I

i-

I

Digitized by the Internet Archive
in 2017 with funding from
BHL-SIL-FEDLINK

https://archive.org/details/genericspecificdOOIinn

s

1

I

i

A

GENERIC AND SPECIFIC

DESCRIPTION OF

BRITISH PLANTS,

TRANSLATED FP. OM THE

Genera et Species Plantarum

OF THE CELEBRATED

L 1 N N 'iE U S.

TO WHICH IS PREFIXED

An Etymological Dictionary explaining the Claifes^^
Orders and Friyichal Genera.

AND

A Glossary is added to explain the Technical Terms.

WITH

NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS,

E Y

JAMES J E N K I N S O N.

_

K E N D A L :

Printed, and fold byT. Caslon, and Hawes, Clark, and Collins,
in London', J, Asheurner, in Kendal', and A. Ashburner, in
Lancajier. JvIDCCLXXV.

m

r J ^

■f i 'A

r;f “T’ r r-\ ^

X. V k.

■'Y

/ v

.A- .1.1 i'lU

\ .?■ "

' r? A V' 1 T A vi . : /. A V

lillililf'' j'7 l-’TwOC^O'-

• vV

u

y;;- A ,'.'^^'u.I.:::j .;:’-T AO

■VI

r- ■•]},\"-y-<i : 5 noili n <..

■ ; -'viTAiQ J:'.;MOf'ACvv::T n-A

) ' -- ' va^.'T • ^ .

Cl ..

V ?■ ‘. ' r: . •: a: A y>!;',^"-aD a

*:y

^ ' .•! ■ ff

\ *'• v -T,.'. • --. i. - vj_ Vi 'Y-i

A4- CA;S" ■:i;-'®

' • . A* ■ • 'V

rr A

<A V.

tiV? . J .i-'- .r .‘A,’" v.'/r' b.'ff, i . :>rj-“ ,;■ ,■^^^^

: . I v.-l;.' ; , ,. •. ^ bn n m » ?: ; - • .” 'i i ; : / \ *- v <'^ . ■ '■ • -

.■'If/.

J!r- >■ '

THE

INTRODUCTION.

\

ATranllation of the Genera et Species Plantarum of
the juftly celebrated Linn^^us, has hitherto been
unattempted either in our own language, or any other,
notwithftanding the reputation of the author, the merit
of the performance, and the preference his Botanic
System has obtained in the eflimation of the learned
of all nations.

It is not the Tranjlatorh defign to enter into an invef-
tigation of the various fyftems of Botany, that have
appeared from the time of Theophp.astus, the firfl:
philofophic botanift, the difciple of Aristotle, who
fiouriihed in the third century, before the chrifiian cerdy
to the appearance of the great northern luminary Dr
Linn/Eus ; it is fufficient that this fyftem is now uni-
vcrfally followed by the learned; an attempt therefore
to prefent it in an englilh drefs, certainly needs no ap-
pology: Neverthekfs, the tranQator confcious to him-

a ' fclf

iv

INTRODUCTION.

fclf of the many difficulties attending a work of this
nature, and fearful whether his words arc adequate to
convey the original fenfe in full perfedlion-, offers this
Defeription of BritijJi Plants^ to the judgment of the
impartial public, with the greatefl diffidence.

The multitude of technical terms made ufe of in the
original;' terms of fuch a fingular nature, has laid
the tranflator under the neceffity of ufing words, per-
haps, not to be found in any engliffi dictionary extant : '

In order therefore to remedy this inconvenience, a Glof*
fary is added, to elucidate what may appear too obfeure,
efpecially to the miere engliffi ftudent, for whom this is i
principally defigned.

It may not be amifs to inform the reader, that fome
few compound words perhaps will occui", that are not
explained in the gloffary, fuch as cordato-ovate^ by which
is underflood a leaf more approaching to an oval-, but )
had it been ovato-cordate^ it would have fignify’d one j
more of the heart-Jhape than oval: The fame muff be ’
obferved of all compounds, as lanceolato- cordate^ cordato- ;
haftately multifido-laciniatedy &c. j

The number of technical terms may be objected
againff the’ merit of the tranflation, but if it be confi- |
ejered that the fize of the book, in order that it might !
be portable, was a primary confideration ; every objec- j
tion of that nature, will entirely vaniffi, for moil certain- !

ly> i

INTRODUCTION.

V

ly, if every botanical term had been expreffed by a
circumlocution, as often as any fuch occurs, the book
mud unavoidably have been fweiled beyond a pocket
fize.

Linn^us has divided the whole tribe of plants into
twenty tour Clajfes^ founded upon their fruElijication^
thefe clafies are divided into Ordurs^ thefe orders into
Genera^ thefe genera into Species^ and thefe fpecies are
fubdivided fometimes into Varieties^ to which, in this
tranflation, are added notes and obfervations, taken part
from Ray’s Synopfis^ Flora Anglica^ and from

the tranflator’s own remarks.

Grajfes^ Frees ^ Fungi ^ Alg£^ Mojfes^ and Exotics of
every kind, are defignedly for many reafons, omitted
in this tranflation.

That the young ftudent may enter upon this moft
agreeable ftudy, with every advantage, he will here find
a full explanation of the meaning of each clafs and order^ fo
that with a litt.e help and a good inclination to furmount
every difficulty, for I pretend not to fay but difficul-
ties will arife, there can be no doubt but in a ffiort
time he will become a complete botanift. However,
in order to introduce him intc; the method of claffing
plants according to the linn^ean Syftem^ the following
plants are reduced to their ckjjes^ orders^ and genera.

VERONICA.

VI

INTROD^UCTION.

) i ' ' ' •• , M '

\ f ^ VERONICA,

In the firll place to detennine the clafs, I carefully
examine feveral flowers, to find the number of the flami-
na, which in this plant, I hnd to be two-, I therefore
fay it is of the Diandria clafs: I then examine the num-
ber of pijlils which I hnd to be only one, I therefore i
conclude with certainty it is of the order of Adonogynia-,
had there been two, I hiould have faid it had been of '

the Bigynidy if three Trigynidy &c. I’o determine the ^

genus, I hrfl examine the cup, by the defeription in the
book-, then. the fio^djerythen the jtdmindy pijtily and fruity '
every one of thefe concurring with the defeription, I
conclude the plant to be of the genus of the Veronicds :

If I chufe to go further, and diflinguifli the fpecieSy I ;
examine;the leaves, &c. and hnd the plant to be, Upright \
Spiked Mdle Speedwell or FluelUuy with flowers to the end
of the fpike, the leaves oppofite, and obtufely crenated, j
and flaik quite fimple and afeendent. ^ I

HOUSE-LEEK,

I examine the fildments or Jidmindy and hnd there are ^
twelve in number, I then immediately fay it is of the 1
Bodecdndrid clafs, and becaufe there are above h.ve pijlils^

I fay it is of the order Pelygynid,

SERA VV BERRY,

' I examine the Jldmind which I hnd to be more in
number than nineteen, and the cup and corolla being
according to the defeription of the twelfth clafs, and

the

I N T R O D U C T VP] Ni vu

the {lamina inferted into the inner hde of the cup or
corolla, which is a'difiiinguilhing charaderiftic, I fay it
is of the Icofandria cMs-md there bding more than five
pillils, it is of the etdcr dPoIygym'di' " i

^ - p o ^ p p-r, ^

I firft examine the -flam in a, and find them very’nui-
mercus, always more than twelve, and inferted on the
receptacle of the future feed, whereby- thefe plants are
diftinguifned from thofe of the Icofandria clafs ^ I there-'
fore fay Poppy is of the Polyandria clafs, and there
being but one piftil, it mufl be of the order Moncgynia.

' B E ' r ' 0 N r. ' ^

In order to clafs it, I carefully examine the filaments
of feveral flowers, which I find to be four in number,'
am I then to conclude it is of the T etrandria clafs ? no,
becaufe upon further examination, I fhall find that two
of the flamina are longer than the other two, I therefore
determine it to be of the Bidynamia clafs, and becaufe it
has no feed-vefiel, but the feeds are at the bottom of the
cup, it muft be of the order Gymnofpermia,

. rO AD-FLAX.

I examine the {lamina, and find them four In num-
ber, but becaufe two of them are longer than the other
two, I determine it to be of the Bidynamia clafs, and
becaufe there is a pericarpium or feed-veifel, v/hereby it
is diilinguifhed from the former plant, I pronounce it
to be of the order Angiofperfnia,

SCURF 2^

viii I T R O D U C-T I O N.

S C u' r K T G R J S S.

I firH. look at th^ (lamina, which in this I find to be-
fix in number, I am not therefore hallily to pronounce
it of the Hex andri a becaufe on further examination

I fhall find that four of the ftamina are long-er than the
other two, I therefore fay it is of the "Tetradynamia clafs,
and becaufe, it has a (hort pod, it is of the order Silicn-
lofa^ if it had had a long pod, it would have been of
the order -

V ^ L

C R A NE^s B I L L,

I examine the (lamina, and find they coalefce at the
bafe, and form one body, T therefore determine it to be
of the Monadelphia clafs,’ and becaufe there are ten fta-
mina, it muft be of the order Decandria,

. • FUMirORT,

Upon the firft view of the fmver^'l fee it Is of the
papilionaceous or hutterfiy-kind^ and upon examining the
ftamina, I find they form two diftindl diiTimular bodies
which coalefce at the bafe; the one above the piftll, the
other furrounding it, I therefo;e pronounce, with cer-
tainty, that it is of the Hiadelphia clafs, and becaufe there
are fix ftamina, it muft be of the order Hexandria.

L E r F U C E,

I firft obferve that it bears compound ligulated
flowers, and that the florets are ail hermaphrodite; I

therefore

I

INTRODUCTION.^ ix

therefore immediately pronounce Lettuce of the Syngene*
fia clafs;^ and of the order Polygamia ALcualls,

ORCHIS.

I examine the flamlna, and find them as in the di-
finition of the twentieth clafs, which is Gynandria^ I
therefore immediately rank it among xhQ Gynandria
Diandria plants.

NETTLE.

I examine the flowers, and find none that have both
male and female parts, but find both on the fame plant,
I therefore fay its of the Mcnoecia clafs, and becaufe
there are four flamina, it mufl: be of the order T etrandria,

. What has been here faid, we hope will be fuflicient
to initiate the Student into the method of claffing^ which
point once gained, half the difficulty in this agreeable
and entertaining Itudy is conquered. \ ,

Many and various are^ the advantages attending the
ftudy of Botany^ whether confidered in a commercial or
chemical view, or with regard to the affinity it bears to
agriculture., the very fource and bafis of every trading
nation : If confidered as an amufement, itfeems extrerne-
ly well calculated to employ the vacant hours of the
country Gentleman, being the mofl: innocent, as well as
the mofl: falutary, that can excite the attention of the
human mind.

h

To

X

INTRODUCTION.

To be cortilantly and perpetually employ’d in con-
templating the operations of nature^ in viewing the har-
mony of her works, thro’ the whole vegetable creation^
in looking thro’ nature u-p to nature's God^'' muft make
deeper, and more lafting imprelTions on the mind^ than
the mod laboured harangues of Divines^ or the m.ore
extravagant vociferations of Enthujiajis. Contemplations
of this nature, muft convince the moft fublle Difputant^
the moft obftinate Sceptic^ of the exiftence of a Supreme
intelligent Caufe of all things. Every plants every flower^
every part of a fiower^ affords convincing proofs of a
Divine exifence.

Let me now wifti the Student every fpecies of delight,
that can poftibly refult from ftudics of this nature, and
with pleafure embrace the opportunity of returning
thanks to thofe Gentlemen^ by whofe perfuafions I be-
gun; by whofe affiftance and countenance I have been
enabled to go thro’ with this tranflation, and acknow-
ledge myfelf, with the

' moft fincere efteem,

' ; and profound refpefV,

their much obliged Friend,

Y E A L A N D,

April 10/ A, 1775,

y, yenkinfoij.

To

TO THE

English Botanists.

The following Tranflation being
the firft ever offered to the public,
the Tranflator fubmits it to your judg-
ment with the greateft diffidence, con-
feious to himfelf, that much may be
added, and many alterations made, be-
fore it can be complete: He gratefully
acknowledges the hint from DrFluNTER,
Profeffor of Botany in Edinburgh^ of not
only a deficiency, but alfo a great impro-
priety in the Englifo Names of many
plants, efpecially in the Species the
Jpecijic name feems to have no connec-
tion with the generic: A reformation
herein, would perhaps be thought too
daring for an individual; the Tranflator
of this work, therefore, folicits the affif-
tance of the Englifo Botanifsy not only
to reform this impropriety, but for any
help that will render the book more
complete, ffiould it be fo well received
as to require a fecond edition.

CONTRACTIONS,

Bauh. Pin. ^ Pr. Cafpari Bauhini Pinax ^ Prodromus»

Black’s Spec. Bot. 1. Bluckfione Specimen Botanicum,

Boerli. Boerhan.)t,

Dill. Joanna biUenii liijloria Mufcorum,

D ^^^co. bicjcondes, \

FI, fuec. Car oil Linnai Flora Suecica,

Ger. Grrrard\ Hijiory oj Plants,

'Malp. Malphigiui.

Ob!. Linn. Obfernsaiion of Linnaeus.

' Park Parkinjcn, .

Phil. Traiif. Philofophical Tranjadtions,

PI in. Pliny,

R. Sy. Rcty^s Synopjism

Riven. Augujii dguirini Rivini Or dines Plant arum*

T. Turneford,

ri urn. Guliehni Turner i Hijloria Plant arum,

Tournf. Jojephi Pitton Tourncfort Injiitutiones Ret Herhariee^
Wil. Sy. Wiljon^s Synopjis of Bri ijh Plants,

An. Annual, Bien. Biennial Per. Perennial,

T

£ R R A T ‘ A.

Page 30, line 30. for Great read Greek, p, 72 1. 26, for
dichotomus read dichotomous, p. 87 I. 29, dele a comma, p,
‘1 25 1. 35. for monnophyllous read monophyllous , p. 13$ 1. 30
for melaniphyrum^ read melampyrum* p. 195 1. 26 for hifato,
read hafato* '

A N

Etymological DiclionaryJ

o R,

/

EXPLANATION

OF

rhe CLASSES, ORDERS,

AND

PRINCIPAL GENERA.

The following etymological diElionary^ comprehend-
ing not only the derivations of the clajjes, orders^
principal genera^ but iikewifethe reafon of their deri-
vations, it is hoped, v/iil meet with a general approba-
tion, from {Indents of every clafs.

Mod of the terms in the greek language from whence
.the clajfes and orders are taken, being cxprefTive of the
meaning, a derivation thereof, will give a good infight
into the nature of them, as well as the ferual fyjlem^ on
•which they are founded.

The Great Author of Nature has implanted in the hu-
man mind, a ftrong defire of knowing the origin and
fource, from whence things and names that fail under

our

xiv ETYMOLOGICAL DICTIONARY.

our confideratlon are derived. In this didionary, both
the learned and the englifih icholar will find that 'defire
gratified. The Greek words in Italic charaUcrs will doiibt-
iels be more pleafing to many readers, and can be no
ways detrimental to tlie fcholar. A derivation of every
genus in the book is not to be expeded, feveral are yet
unknown, and probably forever will be, others if certain,
are infignificant, and confequently fcarce deferve our
notice-, thus much however 1 dare promife, that when-
ever it tends to elucidate the meaning, the nature, and
quality of the plant, or the foil where it is to be found,
the derivation is not omitted, as luch it is ufeful, the rtft
is all conjedure and ferves only to amufe without im-
proving the underflanding.

CLASSES.

See Plate I. facing the Title.

j, /COnandria, 2. Diandria, 3. Triandria,

JlVx 4- Ti'Trandria. 5. P^entandria. 6. Hex-
ANDRIA. 7. HePTANDRIA. S'. OCTANDRIA. 9. En- I
neandria. 10. Decandria. Thefe ten claffes which !
confifl of hermaphrodite flowers, take their denomina-
tion from the number of Jiamina or male parts of the \
flovjer. ' ' ■ r

1. ^ MONANDRIA, the firfl clafs is derived from I
monos., unus, and arilr., vir, a male or male part, that is, *
having one ftamen or male part.

2. DIANDRIA, having two flamina or male partsr

3. TRIANDRIA, having three males.

4. TETRANDRlxb., having four males.

5. PENTANDRIA, having five males.

6. HEXANDRiA, having fix males.

7*

ETYxVrOLOGICAL DICTIONARY xv.

7. HEPTANDR.IA, having feven males.

8. OCTANDRIA, having eight males.

9. ENNEANDRIA, having nine males.

10. DECANDRiA, having ten males or ftamina..

It mud be obferved that in all thcfe chafles, the flowers
are hermaphrodite-, for Ihould the femaie part be v/ant-
ing in any plant, fuch plant would belong to ibaie other,
dais.

11. DODECANDRIA, this term implies that
the fiov/ers have twelve ftamina or male parts, but is not
ftridly confined to that number, but includes all her-
maDiirodite flowers, furniflied with any number of ilami-
na. from twelve to nineteen, both inclufive : No flowers
yet have been found to have exadly eleven ftamina, and
therefore no clafs has been allotted to that number.

12. ICOSANDRIA, is derived from eikofi^ viginti,
twenty, and ar;^ry vir, a hufband or male part. Tho’ the
plants which belong to this clafs are rarely found vv^ith
lefs than twenty ftamina, yet they frequently have a greaE
er number, and therefore to know them from thcfe of the
next clafs, recourfe muft be had to tne ckfs Icojandria in
the book.

13. POLYANDRIA, is a v/ord formed of the two
greek words pclus^ many, and aner^ a hufband, and fignE
fies that the flowers have many ftamina and always more
than twenty.

14. DIDYNAMIA, is derived from dis^ tv/o, and
dunamis^ power, and fignifies the power of tv/o, and h
applied to this clafs, becaufe the flowers have two fta-
mhia longer than the reft, v/hcreby it is to be diftin-
guilhed from the fourth clafs.

xvi ETYMOLOGICAL DICTIONARY,

15. TETR ADYNAMIA, this is derived from
tetra^ quatuor, four, and dunamis^ pov/er or fuperiority,
and jigiiilies the fuperiority of four, becaufe there are fix
(lamina, and four are always longer than the reft, where-
by it is diftinguhhed from the ftxch clafs,

16. MONADELPHIA, is compounded of monos^
one, or the fame, and delphus^ uterus, i. e. a womb, and'
expreffes the union of the filaments, which in this ciafs
do not ftand feparate, but join at the bafe, and form
one fubftance out of which they proceed, as from the
fame v/ornb.

1 7. DI ADELPHIA, is compounded of dis^ duo, two,
and delphus^ uterus, a womb, and means that the ftamina
are united into two diftindc bodies, and proceed as it
were out of two different wombs, as the word imports.

1 8. POLY ADELPHI Al, figniftes many wombs,
from polus^ many, anJ delphus^ a womb, and means that
there are many diftindl lets of ftamina proceeding out of
as many different w^ombs, as the word imiplies.

19. SYNGENESIA, is compounded of fun^ toge-
ther or in company, and genefis^ generation ; and figniftes
congeneration, and alludes to the circumftance of the
ftamina, in which, tho’ the ftlaments ftand feparate, yet
the anthers^, wdiich are more immediately fubfervient to
generation, are united in a cylinder, and perform their
oftice together.

20. GYNANDRI A, is derived from gune^ a wife or
female parr, and aner^ a hufband or male part, and means
that the ftamina grow upon the piftils, fo that the male
and female parts are united ^ a circumftance never found
in other hermaphrodite flowers.

21 MONOECIA, is derived from monos^ unus, one
or the lame, and oikos^ dornus, a houfe or habitation; and

fliews

ETYMOLOGICAL DICTIONARY, xvii

fhews that the plants of this clafs have their male and
female parts on diftincl parts of the fame plant; i. e. the
flowers are not hermaphrodite, bat thofe flowers v/hi:h
have the (lamina want the piflil, and thofe that have a
piilil want the (lamina, yet are all found on the fame
plant, but in different flowers.

22. DIOECIA, from tv/o, and oikos^ domus a
houfe or habitation, and means that the flowers are ei-
ther male or female, but that the male flowers are on
one plant and female on the other.

23. POLYGAMIA, many, zndgamGS^ a

marriage, and fignifles a plurality of marriages. T his
clafs produces, either upon the fame or different plants
hermaphrodite flowers, and alfo flowers of one fex only,
be it male or female-, or flowers of each fex-*, and the
latter receiving impregnation from, or giving it to the
hermaphrodites, as their fex happens to be. The parts
eflential to generation in the hermaphrodite flowers, do
not coniine themfelves to the correiponding parts with-
in the fame flower; but become of promifeuous ufe,
which gives name to this clafs.

24. CRYPTOGAMIA, from kniptos^ concealed,
and games^ a marriage, and therefore it fignifles concealed
marriage, and is applied to this clafs, becaufe the plants
belonging to it, either bear their flowers concealed with-
in the fruit, or have them fo fmall as to be imperceptible.

ORDERS.

AS the ten flrfl; clajfes took their denomination from
the number of Jiamina or male parts of the flower,
fo the orders of the thirteen clajjes take their denomina-
tion from the number of the pijiils or female parts of the
flowers. The greek word, compounded Vv^ith the nu-

c. merical

xviii ETYMOLOGICAL DICTIONARY.

merical terms in the titles of thefe orders, fignifies a
wife ov female:

MONOGYNIA, implies one woman or female fart
which is one Jiyle»

DIGYNIA, two ftyles.

TRIGYNIA, three ftyles.

TETRAGYNIA, four ftyles.

PENTAGYNIA, five ftyles.

HEXAGYNIA, fix ftyles.

DECAGYNIA, ten ftyles. and

POLYGYNIA, many ftyles ; derived from monos^ one
and gune^ foemina, a woman, &c. to polus^ many, and
gune^ woman. This will be thought fuflicient, as they
are further explained in the body of the work, where
they occur.

Clafs 14 Bidynamia^ the firft order of this clafs is
GYMNOSPERMIA, derived from the two greek words
gumnos^ nudus, naked, and fperma^ femen, a feed, which
ftiews that the plants of this order have naked feeds, in
oppofition to the next order,

ANGIOSPERMIA, which is derived from aggeion^
vas, a veflel, and fperma^ femen a feed, and means fuch
as have their feeds in a feed-veftel.

The orders which conftitute the 15th cl^SsTetradyna--
•mia^ are fufficiently explained in their proper place. And
the orders of 16, 17, and 18 clafles, are denominated
from the number of the ftamina, which have been
explained already, and the derivation of each given.
The orders belonging to the other claftes are all fuffici-
ently explained under their proper heads, where they
' occur, to repeat them here, would be mere tautology.

PRINCIPAL

ETYMOLOGICAL DICTIONARY, xix

PRINCIPAL GENERA.

AChillea, ab Achille, the herb wherewith Achilles
is faid to have cured Telephus.

Acorus, ab privativum, et kore^ pupilla, from its
fuppofed virtue in curing the diforders of the pupil of
the eye.

Acrosticum, ab akros^ fummus, et Jiichos^ ordo.

ab A^teone, filio iEriftei, from Adleon the
fon of iTrifteus.

Adianthum, ab privativum, et diaind^ madefacio,
becaufe the leaves take no wet imlefs gently thrown on.

Adonis, ab Adonide, from Adonis, who according to
the poets, was by Venus turned into the flower which
bears the name Adonis.

Adoxa, ab privatum, et doxa^ gloria.
Aegopodium, ab aix^ caper, a goat, ct. pous^ pes, a
foot, i, e, goat’s foot.

Agrostema, ab agros^ ager, et fto, being

found in corn fields.

Alisma, ab alufma^ anxietas, anxiety,

Alth/Ea, ab aitheo^ fano, from its many medicinal
and chirurgical qualities.

J Amaranthus, ab non et marainomai^ marcefco,

om a fuppofition that it never withers.

Anagallis, ab anagelao^ rideo, to fmile, from its
beautiful appearance, when the fun fhines.

Anchusa, ab anchoufein^ fucare, from its fuflfocatory
or aftringent quality.

Andromeda, ab aner^ vir et domad^ domo, Ihe was the
daughter of Cepheus and Caffiope, the king and queen of
^^thiopia.

' ■ c 2

Anemone,

XX ETYMOLOGICAL DICTIONARY.

Anemone, ab anemos^ ventUF, quod nifi fpirantc vcntp
non apperiat fc, becaufe its faid, the flower never opens,
but when the wind blows.

Anethum, Plin. ^anethon para to and thein^ quod cito
crefcat, becaufe it foon grows up after fown.

Angelica, a vi radicis feminifque, from the fuppofed
angelical virtue of the root and feeds.

Anthemis, ab anthos^ a flower.

Anther icuM, ab anthos^ flos, et rechos^ fepium, as
tho* it delighted in hedges.

Anthyllis, ab anthos^ flos, a flower, et lanugo, foft
-down.

Apium, quod ex eo apex, /. e. caput triumphantium
coronabatur. Becaufe the head of thofe who had the
'honour of a triumph, were crowned with it.

Aquilegia, ab aqua, water, and lego, to gather, as
tho’ it colledted more water than comimon.

Arctium, ab arktos^ urfus, a bear.

Arum, ab privativum, et ara^ noxa, /. e. without
-any noxious quality.

Asparagus, ab afperitate plantse. From the afperity
of the plant.

As PERU GO, ab afperitate plantae. From the afperity
of the plant.

Asphodelus, ab privativum et fphaltd^ fubplanto,

to fupplant.

Aster, after^ ftella, a flar.

Asplenium, ab a privativum, et fplen,' the fpleen,
from its fuppofed virtue in curing the fpleen.

Athamantha, ab urbe ThelLlias, fo called frorrf a
city in Theffaly. .

Atropa, ab non, trepho^ nutrio, becaufe of its
deadly quality.

BALLOTA,y)^r<^ to ballein dta^ quod tanquam aures de-'
mittat pofl: folia locatos, becaufe it puts out flowers like
ears behind the leaves.

Beta, fortafle aflumine Bsetis ubi nafcitur, from the
river Betis where found.

Betonica,

ETYMOLOGICAL DICTIONARY, xxi

Betonica, quod et Vcttonica, quod eamVettones in
Hifpania inveiuerint, or Vettonica, becaiiL the Vettones
firft found it in S:)ain.

Blackstonia, irom Blackfione who Hrft found it. ,

Bor AGO, quafi Corago, quod cordis aftcclibus mcde-
tur, becaufe it cures the diforders of the heart.

Bryonia, a bruod^ mufco oppletus, quod a bruo7t^ muf-
cus, mofs.

Bulbocodium, a bwbcs^ bulbus, a bulb, ttkodion^ la-
na, wool.

Bunium, 2i buntos^ collis, a hill.

Bupleurum, ex bous^ bos et latus, becaufe it

hath threads in the leaves like ribs in the fide.

BuTOMus,ex bos, cattle, ^ttemno^ fcindo, to cut,
becaufe formerly it was cut and given to the cattle for
fodder.

Callitriche, a kalos^ pulcher, et ///nx, capillus quod
capillum nutriat et pulchrum reddat. Plin. Becaufe it
was fuppofed to nouriih and beautify the hair.

Campanula, a campana, hgura corolla, i, 0. from
the dower being of a bell fliape.

Car LINA, nomen regionis, the name of a country.

Carum, a Caria regione, from the country.

Centaurea, a Chirone Centauro didl. quafi centum
ct aretai^ virtutes. Plin, From Chiron the Centaur.

Ceratophyllum, a keras,, cornutum, et phuUon,, foli-
um, i. e. having a horny leaf.

Ch/erophyllum, a r/z/W, gaudeo, ttphullon^ folium,
becaufe it abounds in leaves.

Cheiranthus, a r/z^/r, manus, the hand, et anthos^
flos, a flower.

Chelidonium, chelidon,, hirundo, a fwallow, becaufe
it flowers about the coming of fwallows.

Chenopodium, a chm^ anfer, a goofe, pcus,, pcs, a
foot, /. e, goofe- foot.

Chrysanthemum, zchrnfos,, aureus, golden et mithoSy
flos a flower, as tho’ it were a golden flower.

Chrysosplenium,

xxii ETYMOLOGICAL DICTIONARY.

Chrysosplenium, a chrufos, aureus, golden, et fplen,
the fpleen.

CicoRiuM, ab kio^ vado, et chorion^ ager, becaufe it
overruns the fields.

CiRCi5i:A, from Circe the Sorcerefs.

Clematis, a klema^ viticuia, a llioot or tendril where-
by it feizes the neighbouring trees or fhrubs.

Clinopodium, ab pes afoot, from
its fuppofed likenefs of the leaves to the foot of a bed.

Cochlea Ri A, a figura foliorum, from the fhape of
the leaves being like a fhell.

Convolvulus, a con et volvo, to twill or twine
round about.

CoNYZA, 2iknuza^ fcabies, from its fuppofed virtue
in curing cutaneous difordtrs.

CoRiANDRUM, ^kove^ piiuilla, the pupil, et aner^ vir,
a man. Quod fit rotundum inilar pu|..iilai, becaufe of
its being round like the pupil of the human eye.

Cotyledon, a kotule^ cavitas, a hollownefs.

Cynoglos^sum, a kuon^ canis, a dog, ttglojfa^ lingua, a
tongue, i. e, hound’s tongue.

Cypripedium, zpodion^ calceus, a flioe, kupris veneris,
i. e. Venus’s Shoe or Lady’s Slipper.

Dianthus, a Dios^ Jovis, et anthos^ fios, i, e, Jove’s
Flower.

Digitalis, a figura corollas digitalis, from a fuppo-
fition that the flower is fhaped like a finger.

Dipsacus, a dipfad^ fitio, to thirfl, as tho’ it brought
on an intolerable thirfl.

Drosera, ros, the dew, becaufe there is com-

monly found on this plant, even in the hottefl fun,
drops like dew.

Dry AS, a driis^ quercus, an oak.

* Echinophora, zh e chines^ fpina, a thorn, tt pherd^ f
fero to bear, becaufe it bears fpines or prickles like thofe .
of a Hedge- Hog. |

Echium, ab echis^ viper a, a Viper. ' j

Epilobium, ab fupra, lobas^ filiqua, ttion^ viola, ^
becaufe of its long pods. Equisetum, ■

ETYMOLGICAL DICTIONARY, xxii'b

«

Equisetum, herba eft a cauda equinse fimilitudine
nomen habens; fo called from its refemblance to the
Tail of a Horfe.

Erica, ab eriko^ frango, to break, becaufe the antients
ufed it in curing the ftone in the human bladder.

Erigeron, ab er, ver, tx. geron^ fenex, becaufe it is
white in the fpring like the hair of old men.

Eupatorium, ab Eupatore rege fic di6t. alii quod
quafi hepati medeatur. From king Eupator, or elfe
according to fome, becaufe it was fuppofed of fervicc
in curing the diforders of the liver.

Euphorbia, ab Euphorbo nomen habet Jub^ regis
medico. From Euphorbus king Juba’s phyfician.

Euphrasia, laetitia, joy.

Fic ARIA, a fuke^ ficus, a fig-tree.

Fragaria, quafi fragrantia; from its fragrance.

Fumaria, a fumo did:, quod lacrymas alliciat ficut
fumus, becaufe it draws the tears from the eyes as fmoke
doth.

Galeopsjs, a gale^ felis, a cat, et opfis^ vultus, the
countenance or appearance.

Gallium, zgala^ lac, milk, quod vim habeat coaguli
in cogendo ladie. Becaufe it has the power of runnet
in milk.

Gentiana, a Gentio rege inventore. From king
Gentius the firft finder of it.

Geranium, zgeranos^ grus, acrane, quod infummi-
tate habet fimilitudinem gruis capitis. Becaufe the
feed-veflel has the appearance of a Crane’s Bill.

Hedysarum, ab aron^ ungiientum, an ointment, et
edufma^ fuavitas. Becaufe a fweet fmelling ointment
ufed to be made of it.

Helleborus, ab conftringo, to bind, et
pabulum, food for cattle, i, e, a reftringent food.

Heracleum, ab erakles Hercules.

FIerniaria, ab hernia, the difeafe called a rupture.

Hesperis, ab hefperis^ hefperus, the evening-, be-
caule it gives a greater fmell by night.

Hierasium,

xxiv ETYMOLOGICAL DICTIONARY.

ETieracium, ab krax^ acclpiter, a Hawk.

lIippoCREPxs, dihippos^ equLis, horib, ^icrcpis^ fcrrum,
a Hioe, /. e, a’ Hcrle Shoe.

lIippuRis, ab ippGs^ equiis, a horfe, et oura^ caudaj a
tail. i. e, a Horle-l'ail.

Humulus, ab humido folo; fromgrov/ing in moiflfoil.

l-k/ACYNTMus, a pueroHyacyntho interfedlo abApo-
llne Sc in hunc dorem niucato. From the youth Hya-
cinthus (lain by Apollo, and turned into this flower.

* Hvdrocharis, ab uder^ aqua, water, et chird^ gaudeo.
F.ecauie it is generally found in water: It is iikewife
tlie name of a frog in the Batrachom. or the Battle of
tlie Frogs.

Hvdrocotyle, ab udor^ aqua, water, et kctile^ vas,
a veflel. ^

I Iyoscyamus, ab //j, fus, a fvvine, et kuamos^ faba, a
bean, i, e. Swine’s Bean.

Iberis, ab Iberia regione, from the country Iberia.

I'aPATiENS, ab elaflicitate fruflus, from the elailici-
ty of the fruit.

Jasioxe, from Jafon the fuppofed flrft finder.

JuNCos, a jungendo vimine, from its flexible nature.

Lactuca, ita diSt. quod abundantia ladfis exuberat.
Plin. From its abounding with milk.

Lamium, ex Lamio lonae monte. Plin. From La-
niium a mountain in Ionia.

1/ APS AN A i a laptd., ptirgo, fromi its purgative quality.

• iLEONTODON, ab leon., leo, a lion et odous., dens, a
tooth, i. e. Lion’s Tooth.

Leonurus, ab Icon., leo, a lion, et oura., cauda, a
tail. /. e. Lion’s Tail.

Lepidium, a lepis, fquama, quod fquamas & maculas
a facie abflergit. Plin. From its power, fuppofed or
real, of taking off fpots from the face.

luGusTicuM, a Liguria Italite regione, Lorn Liguria
a country in Italy.

Lithospermum, a lapis, et fperma., femen, be-
caufe the feeds are like fmall ffones.

Lychnis,

/

/

ETYMOLOGICAL DICTIONARY, xxv

Lychnis, a luchnos^ a iucido colore, from its fliin-
ing colour.

Lycopsis, ab lukos^ liipi, a wolf, et opfis^ facies, a face.

Lycopus, a liikos^ lupi, a wolf, tx. pous^ pes, a foot.

LythPvUm, a luthron^ cruor, blood.

Lysimachia, a Lyfimachia inventore, from Lyfima-
chus the firft finder.

Malva, a mahjfdj emollio, to foften.

Marrubium, ab oppido Italiae, a town in Italy.

Matricaria, ab ulu medico quod matricem juvat,
from its fuppofed medicinal virtue in affifting the matrix.

Melampyrum, a melas^ niger, black, purcs^ gra-
num, feed, i, e. having black leed.

Melittis, a melitta^ apis, a bee, Vvhich is derived
from ineli^ mcl, honey.

Mentha, ifom Minthis the fon of Cocytus changed
into tills flower. '

MercUrialis, from Mercury the interpreter of the
Gods.

Monotropa, a monos ^ folus, et trepho^ nutrio.

