preys. LXXXVI. CUVIER, Obsenations et Recherches Critiques sur differens Poissons de la Mcditcrrannee, ct a leur Occasion sur dcs Poissons d'autres mers plus ou mains Lies avec Eux: Memoires du Museum d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, I, 1815. Georges Leopold Chretien Frederic Dagobert Cuvier. Glossodus Cuvier, I, 1815: type .Argentina glossodonta Forskal. Same as Albula Gronow, Butvrinus Lacepede. Fierasfer Cuvier, I, 119, 312, 359, 1815; type Ophidion imberbe L. Same as Carapus Rafincsque. (Name in French only; dates from Oken, 1817.) Xyrichthys Cuvier, I, 317, 329, 355, 1815; type Xyrichthys cultratus Cuvier (Corvph.ena novacula L.). Epibulus Cuvier, I, in ; type Sparus insidiator Pallas. Smaris Cuvier, I, 11 1 ; type Sparus smaris L. Myletes Cuvier, I. 115; type Myletes rhomboidalis Cuv. Saurus Cuvier, I, 115: type Salmo saurus L. Chromis Cuvier, 393; type Sparus ciiromis L. Miiintypic. Same as Heliases Cuvier, 1817. Crenilabrus Cuvier, 357; type Labrus lapina Forskal (Les Crcni- labres). Bonaparte, in 1839, named as type C. pavo, which is the same as C. lapina. Name in French only, dates from Oken, 1817. Corycus Cuvier, 359; type (not otherwise named) Lutianus rostratus Bloch. Rased on "les deux demiers Lutjans de M. Risso." Called Coricuk by Cuvier in 1817. A synonym of Symphodus Rafmesquc. Tetragonopterus Cuvier. I, it4; type T. argenteus Cuvier. 94 THE GENERA OF FISHES Les Serrans Cuvier. This is not a scientific name. Reference is made to Anthias sackr niocli. Diacope Cuvier, 360; type Holocentrus bengalensis Bloch. Name preoccupied, replaced by Genyoroge Cantor, 1850. Diagramma Cuvier, 360; type Anthias diagramma Bloch. A synonym of Plectorhinchus Lacepede. Scolopsis Cuvier, 361; type the Curite of Russell (Scoi-opsis curite Cuvier). Les Priacanthes Cuvier, 361 ; type Anthias macrophthalmus Bloch. First called Priacanthus by Cuvier in 1817. Les Pristipomes Cuvier, 361 ; type Lutianus hasta Bloch. Called Pristipomus by Oken in 181 7. A synonym of Pomadasys Lacepede. Julis Cuvier, 362; type Labrus julis L. By tautonomy and by first restriction. Boops Cuvier, 453 ; type Sparus boops L. By tautonomy. Later called Box Cuvier. The genus Sparus L. is divided into Sargues, Sparus sarcus L. ; Dauradcs, Sparus aurata L. ; and Pagres, Sparus pagrus L. No Latin names are indicated and no type assigned to Sparus L. "Les Cantheres" is a name assigned (p. 485) to Sparus cantharus L. Dentex Cuvier, 486; type Sparus dentex L. By tautonomy, Les Melettes, 457 ; type Clupea brunnichi Gmelin. This group is equivalent to Engraulis Cuvier, 1817. No Latin name is as- signed. On page 14 of this volume the name ScI/ENA umbra L., originally based (in two species (the "Maigre" and the "Corb," confounded by Linnaeus), is definitely restricted to the first of these, the Cheilodipterus aquila of Lacepede. This spe- cies then becomes the type of Sci,bna, replacing Argyrosomus de la Pyi.aie and Pseudosci-ena Bleeker. The "Corb" remains as Corvina nigra (Bloch). LXXXVII. BLAINVILLE, Prodrome d'Une Nouvelle Distribution Sys- tcmatique du Rcgne Animal: Bulletin de la Societe Philomaticiue, 1816. Henri Marie Ducrotay de Blainvili.e. Descriptions of the genera indicated appeared al.so in the Fauna Framboise, 1820- 1 830. The [lagination as here given is taken from Carman, Plagiostomia, 1913- Trygonobatus Blainville, 112; type Raia pastinaca L. Etiuivalcnt to Dasvatis Rafinesque. BLAINVILLE, 1816 95 Aetobatus Blainville, 112; type Raja narinari Euphrasen. As restricted by Mullcr & Hcnle, 1838; not as restricted by Cantor, 1850. The latter arrangement would accord better with Blainvillc's obvious purpose of making Raja aql'ila his "Aetobatis vulgaris," the best known of these "raies aigles," his type. The first restriction, however, has the sanction of Agassiz, Giin- ther, and Gill. Dicerobatus Blainville, 116: type Raja modular Lacepede. .•\ synonym of Mobula Rafinesquc. Monotypic. Leiobatus Blainville, 121, "Raies lisses"; type Leiobatus sloani Blain- ville. A species of UROTnycoN. Not Leiobatus Rafinesquc, which is Rhinobatus; nor Leiobatus Klein, a synonym of Raja. Narcobatus Blainville, 121 ; type Raja torpedo L. Scylliorhinus Blainville, 121, "Squales roussettes" ; type Squaf.us CA.MCULA Lacepede. As restricted. Prior to Scyixium Cuvier. Cestrorhinus Blainville, 121 ; type Squalus zyg/ENa L. .■\ synnnym of Cestracion Klein and Sphyrna Rafinesquc. Monopterhinus Blainville, 121, "squales a une seule pinnule dorsale"; type Squalus griseus Gmelin. A synnnym of Hexanchus Rafinesquc. Monotypic. Acanthorhinus Blainville, 121, "squales epineux" ; type Squalus acan- thi as Lacepede. Equivalent to Squalus L. as restricted by Rafinesquc and by Gill. Hetcrodontus Blainville, 121; type Squalus imiilippi Lacepede. The name seems sufficiently different from Heterodon, a genus of snakes of prior date, although from identical Greek roots. Otherwise would stand as Cen- TRACiON Gray. Monotypic. Cetorhinus Blainville, 121 ; type Squalus maximus Gunner. Monfitypic. Galeorhinus Blainville, 121, "Squales demi-Requins" ; type Squalus canis L. As restricted by Gill, 1864; Squalus mustelus as restricted by Garman, 1913. The former arrangement must hold, replacing Eucaleus Gill. Carcharhinus Blainville, 121 ; type Squalus commersonianus Blain- vi'le. As restricted by authors. Echinorhinus Blainville, 121, "Squales boucles"; type Squalus spin- osus Gmelin. Monotypic. 96 THE GENERA OF FISHES LXXXVIII. CUVIER, Siir le genre Chironectes Cuv. (Antennarius Commerson) : Mem. du Mus., Ill, 1817. Georges Cuvier. Chironectes Cuvier, 418; type Lopnius commersonianus Lacepede. LXXXIX. CUVIER, Hydrocyon, Chalceus etc.: Memoires du Mu- seum, IV, 1817; V, 1819. Hydrocyon Cuvier, V, 353, 1819; type Hydrocyon forskali Cuvier ("Les Hydrocyns," I, 115). Myletes Cuvier, IV, 449, 1817; type Myletes rhomboidalis Cuvier. Tetragonopterus (Artedi) Cuvier, IV, 455, 1817; type Tetragon- oPTERus argenteus Cuvier. Chalceus Cuvier, IV, pi. XXI, 1817, V, 351 ; type Chalceus macrolep- IDOTUS Cuvier. XC. LE SUEUR, A new genus of Fishes proposed binder the name of Catostomus: Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., I, 1817. Charles A. Le Sueur. Catostomus Le Sueur, 88; type Cyprinus catostomus Forster (Cato- stomus HUDSONius Le Sueur). XCI. CUVIER, Rcgne Animal, Ed. 1, 1817. Le Rcgne Animal Dis- tribue d'Apres son Organisation. Tome II, 1817 (Reptiles, Fishes, etc.). Georges Cuvier. This epoch-making work marks the advent of the modern epoch in zoological taxonomy. The entire animal kingdom is considered, its fam- ilies and genera are all defined, and the entire system is placed on the sound basis of comparative anatomy. In a number of cases the genera in this work receive French names only. But to all these, Latin forms were immediately supplied in the same year, 1817, by Oken, in the Isis. cuviER, 1817 97 Ammocoetes (Diimeril) Cuvier, 119; type Petromyzon branchialis L. 1 he larval form of Petromyzon and Lampetra. Scyllium Cuvier, 124; type Squalus canicula L. As restricted. A synonym of Scylliorhinus Blainville, 1816. Carcharias Cuvier, 125; type Squalus carcharias. As bhown in the figure of Bclon, 60. "Cette figure de Belon est la seule bonne. La phipart des autres sent fausses." Equivalent to Carcharhinus Blain- ville. Not Carcharias Rafinesque, 1810. Lamna Cuvier, 126; type Squalus cornubicus Bloch & Schneider (Squalus nasus Bonnaterre). Zygaena Cuvier, 127; type Squalus zyg.ena L. Equivalent to Cestr^\cion Klein, Sphyrna Rafmesque. Galeus Cuvier, 127; type Squalus galeus L. Not Galeus Valmont, nor of Klein, nor of Rafinesque. Equivalent to Gale- ORHiNUs Blainville. Monotypic. Mustelus Cuvier, 128; type Squalus mustelus L. Equivalent to Mustelus Linck. Notidanus Cuvier, 128; type Squalus grisf.us L. Monotypic. Equivalent to Hexanchus Rafinesque, 1810. Selache Cuvier, 129; type Squalus maximus L. l>liiivalcnt to Cetorhinus Blainville, 1816. Monotypic. Cestracion Cuvier in Oken, 129, ("Les Cestracions" Cuvier) ; Oken,* Isis, 1 183; type Squalus philipi'i Bloch & Schneider. Equivalent to Heterodontus Blainville, 1816. Not Cestracion Klein. Spinax Cuvier, 129; type Squalus spin ax L. Equivalent to Etmopterus Rafinesque, 1810. Centrina Cuvier, 130; type Squalus centrina L. Fuiiiivalcnt to O.wnotus Ratinesque, 1810. Scymnus Cuvier, 130; type Squalus americanus Gmelin. Monotypic. Preocaipied by Scymnus Kugelmann, 1814, a genus of Beetles; replaced by Scvmnorhinus Bonaparte, 1846. Dalatias Rafinesque may be tlic same. *Okcn. Isis, 1817. In Isis. 1817. immediately following the publication of the Rignt Animal. Professor L. Oken recapitulated the genera of Cuvier. giving Latin forms to those left by the author with French names only. These occur on pages 1181. 1182, and 1183 (misprinted in tlie text as 1781, 1782, and 1783). Several of these were also Latinized by Cloquet, Diclionnaire d'Hisloirc Nalurrllr, in 1817, but the date of Oken is earlier. Still others were Latinized by John Stark, /;/••- mrnls of Satvral History, Edinburgh, 1828, vol. I. As the question of priority is not affected, we leave the names of Cuvier latin- ized by Oken in their proper sequence. 98 THE GENERA OF FISHES Trygon Adanson in Cuvier, 136; type Raja pastinaca L. This name, quoted from Adanson's Manuscript Cours d'Histoire Naturelle, in 1772, has been adopted by several authors. Trygon appears also as a new genus (equivalent to T^niura) of Geoffroy St. Hilaire in the Histoire d'Egypte, with the date of 1825. The name is certainly later than Dasybatus of Klein, with the same type, and also later than Dasyatis Rafinesque. Callorhynchus (Gronow) Cuvier, 140; type Chim.5:ra callorhynchus L. Monacanthus (Cuvier) Oken, 152, ("Les Monacanthes" Cuvier) ; type Balistes chinensis Bloch. Alutera (Cuvier) Oken, 153, ("Les Aluteres" Cuvier) ; type Balistes MONOCEROS L. Triacanthus (Cuvier) Oken, 153, ("Les Triacanthes" Cuvier); type Balistes biaculeatus Bloch. Monotypic. Hippocampus Cuvier, 157: type Syngnathus hippocampus L. Equivalent to Hippocampus Rafinesque. Characinus Cuvier, 164; no type named. Equivalent to Characini L., Charax Gronow. Curimatus (Cuvier) Oken, 165, ("Les Curimates" Cuvier) ; type Salmo edentulus Bloch (Salmo cyprinoides L.). Name latinized as Curimatus Oken, 1182, as Curimata by Cloquet. Equiva- lent to Curimata Walbaum, 1792. Anostomus (Gronow) Cuvier, 165; type Salmo anostomus L. Called Leporinus by Cuvier & Valenciennes. Piabucus (Cuvier) Oken, 166, ("Les Piabuques" Cuvier); type Salmo argentinus Bloch. Latinized as Piabucus by Oken, as Piabuca by Miiller & Troschel. Citharinus Cuvier, 168; type "le Serrasalme citharine" Geoffroy. Cytharinus Oken, 1182, ("Les Citharines" Cuvier, 1815, L iis). Saurus Cuvier, 169; type Salmo saurus L. Scopelus Cuvier, iCx); type Gasteropelecus humboldti Risso. Equivalent to Myctophum Rafinesque, 1810. Aulopus Cuvier, 170; type Salmo filamentosus Bloch. Engraulis Cuvier, 174; type Clupea encrasicholus L. Thrissa Cuvier, 176; type Clupea setirostris Broussonet. Equivalent to Mystus Lacepede, preoccupied. Not Thrissa Rafinesque. Later spelled Thryssa by Cuvier. This genus or subgenus may receive a now name, Thrissocles Jonl.m & Evcr- mann, type Clupea setirostris Broussonet. It is distinftuishcd from Mknidia Browne or Anchoviella Fowler, by the greatly prolonged maxillary. cuviER, 1817 99 Pristigaster Cuvier, 176; type not named. Later fixed as Pristigaster cavanl's Cuvier. Chirocentrus Cuvier, 178; type Esox chirocentrus L. (Clupea dorab Gmelin). Sudis Cuvier, 180; type (not named) Sudis gigas Cuvier. Equivalent to Arapaima Miiller and Troschcl, 1846 (Vastres Valenciennes, 1846). Not Sudis Rafinesquc, 1810. Galaxias Cuvier, 183; type Esox truttaceus Cuvier. .Moiiotypic. Microstoma Cuvier, 184; type Gasteropelecus microstomus Risso. Monotypic. Stomias Cuvier, 184; type Esox noA Risso. .Moiicitypic. Salanx e'uvicr, 185: type (not named) Salanx reevesi Cuv. & Val. (Albula chinensis Osbeck). Monotypic. Synonym of Albula Osbeck, if the latter name is regarded as eligible. Belone Cuvier, 185 ; type Esox belone L. Hemi-Ramphus Cuvier, 186; type Esox brasiliensis L. Barbus Cuvier, 192; type Cvprinus barbus L. Gobio Cuvier, 193; type Cvprinus gobio L. Not Gobio of Klein, which is identical with Gobius L. If Klein's names are accepted, Gobio Cuvier, based on the common gudgeon of Europe, Cvprinus go- bio L., must receive a new name. Tinea Cuvier, 193; type Cvprinus tinca L. Cirrhinus (Cuvier) Oken, 193, ("Les Cirrhines" Cuvier); type Cvpri- nus ciRRHosus Rloch. The n.Tmc is spelled Cihrhina by Valenciennes. Abramis ( "uvier, 194; type Cvprinus rrama L. I'.quivaleiit to Brama Klein, not of Cuvier. Labeo Cuvier, 194; type Cvprinus niihth is (Fnrskal) Geoffrey. Not Labeo Bowdich, 1825. Leuciscus (Klein) Cuvier, 194; type Cvprinus leuciscus (L.) Bloch. Mrntical with Leuciscus Klein. Lebia (Cuvier) Oken, 199, ("Les Lebias" Cuvier), Oken. Isis. 1183; type Cyprinodon variegatus Lacepcde. Monotypic. Identical with Cvprinowin Laccpcde, 180J. Written Lebias by Cuvier. 100 THE GENERA OF FISHES Schilbe ( Ciivier) Oken, 202, ("Les Schilbe" Cuvier), Oken, Isis, 1182; type SiLURUS mystus Hasselquist. Synodontis Cuvier, 203; type Pimelodus synodontis Geoffroy. Bagre (Cuvier) Oken, 204^, ("Les Bagres" Cuvier), Oken, Isis, 1182; type SiLURUs bagre L. By tautonomy. Latinized as Bagrus by Valenciennes. This generic name must replace Felichthvs Swainson and Ailurichthys Baird, for the GafF-top- sail Cat-fish Felichthys marinus (L), of American waters, unless the earlier name Bagre of Catesby, applied to another genus, be deemed eligible. The name Bagrus, transferred by Cuvier & Valenciennes to another part of the same group of "Bagres," may be replaced by Porcus Geoffroy, 1817, as Bagrus is only a vari- ant spelling of Bagre. Morrhua (Cuvier) Oken, ("Les Morues"), 212, 1182; type Gadus MORRHUA L. Same as Gadus L. Merlangus (Cuvier) Oken, ("Les Merlans"), 213, 1182; type Gadus MERLANGUS L. Not Merlangus Rafinesque, 1810. Lota (Cuvier), ("Les Lottes") Oken, 215, 1182: type Gadus lota Bloch. By tautonomy. Mustela (Cuvier), ("Les Musteles") Oken, 215, 11 82; type Gadus mustela L. Preoccupied in Mammals: replaced by Motella Cuvier, 1829. Synonym of Gaidropsarus Raf. Brosme (Cuvier), ("Les ISrosmes") Oken, 216, 1182; type Gadus BROSME Gmelin. Called Rrosmius by Cuvier, 1829. Raniceps (Cuvier) Oken, 217, ("Les Raniceps" Cuvier), Oken, 1182; type Gadus raninus Miiller. Platessa Cuvier, 220; type Pleuronectes platessa L. h^quivalcnt to Pleuronectes as restricted by Fleming. Hippoglossus Cuvier, 221 ; type Pleuronectes hippoglossus L. Rhombus Cuvier, 222: type 1'leuronectes rhomp.us Cuvier. F.(|uivalcnt to Rhomiuis Klein, not of Lacepede. Name used in Mollusks, Rhomiius Da Costa, 1776. Same as Bothus Rafinesque. Solea Cuvier, 223 ; tyjie Pleuronectes solea L. Equivalent to Solea Qucnscl and Solea Rafinesque. Monochirus (Cuvier) Oken, 223, ("Les Monochires" Cuvier), Mono- chirus Oken, 1182; type Pleuronectes microcuirus De la Roche. Monotypic. Equivalent to Rafinesque. CUVIER, 1817 101 Plagusia (Browne) Cuvier, 224; type Pleuronectes plagusia L. Equivalent to Plagusia Browne, not of Latreille, 1806, a genus of Crusta- ceans. Lumpus (Cuvier) Oken, 226, ("Les Lumps" Cuvier) Oken, 1182; type Cyclopterus lumpus L. Equivalent to Cvcxopterus L. Conger (Cuvier) Oken, 231, ("Les Congres" Cuvier), Oken, 1182; type MUR^NA CONGER L. Equivalent to Conger Houttuyn. Alabes (Cuvier) Oken, 235, ("Les Alabes" Cuvier), Oken, 1182; type (not named) Cheilobranxhus dorsalis Richardson. Said to be identical with Cheiix)branchus Richardson, 1848, which it re- places. Carapus Cuvier, 237; type Gymnotus macrourus Bloch. Xot Carapus Rafinesque, 1810. The name is written Carahj by Oken. Re- placed by GiTON Kaup. Fierasfer (Cuvier) Oken, 239, ("Les Fierasfers" Cuvier) Oken, 1182; type Ophidium imberbe L. Equivalent to Carapus Rafinesque, 1810. Monotypic. Lophotes (Giorna) Cuvier, 243, ("Les Lophotes" Cuvier), the name written Lophotus by Oken, 1182; type "le Lophote Lacepede" Giorna (Lophotes cepedianus). Monotypic. Clinus Cuvier, 251 ; type Blennius superciliosus L. Pholis (Artedi) Cuvier, 251 ; type Blennius pholis Bloch. N'ot Pholis Gronow. Salarias Cuvier, 251 ; type Salarias quadripennis Cuvier. Opistognathus (Cuvier) Oken, 252, ("Les Opisthognathes" Cuvier), Oken, 1 182; type Opisthognathus sonnerati Cuvier. Monotypic. Sillago Cuvier, 258; type Sillago acuta Cuvier. Jiilis Cuvier, 261 ; type Labrus jui.is L. This name has been unfortunately tr;iiisferred by later writers to a great group of the tropical seas, Thalassoma Swainson. Crcnilabrus Cuvier, 262, ("Les Crenilabres" Cuvier), Oken, 1182; type Lahrus lapina Forskal. Valenciennes makes the type Labrus pavo Risso; but that species is not men tioncd by Cuvier, although identical with L. lapina. Bonaparte, in l8j9, named as type C. pavo, which is the same as C. i.apina. In i8j9, just previous, Swainson observes : "M. Cuvier having expressly staled 102 THE GENERA OF FISHES that the type of his genus Crenilabrus is the Lutjanus verres of Bloch, I have so retained it, placing all the others under the subgenus Cyn^dus." L. VERRES is identical with the type of Bodianus Bloch. We find no such state- ment in Cuvier's writings, and L. verres is ninth of his original species. Cyn^dus Swainson, as restricted by Bonaparte, is identical with Ctenolabrus Cuv. & Val. In the Fauna Italica, 156, 1839, Bonaparte assigned types to certain genera of Labroid fishes. Labrus guttatus Bloch was indicated as type of Hemiulis Swainson ; Labrus vetulus Bloch is considered as type of Labrus L. This name, VETULUS, was not used by Linnaeus, but it is a synonym of Labrus bimaculatus L. and Labrus mixtus L. Labrus bimaculatus may thus be regarded as the type of Labrus. Labrus rupestris Bloch is indicated as type of Cyn-edus Swainson. This becomes a synonym of Ctenolabrus Cuv. & Val., of a little earlier date in 1839. Labrus pavo of authors, not of Linnaeus, is recognized by Bonaparte as type of Crenilabrus. This species is not named by Cuvier, but it is identical with Labrus lapina Forskal, a species included by Cuvier. In Swain's excellent review of Swainson (1882) the type of each genus is indicated. The type of Hemiulis (auratus) assigned by Swain is a species of Cheilio Lacepede. The type of Cyn-edus is C. tinca = C. doderleini Jordan, not Labrus tinca L., a species of Crenilabrus. Bonaparte's selection of types has, however, priority over Swain's. Bonaparte and Swainson recognize Labrus julis L. as type of Julis. The same type, as Labrus pavo Hasselquist, is assigned to Chlorichthys Swainson by Bona- parte. Swain makes the latter a synonym of Thalassom.\ Swainson. Bonaparte, 1846, selected L. julis L. as type of Ichthycallus Swainson, reducing both Chlorichthys and Ichthycallus to the synonymy of Julis. Coricus Cuvier, 263; type Lutianus virescens Risso (L. ro-stratus Bloch). Equivalent to Symphodits Rafinesque. Epibulus Cuvier, 264; type Sparus insidiator Pallas. Monotypic. Novacula Cuvier, 265 ; type Coryph^na novacui.a L. By tautonomy. Afterwards restricted by Cuvier & Valenciennes to Cory- PHiENA pentadactyla Lacepede, the genus Hemipteronotus Lacepede. A synonym of Xyrichthys Cuvier, 1815. Chromis (Cuvier) Oken, 266, ("Les Chromis" Cuvier), Oken, 1182; type Sparus chromis Lacepede. Not Cromis Browne, 1770, nor Chromis Cuvier, 1S15. Called IIixiases by Cuvier & Valenciennes. Plesiops (Cuvier) Oken, 266; type not named. Afterwards described as Plesiops nigricans Riippcll. Equivalent to Piiarop- TERYX Riippcll, 1828. Smarts Cuvier, 269; type Sparus smarts L. A synonym of Spicara Rafinesque, Boops Cuvier, 270; type Sp.arus boops L. Later called Box Cuv. & Val. Sargus Cuvier, 272: type Si'.nki'S sargus L. Equivalent to Sargus Klein and Diplodus Rafinesque. cuviER, 1817 103 Aurata (Cuvier) Oken, 272, ("Les Daurades" Cuvier), Oken, 1183; type Sl'ARUS AURATA L. Equivalent to Sparus L., as restricted by Fleming. Later called Ciiryso- PHRYS by Cuvier. Pagrus Cuvier, 272; type Sparus argenteus Bloch & Schneider ( Sparus p.uirus L.). Not Pagrus Plumier. Dentex Cuvier, 273 ; type Sparus dentex L. Diacope Cuvier, 275 ; type Diacope seb^ Cuvier. NiiMic preoccupied in buttcrllies (Diacope Hiibner, 1816) ; replaced by Gen- YOROGE Cantor, 1850. Equivalent to Naqua Forskal, 1775, a name doubtfully eligible. Serranus Cuvier, 276, ("Perclie de mer ou serran") ; type Perca CABRiLLA L. ("le Serran proprcment dit"). Serranus cabrilla is usually assumed as the type of the genus Serranus, and therefore of the family SFJetoix3N orbis Bloch, as restricted by Cnv. & Val.. 1831. Toxotes Cuvier, 338; type Labrls jacui.ator Bloch & Schneider. Monotypic. 106 THE GENERA OF FISHES Anabas Cuvier, 339; type Perca scandens Daldorf. Monotypic. Fiatola Cuvier, 342 ; type Stromateus fiatola L. Equivalent to Stromateus L. Seserinus (Cuvier) Oken, 342, ("Les Seserinus" Cuvier) ; type "Ses- ERiNus Rondelet" (Seserinus rondeleti Cuvier). This is apparently a young Stromateus, microchirus (Bonelli). Premnas Cuvier, 345 ; type Ch^todon biaculeatus Bloch. Monotypic. Temnodon Cuvier, 346; type Cheilodipterus heptacanthus Lace- pede. Monotypic. Equivalent to Pomatomus Lacepede, The name Pom.^tomus ■was arbitrarily transferred to a different genus (Epigonus Raf.) by Cuvier. Amphisile (Klein) Cuvier, 350; type Centriscus scut.\tus L. Equivalent to Centriscus L. and Amphisilen Klein. XCII. OKEN, Isis, 1817. L. Oken. On pages 1182-83 (misprinted 1782-83), Professor Oken gives Latin equivalents to all the French names in the first edition of the Rcgne Animal of Cuvier, as indicated above. XCIII. CLOQUET, Dictionnaire des Sciences Naturelles de Levrault (Articles on Fishes), 1816 to 1830. HiPPOLYTE ClOQUET. (Latinizes several of Cuvier's names, as previously done by Oken.) Zingel Cloquet, 1817; "les cingles" Cuvier, called Zingei, by Oken; tyjje Perc.\ zingel L. Eptatretus (Dumeril) Cloquet, XV, 134, 1819; type Gastrobrancuus DOM BEY Lacepede. Replaces Heptatrema Dumeril and Bdellostoma Miiller. ST. HILAIRE, 1818 107 XCIV. GEOFFROY ST. HIL.MRE. Suite de IHistoire des Poissons du Xil, Plates dated 1817, 1818. Isidore Geoffroy St. Hilaire. Porcus Geoffroy St. Hilaire, 303, 1818; type Silurus bajad Forskal. Equivalent to Bacrus Cuv. & Val. but not to "les Bagres" Cuvier, 1817, Ba- CRE Okcn. PoRCL's should probably replace Bacrus, which is a latinization of Bacre, the vernacular Spanish name for the larger cat-fishes. Heterobranchus Geoffroy St. Hilaire, 305, 1818; type Heterobranchus bidorsalis Geoffroy St. Hilaire. XCV. LE SUEUR, Description of Several New Species of North American Fishes: Jour. .Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1818. Charles A. Le Sueur. Somniosus Le Sueur, 222: type Somxiosus brevipinna Le Sueur, SguALUs MicROCEPiiALUs Bloch & Schneider. Platirostra Le Sueur, 223 ; type Platirostra edentula Le Sueur. Same as Polyoiwn. Hiodon Le Sueur, 366; type Hiodon tergisus Le Sueur. Often spelled Hyodon. XCVL RANZANL Descrizione di un Pesce, un Nuovo Genere dei Tccnioidei: Opusculo Sci. Bologna, H, 1818. Camillo Ranzani. Epidesmus Ranzani, 133; type Epidesmus maculatus Ranzani. Synonym of Recalecus. XCVH. HLAINVILLE, Poissons Fossiles: Nouveau Dictionnaire, X.W'H. 1818. Henri Marie Ducrotay de Blainville. Not seen by us. Anenchelum Blainville; type Anenchelum glarisianum Blainville (fossil: Lepiix)PID^). 108 THE GENERA OF FISHES Chirurgus Blainville; type (perhaps Ch^todon chirurgus Bloch). Not seen by us : probably a synonym of Hepatus and Teuthis. Palaeoniscum Blainville, 320 ; type Pal^oniscum frieslebenense Blainville (fossil). Written Pal^oniscus by Agassiz. Palaeothrissum Blainville, 320; type Pal^othrissum macrocephalum Blainville (fossil). Synonym of Pal^oniscum. Palaecrhynchum Blainville, XXVII, 314, 1818; type Pal^orhynchum glarisianum Blainville. Palaeobalistum Blainville, 338; type Diodon orbicularis Volta (fossil). XCVIII. RAFINESQUE, Description of two new Genera of North American Fishes, Opsanus and Notropis : American Monthly Magazine and Critical Review, January 1818. Constantine Samuel Rafinesque. Opsanus Rafinesque, 203; type Opsanus cerapalus Raf. (Gadus TAU L.). This genus has been usually and wrongly called Batrachus. Notropis Rafinesque, 204; type Notropis atherinoides Raf. (Al- BURNUS rubellus Agassiz). XCIX. RAFINESQUE, Discoveries in Natural History: American Monthly Magazine, September 1818. Glossodon Rafinesque, 354; type Glossodon harengoides Raf. (Hiodon TERGisus Le Sueur). A synonym of Hiodon, regarded by Rafinesque as too "similar to Uiodun in sound." C. RAFINESQUE, Further Discoveries in Natural History: Amer. Monthly Magazine, October 1818. Pogostoma Rafinesque, 445 ; type Pogostoma leucops Rafinesque. A myth drawn by Audulion. Dinectus Rafinesque, 445; type niNKcrus trunc.xtus Raf. A mythical sturgeon, drawn by Audubon. RAFINESQUE, 1818 109 Litholepis Rafinesque, 445 ; type Litholepis adamantinus Raf. The "Devil-jack Diamond Fish," drawn by Audubon, a my-thical gar-pike of which the scales will "turn a rifle ball." This remarkable paper is based on paintings of fishes "seen down the river" by Audubon. Rafinesque was, in 1818, a guest at Audubon's house at Hendersonville, Kentucky. One night, bats entered the win- dow. Rafinesque was convinced that they were of a new species, and used Audubon's costly violin to beat thein down. Aiulubon in return showed him paintings of remarkable fishes. Rough cojiies of these are found in Rafinesque's note-books, preserved in the Smithsonian Institu- tion. Their introduction into Science was a practical joke on the part of the great ornithologist. Rafinesfjue also mentions as new genera, by name only, without ex- planation: CiiEiLOBUS, MiNicuLus, Oplictis, Leptosoma and Glanis. These can have no place in the system. CI. R.AFINESQUE, Description of Three New Genera of Fluviatile Fish, PoMoxis, Sarciiirus and Exoglossum : Jour. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., November 1818. Pomoxis Rafinesque, 417; type Pomoxis annularis Raf. Sarchirus Rafinesque, 419; type Sarchirus vittatus Raf. YouHK of Lepisosteus osseus. Exoglossum Rafinesque, 421 ; type Exoglossum annulatu.m Raf. (CvPRiNus maxillingua Le Sueur). Maxillingua Rafinesque, 421 ; type Cyprinus maxillingua Le Sueur. .S.inic as Exoglossum. Hypentelium Rafinesque, 421 ; type Exoglossum macropterum Raf. (Catostomus nigricans Le Sueur). Replaces Hvlomyzon Agassiz. CII. RAFINESQUE, Further account of Discoveries etc.: Amer. Monthly Magazine, November 1818. Noturus Rafinesque. 41 : type Noturus flavus Raf. 110 THE GENERA OF FISHES cm. RAFINESQUE, Prodrome de yo Nouveaux Genres et d'Animaux Dccouverts dans I'interieur des Stais Unis d'Atnerique diirant I'Annce 1818: Journal de Physique, de Chymie et d'Histoire Nat- urelle, Paris, June 1819. Aplodinotus Rafinesque, 419; type Aplodinotus grunniens Raf. Spelling corrected by Gill to Haploidonotus. Etheostoma Rafinesque, 419; type Etheostoma blennioides Raf. As determined by Agassiz. Later fixed on Etheostoma flabellaris Ra- finesque by Jordan & Evermann. Replaces Diplesion Rafinesque and Hyostoma. Agassiz. Leucops Rafinesque, 419; type Pogostoma leucops Raf. A myth of Audubon. Aplocentrus Rafinesque, 420; type Aplocentrus calliops Raf. Mythical ; after Audubon. Calliurus Rafinesque, 420; type Calliurus functulatus Raf. A synonym of Micropterus Lacepede. Lepomis Rafinesque, 420 ; type, as stated by the author, Labrus aur-- ITUS L. Pomotis Rafinesque, 420 ; type also stated to be Labrus auritus L. Apomotis Rafinesque, 420; type Lepomis cyanellus Raf. Notemigonus Rafinesque, 421 ; type Notemigonus auratus Raf. (Cyprinus crysoleucas Mitchill). Amphiodon Rafinesque, 421 ; Amphiodon alveoides Raf. (Misprint for Alosoides.) Replaces Elattonistius Gill & Jordan. Amblodon Rafinesque, 421 ; type Amblodon bubalus Raf. The "Buffalo-fish," to which the large blunt pharyngeal teeth of Aplodinotus were wrongly ascribed. A complex ; the name Amblodon later restricted by Ra- finesque to Aplodinotus grunniens, while the Buffalo-fish became type of Ictio- Bus Rafinesque. Cycleptus Rafinesque, 421 ; type Cyci.eptus niorescens (Catostomus ELONGATUS Le Sueur). Pilodictis Rafinesque, 422 ; type Pilodictis limosus Raf. A myth. CIV. RAFINESQUE, Annals of Nature, I, 1820. Hemiplus Rafinesque, 6; type Hemipi.us lacustris Raf. (Cyprinus. crysoleucas Mitchill). Same as Notemigonus Rafinesque, 1819. RAFINESQUE, 182O 111 C\'. RAFINESQUE, Ichthyologia Ohiensis, 1820. It was the fortune of Professor Kafinesque to be one of the first to explore two of the richest fish faunas of the world, that of Sicily and that of the Ohio River. His various papers show his peculiar traits, in- tense activity, keen philosophical insight, and hopeless slovenliness in method. Stizostedion Rafinesque, 23; type Perca salmonea Raf. (Perca vitrea Mitchill). Lepibema Rafinesque, 2^ ; type Perca chrysops Raf. Pomacampsis kafinesque, 23; type Perca nigropunctata Raf. Mythical, l)cinK one of Audubon's practical jokes. Ichthclis Kafinesque, 27; type Labrus auritus L. A needless substitute for Lepomis, which is transferred (p. 30) to specie! of MiciiopTEBi."s Lacepede. Telipomis Rafinesque, 2j; type Lepomis cvanellus Raf. A needless substitute for Apomotis. Aplites Rafinesque, 30: type Lei'omi-S pai-i.ida Raf. .•\ species of Micbopterus. Nemocampsis Rafinesque, 30: type Lepomis flexuolaris Raf. A species of Micropterus. Dioplitet Rafinesque, 32; type Lepomis notata Raf. Also a synonym of Micropterus. Amblopliteg Rafinesque, 2?i- type Lepomis ichtheloides Raf. (Bodi- A.M.S RUPESTRIS Raf., 1817). Aplesion Rafinesque, 36; type Etheostoma cai.i.iura Raf. The young of Micropterus. Diplesion Rafinesque, 7,/ : type Etheostoma bi.enmoides Raf. .\ s>-nonym of Etheostoma Raf. Sec opinion 14, Comm. Zool. \oinenc. Pomolobus Rafinesque, 38: type Pomolobus curysochi.oris Raf. Dorosoma Rafinesque, 39; type Doro.soma heterura Raf. (Megai.ops ( r.i'KDiANA Le Sueur). Clodalui Rafinesque, 43: type IIioimin ( i.dDM.i-s Lc Sueur. Same as Hiodon. Minnilui Rafincsf|tic. 45: type Minnii.is dinemus Raf. This is apparently the same as Notropis Raf., 1818. 112 THE GENERA OF FISHES Dobula Rafinesque, 45; type not named (Cyprinus dobula L.). Kqnivalcnt to Leuciscus Cuvier. Phoxinus Rafinesque, 45; type not named (Cyprinus phoxinus L.). Alburnus Rafinesque, 45; type not named (Cyprinus alburnus L.). Luxilus Rafinesque, 47 ; type Luxilus chrysocephalus Raf. (Cyprinus CORNUTUS Mitchill). Chrosomus Rafinesque, 47; type Chrosomus erythrogaster Raf. Semotilus Rafinesque, 49; type Semotilus dorsalis Raf. (Cyprinus atromaculatus Mitchill). Rutilus Rafinesque, 50; type Leuciscus rutilus L. Plargyrus Rafine.s(|ue, 50; type Rutilus plargyrus Raf. (Cyprinus CORNUTUS Mitchill). Pimephales Rafinesque, 52 ; type Pimephales promelas Raf. Moxostoma Rafinesque, 54; type Catostomus anisurus Raf. Ictiobus Rafinesque, 55 ; type Catostomus bubalus Raf. Spelled IcHTHYOBUs by Agassiz. The name Amblodon was based, in part, on the same species, and may be held as tenable for this genus. Leptops Rafinesque, 64; type Pimelodus viscosus Raf. (Silurus oli- vARis Raf.). Opladelus Rafinesque, 64; type Pimelodus nebulosus Raf. (Silurus OLIVARIS Raf.). Written Hopladelus by Gill. A synonym of Leptops. Ameiurus Rafinesque, 65; type Pimelodus cupreus Raf. (Pimelodus natalis Le Sueur). Ilictis Rafinesque, 66; type Pimelodus limosus Raf. (Sillirus olivaris Raf.). A synonym of Lkptops. Picorel'' <; Rafincstiue, 70; type Esox vittatus Raf. A drawing in Rafinesque's note-book shows this to be a mythical species of "pickerel. " Cylindrosteus Rafinesque, 72; type Lepisosteus platostomus Raf. Atractosteus Rafinesque, 75 ; type Lepisosteus ferox Raf. Sturio Rafinesque, 79; type Acipenser maculosus Le Sueur. Carpiodes Rafinesque, 56; type Catostomus cyprinus Le Sueur. As fixed by Jordan & Gilbert, 1883. TILESIUS. 1820 113 Tcretulus Rafinesque, 57 ; type Catostomus aureolus Le Sueur. As fixed by Jordan, 1877. Decactylus Rafinesque, 60; type Catostomus bostoniensis Le Sueur (Cyprinus teres Mitchill) as restricted by Jordan. Catostomus tf.res is probably the tenable name, as the earlier name com- MEKSONi Lacepi-de is very doubtful. Ictalurus Rafinesque, 6i ; type Silurus punctatus Raf. Elliops Rafinesque, 62 ; type Pimelodus maculatus Raf. .•\ synonym of IcTALURUS. Eurystomus Rafinesque, 65 ; type Catostomus megastomus Raf. An Audubonian myth. Sterletus Rafinesque, 80: type Acipenser serotinus Raf. (.\cipenser RUBicu.NDUs Le Sueur). Dinectus Rafinesque, 80 ; type Dinectus truncatus Raf. Another of Audubon's mylliical paintinps, representing, as suggested by Rafin esque, "only a sturgeon incorrectly drawn." Pegedictis Rafinesque, 85 ; type Pegedictis ictalops Raf. Apparently a confusion of notes on Catonotus ixabeli.aris and Cottus rich ARDSONI. The species is therefore unidentifiable. Hi'st ni-arded as a synonym of Cottus. Proceros Rafinesque, 87; type Procekos maculatus Raf. A myth, not of Audubon but of "Mr. M. of St. Genevieve." CVL TILESIUS, De Piscium Australium Novo Gencrc: Memoires Academie Sciences, Petersburg, 1820. W. G. von Tilesius. Balistapus Tilesius, 310; type (Balistes aculeatus L.). CV'II. RISSO, Ale pace phalus, nouvcau Genre de Poissons: Memoires de i'Academie Royale de Turin, XX\', 1820. Anastase Risso. Alepocephalus Risso, 262 ; type Alepocephai.us rostratus Risso. 114 THE GENERA OF FISHES CVIII. GOLDFUSS, Handbuch Zoologie, II, 1820.* Georg August Goldfuss. Batrachops Goldfuss; type Lophius commersonianus Lacepede. Substitute for Chironectes, preoccupied. Equivalent to Antennarius. CIX. LE SUEUR, Description of a new Genus and Several New Species of Fresh-Water Fish Indigenous to the United States: Jour. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., II, 1821. Charles A. Le Sueur. Mollinesia Le Sueur, 2 ; type Mollinesia latipinna Le Sueur. ex. HAMILTON, An Account of the Fishes found in the River Ganges and its Branches: Edinburgh, 1822. f Francis Hamilton [formerly Buchanan]. (Often quoted as Francis Hamilton-Buchanan.) Callichrous Hamilton, 149 ; type Silurus bimaculatus Bloch. Synonym of Ompok Lacepede. Cynoglossus Hamilton, 365 ; type Cynoglossus lingua Hamilton. Monotypic. Bola Hamilton, 368; type Bola coitor Hamilton. As restricted by Jurdan. Coius Hamilton, 369; type Coius cobojus Hamilton (Perca scandens Daldorf). As here restricted by us. The first species named, Coius vacti Hamilton, is Lates colonorum. The genus Coius is grossly unnatural and is best served by relegation to synonymy. Hamilton observes: "The Cobojus by the natives is considered as the prototype of their genus 'Coi' from which the name Coius is derived." Equivalent to Anabas Cuvier. Chanda Hamilton, 370; type Chanda ruconius Hamilton. The first unquestioned species named. It is a species of Leiognathus Lace- pede. The others named belong to Ambassis Cuvier. ♦ "AcANTHiOTUS Goldfuss" quoted by .^gassiz (Nomenclator) is merely a mis- print for ACANTHONOTUS. t We are indebted to Mr. John Smallwood for the record of the genera of Hamilton. LEACH & DE LA BiCHE, l822 115 Sisor Hamilton, 379; type SisoR rabdophorus Hamilton. Monotypic. Corica Hamilton, 383; type Corica coborna Hamilton. .Moiiolypic. Apparently an ally of Clupeoides Bleeker, Not Cowcus Cuvier. Chela Hamilton, 383; type Cyprinus cachius Hamilton. The first species named; as restricted by Bleeker, 1862. Gunthcr later re- stricts it to C. coBA Hamilton. Replaces Cachia Gunthcr. Barilius Hamilton, 384; type by tautonomy Cyprinus barila Hamilton. The first species named. Bangana Hamilton, 385; type Cyprinus dero Hamilton. The first species named: probably replaces Tyi-Ocnathus Heckcl and Lobo- CHKILUS van Hasselt. Puntius Hamilton, 388; type Cyprinus puntio Hamilton. My tautonomy. Restricted to Cyprinus sophore Hamilton by Bleeker. Danio Hamilton, 390; type Cyprinus dangila Hamilton. The first species named; as restricted by Bleeker. MoruHus Hamilton, 391 ; type Cyprinus morala Hamilton. The first species named ; restriction by Bleeker. Cabdio Hamilton, yjz; type Cyprinus jaya Hamilton. The first species named. Garra Hamilton, 393 ; type Cyprinus lamta Hamilton. The first species named; as restricted by Bleeker. Replaces Discocnathus Heckel. CXI (A). LEACH & DE LA BECHE, Trans. Zool. Soc. London. (2) 1822. William E. Leach. Dapedium Leach & De La Beche, 45 ; type Dapedium politum Leach (fossil). Written Dapedius by Agassiz. CXI (B). SCHINZ, Das Thierreich, II, 1822. H. R. Schinz. Macrodon Schinz, 482; type Lonchurus ancylodon Bloch & Schneider. Krplaccs ANCYi.ot>oN Cuvier, 1817, preoccupied by Ancylodon IlliRcr, 1811, a genus of mammals. MACRontJN is prior to Sagenichthys Berg, i8q5, also a sub stitute for .^NCYLOI>oN. Not Macrodon Muller & Troschel, which is replaced by HopLiAS Gill, 1903. 116 THE GENERA OF FISHES CXII. VAN HASSELT, (Poissons dc Java) : Allgemeine Konst. en Letterbok, II, 1823. Jan Coenrad van Hasselt. Homaloptera Van Hasselt, 130; type Homaloptera fasciata Van J-Iasselt. Crossocheilus Van Hasselt, 132 ; type Crossocheilus oblongus Van Hasselt. Kampala Van Hasselt, 132; type Kampala macrolepidota Van Has- selt. Lobocheilus Van Hasselt, 133; type Lobocheilus falcifer Van Has- selt. A synimjin of Bangana. Nemacheilus Van Hasselt, 133; type Cobitis fasciatus Valenciennes. Acanthopsis Van Hasselt, 133; type Acanthopsis dialyzona Van Has- selt. Acanthophthalmus Van Hasselt, 133; type Acanthophthalmus fas- ciatus Van Hasselt. Homaloptera \'an Hasselt, 133; type Homaloptera fasciata Van Has- selt. Oxygaster \ an Hasselt, 133; type Oxygaster ano.malurus Van Has- selt. CXIII. DESMAREST, Premiere Decade Ichthyologique, 1823. Anselme Gaetan Desmarest. Diabasis De.smarest, 34; type Diabasis parra Desmarest. Not Diabasis Hoffmansegg, a gemis of beetles, 1819. Replaced by H.e.mulon Cuvier. CXIV. NARDO, Osservasione Aggiunte all' Adriatica Ittiologia, 1824. GiAN Domenico Nardo. Squatinoraja Nardo; type Squatinoraja colonna (Rhinobatus coi.umn.ij MuUer & Henle). A synonym of Rhinobatus. MITCH ILL, 1824 1 17 CXV. MITCHILL, Description of an Extraordinary I'ish: Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y.. I, 1824. Samuel Latham Mitchill. Saccopharynx Mitchill, 82; type Saccopharynx flageulum Mitchill. CXVI. VALENCIENNES, Z)fj<:rt>/»o»t c/m C^rnji: Mem. du Museum, Paris, Xr, 1824. Aciiii.i.E Valenciennes. Polyprion X'alenciennes, 265; type Polyprion cernium Valenciennes. CXVn. OTTO, Propierygia Ityposticta, Nova Acta Acad., 1824. B. C. Otto. Propterygia Otto, in ; type 1'ropterygia uyposticta Otto. A deformed Raj.v, with the pectoral fins free from the head, similar to Cfph- ALEUTUERt's Rafinesque. CXVIII. QUOY & GAIMARD. Voyage Autour du Monde . . . Execute sur les Corvettes I'Uranie et la Physicienne I'mloi Captain Louis de Freycinet, 1824. Jean Rene Constantine Quov ; Joseph Paul Gaimard. This important work, which closely [ireceded the second edition of the Regne Animal, adopted a few iinptil.jished names from Ciivier's manuscripts. Anampses (Cuvier) Quoy & Gaimard. 2j6: type .Xnami-ses cuvikr Q. &G. Monolypir Gerrcs (Cuvier) Quoy 8c Gaimard, 20.^: type Gerrks vakiiknsis Q. & G., which is Sci^na argyrea ForskSl. 118 THE GENERA OF FISHES In this paper the genus Gerres is mentioned for the first time. But two species are named, G. vaigiensis and G. gula. The former belongs to the modern genus Xyst.ima Jordan & Evermann, the latter to Eucinostomus Baird. When Gerres was later defined by Cuvier in the Rcgnc Animal, Sci.ena argyrea, which is identical with G. vaigiensis, is included, and G. gula is not mentioned. It would appear that G. vaigiensis must be taken as type, thus replacing Xyst.«ma. Jordan & Evermann have taken an American species, Gerres lineatus (Hum- boldt) as type. This species is named by Cuvier, but not by Quoy & Gaimard. It cannot therefore serve as the type of Gerres. The genus called Gerres by Jordan & Evermann must apparently stand as Diapterus Ranzani. If Gerres is regarded as preoccupied by Gerris Fabricius, a genus of insects of earlier date, the sub- stitute name of Catoch.enum Cantor, 1850, should be used. Percophis Quoy & Gaimard, 351 ; type Percophis br.asilianus O. & G. Monotypic. Priodon (Cuvier) Quoy & Gaimard, 377; type Priodon annulatus Q. • & G. ~ A species of Naso Lacepede. CXVIII (A). HARLAN, Saurocephalus: Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., Ill (fossil fish), 1S24. Richard Harlan. Saurocephalus Harlan, 339; type Saurocephalus lanciformis Harlan. CXIX. K(J)NIG, Iconcs t'ossiles Sectione, 1825. C. KoNIG. Bucklandium Konig, 4; type Buckl.xndium Dir.uvn Konig. Monotypic. Ampheristus Konig, pi. XV', fig. 190; type Ampheristus toliacus Konig. Monotypic. CXX. BOWDICH, Pishes of Madeira, 1825. T. Edward P.owdich. Labeo Bowdich, 122; type Labeo .sp.aroides Bowdich. A sparoid fish; not Laueo Cuvier, 1817. BOWDICH, 1825 119 Anomalodon Bowdich, 237; type Anomalodon incisus Bowdich. Apparciuly a synonym of Fomauasys Laccpede. Diastodon Bowdich, 238; type Diastodon speciosus Bowdich (Labrus SCROFA Cuv. & \'al.). This genus appears valid. It is near Lepioaplois Gill, but with much smaller scales. Seleima Bowdich, 238; type Seleima aurata Bowdich. .\ synonym of Kyphosus Laccpede ( K. incisor). Amorphocephalus liowdich, 238; type Amorphocephalus granulatus Bowdich. A synonym of Xyrichthys Cuvier. CXXI. Kl.'^iSO, Histoire Naturellc des Principales Productions de I'Europe Mcridionale, vol. Ill, Paris, 1826. Anastase Risso. Lamia Risso, 123; type Squalus cornubicus L. .\lonotypic, A synonym of Lamna Cuvier, 1817. Acanthias Risso, 131 ; type Squalus acanthias L. I-.quivaknt to Squalus L. as restricted. Scyphius Risso, 185; type Scypiiius fasci.vtus Risso. A synonym of Nerophis Rafinesquc, 1810. Onos Risso, 214; type Gadus mustei.a Bloch. .■\ synonym of Gaiuropsarus Rafinesquc. Lotta Risso, 217; type Gadus elongatus Otto. A variant of Lota Cuvier, 1817 ("Les Lottcs") ; apparently not eligible as a substitute for Molva Fleming. Mora Risso, 224; type Mora .viediterranea Risso. Morua Risso, 225: type Gadus capelan Lacepede. .Xccording to Risso. a synonym of TmsiiiTiRus Rafinesquc, 1814; prior to BRACiiYGAiifs Gill (Gadls Mi.NUTUS L.). iMonotypic. Triptcrygion Risso, 241 ; type Tripterygion nasus Risso. Monotypic. Diana Risso, 267; ty])e Diana se.mii.unata Risso. Monolypic. Aphia Kisso, 287; type Aphia .meridionalis Risso. .\p|i.ircnlly a young Atiikrina. Monotypic. Fiatola Risso, 289; type I-iatola fasciata Risso. Monotypic. Apparently a young Stromateus. 120 THE GENERA OF FISHES Ausonia Risso, 341 ; type Ausonia cuvieri Risso. A synonym of Luvarus Rafinesque. Aurata Risso, 355 ; type Aurata semilunata Risso. A synonym of Sparus L. as restricted by Fleming. Macrostoma Risso, 447; type Macrostoma angustidens Risso. Not Macrostomus Wied, a genus of insects; replaced by Notoscopelus Gunther. Alpismaris Risso, 458; type Alpismaris risso Risso. The young of Synodus. Paralepis Risso, 472; type Paralepis coregonoides Risso (Coregonus macRvENUla Risso, 1810). CXXI (A). GERMAR, Keferstein's Deutschland's Geognosie Darge- stellt, 1826. E. F. Germar. Ichthyolithus Germar, IV, 96; type Ichthyolithus esociformis Germar. Perhaps identical with Leptolepis. Ichthyolithus, a term for fossil fishes used by early authors, is perhaps not intended as a scientific name. CXXII. GEOFFROY ST. HILAIRE, Hisioire Naturelle des Poissons de la Mer Rouge et de la Mcditerrance, 1826. Isidore Geoffroy St. Hilaire, Trygon Geoffroy St. Hilaire ; type Trygon grabatus Geoffroy St. Hilaire. This species is not noticed by recent writers. It is apparently a species of TyENiuRA Miiller & Henle, 1842, allied to T^iiNiuRA lymma (Forskal). This is generically distinct from the type of Trygon (Adanson) Cuvier, 1817. St. Hilaire makes no reference to Adanson, from whose manuscripts Cuvier took the name. It is plain that the date of the article which contains the name Trygon is subse- quent to 1825, as a footnote relates to a paper read in October 1825, and printed in November. Hence we assume the date of the present paper as 1826. In any event Trygon St. Hilaire is preceded by Trygon Cuvier, and both are later than Dasyatis Rafinesque and Dasybatis Klein. KAUP, 1826 121 CXXIII. KAUP, Beitrdge cur Amphibiologie und Ichthyologxe: Isis, XIX, 1826. JoHANN Jacob ICvup. Not seen by us. Rachycentron Kaup, 89; type Rachycentron typus. Ximc amended in 1827 (Isis, p. 624) to Rachyckntrum. Replaces Elacate Cuvier. Narke Kaup (Ueber Narke, 65) ; type Raja capensis Gmelin. Replaces Astrape Gray. CXXIV. NARDO, De Proctostego Novum Piscium: in Diario Chem. et Hist. Nat. Ticino, vol. I, 1827. GlAN DOMENICO NaRDO. Proctostegus Nardo, I, 18, 42; type Proctostegus proctostegus Nardo. A synonym of Diana Risso. CXXV. NARDO, Prodromus Ohservationem et Disquisitionetn, Adri- aticcE Ichthyologuc: Giorn, Fisica de Pavia, I, 1827. Aphanius Nardo, 17, 23; type Aphanius nanus Nardo (Cyprinodon CALARITANUS CuV. & Val.). A valid genus replacing Lebias of authors (not of Cuvier) and Micromugil Guli.i, 1861. Local name "Nani vol noni." Acentrolophus Nardo, 11 : type Acentrolophus maculatus Nardo (Perca nigra Gmelin). Suhstitiite for Centrolophus Laccpcdc, regarded as inapplicable. Leptosoma Nardo, 15, 22; type Lepto.soma atrum Nardo. Name preoccupied in Crustacea. Leach, i8ig. "Stogio bastardo"; synonym prnbahly of MoNOCHIRUS. Pastinacae Nardo, 11 ; type Raja pastinaca L. Laevirajae Nardo, II ; type Raja mirai.etus L. CXXVI. HARWOOD, On a Nnvly Discovered Genus of Serpentiform Fishes: Philos Tr.ins.. 1827. J. Makwood. Ophiognathus Harwond. 4<): type Ophiognathus ampullaceus Har- wood. A synonym of Saccopharynx Mitchill. 122 THE GENERA OF FISHES CXXVII. CLOQUET, Nouveau Dictionnaire d'Histoire Naturelle: Nouvelle Edition, XXX, 1827. HiPPOLYTE ClOQUET. Sandat Cloquet, XXX, 126, 129; type Perca lucioperca L. Based on "Les Sandres" Cuvier. A synonym of Sander (Cuvier) Oken. CXXVIII. RUPPELL, Atlas su der Reise in Nordlichen Afrika: Fische des Rothen Meeres, 1828. Eduard Ruppell. Pharopteryx Ruppell, 15; type Pharopteryx nigricans Riippell. A synonym of Plesiops Cuvier as later shown by Ruppell. Lutodeira (Van Hasselt) Ruppell, 17; type Lutodeira indica (Mugil CHANGS L.). A synonym of Changs. Monotypic. Scoliostomus Ruppell, 17; same type. A synonym of Changs. Haliophis Ruppell, 49; type Mur.«na guttata Forskal. Monotypic. Pastinachus Riippell, 82 ; type Raja sephen Forskal. Same as Hypolophus Miiller & Henle. Not Pastinaca Nardo. Asterropteryx Riippell, 138; type Asterropteryx semipunctatus Riip- pell. CXXIX. FLEMING, History of British Animals, 1828. John Fleming. Selanonius Fleming, 169; type Selanonius walker: Flemings Squalus nasus (Bonnaterre). A synonym of Lamna Cuvier. Encrasicholus I'leming, 183 ; type Clupea encrasicholus L. Synonym of Encraulis Cuvier, 1817. Monotypic. Gobitis Fleming, 189; type Cobitis t^nia L. .'\ perversion of Cobitis. Morhua Fleming, 190; type Gadus morrhua L. A synonym of Gadus L. Molva Fleming, 197; type Gadus molva L. STARK, 1828 123 Cernua Fleming, 212: type Perca cernua L. Same as Cernua Schzfer or Acebina Guldenstadt. Cataphractus Fleming, 216; type Cotti's cataphractus L. A syncmym of Agonus Bloch & Schneider. Spinachia Fleming, 219; type Gasterosteus spinachia L. CXXX. STARK, Elements of Natural History, Edinburgh, 2 vols., 1828. John Stark. Latinization of several of Ciiviers names, some of them differing from the form chosen by Oken. These are the following: Brosmus Stark, i, 425: type Gadus brosme Miiller. Same as Brosjie Oken, 1817. Sandrus Stark, i, 452: type Perca lucioperca L. SiiiiiL' as Sander Oken. Stelliferus Stark, i, 459; type Bodianus stellifer Bloch. Same as Stellifer Oken. Cingla Stark, i, 465: type Perca ziNOEr, L. S.iMic as ZiNCEL Oken. Daurada Stark, i, 465; type Sparus aurata L. A synonym of Sparus L. CXXXI. LESSON, Description du Xouveau Genre Ichthyophis: Mem. See. Nat. Hist. Paris, IV, 397, 1828. R. F*. Lesson. Ichthyophis Lesson, 397; type Ichthyophis pantherinus Lesson. Name preoccupied ; replaced by Uroptervcius Riippell. CXXXII. CUVIER & VALENCIENNES. Histoire Naturellc des Poissons, vol. II. 1828. Georges Cuvier and Acmii.i.e \ai.enciennes. The first two volumes fthe first dhc being anatomical and descrip- tive) of this great work preceded the second edition of the Rdgne Ani- mal. The third and fourth volumes, also dated 1829, appeared in the last half of the year. The second edition of the R^gne Animal, \'ol. 11, con- 124 THE GENERA OF FISHES taining the fishes, appeared in the first half of the year 1829, according to Mr. Fowler. Labrax Cuvier & Valenciennes, II, 55 ; type Perca labrax L. (Larbax LUPUS C. & v.). This is Labrax of Klein, but not of Pallas, 181 1. Lates Cuvier & Valenciennes, 88; type Perca nilotica L. Lucioperca Cuvier & Valenciennes, II, no; type Perca lucioperca L. (Lucioperca SANDRA Cuv. & Val. ) . A synonym of Sander Oken. Huro Cuvier & Valenciennes, 125; type Huko nigricans (Labrus sal- MoiDEs Lacepede). The genus is identical with Grystes. Both are synonyms of Micropterus Lacepede. Etelis Cuvier & Valenciennes, II, 127; type Etelis carbunculus Cuv. &Val. Monotypic. Diploprion ( Kuhl & Van Hasselt) Cuvier & Valenciennes, 137; type DiPLOPRioN BiFASciATUM Kuhl & Van Hasselt. Monotypic. Pomatomus (Risso) Cuvier & Valenciennes, II, 171 ; type Pomatomus telescopium Risso. Not Pomatomus Lacepede. Stands as Epigonus Rafinesque. Ambassis (Commerson) Cuvier & Valenciennes, II, 175; type Ck,ntro- POMUS AMBASSIS Lacepede (Ambassis commersoni Cuv. & \'al.), Sci^ENA safgha Forskal. Aspro Cuvier & Valenciennes, II, 188; type Pekca asper L. Equivalent to Asper Schsefer and Asperulus Klein. Not Aspro Commerson. Perca asper is probably generically distinct from Zingel (Cuvier) Oken. The genus may stand as Asper Schsefer or Asperulus Klein, both names of question- able eligibility. Mesoprion Cuvier {Rei^ne Animal, 143), Cuv. & Val., II, 441; type Lutianus lutianus Bloch. Name a substitute for Lutjanus, regarded as barbarous. CXXXIII. BORY DE SAINT VINCENT, Dictionnaire Classique d'Histoire Naturelle, XIII, 201, 1828. Jean Bai'tiste George Marie Boky de St. Vincent. Sandat Bory de St. Vincent, XIII, 204, 1828; type Perca lucioperca L. A synonym of Sander Oken. SEDGWICK & MURCHISON, 1828 125 CXXXIII (A^ SEDGWICK & MURCHISON, FossU Fishes: Trans. Geol. Soc. (2), III, 1828. Adam Sedgwick and Roderic Impey Murchison. Dipterus Sedgwick & Murchison, 143; type Dipterus valenciennesi Sedgwick & Murchison. CXXXIV. CUVIER, Le Regno Animal, distribue d'Aprts son Organi- sation: Edition II, Vol. II (Fishes etc.), 1829. Georges Cuvier. A work of great importance, constituting with the first edition in 1817 the foundation of modern Ichthyology. The classification of fishes by Cuvier was for the first time solidly based on the true basis of Com- parative .Xnatomy. .According to Henry Weed Fowler {Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1907, 264) the first, second, fourth and fifth fascicles of the second volume (Fishes etc.) of the Second Edition of the Rcgne Anitnal api)eared in January, February and March 1829. The third was delayed until about July. The third and fourth volumes of the Histoire Naturelle des Pois- sons appeared later in the same year, 1829. These facts e, oder ab hockericht und bauchericht, GiBBiE." Obviously this is not scientific nomenclature. "Schroter in 1782 (Musei Gottwaldiani Testaceorum, Stcltarum marinum etc., Niirnberg, 58) used Pentackros, but he is not a consistent binomialist, and his 'generic' names are not tenable." It is evident that Pentacf.ros has no standing in nomenclature prior to its use by Cuvier & Valenciennes, unless given it by Schroter in 1782, a matter which awaits decision. cuviER, 1829 127 Helotes Cuvier, 148 (C. & V., Ill, 149) ; type Tiierapon sexlineatus (Juoy & Gaimard. Monotypic. Trichodon (Steller) Cuvier, about 150 (C. & V., Ill, 153); type Trachinus trichodon Steller ■ (Trichodon stelleri Cuv. & Val.). Monotypic. Myripristis Cuvier (about 150), (C. & V., Ill, 160) ; type Myripristis jacobus Cuv. & Val. Beryx Cuvier (about 150), (C. & V., Ill, 222) ; type Beryx decadacty- I.US Cuv. & Val. Pinguipes Cuvier, 153 (C. & V., Ill, zy;) ; type Pinguipes brasii.ianus Cuv. & Val. Monotypic. A synonym of Muciloides Lacepede. Upeneus Cuvier (about 160), (C. & V., Ill, 446) ; type Muli.us bifas- ciatus Lacepede. As first restricted by Blcekcr. Later Bleekcr transferred the name Upf.nrus to the first species named by Cuvier & Valenciennes, Muli-US vittatus ForskM, already the type of his own genus Upeneoides. Mullus bifasciatus became then Parupeneus. This reversal seems to us unjustified. The name has been spoiled Hypeneus. Upeneus should stand. Hemitripterus Cuvier, 164; type Cottus tripterygius Bloch & Scliiicidcr. Hemilepidotus Cuvier, 165; type Corrus hemii.epidutus Tilesius. Monotypic. Sebastes Cuvier, 166; type Perca norvegica Miiller. Blepsias Cuvier, 167; type Blennius villosus Pallas. Miinolypic Apistes Cuvier, 167; type Apistes alatus Cuvier. Agriopus Cuvier ("Les Agriopes"), 168; type Bi.ennius torvus WaV- baum. Pelor Cuvier, 168; type Scorp-cna didactyi-a Pallas (I'i.iok ouscuhdu Cuvier). Monotypic. Name preoccupied for a Renus of beetles, i8i.i. Replaced by Inimicus Jordan & Starks (type Pklor japonicum Cuv & Val), P. fii.auknto- SUM Cuv. & Val. cannot be taken as the type of Pelor, as Cuvier names but one species, the others being then undescribed. This species, with two of the portnral rays tipped with filaments, may belong to a different genus. Oreosoma Cuvier (about 170); type (not named) Oreosoma atian TicuM Cuvier. 128 THE GENERA OF FISHES Corvina Cuvier, 173 ; type Sci^na nigra Gmelin ; part of Sci^na UMBRA L. The species Sci^na umbra L., the type of the genus Sci^ena, was two-fold, a complex about evenly divided of the species called Sci.ena nigra Gmelin and Cheilodipterus aquila Lacepede. The synonymy was disentangled by Cuvier {Mem. du Museum, 1815) and the name Sci-ena umbra retained in place of S. AQUiLA. In accepting this decision we restore the generic name Corvina, for the "Corb," which becomes Corvina nigra, while Sci/Ena replaces Argyrosomus de la Pylaie and Pseudosci^na Bleeker for the "Maigre," which remains SciyUNA umbra L., the type of Sci^na L. Haemulon Cuvier, 175; type H^mulon elegans Cuvier (Sparus sciuRUS Shaw). Lobotes Cuvier, 177; type Holocentrus surinamensis Bloch. Monotypic. Scolopsides Cuvier, 178; type Scolopsides kurita Cuvier. Called ScoLOPSis in Edition I. Dascyllus Cuvier, 179; type Ch.etodon aruanus L. Monotypic. Heliases Cuvier; type (not indicated) Heli.\stes insolatus Cuv. & Val. Identical witli Chromis Cuvier, 1815, not Cromis Browne, 1789, nor Chro.m;s Plumicr. Chrysophris Cuvier, 181 ; type Sparus aurata L. A synonym of Sparus L. Pagellus Cuvier (about 182) ; type Sparus erythrinus L. Pentapus Cuvier ("Les Pentapodes") (about 182) ; type Sp.krus vit- tatus Bloch. Lethrinus Cuvier (about 182) ; type Sparus ciicerohynciius Bloch & Schneider. Oblada Cuvier, 185 ; type Sp.\RUS melanurus L. Monotypic. Maena Cuvier ; type Sparus m^ena L. Taurichthys Cuvier, 192; type Taurichtuvs v.xrius Cuvier. A subgenus of Heniochus Cuvier. Psettus. (Commerson) Cuvier (about 193); ty[)e Cu-irrouoN uhomhkus Bloch & Schneider. Synonym of Monodactvlus Lacepede. Dipterodon Cuvier (about 195) ; type Diptkkodon capensis Cuvier. N'cjt Dii'TKRODON Lacepede, 1803. Monotypic, Replaced by DiciiiSTiu.s Gill. Pempheris Cuvier, 195 ; type Kurtus argenteus Bloch & Schneider (Pempueris toue.\ Cuvier). CLVIER, 1829 129 Auxis Cuvier, 199; type Scomber rocuei Risso (Scomber thazard Lacepede). Sarda Cuvier, 199; type Scomber sarda Bloch. Later (1831) called Pelamys by Cuvier & X'alenciennes. Monotypic. Not Sari>\ Pluniicr. Cybium Cuvier. 199; type Scomber commersoni Lacepede. A synonym of Scomberomorl's Lacepede. 1803. Thyrsites Cuvier (about 200) ; type Scomber atun Euphrasen. Gempylus Cuvier, 200; type Gk.mpvlis serpens Cuvier. This is identical with Lemnisoma of Lesson, but the date of Lemnisoma is i8jo. Elacate Cuvier, II, 20J;, as "les Elacates," the Latin name dating from C. & \'., 1831 ; type Elacate motta C. & V. Synonym of Rachycentron Kaup. Olistus Cuvier, II, 209; type (not named) Olistus malabaricus Cuv. & \'a!. Scyris Cuvier, II, 209: type "i.e (;al d'Alexandrie," Scyris indica Cuv. & V'ai. N'ot separable fruni Aleltis Raf. Blephains Cuvier (about 210) ; type Zeus ciliaris Bloch. Name preoccupied, replaced by Blepharichthys Gill. A synonym of .\lectis. Peprilus Cuvier, 213; type Peprilus crenulatus. I'robably the younK of Peprilus alepidotus Cuvier. Monotypic. Same as Rhombus Lacepede, not of Klein. Astrodermus f Ronelii) Cuvier (about 215) ; type .^strodermus gut- lAiis liDiielli Ms. (Di.\N.\ SEMiLUNAT.\ Risso). Axinurus Cuvier, 225; type Axinurus thynnoiui.s Cuvier. Mnniitypic. Priodon Cuvier, 225; type I'kiouo.n .s.n.nui.aris Cuvier. Polyacanthus ( Kuhl 1 Cuvier, 227 ; tyi)e Trk iiopodus colisa Hamilton. Helostoma (Kuhl) Cuvier, 228; type Helostoma temmincki Cuvier. Monotypic. Spirobranchus Cuvier, 229; type Spirouranc uus capensis Cuvier. .Moii'iypic. Myxodes Cuvier, 238; type (not named) Mvxodes viridis Cuv. & Val. Cirrhibarbus Cuvier ("les Cirrihharbes") 238; type (not ii.iined) CiKKiiiiiARHis capensis Cuv. & Val. Monotypic. Zoarces Cuvier (about 240) ; type Blennius viviparus L. E<|uivalcnt to Enchelvopi;? Gronow, 1763. 130 THE GENERA OF FISHES Plat3^tera (Kuhl & van Hasselt) Cuvier, 248; type Platyptera MELANOCEPHALA K. & V. H. Name preoccupied, replaced by Rhyacichthys Boulenger. Chirus (Steller) Cuvier, about 250; type Labrax lagocephalus Pallas. Substitute for Labrax Klein. Antennarius (Commerson) Cuvier (about 251); type Lophius com- MERSONiANus Lacepedc. Accepted as a substitute for Chironectes Cuvier, 1817, preoccupied. Maltha Cuvier, 252; type Lophius vespertilio L. Synonym of Ogcocephalus Fischer. Monotypic. Lachnolaimus Cuvier, 257; type Lachnolaimus suillus Cuvier. SuiLLUs of Catesby. Monotypic. Anampses Cuvier, 259; type Anampses cuvieri Quoy & Gaimard. Clepticus Cuvier, 261 ; type Clepticus genizara Cuvier. Monotypic. Malacanthus Cuvier, 264; type Coryph.^na plumieri Bloch. Calliodon Cuvier ("les Calliodon"), (about 265) ; type Scarus SPINIDENS Q. & G. Not identical with Callyodon Gronow nor of Bloch & Schneider. Replaced by Cryptotomus Cope, 1871. Odax Cuvier (about 265) ; type Scarus pullus Forster. Monotypic. Not Odax Commerson. Mallotus Cuvier, II, 305; type Salmo grcenlandicus Bloch (Clupea VILLOSA Gmelin). Thymallus Cuvier, 306; type Salmo thymallus L. Regarded by some as preoccupied by Thymalus Latreille, 1802, a genus of beetles ; replaced by Choregon Minding, 1832. But the scantily noted Thymal- lus of Linck, 1791, has priority over Thymalus, if acceptable. The root-words of Thymallus and Thymalus are not identical, Thymallus being a Latin name of the Grayling. Coregonus Cuvier; type Salmo oxyrhynchus L. Alosa Cuvier, 319; type Clupea alosa L. Same as Alosa Linck. Chatoessus Cuvier, 320; type Megalops cepedianus Le Sueur. As restricted by Cuv. & Val. Equivalent to Dorosoma Rafincsquc. Thryssa Cuvier; type Clupea setirostris Broussonet (Tiirissa Cuv. & Val., 1817). Not Thrissa Rafinesquc, 1815. To be replaced by Thrissoclfs Jordan, a new generic name. AGASSIZ, 1829 131 Motella Cuv'.er, 334; type Gadus mustela L. Substitute for Mustela Cuvier, 1817, preoccupied in mammals. Identical with Gaidropsabus Rafinesque, 1810. Monochir Cuvier, 336; type Pleuronectes microchirus De la Roche. Siibstitiilc fnr MoNOCHiRUS, preoccupied. Not sufficiently diflfercnt. Osteoglossum (V'andelli) Cuvier (about 390); type Osteoglossijm VANDELLi Cuvier. Gymnarchus Cuvier (about 390) ; type Gymnarchus nilgticus Cuvier. Triodon Cuvier (about 390) ; type Triodon bursarius Reinwardt. Anacanthus (Ehrenberg) Cuvier (about 390) ; type (not named) Raja uar.vak Forskal. Monotypic. Replaces Himantura Miiller, 1837. Heterotis Ehrenberg; type SuDis niloticus Cuv. & Val. Quoted from the RiRite Animal by Giinther, but we do not find it there. Ap- parently it appears first in Cuv. & Val., XIX, 465, 1846. CXXXV. AGASSIZ (and Spix), Selecta Genera et Species Piscium quos in Itinere per Brasiliam, 18//, 1820, Collejit Dr. J. B. de Spix, 1829. Louis Agassiz ami Ji;an Baptiste Spix. The date of this work is apparently a little later than that of tlie Second Edition of the Rigne Animal. Acanthicus Spix, 2; type Acanthicus hystrix Spix. Rhinelepis Spix, 2; type Rhinelepis aspera Spix. Cetopsis Agassiz, 8; type Cetopsis CvECUTIENS Agassiz. Hypophthalmus Spix, 9; type HYr'orHTiiALMUS edentulus Spix. Phractocephalus Agassiz, 10; type Phractocephalus bicolor Agassiz. Platystoma .Agassiz, 10; type Sii.urus lima Bloch & Schneider. .Name preoccupied by a genus of flics, Mcigcn. l8oj. Glanis Agassiz, 10; type not named. Name given in dative case only "In Glanide Agass." Substitute for Ragre Cuvier, rejected because of barbarous origin. Afterwards (1856) Glanis was revived as the generic name for the Greek cat-fish, Glanis aristotelis Agassiz, which i( perhaps a Parasilurus. 132 THE GENERA OF FISHES Ceratorhynchus Agassiz, lo; type Silurus militaris Bloch & Schneider. Not L. Name given in genitive only as "Ceratorhynchi." Genus close to Ageneiosus Lacepede but with the two short barbels replaced by erectile bony weapons. Centrochir Agassiz, 14; type Doras crocodili Humboldt. Based on a species of Doras "non modo pinna pectorali uniradiata sed etiam appendice quadriradiata primae caudalis maxime." Sorubim Spix, 24; type Silurus lima Bloch & Schneider. Replaces Platvstoma. Xiphorhynchus Agassiz, 18; type Salmo falc.\tus Bloch. Salminus Agassiz, 18; type Hvdrocyon brevidens Cuvier. Osteoglossum (Vandelli) Agassiz, 46; type Osteoglossum vandelli Cuv. & \'al. Ischnosoma Spix, 47; type Isciinosoma bicirrhosum Spix. A deformed Osteoglossum. Glossodus ( Cuvier ) Agassiz, 48 ; type Glossodus forskali Agassiz (ESOX VULPES L.). Same as Albula Gronow. Anodus Spix, 57 ; type Anodus elongatus Spix. Prochilodus Agassiz, 57; type Prociiilodus argenteus Spix. Leporinus Spix, 58; type Leporinus novemfasciatus Spix. Schizodon Agassiz, 58; type Schizodon fasciatus Agassiz. Same as Anostomus Gronow. Rhaphiodon Agassiz, 59; type Rhaphiodon vulpinus Agassiz. Cynodon Spix, 59, 76; type Cynodon girbus Spix. As restricted by Eigenmann. Not Cynodonta Schuhmacher, 1817, a genus of mollusks. Name changed to Rhaphiodon because earlier used in botany. Xiphostoma Spix, 60, 78; type Xiphostoma cuvieri Spix. Micropteryx Agassiz, 102; type (not named) Seriola dumerii,i Cuvier. Substitute for Seriola, preoccupied in botany. A synonym of Seriola Cuvier. Corniger Agassiz, 119; type Corniger spinosus Agassiz. Pachyurus Agassiz, 125; type Pachyurus squamipinnis Agassiz. CUVIER & VALENCIENNES, 1829 133 CXXXVI. CUVIER & \'ALENCIENNES, Histoire Naturelle des Poissons, IV, 1829. Georges Cuvier and Achille Valenciennes. Hoplichthys Cuv. & \ al., I\', XIX, 1829: type I lonii irniYS lancs- DORi-ii Cuv. & \'al. Called HoPLirHTHVS in tabic of contents, Oplichthys in the text. Oplichthys Cuv. & \ al., 1\', 264, 1829; type Oim.riitiiv.s LANr.sDORi'ii Cuv. & \'al. A variant in spelling. Bembras Cuv. & Val., IV, 282; type Bembras japonicus Cuv. & Val. Minous Cuv. & \'al., I\', 420, 1829; type Minous woora Cuv. & Val. Name changed to Corvthobatus by Cantor, 1850. on account of MiNOis Hiib- ncr, 1816, a genus of butterflies. Hoplostethus Cuv. & \'a]., I\', 469; type Hoplostethus mediterran- Eus Cuv. & \'al. CXXX\'II. COCCO, Su Alcuni Nuovi Pesce del Mar di Messina: Archivio della R. .\cademia Peloritano, 1829. Anastasio Cocco. Argyropelecus Cocco, 146; type Arc.vropelecus hemigymnus Cocco. CXXXVIII. COCCO, Su Alcuiti Nuovi Pesci del Mar di Messina: Giorni Sci. Lett. Sicilia, XXVI, no. 77, 1829. Nyctophus Cocco, 44; type Nv(T()imii s rafinesquei Cocco. Substitute for Myctophum. CXXXIX. COCCO, Sullo Schedophilus Medusa pfiagus: Giorn, Cabin de Messina, I. 30 to 32; also quoted as Innom. Messina Ann., ill, 1S29, p. 57. Schedophilus Cocco, 30, 57; ty|)e Sciikdopiiilus medusophagus Cocco. We have seen none of these papers of Cocco. 134 THE GENERA OF FISHES CXL. SERVILLE, Faune Frangaise, 1820 to 1830. "Livraison 24 par M. Serville" contains the fishes. This bears no date, but it was probably issued about 1829. It is not quoted by Cuvier, nor does it quote Cuvier. The date is not important, as no question of priority is concerned. This work is commonly ascribed to Blainville, who with Vieillot, Desmarest, Serville and others edited the series. In any event, the work is based on Blainville's Prodrome. All of Blainville's generic names ending in batus are here changed to batis. Audinet-Serville. Dasybatis Serville, 12, 1829 ("raies epineuses") ; type Raja b.vtis L. Same as Raja. Narcobatis (Blainville) Serville, 45 ("raies torpilles") ; type Raia TORPEDO L. Same as Narcacion Klein, Torpedo Dumeril, not of Forskal. Called Narco- BATUS by Blainville, 1816. Pristibatis Serville, 49 ("raies scies") ; type Squalus pristis L. (Pristibatis antiquorum Blainville). CXLI. VALENCIENNES, Poissons Fossiles: Trans. Geol. Soc, III, 1829. AcHiLLE Valenciennes. Osteolepis Valenciennes, 144; type Osteolepis macrolepidotus Valen- ciennes. CXLII. CUVIER & VALENCIENNES, Histoire Naturelle des Pois- sons, Vols. V (January) and VI (July) 1830. Georges Cuvier and Acuille Valenciennes. Larimus Cuvier & Valenciennes, V, 146; type Larimus breviceps Cuv. & Val. Monotypic. Nebris Cuvier & Valenciennes, V, 149; type Nebris microps Cuv. & Val. Not NicBRiA Latreille, 1802, a genus of beetles. Monotypic. CUVIER & VALENCIENNES, 183O 135 Lepipterus Ciivier & Valenciennes, V, 151 ; type Lepipterus francisci Cuv. &. \'al. Monotypic. Boridia Cuvier & Valenciennes, V, 154; type Boridia grossidens Cuv. it Val. Monotypic. Conodon Cuvier & Valenciennes, V, 156; type Conodon antillanus Cuv. & Val. (Perca nobilis L.). Monotypic. Same as Chelonicer Plumier. Eleginus Cuvier & Valenciennes, 158; type Eleginus maclovinus Cuv. & Val. Monotypic. Not Eleginus Fischer, 1813. Replaced by Elecinops Gill. Micropogon Cuvier & Valenciennes, V, 213 ; type Micropogon lineatus Cuv. & Val. (Perca undulata L.). The original types of lineatus were from New York. Latilus Cuvier & Valenciennes, V, 368; type Latilus argentatus Cuv. & Val. (Coryph^na japonica Houttuyn). A synonym of Branchiostegus Rafinesque, 181 5. Macquaria Cuvier & Valenciennes, V, ^j^ ; type Macquaria austra- lasica Cuv. & Val. Monotypic. Etroplus Cuvier & Valenciennes, V, 486; type Etroplus meleagris Cuv. & Val. (Cii.etodon suratensis Bloch). As restricted by Blecker. Box Cuvier & Valenciennes, VI, 346; type Sparus boops L. (Box vul- garis Cuv. & Val.). A synonym of BooPS Cuvier. Scatharus Cuvier & \'alenciennes, VI, 375 ; type Scatharus gr^cus Cuv. & Val. Monotypic. Crenidens Cuvier & Valenciennes, VI, 377; type Crenidens forskalm Cuv. & Val. Monotypic. Aphareus Cuvier & Valenciennes, VI, 485; type Labrus furcatus LaceiK-de. Monotypic. Aprion Cuvier & Valenciennes, VI, 544; type Aprion virescens Cuv. & Val. M'lnntypic. Apsilus Cuvier & Valenciennes, VI, 548; type Apsilus fuscus Cuv. & Val. Monotypic. 136 THE GENERA OF FISHES CXLIII. BENNETT, Catalogue of the Fishes of Sumatra: in Life and Public Services of Sir Stamford Raffles, 1830. Edward Turner Bennett. Monotaxis Bennett, 688: type Monotaxis indica Bennett (Sci.ena grandoculis Forskal). Replaces Sph^rodon Riippell. CXLIV. BRONN, Ueber Zwei Fossile Fischarten : Neues Jahrbuch Mineralogie, 1830. Heinrich Georg Bronn. Tetragonolepis Bronn, 30; type Tetragonolepis semicinctus Bronn. Monotypic. CXLV. HAYS, Saurodon: Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc, III, 1830. I. Hays. Saurodon Hays, 475; type Saurodon leanus Hays (fossil). CXLVI. CUVIER & VALENCIENNES, Histoire Naturellc des Pois- sons, VII (January) and YHI (October), 1831. Georges Cuvier and Achille Valenciennes. Chelmon Cuvier & Valenciennes, VII, 86; type Ch.^-:todon rostratus L. Zanclus (Commerson) Cuv. & \'al., MI, ynonym of Nerophis Rafinesque. We take this incomplete reference from Bonaparte, Calalogo Metodico, 1846, 91. 138 THE GENERA OF FISHES CXLVIII. GRAY, Description of Twelve New Genera of Fish found by General Hardwicke in India: Zool. Misc., 1831, 7-10. John Edward Gray. Centracion Gray, 5 ; type Centracion zebra Gray. Equivalent to Heterodontus Blainville, regarded as preoccupied by Heterodon Latreille, a genus of serpents. Temera Gray, 7, 152; type Temera hardwickei Gray. Monotypic. Also in 111. Ind. Zool. Botia Gray, 8; type Botia almorh.e Gray. Nandina Gray, 8; type Cyprinus nandina Hamilton. Chaca Gray, 8; type Platystacus chaca Hamilton. Coilia Gray, 9; type Coilia Hamilton: Gray. Raconda Gray, 9 ; type Raconda russelliana Gray. Moringua Gray, 9; type Moringua lateralis Gray. Also in 111. Ind. Zool., 95. CXLIX. GRAY, Illustrations of Indian Zoology, chiefly selected from the collection of General Hardwicke. Two volumes of excellent plates, but without text ; the plates not paged, but with manuscript numbers. Vol. I, 1830-1832, Vol. H, 1833- 1834. The exact dates are uncertain. The first five of the following occur in CXLVIII ; also, pp. 8, 9. Ailia Gray, 85, 1831 ; type Ailia bengalensis Gray. Acanthonotus Gray, 85, 1831 ; type Acanthonotus cuvieri Gray (Ailia bengalensis Gray). Name preoccupied. Same as Ailia. Based on injured specimen. Anacanthus Gray, 85, 1831 ; type Anacanthus barbatus Gray. Name preoccupied by Anacanthus Ebrenberg, 1829. Replaced by Psiloceph- ALUS Swainson. Diplopterus Gray, 87, 1831 ; type Diplqpterus pulcher Gray. Nfit identified; said to have two anal fins. Name preoccupied in birds, Boie. Rataboura Gray, 95, 1831 ; type Mur.ena rataboura Hamilton (Rata- BOURA HARDWICKEI Gray). Same as Moringua Gray, but with line priority. GRAY, 1833 139 Bedula Gray, 88, 1833 ; type Beduua nebulosa Gray. A synonym of Nandus Cuv. & Val., 1831. Pterapon Gray, II, 88, 1833; type Pterapon trivittatus Gray (Sci^na JARBUA Forskal). A synonym of Therapon Cuvier. Amora Gray, II, 90, 1833, corrected in manuscript to Anaora; type Amora tentaculata Gray. Not identified. A platycephalus-like fish with tentacles over eye and spinules on sides. Perhaps a species of Thvsanophfvs Ogilby. Apterygia Gray, II, 92, 1833 ; type .^pterygia ramcarate Gray. Same as Raconda Gray. Tor Gray, II, 96, 1833; type Cyprinus tor Hamilton (Tor hamiltoni Gray). Replaces Labeobarbus Bleeker. Bcngala Gray, 96, 1833; type Cyprinus elanga Hamilton. Replaces Mecarasbora Giinther, 1868. Amanses Gray, II, 98, 1833: type Amanses hystrix Gray (Monacan- Tnus scopas Cuvier). Acarana Gray, II, 98, 1833; type Ostracion auritus Shaw. Also in Annals Nat. Hist., 1, 110, 1838. Girella Gray, II, 98, 1833: type Girella punctata Gray. CL. GRAY, Description of three new species of fish including two un- described genera discovered by John Reeves in China: Zoological Miscellany, 1831. Leucosoma Gray, 4; type Leucgsgm.v reevesi Gray (Albula chinen- sis Osbeck). Monotypic. .\ synonym of Salanx Cuvier and of Albula Osbeck. Samaris Gray, 4; type Samaris cristatus Gray. Monotypic. CLI. GRAY, Description of a new genus of Percoid fish, discovered by Samuel Stutchbury in the Pacific Seas: Zoological Miscellany, 1831. Micropus Gray, 20; type Micropus maculatus Gray. Name preoccupied by MicROPtJs Wolf, 1810, a genus of birds. Replaced by Caracanthus Kroyer, 1844 (C. typicus). 140 THE GENERA OF FISHES CLI (A). LESSON, I'oyage Autour du Monde sur la corvette La Coquille, under Captain L. I. Duperrey, 1830. R. P. Lesson. Lemnisoma Lesson, 160; type Lemnisoma thyrsitoides Lesson. A synonym of Gempylus Cuvier. CLIL MINDING, Lehrbuch, Naturgeschichte der Fische, 1832. Julius Minding. Not seen by us. Pompilus Minding, 108; type Gasterosteus ductor L. Same as Naucrates. Choregon Minding, 119; type Salmo thymallus L. Substitute for Thymallus Cuvier, regarded as preoccupied by Thymalus Latreille, 1802, a genus of beetles. But the two names seen to be from different roots. Thymallus Linck, with a word or two of definition, is older than Thy- malus Latreille. CLIII. NILSSON, Prodromus Ichthyologice Scandinavica, 1832. S. NiLSSON. Salvelini Nilsson, 7; type Salmo salvelinus L. (Salmo alpinus L.). As group name. The normal form Salvelinus used by Richardson, Fauna Boreali Americana, III, 169, 1836. CLIV. AGASSIZ, Fossile Fischreste: Neues Jahrliuch Mineralogie, 1832. Louis (Jean Rodolphe) Agassiz. Ptycholepis Agassiz, 142; type Ptycholepis bollensis Agassiz. Uraeus .Agassiz, 142 ; type Uk.kus furcatus Agassiz. Xanic preoccupied by Waglcr, 1830. Replaced by Caturus Agassiz, 1834. Sauropsis Agassiz, 142 ; type Sauropsis latus Agassiz. Pholidophorus Agassiz, 145; type Piiolidopiiorus ma( uockimialus .\L,^issiz. Semionotus Agassiz, 144; type Semionotus bergeri Agassiz. VON MEYER, 1832 141 Lepidotes Agassiz, 145; type Leimdotes gigas Agassiz (Cvprinus i.i.vENSis Blainville). Later written Lepidotus. Lcptolepis Agassiz, 146; type Leptolepis bronni Agassiz. Acanthoessus Agassiz, 149; type Acanthoessus bronni Agassiz. Later called .Xcanthodes. CL\-. \ON MEYER, Palaologka. 1832. H. VON Meyer. Lepidosaurus von Meyer, 208: type Lepidotus unguiculatus Agassiz. A synonym of Lepidotes. CLVI. BONAP.\RTE, Iconografia delta Fauna Italica: III. 1832-1841. Carlo Luciano Principe Bonaparte (othei^ise Charles Lucien Bonaparte, Prince of Canino). An elaborate and finely illustrated work, issued in fascicles, these being numbered but not paged. The number of the fascicle is noted below, with the a[)pro.ximate date of each. Cerna Bonaparte, 18. 1832; type Perca gigas Briinnich (,Labrus <;UAZA L.j. A synonym of Epinephfxus Bloch as now restricted. Microchirus Bonaparte, 28, 1832; type Pleuronectes microchirus De la Roche. MoNOCHiRUS Cuvier, not of Rafinesque. Monochirus Bonaparte.