Myagrum, a muia^ mufea, a fly, ^tagreud^ capto, to
take, becaufe it holds the dies that touch it.

Myosotis, a 7711103^ mus, a moufe, et ota^ aures, the
ears; becaule of the leaves refembling the ears of a
moufe.

Myosurus, a mucs^ mus, a moufe, et cura^ cauda, a
tail. /. e. Moufe-Tail.

Myriophillum, ab miirics^ infinitum, an infinite
number, phulion^ folium, a leaf, i. e, having a multi-
tude of leaves.

Narcissus, from NarciiTus, who W'as turned into
this dower.

Nepeta, ab oppido Italic, a town in Italy.

Nymphaea, a numphe^ aqua, water, becaufe it is
found in ^vater.

Onop'ordum, ab cnos^ afmus, an afs, ttperdo^ pedo,
to fart, becauie if given to affes, according to Flin,
it will make therp. fart.

Ophioglossu ivl.

xxvi ETYMOLOGICAL DICTIONARY.

Ophioglossum, ab ophis^ ferpens, a ferpent,
lingua, a tongue.

Orchis, ab orchis^ tefticulus, a tefticle.

Ornithogalum, ab ornis^ avis, a bird, tt gala^ lack,
milk. Linn.

Ornithopus, ab ornis^ avis, a bird, et fcus^ pes, a
foot. i. e. Bird’s Foot.

OxALis, ab oxaiis., acidus, acid or four.

Parietaria, ab paries, a wall, becaufe it grows on
old walls.

Paris, a Paride, filio Priami. From Paris the fon of
Priam, remarkable' for his true love to Helen, hence
in englifh, called True-love, or one Berry.

Pahnassia, from mount Parnafllis.

Peucedanum, a dauos^ humilis, tt peiike., picea. Or
according to Diofeo. it takes it name from its bitternefs.

Phyteuma, a pLw., gigno.

Picpis, 2i pier os., amarus, bitter, becaufe of its bit-
ter nefs.

PiNGuicuLA, a pinguitudine foiiorum, from the fat- <
nefs of the leaves.

PoLEMONiuM, ab pokmos., bellum, nomen herbae
apiid Diojco. quae fic nominata efle traditur, a bello et
certamine quod antequilTimi duo regis inter fecertarunt,
dum interventionis ejus laudem uterque fibi tribueret,
ut referc Marcellius : funt qui Tic di(5fam putent quod
adverlus vtnena pugnet. The name of an herb which
is fo called, becaufe two ancient kings contended whe-
ther fhould have the honour of firlt finding of it, as
Marcellius fays : Some think it fo called, becaufe it
was fuppofed an antidote agalnfl poifon.

PoLYGALA, a^(>///j, multum, ot gala., lac, from its
abounding with milk.

PoLYGONATUM, a polus, multus, et gonu., genu, a
joint, from its abounding with joints.

Polypodium, db poliis, multus, many, et pes, a
foot.

Potenti'lla, ab pQtcntia virium, from its fuppofed
virtue. Potamooetotst,

ETYMOLOGICAL DICTIONARY. xxvH

Pot A MOO ETON, a potamos^ fluvius, et geiion^ vici- ,
nus, becaul'e found in or near rivers.

PoTERiuM, 2,pfjtermu pociilum, a cup.

Primula, a pri^cocitate fiorum, from coming early
in the fpring.

PuLMONARiA, from pulmo, the lungs, from its fup-
pofed efhcacy in curing the diiorders of the lungs.

Pyrola, a pyro foiiorum figura. 1 he leaves being
fhaped like leaves'of a Pear Tree.

Raphanes, a radios^ facile, et fhind^ appareo, be-
caufe it fprings up fo foon after being fown. ‘

Reseda, a refedendo dolores, from affuaging pain.

Rhodiola, a rofeo cdore radicis, from the fwect
fmell of the root.

Ru MEX, a rumdj fugo, to fuck, becaufe its juice vrill
quench the thirft; or by others quafi ilrumex, becaufe
accounted good for ftrumous fwellings.

Sagittaria, a figura foiiorum, being fhaped like
an arrow.

Salicornia, from fal, fair, becaufe found on the
fait marfhes.

Salsola, a falfetutine plants, from the plant being
faltifh.

Salvia, quafi falutem ferens. From its falubrious
quality.

Samolus, a Samo Infula. The i (land Samos.

Sanguisorba, i. e, fanguis, blood, et forbeo, to lick
up.

Sanicula, a fanando vulnera, from heal ng wounds*

Saponaria, a vi foiiorum. From their power of
raifing a lather like foap, . '

Satyr lUM, herba ad venerem inciians, Diofco, a
falurizoy prurio ad venerem inftar fa tyri-, provoking to
venery.

Saxifraga, faxum & frango, Ereakftonc.

Sc A BIOS a, ab ufu medicinali, from its medicinal
powei* in curing cutaneous diforders.

ScLERANTHus, a Jkuros^ exfuccus, Qtcinthos^ flos.

dz ScROFULARIAj

xxviii ETYMOLOGICAL DICTIONARY.'

ScROPHULARiA, quod ej US ufu fcrofe deleclantur.
Becaufe by eating of this plant fcrophulous diforders
were fuppoled to be cured.

Scutellap. lA, a figura calycis. From the figure
of the cup being like a cap or hood.

Sedum, a fedendo in rupibus, from being found
growing on rocks.

Senecio, a fenex, an old-man-, as tho’ the down of
of this plant refembled on old-man’s beard.

Semper v.ivuM, a fempiterno virore, of an everlaft-
ing green.

Serr ATULA, a ferratis folds, from the ferrated leaves.

Ser APiAS, a Serapide deo ^gyptio. P//>/. From the
Egyptian God Serapis.

Smyrnium, ab urbe Smyrna, from the city Smyrna.

Stachys, a fiachus^ fpica, from the fiower growing
, in a fpike.

Stratiotes, a jiratos^ exercitus.

SuBULARiA, a figura foliorum, from the figure oF
the leaves, which are fubulated or awl-fhaped.

Tei CKiuM, a 1 eucro qui hanc invenifie dicitur.
From Teucer who is faid to have firfi: found this plant.

Thymus, a thumos^ animus, the mind.

Tragopogon, from tragos^ herci, & fogon^ barba,
i, e Goat’s Beard.

Tr lENTALis, a magnitudine plant^e, from the height
of the plant.

Trjfolium, having three leaves.

Turritis, a turris, a tower.

Tussilago, from tuffis, a cough, and ago, to drive
away.

Ur TIC A, ab urendo tadlu, from its flinging quality.

Xanthium, ab anthos^ flos, a flower.

PLATE

PLATE II.

SIMPLE

Fip".

j.

1 . Orhiciilat'cd

2. Subrot und or roundijli

3. Ovate

4. Oval

5. Oblong

6. I.anccolated

7. Linear

8. Suhiilated

5. Reniform or Kidney -/ha-
fed

10. Cordate

11. 1 unulated

12. Lriangular

13. Sagit fated'

1 4. Cordato-fqgittated

15. Haft at ed

16. or C'oven

17. Trilobe dor three Iched

18. Pr^rnorfe or bitten^ as

in the Scabius

19. Lob ate

20. Sltiinquangular

21. Eroje

22. Palmated

23. Pinna tifid

24. Laciniated

25. Sinuated

26. Dentato-finuated

27. Retrorfum-fmiiated or

HoUoveed backwards

28. Partite

29. Rep and

30. Dentated

LEAVES.

Fig.

3 1 . Serrated

32. D up lie at 0 -ftcr rated
3 3 . Duplicat c-crenated
3 4 . Cartilagi neons

3 5 . Acutely-crenated
3 6 . Ohtujely-crenated

37. Plicated

38. Crenated

39. Crijp .

40. Obtufe

41.

42 . Acuminated

43 . Obtufe with a blunt point

44. Acutely -emarginated

45. Wedge-JkapedeacAs nicked

46. Retufe

47’

48. Tcmentcfe,

49* biifpid

50. Ciliated

51.

52.

53.

54. Papillofe

55. Linguiform
36. Acinaciform
57. Dclabriform

5 8 . Deltoid or Delta form

59. Triquetrous

60. Canaliculated

6 1 . Sulcated

62. Cylindrical

, P L A T E

P L ATE III.

/ • _

. J

r

COMPOUND LEAVES,

63. Binate

64. l*ernate with the folioles

■ feffde.

65. Ternatey^iih the folioles

'peliolated <

66. Digitated

6y, Pedate ,

68. Pinnate v/Ith an odd one
t 69. abrupt

70. —

Fig.

72. Pinnate cirrhofe
73* conjugate

74. decurfivcly

articulated

76. Lyratcd

77. Biternate

75. Bipinnate

79. Triternate

80. Tripinnate Jbrupt • '

81. with an

PLATE

71.

— • — alternate
interrupted

one

PLATE IV.

Fig.

Fig.

82. hjlex

97. Perfoliate

83. Ere[^

98. Connate

84. Patent

99. Vaginant

85/ Horizontal

100 Articulated

86. Reclined

10 i. Stellate

87. Revolute

102. Sluatcrn

88. Seminal

103.. Oppofite

89. Cauline

104. Alternate

90. Rameous

105. Acer of e

9 1 . Floral

106. Imbricated

92. Pelt at cd

107. Fafciculated

93. P etiolated

1 08. Frcns

94.

109. Parabolic

95. Decurrent

110. Spatulated"^

9 6 . Aynplexkaide or.fur-

roundhig the fialk.

'

* In the form of a Spatula^ an inflrument which is
ufed by furgeons to fpread falve with.

PLATE

V.

PARTS of

F L O VV £ R.

111. a SprJha^ b th€ Flo'-dver of a NarchTus.

112. a Gluv.ia^ b yh'ifd of a Grafs.

1 1 3. A Ccmpcund JJjnhd^ a univerfal iimlel^ d d partial
^ iraibels^ or umhclluU^ c univerfal involucrum^ b

partial invohcrum.

1 1 4. c Cahptra^ b Opercuhimy a Capitiilum

115. a a SpaJfia^ b a Spadix.

}i6. A common naked Receptacle.

iir. A common Receptacle vAih imbricated Palei.

118. Amentum

119. Str chillis

120. Fungi, a P ileus, b Vclva, c Stipes.

1 2 1. Morwpel clous Ccnlla, a the Fube, b the Limb.
111. A Flozver; a Gerrnen, b Style, c Stigma, d Fi-

lunents, e Ant heme, f Petals.

127. F oh pe talons Corolla, a Unzues, b Laminje.

X ' - ^ O''

I 24.

i ; 5.

/L CampanAated Re Barium in the NarcilTus.
Fhe horned FeBaria in the Aconite,

i 26.

d he horned Neciaria in

the cup of the I'ropsolum.

I

in the' Grafs of ParnalTas.

^1

A

GENERIC and SPECIFIC

DESCRIPTION

O F

BRITISH PLANTS.

CLASS r.

MONANDRIA.

^he plants of this clafs have hut one fiamen^ and from one
to two fiftils,

MONOGTNIA comprehends fuch ^hxiX.% as have hut

one pijiil.

S ALICORNIA. Marsh Sampire opSaltwort.

The cup is fquare, truncated, ventricofe, and re-
mains till the fruit be ripe. There is no flower
and but one fimple ftamen, longer than the
cup: There are two oblong, didymous, ered antherae.
The germen is ovato-oblong, the flyle is fimpJe, and
ftigma bifid. ' The ventricofe and inflated cup, fupplies
the place of a feed vefTel and contains one feed.

LiNNi5:us fays tho’ he obferved but one ftamen,'
others have obferved two.

Herhacea, Marfh Sampire^ Jointed Glaffwort^ or Salt-
wort with joints flat at the apex, and emarginato-bifid.
Common on the fea fhore. An, July,, Aug, The others
found in England, and mentioned by authors, are only
varieties and not diftind fpecies.

B

HIPPURIS.

p MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA-

HIPPURIS. Mare’s Tail.

This plant hath neither cup nor flower, and but one
ftamen, which is fixed upon the receptacle. The an-
thera is femibifid. The germen is oblong, and beneath
the receptacle. There is one Tubulated, eredl ftyle, long-
er than the ftamen with an acute fliigma. There is no
•feed veflTel, and but one roundifh, naked feed.

Vulgaris. Common Mare's ^aiL Found in Handing
waters. Per. May,

D 1 G T N I A comprehends fuch as have two fijlils, ‘

CALLITRICHE. Star wort or Star-headed
Water Chickweed.

The flower confifls of two incurved, acuminated,
canaliculated petals, oppofite to each other. There is
one long filament bended backward with a fimpie an-
thera; The germen is roundifh with two capillary, bend-
ed flyles and acute ftigmata. The fruit is a roundifli,
quadrangular, compreffed, bilocular capfule, containing
folitary, oblong feeds.

Verna. Vernal Starwort^ Star-headed Water Chickweed.^
with the upper leaves of an oval figure, and mafeuline
and feminine flowers. Found in ditches and Hill waters.
An. Aprils — Aug.

Autumnalis. Autumnal Starwort with linear leaves,
bifid at the apex, and hermaphrodite flowers. Found
with the former. An. Sep,

CLASS

PIANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

3

C L J S S II.

D I A N D R I A.

*!rhe plants of this clafs have two ftamina in each flower^
and from one to three pfiils,

MONOGTNIA comprehends fuch plants as have hut-

one piftil.

CIRCLE A'. Enchanter’s Nightshade.

TH E cup confifts of two oval, concave, bended
and deciduous leaves. There are two petals, of
a turbinato-cordate figure, patent and equal, commonly
fnorter than the cup. There are two capillary, eredt hla-
ments of the length of the cup, with roundiflr antherm.
The germen is turbinated and under the receptacle. The
ftyie is like thread and of the length of the ftamina. The
ftigma is cbtufe and emarginated. The fruit is a turbi-
naco-oval, briftly, bilocular capftile, opening from the
bafe tov/ards the apex, containing folitary, oblong feeds
that are narroweft towards the bottom.

Lutetiana. Enchanter'' s Night/hade v/ith an upright
ftalk and many branches, found in fliady places and
under hedges. Per. June., July.

Alpina. Mountain Enchanters Nightjhads with an af-
cending ftalk and but one branch. This is a fmall
plant and more procumbent than the others the cup
and flower are of the fame colour. At the foot of the
mountains in PFeftmorlartd and I'orkfhire. About Balham
P’ower in Wejlmorland. Per. Aug.

VERONICA. Speedv/ell.

ITe cup is divided into four parts and remains till
the fruit be ripe, each fegment is lanceolated and acute.
The flower confifts but of one v/hcel-fhaped petal, v/ith
a tube aimoft the length of the cup. The limb is qua^

B 2 dripartite

4

DIANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

dripartite and plain, with oval fegments, of which the
lower one is narrower and its oppofite broader than any
of the reft. There are two afcendent ftamina which are
narrower towards the bottom with oblong antherae. The
germen is compreffed and the ftyle is thread-like and of
the length of the ftamina (but in fome not quite fo long)
with a fimple ftigma. The fruit is a capfule of a cordate
figure with a comprefted apex that contains two cells and
four valves, in each of which are many roundifh feeds.

The tube of the corolla is different in different plants,
in fome very fhort, in others very long. The largcft
fegment of the flower in fome conftitutes an upper lip,
and the other three an under lip; the middle one be-
ing the narroweft.

Spicata, Upright [piked Male Speedwell or Fluellin
with flowers to the end of the fpike, the leaves op-
pofite and obtufely crenated, the ftalk quite fimple and
afcendent. Found in meadows and paftures. In feve-
ral clofes adjoining to Newmarket -Heathy beyond Bot-
tlejham, R. S. in the paftures about Horfe-heath Hall
in Camhr. about Ca'rtmell-well in Lan, Arnfide-Park in
kVeJl^n. J. J. Per, June.

Hyhrida. Welch Speedwell with flowers to the end
of the fpike, the leaves oppofite and obtufely ferrated
and roughifh, with an upright ftalk. Found in Wales.
Per. July.

Officinalis. Male Speedwell with lateral fpikes bear-
ing flowers, the leaves oppofite and the ftalk procum-
bent. In dry barren paftures. Per. May.

Serpyllifolia. Paul's Betony or little fmooth Speedwell.,
with branches that partly end in fpikes ; the leaves are
oval. Alining and crenated. Found on dry mountainous
paftures. Per, May.

Beccahunga, Common Brooklime with lateral branches,
oval,' plain leaves and a creeping ftalk. In ditches and
rivers. Per. June.

Anagallis. Long leaved Water Speedwell with lateral
branches, lanceolated^ ferrated leaves and an upright
ftalk. Per. July. Scutellata.

DIANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

5

Scutellata. Narrow leaved JVater Spedwell with lateral'
branches, pendulous pedicelii, and linear, entire leaves.
Found in watery places. On Uamfftead and Putney
Heaths.

Cham^drys. PVild Germander with lateral branches,
and oval, felhle, rugofe, dented leaves and a weak ilalk.
Per. May In meadows and paftures.

Montana. Stalked Speedwell with lateral branches, few
flowers and rough cups, oval, rugofe, crenated, petio-
lated leaves, and a weak ftalk. in moifl; woods and
hedges. In Charletcn Wood., the lower part plentifully
Mr J. Sherard. R. S. Per. May.

Peduncles vMh Jingle fiowers.

Arvenjis. Speedwell with Angle flowers, cut, cordate,
feflile leaves, longer than the peduncle.^ In Aelds and on
old walls. An. May. ‘ ^

Agreftis. Germander Speedwell with folitary flowers,
and cut leaves, cordate and fhorter than the peduncle.
An. May.

Hederifolia. Ivy leaved Speedwell with Angle flowers,
plain, cut, cordate Ave-lobed leaves. An. April., May.

P'riphyllos. I’rifid Speedwell with folitary flowers and
leaves digitato-partite, Aiorter than the peduncle. In
fandy Aelds. ' At Rowton in Norfolk^ betwixt the town
and highway, twelve miles before you come to Norwich.
An. May., June.

PINGUICULA. Butterwort or Yorkshire

Sanicle.

The cup is perfonated, fmall, acute, and endures till
the fruit be ripe. The upper lip is eredl and triAd; the
lower lip is bended back and blAd. The flower has
but one perfonated petal. The longer lip is ftraight,
obtufe, and triAd; the flaorter lip is biAd, more obtufe
and patent. The nedlarium is corniculated, and pro-
duced from the bafis of the petal. The two Alaments
are cylindrical, crooked, and arife under the upper lip,

Aiorter

6 DIANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

fjorter than the cup, with r(^undifh antherse. 'The gcr-
nien is globofe and ftyle very fhort. Idle ftigma is bi-
labiated^ the upper lip is larger, plain, bended back,
and covers the anthera^^ the lov/er lip is very narrow,
crccl, bihd, and Ihorter. The fruit is an oval, unilo-
cular capfule, fiat at the apex, gaping and containing nu-
merous cylindrical feeds, iiaving a loofc receptacle.

Lufitanica, Cern^jod Butterwort^ with the apex of the
nectarium incrafiTated. In marfiiy places about Kirk-
hampten. R. S. Per. May,

Vulgaris. Gammon Butterwert with a cylindrical nefta-
riiim the length of the flower. In mofiy wet ground in
Lanca/hire^ IVeftmorland^ TuATorkjkire: On Shoo tePs- Hill
I found it. May.

UTRICULARIA. Hooded-Millfoil.

The cup confifts of two oval, hollow, fmall leaves,
that fall away with the flower. The flower is monope-
talous and perfonated. The upper lip is plain, obtufe
and erefl; the lower lip is larger, plain, and entire.
The palate is cordate and prominent between the lips.
'The nedtarium is cornicuiated and arifes from the bafe
of the petal. The two filaments are very fhort and
bended. The antherae afe fmall and adhere. The ger-
men is globofe, and the ftyle is like thread, of the length
of the cup, with a conical ftigma. The fruit is a glo-
b ;fe, large, unilocular capfule containing numerous feeds.

Vulgaris. Common hooded Millfoil with a nedlarium in
the form of a cone, and but few flowers on the ftem..
In ftanding waters and ditches. Per. June Jidy. In Lin-
cclnpiire., Ifie of Ely., and near Hcrnfey.

Mnor. Lejfer hooded Millfoil wdth a nedlarium in the
form of a keel. In the fame places with the former. I
found this in a ditch in the great meadow at Gunner-
thwaite belonging to Mr T. Beakbane, Lan.

Both forts obierved by Mr Lawson in the ditches by'
the caufeway over the Mofs to the Fell-end near Wither-
Jlack and Brigfieer-mofs^ in Wefimorland. Per.

' VERBENA.

DIANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

7

VERBENA. Vervain.

The cup is monophyllous, angulated, tubulated, li-
near and quinquedentated, (and the fifth denticle is trun-
cated) and endures till the fruit be ripe. The flower is
monopetalous with a cylindraceous fliraight tube the
length of the cup, which is foon dilated and incurved.
The limb is patent and femiquinquifid, with fegments
rounded and nearly equal. The filaments are four in
number, briftly, very fhort, and fituated within the tube
of the flower, of which two are fhorter than the other
two. The anthers are bended and the number of the
filamients, and fometirnes only half the numiber. I'he
germen confifls of four angles with a Ample thread-like
fliyle, the length of the tube and an obtufe iligma. The
feed veflel is fcarce vifible, the cup covering the feeds,
which are tv/o, or four of an oblong fliape.

Oficinalis. Vervam with four filaments, the fpikes
are like thread upon unequally divided ftems, the leaves
are multifido-laciniated, and the ftalk is folitary. By
public road Tides. In Warton "Town and near Leighton-
beck Furnace in Lancajldre. July^ Aug,

L Y C O P U S. Water-horehound.

The cup confifls of one leaf that is tubulated and half
cut into five, each fegment being narrow and acute. The
flower is unequally monopetalous, with a cylindraceous
tube the length of the cup. The limb is quadrifid, ob-
tufe, and patulent; the fegments being nearly equal, but
the upper is broadefl and emarginated, and the lov/efl
the leaft. The tw^o filaments are comimonly longer than
the corolla, to the upper fegment of which they are inclin-
ed. The anthers are fmall. The germen is quadrifid,
the flyle is like thread, upright, and the length of the fla*
mina. The fligma is bifid and bended back. There is
no feed veflel, the cup containing four roundifh feeds.

Europaus. Water -her ehound with finuato-ferrated leaves.
July. 1 found this in mofl of the dirty ditches about
London, Per,

SALVIA.

■8 DIANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

SALVIA. Clary.

The cup is monop hyllous,' tubulated, ftriated, vifibly
larger towards the top, and comprefTed ; the mouth is
erect, bilabiated and the lower part bidentated. The
flower confifts of one petal, the tube of which grows
larger towards the top, and is comprefled. The limb
is ringent, the upper lip of which is concave, comprefled,
crooked, and emarginated: The lower lip is broad and
trifid, the middle fegment being largefl, roundifli and
emarginated, on thefe are placed two others croflwife by
the middle, on the lower extremity of wdiich is a glan-
dule, on the upper an anthera. The germen is qua-
drind, the ftyle is like thread and very long; the fligma is
bifid. There is no feed veffel, the connivent cup contain-
ing the feeds, which are four in number and roundifli.

Obf. Linn. The Angular bifurcation of the fila-
ments conflitutes an eflential charadter.

The rudiments of two barren flamina are found in the
faux of the corolla. The glandula in many is callous;
in fome few ethers the rudiment of an anthera that is
not fariniferous is to be met with.

PratenfiS. Meadew Clary with cordato-oblong crenat-
ed leaves: The upper leaves furrounding the ftalks, the
whorls naked, the flowers in the helmet, glutinous. In
Ejfex, Per.

Verhenaca. Common EngliJJi V/ild Clary with finuato-
ferrated leaves, the flowers narrower than the cup. In
meadows and paftures. Per. May. On the ropery between
the glafs-houfes and Newcajile upon Pyne. .Wilson’s Sy.

CLASS

TRIANDRIAMONOGYNIA, §,

CLASS III.

T R I A N D R I A.

^he plants of this clafs have three ftamina^ and from omt
to three pjiils.

MO NO G T N lA comprehends fuch plants as have hut

one piftil,

VALERIANA. Valerian.

The flower conflfts of one petal. The tube is gib”*

bous and contains the nedar in the lov/er flde; \
the limb is quinquifid, and the fegments obtufe. There
are three Tubulated, ered; filaments of the length of the
corolla, with roundifli antherae. The germen is beneath
the receptacle, the flyle is like thread, of the length of
the {lamina, with a thickifh fliigma. The fruit is a
capfule that fplits and falls off, and the feeds are Angle
and oblong.

Obf. Linn. There is a great diverfity of the parts
of frudiflcation in this genus, both as to number and
Agure, e. g. The margine of the cup in fome is fcarce
obfervabie-, in others it is quinquifld. The tube of
the corolla in fome is oblong in others it has got a mel-
liferous fpur, in others it is very fhort. The limb in
fome is equal, in others bilabiated and the upper lip
biAd. There are three Aamina in fome, in others two,
in others only one; in the Abirica four. The Aigma of
the piftil in fome is triAd in others emarginated, in
others globofe. Scarce any feed veflei in fome*, in others
a thick capfule, in others bilocular. The feeds of fome
have down, others have none. Thefe obfervations have
relation in general to the exotic valerians.

Officinalis, Great wild Valerian^ the flower of Vvhich
has three ftamina, and all the leaves are pinnate. In

C molft

-lo TRIANDRIA MONOGYNIA,

moiil wet hedges, and the Tides of ditches moft common-
ly. Per. June.

A variety of this, with narrow leaves, called Moun-
tain Valerian is found near Buxton-well \ Above a flony
and thorny place called JJkwood., Dcrby/Ji.

'Dioka. Small Marjh Valerian., the flower of which has
tliree ftamina, but the female parts are not on the fame
plant. I'he leaves are pinnate. Hudson fays the radi-
cal leaves are oval, and thofe on the ftalk pinnate. In
inoifl: pafturcs. , Per. June.

Lccujia. Lamp s-Letiuce or Ccrn-Sallet., the flower of
which hath three fliarnina, the ftalk is dichotomous, and
the leaves arc linear. In plo wed fields. An. May., June.

CROCUS. Saffron.

The cup or fpatha is monophyllous. The tube c-f
the flower is fimple and long. The limb is divided in-
to fix fegments, and every fegm.ent is ovato-oblong and
equal. The three filaments are Tubulated, and fhorter
than the corolla, with antheriE fhaped like arrows. The
germen is roundiih, theftyleis like thread, of the length
of the ftamina. The iligmata are three, convoluted and
ferrated. fl'he fruit is a roimdifli capfule containing
three lobes, three cells, and three valves, having many
roundiih feeds.

Sativus. Saffron. The fpatha or cup has one radical
valve and a very long tube of the fiower. About Saffron--
walden inEffex. Per. Aug.

« IRIS. Flower-de-luce.

The cup has two valves, and continues till the fruit be
ripe. I'he fiov/er is fexpartite, each petal being oblong
and obtufe, the three exterior are refiex, the three interi-
or are eredt, more acute, and all connebled by ungues.
I'here are three fubuiated filaments which lie upon the
refiexed petals. The anthertc are oblong, flraight and
deprefled. The germen is oblong, and placed beneath
tlic receptacle: The ftyle is fimple and very fhort; the

fligma

TRIANDRIA M O N O G Y N I A. it

ftigma is very large and tripartite ^ the fegments arc
like the petals, broad and reflex with bifid apices. The
fruit is an oblong, angulated, trilocular capfule with three
valves, containing many large feeds.

Obf. Linn. The neftarium in feme is a villofe line
ingraved upon the bafe of the reflexed petals; in others
there are externally three points at the bafe of the flower.
The capfule in feme is trigonal, in others hexagonal.

Pfeudacorus, Yellow V/ater Flower-de-luce v/ith flowers
without beards, the inner petals lefs than the ftigma and
the leaves fliaped like a fword. In rivers and moift mea-
dows. Per. July.

Fcetidijfinia. Stinking Gladdon with beardlefs flowers,
inner petals very patent, the ftaiks without angles and
the leaves fliaped like a fword. In woods and hedges
near Hcrnfey. Per. June and July.

FRY GY N I A cotnprcherJs fuck as have three pijlils.

M O N T I A. Water-Ckickweed.

■ The cup confiiTs of two oval, concave, obtufe, ered
leaves that remain till the fruit is ripe. The fiov/er is mo-
nopetalous and quinquepartite; three of the fegments are
alternately lefs and fupport theftamina. ' There are tliree
capillary filaments the length of the corolla, on which
they are inferred, with fmall antherae. The germen is
turbinated, with tliree villofe patent ftyles and iimplc
ftigmata: The fruit is a turbinated, obtufe, covered,
unilocular capfule, with three valves, containing three
roundifli feeds.

Obf. Linn. The cup has often three leaves, and there
are often five ftamina.

Ftntana. Montia. Water -Chi ckveeed. An. April.

C ^

C L A S S

iia TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA,

CLASS IV.

TETRANDRIA.

^he plants of this clafs have four fiamina^ and from one to
four piftils.

MONOGTNIA comprehends fuch plants as have only

one piftil.

D I P S A C U S. Wild Teasel.

H E common cup confifts of many flowers, and

i many leaves that are longer than the flofcule, lax
and endure till the fruit be ripe. The proper cup is
fcarce manifeft, refting upon the germen. The proper
iiniverfal flower is equal, monopetalous and tubulofe,
the limb is quadrifid and eredl, the exterior fegm.ent be-
ing larger and more acute. There are four capillary
filaments, longer than the corolla, with the antherse in-
cumbent. The germen is beneath the proper receptacle,
the ityle is like thread and the length of the corolla,
with a Ample ftigma. The fruit is a common recepta-
cle of a conical figure, befet with long fcales, con-
taining a Angle columnar feed with a marginaceous rim.

Fullonum, Manured T eafel with ferrated feffile leaves,
and the beards of the fruit bended back. Bien. July.

Pilofus, Small wild T eafel with leaves on the foot fialks.
In watery places and in hedges. Aug.

Sylvejlris. Wild Peafel with ferrated, fefiile leaves, and
the -beards of the fruit erecb. Bien. July. About the
New-Mill near Burton^ Weji.

SCABIOSA. ScABius.

The common cup confifts of many flowers, and many
leaves, furrounding the receptacle in various feries and
refting upon it, of v/hich the interior ones are gradually
kfs. The proper cup is double and both are upon the

germen

TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

gcrmen. The exterior cup is fliorter, membranaceous,
plicated, and endures till the fruit be ripe. The interi-
or cup is quinquepartite, the fegments are fubulato-capil-
laceoLis. The univerfal flower is equal-, the proper one
is monopetalous, tubulofe, half cut Into four or five
equal, and often unequal, fegments.

There are four filaments that are fubulato-capillary
and weak, with oblong incumbent antherie. The ger-
men beneath the proper receptacle is involved in a flieath
as it were in a iliiall cup or calyx. The ftyle is like
thread of the length of the corolla. The fligma is ob-
tufe and obliquely emarginated. There is no feed vef-
fel, but the feeds are folitary, cvato-oblong, wrapped up
and crowned v/ith their proper cups. The common re-
ceptacle is convex.

Siiccifa. Scabius or DeviPs Bit with quadrind, equal
flowers. Ample (talk branches approximating, and leaves
lanceolato-oval and entire. In meadows and paftures. On
MrTowNLEy’s, of Leighton-liall^ meadows adjoining the-
moffes. Per. July and Aug.

Arvenfis. Cormnoyi Field Scabius with quadrifld flowers
forming a ray, a hifpid flalk and pinnatifld leaves. Per.
Aug.

Columbaria. Fhe lejjer Field Scabius with quinquifid
flowers forming a ray ; the radical leaves are oval and
crenated, thofe on the flialk are pinnated and fetaceous.
In mountainous paflures. On DuppeP s-Hill Croydon,
Per. July. In feveral dry paflures about Tealandy Lan.

A S P E R U L A. WooDROoF.

The cup is fmall, quadridentated, and placed upon the
germen. The flower is monopetalous and infundibu-
liform-, the tube is cylindraceous and long^ the limb is
quadripartite and the fegments are oblong, obtufe and
reflex. The four filaments are placed on the fummit of
the tube, with Ample antherse. The germen is didy-
mous, roundifh, and beneath the receptacle-, the flyle is
like thread and bifid, and the fligmata are headed.

The

14 TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA,

The Fniit is two dry globofe berries joined together,'
containing fingle, roundiflu, and large feeds.

Odorata. fVoodrcof mih eight lanceolated leaves, and
flowers in a bunch, fee on by peduncles. In woods and
fhady places.. Pef\ May,

Cynanchka, Squinaneywort with four linear leaves:
the upper leaves are placed oppofite on an eredt (talk, and
the flowers are quadrind. In dry mountains, efpecially
chalky. • Per, July,

G A L L I U M. Lady’s Bedstraw.

The cup is fmall, quadridentated, and refts upon the
germen. The flower is rnonopetalous, wheelfliaped,
quadripartite and acute. The germen is didymous and •
below the receptacle. The ftyie is of a thread-like-form,
femibifid and the length of the flamina, with globofe .
Higmata. The fruit is two dry, globofe berries joined to-
gether, containing fingle, large feeds of a kidneyfliape.

Paluftre. JVkite Ladfs Bedfiraw with -four oval, un-
equal leaves, and diffuie (talks. On the banks of rivers
and moifl meadows. Per. July.

Ptifillum. P’he leajl Ladfs Bedjlraiv with "eight hifpid,
linear, acuminated, imbricated leaves, and dichotomous
peduncles. On the mountains near Kendal mWefl. On
many mountains in the north of Lane. Per. Mug.

Verum. Tellow Ladfs Bedfiraw., or Cheeje-renning with
eight linear fulcated leaves, and fhort branches bearing:
Bowers. ' In way-fides and dry places frequently. July
and Aug.

Mohianum. Mountain Ladfs Bedfiraw with four li-
near fliining leaves, aAveak (talk and (hining feeds. On
mountains. Per. July.

Mollugo. IVild Madder with eight ovato-iinear, ferrat-
ed, patent, mucronated leaves, a feeble ftaik, and patent
branches. In hedges. June and July.

Uligmdfum. MarJJi Goofe-grafs with fix lanceolated.,
ferrated, mucronated and ftiff, pungent pointed leaves,
and flowers larger than the fruit. On heatliy and moii^

TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

paftures. On Hamppad-heath plentifully. ‘ Per, June
and July,

Boreale, Crojport Madder with four lanceolated leaves
and three fhining nerves, an ered ftalk and hifpid feeds.
On mountains. Per. June till Aug. Near Orton and
many other places in Wefi. as on the banks of the river
hum a little above IQrkby Bridge.

Aparine. Cleavers or Gcofe Grafs with eight lanceola-
ted, carinated, rough, pungent, lharp pointed leaves, viU
/ lofe joints and hifpid fruit. An. May till Aug.

Spurium. Goofe Grafs with fmoother feeds and fix lan-
ceolated, carinated, rough, pungent, fnarp pointed leaves,
and fim pie joints. An. June.

Parifienfe, P'he leaf Goofe Grafs with verticillate, line-
ar leaves, bifid peduncles and hifpid fruit. On walls
and barren paftures. Per. July.

Ere^um. Small Mountain Baftard Madder with eight
fnining, lanceolated, fliarp pointed leaves, an upright
ftalk, a panicle at the end, and dichotomous peduncles*
Per. Aug.

RUB r*A. Wild-madder.

The cup is fmall, quadridentated, and fixed above the
germen. The flower is monopetalous, campanuiated,
quadripartite and without a tube. The four fubulated
filaments are fliorter than the corolla with Ample anthc-
Y'St. The germen is didymous and beneath the recepta-
cle. The ftyle is like thread, and bifid, with headed
ftigmata. ’The fruit is two fliining berries growing to-
gether, containing foiitary, roundiih, umbilicated feeds.

Cbf. Linn. The ^wer is often quinquifid.

Anglica. Wild-AIadder with four leaves. On St Vin^
eenCs Rock near Brijhl. July and Aug.

P L A N T A G O. Plantain.

The cup is quadripartite, ere(ft, fliort and endures till
the fruit be ripe. The flower is monopetalous, endures
till the fruit be ripe and then v/irhere away*, the tube is

cvlindricaliy

r(5 TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

cylindrically globofe; The limb is quadripartite andde-
prefTed, and the fegments oval and acute. The four fi-
laments are capillary, eredl; and very long*, the antherae
are oblongifli, comprefied and incumbent. The germen
is oval, the ityle is like thread, of half the length of the
ftamina. The fruit is an oval, bilocular capiule, with
a lax difiepimentum and many oblong feeds.

Obf. Linn. The cup in fome is equal, in others
unequal.

Plantains with naked Stems,

Major, Plantain with oval fmooth leaves, a round
ilem and a fplke with imbricated flofcules. By way fides
An. Ju7ie and Jtdy,

Media. Hoary Plantain v/ith ovato-lanceolated, hoary
leaves, a cylindrical fpike and roundifh ftem. In gra-
velly paftures and road-fides. Per. July and Aug. '

Lanceolata. Ribwort Plantain with lanceolated leaves,
a naked, oval fpike, and angulated fiem. Pe'r, June — Aug.

Maritima. Narrow leaved Sea Plantain with entire,
femicylindrical leaves, a woolly bafe and a long round
ftem.' On the fea-fhore between Newcajlle and Morpeth.
Per. June and July.

Lceffangii. Sea Plantain with linear and fomewhat dent-
ed leaves a round ftem, and cylindrical fpike, with cari-
nated, membranaceous bradleai. Per. Jidy.

Coronoptis. Buckjhorn Plantain with linear, dented leaves
and a long round ftem. In gravelly places. An. July
and Aug.

Unifiora. Grafs-leaved Plantain with one flower, and
fubulated leaves. In fandy paftures. On Hounjley -heath
near IVitton.

Montana. Mountain Plantain with lineari-lanceolated
leaves that are woolly at the bafe, a roundifh fpike, and
long round ftem. Hudson’s Fl. Ang. Per. July.

CENTUNCULUS,

tETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 17

'CENTUNCULUS. Bastard Pimpernel.

The cup is quadripartite, patent, and remains till the
fruit be ripe; the legmen ts are acute, lanceolated, and
longer than the corolla. The flower is monopetalous
and wheel -fliaped. The tube is partly globofe. The
limb is quadripartite and plain with fegments fomewhat
oval. The four filaments are almofl; the length of the
corolla having Ample antheras. The germen is round-
ifh, fituated within the tube of the flower; the ftyle is
like thread, of the length of the flower and remains till
the fruit be ripe, having a Ample fliigma. The fruit is
a globofe, unilocular capfuie containing many fmall feeds.

Minimus, Bajiard Pimpernel with alternate, oval leaves.
Found near the Paper Mills on Hounjlow-heath, Dr.
Watson. An, June,

SANGUISORBA. Burnet.

The cup confiits of two leaves oppoAte each other,
very fhort, and fall off with the flower, which is monope-
talous, plain and quadripartite, the fegments being oval
and obtufe, cohering only at the ungues. The four Ala-
ments are broadefl towards the top, and of the length of
the corolla, with roundifli, fmall antheras. The germen
is tetragonal, fituated between the cup and corolla. The
ftyle is like thread and very fhort with an obtufe ftigma.
The fruit is a fmall, bilocular capfuie, containing fmall
feeds.

Oficinalis, Burnet with oval fpikes. In wettifh paf-
tures and dry mountains. Per,

A L C H E M I L L A. Lady’s Mantle.

The cup is monophylious, tubulated and endures till
the fruit be ripe; the mouth is plain and divided into
eight parts; the fegments are alternately lefs. There is
no flower, but four ereeft fubulated and very fmall Ala-
ments placed on the mouth of the cup with roundifli
antheras. The germen is oval, the ftyle is like thread,
of the length of the ftamina, and placed on the bafe of

D the

i8 TETRANi:)RIA DIGYNIA.

the germen with a globofe ftigma. The neck of the
cup is flint and contains a Angle, elliptical, comprefled
feed.

Vulgaris, Ladfs Mantle with leaves in a lobe. On
mountains and paftiires. Per, June — Aug,

Alpina, Cinquefoil Ladfs Mantle with digitated, ferra-
ted leaves. On Limefione-Knot in Longsleddale fix miles
from Kendal, JVeft. Wilson’s Sy. Per, July,

Minor ^ "The leaf Ladfs Mantle with lobated, plicated,
acutely ferrated leaves like fllk. Per, July,

We have, in conformity to the original, clafTed Vervain
among the Diandria Monogynia plants, tho’ it has, we
believe invariably four ftamina and ought with great pro-
priety to be inferted among the plants of this ckfs, we
mean the*englifli Vervains.

SHERARDIA. Little Field-Madder.

The cup is fmall, quadridentated, placed above the
germen and endures till the fruit be ripe. The flower is
monopetalous and infundibuliform, with a long cyiindra^^
ceous tube: The limb is quadripartite, plain and acute.
The four filaments are placed on the top of the tube
with fimple antherae. I'he germen is didymous, oblong
and beneath the receptacle, the ftyle is like thread and
bifid at the fummit, with headed ftigmata. The fruit is
oblong, coronated, and longitudinally feparabie into two
feeds that are oblong and marked on the apices with
three points, convex on one fide and plain on the other.

Arvepjis, Little Field Madder with all the leaves in
whorls, and flowers at the end of the ftalks. Maj and
June,

D IG T N I A comprehends fuch as have two pifiils.

A P H A N E S. Parsley-piert.

The cup is monophyllous, tubulated, and remains till
the fruit be ripe-, the mouth is plain and divided into
eight parts, the fegments being alternately lefs. There

is \

TETRANDRIA DIGYNIA TETRAGYNIA 19

is no flower, but four ered, fubulated, very fmall fila-
ments, placed on the mouth of the cup, with roundifh
antheraj. There are tv/o oval germina with flryles like
thread, of the length of the ilamina, and placed at the
bafe of the germen. The lligmata are headed. The cup
contains in the bottom two oval, acuminated, compref-
fed feeds of the length of the ftyle.

Obf. Linn. This plant approaches near to the La^
dfs Mantle.

We have but one fpecies of this plant. In dry paf-
tures and on rocky mountains. An. May — Aug. Ou
7'ealand common plentifully.

B U F O N I A. Bastard Chickweed.

The cup is'tetraphyllous, eredt and endures till the
fruit be ripe, the leaves are fubulated and carinated with
membranaceous margins. There are four flower petals,
oval, emarginated, eredt, equal, and fliorter than the cup.
The four filaments are equal and the length of the ger-
men, with didymous antherae. The germen is oval, com-
prefled with two ftyles the length of the ftarnina.
The fruit is an oval, comprefied, unilocular capfule with
two valves, containing two oval comprefied feeds, that
are convex on one fide.

•We have but one fpecies of this plant. On the fea
fhore. On Hounjlow -heath. R. Sy. May.

T ET R A G T N I A comprehends fuch as have four piftils.

POTAMOGETON. Pondweed.

There are four roundifh, obtufe, concave, eredt, un-
guiculated, deciduous petals without any cup. The four
filaments are plain, obtufe and fmall with didymous and
ibort antherae. There are four ovally-pointed germina
and obtufe ftigmata. There is no feed vefiel, but the
feeds are four in number, roundifh and acuminated, gib-
bous on one fide, and comprelfed and angulated on the
other.

D 2

Natans.

joTETRANDRIA TETRAGYNIA.

Natans. Broad leaved Pondweed with oblongo-oval
petiolated fwimming leaves. In rivers. Per. Ang.

Perfoliatum. Per foliated Pondweed with cordate leaves
furrounding the ftalks. In rivers. Per. June and July.

Lucens. Loyig-leaved Pondweed with plain lanceolated
leaves ending in petioles. In rivers and lakes. Per. June.

Crifpum. Phe great Water -Caltrops with lanceolated
leaves alternately undulated and ferrated. In rivers, dit-
ches, and ftanding waters. May and June.

Seraturn. P l\e lejj'er Water-caltrcps or Frog's-lettuce with
oppofite, lanceolated leaves, partly undulated. In fmooth
running rivers. Per. June.

CompreJJum. Pondweed with linear, ohtufe leaves and
a flat llaik. Per. June and July.

Pegiinatum. Fennel-leaved Pondweed w’ith fetaceous,
parrallel leaves growing in diflichs. In the Serpentine
river in Hide-Park. Per. June.

Gramineum. Grafs-leaved Pondweed with linearly, lanr
ceolated leaves, alternately fefiile and broader than the
ftipula. In the ditches about Deptford. Per.

Marinum. ^ea Pondweed wdth linear leaves alternate-
ly diftindt, and at the bottom forming a kind of a fheath.
In ditches near the fea. Per. Aug.

Piifillum. Small grafs-leaved Pondweed with oppofite,
alternately diflant leaves, patent at the bafe, on a long
round ftaik. In ditches and ftanding Waters. Per.
June — Aug.

S AGINA. Pea^ilwort oi'Chickweed break-stone,

The cup confifts of four oval, concave, patent leaves
that remain till the fruit be ripe; and the flower com
flits of four oval, obtiife, patent petals that are fhorter
than the cup. The four filaments are capillary with
roundifli anthercC: The germen is partly globofe, with
four .fubulatcd ftyles, bending back and downy. The
ftigmata are Ample. The fruit is an oval quadrilocular
capfule confifting of four valves, containing many fmaU
feeds fixed to the receptacle.

Procumhcns.

PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 21

Procumhens, Pearlwort with procumbent branches. On
walls, houfes, and fandy fields. An. June.

EreBa, Phe leaft Stitchwort with an upright ftalk, and
one or three flowers. An. April and May '.

CLASS V.

PENTANDRIA.

The plants of this clafs have five fiamina and from one t9
five pifiils ox more.

MO N 0 G T N I A comprehends finch plants as have but

one pijiil.

MYOSOTIS. Mouse-ear’d Scorpion-grass,

The cup is femiquinquifid, oblong, ered, acute, an4
remains till the fruit be ripe. The flower con-
fills of one petal with a cyiindraceous, lliort tube. The
limb is femiquinquifid and plain ; the'fegments are emar^
ginated and obtufe, The faux is Ihort*, the fquamulx
are five in number, convex, prominent, and connivent.
The five filaments, in the neck of the tube, are very
fhort, with very fmall, covered antherse. The germina
are four: The llyle is like thread, of the length of the
tube of the corolla, with an obtufe lligma. The cup i$
large, eredl, and contains four oval, acuminated, fmooth
feeds.

Scorpioid^s. Moufie-eaPd Scorpion-grafis' naked feeds,
and the apices of the leaves callous. All the reft found
in England are only varieties and not diftindl fpecies. la
dry meadows and in ditches. Per. April— Aug.

LITHOSPERMUM, Gromwelu
The cup is quinquepartite, oblong, ftraight, acute and
endures till the fruit be ripe^ the fegments arc Tubulated,

and

22 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA;

and keel-fhaped. The flower confifts of one petal the
length of the cup, and is infundibuliform. The tube is
cylindraceous, the limb is femiquinquifid, obtufe, ered:
with a perforated faux. The five filaments are very
fiiort, with oblong anthers in the faux of the corolla.
There are four germina with a thread-like ftyle the length
of the tube of the corolla, and an obtufe, bifid fligma.
There is no feed vefTel, but the cup contains four ovato-
acuminated, hard, fhining feeds.

Oficinde. Gromwell with polifhed feeds • and flowers
fcarce appearing above the cup, and lanceolated leaves.
In the Tarns, a common field between Tedand and Burton^
plentifully. Lan, About BriftoL In Carlton wood, Camh*
Dr. WiLMER.. Ber. June July,

Purpuro-cxruleum, The lejjer creeping Gromwell with po-
iilhed feeds and flowers much larger than the cup. In
piountainous paftures. Per, June,

Arvenfe. Baftard Alkalet with rugofe feeds, and flow-
ers fcarce appearing above the cup. An, June and July.

A N C H U S A. Alkalet.

The cup is quinquepartite, oblong, round, acute, and
endures till the fruit be ripe. The flower is monopeta-
lous and infundibuliform ; the tube is cylindraceous and
the length of the cup j the limb is femiquinquifid, credo-
patent and obtufe. The faux is fnut with five convex,
prominent, oblong connivent fcales : The five filaments
are very fhort, in the mouth of the corolla, with oblong,
incumbent, covered antherse. There are four germina,
and a thread-like ftyle, the length of the ftamina. The
ftigma is obtufe and emarginated. The cup, which ber
comes large and ered, contains four oblong, obtufe, and
gibbous feeds.

Sempervirens, Evergreen Alkalet with capitated, diphyU
lous peduncles.. Found near Vauxhall, June and July.

CYNOGLOSSUM. Hound’s-tongue.
The cup is quinquepartite, oblong, acute, and endures

till

PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 2g

till the fruit be ripe 5 the flower is monopetalous, infun-
dibuliform aud the length of the cup, the tube is cylin-
draceous and fhorter than the limb, which is femiquin-
quifid, the faux is fliut with five convex, prominent, con-
nivent leaks. The five filaments are very fliort in the
faux of the corolla, with roundifli naked antherse. There
are four germina, with a fubulated ftyle, the length of the
ftamina, that endures till the fruit be ripe, and the flig-
ma is emarginated. There is no feed veflel but the a-
rilli of the feeds or outward Ikins which are roundifli,
externally more obtufe and fcabrous, ferve the place
thereof. The feeds are partly oval, gibbous, acuminat-
cd and fmooth.

Obf. Linn. The eflential charadteriftic confifts in
the four arilli fixed to the ftyle and containing each one
feed.

Offiicinale. Hound" s-tongue with ftamina Ihorter than
the flowers, the leaves are broadly lanceolated, feflile and
downy. Very common in the north of Lancajhire, Per.
June and July,

PUL MONARIA, Bugloss-cowslips, or Long-
leaved Sage of Jerusalem,

The cup confifts of one quinquedentated, pentagonal
leaf that endures till the fruit be ripe. The flower is
monopetalous and infundibuliform. The tube is cylin-
drical, and of the length of the cup. The limb is femi-
quinquifid, obtufe, and eredlo-patent. The faux is per-
vious. The five filaments are very Ihort and placed in
the faux, with ere6t, connivent antherae. There are four
germina, and a thread-like ftyle fhorter than the cup.
The ftigma is obtufe and emarginated. There is no
feed veflel, but the cup contains four roundifli, obtufe
feeds in its bottom.

Oficinalis. Sage of Jerufakm with radical, ovato-cor-
date, and fcabrous leaves. In woody places. Per, May
and June.

Maritima, Sea-Buglofs with fhortened cups, oval

leave^.

24 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA;

leaves, and a ramofe procumbent ftalk. In the IJle of WaU
Whitehaven » Cum. Mr. Lawson. Per i July.

SYMPHYTUM. Comfrev.

The cup is quinquepartite, ere6t, pentagonal, acute, and
endures till the fruit be ripe: The flower is monopeta-
ious; the tube is fhort, the limb is tubulato-ventricofe,
and fomewhat thicker than the tube, the mouth is quin-
quedentated, obtufe and reflex. The faux is furrounded
with five Tubulated rays, fhorter than the tube, which con-
verge into a cone. I'he five filaments are Tubulated and
placed alternately with the rays of the faux, having acute,
ered and covered antherse. T here are four germina, with
a thread-like ftyle, the length of the cup and a Ample
fligma. There is no Teed veflfel, but the cup is enlarged
and contains four gibbous, acuminated, connivent feeds.

Oficinale. Comfrey with ovato-lanceolated, decurrent
leaves. In watery places and on the banks of rivers.
Per. July and ymg.

B O R A G O. Borage.

The cup is quinquepartite, and remains till the fruit
be ripe. 'I'he flower is monopetaious, wheel-Thaped and
the length of the cup. I'he tube is fliorter than the cup.
'i'he limb is quinquepartite, round and plain. The faux
is coronated, having five prominencies, emarginated and
obtufe. I'here are five Tubulated, connivent filaments^
with oblong antherae affixed to the internal fide of the ft
laments. 'I'here are four germina with a thread-like fly le
longer than the ftamina. The fligma is Ample. There
is no Teed vefTel but the cup becomes larger, inflated, and
contains four roundifli, rugoTe feeds, carinated outwardly
from the point, globoTe at the bafe, and inferred into a
hollow receptacle.

Oficindis. Borage with the leaves placed alternately,
and patent cups. Per. June-^Aug.

ASPERUGO.

PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 25

AS PERU GO. German Madwort.

The cup is monophyllous, quinquifid, ereiS:, with un-
equal denticles, and remains till the fruit be ripe. The
flower is monopetalous and infundibuliform. The tube
is cylindraceous and very fliort. The limb is femiquin-
quifid, obtufe and fmall. The faux is Ihut with five con-
vex, prominent, connivent fcales.

The five filaments are very fliort and placed in the
faux, with oblongifli and covered anthers. There are
four comprefled germina with a thread-like fliort ftyle,
and an obtufe ftigma. There is no feedveflfel, but the cup
which is very large, ered, comprefled, and connivent,
contains four oblong comprefled feeds, Handing by pairs.

Procumbens, German Madwort with comprefled cups.
By Boxley in Suffex and in the Holy IJland^ R. Sy, Near
Purjieet in EJfex^ D Alchorne. An. April and May.

LYCOPSIS. Small wild Bugloss.

The cup is quinquepartite,the fegments oblong, acute,
patulent and remain till the fruit be ripe. The flower
is monopetalous and infundibuliform: The tube is cy-
lindraceous and bended, the limb is femiquinquifid
and obtufe. The faux is Ihut and the fcales are con-
vex, prominent and connivent. There are five very fmall
filaments at the flexure of the tube of the corolla. There
are four germina with a thread-like ftyle the length of
the (lamina, and an obtufe bifid ftigma. There is no
feed veflTel, the cup being veiy large and inflated, con-
tains four oblongifli feeds.

Obf. Linn. The effential charader confifts in the
curvature of the tube of the corolla.

Arvenjis. Small wild Buglofs with hifpid, lanceolated
leaves and ered cups. In fields and by road-fides. An.
June and Sep^

E

ECMIUM

S6PENTANDRIAM0N0GYNIA.

E C H I U M. Viper’s Bugloss.

The cup IS quinquepartlte, ere6t and endures till the
fruit be ripe*, the fegments are llibulated and eredt. The
flower is monopetalous and campanulated; tlie tube is
very lliort and the limb ered, growing gradually wider at
the extremity, v/here it is divided into five unequal feg-
ments*, the two upper fegments being longer than the
reft, and the loweft one is fmall, acute and reflex*, the
faux is pervious. There are five Tubulated filaments of
the length of the corolla, declining and unequal, withob-
long, incumbent antherae. There are four gcrmina with
a thread-like ftyle the length of the ftamina, and an ob*
tufe, bifid ftigma. There is no feed veflel, inftead of
which the cup becomes rigid and contains four roundifh
and obliquely acuminated feeds.’ ’ . .

Vulgare, . Vifer"^ Buglofs with ^a tuberculato-hifpid
ftalk, the ftalk leaves are lanceolated and hifpid, the fpike
flowers are on the fide. In fields and road Tides. Per,
July.

Anglicum, Engli/h VipePs Buglofs with a fimple, erecft
ftalk, lanceolato-li near hifpid leaves, and the’ fpike flow-
ers on one fide. The ftamina are longer than the corolla.
Miller’s DiB. Aug,

Italicum, Wall VipePs Buglofs with a hairy, ered ftalk,
rough fpikes and very long ftamina. In Tandy places.
In the ifle of JerJe)\ on the Tandy grounds near St Hilary^
plentilully. Hud. Flo. Ang. Per. July.

PRIMULA. Primrose.

The involucrum hath' many leaves, many flowers, and
is very fmall. The cup is monophyllous, tubulated, pen-
tagonal, quinquedentated, acute, ereft, and ejidureth till
the fruit be ripe.

The flower is monopetalous, the tube is cylindraceous
and the length of the cup, terminated with a fmall hemi-
fpherical neck. The limb is patent and femiquinquifid;
the fegments cordate, emarginated, and obtufe, with a

pervious

PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 27

pervious faux. The five filaments are very fhort, with-
in the neck of the corolla. The antherse are acumina-
ted, ered: and connivent. The germxn is globofe, the
ftyle is thread-like, of the length of the cup, with a glo-
bofe lligma. The fruit is a roundifh capfule almoft the
length of ihe cup, covered, unilocular and has ten dents,
containing numerous, roundilli feeds. The receptacle is
ovato-obiong and loofe.

Vulgaris, Common Prmrofe with rngofe, dented leaves,
and a item having but one Hower. In woods and hedg-
es. Per, Apil and May,

Veris, Cowjlips with rngofe dented leaves and a ftem
having many flowers. Plentiful in many Parts of the
North of Lan. Per, April and Mlay.

Farinofa. Bird's Eye with crenated fmooth leaves and
the limb of the flower plain. In the meadows about
height on-hall^ the feat ot Geo. Townley, Efq. han,
plentifully. In foft ground in Lan. Wejl, and Torkjh,
Per. May., June and July,

MENYANTHES. Marsh Trefoil, or Buck-beajt.

The cup is monophyllous, quinquepartite, ered, and
endures till the fruit be ripe. I'he flower is monopeta-
lous and infundibuiiform. The tube is cylindrically-
infundibuliform, and fhort. The limb is quinquifid be-
yond the middle, the fegments are reflexo-patent, obtufe
and roughifh. The five filaments are fubulated and fliort
with acute antherae, bifid to the bafe and ered. The
germen is conical, the ftyle is cylindrical and almoft the
length of the flower. The ftigma is bifid and flat. The
fruit is an oval capfule, unilocular and furrounded with
a cup containing many oval, fmall feeds.

T rifolia. Marjh F refoil or Buck-hean with three leaves.
In wet meadows frequently. About New-dyke and
F e-wit-field-h arn.^ near Tealand., Lamajhire, Per. June and
July.

Ffymphoides, Fringed Water dil)\ with entire cordate
E 2 leaves

28 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

leaves and ciliated flowers. In rivers and large ditches.
Per, ""June and July,

H O T T O N I A. Water-Violet.

The cup is monophyllous and quinquepartite, the
fegments are linear and eredo-patulent. The flower is
monopetalous and hypocrateriform ; and the tube is the
length of the cup. The limb is quinquifid and plain;
the fegments are ovato-oblong and emarginated. The
five filaments are fubulated, Ihort, ere6t, oppofite to the
fegments of the corolla, and placed upon the tube thereof
with oblong antherae. The germen is globofo-acuminat-
ed. The ftyle is thread-like and fhortwith aglobofe ftig-
ma. The fruit is a globofe, acuminated, unilocular cap-
fule, placed upon the cup, containing many globofe feeds,
I he receptacle is globofe and large.

Palufiris, IVater Violet with a verticillate peduncle
containing many flowers. In ditches and lakes frequent-
ly. On Briglieer mofs near Kendal JVeJl, plentifully. Per»
July and Aug,

LYSIMACHIA. Willow-herb.

The cup is quinquepartite, acute, ere6t, and remains
till the fruit be ripe. The flower is monopetalous and
wheel-fhaped without any tube, the limb is quinquepar-
tite and plain, the fegments ovato-oblong. The five fil-
aments are fubulated with acuminated antherse. The
germen is roundifn, the flyle is like thread, of the length
of the ftamina, with an obtufe ftigma. The fruit is a
globofe, unilocular capfule with ten valves and many an-
gulated feeds. The receptacle is globofe, very large and
pundated.

Such whofe peduncles have many flowers,,

Vulgaris, Yellow Willow-herb,, or Loofeftrife with a pai
aide and branches terminating with flowers.

Yellow

PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 29

Tellow Wilhw-herh with fhort obtiife leaves and the
flowers gathered into a head. R. Syn. 282. In fhady
places and on banks of rivers. Per, June and July,
^hirfijiora, tufted Loofejlrife with lateral pedunculated
branches. In the Eajl Riding oi Tor kjliire. Per, June.

Such whofe peduncles, have lut one flower.

Nemorum, Tellow Pimpernel of the Woods with acute,
oval leaves, folitary flowers and a procumbent ftalk. la
woods and often by road-fides. Per, May,, June,

Nummularia, Moneywort with leaves partly cordate^
folitary flowers and a creeping flalk. In moill: meadows
and paftures. Per, June and July,

Tenella, Purple Moneywort with oval leaves fomewhat
acute, peduncles longer than the flowers and a creeping
ftalk. In paludihus cefpitofls: Hudson. On the little
hills, upon the moflfy ground on Tealand Common, below
Mr Clarkson’s of Brackenthwaite,, Lan, plentifully. Pa\
July and Auguft.

ANAGALLIS. Pimpernel.

The cup is quinquepartite, acute, and endures ti’l
the fruit be ripe, and the fegments are cannatcd. Tire
flower is monopetalous, and wheel-lhaped w.trioat any
tube. The limb is quinquepartite and plain*, lIi.
ments are ovato-orbiculated and joiri«:u oy ur ^
The five filaments are eredt, fliorter tii^a t ie . ; . ,

and rough towards the bottom. The antlierae ^

The germen is globofe, the ftyle is thrcini- I

nightly inclined, with a headed ftigma. 1 - . - i

globofe, unilocular and cut round, naving : .
ted feeds. The receptacle is gloDole a n v w. ; ;

Arvenfis, Male 2CCiAFernale Pirnperne • . .,wd

leaves, and a procumbent ftalk. CoUi.; : ^ .ids ani

dry places. The others mentionca ; n ; . are only

varieties and not diftindt fpecies. ///;•: ^

C O X ■'1 y . ■ ^ k^ Xj S*’

30 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA

CONVOLVULUS. Bindweed.

The cup is quinquepartite, connivent, oval, obtule,
very fmall and endureth dll the fruit be ripe. 1 iic flower
is monopetalous, campanulated, parent, large, folded
and obiblecely quinquelobed. The five filaments are lubu-
lated, fnorcer by half than the corolla, the anthers are
oval and comprelTed. The germen, is roundiih, the iLle
is thread-like, of the length of the ftamina. There are
two ftigmata, oblong and broadilh. The fruit is a round-
iih capfule wrapped up in the cup having one, two, or
three valves, and two roundifh feeds.

Obf. Lin.v. The flower has commonly ten notches
in the edge.

Such as have climhing Stalks.

Arveyifis. Small Binkv.'ted with fagitated leaves, fliarp
on both Tides, and one flow^er on the peduncle. In fields
and roads almoft every where. Fer. June and July.

Sepiurn. Great Bhidzveed with fagitated, truncated
leaves, and tetragonal peduncles wdth Tingle flowers.
In hedges often. Per. June and July.

Soldanella. Sea Bindzveed with kidney-fliaped leaves,
and peduncles with Tingle flowers and a proitrate Italk.
Frequent on the Tea- fh ore. Per. July.

>> - A

POLEMONIUM, Valerian, Ladder to

Heaven, and Jacob’s Ladder.

The cup is monophyllous, femiquinquifid beneath the
receptacle, fhaped like a glais, acute and remains till the
fruit be ripe. The flower is monopetalous and wheel-
fhaped, the tube is fhorter than the cup, Ihut with 'five
valves to the apex. The limb is quinquepartite, large
and plain; the Tegments are roundifh and obtuTe. The
five filaments are inferred upon the valves of the tube of
a thread-like form, fhorter than the corolla, and inclin-
ed. The antherae are roundifh and fixed on by the Tides.
The germen is oval, acute, and the ftyle is a thread-like

form.

PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA* 31

Arm, the length of the corolla. The ftigma Is trifid and
bended backwards. The fruit is a trigono-oval, tnlocu-
lar capfule with three valves, and many irregular, acute
feeds.

Cceruleum, JaeoFs Ladder with pinnate leaves, ere6h
flowers, and cups longer than the tube of the corolla.
About Malham-cove, Dr Richardson. Per, June.

CAMPANULA. Bell-flower.

The cup is qiiinquepartitc, acute, ere6lo-patent, and
above the receptacle. The flower is monopetalous, cam-
panulated, h-npervious at the bafe, femiquinquifid, and
withereth away; the fegments are broad, acute and pa-
tulent. The nedtarium is in tlie bottom of the corolla
made up of five acute, fmall, connivent valves, that co-
ver the receptacle. The five filaments are capillary, ve-
ry fliort, and inferted upon the top of the valves of the
nedbarium. The antherae are comprefled and longer than
the filaments. The germen is angular and beneath the
receptacle, the ftyle is like thread and longer than the
flramina. The ftigma is tripartite, oblong, thickifli and
bended backwards. The fruit is a roundifli, angulated
capfule, having three or five valves, and as many lateral
formina emitting the feeds, v/hich are numerous and fmall
The receptacle is fixed and columnar.

Obf. Linn. The figure of the feed vefTel is Indeter*
minate.

RotundifoUa. L'he lejfer round leaved EelUflswer with
the leaves towards the root of a kidney fhape, and thofe
on the ftalk linear. In dry barren paftures frequent.
July and Aug.

Patula. Field Bell-flower with very ftraight leaves, and
thofe towards the root lanceolato-oVal and a patulent pa-
nicle. In woods and hedges. In Buddon wood near
Loughborough., Leiceft, Mr Pultney. Per, July and
Aug.

Uniflora. Mountain Bell-flower with one flow«r an thq
ftalk. On the mountains about Grafmere in fFeft. Hudson,-
Per. July and Aug, Rep.neuht

j2 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA;

Rapunculus. Rampions with undulated leaves, thofe at
the root being lanceolato-oval, with a panicle not patu-
lent. On the banks of ditches and fields but not com-
mon. Near Croydon in Surry, Hudson. Per, Aug,

Latifolia, Giant's "Phroatwort with ovato-lanceolated
leaves, a very fimple cylindrical ftalk, folitary peduncu-
lated flowers and cernuous fruit. In moft part of the
North plentifully. About Tealands in abundance. Lan.
Per, July and Aug, ' .

Trachelium, with an angulated ftalk,

petiolated leaves, ciliated cups, and trifid peduncles. In
woods, and hedges. Per, • July and Aug, .

Glomerata, Lejfer Throatwort with a fimple angulated
ftalk, feflile flowers that end in a head. On mountain-
ous and chalky paftures. Per, July.

Hybrida. . ^he lefs Venus* s looking-glafs or Codded Corn-
Violet with a ftrait branching ftalk at the bafe, oblong,
crenated leaves, aggregated cups, longer than the corolla
and prifmatic capfules. In fields but not common. In
the fields about NorjhJleet and Stone plentifully. An,
June and July,

Hederacea, Ivy-leaved BelUjlower Wixh cordate, quin-,
quelobed, petiolated, fmooth leaves, and a loofe ftalk,

' On moift and watery banks in the Weft of England,
cfpecially in Cornwal and Devonjhire. Hudson. Law-
son found it about Sheffield in Torkfli, Per, May — Aug,

PHYTEUMA. Horned Rampioi^s.

The cup is monophyllous, quinquepartite, acUte, erec- .
to-patent and placed above the germen; The flower is
monopetalous, ftellate, patent, and quinquepartite, the
fegments are linear, acute and bended back. The five
filaments are Ihorter than the corolla, with oblong
antheras. The germen is below the receptacle, the ftyle
is of a thread-like fhape, the length of the corolla, and
bended back. The ftigma is tripartite, oblong and
turned back. The feed veflfel is a roundifli trilocular,
capfule with many fmail, roundifli feeds.

Orbicularis*

PENTANDRlA MONOGYNIA.

Orbicularis, Horned Rampions with a round head, or
fpike of flowers, ferrated leaves, and thofe towards the
root cordate. On dry paftures. On the downs of Hamp-
Jhire and SuJJ'ey:. R. Sy, Per, July,

SAMOLUS. Round-leaved Water-pimpernel;

The cup is quinquepartite, placed above the recepta-
cle and obtufe at the bafe; the fegments are eredf and
remain till the fruit be ripe. The flower is monopeta-
lous and hypocrateriform. The tube is very fhort, only
the length of the cup, and patulent. The limb is plain,
quinquepartite, and obtufe. The fquamulae are very
Ihort at the bafe of the finus of the limb and connivenc.
The five fliort filaments are within the fegments of the
corolla, with connivent, covered anthers. The germen
is beneath the receptacle, the ftyle is thread-like, the
length of the flamina with a headed ftigma. The fruit
is an oval capfule furrounded by the cup containing on-
ly one cell and many fmall oval feeds. The receptacle
is globofe and large.

Vakra^tdi, Round-leaved Water -pimpernel with a rqund-
ifh leaf not crenated. Bauh. Pin. 2^2, Park. 1237.
In moift meadows between Greenwich and Woolwich. Hud-
son. Per, June,

VERBASCUM. Mullein.

The cup is monophyllous, quinquepartite, fmall and
endures till the fruit be ripe, and the fegments are erebf
and acute. The flower is monopetalous and wheel-fhap-
ed, the tube is cylindraceous and fhort, the limb is pa-
tent and quinquepartite, the fegments oval and obtufe.
The five filaments are fubulated, bended backwards,
fhorter than the corolla, with roundifn, compreffed, erec^
antherj£. The germen is roundifh, the ftyle is thread-like,
of the length of the ftamina and bended inwards. The
ftigma is thickifli and obtufe. The fruit is a roundifh,
bilocular capfule. The receptacles are partly oval and
fixed to the diflepimentum. The feeds are numerous
and angulated,

F P’hcipfus^

34 PENTANDRIA xMONOGYNIA.

^hapfus. Great White Mullein^ High-taper^ Cow'sLung-
•wort with decurrent leaves downy on both Tides. Bien.
Jufy.

Lychnitis. Hoary Mullein with oblong leaves like wed-
ges. This I found on Shooter's Hill. Bien. July.

Nigrum. Sage-leaved black Mullein with cordato-oblong
petiolated leaves. July.

Blattaria. 7'ellow Moth Mullein with oblong fmooth
leaves furrounding the ftalk, and folitary peduncles. An.
June.

DATURA. Thorny Apple.

The cup is monophyllous, oblong, tubulated, ventri-
cofe, quinquangular, quinquedentated, horizontally de-
ciduous near the bale, and the remaining part is orblcu-
lated, and endures till the fruit be ripe. The flower is
monopetalous and infundibuliform. I'he tube is cylin-
draceous, commonly longer than the cup. 1 he limb is
credo-patulent, quinquangular, quinqueplicated, almofl:
entire, quinquedentato-acuminated. The five filaments
are Tubulated and the length of the cup, with oblong
comprefiTed, obtufe anther^e. The germen is oval, the
ftyle is like thread and firaight. The Higma is thickilh,
obtufe, bdamellated. I'he fruit is a bilocular, oval cap-
fule with four valves placed on the bafe of the cup.
The receptacles are convex, large, pointed, and fixed to
the difiepi men turn. The feeds are numerous and kid-
ney lhaped.

Stramonium. I’hcrny Apple with fpiny, eredt, oval Teed
vefifels and oval Tmooth leaves. Noovii London. An. July,

HYOSCYAMUS. Henbane.