* 28, 1832; type Soi.ea .monochir Bonaparte. Saim- as Mi»N'pic. CLVIII. LOWE, Description of a New Genus of Acanthopterygian Fishes: Proc. Zool. See. London, 1833. Richard Thomas Lowe. Alepisaurus Lowe, 104 ; type Alepisaurus ferox Lowe. Monotypic. Equivalent to Plagvodus Stcller, 181 1. CLIX. LOWE, Characters of a New Genus and of Several New Species of I'ishes from Madeira: Proc. Zool. Soc. London, I, 1833. (Also repeated in other papers.) Leirus Lowe, 142; type Leirus bennetti Lowe = Centrophorus ovalis Cuv. & Val., i833 = MuPus imperialis Cocco, 1833. Same as Mupus Cocco of the same date. Leirus may be given precedence. CLX. COCCO, Lettere al Signor Risso su alcuni Pesci Novelli: Giom. Sci. Lett. Sicilia, XLII, no. 124, 1833. Anastasio Cocco. Tylosurus Cocco; type Tylosurus cantraini Cocco (Esox imperialis Kafinesque). CLXI. COCCO, Su Alcuni Pesci dei Mare di Messina: Giorn. Sci. Lett. Sicilia, XLII, 1833. Mupus Cocco, 20; type Murus imperialis Cocco (Centrolophus OVALIS Cuv. & Val.). Same as Leirus Lowe of the same date. 144 THE GENERA OF FISHES CLXII. COCCO, Osservationes Peloritani, XIII, April 1833. Ruvettus Cocco, 1833, 18; type Ruvettus pretiosus Cocco. CLXIII. NARDO, De Skeponopodo novo piscium genere et de Guebucu Margrazni; Species illi cognata: Mem. Assem. Nat. Vienna, Isis, 1833, fasc. 416. GiAN Domenico Nardo. Skeponopodus Nardo, 416; type Skeponopodus typus Nardo (Xiphias imperator Bloch & Schneider). A synonym of Tetraptubus. CLXIV. AGASSIZ, Poissons Fossiles, 1833. Louis Agassiz. Catopterus Agassiz, II, 3; type Catopterus analis Agassiz. A synonym of Dipterus. Amblypterus Agassiz, II, 3, 28; type Amblypterus latus Agassiz. Notagogus Agassiz, 10; type Notagogus pentlandi Agassiz. Microps Agassiz, II, 10; type Microps furcatus Agassiz. Perhaps not distinct from Pholidophorus ; name preoccupied in beetles, Meigen, 1823. Pachycormus Agassiz, II, 11 ; type Elops macropterus Blainville. Thrissops Agassiz, II, 12; type Thrissops formosus Agassiz. Megalurus Agassiz, II, 13 ; type Megalurus lepidotus Agassiz. Aspidorhynchus Agassiz, II, 14; type Esox acutirostris Blainville. Saurostomus Agassiz, II, 14; type Saurostomus esocinus Agassiz. Near to Pachycormus; perhaps not distinguishable. Gyrodus Agassiz, II, 16; type Gyrodus macrophthalmus Agassiz (MiCRODON ABDOMINAI.IS AgaSsiz). Microdon Agassiz, II, 16; type Microdon ei.egans Agassiz. Name preoccupied by Meigen, 1803, a genus of Diptkra. Pycnodus Agassiz, II, 16; type Zeus 1'i,ati-:ssus Blainville (Corypii^na APODA Volta). AGASSIZ, 1833 145 Cyclopoma Agassiz, IV, 17, 1833 ; type Cyclopoma gigas Agassiz. Calamostoma Agassiz, II, 18; type Syngnathus breviculus Blainville. Mon^typic. Acanthodes Agassiz, II, 19; type Acanthoessus bronni Agassiz. A needless substitute for Acanthoessus. Smerdis Agassiz, IV, 32, 1833; type Perca minuta Blainville. 146 THE GENERA OF FISHES RECAPITULATION. Suggested Changes in Generic Nomenclature of Fishes. A. Changes resting in Priority. The following changes from current Nomenclature, apparently jus- tified by the law of priority and the accepted rules, result from the present survey. Acanthoessus Agassiz: in place of Acanthodes Agassiz (fossil). Alabes Cuvier: Cheilobranchus Richardson. Alosa Linck: Alosa Cuvier. Anacanthus Ehrenberg: Himantura Miiller. Anchoviella Fowler: Stolephorus Bleeker (not Lacepede). Apteronotus Lacepede: Sternarchus Bloch & Schneider. Bagre Cuvier : Felichthys Swainson, Ailurichthys Baird. Barbatula Linck : Oreias Sauvage, Orthrias Jordan & Fowler. Bengala Gray (1833) • Megarasbora Gijnther, 1868. Bodianus Bloch : Harpe Lacepede. Branchiostegus Rafinesque: Latilus Cuv. & Val. Caranx Lacepede : Carangus Griffith. Catonotus Agassiz : Ethestoma Jordan, not Raf . Cephalopholis Bloch & Schneider: Bodianus Cuv. & Val. (not Bloch). Enneacentrus Gill. ChelonRose: Ch^nomugil Gill. Citharus Rose : Eucitharus Gill. Clupanodon Lacepede : Konosirus Jordan & Snyder. Conger Houttuyn : Conger Cuvier. Corvina Cuvier: Sci-^na Jordan & Evermann (not of Cuvier), Cora- cinus Pallas. Curimata Walbaum: Curimatus Cuvier. Diapterus Ranzani : Gerres Jordan & Evermann (not of Quoy & Gaimard). Echeneis L. : Leptecheneis Gill. Echelus Rafinesque : Myrus Cuvier. Etheostoma Rafinesque : Diplesion Raf. RECAPITULATION 147 Eucemrarchus Gill: Centrarchus Jordan & Evermann (not of Cuv. & \al.). Gaidropsarus Rafinesque: Motella Cuvier. Gerres Cuvier: Xyst^ema Jordan & Evermann. Gnathanodon Hleeker: ( Caranx si'Eciosus ). Hemiulis Swainson (as restricted by Bonaparte, 1839) : Halichceres Ruppell, Chcerojulis Gill. Histrio Fischer: Pteryphryne Gill, Pterophrynoides Gill. Hoplias (iill: Macrodon Miiller & Troschel. Hypacanthus Rafinesque: Camptogramma Regan. Inimicus Jordan & Starks: Pelx)R Cuv. & Val. Leucichthys Dybowski : Argyroso.mus Agassiz. Lycodontis McClelland: Gymnothorax Giinther (not of Bloch). Macrodon .Schinz: .Ancylodon Cuvier, Sagenichtuys Berg. Macrognathus Lacepede: Rhynciiobdella Bloch & Schneider. Macrorhynchus Lacepede: Dicrotus Giinther. Membras I'.onaparte: Kirti.andia Jordan & Evermann. Merolepis Rafinesque: (S.maris zichka). Micrometrus Gibbons: Abeona Girard. Mola Kcelreuter: Mou\ Cuvier. Mugiloides Lacepede: Pinguipes Cuvier. Narke Kaup: Astrape Gray. Naso Lacepede: Monoceros Bloch & Schneider. Ompok Lacepede: Callichrous Hamilton. Ovoides Cuvier : Ovoides Lacepede. Pastinachus Ruppell: IIypolophus Miiller & Henle. Pentanemus Giinther: Polynemus Gill (not of L. as restricted). Peprilus Cuvier: Rhombus Lacepede. Phycis Rose : Phycis Bloch & Schneider. Plagyodus .^teller: Ai.episaurus Lowe. Poecilichthys .\gassiz : Etiieostoma Jordan & Evermann (not of Raf- inesque as restricted). Polynemus L. : Poi.vnACTYt.us Lacepede. Porcus St. llilaire: Bagrus Cuv. & Val. Quinquarius Jordan : Pentaceros Cuvier. Remora Forster: Remora Gill. Sardina ,'\ntipa (S. pilch ardus). Sardinella \al., Amblvgaster Bleeker, Sardinia Poey. Sciaena L. : Argyro.somls Dc la Pylaie, Pseudosclbna Bleeker. Scylliorhinus Blainville: Catulus Smith. 148 THE GENERA OF FISHES Sphyraena Rose: Sphyilena Bloch & Schneider. Spicara Rafinesque: S maris Cuv. Stolephorus Lacepede : Spratelloides Bleeker. Syngnathus L. : Siphostoma Raf . Thrissocles Jordan * : Thryssa Cuvier. Thjmiallus Linck: Thymallus Cuvier. Tor Gray (1833) : Labeobarbus Bleeker. Torpedo Houttuyn : Torpedo Dumeril. Trisopterus Rafinesque : Morua Risso, Brachygadus Gill. Typhlinus Rafinesque: Typhle Rafinesque, Siphonostomus Kaup. Xystramia t Jordan: Glossamia Goode & Bean (not of Gill). Zoramia t Jordan: Mionorus Jordan & Scale (not of Kreflft"). B. Changes resulting from the operations of Opinions 20, j/. Taking the precedent of Opinion 20, which admits as eligible the generic names of Gronow, and that of 37, admitting those of Brisson, the following changes seem necessary, the status of Klein being almost identical with that of Gronow. Amia Gronow : instead of Apogon Lacepede. Amiatus Rafinesque: Amia L. Brama Klein : Abramis Cuvier. Callyodon Gronow : Scarus Forskal. Cestracion Klein : Sphyrna Rafinesque. Coracinus Gronow : Dipterodon Cuvier. Cyclogaster Gronow : Liparis Scopoli. Dasybatus Klein : Dasyatis Rafinesque. Enchelyopus Gronow : Zoarces Cuvier. Glaucus Klein : Hypodis Rafinesque, C^siomorus Lacepede. Hepatus Gronow: Teuthis L., Acanthurus Forskal. Labrax Klein: Dicentrarchus Gill. Lepodus Rafinesque : Brama Bloch & Schneider. Leuciscus Klein : Leuciscus Cuvier. Maenas Klein: M/ENa Cuvier. Mystus Gronow : Hypselobagrus Giinther. Narcacion Klein : Narcobatus Blainville. * Type Clupea setirostris Broussonct. t Type Glossamia pandionis Goode & Bean: See Copea, 1917, p. 46. t Type Apogon gr«ffei Giinther: See Copea, 1917, p. 46. RECAPITULATION M9 Pristis Klein : Pristis Linck. Prochilus Klein: Pholis Cuv. & Val. (preoccupied). Pseudopterus Klein : Pterois Cuvier. Rhina Klein: Squatina Dumeril. Rhinobatus Klein: Rhinobatus Linck. Rhombus Klein: Bothus Rafinesque. Sargus Klein : Diplodus Rafinesque, Sargus Cuvier. (new name) Cichla Bloch & Schneider. (new name) Soi.enostomus Lacepede. C. Changes resulting from the operations of Opinion 24, which legalises the names of Commerson in Laceptde. Those of Plumier in Lace- pede are precisely similar. Alticus Commerson : in place of Rupiscartes Swainson. Cheloniger Plumier: Conodon Cuvier. Chromis Plumier: Umbrina Cuvier. Unless Cro.mis Browne is ac- iffjled. Encrasicholus Commerson : Anchoviella Fowler. Pagrus I'himier: Neom^nis Girard. Sarda I'iumier: Ocyurus Gill, (new name) Pagrus Cuvier. (new name) Sarda Cuvier. (new name) Odax Cuvier. D. Hypothetical changes in Nomenclature according to the law of prior- ity but doubtfully eligible, being reiised reprints or translations of pre-Linmcan authors: apparently to be rejected under (J pinion 57, Albula Osbeck : Salanx Cuvier. Apocryptcs Osbeck: A valid genus, near Boleoimituai mus Hloch & Schncitier. Butyrinus Lacepede: .'\lhula Gronow. Cromis Browne: PocoNi as Lacepede. Hcliases Cuvier: Chromis Cuvier. Helops r.rowne: Bodianus Bloch. Menidia Browne: Anchoviella Fowler, Encrasicholus Commerson. Pclmatia Browne: Gobio.morii.s Lacepede, Piiilvpnus Cuvier. Plagusia Browne: Sympiiurus Rafinesque. Rhomboida Browne: Vomer Cuvier. Saurus I'.rowne: Oligoplites Gill. ISO THE GENERA OF FISHES E. Changes as under D but the alleged generic names, perhaps to be re- garded as Latin vernaculars. Acus Catesby: Psalisostomus Klein, Lepisosteus Lacepede. Alburnus Catesby: Menticirrus Gill. Bagre Catesby: Ameiurus Rafinesque. Harengus Catesby: Harengula Cuv. & Val. Salpa Catesby : Neom^nis Girard. Saltatrix Catesby: Pomatomus Lacepede. Solea Catesby: Platophrys Swainson. Suillus Catesby: Lachnolaimus Cuvier. Unicornis Catesby: Osbeckia Jordan & Evermann. (new name) Alburnus Rafinesque. (new name) Solea Quensel. F. Changes in accord with the laiv of priority, but questionable on ac- count of irregularities not yet passed upon by the Commission of Nomenclature. Abuhamrur Forskal: Priacanthus Cuvier. Asper Schsefer: Aspro Cuvier. Asperulus Schsefer: Zingel Oken. Cernua Schaefer: Acerina Giildenstadt, Gymnocephalus Bloch. Daba Forskal: Epinephelus Bloch. Djabub Forskal : Therapon Cuvier. Galeus Valmont : Prionace Cantor. Gaterin Forskal : Plectorhynchus Lacepede. Ghanan Forskal : Scolopsis Cuvier. Hobar Forskal: Lutianus Bloch. Louti Forskal : Variola Swainson. Mustelus Valmont : Cynias Gill. Pleuracromylon Gill : Mustelus Leach. Quinquarius Jordan: Pentaceros Cuvier. Ramphistoma Rafinesque : Belone Cuvier. Schour Forskal: Lethrinus Cuvier. Schraitzer Schsefer: Leptoperca Gill. Tahmel Forskal: Kyphosus Lacepede. Vulpecula Valmont : Alopias Rafinesque. G. Changes due to virtual preoccupation of names now in use. If we follow the current practice of regarding generic names in words otherwise similar and from identical roots, the same word if diflfering RECAPITULATION 151 only in gender, in the presence or absence of the initial h in words of Greek origin, or by the use of t or o as a connective, the following changes are necessary in the current nomenclature, as given by Jordan & Evermann, Fishes N. M. America, 1898. Cenisophius Bonaparte: in place of Leucos Heckel, on account of the earlier Leucus. Centridermichthys Richardson: Track iderm us Heckel; Trachy- DKKMA. Cheilonemus * Baird : Leucosomus Heckel ; Leucosoma. Cremnobatcs Gunther: Auchenipterus Giinther; Auchenopterus. Cynicoglossus Bonaparte : Microstomus Gottsche ; Microstoma. Eudulus I'owicr; Dules Cuvier; DuLUS. Evermannellus Fowler: Odontostomus Cocco; Odontostoma. Haloporphyrus Gunther: Lepidion Swainson ; Lepidia. Hemiulis Swainson (as restricted by Bonaparte, 1839) ; Halichceres Riippell ; Halichcerus. Hypolophus Miiller: Pastinachus Riippell; Pastinaca. Nebrodes (iarman : Nebrius Riippell ; Nebria. Notoscopelus Giinther: Macrostoma Risso ; Macrostomus. Pisciregia Abbott : Gastropterus Cope; Gastropteron. Podateles I'.oulenger : Atei.eopus Schlegel ; Atelopus. Quassilabia Jordan & Brayton : Lagocuila J. & B. ; Lagocheilus. Scaphirhynchops Gill : Scaphirhynchus Heckel; Scaphorhynchus. Scytaliscus Jordan & Gilbert: Scytai.inus J. & G. ; Scytalina. Stenesthes T Jordan: new name for Stenotomus Gill: Stenotoma. Thrissocles Jordan: new name for Thrvssa Cuvier; Tmrissa. Xiphister Jordan & Gilbert: Xiphidion Girard ; Xiimiiimum. H. Questionable cases, similar to G. Catochaenum Cantor: Gerres Cuvier, on account of the prior Gerris. Centracion Gray: IIetkrodonti-s Blainville ; IIeterodon. Choregon Minding: Thymallus Cuvier ; Thymalus. Corythobatus Cantor: MiNOUS Cuv. & Val. ; Minois. (new name) Ciii.oiiA Jordan & Snyder; Ciiloeia. (new name) Gramma Poey; Grammia. (new name) Nebris Cuvier ; Nebria; Nebrius. *Typc CvpniNUS coRPORALis Mitchill, Cyprinus dullaris Rafinesque. t Type Sparus chrvsops L. INDEX In the following list, the names of genera apparently valid are left unmarked; d indicates doubt of one form or another; s indicates synonyms, apparently never to be revived or added to the system. Abramis, d, 99 Abuhamrur, d, 34 Abu-dcfduf, d, 33 Acanthias, s, 119 Acanthicus, 131 Acanthinion, s, 64 Acanthodes, s, 145 Acanthurus, i, 33 Acanthocssus, 141 Acanthonotus Bloch, s, 53 Acanthonotus Gray, s, Acanthopodus, s, 64 Acanthopsis, 116 Acanthophthalmus, 116 Acanthorhinus, s, 95 Acaramus, s, 89 Acarana. 139 Acarauna Catesby, .j, 32 Acarauna Sewas., s, 68 Acentrolophus, .t, 121 Accrina Giild., d, 32 Acerina Cuvier, 1, 104, •25 Acestra, s, 137 Achirus, 65 Acipenser, 11 Acus, s, 24, 31, 50, 73 Aetobatus, 95 Agenciosus, 66 Agriopus, 127 Ailia, 138 Alabes. 101 Albula Osbeck, d, 17 Albula Gronow, d, 20, 30. 42. 59 Alburnus Catesby, d, jo Alburnus Raf., 112 Alectis, 88 Alepisaurus, d, 143 Alepocephalus, 113 Alopias, d, 78 Alosa, 49, 130 Alphestcs, 59 Alpismaris, s, 120 Alticus, d, 69 Alutera, 98 Amanses, 139 Ambassis, 124 Amblodon, d. 1 10 Ambloplitcs, III Amblypterus, 144 Amciurus, 112 Amia Gronow, d, 20 Amia L., d, 23 Amia Browne, ,5, 46 Amiatus, d. 91 Ammocnctcs. s, 97 Ammoccctus. 76 Ammodytcs. r2 Amora, s, 139 Amorphoccphalus, s, 119 Amphacanthus, s, 59 Amphiodon. no Amphiprion, 59 Amphisile. s, 106 Amphisilcn. s, 38 Amphcristii?;. 118 Anabas. 106 Anableps, 20, 42, 59 Anacanthus Rhr.. 131 Anacanthus Gray, s, 138 Anampscs, 117, 130 Anarhichas, ta ('53) Ancylodon, s, 104 Ancnchelum, 107 Anguilla, 73 Anodus, 132 Anonialodon, s, 119 Anopsus, s, 92 Anostomus, 20, 42, 93 Antennarius, 69, 104, 130 Anthea, s, 31 Anthias, 50 Aodon, s, 55 A per, s, 72 Aphanius, 121 Apharcus, 135 Aphia, s, 119 Aphredodcrus, 14,1 Aphritis, 137 Aplites, J, III Apistcs, 127 Aplcsion, s. III Apl(xcntrus, s. no Aplndnclylus, 137 Aplodinotus, d. no Apocryptcs, d, 17 Apogon, d, 62 Apomotis. no Aprion. 135 Apsilus. 13s Aptcrichthys, s. 75 Apteronotuj, 56 Aptcrurus. s. 83 Aptcrygia, s, 139 Apturus, s, 93 Argentina, 15 Argyctius, s. 80 Argyrciosus, s, 64 Argyropclecus, 133 154 THE GENERA OF FISHES Asellus, s, 71 Asper, d, 16 Asperulus Schsefer, d, 16 Asperulus Klein, s, 40 Aspidophoroides, 62 Aspidophorus, s, 62 Aspidorhynchus, 144 Aspisurus, s, 64 Aspredo, 20, 42 Aspro Comm., s, 70 Aspro Cuvier, s, 124 Asterropteryx, 122 Astroblepus, 76 Astrodermus, 129 Atherina, 15 Atractosteus, 112 Atropus, s, lOS Aulopus, 98 Aulostomus, 66 Aulus, s, 70 Aurata, s, 30, 103, 120 Ausonia, 120 Auxis, 129 Axinurus, s, 129 Aygula, s, 90 Aylopon, s, 80, 89 Bagre Catesby, s, 31 Bagre, 100 Bagrus, d, 100 Baillonus, s, 89 Balistapus, 113 Balistes, 15 Bangaiia, 115 Barbatula, 49 Barbus, 99 Barilius, 115 Batracboides, 57 Batrachops, s, 114 Batrachus, s, 40, 57 Batricbtius, s, 88 Bedula, s, 130 Belone, Transcendentalls.m .\.-» EXPRESSED IN THE PIIILO.SOPHY OF ITS CHIEF EXPONENT. HcnrV David Gray, Associate Professor of English. no pp. 1917. Price, 75c. fin press.] LELAND STANFORD JUNIOR UNIVERSITY PUBLICATIONS UNIVERSITY SERIES The Genera of Fishes PART II. FROM AGASSIZ TO BLEEKER, 1833-1858, TWENTY-SIX YEARS, WITH THE ACCEPTED TYPE OF EACH. A CONTRIBUTION TO THE STABILITY OF SCIENTIFIC NOMENCLATURE BY DAVID STARR JORDAN Chancellor-Emeritus of Stanford University Member of the International Commission of Zoological Nomenclature STANFORD UNIVERSITY, CALIFORNIA pi 111 >^HF,D BY THE UNIVERSITY 1919 UNIVERSITY SERIES Inheritance in Silkworms, I. Vernon Lyman Kellogg, Professor of Entomology. 89 pp., 4 plates. 1908. Price $1,00. The Opisthobranchiate Mollusca of the Branner-Agassiz Expedition to Brazil. Frank Mace McFarland, Professor of Histology. 105 pp., 19 plates. 1909. Price $1.00. A Study of the Normal Constituents of the Potable Water of the San Fran- cisco Peninsula. John Pearce Mitchell, Assistant Professor of Chemistry. 70 pp., 1 map. 1910. Price SOc. 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Manuel de Olivcira Lima, Minister of Brazil to Belgium. 160 pp. 1914. Price $1.00. The Hemolymph Nodes of the Sheep. Artliur William Meyer, Professor of Anatomy. 74 pp., 1 plate, 4 colored plates. 1914. Price $1.00. An Introduction to the Study of the Endocrine Glands and Internal Secre- tions. (Lane Medical Lectures.) Sir Edward Schafcr, Regius Professor of Physiology in the University of Edinburgli. 94 pp., 1914. Price 75c. (Continued nn third page of cover.) THE GENERA OF FISHES PART II. LELAND STANFORD JUNIOR UNIVERSITY PUBLICATIONS UNIVERSITY SERIES The Genera of Fishes PART II. FROM AGASSIZ TO BLEEKER, 1833-1858, TWENTY-SIX YEARS, WITH THE ACCEPTED TYPE OF EACH. A CONTRIBUTION TO THE STABILITY OF SCIENTIFIC NOMENCLATURE BY DAVID STARR JORDAN Chancellor-Emeritus of Stanford University Member of the International Commission of Zoological Nomenclature STANFORD UNIVERSITY, CALIFORNIA PUBLISHED BY THE UNIVERSITY 1919 Stanford University Press (j^yQo CONTENTS Piga Introductory Note 163 Additions. Etc.. to Part 1 107 7. Houttuyn. Historie, 1764 167 9. Muller, Delincationes. 1767 167 10. Geoffroy, 719 Planus, 1767 168 17.-\. Gronow. Puradis, 1772 168 17B. Guldenstadt, Sterlela, 1772 168 20. Klein, Schauflals. I, 177S 168 3\.\. Klein. Schauplats, VIII, 1779.... 168 JIB. Briinnich, Vaagmaer. 1788 168 4S. Bloch. Ausliindische, IX, 1795... 168 47. Volta, Ichthyolithologia, 1796.... 169 55. Bloch & Schneider, S'yjrf ma. 1801 169 56. Lacepcde, Poissons. IV, V, 1803 169 56.*\. Lacepede, Nouvelle Hollande, 1804 169 S6B. Bory, Afrique. 1804 170 67. Dumeril, Cyclostomcs, 1808 170 72. Ratinesquc. Carattcri. 1810 170 75.\. Perry. Arcana, 1811 170 75B. Humboldt, & Valenciennes, J^oy- age, 1811 170 85. Rafinesque, Analyse, 1815 170 91. Cuvier. Ri^gne Animal. I, 1817. ... 171 92. Okcn, his. 1817 171 97. Blainvillc, Fossiles, 1818 171 108. Goldfuss, Handbuch, 1820 171 110. Hamilton, Ganges. 1822 172 112. Van Hasscit, lava, 1823 172 119. K6nig. Icones, 1825 172 119A. Le Sueur, New Salmo, 1825.... 172 119B. Adanson, Histoire Nalurelle, 1825 172 121. Riiiso, Miridionale, 1826 173 121 A. Riley, Squaloraia, 1826 173 128. Ruppell, Rothes Meer. 1828 173 128A. Thiencmann, Lehrhuch, 1828. 173 1.12. Cuvier & Valenciennes. Pois- sons. II. 1828 173 134. Agassiz. Brasil. 1829 173 135. Cuvier. Eigne Animal, II. 1829 173 l.VS. Cuvier & Valenciennes, Pois- sons, III, 1829 173 I36A. Smith, South Africa. 1829 174 136B. Bancroft, Sea Devil. 1829 174 142. Cuvier & Valenciennes, Pois- sons, 1830 174 143 Bennett, Sumatra. 1830 174 143.-\. Bennett, Mauritius, 1830 174 I46.-\. Cuvier & Valenciennes, Pois- sons, VII, VI 11, 1831 175 146B. Bonaparte Saggio, 1831 175 I47A. I'ichwald, Rossice, 1831 176 150A. Gray, Miscellany, 1831 176 151B. Miinster, Petrcfaktcn. 1832 176 ISIC. Couch, British Fauna. 1832 176 151D. Xardo, Pesci nuozi, 1832 176 151 E. Krynicki, Schilus, 1832 176 152. Minding, Lehrbuch, 1832 176 153 Xilsson, Scandinavicc, 1832 176 153A. Reinhardt, Cronhnd, 1832 176 164. Agassiz. Fossiles, II, IV, 1833... 177 165. Brandt & Ratzehurg, Medezi- nischc, 1833 177 166. Cocco, Peloritani, 1833 178 167. Cocco, Lettere, 1833 178 168. Cocco, Messina, 1833 178 169. Cuvier & Valenciennes, Pois- sons. IX, 1833 178 170. Gray, Illustrations, 1833 178 171. 172. Lowe, New Genus, 1833 179 173. Lowe, Madeira, 1833 179 174. Nardo, Skeponopodus, 1833 179 175. Reinhardt, Skandinavisk, 1833.... 179 176. Agassiz, Fossile Fische, 1834 179 177. Agassiz, Bohmcn. IK.14 180 178. .Agassiz, Poissons Fossiles, V, 1834 180 179. Costa, Cenni, 1834 „ 180 180. Griffith, Cuvier. 1834 180 181. Henle, Narcine. 1834 180 182. Munster, Rabenstein, 1834 180 IS.1. Quny & Gaimard. .-tslrolabe. 1834 180 184. Agassiz, Karpfen. 1834 180 THE GENERA OF FISHES, PART II Page 185. Agassiz, Poissons Fossiles, 1835. 181 223. 186. Agassiz, Glarner-Schiefer, 1835 181 224. 187. Cuvier & Valenciennes, Pois- 225. sons, X, 1835 181 226. 188. Gottsche, Pleuronectes, 1835 181 227. 189. Joannis, Nil, 1835 182 228. 190. Meyen, Peru, 1835 182 191. Miiller, Myxinoiden, 1835 182 229. 192. De la Pylaie, Recherches, 1835.. 182 193. Riippell, Abyssinien, 1835 184 230. 194. Schultze, Hexabranchus, 1835.... 184 231. 195. Agassiz, Poissons Fossiles, III, 232. 1836 184 196. Agassiz & Hibbert, Burdiehouse, 233. 1836 185 234. 197. Cuvier & Valenciennes, Pois- sons, XI, 1836 185 235. 198. Heclcel, Scafhirhynchus, 1836... 185 199. Heckel & Fitzinger, Acipenser, 236. 1836 185 237. 200 Lienard, Maurice, 1836 185 201. Miinter, Capitosaurus, 1836 185 238. 202. Richardson, Arctic, 1836 185 239. 203. Richardson, B or eali- Americana, 240. III. 1836 186 204. Ruppell. .Vi7, 1836 186 241. 205. Yarrell, British Fishes, 1836 186 242. 206. Agassiz, Poissons Fossiles, III, 243. V, 1837 186 244. 207. Bonaparte, Fauna Italica, III, 245. 1837 186 246. 208. Cantraine, Messina, 1837 188 247. 209. Cuvier & Valenciennes, Pois- 248. sons, XII, 1837 188 249. 210. Egerton, Fossil Fishes, 1837 189 211. Fitzinger, Natterer, 1837 189 250. 212. Fries, Pterycombus, 1837 189 251. 213. Geinitz, Muschclkalk, 1837 189 214. Hcckol, Beitrdge, 1837 189 252. 215. Kutorga, Dorpat, 1837 189 253. 216 Miillcr & Henle, Haifische. 1837. 189 2.54. 217. Miiller & Henle, Cartilaginous Fishes, 1837 189 255. 218. Redficld, Connecticut, 1837 190 256. 219. Reinhardt. Bythites. 1837 190 257. 220. Smith, Squalus. 1837 190 258. 221. Thompson, Echiodon, 1837 190 259- 222. Agassiz, Poissons Fossiles, III, 262. IV, 1838 190 263. Page Buckland, Bagshot Sands, 1838.. 191 Cocco, Messina, 1838 191 Gray, Aracana, 1838 192 Heckel, Caschmir, 1838 192 Lowe, Maderensiiim, 1838 192 Muller & Henle, Plagiostomen, 1838 .". 192 Miiller & Henle, Leptocharias 1838 193 Nordmann, Hexacanthus, 1838.. 193 Reinhardt, Gronland, 1838 193 Svvainson. Natural History, I, 1838 193 Agassiz, Steinkcrne, 1839 194 Agassiz, Old Red Sandstone, 1839 194 Agassiz, Poissons Fossiles, II, IV (part), 1839 194 Bonaparte, Systema, 1839 194 Cuvier & Valenciennes, Pois- sons, XIII, XIV, 1839 194 Lay & Bennett, Beechey, 1839.... 195 Lowe, Madeira, 1839 195 M'Clelland, Indian Cyprinidae, 1839 195 M'Clelland. Cyprinidcc, 1839. 195 Mitchell, Australia, 1839 196 Muller, Cyclostomen, 1839 196 Miinster, Kupferschiefer, 1839.... 196 Nardo, Mola, 1839 196 Owen, Lcpidosiren, 1839 196 Owen. Fossil Fishes, 1839 196 Ranzani. Mola, 1839 196 Ricliardson, Van Diemen's Land, 1839 197 Storer, Massachusetts, 1839 197 Swainson, Natural History, II, 1839 197 Bennett, Whaling Voyage, 1840.. 206 Bonaparte. Fauna Italica, 1840.. 206 Cuvier & Valenciennes, Pois- sons, XV, 1840 206 Eichwald, Fossil Fishes, 1840 206 Heckel, Natterer, 1840 207 Lowe, Madeira, 1840 207 Miinster. Kupferschiefer, 1840.... 207 261. Miinster, Bayreuth, 1840 207 Nordmann, Pontica, 1840 207 Owen, Odontography, 1840 207 CONTENTS Page J64. Ranzaiii, Piscium, 1840 207 265. Richardson, Auslralia, 1840 208 266. Thompson, India, 1840 208 267. .Agassiz. Cfard, 1841 208 268. Bonaparte, Fauna llalica, 1841... 208 269. Kichwald, Casfio-Caucasica, 1841 208 270. Fleming, S'ew Skate, 1841 208 271. Meckel, Aulopyge, 1841 209 272. Hogg, Protomelus, 1841 209 273. Lowe, Madeira, 1841 209 274. }^M\\i:T.Old Red Sandstone,\m\.. 209 275. Miinstcr, Asterodun, 1841 209 276. Nardo, Brachyochirus. 1841 209 277 Owen, Fossil Teeth. 1841 209 278. Sykcs. Dukhun, IWl 210 279. Agassiz. Diflacanlhus, 1842 210 280. Cuvier & Valenciennes, Pois- sons. XVI, 1842 210 281. Dekay, Xew York. 1842 210 282. Gray. Xew Zealand. 1842 210 283. Haldeman, Susquehannali, 1842.. 211 284. Meckel. SyrieH, 1842 211 285. Jenyns, Beagle. 1842 211 286. M'Clelland, Cestreus. 1842 212 287. M'Clelland, Fishes. 1842 212 288. Minister. Bayem, 1842 „ 212 289. Munstcr, .€thalion, 1842 212 290. Owen, Raphiosaurus . 1842 212 291. Richardson, King George's Sound, 1842 212 292. Schumburgk, Fishes of Guiana. 1842 212 293. Temminck & Schlcgcl. Fauna Japonica, 1842 213 294. Valenciennes, Bonita, 1842 213 295. .Agassiz. Poissons Fossiles. Ill 184J _ 213 296. Egcrlon. Chimirroids, 1843 214 297 Hall, .VVtv Vork, 1843 214 298. Meckel. Syrien. 1843 214 299. HtcM. Russeggers Reisen.lMi 215 300. Lowe, Madeira, \M3 215 301. Lowe. Madeira. 1843 215 302. Mullcr, KnochenAsche, 1843 215 303. Mnllcr. Familien. 1843 215 304. Munstcr. Pf/rf/athntMnrff, 1843 216 305 Portlock, Londottderry, 1843 . 216 306. Richardson, Machariunv, 1843 .. 216 Page 307. 308. Temminck & Schlegel, Fauna Japoniea. 1843 216 309. .'\gassiz. Poissons Fossiles, I, II, III. IV, V, 1844 „ 216 310. Cocco, Messina. 1844 219 311. Cuvier & Valenciennes, Pois- sons. XVII, 1844 219 312. ligerton, Mount Lebanon. 1844.. 220 313. Eichwald, Paiulowsk, 18+4 220 314. Koninck, Belgique. 1844 220 315. .M'Clelland, China, 1844 220 316. .M'Clelland. Bengal. 1844 220 317. .Meyer & Plieninger, ly-iirltem- berg, 1844 221 318. .Mullcr & Troschel, Characini, 1844 221 319. .\ardo, Caninoa, 1844 221 320. Peters, Rhinocrypiis. 1844 222 3.'0.\. Reuss. Bohmen. 1844 222 321. Richard.son, Hapalogenys. 1844.. 222 322. Richardson, Channichthys, 1844. 222 323. Richardson, Patacus. 1844 222 324. Richardson, Sulphur. 1844 222 325. Richardson, Erebus and Terror, 1844 222 326. Temminck & Schlegel, Fauna Japonica. 1844 223 327. Valenciennes, Canaries, 1844 223 328. .Agassiz, Fossiles, Londres. 1845.. 223 .329. Agassiz, Vieux Gr^s Rouge, 1845. 225 330. Bleekcr, Hatavia. 1845 225 331. Bonaparte, Calalogo, 1845 225 ii2. Brodic, Fossil Insects. 1845 226 333. Costa, Fossil Fishes, 1845 226 334. Kroyer, Icelus, 1845 226 335. Kroyer, Corelophus, 1845 226 336. Kroyer. Caracanthus. 1845 227 337. Kroyer. Ceralias. 1845 227 338. M'Clelland. Bouian. 1845 227 .339. .Muller & Troschel. Characinen. 1845 227 340. Owen. Odontography. 1845 227 341. Richardson, Gasteroschisma, 1845 227 .342. Richardson. (Viiiio, 1845 227 343. South. Encyclopedia, 1845 227 344. Temminck & Schlcgcl, Fauna Japonica. 1845 „ 227 VI THE GENERA OF FISHES, PART II Page 345. Agassiz, Nomenclator, 1846 228 346. Agassiz, Manuscriptum, 1846 228 347. Bibron, Chilomycterus. 1846 228 34S. Brisout de Barneville, Gobie- soces, 1846 228 349. Brisout de Barneville, Trachelo- chismus, 1846 228 350. Costa, Napoli, 1846 228 351. Cuvier & Valenciennes, Pois- sons, XVIII, 1846 228 352. Eichwald, Russia, 1846 229 353. Keyserling, Petchora, 1846 229 354. Kroyer, Danmark, 1846 229 355. Lowe, Lophiidce, 1846 229 356. Meyer, Jena, 1846 229 357. Miiller, Arapaima, 1846 229 358. Miinster, Ueberreste, 1846 229 359. Norwood&Owen, /Hrfiana, 1846. 229 359A. Richardson, Australia, 1846 230 360. Peters, Labyrinthiischen, 1846.... 230 361. Temniinck & Schlegel, Fauna Japonica, 1846 230 362. Tschudi, Fauna Peruana, 1846.... 230 363. Valenciennes, Eremophilus, 1846. 230 364. Bleeker, Siluroideorum, 1847 230 365. Bleeker, Pharyngognathorum, 1847 230 366. Brisout de Barneville, Centro- pristis, 1847 230 367. Brisout de Barneville, Anguilli- forincs, 1847 231 368. Cuvier & Valenciennes, Pois- sons, XX, 1847 231 369. Egerton, Chimaroids, 1847 231 370. Giebel, Glarus, 1847 231 371. Giebel, Vorwelt, 1847 231 372. Guichcnot, Pomanotis, 1847 232 37i. Kner, Cephalaspis, 1847 232 374. Meyer, Palcontographica, 1847.. 232 375. Meyer, Muschelkalk, 1847 232 376. Plieninger, Degcrloch, 1847 232 m. Wood, Leiodon, 1847 232 378. Agassiz, Lake Superior, 1848 232 379. Beyrich, Rothlicgenden, 1848 233 380. Bleeker, Sumbazva, 1848 232 381. Cuvier & Valenciennes, Pois- sons, XXI, 1848 233 382. Dana, Australia, 1848 233 383. Ewald, Menaspis, 1848 233 Page 384. Giebel, Vorwelt, 1848 233 385. Gistel, Thierreich, 1848 233 386. GmchmoX, Megaprotodon,\?A&.. 238 387. Guichenot, Chile, 1848 238 388. Heckel, Xiphophorus, 1848 238 389. Jerdon, India, 1848 239 390. M'Coy, Carboniferous, 1848 239 391. M'Coy, Ichthyolites, 1848 239 392. Miiller, Fossile, 1848 239 393. Miiller, & Troschel, British- Guiana, 1848 239 394. Richardson, Samarang, 1848 239 395. Ayres, Malacosteus, 1849 240 396. Bleeker, Celebes, 1849 240 397. Bleeker, LabroUen, 1849 240 398. Bleeker, Percoiden, 1849 240 399. Bleeker, Blennioiden, 1849 240 400. Bleeker, Madura, 1849 241 401. Bleeker, Bali, 1849 241 402. Cantor, Malayan Fishes, 1849 .... 241 403. Cuvier & Valenciennes, Pois- sons, XXII, 1849 242 404. Gcrmar, IVittenberg, 1849 242 405. 406. Giebel, Vorwelt, 1849 242 407. Heckel, Chirocentrites, 1849 242 408. Heckel, Syrien, 1849 242 409. Hoeven, Dierkimde. 1849 243 410. Jordan, Triodus, 1849 243 411. M'Coy, Carboniferous, 1849 243 412. Meyer, Muschelkalk, 1849 243 413. Miiller & Troschel, Horcr Zoolo- gica, 1849 243 413.^.. Newman, Devil Fish, 1849 244 414. Reid. Vaagmar, 1849 244 415. Rcinliardt, Sydamerika, 1849 244 416. Sistnonda, Piemonte, 1849 244 417. Smith, South Africa, 1849 244 418. Thiollierc, Jura, 1849 244 419. Williamson, Scales and Teeth, 1849 244 420. Agassiz, Lake Superior, 1850 245 421. Bleeker, Mcrnoidcn, 1850 245 422. Bleeker, Bella, 1850 245 423. Costa, Iltioliti, 1850 245 424. Dixon, Sussex. 1850 ; 245 425. Egerton, Ganoidei, 1850 246 426. Fischer, Platacanthus, 1850 246 427. Fischer, Ommatolampes, 1850.... 246 428. Gibbes, Mososaurus, 1850 246 CONTENTS Vll Page 429. Guichcnot, Algirie, II, 1850 246 4J0. Hcckel, Oeslt-rreich, 1850 246 431. Jcrdon, Pristolepis, 1850 246 432. Lankester, Old Red Sandstone, 1850 246 433. Lowe. Madeira, 1850 246 434. Pictet, Monl Liban, 1850 247 435. Richardson, Australia, 1850 247 436. Temminck & Schlcgel. Fauna Jatonicit. 1850 247 437. Thiollierc, Jura, 1850 247 438. Blocker, Banka, 1581 247 439. Bleeker, Borneo, II, 1851 247 440. Bleeker, .\fakreelagtige. 1851 248 441. Bleeker, Borneo, III, 1851 248 442. Bleeker, Cheilinoides, 1851 248 443. Bleeker, Borneo. IV. 1851 248 444. Bleeker, Celebes, II, 1851 248 445. Blocker, Banda, 1851 248 446. Gaimard, Skandinavie, 1851 249 447. Girard, Coitus, 1851 249 448. Girard, Coltofis, 1851 249 449. Gray, Australia, 1851 249 4.=;n. Liitkcn, Ofhisurus, 1851 249 451. Meyer, Jena, 1851 249 452. 453. Meyer, Nephrotus, 1851 249 454. M'Coy, Sleganodictyum, 1851... 249 455. Thompson, Percofsis, 1851 249 456. WafHier. Lithographische, 1851.. 250 457. Bleeker, Makreelachlige, 1852... 250 458. Blocker, Plagiostomen, 1852 250 459. Blocker, Sumatra, 1852 250 460. Bleeker, Celebes, III. 1852 250 461. Dumeril. Torpidicns. 1852 250 462. Egcrton. Elasmodus, 1852 250 463. Fischer. Russie, 1852 „.. 250 464. Gcrvais, Palcrontologie, 1852 251 465. Lowe, Madeira. 1852 „ 251 466. Qucnstcdt. Pelrefakten, 1852 251 467. Rocmer. Texas, 1852 251 468. Riippoll. Skelelte. 1852 251 469. Agassiz. Researches, 1853 251 470. .Affassiz, California, 1853 252 471. Baird & Girard, Mexican Bound- ary, 1853 252 472 Baird & Girard. Zuiii, 1853 252 473. Bleeker. Balavia, 1853„ 252 474 Blocker. Ternale, II. 1853 252 475. Bleeker. Borneo, VII. 1853 252 Pmce 476. Blocker, Murrinoids, 1856 269 559. Holmes, Devilfish, 1856 270 560. Heckel, Oesterreich, 1856 270 561. Meckel, Pycnodonten, 1856 270 562. Kaup, Aale, 1856 270 563. Kaup, Apodal Fish, 1856 271 564. Kaup, Ophidina-, 18.S6 272 565. Kaup, Lophobranchiates, 1856... 272 566. Leidy, Extinct Vertebrates, 1856.. 272 567. Leidy, Sioux Country. 1856 272 568. Leidy, Extinct Fishes, 1856 272 Page 569. Leidy, hhthyodorulites, 1856 273 570. Leidy, Extinct Fishes, 1856 273 571. Newberry, Fossils of Ohio, 1856.. 273 572. Pander, Silurian, 1856 273 573. Richardson, Ichthyology, 1856.... 274 574. Thompson, Ireland, 1856 274 575. Baird, Long Island, 1857 274 576. Bellotti, Lombardia, 1857 274 577. Bleeker, Amboina, 1857 274 578. Bleeker, Japan, 1857 274 579. Bleeker, Sangi, 1857 274 580. Costa, Libano, 1857 275 581. Egerton, Ludlow, 1857 275 581A. Emmons, Geology, 1857 275 582. Gervais, Labrodon, 1857 275 583. Girard, Western Coast, 1857 275 584. Hollard, Gymnodontes, 1857 275 585. Newberry, Devonian, 1857 275 586. Newberry, Eurylepis, 1857 276 587. Peters, Hemichromis, 1857 276 588. Philippi, Fische, 1857 276 589. Richardson, Siphonognathus, 1857 276 590. Rutimeyer, Encheisiphius, 1857.. 276 591. Troschel, Saarbriicke, 1857 276 592. Wagner, Solcnhofen, 1857 276 593. Agassiz, Skate, 1858 277 594. Agassiz, Nicaragua, 1858 277 595. Ayres, California. 1858 277 596. Bleeker, Sumatra, VI, 1858 277 597. Bleeker, Japan, IV, 1858 277 598. Bleeker, Celebes, X, 1858 277 599. Bleeker, Coram, 1858 278 600. Bleeker, Bilitou, IV, 1858 278 601. Bleeker, Borneo, XII, 1858 278 602. Bleeker, Siluri, Prodromus, 1858.. 278 603. Bleeker, Cobitinen, 1858 279 604. Bleeker. Japara. 1858 279 605. Blyth, Amblyceps, 1858 279 606. Bronn, Eaibl, 1858 279 607-612. Costa. Vralcptus. 1858 279 613. Dumeril, Afrique, 1858 280 614. Egerton, Chondrosteus, 1858.... 280 615. Egerton, Cosmolepis. 1858 280 616. Gill, Gobinarum, 1858 280 617. Gill, Gohinidarum. 1858 280 618. Gill, Tricenophorichthys, 1858... 280 CONTENTS IX Ptge 619. Gill. Pimelodtn present memoir i> a c«intinitatia|)er eiititleil. Thr Genera of Fishes, from LiniKCus to Cin'icr, 1758-1833, seventy-five years, ivith the accepted type of each, a contribution to the stability of scientific nomenclature, published by the present writer in 1''17. It i> hkewise a coniril)ution t<> the stability of scientific nomencla- ture. It covers what may be termed the mediicval period of systematic ichthyology, the time in which nomenclature is fairly established, but in which, for want of a general zoobj^ical record, many papers have been overlooked or forgotten. This period is especially marked by the studies of Professor Agassi: on the fossil fishes, by the e-xhaustive record of tlie fishes of the East Indies by Dr. Bleeker, and by the unification of ichthyological knowledge by Valenciennes and by Dr. Giinther. Giinther's Catalogue of the Fishes of the British Museum, 1859-1870, must always remain the solid founda- tion on which systematic zoology is built. This period is also marked by the studies in comparative zoology by Dr. Johannes Miiller and by the opening to science of the rich freshwater fauna of North and South .Vmerica. In this period wrote also the keenest of taxonomic critics. Dr. Gill, whose conceptions of genera and of families are likely in a large degree to constitute the last word in regard to the status of groups of this grade. Other notable writers whose work has been of a high order are Richardson, Schlegel, Lowe, Egerton, Reinhardt, Poey, Heckel, Kner. Pictet, Holbrook. P.aird, Troschel. Owen, McClelland. Riippcll, Menle, Storer, DeKay, .\yres. Cooper, Girard and Cope. Of the many writers in the period preceding the year 1870, Steindachner only, one of the most industrious and accurate, is still living. When the writer vis ited him in \'ienna in 1913 he was still, at the age of 79, hard at work, and one important paper of his bearing date of 1915 has found its way through the vicissitudes of censorship to my library. In accordance with the philosophy of evolution, the writers at the end of this period have inverted the fish series, the simplest and most ancient types being placed first in taxonomic records, rather than the perch and its relatives, so long regarded as typifying the perfect or com- pleted fish. 164 THE GENERA OF FISHES, FART II Compilations of this sort constitute an exercise in modesty. They can never be made absokitely complete nor free from errors. In the present case, the author cannot be certain that the genotype he indi- cates is actually the one chosen by the first reviser. The compilation itself deals with the work of great minds, but also with a degree of igno- rance, carelessness and perversity by which names were multiplied with no corresponding increase of ideas. Synonymy in general is the index of lack of actual knowledge, or else, of the failure to deal justly with the work of others, "a burden and a disgrace to science"'. No system of naming can be beyond the knowledge on which it rests. Ignorance of fact produces confusion in nomenclature. The science of ichthyology, to which the present series of papers offers a kind of key, is the work of rriany scholars, each in his own field, each contributing a series of. facts, a series of tests of the work of others, or else some improvement in the method of arrangement. As in other branches of science, this work has been done by sincere, devoted men, impelled by a love for this kind of labor, and having in view, as "the only reward they asked, a grateful remembrance of their work". And as future generations may be lenient towards our own shortcomings, we should be generous towards those of our predecessors. In so far as the present paper assumes to decide questions of nomen- clature, it follows strictly the rules agreed on by the International Com- mission. Of these, the one of most vital iniporlance is concerned with the rigid enforcement of the law of priority. The writer expresses his special obligation to Mr. Barton A. Bean of the United States National Museum, and to Henry Weed Fowler of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia for services in examining rare or forgotten books, and to Mr. Masamitsu Oshima, for valuable aid in compilation. He is also under special obligations to Mr. R. A. Nelg^er of the Stanford University Press for his care in ensuring accuracy in this difficult piece of work. In arranging the genera of fossil fishes, he has depended almost entirely on the Catalogue of the Fossil Fishes in the British Museum, by Arthur Smith Woodward. The cataloguing of the scattered and multifarious genera of Dr. Bleeker has been made possible by the Index of the Ichthyological Paf^ers of P. Bleeker, by Dr. Max Weber and Dr. L. F. de Beaufort. In matters of citation of titles Dean's Bibliography of Fishes has been absolutely indispensable. The writer hopes to complete this work by a final paper covering the period from 18.S9 to 1920. The need of such compilation grows progressively less, as the Zoological Record of London, beginning with 1864, contains references to nearly all the generic names of subsequent date, although having occasional surprising omissions. INTRODUCTORY NOTE 165 The writer asks for additions and corrections, that the work may be as helpful as possible to students of fishes. It will be noted that the genera have been arranged as far as may be in chronological order, publications of the same year being arranged in alphabetical order in accord with the names of authors. The term orthotype is applied to the type of a genus as indicated or distinctly implied by the original author. A logotype is one selected by tlic "tirst reviser". .-X liaplotype is the sole species named under a genus, therefore of necessity an orthotype as well. A tautotype is a name of a genus identical with the specific name of one of its components. Stanford Univehsity, California, November 11. 1918: Issued July, 1919. ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS TO PART I. 1758 1. LI.VN'/EL'S (1758). Syslcma Xaturac. Ed. X, Vol. 1. Carl LiNNfe (Carolu.s Linx^us). (1707-1778.) Trigla Linna-us, 300; logotype T. curnardus L., as restricted by Kaup, 1S7.3, .\p- parcntly this should replace the later restriction to T.' lyra L. of Jordan & ("lilhert. 1883. this species being type of Lvrichthys Kaiip. Mormyrus Linnsrus, 327; logotype M. caschive Hasselquist, as restricted by Gill. (Not M. CYPRINOIDES L.. as stated in part 1. page IS; this species is the type of Marcvsenmi-s Gill.) Tetraodon Linnseus. 332: logotype T. lineatl's L. I am compelled to revise my judgment, as given in part I of the Genera of Fishes, page 15. in which I present the reasons for regarding T. testudineus L. as the type of Tetraodon. This judgment is based on Bleeker's restriction of the genus in 1865. I find that an earlier restriction was made by Bonaparte in the Fauna llalica, about 1841, "Tetraodon lineatus Bloch" being taken as type following a suggestion of Swainson. Bloch's account includes the synonymy and description of T. LINEATUS L., although the figure he offers may have been based on an exam- ple of T. STELLAT'.'S. In this view of the case, the type of TEiRAonoN should be T. lineatvs, a fresh-water species of the Nile, with which the numerous marine species called OvoiDES (Arothron) may not be congeneric. According to Dr. Gill, the type of Tetraodon is distinguished from the Pacific species known as OvoiDES by the form of the frontal bones, a matter which needs further elucidation. In this view the name Spheroidf.s should stand, as used by Jordan and Evermann, for the allies of T. testi;dineus L. 1764 7 IIOUTTUYN (1764). Xaliirlike lusloric vulgcns den ilcer Linnaus. Martin Hol'ttuvn. Conger Houttyn, VII, 103, and Torpedo Houttuyn, VII, 453, as quoted iii Genera of Fishes, page 22, are not presented by Houttuyn as generic names, and the reference to them should be canceled. In a personal letter dated August 23, 1918, Mr. C. Davics Sherborn says; "Torpedo is the trivial Linnxan name of the species Raja torpedo and Con- ner is the trivial Linnxan part of the species name Mur.ena conger. Neither name is used scientilically nor is there any intention on Ilouttuyn's part to do more than quote the Linn.Tan term for the fish he describes as "Kramp- Fi.scii' and 'Conger'." The record of this work of Ilouituyn should therefore be erased as hav ing no relation to scientific nonicnclaliirc. 1767 9. MOLLKR (17()7). /Mi(ii-ii,m Xatunr. II, 141. Philip Ludwic Statius MOller (1725-1776). Mr. Sherborn informs me that the generic names Acus. page 141, and 168 THE GENERA OF FISHES, PART II Orbis, page 141 ; "are perfectly valid," that is, properly presented as generic names. Acus is a synonym of Syngnathus L., Orbis of Diodon L. 10. GEOFFROY (1767). Descriptions de 719 plantes, etc. fixiENNE Louis Geoffroy (1725-1810). IchthyocoUa Geoffroy, 399 ; haplotype Acipenser huso L. This replaces Huso Brandt, and Sterletus Raf. Mr. Sherborn informs me that the generic names used by Geoffroy are "perfectly valid" for purposes of nomenclature. These are: IcHTHYOcoLLA, 399, (Huso Brandt). Harekgus, 405, (Clupea L.). Lucius, 467, (Esox L.). Trutta, 719, (Trutta L.). 1772 17A. GRONOW (1772). (PteracUs.) Actae Helveticse. VII. LoRENz Theodor Gronow (Laurentius Theodorus Gronovius). (1730-1777). Pteraclis Gronow, 44; orthotype P. pinnata Gronow = Coryph^na velifera Pal- las. As here used, unquestionably binomial. 17B. GULDENSTADT (1772). (Sterlcta.) Nov. Comm. Sci. Petropol, XVI. Anton Johann Guldenstadt. Sterleta Guldenstadt, 533; type Acipenser ruthenus L. under polynomial desig nation. If eligible, will replace Sterletus Brandt and Sterledus Bon. 1775 20. KLEIN (1775). Neucr Schauplatz, etc. Jakob Theodor Klein (1685-1759). Prochilus Klein, I, 1043; Amphiprion ephippium Bloch, as restricted by Bleeker, 1877 (P. ovat^e figure macula fusca magna Klein). This name, if deemed eligible from the date of the Schauplatz would replace Amphiprion B1. & Schn., instead of Phoi.is Cuv. & Val. (Lipophrvs Gill), as suggested in part 1 of this work. 1779 31A. KLEIN (1779). Neuer Schauplatz, etc. Jacob Theodor Klein. Platystacus Klein, VIII, 52, 1779; type (P. cotylephorus Bloch); a synonym of ASPREDO (Gronow) Scopoli. 1788 31B. BRUNNICH (1788). Om licii ishndskc fisk I aagmiicrcit (Gymnogastcr arcticus). Kong. Dan.sk. Selsk. Skr., Ill, 408-413. Morten Thrane Brunnich (1737-1827) Gymnogaster Briinnich, III, 408; orthotype G. arcticus Briinnidi. .A synonym of Tk.\( hipterus Gouan. Not Trichiurus L. 1795 45. BLOCH (1795). Naturgcschiclitc dcr ausliiudisclicii Fischc. IX. Mark Elieser Bloch (1729-1799). Gymnothorax Bloch IX, 83, 1795; type as first restricted (Bleeker, 1864) G. reticu- laris Bloch. Ahhnugli originally virtually a substitute name for Mur.f.na L., the first fixation of types separates the two. Gymnothorax thus replaces LVCODONTIS McCl. AUDITIONS AND CORRECflONS TO PART I 169 1796 47 VOLTA (1796) Ichlhyolithologia Veronese. Giovanni Serafino Volta. Monopteros Volta. CXCL; orthotypc M. c.icas Volta (fossil). Replaces Pla- TiNx .Ar. -MoNorTERUS L;ic.. 1798. is thus preoccupied and must give way toFLUTA Bl. & Schn. (1801). 1801 55. HLOCH & SCIl.VKIDliR (1801). Systcma Ichlhyologiee. Mark Elif.ser Blocii ; Jouann Gottlob Schneider (1750-1822). Periophthalmus RIoch & Schneider, 63; logotype, as first restricted (by Gill, 1863) Gomus sciiLOSSERJ Pallas. The name therefore replaces Periophthalmodon Blkr., while the common species known as Periophthal.mus barbarus or P. KOELREUTERI is the type of EUCHORISTOPUS Gill (1863). Synanceja Bloch & Schneider. 194; logotype S. verrucosa Bl. & Schn., as first restricted by Miiller, 1843. This limitation to species without vomerine teeth holds as against Bleeker's restriction to the first species named, S. horrida. Svnanceta thus replaces Spurco Conimerson, Synanceichthvs Blkr. and E.MMYDRICHTHYS JordaT & Ruttcr. S. HORRIDA is type of Synancidium Muller. I am not convinced by Bleeker's statement that Synancidium is not a valid genus. Plata Bloch & Schneider, 565; orthotype Monopterus javanensis Lac. Name a substitute for Monopterus Lac. (1798). The latter is preoccupied by Mo- nopteros Volta (1796). The type species should stand as Fluta alba (Zuieuw). 1803 56. LACePfiDE (1803). Histoirc iialuretic des poissons. IV. V. Bernard Germain LAcfipfeoE (1756-1825). Enoplosus Lacecepedc. IV, 540; orthotype Ch.€todon armatus Shaw. This genus dates from 1803. The name F.noplosi's was not used by White in 1790. Stolephorus Lacepede, V, 381; logotype S. commersonianus Lac. In view of the fact that the descriptions of Stolephorus of Lacepede. Blocker and Jordan were drawn from this species, the second-named by Laccpcdc, it may well be regarded as the type of Stolephorus. S. japonicus, the first-named species and the one first formally indicated as type, was very scantily described, and was unknown to authors until very recently. In this view Stolephorus will replace or include Ancuoviella Fowler (1911). This reverses the decision in part I, page 67. 1804 S6A LACfiPfiDR (1804). Memoires siir plusxeurs animaux tie In Nouvclle Hollande, etc. Ann. Mus. Nat. Hist., IV, 1804. Bernard Germain LAcfePEDE. Prionurus L<-iccpcde. IV, 211; orthotype P. m icrolepidotus Lac. Platypodus Laccpi-dc, IV. 211; orthotype P. furca Lac. This genus, overlooked by subsequent writers, seems to belong to the OspHRoNE.Min.R. an ally of Macropoius. It {■* said to have large fan-like ventrals of at least eight rays, the dorsal extending from the nape to the base of the caudal, which is narrow, forked, its lobes half as long as rest of body; pectorals small; anal very low. This may be, as suggested by Dr. Gunther for Macropodus. a domesticated form of Polyacanthus. Both names, if correctly written (Macropus; Platypus), are preoccupied. 170 THE GENERA OK FISHES, PART II 56B. BORY DE SAINT VINCENT (1804). Voyage dans Irs quatvc fnnril'ales nies des Mers d'Afriquc. 1801 et 1802. Jean Baptiste Bory de St. Vincent (1780-1846). Acinacea Bory de St. Vincent, I, 93 ; orthotype A. notha Bory ( "I'acinacee batarde"). An ally of Thyrsites Cuv., overlooked by authors. It differs from Thvrsites (atun), if correctly described and figured, in the presence of twenty-nine spines in the dorsal fin, instead of twenty. The type specimen was from the open sea, off Africa. If identical with Thyrsites, Acinacea has priority. The Latin form as well as the French is given by the author. 1808 67. DUM6RIL (1808). Dissertation siir Ics poissons Cyclostomcs. Andre Marie Constant Dumeril (1774-1860). Ammoccetus Dumeril; orthotype Petromyzox branchialis L. (larval form of Petri MvzoN marinus or of Lamptera planeri, or both). Best treated as a synonym of Petromyzon. 1810 72. RAFINESQUE (1810). Carattcri di alcuni tiiovi generi c nuove specie di animalc e piante della Sicillia. Constantine Samuel Rafinesque (1783-1840). Typhle Rafinesque, 18; orthotype Syngnathus typhle L. We are unable to find any further notice of the blind genus of mammals "Typhle", as noted by Lacepede. Typhle should therefore apparently stand, and not be replaced by Typhlinus Raf. (1814). 1811 7SA. PERRY (1811>. Arcana or Museum of Natural History. George Perry. Congiopus Perry; orthotype C. percatus Perry = Blennius torvus Walb;ium. Replaces .'\griopus Cuv., 1829. 75B. HUMBOLDT & VALENCIENNES (1811). Rechcrchcs sur Ics poissons fluviatilcs; Ilumboldt &■ Bonpland; vovagc aux regions c. Histoire tuturelle dcs frincifales ts the non-binomial Sarda PUimier, 1802 ( = Ocvurus Gill) is deemed eligible, in which case Palamita would hold. Priodontichthys Bonaparte, 109; haplotypc Priodon annularis Cuv. & Val., the young of Xaso annulatus Q. & G. Sub>titute for Priodon Cuv., preoccupied. A synonym of Naso Lac. Scopas Bonaparte, 109; type presumably /Xcanthurus scopas Cuv. & Val., being placccsci nuuvi, etc. Giovanni Domenico Nardo (1802-1877). (Not seen by us; the title uncertain. The genus Gouania is quoted from Canestrini.) Gouania Nardo ; orthotype G. prototypus Nardo == Lepadogaster willdenowi (Risso). Antedates Rupisuga Sw. 151E. KRYNICKI (1832). Schilus [lallasii dcscriftus et iconc iliuslratus. Nouv. Mem. Soc. Nat. Moscou. II. J. Krynicki. Schilus Krynicki, II, 441 ; orthotype S. pallasi Krynicki = Perca volgensis Pallas. Replaces Mimoperca Gill & Jordan, 1S77. 152. MINDING (1832). Lehrbuch: Naturgeschichte der Fische. Julius Minding. Hydronus Minding, 83; orthotype Gadus merlucius L. A synonym of Merluc- cius Raf. 153. NILSSON (1832). Prodromus ichthyologitr Scandinavia". SvEN Nilsson (1787-1883). Salvelini Nilsson, 7; orthotype Salmo salvelinus L. == S. alpinus L. Group name, in the plural only; written as Salvelinus by Richardson (1836). Carassius Nilsson, IV, 290; orthotype Cyprinus carassius L. 1S3A. REIN HA RUT (1832). Bidiag lil vor kundskab om Gronhinds tiske. Dansk. Vid. Sclsk. Afh. Kjobcnhavn, V. Johannes Reinhardt (1776-1845). Triglops Reinhardt, V, 52; orthotype T. pinceli Reinhardt. THE GENERA OF FISHES PART II 1833 164 AGASSIZ (1833). Reclicnlies sur Ics poissons fossilcs. II; IV (tirstpart; second part of Vol. II issued in 1844; part of Vol IV in 1833). Louis AcAssiz. Catopterus Agassiz, II, 3; orthotype C. ov.\lis Ag. (fossil). A synonym of Dip- TERLS. Amblypterus Agassiz, II, 3, 28; orthotype A. latus Ag. (fossil). Gyrolepis .\gassiz, II, 6, 172; logotype G. .\lberti Ag. (fossil). Tetragonolepis Agassiz, II, 6, 181; logotype T. confluens Ag. (fossil). Name preoccupied; a synonym of Dapedium Leach. Microps Agassiz, II, 10; orthotype M. furcatus Ag. (fossil). Name preoccupied; replaced by Periurgus Gistcl, 1848. Pygopterus Agassiz, II, 10; orthotype P. iiumboldti Ag. (fossil). Notagogus Agassiz, II, 10; orthotype K. pentla.vdi Ag. (fossil). Acrolepis .\gassiz, II, 11; orthotype A. sedgwicki Ag. (fossil). Pachycormus Agassiz, II, 11; orthotype Elups macropierus Bhiniv. (fossil). Thrissops .Agassiz, II, 12; orthotype T. for.mosus Ag. (fossil). Megalurus Agassiz, II, 13; orthotype M. lepidotus Ag. (fossil). Name preoccu- pied in birds (Horstield, 1821), replaced by Synergus Gistel (1848), also pre- , II. 88; logotype B. sebl-losa Gray. A synonym of Na.nhl's Cuv. & Val„ 1831. Pterapon Gray. U, 88; haplotype P. trivittatus Gray = Sci.ena jarbua ForskSl. A synonym of Therapon Cuv. Anaora Gray, II, 90: haplotype A. te.\taiL'l.\ta Gray. (Name misprinted A mora, but corrected in manuscript on the plate.) Species not identitied; resem- bles TUVSANOPHRYS Ogilbv. Apterygia (iray, II, 92; haplotype A. ramcaratf Gray. .\ synonym of Raco.n-da Gray. Tor Gray. II, 96; haplotype Cvprinus tor Ham. = Tor hamiltoni Gray. Replaces Labkobarbijs Ruppell. Bengals Gray, II 96; haplotype Cvprinus elanca Ham. Replaces Megarasbora Gthr. Amanses (',ray, II, 98; haplotype .\. hystrix Gray = Monacanthi's scopas Cuv. Acarana (iray, II, 98; haplotype Ostracion auritls Shaw. Also in .-Inn Xat. Hist.. I, 110, 1838. Girella Gray, II, 98; haplotype G. punctata Gray. 171. 172. LOWE ( 1833). Character of a Sfw Genus and of Several Xeiv Species of Proc. Zool. Soc. London, I. Richard Thomas Lowe (1802-1874). Alepisaurus Lowe. 104; orthotype A. ferox Lowe. A synonym of Plagyobus Stel- ler. 1811, if the latter be deemed tenable, being given in the dative case only ' "P'yS>odontem") Often written Alepidosaurus by authors. 173. LOWI'" (1833). Character of a Nexv Genus and of Several Xew Sft:erissene Hemerkungen iiber fossile l-isehe. N'eues Jahrb. Mineralogie. I»uis Agassiz. Ophiopsis .Agassi/, 385; orthotype O. prikekus Ag. (fossil). Saurichthys .Agassi/. 386; orthotype S. apitams .Ag. (fo.ssil). Propterus .Agassi/, 386; orthotype I'. mkkosTomi's Ag. (fossil). CaturuB \Kassi/. 387; orthotype I'r.m's nuchai.is .Ag. (fossil) .Snl.siiintr f..i I'r.kus Ag., preoccupied. Macrosemius .Agassi/, 387; orthotype M. rostkatus Ag. (fossil). 180 THE GENERA OF EISHES, I'ART II Belonostomus Agassiz, 388; orthotype B. tenuirostris Ag. (fossil). Dercetis Agassiz, 389; orthotype D. scutatus Ag. (fossil). 177. AGASSIZ (1834). Verhandhingcn der CfscUschaft des vaterldndischen Museums. Bohnien. Louis Agassiz. Halec Agassiz, 67; orthotype H. sternbergi .Ag. (fossil). 178. .AGASSIZ (1634). Rechcrchcs sur Ics poissons fossiles. V (part), 1834. • Louis Agassiz. Acanthonemus Agassiz. V, 27; orthotype A. filamentosus Ag. (fossil). 179. COSTA (1834). Ccnni zoologici, ossia dcscripzione sommaria dellc specie nuovi di animali discoperti in diverse contrade del regno, neW anno 1834. (Naples.) Oronzki Gabrikle Costa (1787-1867). Branchiostoma Costa, 49; orthotype Limax lanceolatus Pallas; replaces .\i\i- pHiuxus (Gray) Yarrell. Nemotherus (Risso) Costa, hg. 9; orthotype N. erythropterus Risso. A synonym of Trachypterus (not verified). 180. GRIFFITH (1834). The Class Pisces, Arranged by the Baron Cuvier, with Supplementary Additions by Edzvard Griffith and Charles Hamilton Smith. Carangus Griffith, 335; taiitotype Scomber carangus Bloch = Scombkr hippos L. A synonym of Caranx Lac. as restricted; same as Carangus Grd. 181. HENLE (1834). Sur le Narcine, nouveau genre de raies electriques, etc. Ann. Sci. Nat., II. (Also in German as Ueber Narcine.) Friedrich Gustav Jacob Hexle (1807-1855). Narcine Ilenle, 31 ; orthotype Torpedo brasiliensis Olfers. 182. MUNSTER (1834). Knochenhohle bei Rabenstein, etc. Neucs Jahrb. Miner. Georg Mux'ster. Undina Miinstcr, 539; orthotype U. penicillata Miinster (fossil). 183. QUOY & GAIMARD (1834). I'oyagc dc decouvcrtes de "i Astrolabe," etc. (1826-29), sons le commandement de M. J. DumonI d'Urvilte. Jean Rene Constantin Quov (1707-1778) ; Paul Gaimard (1790-1858). Aspidontus (Cuvier) Quoy & Gaimard, 719; orlliolype A. t^niatus Cuv. & Val. An ally of Petroscirtes Riippell, distinguished hy the lack of elevation of the anterior dorsal spines. 1835 184. .\G.'\SSIZ (1835). Ueber die Faniitie der Karpfen. Mem. Soc. Nat. Ncufchatel, I. Louis Agassiz. Acanthopsis Agassiz, I, 36; orthotype Cobitis t.kxia L. Name preoccupied. A syn^ ouym of CoDiTis L. Phoxinus Agassiz, 37; orthotype Leuciscus phoxinus L. Same as Phoxinus Raf. 1820. Rhodeus .\gassiz, I, 37; orthotype Cyprinus amarus Bloch. Chondrostoma Agassiz, I, 38; orthotype Cyprinus nasus L. Aspius Agassiz, I, 38; tautotype Cyprinus aspius L. Pelecus Agassiz, 1, 39; orthotype Cyprinus cui-tratus L. AdASSiz. 1835 ISl 185. AGASSIZ (1835). Kcfliirrches sur Irs tds^ons fossiUs. II. Louis Agassiz. Plectrolepis (Agassi/.) II, 44; orthotypc P. kugosus Ag. (fossil). Name only; valitlatcd by I'^gcrton, 1850. A synonym of KuRVNOTUS Ag. — Notacmon Gi^R-1, 1848. Megalodon Agassiz, II, 55; logotype M. lkwesiensis Ag. (fossil). Name preoccu- pied; a synonym of Pachyhhizodus. Enchodus .Agassiz, II, 55 (fcuilleton) ; orthotypc l-^sox lewesiensis Mantcll (fossil). Macropoma Agassiz, II, 55 (euilleton) ; orthotype M. mantelli Ag. (fossil). Diplopterus Agassiz, II, 113; orthotypc D. macrocei'iiall's Ag. (fossil). Nanic preoccupied; replaced by Diploitek.v.x McCoy (1885). Pleiopterus Agassiz, II. 113; orthotype Osteolepis .macrolepiootus Val. (fossil). .\ -ynonym of .Astrolepis. Cheiracanthus .Agassiz, II, 125; orthotype C. .murchisqni Ag. (fossil). Chcirolepis .\gassiz. II, 128; orthotype C. trailli Ag. (fossil) Cephalaspis .Agassiz, II, 135; orthotype C. lvelli .Ag. (fossil). Eurynottis .Agassiz, II, 153; logotype E. crenatus Ag. (fossil). Name preoccupied; rt-placed by Notacmon Gistcl (1848). Platysomus .Agassiz, II, 6, 161 ; logotype Strom ateus gibbosus Blainv. (fossil). Name held to be preoccupcd by Platyso.ma Leach. 1817; replaced by Scrotes Gistel (1848); Uroptervx (Ag.) Woodw. (1907) may be also regarded as a substitute. 186 \r,.\SSI/. ( 1835 1. Ueber das dcr Glarncr-Schiefer rormation iiacit ihrcn Fischresten. Ncues Jahrb. Mineral. Louis Agassiz. Carangopsis Agassiz. 293; orthotypc C. l \tior Ag. (fossil). Names only; validated in 1844. Urosphen .Agassiz, 293; orthotypc U. kistularis .Ag. (fossil). Names only; vali- dated in 1844. Amphistium Agassiz, 294; orthotype .A. I'ar,\uo.xu.\i Ag. (fossil). Names only; validated in 1844. Xiphopterus Agassiz, 295; orthotype Esox falcatus Volta (fossil). Pristigenys Agassiz, 299; orthotype P. macrophthalmus Ag. (fossil). Name only ; described in 1839 (Poiss. fossiles. IV. 139). Coelogaster .Agassiz, 304; orthotype C. analis Ag. (fossil) (name only), and hence dating only from later usage. Platinx Agassiz, 30*; orthotypc P. eu)Ngatus Ag. (fossil). A synonym of iMo.s-op- TERos Volta (1794). Enchelyopus .Agassiz, 307; orthotype E. tigrinus Ag. (fossil); name only; vali dated by Agassiz in 1844. Preoccupied; replaced by Paranguilla Blkr (1864). 187 CUVIER Si VALENCIENNES (1835), Histoin- nalurcUc dcs foissons. X. (The series continued after the death of Cuvicr. in 1832, until 1848. by .ACIIILLE Va1,E.Sraiaia Riley (1826). Rajabatis Dc la Pylaic. 528; logotype Raja mosaica Lac. (most of the other species named being left undc.scribcd). A synonym nf Raja, possibly not intended as a generic name. Aptocylus De la Pylaic, 529; orthotypc "Cvn.oGASTERi-s vfntrko.sus" Pallas (error f'r "Cvil.orTEBrs"). Replaces l.vcxoPTFRirHTHYS Steind. (18611. Pterozygus De la Pylaic. 5.10; orthotypc P. bievrii Dc la Pylaic. "Unc lochc qui prcscntc Ic singulier caracterc d'avoir scs nagcoires pcctoralcs ct ihoracins rcunirs par paires." Probably a monstrous form of Cobitis L. Exocallus Dc la Pylaie. 532 (a); orthotypc E. iNsioNis Pylaic (Sparus boops L.). .N'amc a substitute for Boops, of which it is a needless synonym. 184 THE GENERA OF FISHES. PART II Apterogasterus De la Pylaie, S32a ; orthotype A. rostellatus Pylaie, "la Jac- quine". (Not identified.) Argyrosomus De la Pylaie, 534; orthotype A. procerus De la Pylaie. A synonym of ScL^NA L. as restricted by Ciivier ; same as Pseudosci.«na Blkr. 193. RUPPELL (1835). Neuc Wirbelthiere su dcr Fauna von Abyssinicn gehorig, 2 vols. Edu.-xrd Ruppell. Enneapterygius Ruppell, 2; orthotype E. pusillus Ruppell. Gazza Ruppell, 4; orthotype G. equul^eformis Ruppell. Pseudochromis Ruppell, 8; logotype P. olivaceus Ruppell. Halichceres Ruppell, 14; logotype H. bimaculatus Ruppell (as restricted by Jor- dan & Snyder). Regarded as preoccupied by Halichcerus, a genus of seals; replaced by Hemiulis Sw. (1839) and by CnrEROjULis Gill (1864). Lutodeira (Kuhl) Ruppell, 18; orthotype Mucil chanos Forskal. A synonym of Changs Lac. Xenodon Riippell, 53 ; orthotype Balistes nicer Lac. Preoccupied in reptiles ; replaced by Zenodon Sw. (1839), by Odonus Gistel (1848), by Erythrodon Ruppell (1852) and by Pyrodon Kaup (1853). The validity of the oldest of these substitute names, Zenodon^ may be questioned. See' record of Svvainson (1839). Nebrius Riippell, 62; orthotype Nebrius concolor Riippell. Name regarded as pre- occupied by Nebri.\ Latreille and Nebris Cuv. ; replaced by Nebrodes Gar- man. But the root is different : vePgioi of Aristotle, referring to some shark. Uropterygius Ruppell, S3 ; ortliotype N. concolor Riippell. This would be a synonym of Gymnomur^na Lac, as restricted by Bleeker, 1864, but not as limited by Kaup, 1856. Sphaerodon Riippell, 113; orthotype Sci.ena grandoculis Forskal. A synonym of MoNOTAxis Bennett. Pristotis Riippell, 128; orthotype P. cyanostigma Ruppell. A synonym of Poma- CENTRUS Lac. 194. SCHULTZE (1835). I'ersamndung von Naturforschers in Bonn. Carl .\ugust Sigmund Schultze (1795-1877). Hexabranchus Schultze ; orthotype presumably Bdellostoma hexatrema Miiller. If so, a .synonym of Eptatretus Cloquet. According to Agassiz, a genus of lampreys, presumably one with six gills ; no further details available. 1836 195. AGASSIZ (1836). Rccherchcs stir Ics poissons fossitcs. III. Louis Agassiz. Zygobatis .'\gassiz. Ill, 79; orthotype Z. jussiEUi Ag. A synonym of RniNorTERA Kuhl. Odontaspis Agassiz, HI, 87; orthotype O. ferox Ag. A synonym of Carch arias Raf. as now limited. Spinacorhinus Agassiz, III, 94; orthotype S. polyspondylus Ag. (fossil). A syn- onym of Squaloraia Riley. Goniodus .\gassiz. III, 183; orthotype Squalus spinosus Gmelin ~ Squalus bru rus I'onnaterre. A synonym of Echinorhinus Blainv. Amblyurus .Agassiz. III. 220; orthotype A. macrostomus Ag. (fossil). A syno- nym of Dapedium Leach. AdASSIZ \ IIIIIHKKT. 1836 185 196 AGASSIZ & HIBBERT (1836). On the Fresh-water Limestones of Burdic house, etc. Trans. Roy. Soc. Edinburg. Louis Agassiz; Samuel HinBERT (1782-1848). Megalichthys Agassiz, VIII, 202; orthotypc M. uibderti .\g. (fossil). 197. CUVIER & VALENCIENNES (1836). Hisloire naturelle des foissons. XI. .\cHiLi,E Valenciennes. Omobranchus ( Ehrenbcrg) Ciivier & Valenciennes, XI. 87; orthot>'pe Blenne- cm.^ FAScioLATUs Cuv. & Val. .V syiionyin of .'Xspidontus Cuv. Cestrzus Cuvicr & Valenciennes, XI 157: type Ce.str.bus plicatilis Cuv. & Val. Near .Ago.vostomus Bennett, 1830. Not Cestreus Klein, nor of McClelland, nor Gronow. Dajaus Cuvier & Valenciennes, XI, 164; haplotype MuciL monticola Bancroft; near Aconostomus Bennett, 1800. Nestis Cuvicr & Valenciennes. XI, 167; logotype Nestis cyprinoides Cuv. & Val. = .\<;n(istomus telfairi Bennett, 1830. .\ synonym of .\gonostomus Bennett. Blennechis Cuvicr & Valenciennes, XI, 279; logotype B. filamentosus Cuv. & Val. .■\ synonym of Petroscirtes Riippell. Chasmodes Cuvicr & Valenciennes. XI, 295; logotype Blennius bosquianus Lac. Cristiceps Cuvier & X'aloncicnnes, XI, 402; haplotype C. australis Cuv. & Val. Gunnellus Cuvier & Valenciennes, XI, 419; tautotype Blennius cunnellus L. .\ synonym of Piiolis (Gronow) Scopoli (1777), and of Mur,€N0Ides Lac. (1803). Often spelled Gunellus. 198. IIKCKI'X (1836). Scaphirhynchus, cine Fischgoltunn aus der OrdniniL: il,-' Chondropterygier mil freien Kieinen. Ann. Wien. Mus., I. Johann Jakob Heckel (1790-1857). Scaphirhynchus Heckel, I, 71; orthoiype S. rafinesquei = Acipenser platorvn- ciius Raf. Regarded preoccupied by ScAPHORnvNCHUs Maximilian, 1831. .i genus of birds; replaced by Scaphirii vnchops Gill (sec Miillcr 1835). 199 HECKEL & FITZINGER (1836). Monographisehe Darstellung der Gal- lung Acipenser. Ann. Wien. Mus., I. JoiiAN.v Jakob IIeckkl; LF.oroi.n J. Fitzincer (1802-1884). Antaceus Heckel & Fitzingcr, 293; orthotypc Acipenser schvpa Eichw. Lioniscus Heckel & Fitzingcr, 370; orthotypc .'\cipenser glaber Fitzinper. 200. LlfiN.^RD (1836). Sur quelques poissons de I'ile Maurice. L'Instilut. IV tiUZt I.ltNARD. Platysoma Licnard. .Name preoccupied; said to be near Dulf.s (Kuhlia). (Very doubtful; here quoted from Scuddcr. I fail to find the name in question else where.) 201 .MCNSTER (1836). Capilosaurus in Keupersandstein: Gyr >dus mullidens ni Jurakalk: oehle Relonostomus-Arl : Lcbias und Cyprinus in Braunkohlc im Fiehtelgebirge. etc Neues Jahrb. Mineral. Georg monster. Aellopos Miinstcr, 581; orthotypc .\. elongatus Munstcr (fossil). .An extinct nlly of Rhinobatus. 202 KICHARDSON (1836). Back's Narrative of an Arctic Und Expedition John Richardson (1787-1865) Stenodus Richardson (appendix),. 521; orlhotype Salmo mackenziei Rich. Rcpl.nces Luciotbutta Gthr. (1866). 186 THE GENERA OF FISHES, PART 11 203^ RICHARDSON (1836). Fauna Borcali-Amerkana. III. John Richardson. Temnistia Ricliardson, III, 59; orthotype Blepsias vhntricosus Eschscholtz. A synonym of Hemilepidotus Cuv. Salvelinus (.Nilsson) Richardson, III, 169; tautotype Salmo salvelinus L. First use in the singular of Nilsson's group name "Salvelini". Replaces Baione Dckay (1842) and Umbla Rapp (1854). 204. RUPPELL (1836). Neuer Nachlrag su Beschreibungen und Abbildungen ncuer Fische, im Nil entdeckt. Museum Senckenberg, II. WiLHELM Peter Eduard Simon Ruppell. Labeobarbus Ruppell, II, 14; haplotype Labeobarbus nedgia Riippell. Probably not distinct from Tor Gray, 1833. Varicorhinus Ruppell, II, 14; orthotype V. beso Riippell = Labeo varicorhinus Cuv. & Val. Varicorhinus Ruppell is said by Berg to include Capoeta, ScAPHioDON. DiLLONiA, Gymnostomus, Onychostoma, Pteroc A PoiJT A and Acapoeta. Some of these have doubtless standing as subgenera. 205. YARRELL (1836). A History of British Fishes, etc. 2 vols. William Yarrell (1784-1856). Amphioxus (Gray) Yarrell, 468; orthotype Limax lanceolatus Pallas. A synn nym of Branchiostoma Costa. 1837 206. AGASSIZ (1837). Rccherches sur Ics I'oissons fossih-s. Ill (part), V (part). Louis Agassiz. Onchus Agassiz, III, 6; orthotype O. murchisoni Ag. (fossil). Ctenacanthus Agassiz, III, 10; logotype C. major Ag. (fossil). Oracanthus Agassiz, III, 13; orthotype O. mulleri Ag. (fossil). Gyracanthus Agassiz, III, 17; orthotype G. formosus Ag. (fossil). Tristychius .Agassiz, III, 21; orthotype T. arcuatus Ag. (fossil). Ptychacanthus Agassiz, III. 22; orthotype P. subl.bvis .^g. (fossil). A synonym of Tristychius .^g. Sphenacanthus .\gassiz. III, 23; orthotype S. skrrulatus .\g. (fossil). Nemacanthus Agassiz, III, 25; logotype N. moniliker .•^g. (fossil). Leptacanthus Agassiz, III, 27; logotype L. semistriatus Ag. (fossil). Fos.sil spines of a Chim^roid, perhaps synonymous vk-ith Ganodus. Asteracanthus Agassiz, III, 31; orthotype A. ornatissimus Ag. (fossil). Pristeacanthus Agassiz, III, 35; orthotype P, securis Ag. (fossil). Myriacanthus .Agassiz, III. 37: logotype M. paradoxus .^g. (fossil). Hybodus Agassiz III, 41; orthotype H. plicatilis Ag. (fossil). Leiacanthus Agassiz, III, 55; orthotype L. falcatus Ag. (fossil). Pleuracanthus Agassiz, III, 66; orthotype P. l.evissimus Ag. (fossil). Name preoccupied; probably replaced by Orthacanthus Ag. ; perhaps the spine of the forms known from the teeth, as Diplodus, Dicranodus, Dittodus, etc. Hypsodon Agassiz, V, 100; logotype Megalodon levvesiensis Mantell (fossil). .Spicinicns not all of one genus, sonic belonging to Portheus Cope C1872). 207. BONAPARTE (1834-1841). IcoiwgraHa delta fauna italica, per le quattro classi degli aniinali vertebrati. Tome, III. Fesce. Carlo Luclvno Ronap.nkte (Principe dc Canino c do Musignano). BONAPAKTK, 1837 187 This sumptuous and tincly illustrated work was issued in separate fasci- cles from 1832 to 1842. The fishes seem to begin with fascicle VI in 1837. The last arc in fascicle 160, probably issued in 1841. There is no paging, and exact dates, except for a few fascicles, are inaccessible to me. I there- fore divide the work into three parts. 1837, 1840 and 1841. Fascicles 156 to 160 arc subsequent to Swainson's Xalural History. 1839, from which they quote. So far as I know, no question of nomenclature hinges on these uncer- tain dates. Troschel (.trcliiv. Xaturg.) gives the date 1884 for fascicles ■•LicfcrunRcn" VI to XI. 1837 for X\'I to XX, 1838 for XXVI to XXIII. 1839 for XXIV to XXVI. and 1840 for XXVII; hut these "deliveries" .scctu not to correspond to the fascicles. Orectolobus Bonaparte, fasc. 7; orthotype Squall's barbatus Gmelin (date proh ahly 1837). Replaces CROSSoRHi.sfs M. & II. Cerna Bonaparte fasc. 10* ; orthotype Pkria (UGas Briinnich = Laukus cuaza L. <1837). A sjTionym of Epinephelvs Hloch. as now resticted. Cynicoglossus Bonaparte, fasc. 19; orthotype Plf.uroxectf.s cvnoolossl's Nilsson (not i.f L. ) — Pleuronf.ctes kitt Walbaum. Equivalent to Microstomus Gottschc. which it replaces if Microstomus is regarded as preoccupied by Microstoma Cuv. (1817). Batis Bonaparte, fasc 21*; orthotype K.\j.\ kaui'la De la Roche (called Dasvbatus in fasc. 68). A synonym of Raja L. Lxviraja Bonaparte, fasc. 21*; orthotype Raja oxvkiivnchus L. Microchinis Bonaparte, fa.sc. 26*; orthotype 1'lei'ro.nkctks .microchirus Dc la Roche. Same as MoxociiiRi's and Mdnixhir Cuv.. not of Rafinesque ; replaces Bl'glossus Gthr. Monochirus Bonaparte, fasc. 26*; orthotype Solea MONoiHtR Bon. Same as MoNocHiRUs Raf. Pampas Bonaparte. 48; orthotype (not named) but plainly Strom ateus canoidus iiiv. & Val. Replaces Stro.mateiodes BIkr.. 1851. "Diamo il nome di Pampi-s al secundo sottogenere in cui accogliamo quelle specie chc non hanno pinne venirali e portano innanzo ai raggi dorsale e deir analc parecchie spine terminale superiormente da una lamina t.tglicnte." (Bonaparte.) These peculiar trenchant spines are found in all the species called STROMATF.OIDE.S. though buried in the flesh in the adult. Dasybatus Bonaparte, fasc. 68; orthotype Raja radula De la Roche. Called Batis on fascicle 21; also written Dasvbatis. .\ synonym of Raja L. ; not Dasv- atis Raf. (1837). Mcmbras Bonaparte, fa^c. 91 ; orthotype an "exotic species", evidently .\tiikrina MARTl.SICA Cuv. & Val. Menidia Bonaparte, fasc. 91 ; orthotype an "exotic species." evidently Atherina M F.N ID) A L. Hepsetia Bonaparte, fasc. 91: orthotype .•\tiif.ki.\a uoveri Risso. Cyprinopsis ( Kilzingcr) Bonaparte, fasc. 92; orthotype CvrRlNUS carassius L. (1R.W). .'V synonym of Carassius Nilsson. Squalius Bonaparte, fasc. 96; logotype Squalius tviierinmis Bon. = Leuciscus sr(fM.fs Bon. .\ synonym of LEfcisrus Cuv. Scardinius Bonaparte, fasc. 96; orthotype Leuciscus scardafa Bon. Telestes Bonaparte, fasc. 103; orthotype Tfj-estes muticellus Bon. (1839). Plagiusa Bonaparte, fasc. 120 ; orthotype (by implication) Pleuronectes placiusa I.. A substitute for Plagi'SISa Cuv.; preoccupied ("lum Plagisia, nome di crustacco"). A synonym of SvMPHmus Raf. (1810V 188 THK GEN'ERA OF FISHES, PART 11 208. CANTRAINE (1837). Memoire stir un fo'sson nouveau (Acanthodcrma temmincki) trouve dans le canal de Messine. Journ. de Bruxelles. Francois Joseph Cantraine (1801-1863). Acanthoderma Cantraine, X, 1-19; orthotype A. temmincki Cantraine. A synonym of RUVETTUS COCCO. 209. CUVIER& VALENCIENNES (1837). Histoire naturelle dcs poissons. XII. AcHiLLE Valenciennes. Oplopomus (Ehrenberg) Cuvier & Valenciennes, XII, 66 (reference in synonymy) ; orthotype O. pulcher Ehrenb. = Gobius oplopomus Cuv. & Val. Replaces Centrogobius Blkr., 1874. Cryptocentrus (Ehrenberg) Cuvier & Valenciennes, XII, 111; orthotype C. MELEAGRis Ehrenb. = Gobius cryptocentrus Cuv. & Val. Replaces Parj\- coBius Blkr. Ehrenberg's manuscript, Zoologia: Pisces, quoted by Cuvier and Valenciennes, seems never to have been published. Amblyopus Cuvier & Valenciennes, XII, 139 ; logotype T-enoides herrmannianus Lac. A synonym of T^nioides Lac. 1803 Apocryptes (Osbeck) Cuvier & Valenciennes, XII, 143; orthotype Gobius pectini- ROSTis Gmelin = Apocryptes chinensis Osbeck, 1757, and in later transla- tions (after 1758). Apocryptes Cuv. & Val. is plainly a revival of Osbeck's genus, and the name ought not legitimately to be transferred to another group as has been done by Giinther and Bleeker. Bleeker makes Gobius bato Ham. the type of Apocryptes Cuv. & Val., as this is the first species named by these authors under Apocryptes. But it would seem that Osbeck's haplotype (A. chinensis) must be accepted in the revival of his genus, in which case Apocryptes (Osbeck) Cuv. & Val. replaces Boleopiiphalmus Cuv. & Val. (p. 198). As against the views here expressed, it may be urged that the pre- Linnaean name Apocryptes Osbeck has no standing and .'\pocryptes Cuv. & Val. is really based on Gobius bato, a species actually in hand, as the descrip- tion shows. Apocryptes chinensis (pectinirostris) was included by error, it being a member in fact of the genus Boleophthalmus Cuv. & Val., as later writers have recognized. It may be urged further that the first desig- nation of type of -Apocryptes is that of Bleeker, who places it on Apocuvptes b.\to. A further point is that accepting Apocryptes in the Osbcckian sense leaves the genus of Cuvier and Valenciennes without a name, unless we accept GoBiLEPTES Sw. But the scales in Gobileptes are described as large, while those of Apocry!>tes bato are "exceedingly small". Swainson obviously drew his Gobileptes from the description of Gobius acutipinnis Cuv. & Val.. late- abandoning the genus, which he does not again notice. Among the numerous genera of sharp-tailed gobies, I have not found the proper place for (Gobi- leptes acutipinnis. This generic name, Gobilepres Sw., with no st>ccies mentioned, is interpreted by Bleeker as referring to Gobius bato and hence is regarded by him as a synonym of Apocryptes. Boleophthalmus Cuvier & Valenciennes, XII, 198; orthotype Gobius bodd.erti Pal- las. Perhaps a synonym of Apocryptes (Osbeck) Cuv. & Val., which sec above. Philypnus Cuvier & Valenciennes, XII, 235; haplotype Gobiomorus dormitor Lac. Same as Gobiomorus Lac, as first restricted by Jordan. Gill has later lim- ited the name to Valenciennea Blkr. EGERTON. 1837 1«'' Hemerocoetes Cuvicr & Vulcncicnno. XII, 311; haplotypc- Callionvmus acan IIIORHYNCHL'S FofStCr. Platyptera (Kuhl & Van Hasselt) Cuvicr & Valencciinicnces, XII, 320; orthotypc 1". \srRO Van Ilassclt. Nnnic preoccupied, replaced l)y Rhyacichthys Houlcngcr. 1901. Halieutaea Ciivier & Valenciennes, XII, 455; haplotype 1Iaueut«a steluata Cuv. & Vnl 210. EGERTON (1W7). l Catalogue of Fossil Fishes.) Philip dk M.m.i-as Gkev Egehton (1806-1881). Isurus (.^gassiz) Egcrton ; orthotype I. macrourus Ag. (fossil). Name only; validated by .Agassiz, 1844. Name preoccupied ; replaced by Saurichthys Woodw., 1901. 211 FITZINGER (1837). I'orliiufigcr Bcricht iihcr cine Iwcltsl itilercssanle Ent- dcckuiig Dr. Nattcrcrs in Brasil. Okcn's Isis. Leopold Joseph Franz Fitzinger. Lepidosiren Fitzinger. 379 ; orthotype L. paradoxa Fitzinger. 212 FRIES (1837). Picrycombus. elt nytl Asksldgte frin Ishafvet. Handl. K. Vetensk. Akad. Stockholm. Benct Fredrik Fries (1799-1839). Pterycombus Fries, 14; orthotype P. brama Fries. 213 GEINITZ (1837). Thiiringischen Muschelkalk. Hans Bruno Geinitz (1814-1900). Acrodus (Agassiz) Geinitz, 21; orthotype A. gaillardoti .\g. (fossil). (Also in Poissons fossiles, III, 139, 1838.) 214 IIECKEL (1837). Ichlhyologisclw H.-ilriige. Ann. Wiener Mus., 11. Johann Jakob Hecket.. Scorpaenopsis Meckel, II, 158; orthotype Scorp.'ena nesogallica Cuv. & Val. Trachydermus Hcckel, 11, 159; orthotype T. efasciatijs Meckel. Name three times preoccupied as Trachyderma,- replaced by Centridermichthys Rich. 215 KUTORGA (1837). Beilrag cur Geognosic und Palcontologic Dorpats und seiner ndchsten i'mgebtingen. St. Pctcrsbourg. IV, for. 1835. Zwciter Bei- trag, 1837. Stepan Semenovich Ki.:torca (1812-1861). Ichthyosauroides Kutorga, II. 35; orthotypc Trionyx spinosus Kutorga (fossil). Name rejected as inappropriate, the genus being supposed to be reptilian ; an inadequate reason for change of name to Heterostils Asmuss, 1856. 216 MOLLFR & HENLE (1837). Gattungen der Hoifische und Rochcn nach threr Arbeit, "i'eber die S'alurgeschiehle der KnnrpelAsche". Her. Akad. Wiss. Berlin. Johannes MCxlkr; I-rifdkich (iUstav Jakoii He.vle, Taeniura Mullrr .V Ttcnie 117 La-ntvpr Tuvc.on fikVATv Grav - Raja lvmma ForskSl. 217 MttLLKR & HKNLt ( 18,)/ » On the lienerie Charaelers of Cartilaginous Fishes, with Descriptions of .\ew Genera. Mag. Nat. Hist., 11. Johannes MOi.lek; Friedrich Gustav Jakob Henle. 1''0 THE GEXERA OF FISHES, PART 11 Hemitrygon Miiller & Henle, 90; orthotype Trygon bennetti M. & H, Ginglymostoma Miiller & Henle, 113; orthotype Squalus cirratus Gmelin Scoliodon Miiller & Henle, 114; orthotype Carcharias laticaudus M. & H. Gymnura Miiller & Henle, 117; orthotype Raja asperrima B1. & Schn. Name preoccupied; replaced by Urogymnus M. & H. Himantura Miiller & Henle, 400; orthotype Raja uarnak Forskal. Urogymnus Miiller & Henle, 434; logotype Raja asperrima B1. & Schn. Re- places Anacanthus Ehrenb. and Gymnura M. & H., both preoccupied. 218. REDFIELD (1837). Fossil Fishes of Connecticut and Mussachnscfts with » Xotice of an Undetermined Genus. Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y. John Howard Redfield (1825-1895). Catopterus Redfield, IV, 39; orthotype C. gracilis Redfield (fossil). Preoccupied by Catopterus Ag. (1833) ; replaced by Redfieldius Hay (1899). 219. REINHARDT (1837). Bylhites. novum genus t^iscium. Danske Vid. Sclsk. Afh., VI. Johannes Christopher Hagemanx Reinhardt. Bythites Reinhardt. VI, 77; orthotype B. fuscus Reinh. 220. SMITH (1837). On the Necessity for a Revision of the Groiifs Included in the Linncean Genus Sgualus. Proc. Zool. Soc. London. Andrew Smith. Poroderma Smith, 85; logotype Squalus africanus Gmelin. Catulus Smith, 85 ; orthotype Scvllium capense Smith. Name preoccupied in insects, partly equivalent to Scylliorhinus Blainv., 1816. Hemiscyllium Smith, 86; logotype Squalus ocellatus Bonneterre. Carcharodon Smith, 86; orthotype Carcharodon capexsis Smith -=- Squalus car- charias L. Leptocarias Smith; 111. S. Afr. Zool.; orthotype Tki.icnoixjx smithi Gray; quoted by Agassiz, Nom. Zool., 1846; hence prior to Leptocarchari as Gthr., 1870. Replaces Leptocarcharias. 221. THOMPSON (1837). Xotes Relating to the Xatural History of Ireland, ivith a Description of a Sew Genus of Fishes (Eehindon ). Prnc. Zool. Soc. London, V. William Thompson. Echiodon Thompson, 55; orthotype E. drummondi Thompson. A synonym of Carapus Raf. (Fierasfer Cuv.). 1838 222. AGASSIZ (1838). Reeherehes sur Ics poissons fossiles. Ill, W (parts). Louis Agassiz. Ptychopleurus Asassiz, 111, 67; orthotype Ptych acanthus faucasi Ag. A fossil ally of Myliobatis. Oxyrhina Aga,ssiz. HI, 86; logotype O. mantei.li Ag, (fossil). Name preoccu- pied, the genus not separable from the living genus IsURUS Raf, (1810), Orodus .\gassiz, HI, 96; logotype O, cinctus Ag, (fossil,) Ctenoptychius Agassiz, HI, 99; orthotype C. apjcalis Ag. (fossil), Helodus .Xgassiz, HI, 104; orthotype II, simplex Ag. (fossil), Chomatodys Agassiz, HI, 107; logotype C. cinctus Ag, (fossil). An ally of CucnLiouus, of undetermined value. r.icKi.ANi). 18.W I'M Cochliodus AKassiz. 111. 113; orthotypc C. contortus Ag. (fossil). Strophodus Agassiz. 111. 116; logotype S. rbticulatus .Ag. (fossil). A synonym of .ASTERACANTIIUS. Ceratodus .Vfpissiz. Ill, 129; orthotypc C. latissimus Ag. (fossil). Considered by Gistet as prcoccupifd by tlic c;irlicr Ceratodo.v ; Sikopha Gistcl (1848) has been proposed as a substitute. Ctenodus .Agassiz, III, 137; orthotypc C. cristatvs Ag. (fossil). Considered as preoccupied by the earlier Ctenodon. Kuadamista Gistcl (1848) has been proposed as a substitute. Acrodus .Agassiz. Ill, 139; orthotypc A. gaillardoti .Ag. (fossil). Xame first pub lished by Geinitz, 1837; regarded as preoccupied by AcRouoN Zimni. (1832), a genus of beetles; Adiai'-sei'stes Gistcl (1848) being suggested as substi tutc. But Thectoiils Meyer &• Plitnini;er (1844) is earlier than .\diap- N BUSIES. Hoplopteryx .\gas>iz, 1\ . 4; logotype 11. ANTKiufs Ag. (fossil). Sphenocephalus Agassiz, IV, 4; orthotypc S. fissicaudl's Ag. (fossil). Acanus .Agassiz, IV'. 4; logotype .A. ovalis Ag. (fossil). (Printed first without ex planation in Xeues Jahrb., 1834, 305). Acrogaster Agassiz, IV, 5; orthotypc A. pakvl's Ag. (fossil). Podocys Agassiz, IV, 5, 135; orthotypc P. minutus Ag. (fossil). Sparnodus Agassiz, IV, 10; orthotypc Sparus macroitithalmls Volta (fossil). ( Printed first without definition, Scucs Jahrb., 1835, 300.) Callipteryx .Agassiz, IV, 12; logotype C. speciosus .Ag. (fossil). (.Also printed as name only in Xeues Jahrb., 1835, 293. ) Semiophorus .Agassiz, IV. 14; orthotypc Kukti-.-; velifer V'olta (fossil). Pygaeus .Agassiz, IV, 16, 256; logotype P. coleanus Ag. (fossil). Macrostoma .Agassiz, IV, 15. 260; ortlmtypc M. ai-tum Ag. (fossil). (Xame twice preoccupied. ) 223. liUCKLA.NI) (1838). Ou the Discozrry of Fossil Fishes in the Bagshut Sands at Coldworth Hill, Four Miles Xorth of Guildford. Proc. Cicol. Soc. London. II. William Buckla.ni> (1784-1856). Edaphodon liuckland. II. 687; logotype Chi.m.era mantelli Buckland (fossil). According to Dr. L. Hussakof, the following genera based on Chimi-roid teeth arc all synonyms of Euapiiouo.v, namely, Ischvodu.s, Kumyloui's, Passalo- iio.v, PsiTTAcoDOiN, DiPRisTis. DiPiiRissA and Bryactinus. Passalodon Buckland, II, 687; orthotypc Ciiim.erv Afivssizi Bnckland (fossil). A synonym of Edaphodon. Ameibodon Buckl.ind. This name is quoted by Agassiz from the Pror. Zool. Soe. London. 18,19 I do not lind it there. 224. COCCO (1838). .S"!* rfi aleuni salmonidi del mare di Messina: lettera al Ch D. Carlo Luciano Honaparle. .\uovi .Ann. Sci. \af., II. Anastasio Cikxo. Gymnocephalus Cocco. 26; orthotypc G. mkssingnsis Cocco. N'ame preoccupied; .1 -viii'iiym of CENTRnLOPllus Lac. Maurolicus Cocco, 32; orthotypc M. ametiivstinopunctatus Cocco. Odontostomus Cocco, 32; orthotypc O. iivsi.iNf.s Cocco. Regarded as prroccu picrl I.y Odontostomus (1887). a genus of mollusks ; replaced by Rvf.r- •mannslla Fowler. 192 THi". (;i-:\iiu.\ of fi.shks. I'AKt ii 225. GRAY (1838). (Aracana.) Ann. Hist., I. John EdWard Gray. Aracana Gray, I, 110; logotype A. ornata Gray. (Printed without description in 1833.) 226. MECKEL (1838). Fische aiis Caschmir gcsammclt und hernusgegeben von Carl Freihcrrn von Hiigel, etc. Wic-n. JoHANN Jakob Heckel. Schizothorax Heckel, 11 ; logotype S. plagiostomus Heckel as fixed by Bleeker, 1863 ; limited by Giinther in 1868 to S. curvifrons, etc. Same as Oreinus McCl., which it replaces if valid 227. LOWE (1838). Piscium Maderensium species quadam nova vel minus rite cognitcr brevitcr descriptec, etc. Trans. Cambridge Phil. Soc, VI. Richard Thomas Lowe. Polymixia Lowe, VI, 198; orthotype P. nobilis Lowe. 228. MOLLER & HENLE (1838). Systematische Beschreibung der PLigiostomen. Berlin (1838 to 1841). Johannes Muller; Frederick Gust.w Jakob Henle. Chiloscyllium Muller & Henle, 17; logotype Scyllium pl.^giosum Bennett. Crossorhinus iMulkr i Henle, 21 ; orthotype Squ.vlus barbatus Gmclin. A synonym of Orectolobus Bon. Stegostoma Midler & Henle 24 ; orthotype Squalus fasciatus Bloch. Aprion Muller & Henle, 32 ; orthotype Carch.\rias isouon M. & H. Name pre- occupied in lishe; ; rciiiaccd by .Aprionodon Gill, 1861. Hypoprion Miiller & Henle, 34; orthotype Carchahias macloti M. & H. Prionodon Muller & Henle, 36; logotype Squalus glaucus L. Preoccupied; re- placed by Prionace Cantor, 1849. Triakis Miiller & Henle, II, 36; orthotype T. scyllium. Spelled Triacis by authors. Triaenodon Miiller & Henle, 55 ; orthotype Carcharias obesus M. & H. Galeocerdo Miiller & Henle, 59; onhctyft G. tiorinus M. & H. Loxodon Miiller & Henle, 61; orthotype L. macrorhinus M. & H. Thalassorhinus Miiller & Iknle, 62; orthotype T. vulpecula M. & H. Carcharodon (Smith) Miiller & Henle, 70; orthotype C. rondeleti M. & H. = Squalus c.\rcharias L. Alopecias Miiller & Henle, 74; orthotype Squalus vulpes Gnielin = S. vulpi.nus Bonnaterre. A revised spelling of Alopias Raf. Triglochis Miiller & Henle, II, 88; orthotype Squalus ferox Risso. A synonym of Odontasi'is Ag. and of Carcharias Raf. Centrophorus .AliiUer & Henle, 89; logotype C. granulatus M. & H. Perhaps a synonym of Dalatias Raf. Lamargus Miiller & Henle, 93; orthotype Squalus borealis Scoresby. A syno- nym of So.MNiosus Le Sueur. Pristiophorus Miiller & Henle, 98; orthotype Pristis cirratus Latham. Rhynchobatis Miilkr & llcnlc. 111; orthotype Rhinobatus l.evis B1. & Schn. Syrrhina Miiller & Henle, 113; logotype S. column.e M. & H. as restricted by Jor- dan & livcrnianii, 1896, the earliest definite restriction I liave found. Gar- man, 1912, indicates Syrrhina brevirostris M. & H. as type. This is a species referred to Zapteryx J. Sc G. .\s here understood, Svrkhi?ia is a synonym of Rhinobatus. Trygonorhina Miiller &• Henle, 124; orthohpc T. fasciata M. & H. MUI.I.KK & llENI.i:. 1838 l'>3 Platyrhina Miillcr & ilenle, 123; logotype Raja sinensis Lac. Name regarded as preoccupied by Platyrhinus; replaced by Analithis Gistel (184S) and later by DiscOBATUS Garman (1881). Astrape Miiller & Hcnlc, 130; logotype Raja capensis Gmelin. A synonym of N'.\RKE Kaiip, 1826. Uraptera Miillcr & Hcnlc, 155; logotype U. agassizi M. & H. Sympterygia Mullcr & Hcnlc, 155; orthotype S. bonapartii M. & H. Pteroplatea Muller & Hcnlc, 168; orthotype Raja alta\-ela L. Hypolophus Mullcr & Henle, 170; orthotype Raja sephen ForskSI. A synonym of r.\.>iTiNACnus Riippcll, if this name is accepted (not Pastinaca Nardo). Taeniura Miillcr Henle, 171; logotype Raja lymma ForskSl. Urolophus Muller & Henle, 173; logotype Raja ckuciata Lac. Trygonoptera Mullcr & Henle, 174; orthotype T. testacea M. & H. Aetoplatea .\hillcr & Henle, 175; orthotype A. tentaculata M. & H. Ceratoptera Muller & Hcnie, 186; orthotype Cephaloptera vampyrus Mitchill. A synonym of Manta Bancroft Centroscyllium Muller & Henle, 191; orthotype Spinax fabricii Rcinh. 229. MULLER & HENLE (1838). (Plagiostomen.) Charlesworth's Magazine of Natural History, 1838. Johannes Muller; Friedrich Henle. Leptocharias *Iiiller & Henle, H, 36; orthotype Tri>enodon smithi Gray. Same as LF.rTficARiAS Smith, 1837. 230 XORUMANN (1838). Berichi an die kaiscrlichc Akademic dcr IVisscn- schaften, iiber cine neue Pischgnltung (Hexacanlhus) aus dcr Familie dcr Gobioiden. Bull. Acad. Sci. St. Petersb., IH. -Vle.xanoer von Nord.mann. Hexacanthus Xordmann ; orthotype GoBius .macroceph.vlus Pallas. Name re- ganlid as preoccupied by Hexacantha; replaced by Benthopuilus Eichw. 231. REIXHARDT (1838). Ichthyologiskc bidrag til den Gronlandske fauna, etc. Danske Vid. Sclsk. Afh. Kjobenhavn, Vll. Johannes Ciiristophek Hagemann Reinhardt. Himantolophus Reinhardt, 74; orthotype H. gkcenlandicus Reinh. Citharus Reinhardt, 116; orthotype Pleuronectes platessoides Fabricius, not of Ruse, 1793, nor of BIcekcr, 1862. A synonym of Hippoglossuides Gottschc. Gymnelis Reinhardt, VH, 130; orthotype Ormuiu.M virioe Fabricius. Lycodes Reinhardt, VII, 153; logotype L. vahli Reinh. 232. SWAINSON ( 1838). The Natural History of Fishes. Amphibians and Rep- tiles, or Monocardian Animals. I. Willi \M Swainson (1789-1855). Pedalion (Guilding) Swainson, 1, 199; II, 195. 329; orthotype (Tetrodon mola L.). :\ synonym of Mola Kolr. Ariosoma Swainson, I. 220; II, 195; (no type named); logotype, as restricted by BIccker and by Swain, Ophi.soma acita Sw. — Mur.f.na balearica Dc la Roche; replaced by Ophisoma Sw., on II, 334; a name preoccupied; replace Conge«muR/€Na Kaup and Congrellls Ogilby. Several other generic names definc.l by Swainson in Vol. H (1H39) are casually mentioned with a few words of comparison. Tins Rre\'Icfps (238. 343, .145). Cvi-siLURtrs (I. 299). But when no question of priority arise.i, the^e need not be mentioned further. 194 THE GENERA OF FISHES, PART IT Breviceps Swainson, I, 328; II, 189; orthotype B. filamentosus Sw. = Arius BAHiENSis Castelnau. Name preoccupied; replaced by Felichthys Sw. II, 305. A synonym of Bagre (Cuv.) Oken, a*s restricted to its taiitotype. 1839 233. AGASSIZ (,1839). Kunstliclie Sicinkcrne von Konchylieii und Fischc. Neues Jahrb. Mineral. Louis Agassiz, Eugnathus Agassiz, 118; logotype E. minor Ag. (fossil) ; regarded as preoccupied by EuGNATHA ; replaced by Furo Gistel (1848). 234. AGASSIZ (1839). fishes of the Old Red Sandstone. In Murchison's Silurian System. Louis Agassiz. Holoptychus Agassiz, 68; orthotype H. nobilissimus Ag. (fossil). Usually written HOLOPTYCHIUS. Sclerodus Agassiz, 606; orthotype S. pustuliferus Ag. Thelodus Agassiz, 606; orthotype T. parvidens Ag. (fossil). Plectrodus Agassiz, 606, 704; logotype P. mirabilis Ag. (fossil). A synonym of Sclerodus Ag. Sphagodus Agassiz (not quoted Ijy Woodward). Xaine of an Iclithydornlite or fossil fin-spine. 235. AGASSIZ (1839). Recherches sur les foissons fossiles. It, IV (pari). Louis Agassiz. Sphserodus Agassiz, 1). 215; logotype S. conicus Ag. (fossil). Not Sph^erouon Riippell. Pristigenys Agassiz, IV, 136 orthotype P. macrophthalmus Ag. (fossil). (Printed as name only in Neues Jahrb.. 1835, 299.) Ptychodus Agassiz, III, 150; orthotype P. mammilaris Ag. (fossil). Odonteus ,'\gassiz, IV, 178; orthotype O. sparoides Ag. (fossil). Pterygocephalus Agassiz, IV. 190; orthotype P. paradoxus Ag. (fossil). (.Also as name only, Neues Jahrb., 1835, 295.) 236. BONAPARTE (1839). Systema Ichthyologiciim. Mem. Sci. Nat. Neuf chitel, II, 1839. Charles Lucien Bonaparte. Pristidurus Bonaparte, II, 11; orthotype Galeus melastomus Kaf. Commonly written Pristiurus, but the form here given is apparently earlier. 237. CUVIER & VALENCIENNES (1839). Ilisloire naturelle dcs poissons. XIII, XIV. Achii-le Valenciennes. Cossyphus t'uvier & Valenciennes, .XIII, 102; logotype Bodianits boiuanus Bloch. Identical with Bodianus Bloch, as restricted, and Hakpe Lac. The name Cossyphus is also preoccupied. Acantholabrus Cuvier & Valenciennes. XIII, 242; logotype Lutjanus palloni Ri.sso. Ctenolabrus Cuvier & Valenciennes, XIII, 223; logotype Laprus rupestris L. Bagrus Cuvier & Valenciennes, XIV, 388; logotype SitUKi's bajad F"orskSl, not Bagre (Cuv.) Oken, wliich is Felichthys Sw. Bagrcs is regarded as I.AV & nENNETT, 1830 105 preoccupied by Bache, both being furms of "Los Bagres" Cuv. If so. it is replaced by Porcus GcofTroy St. Hilaire, 1818. 238 L.AV & BKNNETT (1839)? l-ishes. (In the /^oology of Cuftain Beecheys I'oyage. ) G. T. Lay ; Edward Turner Bennett. Peropus Lay & Rcnnctt, 59; orthotype Bi.kpsias bilodl's Cuv, & Val. Name pre occupied; replaced by HiSTiocorri's Gill, 1888. 239 LOWE (1839). A Sufplcmcnt to a Syiiofsis of the Fisliis of MaJtira Proc. Zool. Soc. London, VII. Richard Thomas Lowe. Callanthias Lowe, 76; orthotype C. parauis.bus — Bodianus peloritanus Cocco. Aphanopus Lowe, 79; orthotype A. cardo Lowe. Pompilus Lowe, 81; orthotype CoRVPH.eNA pompilus L. — Pompilus rondeleti Lowe. A synonym of Centrolophus Lac. Alysia Lowe, 87; orthotype A. loricata Lowe ~ Scopelus coccoi Cocco. Name preoccupied; replaced by Rhinsocopelis Liitkcn. Acanthidium Lowe. 91; logotype A. pusillum Lowe, as restricted by Jordan anc Evcrmann, 1896. Garman. 1913, chooses the second species named by Lowe, A. caix:ei;s, a species of Deania, as the type. As first restricted, Acanthi- dium is a synonym of Et.mopterus Raf. 240. .MlCLIXLAXU (1839). hijiaii Cyprimdtr. Asiatic Researches, .\1.\. John McClelland (1805-1875). Oreinus McClelland, 273 ; logotype O. guttatus McCl. Regarded by Gistel as pre- occupied by Oreina. the name Enclottocaster substituted for it. Probably a synonym of Schizothorax Meckel. Systomus McClelland, 284; logotype S. im.m.\culatl's McCl. Perilampus McClelland, 288; logotype Cyprinus devario Mam. .A synonym of Hakilius. Opsarius McClelland, 295; logotype O. .maculatl's McCl. .Apparently a synonym of I'vKii.iLs Mam. Psilorhynchus McClelland, 300; logotype Cyprinus sucatio Mam. A synonym of MoMALOPTERA Van Hassclt. Aplocheilus McClelland, 301; logotype A. chrysosticmus McCl. ~ Esox panciiax Mam. Name corrected to Mapi.(X"HII.is Giinther. Schistura .McClelland, 306; logotype Cobitis rupecula McCl. .\ synonym of Bar- hatii.a Linck. Gonorhynchus McClelland, 373; logotype C, hrkvis McCl. Not Gonoriivnchus oI 'rmnuw and Scopoli (1777). A synonym of Crossocheills Van Masselt. Hymenphysa McClelland, 443; logotype CofBiTis dario Ham. Corrected to Mvmenophysa by Gunthcr ; a synonym of Botia Gray. 241 McCLELL.AND (1839). Observations on Six Sew Sffcies of . ./ Report on III,- Fishes of Massachusetts. Boston Journ. Xat. Hist., II. David Humpurevs Storer (.1804-1891). Cryptacanthodes Storer, 28; orthotype C. macuu^tus Storer. 251. SWAINSON (1839). The .\atiiral History of Fishes, Amphibians and Reptiles or Monocardian Animals. II. William Swainson. 1m a review of Swainson's Genera of Fishes, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1882, page 272, Dr. Joseph Swain has made idcntilications of all of the series Swainson's genera, indicating a logotype for eacli. This designation of type must stand in every case, except when a prior indication has been made, as was done in a few cases by Bonaparte and by Bleeker. Swainson's work is perhaps the last and certainly the most unwelcome of an unfortunate series to which belong Scopoli's Introductio, Fischer's Zoognosia. Rafmesque's Analyse de la Nature, works which treat of the whole scope of Ichthyology, adding new genera here and there, but without special investigation of the animals concerned, leaving their generic names imperfectly defined as a bur den to the real students who must give to these names their final meaning. Of the 153 new names introduced by Swainson, about 30 must be retained on the score of priority of date, but there is not a dozen of the whole number based on any clear understanding of the relations of the species indicated In Chapter I of Vol. 2, on pages 167 to 19", Swainson gives an analytical key to the genera he recognizes. In this part no species are mentioned and in several cases the genera bear other names when they appear later in the reg ular text in Chapter II of Vol. 2 (197-339). Erosa Swainson, II, 61: tautotype Synanceia erosa Langsdorff; type not indicated but understood from context, and from the generic name chosen. The genus is valid and was revived by Jordan & Starks (1904). Trichosomus Swainson, II, 61. 265; logotype Apisti's trachi.noidf.s Cuv. & Val .Xccidcntally spelled also Trichophasia on page 61. Regarded as preoccupied by Trichosoma, a genus of worms, and by Tricikisomu.x, a genus of bettles; replaced by Vespicila Jordan & Rich. Prosopodasvs Cantor, originally a substitute name for .Npistus, is transferred by Giinther to A. trachinoiues, an arrangement apparently not allowable, as Cuvicr does not mention that species among "les .'\ pistes". Thichopiiasia. an error, not a new name, seems also ineligible Trichophasia Swainson, II, 61 ; (used evidently by error of proof-reader for Tri CHosoMfs) which form appears before and after on page 61 and formally on page 279. Clinitrachus Sw.iinson, II. 75; II, 276; orthotype (on p. 75» nLENNii;s variaiulis Raf., a .species not mentioned on page 276, hence B. superciliosus L., a species of Clini;s, was indicated as type by Swain .\ svnonym of Cristi- cws Cuv. & Val. nR,T6). 198 THE GENERA OF FISHES, PART 11 Blennitrachus Swainson, II, 78; II, 274; orthotype Pholis quadrifasciatus Wood. A synonym of Ch as modes Cuv. Cichlaurus Swainson, II, 173; haplotype (230) Labrus punctatus Bloch. Later called CiCHLASOMA, which name it should replace. Dendrochirus Swainson, II, 180; logotype Pterois zebra Cuv. & Val. Pteropterus Swainson, II, 180; logotype (p. 264) Pterois radiatus Cuv. & Val. A synonym of Pterois Cuv. Psilosomus Swainson, II, 183; logotype T.enioides herrmannianus Lac. A syn- onym of T;enioides Lac. Gobileptes Swainson, II, 183; no type named; orthotype intended (as is evident from Swainson's description) GoBius acutipinnis Cuv. &: Val. "like Gobius, but the caudal lanceolate and the scales large". Bleeker (1876) has, how- ever, fixed the type, none having been named before, on Gobius b.wo Ham. This raises a question in nomenclature already noted under Apocrvptes (1837). Salmostoma Swainson, II, 184; logotype Cyprinus bacaila Ham. on page 284, where the genus is called Salmophasia. Replaces Secusicula Gthr., 1868. Scrophicephalus Swainson, II, 187; no type named, Mormyrus caschive Hassel- quist intended ("dorsal fin single, very long; snout produced"). A synonym of Mormyrus L., as restricted by Gill (1862). Ariosoma Swainson, II, 194; logotype as restricted by Bleeker, 1864, Ophisoma acuta Sw. = Mur«na balearica De la Roche. Replaces Congermur.ena Kaup (1856) and Congrellus Ogilby 1898. Leiodon Swainson, II, 194; logotype Leiosomus marmoratus Sw. ^= Tetraodon CUTCUTIA Ham., as defined by Bleeker (1865). Swain restricts the name Leiosomus as later substituted by Swainson for Leiodon, to Leiosomus L.EVissiMus Sw., which is Tetraodon spengleri Bloch, a species of Spheroides. Leiodon Sw. has precedence over Leiodon Owen. 1841, and replaces Monotreta Bibron. Canthigaster Swainson, II, 194; logotype Tetraodon rostratus Bloch. Called Psilonotus later in the text ; replaces Anosmius Peters. Cromileptes Swainson, 11. 201 ; logotype Serranus altivelis Cuv. & Val. Restricted by Bleeker (187S) to S. altivelis, thus replacing Serranichthys Blkr. Later restricted by Swain to Epinephelus gigas. Cynichthys Swainson, II, 201; haplotype Perca flavopurpurea Bennett = Holo- centrus FLAVOCyTiRULEUS Lac. A syiionym of Epinephelus (not Plectorhyn- CHUS as stated by Swain). Variola Swainson, II, 202; haplotype V. longipinna Sw. = Perca louti Forskal. Uriphaston Swainson, II, 202; orthotype Serranus phaiston Cuv. & Val. = U. microi.eptes Sw. This genus is based on a made-up fish, a Cepiialopiiolis, with the tail of a Fistularja attached. A synonym of Cephalopholis B1. & Schn. Elastoma Swainson, II, 202; type Etelis oculatus (Cuv. & Val.). A synonym of l'>ELis Cuv. Rabdophorus Swainson, II, 211; haplotype Cii.v.TonnN ephippium Bloch. A sub- division of Ch.etodon. Genicanthus Swainson, II, 212; logotype Hoi.acanthu.'; lamarcki (Cuv.) A synonym of I1ola(anthus Lac. Microcanthus Swainson. II, 215; haplotype Ch.etodon stricatus Cuv.. a wilful misprint for Micracanthus. swAiNsox, 1839 199 Chrysiptera Swainson. II, 216; logotype (Jlyphidodos azureus Q. & ('•. A suli- Kcnus under Abudefduf. Microgaster Swainson, II, 216; haplotypc liTROPLfs coruchi Cuv. & Val. — Ch^ roiK)N MACi-LATL's Blocli. Equivalent to Paretroplus Blkr. A synonym of I-.TRorns Cuv. & Val. as rcstricicd. ChaEtolabrus Swainson, II, 216; logotype Ch.btodon suratensis Blocli. A synonym ot I'.TROI'MJS Cuv. Chrysoblephus Swainson, II, 221; haplotypc Sparus c.ibbiceps Cuv. A section under Sparus L. Argyrops Swainson, II. 221 ; haplotypc Sparus spinifer Forskil. A section under Sp.\rus L. Calamus Swainson, II, 221; haplotypc Pagellus calamus Cuv. & Val. — Calamus ME<;.\CEPHALUS Sw. Lithognathus Swainson, II, 222; haplotypc Sparus capensis Cuv. Nemipterus Swainson, II, 223: haplotypc Dentex filamentosus Cuv. Replaces SvNACRis Gthr., 1859. Thalassoma Swainson, II, 224; haplotypc Labrus purpureus Riippcll. Stands in place ol JuLis Gthr., not of Cuvicr. Urichthys Swainson, II, 224; logotype Labrus lunulatus Riippcll. A synonym of CuEiLiNUs Lac. Crassilabrus Swainson, II, 225; haplotypc Cheilinus ondulatus Riippcll. A sec- tion under Cheilinus Lac. Leptoscanis Swainson, 11, 226; haplotypc Scarus vaiciensis Q. & G. = Scarus SPiNiiiKNs Cuv. — Callkhion vaigiensis Cuv. & Val. Replaces Calotomus Gilbert, and Calliopon Cuv. ; not Callvoiwn of Gronow nor Calliodon of HI. & Schn. Hemistoma Swainson, II, 226; haplotypc Scarus pepo Bennett ^ Hemistoma reticulata Sw. A synonym of Callvodon Gronow or Scarus Forskil. Erychthys Swainson, II. 226; logotype Labrus croicensis Bloch. A synonym of C.M.I.VODON Gronow or Scarus Forskal, Petronason Swainson. II. 226; logotype Corvph^na psittacus L. as restricted by HKikrr and by Swain. A synonym of Callvdodon or Scarus. Pachynathus Swainson, II, 226 (misprint for Pachygnatiius) ; haplotypc P. tri- A.NGULARis Sw., bascd on Rahtee vfxlakah Russell = Balistes capistratus Shaw. Xanic preoccupied as Pachygnatiius; replaced by Sufflamen Jorilan, 1917. The International Commission of Nomenclature has decided that Pachynathus is to be regarded as a misprint, hence identical with l'ArllY(;NATHUS. Chlorurus Swainson. II, 227; haplotypc Scarus gibbus Riippcll .^ synonym of (ai.i.voihin or Scarus. Amphiscams Swainson, II, 227; Scarus fuscus C}rifliih. .V svn.mvm of Siganus Forskil. Sparisoma Swainson, II. 227: haplotypc Scarus aIiildgaardi Bloch. Kquivalcnt to Si ARis (ithr.. which it replaces; not Scarus of Forsk.il, which should ^t.lnd as Callvodon (ininow, if dmnow's names arc allowed. Hemiulis Swainson. II, 22H , logotype Labrus cuttatus Bloch, as restricted by Bonaparte (Fauna Italica, 1841) Swain (1882) chose Cheilio auratus Q. & G. as type regarding IIemiilis as a synonym of Cheilio. If Hali- CHiEREs Riippcll is regarded as preoccupied by Halich(Erus. Hrmiulis must replace it Instead of Ciicerojulis Gill. 200 THE GENERA OF FISHES, PART II Cynaedus Swainson, II, 229; logotype Labrus rupestris Bloch, as restricted by Bonaparte, Labrus tinca, as restricted by Swain. Swainson offers this nartic as a substitute for Crenilabrus Cuv., of which he wrongly assigns Luti- ANUS vERRES, a BoDiANUS, as type. Cyn.edus S\v. (not of Gronow or Scopoli) is a synonym of Ctenolabrus Cuv. & Val. Astronotus Swainson, II, 229 ; haplotype Lobotes ocellatus Spix. Replaces Acara Heckul and Hvgrogonus Gthr., 1862. Thalliurus Swainson, II, 230; haplotype Labru.s blochl -^ Labsus kuligi nosus Lac. Replaces Hemigymnus Gthr.. 1864. Labristoma Swainson, II, 230; logotype Pseudochromis onvAfiEus Ruppell. A needless substitute for Pseudochromis Ruppell, 1835. Cichlasoma Swainson, II, 230; haplotype Labrus punct.\tus Bloch. Called Ctch- laurus on page 173; equivalent to Herds Meckel (1840) as restricted: appar- ently CicHL.^URUS should stand. Ichthycallus Swainson, II, 232; logotype Labrus julis L., as restricted by Bona parte (1839). Swain has chosen (1882) Labrus semipunct.\tus as type, a species of CoRis Lac. Jordan later took the first species named, dimidiatus, as type, a species of Iridic. Ichthycallus is a synonym of Julis Cuv. & Val. "Chlorichthys and Ichthyc.vllus, confused jumble of species, may well be disposed of as synonyms of Thalassoma and Coris, respectively, although several other genera are represented in each." (Swain.) Eupemis Swainson, II, 232; haplotype Labrus fusiformis Riippell. .\ synonym of Cheilio Lac. Chlorichthys Swainson, II, 232; logotype Labrus bifasciatus Bloch, as restricted by Swain. Bonaparte selects as type Labrus p.wo Hasselquist, a species not mentioned by Swainson. A synonym of Thalassoma Sw. Zanclurus Swainson, II, 239; type Histiophorus indicus Cuv. & Val. A synonym of IsTiOPHORUS Lac. Zyphothyca Swainson, II, 239; type Gempvlus coluber Cuv. & Val.; for Xipho- theca Montague. A synonym of Gempylus Cuv. Leiurus Swainson, II, 242; logotype Gasterosteus aculeatus L. A synonym of Gasterosteus L. Polycanthus Swainson, II. 242; type Gasterosteus spinachia L. A synonym of Spinachia Fleming. 1825. Polycanthus is also preoccupied. Chirostoma Swainson, II, 242; haplotype Atherina humboldtiana Cuv. & Val. Meladerma Swainson, II, 243; haplotype M. nigerrima Sw. = Elacate pondi- CF.RRIANA Cuv. & Val. A synonym of Rachycentron Kaup (1826), and of Elacate Cuv. (1831). Platylepes Swainson, II, 247; haplotype Scomber lactarius B1. & Schn. A syn- onym of Lactarius Cuv. & Val. Argyrlepes Swainson, II, 247; haplotype Akgyrlepes indica Sw., based on Mitta I'arah of Russell, pi. 156. a species of Leiocnathus. A synonym of Leiocnathus Lac. Alepes Swainson, II, 248; haplotype Alepes melanoptera Sw., based on Wobi parah Russell, pi. 155, apparently the same as Caranx nigripinnis Day, a species of Hemicaranx ; apparently replaces Hemicaranx Blkr. Zonichthys Swainson, II, 248; type Scomber fasciatus Blocli. \ section or sub- genus under Seriola. Hamiltonia Swainson, II, 250; logotype II. ovata Sw. -- Chanda nama Ham. (fig. 37) as fixed by Swain (1882). Hamiltonia is given as a substitute for sw.MNsoN, 1839 201 CuANDA Ham., and the fixation of type for the substitute decides that of the original name. Chanda nama is the orthotype of Bocoda BIkr., a genus well dclined, A.mbassis wxwda being the type species. Swainson's second species, Chanda lala Ham., which ho spells lata, belongs to Blecker"s genus Pseudambassis. This was chosen as type of Chanda by Fowler, and still later C. ruconius by Jordan, but Swain's choice of type must hold. Hamiltonia and Bdcoda are therefore both synonyms of Chanda Ham. Platysomus Swainson, II, 250; logotype \''imer browni Cuv. & Val. A synonym of Vomer; name preoccupied. Ctenodon Swainson, II, 255; logotype Cte.vodon ruitelli Sw. = Ch.etodon sohal Forskal, not Ctenodon Bon. nor of Ehrcnbcrg. A synonym of Hepatus 'irunow. Teuthis L. and Acanthurus Forskal. Callicanthus Swainson, II, 256; haplotype Aspisuri's elegans Riippell = Harpurus LiTiTRATUS Forstcr. .A section or genus near Naso. Zebrasoma Swainson, II, 256; haplotype Acanthuri's velifer Bioch. Xiphichthys Swainson. II. 259; haplinypc Gymnetrvs Ri"SSEU,t Shaw. .\ synonym "1 Reg.vlecus Briinnich. (.-Mso, II, 46.) Xiphasia Swainson, II, 259; type "Ziphasia setifer" Sw. Replaces Memophis Kniip (1858) and XiPHOfiADUS Gthr. (1862). Nemothenis ( Rafinesquc) Swainson (II, 260); orthotype X. ervthropterus Raf. Quoted from Rafinesquc's Spccchio ddlc Science, I, 101, 1815. This is evi- dently a slip for Nemochirus Raf. Xemotherus (Risso) Costa is a syno- nym of Trachypterus. Xemochirus seems to be an ally of Sm.EPHORrs, as yit unrecognized. Omichthys Swainson, II, 262; logotype Tricla punct.^ta Bloch. .\ synonym of Prio.votus Lac Pteroleptus Swainson, II, 264; haplotype Pteroleptus longicai;da Sw., ( Kodipungi Russell). A synonym of Pterois Cuv. Macrochyrus Swainson, II, 264; haplotype Scorp.f.na miles Bennett. A synonym r.| PlFRfUS CllV. Brachyrus Swainson. II, 264; logotype Pterois zebr.\ Cuv. & Val. A synonym of Drndrociiirus Sw., not Brachvociiiri:s Xardo. Xanie spelled Brachirus when first used, page 71. Pteropterus Swainson. II, 264; haplotype Ptf.rois radiatus Cuv. & Val. Platypterus Swainson, II. 265; logotype T.enionotus latovittatus Lac. Name preoccupied; replaced by Tetraroce Gthr., 1860. Pterichthys Swainson. II, 265; logotype S(iirp,»;na carinata HI & Schn. .\ syn onym of Apistls Cuv., to be used if that name is reg.irdcd as preoccupie:tus -SLTTALLi Lc Sucur = Exix:cETUs FURCATUS Mitchill. Based on a young example, with barbel at the cliin. In view of Swainson"s general carelessness and of the irregularity of his proof-reading, the form Cypsilurus has been officially deemed a misprint by the International Communion of Nomenclature. Same as Ptenichthvs Miillcr, 1843. Ramphistoma (Rafmesque) Swainson, 296 orthotype R. vulgaris Sw.. same as Belone Cuv. Leptodes Swainson, II, 298; logotype Chauliodus sloani Bl. & Schn. A synonym of Chauliodus Bl. & Schn.. (1801). Tilesia Swainson. II, 300; orthotype (jadus gracilis Tilesius ; synonym of Eleginus Fischer. Cephus Swainson, II, 300; haplotypc Gadus macrocephalus Tilesius. A synonym of Gadus L. Lepidion Swainson. II, 30<); haplotypc Gadus lepidion Risso = Lepidion rubescens Sw., regarded as preoccupied by Lepidea (1817), a genii.s of worms; replaced by Haloporphvrus Gthr. (1862). Psetta (.Aristotle) Swainson, II 302; haplotypc Pleuronectes maximus L. Suf- ficiently distinct from Psettus Cuv. Platophrys Swaison, II, 302; haplotypc Pleuronectes ocellatus Spix & Ag. Replaces Rhomboidichthys Blkr. (1856). Brachirus Swainson, II, 303; logotype Pleuronectes orientalis Bl. & Schn. Preoccupied by Brachirus and Braciiyrus Sw. ; replaced by Eurvglossa Kaup (1858). Plagusia i Bruwnc) Swainson, 302; orthotype P. bilinkata Bloch; name pre occupied, same as Paraplacusia Blkr. Sturisoma Swainson, II, 304; haplotypc Loricaria rostrata Spix. Hoplisoma Swainson, II, 304; haplotypc Cataphractus punctatus Bloch = Cory- dor \s r.F.oFFRovi Lac. .\ synonym of Corvdoras Lac, 1803. Silonia Swainson, II. 305; logotype Pimf.lodus silon-dia llam. ^= Siix>nia litridn Sw RrpLices Sihsdia Cuv. & Val. (1830). FelichthyB Swainson, II, 305; logotype, as restricted by Swainson and Blceker. F filamentosus Sw. = Arius bahiensis Caslclnnu. Name a substitute for Breviceps Sw., preoccupied: a synonym of Bacre (Cuv.) Oken (1817), as restricted through taulonymy. 204 THE CENERA OF FISHES, PART II Cyclopium Swainson, 11, 305; haplotype Pimelodus cyclopum Humboldt = Cv- cxopiuM HUMBOLDTi Sw. Replaces Stygogenes Gthr. (1864). Clupisoma Swainson, II, 306; haplotype Silurus gaeua Ham., Clupisoma ar- GENTATA Sw. Replaces Schilbeichthys Blkr., 1858. Pachypterus Swainson, II, 306; logotype Silurus atherinoides Bloch. Preoccu- pied in Coleoptcra (1833) ; replaced by Pseudeutropius Blkr. (1863). Pusichthys Swainson, II, 307; haplotype Schilbe uranoscopus RiippcU. A syno- nym of Schilbe Cuv. (1817). Cotylephorus Swainson, II, 308; haplotype Platystacus cotylephorus Bloch = C. BLOCHi Sw. A synonym of Platystacus Bloch, and of Aspredo (Gronow) (Scopoli). Pteronotus Swainson, II, 309; haplotype Heterobranchus sextentaculatus Ag. Preoccupied in mollusks; gives way to Rhamdia Blkr. (1858). Diacantha Swainson, II, 310; logotype Diacantha zebra Sw. = Cobitis ceto Ham. (pi. 11). A synonym of Botia Gray, 1831. Canthophrys Swainson, II, 310; logotype Canthophrys albescens Sw., based on Cobitis No. 3, Hamilton. Said by Swain to be a species of Botia Gray (1831). Acoura Swainson, II, 310; logotype Cobitis savona Ham. (Acoura obscura Sw.). A synonym of Nemacheilus Van Hasselt ; spelled .Acourus on an earlier page. Somileptes Swainson II, 311; logotype S. bispinosa Sw. = Cobitis gongota Ham. A synonym of Cobitis L., 1758. Platysqualus Swainson, II, 311; logotype Squalus tiburo Sw. (not of L.), based on a figure by Russell, representing Sphyrna tudes Cuv. A syno- nym of Sphyrna Raf. Pterocephala Swainson, II, 321 ; haplotype Raja giorna Lac. A synonym of Moeula Raf. Tetrosomus Swainson, II, 323 ; haplotype Ostracion turritus Forskal. A section of Ostracion L. Rhinesotnus Swainson, II, 324; logotype Ostr.\cion triqueter Blocli. .•\ synonym of Lactophrys Sw. Lactophrys Swainson, II, 324; logotype Ostracion TRit;()NUM L. Platycanthus Swainson, II, 324; haplotype Ostracion auritus Shaw. A synonym of Akacana Gray. Rhinecanthus Swainson, II, 325; logotype Balistes ornatissimus Lesson = Bal- isTKs aculeatus L. a synonym of Balistapus Tilesius. Zenodon (Riippcll) Swainson, II, 194, 325; orthotype Balistes nicer Lac. This name Zenodon, being ascribed to Riippcll, is probably a careless misprint of Xenodon Riippell. Preoccupied in reptiles by Xenodon Boie, 1827. The name is spelled Zenodon on page 194 also. Zenodon is, however, accepted by Fowler (1904). If adopted, it replaces Odonus Gistel (1848), Erytiirodon Ruppell (1852) and Pyrodon Kaup (1855') — all substitutes offered for Xenodon. Chalisoma Swainson, 11, 325; logotype Balistes pulcherrimus Lesson = Balistes vRTii.A L. A synonym of Balistes L. Canthidermis Swainson, II, 325; logotype Balistes angulosus Q. & G. Melichthys Swainson, II. 325; logotype Ralistf.s ringens Osbcck (not of L.). Xamc changed to Melanichthys by Gthr. (1870). Capriscus (Willughby) Swainson, II, 326; logotype B.\listes erythropteron Lesson ; a synonym of Balist.vpus Tilesius. swAiNsoN. 1839 205 Leiurus Swainsoii, II, 326; logotype Leiukus macroputhalmus Sw., based on Lama yellakah Russell, pi. 22 = Balistes stellaris BI. & Schn. Name preoccupied by Leiurus Sw. (.p. 242) ; ftplaced by Abalistes Jordan & Scale (I91I). Chactodermis Sw;iiiiMiii. II, 327; logotype Monocanthus spinosissmus Q. & G. Psilocephalus Swainson, II, 327; haplotype Balistes baruatus Gray. Substitute for A.VACANTHUS Gray (1831), which is preoccupied by Ehrenberg, 1829. Cantherines Swainson, II, 327; haplotype Monacantiil's .n'asutus Q. & G. Replaces LiOMONACANTHUs Blkr. (1866). Cirrhisomus Swainson, II, 328; haplotype Tetraodon spe.vcleri Bloch. Same as ("iiKiLicHTiiYs Mullcr, a synonym of Spheboides Dum. Leisomus Swainson, II. 328; logotype L. .mar.moratus Sw. = Tetraodon cutcutia Ham., as restricted by Blekeer. 1865. The genus is called Leioikjn on page 194, without mention of type. Leisomus is preoccupied. Leiodon replaces MoNOTRETA Bibrou. Swain restricts Leisomus and therefore Leiodon, to the first species named. L. l.evissi.mus Sw., a species of Spheroides (Tetraodon spe.V(;lkri Bloch). Lagocephalus Swainson. II, 328; logotype Tetraodon stellatus Donovan. Re- places Gastrophvsus Midler. Trichoderma Swainson, II, 328; logotype Balistes scapus Lac. A synonym of .•\ M A NSEs Gray ( 1833 ) . Psilonotus Swainson. II. 328; logotype Tetraodon rostratus Bloch. Called Can- THir,A.yMi)nyni of Cichlai'rus or Cichlasoma Sw. Geophagus Meckel, II, 3&i\ logotype G. .mecasema Meckel. Chxtobranchus Meckel, II. 4()1 ; logotype C. flavkscens Meckel. Crenicichia Meckel. 11, 416; logotype C. vittata Meckel. Batrachops Meckel. M. 432; logotype B. reticvlatu.s Meckel. Monocirrhus Meckel II, 439; orthotype M. polyacanthus Meckel. 257. LOWK (1840). Certain Sew Species of Madeiran Fishes. Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 36-39. Richard Thomas Lowe. Cheilopogon Lowe, VII, 38; orthotype Cypselurus pulchellus Lowe. A manu- script name, withdrawn because of the earlier name Cypselurus Sw. Applied to young flying lish with barbels; equivalent also to Ptenichthvs Miiller. 258 MONSTER (1840). Leber einige Placoidcn im Kupferschiefer :u Riehscls- dorf; Beilriige cur Pelrefaclenkunde. Georh Munster. Dictea Miinster. Ill, 124; otrhotype D. striata Munster (fossil). A synonym of Jana^.sa Miinster. 259-261 MONSTKR (1840). (Braun, Petrefaklen von Bayreuth.) Georg monster. Saurorhynchus (.Miinster) Braun, 73 (not defined) ; orthotype Saurichthys tenui- RosTRis (.Miinster) (fossil). Name apparently eligible, as being applied to a species already described. 262. NORDMANX (1840). Obsen'alions sur la fauna ponlique: im DemidofT, voyage dans la Kussic meridionale el la Crimie. III. Alexander vo.n Nordmann. Percarina Nordmann, 357; orthotype P. demidoffi Nordmann. 263. OWEN (1840). Odontography; or a Treatise on the Comparative Anatomy of the Teeth. Richard Owen. Petalodus Owen, 61 ; orthotype P. hastincsi Owen (fossil). Rhizodus Owen, 75; orthotype Megalichtiivs iiiiii.frti Ag. (fossil). A synonym of Mkc.alichthvs Ag. 264 R.\NZ.'\NI (1840). De novis speciebus piscium: dissertationes quotunr. Novi Comment. Acad. Sci. Inst. Bonon., IV Camili.o Ranzam. Syacium Ranrnni, 20; orthotype S. micrvrum Ran^ani. Replaces IIemimhomiius Blkr. (1862). 208 'I'HK i;hneua df fishes, part ii Diapterus Ran^ani, IV, 340 ; orthotypc D. auratus Ranzani. Replaces Gerrks J. & E. ; not of Cuvier as properly restricted. 265. RICHARDSON (1840). On Some New Species of Fishes from Australia. Proc, Zool. Soc. London, VIII. John Richardson. Oplegnathus Richardson, 27 ; orthotype O. convaii Rich. Name later corrected by Richardson to Hoplegnathus conwayi ; altered by Giintherto Hoplognathus, in which form it is preoccupied. If necessary, may be replaced by Scarodon T. & S. 266. THOMPSON (1840). On a New Genus of Fishes from India (Bregmaceros macclellandi Cantor, MS.). \\m. Mag. Nat. Hist., IV. William Thompon. Bregmaceros (Cantor) Thompson, IV, 184; orthotype B. macclellandi (Cantor) Thompson. 1841 267. AGASSIZ ( 1841 ) . On the Fossil Fishes Found by Mr. Gardner in the Province of Ccard, in the North of Brazil. Edinb. New Philos. Journ., XXX. Louis Agassiz. Cladocyclus Agassiz, XXX, 83; orthotype C. gardneri Ag. (fossil). Rhacolepis Agassiz, XXX, 83; logotj'pe R. buccalis Ag. (fossil). (Misprinted Phacolepis.) Calamopleurus Agassiz, XXX, 84; orthotypc C, cvlindricus Ag. (fossil). This genus belongs to the Elopid-«, near to Elops, Rhacolepis and Notelops. See Jordan & Branner, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., 1793-1908 ("Cretaceous Fishes of Ceara, Brazil"). 268. BONAPARTE (1841). Iconografui dclla fauna italica. 3d part (fascicles 156-160 dating probably 1841). Carlo Luciano Bonaparte. Pristiurus Bonaparte (1841) ; orthotype Galeus melastomus Raf. (Written Pristiurus in Saggio, p. 121, 1831, and in Fauna Italica. Called Pkistiduru.s in Mem Soc. Sci. Neufchatel, II, p. 11, 18.39), Pri.stiurus is the form in general use, but Pristidurus may have priority of definition. Syrraxis (Jourdan) Bonaparte, fasc. 160; orthotypc Narcink (SyRRAXis)iNuicA Henle. Manuscript name based on specimens in the Museum of Lyons "ben ordinate di celebri Prof. Jourdan," identified by Bonaparte as Narcine indica Henle. A synonym of Narcine Henle. Agassiz quotes also .a genus "Poweria Bonaparte". This is certainly an error. Troschel writes, "Gon. powerle" for Ci(>N0STii.\i.\. This was doubt- less mistaken for "Gen." 269. EICIT\V.\LD (1841). Fauna Caspio-Caucasica non nnllis obsert'ationibus novis illuslrata. St. Petersburg. Carl Eduard von Eiciiwald. Sypterus Eichwald; oriliotype ( Perca lophar Forskal). A synonym of Pomato- MUS Lac. (not verified). 270. FLEMING (1841). Description of a Ncu> Species of Skate (Hieroftera abre- doncnsis) New to the British Fauna. Edinb. New Phil. Journ., XXXI, 1841. John Fleming (1785-1857). H ECKEL, 1841 20" Hieroptera l-'leining, XXXI, 236; orthotypc II. arreuonensis Fleming (a monslrous form of Raja clavata fide Gill). A synonym of Raja L. 271. MECKEL (1841). Uebcr einc ncue Gatlung (Aulopygc liugcli) von SUss- wasserfische in Europa; atis einen Schreiben an den Akademiker Dr. Brandt. Bull. Sci. Acad. St. Petcrsb., VIII. JoHANN Jakob IIeckel. Aulopyge (lirandt) Hockcl. I. 1021: ortlmlyii.- A iilt.eli Meckel (also in Ru.<:scg,- gcr's Reiscn, p. 1021). 272. HOGG (1841). (Protomclus and Amphibichthys.) .\ni. Mag. Xat. Mist, Vll. John Hogg. Protomclus Hogg, VII. 359; orthotype Lepidosiren annectens Owen. .\ syno- nym r.f Protopterl's Owen. Amphibichthys Hogg, 362; orthotypc Lepiikisiren parado.xa Fitzinger. .\ synonym of Lepidosiren Fitzinger. 273 LOWE (1841). Synopsis of the Pishes of Madeira, etc. Trans. Zool. Soc. London, II. Richard Thomas Lowe. Aplurus Lowe, II, 180; orthotype -X. simplex Lowe. .\ synonym of Rl'vettus Cocco. Prometheus Lowe, II. 181; orthotypc Gempvlus pro.metheus Cuv. & Val. Name preoccupied; replaced by Promethichthvs Gill (1893). 274. .MILLER (1841). The Old Red Sandstone; or New Walks in an Old Field. Edinburgh. Much Miliar (1802-1856J. Pterichthys (Agassiz) Miller, XXII; orthotype P. milleri .\g. (fossil). Name preoccupied— .Swainson (1K39) ; replaced by Pterichthyodes Blkr. (1839 and by MiLLEKicHTHYS S. .\. Miller, 1892. 275. MONSTER (1841). (Asterodon.l IJeitrdgc zur Petrcfaklenkundc, IV. GeORC MiJ.VSTER. Asterodon Munstcr, IV, 140; orthotype .\. nRo.vM Miinster (fossil). Probably identical with Colobodus Ar. and of earlier date. 276. NARDO (1841). Proposicinne per la fornuizioni di un nuovo generi di pesci, inlilnlato Urachyochirus. .Ann. Sci. Rcale Lomb.irdo-Veneto, Padova. Giovanni Domenico Nardo. Brachyochirus .\ardo I; orthotype Gobius aphya Risso - GoBius minutus L. /\ section of Gonius,' same as Pomatosciiistus Gill (1862). Perhaps to be regarded as preoccupied by Rrachvrus and Braciiirus of Swainson (1839) of similar etymology. 277 OWEN (1841). On the Structure of Fos.(il Teeth from the Central of Corn stone Division of the Old Red Sandstone, Indicative of a \'ew Genus of Fishes, or Fish-like liatrachia, etc Micr. Journ., 1. Richard Owen. Dendrodus < )wcn, I, 4; logotype I), bipokcatus Owen (fo.ssil). Sphyrznodus (Agassiz) Owen. 129; orthotypc S. PRisrus Ag. (fossil). Namcn only . valiHaleil by .Agas.sia'. in 1844 210 THE GENERA OF FISHES, PART II 278. SYKES (1840). The Fishes of Dukhun. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., TV. WiLLTAM Henry Sykes. Rohtee Sykes, H, 364; orthotype R. vigorsi Sykes. Replaces Osteobrama Heckel. 1842 279. AGASSIZ (1942). (Diplacanthus.) In Dwd's Geology of Moray. Louis Agassiz. Oiplacanthus (Agassiz) Duff, 71 ; orthotype D. crassissimus Duff = D. striatus Ag. (fossil) ; more fully defined in Poissons fossiles Vieux Grcs Rouge. Name misspelled Diplocanthus by Duff. 280. CUVIER & VALENCIENNES (1842). Histoire naturelle des poissons. XVI. AcHiLLE Valenciennes. Dangila Cuvier & Valenciennes, XVI, 229; logotype Dangila cuvieri Val. Nuria Cuvier & Valenciennes, XVI, 238; logotype Nuria thermoicos Cuv. & Val. A synonym of Esomus Sw. Rohita Cuvier & Valenciennes, XVI. 242; tautotype Cyprinus rohita Ham., Rohita ruchanani Val. Apparently identical with Labeo Cuv. Capoeta Cuvier & Valenciennes, XVI, 278 ; tautotype Capoeta fundulus Val. = Cyprinus capoeta Giildenstadt (logotype C. amphibia Cuv. & Val.) as restricted by Bleeker. 281. DEKAY (1842). Zoology of New York; or^ The New York Fauna. Com- prising Detailed Descriptions of All the Animals Hitherto Obsen'cd Within the State Borders, etc. Natural History of New York State Geological Survey, Albany. James Ellsworth Dekay (1792-1851). Lepisoma Dekay, 11; orthotype L. cirrhosum Dekay = Clinus pectinifer Cuv. & Val. Regarded as preoccupied in beetles by Lepisomus Kirby. A synonym of Labrosomus Sw. Pileoma Dekay, 16; haplotype Pileoma semifasciata Dekay = Etheostoma caprodes Raf. A synonym of Percina Haldeman, of earlier date in the same year. Boleosoma Dekay, 20; haplotype B. tessellatum Dekay = Etheostoma olmstedi Storer. Uranidea Dekay, 61 ; haplotype Uranidea quiescens Dekay. Apeltes Dekay, 68; orlliotype Gasterosteus quadracus Milcliill. Argyrea Dekay, 141; haplotype .^THERINA notata Mitchill. Name preoccupied; a synonym of Menidia Bon. Amblyopsis Dekay, 187; haplotype .'Xmblyopsis spel-T!Us Dekay. Stilbe Dekay, 204; haplotype Cyprinus crysolkucas Mitchill. A synonym of No- temigonus Raf. Baione Dekay, 244; haplotype B. fontinalis Dekay (the young of Sat.mo fontinalis Mitchill). A synonym of Salvelinus Rich., 1836. Acanthosoma Dekay, 350; orthotype A. carinatum Dekay. Same as Molacanthus Sw.. a larval form of Moi.a Cuv. Pasttnaca (Belon) Dekay, 373; orthotype Raja pa.stinaca L. Name used for the same genus by several authors. .\ synonym of Dasyatis Raf. 282. GRAY (1842). Description of Two Fresh-water Fish from New Zealand. (In Dieffenbach, Ernst: Travels in Nciv Zealand. II.) John Edward Gray. IIAI.DEMAN, 1842 211 Ptycholepis Gray. II. 218; orlliot.vp<- Mii-.n -.m.munhs I'orslir. A synonym of Chanos Lac. 283 IIALDEMAN (1842). Destription of Itcu .\ .«■ Sffcifs of the Genus Pi-rca. from the Siisguehannah River. Journ. Acad. Nat. Hist. S.\Mi*Ei. Stehm.^n Haldeman (1712-1890). Percina Haldeman, VIII, 330; logotype Pesca nebulosa Haldeman = Etheostoma I ATRODES Raf. Same as Pileoma Dckay and a little earlier in date. 284 HECKEL (1842). Uhthyologie (von Syrien). In Riissegger (Joseph von): Reisen in Rurofy Hancock and .Mthey, 1872. Regarded as preoccupied by Pleurodon (1840), replaced by Pleuroplax Woodw., 1889. Cladacanthus .Xgassiz, III, 176; orthotype C. paradoxus Ag. (fossil); name only, ilcliiicd first by Davis. Trans. Roy. Dublin Soc., I, 1883, 365. .\ synonym of I-^mSMACANTHUS. Cricacanthus Agassiz, HI, 176; orthotype C. jonisi Ag. Name only, hence having no place in the system. Gjrropristis Agassiz, III, 177; orthotype G. obliquus Ag. Name only, hence with- out place in the system. Cladodus .\i!assiz, III, 196; logotype C. mirabilis .\g. (fossil). Sphenonchus Agassiz, III, 201 ; logotype S. elongatus Ag. (fossil). A synonym, as restricted, of Acrodls Ag. Oiplodus .Xgassiz, HI, 204; logotype D. cibdosus Ag. (fossil). Regarded by Wood- ward as a synonym of Pleuracanthus Ag. Both names are preoccupied. DiPLODUS lias been replaced by DiDVMonus Cope (1883), which is also preoccupied (as Didymooon Blake, 1863, a mammal) and again replaced by DicRANoous Garman (1885). Orthacanthus Ag. may replace Pleuracan- thus, and some of the names given by Owen, as Uittodus, have priority over Dicranodus. It is not yet certain that the teeth called Diplodus and the spines called Orthacanthus belong to the ».ime fish. 214 THE GENERA OF FISHES, PART 11 Otodus Agassiz, III. 206; logotype O. obliquus Ag., not O. appendiculatus Ag. (fossil). Apparently not separable from the living genus, Lamna Cuv. (1817). Corax Agassiz, III, 244; logotype Galeus pristodontus Alorton (fossil) liemipristis .Agassiz. III. 237; orthotype H. serra Ag. (fossil). A genus repre- sented by a living homologiic, Dirrhizodon elongatus Klunzinger in the Red Sea. Meristodon Agassiz, III, 286; orthotype Oxvrhina parado.xa Ag. (fossil). Prob- ably a synonym of Hybodus. Sphenodus Agassiz, 111, 298; orthotype L.'Kmna longiden.s Ag. (fossil). Name regarded as preoccupied as Sphen'ODON Gray (1831) ; replaced by Orthacodtjs Woodw. (1889). Carcharopsis Agassiz, 111, 313; orthotype C. prototypus Ag. (fossil). Name only; same as Pristicladodus dentatus McCoy. A synonym of Dicrenodus Romanowsky( 1853), which name Woodward adopts, as being first defined and with a described type. Zygobatis Agassiz, III, 328; logotype Rhinoptera studeri Ag. (fossil). Appar- ently a synonym of Rhinoptera Kuhl. Ganodus Agassiz, III, 339; orthotype Chi.m.bra oweni Ag. (fossil). Psittacodon Agassiz. Ill, 340; logotype Ischyodus psittacinus Egert. (fossil). A synony of Ganodus. Actinobatis Agassiz, 111, 372; orthotype R.\ja ornata Ag. (fossil). Regarded as a synonym of Raja L. If so, the living species, Raj.-v ornata Garman, must receive a new name. Scylliodus Agassiz, III, 377; orthotype S. antiquus Ag. (fossil). .An ally of Thyellina and Scylliorhinus. Arthropterus Agassiz, III. 379; orthotype .\. rileyi Ag. (fossil). .\ bit of some unrecognized ray. Asterodermus Agassiz. Ill, 381; orthotype .\. flatvpterus (fossil). Name pre- occupied by Astrodermus Bonelli, 1829. Thyellina Agassiz, 111, 378; orthotype T. angusta Ag. (fossil). A fossil ally of Scylliorhinus Blainv. Narcopterus Agassiz, III, 382; orthotype N. bolcanus Ag. (fossil). Name only, hence not part of the system. An ally of Torpedo Dum. Cyclarthrus Agassiz, 111. 382; orthotype C. macroptenes Ag. (fossil). .A fin of some ray, imperfectly known. Euryarthra .\gassiz, III, 382; orthotype E. munsteri Ag. (fossil). An ally of Rhinobatus Linck and a synonym of ^llopos Miinster. 296. EGERTON (1843). On Some New Species of Fossil Chimccroid Fishes, ivith Remarks on Their Affinities Proc. Geol. Soc, IV. Philip ue Malpas Grey Egerton. Ischyodus Egerton, IV, 155; orthotype Chimera colei (Buckland) Ag. (fossil). Elasmodus Egerton, IV, 156; orthotype E. hunteri Egert. (fossil). 297. HALL (1843). Satural History of New York. (Palaeontology.) James Hall. Sauripteris Hall, IV, 282; orthotype S. taylori Hall (fossil). Usually written Sauripterus. 298. H ECKEL (1843). .■ibbilduiif;rii und Bcschreibungen der Fisclie Syriois, ncbsl einer neuen Classification und Charactcristik sdmmtlicher Gattnngcii der Cyprinen. Stuttgart. JoHAW Jakob Heckel. iiECKEi., 184.^ 215 Leucos (Bonaparte) Meckel, 48; logotype L. rubkllus Bon. Name regarded as preoccupied as Levcus Kaiip, a genus of birds; replaced by Cenisophius Bon. Phoxinellus Hcckcl. 50; ortliotype V. ai.kimdoti-s lleckel, as restricted by Rlecker. who later separated P. zkreci as Psel'dophoxinus, 1859. Same as Par.\- PHo.xiNLS Rlkr.. 1863. Mola Meckel, appendix. 257; orthotypc Cyprinus mola Hani. Preoccupied in tishes ; replaced by Amblypharyncodon Blkr. 299. HECKKL ( 184.5 ». hlitliyologi,- Con Syrit'ii). In Russi-ggcr (Joseph von): Reisen in Eurofa, Asien und Africa, mil besonderer RUcksiclil auf iiatiir- v/isscnschaftlichen I'erhdllnisse der belreffenden Lander, unternommcn in den Jahrcn WS bis 1841. Part 2, 1843. JoHANN Jakob Meckel. Cyrene Hcckel, 11. 284; logotype C. oceli-ata Meckel. A synonym of Dancilia Cnv. & Val. (1842). Schizopyge IKckil. 11,285; logotype Schizothorax curvikrons Meckel, as restricted by I'.lccker. 1863. Aspidoparia Meckel, IT, 288; ortliotype A. sahdina lleckel. 300. LOWE (1843). A'o/iVc of Fishes Newty Observed or Discovered in Madeira During the Years 1S40, 1841 and 1842. Proc. Zool. Soc. London. RiciiARn Thomas Lowe. Taractes Lowe, 82 ; orthotypc T. asi'ER Lowe. Antigonia Lowe, 85 : orthotypc A. capros Low c. Hesperanthias Lowt, 14; orthotypc Serranvs ocijlatl's Cuv. & V'.il. .\ synonym of Etelis Cuv. & Val. Cubiceps Lowe, 82; orthotypc Psenes gracilis Ij>wc. A synonym of Psenes Cnv. &• Val. E^hiostoma I^wc, 87; orthotypc E. BARBATf.M Lowe. Metopias Lowe, 90; orthotypc M TVPin.ops Lowe. Preoccupied; replaced by Melamphaes Glhr.. 1864. Gadella Lowe, 91 ; orthotypc G. gracilis Lowe = Gadus MARALni Risso. Replaces L'raleptus Costa (1858). Diaphasia Lowe, 92; orthotypc Gvm.sotus acus Briinnich. .-\ synonym of Carapus Raf. ; a substitute for the "barbarous" name. Fiebasfer. 301. LOWE (1843). A History of the Fishes of Madeira, etc. RiciiARd Tho.mas Lowe. Pleurothyris Lfiwc, 64; orthotypc Sternoptvx olfersi Cuv. Misprinted Pleu- kuTiivsis by Giinther. .'\ synonym of .Xrgyropelkci's Cocco. 302. MOLLER (1843). Peitrdge :ur Kcnntniss der naliirlichen Familien der Knoehenfische. Sitzh. .\kad. Wiss. Berlin. Johannes MOllek. Encheliophis .Miillcr. 15.t; orthotypc E. vermicl'laris Miillcr. 303 .MOLLER (1843). Beilrdge zur Kenntniss der naliirlichen Familien der Fischc. Wiegmann's Arch. N'aturgesch. Johannes Mulleb. Cotylis .Muller & Troschel, 297. haplotypc Lepapogaster NUDr> Bl. & Schn. = GoBiEsox GYBiNCs J. & E.. not Cyclopterus nudus L., which is not identified. Liter restricted by Giinther, 1861, Corviis pimbrata M, X- T.. a species 216 THE GENERA OF FISHES, PART 11 described later and not at first included by Miiller. (Hortr Ichthyologicr, III, 297. For Cotylis Giinther, not Muller, the name Cotylichthys Jordan. 1919, has been substituted. A synonym of Gobiesox Lac. Sicyases Miiller & Troschel, 298; orthotype S. sanguineus M. & T. Synancidium Muller, 302; orthotype Scorp.sna horeida L., "Synanceia mit Vomer- zahnen" . A synonym of Synanceja B1. & Schn., as restricted. Ptenichthys Miiller, 312; logotype (Exoccetus furcatus Mitchell; "Exoccetus mit Barbfaden"). A synonym of Cypselurus Sw., 1839. Hemiodus Miiller, 316; orthotype H. crenidens Miiller. Macrodon Miiller, 163; orthotype M. trahira Miiller = Synodus malabaricus B1. & Schn. Name preoccupied by Macrodon Schinz, 1822; replaced by Hoplias Gill. Euanemus Miiller, 318; orthotype E. columbetes Miiller = Hypophthalmus NUCHALis Spix. A synonym of Auchenipterus Cuv. & Val., as restricted by Bleeker and by Eigenmann. Calophysus Muller, 318; orthotype Pimelodus macropterus Lichtenstcin. Mormyrops Muller. 324; logotype Mormyrus anguilloides Geoffroy St. Hiraire. Gastrophysus Miiller, 330; orthotype Tetraodon lunaris L. Substitute for Phy- sogaster Miiller, preoccupied. A synonym of Lagocephalus Sw. Arapaima Muller, 326; orthotype Sudis gigas Cuv. A sybstitute for Sudis Cuv., preoccupied by Sudis Raf. (ISlO). Heterotis (Ehrenberg) Miiller, 326; orthotype Sudis nilqticus Cuv. A synonym of Clupisudis Sw. 304. MUNSTER (1843). Bcitrdgc zur Petrefaktenkundc. VI. Georg Munster. Wodnika Miinster, VI, 48; orthotype Acrodus althausi Miinster (fossil). Byzenos Miinster, VI, 50; orthotype B. latipinnatus Munster (fossil).- A syno- nym of Janassa. 305. PORTLOCK (1843). (Geological Survey of Londonderry.) Joseph Ellison Portlock. Tristychius Portlock, 464; orthotype T. minor Portlock (fossil). 306. RICHARDSON (1843). Description of the Lurking Macherie (Machcerium subducens) from the Northern Coast of New Holland. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. VII. John Richardson. Machaerium Richardson, XII, 175; orthotype M. subducens Rich. Name pre- occupied ; replaced by Congrogadus Gthr., 1862. 307,308. TEMMINCK & SCHLRGEL (1843). Fauna Japonica (part). Coenraad Jacob Temminck; Hermann Schlegel. Acropoma Temminck & Sehlogcl. 41; orthotype Acropoma (japonicum Gthr.). Aploactis Temminck & Schlegel, 51 ; orthotype A. aspera Rich. Glaucosoma Temminck & Schlegel, 1843, 62; orthotype G. burgeri Rich. Caprodon Temminck & Schlegel, 64; orthotype Caprodon = Anthias schlegeli Gthr. 1844 309. AGASSIZ (1844). Rccherches sur Ics poissons fossiles. I. II. HI, IV. V (parts completed). Louis Agassiz. AGASSiz. 1844 217 Placosteus Agassiz, I. XXIII; orthotype P. m.eandrinus Ag. (fossil); name only, replaced in 1845 by Psammostf.us Ag. Chelonichthys Agassiz, I. XXXIII; logotype C. asmussi Ag. (fossil); name only. .\ synonym of IcHTHVosAUROtDts Kutorga. Glyptosteus .\gassiz, 1, XXXIV; orthotype G. reticulatus Ag. (fossil); name only. A synonym of Bothriolepis. Psammolepis Agassiz, I, XXXIV; orthotype P. paradoxus Ag. (fossil); name only, replaced in I84S by Psammosteus Ag. Scaphodus Agassiz. I, XLIIl; orthotype Gyronchus oblongus Ag. (fossil). A synonym of Gvronxhl's. Pododus .•Vgassiz, II. 83; orthotype P. capillatus Ag. (fossil); name only. Idcn- titicd by Woodward, 1901, as a synonym of Mesolepis Young. Megalichthys .Agassiz. II, 89, 154; orthotype M. hibbekti Ag. (fossil). Not Mega- I.1CI1THYS Ag. 1836. Should apparently stand as Centrouus McCoy. Conodus .Agassiz. II, 105; orthotype C. ferox Ag. (fossil); name only; preoccu- pied as CoNODON Cuv. & Val., 1830. A synonym of Caturus Ag. Thrissonotus Agassiz, II, 128; orthotype T. colki Ag. (fossil); name only. Same as OxvGNATHUs Elgert. : defined by Egerton, 1858. Microspondylos .\gassiz, II, 139; orthotype M. escheri .Ag. (no definition: shales of Glariis ). Cricodus .Agassiz, II, 156; orthotype Uendrodus incurvus Duflf. (fossil). Amblysemus .Agassiz, II, 165; orthotype A. gracilis Ag. (fossil). Macropoma Agassiz, II, 174; orthotype M. egertoni Ag. (fossil) ; name only. De- fined by Egerton, Mem. Geol. Sun'., IX, No. 10, 1858, from which the name should date. A synonym of Eirvcormus Wagner, 1863, and of earlier date. Uronemus .Agassiz, II, 178; orthotype L'. lobatus Ag. (fossil). Hoplopygus .Agassiz, II, 178; orthotype H. binneyi Ag. (fossil). A synonym of ClF.LACANTHUS. Gyrosteus Agassiz, II, 179; orthotype G. mirabilis .Ag. (fossil); name only; val- iS. S< i.erognatiius cvprinella Cuv. & Val. : the original diagnosis drawn up from Catostomus cyprinus Lc Sueur, a species of Carpiodes Raf. .A synonym of Imonus Raf., as here accepted. This view is not taken by Fowler, who regards Carpiopfs cyprinus as type of Sclerognathus and gives to I. CYPRINELLA th'- '"■" ii:)in, ,.l \tr<;«-.T.,\l vT.mr^ 220 THE GEN'EKA OF FISHES, PART II 312. EGERTON (1845). Dcscriftion of a Fossil Ray from Mount Lebanon (Cyclobatis otigodactylus). Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc, I. Philip de Malpas Grey Egerton. Cyclobatis Egerton. IV. 442; orthotype C. oligodactylus Egert. (fossil). 313. EICHWALD (1844). Ueber die Fische des devonischen Systems in der Gegend von Paivlowsk. Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscow, XVII. Carl Edward von Eichwald. Sclerolepis Eichwald, XVII, 828; orthotype S. decorata Eichw. (fossil), A syn- onym of Glyptolepis. Microlepis luchwald VXII, 830; logotype M. exilis Eichw. (fossil). A doubtful genus, the name preoccupied in reptiles. * Chiastolepis Eichwald, XVIII, 831; orthotype C. clathrata Eichw. (fossil). [GOLDFUSS (1844). Sclerocephalus haeuseri Goldfuss, 1844, described as a ganoid tish, is a reptile.] 314. KONIMCK (1844). Dcscriftion dcs animaux fossiles qui se trouvent dans Ic terrain carbonifere de Belgique. L.\URENT (GuILLAUME) DE KoNINCK (1809-1887). Campodus Koninck, 617; orthotype C. agassizianus Koninck (fossil). 315. McCLELL.AND (1844). Description of a Collection of Fishes Made at CImsun and Mingfo in China by G. R. Play fair. Journ. Nat. Hist. Calcutta, IV. John McClelland. Cossyphus McClelland. IV, 403; orthotype C. ater McCl. Preoccupied; replaced by Phagorus McCl. Phagorus McClelland, IV, 403; orthotype Cossyphus ater McCl. = M.\croptero- NOTUs jAGUR Ham. Replaces Cossyphus McCl., preoccupied. Chaetomus McClelland, IV, 405; ortliotype C. playfairi McCl. Muraenesox McClelland, V, 408; logotype M. tricuspidata McCl. 316. McCLELL.AND (1844). Apodal Fishes of Bengal. Journ. Nat. Hist. Calcutta, V. John McClelland. Lycodontis McClelland. V, 173; logotype L. litf.r.\ta McCl., as restricted by Jordan & Evermann, 1896. .\ synonym of Gymnothorax Bloch, as here understood. Thaerodontis McClelland. V, 174; ortliotype '1'. reticulata McCl. A .synonym of Gymnothorax. Strophidon McClelland, V, 187; ortliotype Lycodontis longicaudata McCl. A synonym of Gymnothorax, the name wrongly transferred by Bleeker and (liintlier to the genus Pseudochidna Blkr. Ophicardia McClelland, V, 191; orthotype O. piiavki.^na McCl. A synonym of l'"i,uT.\ I'l. & Schn. = Monoiterus Lac. Pneumabranchus McClelland, V. 192; logotype P. striatus McCl. .\ synonym of .Xmphipnous Miiller. Ophisternon McClelland, V, 197; logotype O. bengalensis McCl. A synonym o Symbranchus Bloch. Ptyobranchus McClelland, V, 2(X); logotype P. arundinaceus McCl. A synonym (if Raitoiioura Gray = Moringua Gray. Ophithorax McClelland, V, 212; logotype "Opiiisukus ophis Lac." (Mur,i;na .MAiULOSA Cuv.). The species called Mur/12na ophis by Linnaeus is the type of MKVER i IM.IENINGER, 1844 221 the genus Opbichthus of Ahl. Mur-bna ophis Bloch is probably the same and M. ophis Lac. seems to be drawn from the same material. The figure of Lacepi-dc is the sole basis of Cuvier's Ml'R-ena maculosa. All these accounts seem to refer to the fish called Ophichthus havannensis (BI. & Schn.). The maculosus of Kaiip and Giintlicr is a different fish, a species of Mvrichthys. McClelland places "Ophisurus ophis Lac." first among his species of Ophithorax. We therefore take it as his type, although his description is rather dubious. "Dorsal fin broad, anal narrow; body and dorsal covered with large round spots. Pectoral fin very minute. Seas of Europe." The genus is defined: "Pectoral fins very small so as to be scarcely perceptible." It is possible that this description applies to the species called Ophichthvs .maculosus by Giinther (not by Cuvier). This is a species of Mvrichthys, thus far without tenable name. Using Gunther's description of Ophichthvs .maculosus as the type, the species may be named Myrich- THVS guntheri Jordan. It seems best to regard Ophithorax as a synonym of Ophichthvs Ahl, rather than to substitute it on doubtful grounds for Myrichtiivs or for Chlkaastes (colubrinus). 317. MEYER & PLIEXINGER (1844). Paldontologie von irHrllembcrg. Christian Erich von Meyer (1801-1894); Wilhelm Heinrich Theodor voN Plieninger (1795-1879). Thectodus Meyer & Plieninger, 116; logotype T. inflatus Mullcr & Plieninger (fossil). A synonym of AcRODUS. 318. MOLLER & TROSCHEL (1844). Syiwiysis nem-rum ,1 s/'ccicn,,,, familitt Characiiiaruiii. Wiegmnnn's Archh'. Xalurg. (.Mso in Horcc Ichlhyologicce, III. 1845.) JoHAN.VEs MOller; Fra.nz Hermann Troschel (1810-1882). Chilodus .\Iuller & Troschel, 85; liaplotype Chilodus punctatus M. & T. Pre- occupied; replaced by MicRODUS Kner, 1859; also preoccupied, and by C«No- tropus Gthr., 1864. Alestes Mullcr & Troschel, 88; orthotype Sal.mo niloticus Geoffrey St. Hilaire. Brycon .Miiller & Troschel, 90; logotype Characinus microlepiootus Cuv. Exodon Mullcr & Troschel, 91 ; haplotypc ICxoiioN paraikixvs M. S: T. Said to be prcf'ccupicd ; replaced by IlvsTRiconoN Gthr. 1864 Epicyrtus .Muller & Troschel, 92; haplotypc Salmo gibbosus Gronow. Preoccupied; replaced by Anacyrtus Gthr., 1864. A synonym of Charax (Gronow) Scopoli. Xiphorhamphus Miiller & Troschel, 92; orthotype Salmo falcatus RIoch. Sub stitute for Xiphorhynchus Ag., preoccupied. This name is also preoccupied and changed to .ArE.sTRORiivNCHus Eigcnmann (1903). "N'omen Xiphorhyn- chus usurpatum in Ornithologi.T" (M. & T). Hydrolycus Mullcr & Troschel, 93; orthotype IIvdrdcyon sru.MiiERoiDKs Cuv. Pygocentrus Mullcr & Troschel, 94; logotype Serrasalmo pirava Cuv. Pygopristis .Muller & Troschell, 95 logotype Serrasalmo oenticulatus Cuv. Catoprion Muller & Troschel, 96; haplotypc Serrasalmo mento Cuv. Myleus Muller & Troschel, 98; orthotype Myleus setiger Miiller, 319. NARDO ( 1844) . Profosizione per la formasione di un nuovo gcncrr di Sflachi chiamalo Caninna o Caninolus, chc eostilurebbf una nuova sntlnfamiglia prossima at Notidani, .Ann. SrK. Lombardo-Veneto, III. Giovanni Domenico Narpo. Caninoa Nardo, 8; orthotype Soualus iiariiaris (Chierigini MSS.) = C. chierk CHiNi Nardo. An anomalous shark, not since recognized, if existing. 222 THE GENERA OF FISHES, PART 11 Caninotus Nardo. 8; orthotype Caninoa chiereghini Nardo. (Squalus bar- BARUS Chierigini MSS.) Name a provisional substitute for Caninoa. 320. PETERS (1844). Ueber einem den Lepidosirens annectens verwandfen, mit Lungcn nnd Kiemen sugleich versehencn Fisch aus den Sumpfen von Onclliiiianc (Rhinocryptis amphibia). Men. Akad. Berlin. WiLHELM Carl IIartwig Peter.s (1815-1883). Rhinocryptis Peters, 414; orthotype R. amphibi.\ Peters ^ Lepidosiren annectens Owen. A sj'nonym of Protopterus Owen. 320A. REUSS (1844). Gcognostische Skissen aus Bohmen. August Emanuel von Reuss (1811-1873). Thaumaturus Reuss, II, 264; orthotype T. furcatus Reuss (fossil). .A,n extinct form of trout. 321. RICHARDSON (1844). Description of a Genus of Cliiitcsc Fish (Hapa- logenys). Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., XIII. John Richardson. Hapalogenys Richardson, XIII, 463; logotype H. nitens Rich. = Pogonias nigbi- pinnis T. & S. 322. RICHARDSON (1844). Description of a New Genus of Gobioid Fish (Channichthys). Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. XIII. John Richardson. Channichthys Richardson ; orthotype C. rhinoceratus Rich. Name afterward spelled Ch.^nichthys, as dictated by a purist, an unwarranted change. 323. RICHARDSON (1844). Generic Characters of an Ihidescribed Australian Fish (Patcrcns fronto). Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., XIV. John Rich.\rdson. Patascus Richardson, XIV, 280; orthotype P. friinto Rich. 324. RICHARDSON (1844). Ichthyology. (In The Zoology of the Voyage of H.M.S. "Sulphur'', Under the Command of Captain Sir Edward Belcher, During the Years 1836-42. Edited by R. 15. Hinds). John Richardson. Chaeturichthys Richardson, 54; orthotype C. stigmatias Rich. Centridermichthys Richardson. 74 ; orthotype C. ansatus Rich. - Trachidermus f.\s(iaius lleckel. Replaces Trachidermus Heckcl, regarded as preoccupied by Trachvderma. Calloptilum Richardson, 94; orthotype C. mirum Rich. .\ synonym of Bregma- ceros Cantor. Astronesthes Richardson, 97 ; orthotype A. nigra Richardson. 325. RICHARDSON (1844). The Zoology of the Vovagc of H.M.S. ''Erebus and Terror'', Under the Command of Captain Sir J. C. Ross . . . During 1839-43. Edited by J. Richardson . . . and J. E. Gray. London. John Richardson. Notothenia Richardson, 5; logotype N. coriiceps Rich. Harpagifer Richardson, 11; orthotype Calliony.mus insriNis Forster. Chaenichthys Ricliardson, 12; orthotype C. rhinocer.^tus Rich.; a substitute for Channichthys. Pagetodes Richardson, IS; orthotype (not given a specific name, a cat havini; run away with the type specimen). TKMMI.SLK * SCIII.EGKL. 1844 223 Emmelichthys Richardson, 47; orthotype E. nitidus Rich. Cheilobranchus Richardson, 50; logotype C dorsalis Rich. A synonym of .'Xlabes Ciiv. Prymnothonus Richardson, 51 ; orthotype P. hookeri Rich. A larval form. Xystophorus Ricliardson, 52; very young of Naucrates. Aleuterius (Cuvitr) Richardson, 66; after Alutera (Cuv.) Oken. One of many variird spellings of .\i.L'tera, derived from "les Aluteres", as Alutarius, Aluterus, etc. Alutera has priority. Oxybeles Richardson, 74; orthotype O. homei Rich. A synonym of Carapus ( l-'lMASFER). Molarii (Molarius) Richardson, 79; logotype "Mur.ena ophis" = Echidna nebl- u>sA (plural form only). A synonym of Echidna Forster. Channo-Murasna Richardson, 96 orthotype Ichthvophis vittatus Rich. Congrus Richardson. 107 ; orhtotype Mur-ena conger L. A variant spelling of Conuek. Psammoperca Richardson, 115; orthotype Ps. datnioiues Rich. = Labkax wAiciENsis Cuv. & Val. ; replaces Cnidon M. & T. (1849. Gadopsis Richardson, 122 : orthotype G. marmoratus Rich. 326. TEMMINXK & SCllLF.GEL (1844). Fauiia Jafonica (part). Coenraad Jacob Temminck; Hermann Schlecei. Chxtopterus Temminck & Schlegel, 78; orthotype C. sieboldi Blkr. Name pre- occupied ; replaced hy Pristipomoides Blkr. Melanichthys Temminck & Schlegel, 75; orthotype Crenidens melanichthvs Rich. A synonym of Girella Gray. Ditrema Temminck & Schlegel, 77; orthotype U. temmincki Blkr. Hypsinotus Temminck & Schlegel. 84 ; orthotype H. rubescens Gthr. A synonym of Antigonia Lowe. Scarodon Temminck & Schlegel, 89; logotype S. fasciatl'S T. & S. A synonym of Opixcnathus Rich., 1840; available if the latter is regarded as pre- occupied. 327. VALENXIEXNES (1844). Icltthyologie des ties Canaries, ou Histoire nalurclle des poissons, rapporlis par MM. Webb & Bcrthctot. In Webb, Histoire naturelle des lies Canaries. II, 1835-1850. .AcHiLLE Valenciennes. Nemobrama Valenciennes, 40; orthotype N. webbi Val. = Polymixia nobilis Ly Woodward, 1901. Sciaenurus Agassiz. 295; orthotype S hhwerbanki .Vk. (fossil) \ synonym of Spahnodus. 224 THE GENERA OF FISHES. PART II Pomaphractus Agassiz, 307; orthotype P. egertoni Ag. (fossil); name only; identification by Woodward, 1901. A synonym of Brvch.etus (Ag.) Woodw. Coelopoma Agassiz, 307; orthotpe C. colei Ag. (fossil); name only; preoccupied (Adams. 1867) and replaced by Eoccelopoma Woodw., 1901. Eurygnathus Agassiz, 307; orthotype E. cavifrons Ag. (fossil). Name only; validated by Woodward, 1901 ; preoccupied and replaced by Esocelops Woodw. Percostoma Agassiz, 307 ; orthotype P. angusta Ag. Name only ; noted by Wood- ward. Cat., S19, 1901. Cceloperca Agassiz, 307; orthotype Cceloperca latifrons .\g. (fossil). Name only; noted by Woodward, Cat., IV, 519. Bothrosteus Agassiz, 307; orthotype B. minor Ag. (fossil). Name only, noted by Woodward, Cat., IV, 611, 1901. Calopomus Agassiz, 307; orthotype C. porosus Ag. (fossil), name only. Brachygnathus Agassiz, 307; orthotype B. tenuiceps Ag. (fossil). Name only, noted by Woodward Cat., 1901, 519 ;name preoccupied. Podocephalus Agassiz, 307 orthotype P. nitidus .A.g. (fossil). Name only; noted by Woodward, Cat., 519, 1901. Brychaetus Agassiz, 308; orthotype B. mulleri Ag. (undefined) (fossil) ; first defined by Woodward, 1901. Merlinus Agassiz, 308; orthotype M. cristatus Ag, (fossil), noted by Woodward, 1901. Scombrinus Agassiz. 308; orthotype S. nuchalis Ag. (fossil); name only; vali- dated by Woodward, 1901. Phalacrus Agassiz, 308; orthotpe P. cybioides Ag. (fossil); name only; referred by Woodward to synonymy of Eothynnus Woodw. Rhonchus Agassiz, 308; orthotype R. carangoides Ag. (fossil). Name only; explained by Woodward, Cat., IV, 458. A synonym of Eothynnus Woodw. Naupygus Agassiz, 308; orthotype N. bucklandi Ag. (fossiH. Name only; noted by Woodward, Cat., 611 (1901). Acestrus Agassiz, 308; orthotype A. ornatus Ag. (fossil). Name only; validated by Woodward, 1901, perhaps to be regarded as preoccupied by Acestra Jardine, 1831. Laparus Agassiz. 308; orthotype L. alticeps .Ag. (fossil: name only; discussed by Woodward, 1901). Labrophagus Agassiz, 308; orthotype L. esocinus Ag. (fossil). Name only; noticed by Woodward, Cat.. IV, 611, 1901. Loxostomus Agassiz, 308; orthotype L. manchs Ag. (fossil). Name only; noted by Woodward, Cat.. IV, 612, 1901. Pachycephlus Agassiz, 308; orthotype P. cristatus .'\g. (fossil). Name only; noted by Woodward, Cat., IV, 612, 1901. Most of the foregoing names from Agassiz's list of the Egerton collec- tion have been identified from labeled specimens and several have justly come into use as dating, not from 1845, but from their first definition. Wood- ward gives the following additional generic names, of which nothing is known, and which, until defined, have no place in the system. Echenus (politus). Gadopsis (breviceps). Phasganus (declivis). Rhipidolepis (elegans). Synophrys (hopei). AGASsiz. 1843 225 329 AGASSIZ (1845^ Mo»ografhic di-s foissons fossiUs du \'icux Grix Rouge, ou SystC-ma Dhonicn (Old Red Sandstone) des ilcs Britanniques ft de Russie. Part 2 Louis AcASSiz. Diplacanthus Agassiz, 34. 4(): ortliotype D. striatus Ag. Lamnodus Agassiz, 83; orthotypc Uendrohus uiporcatls Owen (fossil). .\ syno iiyiii of Ofnurodus. Psammosteus .Vgassiz, 103; logotype P. m.eandrinus .Ag. (fossil). Homacanthus, 113; ortliotype H. arcuatus Ag. (fossil). Haplacanthus .\gassiz, 114; ortliotype H. marcinalis Ag. (fossil). Odontacanthus .Agassiz. 114; logotype O. crenatus Ag. (fossil). .A synonym of .ASTROLEPIS. Narcodes .Agassiz. 115; orthotypc N. pustulifer Ag. (fossil). .A supposed synonym of .ASTROLEPIS. Byssacanthus .Agassiz. 116; orthotypc B. crenulatus Ag. (fossil). Naulas .Agassiz, 116; orthotypc N. sulcatus Ag. (fossil). Climatius .Agassiz. 119; orthotypc C. reticulatus (Ag. fossil). Cosmacanthus .Agassiz. 120; orthotypc C. malcolmsoni Ag. (fossil). Parexus \n,TSsiz, 120; orthotypc P. incurvus Ag. (fossil). Homothorax .Agassiz. 134; orthotypc H. fleminci Ag. (fossil). .A synonym of BuTHRlOLF.PlS. Chelyophorus .Agassiz. 135; orthotypc C. vtjjneuili Ag. (fossil). Actinolepis .Agassiz, 141; orthotypc A. tuberculatus .\g. (fossil). A supposed synonym of AsTROlEPis. Stagonolepis Agassiz (not quoted hy Woodward; referred to the Dipterini). 330. I'.LKICKER (1845). liijdrancn tot gcuicskundc tot>njiniphic van Balavia. iicncrisch oz'crsicht dcr fauna. II, 1845. Arch. Ncderl. Indie. PiETER Bleeker (1819-1878). Pinjalo nUiker, II. 251 (1845) : orthotypc C.esio pinj.\lo Blkr. = P. typus Rlkr. Heterodon Rlecker, 323; orthotypc H. zonatus Blkr. Name preoccupied in ser- pents; replaced by IIeterog.S'athodon Blkr., 1848. Mesopristes Bleeker, 523; orthotypc M. .macrac.xnthus Blkr.; a synonym of Datnia Cuv. & Val. 331. BONAPARTE (1845). Catalogo mclodico dei pesci liuropei. Atti Sci. Ital. (Reprint as a separate volume, Naples, 1846.) Carlo L. Principe Bonaparte. Some of the names here used may have occurred in other papers of 1844 and 1845. Glaucostegus Bonaparte, 14; orthotypc G. cemiculus Bon. ("Riiina riii,nuiiatus Shaw -= Rii. cemicvli's Geoff roy." ) .A synonym of Rhinobatus. Acanthias Bonaparte, IS; orthotypc Squalus acanthias L. A. VULG.^RIS Hon. s.inic as .Acanthias Risso. A synonym of Squalus L., as restricted. Lepidorhinus Bonaparte, 16; orthotpc Squalus squamosus Rroussonnet. Scymnorhinus Bonaparte. 16; orthotypc S. liciiia. Replaces Scvmnus Cuv., pre- olCM|>illl Spinax Bonaparte, 16; tautotypc Squalus spinax L. Same as Spinax Cuv, .A synonym of KTMorTERUS Raf. Sterledus Bonaparte. 21 ; orthotypc .Aciprnsf.r ri'thenus Bon. Same as Sterlvh-a Guldcnstadt. 226 THE r.ENERA OF I'lSilES. PAHT II Cenisophius Bonaparte, 29; orlhotype Leucisius pauperum Bon. Replaces Leucos Meckel, preoccupied in birds, as Leucus. Gardonus Bonaparte, 29; orthotype Leuciscus decipiens Ag. A synoi.ym of Cenisophius. Pigus Bonaparte, 29; tautotype Cyprinus picus Cloquet. Apparently a synonym of Cenisophius. Cephalus Bonaparte, 30; orthotype Cyprinus cephalus L. Name preoccupied; a synonym of Leuciscus Cuv. Microlepis Bonaparte, 30; no diagnosis; orthotype M. turskyi Bon. A synonym of Leuciscus Cuv. Hegerius Bonaparte, 31 ; orthotype Scardinius hegeri Bon., Hegerius typus Bon. An ally of Telestes; the name later spelled Heegerius, Scardinius Bonaparte, 31 ; logotype Leuciscus scardafa Bon. PoUachius ( Nilsson) Bonaparte 45; orthotype Gadus pollachus L. = Gadus virens L. Coccolus Bonaparte, 47; orthotype C. annectens Bon., a substitute for Krohnius Cocca (K. flamentosus, which is the larva of the Macrurid, Ccelorhynchus, Giorna). Cynoglossa Bonaparte, 48; orthotype PLEtmoNECTES cynoglossus L. A syno- nym of Cynicoglossus Bon., not Cynglossus Ham. Plagusia Bonaparte, 51; orthotype Plagusia lactea Bon. A substitute for Plagusia Cuv., preoccupied. A synonym of Symphurus Raf. Scorpichthes Bonaparte, 62; logotype Cottus scorpius L.. in plur.il form only. .