The cup is monophyllous, ttibulofe, and towards the
bottom ventricofe; the mouth is quinquifid, acute, and
remains till the fruit be ripe. The flower confifts of a
Tingle infundibuliform petal with a fiiort cylindrical tube,
and ereclo-patent limb, lightly divided into five obtufe

Tegments,

PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 35

fegments, one of which is broader than the reft. The
five filaments are fubulated and bended inwards with
roundifh antheras. I'he germen is roundifh, the ftyle is
thread-like, the length of tiie ftamina with a headed ftig-
ma. d he fruit is a capfule of an ovato-obtufe figure with
a line marked on each fide, containing many unequal
feeds.

Niger, Common Henbane with finuated leaves fur-
rovmding the ftalk, and feffile flowers. In way fides and
in places where rubbifli has laid for fome time, common
in the North. An, July,

• ATROPA. DiiADLY Nightshade.

The cup is monophyllous, quinquepartite and gib-
bous, the legments are acute and remain till the fruit be
ripe, i he flower is monopetalous and campanulated,
with a very Ihort tube, a ventricofe, oval limb, longer
than the cup •, the mouth is fmall, quinquifid and patu-
lent with nearly equal fegm.ents. '1 he five filaments are
fubulated and arife out of the bafe of the corolla, the
length thereof, converging at the bafe, diverging at the
top, and fliaped like a bow. The antherie are thickifh,
bending at the bottom, but ered towards the apices.
The germen is femi-oval, the ftyle is thread-like of the
length of the ftamina and bended. The ftigma is headed,
bended towards the bottom, then ereeft, and tranfverfo-ob-
long. T he feed veflel is a globofe berry, upon a large cup,
which is bilocular, containing many kidney fliaped feeds.
The receptacle is convex, kidney-fhaped and flefliy.

Belladonna. Deadly Nightjhade with an herbaceous
ftalk and entire oval leaves. Ahowt fVarton Lane-end.^2sA
Throngwood', Tealand common in feveral places, Lan.
Near Rochefier in Kent^ about Fulborn in Camhridge/ldre.,
Darking in Surry, And about Furnefs Abby., Lan. the
eftate of lord G. Cavendish-, from whence it’s called the
Vale of Nightjhade y by Mr West, Per. May^ June and
July^

Fi SOLANUM-

35PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

S O L A N U M. Common Nightshade.

The cup is monophyilous, femiquinquifid, eredh, acute,
and remains till the fruit be ripe. 1 he flower is mo-
nopetalous and wheel-fliaped, having a very fnort tube.
The limb is iemiquinquind, patent and plicated, with
broad acute fegments. 1 he five fllaments are Tubulated
and very fmall, with oblong connivent antherai, opening
in the apices by two pores. Thegermen is roundifh,
having a thread-like ftyle longer than the fliarnina and an
acute fligma. I'he fruit is a roundifli, fmpoth, bilocular
' berry with a convex fleflry receptacle, having many
roundifh feeds in the pulp.

Nigrum. Nightjhade wdth an herbaceous unarmed
flalk, oval, angular indented leaves, and nodding um-
bels. An. June and July.

Dulcamara. fVoody Nightjhade with a fhrubby flexible,
unarmed flalk, the upper leaves fpearfhaped, and bun-
ches of flowers at the top of the ilalk. In hedges that
have a moifl fituation. Per. June and July.

ILLECEBRUM. Verticillate Knot-Grass.

The cup is pentaphyllous and quinquangular, the
leaves coloured and acuminated, the apices Handing off
one another and remaining till the fruit be ripe. The
flve capillary fllaments are within the cup, having Am-
ple antherte.' The germen is oval, acute, ending in a
fliort, bifid ftyle, having a Ample, obtufe ftigma. The
feed velTel is 'a roundiili capfule, acurninated on both
fides, having five valves and one cell, covered in the cup,
containing one roundifh feed, acute on both fides and
very large.

Verticillaium. Knot-Grafs with naked, verticillate
flovyers and procumbent ftalks. In moift meadows and
paftures about Penzance in Cornwall. R. Sy. Per. July^

G L A U X. Sea Milkwort, or Black Salt-wort.

There is no cup, un’efs you reckon the flower a cup,
which confifts of one quinquepartite, campanulated, eredl

petal

PENTANDRIA MONQGYNIA. 37

petal that endures till the fruit be ripe-, the fegments
are obtufe and bended back. The five filaments are fu-
bulated and eredl, of the length of the corolla, with
roundifh anthcras. The germen is oval, the ftyle is
thread-like, of the length of the flamina, with a headed
ftigma. 1 he fruit is a globofe, acuminated, unilocular
capfule, with five valves and as many roundifh feeds.
I'he receptacle is very large and globofe.

Maritima, Sea Milkwort with elliptico-oblong leaves.
Flo, Lapp. Found on the fea fliore. Per, July,

T H E S I U M. Bastard Toadflax,

The cup is monophyllous, turbinated, femiquinquh
fid and endures till the fruit be ripe-, the fegments are
lanceolated, eredl and obtufe. There is no flower unlefs
the internal coloured cup be one. The five filaments are
fubulated and placed on the bafis of the fegments of the
cup, having roundifh antherse. The germen is beneath
the receptacle, and grows to the bafe of the cup.
The fcyleis thread-like and of the length of the flamina
with an obtufe, thickifh fligma. There is no feed veflTel,
but the cup contains one roundifh, covered feed.

Linophyllon. Bafiard Foaddax with a foliaceous pani-
cle, and linear leaves. On Gegmagog- hills and Newmar^.
ket-heath, R. Sy, Near Bafingfioke in Hamp/hire, Per,,
June and July,

VINCA. Periwincle.

The cup is quinquepartite, ered, acute, and endures
till the fruit be ripe. The flower is monopetalous and
faucer-like with a tube longer than the cup, cylindrical
beneath, broader at the top, marked with five lines and^
has a pentagonal mouth. The limb is horizontally divi-
ed into five parts, each fegment growing to the top of
the tube. 1 he flve filaments are very fhort and indexed,
with membranaceous, obtufe, eredt, crooked, farinifer-
pus anthers. Idiere are two roundifh germina, witli

tWQ

JS PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA.

two rouncliili corpufcles on their fides, fupporting one
common ilyie the length of the ftamina, crowned with
two ftigmata, the lower orbicular and plain, the upper
headed and hollow. The fruit is compofed of two taper,
acute, pointed hufks, opening lengthways, containing
oblong, cylindrical, fulcated feeds.

Minor. Perrcoincle with procumbent ftalks, lanceola-
to-oval leaves and the flowers upon peduncles. In woods
and hedges. Per. May and June.

Major. Periwincle with ereeb ftalks and oval leaves.
Per. May and June.

D I G T N I A comprehends fuck as have Hvo pijiils.

HERNIARIA. Rupturewort.

The cup is monophyllous, quinquepartite, acute, pat-
ient, coloured, and endures till the fruit be ripe, without
any flower. The five fubulated filaments are very fmall,
fituated between the fegments of the cup, with fimple
anther^e. There are five other barren ftamina placed al-
ternately with the others. The germen is oval with
fcarce any ftyle, but two acuminated ftigmata of the
length of the ftyle. The fruit is a fmall capfule in the
bottom of the cup containing one folitary, ovato-acu-
minated fhining feed.

Glabra. Smooth Rupturewort. Found in gravelly
places. About the Lizard-point in Cornwall. Hudson.
An. July.

Plirfuta. Rough or hairy Rupturewort. In gravelly
places, but not common. In the fields near Colney-hatch
near Barnet. An. July and Aug.

' Lenticulata. Sea Rupturewort with a roundifh, thick
• fhining leaf like mother of thyme. R. Sy. i6i. On
the Sea-lhore. Per.

CHENOPODIUMt

PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA.

39

CHENOPODIUM. Common English
Mercury or Allgood.

The cup confifts of five leaves which are hollow and
endures till the fruit be ripe. There are five fubulated
filaments oppofite the leaves of the cup and of the fame
length, with roundifii, didymous antherae. The germen
is orbicular, the ftyle is bipartite and fliort, and the ftig-
ma is obtufe. There is no feed vefiel, but the cup is
Ihut and pentagonal, with five comprefied angles, and
deciduous, with one orbicular deprefifed feed.

Obf. Linn. In fome fpecies a trifid ftyle is obferv-
ed.

Bonus Henricus, Common EngUJh Mercury or Allgood
with arrow-lhaped triangular leaves that are entire, and
compound fpikes without leaves. A common plant.

( Per. June — Aug,

Urhicum, Upright Blite with dented, triangular leaves
very ftraight, long, thickfet branches. FL Suec. 215.
An. Aug. and Sep.

Rubrum. Sharp-leaved Goofefoot with cordato-triangu-
lar obtufely dented leaves, eredl, compound branches,
ftiorter than the ftalk. An. Aug.

Murale. Comynon-Goofefoot or Sowhane with oval, fiiin-
ing, acute, dented leaves, and naked branching ftems.
An. Aug.

Hybridum. Maple-leaved Blite with cordate angulato-
acuminated leaves and naked branching boughs. An. Aug.

Viride. Common Orache with triangular entire, gnaw-
ed leaves, oblong furnmits and eredt branches. An. Aug,

Album. Green Blite with dentato-finuated rhomboidal
leaves, and branching fubfoliated boughs. An. Aug.

Serotinum. Late flowering Blite with deltoid, finuato-
dencated rugofe, uniform leaves, the branches termina-
ting with fruit. An. Aug. Sep.

Glaucum. Oak leaved Blite with ovato-oblong repand
leaves and naked, fimple branches in clufters. An. Aug.

Such

40 PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA.^

Such as have entire leaves*

Vulvaria* Stinking Ora'che with rhombeo-oval, entire
leaves, and flowers in a clufter. Hudson fays it grows
frequently in uncultivated places by roads and wallsi
I never found it in the north of England^ and but rarely
about London, /in. Aug.

Polyfpermum, Round leaved Elite or Allfeed with oval
entire leaves, a decumbent ilalk, and dichotomous
fprouts. An.

Maritimum. Sea Elite or JVhite Glajfwort with fubu-
lated femicylindrical leaves. On the lea fliore frequent-
ly. An. Aug.

Fruticofum. Shrubby Stone crop., or Glajfwort with round
linear fiefhy leaves and a fhrubby ftem. Aug. On the
fea fhore:

BETA. Sea Beet.

The cup confifls of five hollow leaves that endure till
the fruit be ripe, and the fegments are ovato-oblong and
obtufe. There are five fubulated filaments, without any
flower, oppofite to the leaves of the cup, and the fame
length, with roundifii antherae. The germen is below
the receptacle and has two fhort, ered ftyles, with acute
ftigmata. The fruit is an unilocular, deciduous recep-
tacle, containing one kidney >-fliaped, comprefled feed^
wrapped up in the empalement.

Vulgaris Maritima. Sea Beet with decumbent flalks
and triangular petiolated leaves. On the fea fhore plen-
tifully. Hudson. Eien. Aug,

S A L S O L A. Prickly Glasswort*

The cup confifls of five oval, concave leaves that re-
main till the fruit be ripe. There is no flower, but there
are five very fliort flamina placed upon the fegments of
the cup. The germen is globofe, with a flyle divided
into two or three parts, and recurved fligmata. The

PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA; 41

fruit is an oval, unilocular capfiile, wrapped up In the
empalement having one large feed like a lhail.

Kali, Glajfwort with fubulated, lharp pointed leaves,
and oval empalements proceeding from. the fides of the
ftalks. On the fea Ihore. July^ Aug,

S W E R T I A. Marsh Gentian.

The cup is quinquepartite, plain and endures till the
fruit be ripe, having lanceolated fegments. There is
but one petal, and no tube. The limb is plain and
quinquepartite and the fegments are lanceolated, larger
than the cup, and joined by means of ungues. There
are ten nedlaria, two in the bafe of every fegment of the
corolla hollowed and furrounded with fmall, eredt brif-
ties. There are five fubulated credo-patent filaments
fhorter than the corolla with incumbent antherae. The
germen is ovato-oblong, without any ftyle, but two fim-
ple fligmata. The fruit is a round, acuminated, unilo-
cular, capfule with many fmall feeds.

Obf. There are fomefpecies withquadrifid flowers.

Ferennis, Mar/Ji Gentian with quinquifid flowers and
the radical leaves oval. Per, Aug,

GENTIAN A. Gentian or Fellwort.

The cup is quinquepartite, acute and the fegments
are oblong and remain till the fruit be ripe. The flower
confifls of one tubulated, imperforated, quinquifid petal,
that withers away, and is of various fhapes. There are
five fubulated filaments fhorter than the corolla with
fimple antherae. The germen is oblong, cylindraceous'
and the length of the ftamina, without any flyles but
two oval fligmata. The fruit is an oblong, round, acu-
minated capfule, nightly bifid in the apex and unilocu-
lar, with two valves, containing numerous fmall feeds.
There are two receptacles growing longitudinally to the
valve.

Obf. The fruit is of a conftant figure but the num-

G ber

42 PENTANDRIADIGYNIA.

ber and figure of the flower differs very much in different
fpecies. There arc fome fpccies which lofe half in
the flower. There is one fpecies that adds a third in
the flower. There is one fpecies whofe flower has a pa^-
tent neck, another is fliut with villas, another the feg-
ments of the corolla are ciliated, another with a campan-
ulatederedl plicate. i limb-, another with a flellate limb
and fmall fegments within the other fegments. One has
a campanulated flower, another has an infundibuliform.

Pneumonanthe, Calathian Violet with quinquifid, cam-
panulated flowers on the oppofite peduncles, and linear
leaves. Per. Aug, Near Tunbridge Dr. Wilmer.
I found it on the Mar flies ntdi'c MilUhorp in the County
of IVefimorland plentifully.

Such as have quinquifid infundibuliform ccrolU.

* Amarella. Autumnal Gentian or Fell-wort with quinqui-
fid, faucer-like flowers, and a bearded faux. An. July
and Aug. Found in Crowafhes plentifully belonging to
G. Townley, Efq. of Leight on-hall Lancajier.

Centaurium. Leffer Centory with quinquifid, infundi-
buliform flowers and dichotomous Hems. An. June —
Aug.

Such as have quadrifid cor oiler,

Campeftris. Vernal Dwarf Gentian with quadrifid
flowers and a bearded faux. An. July and Aug. On
Tealandz-nd Warton Commons plentifully.

Filiformis. Marfli Centory with quadrifid flowers with-
out a beard, and a dichotomous thread-like ftalk. An.
July.

ERYNGIUM. Sea Holly or Eryngo.

The -common receptacle is conical, and awns dillin-
guifli the felfile flowers. The involucrum of the recep-
tacle^ is 'pblyphyllous, plain and above the flofcules.

The

PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA. 43

The proper cup is pentaphyllous, cre6t, acute and above
the flower, refting on the germen. The univerl'ai flower
is uniform and roundiili, and all the fiofcules are fertile.
The proper flower hath five oblong petals infledled with
the apex tothebafe. There are five capillary, ftraight
filaments arifing above the flofcules, having oblong an-
therae. The germen is hifpid and beneath the recepta-
cle, having xwo thread-like ftraight ftyles the length of
the ftamina Vvdth fimple ftigmata. The fruit is oval,
and divifible two ways, having oblong feeds.

Maritimum, Sea-holly roundiih, plicated, fpinofe
radical leaves, and pedunculated heads. On the fea-
ihovt by Potdicnntzr Lane after, J. J. Per. July,, Aug.

Campeftre, Common Eryngo with pinnate tripartite ra-
dical leaves. On a rock which you defeend to the ferry
from Plymouth over into Cornwal. Hudson. On the
Friar-goofe near Newcaftle upon Pyne, R, Sy. Below
Melling in Torkfhire plentifully. Blacks. Spec. Bot.
July, Aug.

HYDROCOTYLE. Marsh Pennywort.

The umbel is fimple, the involucrum is often tetra-
phyllous and fmall, and there is fcarce any empalement.
The univerfal flower is uniform in figure tho’ not in fi-
ruation, and all the flowers are fertile. The proper
flower is pentapetalous *, and the petals are oval, acute,
patent and entire. The five filaments are fubulated and
ftiorter than the corolla, having very fmall antheras.
Idle germen is eredt, compreHcd and orbicular, having
two very fhort fubuliJted ftyles and fimple ftigmata. The
fruit is orbicular, comprefted and tranfverkiy divifible
into two parts, with two compreflfed femiorbicular feeds.

Vulgaris. Marjh Pennywort with peltated leaves, and
umbels with five flowers. Per. May. Found in marfhy
places,

G 2

SAN-

*4 PENTANDRIA D I G Y N I A.

S A N I C U L' A. Sanicle.

The general umbel hath biit very few rays, the partial
one hath many and thick fet. The univerfal involucrum
is but half round on the outfidc, the partial one fur?
rounds it on every fide. The cup is fcarce obfervable.
T he univerfal dower is uniform, and each partial one is
compofed of five petals that are bifid, compreffed and
'infie&d. There are five fimple flamina, twice as long
as the flowers and eredl, with roundifli anthera^. The
germen is hifpid, fituated under the flower, having two
lubulated, refledled flyles and acute fligm-ata. The fruit
is ovato-acute, fpbrous and divjfibie into two parts
each containing one feed, convex and prickly on one fide,
and plain on the other.

Europ^a, Panicle with the root leaves fimple and all
the flolculp fefiile. In woods and hedges. In all the
'^oods about I'ealand in Lancafliire, Per. Ma)\ June.

BUPLEURUM. Thorow-wax.

The univerfal umbel hath lefs than ten rays, and the
partial one hath butfeldom ten. The general involu-
crum hath many leaves, the partial one hath five patent,
oval, and acute leaves. The proper cup is not vifible. The
general flower is uniform and all the fofcules are fertile.
The proper flower hath five involuted, entire and very
fhort petals. There are five fimple ftamina whth round-
ifii antherse! The germen is beneath the flower, with
two refledted fmall flyles and very little fligmata. The
fruit is roundifh, compreffed, flriated and divifible into
two parts, each containing an oval feed, convex and
channelled on one’fide, and plain the other.

Rotundt folium. Ehcrow-wax with no general involu-
crum, but perfoliated leaves. An. July.

P enuijfimtm. Plie leuji Hare's Ear with fimple altern=
ate umbels confifting of five leaves and three flowers.
In pafluresbut not common. Near in the road

from Canib. to St. Neots^ at Malden in Ef 'eXy at Hajlrngs
ifi Sujjexd July.^ Aug. - - • • - EC HE

PENTANDRIADIGYNIA. 45

ECHINOPHORA. Sampire or Sea Parsnep.

The general umbel has many rays, the intermediate
ones the fhorter. The partiah^one hath many lefTiie flow-
ers, and the germina within the pedicles. The general
involucrum hath a few acute rays. The partial one is
turbinated, mohophyllous, cut into fix acute unequal
fegments. The proper cup is quinquihd, fmali, and re-
mains till the fruit be ripe. The general flower is dif-
form and radiated, the proper one is pentapetalous with
unequal patulent petals. The five filaments are fimple
with roundifh anthers. The germen is oblong and be-
neath the flower and within the involucrum, with two
fimple fl-yles and ftigmata. There is no feed veffel, but
in the place thereof we find an indurated, fharp pointed
involucrum, coiltaining two feeds.

Spinofa, Sampire with prickly heads and fubnlated
prickly leaves that are entire. On the fea-fhore. Ob-
ferved by Mr. Lawson in Low Furnefs LancaJJiire,
Mr. West told me he found it lail year in Lozv Furnefs.
Found in the way from Feverfliam to S^a Salter. Blacks
Spec. Bot. July.

TORDYLIUM. Parsley,

The general umbel is unequal and multiplex, the, par-
tial one is unequal, multiplex, very fhort and plain.
The general involucrum is compofed of narrow undi-
vided leaves being the length of the rays of the umbel,
the partial one is half the length, and the proper cup is
quinquedentated. The general flower is diflbrm and
radiated, and all the flowers are fertile. The proper
flower of the difk hath five petals that are inflexo-cordate
and unequal; the proper flowers of the ray are the fame,
but theoutmoft petal is largeft and bipartite. In every
flower there are five capillary flamina with fimple an-
therae. The germen is roundifh and beneath the flower,
having two fmall flyles and obtufe ftigmata. The fruit

46 P E N T A N D R I A D I G Y N I A.

is partly orbicular, comprcfied, crenulated, and divifible
into two parts, each containing a fingle, roundilh plain
feed, with an indented border.

Obf. This differs fron*i"the following by having all
the flofcules fertile or hermaphrodite.

Latifolmm. Purple fiowered great Bajiard Parjlcy with
the rays of the umbel clofe together, the leaves pinnate,
and the lobes of the leaves lanceolated and ferrated.
Found among corn. In Camhridgefnire, R. Sy. An,
June, July,

Nodofum, Knotted Parjley with fmgle umbels fitting
clofe to the ftalks, and the outer-fide of the feeds prick-
ly. An. May,

C A U C A L I S. Corn-Parsley.

The general umbel is unequal and has very few rays,
the partial one is unequal and has more rays, the exter-
nal five of which are larger. The general involucrum
has undivided leaves to the number of the rays, lanceo-
lated and membranaceous borders, oval and fhort. The
pai'tial has fimilar leaves and longer rays. The proper
cup is quinquedentated. The general flower is dif-
form and radiated. The fiofculi of the difk are abor-
tive. The proper flower of the difk is mafeuline and
fmall, with five in flexo- cord ate equal petals. The pro-
per flower of the ray is hermaphrodite with five inflexo^
cordate, unequal petals, the outmofl: the largeft and bi-
fid. There are five capillary filaments in each, with
fmall antherae. The germen of the ray is oblong, fcab^
rous and beneath the flower with two fubulated ftyles
and two patent, obtufe fligmata. I'he fruit is ovato-
oblong, ilriated longitudinally with rigid fcabrous brif.
ties, and two oblong feeds, convex on one fide and arm-
ed with prickles in order of the ftriai and plain on the
other.

Arvenfts. Small Corn Parjley with the umbels clofe
together, the general involucrum monophylloiis, the
feeds oblong, the lobes ovato-lanceolated and pinnatifid^
An^ Aug, Anthrijeus,

PENTANDRIADIGYNIA 47

Anthrifcus. Hedge Parjley with the umbels clofe toge-
ther, and feeds globofe, and the leaves oval and plnnati-
hd. Bien. Aug.

Leptophylla. Fine leaved Bafiard Parjley with the awns
of the ieeds hooked like a fpear, verticillate and hifpid
with fpines. An, July.

D A U C U S. Wild Carrot.

The univerfal umbel is multiplex, frudtiferous, con-
cavo-connivent. The partial one is like it. The gene-
ral involucrum is polyphyllous and the length of the
umbel, the lobes are linear and pinnatifid, the partial
one is more limple and the length of the umbellula.
The proper cup is fcarce obfervable The general flow*
er is difform and radiated, the proper one has five in-
flexo- cordate petals, the exterior ones being larger.
There are five capillary filaments with Ample anthers.
Thegermen is below the flower and fmall, with two
ftyles that are refledled and have obtufe ftigmata. The
fruit is oval, and often hifpid, with flinging briflly hairs
and divifible into two parts, containing each one oval
feed, convex and hifpid on one fide and plain on the
other.

Carota. V/ild Carrot or Bird's Neft with hifpid feeds
and the fruit-flalks nerved underneath. Bien. Junc--^
Aug, In meadows and paflures.

B U N I U M. Earthnut.

The general umbel is multiplex with rays lefs than
twenty, the partial one is very fliort and thick fet.
The general involucrum is polyphyllous, linear and
fhort, the partial one is briflly and the length of the
umbellula, the proper cup is fcarce obfervable. The
univerfal corolla is uniform and all the flofcules fertile,
the proper one hath five inflexo-cordate, equal petals.
There are five fimple filaments fhorter than the corolla
with fimple antheras. The gamien is oblong, and be-

Rcutn

48 P E N TAN D R I A D I G Y N 1 A.

neath the receptacle, having two refledled ftyles and
obtufe ftigmata. The fruit is oval and divifible into
two parts each containing an oval feed, convex on one
fide and plain on the other.

Bulbccaftanum. Earthnut. We-have but one fpecies
of this plant. Common in meadows and paftures. Per.
May^ June,

C O N I U M. Hemlock,

The general umbel hath many patent rays as well
as the partial one. The general involucrum is polyphyl-
ious, very fiiort and unequal as well as the partial one,
the proper cup is fcarce obfervable. The general flower
is uniform and the proper one hath five inflexo-cordate,
unequal petals. The five ftamina are Ample with round-
ifii antherai. The germen is fituated under the flower with
two reflected ftyles, and obtufe ftigmata. The fruit is
globofe with five channels, each crenated and divifible
into two parts, containing each one feed, convex, he-
mifpherical and ftriated on one fide and plain on the
other.

Maculatiim, Hemlock with ftriated feeds. An. June^

July.

ATHAMANTA. Spigneu

The general umbel is multiplex and patent, the par-
tial one not fo multiplex. The general involucrum is
polyphyllous, linear, and fhorter than the rays ; tlie par-
tial one is linear and the rays equal. The general co-
rolla is uniform and all the flofcules fertile ; the proper
one hath five inflexo-cordate and not quite equal petals.
The five filaments are capillary and the length of the
corolla with roundifli antherae.. The germen is beneath
the receptacle with two ftyles and obtufe ftigmata. The
fruit is ovato-oblong, ftriated and divifible into two
parts, containing each an oval feed, convex and ftriated
on one fide and plain on the other,

Liha-

PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA. 49

Lihanotis, Mountain Stone Parjley with plain, bipin-
nate leaves, an hemifpherical umbel, aud rough feeds.
On Gogmagog-hills^ Camb, Between St. Albans and Sto^
ney Stratford. Per, Aug, Sep,

Meum, Common Spignel., Meu.^ or Bawd-money with
capillary leaves and ftriated feeds. In mountainous pa-*
llures in IVeJl. Torkjh, and han, I found it in compa*
ny with feveral others in Mr Parkinson’s eftate called
Cocklehead.^ near the houfe, Wefi, July,

PEUCEDANUM. Hog’s-fennel orSuLPHUR-wonx.

The general umbel is multiplex, very long and (len-
der, the partial one is patent. The general involucruin
is polyphyllous, linear, fmall and refledlcd, the partial
one is lefs. The proper cup is quinquedentated and
very fmall. The general corolla is uniform, the proper
one hath five equal, oblong, incurved, entire petals.
The five filaments are capillary, with fimple anthers.
The germen is oblong and beneath the receptacle, with
two fmall ftyles and obtufe (ligmata, The fruit is oval,
ftriated on both fides, furrounded with a wing, and divi-
fible into two parts, containing each, one ovato-oblong
comprefied feed, more convex on one fide, and marked
with three raifed furrows and a broad membranaceous
border, and indented at the top.

Officinale. Hog's Fennel with five leaves each divided in-
to three, thread-like and linear. In the meadows near the
fea-(hore. Near Shoreham in Suffex., at Walton not far
from Harwich in Effiex^ about a quarter of a mile below
Feverjham by the river fide. R. Sy, Per, June.

Minus, Rock Parjley with pinnate leaves and the lobes
pinnatifid, the fegments are linear and oppofite, the ftalk
is very branchy and patulent. Hudson 10 i. On St*
Vincenth Rock near BriJloL R; Sy, Bien, May,

C R I T H M U M. Samphire.

The general umbel is multiplex, and hemifpherical
as well as the partial one. The general involucrum is

H polyphyllous

go PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA:

polyphyllous, lanceolated, obtufe and reflex; the partial
one is lanceolato-linear and the length of the umbellula,
I'he general flower is uniform and fertile, the proper one
has five oval indexed petals almofl equal. The five fi- .
laments are fimple and longer than the corolla, with
round ifh antherae. The germen is fituated under the
flower, having two refleded ftyles and obtufe ftigmata.
The fruit is oval, comprefTed and divifible into two,
each containing a comprefled, elliptical, furrowed feed.

Maritimum, Samphire with lanceolated flefhy leaves.
Found on the fea fliore. Per, Aug.

HERACLEUM. Cow Parsnep.

The general umbel is multiplex and very large, the
partial one is plain. The general involucrum is poly*
phyllous and decays away. The partial one has from
three to feven linear leaves and the exterior oneg
longeft. The general flower is difform and radiated,
the flofcules are generally all fertile, the proper flower
of the difk is equal and has five inflexo-uncinated and
emarginated petals, the proper one of the ray is unequal
and has five petals, the exterior ones larger, more bifid,
oblong, and uncinated.

The five filaments are longer than the corollula, with
fmall anther^e. The germen is oval, and fituated under
the flov/er, having two fhort ftyles, and fimple ftigmata.
The fruit is elliptical, comprefTed, emarginated, furrowed
on each fide, containing two oval, comprefled, foliace*
ous feeds.

Sphondylium, Cow Parfnep with pinnatifid leaves. Bien,
July, In hedges, meadows, and paftures.

LIGUSTICUM. Ssa-Parslev.

The general umbel is multiplex as well as the partial.
The general involucrum is membranaceous, heptaphyl-
lous and unequal; the partial one is fcarce ever tetra-
phyllous. 7'he general flower is uniform and all the
flofcules fertile, and the proper one hath five- equal petals,

indexed

PENT ANDRI A DIG YNI A. 51

inflexcd at their points, plain and entire, but internally
carinated. There are five capillary filaments Ihorter
than the corolla, with fimple antherae. The germen is
beneath the fiower with two ftyles, that approximate,
and fimple ftigmata. The fruit is oblong, angulated
with five channels and divifible into two parts, each
containing an oblong fmooth feed on one fide, having
five channels, and the other plain.

Schotlcum, Scotti/h Sea Parjley with double winged
leaves. Bien, July.

Comuhienfe. Corwuoal Saxift^age witli decompofite in-
ched leaves, the radical ones being by threes, lanceolated
and entire. July.

ANGELICA.

The general umbel is multiplex and roundifh, the
partial one isglobofe. The general involucrum confifts
of three or five fmall leaves, the partial one is fmall and
confifts of eight leaves. The cup of each flower is indent-
ed in five parts. The general flower is uniform and all the
fiofeuies fertile-, the partial one confifts of five lanceo-
lated, plainifli, incurved petals that are caducous. The.
five ftamina are fimple and longer than the corolla, with
fimple antherae. The germen is fituated below the
fiower having two refiexed ftyles and obtufe ftigmata.
The fruit is roundifh, angulated and divifible into two
parts, each containing an oval feed, plain on one fide
and convex on the other, bordered and marked with
three lines.

Sylvejiris. JVild Angelica with equal ovato-lanceolated,
ferrated leaves. In woods and hedges in a moift fitua-
tion. In the Woods belonging to D alt on-hall^ Lan.
Glawthr op-hall ntzr Burton^ JVeH. Per, June^ Jtdy*

S I U M. Water Parsnep.

The general umbel is various in diflerent plants, and
the partial one is patent and plain. Tne general involu-
crum is polyphylious, reflex, and fhorcer than the um-

11 2 bcl,

52 PENTANDRIADIGYNIA.

bel, with lanceolated lobes the partial one is polyphyl-
lous, linear and fmall, and the proper cup is fcarcc
oblervable. The general flower is uniform, and all the
pofcules fertile, the|)roper flower hath five inflexo-cor-
date equal petals. The five ftamina, with their antherae,
are fimple. i he germen is very fmall beneath the flow-
er, having two reflex ftyles and obtufe iligmata. The
fruit is ovato-roundifh, ftriated, fmall and divifible into
two parts, each containing an ovalifh feed, convex and
flriated on one fide, and plain on the other.

Latifolium. Great Water Parftiep with pinnate leaves
and ftalks terminated by an umbel. In rivers and ditches.
Per. July, Aug.

Nodijiorum. Creeping Water Parfnep with pinnate
leaves and umbels of flowers fitting clofeto the wings of
the ftalks. Grows as the former. Per. July, Aug.

Ere^uni. Upright Water Parfnep with pinnate leaves
and umbels of flowers rifing from the wings of the ftalks
pn peduncles-, and the general involucrum pinnatifid.
Hudson. 103. Ray calls this the upright water parf-
nep with ferrated leaves. In ditches and rivulets. Per,
July.

S I S O N. Bastard Stone Parsley.

The general umbel is compofed of fix thin unequal
rays, and the partial one of ten thin unequal rays. Both
the general and partial involucrum are tetraphyllous and
unequal, The general corolla is uniform, and all the
flofcules are fertile. The proper flower is equal and con?*
fifts of five lanceolated, inflex, and plainifti petals. The
five ftamina are capillary and the length of the corolla
with fimple anthers. The germen is oval and fituated
under the flower, having two reflex ftyles and obtufe
ftigmata. The fruit is oval, ftriated and divifible into
two parts containing each one oval feed, convex and
ftriated on one fide and plain on the other,

Amomum. Baftard Stone Parjley with pinnate leaves
and upright umbels, In woods and hedges. Per. JulySep,

^egetum,

PENTANDRIADIGYNIA. 53

Segetum. Corn Parjley or Honewort with pinnate leaves
and nodding umbels. Bien. July.

Inundatum, The leafi creeping IVater-pcrfnep with bi-
fid umbels. May^ Jim,

OENANTHE. Water Dropwort.

The general umbel hath few rays, but the partial one
hath many fliort ones. The general involucrnm is
polyphyllous, fimple, and fhorter than the umbel; the
partial one is polyphyllous and fmall. I'he proper cup
is quinquedentated, fubulated and remains till the fruit
be ripe. The general flower is difform and radiated^
the flower of the difk is hermaphrodite, and has five in-
flexo-cordate nearly equal leaves. The proper flower of
the ray is mafculine and hath five very large, unequal
inflexo- bifid petals. The five ftamina are fimple and
have roundifli antherse. T he germen is beneath the
flower, having two fubulated ftyles that endure till the
fruit be ripe with obtufe ftigmata. The fruit is partly
oval, crowned with a cup and divifible into two parts
containing each one oval feed, convex and flriated on
one fide and plain on the other with a dentated apex.

Obf. The cup is more vifible in this genus than in
any of the umbelliferous tribe.

Fijiuloja, Water Dropwort producing fhoots, and hav-
ing pinnate, (lender, fiflulofe leaves growing on the ftalks.
In ditches frequently. Common in the North and South
of Eng. In the Ditches between Warton and Carnforth^
Lan. July.

Erocat. Dropwort with all the leaves multlfld, ob-
tufe, and nearly equal. On the banks of rivers. On the
banks of the river Thames. In the ditches about
dul. Per. June.

Pimpinelloides. Pimpernel Dropwort with the low'er
leaves like wedges ; thofe on the {talk being linear, very
long, entire, and canaliculated.

P^r. June,

C I C U T A.

54 iPENTANDRlADIGYNIA.

C I C U T A. Hemlock.

The general flower is roundifh with many equal rays,
and the partial one is roundiih with many equal fetace-
ous rays. There is no general involucrum, the partial
one hath many fetole and fliort leaves. The proper cup
is fcarce obfervable. T he general flower is uniform and
all the flofcLiles fertile-, the proper one hath five oval,
inflex, nearly equal petals. The five filaments are ca*
pijlary, longer^ than the corolla, with Ample antherae.
The germen is beneath the flower, having two flender
fiyles longer than the corolla, that endure till the fruit
be ripe, with headed ftigmata. The fruit is oval, ful-
cated, and divifible into two parts, having each one feed
convex and ftriated on one fide, and plain on the other.

Virofa. Long leaved JVaier Hemlock with umbels op-
poute to the leaves, and obtufe marginated footftalks,
Per, July,

PHELLANDRIUM. Water Hemlock.