\ synonym of Myoxocephalus Stellar. Gastronemus (Cocco) Bonaparte, 68; orthotype Pharopteryx benoiti Ruppell. Name preoccupied. A synonym of Mora Risso. Tinimogaster (Cocco) Bonaparte, 68; no definition; quoted by Bonaparte in con- nection with Gastronemus Cocco. A synonym of Mora Risso, apparently a substitute for Gastronemus, preoccupied. Selenia Bonaparte, 75; orthotype Caranx luna Geoffroy St. Hilairc = Scomber GUARA Bonnalcrre. Apparently replaces Uraspis Blkr. 332. BRODIE (1845). (Fossil Insects.) Peter Bellinger Brodie. Oxygonius (Agassiz) Brodie, 16; orlhotype O. tenuis Ag. (fossil). Young fishes, indeterminable. Ceramurus (Egcrton) Brodie, 17; orthotype C. MArRcx;F.PHALUs Fgert. (fossil). 333. COST.A (1845). (Fossil Fishes.) t\\U .\cad. Pontan. Napoli. Oronzio Gabriele Costa. Megastoma Costa, V, 287; orthotype M. apenninum Costa (fossil). .\ .synonym of Leitolkpis. 334. KROYER (1845). Icdus Hamalus. Naturhist. Tidsskr., T. llENRiK NicoL.\j Krover (1799-1870). Icelus Kroyer, I, 253; orthotype I. hamatus Kroycr. Phobetor Kroycr, 1, 263; orthotype Cottus tricuspis Reinh. A synonym of Gym- NOCANTHUS Sw. 335. KROYER (1845). Carelophus stromii. Naturhist. Tidsskr., I. Henri K Nicola j Kroyer. Carelophus Kriiyer. 1 ; orthotype C. strcemi Kroyer. .\ synonym of Chirolophis Sw. KROVEK, 1845 127 336. KROYE,R (1845). Caracanlhus lypicus. Natiirhist. Tidsskr.. I. Henrik Nicoi..\j Kkoyrr. Caracanthus Kroyer, I, 267; orttiotypi- C. typici's Kniyor ^ Micropus m.aculatus Gray, Replaces Micbopits Gray, preoccupied. 337 KROYF.R (1845). C'.Tii/i.f Iwllbolli. Natiirhisl. Tidsskr.. 1. Hemrik Nicolaj Kroyer. Ceratias Kniyer, I, 639; orthotype C. hollbolli Kroyer. 338 McClelland (1845). Description of Four Species of Fishes from the Rii'crs 111 the Foot of the lioulaii Atouiilains. Journ. N'.it Hi',1 Calcutta, V. 1840. 272. 282. John McClelland. Ctenops .McClelland. V. 281 ; orthotype C. nouilis McCl. A synonym of Ospuro- .MENUS Lac. 339 .MOLLER & TROSCHEL U845). Horw Ichthyologiccr. fieschreibung und Abbildung neuer Fische ; die Familie Characinen. 1. Berlin. Johannes Mullek: Franz Hermann Troschel. Distichodus Muller & Troschel, 1, 12; orthotype Sal.mo niloticus Hassclquist = Ch.xracinus nefasch Lac. Agoniates Miiller & Troschel. I, 19; haplotype Aconi.mes halecinls M & T Cnidon Muller & Troschel, I, 21 ; orthotype Cnidon chinensis M. & T. 340 OWEN' (1845). Odontography. Richard Owen. Pisodus (Agassiz; Owen, 138; orthotype P. oweni .Xk. (fossil). .\ii ;dly of .Al- Bi'LA Gronow. 341 RICHARDSON' (1845). Generic Characters of Gasteroschisma melampus, a Fish -which Itiluibits Port Xicholson, A'ew Zealand. .\nn. Mag. Nat. Hist,, XV. John Richardson. Gasteroschisma Richardson. 346; orthotype G. .mel.vmpus Rich. 342. RICHARDSON (1845). Report on the Ichthyology of the .?>-cl and of prior date. 359 .NORWOOD & OWEN (1846). Description of a Xejv Fossil Fish from the Palaosoic Rocks of Indiana. .Anicr. Journ. Sci., I. Joseph Granville Norwo- close to Clupeonia, if not identical with it. Meletta Cuvicr & Valenciennes, XX, 366; type Meletta vuix;aris Val. (young of Spratella spratti's). A synonym of Spratella Cuv. & Val. Alausa Cuvier & Valenciennes, XX, 389; type Alausa vulgaris ~- Clupea alosa L. .\ variant spelling of Alosa Cuv. Dussumieria Cuvier & Valenciennes, XX, 467; haplotype Dussumieria actjta Val. 369 EGERTON (1847). On the Xomcnclalure of the Fossil Chima-roid Fishes. Quart. Journ. Gcol. Soc, III. Philip de Malpas Grev Ecerton. Dictyopyge Egerton. 111. 276; orthotype Catopterus .WACRtnius Egerf. (fossil). Ischypterus Egerton. 111. 277; orthotype F. latus Egcrt. (fossil). \ synonym oi Semionotus. 370. GIEBEL (1847). t'ier ncuc Fischt- aus dcm dunkcin Kreidc-Schicfcr t'on Glarus. N'eues Jahrb. Mineral. CiiRisTopii Gottfried Andreas Giebel (1820-1881*. Palymphyes Giebel, 666; logotype P. crassus Giebel. Pachygaster Giebel, 667; orthotype P. spinosus Giebel (fossil). 371 GIEBEL (1847). Fauna der Vorwelt . . . monographisch dargestelll Christoph Gottfried Andreas Giebel. Centrodus Citebcl, 344; orthotype C. acitus Giebel (fossil). Chilodus (iicbel, I, 3S2; orthotype (not named in VVoodwardl. A tooth of dubious luiture. Oxytes Giebel, 364; orthotype O. obliuua Giebel (fossil). .\ fossil hoinologuc of Carcharias Raf., Odontaspis ,\r. 232 THE GENERA OK FISHES, PART II 372. GUICHENOT (1847). Notice sur un nouveau genre de Percoidcs (Pomanotis). Rev. Zool., X. Alphonse Guichenot. Pomanotis Guichenot, 390; orthotype P. rueescens Guich. A genus not since recognized. The type P. rudescens was brought by Dussumier from .Mipey,* a locality I do not find on the maps, but evidently in India or eastward. The genus is not related to Eucentrarchid.e, as its author suggests, but belongs probably to the Nandid^ (D. XIV, 14. A III, 9) near Pristolepis (Catopra). » 373. KNER (1847). Ueber die beiden Arten Ccphalasfis lloydii und C, lewisii Agassis, und einige diesen ctinachst stehenden Schalcnreste. Naturwiss. Abh., I. Rudolf Kner. Pteraspis Kner, I, 165; orthotype Cephalaspis lewisi Ag. (fossil). 374. MEYER (1847). Palccontographica. Hermann von Meyer. Tylodus Meyer, I, 102; orthotype T. glaber Meyer (fossil). 375. MEYER (1847). Vorldufige Uebersicht der in dent Muschelkalk Ober- Schlesiens vorkommcnden Saitrier, Fische, Crustaceen und Echinodermen, nach der Sammlung des Herni Mentzet in Kdiiigshiitte. Uebersicht Schles. Ges. Breslau. Hermann von Mever. Omphalodus Meyer, 574; orthotype O. chorzowensis Meyer (fossil). A synonym of ASTERODON. 376. PLIENINGER (1847). Microlestes antiquus und Sargodon tomicus in der Grensenbrcccie des Keupers von Degerloch. Jahresschr. Ver. Vaterl. Naturk. Wiirttemberg. WiLHELM HeINRICH ThEODOR VON PlIENINGER. Sargodon Plieninger, III. 165; orthotype S. tomicus Plieningcr (fossil). 377. WOOD (1847). Description of a Species of Shark (Leiodon ccliinatumj. Proc. Boston Nat. Hist. Soc, II. William Wood. Leiodon Wood, 174; orthotype L. echinatum Wood. \amc preoccupied; a syn- onym of SoMNiosus Le Sueur. 1848 378. AGASSIZ (1848). Two Xew Fishes from Lake Superior, Percopsis and Rhinichthys. Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., III. Louis Agassiz. Percopsis Agassiz, 80 ; haplotypc Pwcopsis guttatus Ag. = Salmo omiscomaycus Walhaum (1792). Also in Lake Superior, 1850, 284. Rhinichthys Agassiz, 80; haplotype Cvprinus atronasus Mitchill. Also in Lake Superior, 1850, 353. ■ Alipey is probably the same as Allcppi or Allapalli, a seaport of Travancorc in southern India, 3.1 miles south of Cochin. BEYRICH. 1848 233 379. liEYRICH (1848). Ccbcr X.nacanthus dechcni uud Uolacanlhodes gra- cilis, ru'ci Fisclic aiis der Formation dcs Rothtiegenden in Nord-Deulschland. Archiv. f. Mineral., XXII. Heinrich Ernst Beyrich (1815-1896). Xenacanthus Beyrich, 24; onhotype Ortii.\canthus dechf.ni Goldfuss (fossil). RcKardcd as a synonym of Orth.\canthus Ag. (Pleurac.\nthus). Holacanthodes Beyrich, 24; ortliotypc 11. gracilis Beyr. (fossil). A synonym of Ala.nthoessus and of .\canthoues. 380 BLEEKER (1848). A Contribulioti to the Ichthyology of Sumbawa. Journ. Ind. Arch. IX, 1848. PlETER BlF.F.KER. Heterognathodon Blecker, I, 101 ; orthntypc H. bifasciatus Blkr., a substitute tor ilKTFjjonoN, preoccupied. A synonym of Pentapus Cuv. & Val. 381 CUVIER& VALENCIENNES (1848). Histoire naturetle des poissons. XXI. .■\CHILLE VaLE.VCIE.NNF.S. Fario Cuvicr & Valenciennes, XXI, 277; (autotype Salmo farid L. = Sal.mo arcen- TEUS Val. Same as Trutta L., a subgenus of Salmo. Salar Cuvier & Valenciennes, XXI. 314; type Salar ausonii Val., a form or ally of Sal.mo FARfo L. A synonym of Fario Val. and Trutta L. 382. D.ANA (1848). Fossils of the Exploring Expedition Under the Command of Charles IVilkes, U. S. A'.; a Fossil Fish from Australia, and a Bclenmite from Tierra del Fuego. Amer. Journ. Sci., V. James Dwight Dana (1813-1895). Urosthenes Dana. V, 433; orthotype U. australis Dana (fossil). 383. EVVALD (1848). Vcber Menaspis, cine ncue fossile Fischgattung. Bcr. Akad Wiss. Berlin. August Ewald. Menaspis Ewald, 83; orthotype M. armata Ewald (fossil). 384. GIEBEL (1848). Die Fischc dcr I'orwelt in seiner Beriicksichtigung der Icbendcn Fische. Christoph Gottfried Andreas Giebel. Tharsis Giebel. 145; orthotype T. germari Giehel (fossil). A synonym of Lepto- LEPIS. Asima Giebel. 184; orthotype A. juglkri Giebel (fossil). A synonym of Radamas Mijnstcr. Elonichthys Giebel, 249; logotype E. germari Giebel (fossil). 385. GISTEL (1848). S'aturgeschichle dcs Thierreichs fiir hohcrc Schulen. Johannes Gistf.l. A remarkable dull and confused publication, not hitherto noticed by ichthyologists. Gistel speaks feelingly of his "hochst miihsamcr Vcr- gleichung, zeitraubendcn Nachschlagcns, in vielen hundcrt Werken, etc., aus mcincn Manuscripten aufzufiihrcn". It is not often that so fatiguing a piece of work presents itself in snch a crabbed form. Gistel insists that personal names of genera are allowable only in Botany and in the lowest classes of animals ( "rien niedrigslcn Thierklassen"). The following may replace names actually preoccupied : Abron instead of Platystcma. 234 THE GENERA OI" FISHES, PART II Dapalis instead of Smerdis. Enixe instead of Drepane. Hypodytes instead of Paracentropogon. Notacmon instead of Eurynotus. Odonus instead of Xenodon (Erythrodon). Periurgus instead of Microps. Proscinetes instead of Microdon. Secutor instead of Deveximentum. Strephon instead of Brontes. Strotes instead of Platysomus. The following are also admissible if a name differing in gender or slightly in form but from the same roots as an earlier name is to be rejected as preoccupied : Analithis instead of Platyrhina. Alazon instead of Pcecilia. Englottogaster instead of Oreinus. Euro instead of Eugnathus. Myrmillo instead of Mustelus. Prenes instead of Scatophagus. Rhadamista instead of Ctenodus. ScROPHA instead of Ceratodus. Pedites instead of Macropodus. The twice preoccupied name of Unhina Gistel, IX, is offered as a sub- stitute for Linkia Nardo, said to be a fish, Linkia tvpus Nardo, preoccupied by LiNCKiA Ag., a genus of Echinoderms, for which he offers the substitute name of Catantes. But both Linkias are starfishes and neither a fish. Another generic name, Phygas Gistel, X, is proposed in place of Polia (Delia Chiaje, Isis, 1832, 647, Sci.ena), said to be preoccupied in worms, by Polia Grube, which genus Gistel renames Cyryx. But I am informed by Mr. Bean that Polia sipunculus Delia Chiaje is itself a worm also, not a fish. Carcharias Gistel, VIII; type Squalus acanthias L. ; substitute for Acanthias Risso, regarded as preoccupied by Acanthia. Carcharias was already twice preoccupied. A synonym of Squalus L., as restricted. Pelonectes Gistel, VIII ; type (AcANTHoiissus bronni Ag.). Substitute for AcANTHODES Ag. (1833), wrongly said to be preoccupied in Crustacea (Ser- ville, 1835). A synonym of Acantiioicssus Ag. (1832). Gremilla Gistel, VIII; type (Perca cernua L.). A substitute for Acerina Cuv. ; but Cernua Schafer and Acerina Giildenstadt, as well as Gymnocephalus nioch & Schneider are still older than Gremilla. Adiapneustes Gistel, VIII; type (Acrodus gaillardoti Ag.). .\ substitute for ,\( Rouus Ag. (1838), wrongly regarded as preoccupied by .'\crodon Zimmer- mann (1840). Histiodromus Gistel, VIII; type (Salmo anostomus L). Name a substitute for .^nastomus Gronow. Scopoli, Cuvier. ."Ml these writers have priority over Anastomus Illiger (1835), a genus of birds. The name has often been written Anostomus. Nomalus Gistel, VIII; type Lonchurus ancylodon B1. & Schn. (A jaculidens Cuv. & Val.) Substitute for Ancylodon, preoccupied. A synonym of Macrodon Schin/- (1822). oisTKi., 1848 • 235 Hypodytes Gistcl. VIII: orthotypc "Aspistes Q. & G.". which is Apistus loncis piNis Cuv. & Val. The name is a substitute for Apistes ("Aspistes") regarded as preoccupied. As the species of Quoy 8: (iaiiiuird (1834) (u)ngispinis) is the type of Paracentropocon Blkr., Hypodytes may supersede that name, rather than replace it by Prosopodasys Cantor (1849). Gistcl offers Hypodytes as a substitute for "Aspistes Quoy, Astrolabe Fischc," although Apistes occurs in the R^gne Animal, 1829 (Index), and Apistus in Cuv. &■ Val, IV, also in 1829, in the loller part of the same year. As IIyi-ouvtks is expressly used to rcpbce Aspistus (not Aspistes) of Quoy & Gainiard and as the chief species tigurcd by those authors is A. loncispinis, the type of the later genus Paracentropocon, Hypodytes may replace the totter, if Apistes or Apistus is deemed occupied. Scrofaria Gicstcl, VHI; orthotypc Ausonia cuvieri Risso. Name an unexplained substitute for AusoNi.v; a synonym of Litvakus Raf. Gliscus Gistcl, VIII; type (Hlochius longirostris Volta) (fossil). A substitute for Bl(k:hius, a personal name. Strephon f;istel. VIII: orthotypc (Brontks prlnadilla (Cuv. At Val.). .■X sub sliinte for Brontes Cuv. & Val. several times preocupied. Thalassoklephtes Gistcl, VIII; orthotypc (Caninoa chiereghini Nardo). ' .•V substitute for Caninoa N'ardo, as a genus unworthy of a prince: "1st dcnn dcr Prinz von Canino mit eincni Haven vcrglcichbar?" Scropha Gistcl, VIII; type (Ceratodus l.vtissimus Ag.) (fossil). A substitute for Ceratodus, regarded as preoccupied by Ceratoiion Mrisson. Capellaria Gistcl, VIII; type (Lophius commersoni.nnus I^c). Substitute for Ciiironectes Cuv., preoccupied. .\ synonym of .^NTENNARlus Cuv. CaEso Gistcl, VIII; type (Sparus berda Forskil). A substitute for "Chrysophrys Riippell" (berda). A synonym of Sparus L. as understood by me. Cerdo Gistcl, VIII; type (Gadus callarias L.) as here restricted. Cerdo is offered as a substitute for "Asellus Klein." But Klein does not accept .AsELLUS as a generic name, but discusses its application to various cod-Iikc fishes. He refers to "Cerdonks" in a discussion of dried codfish. Wc may therefore regard Cerdo Gistcl as a synonym of Gadus L. Echemythes Gistel, VIII: type (Zeus luna Gmelin). A substitute for Chryso- Tiisus Lac. A synonym of Lampris. Ronchifex Gistel, VIII; type (Harpe rufa Lac), substitute for Cossyphu.s Cuv., preoccupied; Bodianus Bloch and Harpe Lac. are names still older for the same genus. Rhadamista Gistel, VIII; type (Ctenodus ckistatus Ag. (fossil). .A substitute lor CtENonus .\k. ( 1838) regarded as preoccupied by Ctenodon Wagner (1830), Pirene Gistel, IX; type (Ch-etodon aruanus L). Substitute for Dascvlius: preoccupied as Dascii-Lus : Pirene is itself preoccupied and gives way to TrrBAnRACHMUM Cantor, 1849. Enixe Gistel, IX; type CH^eToonN punctatus L.). .\ substitute for Drkpank Cuv., regarded as preoccupied by Drepane or Drepana .Schranck. It has priority over Harpochiru.s Canlnr (1849). Secutor Gistel, IX; orthotypc Sparus iNsiniATOH (Bloch). .X substitute for ICQfui.A Cuv.. but with a different type. Has priority over Deveximentum Kowler, if this subgenus is distinct from Leiocnathus Lac. 236 THE GENERA OF FISHES, PART II Furo Gistel, IX; type (Eugnathus orthostomus Ag. fossil). Substitute for EuGNATHUs Ag. regarded as preoccupied by Eugnatha, a genus of spiders. Notacmon Gistel, IX; type (Eurvnotus crenatus Ag. fossil). Substitute for EuRYNOTUS Ag., preoccupied by a genus of beetles (Kirby, 1817). Podager Gistel, IX ; logotype Gerres waigiensis Q. & G. Name a substitute for Gerres, regarded as preoccupied by Gerris Fabricius, a genus of insects. But Podager is itself preoccupied in birds, and if a new name is needed, it must give place to Catoch.enum Cantor (1849). But the root words, Gerris and Gerres, are different. Synergus Gistel, IX; orthotype (Megalurus lepidotus Ag. fossil). A substitute for Megalurus Ag. preoccupied in mammals, but Synergus is preoccupied also by Synergus Hartig, 1840, a genus of Hymenoptera, and Megalurus may be replaced by Urocles Jordan as already indicated. EUops Gistel, IX, type (Acipenser helops Pallas). A substitute for Helops, fXXoip being the original Greek form. Apeches Gistel, IX; logotype Johnius, carutta B1. & Schn. A substitute for JoHNius, a name regarded as objectionable. In general Gistel offers a sub- stitute for all personal names everywhere except among plants and the lowest animals. Neanis Gistel, IX; type (Labrus julis L.). Name a substitute for Julis Cuv., regarded as preoccupied by JuLUS L., a genus of myriapods. But the two names are of entirely distinct origin. Exoles Gistel, IX; type (Squalus nasus Bonnaterre). A substitute for Lamia Bon., itself a synonym of Lamna Cuv. Apepton Gistel, IX ; orthotype Lepadocaster piger Nardo. A needless synonym of GouANiA Nardo, a personal name. Anepistomon Gistel, IX; type (Leptokynchus capensis Smith). A substitute for Leptorhynchus Smith, preoccupied. A synonym of Ophisurus, as restricted. Spanius Gistel, IX; type (Leptosoma atra Nardo). Name a substitute for Lepto- soMA, preoccupied ; probably a synonym of Monochirus Raf. "Soglio bastardo". Encrotes Gistel, IX ; type Cyprinodon variegatus Lac. A substitute for Lebia or Lebias Cuv. on account of the name Lebia Latreille, 1802, an earlier name wrongly attributed to Bonaparte. But Lebia Cuv. (later written Lebias) is a synonym of Cyprinodon Lac. Maina Gitsel, IX; type (Sparus chcerorhynchus B1. & Schn.). Name a substitute for Lethrinus Cuv. unreasonably regarded as preoccupied by Lethrus I'abricius, a genus of beetles. Massaria Gistel, IX; type Cyclgpterus liparis L. A needless substitute for Liparis, used in Botany. Pedites Gistel, IX (Macropodus viruiiauratus Lac). Xame a substitute for Macropodus Lac. corrected by (jiinthcr as Macropus, in that form preoccu- pied by Macropus Thunberg, a genus of beetles. Perhaps to be adopted as the roots are the same and Macropodus an incorrect form. Paschalestes Gistel, IX; type (Macquaria australasica Cuv. & Val. Substitute for Macquaria Cuv. & Val., rejected, as a personal name. Englottogaster Gistel, IX; type Oreinus cuttatus McCl. Substitute for Oreinus McCl., regarded as preoccupied in hectics as Orkina. But the generic value of Oreinus is doubtful. GisTEL. 1848 237 Proscinetes Gistcl, X; type Microdon elegans Ag. (fossiU. Substitute for MicRoiwN Ag., preoccupied; replaces Polypsephis Hay, 1899, which is ,ilso a substitute for Microiwn. Periergus Gisti-l. X; type Microps kurcatus Ag. (fossil). .\ substitute for MicRops Ag., preoccupied in beetles. Amion Gistel, X; type (Mt'ciL cephalis L. ). A substitute for Much. L. for no ■issigned reason. Myrmillo Gistel, X; orthotype Mustelus vulgaris. .X substitute for Mustelus Ciiv.. regarded as preoccupied by Ml'stela L. Same as Plel'racromyixin Gill. Analithis Gistel, X; orthotype Platyriiina sinensis (B1. & Schn.). Substitute for Platvrhina M. & H., regarded as preoccupied by Platvrhinus, replaced by DiscoBATUs Garman (1881). Strotes Gistel, X; type (Stromateus cibbosus Blainv.). Name a substitute for Platvsomus .\g. preoccupied by a genus of beetles. Abron Gistel. X; orthotype Silurus lima .\g. .\ substitute for Platystoma .Ag., 1S29, preoccupied in insects. Plectrostoma Gistel, X; type Oxyrhi.n'a mantklli .\g. (fossil). Substitute for Oxvrhina Ag., preoccupied. A synonym of Isurus Raf. Euporista Gistel, X ; type Pleuronectes plagiusa L. A substitute for Placusia Ron., preoccupied; a synonym of Symphurus Raf. Deportator Gistel, X; type (Silurus anguillaris Forskal). Name a substitute for I'liiTosus Lac, needlessly regarded as preoccupied by PloTUS L. Alazon Gistel. X; orthotype ( PoaiLiA vivipara). .\ substitute for Phorus). Sitzb. Akad. Wiss. Wein. Johann Jakob Heckel. Xiphophorus Heckil, 1. 163; orthotype X. helleri Heckel. jERDON. 1848 239 389. JKRDON (1848). On the Fresh-water Fishes of Soullii-ni India. Madias Journ. Lit. Sci.. XV. Thomas Claverhill Jerdon (1811-1873). Pristolepis Jerdon, XV, 141; orthotypc P. marginatus Jerdon. Replaces Cato- PRA Blkr. 390. M'COV (1848). On Some .\'ew Fossil Fish of the Carboniferous Period. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., II. Frederick M'Coy. Isodus M'Coy, 3: orthotype I. leptocnathus M'Coy (fossil). Colonodus M'Coy, II, 5; orthotype C. longidens M'Coy (fossil). Osteoplax M'Coy. II, 6; orthotype O. erosa M'Coy (fossil). 391 .MCOV (1848). On Some Xew Ichthyoliles from the Scotch Old Red Sandstone. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., II. Frederick M'Coy. Physonemus .M'Coy. 11. 117; orthotype P. arcuatus M'Coy (fossil). Erismacanthus .M'Coy, II. 118; orthotype E. jonesi M'Coy (fossil). Asteroptychius l.^gassiz) M'Coy, II, 118; orthotype A. ornatus (.^g.) M'Coy (fossil). Name only, in Poissons fossiles, HI. 176, 1843; made valid by M'Coy, 1848. Platyacanthus .M'Coy. II. 120; orthotype P. isosceles M'Coy (fossil). Name pre- occupied. .\ synonym of Oracanthus Ag. Polyrhizodus .M'Coy, II, 125; orthotypc P. Magnus M'Coy (fossil). Glossodus M'Coy. 11, 127; logotype G. lingua-bovis M'Coy (fossil). Not Glos soDON Raf. Climaxodus M'Coy. 11, 128; orthotype C. imbricatus M'Coy (fossil). .\ synonym of Janassa. Cheirodus M'Coy, 11, 130; orthotype C. pes-ran,e M'Coy (fossil). Petrodus M'Coy, II, 132; loxotype P. p.\telliformis M'Coy (fossil). Tripterus M'Coy, II, 306; orthotype T. pollexfeni M'Coy (fossil). A synonym of OsTtoLEPis Val. Name prcociicpicd ; replaced by Triplopterus M'Coy (185S). Gyroptychius M'Coy, II, 307; orthotype G. a.ngustus M'Coy (fossil). Conchodus M'Coy, II, 312; orthotype C. ostre«formis M'Coy (fossil). 392. MULLER (1848). (Fossile Fische.) Reisc in den Husserstcn Norden und Osten Sibericns wahrend der Jahr 1843-14. Heraiisgegeben von A. Th. v. Middendorf, I. Johannes MOller. Lycoptera Mullcr. I. 262; orthotypc L. midpendorfi Miillcr (fossil). 393 MOLLKR & TKOSCllEL (1848). Reisen in British-Guiana in den Jahren 1840-44. (Im .\uftrag Sr. Majestat dcs Konigs von Prcussen ausgefiihrt von Richard Schomhurgk : I'ersuch eincr Fauna und Flora Z'on British- Guiana. (Fischr.) III.) Johannes Mi'ller; I-'ranz Hermann Troschel. Achames Mullcr & Troschel. HI, 622; orthotype A. speciosa M. & T. Polyccntrus Muller & Troschel. HI, 622; orthotypc P. schomburgki M. & T. 394 RICHARDSON (1848). Fishes The Zoology of the Voyage of H.M.S. " Samarang" ; Under the Command of Captain Sir Edward Belcher, During the years 1843-1846. 240 THE GENERA OF FISHES, PART II John Richardson. Choridactylus Richardson, 8; orthotype C. multibarbis Rich. Later spelled Cho- R1SM0D-\CTYLUS. Sthenopus Richardson, 10 ; orthotype S. mollis Rich. Name preoccupied ; replaced by Trichopleura Kaup. Podabrus Ricliardson, 11; logotype P. centropomus Rich. Preoccupied in beetles; replaced by Vellitor Jordan & Starks (1894). Nemichthys Richardson, 25 ; orthotype N. scolopaceus Rich. Aperioptus Richardson, 27 ;orthotype A. pictorius Rich. 1849 395. AYRES (1849). On a Very Curious Fish, for which the Name Malacosteus nigcr Is Proposed. Journ. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. William O. Ayres. Malacosteus Ayrcs, S3 ; orthotype M. nicer Ayres. 396. BLEEKER (1849). A Contribution to the Knoivledge of the Ichthyological Fauna of Celebes. Journ. Ind. Arch., III. PlETER BlEEKER. Apogonoides Bleeker, 111, 70; orthotype A. macassariensis Blkr. This forgotten genus is based on a species without teeth on the plate ; with the preopercle entire, no opercular spines: D .VI-1, 9; caudal bilobed. Apogonoides seems to differ from the later Apoconichthys only in the presence of 6, not 7, dorsal spines and in the bilobed caudal. Amblygaster Bleeker, 70; orthotype A. clupeoides Blkr. A synonym of Sardinella Cuv. & Val. The true sardines (Sardinia Poey) are well distinguished from Saudi NKLLA externally by the strong concentric grooves on the opercles. Dipterygonotus Bleeker, 70; orthotype D. leucogrammicus Blkr. An ally or synonym of Emmelichthys Rich. Pogonognathus Bleeker, III, 73; orthotype P. barbatus Blkr. = Anacanthus BARBATUs Gray. A synonym of P.silocephalus Sw. 397. BLEEKER (1849). Overzigt dcr te Batavia voorkomende Gladschubbige Labro'iden, met dcschrivning van 11 nieuwe soorten. Verh. Bat. Gen. XXII, 1849, 1-64. Pieter Bleeker. Scarus (P'orskal) Bleeker XII, 3; orthotype Labrus cretensis L. (not Scarus Forskal). A .synonym of Sparisoma Sw. 398. BLEEKER (1849). Bijdrage tot de kennis dcr Fercoiden van den Malayo- Molukschen Archifiel, mit beschrijvning van 22 nicuiven soorten. Verh. Batav. Genootsch., XXII. Pieter Bleeker. MuUoides Bleeker, 12; orthotype Mullus flavolineatus Lac. Upeneoides Blocker, 63; orthotype Mullus vittaths I-'orskil 399. BLEEKER (1849). Bijdrage tot de kennis dcr Blcnnioiden en Gobioiden van den Soenda-M olukschen Archipel, met beschrijvning van 42 nieuwe soorten. Verh. Batav. Genootsch., XX. Pieter Bleeker. BLEEKER. 1849 241 Philypnoides Blcckcr, XXllI, 19; orthotype P. surakartensis Blkr. (Young of Ophicephalus cachua Ham.) A synonym of Ophicephalus Bloch. 400 BLEEKER (1849). Bijdrage lot de kennis der ichthyologische fauna van het eiland Madura, met bcschrijving van ecnige nicuwc sfi'cics. Verli. Batav. Genootsch.. XXII. PlETER BlEEKER. Leptonurus Blcckcr, X.XII, 14; orthotype L. chrysostigma Blkr. A synonym of CoiLiA Gray. Hippichthys Blcckcr. X.Xll, 15; orthotype H. heptaconus Blkr. (not Hippo- campus HEPTAGONUS Raf.). Probably the same as Corythroichthys Kaup and of earlier date. Anodontostoma Blceker, XXI, 15; orthotype A. hasselti Blkr. = Chatoessus cHAcL'.VDA Cuv. & Val. ; replaces Gonostoma Van Hasselt, 1823, preoccupied. 401 BLEEKER (1849). Bijdrage tot de kennis der ichthyologische fauna van het eiland Bali, met beschrijving van eenige nieuwe species. Vcrh. Batav. Genootsch., XXII. PlETER BlEEKER. Stomianodon Blcckcr. X.XII, 10; orthotype S. chrysophekadion Blkr. A synonym of .\stronesthes Rich. 402. CANTOR (1849). Catalogue of Malayan Fishes. Jourii. Roy. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, X\I1I (1849). Reprinted as a separate volume. 1850. Theodure Edward Cantor. Genyoroge Cantor, 12 ; loogtype Diacope seb.e. Name a substitute for Diacope Cuv & Val., preoccupied. Prosopodasys Cantor, 44; orthotype Apistls alatus Cuv. .■\ substitute for .•\P1STUS Cuv., regarded as preoccupied by .Apista, hence must retain the same type. Pterichthvs Sw., 1839, has priority over Pros«pad.\svs. Corythobatus Cantor, 45; orthotype Apistus minous Cuv. & Val. = Minous MiK)HA Cuv. & Val. Substitute for Minous, regarded as preocupied by MiNoiJs. Spondyliosoma Cantor, SO; orthotype Sparus cantharus L. Substitute for Can- rii.\KUS Cuv., preocupied. Catochaenum Cantor, 55; orthotype Gerres waigensis Cuv. & Val. Substitute for (JERREs, unneces.^arily regarded as preoccupied by Gerris, a genus of insects. PoDAGER Gistel (1848), also a substitute for Gerres, is preoccupied. I think that Gerres should hold. Marches Cantor, 100; orthotype Ch/ETodon orbis Bloch Substitute for Ephippus Cuv., regarded as preoccupied by Ephippiu.m. Diphreutes Ciinlor, 159; orthotype Ch.etodon mai-rolepidoti's L.. replacing llENto- ( Ills Cuv. (1817), regarded as preoccupied by HENiottiE. 1816. Harpochinis Cantor. 162; orthotype CH.t;Toi)oN punctatis (imelin. Same as I-'.Ni.\E Gistel, 1848, an earlier substitute for Drepane Cuv.. 'cgarded as pre occupied by Drepana, Drepania, Drepanis and Drepanius. Cacodoxus Cantor, 163; orthotype Ch,«todo.s argus Gmclin. Same as Prenes Gistel. 1848. Substitute for Scatophacus Cuv. & Val. regarded as pre- occupied by Scatophaga. Cannorhynchus Cantor, 211 ; orthotype Fistularia tabacaria L. .-V synonym of P'iSTfLARIA. Synaptura Cantor, 222; logotype Pleuronectes comjimsonianus Lac. as restricted by Blecker. 242 THE (;exera of fishes, part ii Tetradrachmum Cantor, 240; logotype Ch^todon aruanus L. Same as Pirene Gistel (1848). A substitute for Dasc\xlus Cuv., regarded as preoccupied by Dascillus and often spelled Dascillus. Prionace Cantor, 399 ; logotype Squalus glaucus L. Substitute for Prionodon M. & H., preoccupied. Rhachinotus Cantor, 422; ortbotype Raja africana B1. & Scbn. A substitute for Anacanthus Ehrenb., 1837, preoccupied. A synonym of Urogymnus M. I& H. Stoasodon Cantor, 434; orthotype Raja narinari Euphrasen. Substitute for AiiTOBATis as restricted by MiiUer & Henle, the proper type of Aetob.^tis Blainv. being regarded by tautononiy as Raja aquila L. 403. CUVIER& VALENCIENNES (1849). Histoire naturcUcdes poissons. XXII. AcHiLLE Valenciennes. Parodon Cuvier & Valenciennes, XXII, SO; haplotype Parodon suborbitale Val. Brycinus Cuvier & Valenciennes, XXII, 157; haplotype Brycinus macrolepidotus Val. Piabucina Cuvier & Valenciennes, XXII, 161 ; haplotype Piabuciana erythrinoides Val, Distichodus Cuvier & Valenciennes, XXI, 172; haplotype Salmo nefasch Lac. = Salmo niloticus Hasselquist. Tometes Cuvier & Valenciennes, XXII, 225 ; logotype Tometes trilobatus Val, A synonym of Myleus M. & T, , Mylesinus Cuvier & Valenciennes, XXII, 234; haplotype Mylesinus schomburgki Val. Chalcinus Cuvier & Valenciennes, XXII, 258; logotype Cualcinus brachypomus Val. Cynopotamus Cuver & Valenciennes, XXII, 317; logotype Hvdrocyon argenteus Val. Saurida Cuvier & Valenciennes, XXII, 499; logotype Sai-mo tumbil Bloch. Farionella Cuvier & Valenciennes, XXIJ, 507; haplotype Farionklla gayi Val. .\ synonym of Aplochiton Jenyns (1842). 404. GERMAR (1849). SteinkoMc Wittenbcrgs. Eknst Fkieurich Ger.mak (1786-1853). Styracodus Gerniar, 70; orthotype Centrodus acutus Giebel (fossil). A synonym of Centrodus. 405.406. GIEBEL (1849). Fauna der Vorvelt. Christian Gottfried Andreas Giebel. Asima Giebel, 184; ortliotype Radamas jugleri Miinster. A .synonym of Rad.mhas. 407. HECKEL (1849). Abhandhina iibcr cine neuc fossile Fischgattiing, Chiro- centrites, und die ersten Ueberreste cines Siluroidrii aiis der Vorwelt. Sitzb. Akad. Wiss. Wicn, II. JoHANN Jakob Meckel. Chirocentrites Heckcl, I, 18; logotype C. microdon Heckel (fossil). A synonym of Thrissops. 408, HECKEL (1849). Ichlhyologie (von Syrien). In Russegger, Joseph von, Keisen in Europa, Asicn und Africa, mil besondercr Riicksicht auf die natur- wissenschaftlichcn ]'erhaUnisse der beircffenden Lander unternominen in den Jahrcn 1835 bis 18-11. etc. II, part 3. (To this part IX-an assigns the date 1843.) VAN DER UOF.VKN, 184Q 243 Isodus Meckel, II. 342; orthotypc I. sulcatus Hcckcl (fossil). A synonym of ICnciiodus Ak- Pycnosterina Hcckcl, II, 337; orthotypc V. russegceki Hcckcl (.fossil). 409 llOEVEN', VAN DER (1849). Handboek der dierkunde; tweede verbctcrde uilgave: met bijvoegsels en atinincrkingen door Lcuckart. Amsterdam. Janus van deb Hoeven (1802-1868). Pteronemus Van der Hoeven, II, 177; orthotyite Cheilodactylus fasciatus Lac. A synonym of Cheilodactylus. Sphyra Van der llocven. II; type Sqoalus zyc^na L. Emendation of Sphyrna Kaf. 410 JORD.\.\ i,lS-<"). (Triodus.i .\cucs jalirb. vmi Mincralogie. August Jordan. Triodus Jordan. 843; ortliotype T. stssiLis Jordan = Pleur.\canthus decheni (fossil). .\ synonym of Orth acanthus (Pleuracanthu.-). 411 .\rC(.)V (1849). On Soiiit- \'civ Fossil Fish of the Carboniferous Period. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. II. I-'reoerick M'Coy. Centrodus M'Coy, II, 3; orthotypc C. striatulus M'Coy (fossil). Same as Mega- lichthvs Ag., 1844, not of 1838. 412. MEYER (1849 1. Fische. etc.. aus dent Muschelkalk Ober-Schlesiens. Palxontographica, I. Hkrr.mann von Meyer. Palxobates Mfycr. 1. 234; orthotypc Psammodus angustissimus Ag. (fossil). 413 .MOLLER & TROSCHEL (1849). Wora- Zoologiccc. Beschreibung und Abbildung neiier Fische. III. Johannes Muller; Franz Hermann Troschel. Sciades .Muller & Troschel, HI, 6; logotype Sc(ades pictus M. & T. Eutropius .Miillcr & Troschel, III, 6; logotype Hvpophthalmus niloticus Riippcll. Citharinus MiiUcr & Troschel. III. 8; tautotype Serrasalmo citharinus Cuv. = Sm,mo vnimaculatus Rloch. Hemiodus Muller & Troschel, HI. 9; logotype Anodus crenidens M. & T. =^ Salmii uni.maculatus Bloch. Ariodes Muller & Troschel, HI, 9; logotype Ariodes akenarius M. & T. Erethistes Muller & Troschel, HI, 12; orthotypc E. pusillus M. & T. Carapus (Cuvicr) Muller & Iroschel, III. 13; logotype, restricted by Eigcnmann, to fasciatus Pallas = Gvmnotus carapo L. (Carapus Cuv., but not of Ratmcsquc). A synonym of Gvmnotus L. Stcrnopygus Muller & Troschel, HI, 13; orthotypc Gvmnotus macrurus Bl.&Schn. Rhamphichthys Muller & Troschel. HI. IS; orthotypc Gvmnotus rostratus L. Cnidon .Muller & Troschel, HI, 21; orthotypc C. chinensis M. "t T. ^ Labrax w.\H.iENsis Cuv. & Val. A .synonym of Psam.moi-erca Rich. Cichlops Miillcr & Troschel, HI, 24; orthotypc C. mickophthalmi's M. & T. Name preoccupied; replaced by Dampieria Castclnau, 1875, or by Labracinus Schlcg-I, 1875. Caprophonus Muller & Tro.schcl, HI, 28; orthotypc C. aurora M. & T. .\nti- gunia cAPROS Lowe. A synony" "f \nticonia Lowe. 244 THE GENERA OF FISHES, PART 11 413A. NEWMAN (1849). (Devil Fish.) The Zoologist. Edward Newman. Brachioptilon Newman, 74; orthotype B. hamiltqni Newman. A synonym of Manta Bancroft. 414. REID (1849). An Account of a Specimen of the Vaagmcer . . . Thrown Ashore in the Firth of Forth. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.. III. John Reid. Vogmarus Reid, III, 456; orthotype Bogmarus islandicus B1. & Schn. A sub- stitute for Bogmarus, both names synonyms of Trachipterus Gouan. 415. REINHARDT (1849). Nye sydamerikanske ferskvandsfiske. Vidensk. Meddel-Naturh. Foren. Kjobenhavn. JoHANN Theodor Reinhardt (1816-1882). Hydropardus Reinhardt, 46; orthotype H. r.\pax Reinli. = Raphiodon vulpinus Ag. A synonym of Raphiodon. 416. SISMONDA (1849). Dcscrizione dei pcsci e dci crustacci fossili net Piemonte, Mem. Reale Accad. Sci. Torino, ser. X. EUGENIO SiSMONDA. Trigonodon Sismonda, 25; orthotype T. oweni Sismonda (fossil). 417. SMITH (1849). Illustrations from the Zoology of South Africa; Consisting Chiefly of Figures and Descriptions of Objects of Natural History Collected During an Expedition into the Interior of South Africa in 1834-36. Andrew .Smith. Leptorhynchus Smith, pi. 6; orthotype L. capensis Smith. A synonym of Ophi- suRus Lac, as restricted. Cheilobarbus Smith, pi. 10; logotype B.\rbus capensis Smith. Pseudobarbus Smith, pi. 11; orthotype Barbus burchelli Smith. Abrostomus Smith, pi. 12; logotype A. umbr.\tus Smith. Tilapia Smith ; orthotype Chromis nilotica Cuv. & Val. Replaces Chromis Gthr., not of Cuvier. Atimostoma Smith, XXIV; orthotype A. capense Smith. A synonym of Psenes Cuv. & Val. Rhineodon Smith, pi. 26; orthotype R. typicus Smith. Misprinted Rhincodon; often written Rhinodon. Xiphiurus Smith; orthotype X. capensis Smith. .\'ame preoccupied as Xiphiura, a synonym of Genvpterus Philippi. 418. THlOLLIfiRE (1849). Un nouveau gisement de poissons fossiles dans le Jura du departcment de I' A in. Ann. Soc. Agric. Lyons, I. Victor Joseph de lTsle Thiollikre (1801-1859). Spathobatis Thiolliere, I, 63; orthotype S. bugesiacus Thiolliere (fosil). A syno- nym of Aellopos Miinster. 419. WILLIAMSON (1849). On the Microscopic Structure of the Scales and Dermal Teeth of Some Ganoid and Placoid Fishes. Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. London. William Crawford Williamson. Pholidotus Williamson, 444; ortliotype P. leachi Williamson (fossil). A synonym of Dapedium Leach. AGASSiz, 1850 245 1850 420. AGASSIZ (18S0). Lake Superior: Iti Physical Character, I'egetalion^ and Animals, Compared with Those of Other and Similar Regions, etc. Louis AcASsiz. Pcecilosoma Agassiz, 299; haplotypc Etheostoma variateum Kirtland. Preoccu- pied ; replaced by Pe!. Nat. Tijdschr. Neder. -Indie, I, 1851. PlETER BlEEKER. Decapterus Bleeker, II, 358 ; orthotype Caranx kurra Cuv. & Val. Selar Bleeker, 359; logotype Caran.x hasselti Blkr. (C. boops Cuv. & Val. indi- cated as type by Jordan & Evermann, 1898, was not named in Bleeker's first account (only S. hasselti, S. kuhli, S. macrurus, S. malam). Carangoides Bleeker, 366; orthotype Caranx pr.«ustus Bennett, the only other species here mentioned being C. atropus, type of Atropus Cuv. Defined to include Citula, Atropus and Olistus as well as Carangoides proper, as restricted by Jordan & Evermann. Leioglossus Bleeker, 367; orothotypc L. carangoides Blkr. Stromateoides Bleeker, I, 368; orthotype Stromateus cinereus Bloch; a synonym of Pampus Bon. 441. BLEEKER (1851). Derde bijdrage tot de kennis der ichthyologische fauna van Borneo, etc. Nat. Tijdschr. Neder.-Indie, II. PiETER Bleeker. Tetrabranchus Bleeker, II, 69; orthotype T. microphthalma Blkr. A synonym of Symbranchus Bloch. Catopra Bleeker, 172 ; orthotype C. fasciata Blkr. A synonym of Pbistolepis Jerdon, 1850. 442. BLEEKER (1851). Cheilinoides, een nicuw geslacht van gindschubbige La- broiden van Batavia. Nat. Tijdschr. Neder.-Indie, II PiETER Bleeker. Cheilinoides Bleeker, II, 71 ; orthotype C. cynanopleura Blkr. 443. BLEEKER (1851). Vierde bijdrage tot den kennis der ichthyologische fauna van Borneo, met beschrijvning van eenige nieuwe soorten van zoetwater- visschen. Nat. Tijdschr. Neder.-Indie. II. Pieter Bleeker. Bagroides Bleeker, II, 204 ; orthotype B. melanopterus Blkr. 444. BLEEKER (1851). Nieuwe bijdrage tot de kennis der ichthyologische fauna van Celebes. Nat. Tijdschr. Neder.-Indie, II, 1851. Pieter Bleeker. Megalaspis Bleeker, II. 213; orthotype Scember cordyla L. (Caranx rottleri Blkr.). Selaroides Bleeker, II. 213 ; orthotype Caranx leptolepis Kuhl & Van Hasselt. Later c.'illcd Leptaspis, the reason not stated. Spratelloides Blocker, 214 ; orthotype Clupea argvrot.«nia Blkr. 445. BLEEKER (1851). Bijdrage tot de kennis der ichthyologische fauna van de Banda eilanden. Nat. Tijdschr. Neder.-Indie, II. Pieter Bleeker. Labroides Bleeker, II, 249; orthotype L. paradiseus Bleeker. Syngnathoides Bleeker, 259; orthotype S. blochi Blkr. Replaces Gasterotokeus Meckel (1856). GAiMAKij, 1851 249 446. GAIMARD (18S1). Voyage de la Commission Scientifique du S'ord. Voy- age en Skandinatie, en l.af'fonie, a Sfilzberg el aux Faroe, Paris. V'll. Zoologie (1851). Joseph Paul Gaimaro. Eperlanus GaininrJ, VII ; orthotypc Salmo eperlanus L. A synonym of Osmerus L. (Not seen.) 447. GIRARD (1851). On the Genus Coitus auct. Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., III. Charles pRfufeRic Girard (1822-1895). Acanthocottus Girard. Ill, 185: logotype Cottus grcenlandicus Cuv. & Val. A section under Myoxocephalus Steller. 448. GIR.^RD (1851). Some Additional Observations on the Nomenclature and Classification of the Genus Cottus. Proc. Boston Soc. N'at. Hist., Ill (for 1848). 1851. Charles Fr£o£ric Girard. Cottopsis Girard, III, 303; orthotype Cottus asper Rich. .\ section of Cottus L. 449. GRAY (1851). Description of a Xetv Form of Lamprey from Australia with a Synopsis of the Family. Proc. Zool. Soc. London. John Edward Gray. Geotria Gray, 143 : orthotype Geotria australis Gray. Velasia Gray, 143; orthotype V. chilensis Gray. Caragola Gray, 143; orthotype C. lapicida Gray. Same as Mordacia Gray. Mordacia Gray, 144; orthotype Petromyzon mordax Rich. A synonym of Cara- (;iila Gray. Lampetra Gray, 235; logotype Petromyzon fluviatilis L. 450 LOTKEN (18S1). Nogle bemaerkinger om naeseborenes stiling hos de i gruppe mcd Ophisurus staaendc slacgter af aatefamilien. Vidensk. Meddel. Natur- hist. Forcn. Kjobcnjavn. Christian Frederik Lijtken (1827-1901). Myrophis Liitken, 1 ; orthotype M. punctatus Liitken. Chilorhinus Lutkcn. 1 ; orthotype C. suensoni Liitken. 451. MEYER (1851). Fossite Fische aus dem Muschelkalk von Jena. Qucrfurl und Esperstadl. Palxontographica. Hermann von Meyer. Tholodus (Meyer) Schmid & Schlciden, I, 199; orthotypc T. schmidi (fossil). Pcrliaps a tooth of a reptile. 452,453 MEYER (1851). Palceontogrophica. I. Hermann von Meyer. Nephrotus Meyer, I, 243; orthotypc Omphaloous chorzowensis Meyer (fossil). A synonym of Asterodon. 454 M'COV (1851). (Steganodictyum.) Mag. Nat. Hist., VIII. Frederick M'Coy. Steganodictyum M'Coy, VIII. 481; orthotypc S. cornubici'm M'Coy (fossil). ( Shicld.s of a Pteraspid mistaken for part of a sponge.) 455 THOMPSON (1851). OnPercopsis ptllucida. Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., III. Zadock Thompson (17961856). Salmoperca Thompson. HI. 164; haplotypc Salmopsrca pellucida Thompson = Pmcopsvs r.i-TTATis Ag. = Salmo omiscomavcus Walbaum. A synonym of Percopsis Ag., 1848. 250 THE GENERA OF FISHES, FART II 456. WAGN'ER (1851). Bcitrage zur Kcnntniss der in den Hthogral'hischen Schiefcrn abgelagerten urweltlichen Fische. Abh. Bayer. Akad. Wiss., VI. JoHANN Andreas Wagner (1797-1861). Mesodon Wagner, VI, 56; orthotype Gyrodus macropterus Ag. (fossil). Name preoccupied in mollusks, Rafinesque, 1819; replaceable by Typodus Quenstedt, 1858. Strobilodus Wagner, VI, 75; orthotype S. giganteus Wagner (fossil). A synonym of Caturus Ag. 1852 457. BLEEKER (1852). Bijdrage tot de kcnnis der Makreclachtige visschen van den Soenda-Molukschen Archipel. Verb. Batav. Genootsch., XXIV, 1852. Pieter Bleeker. Leptaspis Bleeker. XXIV, 71 ; orthotype Caranx leptolepis Kiihl & Van Hasselt. Called earlier Selaroides, the reason for changing not known to me. 458. BLEEKER (1852). Bijdrage lot de keiinis der Plagiostomen van den Indischen Archipel. Verb. Batav. Genootsch., XXIV. Pieter Bleeker. Hemigaleus Bleeker, XXIV, 45; orthotype II. microstoma Blkr. Preoccupied in mammals as Hemigalea. 459. BLEEKER (1852). Diagnostische bcschrijvning van nieuwe of weinig bekende visschsoorten van Sumatra. Nat Tijdschr. Neder.-Indie, III, 1852. Pieter Bleeker. Pristipomoides Bleeker, III. 574 ; orthotype P. typus Blkr. Replaces Ch^topterus T. & S., preoccupied 460. BLEEKER (1852). Derde bijdrage tot de kennis der ichthyologischc fauna ;■(;» Celebes. Nat. Tijdschr. Ncder.-lndic. III. Pieter Bleeker. Carangichthys Bleeker, III, 760; orthotype C. typus Blkr. A synonym of Caranx Lac. (based on young specimens). 461. DUM6RIL (1852). Monographie de la famille des torpedinicns, ou poissons plagiostomes electriques. Rev. Mag. Zool., IV. AuGU.STE Henri Andre Dum^ril (1812-1870). Hypnos .\. Dunieril, 279; orthotype II. subnigrum Dum. Name preoccupied; re- placed by Hypnarce Waite, 1902. 462. EGERTON (1852). Fish: Elasmodus, etc. (In Figures and Descriptions of British Organic Remains.) Mem. Geo. Surv. United Kingdom. Philip de Malpas Grey Exerton. Lophistomus Egerton, Dec. VI, No. 10; orthotype L. dixoni Egert. (fossil). 463. FISCHER VON WALDHEIM (1852). Siir quelqucs poissons fossiles de la Russie. Bull. Soc. Imp. Nat. Moscou, XXV. GoTTHELF Fischer von Waldheim. Pycnacanthus Fischer von Waldheim, XXV, 174; orthotype (not named by Wooilward) (fossil). (An unrecognized fragment.) Siphonodus I'iscbcr von Waldheim, XXV, 175; orthotype S. panderi Waldheim (fossil). ottvAis, 1852 251 464 GERVAIS (.1852). Zoologic ct Paliontologie Francoises. \\. Francois Louis Paul Gervais. Sandroserrus Gervais, II. 8; orthotype Perca rebouli Gervais (fossil). 465 LOWE (1852). An Account of Fishes Discovered or Observed in Madeira Since the Year 1S42. .\nn. Mas. Nat. Hist. London, ser. X. Richard Tiio.mas Lowe. Leptorhjmchus Lowe, X. 54; orthotype L. leuchtenbergi Lowe. Name prcoccn- piiil; ri-placed by Belonoi-.sis Brandt. A synonym of N'kmichthys Rich. 466. (JUEN'STEDT (1852). Handbuch der Petrefaktenkunde. Frieorich .Xugust vo.s Que.nstekt (1809-1889). Selachidea Qucnstedt, 173; orthotype S. torolosi Qucnsicdt (fossil). Probably a synonym of Hybodus. Serrolepis Quenstedt, 207; orthotype S. sue\'Icus Dames, (fossil). Pleurolepis Quenstedt, 214; orthotype P. semicinctus Quenstedt (fossil). A syno- nym of Tetragonolepis Bronn. 467. ROEMER (1852). Die Krcidebildunscn von Texas und ihre ornanischen Einschlusse. Mil einem die Beschreibung von Versteinerungen aiis palao- zoischen und tertidren Schichten enthaltenden Anhange und mil 11 von Chohc- nach der \atur auf Stein geceichnctcn Tafcln. Bonn. Carl Ferdina.vd vo.n Roemer. Ancistrodon (Derby) Roemer, 30; orthotype later called .A. texanus Dames (fossil). Teeth undetermined. Name preoccupied in snakes as .Vgkistrodon ; replaced by Ankistrodus Koninck, 1870, scarcely better, and by Grvpodon Hay, 1899. 468 ROPPELL (1852). Vericichniss der in dem Museum der scnckenbergischcn luilurforschenden Cesellschaft aufgestclllen Sammlungcn. Vicrte .\bthcilunK. Fischc und deren Sketette. WiLiiELM Peter Eduard Simon Ruppell. Microichthys Riippcll, 1 ; orthotype ^f. coccoi Ruppell. Pharopteryx Ruppell, 16; orthotype P. benoit Riippcll. Not Pharopterx of Riippell, 1828, which is a synonym of Plesiops Cuv. A synonym of Mora Risso. ChGcrops Ruppell. 20; orthotype C. meleacris Ruppell. .\ synonym of Chcerodon Blkr. Sarotherodon Riippell, 21 ; orthotype S. melanotheron Riippell. Erythrodon Ruppell, 34; orthotype Balistes< nicer Lac, Balistes erthroiwn Gthr. Sub'ititutc for Xenodon Riippell, 1835. preoccupied, but the name OnoNUS Gistel (1848) has priority and Zenoddn Sw. (1829) is still older, if available. 1853 469 AG.\SS1Z (1853). Recent Researches of Professor Agassis. (Extract from letter to J. D. Dana dated Cambridge, June 9, 1853). .Amer. Journ. Sci.. XVI. U)UIS .ACASSIZ. In this paper four new Kcnera arc briefly described. The species con- ccrni-d were not named until later. Chologaster .Aga.ssiz, 135; (haplotypc Cholocaster cobnutvs Ag.). Short arroiiiii of the genus, the species named later. Heterandria ,^Rassi/. 135; (logotype H. Formosa Ag.). Stated to contain nv<. species named later, H. pormosa and H. holbrooki, the latter being Gam- 252 THE GENERA OF FISHES, PART II BfsiA PATRUELis Baird & Grd. After consultation with Professor Poey FORMOSA was chosen by Jordan as the type of Heterandria. This name replaces Girardinus Poey. Zygonectes Agassiz, 135 ; logotype Poecilia olivacea Storer = Semotilus notatius Raf. Brief notice of genus; its species indicated in 1854 (Fish. Tennessee River). Melanura Agassiz, 135; orthotype Exoglossum annulatum Raf. Note on the genus, the type indicated on page 217 of the same journal. A synonym of Umbra Gronow. 470. AGASSIZ (1853). Extraordinary Fishes from California Constituting a New Family (Holconoti or Embiotocidn). .\mev. Journ. Sci., XVI. Louis Agassiz. Embiotoca .\gassiz. 386 ; orthotype E. jacksoni Ag. 471. BAIRD & GIR.\RD (1853). Descriptions of New Species of Fishes Collected by Mr. John H. Clark on the U. S. and Mexican Boundary Survey, under Lf.-Col. Jas. D. Graham. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. Spencer Fullerton Girard (1823-1887) : Charles Girard. Ceratichthys Baird & Girard, 391 ; orthotype C. vigilax Baird & Girard (not of Baird & Girard, 1856). No description. Replaces Cliola Grd., 18S6. 472. B.\IRD & GIRARD ( 1853). Descriptions of Nnu Fishes from the River Zuni. Proc. .•\cad. Nat. Sci. Phila. Spencer Fullerton Baird; Charles Girard. Gila Baird & Girard, VI, 368; logotype Gila robusta Grd. 473. BLEEKER (1853). Diagnostische beschrivningen van nieuwe of weinig bekende visschsoorten van Batavia. Tintal I-IV, Nat. Tijdschr, Neder.- Indie, IV. 1853. Pieter Bleeker. Murasnichthys Bleeker, 506; orthotype M. gymnopterus Blkr. 474. BLEEKER (1853). Nicwa'c bijdrage tot de kennis de ichthyologische fauna van Ternatc en Halmaheira (Ciolo). Nat. Tijdschr. Neder. -Indie, IV. Pieter Bleeker, Polypterichthys Bleeker, II, 608; orthotype P. valentini Blkr. .'K synonym of AULOSTOMUS. 475. BLEEKER (1853). Zcvende bijdrage tot de kennis dcr ichthyologische fauna van Borneo. Zoctti.,y, and in Texas by Capt. Stewart Van I'liet, U.S.A. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. Spencer Fullerton Baird; Charles Girakd. Herichthys Haird & Girard, 25; haplotype II. cvanoguttatus Baird & Girard. \ sjnunyni of Heros Heckcl. itself a synonym of Astro.notis Sw. Ailurichthys Baird & Girard, 26; haplotype Silurus marinus Mitchill (name corrected to /Eluricuthys by Gill). .A synonym of Bacre (Cuvicr) Oken, 1817, and Felichtiiys Sw., 1839. Astyanax Baird & Girard, 26; haplotype A. argentatus Biard & Girard. 491. UAiRI) & GIRARD (1854). Notice of a Nerv Genus of Cyprinidir (Cochlog- nalhusj. Proc. .Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. Spe.vcer Fullerton Bairo; Charles Girarp. Cochlognathus ilaird & Girard, 150; haplotype C. ornatus Baird & Girard. 492. BLEEKER (1854). Species piscium bataviensium nnva- vel minus cognitir. Nat. Tijdschr. Nedcr. Indie, VI. PlETER BlEEKER. Seriolichthys BIcckcr, VI, 196; orthotype Seriola bipinnulata Q. & G. A syiio n\m iif Elacatis Bennett 256 THE GEXERA OF FISHES. PART II 493. BLEEKER (1854). Bijdragc tot de kcnnis der ichthyologische fauna van het eiland Flores. Nat Tijdschr. Neder.-Indie, VI, 1854, 311-338. PlETER BlEEKER. Apogonichthys Bleeker, 321 ; logotype A. perdix Blkr. Labrichthys Bleeker. 415; orthotype L. cyanot^enia Blkr. 494. BLEEKER (1854). Vijfde bijdrage tot de kennis der ichthyologische fauna I'on Amboina. Nat. Tijdschr. Neder.-Indie, VI. PiETER Bleeker. Tropidichthys Bleeker, VI, 501 ; logotype T. margaritatus Blkr. A synonym of Canthigaster Sw. 494A. BLEEKER (1854). Bijdrage tot de Kennis van de ichthyologische fauna van Celebes. Nat. Tidschr. Neder.-Indie, VII. PiETER Bleeker. Chonerhinos Bleeker, 259 ; ortliotype Tetraoiwn modestus Blkr. ; replaces Xenop- terus Bibron (1855). 495. BRANDT (1854). (Belonopsis.) Mem. Acad. Sci. St. Petersbourg. Johann Friedrich Brandt. Belonopsis Brandt, 174; orthotype Leptorhynchus leuchtenbergi Lowe. Substi- stitute for Leptorhynchus, preoccupied ; a synonym of Nemichthys Rich. 496. COSTA (1854). Fauna del regno di Napoli, ossia enumerasione di tutti gli animali che abitano le diverse regioni di questo regno e le acque che le bagnano; contenente la descrisione di nuovi o foco estattamente conosciuii; con figure ricavata da original viventi c defintc al naturalc di O. G. Costa (continuata da A. Costa). Oronzio Gabriele Costa. Helmichthys Costa, tavola 31; orthotype H. dlnphanus Costa. .\ larva of Conger. 497. EGERTON (1854). On Some New Genera and Species of Fossil Fishes. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., XIII. Philip de Malpas Grey Ecerton. .ffichmodus Egerton, X, 367; logotype Tetragonolepis confluens Ag. (fossil). A substitute for Tetragonolepis Ag., not of Bronn. A synonym of Dapedium Leach. Histionotus Egerton, XIII, 434; orthotype H. annularis Egert. (fossil). Legnonotus Egerton, III, 435; orthotype L. cothamiensis Egert. (fossil). 498. EGERTON (1854). Palceichthyologic Notes. ..Supplemental to the Works of Prof. Agassis. Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. On a fossil (Dipteronotus CYPiirs) from the upper beds of the new red sandstone at Bromsgrove, X. Philip de Malpa.s Grey Egerton. Dipteronotus Egerton, X, 369; orthotype D. cyphus Egert. 499. EICHWALD (1854). Lethcca Rossica. ou Palcntotogie de la Riissie dicrite et Agurec. Carl EIduard von Eichwald. Thyestes Eichwald, 1, 108; orthotype T. verrucosus Eichw. (fossil). 500. GIBBONS (1854). Description of New Species of Viviparous Marine and fresh-water fishes, from the Bay of San Francisco and from the River and Lagoons of the Sacramento. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. I'hila., VII. (These GIBBONS, 1854 257 genera were printed in advance, in the local proceedings of the society, in the Daily Placer Times and Transcript, San Francisco, May and June, 1854 (the genus Mytilophacus excepted.) W^iLLiAM p. Gibbons. Hysterocarpus Gibbons, May 18; orthotypc H. traski Gibbons (later published in Proc. Acad. S'at. Sci. Phila.). Cymatogaster Gibbons, May 18; haplotypc C. accregatus Gibbons (not Cymato- CASTER of Gibbons, Proc. Acad. S'at. Sci. Phila., 1854, 123, or of Placer Times, Iiini- 21. which is a synonym of Holconotus Ag.) Hyperprosopon Gibbons. May 18; orthotype H. argenteus Gibbons. Micrometrus Gibbons, May 30; restricted by Alexander .\gassiz, 1861, to logotype M .Mi.siMUS Gibbons. Replaces Abkuna Grd. Pachylabrus Gibbons, June 21 ; orthotype P. variecatus Gibbons. A synonym of RlIACOCHlLUS Ag. 501. GIBBONS (1854). Description of Xcw Species of I'iviparous Marine and Fresh-water Fishes, from the Bay of San Francisco, and from the River and Lagoons of the Sacramento. Proc. .\cad. Xat. Sci. Phila., 1854, \'II. William P. Gibbons. In this paper are repeated the descriptions in the Daily Placer Times and Transcript, with the addition of the genus Mvtilofhagus, and the transfer of the name Cymatogaster to the group called Holconotus by Anassiz. Mytilophagus Gibbons, 125; orthotypc M. fasciatus Gibbons (not in the Placer Times). A synonym of Amphistichus Ag. 502. GIR.\RD (1854). On a Xew Genus of American Colloids. Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., IV (for 1851), 1854. Charles pRfeoiRic Girari). Triglopsis (iirard. IV, 10; haplotypc T. thompsoni Grd. Name changed on account of the earlier Trigu>p.s to Ptyonotus by Gthr., I860; this change is not necessary. 502A. GIRARD (1854). Description of .\ew Fishes Collected by A. L. Ilecrmann. Saturalist Attached lo the Sunry of the Pacific Railroad, Under Lieut. R. S. II illiams. U. S. A. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., VII. Charles pRfentRic Giraro. Aspicottus Girard, 130; orthotype A., bison Grd. Leptocottus (iirard. 130; orthotypc L. armatus Grd. Scorpaenichthys Girard, 131; orthotype Hemitripterus makmuratus .\yres. Ophiodon Girard, 133; orthotype O. ki.ongatus Grd. Atherinopsis Girard. 134; orthniype .\. taliforniensis Grd. Pogonichthys Girard. 136; logniype Pogoniciithys iN^tQUiLonus Baird & Girard. Lavinia Girard, 137; haplotypc L. exilicauda Baird & Girard. Platichthys Girard. 139; orthotype P. Rucost's Grd. ^ Pleuronkctks steixatus I'allnv Pleuronichthys Girard. 139; orthotype P. ctT.NOsus Grd. Parophrys Girard, 139; orthotype P. vetuh;s Grd. Psettichthys fJirard. 140; orthotype P melandstictus Grd. 503 GIR.XRI) (1854). Enumeration of the Species of Marine Fishes Collected at San Francisco, California, by Dr. C. B. R. Kennerly, Saturalist, Attached to 258 THE GENERA OF FISHES, PART II the Survey of the PaciHc Railroad Route Under Lieut. A. IV. J'Vhipt>le. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., VIII. Charles Frederic Girard. Porichthys Girard, 141 ; orthofype P. notatus Grd. Heterostichthus Girard, 143 ; orthotype H. rostratus Grd. Apodichthys Girard, ISO; logotype A. flavidus Grd. Phanerodon Girard, 153; orthotype P. furcatus Grd. 504. GIRARD (18S4). Abstract of a Report to Lieut. James M. Giltiss, U. S. N.. Upon the Fishes Collected During the U. S. Naval Astronomical Expedition to Chili. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. (Complete report printed in 18S5.) Gharles Frederic Girard. Percichthys Girard, 197 ; logotype Perca trucha Cuv. & Val. Percilia Girard, 197; orthotype P. gillissi Grd. Easilichthys Girard, 198; orthotype Atherina microlepidota Jenyns. Heterognathus Girard, 198 ; logotype Atherina humboldtiana, Cuv. & Val. A synonym of Chirostoma Sw. Nematogenys Girard, 198; orthotype Trichomvcterus inermis Guich. Cheirodon Girard, VII, 199; orthotype Cheirodon pisciculus Grd. Name spelled Chirodon by Giinther. 505. GIRARD (1854). Notice Upon the Viviparous Fishes Inhabiting the Pacific Coast of North America, with an Enumeration of the Species Observed. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., VII. Gharles Frederic Girard. Damalichthys Girard, 321 ; orthotype D. vacca Grd. = Embiotoca argyrgsoma Grd. Abeona Girard, 322; orthotype A. trovvbridgei Grd. A synonym of Micrometrus Gibbons, as restricted by A. Agassiz (1861). Ennichthys Girard, 322; logotype Holconotus mf.galops Grd. A synonym of Hyperprosopon Gibbons. 506. GRONOW (1854). Catalogue of Fishes Collected and Described by Laurence Theodore Gronow, Now in the British Museum. Edited from the manuscript, by Albert Giinther (written about 1770, an admirable paper, had it seen the light 80 years earlier). LORENZ TlIEODOR GrONOW. (Laurentius Thcodorus Gronovius.) Pastinaca Gronow. 11; logotype P. l.evis Gronow. Raja pastinaca Gronow. A synonym of Dasyatis Raf. Holacanthus Gronow, 23; orthotype II. leionothos Gronow. Name preocupied : a synonym of Tetraodon L. as understood. Cestreus Gronow, 49; orthotype C. carolinensis Gronow. Name preoccupied by Cestreus McCl. ; equivalent to Cvnoscion Gill. Boops Gronow, 58; orthotype B. asper Gronow =-= Priacanthus boops Cuv. .\ syno- nym of Priacanthus Cuv. Gonopterus Gronow, 77; orthotype G. mcerens Gronow. A synonym of Zanclus Cuv. Adonis Gronow, 93; logotype A. pavoninus Gronow = Blennius ocellaris L. A synonym of Blen.nmus L. Gonocephalus Gronow, 105 ; orthotype G. .macrocepiialu.s Gronow = Tricla volitans L. A synonym of Dactyloiterus Lac. HECKEi., 1854 259 Sarda Gronow, 119; logotype Sarda immaculata Gronow = Scomber pelagicus L., not of Cuvier; a synonym of Coryph-bna L. Thynnus Gronow, 121 ; logotype T. moluccensis Gronow ; name preoccupied ; a synonym of Scombekoides Lac. Trachums Gronow, 124 ; logotype T. cordvla L. Name preoccupied ; same as Me<;ai-.^spis Blkr. Merlucius Gronow, 129; orthotype M. lanatus Gronow. Same as Merluccius Raf. Glanis Gronow, 135; orthotype G. imberdis Gronow = Mystus chihala Ham. .\ species of KoTOPTERi's. Name preoccupied. Macrognathus Gronow, 147; logotype Centriscus scoi-opax L. Name preoccupied; a synonym of Macrorhamphosus Lac. Chromis Gronow, 149; orthotype C. epicurorum Gronow = Gasterosteus salta- TRix L. Name preoccupied; a synonym of Pomatomus Lac. Cephalinus Gronow, 159; logotype Blennius torvus. A synonym of Conciopus Perry (.Acriopus Cuv.). Trichopterus Gronow, 162; orthotype T. indicus Gronow = Cheilodactylus KASciATUs Lac. A synonym of Cheilouactylus Lac. Cordylus Gronow, 103; orthotype Sco.\iber sco.mbrus L. A synonym of Scomber L. Mystus Gronow, 165; type M. c.^R0LlNENSIS Gray. Name preoccupied; a synonym of Bacre Cuv. = Felichthys Sw. Lepturus Gronow. 165 ; orthotype Lepturus brevirostris Gronow = Coryph^noides RUi'ESTRis Gimner. A synonym of Coryph^snoides Gunner. Dascillus Gronow, 171 ; type not named ; a clupeid fish, part of the description lost ; n.ii DAScyLLi;,S Cuv. Amia Gronow, 173; orthotype A. perc.eformis Gronow = Apocon moluceensis Blkr. This is the lirst use of the name Amia by a binomial author (after Gronow's non-binomial use in 1763) in place of Apocon Lac. This was followed afterward by Bleeker, Gill and others. Stethochztus Gronow, 174; orthotype S. biguttatus Gronow; a synonym of Setipinna Sw. (Telara Gthr.). Acronurus Gronow, 190; logotype Teuthis hepatus L. A synonypm of Hepatus or Teuthis. 507. MECKEL (1854). Ucber fossile Fischc aus Chiavon und das geologische AlU-r dcr sic enlhallendcn schichlcn. Sitzb. Akad. Wiss. Wien, IX, 1854, 322-334. JoHANN Jacob Meckel Galeodes lluckel, XI, 324; orthotype Galeocerdo priscus Zigno (fossil). A fossil ally of Galeocerdo. 508 MECKEL (1854). Bcricht ucbcr die fom llrrrn Cavalicre Aclulle dc Z\gno hier unyelangle Sammtung fossiler Fische. Sitzb. Akad. Wiss. Wien, XI, 1854. JoUANN Jacob Meckel Solenorhynchus Meckel, XI, 126; orthotype S. elegans Meckel (fossil). Enneodon Meckel XI, 127; orthotype E. echinus Meckel (fossil). Name pre- "tni|)ii(l. replaced by Mkitadkido.n ; a fos.sil ally of Diodon. Vomeropsis Meckel, XI, 134; logotype Vomer i^)Ngispinus Ag. (fossil). 509. HYRTL (1854). Beilrag zur Anatomic von Heterotis ehrcnbergii C. el I'. Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien, VIII Carl Joseph Hyrtl (1811-1894). 260 THE GENERA OF FISHES, PART 11 Helicobranchus Hyrtl. VIII. 73; orthotype Sudis niloticus Cuv. & Val. A sub- stitute for Heterotis Ehrenb. ; preoccupied, already replaced by Clupisudis Sw., 1839. 510. KNER (18S4). Die Panserwelze des K. K. Hofnaturalien-Cabinetcs zu Wien. I. Abtheilung, Loricarina. Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien, 1854. (An abstract in Sitzb. Akad. Wiss. Wien, X, 113.) Rudolph Kner. Hemiodon Kner, about 65 ; logotype H. depressus Kner. Acestra Kner, 93 ; orthotype A. acus Kner. Naiue preoccupied ; replaced by Farlowella Eigenmann (1890). 511. KNER (1854). Die Hypostomidcn. Zweite Hauptgruppe der Familie der PanzerHsche (Loricata vel Goniodontcs). Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien, 1853. This paper appeared in 1854, an abstract in Sitzb. Akad. Wiss. Wien, 1853. Rudolph Kner. Ancistnis Kner VII, 272; logotype Hypostomus temmincki Val, as restricted by Bleeker, 1863; Eigenmann (1912) indicates as type A. cirrhoscs Kner, a congeneric species. 512. MARCUSEN (1854). VorlduAge Mitthcilung aus einer Abhandlung iiber die Fatnilie der Mormyren. Bull. Acad. Sci. St. Petersb., XII. JOHANN MarCUSEN Petrocephalus Marcusen, XII, 10; orthotype Mormyrus bane Val. 513. OWEN (1854). Descriptive Catalogue of the Fossil Organic Remains of Reptilia and Pisces Contained in the Museum of the Royal College of Surgeons of England. London, XIX. Richard Owen. Eucynodus Owen, 160; orthotype E. hunteri Owen (fossil). Acropoma Owen, 164; orthotype A. alta Owen (fossil). Name preoccupied by ACROPOMA T. & S. Toxopoma Owen, 164 orthotype T. politum Owen (fossil). Cariniceps Owen, 165; orthotype C. compressus Owen (fossil); name only, referred by Woodward to synonym of Eothynnus. Platygenys Owen, 165; orthotype P. rugosus Owen (fossil). Pygacanthus Owen, 166; orthotype P. alius Owen (fossil). Planesox Owen, 169; orthotype P. vorax Owen (fossil). Name only, noted by Woodward, Cat., V, 519, 1901. Same as Percostoma Ag. Platops Owen, 170; orthotype P. subulidens Owen (fossil). Undefined; supposed to be a synonym of Brych.15TUS (Ag.) Sciaenurus Owen, 171; orthotype S. longior Owen (fossil). Name only; noted by Woodward, Cat., 519, 1901. 514. POEY (1854). Nuevo genera de peces Escombridos, Epinnula magistralis Pocy. Memorias dc Cuba, 1. KixiPE Poey y Aloy (1799-1891). Epinnula Poey, 1, 369 (April, 1854) ; orthotype E. magistralis Poey. 515. POEY (1854). Los Guajacones, peces de agua duke. Memorias de Cuba,, I. (June, 1854.) Felipe Poey y Aloy. Gambusia Poey. I, 382; orthotype G. punctata Poey. RAPP. 1854 261 Girardinus Pocy I, 3S3; orthotype G. metallicus Poey. A syonym of Heteran- iiKiA Ag, as restricted by Poey. Limia I'ocy, I, 382; orthotype L. cl'bensis Poey. A synonym of Pcecilia Cuv. (Alazon Gistel). 516. RAPP (1854). Die l-ischc dcs Bodciisi-cs unlersucht und beschrieben. Jahresschr. \'er. N'atcrl. Naturg. Wurtcnibcrg. X. WlLHELM LUDWIC VON RaPP. Utnbla Kapp. 32; orthotype Salmo umbla = Salvelinus alpinus L. A synonym of Salvelinus Rich. 517 RICHARDSON (1854). Vertebrates, Including Fossil Mammals. (In Forbes. Edward (editor), The Zoology of the Voyage of H.M.S. "Herald," Under the Command of Caftain Henry Keltett, R. N., During the Years 1845-1851. London. John Ricuaroson. Prilonotus (Muller) Richardson; orthotype P. caudacacinctus Rich. A synonym of Canthigaster Sw. or Psilonotus Sw. Anchisomus (Kaup) Richardson, 156; logotype Tetraodon spengleri Bloch. A synonym of Sphkroides L. as restricted. 518 THIOLLIfiRE (1854). Description des foissons fossiles provcnant des gise- ments eoratliens du Jura dans le Bugey. Lyons. Victor Joseph de l'Isle Thiolli^re. Holochondrus ThioUiere. 4; orthotype (not named) (name only) (fossil). Spathobatis 1 hiollierc, 7; orthotype S. blgesiacus Thiollierc (fossil). Belemnobatis Thiollierc, 8; orthotype B. sis.mond,€ ThioUiere (fossil. Phorcynus Thiollierc. 9; orthotype P. catulina ThioUiere (fossil). .'\n ally of SuLATlNA Dum. 519. TROSCHEL (1854).- I'cber die fossilien Fische aus der Braunkohte des Siebengebirges. Verh. Naturh. Ver. Prcuss. Rheinl. Westphal. I'RANZ Hermann Troscuel. Tarsichthys Troschcl, XI, 11; orthotype Leuciscus tarsiger Troschel (fossil). .\ fossil analogue of Tinca Cuv. 1855 520. AGASSIZ (1855). Synopsis of the Uhthyologicat Fauna of the Pacific Slope of North America, Chiefly from the Collections Made by the Expedition Under the Command of Captain C. Wilkes, etc. Amcr. Journ. Sci., XIX. Louis Agassiz. Bubalichthys /Xgassiz, 192 ; orthotype Carpiodes urus Ag. Regarded as a synonym of IcTiimfs Raf. Ptychostomus .Agassiz, 203; logotype Catostomus aureolus Lc Sueur. A synonym of Moxo.sTo.MA Raf. Hylomyzon .Xga-ssiz, 205; liaplotype Catosomus nigricans Lc Sueur. A synonym of HVPENTELIUM Raf. Acrocheilus .Agassiz. 211; orthotype Leuciscus alutaceus Rich. Campostoma .Agassiz, 218; orthotype Rutilus anomalus Raf. Hyborhynchus .Agassiz. 223; haplotypc Minnills notatus Raf. Hybognathus .Agassiz, 223; haplotypc H. nuchalis Ag. 262 THE GENERA OF FISHES, PART II Ptychocheilus Agassiz, 227 ; logotype Ptychocheilus gracilis Ag. ^ Cyprinus OREGONENSIS Rich. Mylocheilus Agassiz, 229; haplotype Mylocheilus lateralis Ag. 521. AYRES (1855). Description of New species of Calif ornia Fishes. Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., I, 1855. Willi M O. Ayres. Leptogunnellus Ayres, 26; ortliotype L. gracilis Ayres. A synonym of Lumpenus. Anarrhichthys Ayres, I, 33 ; orthotype A. ocellatus Ayres. Mylopharodon Ayres, 33; orthotype M. robustus Ayres. Cebedichthys Ayres, I, 59; orthotype C. violaceus Ayres. Notorhynchus Ayres, I, 72; orthotype N. maculatus Ayres. Calycilepidotus Ayres, I, 76; orthotype C. spinosus Ayres. 522. BASILEWSKI (1855). Ichthyographia Chinee Borealis. Nouv. Mem. Soc. Nat. Moscou, X. Stephanus Basilewski. Nasus Basilewski, 234 ; orthotype Cyprinus nasus L. A synonym of Chon- DROSTOMA Ag. Leptocephalus Basilewski, 234 ; logotype L. mongolicus Basilewski. Name pre- occupied in eels ; replaced by Chanodichthys Blkr. Cephalus Basilewski, 235; orthotype C. mantschuricus Basilewski. Name pre- occupied; a synonym of Hypophthalmichthys Blkr. Culter Basilewski, 236; logotype C. alburnus Basilewski, as restricted by Bleeker and Giinther. Under the head of Culter Basilewski mentions especially (Cyprinus cultratus L.) the type of Pelecus Ag., although he does not exactly specify this as type. He then proceeds to describe certain Chinese species. For some of these the name Culter has been kept, although Basilewski plainly intended to make his type Cyprinus cultratus, in which case Culter would be a synonym of Pelecus.' At present we follow the authority of Bleeker and Giinther. Eperlanus Basilewsky, 242; orthotype E. chinensis Basilewsky = Salanx hyalo- CRANius Abbott. Name preoccupied; a synonym of Salanx Cuv. Osteoglossum Basilewski, X, 244; logotype O. prionostoma Basilewski. Name preoccupied by Osteoglossum Vandelli. A synonym of Ch.stomus McCl. Apterigia Basilewski, 247 ; logotype A. saccocularis Basilewski. A synonym of Monopterus Lac. or Fluta B1. & Schn. 523. BIANCONI (1855). Specimiua zoologica Mosambicana quibus vel nova- vel minus notce animalium species illustrantur. Bononice. Giovanni Giuseppe Bianconi (1809-1878). Megalepis Bianconi, 270; orthotype M. alessandrai Bianconi (~ Upenoides vit- tatus, fide Giinther). A synonym of Upenoides Blkr. 524. BIBRON (1855). Note sur un travail inedit de Bibron relatif aux poissons plcctonnathes gymnodontcs (Diodons ct Tetrodons). Rev. Mag. Zool., VIII. Gabriel Bibron. This is an important piece of work, but left incomplete at the death of its author, hence becoming in some degree a stumbling block in taxonomy. It was ably continued with the same material by Ilollard in 1857. Edited by Augustc Henri Dumeril. Promecocophalus Bibron, 279 ; orthotype TETRAnDoN l,evigatus L. A synonym of Lagocephalus Sw. BI.EEKER, 1854 263 Dilobomycter [y Blcekcr as identical with Monotreta (=Leioix)N). A syno- nym of Leiodon Sw. Xenopterus Bibron, 281 ; orthotypc X. bellengeri Bibron = Tetraodon naritus Rich. .'\ synonym of Chonerhinos Blkr. (1854). Chonerhinos has clear priority, as claimed by Bleeker. 525 BLEEKER (1855). Over eenigc visschen van I'an Dicmcnsland. Verb. .Akad. Amsterdam, H, 1855, 1-30. PiETER Bleeker. Upeneichthys Blcekcr, 7; orthotypc Upenehs porosus Cuv. & Val. Brachionichthys Blcekcr, II, 12; logotype B. politus Blkr. Gnathanacanthus Blcekcr, II, 21; orthotypc G. goetzi Blkr. Replaces Holoxenus Gthr. 526 BLEEKER (1855). Dcrde bii'drage tot dc kennis der ichthyologische fauna van dc Kokos-eitanden. .Vcder. Tijdschr. Dierk., III. Pieter Bleeker. Amphiprionichthys Bleeker, HI, 172; orthotypc Micropus unipinna Gray. Re- pl.iccs Micropus Gray, preoccupied. 527 BLEEKER (1855). Bijdrage tot de kennis der ichthyologische fauna van de lialoe-eilanden. Nat Tijdschr. Nedcr. -Indie, VIII. Pieter Bleeker, Dinematichthys Blcekcr, 318; orthotypc D. iluoccetoides Blkr. 528 BLEKKKR (1855). I'isschen ran de Duisend-eilnnden N.il Tijdschr Nedcr.-Indic. VIII, 1855, 344. Pieter Bleeker. 264 THE GENERA OF FISHES, PART II Serranichthys Bleeker, 344; orthotype Serranus altivelis Cuv. & Val. A syno- nym of Cromileptes Sw. as restricted by Bleeker and by Swain. 529. BLEEKER (1855). Zcsde bijdrage tot de kennis der ichthyologische fauna van Ainboina. Nat. Tijdschr. Neder-Indie, VIII. PiETER Bleeker. Uraspis Bleeker, VI, 418; orthotypt U. carangoides Blkr. Near Selenia Bon.; perhaps a synonym of the latter. 530. BLEEKER (1855). Nale-ingen op de visch fauna van Sumatra. Visschen van Lahat en Sibogha. Nat. Tijdschr. Neder.-Indie, IX, 1855, 257-280. Pieter Bleeker. Luciosoma Bleeker, IX, 258; orthotype Barbus Cuv. & Val. Schismatorhynchos Bleeker, IX. 258; orthotype Lobocheilus heterorhynchos Blkr. Clupeichthys Bleeker, IX, 275; orthotype C. goniognathus Blkr. A synonym of Corica Ham. Epalzeorhynchos Bleeker, IX. 279, 258; orthotype Barbus kalopterus Blkr. 531. BRONN (1855). Lethcca Gcogiwstico. oder Abbildungen und Beschreigen der fiir die Gebirgs-Formation be:ciclineudsteii Versteinerungen. Stuttgart, Ed. I, 1834; Ed. III. 1855. Heinrich Gmrg Bronn (1800-1862). Archaeoteuthis (Rocmer) Bronn, I, 520, ed. Ill; orthotype Pteraspis dunensis Huxley (fossil). A synonym of Pteraspis Kner. Heptadiodon Bronn, III, 677; orthotype Enneodon echinus Heckel (fossil). Name substitute for Enneodon Heckel, preoccupied. 532. CASTELNAU (1855). Expedition dans les parties centrales de I'Amerique du Sud, de Rio de Janeiro a Lima, et de Lima a Para; executee . . . pendant Ics annees 1834 a 1844. (Tome 3.) (Comte) Francois L. de Laporte de Castelnau (1812-1880). Plataxoides Castelnau, 21; orthotype P. dumerih Castelnau. A synonym of Pterophyllum Heckel. Genidens Castelnau, 33; tautotype Bagrus genidens Cuv. & Val. = Genidens cuviERi Castelnau. Sternarchorhynchus Castelnau, 95; orthotype Sternarchus oxyrhynchus M. & T. = Sternarchorhynchus mulleri Castelnau; replaces Rhampho- STERNARCHUS Gthr., 1870. Acanthodetnus Castelnau: logotype IIypostomus aurantiacus Castelnau; name in French only (AcANTHoniMEs), latinized by Marschall (Nomcnclator Zoologicus, 1873). 533. COSTA (1855). Su di un nuovn gcncre di pcsce fossile (Cacus). Atti Reale Accad. Sci. Napoli, II. Oronzio Gabriele Costa. Cacus Costa, II. 234. (Noted by Dean and Eastman, not by Woodward. Prob- ably a misprint for C,«us Costa (C. leopoldi, 1864).) 534. EGERTON (1855). Fish: ... (In Figures and Descriptions of British Organic Remains.) Mem. Geol. Surv. United Kingdom. Philip de Malpas Grey Egerton. Oxygnathus Egerton, VIII, Xo. 9; orthotype O. ornatus Egcrt. (fossil). KiLiiMM, 1855 265 535. FILIPPI (18S5). (Gadopsis.) Zcitschr. Akad. Wiss. Wicn, VII. FiLippo DE F'lLippi (1814-1867). Gadopsis Filippi. VII. 170; orthotypc Olkwpus ater Risso. Name preoccupied by G.MHipsis Rich. (1844) It may be replaced by the new name, Verater Jor- dan, orthotype Olicopus ater Risso. 536 HOLBROOK (1855). Ichthyology of South Carolina. (Edition of 1855 nearly but not all destroyed by fire; replaced in 1860 by a second edition. The generic names should date from 1855. John Edwards Holbrook (1796-1871). Diplectrum Holbrook, 32: orthotype D. fasicularis Holbrook = Perca FORMOSA L. Lagodon Holbrook. 59; orthotype Sparus rhomboides L. Bothrolaemus Holbrook. 80; orthotype Tr.\chinotus pampanus Cuv. & Val. (Trachinotl's carolinus). a synonym of Trachinotus. Homoprion Holbrook, 168 (second edition, 1860); orthotype H. lanceolatus Holbrook. A synonym of Stellifer (Cuvier) Oken. 537 K.MJP (1855). Enchclynassa. ncue Galtw\g aus dcr Familic dcr Aale. \tc\\. N'aturgesch. XXI. JoHANN Jacob Kaup. Enchclynassa Kaup, 213; orthotypc E. bleekeri Kaup. Perhaps the same as Ench- lycore Kaup (1856). 538 K.AUP ( 1855). I' ebersichi Ubcr die Species einigcr Familien der Sclerodermen. Wiegmann's Arch. Naturg., XXI. Johann Jacob Kaup. Cibotion (Kaup), 215; orthotype OsTRACto.N cubicus L. .A synonym of Ostra- cioN as here restricted. Capropygia (Gray) Kaup, 220; orthotypc C. l'NISTRIata Gray. Centaurus Kaup, 221 ; orthotype Ostracion boops Rich. A larva of Mola. Kentrocapros Kaup, 221 ; orthotype Ostracio.n aculeatus Houttuyn. Anoplocapros Kaup, 221 ; orthotypc A. crayi Kaup. Dicotylichthys Kaup, 230; orthotype D. punctulatus Kaup. Cyanichthys Kaup, 231 ; orthotype C. c.«rulf.i:s Kaup (not of Q. & G.) = Diodon TicRiNus Cuv. A synonym of Chiuimycterus Bibron. Cyclichthys Kaup, 231 ; logotype Diodon orbicularis Bloch. Pyrodon Kaup; orthotype Balistes nicer Lac. Name a substitute for Xenodon, preoccupied. Later than Zenodon Sw., Odonus Gistel and Ervthrodon Ruppcll. substitutes for Xenodon. 539 KNER ( 1855). Ichthyologischc Beitrdgc. Abh. Sitzb. Akad. Wiss. Wicn, XVII Rudolf Knf.r. Bunocephalus Kncr. XVII, 95; type B. vekritcosus Bloch. Oxydoras Kncr. XVII. 115; orthotypc Doras nicer Kncr. not of Val. - Oxvdobas KSKRi I'.lkr Clarotes Kiicr. XVII. 313; orlliolype Pi.mri.odus laticeps Ruppell. Pareiodon Kncr. XVII. 611; orthniypr P microps Kner. Spelled Pahiodon by Giinthcr. 540 M'COV (1855). Drscriplwns n( the Rrilish Pala-osoic Fossils in the Gfo- logical Afuseum of the University of Cambridge. Frederick M'Cov. Diplopterax .Vl'Coy, 586; orthotype (D. MACROLEPtnoTUS Ar.) (fossil) Name a substitute for Diploptf.rus, preoccupied 266 THE GENERA OF FISHES, PART 11 Triplopterus M'Coy, 589; orthotype Tripterus pollexfeni M'Coy (fossil). A synonym of Osteolepis ; name a substitute for Tripterus, preoccupied. Poecilodus M'Coy, 638; logotype P. jonesi (Ag.) M'Coy (fossil) as restricted by Woodward. Pristicladodus M'Coy. 642; orthotype P. dentatus M'Coy (fossil). A synonym of DicRENODUS Romanovskii. 541. MEYER (1855). Physichthys honingshausi aus dem Uebcrgatigskalkc der Eifel. Palaeontographica, IV. Hermann Meyer. Physichthys Meyer, IV, 80; orthotype Asterolepis hceningshausi Ag. (fossil). A synonym of Macropetalichthys. 542. NILSSON (1855). Skandinavisk fauna. Fjerde Delen : Fiskarna. Lund. XXXIV. SVEN NiLSSON. Blenniops Nilsson, IV, 184; orthotype Blennius galerita Pennant, not of Linnaeus. A synonym of Chirolophis Sw. Ctenodon Nilsson, IV, 190; orthotype Clinus maculatus Fries. Name three times preoccupied ; replaced by Leptoclinus Gill. 543. PETERS (1855). Uebersicht der in Mossambique beobachteten Seefische. Monatsber. Akad. Wiss. Berlin. WiLHELM Carl Hartwig Peters. Ctenopoma Peters, XXI, 1, 247; orthotype C. multispinis Peters, not Ctenopoma of Heckel, 1856. Pteragogus Peters XXI 261 ; orthotype Cossyphus opercularis Peters. Anosmius Peters, XXI, 274 ; orthotype T. t.eniatus Peters. A synonym of C^bn- thigaster Sw. Ccclonotus Peters XXI, 465 ; orthotype C. argulus Peters. 544. ROEMER (1855). Palaotcuthis, cine Galtung nakter Cephalopoden in devonischen Schichten der Eifel. Palxontographica, IV. Carl Ferdinand von Roemer. Palasoteuthis Roemer, IV, 72; orthotype Pteraspis dunensis Huxley (fossil)) (wrongly supposed to be a cuttle-fish). A synonym of Pteraspis Kner. 545. STORER (1855). A History of the Fishes of Massachusetts. Mem. Amar. Acad. Arts. Sci. Boston, V. David Humphreys Storer. Cheilonemus (Raird) Storer, 285; haplotype Leuciscus pulchellus Storer = Cyprinus corporalis Mitchill. Same as Leucosomus Heckel, regarded as preoccupied by Leucosoma. 546 VALENCIENNES (1855). Ichthyologie de la Voyage de la VSnus. AcHri.LE Valenciennes. Doydixodon Valenciennes; orthotype D. freminvillei Val. Passer (Klein) Valenciennes, 344; haplotype P. marchionessarum Val. Name preoccupied in birds. A synonym of Platophrys Sw. Smecticus Valenciennes, 305; orthotype Smecticus bicolor Val. .\ synonym of Rypticus. ACASSiz, 1856 207 1856 547 AGASSIZ (1856). The Habits of the Giants of Aristotle. Proc. Amer. Acad. Sci. Arts. Sci. III. Louis Acassiz. Glanis Agassi? ; orthotypc Gl.vnis aristotelis .Ag. ; not GL.^^■ls Ag., 1829, a sub- stitute for Bacre; not Glanis Gronow. 18S4. Same as Parasilurus Blkr. 548 .\SMUSS (18S6). Das vollkommenste Hautskelcl der bisher bekannten Thierreihe. An fossilien Fischcn des altcn rolhen Sandsteins auf^cfundetK und tins ihren Reilen crliiutcrt. Abli. Eriangung der Magisterwurde, Dorpat. Her.\iann .'Vsmuss. Heterosteus .\sniu-s, 7; orthotypc .Asterolepis asmussi .\g. .\ synonym of Ich- riivosAUROiDES Kutorga. Homostius Asmuss, 8; orthotypc H. formosissimus .\smuss (fossil). (Name cor- rected to HOMOSTEUS.) 549. ULEEKER (1856). Beschrijiniingcn van nieuwe en -veinig bekende visch- soorten fan Amboina, I'ersameld o/> cene rets door den Molukschen Arehil^el, gedaan in hel gevolg van den Gouverneur-Gencraal Duymaer van Tu'isI in September en October, 1855. .Act. Soc. Sci. Indo-Nederl., I. PlETER BlEEKER. Pteroidichthys Blecker, I, i3; orthotypc P. amboinensis Rlkr. Duymaeria Bleeker, 1. 52; logotype Crenilabrus aurigaria Rich. 550. BLEEKER (1856). Beschrijvningcn van nieuwe en weinig bekende visch- soortcn van Menadu en Makassar grootendcels verzamcld op ecne reis naar den Molukschen Archipel in het gevolg van den Gouvcrneur-General Duymaer van Twist. Act. Soc. Sci. Indo-Nederl., I. PlETER BlEEKER. Heterophthalmus Bleekcr, 43; orthotypc M. KATornoN Blkr. Xame preoccupied in liei-tUs, Blnnchard, 1851 . .\ synonym of Anomaloi'a Kner, 1858. Rhomboidichthys Blecker. I. 67; orthotypc R. myriaster Blkr. .\ synonym of Platopiirvs Sw. Leptocephalichthys Blecker, I. 69: orthotypc L. hvi'Ski.(is(ima Blkr A l.irval form allied to Conger. 551 BLKEKER (1856). Bijdrage lot dr tennis der ichthyologische fauna von het eiland lioeroe. Nat. Tijdschr. Nedcr. -Indie. XI. PlETER BlEEKER. Scorpaenichthy8 Bleekcr, XI, .385, 402; orthotypc ScorPvENa Gibbos. Name pn- 'KTcupied (Girard, 1854); a synonym of Scorp.enopsi.s Hcckel. Pholidichthys Blocker. 406; ortliotypc P. i.EUror.i^NiA Blkr. Gobiodon ( Kuhl &• Van Hassclt) Blecker, 407; logotype Gobius hetesospilus Blkr. Culius Blecker, 411 ; orthotypc Eleotris nicer Blkr. = Ciieilodiiterus cULifs Ham. A synonym of Elfotris as restricted. Butis Bleekcr, 42; orthotypc Bi-tis gymnotomus Blkr. (tautotype CHF.iLonirrERUS TERfs. Buns Ham.). 552 BLEEKER (1856). Bijdrage lot de kennis der ichthyologische fauna van \ias. Nat. Tijdschr Neder.-Indic. XH. PlETER BlESKER. 268 THE GENERA OF FISHES. PART II Solenognathus Bleeker, 218; orthotype Syngnathoides blochi Blkr. ; also written SoLEGNATHUs. A Synonym of Syngnathoides Blkr., equivalent to Gastero- TOKEUS Heckel. Xiphochilus Bleeker, 223 ; orthotype X. typus Blkr. 553. BLEEKER (1856). Nicuwe bijdrage tot dc kennis der ichthyologische fauna van Bali. Nat. Tijdschr. Neder.-Indie, XIII. PiETER Bleeker. Belobranchus Bleeker, 300 ; orthotype Eleotris belobrancha Cuv. & Val. 554. COSTA (1856). Ittiologia fossile Italiana. Edisione simile all' opera dell' Agassi: stii pesei fossili alia quale e destinata a sopplimento. Disp. v. Napoli. Oronzio Gabriele Costa. Dichelospondylus Costa, 13; orthotype D. longirostris Costa (fossil). A synonym of Belonostomus Ag. Ophirachis Costa, 13; orthotype O. deperditus Costa (fossil). Probably a synonym of Belonostomus. Anomiophthalmus Costa, 30; orthotype A. vetustus Costa (fossil). Probably identical with Ccelodus and Cosmodus and of earlier date than the latter. 555. DUMfiRIL (1856). Ichthyologie analytique ou classification des poissons, suivant la methode naturelle, a I'aide de tableaux synoptiques. Mem. Acad. Sci. Paris, XXVII. Andre Marie Constant Dumeril. Heptatrema C. Dumeril; orthotype Petromyzon cirbhatus Forster. A synonym of Eptatretus Cloquet. Pastinaca Dumeril; tautotype Raja pastinaca L. A synonym of Dasyatis Raf. Pterure Dumeril, 169; orthotype Syngnathus -equoreus Gmelin (name in French only). A synonym of Nerophis Raf. Peromere Dumeril, 170; logotype Syngnathus rondfxett De la Roche (name in I'Vcnch only). A synonym of Typhle or Typhlinus Raf. In this volume of Dumeril a list of genera of eels is given by Kaup in advance of its publication elsewhere. But in the same year, apparently before the appearance of Dunieril's work, Kaup published his Catalogue of Apodal Fishes, and several of the names given by him to Dumeril were dropped in this completed work. Auchenichthys (Kaup) Dumeril), 198; orthotype A. typus Kaup. Name only; an ally of Mur.enichthys. Leiurus (Kaup) Dumeril. 198; orthotype Mur.i;na colubrina Boddaert. Name twice preoccupied in Swainson ; replaced by Chlevastes Jordan & Snyder. Scytallurus (Kaup) Dumeril, 199; orthotype Sphagebranchus imberbis De la Roche. A synonym of C-ecula Vahl, 1794. Enchelycotte (Kaup) Dumeril, 200; orthotype Enchelycore eurhina Kaup. A manuscript name changed to Enchelycore when printed in 1854. Memarchus (Kaup) Dumeril. 201 ; orthotype Gymnotus albifrons L. No defini- tion ; a synonym of Apteronotus Lac. = Stkrnarciiu.s Cuv. Altona (Kaup) Dumeril, 201; orthotype Gymnotus rostratus L. (no definition), a synonym of Rhamphichthys M. & T. Unipertura (Kaup) Dumeril, 201; orthotype Unibranchapertura l.bvis Lac. An al)ridgmcnt of Unibranchapertura Lac; a synonym of F"luta 81. & Schn. if regarded as a new name. Giton (Kaup) Dumeril, 201; orthotype Gymnotus fasciatus Pallas. = Gym- notus CARAPO L. A synonym of Gymnotus L. .\o definition. ciRARD. 1856 269 Apterichthe C. Dumeril, 205; orthotype Mur^na cxca L. ; name in French only; Riven in Latin form, 1806. A synonym of Sphacebranchus Bloch. Macrops Dumeril. 279; orthotype Serrani's aculeatus (ocl'latus) Cuv. & Val. (name three times preoccupied). .A synonym of Etelis Cuv. & Val. Macrones Uumeril, 484; orthotype Bacrl's lamarrii Cuv. & Val. Name pre- occupied in beetles (Newman, 1841) ; replaced by .'\oria Jordan, type Bagrus lamarrii Cuv. & Val. Conostome (for Conostomus) Dumeril. 484; orthotype Pimelodus conirostris Cuv. & Val. Called Conorhvnchus by lilceker. Diplomyste (Le) Dumeril, 487; haplotype Arius papilixjsus Cuv. & Val. Latinized as DiPLO.MVSTES by Blecker; DipI-omvsta.x by Gunthcr. Hydrocion "ou mieux Hvdrocvni-S Dumeril," restricted to "une seule espece du Nil" (HvDROCYON forskali Cuv.). A synonym of Hydrocynus Cuv., 1817. 556,557. GIR.ARD (1856). Contributions to the Ichthyology of the Western Coast of Xorth America from Specimens in the Smithsonian Institute . . . Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. Charles Girard. Paralabrax Girard. 131 ; orthotype Labrax nebulifer Grd. Homalopomus Girard. 132; orthotype H. trowbridce Grd. A synonym of Mer- Luccius Raf. Oligocottus Girard, 133; logotype O. .maculatus Grd. Leiocottus Girard. 133; orthotype L. hirunoo Grd. Artedius Girard, VIII, 134; logotype A. lateralis Grd. Oplopoma (iirard, 135; orthotype O. pantiieri'na Grd. A synonym of Ophioiwn Grd., 1854. 558. GIR.-\RD (1856). Researches I'fon the Cyfrinoid Fishes Inhabiting the Fresh li'aters of the United States H'est of the Mississippi I'alley, from Specimens in the Museum of the Smilhsonia Institution. Proc. .^cad. Nat. Sci. Phila., VIII. Charles Girard. Minomus Girard, 173; haplotype Catostomus insignis Baird & Grd. .-\ synonym of Catostomus Lc Sueur, section Decactylus Raf., 1818. Acomus Girard, 173; logotype Catostomi's forsterianus Rich. = Cyprinus CATOSTOMUS Le Sueur. A .synonym of Catostomus Lc Sueur. Dionda Girard, 176; logotype D. episcopa Grd. Algoma Girard, 18(); logotype A. amara Grd. Not separable from Dionda, both scarcely distinct from IIvbocnathus Orthodon Girard, 182; orthotype Gila microlepidota .Ayres. Algansea Girard. 182; orthotype Leuciscus tincella Cuv & Val. Agosia Girard. 186; logotype A. chrysogaster Grd. Nocomis Girard, 190; logotype N. nebrasce.nsis Grd. — RuriLUS kentuckiensis Raf. - Leuciscus biguttatus Kirtland. Meda Girard. 192; haplotype Meoa fulgida Grd. ClioU Girard. 192; logotype Ckratichthvs vigii.ax Baird & Grd. .■\ synonym of CraATiciiTHYS Baird & Grd., as first used; the name later taken for the genus Nocomis. Albumellus Girard. 193 ; orthotype .\lburnus dilectus Grd. .\ synonym of .VoTROPis Raf. (1818) 270 THE GEXliKA OK FISHES, PART II Codoma Girard, 194; logotype Codoma ornata Grd. Alburnops Girard, 194; logotype Alburnops blennius Grd. Cyprinella Girard, 196; logotype Leuciscus bubalinus Baird & Grd. Probably a valid genus allied to Notropis and Alburnops. Richardsonius Girard, 201 ; liaplotype Abramis balteatus Baird & Grd. Probably distinct from Leuciscus Guv. and from Tigoma Grd. Tiaroga Girard, 204 ; haplotype Tiaroga cobitis Grd. Moniana Girard. 199 ; logotype Leuciscus lutrensis Baird & Grd. Not separable from Cyprinella. Tigoma Girard, 205; logotype Gila pulchella Baird & Grd. Probably a genus distinct from Leuciscus Cuv. and from Richardsonius Grd. Cheonda Girard, 207 ; logotype Cheonda cooperi Grd. Probably not distinct from Tigoma. Siboma Girard, 209; haplotype Siboma crassicauda Baird & Grd. A section or genus close to Tigoma. Hudsonius Girard, 210 ; orthotype Clupea hudsonia Clinton. A section or sub- genus of Notropis or Alburnops. Clinostomus Girard, 211 ; logotype Luxilus elongatus Kirfland (not Clinostomum, a genus of worms). A section or subgenus near Notropis. Ceratichthys (Baird MS.) Girard. 212; haplotype Semotilus biguttatus Kirt- land (not Ceratichthys Baird & Grd., 1854). A synonym of Nocomis Grd. 559. HOLMES (1856). Contributions to the Natunit History of the American Devilfish, zeith Descriptions of a Nnv Genus from tlic Harbor of Charleston, South Carolina. Proc. Elliott Soc. Nat. Hist., 1. Francis S. Holmes Diabolichthys Hohnes, 39 ; orthotype D. ei.liotti Holmes. A synonym of Manta Bancroft. 560. HECKEL (1856). Neue Beitrdgc zur Kcnntniss dcr fossilen Fische Ocster- rcichs. Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien, XI. JoHANN Jakob Heckel. Thrissopterus llcckel, XI, 245; orthotype T. catulli Ileckel (fossil). A synonym iif Monopteros Volta (Platinx Ag.) Elopopsis Heckel, XI, 251; logotype E. fenzlii Heckel (fossil). Carangodes Heckel, XI, 262; orthotype C. cephalus Heckel (fossil). Perhaps to be regarded as preoccupied by Carangoides Blkr., 1851. Ctenopoma Heckel, XI. 272; orthotype Pyg,«us jemelka Heckel (fossil); pre- occupied by Ctenopoma Peters, 1855. 561. HECKEL (1856). IJeber den Bau und die Einthcilung der Pycnodonten, etc. Sitzb. Akad. Wiss. Wien, VIII, 433-464, 1854 (1856). JoHANN Jakob Heckel. Stemmatodus Heckel, XI, 202; orthotype Pycnodus rhombus Ag. (fossil). Pre- occupied; replaced by Stemmatias Hay, 1899. Coelodus Heckel, XI, 202, 455; orthotype CfELOuus saturnus Meckel (fossil). If regarded as preoccupied by CffiLonoN Lund, may be replaced by Cosmodus Sauvage, 1879. 562. KAUP (1856). Uebersicht dcr Aale. Arch. Naturg. JoHANN Jacob Kaup. In this paper ocurs the lirst diagnosis of the many genera of eels. KAiip, 1856 271 published in the same year as the Catalogue of the Apodal Fish. The pagina- tion of the volume last mentioned is given in parentheses in the following list: 563. KAUP (18S6). Catalogue of the Apodal Fish in the Colleclio.t of the British Museum. London. JOHANN J.\COB KaUP. Congerodon Kaiip, 37; orthotype C. indicus Kaup. (Not in Cat. Apodal Fishes.) Centrurophis Kaup, 42 (2) ; logotype C. sp.\diceus Kaup. A synonym of Ophich- THUS Ahl. Poecilocephalus Kaup, 43 (5) ; orthotype P. bonapaktei Kaup. A synonym of Oi-mniTHLs .Mil. Microdonophis Kaup. 43 (6) orthotype M. altipinnis Kaup. .■K synonym of Olllli HTIIUS. Ccxcilophis Kaup, 44 (6) ; orthotype C. compar Kaup. A synonym of Ophichthus. Herpetojchthys Kaup. 44 (7); orthotype 11. ornatissimus Kaup. .\ 'synonym of Ophichthus. Brachysomophis Kaup, 45 (9) ; orthotype 1!. horridus Kaup. Elapsopsis Kaup, 45 (9) ; orthotype 11. vkksicolor Kaup (misprinted Elapsopis). A synonym of Ophichthus. Mystriophis Kaup, 45 (10); orthotype Ophisurus rostellatus Rich. Muraenopsis (Le Sueur) Kaup, 46 (11); orthotype Mur.ic.nophis ocellatus Le Sueur. This name was not used by Le Sueur, who wrote Mur-unophis after Lacepede. Echiopsis Kaup, 46 (13) ; ortliotype Ophisurus intertinctus Rich. .\ synonym of Mystriophis Kaup. Scytalophis Kaup. 46 (13); orthotype S. .mag.vioculis Kaup. Leptorhinophis Kaup, 46 (14); orthotype Ophisurus gomesi Castelnau. .X syno- nym of Scvtai-ophis Kaup. Pisodonophis Kaup, 47 (17); logotype P. c.xnxrivorus Ivaup, as restricted by Bleeker. Later written Pisoodonophis by Kaup, and since spelled PisouoN- topiiis by purists. Lamnostoma Kaup, 49 (24) ; logotype L. pictum Kaup. .'\nguisurus Kaup, SO (24); orthotype A. punctulatus Kaup. .\ synonym of CiKcuLA Vahl. Callechelys Kaup, 51 (28) ; orthotype C. cuichenoti Kaup. Cirrhimuraena Kaup, 52 {27 ) ; orthotype C. chinensis Kaup. Ophisurapus Kaup, 52 (29) ; ortthotypc O. gracilis Kaup. Later written Ophi sUKAPiiis A synonym of Sphagebranchus Bloch. Mynis Kaup, 53 (31); orthotype Mur.ena myrus L. = Mykus vulgaris Kaup. A synonym of Eciielus Raf., as restricted by Bleeker. Enchelynassa Kaup, 59 (72) ; orthotype E. blekkeri Kaup. Eurymyctera Kaup, 59 {72); orthotype E. crudelis Kaup. .\ synonym of Gym- .SnrilORAX. Siderea Kaup, 59 (70) ; orthotype S. pfeikkeri Kaup. Later written Sidera. .\ >yiiciiiym of GvMNnTHOHAX, as restricted by Bleeker. Enchelycore Kaup, 60 (72) ; orthotype Mur>bna nigricans Bonnatcrre. Thyrsoidea Kaup, 60 (74) ; tautotype Mur.ena tiivrsoidea Rich., but first restricted to Mur.t.na macrl'ra Bleeker, by lilcekcr. As understood by nic, a synonym c.f (ivMNOTiKiKAX. As uscd by lilerker, the same as Evenciielvs J. &• E. Liinamurzna Kaup 65 (95) : orthotype L. gi'tt.\ta Kaup. A synonym of Mu- R.«NA L. as restricted by .Mil, 1789. 272 THE GENERA OF FISHES, PART II Polyuranodon Kaup, 65 (96) ; orthotype Mur/Ena polyuranodon Blkr. A syno- nym of Gymnothorax. Poecilophis Kaup, 66 (98) ; orthotype Gymnothorax catenatus Bloch. A syno- nym of Echidna Forster. Aphthalmichthys Kaup, 68 (105); orthotype A. javanicus Kaup. Muraenoblenna (Lacepede) Kaup, 67; orthotype Ichthyophis tigrinus Lesson, not of Lacepede, whose type M. olivacea is a myxine. Kaup observes: "Ich kenne M. olivacea nicht." Congermuraena Kaup, 71 (108) ; logotype Mur^na balearica De la Roche, as restricted by Bleeker. A synonym of Ariosoma Sw., equivalent to Con- crellus Ogilby, 1898, who restricts Congermur.ena to C. habenata, which probably belongs to Gnathophis Blkr. The name is spelled Congromu- R.iiNA by authors. Uroconger Kaup, 71 (110) ; ortliotype U. lepturus Kaup. Esunculus Kaup, 143 ; orthotype E. costai Kaup. A larva, allied to Alepocepha- Lus. (Not in Uebcrsicht.) 564. KAUP (1856). Einines iibcr die Unterfainilic Ophidincc. Arch. Naturg., XXIL JoHANN Jacob Kaup. Cepolophis Kaup, 1, 96; orthotype Ophidium viride Fabricius. A synonym of Gymnelis Reinh. 565. KAUP (1856). Catalogue of the Lophobranchiate Fish in the Collection of the British Museum. London. JoHANN Jacob Kaup. The various genera of Kaup, 1853, Hemimarsupium excepted, are in this paper with their redescribed species Hemithylacus Kaup, 61 ; orthotype Syngnathus leiaspis Kaup. An unexplained substitute for Hemimarsupium Kaup, 1853. Same as Ccelonotus Peters (1855). 566. LEIDY (1856). Xoticc of Remains of Extinct I' crtebratcd Animals Discovered by Professor E. Emmons. Proc. Acad. Xat. Sci. Phila., 1856. Joseph Leidy (1825-1891). Ischyrhiza Leidy, VIII, 256; logotype I. mjka Leidy (fossil). Supposed to be a synonym of Pachyrhizodus. 567. LEIDY (1856). Notices of Extinct I'ertebrata Discovered by Dr. F. V. Hayden, During the Expedition to the Sioux Country Under the Command of Lieut. G. K. Warren. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., VIIL Joseph Leidy. Mylognathus Leidy. 312; orthotype M. pkiscus Leidy (fossil). Probably a synonym of Euai'I1()1«)N. 568. LEIDY (1856). Indications of Five Species, zvith Two New Genera, of Extinct Fishes. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., VH. Joseph Leidy. Edestus Leidy, X'll. 414; (irthutype E. vorax Leidy (fossil). Sicarius Leidy, VII. 414; orthotype S. extinctus Leidy (fossil). A synonym of Pktalodus. LEiDY, 1856 273 569. LE.IDV (1856). Descriflton of Two Ichthyodorulites (Stenacanthus nilidus and Cyliitdraianibus ornatus). Amer. Journ. Sci., XXI. Joseph Leidy. Stenacanthus Lcidy. XXI, 8; orthotype S. nitidus Leidy (fossil) (also in Proc. Aciid Wit. Sci. FIiiIj., 1856. 11.). .\ synonym of Bothriolepis. Cylindracanthus Leidy. XXI. 8; orthotype C. ornatl's Leidy. Regarded as a synonym of Ccelorhynchl's Ag., which name is preoccupied. 570. LEIDY (1856). Remarks on Ci-rlain Extinct Species of Fishes. Proc. .\cad. Nat. Sci.. VIII. 301. (Also in Trans. Phitos. Soe.. XI. 1857.) Joseph Leidy. Protosphyraena Li'idy. 56, VIll, 302 (and XI. 95) ; orthotype P. fercx Leidy ( fossil ). Cimolichthys Leidy. VIII. 302 (also XI. 95); orthotype C. leweiensis Leidy (fossil). 571. NEWBERRY (1856). Description of Several AVtt' Genera and Species of Fossil Fishes from the Carboniferous Strata of Ohio. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., VIII. John Strong Newberry (1822-1892). Mecolepis .Vcwbcrry. VIII, 96; logotype M. cranulatl's Newberry (fossil). .\aim- preoccupied, replaced by Eurylepis Newberry (1857). Compsacanthus Newberry, 100; orthotype Pleuracanthus l,«vis Newberry (fossil;. A synonym of Pleuracanthl's. 572. P.\.VDER (1856). Afonoi^raphie dcr fossilen Fische des silurischen Systems der russisch-ballischen Gouvernements. St. Petersburg. Christian Heinrich Pander. Rytidolepis Pander. 48; orthotype R. quenstedti Pander (fossil). Besides this nominal genus, the following additional generic names have been given in this paper by Pander. .Ml are based on fragments of dermal armor, not identified and some of them, according to Eichwald (1860). likely to belong to Euryptcrid crustaceans rather than to fishes. These are Coccopeltus, Cyphomai.epis. Trachylepis and Phlebolepis. The following is the list of these nominal genera and their type species as given by Woodward : Rytidolepis (uenstedti), 48. schedio-stel's ( mustelensis ) . 49. Coccopeltus (asmussi), 50. Cyphomalepis (ecertoni), 51. Trachylepis ( Formosa), 52. STir.MOLKPIS (OWENI), 53. Dasylepis ( keyserlinci), 54. Lopholepis (schmidti), 55. Dictyolepis (bronni), 56. Oniscolepis (magna, etc.), 58. MfI.ITTOMALF.PIS (F.LEr.ANS), 60. Phi.eiiolepis (eleoans). 60. Prionacanthus (dubia), 70. Stigmolepis Pander. 53; orthotype S. oweni Pander (fossil). Coelolepis Pander. 56; logotype C. l.kvis Pander (fossil). Tolypelepis Pander. 61; orthotype T i'NDi'L\Tfs Pander (fossil) (fragment of a Pteraspid). 274 THE GENERA OF FISHES, PART II Lophosteus Pander, 62; orthotype L. superbus Pander (fossil). Pachylepis Pander, 67; ortliotype P. glaber Pander (fossil). A synonym of Thelodus Ag. Thelolepis Pander, 67; orthotype Thelodus p.^rvidens Ag. (fossil). A synonym of Thelodus Ag. Nostolepis Pander, 68; orthotype N. striata Pander (fossil). Rabdacsnthus Pander 69; orthotype R. truncatus Pander (fossil). Odontotodus Pander, 75; orthotype O. rootsikulliensis Pander (fossil). A Gomphodus Pander 76; orthotype G. sanpelensis Pander (fossil). synonym of Stigmolepis Pander. 573. RICHARDSON (1856). Ichthyology. (In Encyclopedia Britannica.l. London.) John Richardson. Xanthichthys (Kaup) Richardson, XII, .313; orthotype Balistes curassavicus Ginelin. 574. THOMPSON (1856). The Natural History of Ireland. London. William Thompson. Couchia Thompson, IV, 188; orthotype Couchia minor Thompson. A larval form of Cili.\ta. 1857 575. BAIRD (1857). Report on the Fishes Observed on the Coast of New Jersey and Long Island During the Summer of 1854. From the ninth annual report of the Smithsonian Institution for 1854. Spencer Fullerton Baird. Eucinostomus Baird, 345 ; orthotype E. argenteus Baird ^ Gerres gula Cuv. & Val. 576. BELLOTTI (1857). Stofpani Studii Ceol. e Paleontol. Lombardia. Cristoforo Bellotti. Urolepis Bellotti, 431; orthotype U. macroptera BcUotti (fossil). Heptanema Bellotti. 435; orthotype H. parado.\um Bellotti (fossil). Ichthyorhynchus Bellotti, 436; orthotype 1. curioni Bellotti (fossil). A synonym of Saurorhynchus. 577. BLEEKER (1857). Achtste bijdrage tot dc kcnnis dervischfaunavanAmboina. Act. Soc. Sci. Indo-Nederl., II. PlETER BlEEKER. Cirrhitichthys Bleckcr, II, 39; orthotype Cirrhites graph idopterus Blkr. = Cirrh. aprinus Cuv. & Val. Oxycirrhites Bleeker, II, 39; orthotype O. typus Blkr. 578. BLh'h'.KER (1857). Nieuzve nalezingen oj> dc ichthyologie van Japan. Verh. Bat. Gen. PlKTER BleKKER. Lateolabrax Bleeker, XXVI, 53; orthotype Labrax japonicus Cuv & Val. Same as Pkhca-Lahra.x T. & S., but tliis word may not have been meant as a new name. 579. BLEEKER (1857). Bijdrage tot de kennis der ichthyologische fauna van de Sangi-eilanden. Nat. Tijdschr. Nedcr. -Indie, XIII. PiETER Bleeker. COSTA, 1857 275 ScorpaEnodes BIcekcr. 371 ; orthotype Scorp.-kna I'olvlepis BIkr. Replaces Sebas- rcii'sis Gill. Eleotriodes Blccker, XIII. 372; orthotype E. sexcuttata Blkr. E. helosingeni BIkr.. sometimes named as type, occurs in a later paper. Bogoda Blecker, 468; orthotype Chanda nam a Ham. A synonym of Chanda as restricted. 580. COST.\ (1857). Dcscrisione di alcuni pcsci fossili del Libano. Mem. Reale Accad. N'apoli, II. 97-112. Oronzio Gabriele Costa. Imogaster Cn^la. II, 102; orthotype I. auratus Costa (fossil). Omosoma C'-ta. 11, 105; orthotype O. sachelalm.e Costa (fossil). Rhamphornimia Co.sta. II. 108; orthotype R. rhinelloioes Costa (fossil). 581. EGERTON" (1857). Paleolilhologic Notes on Some Fish Remains from the Seighborhood of Ludloii.: Quart. Journ. Geol. Sci.. XIII. Philip de Malpas Grev Ecerto.v. Auchenaspis Egcrton, XIII, 286; orthotype .A. salteri Egert. (fossil). A synonym of Thyestes Eichw. 581A. HM.MOXS (1857). .tmrrican Geology, etc. Ed. I. Ebenezer Emmons (1799-1863). Rabdiolepis Emmons, VI, 45; orthotype R. sPEaosus Emmons (fossil) (fragment i.i a scale) (not Rhabmolepis Troschel). Microdus Emmons, VI, 48; orthotype M. ljevis Emmons (a shark tooth of uncer- tain relations). 582. GERVAIS (1857). Sur un poisson hbroide fossile dans les sables marins de Montpellier (Labrodon parimaitaliim). Mem. Acad. Sci. Montpellicr, III. Francois Louis Paul Gervais. Labrodon Gervais, III, SIS; orthotype L. pavimentatum Gervais (fossil). 583. GIR.ARD (1857). Contributions to the Ichthyology of the ll'estern Coast of the United States, from Specimens in the Museum of the Smithsonian Institution. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., VIII. Charles Girard. Chiropsis Girard, IX, 201; orthotype CiiiRUs constellatus Grd. (male of H. OEiACRAMMUs). A synoiiym of IIexagram.mos Stcller. Zaniolepis Girard, IX, 202; orthotype Z. latipinnis Grd. Misquoted as Zanio- iiKRMis by Giinther (I860). 584. IIOLL.'VRD (1857). £tudcs sur les gymnodontcs el en particulier sur leur ostfologie et sur les indications quelle peul fournir pour leur classificalioti. Ann. Sci. Nat. (Zool.), VIII. Henri Louis Gabriel Marc Hollard (1801 1866). Apsicephalus Hollard, 275; orthotype Tkthoihin kluviatilis Ham. No type named; said to be equivalent to DlcH(rTOMVCTER Bibron, but including several other of Bibron's genera. Apparently a valid genus to be called Dichotomvcter. Brachycephalus HolLird, VIII, 275; orthotype not named, the genus said to be equivalent to Tetraodon of Bibron. T. lineatus L. may be assumed as type. A synonym of Tetkaodon L. 585 NEWBERRY (1857). Fossil Fishes from the Devonian of Ohio. Proc. Nat. Inst. Washington, I. John Strong Newbekrv 276 THE GENERA OF FISHES, PART II Agassichthys Newberry, 3; orthotype Placothorax AG.^ssIZI Meyer (fossil). A synonym of Macropetalichthys Ag. Machaeracanthus Newberry, 6; orthotype M. peracutus Newberry (fossil), Onychodus Newberry, 7; orthotype O. sigmoides Newberry (fossil). 586. NEWBERRY (1857). Letter Changing the Genus Mekolepis to Eurylepis, the Former Being Preoccupied. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., IX. John Strong Newberry. Eurylepis Newberry, ISO; orthotype Mecolepis granulatus Newberry (fossil). Substitute for Mecolepis Newberry, preoccupied. 587. PETERS (1857). Neue Chromidengattung (Hemichromis). Monatsber. Akad, Wiss, Berlin. WiLHELM Carl Hartwig Peters. Hemichromis Peters, 403 ; orthotype H. fasciatus Peters. 588. PHILIPPl (1857). Ueber einige chilenische Voycl und Fische, etc. Arch, Naturgesch. Rudolph Amandus Philippi {b. 1808). Genypterus Philippi, 268 ; orthotype G. nigricans Philippi. Thysanochilus Philippi, 268; orthotype T. valdivianus Philippi. A synonym of Velasia Gray, suppressed (but printed) by Troschel, editor of the Archiv. Not Thysanocheilus Kner, 1865. Rhynchobatis Philippi, 270; orthotype a ray from Juan Fernandez, not given a spe- cific name, only the dried head with long, flat snout preserved. Name preoccu- pied as Rhynchobatus. This animal is described as a ray with a long, thin, flat snout, rounded at the tip apparently like that of the shark, Mitsuku- rina. Its surface below, except at the smooth base, is covered by small stel- late prickles, curved backward at tip. Larger spinules cover the head with six still larger ones forming a curve around the eye. As this form, obvi- ously distinct, is without a name, it has been called Tarsistes philippi Jordan, 589. RICHARDSON (1857), On Siphonognathus, a New Genus of Fistularidce. Proc. Zool. Soc. London. John Richardson. Siphonognathus Richardson, 237; orthotype S. argyrophanes Rich. 590. RUTIMEYER (1857). (Encheiziphius.) Verb. Ges. Basel, I. Carl Ludwig Rijtimeyer, Encheiziphius Riitimeyer, I, 561; orthotype E. teretirostris Rutimeyer (fossil). A synonym or fossil homologue of Istiophorus, 591. TROSCHEL (1857). Beobachtungen iiber die Fische in den Eisennieren des Saarbriicker Steinkohlgebirges. Verb. Naturh. Ver. Preuss. Rheinl. Weatphal, Franz Hermann Troschel, Rhabdolepis Troschel, 15; logotype Pal^oniscum macropterum Bronn (fossil). A synonym of Elonichtiiys Giebel, 592, WAGNER (1857), Characteristik neuer Arten von Knorpelfischen aus den lilhographischen Schiefcrn der Umgegend von Solenhofcn. Gclchrte Anz, Bayer. Akad. Wiss., XLIV. Johann Andreas Wagner, Palaeoscyllium Wagner, XLIV, 291; othotype P. fohmosum Warner (fossil). AGASsiz, 1858 277 1858 593. AGASSIZ (1858). Remarks on a New Species of Skate frqm the Sandwich Islands. Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 1858, VI. Louis Agassiz. Goniobatis Agassiz, VI, 385; orthotypc Raja flacellum B1. & Schn. A synonym of AicTOBATis Blainv., as restricted by Miiller & Henle. Same as Stoasodon Cantor, 1850. 594 AGASSIZ (1858). Remarks on Netv Fishes from Nicaragua Collected by Julius Frcebel. Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., VI. Louis Agassiz. Parachromis Agassiz, VI, 401 ; orthotypc P. CULOSUS Ag. (not identifiable, said to be a CiCHLiD (Chromid) resembling Dentex, but with the lateral line liroken. Probably a synonym of Cichlaurus Sw. Hypsophrys .Agassiz, VI, 401 ; orthotypc H. unimaculatus Ag. No description. A CiCHLiD said to resemble Chrysophrys (Sparus) with a large, black shoulder spot (as in .Astronotus helleri Steind. and other species). Prob- ably a synonym of Astronotlts Sw. Baiodon Agassiz, VI, 401 ; orthotypc B. fasciatus Ag. A slender form, said to resemble Boops Cuv. Possibly the same as Theraps irregularis Gthr., but not identifiable. Amphilophus .-Kgassiz, VI, 401 ; orthotypc A. frcebeli Ag., apparently Heros labiatus Gthr. or H. lobocheilus Gthr. species in which the male has both lips greatly enlarged, "peculiar in not having the ordinary fleshy lips, but a large, triangular lobe projecting above and below jaw like the fleshy appen- dages of some bats" (.Agassiz). It is possible that the species thus provided should stand as a distinct genus Amphilophus. 595 AYRES (1858). On New Fishes of the Californian Coast. Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci.. 1858-1861 (1853), 11. William O. Ayres. Anoplopoma .^yres. II. 27 ; orthotype A. merlangus Ayres. = Gadus fimbria Pallas. Stereolepis Ayres, II, 28; orthotypc S. gigas Ayres. 596 BLEEKER (1858). Zesde bijdrage (etc.) vischfauna van Sumatra (Visschtn van Padang, etc.^. Act. Soc. Neder.-Indie, III. PlETER BlEEKER. Helicophagus Bleeker, 45; orthotypc H. typus BIkr. 597. BLEEKER (1858). V'ierdc bijdrage tot de kcnnis der ichthyologische Fauna van Japan. Act. Soc. Sci. Indo-Neerl., III. Pieter Bleeker. Sireoibo BIcokcr. 22; orthotypc Brotila imukrbis T. & S. Congerodon ( Kaup) Bleeker, 29; orthotypc C. iNDicus Kaup MS. = Cogkus lkp- Tikus Kich. Same as Uroconcm and of the same original date, 1856. Triacanthodes Bleeker, 37; orthotypc Tricanthus anomalus T. & S. 598. BLEEKER (1858). Tiende bijdrage tot de kennis der vischfauna van Celebes. Act. Soc. Sci. Indo-Nccrl., III. Pieter Bleeker. Gunnellichthyi HIcckcr, III, 9; orthotypc G. FLtURcn-yiiNiA Blkr. 278 THE GENERA OF FISHES, PART II 599. BLEEKER (1858"). Bijdrage tot dc kennis dcr vischfauna van den Goram- Archipel. Nat Tijdschr. Neder.-Indie, XV. PlETER BlEEKER. Pseudoplesiops Bleeker, XV, 217; orthotype P. typus Bleeker. 600. BLEEKER (18S8). Vierde bijdrage (etc.) van Bilitou. Nat. Tijdschr. Neder.-Indie, XV. PiETER Bleeker. Leiocassis Bleeker, 225 ; ortliotype L. micropogon Blkr. Corrected by Giinther to LlOCASSIS. Silurichthys Bleeker, 225; ortliotype S. phaiosoma Blkr. 601. BLEEKER (1858). Tzuaalfde bijdrage tot de kennis der vischfauna van Borneo, visschen vein Sinkawang. Act. Soc. Sci. Indo-Neerl., V. PlETER Bleeker. Sauridichthys Bleeker, 2; ortliotype S. ophiodon Blkr. (1858). A synonym of Harpodon Le Sueur. Hexanematichthys Bleeker, V, 2 ; orthotype Bagrus sundaicus Blkr. Sciadeichthys Bleeker, 99 ; orthotype Sciades pictu.s M. & T. Not Sciadeichthys Blkr., 1863. 602. BLEEKER (1858). De visschen van den Indischen Archipel, etc. I. Siluri. Title also in Latin as Prodromus. PlETER Bleeker. Most of these genera occur also in later papers, 1862, 1863 ; the type species often indicated later. Pseudodoras Bleeker, I, 53 ; orthotype Doras nicer Val. Hemidoras Bleeker, I, 53 ; orthotype Doras stenopeltis Kner. A synonym of Doras Lac. as restricted by Bleeker. Davalla Bleeker, 58; orthotype Hypophthalmus davalla Schoniburgk. Pseudobagrus Bleeker, 60; orthotype Bagrus aurantiacus T. & S. Melanodactylus Bleeker 60; orthotype M. acutivelis Blkr. = Pimelodus nigrodi- GITATUS Lac. Chrysichthys Bleeker, 60; orthotype Pimelodus auratus Geoffroy St. Hilaire. Octonematichthys Bleeker, 60; orthotype O. nigritus Blkr. Rita Bleeker, 60; orthotype Pimelodus rita Ham. (R. buchanani Blkr.). Selenaspis Bleeker, I, 62; haplotype Silurus herzbergi Bloch. Cephalocassis Bleeker, 62; orthotype Arius truncatus Cuv. & Val. Netuma Bleeker, 62; orthotype N. thalassina Blkr. = N. nasuta Blkr. Guiritinga I'lcekcr, 62; orthotype G. commersoni Blkr. Ostogeneiosus Bleeker, 63; orthotype Arius militaris Blkr. Batrachocephalus Bleeker, 63 ; orthotype B. micropogon Blkr. Ketengus Bleeker, 190; orthotype K. Tvpus Blkr. Conorhynchos Bleeker, 191 ; orthotype Pimelodus conirostris Cuv. & Val. ' Hemipimelodus lileeker, 195; orthotype H. borneensis Blkr. Zungaro Bleeker, 196; orthotype Pimelodus zungaro lliiniboklt ^= Zungaro hum- BOLDTI Blkr. Heptapterus Bleeker, 197 ; orthotype H. surinamensis Blkr. Rhamdia Bleeker, 197; orthotype Pimelodus quelen Q. & G. Pinirampus Bleeker, 198; orthotype P. tvpus Blkr. = Pimelodus pirinampu Spix. Auchenaspis I'lecker, 198; orthotype Pimelodiis biscutatu.s Geoffroy. Name pre- occupied; replaced by Auchenoglanis Gthr. BLEEKER, 1858 279 Trachcorystes Bleeker, 200; orthotypc T. tvpus Blkr. Rama Blocker. 201; orthotypc Pimelodi's rama Ham. = Rama blxhanani Blkr. Acrochordonichthys Blcckcr, 204; orthotypc A. platvceph all's Blkr. Gagata Bleckcr, 204 ; orthotypc G. tvpus Blkr. Schilbeichthys Blocker, 253; orthotypc Silurus carua Ham. A synonym of Clupi- soma S\v. Belodontichthys Blocker, 253; orthotypc B. .macrochir Blkr. = Wallago dinema Hlkr. Pseudosilurus Blcokor, 253; orthotypc P. bimaculatus Blkr. .\ synonym of Omiiik Lac. Siluranodon Bleeker, 253; orthotypc Silurus auritus Geoflfroy. Kryptopterus Bleeker. 253; tautotypc Silurus cryptopterus Blkr. Corrected to Crvptopterus by Giinthcr. Kryptopterichthys Blocker. 253: orthotypc SiLfRu.s palembraxgensis Blkr. Micronema BIcikor. 253; orthotypc M. typus Hlkr. Phalacronotus Blcckcr. 253; orthotypc P. lepto.nema Blkr. Hemisilurus Blocker, 255; orthotypc H. heterorhynchus Blkr. Schilbeodes Blcckcr. 258; orthotypc Silurus gyrinus Mitchill. Aspredinichthys Blocker, 328; orthotypc Aspredo tibicen Tcmminck. Bunocephalichthys Blocker. 329; orthotypc Bunocephalus verrucosus Kner. Piratinga I'.lcokcr. 355; orthotypc Bagrus reticulatus Kner. Platynematichthys Bleeker, 357 ; orthotypc Bagrus punctulatus Kner. Piramutana Blocker, 355; orthotypc Bargus piramuta Kner. 603. BLEEKER (1858). Over dc Rcslachlcn dcr Cobilinen. \at. Tijdschr. Ncder- Indie, XVI, 1858-1859, 302-304. PiETER Bleeker. Lepidocephalus Blcckcr, 303; orthotypc C. microchir Blkr. Cobiitichthys Blocker, 304; orthotypc C. enalios Bleeker. h synonym of Mis gurnus Lac. 604. BLEEKER (1858). Viscliiiu}riin i^i-.iiiinen bij Jafiara, versametd door S. A. Thurkow. Nat. Tijdschr. .\cdcr.-In.lio, XVI, 1858-1859, 406-409. PiETER Bleeker. Oxyurichthys Blcckcr, 408; orthotypc O. microlepis Blkr. or Gobius belosso Blkr. 605. I'.LVTH (1858). (Amblyccfs). Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, XXVII. Edward Blyth. Amblyceps Blylh. XXVIII, 281; haplotype A. c^.cutiens Blyth. 606. BROW (1858). Bcitrage sur triasischcn Fauna und Flora dcr bituminoschcn Schiefcr I'on Raibl in Kiiriilhcn. Neues Jahrb. Min. Heinrich Georc Bronn (1800-1862). Belonorhynchus Bronn, 12; orthotypc B. striolatus Bronn (fossil). A synonym of SAfRlJRllYNCHUS. Pholidopleurus Bronn, 17; orthotypc P. typus Bronn (fossil). Thoracopterus Bronn 21; orthotypc T. niederristi Bronn (fossil). 607.612 COSTA (1858). (Lralcflus.) Archiv. .\aturg. (1858). Oronzio Gabriele Costa. Uraleptus Costa, 87; orthotypc Gaous marai.di Risso. A synonym of Gaoella Lowe. 280 THE GENERA OF FISHES, PART II 613. DUMfiRIL (1858). Reptiles et poissons de I'Afrique occidentale, etc. Comtes Rendus Acad. Sci. Paris, 1858, LXl. AuGUSTE Henri Andre Dumeril. Chromichthys A. Dumeril, X, 257; orthotype C. elongatus Guich. 614. EGERTON (1858). On Chondrosteus, an Extinct Form of the Sturionid(B, Found in the Lias Formation at Lyme Regis. Phil. Trans. London, 1858. Philip de Malpas Grey Egerton. Chondrosteus (Agassiz) Egerton, 871; orthotype C. acipenseroides Ag. (fossil). Gyrosteus (Agassiz) Egerton, 883; orthotype G. mirabilis Ag. (fossil). 615. EGERTON (1858). Fish: Cosmolepis, etc. (In Figures and Descriptions of British Organic Remains.) Mem. Geol. Surv. United Kingdom, 1858, 9 dec. Philip de M.\lpas Grey Egerton. Cosmolepis Egerton, Dec. IX, No. 1; orthotype C. egertoni Ag. (fossil). Endactis Egerton, Dec. IX, No. 4; orthotype E. agassizi Egert. (fossil). A syno- nym of Caturus. Centrolepis Egerton, Dec. IX, No. 5; orthotype C. asper Ag. (fossil). Nothosoma (Agassiz) Egerton, Dec. IX, No. 6; orthotype N. octostychius Ag. (fossil). Pleuropholis Egerton, Dec. IX, No. 7 ; logootype Pholidophorus l.«vissimus Ag. (fossil). Macropoma (Agassiz) Egerton, Dec. IX, No. 10; orthotype M. egertoni Ag. (fossil). Replaces Eurycormus Wagner (1863). 616. GILL (1858). Prodromus dcscriptionis suhfamilicc Gobinarum squamis cycloideis piscinm, a cl. W. Stimpsono in mare Pacifico aequisitorum. Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist. N. Y., 1858-1862, VII, 12-16. Theodore Nicholas Gill (1837-1914). Chasnogobius Gill. 12; orthotype C. annularis Gill. Lepidogobius Gill. 14; orthotype Gobius gracilis Grd. = G. lepidus Grd. 617. GILL (1858). Description of a Nezv Genus of Pimelodincr from Canada. Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist. N. Y., 1853-1858, VI, 3. Theodore Nicholas Gill. Synechoglanis Gill, 39; orthotype Synechoglanis beadlei Gill = Ictalurus PUNCTATUS (Raf.). A synonym of Ictalurus Raf. 618. GILL (1858). Prodromus descriptionis familitr Gohioidarum generumnovorum. Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist. N. Y., 1858-1862, Vll, 16-19. Theodore Nicholas Gill. Tridentiger Gill, 16, Dec; orthotype Sicydium obscurum, T. & S. Triasnophorus Gill. 17 ; orthotype T. trigonocephalus Gill. Name preoccupied, replaced by Triii-NnrnoRicHTHYS Gill. 619. GILL (1858). (Tricrnophorichthys.) Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1859. Theodore Nicholas Gill. Triaenophorichthys Gill 195 ; orthotype Tri>enophorus trigonocephalus Gill. Substitute for Tri.t:nophorus Gill, preoccupied. GILL, 1858 281 620. GILL (1858). Synofiis of the rnrsh-zcatcr Fishes of the Western Portion of the Island of Trinidad. U'est Indies. .\nn. L)xeuni Nat. Hist. N. Y., 1853- 1858. VI, 363-430. Theodore Nicholas Gill. Ctenogobius Gill, 374 ; orthotype C. fasciatus Gill. Pimelonotus Gill, VI, 387; orthotype P. vilsoni. A synonym of Rhamdia BIkr. of the same year. Batrachoglanis Gill, VI, 389; orthotype Pimelodl'S raninus Cuv. & Val. A syno nym of Pseudopimelodus BIkr. of about the same date. Hoplostemum Gill, VI, 395; orthotype Callichthys l-evigatus Val. Pterygoplichthys Gill, VI. 408; orthotype Hypostomus duodecimalis Cuv. & Val. PoEcilurichthys <",ill, 414; loROtypc P. brev(X)RTI Gill. Hemigrammus (iill, 416; haplotypc H. uniline.\tus Gill. Stevardia Gill, 423; orthotype S. albipinnis Gill. Corynopoma Gill. 425; orthotype C. rmsei Gill. .V synonym of Stevardia Gill. Nematopoma Gill, 428; orthotype N. searlesi Gill. A synonym of Stevardia Gill. 621. IIECKRL & K\ER (1858). Die Siisswasserfische dcr ocsterreichischen Monarchic mit RiicksichI auf die angrdn:endcn Lander. JoHANN Jakob Meckel ; Rudolph Kner. Carpio Ileckcl, 64; orthotype Cyprinus kollari Heckel. A supposed hybrid of CvpRiNus and Carassius. Blicca Heckel, 120; orthotype Cyprinus blicca Gmclin. Leucaspius Heckel & Kner, 145 ; orthotype L. abruptus Heckel & Kner. Idus Heckel. 147; orthotype Cyprinus idus, L. 622 KADE (1858). I'cbcr die dcvonischen Fischrestc cines dilufial Blockas. Meseritz, 1858. G. Kade. Gyrolepis Kadc. 17, 18; orthotype G. posnaniensis Kade (fossil). Name pre occupied ; perhaps a Oiplopterax. Archxacanthus Kade. 19; orthotype A. quadrisulcatus Kadc (fossil). A synonym of O.VCHUS. SpiroduB Kade, 20; orthotype S. regularis Kade (fossil). 623. KAUP(1858). Uebersicht dcr Familie Gadidx, 191 Callopterus, s. 284 Calloptilum. s, 222 Calophysus. 216 Calopomus. d, 224 Calycilepidotus. 262 Camarina, s, 255 Campodus, 220 Camposlonia. 261 Caiiinoa, d. 221 Caninotus, s, 222 Cannorhynchus, s, 241 Canthcrines, 205 Canthidermis, 204 Canthigaster, 198 Canthirhynchus, s, 202 t'aiuhophrys. s, 204 Cantoria, 282 Capcllaria, s, 235 Capitodus. 212 Capocta, 210 Capriscus. s, 204 Caprodon, 216 Caprophonus. s, 243 Capropygia, 265 Caracanthus, 227 Caragola. s. 249 Carangichthys, s, 2S0 Carangodes, d. 270 Carangoidcs. 248 Carangnpsis. 181, 218 Carangus, d. 180 Carapiis. d, 243 Carassius, 176 Carcharias. s. 2M Carcharodon Smith, 190 Carcharodon M.&H.. 192 Carcharopsis, s, 214 Carcluphus, s. 226 Cariniceps, s, 260 Carpio, s, 281 Catla, s, 219 Catochxnuin, s, 241 Catonotus, d, 254 Catophorhynchus, s, 263 Catopra, s, 248 Catoprion, 221 Catoplerus .\g., 177 Catopterus Rcdtield, s. 190 Catulus, ,5, 19(J Caturus, 179 Cebedichthys, 262 Cenisophius, d. 226 Centaiirus. s, 265 Ctntracion, d, 176 Ccnlridermiclithys, 222 Centrodus M'Coy. s, 243 Centrodus Giebcl, 231 Centrolcpis, 280 Centrogcnys, 212 Contri>m()cliliis, 282 Ceiitropli.irus. d, 192 Ccntroscyllium. 193 Centrurophis, j, 271 Cephalaspis, 181 Ccphalinus. s, 259 Ccplialocassis, 278 Ccplialus Boil., s, 226 Ceplialus Basilcwski, s, 262 Ceplius. s, 203 Cepolophis, s, 272 Ceramurus, 226 Ccratias, 227 C ratichthys Baird & Grd , 252 Ceraticliihys Girard. s. 270 Ceratodus, d. 191 Ceraloptcra, s. 193 Cerdo, s. 235 Cerna. d. 187 Cistr.-ciis, d. 185 Cistrius McClelland. 212 Ccstrinis Grunow. ,f, 2.58 Chaca, 206 Clixnirlilliys, .t, 222 Cha;nogobiiis, 280 Ch.T:tichtliys, s. 238 Chxtobranchus, 207 Chaetodermis, 205 Cha-tolabrus, s, 199 Cliajtomus, 220 ChaitoptiTus, s, 223 Cbaitostoma, 230 Cba:turichtliys, 222 Cbalcinus, 242 Chalisoma. s, 204 Chanda. 172 Channichthys. 222 Channo-Mura;na, 223 Charax, s. 173 Chasmodes, 185 Chaunax, 229 Clu-drus, s. 202 Clieilichtbys. s, 196 Chcilinoidi-s. 248 Chcilol)arl)us. 244 Cheilobraiichus, s, 223 Cheilonemus, d, 266 Cheilopogon, s, 2U7 Chi-ilotrcnia. s, 230 Cheiracantbiis. 181 Cheiriidon, 258 Cheirodus M'Coy, 239 Cheirodus Pander, s, 283 Cheirolepis. 181 Chelonichthys, s. 217 Chelonodon, 196 Chclyophorus. 225 Cheonda, s, 270 Chiastoicpis, 220 Chilodus M. & T., s. 22\ Chilodus Giebel, d. 23\ Cbilomycterus, 228 Cliiloptcrus, d. 283 Chilorliiniis, 249 Chiloscyllium. 192 Cliimxracanthus, s. 283 Chiroci-ntritc-s. s, 242 Cbirolophis, 202 Chiropsis, s. 275 Chirosloma. 200 Chlorichtliys. .f. 200 Chlorophthalmiis. 206 Chloriirus, s, 199 Chocrodon, 230 Chocroichthys, 254 Charops, s, 251 Chologastcr. 251 THE GENER.\ OF FISHES, PART II Chomatodus, 190 Chondrochilus, s, 211 Chondrorhynchus, s, 211 Chondrosteus Egert., 280 Chondrosteus Ag., 217 Chondrostoma, 180 Chonerhinos, 256 Choridactylus, 240 Chorisochismus, 228 Chromichthys, 280 Chromis, s, 259 Chrysichthys, 278 Chrysiptera, d, 199 Chrysoblephus, d, 199 Cibotion, s, 265 Cichlasoma, d, 200 Cichlaurus, d, 198 Cichlops, s, 143 Ciliata. 176 Cimolichthys, 273 Citharinus, 243 Cirrhilabrus, 227 Cirrhimuraena, 271 Cirrhisomus, s, 205 Cirrhitichthys, 274 Cirripectes, s, 202 Citliarus, s, 193 Cladacanthus, s, 213 Cladocyclus, 208 Cladodus, 213 Clarotes, 265 Climatius, 225 Cliniaxodus, s, 239 Clinitrachus, s, 197 Clinostomus, d, 270 Cliola, s. 269 Clupeichthys, s, 264 Clupeoides, s, 247 Clupcoriia, d, 231 Clupisoma, 204 Clupisudis, 202 Clypcocottus, s, 255 Cnidon, s, 227, 243 Cobiitichthys, s, 279 Cobitbpsis. 254 Coccodus, 247 Coccolepis, 218 Coccolus Bon., s, 226, 284 Coccolus Cocco, s, 219 Coccosteus. 218 Cochliodus, 191 Cochlognathus, 255 Cocotropus, 282 Codoma, 270 Coecilophis, s, 271 Ccelacanthus, 218 Coelocepbalus, s, 219 CtL-lodus, d, 270 Ccelolepis, 273 Ccelogaster, 181 Coelonotus, 266 Caloperca, d, 224 Ca-lopoma, s, 224 Ccelorhynchus. 219 Coius, 172 Colobodus, s, 217 Colonodus, 239 Compsacanthus, s, 273 Conchodus, 239 Coiiger, s, 167 Congermuraena, s, 272 Congerodon Kaup, 271 Congerodon Blkr., 277 Congiopus, 170 Congrus, s, 223 Conodus, s, 217 Cnnorhynchos. 278 Conosaurus, d, 246 Conostome, d, 269 Coptodon, 253 Corax, 214 Cordylus. s, 259 Corica, d, \72 Corynopoma. s, 281 Corylholiatus. d. 241 Corytliioichthys, s, 253 Cosmacanthus, 225 Cosmolepis, 280 Cossyphus Cuv. & Val.. s. 194 Cossyphus McClelland, s, 220 Cottopsis, d, 249 Cotylephorus, s. 204 Cotylis, s, 215 Couchia, s, 274 Crassilabrus, d, 199 Crenicichla, 207 Creotroctcs, s, 237 Cricathanthus, s, 213 Cricodus, 217 Cristiceps, 185 Crius, s, 223 Cromileptes, 198 Crossorhinus, s, 192 Cryptacanthodes, 197 Cryptocentrus, 188 Ctenacanthus, 186 Ctenodon Nilsson, s, 266 Ctenodon Bon., s, 175 Ctenodon Sw., s, 201 Ctenodus, d, 191 Ctenogobius, 281 Ctenolabrus, 194 Ctenolepis, d, 217 Ctenopoma Peters, 230, 266 Ctenopoma Heckel, s, 270 Ctenops, s, 227 Ctenoptychius. 190 Cubiceps, s, 215 Culius, s, 267 Culter, d, 262 Cyanichthys, s, 265 Cyclarthrus, d, 214 Cyclichthys, 265 Cycloliatis, 220 Cyclopium, 204 Cyclopoma, 177 Cyclurus, d, 218 Cylindracanthus, d, 273 Cymatogaster, 257 Cynsdus, s, 200 Cynichthys, s, 198 Cynicoglossus, d, 187 Cynoglossa, s, 226 Cynoponticus, 228 Cynopotamus, 242 Cyprinella, 270 Cyprinion. 211 Cyprinopsis, s, 187 Cypselurus, 203 Cyrene. s, 215 Dajaus, d, 185 Damalichthys, 258 Dangila, 210 Dapalis, 238 Dascillus, .f, 259 Dasybatus, s, 187 Datnioides, s, 252 INDEX Davalla. 278 Dcccptcrus, 24S Dcmiurga. s, 237 Dcndrochirus, 198 Ucndrodus, 209 Ucnius, s, 237 Ucportator, s, 237 Uercctis, 180 Dcrmogenys, !72 Dcsmacanthus, s, 283 Diabolichthys, s, 270 Diacantha, s, 204 Diaphasia, s, 215 Diaptcrus, 208 Uichelospondylus, s, 268 Dichotomycter, s, 263 Uicotylichthys, 265 Dicrenodus. 254 Dictca, s, 207 Dictyodus, 196 iJictyopyge, 231 nictyosoma, 227 Llil'onia. 211 Ijiliibomyctcr, s, 263 I timtracanthus, 229 iJiiicmatichthys. 263 Dionda, 269 iJiphrcutcs, d, 241 Uiplacanthus Duff, 210 !:placanthus Ag., 225 Uiplcctrum, 265 Diplocheilus, 172 Diplodua. s, 213 IJiplomyste. 269 Diploptcrax, 265 Diploptcrus. s, 181 Uiptcronotus, 256 Diptcrigonotus, s, 240 Discognathtis, s, 211 Uiscopygc, 230 Distichodus M & T.. 227 Uisticliodus Cuv. & Val.. 242 Disticholcpis, s, 247 Ditrcma. 223 Doryrliamphus, 254 Doryichthys, 254 Doydixodon, 266 Doryptcrus. 212 Drepanc. d, 175 Duclor. 218 Dulichthys, d, 175 Dussumicria, 231 DuymaTia. 267 Echemythcs, s, 235 Echenus, s, 224 Echidnoccphalus, d, 283 Echiodon, s, 190 Echiupsis, s, 271 Ecliiustoma, 215 Edaphoduii. 191 Edcstus, 272 Eiagatis, 206 Elapsopsis, s, 27\ Elasinodus, 214 Elastoma, s, 198 Elllpesurus, 212 Ellops. s, 236 Eiruthurus, s, 171 Elonichthys. 233 Elopopsis, 270 Elopides, 219 Elops, s, 175 Elcotriodcs, 275 Embiotoca. 252 Emmelichthys, 223 Encheiziphius, 276 Encheliophis, 215 Enchdycore, 271 Encliclycotte, s. 268 Enchclynassa, d, 265. 271 Enchelyopus, s, 181. 218 Enchodus, 181 Encrotcs, s, 236 Endactis, s, 280 Englottogastcr, d, 236 Enixe, d, 235 Enneaptcrygius, 184 Enncodon, s, 259 Ennichtliys, s, 258 Enoplirys. 202 Enoplosus, 169 Epalzcorliynchos. 264 Epcrlanus Gaimard. s. 249 Epcrlanus Basilcwsky, s 262 Ephippoin, d, 263 Epicyrtus. s, 22\ Epinnula, 260 Epipedurhynchus, t, 263 Erethistcs, 243 Erisinacaiithus. 23\f Erosa, 197 Erpiclitliys, s, 202 Erythrichtliys T. &S.. s, 227 Erylhriclithys Bon , s, 175 Eryllirinus, 173 Erythrodon. s, 251 Erychthys. s. 199 Esomus, 202 Esunculus, d, 272 Etrumcus, 253 Euancnius, s, 216 Eucinoslomus. 274 Eucynodus. 260 Eudynama, s. 238 Eugnathiis. d, 194 Euptmis, s, 200 Euporisia, s, 237 Eupnoca, s, 238 Euryarthra, s. 214 Euryglossa, 282 Eurygnathus. s, 224 Eurylepsis, 276 Eurymyctera, s. 271 Eurynotus. s, 181 Eurypholis, s, 247 Eurypleura. s, 282 Eutropius, 243 Exocallus. s, 183 Exodon, d, 22\ Exolcs. s, 236 Fario, s, 233 Farionclla, s. 242 Feiiclithys. d. 203 l-"iuta. s. 169 Furo, d, 236 Gadclla, 215 Gadiculus, 246 Gadopsis Rich., 223 Gadopsis Filippi. s, 265 Gadopsis Ag., s, 224 Gagata. 279 Galciclithys, 206 Galcoccrdo, 192 Galcodcs, d. 259 Gallichthys. s. 178 Gamhusia, 260 THE GENERA OF FISHES, PART II Ganodus, 214 Gardonus, s, 226 Gasteronemus Ag., 177 Gasteroschisma, 227 Gasterotokeus, s, 253 Gastronemus Bon., s, 226 Gastrophysus, s, 216 Gazza, 184 Geneion, s, 263 Genicanthus, s, 198 Genidens, 264 Gonyoroge, 241 Genypterus, 276 Geophagus, 207 Geotria. 249 Gilielion, 211 Gila, 252 Ginglymostoma, 190 Girardinus. s, 261 Girella. 179 Giton, s, 268 Glanis Ag., s, 267 Glanis Gronow, s, 259 Glaphyrodus, s, 228 Glaucosoma, 216 Glaucostegus, s, 225 Gliscus. s, 235 Globulodus, 212 Glossodon, s, 211 Glossodus Costa, s, 253 Glossodus M'Coy, 239 Glyptocephalus Gottsche, 182 Glyptocephalus Ag., s, 217 Glyptolaemus, s, 284 Glyptolepis, 218 Glyptopomus, 218 Glyptostcrnon, 212 Glyptostcus, s, 217 Giiathanacanthus, 263 Gnathanodon, 247 Gobileptes, d, 198 Gobiodon, 267 Gomphodus, s, 274 Goniobatis, s, 277 Goniodus, s, 184 Goniognathus, s, 218 Gonqcephalus, s, 258 Gonopterus, s, 258 Gonorliynclius, s, 195 Gonostoma, s, 172 Gouania, 176 Grammichthys, s, 282 Gremilla, s, 234 Grundulus, 228 Giiiritinga, 278 Gunnellichthys. 277 Gunnellus, s. 185 Gymnachirus, 282 Gymnapistes, 201 Gymnelis, 193 Gymnocanthus, 202 Gymnocephalus, s, 191 Gymnogaster, s, 168 Gymnostomus, 211 Gymnothorax, 168 Gymnura, s, 190 Gyracanthus, 186 Gyrodus, 177 (jyrolepis Kade, s, 281 Gyrolepis Ag., 177 Gyronchus, 217 Gyropristis, s, 213 Gyroptychius, 239 Gyrosteus Ag., 217 Gyrosteus Egert., 280 Hadrodus, 283 Hadropterus, 254 Halec, 180 Halccopsis, 218, 219 Halicampus, 253 Halichoeres, d, 184 Halieutrea, 189 Halocypsclus, s. 284 Hamillonia, s, 200 Hapalogenys, 222 Haplacanthus, 225 Harengula, 231 Harpagifer, 222 Harpnchirus, d, 241 Harpodon. 172 Hegcrius, d, 226 Hebcobranchus, s, 260 Helicophagus, 277 Holmichthys, s, 256 Helodus, 190 Helops, 178 Hemerococtcs, 189 Hemichromis, 276 Hcmidoras, s, 278 Hemigaleus, d, 250 Hemigrammus, 281 Hemiodus M. & T., 243 Hemiodus MuUer, 216 Hemiodon, 260 Hemimarsupium, 254 Hemipimelodus. 278 Hemipristis, 214 Hemirhyncbus, s, 219 HemiscylHum, 190 Hemisilurus, 279 Hemistoma. s, 199 Hemitbylacus, .f. 272 Hemitrygon, 190 Hemiulis, d, 199 Hepsetia. 187 Heptadiodon, 264 Heptanema, 274 Heptapteriis, 278 Heptatrema, s, 268 Hericbthys, s, 255 Heros, s, 207 Herpetoichthys, .?, 271 Hesperanthias, s, 215 Heterandria, 251 Heterodon, s, 225 Heterognathodon, s, 233 Heterognatbus, s, 258 Heteromycteris, 282 Heterophtbalmus, s, 267 Heteropncustes, 196 Heterosteus, s, 267 Heterosticbtbus, 258 Heterotis Miiller, s, 216 Heterotis Cuv. & Val., s, 229 Hexabranchus, s, 184 Hexacanthus, d, 193 Hexanematichthys, 278 Hicroptera, s, 209 Himantolopbus. 193 Hiiiiantura. 190 Hipjiicbtbys, 241 Hippoccpbalus, d, 202 Hippoglossoides, 182 Histiodromus, s, 234 Histionotiis. 256 Histiurus, s, 245 Holacantbodcs, .s, 233 Holacantbiis, s, 258 INDEX Til Holconotus, 2SS Holochondrus, s, 261 Holodus, s. 228 Holoptychus, 194 Holostcus, 219 Homacanthus, 225 Hnmalopomus, s, 269 Homodon, s, 230 Homonotus, 245 Homoprion, s, 265 Homostius, 267 Homothorax, s, 225 Hoplisoma, s, 203 Hoplocottus. s. 282 Hoplogj'gus, s, 217 Hoplophycis, s, 281 Hoploptcryx, 191 Hoplosternum. 281 Hiidsonius, d, 270 Huso, s. \77 Hybodus, 186 Hybognathus, 261 Hybopsis, 254 Hyborchyunchus, 261 Hydrocion, s, 269 Hydrocynus, 171 Hydrolycus, 221 Hydronus, s, 176 Hydropardus, s, 244 Hylomyzon, s, 261 Hymenphysa, s, 195 Hynnis. 178 Hyoprorus, s. 254 Hyostoma, s, 254 Hypcncus. s, 228 Hyperprosopon, 257 Hypnos. s, 250 Hypodytes. d, 235 Hypolophus. s, 193 Hypoprion, 192 Hypsinotus. s, 223 Hypsodon, d. 186, 219 Hypsolcpis, s, 245, 255 Hypsophrys, s, 277 Hystcrocarpus. 257 trania. 282 Icclus. 226 Ichthyapus. s, 231 Ichthycalliii. .5. 200 Iclithyncampus, 253 Iclithyococcus, 206 Ichthyocolla, 168 Ichthyocoris, s, 206 Ichthyurhynchus, s, 274 Ichtbyosauroidcs, 189 Ichthyscopus, 202 Idus, 281 Ilarches, d. 241 Ilisha, 227 IluocoEtes, 212 Imogaster, 275 lonoscopus, 253 Ischyodus, 214 Ischypterus, s, 231 Ischyrhiza, s, 272 Iscbyrocephalus, s, 283 Isodus M'Coy, 239 Isndus Heckel, s, 243 Isticus. 219 Isurus Egcrt., s, 189 Isurus Ag.. s, 218 Janassa, 176 Kentrocapros, 265 Kcris, 181 Kctcngus, 230, 278 Kokkoderma, 283 Kowala, 231 Krohnius, 219 Kryptopterichthys. 279 Krytopterus, 279 Labcobarbus, s, 186 Labrichthys, 256 Labrisomus, 202 Labristoma, s, 200 Labrodon. 275 Labroides, 248 Labrophagiis, d, 224 Lactarius, 178 Lactophrys. 204 Lagoccphalus. 205 f^gndon, 265 Ijcmargus, s. 192 l-Tviraja, d. 187 Lamnodus, s, 225 Lamnostomo, 271 Lampanyctus. 206 Lam pet ra. 249 Lampugus. .r, 178 Laparus. d. 224 Latro1abr.ix, d, 274 Latris, 197 Laurida, s, 203 Lavinia, 257 Lcbiasina, 229 Lcgnonotus, 256 Leiacanthus. 186 Leiocassis, 278 Leiocottus, 269 Lciodon Wood, s, 232 Leiodon Sw., 198 Leioglossus. 248 Leiopsis, 174 Leirus, s, 179 Leisomus, s, 205 Leiuranus, d, 253 Lciurus Dum., s, 268 Leiurus Sw., s, 200, 205 Lepidion, d, 203 Lepidocephalus, 279 Lepidogobiiis. 280 Lcpidopides. s, 246 Lepidorhinus, 225 Leipidosiren, 189 Lepisoma. s. 210 Lcptacanthus. 186 Leptaspis. s, 250 Lcptocarias, 190 Lcptocepbalichthys. s, 267 Lcptoccphalus, s, 262 Leptocharias, s, 193 Leptocottus, 257 Leptodes, s, 203 Loptognathus, s, 205 Lcptogiinnellus. 262 Lcptoicbthys, 254 Lcptonotus. 253 Lcptoniirus. .t. 241 Leptorhinophis, s, 271 Lcptorhynchiis Lowe, s, 244 Leptorhvnchus Smith, s, 251 Leptoscarus, 199 Lepturus, ,;, 259 Lcucaspius, 281 Leucos, d, 215 Leucosnmus, d, 211 Libys, 212 Limamur.Tna. s. 271 Limanda, 182 Vlll THE GENERA OF FISHES, PART II Limia. s, 261 Lioniscus. 185 Lithognathus, 199 Lithulcus, d, 238 Lophistomus, d, 250 Lophosteus, 274 Lotella, 281 Loxodon, 192 Loxostomus, d, 224 Luciobarbus, 211 Luciocephalus, 247 Luciosoma, 264 Lumpus. s, 171 Lutoderia, s, 184 Lycodes. 193 Lycodontis, d, 220 Lycodus, 283 Lycogenis, d, 174 Lycoptera, 239 Machaeracanthus, 276 Machasrium, s, 216 Machsrius, s, 284 Macrochyrus, s, 201 Macrodon, s, 216 Macrognathus, s, 259 Macroncs, s, 269 Macropetalichthys, 229 Macropoma Ag., 181, 217 Macropoma Egert., s, 280 Macrops, s, 269 Macrosemius, 179 Macrostoma, s, 191 Maina, s, 236 Malacosteus, 240 Manta, 174 Massaria, s, 236 Maurolicus, 191 Mecolcpis. s, 273 Meda, 269 Megalaspis, 248 Megalepis, s, 262 Megalicbthys, s, 185, 217 Megalodon, 181 Megalurites, d, 245 Megalurus, s, 177 Megaprotodon, 238 Mcgastoma, s, 226 Meladerma. s, 200 Mclanichtbys. s, 223 Mclantha. s. 238 Melanodactylus, 278 Melanura, s, 252 Meletta, s, 231 Mclichthys. 204 Memarchus, s, 268 Membras, 187 Menaspis, 233 Mendosonia, 238 Menidia. 187 Meristodon, d, 214 Merlinus, d, 224 Merlucius, s, 259 Merlus, s, 238 Merou, s, 175 Mesites, s, 212 Mesodon, s, 250 Mesogaster, 219 Mesopristes, s, 225 Metopias, s, 215 Microcanthus, 198 Microchirus, 187 Microdon, s, 177 Microdonophis, s, 271 Microdus. d, 275 Microgaster, s, 199 Microichthys. 251 Microlepis Eichw.. d, 220 Microlepis Bon., s, 226 Micrometrus. 257 Micronema. 279 Microphis, 254 Micropogonias, s, 175 Microps, s, 177 Microspondylos, d, 217 Microstomus, d. 182 Minomus, J. 269 Mochokus, 182 Mola. s, 215 Molacanthus. s, 205 Molarii, s, 223 Molvella, J, 281 Moniana, s, 270 Monochirus Bon., s, 282 Monochirus Kaup, ,s, 187 Monocirrhus. 207 Monotreta. s. 263 Monopteros, 169 Mordacia, s, 249 Mormyrhynchus, s. 203 Mormyrops, 216 Mormyrus, 167 Mulloides. 240 Mupus. 178 Mun-enesox, 220 Muraenichthys, 252 Muraenoblenna, s, 272 Mursenopsis. s, 271 Mylesinus, 242 Myleus, 221 Mylocheilus, 262 Mylognathus, d, 272 Mylopharodon, 262 Myriacanthus, 186 Myriodon, s, 230 Myrmillo, s, 237 Myrophis, 249 Myrus, s, 271 Mystriophis, 271 Mystus, s. 259 Mytilophagus, s, 257 Narcine, 180 Narcodes, d, 225 Narcopterus, d, 214 Nasus, s, 262 Nauclerus, s, 178 Naulas, 225 Naupygus, d, 224 Neanis, s, 236 Nebrius, d, 184 Nemacanthus, 186 NemadactyliKs, 197 Nematogcnys, 258 Nematopoma, .f, 281 Nematosoma, d. 176 Ncniichthys, 240 Nemipterus. 199 Nemobrama, j. 223 Ncmophis, 281 Neniopteryx, 219 Nemotherus Costa, .s. 180 Nemotherus Sw., s, 201 Nephrotus, s, 249 Nestis, s, 185 Notuma, 278 Nocomis, 269 Nomalus, s. 234 Nostolepis, 274 Notacmon, 236 NotKus, 218 Notagogus, 177 INDEX IX Nothosoma, 280 Nothosonius. 217 Notorhynchus, 216 Notothenia, 222 Nuinmopalalus, s, 284 Nuria. s. 210 Ocloncmatichthys. 278 Odontacanthus. s. 225 Odontaspis, d. 184 Odonteus, s, 194 Odontostomus, s. 191 Odontotodus. 274 Odonus, d, 238 Ognichodes, s, 202 Oligocottus. 269 Oligopleurus. 247 Olisthops, 247 Olyra, 212 Ommatolampes, 246 Omobranchus, s, 185 (Jiiiosoma. 275 Omphalodus, s, 232 Onchus. 186 Onychodus, 276 Ophicardia, s, 220 Ophichthys. s, 205 Ophiodon. 257 Ophiopsis, 179 Ophirachis, d, 268 Ophisoma. s, 205 Ophisomus. s, 202 Ophistcrnon. s, 220 Ophisurapus, s, 271 Ophithorax, s. 220 CJplcgnathus. 208 Opiopoma, s, 269 ( )plopomus. 188 Opsarius, d, 195 Oracanthus, 186 Orcctoiohus. 187 Orcinus. d. 195 Orcstias, 228 Ornichthys, *. 201 Orodus. 190 Oroptychu*. d, 228 ( )rthacanthit5, d, 213 ()rthi>c<)Iu9. s, 238 Orthodon, 269 Osmeroidcs. 219 Osteobrama. s, 211 Osteogcneiosus, 230 Ostcoglossutn, s. 262 Ostcoplax. 239 Ostichthys, 174 Ostogeneiosus. 278 Otodus. d. 214 Oxuderces, 213 Oxybeles, s, 223 Oxycirrhites. 274 Oxydoras. 265 Oxygnathus. 264 (Jxygonius, d, 226 Oxyrhina, s. 190. 218 Oxytes. 231 Oxyurichthys, 279 Ozodura. s, 196 Pachycephalus, d, 224 P.ichycormus. 177 Pachygastcr, 231 Pachylabrus, j. 257 Pachylcpis Pander, s, 274 Pachylepis Qucnstedt, s, 283 Pachynatlius, s, 199 Pachyptcrus. s, 204 Pacliyrhizodus. 246 Pachystomiis. j. 211 Pachyurus. s, 205 Pagetodes, 222 Pal.-EoI)atcs. 243 Paheoscylliuni. 276 Palajoteuthis, s, 266 Palamita. d. 175 Pallasia. s. 196 Palimphycs, 218 Pamphractus. s. 218 Pampus, 187 Palymphycs. 231 Pangasius. 206 Parahatrachus, 254 Parachromis. d. 277 Paralabrax. 269 Parciodon, 265 Parcxus, 225 Parodon, 242 Paroplirys. 257 Paschalfslcs, i, 236 Passolodon. s, 191 Pastinaca Dckay, s, 210 Pastinaca Gronow, s. 258 Pastinaca Duiniril, s, 268 Pataecus, 222 Pedalion. s, 193 Peditcs, d, 236 Pelargorhynchus. 283 Pekcus. 180 Pdlona. s. 231 Pflonectes, s, 234 Peloria, s. 219 Pentaprion. 245 Pcrca-Labrax. d. 213 Pcrcarina, 207 Percichthys. 258 Percilia, 258 Pcrcina, 211 Percopsis, 232 Percostoma. d, 224 Pericrgus. 237 Pcrilampus, s. 195 Periodus. 217 Periophthalmus, 169 Peristhethus. s. 282 Pcromcrc. s. 268 Peroptcra. s, 238 Peropus. s, 195 Pttalodus. 207 Pctalopteryx, 247 Petroccphalus. 260 Petrodus, 239 Pctronason, s, 199 Pctroscirtts. 173 Phmodon. s. 247 Phasganudus, 283 Phasganus, d. 224 Phagorus. 220 Phalacronotus, 279 Plialacrus. s, 224 Phancrodon. 258 PhaniTopliuron. 284 Pharoptcryx. s. 251 Philypnoidcs, s. 241 Philypnus. s. 188 Phobetor. s. 226 Pholidichlhys. 267 Pholidopleiirus. 279 Pholidotiis. s. 244 Phorcyniis. s, 261 Pboxiiifllus, 215 Phoxinu*. s. 180 Phucocrctes, 212 THE GENERA OF FISHES, PART 11 Phyllodus, 217 PhyJlolepis, 219 Phyllopteryx, 205 Physichthys, s, 256 Physiculus, 281 Physogaster, s, 196 Physonemus, 239 Piabucina, 242 Pigus, s, 226 Pileoma, s, 210 Pimelonotus, j. 281 Pinirampus, 278 Pinjalo, 225 Piramutana, 279 Pirarara, s, 173 Piratinga, 279 Pirene, s, 235 Pisodonophis, 271 Pisodus, d, 227 Placosteus, s, 217 l^lacothorax, s, 218 Plagiusa, s, 187 Plagusia Sw., s, 203 Plagusia Bon., s, 226 Planesox, d, 260 Platacanthus, d, 246 Platichthys, 257 Platinx, s, 181 Platophrys, 203 Platops, s, 260 Plataxoides, s, 264 Platyacanthus, s, 239 Platycanthus, s, 204 Platycara, s, 195 Platycormus, 283 Platygaster, s, 203 Platygenys, 260 Platygnathus, s, 218 Platyla;mus, 245 Platylcpes, s, 200 Platynematichthys, 279 Platypodus, 169 Platyptera, s, 189 Platypterus, s. 201 Platyrhina, d, 193 Platysoma, s, 185 Platysomus Ag., d, 181 Platysomus Sw., .s, 201 Platysqualus, .f. 204 Platystacus, s, 168 Pl^coglossus, 230 Plectrodus, s, 194 Plectrolepis Ag., s, 181, 218 Plectrolepis Egert., s, 246 Plectrostoma, s, 237 Pleionemus, d, 218 Pleiopterus, j, 181 Plethodus, d, 245 Pleuracanthus, j, 186 Pleurodus. d, 213 Pleurolepis, s, 251 Pleuronichthys, 257 Pleuropholis, 280 Pleurothyris, s, 215 Pneumabranchus, s, 220 Podabrus, i, 240 Podager, s, 236 Podocephalus, d, 224 Podocys, 191 Pododus, d, 217 Pogonathus, s, 175 Pogonichthys. 257 Pogonognathus, s, 240 Poecilichthys, 254 Pcecilocephalus, .f, 271 Piccilodus, 266 Precilophis, s, 272 Poccilops, 254 Poecilosoma, s, 245 Pcecilurichthys, 281 Polemius, s, 282 Pollachius, 226 Polyacanthus, 173 Polycanthus, s, 200 Polycentrus, 239 Polymixia. 192 Polyphractus. j. 218 Polypterichthys, s, 252 Polyrhizodus, 239 Polyuranodon, s, 272 Poinanotis, 232 Pomaphractus, s, 224 Pomatotnus, s, 173 Poniognathus, s, 245 Pompilus. 195 Porichthys, 258 Porodcrma, 190 Porthmeus, s, 178 Prcncs, d. 237 Prilonotus, s, 261 Priodontichthys, s, 175 Prionace, 242 Prionodes, 211 Prionodon, s, 192 Prionolepis, 245 Prionurus, 169 Priopis, 174 Pristeacanthus, 186 Pristicladodus, s, 266 Pristidurus, s, 194 Pristigenys, 181, 194 Pristophorus, 192 [^ristipomoides, 250 Pristiurus, 208 Pristolepis, 239, 246 Pristotis, s, 184 Prochilus, d. 168 Promecocophalus, s, 262 Prometheus, s, 209 Propalseoniscus, d, 254 Propterus, 179 Proscinetes, 237 Prosopodasys, d, 241 Protomelus, s, 209 Protopterus, 196 Protosphyrsena, 273 Prymnothonus, d, 223 Psanimolepis, d, 217 Psammoperca, 223 Psammosteus, 225 Psenes, 178 Psetta, 203 Psettichthys, 257 Psettodes, 174 Pseudobagrus, 278 Pscudobarbus. 244 Pseudoblennius, 274 Pseudochromis, 184 Pscudoclinus, s, 247 Pseudodoras, 278 Pscudophoxinus, 211 Pseudoplcsiops, 278 Pseudosilurus, s, 279 Psilacanthus, 283 Psilocephalus, 205 Psilonotus, s, 205 Psilorhynchus, .5, 195 Psilosomus, s, 198 Psittacodon, j, 214 Ptenichthys, s, 216 INDEX XI Pteraclis. 168 Pteragogus, 266 Pterapon. s, 179 Pteraspis, 232 Pterichthys Miller, s. 209 Pterichthys Sw., d. 201 Pterocephala, s. 204 Pteroidichthys, 267 Pteroleptus, s, 201 Ptcronemus, s, 243 Pteronotus, s, 204 Pterophyllum. 207 Pteroplatea, 193 Pteroptcrus. s, 198, 201 Pterozygus, d, 183 Pterure. s. 268 Pterurus, s, 205 Pterycombus, 189 Plerygocephalus, d, 194 Pterygoplichthys, 281 Ptychacanthus, s, 186 Ptychocheilus, 262 Ptychodus. 194 Ptycholcpis, 211 Ptychopleurus, d, 190 Ptychostonius, s, 261 Ptyctodus. 283 Ptyobranchus, s, 220 Pusichthys, j, 204 Pycnacanthus, d, 250 Pycnodus, 177 Pycnoslerina. 243 Pygacanthus, 260 Pygaius. 191 Pygidium, 182 Pygoccntrus, 221 Pygoptcrus, 177 Pygopristis, 221 Pyrodon. s. 265 Pyrrhulina, 229 Rabdacanthus, 274 Rabdiolcpis, d, 275 Rabdophorus, d. 198 Racoma. 212 Radamas, 229 Rajabatis, s, 183 Rama. 279 Ramphistoma. d, 203 Ranzania, 196 Raphiosaunis. 212 Raphistoma, d, 170 Rhabdolepis, 276 Rhachinotus, 242 Rhacochilus, 255 Rhacolcpis, 208 Rhadamista, d, 235 Khamdia. 278 Rhamphichthys. 243 Rhaniphognathus, 219 Khamphornlinia. 275 Rhatnphosus, 218 Khinecanthus. s, 204 Rhincllus. d, 217 Rhineodon Smith, 174, 244 Rhinesomus, s, 204 Rhinichthys. 232 Rhinocephalus. d, 223 Rhinocryptis, s, 222 Rhinoptera, 173 Rhipidolepis, d, 224 Rhizodus, .1, 207 Rhodeus, 180 Rhomboides, s, 171 Khomhoidichthys, s, 267 Rhonchus. s, 224 Rhynchobatis Philippi, s, 276 Rhynchobatis M. & H., 192 Rhynconcodcs, s, 245 Rhynchorinus, d, 219 Rhynchotus. s, 263 Richardsonius, 270 Rita, 278 Rogenia, s, 231 Rohita, s, 210 Rohtcc. 210 Ronchifex. s, 235 Rupiscartcs. d, 202 Rupisuga, s, 206 Ruppellia, s, 202 Ruvcttus. 178 Rytidolcpis. d, 273 Saccobranchus, s, 206 Salar, s, 233 Salmopcrca. s, 249 Salmnphasia. 202 Salmostoma, s, 198 Salvclini, 176 Salvelinus, 186 Sandroscrrus, 251 Sarda. s, 259 Sardinclla, 231 Sardiniodcs. 283 Sardinius, 283 Sarginites, s, 245 Sargodon, 232 Sarolhcrodon, 251 Sarpa, d, 175 Saurichthys. 179 Saurida, 242 Sauridichthys, s, 278 Sauriptcris. 214 Sauropsidium, 245 Saurorhamphus, 246 Saurorhynchus, 207 Saurostomus, 177 Scaphiodon. 211 Scaphirhynchus Heckel, d. 185 Scaphirhynchus Miiller, d, 182 Scaphodus, 217 Scardinius, 187, 226 Scarodon. d, 223 Scartelaos. 202 Scarus, s. 240 Schi'diostcus. 273 Schilbeichthys, s, 279 Schilbcodes, 279 Schilus, 176 Schismatorhynchos, 264 Schistura, s, 195 Schizopyge, 215 Schizothorax, d, 192 Sciadeichthys, 278 Sciadcs, 243 Sciainoidcs. s, 247 Scia:nurus Ag., s, 223 Scia:nurus Owen, d, 260 Sclerodus. 194 Sclcrognathus, s. 219 Sclerolepis, s, 220 Scoliodon, 190 Scombrinus, 224 Scombrops. 227 Scopas. s. 175 Scorparnichthys MIkr.. s. 267 Scorpmichthys Grd . 257 Scorpa:nodcj, 275 Scorpsenopsis, 189 xu THE GENERA OF FISHES, PART II Scorpichthes, s, 226 Scrofaria, s, 235 Scropha, d, 235 Scrophicephalus, s, 198 Scylliodus, d, 214 Scymnorhinus, 225 Scytallurus, s, 268 Scytalophis, 271 Secutor. 235 Selachidea. d, 251 Selar, 248 Selaroides, 248 Selenaspis, 278 Selenia, 226 Semiophorus, 191 Seriolella, 238 Seriolichthys, s, 255 Seriphus, 255 Serranichthys, s, 264 Serrolepis, 251 Setipinna. 203 Siboma, 270 Sicarius, s, 272 Sicyases, 216 Sicyogaster, s, 228 Siderea, s, 271 Silonia, 203 Silundia, s, 206 Siluranodon, 279 Silurichthys, 278 Silus, s, 179 Siphonodus, 250 Siphonognathus, 276 Sirembo, 277 Skeponopodus, s, 179 Smecticus, s, 266 Smerdis, s, 177 Solegnathus, 205 Solenognathus, s, 268 Solcnorhynchus, 259 Sotnileptes, s, 204 Soricidens, 212 Spaniodon, 247 Spanius, s, 236 Sparisoma, 199 Sparnodus. 191 Spathobatis, s, 244, 261 Sphserodon, s, 194 Sphjerodus. d, 184 Sphagodus. d. 194 Sphenacantlnis, 186 Spliecephalus, 191 Sphenodus, d, 214 Sphenolepis, d, 218 Spheiionchus, s, 213 Sphoerodus, s. 177 Sphyra, s, 243 Sphyrasnodus, 209, 219 Sphyrichthys, s, 173 Spinacanthus, 219 Spinacorhinus, s, 184 Spinax Bon., s, 225 Spinax Cuv. & Val., s, 175 Spirodus, 281 Spondyliosoma, 241 Spratella, 231 Spratelloides, 248 Spurco. s, 174 Squalius, s, 187 Squaloraia, 173 Squalraia. .f. 183 Stagonolepis, d. 225 Steganodictyum, d, 249 Stegastes, 211 Stegophilus, 284 Stegostoma. 192 Stemmatodus, s, 270 Stenacanthus. s, 273 Stenodus, 185 Stenometopus, s, 263 Stenostoma, 246 Stereolepis, 277 Sterledus, s, 225 Sterleta, d. 168 Sterletus, d, 178 Sternarcborhynchus, 264 Sternopygus, 243 Stethochaetus, s, 259 Stetbopterus, d, 252 Stcvardia, 281 Stbenopiis, s. 240 Stigmatopbora, 254 Stigniolepis. 273 Stilbe. s, 210 Stoasodon, s, 242 Stolcphorus, 169 Stomianodon. s, 241 Stomocatus, s, 206 Strephon, s, 235 Strobilodus, s. 250 Stromateoides, s, 248 Stropbidon, s, 220 Stropbodus, s, 191 Strotes, 237 Sturio, s, 182 Sturisonia, 203 Styracodus, s, 242 Syacium, 207 Syniphysodon, 207 Sympterygia. 193 Synanceja, 169 Synanchia, s. 201 Synancidium, s, 216 Synaptura, 241 Synecboglanis, s, 280 Synergus, s, 236 Syngnathoides, 248 Synophrys, d, 224 Sypterus, s, 208 Syrraxis. j-. 208 Syrrbina. s, 192 Systomus, 195 Tasniura, 189, 193 Taractes, 215 Tandanus, 196 Tarsicbtbys, d. 261 Telestcs, 187 Tellia. 253 Temnistia, s, 186 Teraticbthys, d, 172 Tetrabranchiis, s, 248 Tetradracbmum, d, 242 Tetragonolepis. s, 177 Tetraodon, 167 Tctrosomus, s, 2U4 Tbaerodonti.s. s, 220 Thalassoklephtes, s, 235 Tbalassoma, 199 Thalassorhiniis, 192 Tballiurus. 200 Tbarsis. s, 233 Tbaumas, d, 212 Tbauniaturus. 222 Thectodus. j. 221 Thelodus Ag., 194 Tholodus Meyer, d, 229 Tholodus Scbmid, 249 Tbelolepis, s, 274 Tboracopterus, 279 INDEX Xlll Threpterius, 247 Thrissonotus, 217 Thrissops. 177 Thrissoptcrus. s, 270 Thrycomycterus, s, 170 Thunnus, 227 Thyellina. d. 214 Thyestcs, 256 Thyiinus, s. 259 Thyrsoidca. s, 271 Thysanochilus, 276 Tiaroga, 270 Tigoma, 270 Tilapia. 244 Tilesia. s, 203 Tilurus, s, 254 Tinimogaster, s, 226 Tolypelepis, d, 273 Tometes. s, 242 Tomicodon, s. 228 Totnognathus, 246 Tor, 179 Toxophorus, d, 22S Toxopoma, 260 Trachclacanthus, 246 Trachciochismus, 228 Trachclyopterus, 206 Trachiccplialus, s, 201 Trachorystcr. 279 Trachurus Cuv. & Val., s, 259 Trachurus Gronow. s, 178 Trachydcrmus, d, 189 Trachyrhaniphus. 253 Trcmatopsis, 196 Triacanthodes. 277 Trimodon. 192 Triaenophnrichthys. 280 Triaenophorus. s. 280 Triakis. 192 Trichnderma, s, 205 Trichomyctcrus, s, 230 Trichophasia, s. 197 Trichoplcura, s, 2S2 Trichoptcrus. s, 259 Trichosoma. s, 203 Trichosomus, s, 197 Tridcntiger, 280 Trigia, 167 Triglochis. 192 Trigiops, 176 Triglopsis. 257 Trigonodon, 244 Triodus, s, 243 Triplopterus, 266 Tripterus, s, 239 Tristychius 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A CONTRIBUTION TO THE STABILITY OF SCIENTIFIC NOMENCLATURE BY DAVID STARR JORDAN Chancellor-Emeritus of Stanford University Member of the International Commission of Zoological Nomenclature STANFORD UNIVKRSITY, CALIFORNIA PUDLISIIKI) IIV THE UNIVERSITY 1919 Stanford University Press Oifc«[i INTRODUCTORY NOTE The present memoir is the third part of a catalogue of the generic names applied to fishes subsequent to January 1. 1858. With the other parts it is a contribution to the stability of scientific nomenclature, the genera being listed in order of date accompanied by the indication of the type species of each. The first part (1758 to 1833) was intended to serve as an aid to the International Commission of Zoological Nomenclature by bringing to- gether the generic names of fishes as proposed in the formative period of classification, together with the data by which authors who failed to con- form to the Linnwan system could be considered, each on his merits. I had at first no intention of continuing the series beyond 1833. but the data gathered for the first part seemed to make the compilation of the catalogue worth while. Part II covers what I have termed the mediaeval period of tax- onomy— from 1833 to 1858. this completing the first century of names in ichthyology. Part III represents tlie early modern period, dating from Darwin's "Origin of Species" in 1858. In this epoch most authors began to see that the fundamental basis of classification must be genetic and that the problems involved in a natural grouping are vastly more complex than ap- peared to the earlier authors. To paraphrase a saying of Dr. Elliott Coues, genera and species are but larger and smaller twigs of a tree which wc try to arrange as nearly as possible in accordance with nature's ramifi- cations. This view applied to taxonomy involved an extensive subdivision of accepted genera, the genus becoming a genetic conception rather than a convenient pigeon-hole into which to throw species. The effort to reform classification in Ichthyology was undertaken almost simultaneously by three eminent systematists. Dr. Picter Blecker of Java, Dr. .Mbert Giinther of the British Museum, and Dr. Theodore Gill of the Smithsonian Institution. Of these writers Dr. I'leckcr had by far the greatest experience in field work, but iiis use of the writings of other authors was not discriminating, and the names he chose for genera, though technically correct, were largely clumsy and tasteless. Dr. Giinther had at his disposal a greater range of material than any other contemporary writer. His groupings were, however, of unequal value, 286 INTRODUCTORY NOTE and he was more distinctly "conservative" than either Bleeker or Gill. It has long been a sort of tradition in the British Museum that whatever is not found there probably does not exist. Dr. Gill saw more clearly than either of the other two the nature of the classification of the future. His generic names have as a rule a .sound basis, the exceptions being mainly among those based on erroneous records of other writers. In addition to the large expansion of generic names among species already known, the years between 1858 and 1880 mark great accessions of knowledge of the life of the oceanic depths, a series of discoveries due mostly to the voyages of the Challenger and the Albatross, and made known in England by Dr. Giinthcr, and in America by Goode and Bean. To this period belong also the extensive studies of the fresh-water fishes of the United States and the marine fishes of the Eastern Pacific as con- ducted by Jordan and Gilbert. Most of the excellent papers of Franz Steindachner in Vienna, Leon Vaillant in Paris, Christian F. Liitken in Copenhagen, and Joseph Leidy and Edward D. Cope in Philadelphia, oc- cur in this period. I express again my obligations to Barton A. Bean of the United States National Museum, to Masamitsu Oshima, now Scientific Expert of the Fisheries Bureau at Taihoku, Formosa, and to Henry Weed Fowler of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia for assistance in veri- fying records and in examining rare publications. Dr. Louis Hussakof of New York, Theodore D. A. Cockerell of Boulder, Colorado, Allan R. Mc- Culloch, Edgar R. Waite, and J. Douglas Ogilby have also furnished valuable notes. I am again indebted to Mr. R. A. Nelgner of the Stanford University Press for his efforts in securing accuracy and in the prepara- tion of the index. My obligations to Weber and de Beaufort's Index of the Ichthyological Papers of P. Bleeker, to Bashford Dean's Bibliography of Fishes, to Oliver Perry Hay's Fossil Vertebrata of North America, and to Arthur Smith Woodward's Catalogue of the Fossil Fishes in the British Museum have been great and con.stant. David Starr Jordan. St.\nford University, California, .\ugust 10. 1919 ; Issued October 25, 1919. THE GENERA OF FISHES PART III 1859 638 ANDERSON (1859). (On the Fossil Fishes and Yellow Sandstone.) Dura Den. John A.nuerson. Glyptolaemus (Hu.xley) Anderson, 63; orthotype G. kinairdi Huxley (fossil). .\ synonym of Glyptopomus Ag. Phaneropleuron (Huxley) Anderson, 67; orthotype P. andersoni Huxley (fossil). 639. HLKI£KER (1859). Over tVHi.?c vischsoorten van de zuidkust-wateren van Java. Nat. Tijdschr. Ncdcr.-Indic. XIX, 1859. 329-352. PlETER BlEEKER. Scarichthys Blecker, 334 ; ortJiotype Scarus n^vius Blkr. 640. BLEEKER (1859). lischsoorten van Siam, . door Fr. Caslelnau. Nat. Tijdschr. Ncdt-r.-Indie. XX. PlETER BlEKKER. Balantiocheilos Blocker, 102; orthotype B. melanopterus Blkr. Morara llleckcr, 102; orthotype Cyprini's morar Ham. = Morara siamensis Blkr. .\ synonym of Aspidoparia Hcckel. Acanthobrama, Blocker, 102; orthotype .'\. simoni Blkr. Pseudoxiphophorus Bleekcr, 102; orthotype Xiphophorus bimaculatus Steind. 641 BLEEKER (1859). Consteclus systematis Cyprinorum. Nat. Tijdschr. Ncdcr. -Indie, XX. 421-441. (In this brief synopsis no types are indicated. These are supplied in the Alias, 1863.) PlFTER BlEEKER. Lissorhynchus Blocker. 422; tautotype Gnnio LissoRnvNCHUS Mam. Recorded l.ilcr by Blecker as a synonym of Garra Ham. Diplocheilichthys Blecker, 423; orthotype Lobscheilos plelrot.enia Blkr. Discognathichthys Blecker, 423; orthotype probably Discocnathus bufus Hcckel ( CvpRiNLs 1.AMTA Ham.) (not verified). Said by Blocker to be a syno- nym of Garra Ham. = Discocnathus Hcckel. Barbichthys Blocker, 424; orthotype B. L.«vis Blkr. Rohitichthys P.lcokcr, 424; orthotype Labeo senecalensis Cuv. & Val. Chrysophekadion Blecker, 424; orthotype Rohita chrysophekadion Blkr. = C. rrji.-i rf)Ros Blkr. A synonym of NTorulius or of Lareo. Semiplotus Blecker, 424; orthotype Cvprinus semipixttus McCl. Opistocheilus Blocker, 425; orthotype O. propius Blkr. = Schizotiiorax PLAr.iosTo- Mis Hcckel. A synonym of Schizothorax Hcckel. Pseudogobio Blecker. 425; orthotype Goiiio e.socinus T. & S. Mrigala Blecker, 427; orthotype Cvprinus mricala Ham. = M. sinensis Blkr. A synonym of Cirrhina Cuv 288 THE GENERA OF FISHES, PART III Acheilognathus Bleeker, 427; orthotype A. melanogaster Bikr. Smiliogaster Bleeker, 428 ; orthotype Leuciscus belangeri Cuv. & Val. A synonym of Rohtee Sykes. Amblyrhynchichthys Bleeker, 430; orthotype Barbus truncatus Blkr. Albulichthys Bleeker, 430; orthotype Systomus albuloides Blkr. Tambra Bleeker, 430; orthotype Cyprinus abramioides Sykes. Gonoproktopterus Bleeker, 430; orthotype Barbus kolus Sykes. Same as Hyp- SELCBARBUS Blkr. Hypselobarbus Bleeker, 430; orthotype H. typus Blkr. Hemibarbus Bleeker, 431 ; orthotype Gobio barbus T. & S. Rohteichthys Bleeker, 431 ; orthotype R. microlepis Blkr. Pseudophoxinus Bleeker, 431 ; orthotype Phoxinellus zeregi Heckel. Barbodes Bleeker, 431 ; orthotype Systomus belinka McCl. Anematichthys Bleeker, 431 ; orthotype Barbusa apogon Kuhl. Siaja Bleeker, 431 ; tautotype Capoeta siaja Blkr. Cyclocheilichthys Bleeker, 431 ; orthotype C. armatus Blkr. Pseudoculter Bleeker, 432; orthotype Culter pekinensis Basil. Hemiculter Bleeker, 432; orthotype Culter leucinoculus Basil. Chanodichthys Bleeker, 432; orthotype Leptocephalus mongolicus Basilewsky. Leptobarbus Bleeker, 432; orthotype Barbus hoeveni Blkr. Trinematichthys Bleeker, 433 ; orthotype Leuciscus trinema Blkr. A synonym of LuciosoMA Blkr. Amblypharyngodon Bleeker, 433 ; orthotype ; Cyprinus mola Ham. Hypophthalmichthys Bleeker 433 ; orthotype Leuciscus molitrix Cuv. & Val. Replaces Abramocephalus Steind. Devario Bleeker 433; tautotype Perilampus devario Ham. A synonym of Danio Ham. Thynnichthys Bleeker, 433; orthotype Leuciscus thynnoides Blkr. Sarcocheilichthys Bleeker, 435 ; orthotype Leuciscus varieg.