The general and partial umbel are both multiplex.
There is no general involucrum, but the partial one hath
feven acute leaves the length of the umbellula. The
proper cup is quinquedentated, placed upon the germen,
and, remains till the fruit be ripe. The general flower i«
almoft uniform, the proper one is unequal, having five
acuminated, cordato-inflex petals. The five filaments
arc capillary and the length of the corolla, with round-
ilh antherae. The germen is beneath the receptacle
having two fubulated ered ftyles, that endure till the
fruit be ripe, and the ftigmata are obtufe. The fruit is
oval, fmooth, coronated with a cup and piflils, and divi-
Able into two parts, each containing an oval, fmooth feed.

Aquaticum, JVater Hemlock wiph the ramifications ot
the leaves divaricated. Blen, In rivers and ditches. .

JE T H U S A. Fool’s Parsley.

The general umbel is patent and ,the interior rays
arc gradually fliorter, the inmoft ones being Ihorteft, the

partial

PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA 55

partial umbel is fmall and patent. There is no general
involucrum, the partial one is half the length of the
umbel with three to five, very long, linear, pendulous
leaves. The cup is fcarce obfervable. The general
flower is nearly uniform with all the flofcules fertile.
The partial one hath five inflexo- cord ate unequal petals.
There are five Ample ftamina with roundiih antherse.
The germen is beneath the flower having two reflex
ftyle^ and obtufe ftigmata. The fruit is ovato roundifh^
ftriated, and divifible into two parts, each containing a
Angle roundiih llriated feed with a third part plain.

Cynapium. Fools Parjley of which we have but one
fpecies. An, Aug. Sep.

CORIANDRUM. CbaiANDER.

The general umbel confills of few rays, the partial
one hath more. The general involucrum is fcarce mo-
nophyllous ; the partial one is triphyllous linear and half
the length. The proper empaiement is quinquedenta-
ted. The general flower is dilForm and radiated and the
flofcules of the dilk are barren. The proper flower of
the difk is hermaphrodite, having five inflexo-cordate
equal petals. The proper hermaph. of the ray hath five in-
flexo-cordate, unequal petals of which the outmofl: is
largefi and bipartite and fome of the others have very
large fegments.

There are five Ample filaments with roundiih anthersc.
The germen Is beneath the flower having two llyles
(landing off one another, and the (ligmata of the ray
headed. The fruit is fpherical and divifible into two
parts, each containing an hemifpherical concave feed.

Obf. Linn. C. tefticulatum perhaps may be a plant
of a different genus feeing the general involucrum is mo-
nophyllous without any partial one. The general corol-
la is uniform and the fruit didymous.

Sativum. Coriander with globofe fruit. An. June.

SCANDIX.

S6 PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA,

SCANDIX. Shepherd’s Needle or Venus-comb.

The general umbel is long and hath few rays, the
partial one hath more. There is no general involucriim
but the partial one is pentaphyllous and the length of
the umbellula. The general flower is difform and radi-
ated with the flolcules of the difk barren. The proper
flower hath five cordato- inflex petals, the innermoft lefs
and the outmofl: larger. There are five capillary fila-
ments with roundifli antherae. The germen is oblong and
beneath the flower, having two fubulated ftyles, the
length of the leafl: petal, which remain till the fruit be
ripe, with obtufe ftigmata. The fruit is very long, fu-
bulated and divifible into two parts each containing one
feed, convex and furrowed on one fide, and plain on the
other.,

Obf. The flofcules of the difk are barren in fome.
The feeds of Venus’s Comb are thread-like, covering a
nut in the bafe.

Cerefolio Riv. the feeds are ovato-fubulated and flri-
ated. The involucrum is green and rem.ains till the fruit
be ripe, and all the flofcules are hermaphrodite.

Odorata the feeds are angulated and the involucrum is
caducous.

Pe^en Veneris. Venus Coml with fmooth feeds and the
longeit beak of any. An. June., July.

Anthrifeus. Small Hemlock Chervil with oval rough
feeds, uniform flowers and a fmooth flem. An. May^
June.

CH^ROPHYLLUM. Wild Cicely or Cow-weed,

The general umbel is patent and the partial one is
nearly equal with it in the number of rays. The partial
involucrum hath commonly five, lanceolated, concave,
reflex leaves almolt the length of the umbeiluls. The
general flower is nearly uniform and the flowers of the
d:f!c are barren. The proper flower hath five inflexo-
cordate petals, the exterior ones being fomewhat larger.

There

PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA; 57

There are five limple filaments the length of the umbel-
lula with roiindifh antheras. The germen is beneath the
flower, having two reflex fiyles and obtufe fligmata.
The fruit is ovato-oblong, aeuminated, Imooth and
diviflble into two parts, each containing an oblong atte-
nuated feed, convex on one fide, and plain on the other.

Sylveftre. Wild Cicely with all the flowers fertile and
an equal flalk. An. May\ June.

Temulum. Wild Chervil with a fcabrous flalk, tumid
joints and cernuous umbels. An. July-, Aug.

S E S E L 1. Meadow Saxifrage;

The general umbel is rigid, the partial one is very
fhort, multiplex and partly globofe. There is no gen-
eral involucrum; the partial one is linear, acuminated
and the length of the umbellula. The empalement is
fcarce obfervable. The general flower is uniform and
all the flofcules fertile. The proper one confifts of five
inflexo-cordate, plainifh petals. The five ftamina are
fubulated and crowned with Ample antherse. The ger-
men is beneath the flower, having two fiyles and obtufe
ftigmata. The fruit is ovate, fmall, flriated, and divi-
fible into two parts, each containing an ovate feed, con-
vex and ftriated on one fide and plain on the other.

Caruifolia. Meadow Saxifrage with double pinhate
leaves almofl linear^ a membranaceous bale to the foot
flalks, and oval feeds. In moifl meadows and paftures^
Per. Aug.

PASTINACA. Wild ParsneP."

The general umbel is multiplex and plain, and the
partial one is mukipleXi There is neither general nor
partial involucrum. The empalement is fcarce obferva-
ble. The general flower is uniform, the proper one hath
five lanceolated, incurved petals. There are five capil-
lary filaments with roundifh anthcrae, 1 he germen is
beneath the proper flower having two reflexed fiyles and

I obtufe

5* PENTANDRIA D I G Y N 1 A*

obtufe ftigmata. The fruit is comprcflb-plain, elliptical
and divilibie into two parts each containing an ellip-
tical, bordered feed.

SativUi JVildox Garden Parfnep with fingle pinnate
leaves* Bien. July.

SMYRNIUM. Alexanders.

The general umbel is unequal and the partial one is
' tredt. There is neither general nor partial involucrum.
The general cup is fcarce obfervable. The general
flower is uniform and all the flofcules of the difk are bar-
ren. The proper flower hath five lanceolated, (lightly
indexed, keel-lhaped petals. There are five fimple fila-
ments, the length of the corolla, with fimple antherae.
The germen is beneath the flower having two fimple
flyles and two fimple ftigmata. The fruit is partly glo^
bofe, ftfiated, and divifible into two parts, each contain-
ing one lunulated feed, convex on one fide, and marked
with three ftreaks, and plain on the other.

Ohifatrum. Akmnders with trifoliate leaves on tlic
(talks, ferrated and placed on foot (talks. May^ June.

A N E T H U M. Finckle. Dill.

Both the general and partial umbel are multiplex, and
there is neither general nor partial involucrum. The
general flpwer is uniform and all the flofeuks fertile.
The proper flower hath five involuted, entire, and very
Ihort petals. There are five capillary filaments with
roundifh antheras. The germen is beneath the flower,
having two approximating ftyles and obtule ftigmata.
The fruit is fubovate, compreifed, ftriated and divifible
into two parts, containing each one fubovate, bordered
feed, convex and ftriated on one fide and plain on the o-
ther.

Obf. Linn. Finckle or Fennel differs only from
Dili, in that the feeds are not bordered at the edge like
thofe of Dill.

F^snicHlum. Fenml with ov^te leaves. Aug.

C A R U M.

PENTANDRIA D I G Y N I A. Sf

CARUM. Caraways,

The general umbel is long and hath ten rays, moft
commonly unequal, and the partial one is thick fet.
The general involucrum is often monophyllous. The
general flower is uniform and all the flofcules of the
difk barren. The proper one is unequal, having five
unequal, obtufe, index at the apex, and cordate leaves.
The five (lamina are capillar)'-, the length of the corol-
la and caducous, with roundifh fmall antheras. The
germen is beneath the flower having two fmall (lyles,
and Ample (ligmata. The fruit is ovato-oblong, (Iria-
ted and divifible into two parts, each containing a Angle
feed, convex, ovato-oblong on one fide, and plain on
the other.

Obf. Some of the flofcules in the difk are neutral,

Carvi. Caraways of which we have but one fpecies,
per. Mayy June.

PIMPINELLA. Burnet Saxifrage.

The general umbel hath many rays, but the partial
umbel hath more. There is neither general nor partial
involucrum. The proper cup is fcarce obfervabic. The
general corolla is nearly uniform v/ith all the flofcules
fertile. The proper flower hath five inflexo-cordate,
nearly equal petals. There are five Ample (lamina
longer than the corollula, with roundi(h antherse. The
germen is beneath the flower, having two very (hort
(lyles and partly globofe (ligmata. The fruit is ovato-
oblong and divifible into two parts, each containing an
oblong feed, narrower towards the apex, convex and (Iri-.
ated on one fide, and plain on the other.

Major, Great Burnet Saxifrage with pinnate leaves, the
Jobes cordate, and an odd lobe at the end. In woods
and hedges. Per. Aug.

Saxifraga. Small Burnet Saxifrage with pinnate leaves
and the lobes at the bottom roundifh and thofe at the
tops linear. In dry paftures. Per, Aug.

I 2 A P I U M-

€o PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA.

A P I U M. Smallage,

The general umbel hath fewer rays than the partial
one. The general involucrum is fmall, confifting of one
or more lobes, and the partial one is like it. I'he ge^
neral flower is uniform ancl almoil all the flofcules are
fertile. 'I'he proper flower hath roundilh, inflexed, e-
qual petals. The five filaments are Ample and the an-
therse round ifh, The germen is beneath the proper
flower having two reflexed ftyles and obtufe ftigmata.
The truit is ovato-ftriated and divifible into two parts,
each containing one ovate feed, llriated on one fide and
plain on the other.

Graveolens, Smallage with the leaves upon the flalks
in the form of a wedge. Bien, Aug.

.ffiGOPOpiUM, Herb-gerard, Gout-weed,
or Ashweed.

The general umbel is multiplex and convex, the par-
tial one is the fame. There is neither general nor par-
tial involucrum. The general flower is uniform and
ail the flofcules fertile. The proper one hath five obo-
vate, concave, inflexed at the apex, and equal petals.
Inhere are five Ample flamina, twice as long as the corol-
la, with roundifli anther^e. The germen is beneath the
flower having two Ample, ered: ftyles the length of the
corollula with headed ftigmata. The fruit is ovato-ob-
Icng, ftriated and divifible into two parts, each contain-
ing an ovato-oblong feed, convex and ftriated on one
flue, and plain on the other.

Fodagraria. Goutweed with the leaves on the top of
fhe Italk by threes. Per. May.

%RIGYN14 comprehends fuch as have three pifiilsn

A P S I N E. Common Chickweed,

The cup is pentaphyllous and the leaves are concave,
oblong and acuminated. The flower confifts of five
pqual petals, longer th^ the cup, The five filaments

PENTANDRIA TETRAGYNIA. 6i

are capillary with roundilh antherge. The germen is
fubovate having three thread-like ftyles and obtufe ftig-
mata. The capfule is ovate, unilocular and covered,
containing many roundifh feeds.

Media. Common Chickweed with bipartite petals, and
ovato-cordate leaves. An. A'pril — Sep,

TET RAGTNIA comprehends fuchas have four pijlils^
PARNASSIA. Grass of Parnassus
The cup is quinquepartite, the fegments are oblong,
acute, patent, and remain till the fruit be ripe. There
are five roundifh, emarginated, ftriated, concave, patent
petals, each having a cordate, concave nedlarium, and
the nedlaria have thirteen ftyles along the margin, gra-
dually higher one than the other, on each of which there
is a globe. There are five fubiilated filaments the length
of the corolla, with depreffed, incumbent antherac. The
germen is ovate and large, having a foramen in the
place of a ftyle, and four obtufe ftlgmata that remain
till the fruit be ripe. 1 he fruit is a tetragono-ovate,
unilocular capfule with four valves. 1 he receptacle is
quadruplex, adjoining to the valves, containing many
oblong feeds.

Palujlris, Grafs of Parnajfus of which we have but one
fpecies in the known world. In feveral of the meadows
belonging to G. Townley, Efq. of height on-Hall.^ Lan,
Aug.

P E N hAG T N I A comprehends fuch plants as have five

piftils.

S T A T I C E. Thrift or Sea-Pink.

The common empalement is of a different ftruflure,
in different plants. The proper cup is monophyllous
and infundibuliform, the tube is narrow, the limb entire,
plicated and of a fine thin appearance like filk*. The

flovyer

^ LiNNiEUs’ word is feriofa, the meaning of which I ^onfels |
9m ignorant*

PENTANDRIA PENTAGYNIA.

flower is infundibuliform and has five petals narrow at
the bafe, broad at the points and fpread open. 'The
five filaments are iubulated, fhorter than the corolla and
placed upon the ungues thereof, having anthera^ fixed on
by the fides. The germen is very fmall, having five
thread-like ftyies that ftand off one another and acute
ftigmata. The proper cup being ilraitened in the neck,
and expanded in the limb, contains one fmall, roundiflr
feed, crowned with its proper cup.

Obf. Statice of Authors hath a common threefold cup
and a roundifti flower.

Umonium hath a common imbricated cup, and flof-
cules in an oblong order.

Armcrta, Thrift or Sea Gilly-Flower with a Ample
headed ftem, and linear leaves. On the fea fhore com-
monly called the marflies. Per. July., Aug.

JJmontum, Sea Lavender with a round paniculated
Hem and fliining leaves. As the former. Per. July., Aug.

Reticulata. Matted Sea Lavender with a proftrate, pa-
nlculated ftem, and barren naked branches bended back,
and leaves in the lhape of a wedge. As the former.

L I N U M. Flax.

The cup hath five lanceolated, ered, fmall leaves that
remain till the fruit be ripe. The flower is infundibu-
liform and confifts of five oblong petals, vifibly becom-
ing larger towards the points which are obtufe, patent
and large. The five filaments are fubulated, ereft, and
the length of the cup with Ample fagitated anther^e.
There are likewife the rudiments of five other ftamina.
The germen is ovate with five thread-like ere6t ftyies the
length of the ftamina with 'Ample, reflexed ftigmata.
The fruit is a globofe capfule with ten cells and five
valves, and in each cell is lodged a Angle, ovate, pointed,
fmooth feed.

Obf. RADjoLi® one fifth part is wanting.

1j*

PENTANDRIA PENTAG YNI A. 6^

L. Lufitanico there are ten ftamina, hence its affinity
to Oxalidis,

FLAX with alternate leaves.

IJfttatiJfmum. Flax with both cups and capffilei
(haped like a fpear, the petals crenated, the leaves placed
alternately and lanceolated and nearly a folitary ftem.
An. June. ^

Perenne. Perennial blue Flax with obtiife empalements
and capfules, the leaves placed alternately, lanceolated
and entire. In barren paftures. On Gogmagog hillsy
Qamh. Between Shaf and Fhreapland in Weji. Mr
Lawson. June.

*T enuifolium. Narrow-leaved wild Flax with pointed
cups, the leaves lineari-fetaceous, placed without order.
In many paftures by the fea fide. Per. June^ July.

FLAX with oppojite leaves. -

Catharticum. Purging Flax with ovato-lanceolated
leaves placed oppofite to each other, a dichotomous ftem,
and acute flowers. An. May.^ June.

Radiola. The leafi Rupture- wort., or All-feed with leaves
growing by pairs, a dichotomous ftem, and flowers with
four ftamina and four piftils. An. Aug.

D R O S E R A. Sun-dew.

The cup is monophyllous, quinquifid, acute, ereeft and
remains till the fruit be ripe. ^ The flower is infundibu-
liform and hath five ovate, obtufe petals fomewhat
larger than the cup. The five filaments are Tubulated
and the length of the cup, having fmall anthcrae. The
germen is roundifii and hath five Ample ftyles the length
of the ftamina with fimple ftigmata. The fruit is a fub-
ovate capfule, unilocular with five valves, containing
many fmall, fubovate feeds.

Rotundifolia. Round-leaved Sun-dew with radicated
ftems and orbiculated leaves. Per. July., Aug.

Lengifolia.

64 PENTANDRIA POLYGYNIA

Longifolia, Long4eaved Sun-dew with radicated ftem^
and oblong leaves. Both thel'e fpecies are found plen-
tifully on the JVhitemofs^ Tedand^ Lane, Upon Hint on-
moor^ Camb, . R. Syi July^ Aug,

SIBBALDIA. ^ Bastard CmQtrEFoiL.

T he cup is monophyllous, half way cut into ten lan-
ceolated, equal, patent fegments, alternately narrower,
which remain till the fruit be ripe* The flower confifts
of five ovate petals placed upon the cup. I'he five fila-
ments are capillary, fhorter than the corolla, and placed
upon the cup with fmall, obtufe anther^e. There are
five ovate and very fliort germina out of the middle of
which a^*ifc the ftyles to. the height of the (lamina, hav-
ing headed (ligmata. T he cup is connivent and con-
tains five oblongifh feeds.

Pr ’ocumhehs. Procumbent Cinquefoil' with tridentated
leaves. July^ Aug, ■ , . ^ ^

f - V '

P 0 LTG TN I A comprehends fuch plants 'as have fix or .
more piftils,

. M Y O' S U R U S. Mousztail. ^

, The cup confifts of five lanceolated, obtufe, reflexed
leaves, joined together above the bafe,. coloured and de-
ciduous. There are five very fmall petals fhorter than
the cup, tubulated at the bafe; . There arc five filaments,
or more, the length of the cup, with oblong ere6l an-
therse. 1 he germina are numerous placed upon the re-
ceptacle in a conico-oblong form without any ftyles, but
fimple ftigmata. The receptacle is very long in the form
of a ftylc, covered with feeds placed one over another,
like tyles upon a hoitfe, that are numerous, oblong and
acuminated.

Obf. Linn. The number of ftarhiil^ varies greatly
in this genus. There is a great affinity between this plane
and the Ranunculus

Minimus, Moufetail with entire leaves.’ An, Aprity

May. / CLASS VL

HEXANURIA MdNOGYNIA. €s
C L J S S YL

H E X A N D R I A.

jT/te plants of this clafs have fix flamina and, from one to
three or more pijiils,

MONOGTNIA comprehends fuch plants as have but

one piftiL

NARCISSUS. Daffodil,

HE fpatha (or (heath) is obtufe, comprefled, operls
on the fide and withers. 7 he flower hath fix o-

vate, acuminated, plain petals placed on the outfide of
the nedtarium, which is monophyllous, cylindraceo-:n-
fundibuliform, and coloured. 'I'he fix filaments are
Tubulated and fixed upon the tube of the nedtarium, but
(horter than the nedlarium, with antherse fomewhat ob-
long. The germen is roundilh, obtufely three cornered,
fituated below, the flower, having a thread-like ftyle,
longer than the (lamina, with a trifid (ligma, concave
and obtufe. The fruit is a roundilh, obtufely trigonal,
trilocular capfule, with three valves containing globular,
append iculated feeds.

Poeticus, Daffodil with one flower in each (heath, the
limb of the nedtarium being round and very (liort. In
meadows and p allures but not very common. Per,
April

Pfeudo-NarciJJus, Wild Englijh Daffodil With one
flower in the (heath, the limb of the nedlarium bell-dup-
ed, eredl and equal with the petals. In woods and hedges.
Per. March,, April

K

BULBO-

66 HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA*

BULBOCODIUM. Mountain Saffron.

The flower is hexapetalous, infundibuliform, and
without any empalement. The ungues are very long
and linear. The faux conne6ts the petals which are
lanceolated and concave. The fix fubulated filaments
are inferred upon the neck of the petals with the anthers
fixed on by the fides. The gerinen is ovato-fubulate, ob-
tufely three cornered, the ftyle is like thread and the
length of the ftamina, having three oblong, ered, ca-
naliculated ftigmata. The fruit is a triangular, acumi-
nated pointed capfule, having three cells filled with feeds.

Seronmm, Mountain Saffron with fubulato-linear
leaves. Found on the IVelJh mountains. R. Sy. Per.
Aug.

ALLIUM. Garlick.

The common flieath is roundifti and withers away.
There are fix oblong petals, and fix fubulated ftamina,
often of the length of the corolla, with oblong, ered
ahtherae. The germen is above the receptacle, three
cornered, and the angles marked with a line, having a
fimple ftyle and an acute ftigma. The fruit is a broad,
fhort capfule, with three lobes, three cells, and three
valves, containing many roundifti-feeds.

Ampeloprafum. Great Round-headed Garlick with a
plain leaf bearing an umbel which is globofe, with tri-
cufpidated ftamina and fcabrous petals. Per. June^
July.

Arenarium. Broad-leaved Mountain Garlick with a leafy
bulbiferous ftem, round (heaths, a fpatha without a
b^ard, and tricufpidated ftamina. In the mountains of
IV ejlmor eland., Mr Lawson. In Troutbeck-holm by Great-
Strickland. R. Sy. Per. July.

Vineale. Crow Garlick with a round leafy bulbiferous
ftem and tricufpidated ftamina. In meadows and paf-
tures. P^r. June.

Oleraceum.

HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 6^

Oleraceum. IVild Garlick wiih an herbaceous, ftrlated
flower, a round leafy bulbiferous ftem, roundifh, fcab-
rous leaves, fulcated underneath. In the fields about
Briftcl^ and in IVeft, Per. July.

Urftnum. Ramfon with a naked femlcylindrical ftem,
lanceolated leaves on foot-ftalks, and a faftigiated umbel.
Common in woods and hedges. Per. May.

FRITILLARIA. Common chequered
Daffodil or Fritillary.

The flower confifts of fix oblongo-lanceolated, acumi-
iiated petals without any cup, broader towards the bafc
and reflex from the middle. The ne6l;aria are two ob-
tule, callous tubercles adjoining to the bafe of the petals.
The fix ftamina are very fhort and fubulated, having
oblong antherse. The germen is turbinated, having a
fimple ftraight ftyle ftiorter than the corolla, the ftigma
is triplex, patent andobtufe. The fruit is a fubgiobofe
caplule, narrower at the bafe with three cells and three
valves, containing many ovate, acuminated feeds.

Meleagris. Common chequered Daffodil or Fritillary
with the leaves placed alternately. In meadows and
paftures. In Mawde-Jields near Rtjlip Common^ Middle-
fepc. Blacks Spec. In the fields ^ tween Mortlake and
Kew. Per. Aprils May.

ORNITHOGALUM. Star of Bethlehem.

The flower hath fix lanceolated petals, without any
cup, which are ered: to the middle and then piano-pa-
tent, remain till the fruit be ripe and lofe their colour.
The fix filaments are ered, dilated at the bafe, fhorter
than the corolla and have fimple anthers. The germen
is angular, the ftyle fubulated and remains till the fruit
be ripe, and the ftigma is obtufe. The fruit is a round-
ifh, angular, trilocular capfule with three valves con-
taining roundifh feeds.

K 2

Obf.

68 HEXANDHIA MONOGYNIA.

Dbf. The filaments in fome are plain, eredt, alter-
nately trifid, the middle fegment fuftaining theantheras;
in others alternately fimple.

Luteum. Star of Bethlehem with an angular

(laik having two leaves and Tingle umbellated foot-ftalks.
Near Greta-Bridge^ Torkjhire, April.

Pyrenaicum. Spiked Star of Bethlehem with a green ifh
fiower, with a very long Tplke of flowers, lanceolated
filaments, foot-ftalks of the flowers, equal and fp read-
ing, and thofd of the fruit approaching to the fialk. In
the way between Bath and Bradford not far from Little
Ajhley, Per. May.

Umhellattm, Common Star of Bethlehem., Star Flower
with flowers growing in a corymbus, whofe foot-ilalks
are taller than the ftalk, and indented filaments. 1 found
this near Leighton Hall.^ Lan. Per. May.

S C I L L A. Squills.

The flower hath fix ovate, very patent, deciduous pe-
tals without any cup. There are fix Tubulated filaments
flaorter by half than the corolla with oblong, proftrate
anthers. The germen is roundilh, the ftyle fimple, the
length of the ftamina and deciduous, having a fimple
ft'gma. The fruit is a fubovate, finooth, three furrowed,
trilocular capfule, with three valves containing many
roundifli feeds.

Bifolia. Vernal Star Hyacinth with a folid root and
cre<5l flowers growing thinly. Per. Aprils May.

Autumnalis. Phe Autumnal Star Hyacinth with a folid
root, the leaves linear and thread-like, the flowers in a
corymbus and naked foot-ftalks, rifing over each other
to the length of the flpwers. Found on St. Vincent's ropk,
Prijloly ^boutth^ Lizard Point. Dr, Plukenet.

ASPHODELUS, Asphodel or King’s Spear,

The flower is monopetalous and fexpartite, each feg-
ment being lanceolated, plain and patent. The nedari-
urr^ hath fix fmali valves forming a globe inferted in*.o

the

HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 69

thebafe oi the corolla. The fix filaments are fubulared,
inferted into the valves of the ncdarium, fhaped like a
bow and alternately fnorter. I'he anther^e are oblong,
attached by the fides and erect. Between the nedtarium
is a roundifh germen having a lubulated llyle and a
truncated ftigma. The fruit is a globofe, ftelhy, tri-
lobed, trilocular capfule, containing many triangular
feeds gibbous on one fide.

Obf. Linn. The filaments in fome are declinated, in
others bent in the form of a bow.

OJfifragum, Lancafldre /ifphcdel with leaves fhaped.
like a fword and woolly filaments. On the WhiU-mofs^
plentifully, near Tealand^ Lan, Per, Aug,

A N T H E R I C U M. Spiderv/ort or Scottish
Asphodel.

The flower confifls of fix oblong, obtufe and very
patent petals without any cup. 1 he fix filaments are
tubulated and ere6l, having fmall proftrate, quadrifuL
cated antherae. The germen is obfoleteiy three corner-
ed, the ftyle is fimpie and the length of the llamina,
with an obtufe three cornered fligma. The fruit is an
ovate, fmooth, trifulcated, trilocular capfule, with three
valves containing numerous angulated ieeds.

Calyculatum, Scottijh Afphcdel with leaves like fwords,
cups with three lobes and fmooth filaments. Per, Sep.

ASPARAGUS.

The flower hath fix oblong petals co-hering at their
tips, formed into a tube, the three inner ones alternately
placed, reflexed at their extremities and remain till the
fruit be ripe. The fix filaments are thread-like, inferted
on the petals, eredb and fhorter than the corolla, having
roundifh anthers. The germen is turbinated, three
cornered, with a very fhort ftyle, and the ftigma a pro-
minent point. The fruit is a globofe berry, umbilicated
and trilocular, containing two roundifh feeds internally
.anguLted and fmooth,. ^ Ob£^

70 HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

Cbf. LrNN. The figure of the flower varies, it is
fomctimes revolute ; and may with propriety enough be
called a monopetalous flower.

Officinalis, Sparagus with an upright herbaceous fiem,
brillly leaves, and equal ftipuiae. About Harwkh'm
Effexy the Lizard Point,, and by the Thames fide near
Cravefend, R. Sy\ Per, July^ Aug,

CONV A L L A R I A. Lily of the Valley*
I'he flower is monopetalous, campanulated, fmooth
and without any cup, the limb is divided into fix obtufc
patentUreflex fegments. The fix filaments are fubulaced,
inferted on the petal, and fliorter than the corolla, hav-
ing oblong, ered antheras. The germen is globofe, the
flyk is like thread, longer than the fiamina and the flig-
ma is obtufe and three cornered. The fruit is a globofe,
tnlocular berry, fpotted before it be ripe, containing fo-
litary roundifh feeds.

Maialis, Lily of the Valley or May Lily with a naked
ftem. Among the Rocks near Leighton Furnace, in the
Flatwood,, and in Mr Townley’s woods plentifully, Lan,
Per, May,

Multiflora, Solomon's Seal with leaves placed alternate-
ly that embrace the ftalks, and foot-ftalks proceeding
from the fides fuftaining many flowers. In the throng-
wood belonging to George Townley, Efq. In the
liining wood within the townfhip of IVarton^ Lan, Per,
Alay,, June,

Palygonatum, Sweet fmelling Solomon^ s Seal with leaves
placed alternately that embrace a two edged ftalk; and
tbot-fialks from the fides, that bear one flower. In the
clefts of the rocks near Settle^ Skipton^ &c. Torkjhire,
Hudson. Per, May,, June,

HYACINTHUS. Hyacinth or FIarebells.

The flower is monopetalous, campanulated, and with-
out any cup. The limb is cut into fix reflex fegments.
The nedarium confifts of three melliferous pores, at the

fummit

HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. yt

fummit of the germen. The fix filaments are fhort, and
fubulated with connivent antherae. The germen is
roundly three cornered and three furrowed, having a fim-
pie ftyle fhorter than the corolla, with an obtufe ftigma.
The fruit is a three cornered caplule formed of three
valves, containing three cells, in which are ufualiy two
feeds in each cell.

Non Scriptus, Hyacinth or Harebells with campanu*
lated, fexpartite coroilae turned back at the tips. Per May»

A C O R U S. Sweet Smelling Flag,

The cup is a cylindrical, very fimple fpadix covered
with hofcules without any fpathaor fheath. The flower
hath fix obtufe, concave, lax petals, broadefl: at the top
and as it were truncated. The fix filaments are thick-
ifli, a little longer than the corolla, with thickiih, didy-
mous antherge, growing together at the ends. The ger-^
men is gibbous, oblongifh, and the length of the ftami-
na without any ftyle and but a prominent point for a
ftigma. The fruit is a triangular capfule attenuated at
each end, obtufe and trilocular, containing many ovato-
oblong feeds.

Calamus. Acorus or ^weet Smelling Flag called cala-
mus aromaticus. Found in the river Tare near Norwich^
about Hedley in Surry^ and in Chejhire. Per. May.

J U N C U S, Rush.

The gluma confifts of^ two valves, the cup has fix ob-
long acuminated permanent petals. There is no flower.
The fix filaments are capillary and very fliort, with ob-
I long ered: antherae, the length of the cup. The germen
is three cornered and acuminated, the ftyle is very Ihort
and thread-like. There are three long thread-like villofe
[ and in flex ftigmata. The fruit is a covered, three cor^
I nered, unilocular capfule, with three valves, having
! roiindifh feeds.

Rt/5-

HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA;

RUSHES with naked [ialks*

Aciitus, Sea hard Rufli with a naked cylindrical flem
in the fhape of a fword, ending in a panicle, the involu-
cram being two fpinofe leaves. Per. Juty^ Aug*

Conglomeratus. Round headed Rufli with a very ftrait
naked ftem and the head on the fide. Per. June— Aug,
Effufus, Common Soft Rufli with a very ftrait naked
flem and lateral panicle. Per. May — -Aug. '

Jnjiexus. The hard Rufli with a naked ftem a mem-
branaceous crooked apex and a lateral panicle. Per,
June.

Filiformis, The leaft foft Rufli with a naked thread^ >
like, nodding ftem, and a lateral panicle. Found by
Mr Newton not far from Amhlefide in Weft. Hudson.
Per. Aug,

Squarrofus. Mofs Rufli or Goofe Corn with a naked
ftem, fetaceous leaves, conglomerated, aphyllous heads.

, Per, June.

Such as have leafy ftalks.

Articulatus. Jointed leaved Rufli with leaves and
joints. In woods, meadows, and moift paftures.- Per.
July, Aug. -

Bulhofus. Bulbofe Rufli with linear canaliculated leaves
and obtufe capfules. Per. Aug.

Bufonius. T oad Rufli with a dichotomus ftem, angu-
lated leaves, folitary fefiile flowers. An. July, Aug.

Pilofus. Common hairy Wood-rujh or Grafs with plain '
hairy leaves and a branchy corymbus. Per. April, May.

Sylvaticus. Great hairy Woodrufli with plain hairy
leaves a decompofite umbel and feffile flowers. Per.
May.

Campeftris. Small hairy Wood-rufli with plain hairy
leaves, felTile fpikes and peduncles. Per. April.

FRANK-

HEXANDRIA MOffOeYNIA. 73
F R A N K E N .1 A. Sea Heath.,

• A '■

The Clip is monophyllous, cylindrical, decagonal
and permanent, with a quinquedentated, acut;e and pa-
tulent mouth. The flower hath five petals, and ungues
the length of the cup, the limb is plain and the points
roundiflr and patent. The nedlarium is a caaaliculated
pointed unguis, .inferted upon every unguis of the pe-
tals. The fix hlaments are the length of the cup, with
roundilfi,’ didymous antherae. The germen is oblong,
the ftyie is. fimple and the length of .the flamina, having
three oblong, eredl, obtufe ftjgmata. 1 he fruit is ait
oval, unilocular capfule, with three valves jcontaining
many ovate fmall feeds, - - i - -

L^vis.. .Smooth Sea Heath with linear leaves, ciliated
at the bafe. . Found on the fea-diore. Per. AugL
... Pulverulenta. Broad leaved Seuzheath with obovatc
retufe leaves powdered underneath. Found on fhe coaft
ptSuJfex. R. Sy. An. July. \

P E E^,L I S. Water Purslane.

The cup is monophyllousi'’campanulated, very: ]arg^
and permanent, with the mouth, cut into twelve fegments
that are alternately reflex. The flower hath fix qvate,
very minute petals, inferted in the faux of the cupy
The fix filaments are fubiilated and Abort, witlp,roundilh
antherse. The germen is ovate, flyle veryj^on^ and
ftigma orbiculated. The fruit is . a cordate ^bilocular
capfule, containing many fmall three cornered feeds.

, Obf. . In, many flofcules of the fame plant: the corol-
la is wanting. ' . . •

We have but one fpecies of this plant, which is in
perfection about or

" ' L ' ' , J^IGT-

74 HEXAIs^DRIA DIGYNIA & TRIGYNIA:

D I G^T N I A comprehipds ftich as have two piji its y of
which ive have none in England.

^ RIG TN I A comprehends fuch as have three piftils.

. i ' ' i . j (

R U M E X a gemes comprehending both the docks and
■ ' forrels of other

The cup is triphyllous, and the leaves are obtufe, re-
flex and permanent. I he flower has three ovate petals*
^larger than the cup and like it, which are connivent and
* permanent. The iix filaments are capillary and very
fliort with ered: didymous antheras. The germcn is
lurbinato- triquetrous having three capillary reflex ftyles,
placed among die chinks of the connivent petals with
large laciniated ftigmata. There is no feed ’vefTel, the
connivent corolla including one triquetrous feed.

Sanguineus, Bloodwort with hermaphrodite flowers,
entire valves, bearing one grain, and the leaves cordato-
lanceolated. Bien. July- . _

Acutus. Sharp-pointed Bock with hermaphrodite flow-
ers, dented valves, bearing grains, and the leaves eprda-
to-oblong. < Per, June,

CHfpus, Curled Bock with hermaphrodite flov/ers, en-
tire valves bearing grains, lanceolated, undulated and
acute leaves. Per, JuheyJuly.