\tus T. & S. Pseudorasbora Bleeker, 435; orthotype Leuciscus parvus T. & S. Rasbora Bleeker, 435 ; tautotype Cyprinus rasbora Ham. Gnathopogon Bleeker, 435; orthotype Capoeta elongata T. & S. Replaces Squalidus Dybowski and Leucogobio Gthr. Rasborichthys Bleeker, 435; orthotype Leuciscus helfrichi Blkr. Elopichthys Bleeker, 436; orthotype Leuciscus bambusa Rich. Shacra Bleeker, 437; tautotype Cyprinus shacra Ham. Bendilisis Bleeker, 437; orthotype Cyprinus bendelisis Ham. A synonym of Barilius Ham. laus (llcckcl) Bleeker 438; a misprint for Idus. Laubuca Bleeker, 438, tautotype Cyprinus laubuca Blkr. Fundulichthys Bleeker, 439; orthotype Fundulus virescens T. & S. Macrochirichthys Bleeker, 439; orthotype M. uranoscopus Blkr. Hemixiphophorus Bleeker, 440; (type not named). A synonym of Gambusia Pocy. 642. BLEEKER (1859). (Palinurichthys.) Enumeratio piscium archipelago Ind. Pieter Bleeker. Palinurichthys Bleeker, 22 (Nov., 1859); orthotype Coryph>ena perciformis Mitcliill. A substitute for Palinurus Dekay, preoccupied. BLEEKER, 1859 289 643. BLEEKER (18S9). (Plerichthyodes.) Verh. Nat. Hist. Indie. VI. PlETER BlEEKER. Pterichthyodes Bleeker, xi ; orthotypc Pterichtiiys milleri .Ag. (fossil). Sub- stitute for Pterichthvs Ag.. preoccupied. 644. BLYTH (1859). (Andamia.) Journ. Asiat. See. Bengal. 1858. Edward Blyth. Andamia Blyth, 270; orthotype A. expansa Blyth. 645. FILIPPI & VERANY (1859). Sopra alcuni pcsci nuovi o poco noti del Mediterraneo. Mem. Accad. Sci. Torino. 1859, 2. ser.. XVllI. FiLippo DE FiLippi; J. B. Verany. Navarchus Filippi & Verany. XVllI, 7; orthotype N. sulcatus. Filippi & Verany. A synonym of Psenes Cuv. & Val. Pteridium Fihppi & Verany. XVIII, 11; orthotype Oligopus ater Risso. (Not Pteridium of Scopoli). Replaced by Veratek Jordan, 1919. 646. GILL (1859). Description of a New Generic Form of Gobiincr from the Amazon River. Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 1858-1862. VII. 45-48. Theodore Nicholas Gill. Euctenogobius Gill. 45; orthotype E. badius Gill. 647. GILL (1859). Description of a Nnv Ccnus of Salariana: from the \i' est Indies. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1859 (1860). Theodore Nicholas Gill. This and the papers which follow were printed in 1859 when probably extras were issued. The publication as a whole was in 1860. Entomacrodus Gill. 168; orthotype E. nigricans Gill. 648. GILL (1859). Description of S'ew South American Type of Siluroids, Allied to Callophysus. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.. 1859 (1860). Theodore Nicholas Gill. Pimelotopis Gill, 1%; orthotypc P. later.vli.s Gill ^ Callophysus macropterus. A synonym of Callophysus M. & T . 649 GILL (1859). Description of a Third Genus of llemirhamphina-. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. (1859) 1860. Theodore Nicholas Gill. Euleptorhamphus Gill. 156; orthotype E. brevoobti Gill. 6S0. (;iLL (1859). Description of a Type of Gohioids Intermediate Between Gobina- and TridentiRerince. Proc. .Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.. 1859 (1860). Theodore Nicholas Gill. Evorthodus Gill. 195; orthotype E. brevicei-s Gill. 651 GILL (1859). Description of Hyporhamphus. a \'ew Genus of Fishes Allied to Hemirhamphus Cuv. Proc. .Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.. 1859 (1860). Theodore Nicholas Gill. Hyporhamphus Gill. 1.11 ; orthotype H. TKicusPinATus Gill. 652. GILL (1859). Description of Xe-v Generic Types of Colloids, from the Col- lection of the .Worth Pacific Explnring F.-vpedilion Under Com. John Rodgers. Proc. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1859 (1860). Theodore Nicholas Gill. 290 THE GENERA OF FISHES, PART IH Boreocottus Gill, 165; orthotype B. axillaris Gill. A synonym of Myoxocephalus Steller. Ceratocottus Gill, 165 ; orthotype Cottus diceraus Pallas. Porocottus Gill, 166; logotype P. quadrifilis Gill. 653. GILL (1859). On Dactyloscopus and Leptoscopus, Two New Genera of the Family of Uranoscopidcc. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1859 (1860). Theohore Nicholas Gill. Dactyloscopus Gill, 132; orthotype D. tridicitatus Gill. Leptoscopus Gill, 133; orthotype Uranoscopus macropygos Rich. 654. GILL (1859). On the Genus CalHonymus of Authors. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1859 (1860). Theodore Nicholas Gill. Synchiropus Gill, 129; orthotype Callionymus lateralis Rich. Dactylopus Gill, 130; orthotype Callionymus dactylopus Bennett = Dactylopus bennetti Gill, not Dactylopus, 1862, a genus of Crustacea. Replaces Vulsus Gthr. 655. GILL (1859). Notes on a Collection of Japanese Fishes, Made by Dr. J. Morrow. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1859 (1860). Theodore Nicholas Gill. Acanthogobius Gill, 145; orthotype Gobius flavimanus T. & S. Rhinogobius Gill, 145; orthotype R. similis Gill. Glossogobius Gill, 146; orthotype Gobius platycephalus Rich. Luciogobius Gill, 146; orthotype L. guttatus Gill. 656. GIRARD (1859). Ichthyological Notices. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1858 (1859). Charles Frederic Girard. Pterognathus Girard, 57; orthotype Neoclinus satiricus Grd., hypothetical name, revived by Jordan & Evennann (1896). Myrichthys Girard, 58; orthotype M. tigrinus Grd. Typhlichthys Girard, 63; haplotype T. subterraneus Grd. Arlina Girard, 64; haplotype A. effulgens Grd. Same as Boleosoma Dekay, 1842. Estrella Girard, 64; orthotype E. atromaculata Grd. A synonym of Boleosoma Dckay. Oligocephalus Girard, 67 ; haplotype A. lepidus Grd. Alvordius Girard, 68; haplotype .^lvordius maculatus Grd. A section of Hadrop- terus Ag. Alvarius Girard, 101 ; haplotype A. lateralis Grd. Boleichthys Girard, 103; logotype B. exilis Grd. Adinia Girard, 117; haplotype A. multifasciata Grd. Lucania Girard, 118; haplotype Lucania venusta Grd. 657. CiIR.\RD (1859). Fishes. (In General Report Upon Zoology of the Several Pacific Railroad Routes. 1857.) Charles Girard. Nautichthys Girard, 74; orthotyjie Blepsias oculofasciatus Grd. Xiphidion Girard, 119; orthotype X. mucosum Grd. Name preoccupied as Xiphi- muM, replaced by Xiphister J. & G., 1880. Thaleichthys Girard. 325; orthotype P. stevensi Grd. = Salmo pacificus Rich. GIRARD, 1859 291 Ichthyomyzon Girard, 379; logotype Petromvzon ahcenteus Kirtland = Ammo- ctETts coNCOLOR Kirtland. Scolecosoraa Girard, 3S-i : haplotypc Ammoctitiite for Palinurus, preoccupied. A synonym of Palinl'richthvs Blkr, 1859. Leptoblennius Gill, 21 ; orthotype Blennius serpentinus Storcr. 685. GILL (1860). Conspectus piscium in expeditione ad occanum pacificum SeptcntrionaUm. . . . Stimpson collcctorum ; Sicydiancc. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., I860, 100-102. Theodore Gill. Sicyopterus Gill. 101 ; orthotype S. stlmi-soni Gill. Sicyogaster Gill, 102; orthotype S. concolor Gill. Preoccupied, replaced by Len- TiPES Gthr. 686 GILL (1860). Monograph of the Genus Lahrosomus Sw. Proc. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1860, 102-108. Theodore Gill Malacoctenus GUI, 103; orthotype Clinl's delalandi Cuv. & Val. Gobioclinus Gill, 103; orthotype Clini-s conio Cuv. & Val. Blennioclinus Gill. 103: orthotype Clinus brachycephalus Cuv. & Val. 296 THE GENERA OF FISHES, PART III Auchenionchus Gill, 103; orthotype Clinus variolosus Cuv. & Val. Misprinted Anchenionchus. Calliclinus Gill, 103 ; orthotype Clinus geniguttatus. Ophioblennius Gill, 103 ; orthotype Blennophis webbi Val. Substitute for Blen- NOPHis Val., preoccupied. Ophthalmolophus Gill, 104; orthotype Clinus latipinnis Cuv. & Val. 687. GILL (1860). Monograph of the Genus Labrax of Cuvier. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1860, 108-120. Theodore Gill. Dicentrarchus Gill, 109; orthotype Perca elongata St. Hilaire = Perca labrax L. Same as Labrax (Klein) Cuv., 1817, not Labrax Pallas, 1811. 688. GUICHENOT (1860). Notice sur tin nouveau poisson du genre des Tricho- myctcres. Rev. Mag. Zool., 2d ser., XII. Alphonsf. Guichenot. Astern omycterus Guichenot, XII, 525; orthotype A. pusillus Guich. 689. GUICHENOT (1860). Notice sur un nouveau poisson du groupe Ctenotabres (Labrastrum). Rev. Mag. Zool.. 2d ser., XII. Alphonse Guichenot. Labrastrum Guichenot, XII, 152; orthotype (Ctenolabrus flagellifer Cuv. & Val. A synonym of Duym^eria Blkr. 690. GONTHER (1860). Catalogue of the Fishes of the British Museum. II. Albert Gunther. Atypus Gunther, II, 64; orthotype A. strigatus Gthr. Name preoccupied in spiders; replaced by Atvpichthvs Gthr., 1862. Agrammus Giinther, II, 94; orthotype Labrax acrammus T. & S. Glyptauchen Gunther, II, 121; orthotype Apisius panduratus Rich. Centropogon Guntlier, II, 128; logotype Cottus australis White. Pentaroge Gunther, II, 132; orthotype Apistus marmoratus Cuv. & Val. A synonym of Gvmnapistes Sw. Tetraroge Gijnther, II, 132; logotype Apistus barbatus Cuv. & Val. Polycaulus Gunther, II, 175; orthotype Synanceia elongata Cuv. & Val. Ptyonotus Gunther, II, 175; orthotype Triglopsis thompsoni Grd. Needlessly proposed as a substitute for Triglopsis on account of the earlier Triclops. Lepidotrigla Gunther, II, 196; logotype Trigla aspera Cuv. & Val. = Tricla CAVILLONE Lac. Agnus Giinther, II, 229; orthotype Uranoscopus anoplos Cuv. & Val. A synonym of AsTROscopus Gill. Anetna Gunther, 229; logotype as restricted by Gill, 1861, Uranoscopus anoplus Cuv. & Val. A synonym of Astroscopus Brevoort. Kathetostoma Giinther, 231 ; orthotype Uranoscopus l^evis Bl. & Schn. Some- times spelled Cathetostoma. Epicopus Giinther, 248 ; orthotype Merlus gavi Guich. A synonym of Merluccius Raf. Platystethus Giinther, II, 301; orthotype Sci/Ena cultrata Forster; preoccupied; replaced by Bathystethus Gill, 1893. Collichthys Giinther, II, 312; orthotype Sci^ena lucida Rich. Same as SciiENOiDES lilyth, not of Richardson. Pentanemus (Artedi) Gunther, 330; orthotype Polynemus quinquarius L. HOLBR(X)K, 1860 297 Galeoides Giinther, II, 332; orthotypc Polynemus polydact^xus Vahl. Dicrotus Giinthcr, II, 349; orthotypc D. armaius Gthr. Hypsiptera Gunthcr. II. 386; orthotypc II. arceniea Gthr. A larva related to (JAIDROPSARL'S Raf. Neptomeni:8 Gunthcr, II, 389; orthotypc N. brama Gthr. Pammelas Gunthcr. II, 485 (June) ; orthotypc CoRYPH.iiNA perciformis Mitchill. Substitute for Palinurus Uckay, preoccupied. A synonym of Palinurich- THYs Blkr.. 1859. 691. HOLBROOK (1860). Ichthyotoey of South Carolina. (Second edition ; the first, in 1855, destroyed by fire.) John Edwards Holbrook. (See No. 536, 1855.) 692. K.MJP (I860). Scue aaliihnliche Fisclic dcs Hamburger Museums. .\h\\. Naturw. Vcrcin Hamburg, 1859 (1860), IV, Ablh. 2. JoiIANN jAcon Kaup. Gnathophis Kaup, 7; orthotypc G. heterocnathus Kaup. (.An ally of Concermu- R.BNA habenata). Corrcsponds to Con(,-ermuRvENa as restricted by Ogilby, not of Bleeker. Taeniophis Kaup, 10: orthotypc T. westphali Kaup. .\ synonym of Gym.no- thorax. Cryptopterus Kaup. 11; orthotypc C. puncticeps Kaup. Probably a synonym of Oi'iiicHTHV.-;. Name preoccupied. Crotalopis Kaup, 12; orthotypc C. punctifer Kaup. Echiopsis Kaup. 13; orthotypc Ophisurus intertinctus Rich. .'\ synonym of Crotalopsis Kaup. Hoplunnis K.iup, 19; orthotypc II. schmuit! Kaup. Priodonophis Kaup, 22; orthotypc Gymnotmorax ocellatus Ag. 693. KAUP (1860). Hoflarchus. iirucs Orniis dcr Familie Labridm. Arch. Naturg.. 1860, XXVI, pt. I. JoHANN Jacob Kaup. Hoplarchus Kaup, 128; orthotypc H. pentacanthus Kaup. A synonym of Cich- LALRfs Sw. = (Herds Heckel). 694. KAUP (1860). On Some Nnv Ciiicia and Sfecics of Fishes Collected by Doctors Kerferstein and Heckel at Messina. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., VI, 270-273. JoHANN Jacob Kaup. Stomiasunculus Kaup, V, 270; orthotypc S. barbatus Kaup. .\ larva, allied to SrnMr ^s. Porobronchus Kaup, V. 272; orthotypc P. linearis Kaup. \ larva of Carapi'S (Fierasfer). 695. KAUP (1860). Ucber die Llurlodouudtr. Wicgm. Archiv. Naturg., XXVI, pt. I, 133-156. JoHANN Jacob Kaup. Citharccdus Kaup, 136; logotype Ch.i-;toik)n urnatissimus Solandcr. Coradion Kaup. 137; orthotypc Cn.fiTonoN ciirysozoni's Kuhl & Van Ilassclt. Eteira Kaup, XXVI, 137; orthotypc Ch.etou(in triangularis Kuppcll. A synonym of Mtr.APROToooN Guich. Linophora Kaup, 137; orthotypc Ch.«tooon aurica Forskil, 298 THE GENERA OF FISHES, PART III Centropyge Kaiip, XXVI, 140; orthotype C. tidicen Kaup. A synonym of Hola- CANTHUS Lac. Therapaina Kaup, 140; orthotype Ch.'etodon strigatus (Langsdorff) Cuv. & Val. A synonym of Micracanthus Svv. 696. KNER (1860). Ueber Belonesox bclizanus, etc. Sitzb. .Akad. Wiss. Wien, XL. Rudolph Kner. Belonesox Kner, XL, 419; orthotype B. belizanus Kner. 697. KNER (1860). Uebcr cinigc noch unhcschvicbcnc Fische. Sitzb. Akad. Wiss. Wien, XXXIX. Rudolf Kner. Centropus Kner, XXXIX, 531 ; orthotype C. staurophorus Kner. Name pre- occupied. A synonym of Amphiprjonichthvs Blkr. Trichopsis attributed to Kner. A synonym of Osphronemus Lac. Seems to be a slip of the pen for Trichopus. 698. MARCK (1860). (Fossile Fischi-.) Verh. Nat. Ver. Preuss-Rhcin. Westph. VV. VON PER MaRCK. Palaeoscyllium von der Marck, 47; orthotype P. decheni Marck (fossil). Name only, described in Pitlaoiitograt'hica, XI, 67, 1863. Name preoccupied. An ally of Thyellina. 699. MOLIN (1860). Prinntivcc Miisci Archigyinnasii Patavini (Pisces fossiles). Sitzh. Akad. Wiss. Wien, XL. Raffaele Molin. Protogaleus Molin, XL. S8S: orthotype P. cuvieri Molin (fossil). An ally or synonym of Scoliodon M. & H. 700. PANDER (1860). Uebcr die Saiirodil'Icrinen, Dcndrodiptcrincn. Glyptolepi- dcn und Cheirolefidcn dcs dcvonischen Systems. St. Petersb., IX. Christian Heinrich Pander. Polyplacodus Pander, 28; orthotype P. incurvus Pander (not of Duflf) = P. wenjukowi Rohon (fossil). A synonym of Cricodus Ag. 701. PLIENINGER (1860). (A'.vj/rorf«j.) Neues Jahrbuch. Wilhelm Heinrich Theodor von Plieninger. Xystrodus Plieninger, 695; orthotype X. finitimus Plieninger. 702. POEY (1860). Feces Ciegos de la Isla de la Cuba. Memorias dc Cuba, II. July, 1860. Felipe Poey y Aloy. Lucifuga Poey, II, 95; orthotype L. subterraneus Poey. 703. POEY (1860). Poissoiis de Cuba: Espcces nouvellcs. In Memorias sobre la hisloria natural de la Isla de Cuba, etc. II, 115-356. ['"elipe Poey y Alov. Dinemus Poey, II. 107, 161; orthotype D. venustus Poey. A synonym of Poi.y- Mi.KiA, Lowe. Monoprion Poey. II, 123; ortliotypc M. maculatus Pocy. A synonym of Apocon Lac, A MIA Gronow. Verilus I'ney, II, 124; orthotype V. sordius Poey. Latebrus Pocy, II, 168; orthotype L. oculatus Poey. sucKLEY, 1860 299 Inermia Focy. II, 193; orlliotype I. vittata Pocy. An ally of Emmelichthys Kich. Furcaria Pocy, II, 194; orthotype F. puncta Pocy. An ally or subgenus of CuRO- MIS CuV. Sphyrxnops Pocy, II, 249; orthotype S. bairdianus Poey. Joturus Poey, 263; orthotype J. pichardi Poey. Erotelis Pocy, II. 273; orthotype E. Valenciennes: Pocy = Eleotris sm.\racdus Cuv. & Val. Chonophorus Pocy. II, 274; orthotype C.bucculentus Poey = Gobius banana Cuv. & Val., probably =» Gobius taiasica Lichtcnstein. Replaces Awaolis Stciiul. of the same year but a few days later. Smaragdus Pocy, II, 279; orthotype Gobius smaragdus Cuv. & Val. = Smaracdus valenciennesi Pocy. A synonym of Gobiqneixus Grd. Trifarcius Pocy, H, 305; orthotype T. rivekendi Poey. A synonym of Cyprinodon Lac. Rivulus Poey, II, 307; orthotype R. cvlindraceus Poey. Sardinia Poey, II, 311 ; orthotype S. pseuuohispanica Poey (not of Jordan & Evcr- mann, which is Sarlinella anchovia Cuv. & Val.). Same as Sardina Antipa. which it replaces unless it be regarded as preoccupied by Sardinius von der Marck. Pontinus Poey, II, 172; logotype P. castor Pocy. 704. SUCKLEY (1860). Report of the Fishes Collected on the Surrey (U. S. Pacific R. R.). Report on the Salmonid.e. (Also in several other papers.) George Sucklev ( 1830- ) . Oncorhynchus Suckley, 312; orthotype (male of) Salmo scouleri Rich. = Salmo CORBUSCHA Walbaum. (The males of the Pacific salmon taken as a genus distinct from the females.) 705. STEINDACHNER (1860). Bcitrag :ur Kenntniss der Gobioiden. Sitzb. Math. N'aturw. Classe Wicn., XLII. Franz Steinuachner Cyclogobius Steindachncr, XLII, 284; orthotype Gobius lepidos Grd. \ synonym uf Lei'ioogodius Gill. Awaous Steindachncr, XLII, 289; type (after "Ics Awaous" Cuv. & Val.; Gobius ocELLARis Cuv. & Val. from Hawaii) "GoBius (Awaous Val.) literatus Hcckel." from the Philippines, is the only species named except for the refer- ence to Valenciennes. The name is a latinization of "les Awaous". Awaous is a synonym of Chonopiiori's Poey. As Awaous was first used as a scientific name (as a suh^cnus of Gobius) in an article presented on July 12, 1860, it is probable that Chonophorus Poey. issued in July, 18(j0, has actual priority. Opiopotnus (F.hrcnbcrg) Steindachncr. XLII, 290; orthotype Opix)pomus pulcher IChrciih. Gobius oplopomus Cuv. & Val. (XII, 66). Not Oplopoma Grd., 1K56. Same as Centrocobius BIkr. (1874). Gobiopsis Steindachncr, XLII. 291; orthotype Gobius macrostomus Heckcl. Very close to Waitea Jordan, 1906, 706. TROSCHEL (1860). l.el>tofteryiiius. neue Gattung der Discoboli. Arch. Naturg. XXVI, 1. Franz Hermann Troschel. 300 THE GENERA OF FISHES, PART III Leptopterygius Troschel, XXVI, 205; orthotype L. coccoi Troschel. A synonym of GouANiA Nardo = Rupisuga Sw. 707. WAGNER (1860). Fossile Fische aus einem neuentdccklen Lager in Siid- bayerischem Tertiiirgebirge. Sudbayer. Akad., I, 1860. .'\ndreas Wagner. Alosina Wagner, 54; orthotype A. s.'VLMonea Wagner (fossil). 708. W.\GNER (1860). Die Griff elzdliner (Stylodontes) eine neue aufgestellte Familie . . . der rautenschuppige Ganoiden. Gelehrte Anz. Bayer. Akad. Wiss., L. Andreas Wagner. HomcEolepis Wagner, 92; orthotype H. rrosera Wagner (fossil). A synonym of Tetragonolepis Bronn. Heterostichus Wagner, 93; orthotype Heterostichus latus Wagner (fossil). Name preoccupied; replaced by Heterostrophus Wagner, 1863. 709. WAGNER (1860). Zitr Charakteristik der Gaitungen Sauropsis und Pachy- cormus, etc. Gelehrte Anz. Bayer. Akad. Wiss., L. Andreas Wagner. HjTJSOcormus Wagner, 214; orthotype H. insignis Wagner (fossil). Euthyonotus Wagner, 214; orthotype E microfodius Ag. (fossil) (Esox incog- NiTUS Blainv.). 1861 710. AGASSIZ, A. (1861). Notes on the Described Species of Holconoti Found on the Western Coast of North America. Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 1861, VIII, 122-134. Ale.xander Agassiz (1835-1910). Sargosomus (Agassiz) Ale.x. Agassiz, 128; orthotype S. fluviatilis Agassiz == Hysterocarpus traski Gibbons. A synonym of Hysterocarpus Gibbons. Metrogaster (Agassiz) Ale.x. Agassiz, VIII, 128; orthotype Cymatogaster aggrega- sus Gibbons. A synonym of Cymatogaster Gibbons. Bramopsis (Agassiz) Alex. Agassiz, VIII, 132; orthotype B. mento Agassiz = HvpERPROsopoN argenteus Gibbons. A synonym of Hyperprosopon. Taeniotoca Alexander Agassiz, VIII, 133; orthotype Embiotoca lateralis Agassiz. Hypsurus Alexander Agassiz, VIII, 133; orthotype Emdiotoca carvi Agassiz. 711. BLEEKER (1861). Jets over de geslachten der Scaroiden en hunne Indisch- archipelagischc soorten. Versl. Akad. Amsterdam, XII, 1861, 228-244. PlETER BlEEKER, Pseudodax P.Iceker, 229; ortliotype Odax moluccanus Cuv. & Val. Callyodontichthys Bleckcr, 230; orthotype Sc.\rus flavescens Blkr. (not of Bloch & Schneider). Pseudoscarus Bleeker, 231 ; logotype P. microrhinos Blkr. 712. BLEEKER (1861). (Labridw.) Proc, Zool. Soc. London, 1861. PiETER Bleeker. Ophthalmolepis Blccker, 413; orthotype Julis lineolatus Cuv. & Val. 713. BLEEKER (1861). Zesde bijdragc tot de kennis der vischfauna van Timor. Nat. Tijdschr. Ncder.-Indie, XXII, 1861, 247-261. PiETER Bleeker. Oxymetopon Bleeker, VI, 12 ; orthotype O. typus Blkr. BLEEKER, 1861 301 714. BLEEKER (1861). Notice sur le genre Trachinus et ses espices. Ann. Sci. Nat.. XVI ; reprinted in 1862. PlETER BlEEKER. Echiichthys Blcckcr, 379; orthotypc E. viper.\ Blkr. Pseudotrachinus Bleeker, 379; orthotype P. radiatus Blkr. 715. C.VSTELNAU (1861) Memoire sur les poUsons de fAfrique Australe. Paris, VII. Francois Laporte de Castelnau. Boopsidea Castelnau, 25; orthotype. B. inornata Castelnau. Ichthyorhamphos Castelnau, 35; orthotype I. pappei Castelnau. A synonym of Oplkg.nathus. Sandelia Castelnau, 36; orthotype S. bainsi Castelnau. A synonym of Spiro- BRA.NCHUS. Stromatoidea Castelnau 44 ; orthotype S. la yard: Castelnau, not Stromateoides Blkr.. 1851. Gnathendalia Castelnau, 57 ; orthotype G. vulnerata Castelnau. Hydrocyonoides Castelnau, 66; orthotype H. cuvierj Castelnau; a synonym of Sarcohaces. Algoa Castelnau, 69; orthotype A. viridis Castelnau. Athaena Castelnau, 72; orthotypc A. fasciata Castelnau. Aledon Castelnau, 75 ; orthotype A. storeri Castelnau. A synonym of Mola. 716. COSTA (1861). (Fossil Fishes.}: Palconlologia Regno Napoli. III. Oronzio Gabriele Costa. Centropterus Costa, III, 123; orthotypc C. lividus Costa (fossil). An ally of Elmopterus Raf. 717. EGERTON (1861). Description of Tristichopterus, Acanthodes, Climatius, etc. (In Figures and Descriptions of British Organic Remains.) Mem. Geol. Surv., 1861. PtIlLIE DE MaLPAS GrEV EGERTON. Holophagus Egerton, X, 19; orthotypc H. gula Egert. (fossil). A synonym of Undi.va Miinster. Tristichopterus Egerton, 51; orthotype T. alatus Egert. (fossil). 718. I-ILIPPI (1861). Note Zoologische. Arch. Zool. Anat. Fisiol., I. FlLIPPO DE FlLIPPI. Lebistes Filippi, I, 69; orthotype L. pceciloioes Filippi. 719. GILL (1861). Catalogue of the Fishes of the Eastern Coast of North America, from Greenland to Georgia. Issued as a supplement to the Proc. Acad Xat. Sci. Phila.. 1861, and dated February. 1861. Theodore Gill. In this paper numerous new generic names are introduced in connection with the type species, the Rcncra being defined Liter. Under present usage, these names date from the indication of the type species. No question of priority is here concerned except with Rfinii ARnnfs Gill, called Platvsomaticiithvs by Bleeker in 1862, before Reiniiardtius was defined, and IIypsoblennius Gill, called Isesthes by Jordan & Gilbert, 1881. before a definition of Hvpso- BLENNius was published. 302 THE GENERA OF FISHES, PART III Note. The most of the many new genera, indicated by American authors from 1860 to 1875, occur in the proceedings of scientific societies in Phila- delphia, New York and Boston, and especially in those of the Academy of Natural Sciences in Philadelphia. The bound volumes of these proceedings were issued in the year subsequent to the reading of the papers, as for example that of 1861 in 1862. But separate copies of most of these papers were issued in the date year. In this record, the papers are credited to the date year. ' In the few cases in which questions of priority are involved, I have tried to secure the exact dates concerned. Uranoblepus 5; orthotype (not named) Synanceia elongata Cuv. & Val. A sub- stitute for Trachicephalus Sw., preoccupied. A synonym of Polycaulus Gthr., 1860. Ctenolucius Gill, 8; orthotype not named = Luciocharax insculptus Steind. It is described as an ally of Xiphostoma, a South American Characin, identical with Luciocharax Steind., 1876, which name it should replace. Triloburus Gill, 30; orthotype Perca trifurca L. = P. philadelphica L. A section of Centropristes Cuv. Promicropterus Gill, 31 ; orthotype Rypticus maculatus Holbrook = Bodianus Bi.sTRispiNus Mitchill. Anisotremus Gill, 32 ; ortliotype Pristipoma rodo Cuv. & Val. = Sparus vir- CINICUS L. Bairdiella Gill, 33; orthotype Bodianus argyroleucus Mitcliill =^ Dipterodon chrysurus Lac. Palinurichthys Gill, 34; orthotype PaliNurus perciformis Storer. Substitute for Palinurus, preoccupied; a synonym of Palinurichthys BIkr., 1860. Poronotus Gill, 35; ortliotype Rhombus triacanthus Storer. Lepturus (Artedi) Gill, 35; orthotype Trichiurus lepturus L. A revival of a pre-Linnaean name. A synonym of Trichiurus L. Blepharicthys Gill, 36; orthotype Zeus crinitus Mitchill. A substitute for Blepharis Cuv., preoccupied. A synonym of Alectis Raf. Solenostomus (Gronow) Gill, 38; orthotype Fistularia tabacaria L. A synonym of t'lSTULARIA L. Pygosteus (Brevoort) Gill, 39; ortliotype Gasterosteus occidentals Cuv. & Val. Val. —- G. puNGiTius L. Trichidion (Klein) Gill, 40; logotype Polynemus virginicus L. A revival of a pre-Linnaean name. A synonym of Polynemus L. Argyrotaenia Gill, 40; orthotype Ammodytes vittatus Storer. A synonym of Ammodytes L. Oncocottus Gill, 42; orthotype Coitus hexacornis Storer = Cottus quadricornis Kicli. Misprinted Onchocottus. Hypleurochilus Gill, 44; logotype Blennius multikilis Grd. = Blennius gemi- NATUS Wood. Dormitator Gill. 44; orthotype Eleotris somnolentus Grd. = Sci.ena maculata Bloch. Hypsoblennius Gill, 44; ortliotype Blennius hentz Le Sueur (no description of genus). Replaces Iskstiies J. & G. Leptoblennius Gill. 44; orthotype Blennius serpentinus Storer. Centroblennius Gill, 45; logotype Lumpenus nubilus Rich. Leptoclinus Gill. 45; orthotype Lumpenus aculeatus Rcinh. Reinhardtius Gill, 50 ; orthotype Pleuronectes cynoglossus Fabricius, not of L.= Gii.L. 1861 303 Pleubosectes hippoclossoides Walbaum. Replaces Platvsomatichthys Blkr., 1862. Chznopsetta Gill, 50; orthotypc Platessa oblonca Storer. A synonym of Para- i.H HTiivs Grd. Drepanopsetta Gill, 50; orthotypc Pleuronectes platessoides Fabricius. A syno- nym of Hippoclossoides Gottschc. Myzopsetta Gill, 51; orthotypc Platessa ferrl'cinea Storer. A synonym of LiMANDA Gottschc. Lophopsetta Gill, 51 ; orthotypc Pleuronectes maculatus Mitchill. Glossichthys Gill. 51; orthotypc Pleuronectes placusia L. A synonym of Svm- riiURis K.il. Trachinocephalus Gill, 53; orthotypc Saurus mvops Cuv. & Val. Alausella Gill, 54; orthotypc Clupea parvula Mitchill. A synonym of Pomolobus Kaf Opisthonema Gill, 54; orthotypc "O. thrissa Gill" (not Clupea thrissa Osbeck) = .\Uj;alops oclina Le Sueur. Brevoortia Gill, 55; orthotypc Alosa .menhaden Storer = Clupea tvrannus Latrolic Conorhynchus (Nozemann) Gill, 55; orthotypc Butyrinus valpes Storer (Albuta VALPES). Revival of a prc-Liiin.Tean name, 1757; a synonym of Albula Gronow. Isog^atha (Dckay) Gill, 56; orthotypc Ancuilla oceanica Storer = Mur>gna (o.scER L. A synonym of Leptocephalcs Gronow ^ Conger Cuv. Ariopsis Gill. 56; orthotypc .Arius mii.berti = Silurus felis L. A synonym of Hkxank.matichthvs Blkr., 1858. Ceratacanthus Gill. 57; ortlmtype Mo.nacanthus aurantiacus. Aprionodon Gill. 59; orthotypc Squalus punctatus Mitchill. .\ substitute for .•\prion; prcocupied in fishes. Cestracion (Klein) Gill. 59; orthotypc Squalus zvcena L. .\ synonym of SriiYRNA Raf. Eugomphodus Gill, 60; oriliDtypc Carch arias griseus Storer. .\ section under Odontaspis Agassiz ~ Carcharias Raf. Narcacion (Klein) Gill, 61; orthotypc (Raja torpedo L.). A revival of a prc- Linnxan name ; same as Torpeix) Dum. 720 GILL (1861). Synofsis of the Suhfcimily of Clufcina-, etc. Proc. .Vcad. Nat. Sci. Phila.. 1861, Theodore Gill. Alausella tiill, 36; orthotypc Clipka parvii.a Mitchill. tlic ynuiig of some species of PoMOLonus, perhaps P. mediocris (repeated from Catalogue Fishes East Coast). Opisthonema Gill. ^7 ; orthotypc Clupanodon thrissa Lac. (not of Osbeck) = MFOAi.opsnr.i.iNA Lo Sueur (repeated from C(ilalof.iic). Opisthopterus Gill, 37, 38; orthotypc Pristkiastkr tartoor Cuv. & Val. Brevoortia Gill, 37; orthotypc Clupf.a menhaden Mitchill = Clupea patronus Lalrobe. (Repeated from Catalogue.) 721 GILL (1861). Synopsis of the Family of Pcrcina: Proc. .\cad. N'at. Sci. Phila. TnEniKiKE Gill Aspertilus (Klein) (.ill. 40; urthotypi Tmri /t\i.n. L. Equivalent to Zingcl Okcn = Aspso Cuv. 304 THE GENERA OF FISHES, PART III Kiihlia Gill, 48; orthotype Perca ciliata Cuv. & Val. Hypopterus Gill, 51 ; orthotype Psammoperca macroptera Gthr. Percosoma Gill, 51 ; orthotype Percichthys chilensis Grd. Deuteropterus Gill, 51 ; orthotype Perca marginata Cuv. & Val. Liopropoma Gill, 52 ; orthotype Perca aberrans Poey. 722. GILL (1861). Synopsis gcnerum Rhyptici ct Affinum. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. Theodore Gill. Dermatolepis Gill, 54 ; orthotype D. punctatus Gill. 723. GILL (1861). On Several New Generic Types of Fishes. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1861. Podothecus Gill, 77, 259; orthotype P. peristethus Gill = Agonus acipensirinus Pallas. Brachyopsis Gill, 77; orthotype not named; said to be same as Agonus Sw. Hoplopagrus Gill, 78 ; orthotype H. guntheri Gill. Rhinoscion Gill, 78; orthotype Amblodon saturnus Grd. Stephanolepis Gill, 78 ; orthotype Monacanthus setifer Bennett. 724. GILL (1861). Revision of the Genera of North American Scicenincp. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. Theodore Gill. Cynoscion Gill, 81 ; orthotype Otolithus regalis Cuv. & Val. Anomiolepis Gill, 82 ; orthotype a Chinese species unnamed, allied to Corvina tridentifer Rich., but without small teeth in upper jaw. Plagioscion Gill, 82; no species indicated; logotype Sci^na squamosissima Heckel, of Brazil. Rhinoscion Gill, 78, 85 ; orthotype Amblodon saturnus Grd. A synonym of Cheilotrema Tschudi. Menticirrhus Gill, 86; orthotype Perca alburnus L. = Cyprinus americanus L., 1758. Pachypops Gill, 87 ; orthotype P. trifilis Gill. Genyonemus Gill, 87 ; orthotype Leiostomus lineatus Ayres. 725. GILL (1861). Two New Species of Marine Fishes. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. Theodore Gill. Hyporthodus Gill, 98; orthotype H. flavicauda Gill = Serranus niveatus Cuv. & Val. A synonym of Epinephalus Bloch. Sarothrodus Gill, 99 ; orthotype Ch^etodon capistratus Gill. Name a substitute for Cii.iiTouoN as used i;cnerally, the name being tranferred to Pomacan- thus, to the species called Ch.etodon by Artedi (1738, before Linna;us), none of them being true Ch^todons. This change seems needless and not allowable. 726. GILL (1861). Haploidonotina. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. Theodore Gill. Haploidonotus Gill, 101; orthotype Aplodinotus grunniens Raf. .\ revision of the spelling of Aplodinotus. 727. GILL (1861). Synopsis of the Uranoscopoids. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. Theodore Gill. GILL, 1861 305 Nematagnus Gill, 113; orthotypc Uranoscopus filibarbis Cuv. & Val. Upselonphorus Gill, 113; orthotype Uranoscopus y-gr-ecum Cuv, & Val. A syno- nym of AsTROscopus Brcvoort. Cathetostoma Gill, 114; orthotypc Uranoscopus l^vis Bloch. A revised spelling (if K ATHETOSTOMA. Genyagnus r.ill, 115; ortliotype Uranoscopus monoptervcius nioch. Gnathagnus Gill, 115; orthotypc Uranoscopus eloncatus T. & S. 728. GILL (1861). Notes on Some Genera of Fishes of the Western Coast of North America. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. Theodore Gill. Atractoperca Gill, 164; orthotypc Labrax clathratus Grd. A synonym of Para- LAnRAX Grd. Archoplites Gill, 165; orthotype Ambloplites interruptus Grd. Parephippus Gill. 165; orthotype Ephippus zonatus Grd. A synonym of Ch,eto- Di iter us Lac. Hypsypops Gill. 165; orthotypc Glyphisodon rubicundus Girard. Sebastodes Gill, 165 ; orthotypc Sebastes paucispinis Ayres. Acantholebius Gill, 166; orthotype Chiropsis nebulosus Grd. = Hex. stelleri liksius. .■X synonym of Hexacra.m.mos Stellcr. Pleurogrammus Gill, 166; orthotype Labrax monopterygius Pallas. Grammatopleurus Gill, 166; orthotypc Labrax lacocephalus Pallas. A synonym cif I Ikxacram.mos Stellcr. Megalocottus Gill. 166; orthotypc Cottus platycephalus Pallas. Clinocottus Gill, 166; orthotype Oligocottus analis Grd. Blennicottus Gill, 166; orthotypc Oligocottus globiceps Grd. Hypsagonus Gill, 167, 259; orthotype .■Xspidophorus quadricornis Cuv. & Val. Paragonus Gill, XIII, 167, 259; orthotypc Aconus acipenserinus Tilesius. A syno- nym of PoDOTHEcus Gill. Agonopsts fiill, XIll. 167, 259; orthotype .Aspidophorus chiloensis Kroyer. Leptagonus Gill. XI II, 167, 259; orthotype .•\conus spinosissi.mus Kroyer. Brachyopsis Gill, 167, 259; loROtypc .\coNus rostratus Tilesius. Anoplagonus Gill, 167; orthotype Aspiiwphoroides inermis Gthr. Brosmophycis Gill, 168; orthotype Brosmius margin.\tus Ayrcs. 729. GILL (1861). On a Nctv Type of /lulostomatoids. Found in ll'ashingtnn Territory. Proc. Acad. Xat. Sci. Phil.i. Theodore Gill. Aulorhynchus Gill, 169; orthotype A. flavidus Gill. 730. GILL (1861). Description of a New Generic Type of Blennioids. Proc. .Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. Theodore Gill. Anoplarchus Gill, 261 ; orthotypc A. purpurescens Gill. 731. GILL (1861). Monogriiph of the Tridigitate Vranoscopoids. Proc. .Xc.id. Nat. Sci. Phila. TnEnnfiRE Gill. Myxodagnus Gill, 269; orthotypc M. opercularis Gill 732. GILL (1861). Synopsis of the Polynematoids. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. TiiF.oDnnE Gill. Polistonemui Gill, 277; orthotype Polynemus multifilis T. & S. 306 THE GENERA OF FISHES, PART III 733. GILL (1861). Synopsis of the Sillaginoids. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. Theodore Gill. Leptoperca Gill, 502; orthotype Perca schiu£TZER L. Same as Schraitzer Schacfer, if the latter is eligible Sillaginodes Gill, 504; orthotype Sillago punctata Cuv. & Val. Sillaginopsis Gill, SOS ; orthotype Sillago domina Cuv. & Val. 734. GILL (1861). Snyofsis of the Chanichthyoids. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. Theodore Gill. Champsocephalus Gill, 509; orthotype CHiENicHTHYS esox Gthr. 735. GILL (1861). Synopsis of the Notothenioids. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Theodore Gill. Macronotothen Gill, 520; orthotype Notothenia rossi Rich. Eleginops Gill, 522; logotype Aphritis undulatus Jenyns. 736. GILL (1861). Analytical Synopsis of the Squali and Revision of the Nomen- clature of the Genera, Followed by "Sgualorum genernm novorutn descrip- tiones diagnosticce," 330-422; reprint, 1-47. Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., VII, Dec, 1861. Theodore Gill. Isuropsis Gill, VII, 32 (397) ; orthotype Oxyrhina glauca M. & H. (not Squalus GL.\UCUS L. ). Hypoprionodon Gill, 35 (400) ; orthotype Carcharias hemiodon Val. Platypodon Gill, 35 (400) : orthotype Carcharias menisorrah M. & H. Eulamia Gill, 35 (400) ; orthotype "Carcharias lamia Raf." = Carcharhinus COMMERSONIANUS Blainv. A synonym of Carcharhinus Blainv. Isogomphodon Gill, 35 (400) ; orthotype Carcharias oxyrhynchus M. & H. Lamiopsis Gill, 35 (400) ; orthotype Carcharias temmincki M. & H. Isoplagiodon Gill, VII, 35 (400) ; orthotype Carcharias sorrah Val. Aprionodon Gill, VII, 35 (400) ; orthotype Carcharias isodon M. & H. Substitute for Aprion, preoccupied. Cynocephalus (Klein) Gill, VII, 35 (400) ; logotype Squalus glaucus L. Name preoccupied in monkeys, unless dating from Klein (Schauplatz). A synonym of Prion ACE Cantor. Boreogaleus Gill, VII, 36 (401) ; orthotype Squalus arcticus Fabcr. Chaenogaleus Gill, VII, 36 (401); orthotype Hemigaleus macrostoma Gthr. Prol):ihly not distinct from Hemigaleus, which preoccupied name it should perhaps replace. Reniceps Gill, VII, i7 (402) ; orthotype Squalus tiburo L. Cestracion (Klein) Gill, 37 (402) ; orthotype Squalus zyg^na L. A synonym of Spiivrna Raf., not Cestracion Cuv., 1^17. Eusphyra Gill, VII, i7 (402) ; orthotype Zyg/Ena blochi Cuv. Halaelurus (iill, 41 (406) orthotype Scyllium burgeri M. & H. Cephaloscyllium (Hll, 42 (403) ; orthotype Scyllium laticeps A. Dumeril. Parascyllium Gill, Vll, 42 (412) ; orthotype Hemiscyllium variolatium Duni. Synchismus Gill. 42 (407) ; orthotype Squalus tuberculatus B1. & Schn. h syno- nym of Chiloscyllium M. & H. Rhina (Klein) Gill, VII, 42 (407); orthotype Rhina squatina Raf. = Squalus squatina L., after Klein, 1745-1775. A synonym of Squatina Constant Dumeril, 1806. GILL. 1861 .107 Rhamphobatis Gill. VII, 42 (407) ; type Rhina ancylostoma. A synon>Tn of Rhina B1. & Schn., not of Rhina Klein. 737. GILL (1861). (Torpedo.) Ann. Lye. N. Y., VIII, 1861. Theodore Gill. Tetranarce Gill. VII, 387; orthotypc Torpedo occidentalis Storcr. A section or subgenus under Torpedo Duni. ; misprinted Tetronarce. Cyclonarce Gill. VII. 387; orthotypc Raja ti.mlei I'd. & Sclin. .\ synonym of .\arci.ne Ilenlc. Gonionarce Gill. VII, 387; orthotypc Narcine indica Henlc. A synonym of Xarci.se Ilenlc. 738. GILL (1861). Observations oii Ihc Ccnus Cotlus, etc. Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist.. VIII. Theodore Gill. Potamocottus Gill. 40 ; logotype P. punctulatus Gill. A synonym of Cottopsis Grd. 739. GULIA (1861). Tcniamcn ichlhyoloniw Mclitcnsis, etc. (In Latin; also in Maltese as Catalogu tal hut to Malta.) Gavino Gin-iA id. 1889). Micromugil Gulia. 11; ortliotype M. tu.midus Gulia = Cypri.vouon calaritanus Cuv. &■ Val. .\ synonym of .Apha.mus N'ardo. 740. GONTHER (1861). Catalogue of the Fishes of the British .Museum. Ill, Albert Gunther. Latnjnculus Gunther. III. 80; orthotypc Goiiius albus Parnell. Lentipes Gunther, III, 96; orthotypc Sicyocaster concolor Gill. .V substitute for Sicyogaster (jill, preoccupied. Vulsus Gunther, III. 151 ; otrhotype Callionymus dactylopus Bennett. .^ synonym of Dactylopus Gill, wrongly stated to be preoccupied. Thalassophryne Giinthcr. III. 174; orthotypc T. maculosa Gthr. Saccarius iluntlier. III. 183; orthotypc S. lineatus Gthr. Auchenopterus Gunther. III. 275; orthotypc A. monophthai.mu.s Gthr. N'anic re gardcd as preoccupied as Auchenipterus Cuv. & Val. ; replaced by Crem- N-onATES Gthr. Asternopteryx (Riippell) Giinthcr. II. 288; orthotypc A. cu.n.velliformi.s Riippcll. Acronurus (Gronow) Gunther, II. 345; logotype .Acanthurus arcenteus Q. & G. Lirval form of Hepatus Gronow (.Acanthurus For.skSI). Myxus Giinthcr, III. 466; logotype M. elongatus Gthr. Diplocrepis Giinthcr, III, 506; orthotypc Lepadogaster puniceus Rich. Crepidogaster Gimthcr, III, 507; logotype C. tasmaniensis Gthr. Name prc- rrii|iicd ; replaced by AsI'Asn; agaster Waitc. Psychrolutes Giinthcr, III, 516; orthotypc P. paradoxus Gthr. 741. GONTIIF.R (1861). On a .\,-,c Genus of .-lustralinn Freshwater Fishes. S'annoferea australis. .Ann. Mai;. Nnt. Hist.. VII. .Mso in Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1861, 116. Albert Gunther. Nannoperca Giinthcr, VII, 410; orthotypc N. austkalis (ilhr. 742 GONTHER (1861). On Three Xew Trachinoid Fishes. Crafatalus, etc. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.. 1861. VII. .^LBSitT Gunther. 308 THE GENEIL\ OF FISHES, PART III Crapatalus Giinther, VII, 86; orthotype C. nov.ezelandi^ Gthr. 743. GONTHER (1861). A Preliminary Synofsis of the Labroid Genera. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., VIII. Hypsigenys Giinther VIII, 383; logotype Labrus macrodontus Lac. A synonym of Chcerodon Blkr. Semicossyphus Giinther, VIII, 384; orthotype Cossyphus reticulatus Guv. & Val. Stethojulis Giinther, VIII, 386; logotype Julis strigiventer Bennett. Hemigymnus Giinther, IV, 386; orthotype Mullus fasciatus Thunberg (1776). A synonynm of Thalliurus Sw. 743A. GUNTHER (1861). On a Collection of Fishes Sent by Capt. Dow from the Pacific Coast of Central America. Proc. Zool. Soc. London. Albert GOnther. Cremnobates Giinther, 374; orthotype Auchenopterus monophthalmus Gthr. A substitute for Auchenopterus Gthr., preoccupied as Auchenipterus. 744. JEITTELES (1861). Zoologische Mittheilungcn. I. Ucber swei filr die Fauna Ungarns neue Pische, Lucioperca volgensis Cuv. und Val. und Alburnus maculatus Kessler. Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien, XI. LuDVViG Heinrich Jeitteles (1830-1883). Alburnoides Jeitteles, XI, 325 ; orthotype Alburnus maculatus Kessler. 745. KEYSERLING (1861). Ncnc Cypriniden axis Persien. Zeits. Ges. Naturw. Berhn, XVII. Eugen von Kevserling (1833-1889). Bungia Keyserling, XVII, 18; orthotype B. nigrescens Keys. 746. KROYER (1861). Nogle Bidrag tel Nordisk ichlhyologii. Nat. Tidskr. 1861. HeNRIK NicOLAI KRtiYER. Careproctus Kroyer, I, 2S7; orthotype C. reinhardti Kroyer. 746A. MOLIN (1861). De Rajibns tribus Bolcanis. XLII. Raffaele Molin. Sitzb. Akad. Wiss. Wicn. Alexandrinus Molin, 579; orthotype A. molini Zigno (fossil) {Mem. Rcale Inst. Veneto, VIII, 299. 1874) = Raja muricata Volta, 1796. A synonym of T^niura M. & H. Wilhelm Carl Hartvvig Peters. 747. PETERS (1861). Ueber zwei neue Gattungen von Fischen . . . aus dem Ganges, etc. Mon. Akad. Wiss. Berlin. Wilhelm Carl Hartwig Peters. Pterocryptis Peters, 712 ; orthotype Pterocryptis gancetica Peters. Acanthocobitis Peters, 712; ortohtype A. longipinnis Peters. 748. POEY (1861). Poissons de Cuba. Memorias dc Cuba, II, June, 1861. Felipe Poey y Alov. Hollardia Poey, II, 348; orthotype H. hollardi Poey. Litnia Poey, II, 383; orthotype Pcecilia vittata Guich. ,\ synonym of Pceolia Bl. & Schn. Prospinus Poey, II, 388; logotype Plectropoma chloropterum Cuv. & Val. A synonym of Alphestes Bl. & Schn. SALTER. 1861 309 Decaptus I'ocy, II, 391; orthotype Skridla pinnulata. Poey, A synonym of Elagatis Bennett. 749. SALTER (1861). (Byssacanlhus.) Mem. Geol. Soc, 1861. Joii.v William Saltkr (1820-1869). Byssacanthus Salter, 244; orthotype a finspine allied to Sphenacanthus (fossil). 750. SCHMID (1861). Die Fischfaiina dcr Trias bei Jena. Nova .^cta Acad. Cts. Lcop.-Carol. XXIX. 1862 (separates in 1861). E. E. Sen MID. Thelodus Schmid, XXIX, 27; logotype T. inflatijs Schmid (fossil). A synonym of ASTERODON. 751. SYMONDS (1861). Old Bones. William Samuel Symonds (1818-1887). Lophodus Symonds, 103; (orthotype .Acrddus keuperianus M. & S.) (fossil) (not Lophodus Romanowsky, 1864). 752. VALENTIEXXF.S (1861). (Aconthomullus.) Comptcs Rendus Acad. Sci. Paris, LII, 1861. ACHILLE VaLE.VCIENNES. Acanthomullus Valenciennes, LII, 300; orthotype .\. isabell.« Val. (fossil). 1862 753. BLEEKER (1862). Notice sur le genre Trachinus el ses espices. Akad. .Amsterdam (reprinted from 1861). Pieter Bixeker. Pseudotrachinus Blocker. 1 13 ; orthotype P. radiatus BIkr. Echiichthys Bleekcr, 117; orthotype E. vipera BIkr. Versl. Versl. 754. BLEEKER (1862). Conspectus generum Labroideorum analyticus. Akad. Amsterdam, XIII, 1862, 94-109. Pieter Blef.krr. Pseudocheilinus Blocker, 95; orthotype Ciikilinus hexat.i-:.m v BIkr. Pseudocoris Blocker, 97; orthotype Julis heteropterus BIkr. Pseudojulis Bleekcr, 99; orthotype P. giraroi BIkr. Platyglossus (Klein) Blocker, 99; orthotype HALicHfERES marginatus Riippoll. Hemitautoga Blocker, 101; orthotype Tautoca notophthalmus BIkr. .'\ synonym "i CfiRis Lac. Macropharyngodon Bleekcr, 100; orthotype Julis ceoffroyi BIkr. Gunthcria I'.lecker, 101; orthotype JULis trim.vlulata. Q. & G. Leptojulis r.lcckcr, 1{X); orthotype L. cyanopleura BIkr. Hemitautoga Blceker, 101 ; orthotype Tautoca notophalmus BIkr. A synonym <[ (llNTHERIA RIkr. Pseudolabrus Blocker, 101 ; orthotype Labrus rubicinosus T .& S. (preoccupied) = L. jAi'< hrachyrhvnchus Hlkr. .\ larval form allied to Houx:entri:s Plectrypops Gill, 237; orthotype Holoc'ENTRUM retrospinis Guich. Centroberyx (iill. 238; orthotypc Hkkvx linkatus Cuv. & Val. Synistius fiill. 238; orthotype Gerri-ls loncirostris Ruppcll. Nandopsis f'.ill, 238; orthotypc Chromis tetracanthus Pocy. Odontoscion Gill, 238; orthotypc Johnius dentex Cuv. & Val. Orycniu Gill, 23S; orthotypc Scomber thvnnus L. A substitute for Orcynus Cuv., preoccupied, of which name it was originally a misprint (Cooper) ; a synonym of Thunnus South. 316 THE GENERA OF FISHES, PART III Sarothrodus Gill, 238 ; orthotype Ch,«todon striatus L. Substitute for Ch^to- DON L., the name transferred to Pomacanthus, the first species named by Artedi being a Pomacanthus. Prognathodes Gill, 238; orthotype Chelmo pelta Gthr. (not Procnathodus Owen). Carangops Gill, 238; orthotype Caranx heteropygus Poey. A synonym of Hemi- caranx Blkr. of the same date. Both are apparently synonyms of Alepes Sw., 1839. Trachurops Gill, 238; orthotype Scomber 'plumieri Bloch = Scomber crumenoph- THALMUS Bloch. Remora Gill, 239; orthotype Echeneis remora L. This adjustment restricts EcHENEis L. to E. naucrates L. It is earlier than any other and must stand. Remifegia Gill, 239; orthotype Echeneis scutata Gthr. Phtheirichthys Gill, 239 ; orthotype Echeneis lineata Menzies. Caulolatilus Gill, 240; orthotype Latilos chrysops Cuv. & Val. Lophogobius Gill, 240; orthotype Gobius cristagalli Cuv. & Val. Dormitator Gill, 240; logotype D. gundlachi Poey. Gnathypops Gill, 241 ; logotype Opisthognathus maxillosus Poey. Lonchopisthus Gill, 241 ; orthotype Opisthognathus micrognathus Poey. 779. GILL (1862). Catalogue of the Fishes of Lozvcr California . . . Collected by Mr. J. Xanlus. Part II. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. Theodore Gill. Pomaccinthodes Gill, 244 ; orthotype P. zonipectus Gill. Incisidens Gill, 244 ; orthotype Crenidens simplex- Rich. Opisthistius Gill, 245; orthotype Sci.ena tahmel Forskal. Orthostaechus Gill, 255 ; orthotype O. maculicauda Gill. Microlepidotus Gill, 255; orthotype M. inornatus Gill. Genytremus Gill, 256; orthotype Pristipoma bilineatum Cuv. Si Val. A section under Anisotremus Gill. Genyatremus Gill, 256; orthotype Diagramma cavifrons Cuv. & Val. Pristocantharus Gill, 256; orthotype Pristipoma cantharinum Jenyns. A syno- nym of Orthopristis Grd. Nematistius Gill, 258; orthotype N. pectoralis Gill. Eustomatodus Gill, 261 ; logotype Decapterus kurroides Blkr. A synonym of Decapterus Blkr. Gymneipignathus Gill, 261 ; orthotype Decapterus macrosoma Blkr. Evepigymnus Gill, 261 ; orthotype Decapterus hypodus Gill. 780. GILL (1862). Notes on a Collection of the Fishes of California. . . . by Samuel Hubbard. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. Theodore Gill. Hypocritichthys Gill, 275; orthotype Hyperprosopon analis Alex. Agassiz Brachyistius Gill, 275 ; orthotype B. frenatus Gill. Oxylebius Gill, 277 ; orthotype O. pictus Gill. Sebastopsis Gill, 278; orthotype Skbastes polylepis Cuv. & Val. A synonym of ScoRP/iiNODES Blkr. Eucyclogobius Gill, 279; orthotype Gobius newberryi Grd. Melanotaenia Gill, 280; orthotype Atherina nigrans Rich. Melanogrammus (Jill, 280; orthotype Gadus .sglifinus L. Brachygadus Gill, 280; orthotype Gadus minutus Yarrell. A synonym of Trisop- TERUS Raf., 1814. GILL, 1862 317 781. GILL (1862). Synopsis of the Species of Lophobranchxate Fishes of fVesUrn Sorth America. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. Theodore Gill. Dermatostethus Gill, 283; orthotype D. punctipinnis Gill. 782. GILL (1862). Sote on Some Genera of Fishes of Western North America. Proc. Acad. Xat. Sci. Phila. Theodore Gill. Sebastichthys Gill. 329; orthotype Sebastes nicrocinctus Ayres. Paratractus Gill, 330; orthotype Car.vnx pisguETos Cuv. & Val. = Scomber crvsos MItcliill. A section under Caranx. Caularchus Gill, 330; orthotype Lepadogaster reticulatus Grd. (Gobiesox m^an- dricus Grd.). Eumicrotremus Gill, 330; orthotype Cyclopterus orbis Muller. Hypsifario Gill, 330; orthotype Salmo kennerlyi Suckley, a landlocked form of Onxorhynchus nerka (Walbaiim). The genus may be valid, as distin- guished by the long and numerous gill-rakcrs. Lepidopsetta Gill, 330; orthotype Psettichthys umbrosus Grd. Hypsopsetta Gill, 330; orthotype Pleuronichthys cuttulatus Grd. Orthopsetta Gill, 330; orthotype Psettichthys sordidus Grd. Uropsetta Gill, 330; orthotype Hippoglossus californicus Ayres. A synonym of Paralichthys Grd. Hydrolagus Gill. 331; orthotype Chim.«ra colliei Lay & Bennett. Gyropleurodus Gill, 331 ; orthotype Cestracion francisci Grd. Holorhinus Gill, 331 ; orthotype Rhinoptera vespertilio Grd. = Myligbatis CALI- FORNicLs Gill. .\ section under Myligbatis Dum. Entosphenus Gill, 331 ; orthotype Petromyzon tridentatus Rich. 783. GILL (1862). Synopsis of the Carangoids of the Eastern Coast of North America. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. Theodore Gill. Naucratopsis Gill, 441 ; orthotype Seriola cicas Gthr. Halatractus Gill, 442; logotype Seriola dumerili Cuv. & Val. \ substitute for Seriola, used in botany ; a reason for change no longer recognized. 784. GILL (1862). Description of a New Generic Type of Mormyroids, c\c. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. Theodore Gitx. Isichthys Gill, 443; orthotype I. henryi Gill. Gnathonetnus Gill, 444; orthotype Mormyrus petersi Gthr. 785. GILL (1862). On the Classification of the Families and Genera of the Squali of California. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. Theodore Gill. Rhinotriacis Gill, 486; orthotype R. henlei Gill. Tropidodus CM, 489; orthotype Cestracion pantherinus Val. Entoxychirua Gill, 496; orthotype Squalus uv*to Raf. A synonym of Centro- PHORUS M. & H. 786. GILL (1862). On the Limits and Affinity of the Family of Leptoscopoids. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. Theodore Gill. 318 THE GENERA OF FISHES, PART III Dactylagnus Gill, 504; orthotype D. mundus Gill. 787. GILL (1862). Synopsis of the Genera of the Subfamily of Pimelodincc. Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist, for 1861 (1862), VIII. Theodore Gill. Branchiosteus Gill, 52; orthotype OLYR.^ laticeps McCl. 788. GUNTHER (1862). Cntnloguc of the Fishes in the British Museum. IV. Albert Gijnther. Lepidozygus Giinther, IV, 15; orthotype Pomacentrus tapeinosoma Blkr. Microspathodon Giinther, IV, 35 ; orthotype Glyphidodon chrysurus Cuv. & Val. Apparently a synonym of StegasTes Jenyns, 1842. Parma Giinther, IV, 57; logotype P. microlepis Gthr. Tautogolabrus Giinther, IV, 89; orthotype Ctenolabrus burgall Gthr. = Labrus adspersus Walbaum. Trochocopus Giinther, IV, 100; logotype T. opercularis Gthr. Decodon Gunther, IV, 101 ; orthotype Cossyphus puellaris Poey. Doratonotus Gunther, IV, 124; orthotype D. megalepis Gthr. Cymolutes Giinther, IV, 207; logotype Julis pr.«te,xtatus Q. &. G. Coridodax Giinther, IV, 243 ; Sp.\rus pullus Forster. Pseudetroplus (Bleeker) Giinther, IV, 266; orthotype Ch.etodon suraTensis Bloch. Chromis (Cuvier) Giinther, IV, 267; logotype Chromis niloticus Cuv., not as restricted to the original tautotype Sp.^rus chromis L. This understanding is that of most modern authors following Gill and Bleeker. C. chromis and C. NioLOTicus are both included in the Chromis of Cuvier. Chromis Gthr. is a synonym of Tilapia Smith. Theraps Giinther, IV, 284; orthotype T. irregularis Gthr. Mesonauta Giinther, IV, 300; orthotype Heros insignis Heckel. Petenia Gunther, IV, 301 ; orthotype P. splendida Gthr. Hygrogonus Giinther, IV, 303 ; orthotype Lobotes ocellatus Ag. A synonym of .\STR0N0TUS Sw. Mesops Giinther, IV, 311; logotype Geophagus cupido Heckel. Name preoccupied, replaced by Biotodoma Eigenmann & Kennedy, 1903. Satanoperca Gunther, IV, 312; logotype Geoph.\gus acuticeps Heckel. Uronectes Gunther, IV, 325; orthotype Ophidium parrii Ross. Name preoccupied in Crustacea, replaced by Lycocara Gill, 1884. Boreogadus Giinther, IV, 336; logotype Gadus fabricii Ricli. Halargyreus Gijnther, IV, 342; orthotype H. johnsoni Gthr. Pseudophycis Giinther, IV, 350 ; orthotype Lota breviuscula Rich. Laemonema Gunther, IV, 356; orthotype Phycis yarrelli Lowe. Haloporphyrus Gunther, 358; orthotype Gadus lepidion Risso. Substitute for Lepidion Sw. regarded as preoccupied by Lepidia, 1817. Xiphogadus Giinther IV, 374; orthotype Xiphasia setifer Sw. A needless substi- tute for Xiphasia Sw. (1839). Hyperoplus Giintlier, IV, 384; orthotype Ammodytes lanceolatus Le Sauvage. Bleekeria Gunther, IV, 387; orthotype B. kallolepis Gthr. Congrogadus Giinther, IV, 388; orthotype Mach^rium subducens. Rich. A sub- stitute for Mach.^iRIUM, preoccupied. Malacocephalus Giinther, IV, 396; orthotype M. l.evis Gthr. Tephritis Gunther, IV, 406; orthotype Pleuronectes sinensis Lac. Name pre- occupied, replaced by Tephrin'ECTES Gthr., and later by Velifracta Jordan. GUNTllER, 1862 319 Lepidorhombus Gunthcr, [\', 407; orlliotypc Pleuroxectes mecastoma Donovan. Phrynorhombus Gunthcr, IV. 414; orthotype Rhombus unimaculatus Risso. Brachypleura Gunthcr, IV, 419; orthotype B. nov.ezeelandivE Gthr. Engyprosopon Gunthcr, IV, 431 ; RHOMnf s mogkii BIkr. Psammodiscus Gunthcr. IV, 457; orthotype P. (ktellatl's Gthr. Rhombosolea Gunthcr. IV. 458; loRotypc R. monopus Gthr. Ammotretis r.unthcr, IV, 458; orthotype A. rostratus Gthr. Peltorhamphus Gunthcr, IV, 460; orthotype P. nov.ezekl.vndi.e Gthr. Buglossus Gunthcr, IV, 462; orthotype PLEt^ONECTES variegatus Donovan. A syno- nym of MiCROCHIRUS Bon. Microbuglossus Gunthcr, IV, 462; orthotype Solea humilis Cantor. Pegusa Gunthcr, IV, 467; logotype Solea al'rantiaca Gthr. Pardachirus Gunthcr, IV, 478; Igootypc .Achirus marmoratus Lac. Liachirus Gunthcr, IV, 479; orthotype L. nmtidus Gthr. Anisochirus Gunthcr. IV. 480; orthotype Svnaptur.v panoides Hlkr. Soleotalpa Gunthcr. IV, 489; orthotype S. uNicot-OR Gthr. A synonym of Apionich- THY."; Kaup. Ammopleurops Gunthcr, IV, 490; orthotype Piagusia lactea Bon. A synonym of SVMPHURUS Raf. 789. Gt)XTHER (1862). Descriptions of Sew Species of Rcflilcs and Fishes. t\.c. Proc. Zool. Soc. London. Albert Gunther. Tyntlastes Gunther, 194; orthotype, Amblyopus sacitta Gthr. 790. GUNTHER (1862). Note on Pleuronecles sinensis Lac. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. X. Albert Gunther. Tephrinectes Gunthcr, 475; orthotype Pleuronectes sinensis Lac. Substitute for Tephritis Gthr., preoccupied; replaces Velifracta Jordan, a later substitute name. 791. JOHNSON (1862). Xoies on Rare and Little Knoivn Fishes Taken at Madeira. Ann. Mag. N'at. Hist. James Yate Johnson. Pseudomuraena Johnson, 167; orthotype P. maderensis Johnson. .\ synonym of rRKitPOVnpHIS Kaup. Synaphobranchus Johnson, 169; orthotype S. kaupi Johnson = Mur;ena pinnata fironow. Nesiarchus John.son, 173; orthotype N. nasutus Johnson. Setarches Johnson, 177; orthotype S. cuntheri Johnson. 792. JO.N'ES (1862). (Estheria.) Thomas Rymer Jones (1819-1911). Estheria Jones. 112; orthotype E. middendorffi Jones (fossil). 793. KN'ER (1862). Kleincre fU-itrdgc :ur Kcnnlniss drr fossilen Fische Oester reichs. Silzh. Akad. Wiss W'icn, XLV. Rudolf Kner. Palimphemus Kncr. XLV. 490; orthotype P. anceps (fossil). 794. MORRIS & ROBERTS (1862). On the Carboniferous Limestone of Orclon and Fallow Clee Hills. Shropshire, etc. Quart. Journ. Gcol., XVIII. John Morris; George E. Roberts. 320 THE GENERA OF FISHES, PART III Characodus (Agassiz) Morris & Roberts, XVIII, 99; orthotypc C. angulatus Ag. (fossil) ; name only, defined by Davis, 1883. Regarded by Woodward as a synonym of Copodus ; not Characodus Owen, 1867, earlier in definition. Ctenopetalus (Agassiz MS.) Morris & Roberts, XVIII, 100; orthotype Ctenop- TVCHius sERRATUs Ag. (fossil) ; name only, defined by Davis, 1881. Regarded as a synonym of Ctenoptychius. Harpacodus (Agassiz) Morris & Roberts, XVIII, 100; orthotype Ctenoptychius DENTATUS Ag. (fossil) ; name only, defined by Davis (1881). Regarded as a synonym of Ctenoptychius. Copodus (Agassiz) Morris & Roberts, XVIII, 100; logotype Psammodus cornutus Ag. (fossil) ; name only, defined by Davis, 1883. Deltodus (Agassiz) Morris & Roberts, XVIII, 100; orthotype Pcecilodus subl^vis (Ag.) McCoy (fossil). Deltoptychius (Agassiz) Morris & Roberts XVIII, 100; orthotype Cochliodus ACUTUs (Ag.) McCoy (fossil). Xystrodus (Agassiz) Morris & Roberts, XVIII, 101 ; orthotype Cochliodus STRiATUs Ag. (fossil). Name preoccupied (Plieninger, 1860), replaced by Platyxystrodus Hay (1899). Lobodus (Agassiz) Morris & Roberts, XVIII, 101 ; logotype L. prototypus Ag. (fossil) ; name only, defined by Davis, 1883. Regarded as a synonym of Copodus. Mesogomphus (Agassiz) Morris & Roberts, XVIII, 101 ; orthotype M. lingua Ag. (fossil) ; name only, defined by Davis, 1883. Regarded as a synonym of Copodus. Pleurogomphus (Agassiz) Morris & Roberts, XVIII, 101 ; orthotype P. auricu- LATUs Ag. (fossil) ; name only, defined by Davis, 1883. Regarded as a syno- nym of Copodus. Mylax (Agassiz) Morris & Roberts, XVIII, 101; orthotype M. batoides Ag. (fossil) ; name only, defined by Davis, 1883. Regarded as a synonym of Copodus. Tomodus (Agassiz) Morris & Roberts, XVIII. 101 ; orthotype T. convexus (Ag.) (fossil) ; name only, defined by Davis, 1883 (not ToMonus Trantschold, 1879), later called Oxytomodus Trantschold, 1880. Streblodus (Agassiz) Morris & Roberts, XVIII. 101; orthotype Cochliodus OBLONGUS (Agassiz) Portlock (fossil). Psephodus (Agassiz) Morris & Roberts, XVIII, 101 ; orthotype Cochliodus MAGNUS Portlock (fossil). Petalorhynchus Agassiz) Morris & Roberts, XVIII, 101; orthotype Petalodus psiTTACiNUs (Ag.) McCoy (fossil) ; name only, defined by Davis. 1881. 795. VALENCIENNES (1862). Description dc quelqucs csficcs de poisson . . . envoyes de Bourbon par M. Morel. Comptes Rendus, LIV. Achille Valenciennes. . This little paper of Valenciennes has been overlooked by writers. In it are described two species of Irex (Elagatis), I. indicus from Bourbon Island and I. americanus from St. Thomas, the former with D. VI-I, 24-2, the latter D. VI-I, 22-2. Giinther counts D. VI-I, 25-1 in Elagatis bipin- nulatus from Amboyna. Poey counts D. VI-I, 26-2 in Elagatis pinnulatus from Havana. In a specimen from Long Island, Jordan and Evermann count D VI-T. 27-2, regarding all as belonging to one pelagic species. WAGNER, 1862 321 Irex Valenciennes, 1204; orthotype Irex indicus Val. A synonym of Elagatis Bennett (1834), same as Seriolichthys Blkr. (1854) and Decaptus Poey (1860). 796. W.^GNER (1862). Monogrophie der fossilen Fischc aiis den Lithographischen Schiefern Bayerns. Abh. Bayer. Akad. Wiss., IX. Andreas Wagner. Mesturus Wagner, IX, 338; orthotype M. verrucosus Wagner (fossil). 797. WINKLER (1862). Description de quelques nouvelles espices de poissons fossiles du cakaires lithographiquc de Solenhofen d'Oeningen. Nat. Verb. Holl. Maatsch. Wctensch. Haarlem, XVI. Tiberius Cornelius Winkler (1822-1898). Brachyichthys Winkler, XIV, 47; orthotype B. tvpicus Winkler (fossil). Should replace Eulepipotus (1868) and Heterolepidotus Egert. (1872). 1863 798. BLEEKER (1863). Memoire sur Ics poissons de la cole de Guinie. Nat. Vcrh. Holl. Maatsch. Wetsch., 2 Verz. Dccl XVIII, 1863, 1-136. PlETER BlEEKER. Glaucus (Klein) Blecker, 14; orthotype (after Klein) Sco.mber gl.vucus L. \ syno- nym of C-BSicMORUS Lac. Melanogenes Blceker, 36; orthotype M. macrocephalus Blkr. Pseudotolithus Uleekcr, 59; orthotype P. typus Blkr. 799. BLEEKER (1863). Description de quelques espices de poissons . . . de Chine . . . Music dc Leidc. par M. G. Schlegcl. Nat Tijdschr. Dicrk. Indie, I. PlETER BlEEKER. Hemisciaena Blocker, 141 ; orthotype Collichthys lucidus Giinther. A synonym (if Collichthys Gthr. Pseudosciaena Blocker, 142; orthotype CoRyiN.\ amblyceps Blkr., species named. Same as Argyroso.mus Pylaie, 1835. .\ synonym of Sci.kna L.. as restricted by Cuvier. 800. BLEEKER (1863). Syslema Cyprinoideorum rcxisum. Neder. Tijdschr. Dierk., I., 1863, 179-186. Pieter Bleeker. Aplocheilichthys Hlcckcr, 116; orthotype .X. typus Blkr. .\ synonym of .-Nplochei- i.is McCl. The numerous (genera here dcfmcd arc also contained in a second paper written at about the same time. Gobionichthys I'.lcekcr, 156; orthotype Gobio microcephalus Blkr. Crossocheilichthys HIccker, 192; orthotype Ij)Bocheilos cobitis Blkr. Isocephalus (Meckel) Blecker, 194; orthotype Cyprinus bangon Ham. Same as Bangana Ham. Rohitodes Bleeker. 195; orthotype Labeii cephalus Cuv. & Val. Acra Hlcckcr, 197; taulotype Cvprinus acra Ham.; orthotype as indicated by Blocker, Cyprinus syriacus. Leptobarbus Blocker, 202: nrthotypc L. iioeveni Blkr. Cirrhinichthys Blecker. 202; orthotyp<; C. dussumieri. 322 THE GENERA OF FISHES, PART III Opsariichthys Bleeker, 203 ; orthotype Leuciscus uncirostris T. & S. ; also under No. 805, p. 263. Paraphoxinus Bleeker, 209 ; orthotype Phoxinellus alepidotus Meckel. A syno- nym of Phoxinellus Heckel. Trachybrama (Heckel) Bleeker, I, 210; orthotype Acanthobrama marmid Heckel. A synonym of Acanthobrama Heckel. Paracheilognathus Bleeker, 213 ; orthotype Capoeta rhombea T. & S. Pseudoperilampus Bleeker, 214; orthotype P. typus Blkr. 801. BLEEKER (1863). Oncicme notice stir la faune ichthyologigue de file d'Obi. Neder. Tijdschr. Dierk., I, 1863, 228-238. PiETER Bleeker. Paramia Bleeker, 233 ; orthotype Cheilodipterus lineatus Lac. A substitute for Cheilpdipterus (Lac.) Cuv., which name he transfers to the genus called Temnodon Cuv. (Pomatomus Lac.) because the first species named belongs to Pomatomus. A synonym of Cheilodipterus as now restricted. Rhombotides (Klein) Bleeker, 235; orthotype Ch^todon triostegus L. .^ syno- nym of Hepatus Gronow or Teuthis L., as restricted. Parapercis Bleeker, 236; orthotype Sci.ena cylindrica Bloch. Parupeneus Bleeker, 342; orthotype Mullus bifasciatus Lac. A synonym of Upeneus Cuv., as first restricted by Bleeker. 802. BLEEKER (1863). Septicme memoire sur la faune ichthyologique de I'ile Timor. Neder. Tijdschr. Dierk., I 1863, 262-276. Pieter Bleeker. Paradules Bleeker, 267 ; orthotype Dules rupestris Cuv. & Val. A synonym of Kuhlia Gill. Pseudechidna Bleeker, 272; orthotype Mur.ena brummeri Blkr. (Strophidon Gthr., not of McClelland). 803. BLEEKER (1863). Sur les genres de la famillc des Cobitioidcs. Versl. Akad. Amsterdam, XV, 1863, 32-44. Pieter Bleeker. Paracobitis Bleeker, i7 ; orthotype Cobitis malapterura Cuv. & Val. Lepidocephalichthys Bleeker, 42; orthotype Cobitis hasselti Cuv. & Val. 803A. BLEEKER (1863). Systema silurorum revisum. Neder. Tijdschr. Dierk. L Pieter Bleeker. Pseudopimelodus Bleeker, I, 101 ; orthotype Pimelodus raninus Cuv. & Val. 804. BLEEKER (1863). Dcuxihne notice sur la faune ichthyologiquc de file de Flores. Neder. Tijdschr. Dierk., I, 1863, 248-252. Pieter Bleeker. Eurypegasus Bleeker, 250; orthotype Pegasus draconis L. = P. volitans L. A synonym of Pegasus L. 805. BLEEKER (1863). Notice sur les noms de quelques genres de la famille dcs Cyprinoides. Versl. Akad. Amsterdam, XV. 1863. 261-264. Pieter Bleeker. Carpionichthys Bleeker, 262; orthotype Cyprinus carpio I-. A synonym of CVPRINUS L. Paraschizothorax Bleeker, 262; orthotype Schizothorax hugeli Heckel. COOPER, 1863 325 806. COOPER (1863). On New Genera and Species of California Fishes. 4 articles. Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. James Graham Cooper (1830- ). Dekaya Cooper, 72; orthotypc D. anomala Cooper. A synonym of Caulolatilus (iill ; the name Dekayia already used. Ayresia Cooper, 73; orthotypc A. PL'NcririNNis Cooper. Orycnus Cooper, 77; orthotypc Sccmber thy.vnus L. Originally a slip of the pen for Orcynus, offered as a substitute for Orcynus, twice preoccupied. A synonym of Thu.vnus. Gibbonsia Cooper, III, 108; orthotypc Myxodes elegans Cooper. Gillichthys Cooper, 109; orthotypc G. mirabilis Cooper. 807. DOCMET (1863). Description d'un nouveau genre de poissons de la Mcdi- lerannce. Rev. Mag. Zool., XV. P. Napoleon Doumet-.-Vpanson. Trachelocirrus Dotimct, XV, 212; orthotypc T. mediterraneus Doumet. A syno- nym of Psenes Cuv. & Val. Doiimct correctly regards this genus as iden- tical with Navarchus Filippi & Verany. The names Cubiceps Lowe and Atimostoma Smith have been also bestowed upon these little pelagic fishes as well as Psenes, the name they should bear. 808. GILL (1863). (Platygobio.) Trans. Am. Philos. Soc. V. Theodore Gill. Platygobio Gill, V, 12, 178; orthotypc Poconichthys communis Grd. = Cyprinus GRACILIS Rich. 809. GILL (1863). (Sturgeons.) Trans. Am. Philos. Soc, V. Theodore Gill. Scaphirhynchops Gill, V, 12, 178; orthotypc Acipenser platorhvnchus Raf. Sub stitute for Scaphibhynchus regarded as preoccupied. 810. GILL (1863). On a Xe-w Family Type (Chcrnnpsis) of Fishes Related to the Blennioids. Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., VIII. Theodore Gill. Chsnopsis Gill, 141 ; orthotypc C. ocellatus Poey. 811. GILL (1863). On a Remarkable New Type of Fishes .Utied to Xemophis. Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., VIII. Theodore Gill. Plagiotremus Gill, 138; orthotypc P. spilistius Gill. 812. GILL (1863). Catalogue of the North American Scittnoid Fishes. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. Phila. Theodore Gill. Scisnops Gill, 30; orthotypc Perca ocellata L. 813. GILL (1863). Catalogue of the Fishes of Lower California . . . Collected by Mr. J. Xantus, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.. Phila., XV. Theodore Gill. • Pronotogrammus Gill. 80 orthotypc P. miltifasciatus Gill. Lepidamia Gjjl. 81 ; orthotype .Apocon kalosoma Rlkr. Archamia CM, 81 ; orthotypc Apocon ni.RRKERi Gtlir. Glossamia Gill, 82; orthotypc Apocon aprion Rich. 324 THE GENERA OF FISHES, PART III Xenichthys Gill, 82; orthotype X. xanti Gill. Moronopsis Gill, 82; orthotype Dules marginatus Cuv. & Val. A synonym of KUHLIA Gill. Rhamphoberyx Gill, 87 ; orthotype R. pcecilopus Gill. Young form of Myripristis Cuv. Rhombochirus Gill, 88; orthotype Echeneis osteochir Cuv. & Val. Remoropsis Gill, 88; orthotype Echeneis brachypterus Lowe 814. GILL (1863). Descriptions of Some New Species of Pediculati. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., XV. Theodore Gill. Pterophryne Gill, 90; orthotype Chironectes l.evigatus Cuv. Name preoccupied; replaced by Pterophrynoides Gill, 1878. A synonym of Histrio Fischer. Histiophryne Gill, 90 ; orthotype Chironectes bougainvillei Cuv. Halieutichthys (Poey) Gill, 90; orthotype H. reticulatus Poey = Lophius aculeatus Mitchill. 815. GILL (1863). Descriptive Enumeration of a Collection of Fishes from the Western Coast of Central America . . . by Captain J. M. Dow. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., XV. Theodore Gill. Ophioscion Gill, 165 ; orthotype O. typicus Gill. Amblyscion Gill, 165; orthotype A. argenteus Gill. .\ section under Larimus Cuv. Oligoplites Gill, 166; orthotype O. occidentalis Gill (not L.) = Scomber saurus Bl. & Schn. Chaenomugil Gill, 169; orthotype Mugil proboscideus Gthr. Apparently a synonym of Chelon Rose, 1793. Rhinomugil Gill, 169; orthotype Mugil corsula Hamilton-Buchanan. Halophryne Gill, 170; orthotype Batrachoides diemensis Le Sueur. Leptarius Gill, 170; orthotype Leptarius dowi Gill. A synonym of Selenaspis Blkr. Notarius Gill, 171 ; orthotype Arius graniiicassis Cuv. & Val. Equivalent to Arius Blkr., 1863, not of 1858, and not of Cuvier & Valenciennes. Urotrygon Gill, 173; orthotype U. mundus Gill. 816. GILL (1863). On an Unnamed Generic Type Allied to Scbastes. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., XV. Theodore Gill. Sebastoplus Gill, 208 ; orthotype Scorp.ena kuhli Bowdich. 817. GILL (1863). Description of a New Generic Type of Ophidioids. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., XV. Theodore Gill. Leptophidium Gill, 210; orthotype L. profundorum Gill. Name preoccupied in snakes. Replaced by Lepophidium Gill, 1895. 818. GILL (1863). Synopsis of the Pomaccnlroids of the Western Coast of North and Central America. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., XV. Theodore Gill. Dischistodus Gill, 213; orthotype Pomacentrus fasciatus Cuv. & Val. Acanthochromis Gill, 214; orthotype Dascyllus polyacanthus Blkr. Pomataprion Gill 216; orthotype Hypsypops dorsalis Gill. A synonym of Mtcro- SPATHODON Gthr. GILL, 1863 325 819. GILL (1863). .\'oles on lite Labroids of the Western Coast of North America. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., XV. Theoimire Qill. Lepidaplois Gill. 222; orthotype Cossvpiirs .^XILLARIS Cuv. & Val. Euphysocara Gill. 222; orthotype Cossyphus anthioides Gtlir. Gymnopropoma Gill. 222; orthotype Cossvphus bilunulatus Cuv. & Val. A syno- nym of Lepidaplois Gill. Achoerodus Gill. 222: orthotype Cossvphus couldi Rich. Dimalacocentrus Gill. 223; orthotype N'ovacula kallosoma Blkr. A synonym of .VOVACILICHTHYS Blkr. Oxyjulis Gill, 223; orthotype JfLis modestus Grd. ; the name modestus preoccupied in Jllis; replaced by Halichceres californicus Gthr. 820. GILL (1863). Synopsis of the Fotnily of Lepturoids and Description of a Remarkable New General Type. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., XV. Theodore Gill. Evoxymetopon (Poey) Gill, 228; orthotype E. t-eniatus Poey. 821. GILL (1863). Synopsis of the North American Gadoid Fishes. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. Brachygadus Gill, 230; orthotype Gadus minutus L. A synonym of Trisoptebus K;.f. Micromesistius Gill. 231 ; orthotype Gadus poutassou Risso. Called Brachv- MF.-iiSTius on page 233. Brachytnesistius Gill, 233; orthotype Gadus poutassou Risso. A lapsus for Micromesistius. Urophycis Gill, 240; orthotype Blennius rec.ius Walbaum. Rhinonemus Gill, 241 ; orthotype Gadus cimbrius L. 822. GILL (1863). Descriptions of the Genera of Gadoid and Brotuloid Fishes of North America. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., XV. Theodore Gill. Leptogadus Gill, 248; orthotype Gadus blennioides Pallas. Perhaps a synonym of livnirULUS Guich. Odontogadus Gill. 248; orthotype Gadus euxinus Nordmann. Nematobrotula Gill, 252; orthotype Brotula ensiformis Gthr. Stygicola Gill. 252; orthotype Lucifuga dentata Poey. Hoplobrotula Gill, 253; orthotype Brotula armata T. & S. 823 GILL (f863(. Synopsis of the Family of Lycodidtr. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci Phila.. XV. Macrozoarces Gill, 258; orthotype Blennius ancuillaris Peck. 824. GILL (1863). Descriptions of the Gobioid Genera of the Western Coast of Temperate North America. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., XV. Theodore Ghx. Pomatoschistus Gill, 263; orthotype Gomus minutus L. Apparently a synonym of FtRAriiYocHiRUs Nardo. Deltentosteus Gill, 263; orthotype Gobius quadrimaculatus. Coryphopterus Gill, 263; orthotype C. claucofr<«num Gill A synonym of Rhino wfBius Gill 326 THE GENERA OF FISHES, PART III Coryphogobius Gill, 263 ; obviously a lapse for Coryphopterus. Pterogobius Gill, 266 ; orthotype Gobius virgo T. & S. Synechogobius Gill, 266; orthotype Gobius hasta T. & S. A synonym of Acantho- GOBIUS Gill. 825. GILL (1863). On the Gobioids of the Eastern Coast of the United Stales, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., XV. Theodore Gill. Gymnogobius Gill, 269; orthotype Gobius macrognathos Blkr. A synonym of Ch/Enogobius Gill. Ophiogobius Gill, 269; orthotype Gobius ophiocephalus Jenyns. Crystallogobius Gill, 269; orthotype Gobius nilssoni Duben & Korcn. Boreogobius Gill, 269; orthotype Gobius stuvitzi Duben & Koren. Mog^rnda Gill, 270; orthotype Eleotris mogurnd.\ Rich. Ophiocara Gill, 270; orthotype Eleotris ophiocephalus Cuv. & Val. Gobiomorphus Gill, 270 ; orthotype Eleotris gobiodes Cuv. & Val. Hypseleotris Gill, 270; orthotype Eleotris cvprinoides Cuv. & Val. Odonteleotris Gill, 270; orthotype Eleotris macrodon Blkr. Calleleotris Gill, 270 ; orthotype Eleotris strigata Cuv. & Val. A synonym of Valencienne.\. Ptereleotris Gill, 271 ; orthotype Eleotris microlepis Blkr. 826. GILL (1863). On the Genus Periophthalmus of Schneider. Proc. Acad. Nat.- Sci. Phila. Theodore Gill. Euchoristopus Gill, 271 ; orthotype Gobius koelreuteri Pallas. Replaces Perioph- thalmus of recent authors, of which the logotype is P. schlosseri. Boleops Gill, 271 ; orthotype Boleophthalmus aucupatorius Rich. A synonym of Scartelaos Sw. 827. GILL (1863). Note on the Genera of Hemirhamfhincr. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., XV. Theodore Gill. Zcnarchopterus Gill, 273; orthotype Hemiramphus dispar Cuv. & Val. Oxyporhampus Gill, 273; orthotype Hemiramphus cuspidatus Cuv. & Val. 828. GONTHER (1863). On New Species of Fishes from Victoria, South Australia. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., XI. Albert Gunther. Melambaphes Giinthcr, XI, 115; orthotype Glvphidodon nigroris Gthr., not of Cuv. & Val. = M. guentheri Gill. Rhombosolea Giinthcr, XI, 117; orthotype R. klesoides Gthr. 829. GONTHER (1863). On New St>ecies of Fishes from the Essequibo. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.. XII. Albert GOnther. Helogenes Gunther, XII, 443; orthotype H. marmoratus Gthr. Crenuchus Gunther, XII, 443; orthotype C. spilurus Gthr. 830. JOHNSON (1863). Description of Three Nczc Genera of Marine Fishes Obtained at Madeira. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., XIV. Jamks Yates Johnson. Diretmus Johnson, 403 ; orthotype D. argenteus Jolinson. KAUP, 1863 327 Halosaurus Johnson, 407; orthotype H. oweni Johnson. Chiasmodon Johnson, 408; orthotype C. nicer Johnson. Spelled Chiasmqdus by Gunthcr. 831 K.XL'P (1863). Einige japanische Fischc. Nederl. Tijdschr. Dierk, I. JoHANN Jacob Kaup. Helotosoma Kaup, I. 162; orthotype H. servvs Kaup; said to be a synonym of Atvpichthys Gthr. 832. KNER (1863). Veber einige fossilc Fischc aus den Kreide- und Tertiar- schichten von Comcn und Podsused. Sitzb. Akad. Wiss. Wien, XLV^III. Rudolf Kner. J. Y. Johnson, Amiopsis Kner, XLVIII, 126; orthotype .\. prisca Kner (fossil). Fossil homologue of .Ami.\ L. Scombroclupea Kner, XLVIII, 132; orthotype S. pinnulata Kner (fossil.). The earlier name of this species, CLfPE.\ macrophtiial.ma Heckel, 1849, is pre- occupied ; Ranzani, 1842. 833. KKER & STEIXDACHNER (1863). Seuc Beitrage zur Kcnntniss der fossilen Fische Oesterreichs. Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien, XXI. Rudolph K.ner; Franz Steindachner. Pseudosyngnathus Kner & Steindachner, XXI, 28; orthotype Syngnathus opis- THOITERUS Ag. (fossil). 834. KNER & STEINDACHNER (1863). Ncue Gatlungcn und Arten von Fischen aus Cfniral-Amerika gcsammelt von Prof. Moritz Wagner. ,\bh. Miinchner. .Akad. Wiss., X. Rudolph Kner; Franz Steindachner. Date given by Dean as 1870; Troschel quotes these genera as of 1867; Gunthcr, Zoological Record, notes them, as previous to 1864. Saccodon Kner & Steindachner, X, 31 ; orthotype S. wagneri Kner & Steindachner. Pseudochalceus Kner & Steindachner. .\, 31 ; orthotype P. lineatus Kner & Stein- dachner. Chalcinopsis Kner & Steindachner, X, 31 ; logotype C. striatulus Kner & Stein- dachner. .X synonym of Brycon M. & T., not Chai.cinopsis llolmbcrg, 1891, which is Pseudocorvnopoma. 835 .MACKIE (1863). On a New Species of Hybodus from the Lower Chalk. The Geologist, VI. Samuel Joseph Mackie Nemacantbus Mackie, VI, 243 (orthotype Acrodus keuperianus Murchison & Strickland (fossil). A synonym of .\ckodus; name preoccupied, 1837. 836. VON DER MARCK (1863). Fossile Fische. Krebse und Pflanzen aus dem Plaltenkalk der jungsten Kreide in IVestphalen. Pal.Tontographica. XI, Cassel. W. VON DER MaRCK. Macrolepis von der Marck, XI, 26; orthotype M. n.oNOATUs Marck (fosil). Rhabdolepis von der Marck, XI, 26; orthotype R. cretaceus Marck (fossil). X.imc preoccupied; replaced by IIolcolepis von der Marck, 1868. Palxolycus von der Marck, XI, 31 ; orthotype P. drecinensis Marck (fossil). Scrobodus (Miinstcr) von der Marck, XI, 38; orthotype S. subovatus Miinster (fossil). A synonym of LEi-ioirrEs. 328 THE GENERA OF FISHES, PART III Microccelia von der Marck, XI, 48; orthotype M. granulata Marck (fossil). Leptosomus von der Marck. XI, 49; orthotype L. guestphalicus Marck (fossil). (Name several times preoccupied.) Tachynectes von der Marck, XI, 51; logotype T. macrodactylus Marck (fossil). Enchelurus von der Marck, XI, 58; orthotype E. villosus Marck (fossil). Leptotrachelus von der Marck, XI, 59; orthotype L. armatus Marck (fossil). 837. PUTNAM (1863). List of the fishes Sent by the Museum in Exchange, etc. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard College, I. Frederick Ward Putnam (1839-1915). Nothonotus (Agassiz) Putnam, I, 3; orthotype Etheostoma maculata Kirtland. Microperca Putnam, I, 4; orthotype M. punctulata Putnam. Cottogaster Putnam, I, 4; orthotype Boleosoma tessellatum Tliompson, not of Dekay = Cottog.\ster putnami J. & G. Pleurolepis (Agassiz) Putnam. I. 5; orthotype Etheostoma pellucidum Ag. Name preoccupied ; replaced by Vigil Jordan. 1919. Anarmostus (Scudder) Putnam, I, 12; logotype Diabasis flavolineatus Desmarest. Name preoccupied ; a synonym of H.emulon Cuv. Bathystoma (Scudder) Putnam. I. 12; logotype Perca melanura L = H,emulon jeniguano Poey. 838, SCHAFHAUTL (1863). Siidbaycrns Lethcca Gcognostica. K. E. Schafhautl (1803-1890). Diaphyodus Schafhautl, 246; orthotype D. ovalis Schafhautl (fossil). .\ synonym of Labrodon. 839. SIEBOLD (1863). Die SiisswasserHsche von Miticlcuropa. Carl Theodor Ernst von Siedold (1804-1885). Abramidopsis Siebold, 117; orthotype A. leuckarti Siebold. 'riiouglit to be a hybrid of Abramis and Rutilus. Bliccopsis Siebold, 142; orthotype B. abramorutilus Siebold. Thought to be a hybrid : Blicca and Rutilus. 840 STEINDACHNER (1863). Ichthyologische Mittheilungen: V. Vcher einige Labroiden. Verb. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien, XIII. Franz Steindachner. Cheiliopsis Steindachner, 1113; orthotype C. bivittatus Steind. 841. S'l EINDACHNER (1863). Beitragc cur Kcnntniss der fossilen Fischfauna Oesterreichs. Sitz. Akad. Wiss. Wien, XLVII. Franz Steindachner. Calamostoma Steindachner, XLVII, 133; logotype Acanthurus canoss/E Meckel (fossil). Name preoccupied, replaced by Aulorhamphus De Zigno, 1887. 842. STEIN D.^CHNER (1863). Beitidge cur Kcn)itniss der Sciccnoiden Brasiliens mil der Cyfrinodonlen Mexicos. Sitz. Akad. Wiss. Wien, XLVIII. Franz Steindachner. Diplolepis Steindachner, 2; orthotype Sci.i;na squamosissima Heckcl. Name pre- occupied ; a synonym of Plagioscion Gill. Pcecilodes Steindachner, XLVIII, 176; orthotype P. bimaculatus Steind. Syno nym of Pseudoxiphophorus Blkr. WAGNER, 1863 329 843. WAGNER (1863). Monographie der fossilcn Fische aus den Uthographischen S chief cm Bayerns. IX. Andre.\s Wagner. Heterostrophus Warner. IX, 614; orthotypc H. latus Wagner (fossil). Printed Heteko.stichus in An:. Biiyr. Akad. Wiss., 1860, p. 63. This name is pre- occupied. Plesiodus Wagner, IX, 632; orthotype P. pustulosus Wagner (fossil). A synonym oi Lepidotes. Eurycormus Wagnir, IX, 707; orthotype E. speciosus Wagner (fossil). A syno- iiyni of Macropo.ma .Ag. Liodesmus Wagner, IX, 709; orthotype Pholidophorus gracilis Ag. (fossil). Macrorhipis Wagner, IX, 723; orthotype Pachycormus muensteri Wagner (fossil). A synonym of Ionoscopus. 1864 844. VAN BENEDEN & DE KONINCK (1864). Notice sur U Palcedaphus insignis. Bull. Roy. Soc. Beige, XVII. Pierre J. Van Beneden (1809-1894) ; L. J. de Koninxk. Palatdaphus Van Beneden & De Koninck. XVII, 150; orthotype P. insignis Beneden & Koninck (fossil). 845. BLEEKER (1864). Notice sur la faunc ichtliyologique dc Siam. Vcrsl. Akad. Amsterdam, XVI, 1864, 352-358. Pieter Bleeker. Heterobagnis BIccker, 355 ; orthotype H. bocourti Blkr. 846. BOCAGE & CAPELLO (1864). Sur quclquc esfcccs inldilcs de Squa- nder . . . que frcquentcnt les cotes du Portugal. Proc. Zool. Soc. London. Jos6 Vincent Barboza du Bocage (1823-1907); Felix de Brito Capello (1838- ). Centroscymnus Bocage & Capello, 263; orthotype C. ccelolepis Bocage & Capello. Scymnodon Bocage & Capello, 263; orthotype S. incens Bocage & Capello. 847. CANESTRINI (1864). Sludi sui Lcpadogaster del Meditcrraneo. Arch. Zool. Anat. Fisiol., III. Giovanni Canestrini. Mirbelia Canestrini, 189; logotype Lepaoaster decandollii Risso. 848. COCCHI (1864). Monografia dci Pharyngodopilida: nuovo famiglia dei pesci Labroidei. Ann. Mus. Firenze, I. IciNo CoccHi (1828- ). Egertonia Cncchi, I, 121; orthotype E. isodonta Cocchi (fossil). Pharyngodopilus Cocchi, I, 12.3; logotype P. canariensis Cocchi (fossil). A syno- nym of Labsodon. Taurinichthys Cocchi, I, 152; orthotypc Scarus miocenicus Michclotti (fossil). 849 COPE (MUA). On a Blind Silurid . . . from Pennsylvania. Proc. Acad. Nat Sci. Phila. Edward Drinker Copk (1840-1897). Gronias Cope, 231 ; orthotypc Gro.vias nigrilabris Cope. 330 THE GENERA OF FISHES, PART III 850. COSTA (1864). (Fossil Fishes.) Atti, Pontan. Oronzio Gabriele Costa. Oenoscopus Costa, VIII, 59; orthotype Ionoscopus petraroi/E Costa (fossil). Name a (needless?) substitute for Ionoscopus. Hyptius Costa, 80; orthotype H. sebastiani Costa. A synonym of Sauropsidium Costa, 1850. Platycerhynchus Costa, VIII, 98; orthotype P. rhohbeus Costa (fossil). An indeterminable ally of Belonostomus. 851. EGERTON (1864). On Some IchthyoUtes . . . from New South Wales. Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc, XX. Philie de Malpas Grey Egerton. Myriolepis Egerton, XX, 3; orthotype M. clarkei Egert. (fossil). Cleithrolepis Egerton, XX, 3; orthotype C. granulatus Egert. (fossil). 852. GILL ( 1864) . Description of a Neiv Labroid Genus Allied to Trochocopus Gthr. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phik., XVI. Theodore Gill. Pimelometopon Gill, 58 ; orthotype Labrus pulcher Ayres. 853. GILL (1864). Xotes on the Nomenclature of Genera and Species of the Family Echeneidoidcc. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., XVI. Theodore Gill. Leptecheneis Gill, 60 ; orthotype Echeneis naucrates L. A synonym of Echeneis L. as restricted by Gill, 1860. 854. GILL (1864). Critical Remarks on the Genera Sebastes and Sebastodes of Ayres. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., XVI. Theodore Gill. Sebastomus Gill, 147 ; orthotype Sebastes rosaceus Grd. Sebastosomus Gill, 147; orthotype Sebastes melanops Grd. 855. GILL (1864). Second Contribution to the Selachology of California. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., XVI. Theodore Gill. Eugaleus Gill, 148 ; orthotype Squalus galeus L. Substitute for Galeus Cuv., preoccupied by Galeus Raf. A synonym of Galeorhinus Blaniv., as restricted by Gill. Pleuracromylon Gill, 148; orthotype Mustelus l^kvis = Galeus mustelus Gill. A synonym of Mustelus Cuv., not of Valmont, the last probably not eligible. 856. GILL ( 1864). Several Points in Ichthyology. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Pliila., XVI. Theodore Gill. Electrophorus Gill, 151; orthotype Gymnotus electricus L. Gymnotes Gill, 152; orthotype Gymnotus .t.quilabiatus Humboldt. A synonym of Stkrnopygus M. & T. Hypopomus Gill, 152; orthotype Rhamphichthys mulleri Kaup. Replaces Brachvriiamphichthys Gthr., 1870. 857. GILL (1864). Notes on the Paralepidoids and Microstomatoids and on Some Peculiarities of Arctic Ichthyology. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., XVI. Arctozenus Gill, 188; orthotype Paralepis borealis Reinh. GILL, 1864 331 858. GILL 11864.) Xole on lit,- Cydopteroids of Eastern Xorth America. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., XVI. Theodore Gill. Euinicrotremus Gill. 190; orthotype Cvclopterus spinosus Miillcr. 859. GILL ( 1864). Synof.soiDES Fahricius. .-\ synonym of Hippoclossoides Gottsche. Lophopsetta Gill, 216; orthotype Pleuronectes maculatus Mitchill. Liopset^ Gill, 216; orthotype Platessa glabra Storer. Myzopsetta Gill, 217; orthotype Platessa ferruginea Storer. A synonym of Li.M.vNDA Gotschc. Chaenopsetta Gill, 218; orthotype Platessa ocellaris Dekay. A synonym of Paka- I.il HTHYS Grd. Euchalarodus Gill, 221 ; orthotype E. putnami Gill, the male of Liopsetta glabra (Storer). A synonym of Liopsetta Gill. Ancylopsetta Gill, 224; orthotype A. guADROCELLAiA Gill. A synonym of Pseudos noMBUs Blkr. 863. GILL (1864). Synopsis of the Faslem American Sharks. Proc. .\cad. Nat. Sci. Phila., XVI. Theodore Gill. Eugomphodus Gill. 26; orthotype Squalus littoralis Mitchill. .A synonym of Carcharias Raf. Platypodon Gill, 264; orthotype Carcharis .menisorsah M. & H. Isistius (iill. 264; orthotype Scymni-.s drasiliensis Q. & G. Euprotorr.icrus f'.iH, 264; orthotype Scymnus ladordei .\I. & M. Rhinoscymnus (iiU, 264; orthotype Scymnus rostratus Risso. 864. GILL (1864). Kcfie-^u of Holbrook's Ichthyology of South Carolina. Am. Journ. Sci. Arts. XXXVII Theodore Gilu 332 THE GENERA OF FISHES, PART III Enneacanthus Gill, 92; orthotype Pomotis obesus Grd. Acantharchus Gill, 92; orthotype Centrarchus pomotis Baird. Hyperistius Gill, 92; orthotype Centrarchus hexacanthus Cuv. A section under PoMoxis Raf. Mesogonistius Gill, 92; orthotype Pomotis ch-etodon Baird. Chaenobryttus Gill, 92; orthotype Calliurus melanops Grd. = Pomotis gulosus Cuv. & Val. Misprinted Ch^nobrythus. Eucentrarchus Gill, 93 ; orthotype Perca iridea Bosc. A substitute for Centrar- chus as currently used — not of Cuvier & Valenciennes, which is a synonym of Ambloplites Raf. 865. GRAY (1864). Notice of a Portion of a New Form of Animal (Myriosteon higginsi) Probably Indicating a New Group of Echinodermata. Proc. Zool. Soc. London. John Edward Gray. Myriosteon Gray ; orthotype M. higginsi Gray ; a tube from a rostral cartilage of Pristis, supposed to be an echinoderm. A synonym of Pristis Latham. 866. GUICHENOT (1864). L. Maillard: Notes snr I'ile de la Reunion. Fauna Ichthiologique. AlPHONSE GUICHENOT. Glyphodes Guichenot, 3 ; orthotype G. aprionoides Guich. Name preoccupied in Lepidoptera. Cotylopus Guichenot (appendix) 10; logotype C. acutipinnis Guich. 867. GONTHER (1864). Catalogue of the Fishes in the British Museum.. V. Albert Gunthes. Copiodoglanis Giinther, V, 25 ; logotype Plotosus tandanus Mitchill. A synonym of Tandanus Mitchill. Amphilius Giinther, V, 115; orthotype Pimelodus platychir Gthr. Notoglanis Giinther, V, 136; haplotype Pimelodus multiradiatus Kner = P. ara- KAiMA Schomburgk. A section under Rhamdia. Euclyptosternum Giinther, V, 180 ; orthotype Silurus cous L. A substitute for Aglyptosternon Blkr., 1863, the thorax having a sucking disk, which Bleeker's name would deny. The change is not admissible. Diplomystax Giinther, V, 180; orthotype Arius papillosus Cuv. & Val. An emen- dation of DlPLOMYSTES Blkr. Paradiplomystax Giinther, V, 180; orthotype Pimelodus coruscans Lichtenstein. An emendation of Paradiplomystes Blkr. Rhinoglanis Giinther, V, 216; orthotype R. typus Gthr. Cnidoglanis Guntlicr, V, 217; logotype Plotosus megastomus Rich. Callomystax Giinther, V, 218; orthotype Pimelodus gagata Ham. = Gagata aypus Blkr. An unwarranted substitute for Gagata Blkr., incorrectly defined. A synonym of Batasio Blyth. Stygogenes Giinther, V, 223; orthotype S. humboldti Gthr. Perhaps a synonym of Cyclopium Sw. Scleromystax Giinther, V, 225; orthotype Callichthys barbatus Q. & G. Liposarcus (iiuithcr, V, 234; logotype Hypostomus multiradiatus Hancock. Cochliodon ( Meckel) Giinther, V, 238; tautotype Hypostomus cochliodon Kner. Heterythrinus Giinther, V, 283; orthotype Eryturinus salmoneus Gronow. A synonym of Erythrinus (Gronow) Scopoli. GUNTHER, 1864 333 Cxnotropus Giinlhcr, V, 297 ; orthotype Citharinus chilodus Cuv. & Val. = Chilodus punctatus M. & T. a substitute for Chilodus M. & T. and MicRODUs Kner, both names preoccupied. Brachyalestes Gunthcr, V, 314; logotype Myletes NimsE Riippell. Hemibrycon Gunthcr, V, 318; haplotypc Tetraconopterus polyodon Gthr. Creatochanes Gunthcr, V, 318; logotype Salmo mei,anurus Bloch. Scissor i.iuuhcr. V, 331; orthotype S. macrocephalus Gthr. Creagrutus Gunthcr, V. 339; orthotype Leporinus muelleri Gthr. Anacyrtus Gunthcr, V, 34S ; logotype Salmo gibbosus L. Substitute for Epicyrtus, preoccupied. Roestes Giinther, V, 345; orthotype Cynopotamus molossus Kner. Roeboides Gunthcr, V, 345 ; logotype Anacyrtus gijatemalensis Gthr. Hystricodon Gunthcr, V, 349; orthotype Exodon paradoxus M. & T. = Epicyrtus ExoDON Cuv. & Val. A substitute for Exodon M. & T., said to be preoccupied. Sarcodaces Gunthcr, V, 353 ; orthotype Salmo odoe Bloch. Oligosarcus Giinther, V, 353; orthotype O. arcenteus Gthr. Ichthyborus Gunthcr, V, 364; orthotype I. microlepis Gthr. Prototroctes Gunthcr, V, 383; orthotype P. marina Gthr. Coccia Gunthcr, V, 387; orthotype Gonostomus ovatus Cocco. A substitute for IcHTHYococcus Bon., ^a name given in honor of Cocco. Such names have "always been considered as a nuisance," hence changed by Giinther, an action without warrant under accepted rules. Notoscopelus Giinther, V, 405; logotype Lampanyctus resplendens Rich. Replaces Macrosto.ma Risso, preoccupied as Macrostomus. Dasyscopelus Giinther, V, 405; orthotype Myctophum asperum Rich. Ceratoscopelus Giinther, V, 405; orthotype Scopelus maderensis Lowe. Melamphaes Gunthcr, V, 433; orthotype Metopias typhi.ops Lowe, substitute for Metopias, preoccupied. 868. GONTHER (1864). Description of a New Fossil Fish from the Lower Chalk (Folkestone). Gcol. Mag., L Albert Gunther. PLnthophorus Giinther, I, 115; orthotype P. robustus Gthr. (fossil). 869. GONTHER (1864). On Some New Species of Central American Fishes. Proc. Zool. Soc. London. Albert Gunther. Microdesmus Giinther, 26; orthotype M. dipus Gthr. 870 GUNTHER (1864). On a New Genus of Pediculate Fish (Melanocetus John- soni) from the Sea of Madeira. Proc. Zool. Soc. London. Albert Gunther. Melanocetus Gunthcr, 301; orthotype M. johnsoni Gthr. 871. GONTHER (1864). On a New Generic Type of Fishes Discovered by the Late Dr. Leichardt in Queensland. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. Albert Giinther. Scleropagei Giinther, XIV, 195; orthotype S. LErcHARDTi Gthr. 872 GONTHER (1864). Report on a Collection of Reptiles and Fishes Made by Dr. Kirk in the Zambesi and Nyassa Regions . Proc. Zool. Soc. London. Albert Gunther. Peletrophus Giinther, 314; logotype P. microlepis Giinther. 334 THE GENERA OF FISHES, PART III 873. GUNTHER (1864). Zoological Record for 1864. Albert Gunther. Auchenoglanis Gunther, 165; orthotype Pimelodus biscutatus Geoffrey St. Hilaire. A substitute for Auchenaspis Blkr. (not Egerton), preoccupied. Gillia Giinther, 157; orthotype Gillichthys mirabilis Cooper. A substitute for GiLLicHTHYS, deemed "barbarous." 874. JACKEL (1864). Die Fische Bayerns. Abh. Zool. Min. Ver. Regensburg. Andreas Johannes Jackel. Scardiniopsis Jackel. 101 ; orthotype S. anceps Jackel. Supposed to be a hybrid of RuTiLus and Scardinius. 875. KNER (1864). Spccielles V erzeichniss der Kaiserlichen Fregattc "Novara" gesammclten Fische. Sitzb. Akad. Wiss. Wien, LIII. Rudolf Kner. Pseudomugil Kner, LIII, 543; orthotype P. signifer Kner. ChceroplotoEus Kner, LIII, 545; orthotype Plotosus limbatus Cuv. & Val. Silurodon Kner, LIII, 546; orthotype S. hexanema Kner. 876. MARCUSEN (1864). Die Familie der Mormyren, etc. Mem. Acad. Sci. St. Petersb., VII. JOHANN MaRCUSEN. Petrocephalus Marcusen, 1 ; logotype Mormyrus bane Lac. Phagrus Marcusen, 1 ; orthotype Mormyrus dorsalis GeoiTroy St. Hilaire. 877. PETERS (1864). Uebcr einige ncue Sdugethiere, Amphibien umd Fische. Sitzb. Akad. Wiss. Berlin. WiLHELM Peters. Saurenchelys Peters, 397 ; orthotype S. cancrivora Peters. A synonym of Chlopsis Raf. Diaphanichthys Peters. 399; orthotype D. brevkaudus Peters. Larva, allied to Conger. 878. POWRIF. (1864). On the Fossiliferous Rock of Forfarshire and Their Contents. Quart. Journ. Geol., XX. James Powrie. Ictinocephalus (Page) Powrie, XX, 419; orthotype Diplacanthus gracilis E'gert. C fossil). Listed name only as I. granulatus by Page, Rept. Brit. Assn., 1858, 104. Euthacanthus Powrie, XX, 425 ; orthotype E. macnicoli Powrie. A synonym of Climatius Ag. 879. KOMANOWSKY (1864). Description de quclques resics de poissons fossiles trouves dans le calcaire carbonifere dii gouvernement de Toula. Bull Soc. Imp. Nat. Moscou, II. Ghennadi D.\nilovich Romanowsky (= Romanovskii). Lophodus Romanowsky. XXXVI, 160; logotype L. irregularis Romanowsky (fossil). Apparently a synonym of Psephodus. Plintholepis Romanowsky, XXXVII, 169; orthotype P. retrorsa Romanowsky ( fossil). Sporolepis Romanowsky. XXX VI I, 169; logotype S. pyriformis Romanowsky (fossil). BLEEKER. 1865 335 1865 880. BLEKKER (1865). Rhinobagrus ct Pclteobagrus, deux genres nouieaux de Siluroides de Chine. Xcdcr. Tijdschr. Dierk.. II, 1865, 710. PlETER BLERKER. Rhinobagrus BIceker. 9; orthotypc R dumebili BIkr. Pclteobagrus Blocker. 9; orthotypc Sill-rus CALv,^RIl's Basilcwsky = Pimelodus KiLvinKACo Rich. Replaces pLrviDR.Aco Jordan & Starks. 881. BLEEKER (1865). Parataubuca, iin };i-nri- nouz'cau de Cyfrino'idcs de Siam. Xcdcr. Tijdschr. Dierk.. II. 1865. 15-17. PlETER BlEEKER. Paralaubuca BIceker. II. lO; orthotypc P. tvpcs Blkr. 882. BLEEKER (1865). Xotices siir quciqucs genres et especes de Cyprinoides de Chine. Xcdcr. Tijdschr. Dierk., II, 1865. 28-29. PlETER BlEEKER. Parabramis Bleckcr, 22; orthotypc Abra.mis pekinensis Basil. Acanthobrama BIceker, 25; orthotypc A. sinoni Blkr. Paracanthobrama BIceker. 23 ; orthotypc P. cuichenoti Blkr. Pseudolaubuca BIceker, 28; orthotypc P. sinensis Blkr. 883. BLEEKER (1865). Poissonsinedits indo-archipilaiques de I'ordre dcs Murenes. Xeder. Tijdschr. Dierk.. II. 1865, 55-62. PlETER BlEEKER. Brachyconger BIceker, II, 236; orthotypc Mur>ena savanna Cuv. .X synonym of ( vNoi'oNTicus Costa. Achirophichthys BIceker. II, 242; orthotypc .\. tvpi's Blkr. .\ pparently the young of Bracuvsomophis. 884. BLEEKER (1865). Systema Murcenorum revisum. Neder. Tijdschr. Dierk., II. 1865. 113-122. PlETER BlEEKER. Paranguilla BIceker. 113; orthotypc Enchelyopus ticrinus Ag. (fossil). Xamc 3 substitute for Enchelyopus .-\g., preoccupied. Pseudomoringua BIceker, 114; orthotypc Morincua lumbricoidea Rich. Oxyconger BIceker, 116; orthotypc Conger leptocnathus Blkr. 885 BLKI-.KI'R (1865). Quatri^me nntiee sur la faune iehlhyologique de I'ile de fiouro. .\eder. Tijdschr. Dierk., II, 1865. PlETER Bi.EEKER. Tetrades BIceker, 145; orthotypc Tetrapraciimum xanthosoma Blkr. App.Tr ently n lapsus for Tetradrachmum. 886 BLEEKER (1865). Xotiee sur le genre Parnploaelis el deseriptinn de snn esfi'ee type. Xcdcr. Tijdschr. Dierk., 1865, 168-170. PlETER BlEEKEK. Paraploactis BIceker, II, 169; orthotypc P. traciiyiierma Blkr. 886A BLEEKER (1865). Deseriplion de quelques esp^ees de poissons du Japan. , du Cap de Bonne Espfranee et de .'iuriname . . . au Musfe de Leide. Xeder. Tijecies of Verte- tebrates Mainly from the Subcarboniferous Limestones and Coal Measures of Illinois. Geol. Surv. Ills., II. John Strong Newberry; Amos H. Worthen. Antliodus Newberry & Worthen, II, 33 ; logotype A. parvulus Newberry & Worthen. A synonym of Petalodus Owen. Dactylodus Newberry & Worthen, II, 33; logotype D. princeps Newberry & Worthen (fossil). Aspidodus Newberry & Worthen, II, 92; logotype P.sephodus crenulatus St. John & Worthen (fossil). A synonym of Psephodus. Sandalodus Newberry & Worthen, II, 102; orthotype S. angustus Newberry & Worthen. (fossil). Rinodus Newberry & Worthen, II, 106; orthotype R. calceolus Newberry & Worthen (fossil). A synonym of Ptyctodus. Trigonodus Newberry & Worthen, II, 111; logotype T. major. Newberry & Worthen (fossil). Apparently a synonym of Psephodus. Drepanacanthus Newberry & Worthen, II, 120 (fossil); orthotype D. anceps Newberry & Worthen. A synonym of Physonemus. 932. OWEN (1866). On a Genus and Species of Sauroid Fish. (Thlattodus suchoides Ow.) from the Kimmeridge Clay of Norfolk. Geol. Mag. Richard Owen. Thlattodus Owen, III, 55; orthotype T. suchoides Owen (fossil). A synonym of Caturus. 933. OWEN (1866). On a Genus and Species of Sauroid Fish (Ditaxiodus impar Ow.) from the Kimmeridge Clay of Culham, Oxfordshire. Geol. Mag. Richard Owen. Ditaxiodus Owen, 107; orthotype D. impar Owen (fossil). A synonym of Caturus. 934. PETERS (1866). Mittheilung iiber Fische, etc. Mon. Akad. Wiss. Berlin. WiLHELM Peters. Auliscops Peters, 510; orthotype A. spinescens Peters = Aulorhynchus flavidus. Gill. .\ synonym of ,\ulorhynchus Gill. Labracoglossa Peters, 513; orthotype L. argenteiventris Peters. Nematocentris Peters, 516; orthotype N. splendida Peters. A .synonym of Mela- notcenia Gill. 935. PICTET & HUMBERT (1866). Nouvclles rechcrchcs sur les poissons fossiles du Mont Liban. Arch. Sci. Geneve, XXVI. Francois Jules Pictet; A. Humbert. Cheirothrix Pictct & Humbert, 51; orthotype C. lidanicus Pictet & lluinbcrt (fossil). Spelled Chirothri.k by Woodward. Solenognathus Picetet & Humbert, 54; ortliotypc S. uneolatus Pictct iSf Humbert (fossil). Name preoccupied; same as Charitosomus von dcr Marck, 85. Opisthopteryx Pictct & Humbert, 78; (misprinted Opistoptery.x) ; orthotype Mesocaster gracilis Pictet. Pseudoberyx Pictet & Humbert, 32; logotype P. syriacus Pictet & Humbert (fossil). Aspidopleurus Pictet & Humbert. 107; orthotype A. cataphractus Pictet & Hum bert. .'\ synonym of Prionolepis Egert. FLAYFAIR, 1866 343 936. I'LAVTAIR (1866). The Fishes of Zanzibar. Robert Playfair. Tripterodon Plaiyfair, 42; orthotype T. orbis Playfair. 937. REINHARDT (1866). Om Ircndc foriiu-ntligt ubcskrevne Fisk of Chara- einernfs eller Karpelaxcnes familie Overs. Dansk. Korh. Kjobenhavn. JoHANN Theodor Reinhardt (1816-1882). Piabina Reinhardt. 49 ; orthotype P. argentea Reiiih. Characidium Reinhardt, 56; orthotype C. fasciatum Reinh. 938. SCHMIDT (1866). I'eber Thycslcs I'crrucosiis . . . silurische Fischresic auf der Inset Oesel. Vcrh. Min. Gcs. St. Petersburg. Friedrich Schmidt (1832-1908). Tremataspis Schmidt, 1, 233; orthotype Ckphalaspis schrenki Pander (fossil). Apparently a synonym of Stigmolepis Pander. 939. SMITH (1866). Description of Calamoichthys, a Sexc Genus of Ganoid Fish from Old Calabar, etc. Trans. Roy. Soc. Edinburg. XXIV. John Alexander Smith. Calamoichthys J. .\. Smith, V, 654; orthotype Herpetoichthys calabaricus Smith. .\ substitute for Herpetoichthys or Erpetoichthys. preoccupied in eels. 940 STEINDACHNER (1866). (Richardsonia.) Sitzb. Akad. Wiss. VVien. Franz Steindachner. Richardsonia Steindachner, 53; orthotype .Argentina retropinna Rich. A synonym of Retropinna Gill. 941. STEIXDACHXER (1866). Zur Fischfauna von Fori Jackson in .-luslralien. Sitzb. Akad. Wiss. Wien. LI 1 1. Franz Steindachner. Schuettea Steindachner, LIII, 449; orthotype S. scalaripinnis Steind. Heterochoerops Steindachner, LIII, 461 ; orthotype H. viridis Steind 942. STEIXD.-KCHXER (1866). IchlhyoloRischer Bericht ucber eine nach Spanien und I'ortugal unlernomencr Rcise. IV. Sitzb. .\kad. Wiss. Wien. Franz Steindachner. Pachychilon Steindachner, LIV, 263; orthotype Squalius pictus Heckcl & Kner. 943. STEIXDACHXER (1866). Zur Fischfauna Kaschmirs und der benachbarten Landesstreiche. Verh. Zool. Bot. Gcs. Wien, XVI. Franz Steindachner. Kneria Steindachner, 769; orthotype K. angolensis Steind. Ctenopharyngodon Steindachner, 782; orthotype C. laticeps Steind. Schizopygopsis .Stcind.ichner, 786; orthotype S. stoliczk.i; Steind. Diptychus Steindachner, 787; orthotype I), maculati-.s Steind. Ptychobarbus Steindachner, 789; orthotype P. conirostris Steind 944. TROSCHEL (1866). F.in Beilraa zur ichlhyologischen Fauna der Insel der Griinen yorgebirges (Cape I'erde Islands). Arch. Xaturg. Fra.vz Her.mann Troschel. Onychognathus Troschel, 231 ; orthotype O. cautus Troschel. 945. YOUXG (1866). On the Affinities of Plalysnmus and .Allied Genera Qmn Journ. Gcol., XXH. John Young. 344 THE GENERA OF FISHES, PART III Amphicentrum Young, XXII, 306; orthotype A. granulosum Young (fossil). A synonym of Cheirodus. Euryosomus Young, XXII, 311; orthotype E. macrurus Young (fossil). A syno- nym of Globulodus. Mesolepis Young, XXII, 313; logotype M. wardi Young (fossil). Cycloptychius Young, 318; ortliotype C. carbonarius (Huxley) Young (fossil). 946. YOUNG (1866). Notice of New Genera of Carboniferous Glyptodipterines. Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc, XXII. John Young. Rhizodopsis Young, XXII 596; orthotype Holoptychius sauroides Williamson, not of Binney = Rhizodus cranulatus (Ag.), fossil. Dendroptychius (Huxley) Young, XXII, 601; orthotype Holoptychius sauroides Rinney (fossil). Identical with Strepsodus Young and with page priority. Strepsodus (Young) XXII, 602; orthotype Holoptychius sauroides Binney (fossil). Rhomboptychius (Huxley) Young, XXII, 604; orthotype (Megalichthys inter- MEDius Woodw.) (fossil). A synonym of Centrodus. 1867 947. COPE (1867). Description of a New Genus (Phenacobius teretutus) of Cyprinoid Fisches from Virginia. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. Edward Drinker Cope. Phenacobius Cope, 96; orthotype P. teretulus Cope. 948. COPE (1867). On the Distribution of Fresh-water Fishes in the Allegheny Region of Southwestern Virginia. Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. Edward Drinker Cope. Hemioplites Cope, 217; orthotype H. simulans Cope. An aberrant specimen of Enneacanthus. 949. COPE (1867). Synopsis of the Cyprinidcc of Pennsylvania: Supplement on Some New Species of American and African Fishes. Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc, XIII. Edward Drinker Cope. Photogenis Cope, 378; tautotype Squalius photocenis Cope = Photogenis leucops Cope. P. spilopterus, a species of the group Erogala, has been named as type by Jordan, but tlic tautotype takes precedence. Cryptosmilia Cope, XIII, 401 ; orthotype C. luna Cope. A synonym of Drepane Cuv. (Enixe Gistel). Enteromius Cope, XIII, 405; orthotype E. potamogalis Cope. Sphagomorus Cope, XIII, 407; orthotype Hippoglossus erumei Cuv. :\n ally of PsETTODEs Bennett, but with simple, not barbed, teeth. 950. V).W (1867). On Some New or Imperfectly Known Fishes of Madras. Proc. Zool. Soc. London. Francis Day. Gogrius Day, 563; orthotype Pimelodus gogra Sykes = Gogrius sykesi Day. A synonym of Rita Blkr. 951. GONTHER (1867). On the Identity of Alcpisaurus (Lowe) with Plagyodus (Steller). Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., XIX. Albert Gunther. GiJNTHER, 1867 345 Plagyodus (Stolltr. in Pallas. 1811) Giinther, XIX, 185; orthotypc Plagyodus (Stellcr) Pallas = Alepisaurus ^sculapius Bean. Revival of an old name which may be intenable as mononomial and printed only in the dative case ("Placyodontem") by its author. 952. GONTHER (1867). Desriftion of Some Little Known Species of Fishes in . . . lite British Museum. Proc. Zool. See. London. Albert Gunther. Champsodon Giinther, 102; orthotype C. vorax Gthr. 953 GONTHER (1867). On a New Form of Mudfish from Xew Zealand. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., XX. Albert Gunther. Neochanna Giinther, X, 305; orthotype N. apoda Gthr. 954. GONTHER (1867). Additions to the Knowledge of Australian Reptiles and Fishes. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., XX. Albert Gunther. Sticharium Giinther, XX, 62, orthotype S. dorsale Gthr. Notograptus Gunther. XX, 63; orthotype N. guttatus Gthr. 955. GONTHER (1867). New Fishes from Gaboon and the Gold Coast. Ann. Nat. Hist. Albert Gunther. Gymnallabes Giinther, XX, HI; orthotype G. typus Gthr. Nannocharax Giinther, XX. 112; orthotype N. fasciatus Gthr. Xenocharax Gunther, XX, 112; orthotypc X. spilurus Gthr. 956. GUICHENOT (1867). Notice sur le lophiopside, nouveau genre de poisson de la famille de lophioides, etc. Mem. Soc. Nat. Sci. Cherbourg, XIII. Alphonse Guichenot. Lophiopsides Guichenot, 21 ; orthotype Lophius vo.\ierinus Cuv. & Val. Distin- guished from Lophius by the absence of vomerine teeth; perhaps lost with age. 957. GUICHENOT (1867). Notice sur le Neosibaste, nouveau genre, etc. Mem. Soc. Nat. Sci. Cherbourg, XIII. Alphonse Guichenot. Neosebastes Guichenot, XIII, 83; orthotype N. scorPvENoides Guich. 958. GUICHENOT (1867). Notice sur le Siriolophe, nouveau genre de poissons de la famille des scomberoides, etc. Mem. Soc. Nat. Sci. Cherbourg, XIII, 90-95. Alphonse Guichenot. Leptolepis (Van Hasselt) Guichenot, 68; orthotype L. arcenteus Van Hasselt. .Name of type only, no definition. Possibly intended for Pampus argenteus; name preoccupied in fossils. Seriolophus Guichenot. 90; orthotypc S. carancoides Guich. A synonym of .N'e.matistius Gill. 959 GUICHENOT (1867). Notice sur le Salarichthys nouveau Rcnre de poissons, etc. Mem Soc. Nat. Sci. Cherbourg. Alphonse Guichenot. 346 THE GENERA OF FISHES, PART III Salarichthys Guichinot, 14; orthotype Salarias vomerinus Cuv. & Val. = Sala- RiAS TEXTiLis Q. & G. (Written Salariichthys by Jordan, 1890.) 960. HUXLEY (1867). (Fossil Fishes.) Trans. Royal Irish Society, XXIV. Thomas Henry Huxley. Campylopleuron Huxley & Wright, XXIV, 353 (fossil). Probably a synonym of Ctenodus. 961. JOHNSON (1867). Description of a New Genus of Spinacidce Founded on a Shark Obtained at Madeira. Proc. Zool. Soc. London. James Yate Johnson. Machephilus Johnson, 713; orthotype M. dumerili Johnson = Squalus squamosus Bonnaterre. A synonym of Lepidorhinus Bon. 962. KNER (1867). Neuer Beitrag sur Kenntniss der fossilen Fische von Comen bei Gorz. LVI. Sitzb. Akad. Wiss. Wien. Rudolf Kner. Hemisaurida Kner, LVI, 172; orthotype H. neocomiensis Kner (fossil). Hemirhynchus Kner, LVI, 182; logotype H. heckeli Kner (fossil). A synonym of Belonostomus Ag. 963. KNER (1867). Nachtrag cii den fossilen Fischen von Raibl. Sitzb. Akad. Wiss. Wien, LV. Rudolf Kner. Pterygopterus Kner, LV, 722; orthotype P. apus Kner (fossil). Probably a synonym of Thoracopterus. 964. KNER (1867). (Teleosaurns.) Sitzb. Akad. Wiss. Wien, LVI. Rudolf Kner. Teleosaurus Kner, LVI, 90S; orthotype T. tenuistriatus Kner (fossil). A syno- nym of Saurorhynchus. 965. KNER (1867). (Scarostoma.) Sitzb. .\kad. Wiss. Wien. Rudolf Kner. Scarostoma Kner, LVI, 715 ; orthotype S. insigne Kner. An ally of Oplegnathus Rich., perhaps generically distinct. 966. KREFFT (1867). Descriptions of Some New Australian Fresh-water Fishes. Proc. Zool. Soc. London. Geraud Krefft. Mionorus Kreffl, 943; orthotype M. lunatus Krefft (scales 30). An ally of Apogon (Amia). 967. LANKESTER (1867). On Didymaspis, a New Genus of Cefhalaspidian Fishes. Geol. Mag., IV. Edwin Ray Lankester. Didymaspis Lankester, IV, 152; orthotype D. grindrodi Lank, (fossil). 968. OWEN (1867). (Dittodus, etc.; Trans. Odontograph Soc. London, V. Richard Owen. Dittodus Owen, V, 325; logotype Dittodus divergens Owen (fossil). Probably founded on teeth of Orth acanthus. POEY 1867 347 Mitrodus Owen. V, 338; orthotype M. quadricornis Owen (fossil). A synonym pf Gyracanthus Ag. Ganacrodus Owen, V, 340; orthotype G. hastula Owen (fossil). Probably identical with Elonichthys. Ageleodus Owen, V, 3-40; orthotype A. diadema Owen (fossil). Regarded as identical with Callopristodus Traquair, 1888, and of earlier date. Ochlodus Owen, V, 346; orthotype O. crassus Owen (fossil). Probably a syno- nym of DiCRANouus and Orthacanthus. Ganolodus Owen, V, 354; logotype G. craccesi Owen (fossil). A synonym of Rhizodopsis. Aganodus Owen, V, 359; logotype A. apicalis Owen (fossil). A synonym of ORTll.\CANTHt'S (DiCRANODL'S). Pternodus Owen, V, 363; orthotype P. productus Owen (fossil). A synonym of I )KTH ACANTHUS ( DlCRANODL's). Sagenodus Owen, V, 365; orthotype S. inequalis Owen (fossil). Characodus Owen, V, 366; logotype C. confertus Owen (fossil). A synonym of Rhizuuopsis, not Characodon Gthr., 1866, not Characodus (Ag.) Davis, 1883. Gastrodus Owen, 370: orthotype G. PR/tPosixus Owen (fossil). A synonym of Rhizodopsis. 969. POEY (1867). Rcvista dc los feces descrilos par Poey. In Repcrtorio Fisico-Xatural dc la Isla de Cuba. Felipe Poev v Aloy. Mullhypeneus Pocy, II, 160; orthotype Upeneus flavovittatus Poey. A section under Upeneus Cuv. 970. POEY (1867). Monografia de las Morenos Cubanas. Repertorio Fisico- Natural dc la Isla dc Cuba. II Felipe Poev v .Alov. Macrodonophis Poey. II, 251; orthotype M. moroax Poey. A synonym of Crota- lopsis Kaup. Uranichthys Pocy. II, 256; logotype Mur^na havannensis BI. & Schn. A syno- nym of Ophichthus Ahl. Pythonichthys Poey, II, 265; orthotype P. sanguineus Pocy. 971 QUENSTEDT (1867). Handbuch der Petrefacten. Friedrich August von Ql'enstedt. Cyclospondylus Qucnstcdt, Ed. 2, 260; orthotype Thrissops micropodius Ag. (fossil). A synonym of Euthyonotus. 972. SAUVAGE (1867). Catalogue des poissons des formations sccondaires du Boulonnais. Henri Smile Sauvace (1844- ). "Eulepidotae" Sauvagc, 20; a plural term applied to typical species of Lepidotes. .X'lt a generic name. Curtodus Sauvagc. II, 53; logotype C. corallinus Sauvagc (fossil). Auluxacanthus Sauvagc, II 63; orthotype A. iiutertrei Sauvagc (fossil). A syno- nym of IscHVDODUs Egcrt. 973 STEINDACHNER (1867). I'eber cinige neue uitd sellene MeeresAsche aus China. Sitzb. Akad. VViss. VVicn, LV. Fkanz Steinoachndi. 348 THE GENERA OF FISHES, PART III Paramonacanthus Steindachner, LV, 591 ; orthotype Monacanthus kneri Steind. Taeniolabrus Steindachner, LV, 713 ; orthotype T. filamentosus Steind. A syno- nym of Trichonotus. 974. STEINDACHNER (1867). Uebcr einise Fische aus dem Fitsroy-Flusse. bei Rockhampton in Ost-Australien. Sitzb. Akad. Wiss. Wien, LV. Franz Steindachner. Lepidoblennius Steindachner, LV, 11; orthotype L. haplodactylus Steind. Neosilurus Steindachner, LV, 14 ; orthotype N. hyrtli Steind. 975. STEINDACHNER (1867). Ichthyologische Noiizcn: Ueber eine neue Cattnng tind Art der Griippe, Trypauclienina. Sitzb. Akad. Wiss. Wien, LV, 1867. Franz Steindachner. Ctenotrypauchen, Steindachner, LV, 530; orthotype C. chinensis Steind. A syno- nym of Trypauchenichthys Blkr. 1868 975. BLEEKER (1868). Troiseme notice sur la faune ichthyologiqtte de I'ile d'Obi. Versl. Akad. Amsterdam (2), II, 1868, 275. Pieter Bleeker. Valenciennea Bleeker, 288; haplotype Eleotris hasselti Blkr. (Eleotris strigata Cuv. & Val. named in a later paper.) This is the earlier and therefore the proper form of this name, later written Valenciennesia). 977. BLEEKER (1868). Cinquicme notice sur le faune ichthyologique de Solor. Versl. Akad. Amsterdam, II. Valenciennesia Bleeker, 275 ; orthotype Eleotris strigata Cuv. & Val. Earlier written Valenciennea by Bleeker. (See No. 1115, p. 371.) 978. BLEEKER (18680. Notice sur la faune ichthyologique de I'ile de IVaigiou. Versl. Akad. Amsterdam, II. Pieter Bleeker. Tetragonoptrus (Klein) Bleeker, 300; orthotype (after Klein) Ch^todon capis- tratus L. a syonym of Ch^todon. 979. BLEEKER (1868). Description de trois especes inedites de Chroniidoides de Madagascar. Vensl. Akad. Amsterdam (2), II, 1868, 307-314. Pieter Bleeker. Paratilapia Bleeker, 308; orthotype P. polleni Blkr. Paretroplus Bleeker, 313; orthotype P. damii Blkr. 980. BLEEKER (1868). Description de trois especes inedites des poissons des ties d'Ainboine et de Waigiou. Versl. Akad Amsterdam, II. Pieter Bleeker. Heteroconger Bleeker, II, 332; orthotype H. polyzona Blkr., 400. 981. ,BURMEISTER (1868). Petromyzon macrostomus, description de una nueva especie de pes. Analcs Miis. Pub. Buenos Ayrcs, I. Hermann Carl Conrad Burmeister (1807-1892). Exomegas Burmeister, I, 36; orthotype Petromyzon macrostomus Burmeister. CAPELLo, 1868 349 982. CAPELLO (1868). Descriptao dc dos pcixes novos provenienth dot marts de Portugal, etc. Journ. Sci. Math., etc., Lisboa. • Felix de Brito Capello. Pseudotriakis Capello, 316; orthotype P. mickodon Capello. Also written Pseudo- TRIACIS. 983. CAPELLO (1868). Dcscripfao dc dos pcixes novos provenientes dos mares Lias of Lyme Regis. Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc, XXIV. Felix de Brito Capello. Osteorachis Egcrton, XXIV, 500; orthotype O. macrocephalus Egert. (fossil). Isocolum Egcrton, XXIV, 501; orthotype I. cranulatum Egert. (fossil). A syno- nym of OSTEORACIIIIS. Eulepidotus Egerton, XXIV, 505; orthotype Dapedius fimbriatus Ag. (fossil). L'nncccssarily "withdrawn" by Egerton and replaced by Heterolepidotus, 1872, on account of the name "Eulepidot^" applied to typical species of Lepidotes by Sauvage, 1867. 984. DAY (1868). On Some Xew Fishes from Madras. Proc. Zool. Soc. London. Francis Day. Priacanthichthys Day, 193; orthotype P. maderaspatensis Day = Epinephelus LATiFACiATUs T. & S. A synonym of Epinephelus. 984A. GEINITZ (1868). Die fossilen Fisclischuppen aus der Planerkalke in Sirchlen. Jahrcsbcr. Ges. N'atur.- u. Heilkunde Dresden. Hans Bruno Geinitz. (Reviewed by T. D. A. Cockcrcll, American Naturalist, January, 1917.) In addition to his own generic names, Geinitz quotes from Dr. Steinla's unpublished Kalatog, in lit. the definitions, a number of generic names proposed for scales of Cretaceous fishes. For most of these no type is assigned, and most of them appear from Geinitz' account to fall into the rank of synonyms. Perigrammatolepis (Steinla) Geinitz, 39; orthotype Salmo lewesiensis Mantell. "Es ist dies normale Form fiir Osmeroides lewesiensis, welche den .'Vb- bildungen bei Agassiz am nachstcn entspricht." From this I infer that lewesiensis should be considered as type, but Geinitz seems to place Peri- grammatolepis in the synonymy of his Cyclolepis (= Aulolepis). Credemnolepis (Steinla) Geinitz, 39; orthotype not stated; name only. Apparently dciined on page 48 as Codonolepis. Said to be a synonym of Cyclolepis Geinitz (Aulolepis). Kymatolepis (Steinla) Geinitz, 39; orthotype named K. ceinitzi by Cockerell (1919). Cyclolepis (K-init;:, 39; orthotype C. agassizi Geinitz (fossil). (Scales, like those nf Salmo.) Aspidolepis Geinitz, 40; orthotype A. steinlai Geinitz (fossil). (Scales, similar to those of Poronotus.) Dypterolepis (Steinla) Geinitz. 40; orthotype not named. Said to contain part of the species of Leptolepis Ag. Apparently a synonym of IIolcolepis. Kymatopetalolepis (Steinla) Geinitz, 40; orthotype not named. Apparently Salmo i.ruFsiENsis Mantell. If so, a synonym of IIolcolepis. Micropetalolepis (Steinla) Geinitz. 40; orthotype not named. .Apparently founded on a scale of Salmo lewesiensis Mantell. If so, a synonym of IIolcolepis. Leptogrammatolepis (Steinla) Geinitz. 40; orthotype not named. Apparently a scale of Salmo lewesiensis. If so, a synonym of Holcolepis. 350 THE GENERA OF FISHES, PART III I ??^'^-"*~"' ■ ■ Petalolepis (Steinla) Geinitz, 42; orthotype Osmeroides divaricatus Gei>nitz. Apparently a synonym of Holcolepis. Mixogcammatolepis (Steinla) Geinitz. 43; orthotype a Cretaceous scale of Clado- CYCLUS STREHLENSis Geinitz (Beryx ornatus Geinitz), regarded as a syno- nym of Cladocyclus. But this must be an error, as the South American genus Cladocyclus is quite distinct from these forms found in the British Chalk. Heliolepis (Steinla) Geinitz, 43 ; orthotype Cretaceous scale of "Cladocyclus." Oolepis (Steinla) Geinitz 43; orthotype a Cretaceous scale of "Cladocyclus." Coinolepis (Steinla) Geinitz, 43; orthotype a Cretaceous scale of "Cladocyclus." Polypterclepis (Steinla) Geinitz, 43; orthotype a Cretaceous scale of "Clado- cyclus." Ptycholepis (Steinla) Geinitz, 43; orthotype a Cretaceous scale of "Cladocyclus." Pterogrammatolepis (Steinla) Geinitz. 43; orthotype a Cretaceous scale of "Clado- cyclus." Agrammatolepis (Steinla) Geinitz, 43; orthotype a Cretaceous scale (misspelled Acrammatolepis). .'\pparently a synonym of Hemicyclus Geinitz. Crommiolepis (Steinla) Geinitz, 43; orthotype Cretaceous scales referred to Clado- cyclus STREHLENSIS Geinitz. "Eine Anzahl kleiner Schuppen von denen ein Theil jedenfalls an Cl. strehlensis gehort. On the rest of these scales Geinitz founds his new genus Hemicyclus. The type of Cladocyclus (C. gardneri Ag.) is a South American Osteoglossid, and none of these fishes of the German Chalk seems related to it. Hemicyclus Geinitz, 44; orthotype Cladocyclus strehlensis Geinitz, in part (fossil scales). Prionolepis (Steinla) Geinitz, 45; orthotype Zeus lewesiensis Mantell = Bery.x ornatus Ag. Cretaceous scales. .Apparently a synonym of Hoplopteryx Ag. Goniolepis (Steinla) Geinitz, 45; orthotype Cretaceous scales. (Hoplopteryx?) Hemigonolepis (Steinla) Geinitz, 45; orthotype Cretaceous scales. (Hoplop- TERV.X ?) Hemicyclolepis (Steinla) Geinitz, 45; orthotype Cretaceous scales. (Hoplop- teryx ?) Lophoprionolepis (Steinla) Geinitz. 47; orthotype A.mia lewesiensis Mantell = Macropoma mantelli Ag., orthotype Cretaceous scales. A synonym of Macropoma Ag. Acrogratnmatolepis Geinitz. 47; orthotype A. steinlai Geinitz (fossil). Hemilampronites Geinitz, 48; orthotype H. steinlai Geinitz (fossil). (Scales, similar to those of Hyporhamphus.) The following additional names for Cretaceous scales are also quoted, but I have at present no further data for them : Psygmatolepis (Steinla) Geinitz, 40; orthotype Cretaceous scales. Misspelled on plate. Leptogrammatolepis (Steinla) Geinitz, 40; orthotype Cretaceous scales. Microgrammatolepis (Steinla) Geinitz. 40; orthotype Cretaceous scales. Codonolepis (Steinla), 48; orthotype not named. Spelled Credemnolepis on page 40. A synonym of Cyclolepis 985. GONTHER (1868). Catalogue of the ftslies in the British Museum. VII. Albert Gunther. GUNTHER. 1868 351 Osteochilus Giinther, VII, 40; logotype Rohita melanopleura Blkr. Barynotus Gunthcr, VII, 61; logotype B. lagensis Gthr. Gymnocypris Gunthcr. VII, 169; orthotype G. dobula Gthr. Megarasbora Gunthcr, VII, 198; orthotype Cyprinus elanca Ham. Aphyocypris Giinther, VII, 201; orthotype A. chinensis Gthr. Xenocypris Gunthcr, VII, 205; orthotype X. argentea Gthr. Mystacoleucus Giinther. VII. 206; orthotype Systomus padancensis Blkr. Pteropsarion Gunthcr. VII. 284; orthotype Barilius bakeri Day. Opsaridium (Peters) Gunthcr, VII, 286; orthotype O. zambezense Peters (MS.). A synonym of Barilius Ham. Bola Gunthcr, 293; tautotype Cyprinus sola Ham. = Bola goha Gthr. Name preoccupied hy Bola Ham.; replaced by Raiamas Jordan. 1919, "R.vjah mas" is the angler's name for the type-spccics in India. Schacra Gunthcr. VII. 294; orthotype Cyprinus shacra Ham. Same as Shacra Blkr. Squaliobarbus Gunthcr. VII, 297; orthotype Leuciscus curriculus Rich. Ochetobius Gunther, VII, 297; orthotype Opsarius elongatus Kner. Eustira Gunthcr, VII, 331; orthotype E. ceylonensis Gthr. Securicula Gunther, VI, 332; logotype Cyprinus gora Ham. A synonym of S.VLMOSTOMA Sw. Cachius Gunther. VII. 338; orthotype Cyprinus cachius Ham. .\ synonym of Chfxa Hanr. as restricted by Blcekcr. 1863. Oreonectes Gunther, VII, 369; orthotype O. platycephalus Gthr. Cetengraulis (junthcr. VII. 3H3: I(.)KOtype E.ngraulis eoentulus Cuv. Pterengraulis Gunther. VII. 384; orthotype Clupea atherinoides L. Heterothrissa Gunther, VII, 385; orthotype Engraulis breviceps Cantor, Lycengraulis Gunther, VII, 385; logotype Engraulis grossidens Cuv. Lycothrissa Gunthcr. VII, 385; orthotype Engraulis crocooilus Blkr. Telara Gunthcr. VII. 385; tautotype Clupea telara Ham. .\ synonym of Seti- PINNA Sw. Pellonula Gunthcr, VII. 452; orthotype P. vorax Gthr. Chirocentrodon Gunthcr, VII, 463; orthotype C. t.t.niatus Gthr. Xenomystus Giinther, VII, 481; orthotype Notopterus nicri Gthr. Graodus Gunthcr, VII, 485; orthotype G. nigrotaeniatus Gthr. .-X synonym of .•\LnuRN0Ps Grd. (the teeth lost). 986 GONTHER (1868). Refort on it Collection of Fishes Made at St. Helena hy J. C. Mclliss, Esq. Proc. Zool. Soc. London. .•\LBERT GtJNTHER. Holanthias Gunther. 226; Anthias fronticinctus Gthr. 987 Gt'NTHER (1868). Descriflinns of Fresh-ivalcr Fishes from Surinam and Brazil. Proc. Zool. Soc. London. .Albert Gunther. Hypoptopoma Giinther, 234; orthotype H. thoracatum (Jthr. Aphyocharax Gunther, 245; orthotype A. pusillus Gthr. 988. GUNTHER (1868). .Iddilinns to the Ichthynlogical Fauna of Zamibar .Ann Mag. Nat. Hisi .■\lbert Gunth™. Tholichthys Gunthcr I. 457; orthotype T osseus Gthr Larva of Cil^.todon 352 THE GENERA OF FISHES, PART III 989. GUICHENOT (1868). Index generum et specierum anthiadidorum, etc. Ann. Soc. Maine-et-Loire. Alphonse Guichenot. Paranthias Guichenot, X, 87; orthotype Serranus creolus Guv. & Val. = S. FURciFER Cuv. & Val. Replaces Brachyrhinus Gill. 990. HANCOCK & ATTHEY (1868). Notes on the Remains of Some Reptiles and Fishes from the Shales of the Northumberland Coal-Aelds. Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Northumberland. Albany Hancock (1806-1873) ; T. Atthey. Acanthodopsis Hancock & Atthey, I, 364 ; orthotype A. wardi Hancock & Atthey (fossil). 991. KNER (1868). Ueber einige Fische aus dcm Museum . . . Godeffroy in Hamburg. Sitzb. Akad. Wiss. Wien. Rudolph Kner. Anomalops Kner, LVIH, 26; orthotype A. cr.«ffei Kner. Sparopsis Kner, LVIII, 27 ; orthotype S. latifrcns Kner. A synonym of Aprion Cuv. Micropus Kner, 23; orthotype Micropteryx polycentrus Kner. Name four times preoccupied ; replaced by Orqueta Jordan. Bunocottus Kner, LVIII, 28; orthotype B. apus Kner. Orthostomus Kner, LVIII, 29; orthotype O. amdlyopini'b Kner. Opisthocentrus Kner, 49 ; orthotype O. quinquemaculatus Kner = Ophidium OCELLATUM TilcS. Urocentrus Kner, LVIII, 51 ; ortliotype U. pictus Kner. A synonym of Pholis Scopoli. 992. KNER (1868). Ueber Conchipoma gadiforme . . . aus dcm Rothliegcndcm (der Untcrn Dyas) von Lebach bci Saarbriicken in Rhcinpreussen. Sitzb. Akad. Wiss. Wien. Rudolph Kner. Conchopoma Kner, LVII, 279; orthotype C. gadiforme Kner (fossil). 993. LEIDY (1868). Remarks on Conosaurus of Gihbes. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. Joseph Leidy. Conosaurops Leidy, 202; orthotype Conosaurus bowmani Gibbes (fossil). Sub- stitute for Conosaurus Gibbes ; regarded as preoccupied by Coniosaurus, a reptile. Diplotomodon Leidy, 202; orthotype Tomodon horrificus Leidy. A substitute for ToMODON Leidy, preoccupied. 993A. VON DER MARCK (1868). (Holcolepis.) Palaeontographica. W. VON DER MaRCK. Holcolepis von der Marck, 278; orthotype Rhabdolepis cretaceus von der Marck. Name a substitute for Rhabdolepis Marck, 1863, preoccupied. 994 MARTENS (1868). Ueber einige ostasiatischc Siisswasserlhiere. Arch. Nat. XXIV. Eduard von Martens. Octonema Martens, about 60; orthotype Homaloptera rotundicauda Martens. Name preoccupied, replaced by Lefua Hcrzcnstein. 995. PETERS (1868). Naturwissenschaftliche Reise nach Mossambique. Zoologie. Wilhelm Peters. PETERS, 1868 353 Nothobranchius Peters, 60; orthotype Cyprinodon orthonotus Peters. Belonichthys Peters, 108; orthotype B. zambezensis Peters. 996. PETERS (1868). Ueber cine ni-uc Galliiiii; dcr Flcderthiere (Peronymus) und ueber neue Cattungcn und Arlen dcr Fische. Mon. Akad. Wiss. Berlin. WiLiiELM Peters. Lycocyprinus Peters, 145; orthotype Piecilia sexfasciata Peters = Haplochilus INFRAFASCIATUS Gthr. 997. PETERS (1868). Ueber die von Herrn Dr. F. Jagor in dcm oslindischen gesammcltcn Fiscke. Mon. Akad. Wiss. Berlin. VViLiiELM Peters. Enchelyurus Peters, 268; orthotype E. flavipes Peters. 998. PETERS (1868). Ueber eine von dent Baron Carl von dcr Deckcn enldcckte ncuc Gallungen von lyelsen . . . aus Ostafrica. Mon. .^kad. Wiss. Berlin. WiLHELM Peters. Chiloglanis Peters, 599; orthotype C. deckeni Peters. 999. POEY (1868). Synopsis piscium cubcnsiiim, etc. In Rcpertorio Fisico- Natural de la Isia dc Cuba, II. Felipe Poev y Aloy. Promicrops Poey. 287; orthotype Serranus cuaza Poey. Gramma Poey, 296; orthotype G. loreto Poey. Not Gram.mia Ranil)cau, 1866, a genus of Lcpidoptera. Tropidinius (Gill) Poey, 296; orthotype Mesoprion armllo Poey = Apsilus iie.statl's Guich. Brachygenys (Scudder) Poey, 310; orthotype H.EMin.0N T/ENIatum Poey. 1000. sen lODTE (1868). Om sliltings udvikling hos flynderfiskcnc. .Vat. Tid., V. Joroen Matthias Christian SrHiooiE (1815-1884), Bascanius Schiodtc, V, 269; orthotype B. t.«difer Schiadtc. A larval flounder, probably young of Platophrys or Svmphi;rl's; name preoccupied a.? Bas- CANION. 1869. 1001 BLEEKER (1869). Description dc deux cspfccs incdites d'Allicus. de Madagascar, Vcrsl. Akad. Amsterdam. PlETER RlEEKFJI. Alticus (Commcrson) Blccker, 234; orthotype A. saltatorius Commerson. Same as RupiscARTES Sw.. and of earlier date if Commcrson's non-binomial names arc accepted. 1002 FiLEEKER (1869), Neuviime notice sur la faune ichthyologique du Japan. Vcrsl, Akad. Amsterdam (2), III, 1869. Z37-259, PlETER RlEEKER, Pseudopriacanthus Blccker. 241 ; orthotype Priacanthus. niphonius Cuv. & Val. Sarcochcilichthys lilcckcr, 252; orthotype LEfciscfs variecatus T. & S. 1003 BOCOURT (1869). Descriptions de quelques reptiles el poissons nouveaui apparlenant neri Mason (fossil). A synonym of Pachvrhizodus. 1012 OWEN' (1869). S'otes on Tu'o Ichlhyodorulites Hitherto Undescribed. Richard Owen. Lepracanthus Owen, VI, 481 ; orthotype L. colei (Egert.) Owen (fossil). 1013. STEINDACHN'ER (1869). Ichlhyologische .Wotisen. VIII. Sitzb. Akad. Wiss. Wien, LX. Franz Steindachner. Hsmulopsis Steindachner, 60; logotype H.kmulon corvin^cforme Steind. A syno- nym of Brachydeuterus Gill. 1014. STEINDACHNER (1869). Ichthyologische Kotizcn. IX. Ueber eine neue Gattung und Art der Cyfrinoidcn de China. Sitzb. Akad. Wiss. Wicn, LX. Franz Steindachner. Abramocephalus Steindachner, LX, 302; orthotype .\. microlepis Steind. .A syno- nym of Hypophthalmichthy.s Blkr. 1870 1015. BLEEKER (1870). Atlas dcs hides Orientates Sedertandaises . . . VII. Pleuronectes, etc. PlETER RlEEKER. Rhinoplagusia Blcckcr. 27; orthotype Placlsia japdnica T. & S. Replaces Usinosita Jordan & Snyder. 1901 1016. RLEEKER (1870). Mededeeling omtreni eenige nieuwr vischsoorten van China. Versl. .Akad. Amsterdam (2). IV. 1870, 251-253. Pieter Blef.kks. Acanthorhodeus Hlcckcr, IV, 253; orthotype .\. mackoitervs Blkr. Pseudobrama Blcekcr. IV, 253; logotype P. dabryi Blkr. Saurogobio Blcckcr, IV, 253; orthotype S. di'merili Blkr. Rhinogobio Blcckcr, IV, 253; orthotype R. TYrus Blkr. Luciobrama Blcckcr. IV, 253; orthotype L. tvpus Blkr. Leptobotia Bleckcr, IV. 256; orthotype L. ei-oncata Blkr. 1017. COPE (1870). Partial Synopsis of the Fresh-tvater Fishes of Sorth Carolina. Proc. .Vmcr. Philos. Soc. 1870, XI. 448-495. Edward Drinker Cope. Hypohomus Cope. XI. 449; orthotype H. aitrantiacus Cope. 356 THE GENERA OF FISHES, PART HI Labidesthes Cope, XI, 4S5 ; orthotype Chirostoma sicculum Cope. Hemitremia Cope, XI, 462 ; orthotype H. vittata Cope, later called Leuciscus FLAMMEUS Jordan, the name vittatus being preoccupied in Leuciscus, to which genus the species was referred. Placopharynx Cope, XI, 467 ; orthotype P. carinatus Cope. 1018. COPE (1870). Observations on the Fishes of the Tertiary Shales of Green River, Wyoming Territory. Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc, XI. Edward Drinker Cope. Asineops Cope, XI, 381; orthotype A. squamifrons Cope (fossil). Erismatopterus Cope, XI, 427; orthotype E. rickseckeri Cope (fossil). 1019. COPE (1870). Contribution to the Ichthyology of the Maraiion. Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. 1870, 559-701. Edward Drinker Cope. Stethaprion Cope, 562; orthotype S. erythrops Cope. Plethodectes Cope, 563 ; orthotype P. erythrurus Cope. A synonym of Chalceus Cuv. Holotaxis Cope, 563 ; logotype H. melanostomus Cope. Odontostilbe Cope, 566; orthotype O. fugitiva Cope. 1020. COPE (1870). On the Fishes of a Fresh-imter Tertiary Lake in Idaho, Discovered by Capt. Clarence King. Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. XT. Edward Drinker Cope. Lithichthys Cope, XI, 316; orthotype L. pusillus Cope (fossil). Diastichus Cope, XI, 539; orthotype D. macrodon Cope (fossil). Oligobelus Cope, XI, 541; orthotype O. arciferus Cope (fossil). Said to be near Semotilus Raf. Anchybopsis Cope, XI, 543; orthotype A. latus Cope (fossil). Referred later to synonymy of "Leucos Heckel" (Siphateles, Cope). Rhabdofario Cope, XI, 546; orthotype R. lacustris Cope (fossil). A very large trout from the ancient Lake Idaho. 1021. COPE (1870). Second Addition to the History of the Fishes of the Cretaceous of the United Slates. Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc, XI, 240-244. Edward Drinker Cope. Sphagepoea Cope, XI, 241; orthotype S. aciculata Cope (fossil). An ally of Kdaphodcn Leidy. Pneumatosteus Cope, XI. 242; orthotype P. nahunticus Cope (fossil). An ally of Lepisosteus Lac. Crommyodus Cope. XI, 243; orthotype Phacodus irregularis Cope (fossil). A substitute for Phacodus Cope, preoccupied. 1022. COPE (1870). On the Saurodontidcc. Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc, 1871. XI, 529-538. Edward Drinker Cope. Ichthyodectes Cope, 536; orthotype I. ctenodon Cope (fossil). 1023. DAY (1870). On the Fishes of the Andaman Islands. Proc. Zool. Soc. London. Francis Day. Jerdonia Day, 700; orthotype Platacanthus maculatus Day. uuMERiL, 1870 357 1024. DUMERIL (1870). Histoire gfnirale des poissons. Vol. II. AucusTE Dum£ril. Parapegasus (Blocker) Diiincril. 493; orthotypc Pegasus natans L. Typhlus (Bibron MS.) Dumeril, 540; logotype Ichthyocampus pondicerianus Kaup (in synonymy). A synonym of Iciithvocampus Kaup. Atelurus Dumeril, 584; orthotypc A. cermani Dum. Entelurus Dumeril, 605; orthotypc Syng.n'athus iEQUOREUS L. A synonym of XfRorms Raf. Hymenolomus Dumeril, 607; orthotypc Syncnatiius hymenolomus Rich, = H. KicHARDSONi Dum, A synonym of Protocampus Gthr., 1870. 1025. GASCO (1870). Intorno ad un nuo%.'o gencrc di fesci, etc. Bull. Assoc. Nat. e Med. Napol., April. 1870, 59-61. Francesco Gasco. Vejcillifer Gasco. 59; orthotypc V. dephilippii Gasco. An immature and very singular form of some fish, perhaps of Carapus acus. 1026. GIEBEL (1870). Trachypoma marnioratum, ein neuer IVels aus dem Amaconcnslrome. Zcitschr. Ges. Naturw., XXXVII. Christoph Gottfried .'\ndreas Giebel. Trach3rpoma Gicbcl, 97; orthotypc Trachypoma marmoratum Gicbol = Eremo- piiiLUS MiTisi A synonym of Eremophilus Humboldt, the name pre- occupied. 1027. GONTHER (1870). Catalogue of the Fishes in Ihe British Museum. VIII. .Albert GOnther. Rhamphostemarchus Giinthcr, VIII, 4; logotype Sternarchus oxyrhynchus M. & T A synonym of Ster.varciiorhynchvs Castelnau. Brachyrhamphichthys Giinthcr, VIII, 6; logotype Rhampiiichthys artedii Kaup. A synonym of Hypopomus Gill. Paramyrus Gimthcr, VIII, 51; logotype Echelus microchir Blkr. Myroconger Giinthcr, VIII, 93; orthotypc M. compressus Gthr. Helminthostoma (Cocco) Giinthcr, VIII, 145; orthotypc Helminthostoma della- CHiAjE Cocco. Larva of Carapus (Fierasfer) ; passing reference to an unpublished name. Nannocampus Giinthcr, VIII, 178; orthotypc N. subosseus Gthr. Urocampus Giinthcr, VIII, 179; orthotypc I', nanus Gthr. Protocampus Giinthcr, VIII, 193; orthotypc Syngnathus iiymenoi.omus Rich. Same as Hymenolomus Dum. of the same ye.ir. Giinther's work is dated "May 20, 1870," Dumcrii's merely "1870". Neither writer quotes the other; the name of Giinthcr has probably precedence. Hemiconiatus Giinthcr, VIII, 272; orthotypc Tetraoikin guttifer Bennett. Same as KriiippioN Ribron, 1855, wliicli it replaces if the latter is regarded as pre- occupied by F.PiiippiUM. Liosaccus Gunthcr, VIII, 287; logotype T. cutaneus Gthr, Trichocyclus Giinthcr, VIII, 316; orthotypc T. erinaceus Gthr. Probably a larval DinnoN ; equivalent to TRiCHODionoN Rlkr. Leptocarcharias (Smith MS.) Giinthcr, VIII, 384; orthotypc Tb].«nodon smithi M. X- H. A variant of Leptocarias Smith. Psammobalis Giinthcr, VIII, 470; orthotypc -P. rudis Gthr. 358 THE GENERA OF FISHES, PART HI 1028. HANCOCK & ATTHEY (1870). ^'otes on an Undescribed Fossil from the Newsham Coalfields near Nezveastlc-iipon-Tync. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., V. Albany Hancock; T. .-Vtthey. Archichthys Hancock & Atthey. V, 268 ; orthotype A. sulcidens Hancock & Atthey. Apparently a synonym of Strepsodus. 1029. KLUNZINGER (1870). Synolysis der Fische des Rothen Meeres. I. Percoiden-MugiloidcH. Verh. K.-K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien, 1870. Carl Benjamin Klunzincer (1834- ). Dirrhizodon Klunzinger, XX, 654 (Nov. 2); orthotype D. elongatus Klunzinger. A living liomologue of Hemipristis Ag. Pseudoserranus Klunzinger, XX, 687; logotype Perca louti Forskal, as restricted by Bleeker (based on Perca louti, cabrilla, and scriba). Regarded by me, following Bleeker, as a synonym of Variola Sw. Klunzinger protests against this arrangement in a later paper, Pseudoserranus (type cabrilla) being intended as a substitute for Serranus, which name of Cuvier he uses for Epinephelus. Paracentropristes Klunzinger, XX, 687 ; orthotype Labrus hepatus L. Pristiapogon Klunzinger, XX, 715; orthotype P. frenatus Klunzinger. A syno- nym of Apogon Lac. Polysteganus Klunzinger, 762; orthotype P. c.«ruleopunctatus Klunzinger. Gymnocranius Klunzinger, XX, 764; orthotype Dentex rivulatus Riippell. Re- places Paradentex Blkr. 1030. DE KONINCK (1870). Notice sur un nouveau genre de poisson fossile de la craie supericure. Bull. Acad. Soc. Roy. Bruxelles, XXIX. Laurent Guillaume de Koninck (1809-1887). Ankistrodus De Koninck, XXIX, 77; orthotype A. splendens De Koninck. A sub- stitute for Ancistrodon Rcemer, regarded as preoccupied. Both these names, being regarded as preoccupied by Agkistrodon or Ancistrodon Beauvais, a genus of snakes, are replaced by Grypodon Hay, 1899. 1031. LANKESTER (1870). Fishes of the Old Red Sandstone. Paleont. Soc, I. Edwin Ray Lankester. Eucephalaspis Lankester, I, 43; orthotype Cephalaspis lyelli Ag. (fossil). A synonym of Cephalaspis. Hemicyclaspis, Lankester, I, 43; orthotype Cephalaspis murchisoni Egert. (fossil). Eukeraspis Lankester, I, 56; orthotype Sclerodus pustuliferus Ag. (fossil). A synonym of Sclerodus, that name and also Plectrodus being rejected for the inadequate reason that the structures which gave the name were wrongly supposed to be teeth. Kallostrakon Lankester, 1, 61; orthotype K. podura Lank, (fossil). Fragments of a Pteraspid. 1032, LEIDY (1870). Remarks on Ichthyodorulites and on Certain Fossil Mnm malia. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., X, 12-13. Joseph Leidy. Xiphactinus Leidy, 12 ; orthotype X. audax Leidy. Perhaps the same as Portheus Cope. 1033. LEIDY (1870). Remarks on Fossil Vertebrates. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. Joseph Leidy. MARSH, 1870 359 Mylocyprinus Lcidy, 70; orthotype M. robustus Leidy. 1034. MARSH (1870). Solicc of Some New Tertiary and Cretaceous Fishes. Amcr. Assoc. Adv. Sci. for 1869 (1870). Othniel Charles Marsh (1831-1899). Embalorhynchus .Marsh. 228: ortliotypc E. kin.neyi Marsh (fossil). A fossil aiUllogUC of ISTIOPHORUS. Dipristis Marsh, 2J0: orthotype L). miersi Marsh (fossil). Apparently a synonym of EIdaphodon. 1035. .NEWBERRY (1870). Fossil Fishes from the Dei'onian Rocks of Ohio. Proc. \. Y. Lye. Xat. Hist., I, 152-153. JoH.v Strong Xewberry. Aspidophorus .Vcwbcrry, I, 153; orthotype .^. ci.avatus Newberry (fossil). Name preoccupied, replaced by .Aspidichthys Newberry, 1873. 1036. NEWBERRY & W'ORTHEN (1870). Descriptions of Fossil Vertebrates. Geol. Surv. Ills.. IV. John Strong Newberry; .\. 11. Worthen. Cymatodus Newberry & Worthen, IV. 108; orthotype C. oblongus Newberry & Worthen (fossil). Probably a synonym of Janassa. Lophodus Newberry & Worthen. IV, 3(30; orthotype L. variabilis Newberry & \Sorlhcn (fossil). Name preoccupied, replaced by .\gassizodus St. John & Worthen, 1875. \ synonym of Campodus Koninck. Peltodus .Newberry & Worthen, IV, 362; orthotype P. uncuiformis Newberry & Worthen (fossil). A synonym of Janassa. Listracanthus .Newberry & Worthen. IV, 371; orthotype L. hystrix Newberry & Worthen (fossil). 1037. POWRIE (1870). On the Earliest Known VestiRcs of Vertebrate Life. . . . Fish Remains from the Old Red Sandstone of Forfarshire. Trans, Geol. Soc. Edinburgh, 1. James Powrie. Cephalopterus Powrie, I, 298; orthotype C. pagei Powrie (fossil). Name pre- occupied; a fragment of a supposed Cephalaspid. 1038. ST. JOHN (1870). Descriftions of Fossil Fishes from the Upper Coal Steasures of Nebraska. Proc. .Amcr. Philos. Soc. XI. Orestes H. St. John. Peripristis St. John, XI, 434; orthotype Ctenoptychius semicircularis Newberry & Worthen (fossil). A synonym of Ctenoptychius. 1039. S.MJV.\GE (1870). Synopsis des pois.u>ns tertiaires dc Licala (Sicilia). Ann. Sci. Nat. XIV. Henri 6m ilk Sauvage. Pseudovomer Sauvage, XIV. 10; orthotype P. minutus Sauvage (fossil). Acanthonotos Sauvage, XIV, 10; logotype A. armatiis Sauvage (fossil). Name preoccupied by Acanthdnotits Bloch ; replaced by Hemithyrsites Sauvage, 1873. Tydeus Sauvage, XIV, 23; orthotype T. mecistosoma Sauvage (fossil). (Name preoccupied; replaced by Anaptfjius Sauvage, 1873.) 360 THE GENERA OK FISHES, PART III 1040. STEINDACHNER & KNER (1870). Ueber einige Pleuronectiden, . . . von Decastris Bay und von Viti-Lcvu. Sitzb. Akad. Wiss. Wien, LXI, 421-446. Franz Steindachner; Rudolph Kner. Stichaeopsis Steindachner & Kner, LXI, 441 ; orthotype S. nana Steindachner & Kner. 1041. STEINDACHNER (1870). Ichthyologische Notisen. X. Sitzb. Akad. Wiss. Wien, LXI. Franz Steindachner. Parapriacanthus Steindachner, LXI, 623 ; orthotype P. ransonneti Steind. ; replaces Pempherichthys Klunzinger. 1871 1042. VAN BENEDEN (1871). Recherches sur quelques poissons fossiles de la Belgique. (Later included in Bull. Acad. Roy. Betg., XXXI.) Pierre J. V.\n Beneden. Brachyrhynchus Van Beneden, XXXl' 495 ; orthotype Encheiziphius teretirostris Riitimeyer (fossil). Name twice preoccupied; same as Encheiziphius. Xiphiorhynchus Van Beneden, XXXI, 499; orthotype X. elegans Van Beneden (fossil). Trigloides Van Beneden, XXXI, 501; orthotype T. dejardini Van Beneden (fossil). Hannovera Van Beneden, XXXI, 504; orthotype H. aurata Beneden (fossil). An extinct ally of Cetorhinus Blainv. Scomberodon Van Beneden, XXXI, 504; orthotype S. dumonti Van Beneden (fossil). A synonym or extinct analogue of Scomberomorus Lac. 1043. COPE (1871). On Tzvo Extinct Forms of Physostomi of the Neotropical Region. Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc, XII. Edward Drinker Cope. Prymnetes Cope, XII, 52; orthotype P. lonciventer Cope (fossil). Anaedopogon Cope, XII, 53; orthotype A. tenuidens Cope (fossil). An Elopid fish not identical with Cladocyclus Ag., which seems to belong to the Osteoglossid.e. 1044. COPE (1871). Note on Some Cretaceous Vertebrates in the State Argicul- tural College of Kansas, etc. Proc. .Amer. Philos. Soc, XII. Edward Drinker Cope. Anogmius Cope, XII, 170-354; orthotype A. contractus Cope (fossil) ; not Anog- Mius Cope, 1873 (A. aratus Cope, 1873). Regarded by Woodward as prob- ably a synonym of Pachyrhizodus. 1045. COPE (1871). Report on Recent Reptiles and Fishes . . . llaydcn Expedi- tion . . . Wyoming, etc. Ann. Rept. U. S. Gcol. Surv. for 1870 (1871). Edward Drinker Cope. Apsopelix Cope, 424; orthotype A. sauriformis Cope (fossil). 1046. COPE (1871).. Contribution to the Ichthyology of the Lesser Antilles. Trans. Amor. Philos. Soc, 1871, XIV, 445-483. Edw.'vrd Drinker Cope. CUNNINGHAM, 1871 361 Cryptotomus Cope, XIV, 462; onhotype C. rosel's Cope. Description of a valid genus from an injured specimen. Eleutheractis Cope, XIV, 467; orthotype E. coriaceus Cope. A synonym of RvpTicus Cuv. Holopterura Cope, XIV, 482; orthotype 11. plumbea Cope. 1047. CUN.\'1N'GH.-\M (1871). XoU-s on the Reptiles, Amphibia, Fishes, Mollusca. and Crustacea Obtained During the Voyage of H. M. S. Nassau in thct Years 1866-69. Trans. Linn. Soc. London (Zool.), 1871, XXVIl. 465-502. Robert Oliver Cunningham. Maynea Cunningham, XXVII, 471 ; orthotype M. pataconica Cunningham. 1048. DAY (1871). On the Fresh-water Siluroid Fishes of India and Burmah. Proc. Zool. Soc. London. 1871. 703-721. Francis Day. Ailiichthys Day, 712; orthotype A. punctata Day. 1049. DELFORTRIE (1871). Les broyeurs (Ccslracionles) du tertiaire aquitanien. Acad. Soc. Linn. Bordeaux, XXVIII. Eugene Delfortrie. Gymnodus Delfortrie, XXVIII, 232; orthotype G. heterodon Delfortrie (fossil). An extinct analogue of Diodon. 1050. GUNTHER (1871). Description of Xew Percoid Fish from the Macquaric Riter. Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1871, 320. Albert Glnther. Ctenolates Giinther, 320; orthotype Ctenolates macquariensis Gthr. = Datnia AMBIGUA Rich. 1051. GONTHER (1871). Report on Sezeral Collections of Fishes Recently Obtained for the British Museum. Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1871, 652-675. Albert Gunther. Blennodesmus Giinther, 667 ; orthotype B. scapularis Gthr. Halidesmus Gunther, 668; orthotype 11. scapularis Gthr. Nannacthiops Giinther, 669; orthotype N. unit.f.niatus Gthr. Pocciloconger Giinther, 673 ; orthotype P. fasciatus Gthr. 1052. KLUNZINGER (1871). Synopsis der Fi.iche des Rothen Metres. II. Theil. Vcrh. K.-K. Zool.-Bot. Gcs. VVicn, 1871, XXI, 441-668. Carl Benjamin Klunzinger. Pempherichthys Klunzinger, XXI, 470; orthotype P. guntheri Klunzinger. A syni>nym of Parapriacanthus Stcind. Cobiichthys Klunzinger. 479; orthotype G. pftersi Klunzinger. .\ synonym of OXYURICHTHYS Blkr. 1053. LE HON ( 1871 ) . Prfliminaire mf moire des poissons tertiaires de la Belgique. Henri Le Hon (1809-1872). Scaldia Lc Hon, 7; orthotype Sc.m.dia biforis Lc Hon (fossil). A synonym of TiiAfMAS or perhaps of the living genus Squatina. Palanarrhichas Lc Hon, 10; orthotype P. crassus Lc Hon (fossil). Goniobatis Lc Hon, 10; ortliotype G. omaliusi Lc Hon (fossil). Name preoccupied ; a synonym of Aetodatus. 362 THE GENERA OF FISHES, PART III 1054. LEIDY (1871). Report on the Vertebrate Fossils of the Tertiary Formations of the West. Rept. Geol. Surv. Terr, for 1870 (1871). Joseph Leidy. Oncobatis Leidy. 70; orthotype O. pentagonus Leidy (fossil). An ally of Ra;a. 1055. LOTKEN (1871). Oneirodcs eschrichtii Ltk., en ny gronlandsk Ttidsefisk. Overs. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Kjobenhavn, 1871, 56-74. Christian Freoerik Lutken. Oneiroides Lutken, 56; orthotype O. eschrichtii Lutken. 1056. POEY (1871). Genres dc poissons de la fauna de Cuba, appartenant d la famille de Percidce. Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., X. Felipe Poey y Aloy. Menephorus Poey. X, 50; orthotype Serranus dubius Poey. 1872 1057. BARRANDE (1872). Indications sommaires des vestiges de poissons con- nus dans les depots Sihiriens, etc. (Boherae). Joachim Barrande. Gompholepis Barrande, I, 644; orthotype G. panderi Barrande (fossil). 1058. BLEEKER (1872). Atlas ichthyologique, etc. VI. Pleuronectes,CI''pees,ttc. PlETER BlEEKER. Leptogaster Bleeker, 168; orthotype Spratelloides arcyrot.enia Blkr. A synonym of Spratelloides (an error probably overlooked in proof-reading). Paralosa Bleeker, — . This name is quoted from Bleeker, but I fail to find it any- where. Said to be a synonym of Harengula Cuv. & Val. 1059-1060. CASTELNAU (1872). Contributions to the Ichthyology of Australia. Proc. Zool. Acclim. Soc. Victoria, 1872, I. 29-247 * Francis L. Castelnau. Microperca Castelnau, I, 48; orthotype M. yarr^e Castelnau. Name preoccupied by Microperca Putnam, 1863. A synonym of Nannoperca Gthr. Murrayia Castelnau, I, 61 ; orthotype M. guentheri Castelnau. A synonym of Macquaria Cuv. & Val. Riverina Castelnau, I, 64; orthotype R. kluviatilis Castelnau. Probably a synonym of Macquaria Cuv. & Val. Neotephraeops Castelnau, I, 68 ; orthotype Crenidens zebra Rich. Same as GiKKi.i.icHTHYs Klunzinger. Both are synonyms of Melambaphes Gthr. Neoplatycephalus Castelnau, I, 87 ; orthotype N. crandis Castelnau. Neosphyraena Castelnau, I, 96; orthotype N. multiradiata Castelnau = Dinolestes MftLi.ERi Klunzinger. A synonym of Dinolestes Klunzinger. Richardsonia Castelnau I, 112; orthotype R. insignis Castelnau = Histiopterus labiosus Rich. Name preoccupied ; replaced by Paristiopterus Blkr.. 1876, and later by Maccullochia Waite. • Francois Laporte Comtc dc Castelnau, while in South Africa and Australia, wrote his name in English fashion as Francis L. Castelnau. COPE, 1872 363 Atherinosoma Castclnau, I, 136; orthotypc A. vorax Castelnau. Yarra Castclnau, I, 231 ; orthotype Y. sincularis Castelnau. A synonym of Geotria Gray. Neomordacia Castelnau, I, 232; orthotype N. howittii Castelnau. A synonym of Gkwtri.a Gray. Neocarassius Castclnau, 1, 236; orthotype N. vxntricosus Castclnau. Aploactisoma Castelnau. I. 244; orthotype A. schombi;rcki Castelnau. A synonym of .Vplo.xctis T. & S. Vincentia Castclnau, I, 245; logotype V. watekhousei Castclnau. A synonym of .Xpogon Lac. Heteroscarus Castclnau, I, 245; logotype H. filamentosus Castelnau. Ophioclinus Castclnau, I, 246; orthotypc O. antarcticus Castclnau. Heteroclinus Castelnau, I. 247; orthotypc H. adelaio.e Castclnau. 1061. COPE (1872). On Ihc Fishes of the Ambyiacu River. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. for 1871, 250-292 (dated Jan. 16. 1872). Edward Drinker Cope. Laemolyta Cope, 258; logotype Anostomus t.«niata Kncr. Iguanodectes Cope, 260; orthotypc I. tEiNUIs Cope. Triportheus Cope, 263 ; logotype T. albus Cope. Zathorax Cope, 271 ; orthotype Z. monitor Cope. Physopyxis Cope, 273 ; orthotypc P. lvra Cope. Dianema Cope, 276; orthotypc D. loncibakois Cope. Brochis Cope, 277; orthotype B. cbruleus Cope. Otocinclus Cope, 283; orthotype O. vestitus Cope. Pariolius Cope, 289; orthotype P. armillatus Cope. 1062. COPE ( 1872). Refort on the Reptiles and Fishes Obtained by the Naturalists of the Expedition. Haydcn's Geol. Surv. Wyoming, etc. Edward Drinker Cope. Coliscus Cope, 437; orthotypc Coliscus parietalis Cope = young of Pimephales PRoMELAs Raf. A synonym of Pi.mephales Raf. Sarcidium Cope, 440; orthotype S. scopifehum Cope. A synonym of Phenacobius Cope, 1867. 1063. COPE (1872). Report on the Recent Reptiles and Fishes of the Survey, Collected by Campbell CarrinRlon and C. M. Dawes. Haydcn's Rept. Gcol. Surv. Montana, etc., for 1871 (1872). Edward Drinker Cope. Apocope Cope, 472; logotype A. carhinctoni Cope. Protoporus Cope, 473; orthotype P. domninus Cope (youns of Tigoma lineata Grd.). A synonym of Tigoma Grd. Myloleucus Cope, 475; orthotypc M. pulverulentus Cope. Mvloleucus is a synonym of Ticoma Grd. In studying tlicsc species. Professor Cope by acciilcnt replaced teeth of a Siphatklks in his type example of Myloleucus PULVERULENTUs (fide Suydcr and Fowler). The group called Rutilus by Jordan & Evcrmann {Fishes of S. and M. Amer., 1896.243) is a composite one. Rutilus, with the teeth 6 5, should stand by itself. The name Leucos llcckel, preoccupied by Leucus Kaup. with teeth 5-5. should probably give place to 364 . THE GENERA OF FISHES, PART III Cenisophius Bon., while the American species should be distributed between SiPHATELES Cope, Hesperoleucus Snyder, and Leucidius Snyder. 1064. COPE (1872). A New Genus of Saurodont Fishes, Erisichthe, from the Kansas Niobrara. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. Edward Drinker Cope. Erisichthe Cope, 28U; orthotype E. nitida Cope (fossil). A synonym of Pro- TOSPHYR^NA Leidy. 1065. COPE (1872). On the Families of Fishes of the Cretaceous Formation of Kansas. Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc, 1872, XII, 327-357. Edward Drinker Cope. Portheus Cope, XII, 331; orthotype P. molossus Cope (fossil). Possibly a synonym of XiPHACTiNUS Leidy, 1870. Daptinus Cope, XII, 339; orthotype Saurocephalus phlebotomus Cope (fossil). A synonym of Saurcdon Hays, itself a synonym of Saurocephalus Harlan. Empo Cope, XII, 347; orthotype E. nepaholica Cope (fossil). Stiatodus Cope, XII, 349; orthotype S. apicalis Cope (fossil). 1066. COPE (1872). On the Tertiary Coal and Fossils of Osino, Nevada. Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc, 1872, XII, 478-481. Edward Drinker Cope. Trichophanes Cope, XII, 479; orthotype T. hians Cope (fossil). Amyzon Cope, XII, 480; orthotype A. mentale Cope (fossil). 1067. COPE (1872). Notices of New Vertebrata from the Upper Waters of Bitter Creek, Wyoming Territory. Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc, for 1871, XII, 483-486 (reprints dated Aug. 20, 1872). Edward Drinker Cope. Rhineastes Cope, XII, 486; orthotype R. peltatus Cope (fossil). 1068. DYBOWSKI (1872). Zur Kcnntniss der Fischfauna des Amurgcbietes. Verh. Rot. Ges. Wien, 1872, 200-222. Benedikt Ivan Dybowski Actenolepis Dybowski, 210; logotype A. ditmarii Dybowski = Perca chuatsi liasilewsky. A synonym of Siniperca Gill. Onychodon Dybowski, 211; orthotype Cephalus mantschuricus Basilewsky. Same as Abramocephalus Steind., both synonyms of Hypophthalmichthys Blkr. Gobiosoma Dybowski, 211; orthotype G. amurensis Dybowski. Name preoccupied by Gobiosoma Grd. A synonym of Saurogobio Blkr. Megalobrama Dybowski, 213; orthotype M. akolkovii. A synonym of Parabramis Blkr. Squalidus Dybowski, 215; orthotype S. CHANKAiiNSis Dybowski. A synonym of Gnathopocon Blkr. (Leucogobio Gthr.). Plagiognathus Dybowski, 216; orthotype P. jelskii Dybowski. Name preoccupied; replaced by Placiognathops Berg. Barbodon Dybowski, 216; orthotype B. lacustris Dybowski. A synonym oLSarco- CUEILICIITHYS Blkr. EGERTON, 1872 365 1069. EGERTON (1872). Fish: Helerolefidotus, hocolum, etc. Mem. Gcol. Surv. United Kingdom, 1872. XIII, decade 7. Philip de Malpas Grey Egerton. Heterolepidotus Egcrton, XIII, No. 2; orthotype H. latus Egcrt. (fossil). Platysiagum Egcrton, XIII, No. 6; orthotype P. sclerocephalum Egert. (fossil). Palaeospinax Egcrton, XIII, No. 7; orthotype Thyellina prisca (fossil). Drepanephorus Egcrton, XIII, No. 9; orthotype .Acrodus rucosus .\g. (fossil). .An extinct analogue of the living Heterodontus or Ceniracion. 1070. EGERTO.N (1872). On Prognathodus gucntheri Egerlon, a New Genus of Fossil Fisltes from the Lias of Lyme Regis. Quart. Journ. Gcol. Soc, 1872, XXVIII, 233-237. Philip de Malpas Grey Ecerton. Prognathodus Egcrton, XXVIII, 233; orthotype P. cuentheri Egert. (fossil). .N'ot Procnathodes Gill, the root meaning being different. 1071. GUNTHER (1872). Description of Thrissolis sericeus and on the Relationships of the Fish-Genera Pteraspis, Cyathaspis, and Scaphaspis. Geol. Mag., X. Edwin Ray Lankester. Holaspis Lankester, X, 242; orthotype H. sericeus Lank, (fossil). Name pre- occupied ; a synonym of Pal.5aspis Claypole. 1102. LEIDY (1873). Contributions to the Extinct Vertebrate Fauna of the Western Territories. I. Rept. U. S. Geol. Surv. for 1867 (1873). Joseph Leidy. Protautoga Leidy, 15; orthotype P. conidens Leidy. Eumylodus Leidy, 309; orthotype laqueatus Leidy (fossil), h synonym of Edaphodon Buckland. 1103. LEIDY (1873). Notice of Remains of Fishes iti the Bridger Tertiary Forma- tions of Wyoming. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. Joseph Leidy. Hypamia Leidy, 98; orthotype M. elegans Leidy (fossil). Protamia Leidy, 98; orthotype Amia gracilis Leidy (fossil). Phareodus Leidy, 99; P. acutus Leidy (fossil). Genus undefined, but not the species ; replaces Dapedoglossus Cope. 1104. LUTKEN (1873). Nogle nye ellcr mindrc futdstandigt kjcndte Pandser- maller, isaer fra del nordligc Sydamcrica. Vid. Mcddcl., Kjobcnhavn, 1873, 202-220. Christian Frederik Lutken. Xenomystus Liitkcn, 217; orthotype X. Gonio Liitkcn. Name preoccupied; replaced by Hemipsilichthys Eigenmann. 1105 MARCK (1873). (Fossile Fische.) Pala:ontographia, XXII, 1873. W. voN der Marck. Thrissopteroides von der Marck, XXII, 61 ; orthotype T. elongatl's von der Marck (fossil). NEWBERRY, 1873 371 1106. NEWBERRY (1873). Descriflions of Fossil Fishes. Ropt. Geol. Surv. Ohio. I. (Devonian System, 290-324.) John Strong Newberrv. Cyrtacanthus .Wwbcrry. 1. 306; orthotype C. dentatus Newberry (fossil). Prob- ably a synonym of Ehismacanthus. Liognathus Xewbcrry, I, 306; orthotype L. spatulatus Newberry. Name pre- occupied by Lei(h;n.\tiil's Lnc. ; replaced by Lispocnathus Miller, 1892. Rhynchodus Newberry, I, 307; orthotype R. secans Newberry (fossil). Dinichthys Newberry, 1, 313; logotype D. hertzeri Newberry (fossil). Aspidichthys .Newberry, I, 322; orthotype .Xspidophorus clavatus Newberry (fossil). Replaces .\spidophorus Newberry, preoccupied. 1107. POEY (1873). Graminicolepis brachiusculus, tipo de una nueva familia en la clase de los peees. Anal. Soc. Espanola Hist. Nat., Madrid, 1873, II, 403-406. Felipe Poey y Aloy. Grammicolepis Poey, II, 403; orthotype G. brack lUsctJLUS Poey. 1108. SAUVAGE(1873). S'oie sur le Sebaslcs minutus. Ann. Sci. Nat. (Zool.), V. Henri P.mile Sauvage. Sebastopsis Sauvage, V. 1; orthotype Seba.stes minutus Cuv. Identical with the earlier Sebastopsis Gill, both being synonyms of Scorp,bnodes Blkr. 1109. S.MJVAGE (1873). Memoire sur la faune ichthyolosiique de la feriodc lerlioire et plus specialemeni sur les poissons fossiles d'Oran (Algiric) el sur ceux decouvcrts par M. R. Alby a Licala en Sicile. Ann. Sci. Geol., 1873, IV, No. 1. Henri £mile Sauvage. Trichiurichthys Sauvat(c, IV, 130; orthotype T. incf.rtus Sauvage (fossil). Hemithyrsites Sauvage. IV, 136; orthotype .Xcantiionotls armatus Sauvage (fossil); replaces .