Ohtuftfolium. Broad leaved Bock with hermaphrodite
flowers, dented valves,* cordato-oblong, obtufe crenula-
teci leaves.*-' Per: July^ Aug,

Pulcher:' Fiddle-dock with hermaphrodite flowers,
dented -valves bearing grains, and* the ‘radical leaves
fhaped like a fiddle. Per, June,

^ Maritimus, "Golden^Bock with herihaphrodite flowers,
dented graniferous valves, and linear leaves. Per, Jidys
Aug. ■ _

Britannica, Great Water Hofk witli hermaphrodite

floweis,

HEXANDRIA JPOLYGYNIA. 75

flowers, entire graniferous valves, and lanceolated leaves.
Per. July y Aug.

HERMAP HROD IP E SO RRELS^ui'hofe valves are
« ^without a granuliis.

Digynus. Round leaved Mountain Sorrel with herma-
phrodite flowers that have two pillils. Per. June.

Ace t of a. Common Sorrel with dioicous flowers and ob-
long fagitated leaves. May — July.

Acetofella. Sheep's Sorrel with dioicous flowers and
lanceoiato-hafiated leaves. Per. April — June.

COLCHICUM. Meadow Saffron.

I here is no cup, unlefs a few vague fpath^ are to be
had as fuch. The corolla is fexpartite, the tube is angu-
lar and radicated-, the fegments of the limb are of a Ipear
fhaped, ovate, concave, erect figure. The fix filaments
are tubulated and fhorter than the corolla, having oblong
incumbent antherse with four valves. ITe germen is bu-
ried within the root, having three thread-like ftyles the
length of the (lamina, and reflex, canaliculated ftigma-
ta. The fruit is a capfule with three lobes, connedted
inwardly by a future, obtufe and trilocular. The futures
open inwardly, and contain many globofe, rugofe ieeds.

Auturmale. Meadow Saffron whth plain, lanceolated,
credl leaves. Per. Sep.

POLI'GTNIA comprehends fuch as have more than
four pijiils.

A L I S M A. Water Plantain.

The cup confifts of three ovate, concave, permanent
leaves. 1 he flower hath three roundifh, large, plain,
very patent petals. The fix filaments are lubulated,
(horter than the corolla, having roundifh antherse. The
germina are more than five with fimple ftyles and ob-
tufe ftigmata. The capfules are comprefTed and the.,
feeds folitarv and fmall.

L 2 Obf.

76 HEPTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

Obf. Bamafonium of T. hath fix large acuminated
capfules.

Alifma, Bill hath many obtufe fmall capfules.
Flantago, Great IVater Plantain ’with ovate, acute
leaves, and obtufe, trigonal fruit. Per, June^ July,
Ranunculoides, Lejjer Water Plantain linear, lan-
ceolated leaves, and feurfy, globofe fruit. Per. June.,

July. ■

Natans. Creeping Water Plantain with ovate, obtufe
leaves, and folitary peduncles. Per. Aug.

Bamafonium. Star headed Water Plantain With, corda-
to-oblong leaves, and flowers having fix piftiis. About
London and many other places. In ditches and Handing
waters. Per. June — ytug,

^ CLASS VII.

HEPTANDRIA.

^he plants of this clafs have feven Jlamina and one pijiil^
hence the name of HEPLANBRIA AiONOGl NlA.

TRIENTALIS. Chickweed, Winter-green.

The cup hath feven lanceolated, acuminated, pa-
tent, permanent leaves. The flower is flellate,
plain, monopetalous and divided into feven parts, [light-
ly joining at the bafe-j the fegments are ovato-lanceoiat-
ed. The feven filaments are capillary, inlerted in the
ungues of the corolla, patulent and the length of the cup
•with Ample anther;^. The germen is globofe, the flyie
is like thread, the length of the ftamina with a headed
ftigma. The fruit is a dry, globofe, unilocular, caplu-
lar berry, the cruft is [lender and opens in feveral futures
containing a few angular feeds. 1 he receptacle is large
and hollowed out lor the feeds. ^

OCTANDRIA MuNOGYN T A. 77

Obf. The common number of feeds is feven, tho’ it
varies' iometiiTies. The fi uit is a dry berry, not opening
by. valves, as a, capfule.

Enropcea. Chickweed^ or Winter Green with lapceolated
entire leaves. Pound in woods. lorkJL Northum. and
Weji, Near Binglcy in Tork/h, Hudson. Per, June,

CLASS VIII.

OCTANDRIA.

fhe plants of this eldfs have eight Jiamina^ and from one to
four piftils^ it is therefore divided into MOJPOGTNIA
DIGlNIAGfc,

MONO G TNI A comprehends fiich as have only one ft amen,.,

EPI,LOBIU M, WiLLOWHERB,

HE cup hath four oblong, acuminated, coloured.

deciduous leaves, and. the iiower hath four round-

ifli petals fomewhat emarginated. The eight filaments
are fubulated, and alternately fhorter, with oval, com-
prelled, obtufe anthers, 'fhe germen is cylindrical,
very long and beneath the flower; the ftyle is thread-
like, the ftigma is quadrifid, thick, obtufe and turned
back. The fruit is a very long, cylindrical, ftriated,
quadrilocular capfule, wiih four valves containing many
oblong feeds, crowned with down. The receptacle is
very long, tetragonal, free, flexile, coloured.

Obf. In fome the llamina and piftils are eredl, in o-
thers declined to the lower fide.

Anguftifolimn, Rofebay Willow-herb with lineari-lan-
ceolated leaves, thin fet on the branches. In woods and
hedges. On Maize-hill beyond Greenwich, In many
places in the North. Per, July-, Aug,

Hirfutum

7^ OCTANDHTA MONOGYNIA.'

Hirfutum. Small flowered hairy Willow-herb with lan-
ccolated, undulato-i'errated, decurrent leaves, the lower
leaves oppolite, theftalk rimple,,and ending in a bunch.
Per. July,

Ramofum, Great flowered Willow-herb., or Codlings
and Cream., with lanceolated, ferrated, partly decnrrent
leaves, the lower ones oppofite, and a branchy ftalk.
By the fides of fmall rivers frequently. Per. July.

Monianum. Smooth leaved Willow-herb with oppofite,
ovate, dentated leaves. Bicn. June,

P etragonum. IN arrow-leaved Willow-herb with lancc-
olato-linear leaves, denticles oppofite, and a tetragonal
flem. In ditches and rivulets. Per. July,

Paluftre. Marjh Willow herb with oppofite, lanceo-
iated, entire leaves, the petals emarginated, and the ftalk
ere(ft. Per, July,

Jlpinum. Mountain Willow-herb with oppofite, ovato-
lanceolated, entire leaves, feftile filiquae, and a creeping
ftem. In the rivulets on the fides of Cheviot-hills in
Northum, R. Sy, Per, July,

V A C C I N I U M. Whortle Berries.

The cup is very fmall, above the receptacle, and re-
mains till the fruit be ripe. The flower is monopetalous,
campanulated and quadrifid, and the fegments turned
backwards. I'lie eight filaments are fimple, having
two horned anthers that have two patent fpikes. The
germen is beneath the flower, the ftyle is fimple, longer
than the ftaminawith an obtufe ftigina. The berry is
globofe, umbiiicated, and qUadrilocular, with a few
fmall feeds.

Obf. Linn. One fifth in every part of the frudlifica^.
tion is often added i. 2. 6. 7. 8. and 9. Here it is the ift.

The cup in many is quadrifid, in the myrtle it is entire.

The corolla when freih is almoft entire, it is turned
back to the bafe in the Oxycocco or Cran-berries.

Myrtillus,

OCTANDRIA MONOGYNIA 79

N^rtilhs. Whortle Berries or Bill Berries with pedun-
cles bearing fmgle flowers, the leaves ferrated, ovate, and
deciduous and an angular flem. Afril^ May,

Uliginofum. I' he great Bilberry Bufh with peduncles
bearing Angle flowers, and the leaves entire, oval and
ciliated at the bafe. In the mountains of Qunb, Aprils
May.

Cantabricum. Irijh JVhorts with naked branches, en-
tire, revoluted, lanceolato-ovate leaves, and underneath
downy. Hudson.

Such as have ever-green leaves.

Vitis Ida'a. Whortle Berries with nodding termlnatory
branches, obovate leaves, entire, turned back and point-
ed underneath. Found in the mountains of TorkJJt,
Derbyjh. and Staff. R. Sy, Aprils May.

Oxycoccus. Cran Berries with entire, ovate leaves,
turned backwaids, and repent, thread-like, naked flalks.
In turfy places both in Wejl. Cumb. Lm. and JPo'^kJ/u
May., jmie.

ERICA. Heath or Ling.

- The cup hath four ovate, erefl, coloured, permanent
leaves, and the flower is monopctalous, campanulated,
quadrifid, and often ventricofe. The eight fllaments arc
capillary and placed upon the receptacle with bifld an-
therae. The germen is roundifli, the ilyle is thread-like,
ftrait, longer than the Itamina. The ftigma is tetragon
nal and quadrifld. The fruit is a roundifli capfule, lefs
than the cup, covered, quadrilocular and has four valves,
containing many fmall feeds.

Obf. Linn. There are Ibme fpecies with a double-
cup. The figure of the corolla is diflercnt in different
plants, d he antherte in foine are double, horned, and
emarginated iii many.

" Such

8o OCTANDRIA T R I G Y N I A.

f

Such as have -double horned anther. e.

Vulgaris. Common Heath or Ling with double horned
antherai, unequal, cainpanulared flowers, and fagitated
leaves let K^ppofite. June., July-) Aug.

Cinerea. Fine kav'ed Wath with double horned an-
therse, ovate, racehiofe flowers and fmooth, linear leaves
by threes_, _ June— Aug..

Tetralix. with' -double horned an-

‘‘thefte^^^'^ flow(^rs, longer than the

cup, and hairy, patent leaves by foun;v fUty., Aug. '•
Such as have fimple., ohtufe., emarginated anther ^e.
Ciliaris. Rough leaved. Heath with funpie augherse,
irregular, ovate flowers, three in a bunch, and hairy
leayes‘by threes • Jum..^

J^.MuUiflora:' Fir leaved Heath with^fnnple, bifid an-
therae, cylindrical flowers, and linear, patent leaves by
fives. June., July.) , •

D I G T'N I A comprehends fuch as have two pijiils.

BLACKSTONIA. Fhis genus is taken from Hudson.

The cup is divided into eight parts, the fegments . are
lanceolated and permanent. The flower is monopeta-
lous, without a tube, and divided into eight fegmenis
. that are lanceolated and the length of the cup. The
eight filaments are fubulated and have Ample anthene.
The germen is ovato-oblong without any ityie, but two
ftigmata. The fruit is an oblong, acuminated, unilocular
capfule with two valves and many frnall feeds.

Perfdliata) Yellow Centory with flowers divided into
eight parts, and perfoliate leaves. .An. July.

T R I G T N I A comprehends fuch as have three pijiils..

POLYGONUM. Bistort or Snakeweed^.'^

. -The cup is turbinated, internally coloured, quinque-
partite, and the fegments are oval, obtufe, and permanent.
There is no flower unlefs the cup be reckoned as fuch,

* The

OCTANDRIA TRIGYNIA 8f

The filaments are moft commonly eight, fubulated and
very fhort with roundifii, proftrate antheras;, The ger-
men is triquetrous and has moft commonly three thread-
like, very fhort ftyles with fimple ftigmata. There is
no feed vefTel but the cup contains one triquetrous acute
feed.

Obf. The ftamina in fome are fix, in others feven, in
others five. The piftil in fome is bifid.

Such fpecies as have fingle fpikes,

Biftarta, Snakeweed with a fimple monoftachyous
ftem, ovate leaves, decurrent into a petiolum. Found in
moift meadows. Per, May^ June,

Viviparum, Snakeweed with a fimple monoftachyous
ftem and lanceolated leaves. Per, June,

Such as have a bifid piftil and ftamina lefts than eighth
Amphibium, Perennial Arftmart which hath a flower
with five ftamina and a bifid piftil, and the ftamina lon-
ger than the corolla. Per, June,, JAy,

Perficaria, Spotted Arftmart which hath flowers that
have fix ftamina and two piftils, ovato-oblong fpikes,
lanceolated leaves and ciliated ftipulae. Found frequent
in rough uncultivated places. An, Aug, Sep,

Penjylvanicum, Pale Arftmart which hath flowers that
have eight ftamina, two piftils, hifpid peduncles, lance-
olated leaves and ftipulae without beards. An, Aug.

Hydropiper. P/ater Pepper or Arftmart with flowers
that have fix ftamina, bifid piftils, lanceolated leaves,
and ftipulae. without beards. An. July,, Aug,

Minus. Small creeping Arftmart with flowers that have
fix ftamina, two piftils, lanceolated leaves, ciliated
ftipuliE, and a divaricated, patulent fteip. An, July.

Such as have undivided leaves and eight ftamina.
Aviculare, Knot-grafts whofe flowers have eight fta-
mina and three piftils, arifing from the joints, lanceolated
leaves and a procumbent, herbaceous ftem. An, June —
Sep, M

82 O C T A N D R I A T E T R A G Y N I A.

Maritimum, Sea Knot-grafs with axillary flowers that
have eight ftamina, and three pifliils, ovali-lanceolated
/leaves always green, and a Ihrubby ftalk. Per, July.

Convolvulus. Black Bindweed with cordate leaves, a
twining ilem, and plainilli flowers. An. June — Sep.

Fagopyrum. Buck Wheat or Brank with cordato-fa-
gitated leaves, a branchlefs, ered ilem, and the angles
of the feeds equal. An. July. Aug.

T EFRAGTN I A comprehends fuch as have four pijiils.

PARIS. True-love or One-berry.

The cup is tetraphylious and remains till the fruit be
ripe, the leaves are lanceolated, acute, as large as the
corolla and patent. There are four patent, fubulated
petals like the cup, and remain till the fruit be ripe.
,The eight filaments are fubulated and ihort, beneath the
antherae.v/hich are long and grow on both Tides to the
middle of the filaments. The germen is rotundo-tetra-
gonal, having four patent ilyles, fhorter than the ilamina
and Ample ftigmata. The fruit is a globofe- tetragonal,
quadrilocular berry, having many feeds in a double
feries.

Fluadrifolia. Herb Paris., &€. with four leaves of
which there is but one fpecies found in the whole
world. I have feen this plant in all the woods about
the Tealands in Lan. Some plants I have obferved with
five and foine with Ax leaves. May— July.

A D O X A. Tuberous Moschatel.

The cup is bifid, plain and permanent within the
germen. ■ The flower is monopetalous, plain and qua-
drifid, the fegments ovate, acute and longer than the
cup. The eight filaments are fubulated and the length
of the cup, with roundifh antherae. The germen is
beneath the receptacle of the flower, having four Ample,
ered ftyles the length of the ftamina that are permanent,

with

E N N E A N D R I A. 85

Avith fimple ftigmata. The fruit is a globofe berry
between the cup and corolla, the cup being joined with
the berry which is umbilical and quadrilocular having
folitary, comprelTed feeds.

Obf. Linn. Such is the terminatory frudlification,
but all the laterals add one fifth part of the number.

N. B. With great propriety this might be added a-
mong the plants of the Decandria Clafs as every flower
but the terminatory one hath ten ftamina.

MsfchaielHna, "Tuherous Mojchatel. Per, March —
June,

E L A T I N E. Waterwort.

The cup hath four roundifh, plain leaves, as large as
the flower, which remain till the fruit be ripe. The
flower hath four ovate, obtufe, feifile, patent petals.
The eight filaments are the length of the corolla, hav-
ing fimple antherae. The germen is orbicular, globofo-
deprefled and large, having four ftyles, ered, parallel
and the length of the ftamina with fimple ftigmata.
The fruit is an orbicular, globofo-deprelfed, large, qua-
drilocular capfule with four valves containing many lu-
nulated, ered feeds furrounding the Receptacle in th®
fliape of a wheel.

Alflnajirum, with verticillat3€ leaves. Per,

Aug.

CLASS IX. '

E N N E A N D R I A.

^he plants of [this clafs have nine ftamina,, and from one to
fix piftilsy but in England we have none with a fe^veer
number ofpiftils than fix,, and only one plant of that clafsy
vi^»

B U T O M U S. Flowering Rush.

The involucrum is fimple, having three Ihcrt
leaves. The flower hath fix roundifn, concave,
withering leaves, alternately lefs and more acute. The

M 2 nine

84 DECANDRIA MGNOGYNIA.

nine filaments are fubiilated, of which fix are placed
externally, with bilamellaLcd antheras. There are fix
oblong, acuminated germina ending in ftyles and lim-
ple ftigmata. There are fix oblong, attenuated, ere6t
capfiiles having one valve, and open inwardly, contain^
ing many oblongo-cylindraceous feeds, obtufe on both
fides.

Umhellatus, Flowering Rujh or JVater Gladiole, In mofi:
of the ditches about London^ in the County of Surry.
June^ July.

CLASS X.

DECANDRIA.

fhe plants of clafs have ten ftamindy and from one to
five piftils or more.

MO N 0 G T N 1 A comprehends fuch as have onepifiil.

MONOTROPA. Bird’s Nest.

There is no Ipup (unlefs you account the five
external petals as fuch.) The flower hath ten
oblong, parallelorereft petals, ftrrated at the fummits
and deciduous, of which the exterior ones are alternate-
ly gibbous at the bafe, and internally concave and mel-
liferous. There are ten filaments that are fubulated,
credjt and Ample, with Ample anthersp. The germen is
roundifh and acuminated, the ftyle is cylindraceous, and
the length of the flamina, with an obtufo-headed fligmia^
The fruit is an oyate, pentagonal, obtufe capfule, with
five valyes, containing many paleaceous feeds.

‘Obf. Such is the term inatory flower, but if there are
lateral ones they exclude one fifth of the number in e-
yery part of the frudtification.

Hypopithys, Bird's Neft^ fmelling like Primrofe roots^
with lateral flowers having eight flamina and the termi-
natory one ten. In woods but not common. Per. July.

A N P R O-

DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 85

ANDROMEDA. Wild Rose-mary.

The cup is quinquepartite, acute, fmall, coloured
and permanent. The Hower is monopetalous, campan-
ulated, quinquifid, with reflex fegments. The t^n fila-
ments art* lubulated and fliorter than the corolla and
fcarce fixed thereto. The antherse have two nodding
horns. The germen is roundifli, the ftyle cylindraceous,
longer than the ftamina and remains till the fruit be
ripe having an obtufe ftigma. T he fruit is a roundifh,
pentagonal, quinquelocular capfule, having five valves
opening at the corners with many roundifh fmooth
feeds.

Obf. This plant differs from Heath in the number
of ftamina. The flpwer in fome is ovate, in others
perfe6lly campanulated.

Polifolia, Marjh Cijius or Wild Rofe-mary v/ith ag-
gregate peduncles, ovate flowers, the leaves alternately
lanceolated and turned back. On moffy grounds. I
found it on the JVhite-mofs^ Tealandy Lan, Per,

May,

P Y R O L A.. Winter-green.

The cup is quinquepartite, very fmall and remains till
the fruit be ripe. The flower hath five roundifh, con-
cave, patent petals. The ten filaments are fubulated
and fhorter than the corolla, having nodding, large, two
horned antherse. The germen is roundifli, angular and
has a thread-like ftyle, longer than the ftamina and per-
manent, with a thickifh ftigma. The capfule is round-
ifh, deprefled, pentagonal, quinquelocular, and opens ac
the angles, containing many paleaceous feeds.

The fhape of the ftigma is different in different
fpecies.

Rctundifolia, Common Winter ’green the rtnr7, hu

under the upper fide, and declining piftils. L. jods

Eiivi

U D E C A N D R I A D I G Y N I A.

and thickets. Near Halifay; in the way leading to
Keighley^ Torkjh. and other places of the North. Hudson.
Seldom found in the South. Per. June., July.

Minor. Leffer Winter-green with flowers difperfed' in
branches, upright ftamina and piftiis. In a little wood
between Clapham anti Ingleion., T'orkfn. In ^'acket 'woody
near Simonburn five miles from HexharUy Northumberland,
Per. July,

Secunda. Dented leaved Winter-green with the branches
on one fide. In Hajlcwood near Sir Walter Vavasor’s
park in Torkfh. R. 6j. Per. June.

D IG T N I A comprehends fuch as have two pijlils.

CHRYSOSPLENIUM. Golden Saxifrage.

The cup is quadripartite, often qulnquifid, patent,
coloured and remains till the fruit be ripe, with ovate
fegments. There is no flower, unlefs the coloured cup
be taken as fuch. There are eight and often ten fiamina
that are fubulated, eredt and very fnort, placed in the
angular receptacle, with fimple antherse. The germen is
funk in the receptacle, and ends in two fubulated ftyies
the length of the ftamina, having obtufe ftigmara. The
fruit is a two beaked, bipartite, unilocular capfule, hav-
ing two valves, furrounded with a green cup, contain-
ing many fmall feeds.

Obf. The terminatory flower is fometimes quinquifid,
the other feries are quadrifid. About Leighton Hally Lan,

Oppofitifolium. Common Gold-en Saxifrage with oppfite
leaves. Found about fprings, and in fhady woods.
Per. Aprily May.

AUernifolium. Golden Saxifrage with alternate leaves.
Found as the former but not fo common. Near Bing-
ley in Torkfh. Per. April.

SAX-

DECANDRIA D I G Y N I A. *7

SAXIFRAGA. Saxifrage.

The cup is monophyllous, quinquepartite, Hioit, a«
cute, and remains till the fruit be ripe. The flower hath,
five patent petals narrow at the bafe. The ten filaments
are fiibulated, having roundifh anthcrae. The germea
is fubrotundo-acuminated, ending in two fhort ftyles^
with obtnfe fligmata. The fruit is a fubovate capluie,
two-bea^ed, unilocular, opening among the apices and
contains many minute feeds.

Such as have undivided leaves and naked fiems,

Stellaris. Hairy Kidyieywort with ferrated leaves, a
naked, branching ftalk, and acuminated petals. On tht
Welfli mountains. On Hardknot and Wrenofe^ by Buck^
barrovj~well in Longjleddale^ IVeft, R. Per, June-^
Jug.

Nivalis, Mountain Sengreen with obovate, crenate,
feffile leaves, a naked ftalk, and flowers in clufters.
Found on the mountains. R. Sy, Per, June,

Such as have undivided leaves^ and a leafy ftalk,

Oppojitifolia, Mountain Heath-like Sengreen with ovate,
oppofite, imbricated leaves, and the tops ciliated. Found
on the fides of Inglehorough, On Snowdon
Per, Mareh^ April.

Aizoides. Tellow Mountain Sengreen with the leaves on
the ftalks, lineari-fubulated, thlnfet and naked, and the
ftaiks decumbent. On the fides of Inglehorough-hilL
Per. Aug.

Autumnalis. Autumnal Sengreen with linea^. ftalk
leaves, alternately ciliated, and thofe towards die ioots
aggregate. Found by Dr. Kin'gstonb on Knotsford
Moor^ Chefhire. Per. July., Aug,

Such as have lohate leave's., and ere SI ftalks.

Cafpitofa. Small Mountain Sengreen with the radical
leaves aggregate, linear, entire and trifid, and an eredt,
naked ftalk that bears two flowers. Found on the
mountains about Amhkfide in V/ef, Per.

"Prydxic-

’ 88 D E C A N D R I A D I G Y N I A.

^rydaulylites. Rue leaved Sengreen or Whitlow-grafs
with leaves like wedges, alternately trifid, and an ere(^,
branchy ftem. On old walls and houfes. An. Aprils
May,

Granulata. IVJiite Sengreen or Saxifrage with lobate,
kidney fhaped leaves, a branchy flem, and a granulated
root. In the fields on the fide of Wallworth coynmon near
London plentiful. In Mr Town ley’s wood called
Grifedale nigh the fide of the Coppice- wood but not plen-
tiful, Lan. Per. May., June.

Such as have lohate leaves and procumbent Jlalks,

Hypnoides. Trifid Sengreen linear, entire or trifid
leaves on the ftalks, procumbent fide .fhoots, and eredl
’ ftalks which are almoft naked. In the mountains of
Weft. Torkjh. Derby fit. Per. April., May.

/ SCLERANTHUS. Knawel.

The cup is monophyllous, tubulated, femlquinqui-
fid', acute, and remains till the fruit be ripe, and is
ftraitened in the neck. There is no flower. The ten
•filaments are fubulated, ered, very finall and placed up-
on the cup, having roundifli anthers. The germen is
roundifli and has two ered, capillary ftyles the length
of the ftamina, and Ample ftigrnata.. The fruit is an
ovate, very flender capfule in the bottom of the cup,
containing two feeds, convex on one fide and plain on
the other.

Anntius. Gernian Knot-grafs, or Annual Knawel witli
the cups of the fruit patuient. In fandy fields. Adi,
Aug.

' Pennis. Perennial Knawel with the cups of the fruit
fhut. Grows as the former. Per. Aug.

SAPONARIA. SoAPwoRT.

The cup is monophyllous, tubulofe, quinquedentated,
and remains till the fruit be ripe. The petals are fiv^e,
the ungues are narrow, angulated, and the length of the

cup.

P E C A N D R I A D I G Y N 1 A.

cup. The limb is plain, but the fegments are e^cternally
broader and obtufe* The ten filaments are Tubulated
and the length of the tube of the corolla, alternately
placed upon the ungues of the petals, having long, ob-
tufe, proftrate antherse. The germen is taper, having
tw6 ere(fi:, parallel ftyles, the length of the (lamina with
acute ftlgmata. T he fruit is a capfuk the length of the
cup, covered, unilocular and cylindraceous, containing
many fmall feeds.

O^cvtalis, Soap-wort with cylindrical cups and ova-
to-lanceolated leaves. \n ton Tov^n. Oppofite Mr
Clarkson’s houfe in Tealand Redman^ Lan, plentifully*
Near Mordon College^ Camb, Per, July^ Aug,

DJANTHUS. Clove Gilly-flower, Carnation
and Pink.

The cup is cylindrical, long, flriated and remains till
the fruit be ripe, the mouth is ered and quinquedentated,
furrounded at the bafe with four fquamulas, of which
two are lower than the others. The flower hath five pe-
tals and the ungues are the length of the cup, narrow
and placed upon the receptacle; the upper part is broad,
obtule and crenated. The ten filaments are fubulated
and the length of the cup with patulent apices. The
antherae are ovali-oblong, comprefled and proftratc. /
The germen is oval having two fubulated ftyles longer
than the ftamina and the ftigmata are crooked and acu-
minated. The capfule is cylindraceous, clofe, unilocu-
lar, opening at the top four ways, containing many com-
preffed, roundifti feeds. The receptacle is open, tetra-
gonal, (horter by half than the feed veffel.

Obf. Linn. In feme, the ftyles fcarcely exceed the
length of the ftamina, in others they are very long, but
fo much turned back, that the inflexion of the flower ap-
pears unncceflTary,

N Such

90 DECANDRIA T R I G Y N I A,

Such as have aggregate Jiowers,

Armeria, Deptford Pink with aggregate flowers, tlie
fcaies of the cup lanceolated, yillofe, and equal with the
tube. In Carlton IVood^ Camb, Craydon. Hudson.
Per. July.

Prolifer. JJrnewort with aggregate, headed flowers,
the fcaies of the cup ovate, obtuie, and the beards equal-
ing the tube. In gravelly places but not common. An.
Aug. - .

. Such as have folk ary flowers and many on the fame flalk. <
Deltoides., Maiden Pinks with fingle flowers, the leaks
of the cup double and lanceolated, and the flowers crena-
ted. In heathy meadows and palfures. On Harnftead
Heath. Per. Ju?ie., July.

Glaucus. Mountain Pink with Tingle flowers, the
fcaies of the cup lanceolated, and the petals crenated.
On Chedder rocks in Somerfetjhire. Mr Brewer. Per.
July.

Such as have one flower on an herbaceous flalk.

Arenarius. Stone Pink with ftalks that have one
flower, the fcaies of the cup ovate and obtufe, the petals ’
bifld and the leaves linear. In dry paftures and on v/alis.
0\\ Chedder rocks. Mr Brewer. In the north of
land. R. Sy, Per. June., July.

AT RIG TN I A comprehends fuch as have three pifl Us.

GU CUB ALUS. Berry bearing Chickweed.’

The cup is monophy lions, tubulofe, quinquedentated
and remains till the fruit be ripe. The flower hath •
£ve petals, the. ungues the length of the cup, the limb is
plain but the fegments are bifid. The ten filaments are
Tubulated and alternately placed upon the tails of the
petals, with oblong ahthcrae. ’^Thcgermen is fomewhat

longifh

I>E C A N D R I A* T R i G Y N RA/ 91

iongifh having three fubiiiate^ ftyles longer than the
Itainina. The iligmata are hairy, oblong and bent a-
gainil the fun,- .i.The fruit; is a clofe capfuie, acuminated,
trilocular at apex, opening hve ways, ’ containing
many rolindiHi feeds.

. Obf It is diilinguifhed from the Silene by the
co/olla having no neddariai crov/n.

Bacciferus. Berry bearing Chickweed with campanu-
lated cups, the petals Handing off one another, the feed
veffels. coloured, and the branches divaricated. In .woods
in, the I He of R. Sy. *Pex- July. _ . , i

Behen. Bladder Campion^ or }Vhite Corn Campion with,
fubglobofe cups, fmooth and reticuio-venofe, trilocular
caplules, . and naked coroll^e. - ^ In dry paftures very
common. .Per. July. ; . ' - . :

rrVifcafus. ■ Dover Campion ^ ysfith. decumbent, . lateral
flov/ers, .an undivided (talk, and leaves .redcxi at, (She-bafcw-
Found bn Bovyr Cliffs by Mr Newton.- Per,

July. ■ - , : ( V ]:-b
Otites. Spaniff Campion^ ov Catchjy.,
flowers, Tetaceolis,^ undivided petals. In grayelly foil.
About the.grayel pits on the north of Newmarkp.^ Be-
tween Barton Mills and Thetfor4*^ R* By., I-er-^ July*

I Acaulis. - Mofs Campion w-ithout: a .ftalk. Found on
mountdins* July, - . r .ni; :i t;.. :

’■ V' } ‘ -i,:-.;* 7?rioe f.i., ?

S I L E N E. .yiscpus, Campion,; or.CATCHFLY.

The cup is monop hyllous, tubulofe, quinquedentated
and remains till the fruit.be ripe. Tile flower .hath five
petals, with narrow ungues, the length of the cup and
emarginated: The limb is plain, obtufe and often bifld.
The nedarium is compounded of two fmail indentures
in the neck, of each petal conftituting a crown of the
faux. There are ten fubulated filaments, alternately
placed upon the tails of the petals, above each ot}ie/,.
with oblong antherse. The germen is cylindrapepus,
having three fimple flyles longer than the ftamina and
N 2 ftigmata

9* decandriatrigynia.

ftigniata that ai"e reflexed agalnft the fun. The fruit Is'
a cylindrical, clofe, trilocular capfule opening in the a-
pex five ways, containing many kidney lhaped feeds.

Anglica, Small Corn Catchjly^ ox Campion^ rough with
cmarginated petals, ere6l flowers, the fruit reflex, and
peduncles alternate. In the corn fields near -Colchejlcr.
Among the corn near the Devil's Ditch in Camb, R. Sy,-
An. Jme^July.

A^neena. ^ea Campion with bifid petals, the leaves
hanging on the outfide, peduncles that have three flowers
and are oppofite, and alternate branches. On the fea-
Ihore. Per, Aug.

Nutans. Nottingham Catchfiy with bifld petals, nod-
ding flowers . growing from the fide of the (talks, all
turned to one fide, and a ftalk bended back. On the
Walls of Nottingham Caflle and thereabouts. And on
many rhountains and paftures. Per. June., July.

• Conoidea.' Great Corn Catehfly., or Campion with the
cups of the fruit conical, marked with thirty (tripes, and
fotrleavesi Found in gravelly fields.

NocfiJioTrat Night flowering Catchfly with ten angulated
cups, the dents equal with the tube, apd a dichotomous
(tem. Found in corn fields, July,

‘ Armeria. Broad leaved Catchfly with flowers gathered
into bunches, the upper leaves Imooth and heart lhaped,
commonly called Lobel's Catchfly. On the banks of the
river half a mile below Cheftef'. R. Sy. An. Aug. -

- STELTARIA. Stitchwort.

The cup hath five leaves, that are ovato-lanceolated,
concave, acute, patent, and remain till the fruit be ripe.
The flower hath five bipartite, plain, oblong, withering
petals. The ten filaments are thread-like, (horter than
die corolla, alternately (hotter one than the other with
roundiih antherae. The germen roundilh and hath

- . three

DECANDRIATRIGYNIA. 93

three capillary, patent ftyles v/ith obtufe ftigmata. v The
fruit is an ovate, dole, unilocular capfule with fix valve^j
containing many, roundifh, flat feeds.

* fJemorum. Broad leaved Stitchwort with petiolated, cor-
date leaves, and tlie peduncles of the panicle ramofe.
In woods and hedges and on the banks of rivers in
Torkjh, Lan. JVeJL and Cumb', Per. July., Aug.

Holcjiea. (greater Stitchwort ^i\ki lanceolated, ferrated
leaves and bifid petals. Common in woods and hedges* .
per. April., May. .

Graminea. Lejfer Stitchzvort with linear entire leaves,
and paniculated flowers. A common plant. Per. July*

A R E N A R I A. Chickweed.

The cup hath five oblong, acuminated, patent petals
that remain till the fruit be ripe. The flower hath five
ovate petals. The ten filaments are fubulated with
roundilh antherse. The germen is ovate, having three
eredo-reflex flyles and thickifh ftigmata. The fruit
is an ovate, clofe, unilocular capfule, and the apex o-
pening five ways contains many kidney fhaped feed5».

Peploides. Sea Chickweed with ovate, acute, flefhy
leaves. Per. June., July.

P'rinervia. Plantain-leaved Chickweed with ovate, a-
eote, petiolated nervous leaves. An. May., June.

Serpyllifolia. The leafi Chickweed with fubovate^
acute, leflile leaves, and flowers fhorter than the cups^
An. May., June,

Saxatilis. Mountain Chickweed with fubulated leaves,
paniculated ftems, and the leaves of the cups ovate.
Found on the m^yntaii)? of Torkjh. Derbyjji. and lVeJl»
Per. Aug.

Lariafolia. Larch leaved Chickweed with fetaceous
leaves, the ftalk naked towards the top, and the cups
rpughifh, Pn th? mountains of Wefi. Per^ Aug.

Tm.

i

94 DECANDRIA PENTAGYNIA.

^tnuifolia. Fine leaved Chickweed with fubulated^
leaves,. a panlculated ftem, fimple peduncles, eredl cap*,
fules, and petals fhorcer than the cup. Per. June., 'July.

- Ruhr a. Purple flowred Chickweed, . ox: Spurry yriih
thread-like leaves, and membranaceous ftipuia; formings
a Iheath. i

Marina. Sea Spurry with linear leaves the lengtli of.
^hat fpace between the notches. An. June, July.

PENTAGTNIA. comprehends.. Juch plants as . have'
jive pijiils.

*

COTYLEDON. Navel-wort, or Kidney-wort.