\canthonotos Sauvage, preoccupied by Acanthonotus RIoch. Pseudeleginus Sauvage, IV, 164; orthotype P. albvi Sauvage (fossil). Parascopelus Sauvage, IV, 196; orthotype Scopelus lacertosus Sauvage (fossil). Anaptcrus Sauvage. IV, 199; orthotype Tydeus megistosoma Sauvage (fossil). Name a substitute for Tydeus Sauvage, preoccupied. 1110. TRAQUAIR (1873). On a Xezv Genus (Canorhynchus) of Fossil Fish of the Order Dipnoi. Geol. Mag., 1873, X, 552 555. Ramsay Heatley Traquair (1840-1912). Ganorhynchus Traquair, 555; orthotype G. woohwardi Traquair (fossil), 1111. V.■\ILL.^NT (1873). Recherches sur les poissons des eaux douces de I'Amfrique seplentrionale designis par M. L. Agassi: sous le nom d'Elheosto- matider. Nouv. Archiv. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris. 1873. IX, 5-154 LfeoN Louis Vaillant. Plesioperca Vaillant, IX, 36; orthotype P. anceps Vaillant — IIadropterus nigro- FvstMTUs Ag. A synonym of Hadropterus Ag. Astatichthys Vaillant, IX, 106; orthotype Etiieostoma c.f.rulea Storcr. .\ syno- nym of Oligocepiialus Grd. 172 THE GENERA OF FISHES, PART III 1874 1112. BARKAS (1874). On the Microscopical Structure of Fossil Teeth from the Northumberland Coal Measures. Monthly Review Dental Surgery. William James Barkas. Petalodopsis Barkas, II, 538; orthotype P. mirabilis Barkas = Sagenodus iN-EQUALis Owen (fossil). Probably a synonym of Sagenodus. 1113. BLEEKER (1874). Typi nonnulli gcnerici piscium neglecti. Versl. Akad. Amsterdam (2), VIII, 367-371. PlETER BlEEKER. Campylomormyrus Bleeker, VIII, 367; orthotype Mormyrus tamandua Gthr. Oxymormyrus Bleeker, VIII, 367; orthotype Mormyrus zanclirostris Gthr. Solenomormyrus Bleeker, VIII, 368; orthotype Centriscus niloticus B1. & Schn. Pararhychobdella Bleeker, VIII, 368; orthotype Rhynchobdella maculata Rein- wardt. Polyacanthonotus Bleeker, VIII, 368; orthotype Notacanthus rissoanus Filippi & Verany. Gunnellops Bleeker, VIII, 368; orthotype Gunnellus roseus Cuv. & Val. Lycodalepis Bleeker, VIII, 369; orthotype Lycodes mucosus Rich. Paralycodes Bleeker, VIII, 369; orthotype Lycodes variegatus Gthr. Acanthocepola Bleeker,, VIII, 369; orthotype Cepola krusensterni Schlegel. Macuroplus Bleeker, VIII, 369; orthotype Macrurus serratus Lowe. Paramacrurus Bleeker, VIII, 370; orthotype Lepidoleprus australis Rich. Oxymacrurus Bleeker, VIII, 370; orthotype Macrurus japonicus T. & S. Parabembras Bleeker, VIII, 370; orthotype Bembras curtus T. & S. Octogrammus Bleeker, VIII, 370 ; orthotype "Labrax octogrammus Schlegel" = Octogrammus pallasi Blkr. A synonym of Hexagrammos Steller. Parachaetodon Bleeker, VIII, 371 ; orthotype Ch.etodon oligacanthus Blkr. 1114. BLEEKER (1874). Notice sur les genres Amblyeleotris, Valenciennesia et Brachyeleotris. Versl. Akad. Amsterdam (2), VIII, 1874, 372-376. PiETER Bleeker. Amblyeleotris Bleeker, VIII, 372; orthotype Eleotris periophthalmus Blkr. Eleotrioides Bleeker, VIII, 372; orthotype E. cyanostigma Blkr. Not Eleotriodes Blkr., 1857 ; a synonym of Brachyeleotris Blkr. 1115. BLEEKER (1874). Esquisse d'un systeme nnturel des Gobioides. Arch. Neerl. Sci. Nat., IX, 1874, 289-331. Pieter Bleeker. Guavina Bleeker, IX, 302; orthotype Eleotris guavina Cuv. & Val. Oxyeleotris Bleeker, IX, 302; orthotype Eleotris marmorata Blkr. Culius Bleeker, IX, 303; orthotype CuLius fuscus Blkr = Eleotris nigra Q. & G. A synonym of Eleotris Gronow. Belobranchus Bleeker, IX, 304; orthotype B. nuoYi Blkr. Gsrmneleotris Bleeker, IX, 304; orthotype Eleotris seminudus Gthr. Butis Blocker, IX, 304 ; orthotype Cheilodipterus butis Ham. Gymnobutis Bleeker, IX, 304; orthotype Eleotris gymnocephalus Stcind. Prionobutis Blocker, IX, 305; orthotype Eleotris dasyrhynchus Gthr. A syno- nym of Butis Blkr. Odontobutis Bleeker, IX, 30S; orthotype Eleotris obscura T. & S. DLEEKER, 1874 373 Priolepis (Ehrcnbcrg) Blecker, IX, 305; ortliotypc Asterropteryx semipunctatus Riippcll. A synonym of Asterroptekvx Kiippcll, noted in passing. Brachyeleotris Blecker, IX, 300; ortliotypc Kleotris cvanosticma Blkr. Hetereleotris Blceker, IX, 306; orthotype Gobius diaoematus Riippcll. Valenciennesia Blecker, IX, 307; orthotype Eleotris stricata Blkr. The names Valencies nea, Valenciennesia, and Eleotriodes have been confused by Blecker. Valenciennea appeared (1868) without diagnosis, with mention only of Eleotris hasselti Blkr. As this was a previously known species, the name may be regarded as established and the species in question as its type. Later in 1868 Valenciennesia appears also without e.\planation, in connection with Eleotris stricata Blkr. Meanwhile, the name Eleotriodes had been given in I8S7, in the same way, without diag- nosis, to Eleotris se.ncl'ttata Cuv. & Val. In 1874 Blecker makes Eleo- triodes a synonym of Valenciennesia, with E. stricata as type, and still later in 1874, in his Esquissc Gineral, Eleotriodes appears as a separate genus, its type being specilied as Eleotris heldsdingeni Blkr. Clearly Blecker regarded these earlier names as names only, but as each of them refers to a species already known, they must have place in the system. That Valenciennea, 1868 (hasselti), is distinct from Eleotriodes, 1857 (sf-XCUTTata), is quite probable. Eleotriodes Blecker IX, 307; orthotype E. iielsdinceni Blkr. (not Eleotriodes Blkr., 1857). Orthostomus (Kncr) Bleeker, IX. 308; orthotype GoDlus amblvopinus Kncr. Oxymetopon Blceker, IX, 308; orthotype O. tvpus Blkr. Pseudogobiodon Blecker, IX, 309; orthotype Gonius citrinus Riippcll. Paragobiodon Blceker, IX. 309; orthotype Gonius melanosoma Blkr. Replaces" RippELLiA Sw., preoccupied. Alepidogobius Blceker, IX. 310; orthotype Gobiosoma fasciatum Playfair. Gobiopterus Blceker. IX, 311; orthotype .Npocrvptes drachvpterus Blkr. Leptogobius Bleeker, IX, 311; orthotype Gobius oxvpterus Blkr. Trixnopogon Bleeker, IX, 312; orthotype Tri.€Nophorichthys barbatus Gthr. Sicydiops Pilecker, IX, 314; orthotype Sicvdium xanthurus Blkr. Microsicydium Blceker. IX. 314; orthotype Sicvdium gy.mnauchen Blkr. Brachygobius Blecker, IX, 315; orthotjpe GoDifs dori.e Gthr. Callogobius Blceker. IX, 315; orthotype Eleotris hasselti Blkr. A synonym of Valenciennea. Platygobius Blceker. I.\. 316; orthotype Gonius macrorhvnchus Blkr. Mesogobius Bleeker. IX. 317; orthotype Gobius batrachocephalus Pallas. Stenogobius Bleeker. IX, 317; orthotype Gonius cymnopomus Blkr. Oligolepis r.lrcker. IX. 318; orthotype Gonius melanostigma Blkr. Gnatholcpis I'.lrckcr. IX. 318; orthotype Gonius anjerensis Blkr. Hypogymnogobius Blceker. IX. 318; orthotype Gobius xanthozona Blkr. Hemigobius Blceker. IX. 319; orthotype Gobius melanurus Blkr. Actinogobius Blceker. IX. 319; orthotype Gonius ommaturus Blkr. Cephalogobius Blceker, IX, 320; orthotype Gonius sublitus Cantor. Centrogobius Blceker. IX. 321 ; orthotype Gonius notacanthus Blkr. Same as OrioroMUs Steind., not Oplopoma Grd. Acentrogobius Blceker. IX. 321 ; ortliotypc Gonius ciilorostigma Blkr. Porogobius Blecker, IX, 321; orthotype Gnnns ■;riiLECELi Gthr. 374 THE GENERA OF FISHES, PART III Amblygobius Bleaker, IX, 322; orthotype Gobius sphinx Blkr. Cryptocentrus (Ehrenberg), Bleeker, IX, 322; orthotype Gobius cryptocentrus Cuv. & Val. Same as Paragobius Blkr. Zonogobius Bleeker, IX, 323; orthotype Gobius semifasciatus Kner. Odontogobius Bleeker, IX, 323 ; orthotype Gobius bynoensis Blkr. Stigmatogobius Bleeker, IX, 323; orthotype Gobius pleurostigma Blkr. Amblychaeturichthys Bleeker, IX, 324; orthotype Ch.«turichthys he.x.^nema Blkr. Parachaeturichthys Bleeker, IX, 32S; orthotype Ch^turichthys polynema Blkr. Periophthalmodon Bleeker, IX, 326; orthotype Gobius schlosseri Pallas = Gobius darbarus L. a synonym of Periophthalmus B1. & Schn., as restricted by Gill, 1863. Apocryptodon Bleeker, IX, 327 ; orthotype Apocryptes madurensis Blkr. Parapocryptes Bleeker, IX, 327; orthotype Apocryptes microlepis Blkr. Gobileptes (Svvainson) Bleeker, IX, 327; type Apocryptes bato Cuv. & Val. The first assignment of type, but evidently not the species Swainson had in mind as Gobileptes. Pseudapocryptes Bleeker, IX, 328; orthotype .Apocryptes lanceolatus Cantor. Brachyamblyopus Bleeker, IX, 329; orthotype .Amblyopus brack ysoma Blkr. Odontamblyopus Bleeker, IX, 330; orthotype Gobioides rubicundus Ham. Trypauchenichthys Bleeker, IX, 331; orthotype T. typus Blkr.; replaces Cteno- trypauchen Steind. 1116. BLEEKER (1874). Revision des esfieces d'Ambassis et de Parambassis de I'Indc archipelagiquc. Nat. Verb. Holl. Maatscli. Wetensch., 3. verz., II, 1874, 83-106. Pieter Bleeker. Parambassis Bleeker, 102 ( 19, reprint) ; orthotype .\.\ibassis apogonides Blkr. 1117. BLEEKER (1874). Revision dcs esfeces insul-indlennes de la famille des Synanceoides. Nat. Verb. Holl. Maatsch. Wetensch.. 3. verz., II, 1874, 1-22. Pieter Bleeker. Synanchia (Svvainson) Bleeker, 11; orthotype Synanceia erosa Cuv. & Val. A synonym of Erosa Sw. Synanchia Sw. is plainly only a "wilful misprint" for Synanceia. In any case, Erosa occurs on an earlier page in the same work and was intended for the same species. Leptosynanceia Bleeker, 17; orthotype Synancia astroblepa Rich. In this paper Bleeker cancels his earlier genus Synanceichtiiys (verrucosa), regarding it as intergrading with Synanceja (horrida). But the two seem fairly separable. The earliest subdivision of Synanceja, that of Miiller in 1843, leaves verrucosa as the type of Synanceja, S. horrida being set off as Synancidium. This arrangement apparently must stand. Synanceichthys, with Spurco (Commerson) and Emmvdrichthys Jordan and Snyder, become .synonyms of Synanceja. 1118. COPE (1874). On Some Batrachians and Nematonnallii Broug,lit from the Upper Amazon by Prof. Orton. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Pliila.. 1874, 120-137. Edward Drinker Cope. Dysichthys Cope, 133 ; orthotype I), coracoideus Cope. 1119. COPE (1874). On the Plagopterina: and the IchthyoloRy of Utah. Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc, XIV. 122-139. Edward Drinker Cope. COPE. 1874 375 Plagoptenis Cope. 130; orihotype P. arcentissimus Cope. Lepidomeda Cope. 131 ; orthotypc L. vittata Cope. 1120. COPE (1874). Descriflion of Some SpccUs of Rcpliles Obtained by Dr. John F. Bransford, Assistant Surgeon United States Xavy. . . . Nicaragua. etc. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.. 1874, 64-72. Edward Drinker Cope. Protistius Cope, 66; orthotypc P. semotilus Cope. 1121. COPE (1874). Review of the I'ertebrata of the Cretaceous Period Found West of the Mississiffi River. Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr., I. Edward Drinker Cope. Pelecorapis Cope, 39; orthotypc P. varius Cope (fossil). Tetheodus Cope. 43; orthotypc T. pepiirebo Cope (fossil). Sporetodus Cope. 47; orthotypc S. janev'aii Cope. .^ synonym of Ptychodus Ag. 1122. DYBOWSKI (1874). Fische des Baikal-H'assersystemcs. Vcrh. K.-K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wicn. XXIV. Benedikt Ivan Dybowski Leucichthys Dybowski, 390; logotype Salmo omul Pallas, nearly or quite identical with .Argvroso.mus Ag.. which is preoccupied and replaced by Thrisso.mimus Gill. 1123. GILL (1874). On the Identity of Esox leivini With the Dinolestes miillcri of Kluiicingcr. .Am. Mag. Xat. Hist.. XIV Theodore Gill. Gobiopus Gill, XIV, 159; orthotypc not stated, a goby with the "hrst dorsal tin atrophied," as in Luciogobius and Leucopsarion. Apparently a synonym of LuciocoBius Gill. 1124. GONTHER (1874). Descriptions of New Species of Fishes in the British Museum. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 1874, XIV, 368-371 ; 4S3-475. .•\mERT GUNTIIER. Rhamphocottus Giinthcr. 369; orthotypc R. richardsoni Gthr. Gastromyzon Giinthcr. 454, 453-475; orlliotypc G. borneensis Gth. 1125 HA,\ST (1874). On Cheimarrichlhys forsteri, a New Genus Belonging to the New Zealand Fresh-water Fishes. Trans. New Zealand Instil., 1874, VI, 103-104. JoHANN Franz Julius von Haast. Cheimarrichthys Haast, 103 ; orthotypc C. forsteri Haast. 1126 JONES (1874). A New Fish (Lefroyia bermudensis). Zoologist, 1874, II, 3837-3838. John Matthew Jones. Lefroyia Jones, 3837; orthotypc L. bermudensis Jones. A synonym of Carapus Raf. (FlERASFER CuV.). 1127 KESSLER (1874). Pisces. (In Ftdtschensko's Expedition to Turkestan. Zoogcographical Researches.) Bull. Soc. Sci. Moscou. 1874. XI, 1-63. Karl Theodorovicii Kessler (1815-1881). 376 THE GENERA OF FISHES, PART III Pseudodon Kessler, XI, 40 ; orthotype F*. longicauda Kessler ; name preoccupied. A synonym of Paracobitis Blkr., 1863. Diplophysa Kessler, 57; logotype D. strauchi Kessler. 1128.. LOTKEN (1874). Siluridcc no'jcc Brasilia: centralis a clarissimo J. Rein- hardt in proz'incia Minas-GeraHs circa oppidulum Lagoa Santa, pracique in flumine rio das Velhas, etc. Overs Dansk. Vid. Selsk., Kjobenhavn, 1874, 29-36. Christian Frederik Lutken. Leporellus Lutken, 129; orthotype Leporinus pictus Kner. 1129. LOTKEN (1874). Characincr nova: Brasilice centralis a clarissimo J. Rein- hardt in provincia Minas-Gerai's circa oppidulum Lagoa Santa in tacu eiusdcm nominis, flumine rio das Velhas, etc. Oversigt Dansk. Vid. Forh. Kjoben- havn, 1874 (1875), 127-143. Christian Frederik Lutken. Glanidium Lijtken 31 ; orthotype G. albescens Lutken. Bagropsis Lutken, 32 ; orthotype B. reinhardti Liitken. 1130. POKY (1874). Monographic dcs poissons de Cuba compris dans la sous famillc de Sparini. Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., X. Felipe Poey y Aloy. Grammateus Poey, 182; orthotype Pagellus microps Guich. = Pagellus penna Cuv. & Val. A section under Calamus Sw. 1131. PROBST (1874). Bcilrag zur Kcnntniss dcr fossilcn Fische aus der Molasse von Baltringen. Jahresb. Ver. Vaterl. Naturk. Wiirttemberg, XXX. Josef Probst (1823- ). Sparoides Probst, XXX, 291; logotype S. umbonatus Probst (fossil). 1132. SAUVAGE (1874). Notice siir les poissons tertiaircs de I'Auvergne. Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Toulouse, 1873-74, VIII, 171-198. Henri Smile Sauvage. Prolebias Sauvage, 187; logotype P. gregatus (Aymard) Sauvage (fossil). Pachystetus (Aymard) Sauvage, 190; ortliotype Lebias aymardi Sauvage = Paciivstetus gregatus Aymard MS. (noted in synonymy). A synonym of Prolebias Sauvage. 1133. SAUVAGE (1874). Notices Ichthyologiqucs. Rev. Mag. Zool., 1874, II, 332-340. Henri Iimile Sauvage. Oreias Sauvage, 334 ; orthotype O. dabryi Sauvage. Apparently a synonym of Barkatula Linck ; same as Orthrias Jprdan & Fowler of later date. Sinibarbus Sauvage, 335 ; orthotype S. vittatus Sauvage. Doliichthys Sauvage, 336; orthotype D. stellatus Sauvage. Lepidoblennius Sauvage, 2i7 ; orthotype L. caledonicus Sauvage. Name preoccu- pied ( Stciiidachner, 1867), replaced by Sauvagea Jordan and Scale (1906). Heteroleuciscus Sauvage, 339; orthotype II. jullieni Sauvage. 1134. SAUVAGE (1874). Revision dcs cspeccs du groupe dcs lipinoches. Nouv. Arch, Mus,, X, 5-32. Henri £mile Sauvage. SAUVAGE, 1874 'i'l^ Gasterostea Sauvage, 7; orthotype Gastebosteus puncitius L. A synonym of Pycosieus Brcvoort (1861). Gastraea Sauvage, 7; orthotype Gasterosteus spinachia L. A synonym of Spi- nach! a Cuv. 1135 SAUVAGE (1874). ttwdc stir Us foissons du Lias supiriiur de la Losire ct de la Bourgogne. Rev. Sci. N'at.. II. Henri £mil£ Sauvage. Cephenoplosus Sauvage. II, 428; orthotype C. tvpus Sauvage (fossil). A synonym <:i 1'aciivcor.mi;s .^g. 1136 STEINDACHXER (1874). Ichthyologische Beitrage. I. Sitzb. Akad. Wiss. Wien, 1874, LXX, 1. Abth., 355-390. Franz Steindaciiner. Pikea Steindachner, 375; orthotype Grvstes lunul.vtus Guich. Hemianthias Steindachner, 380; orthotype A nth i as peruanus Steind. 1137. TRAUTSCHOLD (1874). Die Kalkhriichc von Mjalschkoeva, ttc. Nouv. Mem. Soc. Imp. Nalur., XIII, Moscou. Hermann von Trautschold (1817-1902). Solenodus Trautschold, 293; orthotype S. crenulatus Trautschold. Octinaspis Trautschold, pi. 28; orthotype Petrodus si.mplicissimus Trautschold (fossil). 1138 WINKLER (1874). Memoire sur les deals de poissons du terrain bruxellien. .•\rch. Mus. Tcylcr, Haarlem. TinF-Rius Cornelius Winkler. Plicodus Winkler, HI, 301 ; orthotype Ginglymosioma thielense Noetling (fossil). A fossil homologue of Ginclymostoma. 1875 1139 BLEEKER (1875). Xolice sur les Eleotrifonnes et description de Irois csfeees nouvelles. Arch, .\ccrl. Sci. Xat., X. 1875, 101112. Pieter Bleeker. Pogoneleotris Bleeker, 107; orthotype Eleotris heterolepis Gthr. 1140. BLEEKER (1875). Description du genre Parascorpis et du son espice- type. Arch. Nierl. Sci. Nat., 1875. X, 380-382. Pieter Bleeker. Parascorpit Bleeker, 380; orthotype P. tvpus Blkr. 1141 BLEEKER (1875). lihision des Sicydiini et Latrunculi de llnsulindcs. Versl. /Vcad. Amsterdam, IX Pieter Bleeker. Leptogobius Bleeker, 22; orthotype Gobius oxvpterus Blkr. (See also No. 1115.) 1142 BLEEKER (1875). Recherches sur la faune de Madagascar et de ses dcpcndanccs d'apr^s les dhouvcrlcs de Francois P. I.. Pollen el D. C. -an Dam. 4* Partie. Poissons de \tadiii;ascar ct emius Raf." = Alburnus UMBRATiLis Grd. = NoTROPis LYTHRURUS Jordan. S. dipl.emius Raf. is some- thing different. 1180. KESSLER (1876). Description of Fishes Collected by Col. Prejevalsky in Mongolia. (Text in Russian.) (In Prejevalsky, N. Mongolia i Sirana Tangutov. II, pt. 4, 1-36.) Karl Theodorovich Kessler. Megagobio Kessler, 16; orthotype M. nasutus Kessler. 1181. NELSON (1876). A Partial Catalogue of the Fishes of Illinois. Bull. 111. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1876, I, 33-52. Edward William Nelson (1855- ). Sternotremia Nelson, 39; orthotype S. isolepis Nelson, the young of Aphredo- derus sayanus, the vent farther back, A synonym of Aphredoderus Le Sueur. 1182. MARCK (1876). Fossile Fische von Sumatra. Palaeontologia, XXII. W. VON DER MarCK. Protosyngnathus von der Marck, XXII, 406; orthotype P. sumatrensis Marck (fossil). A fossil homologue of Aulorhynchus Gill. 1183. OWEN (1876). Catalogue of Fossils. Report on South Africa. Richard Owen. Hypterus Owen, IX, orthotype H. baini Owen (fossil). Names only; quoted by Woodward, 1891, as a synonym of Atherstonia Woodw., 1889. 1184. PETERS (1876). Uebersicht der w'dhrcnd der von 1874 bis 1876 unlcr der Commando des Hrn. Capitdn r. 5. Freiherrn von Schleinitz ausgefiihrten Rcisc S. M. S. Gazelle . . . Fische. Monatsb. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1876, 831-854. WiLHELM Carl Hartwic Peters, Idiacanthus Peters, 846; orthotype I. fasciola Peters. Stigmatonotus Peters, 838 ; orthotype S. australis Peters. 1185. STKINDACIINER (1876). Die Siisszvasser Fische der Siidostlichen Bra- silicu. III. Sitzb. Akad. Wiss. Wicn, LXXIV. November, 1876. Franz Steindachner. Wertheimeria Steindachner, 660 (101, reprint): orthotype W. maculata Steind. STEINDACilNER, 1876 387 Harttia Stcindachner, 668 (110. reprint); orthotypc II. loricariformis Steind. 1186. STEINDACHNER (1876). Ichthyolosische Beitrage. V. Sitzb. Akad. VViss. Wicn, 1876. LXXIV. 49-240. Franz Steindachner. Hippoglossina Stcindachner, 61 (13. reprint) ; orthotype H. macrops Steind. Curimatopsis Stcindachner, 81; orthotypc CfiiiMATUS microlepis Steind. Lutkenia Stcindachner. 85; orthotype L. insig.nis Steind. Xame preoccupied; replaced by Sticha.sodon Eigcnniann. 1903. Paragoniates Stcindachner. 117 (69, reprint); orthotype P. alburnus Steind. Pimelodina Stcindachner, 149 (101, reprint) ; orthotype P. flavipinnis Steind. Lophiosilurus Steindaclincr, 155 (106, reprint); orthotype L. alexandri Steind. Achiropsis Stcindachner, 158 (110. reprint); orthotype Solea nattereri Steind. Cynolebias Stcindachner, 172 { 124, reprint ) ; orthotype C. porosus Steind. Siphagonus Steindachner, 188 (140, reprint); orthotype .\conus segaliensis Tilesius. A synonym of Brachyopsis Gill. Blakea Steindachner. 196 (148. reprint); orthotype Mvxodes elecans Cooper. A synonym of Gibdonsia Cooper. Bembrops Steindachner. 211 (163. reprint); orthotype B. caudimacula Steind. 1877 1187-1188. ALLEYNE & MACLEAY (1877). The Ichthyology of the Chevcrt Expedition. Proc. Linn. Soc. New S. Wales, 1877. 261-268; 321-359. Hayne.s Gibbes Allevne; William Macleav. Pseudolates .MIcyne & Macleay. 262; orthotype P. cavifrons Alleyne & Macleay = lIoLocENTRUS CAIXARIFER Bloch. A synonym of Lates Cuv. Homalogrystes Alleyne & Macleay. 268; orthotypc H. cuentheri Alleyne & .Macleay. .\ synonym of Acanthochromis Gill. Gerreomorpha .MIcyne & Macleay. 274 ; orthotype G. rostrata Alleyne & Macleay. Heptadecacanthus .MIcyne & Macleay, 343; orthotype H. loncicaudus .MIcyne & Macliay. .\ synonym of Aca.nthochromis Gill. Cheilolabrus .Alleyne & Macleay, 345; orthotype C. macnilabri;s Alleyne & Macleay. \ syiKinym of Thalliijrus Sw. " IIemicymnus Gthr. 1189 SLEEKER (1877). Notice sur les espica nominates de Pomaccntroides dt I'lnde archipilagique. Arch. Nierl. Sci. Nat., XH. 1877. 38-41 PlETER BlEEKER. Glyphidodontops Sleeker, 41; orthotype Glyph idodon antjerius Blkr. A syno- nym of Chrvsiptera Sw. 1190. BLEEKER (1877). Mimoirc sur les Chromides marins ou Pomacentroides de I'lnde arcliipflagique. Xat. Wrh. I loll Maatsch. VVctcnsch.. 3 Verz. 11. 1877. 1-166. PlETER RlEEKER. Parapomaccntrus Rlrckcr. 65; orthotype Pomacfntrus polynema RIkr. Amblypomacentrus Bleckcr, 68; orthotypc Pomacentrls iire\iceps Blkr. Eupomacentnis Bleckcr, 73; orthotype Pomacentrus lividus Blkr. Brachypomacentrus RIeeker, 73; orthotype Pomacintrus albifasciatus RIkr 388 THE GENERA OF FISHES, PART III 1191. CASTELNAU (1877). Australian Fishes. New or Little Known Species. Proc. Linn. Soc. New S. Wales, 1877, II. 225-248. Francis Laporte Castelnau. Brisbania Castelnau, 241 ; orthotype B. staigeri Castelnau. Keosilurus Castelnau, 238; orthotype N. australis Castelnau. Name preoccupied, replaced by Cainosilurus Macleay, Neoarius Castelnau, 237 ; orthotype Arius curtisi Castelnau. Beridia Castelnau, 229; orthotype B. flava Castelnau. A synonym of Gnathana- canthus Blkr. 1192. COPE (1877). On Some New and Little Known Reptiles and Fishes from the Austroriparian Region. Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc, XVII. Edward Drinker Cope. Xystroplites (Jordan) Cope, 67; orthotype X. longim.\nus Cope = Pomotis HOLBROOKi Cuv. & Val. (In this case Cope suppressed his own proposed generic name in favor of one given almost simultaneously by Jordan.) Jordan's type, X. gillii, seems to be the same as Pomotis pallidus Ag. 1193. COPE (1877). Report on the Geology of the Region of the Judith River, Montana, etc. Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv., III. Edward Drinker Cope. Anogmius Cope, 584; orthotype A. aratus Cope, not Anogmius Cope, 1871. Pelycorapis Cope, 587; orthotype P. varius Cope (fossil). 1194. COPE (1877). Contribution to the Knowledge of the Ichthyological Fauna of the Green River Shales. Bull. U. S. Geog. Surv. Terr., 1877, III, 807-819. Edward Drinker Cope. Dapedoglossus Cope, 807; orthotype D. testis Cope (fossil). A synonym of Phareodus Leidy. Amphiplaga Cope, 812; orthotype A. brack yptera Cope (fossil). Mioplosus Cope, 813; orthotype M. labracoidks Cope (fossil). Priscacara Cope, 816; orthotype P. serrata Cope (fossil). 1195. COPE (1877). Notice of a New Locality of the Green River Shales Con- taining Fishes, Insects, and Plants in a Good State of Prescrz'ation. Pal. Bull., XXV. Edward Drinker Cope. Diplomystus Cope, 139; orthotype D. dentatus (fossil). Name regarded as pre- occupied by DiPLOMYSTEs Gthr., replaced by Copeichthys DoUo. 1196. COPE (1877). Descriptions of Extinct Vertebrates from the Permian and Triassic Formations nf the United States. Proc. .A.mer. Philos. Soc, XVII. Edward Drinker Cope. Strigilina Cope, 182; orthotype Janassa gurleiana Cope (fossil). A synonym of Janassa. 1197. COPE (1877). On Some New or Little Knoivn Reptiles and Fishes of the Cretaceous, No. 3, of Kansas. Proc Amer. Philos. Soc, XVII. Edward Drinker Cope. Oricardinus Cope, 177; orthotype O. tortus Cope (fossil). Ptyonodus Cope, 192; orthotype Sagenodus vinslovi Cope (fossil). A synonym of Sagenodus Owen. coRNUEL, 1877 389 U98. CORNUEL (1877). Descriflion de dibris de poissons fossiles . . . du caUaire neoconiien . . . Haute Mante. Bull. Geol. Soc. France. J. CORNL/'EL. Ellipsodus Cornuel, 617; orthotypc E. incisus Cornuel (fossil). 1199. DYBOVVSKI (1877). (Fishes.) Be.nedikt Ivan Dydowski. (I have failed to find the work in which these Siberian fishes are described.) Pristiodon Dybowski, VIII, 26; orthotypc P. siemionovi Dybowski = Leuciscus IDELLA Val. A synonym of Ctenopharv.ncodon Stcind. Perccottus Dybowski, VIII, 28; orthotypc P. glenii Dybowski (a goby; allied to GoBioMORUs Lac.) 1200. FRITSCH (1877). Die Reptilicn und Fische der Bohmischen Kreidefor- malion. Prag. .Anton Jan Fritsch. Sphcerolepis Fritsch, 46; orthotypc S. koijnoviensis Fritsch (fossil). 1201. CARMAN (1877). On the Pelvis and External Sexual Organs of Selachians, it^ith Especial Reference to the Xezv Genera Potamotrygon and Disceus. Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 1877, XIX, 197-215. Samuel Garman (1846- ). MaUcorhina Garnian, 203; ortliotype Raja mira Garman. Disceus ('..iriiian, 208; orthotypc Trvgo.v stkongvlopterus Schomburgk. Potamotrygon Garman, 210; orthotypc Trvcon hvstrix M. & H. 1202. GILL (1877). Synopsis of the Fishes of Lake Nicaragua. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1877, 175-218. Theodore N. Gill. Bramocharax Gill, 189; orthotypc B. bransfohdi Gill. 1203. GILL (1877). Annual Record of Industry and Science for 1876. TiiEoiwRE Gill. Lycichthys Gill, CLXVII ; orthotypc Anarrhichas latifrons Steenstrup & Hall- grimmson. 1204. GILL & JORDAN (1877). (The Sun-fish.) Field & Forest, 1877. 190. Theodore Gill; David Starr Jordan. Eupomotis Gill & Jordan, 190; orthotypc Sparus aureus Walbaum = Labrvs GIHBOSUS L. 1205 GONTHER (1877). Preliminary Notes on New Fishes Collected in Japan During the Expedition of H.M.S. Challenger. .Ann. Mag. Nat. Mist., scr. 4, XX. 433-446. Albert GOnther. Bathythrissa Gunthcr, 443; orthotypc H. dorsalis Gthr. A synonym of Ptero- THRissus Hilgendorf a little earlier in the same year. 1206 IULGENDORF (1877). (Pterolhrissus.) Act Soc. Leopoldina, III, Sept. 3, 1877. Franz Martin Hilgendorf (1839189?). 390 THE GENERA OF FISHES, PART III Pterothrissus Hilgendorf, 127 (Sept. 3, 1877); orthotype P. gissu Hilgendorf; replaces Bathythrissa Gthr. (Nov. 1, 1877). 1207. JORDAN (1877). On the Fishes of Northern Indiana. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1877, 42-82. David Starr Jordan. Imostoma Jordan, 49; orthotype Hadropterus shumardi Grd. Copelandia Jordan, 56; orthotype C. eriarcha Jordan, an abnormal variant of Enneacanthus gloriosus (Holbrook). A synonym of Enneacanthus Gill, based on an aberrant specimen. Also in Bull. Buffalo Soc. Nat. Hist., 1877, 136. Xenotis Jordan, 76 ; orthotype Pomotis fallax Baird & Girard. A section under Lepomis Raf. 1208. JORDAN (1877). A Partial Synopsis of the Fishes of Upper Georgia. Ann. Lye. N. Y., XI, 307-377. David Starr Jordan. Xenisma Jordan, 322; orthotype Hydrargyra catenata Ag. A subgenus under FUNDULUS. Helioperca Jordan, 355; orthotype Pomotis incisor Guv. & Val. = Labrus palli- Dus Mitchill. A section under Lepomis. 1209. JORDAN (1877). Notes on Cottidcc, Etheostomatida.Percidce, Ceutrachidce, AphododcridiF, Dorysomatidcc, and Cyprinidee, with Revisions of the Genera and Descriptions of New or Little Knoivn Species. Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1877, X, 1-68. David Starr Jordan. Ammocrypta Jordan, 5; orthotype A. beani Jordan. Nanostoma (Putnam) Jordan, 6; orthotype Pcecilichthvs zonalis Cope; regarded as preoccupied by Nannostomus Gthr.; replaced by Rhothceca Jordan. Ericosma Jordan & Copeland, 8; orthotype Alvordius evides Jordan & Copeland. A section under Hadropterus Ag. Rheocrypta Jordan, 9; orthotype R. copelandi Jordan. A section under Cotto- ga.ster Putnam (1863). Xystroplites Jordan, 24; orthotype X. gilli Jordan. .\ section under Eupomotis Gill & Jordan. (See No. 1192.) Cynoperca Gill & Jordan, 44; orthotype Lucioperca canadensis C. H. Smith. Mimoperca (Gill & Jordan) Jordan, 44; orthotype Perca volgensis Pallas. A synonym of Schilus Krynicki (1832). Elassoma Jordan, 50; orthotype E. zonata Jordan. Name (from ilaaawiia, a diminution) wrongly expanded to Elassosoma in the /Zoological Record for 1878. Asternotremia (Nelson) Jordan, 51 ; orthotype Sternotremia isolepis Nelson. A needless substitute name for Sternotremia Nelson, thought to be anatomically not exact. A synonym of Aphredoderus Le Sueur. Episema Cope & Jordan, 64 ; orthotype Photogenis scabriceps Cope. Name preoc- cupied, replaced by Paranotropis Eowler. Elattonistius Gill & Jordan, 67; orthotype Hyodon chrysopsis Rich. = Amphiodon alosoides Raf. A synonym of Amphiodon Raf. JORDAN, 1877 391 1210. JORDAN (1877). Catalogue of Fishes of Ohio. (In J. H. KHppart's /?<-^or/ of the Fish Commission of Ohio far 1S76. Appendix (1877). David Starr Jordan. Erichxta Jordan, 147; orthotype Pomotis incisor Cuv. & Val. A slip for Heliopebca due to uncorrected proof. A section under Lepomis. 1211. JORDAN & BRAYTON (1877). On Lagochila. a Xew Genus of Catoslo- moid Fishes. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.. 1877. 280-283. David Starr Jordan; Alemoert Winthrop Brayton (1849- ). Lagochila Jordan & Brayton, 280; orthotype L. lacera Jordan & Brayton. Name regarded as preoccupied by Lacocheilus; replaced by Quassilabia Jordan & Brayton. 1212. KESSLER (1877). The Arato-Casfian Exfcdilion. IV. Fishes of the Aralo-Casfio-P online Region. Trans. St. Petersburg Nat. Hist. Soc. Karl Theodorovich Kessler (1815-1881). Clupeonella Kessler, 187; orthotype C. grimmi Kessler. 1213. LEIDY (1877). Descriptions of Vertebrate Remains Chiefly from the Phosphate Beds of South Carolina. Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., VIII. Joseph Leidy. Mesobatis Leidy. 244; orthotype AiiTOBATis e.mmius Leidy (fossil). A synonym or honiolofjue of Aetobatus. Gryphodobatis Leidy, 249; orthotype G. uncus Leidy (fossil). Acrodobatis Leidy, 250; orthotype .\. serra Leidy (fossil). A homologue of GiNr.I.V.MOSTOMA M. & H. Xiphodolamia Leidy, 252; orthotype X. ensis Leidy (fossil). 1214 M.\LM (1877). Golcborgs och Bohusldns fauna. Ryggradsdjurcn. August Wilhelm Malm (1821-1882). £glefinus Malm, 481; orthotype Gadus ^glefinus L. ^ .^clefinus linn.€i Mahn. A synonym of Melanot.rammus Gill. Amblyraja Malm, 607; orthotype Raja radiata Donovan. Leucoraja Malm, 609; orthotype Raja fuux>nica L. 1215. MARSH (1877). Introduction and Succession of Vertebrate Life in America. Amcr. Journ. Sci., XIV. Othniel Charles Marsh. Heliobatis Marsh, 376; orthotype H. radians Marsh (fossil). Both names un- defined, hence becoming valid only when located by Woodward, 1889. A synonym of Xiphotrvgon Cope, 1879 (X. acutidens). 1216. PETERS (1877) Veber Epigonichthys cultellus, eine neuc Gattung und Art der Leplocardii. Monatsb. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1876 (1877), 322-327. Wilhelm (Carl Hartwig) Peters. Epigonichthys Peters, 322 ; orthotype E. cultellus Peters. 1217. PETERS (1877). Ueber cine merkwiirdige von Dr. Buchholz enldcckte neue Gatlung von Siissu'asserHschcn, Panlodon buchholii. etc. Monatsb Akad. Wi^v Berlin, 1876 (1877). 195-200. WiLiirLM (Cari. Hartwig) Peters. Pantodon Peters, 196; orthotype P. nucHHOLzi Peters. 392 THE GENERA OF FISHES, PART III 1218. PETERS (1877). (Fossil Fishes.) Preuss. Akad. WiLHELM (Carl Hartvvig) Peters. Hemitrichas Peters, 682; orthotype H. schisticola Peters (fossil). 1219. PROBST (1877). Beitrag zur Kennlniss der fossile Fische aus der Molasse von Baltringen. II. Jahr. Vercin. Vaterl. Naturk. Wiirttemberg. Josef Probst. Bates Probst, XXXIII, 88; logotype B. spectabilis Probst (fossil). Not Batis Bon.; an ally of Myliobatis. 1220. SAUVAGE (1877). Sur Ics Lcfidotus falUatus et Sphccrodus gigas. Bull. Soc. Geol. France. Henri £mile Sauvage. Eurystethus Sauvage, 629; ortliotype E. brongniarti Sauvage (fossil). Desmichthys Sauvage, 634; orthotype D. uaubrei Sauvage (fossil). 1221. TRAQUAIR (1877). On the Agassician Genera Auiblyt^terus, Palaoniscus, Gyrolepis and Pygoptcrus. Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., 1877, XXXIII, S48-S78. Ramsay Heatley Traquaib. Gonatodus Traquair, 5SS; logotype Amblypterus punctatus Ag. (fossil). Cosmoptychius Traquair, 553; orthotype C. striatus Traquair (fossil). A syno- nym of Elonichthys Giebel. Acentrophorus Traquair, 565; orthotype Pal.ecniscus varians Kirby (fossil). Rhadinichthys Traquair, 559; logotype Pal.eoniscus orn.»itissimus L. (fossil). 1222. TRAQUAIR (1877). Monograph on the Ganoid Fishes of the British Carboniferous Formations. I. Ramsay Heatley Traquair. Microconodus Traquair, 33; orthotype M. molyneum Traquair (fossil), name only. Quoted by Woodward, 1891. A synonym of Gonatoous. 1223. WJNTHER (1877). Om de danske fiske af stccgten Gobius. Nat. Tidskr. Kjobenhavn, XI. Georc Winther (1844-1879). Lebetus Winther, 49; orthotype Gobius scorpioides Collett. 1878. 1224. BARKAS (1878). On the Mieroscop-ieal Structure of Fossil Teeth from the Northumberland Coal Measures. Monthly Review of Dental Surgery, VII. Willia.m James Barkas Hybodopsis Barkas, 191; orthotype H. wardi Barkas (fossil). 1225. BLEEKER (1878). Sur deu.v espcccs incditcs de Cichlo'ides de Madagascar. Versl. Akad. Amsterdam (2), XII, 1878, 192-198. Pieter Bleeker. Paracara Eleekcr. 193 ; orthotype P. typus Bleeker. A synonym of Paratilapia Blkr. BLEEKER, 1878 393 1226. BLEEKER (1878). QuatrUme mimoire sur la faune ichthyologiqut de la Souielle-Cuiiu'e. Arch. Necrl. Sci. Nat. XIII, 1878, 35-66. PlETER BlEEKER. Bathygobius Bleckcr, 54; logotype Godius nebulopunctatus Cuv. & Val. Re- places Mapo Sniiit (G. sopoRATOR Cuv. & Val.). Sjrmphysanodon Bleckcr, 61 ; orthotype S. typus Blkr. 1227. BOSNIASKI (1878). Studii sui fcsci fossili del mioccno del Gabbro. Atti. Soc. Tosc. Sci. Nat. Pisa. S. DE BOSNIASKI. Acanthonemopsis Bosniaski, I, 19; orthotype A. capellinii Bosniaski (fossil). 1228. CASTELNAU (1878). Xolcs on the Fishes of the Norman River. Proc. Linn. Soc. New S. Wales, 1878. Ill, 41-51. Francis L. Castelnau Pseudoambassis Castelnau, 43 ; logotype P. macleayi Castelnau. Apparently a synonym of .Ambassis Cuv. Preoccupied by Pseudambassis Blkr. Acanthoperca Castelnau, 45 ; orthotype A. culliveri Castelnau. A synonym of .Ambassis. Gulliveria Castelnau, 45 ; logotype G. fusca Castelnau ^ Apogon aprion Rich. A synonym of Glossamia Gill. 1229. CASTELNAU (1878). On Se-.'eral Xeiv Australian (Chiefly) Fresh-water Fishes. Proc. Linn. Soc. New S. Wales, 1878, 140-144. Francis L. Castelnau. Aristeus Castelnau, 141; logotype A. fitzroyensis Castelnau. Name preoccupied; a synonym of Mei,anot.«nia Gill, 1862. Eumeda Castelnau, 143 ; orthotype E. elongata Castelnau. A synonym of Neosi- LLRL's Stcind. (not Neosilijius Castelnau). 1230. CASTELNAU (1878). Essay on the Ichthyology of Port Jackson. Proc. Linn. Soc. New S. Wales, 1878, III. 347-402. Francis Laporte Castelnau. Neoanthias Castelnau, 366; orthotype N. cuntheri Castelnau. A synonym of Caprodon T. & S. Agenor Castelnau, 371 ; orthotype .Acenor modestus Castelnau. A synonym of ScoRPis Cuv. & Val. Zeodrius Castelnau, 377; orthotype Z. vestitus Castelnau. A synonym of Goniis- Tius Gill (1862). 1231. COLLETT (1878). Fiske fra S'ordhavs-e.xf'editicincns sidste togt sommeren 1878. Forh. Vidensk. Sclsk. Christiania. 1878, XIV, 1-106. Robert Collett Rhodichthys Collctt, 99; orofholypc R. recina CoIIctt. Paraliparis Collctt. i2; orthotype P. batiiybii Collett. 1232. COPE (1878). Synofsis of the Fishes of the Peruvian A mason. Obtained by Prof. Orion During His Expeditions of 1873 and 1877. Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc, 1878, XVII, 673-701. Edward Drinker Cope. Epapterus Copc, XVII, 677; orthotype E. dispilurus Cope. 394 THE GENERA OF FISHES, PART III Chaenothorax Cope, 679; orthotype C. bicarinatus Cope. Potamorhina Cope, 685; orthotype Curimatus pristigaster Steind. Metynnis Cope, 693 ; orthotype M. luna Cope. Gastropterus Cope, 700; orthotype G. arch.eus Cope. A synonym of Basilich- THYS Girard ; name regarded as preoccupied by Gastropteron. 1233. COPE (1878). Descriptions of Fishes from the Cretaceous and Tertiary Deposits West of the Mississippi River. Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv., IV. Edward Drinker Cope. Triasnaspis Cope, 67; orthotype Leptotrachelus virgatulus Cope (.fossil). Ichthyotringa Cope, IV, 69; orthotype I. tenuirostris Cope (fossil). A synonym of Rhinellus Ag. 1234. CLARKE (1878). On Two New Fishes (Argyropelecus intermedins and Acgaonichthys appetti). Trans. Proc. New Zealand Instit., 1877 (1878), X, 243-246. F. E. Clarke. Aegaeonichthys Clarke, 245 ; orthotype A. appelti Clarke. 1235. DUBALEN (1878). Note sur un poisson iiial connu du bassin de I'Adour. Bull. Soc. Borda. Dax. Dubalen. Aturius Dubalen, 157; orthotype A. dufouri Dubalen = Cyprinus leuciscus L. A synonym of Leuciscus Cuv. 1236. GILL (1878). On a Remarkable Generic Type (Elopomorphus jordani). Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 1878, ser. 5, III, 112. Theodore Nicholas Gill. Elopomorphus Gill, 112; orthotype E. jordani Gill. 1237. GILL (1878). Note on the Antcnnariida. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., I, 22J. Theodore Gill. Sympterichthys Gill, 222; orthotype Lophius l.i;vis Lac. 1238. GILL (1878). Note on the Ceratiidtr. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., L Theodore Gill. Mancalias Gill, 227; orthotype Ceratias uranoscopus Murray. 1239. GILL (1878). Myxocyprinus Gill. Johnson's Cyclopaedia. Theodore Gill Myxocyprinus Gill, 1574; orthotype Cakpiodes asiaticus Blkr. 1240. GUNTHER (1878). Preliminary Notices of Dcep-Sea Fishes Collected During the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger. .'\nn. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. S, II, 17-28, 179-187, 248-251. Albert Guntiier. Bathydraco Gunther, 18; orthotype B. antarcticus Gthr. Melanonus Gunther, 19; orthotype M. gracilis Gthr. Bathynectes Gunther, 20; logotype B. laticeps Gthr. Typhlonus Gunther, 21 ; orthotype T. nasus Gthr. Aphyonus Giinthcr, 22; orthotype A. gelatinosus Gthr. Acanthonus Gunther, 23; orthotype A. armatus Gthr. Bathyophis Gunther, 181; orthotype B. ferox Gthr. HILGENDORF, 1878 * 395 Bathysaurus Gunthcr, 182; logotype B. ferox Gthr. Bathypterois Giinther, 183 ; logotype B. longifilis Gthr. Ipnops Gunthcr, 186; orthotype I. murrayi Gthr. Bathylagus Gunthcr, 2-18 ; logotype B. antarcticus Gthr. Bathytroctes Gunthcr, 249; logotype B. microleims Gthr. Platytroctes Gunthcr, 249; orthotype P. apus Gthr. Xenodermichthys Gunthcr, 250; orthotype X. nodulosus Gthr. Cyema Gunthcr, 251; orthotype C. atrum Gthr. 1241. HILGENDORF (1878). Ueber das yorkommen eim-r Brama-Art und einer Hfu.-H Fischgattuiig Centropholis aus dcr Nachbarschaft dcs Genus Brama in den jafanischen Meeren. Sitzb. Gcs. Naturf. l"rcunde Berlin, 1878, 1-2. Franz Martin Hil^endorf. Centropholis Hilgendorf, 1 ; orthotype C. petersi Hilgcndorf. 1242. HILGFNDORF (1878). Ueber einige neue jafanische Fischgattungen. Sitzb. Gcs. Naturf. Frcundc Berlin, 1878, 155-157. Franz Martin Hilgendorf Megaperca Hilgendorf, 155; orthotype M. ischinaci Hilgendorf. A synonym of Stereolepis Ayres. Liobagrus Hilgendorf, 155; orthotype L. reini Hilgendorf. 1243. JORDAN (1878). Manual of the Vertebrates of the Northern United States, Including the District East of the Mississit>fi River and North of North Caro- lina and Tennessee, Exclusive of Marine Species. 2d ed., 1-407. David Starr Jordan. Quassilabia Jordan & Brayton, 406; orthotype Lagochila lacera Jordan & Brayton. Substitute for Lagochila Jordan & Brayton, regarded as preoccupied by Lagocheilus, a genus of mollusks, Tauridea Jordan & Rice, 255 ; orthotype Cottus ricei Nelson. Prosopium (Milncr) Jordan, 261; orthotype Coregonus quadrilateralis Rich. The name Prosopium was proposed by James VV. Milncr of the U. S. Fish Commission in a Rez'ictc of the .-hnerican H'hilefishes, written in 1878, but left incomplete through the untimely death of the author. Ulocentra Jordan, 223; orthotype, Arlina atripinnis Jordan. Minytrema Jordan, 318; orthotype Catostomus melanops Raf. 1244. JORDAN & BRAYTON (1878). Contributions to North American Ichthy- ology, III. B. On the Distribution of the Fishes of the Allegany Region of South Carolina, Georgia, and Tennessee, lyilh Descriptions of AVtv or Little Known Species. Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1878, XII. 1-95. David Starr Jordan; Alembert Winthrop Brayton (1849- ). Hydrophlox Jordan, 18; orthotype Hydopsis rubricroceus Cope. Erogala Jordan & Brayton, 20; orthotype Photocenis sticmaturus Jordan. A section under Cvprinella Grd. Cristivomer Gill & Jordan, 69; orthotype Salmo namaycush Walbauni. loa Jiirilan & Brayton. 88; orthotype PtECiLicHTHVS vitreus Cope. Vaillantia Jordan, 89; orthotype Boleosoma camurum Forbes. 1245 JORDAN (1878). Report on the Collection of Fishes Made by Dr. Elliott Cnufs in Dakota and Montana, etc. Bull. U. S. Gcol. Surv.. IV David Starr Jordan. Couesius Jordan. 785; orthotype Nocomis milneri Jordan = Gobio pluubeus Ag. 396 THE GENERA OF FISHES, PART III Zophendum Jordan, 786; orthotype Hyborhynchus siderius Cope = Agosia CHRVSOGASTER Grd. A synonym of Agosia Grd. Chriope Jordan, 787; orthotype Hybopsis bifrenatus Cope. Symmetrurus Jordan, 788; orthotype Pogonichthys argyreiosus Grd., the young of P. IN^QUILOBUS Grd. A synonym of Pogonichthys. 1246. JORDAN (1878). Notes on a Collection of Fishes from the Rio Grande at Brownsville, Texas. Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr., 1878, IV, 397-406, 663-667. David Starr Jordan. (A few very young Embiotocoid fishes from San Francisco were unfortunately mixed with this collection and wrongly described as new.) Sema Jordan, 399; orthotype S. signifer Jordan; a larval form of Cymatog.^ster AGGREGATUS Gibbons. A synonym of Cymatogaster Gibbons. Dacentrus Jordan, 667 ; orthotype D. lucens Jordan ; the young of Hysterocarpus traski Gibbons. A synonym of Hysterocarpus Gibbons. 1247. JORDAN (1878). A Catalogue of Fishes of the Fresh Heaters of North America. Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr., 1878, IV., 407-442. David Starr Jordan. Chasmistes Jordan, 417; orthotype Chasmistes liorus Jordan, a species wrongly supposed to be the same as Catosto.mus fecundus Cope & Yarrow. 1248. JORDAN & GILBERT (1878). Notes on the Fishes of Beaufort Harbor, North Carolina. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., I. David Starr Jordan; Charles Henry Gilbert (1859- ). Chriolax Jordan & Gilbert, 374 ; orthotype Trigla evolans L. A synonym of Prionotus Lac. 1249. JORDAN (1878). (Notes on Fishes of Ohio.) Second Report Ohio Fish Commission ; John H. Klippart, Commissioner. David Starr Jordan. Mascalongus Jordan, 92 ; orthotype Esox masquinongy Mitchill = Eso.\ nobilior Thompson. 1250. KON'INCK (1878). Faune du calcaire carbonifcre de la Belgique; premiere partie. Ann. Mus. Roy. Hist. Nat. Belgique, 1878, II, 1-152. Laurent de Koninck. Benedenius (Traquair) Koninck, 14; orthotype B. deneensis Traquair (fossil). Name preoccupied, replaced by Beneuenichthys Traquair, 1890. Serratodus Koninck, 53; orthotype S. elegans Koninck (fossil). A synonym of Ctenoptychius Ag. Stichaeacanthus Koninck, 70; orthotype S. coemansi Koninck (fossil). 1251. MACLEAY (1878). Description of Some New Fishes from Port Jackson and King George's Sound. Proc. Linn. See. New S. Wales, 1878, III, 33-38. William Macleay. Isosillago Macleay, 34; orthotype I. maculata Macleay. A synonym of Sillagi- nodes Gill. 1252. NEWBERRY (1878). Descriptions of New Paleozoic Fishes. Ann N. Y. Acad. Sci., 1878, I, 188-192. John Strong Newberry. Diplurus Newberry, 127; orthotype D. longicaudatus Newberry (fossil). NEWTON, 1878 397 Diplognathus Newberry, 188; orthotype D. miradilis Newberry (fossil). Archiobatis Newberry, 190; orthotype A. ciCAS Newberry (fossil). 1253. NEWTON (1878). The Chimccroid Fishes of the British Cretaceous Strata. Mem. Gcol. Siirv. United Kingdom, 1878, Monograph IV, 1-50. Edwin Tulley Newton (1840- ). Elasmognathus Newton, 43; orthotype E. willettii Newton (fossil). Name pre- occupied in He.miptera, replaced by Elasmodectes Newton, 1888. 1254. SAUVAGE (1878). Note sur quelques Cyfrinidce et Cobitince d'esfices inedites. proienani des catix douccs de la Chine. Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris, VII. scr. 2, 86-90 Henri £mile Sauvace. Agenigobio Sauvage, 87 ; orthotype A. hai,soneti Sauvage. Crossostoma Sauvage, 89; orthotype C. davidi Sauvage. Paramisgurnus Sauvage, 90; orthotype P. dabryanus Sauvage. 1255. S.-\U\'.\GE (1878). Xole sur quelques poissons d'espices nouvelles prove- nant des eaux douces de I'Indo-Chine. Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris, 1878, VII, ser. 2, 233-242. Henri £mile Sauvage. Cosmochilus Sauvage, 240; orthotype C. harmandi Sauvage. 1256 S.AUVAGE (1878). Description de poissoits nouvelles ou imparfailemeni connus, etc. Nouv. Arch. Miis. Nat. Hist. Paris, II. Henri Emile Sauvage. Pseudosebastes Sauvage, 115; orthotype Sedastes bougainvillei Cuv. & Val. Eusebastes Sauvage, 115; orthotype Sebastes septentrionalis Gaimard. A syno- nym of Sebastes Cuv. Elaphocottus Sauvage. 142; logotype Corrus pistiixicer Pallas. A synonym of Gymnocanthus Sw. 1257. STEINDACHNER (1878). IchlhyoloRische Beitrdge. VII. Sitzb. Akad. Wiss. Wien. 1878 (1879), LXXVIII. 1. Abth., 377-400. Franz Stsindachner. Neomyxus Stcindachner, 384; orthotype Mv.\us sclateri Steind. Leptobrama Steindachncr, 388; orthotype L. muelleri Steind. Cratinus Stcindachner, 395 ; orthotype C. acassizi Steind. 1258. STREETS (1878). Contributions to the Natural History of the Hawaiian and Fanning Islands and Lower California. Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1878, VII, 43-102. Thomas Hale Streets (1847- ). Sebastapistes (Gill) Streets, 62; orthotype Sebastes stroncia Cuv. & Val. 1259 VAH.LANT & BOCOURT (1878). Etudes sur les poissons. Mission Scientifique au Mexique, etc., IV. L^N Louis Vaillant; Firmin Bocoubt. Itaiara Vaillant & Bocourt, 67; orthotype Serranus itaiara Lichtenstein = Pcrca GUTTATA L. A synonym of Promicrops Poey. 1260 WINKLER (1878). Mtmoire sur quelques restes de poissons du systhnt httrsitn. Arch. Mus. Teyler Haarlem, IV. Tiberius Cornelius Winkler. 398 THE GENERA OF FISHES, PART III Cycloides Winkler, 3; orthotype C. incisus Winkler (fossil). A fragment perhaps not of a fish. Trigonodus Winkler, 14; orthotype Squatina prima Noetling (fossil). A syno- nym of Thaumas Miinster. 1261. WINKLER (1878). Deuxieme Memoire sur les dents de poissons fossiles du terrain bru.xellien. Arch. Mus. Teyler Haarlem. Tiberius Cornelius Winkler. Trichiurides Winkler. 31; orthotype T. sagittidens Winkler (fossil). 1879. 1262. BASSANI (1879). VorlduAge Mittheilungen iiber die (fossil) Fischfaune der Inset Lesina. Verh. Geol. Reichsanst. Wien, 1879, 162-170. Francesco Bassani. Aphanepygus Bassani, 162; Orthotype A. elegans Bassani (fossil). A synonym of Pet.\loptervx Pictet. Prochanos Bassani, 165; orthotype P. rectifrons Bassani (fossil). Hemielopopsis Bassani, 166; orthotype H. suessi Bassani (fossil). An extinct homologue of Histialosa. 1263. BEAN (1879). Description of Some Genera and Species of Alaskan Fishes. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., II. Tarleton Hoffman Bean (1846-1918.) Melletes Bean, 354; orthotype M. papilio Bean. Dallia Bean, 358; orthotype D. pectoralis Bean. 1264. BLEEKER (1879). Memoire sur les poissons a pharyngiens labyrinihiformes de I'liide arcliipelagique. Verh. .Xkad. Amsterdam, XIX, 1879, 1-56. Pieter Bleeker. Pseudosphromenus Bleeker, 2; orthotype Osphromenus opercularis Blkr. Parosphromenus Bleeker, 20; orthotype P. deissneri Blkr. 1265. BLEEKER (1879). Revision des espdces insulindiennes de la famillc des Cal- lionymoides. Versl. Akad. Amsterdam (2), XIV, 1879, 79-107. Pieter Bleeker. Eleutherochir Bleeker 103 ; orthotype E. opercularioides Blkr. 1266. BLEEKER (1879). Sur quclques cspcces incditcs ou peu connues de poissons de Chine appartenant au Museum de Hambourg. Verh. .^kad. Amsterdam XVIII, 1879, 1-17. PisTER Bleeker. Hemiglyphidodon Bleeker, 8 ; orthotype H. plagiometopon Blkr. 1267. BLEEKER (1879). £numerdlion des especes de poissons aclucllement con- nues du Japan et description de trois espdces inedites. Verh. Akad. Amster- dam, XVIII, 1879, 1-33. Pieter Bleeker. Lepidorhynchus Bleeker, 21 ; orthotype L. villosus Blkr. CAMPBELL, 1879 399 1268 CAMPBELL (1879). On a Xrw Fish (Discus aunus). Trans. Proc. New Zeal. Instil., XI, 297-298. VV. D. Campbell. Discus Campbell, 298; orthotypc D. aureus Campbell. 1269. C.\STELNAU (1879). On a New Ganoid Fish from Queensland. Proc. Linn. Soc. New S. Wales, 1878f, HI, 164-165. Francis L. Castelnau. Ompax Castelnau, 165 ; orthotypc O. spatuloides Castelnau. This species is based on a drawing, probably a rough representation of Epiceratodus Teller. Maclcay doubts the actual existence of the genus or species. 1270 CASTELNAU (1879). On Snrral Xew Australian Fresh-water Fishes. Proc. Linn. Soc, III. Francis L. Castelnau. Aristeus Castelnau, 141 ; orthotypc A. fitzroyensis Castelnau. Preoccupied in Crustacea; replaced by Rho.mbatractus Gill. .\ synonym of Melanot.enia Gill. 1271 COLLETT (1879). On a New Fish of the Genus Lycodes from the Pacific. Proc. Zool. Soc. London. Robert Collett. Lycodopsis Collett, 386; orthotypc Lvcodes pacificus Collett (issued .\ugust 1. 1879). Same as Leurynnis Lockington (March 25, 1880). 1272. COPE (1879). A Sting Ray (Xipholrygon acutidens) from the Green River Shales of Wyoming. Amer. Natural., 1879. XIII, Hi. Edward Drinker Cope. Xiphotrygon Cope. Hi: orthotypc X. acutidens Cope (fossil). 1273. DAVIS (1879). Soles on Pleurodiis . . . and . . Three S fines of Ces tracionts from the Loit-'cr Coal Measures. Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc, XXXV. James William Davis. Phricacanthus Davis. 186; orthotypc P. biserialis Davis (fossil). Probably a synonym of Oracanthus Ag. 1274. D.\ VIS (1879). On Ostracacanthii.i .. a Fossil Fish from the Coal Meas- ures Southeast of Halifax, Yorkshire. Reprint Rrit. Assn. .^dv. Sci., 1879. Jamfs William Davis. Ostracacanthus Davis. 343 ; orthotypc O. dilatatus Davis. 127S GILL (1879) (Rhombatraetus.) Amer. Naturl., 1879. Theodore Gill. Rhombatraetus Gill, 709; orthotypc Aristeus fitzroyensis Castelnau. Siihstilute I'lr .\msTEUS Castelnau. preoccupied. .\ synonym of Melanot-enia Gill, 1862. 1276 GOODE & BEAN (1879). A Preliminary Catalogue of the Fishes of the St. Johns River and the East Coast of Florida . . . Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus.. II. George Brown Goode; Tarleton Hoffman Bean. Jordanella Goodc St Bean. 117; orthotypc J. florid* Goode & Bean. 400 THE GENERA OF FISHES, PART HI 1277. GOODE & BEAN (1879). Description of a New Genus and Species of Fish, LopholatUus chamaleonticeps, from the South Coast of New England. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., II, 205-209. George Brown Goode; Tarleton Hoffm.\n Bean. Lopholatilus Goode & Bean, 205 ; orthotype L. cha.m.4:leonticeps Goode & Bean. 1278. JORDAN (1879). Description of New Species of North American Fishes. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., II, 235-241. David Starr Jordan Xiphister Jordan, 241 ; orthotype Xiphidion mucosum Grd. A substitute for XiPiiiDioN Grd., regarded as preoccupied by Xiphidium, a genus of grass- hopper. 1279. JORDAN (1879). Note on a Collection of Fishes Obtained in the Streams of Guanajuato and in Chapala Lake, Mexico, by Prof. A. Duges. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., II, 299-301. David Starr Jordan. Goodea Jordan, 299; orthotype G. atripinnis Jordan. 1280. GORJANOVIC-KRAMBERCJER (1879). Beitrdge zur Kennlniss der fos- silen Fische der Karpathen. Palxontographica, XXVI. Dracutin Gorj.anovic-Krambercer. Megalolepis Kramberger. 61; orthotype M. cashcensis Kramberger (fossil). 1281. KESSLER (1879). Beitrdge zur Ichthyologie von Central- Asien. Bull. Acad. Sci. St. Peter:,b., 1879, XXV, 282-310. Karl Theodorovich Kessler. Aspiorhynchus Kessler, 289; orthotype, A. prezwalskii Kessler. 1282. LOCKINGTON (1879). Description of New Genera and Species of Fishes from the Coast of California. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., II, 326-332. William Neale Lockington (1842-1902). Leurynnis Lockington, 326; orthotype Leurvnnis paucidens Lockington (male of Lycodopsis pacificus Collctt) (issued March 25, 1880). A synonym of Lyco- nopsi.s Collett (Aug. 1, 1879). Odontopyxis Lockington. 326 ; orthotype O. trispinosus Lockington. 1283. LOCKINGTON (1879). On a Nexv Genus of Scombridcc. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1879, 133-136. William Neale Lockington. Chriomitra Lockington, 133 ; orthotype C. concolor Lockington. A synonym of SCOMBEROMQRUS Lac. 1284. SAUVAGE (1879). Notice sur la faunc ichthyologiquc dc I'Ogooue. Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris, ser. 7, III, 90-103. Henri Bmile Sauvage. Micracanthus Sauvage, 95; orthotype M. marchii Sauvage. Name preoccupied by MicROCANTiius (Micracanthus) Sw. (1839). Being apparently a valid genus, the name has been replaced by Oshimia Jordan, 1919, in honor of Masamitsu Oshima. SAUVAGE, 1879 401 Doumea Sauvagc, 96; orthotypc D. typica Sauvage. Atopochilus Sauvage, 96; orthotypc A. savorgnani Sauvage. 1285. S.MJVAGE (1879). Description de gobioides twuvcaux ou feu connus de la colleclion du Museum d'Hisloire Xaturcllc. Bull. Sci. Philom. Paris. Menri E.mile Sauvage. Giuris Sauvagc, IS; logotype G« vanicolensis Sauvage (no generic diagnosis), near HVPSELEOTRIS Gill. 1286. SAUVAGE (1879). (UranoflosusJ Bull. Soc. Yonnc, XXXIII. Henri £mile Sauvage. Uranoplosus Sauvage, 47; orthotypc U. ctmEAUi Sauvage (fossil). Cosmodus Sauvagc, 48; orthotypc C. cra.ndis Sauvage (specific name preoccupied) = CiELODUS MAJOR Woodward. May replace C. Helodopsis WaaRcn, I. 14; loRotypc H. elongnta Waagcn (fossil). Thaumatacanthus Waagcn. I, 78; orthotypc T. iii.anfordi Waagcn (fossil). 1880. 1291. BLEEKER (1880). Musei llamburgensis species piscium nov. 314 Latninculodcs, 379 Latninculits. 307 I^iubiici. 288 Lcbctus, 392 Lcbisles, 301 Lecracanthus, 381 Lcfroyia, s, 375 Lciarius, 312 Lciodus. 380 Lciolcpis, s, 369 Lciosynodontis. j, 311 Leius. s, 338 Lcinbus. s, 291 Ltntipcs. 307 Lcpidamia, 323 Lcpidaplois, 314, 325 Lcpidoblenniiis Stcind., 348 Lepidoblcnnius Sauvage, s. 376 Lepidocephalichthys, 322 Lcpidocha-todon. 383 Lcpidocottus, 380 Lcpidocybium, 314 Lcpidomcda, 375 Lepidomegas, s, 406 Lepidopsetta Gill, 317, 331 Lcpiriopsctta Gthr.. 403 Lepidorhombus, 319 Lcpidorhynchus. 398 Lepidosoma. s, 407 Lepidotrigla. 296 Lcpidozygus, 318 Lcporcllus. 376, 410 Lcpr.icanthus. 355 Ltptagonus, 305 Lcptarius. s, 324 Leptccheneis, s, 330 Lcptobarbus, 288. 321 Lcptoblcnnius, 295, 302 Lcptobotia, 355 Lcptobrama, 397 Lcptocarcharias, s, 357 Lcptochclcs, s, 408 Lcptocbroniis, 382 Lcptoclinus. 302 Lcplogadus. d, 325 Lcptogastcr, 362 Lcptogobiiis, 373, 377 Lcptograinmatolcpis, s, 349. 350 Lcptojulis, 309 Lcptolcpis, 345 Lcptomylus, 354 THE GENERA OF FISHES, PART III Leptopegasus, 367 Leptoperca, 306 Leptophidium, 324 Leptopterygius, 300 Leptoscopus, 290 Leptosomus, 328 Leptosynanceia, 374 Leptotrachelus, 328 Lepturus, 302 Leucichtliys, 375 Leucopsarion, 403 Leucoraja, 391 Leuresthes, 403 Lenrynnis, s, 400 Liachirus, 319 Limia, 308 Limniirgus, s, 340 Linophora, 297 Liobagrus, 395 LiocKsio, 382 Liodesmus, 329 Liognatlius, s, 371 Liomonacanthus, s, 340 Lioperca. s, 315 Liopropoma, 304 Liopsetta, 331 Liosaccus, 357 Lioscorpius, 403 Liposarcus, 332 Lisgodus, 380 Lissorhynclnis, s, 287 Listracanthus, 359 Lithichthys, 356 Lithodoras, s, 311 Lobodus Ag., 320 Lobodus Costa, 340 Loiichopisthiis, 316 Lophacanthiis, J, 406 LophioRobiiis, 369 Lophinpsidcs, 345 Lophiosilurus, 387 Lophodiis Symonds, 309 Lnphodiis Romanowsky, s, 334 Lophodus Newberry & Worthen, s. 359 Lophogoliiiis, 316 Lopholatiliis, 400 Lophonectcs, 403 Lophoprionolepis, d, 350 Lophopsetta, 303, 331 Loricariichthys, 311 Lucania, 290 Lucifuga, 298 Luciobrama, 355 Luciocharax, s, 401 Luciogobius, 290 Luciotrutta, 340 Lutkenia, s, 387 Lycengraulis, 351 Lycichtbys, 389 Lycocyprinus, 353 Lycodalepis, 372 Lycodopsis, 399 Lycothrissa, 351 Lyricbthys, 370 Lythrurus, 386 MacbKrochilus, s, 369 Machairodus, s, 409 Machephikis, s, 346 Macolor, 294 Macrocephalus, s, 383 Macrochirichthys, 288 Macrodonophis, s, 347 Macrolepis, 327 Macronototben, 306 Macropbaryngodon, 309 Macrorbipis, s, 329 Macrozoarces, 325 Macruronus, 365 Macuropkis, 372 Msenas, s, 382 Msenicbtbys, s, 383 Malacobagrus, 312 Malacocentrus, 314 Malacocepbalus, 318 Malacoctenus, 295 Malacorbina, 389 Mancalias, 394 Marcusenius, 314 Marracantbus, 381 Mascalongus, 396 Maynea, 361 Mayoa, 354 Megagobio, 386 Megalobrama, 364 Megalobrycon, ,r, 354 Megalocottus, 305 Megalolepis, 400 Megalopterus, 341 Megaperca, s, 395 Mcgapus, s, 339 Megarasbora, 351 Melambapbes, 326 Melamphaes, 333 Melanocetus, 333 Melanogenes, 321 Melanogranimus, 316 Melanonus, 394 Melanotaenia, 316 Melletes, 398 Menephorus, 362 Menticirrhus, 304 Mentiperca, 315 Mesobatis, 391 Mesodmodus, 380 Mesogobiiis, 373 Mesogompbus, s, 320 Mesogonistius, 332 Mesolepis, 344 Mesonauta, 318 Mesopristes, s, 382 Mesops, 318 Mesopus, s, 313 Mesturus, 321 Metoponops, j, 331 Metrogaster, s, 300 Metynnis, 394 Micracahthiis, s, 400 Micraspius, 354 Micristius, s, 337 Micristodus, j, 337 Microbuglossiis, 319 Microcoelia, 328 Microconodus, s. 392 Microdesmus, 333 Microdus, s, 292 Microgadus, 337 Microgobius, 379 Microgrammatolepis, s, 350 Microk'pidotus, 316 Microniesistius, 325 Microniesus, 337 Micronnigil, s, 307 Micropcrca Putnam, 328 Microperca Cistclnau, s, 362 Micropctalolepis, s, 349 Micropus, s, 352 Microsicydium, 373 Microspatbodon, d, 318 Microtrigla, 369 INDEX Microzcus, 294 Mimoperca, s. 390 Minytrema. 395 Mionorus. d, 346 Mioplosus, 388 Mirbelia, 329 Mitrodus, s, 347 Mixogrammaiolcpis, s, 350 Mogurnda, 326 Moharra, d, 379 Monolenc, 403 Monoplcurodus, s, 409 Monoprion, 298 Morara, s, 287 Mormyrodcs. 314 Moronopsis, s. 324 Mrigala, s, 287 Mullhypencus. 347 Murmolcpis, 403 Murrayia, s, 362 Mycteroperca, 315 Mylax. s. 320 Myledaphus, 385 Mylocyprinus, 359 Myloleiicus Cope, s, 363 Mylolcucus Gtlir., s, 369 MylopharynRodon, 404 Mylorhina, 337 Myrichthys. 290 Myriolcpis Epcrton. 330 Myriolcpis Lockington, s, 404 Myriostcon, s. 332 Myrocongcr, 357 Mystacolcucus, 351 Myxinc, 406 Myxocyprinus, 394 MyxodaRnus, 305 Myxus. 307 Myzopsctta. /, 303, 331 N'andopsis, 315 Nanis'ra, 385 Nann.Tthiops, 361 Nannocampiis, 357 Nannocliarax. 345 Nannopcrca. 307 Nanno^tomus. 365 N'anostoma, 390 N'arcacion, d. 303, 340 Naucratopsis. 317 N'autichthys, 290 Kavarchus, s, 289 Nealotus, 338 Nectroplus, 341 Nemacanthus, s. 327 Nematagnus, 305 Kematistius, 316 Ncmatobrotula. 325 Ncmatoccntris, s, 342 N'cmatops, 403 Nematoptycliiiis, 382 Nemochirus, s, 407 Neoanthias, s, 393 Neoarius, 388 Ncoatlierina. s, 378 N^eoblennius, 378 Neocarassius, 363 Ncoceratodiis, d, 384 Neochaetodon, s, 368 Neochanna, 345 Neocirrhites, s, 368 Neocongcr, 291 Neoguncllus, s. 378 Neolabrus, 381 Neolcthrinus, 378 Xcoliparis, 381 Xcomxnis, 291 Neomcsoprion, s, 378 Ncomordacia, s, 363 Kcomurxna, s, 291 Xeomyripristis, 367 N'cDmyxus, 397 N'coniphon, 378 Neoodax, s, 378 Xeoplirynichthys, 385 Ncoplatyccphnliis, 362 Ncoplotosus, 378 Ncorhombus, 378 Ncoscopchis, s, 378 N'coscbastcs. 345 Ncosillago. 378 N'cosihiriis Steind., 348 Ncosiliirus Castclnau, s, 388 Ncospbyr.ma, s, 362 N'cosudis. 368 Ncotcphr.Tops. s. 362 Ncptomcniu, 297 VcotryRon, 368 Ncozoarces, 406 N'csiarchus, 319 I Notarius. 324 I N'othobranchius, 353 I Nothonotus, 328 j Notoglanis, 332 Kotograptus, 345 N'otopbthalnius, s, 292 Xotoscopclus, 333 ' Novaciilicbthys, 309 i Ochetobiiis, 351 j Ochlodus, s, 347 Octinaspis, 377 Octogrammus, s, 372 Octonema, s, 352 Ocyurus, 315 Odontamblyopus, 374 Odontanthias, 367 Odonteleotris, 326 Odontobutis, 372 Odontogadus, 325 Odontogobius, 374 Odontolabrax, 367 Odontoncctcs, 291 Odontopyxis, 400 Odontoscion, 313, 315 Odontostilbc, 356 Oenoscopus, s, 330 Oligobclus, 356 Oligoccphaliis, 290 Oligolepis, 373 Oligopjitcs, 324 Oligorus, 291 Oligosarcus, 333 Oinaloplcunis, s, 368 Ompax, d, 399 Onchosaiinis 408 Oncobatis, 362 Oncocottus, 302, 313 Oncoptcrus, 381 Oncorbynchus, 299 Onciroides, 362 Onycbodon, s, 364 Onychognalbiis, 343 Oolcpis, s, 350 Ophioblcniiiiis. 296 Ophiocara, 326 Ophincliniis, 363 Ophiogobiiis. 326 Opbioscion, 324 Ophthalmo'cpis. 300 Opbthalmolopbns, 296 Opistbistivis, 316 Opisthoccntrus, 352 THE GENERA OF FISHES, PART HI Opisthonema, 303 Opisthopterus, 303 Opisthopteryx, 342 Opistocheilus, s, 287 Oplopomus, 299 Opsaridium, s, 351, 409 Opsariichthys, 322 Opsarius, s, 338 Opsopoeodus, 403 Orcynopsis, 314 Oreias, s, 376 Oreonectes, 351 Orfus, s, 369 Oricardinus, 388 Orthichthys, 315 Orthodon, s, 295 Orthognathus, j, 366 Orthopleurodus, s, 405 Orthopristis, 291 Orthopsetta, 317 Orthostxchus, 316 Orthostomus, 352, 373 Orthurus, 341 Orycnus Gill, s, 315 Orycnus Cooper, s, 323 Osmerolepis, 379 Osphyolax, s, 379 Osteochilus, 351 Osteorachis, 349 Ostracacanthus, 399 Otlios, 378 Otocinclus, 363 Owsianka, s, 313 Oxych^etodon, 383 Oxycheilinus, 315 Oxyconger, 335 Oxyeleotris, 372 Oxyjulis, 325 Oxylabrax, s, 382 Oxylcbius, 316 Oxyloricaria, 311 Oxymacrurus, 372 Oxymctopon, 300, 373 Oxymonacanthus, 340 Oxymormyrus, 372 Oxyporliampus, 326 Oxytomodus, 406 Oxyiiriclithys, 294 Pachychilon, 343 Pachymctopon, 291 Pachypops, 304 Pachystetus, s, 376 Pagrichthys, 293 Palaedaphus, 329 Palaenichthys, s, 370 Palaeobrosraius, s, 292 Palasogadus, s, 292 Palaeolycus, 327 Pateoscyllium, s, 298 Palasospinax, 365 Palanarrhichas, 361 Palimphemus, 319 Palinurichthys Bleeker, 288 Palinurichthys Gill, s, 295, 302 Paltodus, 409 Pammelas, s, 297 Panchax, s, 407 Pangio, s, 294 Pantodon, 391 Pantosteus, 384 Pappichthys, 368 Parabagrus, 312 Parabalistes, 340 Parabatrachus, 408 Parabenibras, 372 Parabramis, 335 Paracxsio, 378 Paracara, s, 392 Paracanthobrama, 335 Paracentropogon, d, 384 Paracentropristes, 358 Paracetopsis, 312 Parachaetodon, 372 Parach.ieturichthys, 374 Paracheilognathus, 322 Paracirrhites, s, 378 Paracobitis, 322 Paraconodon, 382 Paradanio, s, 337 Paradentcx, s, 382 Paradiodon, s, 336 Paradiplomystax, s, 332 Paradiplomystes, 312 Paradules Blkr., s, 322 Paradiilcs Klunzinger, s 366 Paraglyphidodon, 384 Paragobiodon, 367, 373 Paragoniates, 387 Paragoniis Gill, 305 Paragonus Guichenot, 353 Parahemiodon, 311 Parajulis, 335 Paralaubuca, 335 Paraleuciscus, 406 Paraliparis, 393 Paralonchurus, 354 Paralosa, 362 Paraluteres, 340 Paralycodes, 372 Paramacrurus, 372 Parambassis, 374 Paramia, 322 Paramisgurnus, 397 Paramonacanthus Blkr., 340 Paramonacanthus Steind., 348 Paramyrus, 357 Paranandus, s, 336 Parancistrus, 311 Paranguilla, 335 Paranthias, 352 Parapegasus, 357 Paraperca, 380 Parapercis, 322 Paraphoxinus, s, 322 Paraplagusia, 336 Paraplesichtliys, s, 383 Paraplesiops, 378, 383 Paraploactis, 335, 384 Parapocryptes, 374 Parapomacentrus, 387 Parapriafanthus 360 Parapristipoma, 367 Parapsettus, 381 Parapterois, 384 Pararbychobdella, 372 Paraschizothorax, 322 Parascopelus, 371 Parascorpiena, 384 Parascorpis, 377 Parascyllium, 306 Parasilurus, 310 Parastromateus, ,!■, 336 Paratilapia, 348 Paratractus, 317 Paratrygon, 337 Paratylognathus, 405 Parauchcniptcrus, s, 311 Pardachirus, 319 INDEX XI Parephippiis, s, 305 Parcques, 385 Parequula Stciiid., 401 Parcquula S.iiivagc, i, 406 Parctroplus. 348 Parc.xoca-tus. 340 Parioliiis, 363 Paristioptcrus, 382 Parma. 318 Parosphromcnus, 398 Paroxyuriclithys. 384 Parupcncus, s, 322 Pcgusa. 319 Pclamichthys, s. 402 Pclccoptcriis, s, 379 Pclccorapis, 375 Pcletrophus, 333 Pcllonula, 351 Pcltcobagrus, 335 Pcltodus, s. 359 Pcltoplcurus, 341 Pcltorhamplius, 319 Pclycorapis, 388 Pcmpherichthys, s, 361 Pentanemus. 296 Pcntaroge, 296 Peplorhina, 368 Pcrcalabrax, d, 291 Pcrcamia, 382 Pcrccottus, 389 Pcrcosoma, 304 PcrigrammaKlcpis, s, 349 Pcriophthalmodon. s, 374 Pcriplcclrodus, 380 Pcripristis, s, 359 Pcristcthus, s, 292 Pctalodopsis, d, 372 Pctalolcpis, s, 350 Pctalorliynchiis, 320 Pctenia. 318 Pctroccphalus, 334 Pctrotnetopon, 337 Phacodus, s, 354 Plixthoniclilhys, s, 382 Pliago. 337 Phagrus, 334 Phancrnplciiron. 287 Pharcodiis. 370 Pliaryngodopilus, s, 329 Phcnacobius, 344 Phccbodus. 3fi0 Phosicbthys, 366 Pbotogcnis, 344 Phricacanthus, s, 399 Phrynorhombus, 319 Plithcirichlbys, 316 Physonemus. 407 Physopyxis, 363 Piabina, 343 Pikca, 377 Pimclodina, 387 Pimelomctopon, 330 Pimelotropis, s, 289 (mis- printed on page 289) Pirarara, 312 Placopharynx, 356 Plagiognatbus, s, 364 Plagioscion, 304 Plagiotremus, 323 Plagopterus, 375 Plagyodiis, d, 345 Platacantluis Day, s, 337 Platacantbus McCoy. 408 Platycerhynchus. d, 330 Platychaerops. 4C4 Platydoras, s, 311 Platyglossus. 309 Platygobio, 323 Platygobiiis. 373 Platyinius, 315 Platyodus. 379 Platypodon. 306. 331 PlatypoEcilus. 341 Platyrhinoidis. 402 Platysiagum, 365 Platysomaticlitbys, s, 310 Platystclhus. s. 296 Platystomatichthys, 312 Platytrocfcs. 395 Plectranthias, 367 Plcctroperca. s. 339 Plcclroplitcs. 315 PIcctrypops, 315 PIcsiodus. 329 Plesiopcrca. s, 371 Plithodeclcs. 356 , PIcurarroniylon. s, 330 ! Plciiranacanthus, s, 336 j Picurodiis. d. 366 I PIcurogomphiis, 320 1 Plcurogrammus. 305 Plcurolepis. i. 328 Plicodus, 377 Plintbicus, 354 Plinlhoiepis, 334 Plinthopliorus, 333 Pncumatosteus, 356 Podoptcryx, 406 Podothccus. 304 Pcccilocongcr, 361 Pa-cilodes, s. 328 Pa-cilopsetta, 403 Pogonelcotris. 377 Pogonopcrca, 291 Polistoncnius, 305 Polyacanthonotus, 372 Polycaiilus, 296 Polycirrhus, s, 354 Polyplacodus, s, 298 Polyprosopus, s, 313 Polypterolepis, s, 350 Polystcgamis. 358 Pomacanthodcs, 316 Pomataprion, s, 324 Poinatomiclithys, s, 402 Pomatopsctta, s, 331 Poniatoschistiis, d, 325 Pont inns, 299 Porobronchus, s, 297 Porocottus. 290 Porogobius. 373 Poronotits, 302, 314 Portheus. d, 364 Potamocotms, s, 307 Potamorhina. 394 Potaniorrbaphis, 340 Potamotrygon, 389 Priacanthichtliys, 349 Priodonopbis, 297 Priolcpis, 373 Prioniodus. 409 Prionobutis, 372 Prionognalbus, 409 Prionolcpis. 350 Priscacara, 388 Pristiapogon. 358 Pristiodon, 389 Pristocantbanis, 316 Proaniblys. 315 Probarbus. 405 Prochanos. 398 Prognathodcs, 316 Prognathodiis. 365 Xll THE GENERA OF FISHES, PART IH Prolatilus, 337 Prolebias, 376 Promicrops, 353 Promicropterus, 302 Pronotogramnius, 323 Properca, 405 Propoma, 403 Prosopium, 395 Prospinus, s, 308 Prostheacanthus, s, 294 Protamia, 370 Protautoga, 370 Proteracanthus, 291 Protistius, 375 Protocampus, 357 Protogaleus, s, 298 Protoporus, s, 363 Protosyngnathus, 386 Prototroctes, 333 Prymnetes, 360 Psalidostoma, 338 Psammobatis, 357 Psammodiscus, 319 Psenopsis, 314 Psephodus, 320 Psephurus, 369 Pseudacanthicus, s, 311 Pseudalutarius, 336 Pseudakiteres, s, 340 Pseudambassis, 383 Pseudamia, 336 Pseudancistriis, 311 Pseudageneiosus, 312 Pseudanthias, 367 Pseudapocryptes, 374 Pseudariodes, 312 Pseudarius, s, 311 Pseudaspius, 354 Pseudaucheniptenis, 311 Pseudecbeneis, 294 Pseudechidna, 322 Pseiidclcginus, 371 Psciidctroplus, 318 Pscudciitropius, 310 Pseudoambassis, s, 393 Pseudobagricbthys, 312 Pseudobagrus, 293 Pseudobalistcs, 340 Pseudobatrachiis, 378 Pseudoberyx. 342 Pseudobrama. 355 Pseudocalophysus, s, 312 Pseudocetopsis, 311 Pseudochalceus, 327 Pseudocheilinus, 309 Pseudocoris, 309 Pseudoculter, 288 Pseudodax, 3C0 Pseudodon, s, 376 Pseudogobio, 287 Pseudogobiodon, 373 Pseudogramnia, 378 Pseudoheniiodon, 311 Pseudohypophthalmus, s, 312 Pseudojulis, 309 Pseudolabrus, 309 Pseudolates, j, 387 Pseudolaubuca, 335 Pseudoloricaria, 311 Pseudomonacanthus, 340 Pseudomoringua, 335 Pseudomugil, 334, 338 Pseudomursena, s, 319 Pseudopangasius, 310 Pseudopentaceros, 382 Pseudopcrilampus, 322 Pseudophoxinus, 288 Pseudophycis, 318 Pseudopimelodus, 322 Pseudoplatystoma, 312 Pseiidopleuronectes, 310 Pseiidopriacantlnis, 353 Pseudopristipoma, 405 Pseudopterus, s, 384 Pseudorasbora, 288 Pseudorhamdia, s, 310 Pseudorhombus, 310 Pseudorinelcpis, 311 Pseudoscarus, 300 Pscudoscisna, s, 321 Pseudosebastcs, 397 Pscudoserraniis, s, 358 Pseudosphronicnus, 398 Pseudosynanceia, 379 Psciidosyngnathiis, 327 Pscudosynodontis, 311 Pseiidotracbiniis, 301, 309 Psciidotbrissops, s. 381 Psciidotnlitbiis, 321 Pscudotriakis, 349 Pseudovomer, 359 Pseudoxiphophorus, 287 Pseudupeiieus, d, 310 Psychrolutes, 307 Psygmatolepis, s, 350 Ptereleotris, 326 Pterengraulis, 351 Ptericephalina, 338 Pterichtbyodes, 289 Pteridium, s, 289 Pternodus, s, 347 Pterocaesio, 382 Pterocryptis, 308 Pterodoras, s, 311 Pterognathus, 290 Pterogobius, 326 Pterogrammatolepis, s, 350 Pteroidichthys, 384 Pteronemus, 383 Pterophryne, s, 324 Pteropsarion, 351 Pterothrissus, 390 Pterygopterus, s, 346 Ptychobarbus, 343 Ptycbocliromis, 406 Ptycholepis, s, 350 Ptyonodus, s, 388 Ptyonotus, s, 296 Puntazzo, 383 Pygosteus, 302 Pythonichthys, 347 Quassilabia. d, 395 Rasbora, 288 Rasboricbtbys, 288 Reinhardtiiis, 302 Remilegia, 316 Remora, 316 Remoropsis, 324 Reniceps, 306 Retropinna, 313 Rhabdofnrio, 356 Rbabdolcpis, s, 327 Rbadinichtbys, 392 R]ianipliobatis, s, 307 Rhamphoberyx, s, 324 Rhampbocottus, 375 Rhampbostcrnarchus, s, 357 Rbcocrypta. 390 Rbina, s, 306 Rhineastes, 364 Rhinobagrus, 33S I>fDEX XUl Rhinoberyx, s, 315 Rhinodoras, i, 311 Rhinoglanis. 332 Rhinogobio, 355 Rhinogobius, 290 Rhinomugil, 324 Rhinonemus. 325 Rhinoplagusia, 355 Rhinoscion, 304 Rhinoscymnus, 331 Rbinotriacis, 317 Rhizodopsis, 344 Rhodichthys, 393, 402 Rhombatractus, s, 399 Rhotnbochirus, 324 Rhomboplites, 315 Rhomboptychius, s, 344 Rhombosolca. 319. 326 Rhombotides, s. 322 Rhynchana, i, 407 Rhynchodus, 371 Rhytiodus, 292 Richardsonia Stcind., s, 343 Richardsonia Castelnau, s, 362 Rincloricaria, 311 Rinodus, s, 342 Rivcrina, d, 362 Rivulus, 299 Roeboides 333 Rccstcs, 333 Rohiticluhys, 287 Rohitodcs, 321 Robtcichthys. 288 Roncador, 403 Rubcllus. s. 369 Ruppclia, s, 367 Saccarius, 307 Saccodon, iZ7 Sagcnodus, 347 Salangicblhys, 293 Salaricbtbys. 346 Saixlalndus, 342 Sandclia, s, 301 Saraca, 381 Sarcidium. /, 363 Sarcocheilicbthys, 288, 353 Sarcodaccs. Hi Sardinia, 299 Sargosomus, s, 300 Sarothrodus, s, 304, 316 Satanoperca, 318 Saurenchclys, s, 334 Sauroiiobio, 355 Scaldia, s, 361 Scaphaspis, i, 338 Scaphirhynchops, d, Z2i Scardiniopsis, s, 334 Scarichthys, 287 Scarostoma, d, 346 Schacra, 351 Schipa, s, 354 Schistorus, 315 Schizopygopsis, 343 Scliuettea, 343 Scixnoidcs, s, 294 Scia:nops, i2i Scissor, Hi Sclcromystax, 332 Sclcropagcs, Hi Scolccosoma, s, 291 Scomberodon, 360 Scombroclupca, 327 Scombrocottus, s, 366 Scopclosaurus, 294 Scorpxnoptcrus, 293 Scrobodus, s, i27 Scymnodon, 329 Scytalina, d, 404 Scbastapistcs, 397 Scbastichthys, 317 Scbastodcs, 305 Scbastomus, 330 Scbastoplus, 324 Scbastupsis Gill, s, 316 Sebastopsis Sauvagc, f, 371 Scbastosomus, 330 Sccurictila, s, 351 Soma, s, 396 Scmicossyphus, 308 Scmilabco, 405 Semiplotus, 287 Scrioloplius, s, 345 Scriphus, 293 Scrratodus, s, 396 Sctarchcs, 319 Shacra. 288 Siaja. 288 Sicydiops, 373 aster, s. 295 ;/;cru5, 295 Sillaginodes, 306 Sillaginopsis, 306 Silurodes, 293, 312 Silurodon, 334, 338, 367 Sinibarbus, 376 Sinipcrca, 313 SiphagoMus, s, 387 Sniaragdus, s, 299 Smiliogastcr, s, 288 Solcichlhys, 294 Solenichthys, d, 336 Solciiodus, i77 Solcnognatlius, s, 342 Solenomormyrus, i72 Solenostomus, .r, 302 Solcotalpa, s, 319 Sorubimichthys. 312 Sparactodon, s, 405 Sparoidcs, 376 Sparopsis, s, 352 Spathodactylus, 292 Sphairichthys, 295 Sphagcpoca, s, 356 Spliagomorus, 344 Spha-rolcpis, 389 Spbyrxnops. 299 Sporetodus, s, 375 Sporok-pis, 334 Squalidus, s, 364 Squaliobarbus, 351 Stemmatodus St. John & Worthcn, s, 380 Stemmatodus Ilcckcl, 409 Stcnogobius, i7i Stcnophus, 378 Stcnoptcrodus, s, 405 Stcplianolcpis, 304 Stcrcodus, 339 Stcrlcdus, *, 354 Stcrnotrcmia, s, 386 Stcthaprion, 356 Stcthojulis, 308 Sticlixacanthus, 396 Stich.Topsis, 360 Sticharium, 345 Stigmatogobius, 374 Stigmatonotus, 386 Stilbiiis. s, ii7 Stomiasunciilus, s, 297 Strabo, s, 341 Stratodus, 364 XIV THE GENERA OF FISHES, PART III Streblodus, 320 Strepsodus, 344 Strigilina, s, 388 Stroinatoidea, 301 Strosipherus, s, 409 Stygicola, 325, 339 Stygogenes, 332 Syll^emus, 379 Symnietrurus, s. 396 Symphorus, 365 Symphysanodon, 393 Sympterichthys, 394 Synagris, s, 291, 383 Syiianchia, s, 374 Synaphobranchus, 319 Synchiropus, 290 Synchismus, s, 306 Syncrossus, s, 294 Synccliogobius, s, 326 Synistius, 315 Synnema, 369 Tacliyncctes, 328 Taeniolabrus, s, 348 Taeniophis, s, 297 Txniotoca, 300 Tambra, 288 fanaodus, 380 Taiiridea, d, 395 Tai;rinichthys, 329 Tautogolabrus, 318 Tclara, 351 Teleosaurus, s, 346 Telepholis, 339 Telescops, s, 382 TcphriEops, 291 Tcphrincctcs, 319 Tcphritis, s, 318 Tctlicodus, 375 Tetrabrachium, 403 Tetrades, s, 335 Tctragonoptriis, s, 348, 383 Tctranarce, 307 Tetranematicbthys, s, 312 Tetrarogc, 296 Thalassopbryne, 307 Thaleichthys, 290 Thauniatacanthus, 401 Thelodiis, s, 309 Thcrapaina, s, 298, 383 Theraps, 318 Thlattodus, s, 342 Tbolichtbys, s, 351 Thrinacodus, 380 Thrissopater, 365 ' Thrissopteroides, 370 Thynnicbthys Blkr., 288 Thynnichthys Giglioli, s, 402 Thyris, s, 403 Thyrsitocepbalus, 292 Thyrsitops, 314 Thysanocbeilus, s, 338 Thysanopsetta, 403 Tomodon, 338 Tomodus, 320 Torresia, 378 Toxabraniis, 369 Trachelocirrus, s, 323 Tracbelyopterichthys, 311 Tracbinocephalus, 303 Trachinopsis, 380 Tracburops, 316 Tracbybrama, s, 322 Trachypoma Gtbr., 291 Trachypoma Giebel, s, 357 Trachyrincus, 407 Tremataspis, d, 343 Tria?uaspis, 394 Trirenopogon, 373 Tribranchus, s, 407 Tricbidion, s, 302 Tricbiuricbtbys, 371 Tricbiurides, 398 Tricbocyclus, d, 357 Tricbodiodon, d, 340 Tricbophanes, 364 Tricbopsis, s, 295, 298 Tri farcins, s, 299 Triploidcs, 360 Trigonodus Newberry & VVortben, s, 342 Trigonodus Winkler, s, 398 Triloburus, s, 302 Trineuiaticlitbys, 288 Triportlicus, 363 Triptcrodon, 343 Trisotropis, 337 Tristicbopterus, 301 Trocbocopiis, 318 Tropidiniiis, 353 Tropidodus, 317 Trypauchenichthys, 293. 374 Tydeus, s, 359 Tylometopon, 367, 383 Tyntlastes, 319 Typhlichthys, 290 Typblogobius, 406 Typhlonus, 394 Typblus, d, 357 Ulocentra, 395 Upselonphonis, s, 305 Uranichtbys, s, 347 Uranoblepus. s, 302 Uranoplosus, 401 Uranostoma, s, 336 Urocampus, 357 Urocentrus, s, 352 Urocomus, 312 Uronectes, s, 318 Urophycis, d. 325 Uropsetta, s, 317 Uropterina, 338 Urotrygon, 324 Vaillantia, 395 Valenciennea, 348 Valenciennesia, s, 348, 373 Vandellia, 407 Vaticinodiis, s, 405 Venustodiis, 380 A'erilus, 298 Vexillifer, s, 357 Viniba, s, 368 Vincentia, s, 363 Vulsus, J, 307 Wallago, 312 Wardiclitliys, 382 Wertlicimcria, 386 Xonicbtbys, 324 Xenisiiia, 390 Xenocbarax, 345 Xenocypris, 351 Xcnodcrmicbtliys, 395 Xcnoniystus Gtbr., 351 Xenoinystus, Liitkcn, s, 370 Xenotis, 390 Xipbactiinis, d, 358 Xipbidion. d, 290 Xipliiorhyncbus. 360 Xiphister, d. 400 Xipliodolamia, 391 Xipliogadus, 318 INDEX XV Xiphotrygon, 399 Xystracanthus, 292 Xystrcurys, 403 Xystrodus Plieninger, 298 Xystrodus Ag., s; 320 Xystroplites. 388. 390 Yarra, s. 363 Zanclorhynchus, 403 Zantccia, s, 367 Zaptcryx, 404 Zathorax, 363 Zcnarchoptcrus, 326 Zcnopsis. 314 Zcodriiis, s, 393 Zonogobiiis, 374 Zopa, s, 368 Zophcndum, s. 396 UNIVERSITY SERIES The FlCcel Memoual Volume. 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