The cup is monophyllous, ferniquinquifid, acute and
very fmall. The' flower hath a xampanulated^ ';feEfli-
quinquifid petal. The nedarium is a concave.'Tcale*
at the exterior bale of the germen. ' The ten fllamcnts)
are fubulated, fliraight, and the length ofihe corolla, hav-;
ing ere6t, four furrowed a ntherser. There are five ob*-^
long^ thickifh germina, ending in fubulated ftyles:, ion-!
g^r than the Itamina,- with firnpie fliigmata. There, aixt
flve oblong, ventricole,'*acumrnated' capfules, with one
valve, opening longitudinally, containing many .fmall'
feeds. -

Umhilicus. Navel^wort, Kidney -wort, ox IVall Penny^,
wort, with cuculiated, ferrko-dentated, alternate, leaves,
a branchy Item, and ered flowers. On old walls, but;
not common; near Brijiol. About Froutbeck, Weji.s.
Hudson. May— July,

S E D' U M. 'Houseleek.'

• ^The cup is quinquepartite, acute, eredl and remains
till the fruit beripe. The flower hath five lanceolated^
acuminated,, plain,- patent petals. The neftaria .are five^’
eachds a very fmall, emarginated fquamula, affixed to

the

DECANDRIA PENTAGYNIA. ^5

the outer part of the germen near the the bale. The ten
filaments are Tubulated and the length of the corolla,
having roundifh antherse. The five germinaare oblong,
ending in (lender flyles and have obtufe ftigmata.
There are five patent, acuminated, comprefled capfules,
emarginated towards the bafe, and open longitudinally
and contain many very fmall feeds.

5" dephium. Orpine^ or Live-long^ with plainifh ferrated
leaves, a leafy corymbus and ereft ftalk. In rocky
woods moft commonly. Per, Aug,

Reflexum, Yellow Stonecrop^ or Prick-madam^ with
Tubulated leaves fet thinly without order, a looTe mem-
branaceous bafe, the lower leaves bended, and the flowers
from the top of the branches.

Rupefire, St. Vincenfs Rock Stonecrop with Tubulated
leaves growing in clufters five ways; the bafe has a looTe
membrane and the flowers grow from the top of the
branches. On St. Vincenfs Rock near Brijiol, Per, Aug,
Album, White flowered Stonecrop with oblong, obtule,
taper leaves, fitting dole to the flallcs, patent, and a
branching flalk. On walls and houTes., On a wall juft
beyond the Chapel at Kenti/h-Yoivn. Per. June.^ July.

Acre. Wall Stonecrop., or Pepper., with oval, gibbotis,
ered, alternate leaves, fitting dole to each other and a
trifid top. Per. June.

Sexangulare. Inftpid Stonecrop with almoft oval, gib--
bous, ered leaves, growing dole to each oHier and imbri-
cated fix ways. Bien. July.

Annuufii. Mountain Stonecrop with an ered, annual.
Angle ftalk, oval, gibbous leaves, which are placed al-
ternately and a recurved top. Betwixt 7'armouth and
Dcnewich. On the rocks in Lan. and Wefl. Near
Winandenner e-water. KhowtRydalem Weft, Per. Aug.

Dafyphyllum. Round leaved Stonec7'op' oval, flefhy,
obtufe leaves placed oppofite, a weak ftalk, and flowers
growing thinly without order. An. July.

filloflim. March Stonecrop with an ered ftalk, plain

leaves,-

.96 DECANDRIA PENTAGYNIA:

leaves, and peduncles fomewhat hairy. On the moift
rocks about InglchorougJu On Hincklehow near Setile,
Dr. Richardson. June,

O X A L I S. Wood Sorrel.

The cup is quinqnepartite, acute, very fhort and re^
mains^till the fruit be ripe. 7 he flower is qulnquepar-
tite, cohering by means of ungues, ere6t, obtufe and e-
marginated. There are teh, capillary, ered filaments,
and the external ones are fhorter, having roundifh, ful-
cated antherje. The germen is quinquangular, with five
thread-like ftyles the length of the fliamina, and the
ftigmata are obtufe. The fruit is a pentagonal, quin-
quelocularcapfule, opening longitudinally at the angles,
containing roundifli feeds that are thrown out with an
elafticity, when ripe, if touched.

Acetofella, JVood Sorrel with one flower on a foot-
flalk, leaves by threes, and a fcaly, jointed root. Per^
April,

AGROSTEM A. Cockle.

The cup is monophyllous, coriaceous, tubulofe, quin-
quedentated, and remains till the fruit be ripe. The
flower hath five petals and the ungues are the length of
the tube of the cup. The limb hath patent, obtqfe la«»
minas or fegments. The ten filaments are Tubulated
and alternately ranged, placed upon each unguis, of
the petals, having Ample anther^e. The germen is o-
vate having five thread-like, ere(5l ftyles the length of
the ftamina and Ample ftigmata. I'he fruit is an ob-
iongo-ovate, covered, unilocular capfule with five
valves containing many, kidney-ftiaped, pointed feeds*
The receptacles are free, and as many in number as the
feeds, the interior ones gradually longer.

Obf. A, Cithaco, The corolla is not crowned, as
in the reft.

Cithati],

DEGANDRIA PENTAgYNIA 9/

Githaco. Hairy Cockle with cups equaling the corolla
and naked entire petals; In Peckham Fields near Lon-
don and fometimes tho’ rare it is found in the North*
In the corn fields below Tcaland Redman I found it once
or twice. June^ July^

LYCHNIS. Campion*

The cup is monophyllous, tubulofe, membranaceous*
quinquedentated^ and remains till the fruit be ripe*
The Rower hath five petals, and ungues the length of
the cup, plain and emarginated* The limb hath often
divided fegments and plain. The ten filaments are aF
ternately ranged and longer than the cup, each fixed to
the tail of a petal with proftrate antheras* The germen
is fubovate, having five Tubulated ftyles longer than thq
ftamina. The ftigmata are reflex againft the fun
and hairy. The fruit is a capfule approaching to an.
ovate figure, covered, and hath five valves containing
many roundifh feeds.

Flos ciiculi. Meadow Pinks^ Wild Williams^ Cuckom
Flower with quadrifid petals, and roundilh fruit. Per.
June,

Vifearia, Red German Catchfiy with entire petals.’
On mountainous pafliures. May^ June,

Dioica, White and Red Campion^ Lychnis^ w^^th dioi-
cous flowers. Per, May — July,

Foemina with a compound ftalk and cups oblongo-
©vate. Per, May — July,

Mas, Wild Lychnis with a red flower. Per, May^
July.

CERASTIU M. Mouse-ear Chickweed.

The cup hath five ovato-lanceolated, acute, patent
leaves that remain till the fruit be ripe. The flower
hath five bifid, obtufe, eredo-patent petals the length of
the cup. The ten filaments are thread-like, Ihortcr than

p the

98DECANDR]IA FENTAGYNIA.

the corolla, alternately llioVter one than the other, having
round antherx. Thegermcn is ovate, having five ca-'
pillary, ercf^ fty.Rs, the length of the ftaniina and obtule
ftigtfiata. if he" fruit is an ovato-cylindraceous, often
globoie, obtufe, unilocular capfule, opening with a quin-
quedentated apex, containing many roundilh feeds.

Vulgatum.i -Narrow leaded Moufe-ear Chkkwced v/ith
ovate leaves, petals equal to the cup and diffufe llalks.
In metidovvs and paftures. An. June.

Vifcofum. Broad leaved Moufe-ear Chickweed that is^
villoie, eredl, and clammy. An. Aprils May.

Semidecandriiim. B’he leafi Moufe-ear Chicklveed with^
flowers that have five ftarnina and emarginated petals.
In meadov/s and pafturcs. " An. April.

Arvenfe. Corn Moufe-ear Chickiveed with linear, lan-
ceolated, obtufe, fmooth leaves, and flowers larger than
the cup. In meadows and paftures. On Bupper\ Hill
near Croydon. Hudson. On Newmarket Wath., and*
feveral places in * Camh. At Grantham in Lincolnfhire, '
Between the Glafs-houfes and JDenfs Hole., Newcaftle upon
^ Tyne. Per. May. ■ ^

Ahpinum. Mountain Moufe-ear ChickweedNixh. ovzxo-
lanceolated leaves, a diyided ftalk and obtufe capfules,
Per. June'.

Such as have roundifh capfides.

T omentofim., Wooly Moife-ear Chickweed v/ith oblong,
woolly leaves, ramofe peduncles, and globofe capfules.
Per. May.

A(iuaiiaan. Marfh Moufe-ear Chickfweed with cordate,
felfile leaves, folitary flowers and pendulous fruit. Per. •
July.

S P E R G U L A. Spurry.

The cup hath five ovate, obtufe, concave, patent
leav^es that remain till the fruit be ripe. The flower
hath five, ovate, concave, patent petals, larger than the
• - ^ cup,

DODECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 99

cup, and undivided. The ten filaments are fubulated,
and fliorter than the corolla, having roundifh anthers.
The germen is ovate, the five ftyies are erefto-rcRex,
and thread-like, with thickifn iligmata. The fruit is
an ovate, covered, unilocular caplule with five valves,
containing many depreffo-globofe feeds.

Obf. It is d i ft ingu idled from the former genus by
its havins; entire leaves.

Arvenfts. Corn Sptirry with verticillate leaves and
flowers that have ten ftamina. An. Aug.

pentandria. Small Spurry with verticillate leav^es and
flowers that have five ftamina. An. July.

Ncdofa. Knotted Spurry., or Erglifli Marjh Saxifrage^
w'th oppofite, fubulated, fmooth leaves and limple ftalks.
In moift meadows. On the banks of the Thames
Nine- Elms t and on Hampfiead Heath. Per. July., Aug.

C L A S S XL

DODECANDRIA.

This clafs comprehends fuch plants as have any number of
ftamina from twelve to nineteen both inclufive., and from
one to five piftils.

MONOGTNIA comprehends fuch as have one piftiL

A S A R U M, Asarabacca,

The cup is monophyllous, campanulated, femitri-
fid, coriaceous, coloured and remains till the fruit
be ripe •, the fegments are eredt and inflex at the apex.
There is no flower. The twelve filaments are fubulated
and fliorter by half than the cup; the antherte are ob-
iong> growing to the middle partition of the filaments.

O 2 Tire

^JOO DODECANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

The germen is placed beneath, often within, the fub-
fiance of the cup. The ftyle is cylindraceous and the
length of the ftamina, The fligma ftellate and divided
into fix redex fegnients. The fruit is a coriaceous cap-
fule within the i'ubftance of the cup, and has fix cells,
containing many ovate feeds.

Europmm, Afarabacca with kidney-fhaped, obtufe
leaves, growing by pairs. In woods and fhady places.
In Icveral woods in Lancafkire, May\

TYTHRUM, Willow-herb, or Loosestrife.

The cup is monophyllous, cylindraceous, ftriated
with twelve dents alternately iefs. The flower hath fix
oblong, obtufe, patent petals, placed with the ungvies in
the indentures of the cup. There are twelve flender
flamina the length of the cup, the upper ones being
fhorter than the lower ones, having fimple, affurgent an-
therse. The germen is oblong, the ilyle is fubulated
the length of the flamina, and declined with an orbicu-
lated aiTurgent fligma. The fruit is an oblong, point-
ed, covered, bilocular capfule, containing many fmall
feeds.

Obf. Linn. In fome fpecies one fixth part of the
flower is wanting.

Hyjfopifolia hath only fix flamina.

Salicaria, Purple fpiked Lcofeftrife^ or IVillow-herh^
with oppofite, coi*dato-lanceolatecl leaves, and the flow-
ers in a fpike v^/ith twelve flamina. In rivers and ditches,
a very common plant in the North. Per. July.

HyjJhpifGlia. Grafs-poly^ Small IJedge Hyjfop with alter-
nate linear leaves, and flowers that have only fix flamina.
Jn watery places, and where water has been in winter,
tut not very common. Hudson. An» Aug. Sep.

DJCTz

DODECANDRIA DIGYNIA TRIGYNIA, loi

V I G T N I A comprehends fuch as have two pijiils,

AGRIMONIA, Agrimony,

The cup is monophyUous, quinquifid, acute, fiuall,
placed upon the germen, remains till the fruit be ripe,
and guarded with another cup. The flower hath five
plain, emarginated petals, with narrow ungues placed
upon the cup, d he filaments are capillary, fhorter than
the corolla and inferred into the cup, having fmall didy-
mous, comprefled antherse. The germen is beneath the
I receptacle, having two fimple ftyles the length of the
ftamina, and obtufe iligmata. There is no feed vefTel,
but the cyp which is itraitned in the neck and indurate
ed, contains two roundifli feeds,

Obf. Linn. The number of the ftamina is very un-
certain, in fome twelve, feldom ten, in others feven.

AgrrmonicS T. The exterior cup joins to the interior.
The feeds are two and the ftamina from twelve to twen-
ty, and the fruit is furroynded with hairs.

Agrimonoidis T. The exterior cup is free from the
interior, has one feed and about feven ftamina.

£.upatoria> Agrimony with the ftalk-leaves pinnate
and hairy fruit. In hedges frequently. Per, June,

*TRIGTNIA comprehends fuch as have three piftils,

R E S E D Bastard Rocket,

The cup is monophyUous, with narrow, acute, ereft,
permanent fegments, of which two are more opening
I and ferve for one melliferous petal. The flower hath
fome unequal petals, and fome of them are always femi..
trifld, the upper one is gibbous at the bafe, melliferous
andthe length of the cup. The nedlarium is a plain, er^C'*,
glandule, produced from the receptacle, placed on its
upper fide between the ftamina and the upper pet:,l

102 DODEC ANDRI A TRIGYNIA.

and connivcnt with the br^fe of the petal, and dilated
from the fame fide. The hiaments are eleven, often
fifteen and fhort, with cbtufe, ered antherse the length
of the corolla. The germen is gibbous, ending in a few
very fnort ftyles that have limple lligmata. I'he fruit
is a gibbous, angulated capfule, acuminated, opening
among the ftyles and is unilocular, containing mai^y kid-
ney fhaped feeds that grow to the angles of the capfule.

Obf. Linn. Scarce any genus is more difficult to be
accurately determined than this, it fports in number
and figure in difi’erent fpecies. The effential charader
confifts in trihd petals, and one melliferous to the bale,
and the capfule never ftiut, but always open.

Luteola. The cup is Quadripartite, the petals are
three, the upper one is melliferous and half cut into fix
parts, the oppofite, lateral ones are trihd, there are added,
either by nature, or the fporting of nature, two very fmall,
entire, low ones, three ftyles and many ftamina.

■ The other variations regard not the engliili plants.

Lutea. Bafe Rocket with all the leaves trihd, the
lower ones pinnate. In helds, meadows, and paftures,
efpecially chalky. ' An- July,

Luteola. IVild Woad., Tellow-weed., or Dyer's JVeed.^
with lanceolated, entire leaves and quadrihd cups. On
walls and in barren uncultivated places. An, June,

V

EUPHORBIA, Spurge.

The cup is monophyllous, t'entricofe, coloured, di^
vided into four, fometimes into five, fegments at the
edge and remains till the fruit be ripe. The hower
confifts of four, fometimes of five, petals which are tur-
binated, gibbous, thick, truncated, and fituated irregu.*
larly, alternately with the fegments of the cup, and are
affixed by ungues to the margin of the cup, and remain
till the fruit be ripe. There are twelve, or more, {len-
der, articulated ftaniina, placed upon the receptacle, and
, longer

DODECANDRIA TRIGYNIA. ic^

longer than the corolla, appearing at different times with
didymous, roundifh antherse. Thegermen is three cor-
nered and roundifh, having three bifid ftyles and obnffe
ftigmata. The fruit is a roundifh, tricoccous, trilocu-
lar capfule opening elaflically and contains many loiita-
ry, roundifli feeds.

Obf. Euphorbhm If. &c. Hath an angulated or fiefhy
ftalk 'and the petals in fome trifid.

• Eithymahis. hath a leafy ftalk.

Eithymaloides, T.' hath a cup at the lower fide gibbous
and like a keel. In fo.me fpecies the mafculine flowers
, are firft. There are commonly four petals, in fome
j five, often on the fame plant there are flowers of a dif-
1 ferent fex, thefe are in many glandulous, in fome lunated
i or dentated, in a few flender like a membrane, and com-
I monly appear as tho’ they were placed at the outfide’of
I the cup. The capfule is fmooth, or rough, or verru-
cofe. The ftamina do not all break out at the lame
time.

Peplis. Small purpk Sea Spurge that is dichotomous
with entire, femicordate leaves and folitary flov'Crs from
the joints, and procumbent ftalks. On the fea fliore.

|i An. June, .

‘ . Such as have a trifid umbel,

\ Peplus, Petty Spurge which is dichotomous wdth a
■ trifid umbel, ovate involucelli, entire, obovate, petiolat-
ed leaves. An, July.

Exigua. Dwarf Spurge which is dichotomous with.,
a trifid umbel, and lanceolated, linear leaves. About
Shooters-hill'm Kent, Hudson. July,

Such as have a quinquijid umbel.

Heliofcopia, Sun Spurge., or Wart-wort., v/ith a quin-
quifid, dichotomous umbel, oval involucelli, and fer-
rated wedge-like leaves. An, July,

104 DODECANDRIA TRIGYNIA.

Segetalis. Corn Spurge with a quinquihd, dichoto--
mous umbel, involuceili cordate and acute, and the
leaves linear. An. July., Aug.

Portlandica. Portland Spurge v/ith a quinquihdj di-
chotomous umbel, the involuceili cordate, the leaves li-
jbeari-lanceolated partly obtiile, acuminated and reflex.
Per. Aug,

Paralias. Sea Spurge with an umbel fomewhat quin-
quifid and bifid, the involuceili cordato-kidney fhaped
and the leaves imbricated. Per. July., Aug.

Verrucofa. Rough fruited Spurge with a quinquifid,
dichotomous urnbei, the involuceili cordate, the leaves
lanceolate, lerrulated, hairy, and the capj'ules verrucofe.
Per. Aug,

Platyphyllos. Broad-leaved Spurge with a quinquifid^
dichotomous umbel, the involuceili pilofe in the keel,
the leaves ferrated, lanceolated, and ieflile. Per. July,

Such as have a multijid umbel,

Arnygdaloides. Wood Spurge with a multifid and di-
chotomous umbel, the involuceili perfoliated, and or-
bicular, and the leaves obtufe. Per, April.

Characias. Red Spurge with a multifid umbel, the
Jnvoluceili perfoliate, emarginated, and leaves entire and
a Ihrubby llalk. On the Paper-mill Pool-dam in Hey- .
wood Park, Staffordjhire. Dr. Plot. I found it in a
wood by the Oak of Honour not far from London,
fme.

Hyberna, Knotty-rooted Spuge with a dichotomous um-
bel divided inco fix parts, oval involuceili, entire leaves
no branches^ verrucofe capfuks. Per. July,

k

p 0 Lr,

DODECANDRIA PENTAGYNIA. 105

P OL T G T N I A comprehends [tick as have many pijlils,

SEMPERVIVUM. Houseleek.

The cup is divided from fix to twelve fegments that
are concave, acute and permanent. The flower confifls
of twelve oblong, lanceolated, acute, concave petals,
a little larger than the cup. There are twelve flender
filaments with roundifh antherae. There are twelve
germina placed orbicularly that are ere6t and ending
in as many patent flyles, that have acute lligmata.
There are twelve oblong, comprefled, fliort capfules
placed orbicularly, externally acuminated and opening
internally,, containing many roundifli fmall feeds.

Obf. Linn. The number is otten greater efpecially
in the feminine parts.

TeBorum, Houfeleek with ciliated leaves and patent
Ihoots. Per, July.

CLASS XIL

-io6 ICOSANDRIA POLYGYNIA,

. C L J S S XII. . ,

• •-■•A'---, - . j ' .

I ,C O S A N D R I A.

^msvdafs differs from the following. ' Firft\ In having a
. monophyllous concave cup, , Second., Fhe corolla is f aft ened
hy unguisjo the inner fide of the cup. Fhird., Fhe ftamina
> are more than nineteen and infer ted into the inmr fide of
the cup or corolla.

It is r^/Z^Jlcofandria, becaufe the number of ftamina in this
clafs is about twenty in the greateft part of the.genera., ne-
ver thelefs the number is not to be accounted' a fuffcient
^ char abler iftic., but rather the manner ofinfertion. The
plants have from one to five and more piftils^ denominated
\ as follow.

f/LO^Nf) G T N I A comprehends fuch as have but one pijiiU
of ''which we have none in nor any that have

fewer than five., hence.,

PENTAGTNIA which comprehends fuch as have
five piftils.

S P I R A. Dropwort.

The cup is monophyllous, femiquinquifid and plain
at the bafe, and remains till the fruit be ripe, hav-
ing acute fegments. The petals are five, placed upon
the cup, oblong-roundifli. The filaments are more
than twenty, thread-like, fhorter tlian the corolla and
inferred into the cup, having roundifli antheras. The
germina are five, often more, with as many flyles the
length of the ftamina, and headed liigmata. The cap-
fules are oblong, acuminated, comprefted with two valves,
containing a few pointed fmali feeds.

Obf. Linn. The Filipendula of T, hath many cap-
fules placed in an orb.

Uhnaria of T. hath many gontorted capfules*

Filip en-

ICOSANDRIA POLYGYNIA. 107

Filipendtila. Bropzvort with pinnate leaves, uniform,
ferrated lobes, an herbaceous IValk, and flowers growing
on (lender foot (talks at the- top. In Beetham Park be-
longing to the Earl of Derby ^ IVefi, In Arnftde Park plen-
tifully. In mountainous meadows and paftures. Per. July.

Ulmaria, Meadozv-fweet with pinnate leaves, the out-
er lobe larger, an herbaceous (talk, and flowers growing
in bunches on weak foot (talks. Per. June- — Aug.

POLTGTNIA comprehends fuck as have more than
five piftils,

FRAGARIA. Strawberry.

The cup is monophyllous, plain, lightly divided into
ten fegments, the external ones alternately narrower.
The flower hath five roundifh, patent petals inferred in-
to the cup. There are twenty fubulaced filaments,
(horter than the corolla and inferred into the cup, hav-
ing moon fhaped antherse. Thegermina are numerous,
very fmall and colle6ted into a head. The (tyles are
fimple and inferred into the fide of the gennen, and the
(tigmata are fimple. There is no feed veflel. The ber-
ry is a common receptacle of the feed and is rotundo-
ovate, pulpofe, foft, large, coloured, truncated at the
bale, and deciduous, containing many fmall, acuminated
feeds, fcattered upon the fuperficies of the receptacle.

Vefca. Strawberry with creeping tendrils. Per. /ipril
May.

Sterilis. Barren Strawberry with a decumbent, creep-
ing (lalk. Per. April. '

POTENTILLA. Cinquefoil.

The cup is monophyllous, plainifh, divided lightly
into ten fegments that are reflex and alternately lefs.
The five petals are roundifli, patent and inferted into the

P 2 cup

168 ICOSANDRIA POLYGYNIA.

cup by ungues. The twenty filaments are fubulated,
fliorter than the corolla, and inferred into the cup having
elono-ato-lunulated ‘antherae. The germina are nume-
rous, very fmall and colledted into a head. The flyles
are fmall, the length of the (lamina and inferred into the
fide of the germen, with obtufe fligmata. There is no
feed veflel, the common receptacle of the feed is round-
ifh, hardifh, very fmall, remains till the fruit be ripe,
covered with feeds and included in the cup, containing
many acuminated feeds.

Obf. Take one tenth part away in every part of
fru6lification and you will have Tormentil.

Fruticofa, Shrub Cinquefoil with pinnate leaves and a
flirubby flalk. Mr Lawson ©blerved thoufands of
thefe plants by Mickle-force^ in J'eefdale. June.

Argentina. Silver IVeedy IVild Fanfey^ with pinnated,
ferrated leaves and a creeping ftalk. Per. June^ July.

Rupejlris. Upright Baftard Cinquefoil with alternate,
winged leaves, having five oval, crenated lobes and an
cre6t flalk. Per. July.

Such as have five leaves.

Argent ea. ’Torment il Cinquefoil with five wedge-fhaped
lobes to the leaves that are woolly on the under fide, and
an ere£l flalk. ^ Per. June.

Opaca. Small Rough Cinquefoil with leaves by fives
fhaped like wedges and ferrated, placed nearly oppofite
and the branches (lender and decumbent. Per. June.

Verna. Spring Cinquefoil with radical leaves having
five lobes acutely ferrated and blunt at the end. Per.
JVlay^ June.

Repians. Common Cinquefoil^ or Five leaved Grafsy with
digkated leaves, a creeping flalk, and peduncles with
fmgie flowers. Per. June.

Alba. JVhite Cinquefoil with leaves that have five
lobes lerrated at the points, flender, procumbent ftalks,
and rough receptacles. Per. Aug.

T O R M E N-

ICOSANDRIA POLYGYNIA. 109

TORMENTILLA. Tormentil.

The cup is monophyllous, plain, lightly cut into eight
fecnnents, alternately Ids and acute. The four petals are
obcordate, plain, patent, inferred into the cup by means
of ungues. There are fixteen fubulated filaments fhort-
er by half than the corolla, inferred into the cup, with
fimple antherae. There are eight imall germina, conni-
ventinto afmali head with fiender ftyles the length of
the itamina, inferred into the fides of the germina, having
obtule ftigmata. The receptacle of the feed is very
fmall and loaded therewith, being included in a cup,
eight in number, oblong and obtulely acuminated.

Obf. Tormentilla only differs from the Fotentilla in the
number, both may therefore juftly be efteemed one
genus.

EreBa. ^ ormentil^ or Septfoil^ with an ered ftalk and
fefllle leaves. Per, June.

Reptans. Creeping Pormentil with a creeping ftalk,
and leaves on foot ftalk s. Per. July.

GEUM. Avens, or Herb Bennet.

The cup is monophyllous, lightly cut into ten fcg-
ments that are alternately very fmall and acute. The
flower confifts of five roundifti petals, being inferred by
ungues (that are narrow and the length of the cup) into
the cup. The filaments are numerous, fubulated and
the length of the cup into which they are inferred, hav-
ing fliort, broadifti, obtufe antherae. The germina are
numerous andcolleded into a little head, and the ftyies
which are hairy and long are inferred into the fide of the
germen. The common receptacle of the feed is oblong,
rough and placed upon a reftex cup, containing numer-
ous, compreffed, hifpid feeds with the ftyle which is
bent like a knee adhering to them.

Urbanum. Common Avens or Herb-hennet.^ with ered
flowers, globofe fruit, with naked, hooked ears, and
leaves with three lobes. Per. June — Aug.

Rivale.

no POLYANDRIA MONOGYNIA,

Rivale, JValer Avens with nodding flowers, oblong
fruit, and plumofe ears. In the northern mountains,
about Settle^ Ingleton^ &:c. R. Sy, Per, July,

D R Y A S.

The cup is monophyllous, cut into eight, often five
patent, linear, obtufe, equal fegments, a little fliorter
than the corolla. The flower hath eight, often five,
oblong, emarginated, patent petals, inferted into the cup.
The filaments are numerous, capillary, fliort and inferted
into the cup, having fmall antherse. The germina are
many and fmall, the flyles flender, inferted into the fide
of the germcn, having Ample ftigmata. There is no
feed vefiel, but there are many roundilh, compreflTed
leeds with long, woolly ftyles.

Pentapetala, Cinquefoil Avens with Ave petals and
pinnate leaves.

OP.opctala, Mountain Avens with eight petals, and
Ample leaves. In moft of the woods in the north.
Ju7ie — Aug.

COMARUM. Purple Marsh Cinquefoil.

The cup is monophyllous, very large, patent, colour-
ed, lightly cut into ten fegments alternately lefs, and re-
mains till the fruit be ripe. The flower hath Ave ob-
long, acuminated petals, three times lefs than the cup
into which they are inferted. Ther5 are twenty fubu-
lated Alaments inferted into the cup the length of the
corolla, and remain till the fruit be ripe, having moon-
Ihaped, deciduous antherae. The germina are nume-
rous, roundilh, very fmall and colledled into a head, the
llyles are Ample and proceed out of the fide of the ger-
men, having Ample ftigmata. There is no feed veflel,
the common receptacle of the feed is fcrotiform, flefhy,
very large and remains till the fruit be ripe, containing
many acuminated feeds covering the receptacle.

Palujire. Comartmy or Purple Mar/h Cinquefoil, June,

CLASS^WC

FOLYANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

C L A S S XIII.

POLYANDRIA.

ne plants of this clafs have hermaphrodite flowers^ and
a large number of fta^nina^ or male parts in each^ that aU
ways exceed the number of twelve^ and grow on the recep*
tacle of the future feeds » The genera are further dijiinguijh-
ed into MONOGTNIA, DIGTNIA, &c.

MONOGTNIA comprehends fuch as have but one pifiiL

ACT^A. Herb Christopher, or Bane-berries'.

The cup hath four roundifh, obtufe, concave, ca-
ducous leaves, and the flower hath four petals,
acuminated at each end, larger than the cup and .cadu-
cous. There are many filaments (commonly thirty) that
are flender, and broadefl: at the fummits. The antherae
are roundifh,’ didymous and eredl. The germen is o-
vate, without any ftyle. The fligma is thickifh and
obliquely deprefled. The fruit is a fmooth berry of
an ovali-globofe figure, containing one cell and marked
with a furrow, having many femicircular feeds, inter-
nally truncated and arranged in a double feries.

Spicata, Herb Chriftopher with ovate clullers, and
the fruit in berries. About Malham-cove and in a little
wood near Clapham in Torkjh. Ptr. April~June. \

CHELIDONIU M. Celandine.

The cup confifls of two roundifl-i, fubovate, con-
cave, obtufe, caducous leaves. The flower hath four
roundifh, plain, patent, large petals, narrower :it the
bafe. The filaments are thirty in number, plain, broad.-
er at the tops and fhorter than the corolla, having ob-
long, comprefTed, obtufe, ereifl:, didymous antherae.
The germen is cylindraceous, the length of the flamina

without

JI2 POLYANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

without any ftyle. The ftigma is headed and bifid.
The fruit is a cylindraceous pod with two valves, con-
taihing many ovate and fmooth feeds. The receptacle
is linear, between the two valves, in form of a future,
and not opening.

Majtis. Celandine with umbellated foot-flalks. Per.
May^ June.

Glaucium. Telhw horned Poppy with foot-ftalks that
have fingle flowers, and finuated leaves xthat embrace a
fmooth ilalk. On the fea fhore. I found it near IVarton
lane.end, ham. And zx Lcngguard fort nQ,2ir Harwich in
EJfex. An. July., Aug.

Hyhridum. Violet coloured horned Poppy with foot-
flalks that have but one flower, pinnatifid, linear leaves,
and a fmooth ftalk. Betwixt Swaffham and Burwel in
Camb. An. Aug. '

P A P A V E R. Poppy.

The cup confifls of two oval, emarginatcd, concave,
obtufe, caducous leaves. The flower hath four round-
iih, plain, patent and large petals, narrow at the bale
arid alternately lefs. The filaments are numerous, fen-
der and much fhorter than the corolla, having oblong,
comprefTed, eredt, obtufe anther^e. The germen is
roundifli and large, without any fliyle. The ftigma is
peltated, plain and radiated. The fruit is a capful'e
crowned with a plain large ftigma, opening writh feveral
forariiina under it-, the feeds are numerous and very
fmall, the receptacles are longitudinal plaits of the fame
number with the rays of the ftigmata, grov/ing to the
fides of the fruit or capfule.

Hyhridum. Round rough headed Poppy with globular,
furrov/ed prickly capfules, and a leafy ftalk, bearing
many flowers. An. June., July.

Argemone. Long rough headed Peppy with club-lhaped,
prickly capfules, and a leafy ftalk bearing many flowers.
An. June* Such

POLYANDRIA MONOGYNIA 113

Such as have fmooth capfulcs,

Rheeas, Corn Poppy with fmooth, globular capfulcs,
a hairy italk having many flowers, and pinnatifid cue
leaves. An. June., July.

Riihiwm. Long fmooth headed Poppy with oblong,
fmooth capfules, a ilaik with many fiowers, pinnatifld cut
leaves. In the fields about Stcckwell near London. An,
June.

'Camhrictm. Tellow Poppy Wiih oblong fmooth heads,
a fmooth ftaik bearing many flowers, and cut wmged
leaves. Per. June — Aug.

Somniferum. Wild Poppy with fmooth cups f nd cap-
fuLs, and cut leaves that embrace the Hulks. An, July,

N Y M P H A. Water Lily.

The cup is large, tetraphyllous, coloured, and re-
mains till the fruit be ripe. The petals are numerous,
often fifteen, placed upon the fide of the germien in more
than a Angle feries. The filaments are numerous, often
feventy, plain, bended, obtufe, and fliort, having long
anthers growing to the Ades of the filaments, "['he
germen is ovate and large, without any ilyie, the fllgma
is orbicular, plain and target fhaped, marked with rays,
crenated in the edge, and remains till the fruit be ripe.
The fruit is a hard, ovate, flefliy berry, with a narrow
neck crowned at the top, and divided into ten or fifteen
cells full of pulp, having many round’fh feeds.

Nymphdea. Lutea., or Tellovo Water Lily., hath a pen-
taphylious cup, roundifli leaves, fmall petals, and by
thefe it differs from the reft.

Lutea. Tellozv Water Lily with a large pentaphylloiis
cup. In Handing waters between Rotherhithe and Dept-
ford. About Hairs Water within the liberties of Tcaland
Redman., Lan. Aug. ^

Alba. White Water Lily with entfte, cordate leaves,
and a quadrifid cup. About Hairs Water, July. .

CL CIS-

1I4P0LYANDR1A MONOYGYNlA.,

, C I S T U S.

The cup is pentaphyllous and remains till the fruit be
ripe, the leaves thereof are roundifh and concave two of
which are alternately fmaller and placed lower than the
red. The flower coniids of five roundifli, plain, parent,
large petals. The filaments are numerous, capillary and
fliorter than the corolla, having roundifh, fmall anther^e.
The germen is roundifh, the dyle is fimple and the
length of the damina, and the ftigma is plain and orbi-
cular. The fruit is a roundifh capfule, covered with a
cup, containing many roundiih, fmall feeds.

Obf. TheefTential charader confids in the two leaves
of the cup being alternately lefs.

Hclianthemum T. hath an unilocular capfule, and three
valves.

Ciftus ^'urn. hath five or ten capfules.

Guttatus. Annual Cijius which is herbaceous and
without dipula;, the leaves are oppofite with three nerves,
and the branches without a floral leaf. June.

JJndsr-Shruhhy Ctflus with Jlipul^.

Helianthemum. Dwarf Ciftus^ or Little Sun Flower^
which is procumbent and fhrubby, the dipulse are lan-
ceolated, the leaves are oblong, turned back and hairy.
The fird. variety has larger leaves and a white flower,
the fecond variety has a broader leaf and a rofy flower.
On Yealand Common plentifully, Lan, June — Aug.

Surreianus. Narrow-leaved Cijius which is fhrubby,
procumbent and has dipul^, the leaves are ovato-oblong
and hairy, and the petals are lanceolated. About Croy-
don. Dr. Du Bois. Per. June.

Polifolius. Mountain Dwarf Cijius which is fhrubby,
procumbent and hath dipul^, with oblongo-ovate,
hoary leaves, fmooth cups and ferrated petals. Upon
B r ent - downs Sornerfetfh. nt:xvthQ Severn Sea. Dr. Pluke-
MT. Per. J.iine.

Xjnder^

POLYANDRIA TRIGYNIA PENTAGYNIA. 115

Under -Shrubby Gift us without Jiipul^.

HirfutiiS. Hoary Dwarf Cijiiis which is fhrubby, pro-
cumbent and without ftipulac, the leaves are oppofite,
oblong, turned back, hairy and the flowers in branches.
About KendaL at Buckh arrow Bank Scar betwixt Briz-
fteer and Cunfwick\ alfoon the rocks about Cartmel-wells
in Lan, oblerved by Mr. Fitz Roberts. Per, June,

TRIG TNI A comprehends fuch as have three pifiils,
DELPHINIU M. Larkspur.

The flower is compofed of five unequal petals placed
orbicularly, of thefe the upper one is anteriorly more ob-
tufe than the others and extended behind into a tubula-
ted horn which is flraight, long, and obtufe, the others
are of an oval, fpear-fliaped figure, patent and nearly
equal. The nedarium is bihd, and is placed in the
center of the petals on the upper part, behind it is pro-
tended outwards and is inclofed in the tube of the corol-
la. The filaments are numerous (fifteen or thirty) fu-
bulated, broader at the bafe, fmall, and inclined towards
the upper petal, having erefl, fmall anthers. Thefe are
three or one ftamen which is oval, ending in a flyle the
length of the flamina having fimple refiexed fliginata.
The capfules are ovato-fubulated, ftrait, with one valve
opening internally, and are of the fame number as the
germina and contain many angulated feeds.

Confolida. Larkfpur with monophyllous nedaria, a
fubdivided flalk, and three piftils. An, June,

P ENTAGTNIA comprehends fuch as have five pijiils.

A Q^U I L E G I A. Columbines.

The flower hath five lanceolato-ovate, plain, patent,
equal petals. There are five equal neftaria that ftand
alternately with the petals •, they are horned and grow
gradually wider at their upper part, the mouth is obli-
que, afeending, and internally affixed to the receptacle

1x6 POLYANDRIA HEXAGYNIA.

in the lower part, beneath forming a long attenuated
tube with an obtuie apex. The hlaments are numerGUfi
from thircy to forty ana fubuiated, the exterior ones
fliorcer. The anchcrai are oblong, ere6t and the height
ot the ne6laria. There are hvt o.ato-oblong germina
ending in fubuiated ityles longer than the ftamina hav-
ing eredt, li'mple iligmata. There are ten rugofe, fhort
awns diilinguiiliing the germina and furrounding them.
I'nere arc h/e cyLadraceous, parallel, (trait, acuminated
capfules, conrifiing of one valve o^ ening from the top
inwards, containing many ovate, keel-fdaped leeds ad-
hering to the future.

Vulgaris. Common Cclumhmes with crooked ne6taria.
'Fer. June.

Alpina. Mountain Columbines with ftraight nedtaria,
fh'jrter than die petals, which are Ipear-lhaped. Pc7\
June.

UEXAGTNIA comprehends fuck as have f.xpiftils,

STRATIOTES. Water Aloe.

It has one d-'^wer inclofed in a compreffed, obtufe,
connivent (heath, carinated on both Tides, and remams
till the fruit be ripe. The cup is monophylicus, tri-
partite,'eredt, and deciduous. There are three heart-
fhaped, eredto-patent petals, twice as large as the cup.
The ftamina are twenty in number the length of the cup,
inferted into the receptacle, having fimple anther^.
The germen is ueneath the receptacle having fix bipar-
t'te ftyles the length of the ftamina and hmple ftigrnata.
The fruit is an oval capfuie, narrowed cn every ftde,
ha - ing fix angles and fix cells, filled with oblong, incur-
ved, and CO umonly winged feeds.

Aloide^. IVatcr Aloe with fword-like, triangular, cili-
ato-acuieated leaves. Fer. June.

/

‘ P 0 L T-

POLYANDRIA POLYGYNIA. 117

POLI'GTNIA comprehends fuch as have more than
Jix pijttls,

ANEMONE.

' The flower hath no cup, but it confifls of two or
three orders of leaves or petals which are oblong and
difpofed in three feries over each other. The filaments
are numerous, capillary, ihorter by half than the corolla,
and have didymous, eredt anthers. The germina are
numerous and colkdled into a head, with acuminated
fliyles and obaife fbigmata. The receptacle is glcbofc
or oblong, ex(pavato-pundtated, containing many acumi-
nated feeds adhering to the fiiyle.

.Obf. Hepatka D. hath atriphyllous cup.

Pulfatilla T- hath a faliaceous involucrum and feeds
that are tally and piiofe. '

Anemonoi 'des D, and Hepatka D. have naked feeds and
a plumofe tail.

Nemoroja, Cemmen Wood Anemone with acute feeds,
cut leaves, and a Angle flower on each ftem. Per. ApriL

Apennina. Mountain Wood Anemone with acute iecds,
cut leaves, and ianceoiated, numerous petals. Found in
woods. In Wimbletcn woods, Mr. Rand; near Harrow
m the Hill., Mr. Dubois; in a wood near Lutton-hooy
Bedfordjh. Mr. T. Kowlton. R. Sy. Per Aprils May.

Puljatilla. Pafque fiower with ftraight petals and bi-
pinnate leaves. On Gogmagog- hills. Bcrnock-heath near
'^Stamford, Near Pontefratk Dr. Richardson. Per*
ApriL

CLEMATIS. TRAVELiBR^s-Joy.

The flower confifls of four lax, oblong petals. There
are many fubulated filaments, Ihorter than the corolla
with antherse growing to the fide of the filaments. The
germina are numerous, roundifli, comprefled, and end-

tiS POLYANDRIA POLYGYNIA.

ing in fubulated ftyles that are longer than the ftamina,
having fimple ftigmata. The receptacle is headed and
fmall, the feeds are numerous, roundifli, comprefTed
with the ftyle adhering to them.

Obf. Clematis of T*. hath lanceolated petals and feeds
very long with hair.

Vi t alba. Great Wild Climber,, or ^’ravelleVs-Jcy,, with
pinnate leaves, and the fmall leaves cordate and climbing.
Tiiis I found near Uxbridge,, in the County of Middlefex^
plentifully, July, Aug,

THALICTRUM. Meadow Rue.

The corolla confiils of four roundiih, obtufe, con-
cave, caducous petals. The filaments are numerous
and broadeft towards the fummits, flat and longer than
the corolla, having oblong, erecfl; anthers. The ftyles
are many and very ihort. The germina are numerous
and roundifli, having thickifh ftigmata. The feeds nu-
merous, fulcated, ovate, and without a beard.

The number of ftamina and piftils is different in dif-
ferent plants. J

Flavum, Meadow Rue with a leafy, fulcated ftalk,
and an ered, multiplex panicle. About Batterfea, Per,
June,

Minus, P'he LeJer Meadozv Rue with fexpartite leaves
and cernuous flowers. In moift mountainous paftures.
On the chalky grounds about Newmarket, Linton, and
elfewhere in Camb, Hudson. Found alfo in Torkjh,
Wejl, and Cumb, Per, July, Aug,

Alpinum, Mountain Meadow Rue with a fimple, al-
moft naked ftalk, terminated by a Angle bunch of flow-
ers. Per, June,

ADONIS. Adonis Flower, Pheasant’s Eye,

The cup confifts of five leaves that are obtufe, con-
clave, fomewhat coloured, and deciduous. The corolla

hath

POLYANDRIA POLYGYNIA, ng

hath from five to fifteen oblong, obtufe and fmooth pe-
tals. The filaments are many, very fliort and fubulated
having oblong, inflex antherae. The germina are nu-
merous and collected into a head, - and- the; ftigmata are
acute and reflex. The receptacle is oblong. The feeds
are numerous, irregular, angulated, gif)bous at the bafe,
reflex at the apices, a little prominent, .and without a
beard.

Annua, Adonis Flower whofe flower hath eight petals,
and fruit of a cylindrical form. In the clofes betwixt
Stonechurch and Slueenhithe. At ' Chatham: Alfo neai:
t)ownham-bridge in F(orfolk, An, June^ July.

>RANUNCULUS. Crowfoot.

' The cup confifls of five obtufe, concave, coloured,
deciduous leaves. The corolla hath five obtufe, fmooth
petals with fmall ungues. The nedtarium is a cavity in
each petal, above the ungues. The filaments are many,
fhorter by half than the corolla, the antherae are ered,
oblong, obtufe and didymous. The germina are nume-
rous and colledfed into a head, having reflex and fniall
ftigmata without any ftyles; the receptacle connects the
feed by means of very fmall peduncles and, the feeds are
very many, irregular, uncertain in their fhape, and reflex
at the apices.

Obf.' Linn. The eflfential character confifts in the
nectarium, the other parts of frudtification being always
uncertain, hence confufion without a knowledge of the
nedtarium. '

Ficaria hath a triphyllous cup and many"^ petals, Ang.
Celendine.

Such as have Jimple leaves.

i: Lingua. Great Spearwort W\t\\ lanceolated leaves and
I an erect ftalk. Between Rcihcrhithe and Deptford plen-
Itifully. Fer, May.

Flammtdai,

120 POLYANDRIA POLYGYNIA.

Flammula, Lejfer Spearwort with ovato-lanceolatedy
petiolatecl leaves and a bended ftalk. In the Marl-pits
near Burton^ Weft, Per. 'June — Sep.

Such as have jagged and divided leaves.

Repeals, Creeping Crowfoot.^ or Butter Cups with patu-
lent cups, fulcated peduncles, creeping and compound
leaves. Per, 'Alay'.

Bulhofus. Bulhoje Crowfoot., or Butter Cups v/ith cups
bended back, fulcated peduncles, ^ an erect ftalk and
compound leaves." ‘Per, "May, ‘ "

Arris. ‘ 'Upright Meadow Crowfoot with patulent cups,
round peduncles, and leaves tripartico-multifid, and
thofe on the top linear. ^ Per. June, July.

Auricomus. Sweet Wood Crowfoot’, or Goldilocks with
the radical leaves kidney- fhaped, erenated and cut, thofe
on the ftalk digitated and linear and many flowers on the
ftalk. Per. April, May, . ‘ ' ,

^celeratus. Round leaved V/aAer Crowfoot with the
lower leaves palmated, the top digitated, and oblong
fruit. An. May, June,

Parvifiorus, A mall flovjered Crowfoot with muricated
feeds, fimple, laciniate’d, acute, rough leaves, and a
difFufe ftalk. An. May, , . '

Arvenfts, Corn Crewfoop with aculeated feed, the up-
per leaves decompounded and linear. An. June.

Hederaceus, Ivy -leaved Water Crowfoot with round-
ifh, three lobed, entire leaves, and a creeping ftalk.
Per. May.

Aqiiatilis, Various leaved Water Crowfoot with thofe
leaves that are under tlie water capillary, and thole that
fwim peltated. Per. npy'il. May, june.

The three other Crowfoots with capillaceous leaves
mentioned by Authors Linn^^ius calls only varieties.

T R O L L 1 U S. Globe-plow£R, or Locker
Gowlands.

The flower confifts of about fourteen almoft oval,'"
deciduous petals, three in the three ejiurior orders, and

five

jPOLYANDRIA POLYGYNIA. 121

five in the innermoft* therd are nine riedlaria that are
narrow., plain, incurved and perforated at the bafe. The
filaments are numerous, fetaceous and fliofter than the
corolla, having eredt antheras. The germina are nume-
rouSj fitting clofe like a column having no ftyles, but
mucronated fligmata, fliorter than the flamina. The
capfules are numerous, oval, colledbed into a head with
a recurved point, containing one feed;

Europaus, Globe flower or Locker Gowlons with con-
nivent flowers and nedtaria the length of the ftamina.
May^ June.

HELLEBORUSi Black HELLEBOkE.

The flower confifts of five large, roundifli, obtufe pe-
tals. The nedtaria are numerous, very fhort, placed or-
bicularly, monophyllous, tubulated and narrow at the
bottom-, the mouth is bilabiated, eredf, and emarginated.
The filaments are numerous and fubulated-, the anthe-
rse are comprefled, narrower below and eredt. The ger-
mina about fix in number, are comprefled, the ftyles fu-
bulated and the ftigmata thickifh. The capfules are
compreflTed having two keels, the lower one fliorter and
the upper convex and opening, having many roundifli
feeds fixed to the future.

Fcetidus, Great Baftard black Helebore^ Bearsfoot^ or
Setterwort with many flowers on a leafy ftalk, and leaves
on a footftalk. Per. March.

Viridis. JVild black Plellebore with many flowers on a
leafy ftalk and digitated leaves. This by the common
people in the north is called Felon-Grafs\ it is found in
many woods in the north. About height on-hall^ Tea--
land., Fan. plentifully, Clathrop-hall., Weft. April.^ May.

CALTEIA. Marsh Marigold.

The flower confifts of five ovate, plain, patent, deci-
dviOLis, large petals the ftamina are numerous, flender and
Ihorter than the corolla, with compre&d, obtufe, eredt

R antherte.

Ill P.OL YANDRIA PpLYG YNI a;

antheras. The germina are in number from five to ten,
oblong, comprefied, and eredt having no ftyles but fim*
pie ftigmata. The capfules are the fame in number as
the germina and are Ihort, acuminated, patent, doubly
keeled, and opening in the upper feam, containing many
roundifh feeds fixed to the upper feam.

Paltfjlris, Marfli Marigold, In marfliy wet meadov;s
plentifully. Per, Aprils May.

FI C ARIA. PiLEWORT or Celendine,

The cup confifls of three leaves which are ovate, con-
cave, and deciduous. , The flower, has about eight
fmooth, lanceolated petals. The nectarium is a cell in
every petal above the unguis and covered with an emar-
ginated fcale. The filaments are numerous and very
Ihort'having ftraight, oblong, didymous antherai. The
germina are numerous and colledted into a head without
any ftyle.^ Thefliigmata are reflex and very fmall. The
receptacle joins the feed' together with very fmall pedun-
cles and the feeds are numerous and oblong with a reflex
apex, •

Pilewort or Celendine of which we have but one fpecies^
Per, March^ Aprils May.

DIDYNAMIA GYMNOS PEHMIA. 123
C L A 'S S XIV.

DIDYNAMIA.

The ejfentiat chara5lerijlic of this clafs that there are
four fuhulated jlamina infer ted into the tube of the corolla^
two whereof are fliorter than the others^ and 'placed to-
gether', the anther je being commonly hid under the upper
tip of the flower and connivent in pairs. It has its name
from the two longer ftamina being fuppofed more ejflcacious
in fecundating the feeds than the refi \ and as the genera
belonging to it are very numerous they have been divided
into two ferics or orders under the name of Gyninofptr-
mia Angiofpermia, 'the latter havings ayid the for-
mer wanting., a pericarpiutfi., or feed vefj 'ef and flrfl of the

G Y M N O S P E R M 1 A.

/

A J U G A. Bugle.

HE cup is monophyllous, fhort, fern iquinqui fid
nearly equal, and remains till the fruit be ripe. The

Rower is monopetaious and ringent, the tube is cylindra-
ceous and incurved, the upper lip is very fijiall, ered,
bifid, and obtiife, the middle fegment is iargeft and ob-
cordate, the lateral fegments are fmall. There are four
fubulated ered filaments longer than the upper lip, ot
which, two are ihorter than the other two, ana the anthe-
rse are didymous. The germen is quadripartite, the
flyle is thread-like the length of the itamina, the two Rig-
mata are Render and one Ihorter than the other. The cup
is connivent and contains fourlongifh feeds.

Reptans. Bugle with creeping Ihoots that put out fi«
bres or roots. Per. May.

Pyramidalis. Mountain Bugle., or Skkkwcrt, with a
fquare pyramidal fpike. Per* June*,

R 2

TEU.

124 DIDYNAMIA GYMNOSPERMIA

T E U C R I U M. .Tree-Germander.

The cup is monophyllous, femiquinquifid, acute,
n^rly equal and gibbous at the bafe, and remains till
the fruit be ripe. The flower is monopetalous and ring-
ent, the tube is cylindraceous, .fliort, and ending in a
crooked faux, the upper lip is ered, acute, and divided
into two fegments to the bafe which (land off at the lides.
The lower hp is patent and trifid, the fide fegments are
of the lame figure as the upper lip and fomewhat eredt;
the middle being largefl and roundifh. The filaments
are four, Tubulated, longer than the upper lip of the
corolla, prqrfiinent between the fegments, and terminat-
ed by fmall antherae. The germen is quadripartite, the
’ftyle is fmall or (lender, the height of the ffamina, crown-
ed by two flender ftigmata. .,^ The cup is the feed veffel
and contains four roundifh feeds in the bottom.

Obf. Linn. Theupper lip divided beyond the bafe,
leaves the corolla without any upper lip.

"Teucrmn T, The cup is campanulated and the feg-
ment of thecprollaof the lower lip is concave.

Folium T. The flowers are colkdled into a hea^ that
term in ate ’the branches.

Chamadrys The flowers arife from the wings of
-the leaves and the cup is tubulated.

/: Marum^ Boerh, The leaves are like Mother of Fhyme^
-and the fm.ell fharp.

Scordii T. Rat has a garlick fmell.

Ra DHL The cup beneath is very gibbous.

Scorodonia hath a Angle bifid fliigma.

Scordium. IVater Germander with oblong, dentato-
ferrated leaves fitting clofe to the branches, and flowers
growing by pairs at the wings of the ftalk which is dif-
fufe. Fer. Jug.

Cham^drys. Germander^ with oval leaves on foot-
flialks, crenated and cut-, and flow^ers growing almoft in
whorls by threes, and procumbent ftalks. On the ruins
©f Winchelfea Cajile, R. Sy. Fer. May\ June.

Char

DIDYNAMIA GYMNOSPERMI A 125

Chamtepitys, Ground-pine with' linear, triiid, entire
leaves, and flowers fitting clofe, fingly on the Tides and
a diffufe flialk. Per, June,, July,

Scorodonia, Wood Sage with heart-fhaped, ferrated
leaves having foot-ftalks, many bunches of flowers hang-
ing on one fide and an upright fcalk. This' fpecies hath-
a Angle bifld ftigma, and found commonly among lime-
ftone rocks, in woods and thickets. Per, June,, July.

N E P E T A. Nap or Cat-mint.

The cup is monophyllous, tubulated, cylindraceous,^
and the mouth is qiiinquifid, acute, and ered; the upper
dents are longer than the lower ones and more patulent.
The flower is monopetalous and ringent, the tube is
cylindraceous and incurved •, the limb is opening, the
faux is patent, cordate, and ending in two reflex, obtufe,
and very fhort fegments. I'he upper lip is ereft, round-
ifli, and emarginared : The lower lip is roundilli, con-
cave, large, entire; 'and c'renulated. The four filaiTicnts
are fubulkted, placed under the upper lip, and approxi-
mate, of which two are Ihorter than the reft, all having
incumbent antheras. The germen is quadrifld, the ftyle
(lender, the length of the ftamina, the ftrgma is bifid and
acute. The cup is ftraight and contains four fubovats
feeds in the bottom.

Obf. Linn. If you reckon the fegments of the
faux in the lower lip it will be tripartite.

Cataria, Nap, or Cat-mint, with fpiked flowers whole
whorls haye very fhort foot-ftalks, and heart-lhaj ed
leaves growing on foot-ftalks, which are indented like the
teeth of a faw. Per, July,

MENTHA. Mint.

The cup is mo^nophyilous, tubulated, erecft, qiiin-
quedentated equal, and remains till die fruit be ripe.
"Idle flower is monopetalous, the petal is eredt and tubu-
lated and fomewhat longer than the cup. The limb is

quan

126 DIDYNAMIA G YMNOSPERxMl A

quadripartite, nearly equal, the upper fegment is broad-
er and emarginated. The four filaments are fubulated,
credl, and ftand off each other, of v/hich the two ncareif
arelongeft, all crowned with ronndifh antherse. The
germen Ls quadrifid, the fbyle is (lender, ered, and
longer than the corolla, having a bifid, parent lligma.
The cup is ereft and contains four fin all feeds in the
bottom.

Sficata, ear-mint with folitary fpikes, lanceolated,
ferrated, fefille leaves. On the banks of rivers. Ver,
Aug.

LongifoUa, Long leaved Hcrfe-mint with flowers thick
fet on a fpike, oblong, ferrated, tomentofc, fefiile leaves.
Per. Aug.

Rotundifolia. Round leaved Hcrfe-mint with flowers
growing in a fpike, and round, crenated, rugofe, fefiile
leaves. Per. Aug.

Piperita. Pepper-mint with flowers growing in heads
and lanceolated, ferrated leaves. Per. Aug.

Gentllis. Red-mint with flowers growing in whorls,
ovate, acute, ferrated leaves, and (lamina (liorter than the
corolla. Per. Aug.

Verticillata. Curled-mint with verticlllate flowers, pi-
lofe peduncles, ovate, ferrated leaves, and (lamina longer
than the corolla. In Peckham Fields. Per. Aug.

Arvenfis. Corn-mint with verdcilfate flowers, ovate,
acute, ferrated leaves, and (lamina even with the corolla,
Per. Aug. Sep.

Euigua. Smooth-mint with verticillate flowers, lance-
olato-ovate, fmooth, acute, entire leaves. In the hop-
ground at Pocking., Mr. Dale, by the fide of tlie Nezv-
river near the upper end of Stoke Newington^ Mr. Bud-
DLE, Per. Aug.

Aquatica. Water-mint with flowers growing in heads,
ovate, ferrated leaves on foot-flalks, and (lamina longer
than the corolla. Per. July.

Hirfuta. Round-headed-jnint with ovate, ferrated leaves,
snd (lamina (horter than the corolla. Per* Aug.

Pul-

DIDYNAMIA GYMNOSPERMIA. tif

Pulegium. Pennyroyal with verticillate flowers, ovate,
obtuL* leaves, fomewhat crenated, and repent, roundifli
ftaiks. Per, Aug, ^ep^

G L E C O M A. Ground Ivy

The cup is monophyllous, tubulated, cylindraceous,
flriated, very fmall, and permanent, the mouth is quin-
quedentated, acuminated, and unequal. The flower is
monopetaious and ringent, the tube is flender and com-
prefled, the upper lip is eredb, obtufe, and lemibifidi the
lower lip is patent, large, obtufe, and trifid, the middle
fegment is largeft and emarginated. There are four
filaments under the upper lip, two of which are fliorter
than the reft; the antherae are connivent in the form of
a crofs. The germen is quadrifid, the ftyle flender and
bended under the upper lip. The ftigmais bifid and a-
cute. The cup contains four ovate feeds in the bottom.

Hederacea, Ground Ivy with kidney-fhaped, crenated
leaves. Per, May,

Arvenfts, Upright Ground Ivy with cordate, oblong,
crenated leaves, and a prickly, upright ftalk. An, Aug,

L A M I U M. Archangel.

The cup is monophyllous, tubulated, more patent
towards the top, dentated, ariftated, nearly equal, and
I remains till the fruit be ripe. The flower is monopeta-
ious and ringent, the tube is cylindraceous and very
fhort. The limb opens, the faux is fwelled, comprefled,
gibbous, the margin is marked with a reflex denticle.
The upper lip is arched, roundifli, obtufe, and entire:
The lov/er lip is fliorter, obcordate, emarginated, and
reflex. There are four fubulated filaments concealed
under the upper lip, of which two are longer than the
reft. The anthers are oblong and rough. The ger-
nien is quadrifid, the ftyle is flender and the length of
the ftamina. The ftigma is bifid and acute. The cup
is open and contains four fhort triquetrous feeds, convex
on one fide, and truncated on both.

Album,

128 DIDYNAMIA GYMNOSPERMIA

Alhum. White dead Nettle^ or Archangel^ with cor-
date, acuminated, ferrated leaves on foot-ftalks. Pen
^^d.ay •

Rubrum, Red Archangel v/ith cordate, obtufe leaves
on foot-ftalks. An, May, '

Amplexicaule, Great Henbit with the flower leaves fef-
nie, obtufe, and furrounding the ftalk-. An, June,

- GALEOPSIS. Stinking DeadNettle.

The cup is monophyllous^ tubulated-, quinquedeh-
tated, acuto-ariftated, and the ariftae the length of the
tube,' and permanent. The flower is mcnopetalous and
rinc^ent, the tube is very fliort, the limb opens. The
faux is rather broader than the tube, the length of the
cup, and from the bafe of the upper lip is on both Tides
fharply indented. The upper lip is roundifh, concave,
ferrated at the apex. The lower lip is triftd: The la-
teral fegments are roundifh, the middle one is larger, e-
marginated and crenated. It hath four ftamina that are
fubdated and placed under the upper lip, of which two
are ftiorter than the reft. The anthers are roundifh
and bifid. The germen is qUadrifid, the ftyle is flender,
theleno-th of the ftamina; the ftigma i-s bifid and acute.
The cup is rigid, ftraight, containing four triquetrous,
truncated feeds.

Ladanum, Narrow leaved Allheal with the fpace be-
tween the joints on the ftalk equal; and all the whorls
remote 'from each other. An, July, Aug,

^etrahit. Nettle Hemp, or He^np leaved Dead Nettle,
with the fpace between the joints towards the top incraf-
fated, and the upper wdorls nearly contiguous. An.

Aug,

Gdechdolon. Yellow Nettle-hemp with fix flowers at
every whorl, and the involucrum tetraphyllous. Per.
May,

BETQ-

DIDYNAMIA GYMNOSPERMIA. 129

B E T O N I C A. Betony,

The cup is monophyllous, tubulated, ' cylindfic,
quinquedentated, ariftated, and remains till the fruit be
ripe. The flower Is monopetalous and ringent, the
tube is incurved and cylindric. The upper lip i3
roundifli, entire, plain, ered; the lower lip is trifld, the
middle fegment is broadefl:, roundifli and einarginated.
There 'are four fubulated filaments the length of the
faux, of which two arje fliorter than the others and in-
clined towards the upper' lip, liaving roundifli anthers.
The germen is quadripartite. The flyle is of the fi-
gure and fize of the ftamina and the ftrgma is bifid.
The cup contains four ovate feeds.

Officinalis. IVocd Betony with an interrupted fpike^
and the middle fegment of the lower lip' of the flower
emarginated. Per. July., Aug. r* 'a

Hirta. Yellow Betony with flowers growingdh whorls
round the ftalks, and prickly flower cups. In the weft-
riding of Torkjh. about Wakefield., Barfield and Sheffiield.
R. Sy, An. Aug^ ' .

S T A C H Y S. Base-Horehouno.

The Clip is monophyllous, tubulated, angulated, fe-
miquinquifid, acuminated, and remains till the fruit be
ripe. The denticles are acuminated, fubulated, and
nearly equal. The flower is monopetalous and ringent,
the tube is very fliort. The faux is oblong and gibbous
to the bafe. ITe upper lip is eredt, fubovate, arched,
and often emarginated. 1 he lower lip is larger,
reflex af the fides and trifid-, the middle fegment is
largeft, emarginated, and replicated. There are four
ftamina, of which, two are fliorter than the reft, and fa -
bulated, bending back to the fides of the faux, having
Ample antherae. The germen is quadriparthe, the ftyie
is flender and the length of the ftamina. I'he ftigma is
bifid and acute. The cup which is fcarce changed con-
tains ovate, angulated feeds.

S Obf.

t3o DIDYNAMIA G YMNOSPERMIA.

I . ^

Obf. Galeopfu The upper lip is arched.

Stachys T, The upper lip is ered.

S. Hirta, ^ The upper lip of the corolla is divaricated.

S. Arvcnfis. 1 he upper lip of the corolla is entire.

Germanka. B afe Horehound Wixh m^iny xht

whorls, the fowings of the leaves imbricated, and a
woolly ftalk. Per, July.

Sylvutica. Hedge Nettle,, with fix flowers at each
whorl, and cordate leaves on foot- (talks. Per. July^
Aug, ...

Palujlris. ’ Clown* i Allheal flowers at every

whorl, lineari-lahceolated leaves that half embrace the
ftalk. JPer. Aug. ■ ■

/’j ^ ^ ’ i

. B A L L 0 ;T A. Stinking Horehound.

The cup is monophyllous,’ tubulated^ hypocraterl-
form, pentagonal, oblong, ,decem-ftriated, ered, remains
till the friiit be ripe,'and is equal: The mouth is acute,
patulent, plicated, and quihquedentated. The flower is’
monqpetalous -and' ringent,, the. tube is cylindraceous,
and the length of the cup. The upper lip -is credt,
vate, entire, crenated, concave; the lower lip is trifid and
obtufe: The middle fegment being larger and'emargina-
t^d. There are four fllarnents of which two are fhorter,
inclined tow^ards the upper lip, and fhorter than it, with
oTlong, lateral antherse. The germen is quadrifid, the
ftyle is flender and of the figure of the (lamina, and the
(ligma is flender and bifid. The cup is unchanged and
contains four ovate feeds.'

Nigra. Stinking Horehound with cordate, fefrated, un-
divided leaves, and acuminated cups. An. July.

MARRUBIUM. Horehound.

The cup is monophyllous, infundibuliform, tubulat-
ed, and hath ten (Iri^: The mouth is equal, patulent,
and often has ten dents that are alternately lefs; The
flower is monopetalous and ringent, the tube cylindrace-

ous.

DIDYNAMIA ^YMNOSPERMIA. 131 *

ons, the limb opens with a long tubulated faux. The
upper lip is ered, linear, femibihd, and acute-, the low>^
er lip is reflex, broader and femitrifid, the middle feg-
ment is broad and emarginated, and the lateral fegments
are acute. The four filaments are fliorterthan the co- '
rolla, and placed under the upper li[>, and two of them
are longer than the other two, having Ample antherae.
Thegermen is quadrifid, the fliyle is flender and the
length of the ftamina, with a bifid iligma. The cup is
narrowed in the neck, expanded at the mouth, and con-
tains four oblongifh feeds.

Gbf. Marruhium of ’T, has the upper lip of the co-
rolla ered.

Pfeudodi^amni P. has the upper lip arched.

Vulgare. White Horehoimd with hooked, briftly in-
^ dentures to the cups. About Warton^ Lane, plentifully'.
fune.^ July,

LEONURUS. Motherwort, or Lion’s Tail.

The cup is monophyllous, tubulated, cylindraceo-
I angulated, pentagonal, quinquedentated, and remains
' till the fruit be ripe. The flower is monopetalous and
I ringent, the tube is narrow, the limb opens, the faux is
! long. The upper lip is longer, femi-cylindraceous, con-
cave, gibbous, rotundo-obtufe at the apex, entire and
villofe. The lower , lip is reflex and tripartite, the feg-
' ments are lanceolated and nearly equal. There are four
filaments concealed under the upper lip, two of which
I are Ihorter. The antherae are oblong, compreflTed, bi-
1 fid in the midft, incumbent, marked with elevated points
I that are globofe, fmooch, folid and very fmalL There,
i are four germina, a flender Ityle the length of the ita-
! mina, and a bifid acute ftigma. There are four oblong
I feeds in the bottom of the cup, convex on onp fide and
I angulated on the ether.

Cardiaca. Motherwort or Lkrd^ Tally with fpear-
fhaped, three lobed leaves on the ftalks. About Pouk
I ton by the fands, Lan, Bien. July,

! S 2

CLIN-

132 DIDYNAMIA GYMNOSPERMIA,

CLINOPODIUM. Field Basil.

The involucrum is the length of the cup, with a mul-
titude of hairs making a kind of a whorl. The cup is
HiOnophyllous, cyllndraceous, flightly incurved, and bi-
labiated. The upper lip is broader, trihd, acute, reflex-,
the lower lip is bipartite, flcnder, and inflex. 1 he flow-
er is monopetalous and ringent, the tube is fliort and
vifibly enlarges towards the faux. The upper lip is e-
redl, concave, obtufe, and emarginated; The lower lip
is trifid and obtufe, the middle fegment is broader and
emarginated. The four filaments are under the up-
per lip, two of which are fhorter with roundifh anther
Thegermen is quadripartite, the ftyle is flender, and the
length of the ftamina. The ftigma is Ample, acute, and
comprefled. The cup is ftraitned in the neck, gibbous
in the belly, and contains four ovate leeds.

Vulgar e. Great Wild Bafil with roundifh, prickly
heads, and brully bradtcie. Per. July.

O R I G A N U M. Marjoram.

The involucrum is fpicated and compounded of im-
bricated, ovate, coloured bradeae, and the cup is une-
qual The flower is monopetalous and ringent, the tube
cyllndraceous and compreffed. The upper lip is ered,
plain, obtufe, emarginated. The lower hp is trifid and
the fegments unequal. The four filaments are thread-like
the length of the corolla, two of which are longer and
the antherae are fimiple. The germen is quadrilid, the
fiyle flender and inclining towards the upper lip of the
corolla; the ftigma is flightly bifid. Ihe cup is conni-
vent .md contains four ovate feeds.

Obf. The involucrum of the cup conftitutes the ef-
fential charadterifTc of this genus.

Vulgare. Wild Marjoram with roundilh, paniculated
fpikes gathered in clulters, and oval bradeae, which are
longer than the empaleinent. About Borwick and in

the

DIDYNAMIA GYMNOSPERMIA. 1^3

the fields near Wartcn Churchy Lan. belonging to Mr
i Dawson. Per. July^ Aug.

Onites. Pot Marjoram with oblong rough fpikes, ga-
thered into a head, and cordate, tomentofe leaves. In
! dry meadows. On the left hand-fide of the road from
! Braintree to Paine., beyond the bridge, Mr Dale. R.

■ Per. Aug.

I THYMUS. Thyme,

The cup is monophyllous, tubulated, femibifid into
I two lips and remains till the fruit be ripe, and the faux
I is clofed with hair. The upper lip is broader, plain, eredt,

; tridentaced. The lower lip is two bridles of an equal
I length. The flower is monopetalous and ringentj the
I tube is the length of the cup, the faux is fmalL The
! upper lip is fhorter, plain, cred, emarginated and obtufe.

I The lower lip is longer, patent, broader, trifid, obtufe,
and the middle fegment is broadefl. There are four incur-
ved filamen:s, two of which are longer and have fmall
I anthers. The germen is quadripartite, the ftyle is flen-
! der, the ftigma is bifid and acute. The cup is contradb-
! ed in the neck and contains four fmall roundifh feeds.

I Obf. Linn. Phyme ofT. hath very fhort ftamina,

Serpyllum T*. differs from Phyme., having ligneous
{talks, not fo hard and more creeping.

Acinos Riv. Dill, has the middle legment of the low-
er- lip of the corolla emarginated.

Majlichina Boerh. has the dents of the cup extended
into very long and villofe brhlles.

LiNNy^ius makes the eight other fpecies of authors
only varieties,

Serpyllum. Mother of Phyme., Demon Phyme., or Ploary
Phyme with headed flowers, decumbent ftaiks, plain, OD-
tule leaves ciliated at the bafe. Per. july., Aug.

Acinos. Wild Baftl with verticillated flowers. Angle
flowers upon the peduncles, flalks ere6t,and partly branch-
ed, and ^cute, ferrated leaves. On the top of Cringkhar^
row belonging tg Q. Townley, Efq. and on Hale-fell^

WejK

434 DIDYNAMIA GYMNOSPERMIA:

Weft. Common among fmall lime-ftones every where. ’
An. Jiily^ Aug.

MELISSA. Calamint.

The cup is monophyllous, campanulated, dry, rough,
patent, angulated, ilriated, bilabiated, and remains till
the fruit be ripe. The upper lip is tridentated, reflexo-
patent, and plain. The lower lip is fhorter, more acute,
and bipartite. The flower is monopetalous and ringent,
the tube is cylindraceous, the faux opens, the upper lip
is fhorter, ered:, arched, roundifh, emarginated. The
lov/er lip is trifid. The middle fegment larger and ob-
cordate. The four filaments are fubulated, of which
two are the length of the corolla and two half that length.
The antherae are fmall and connivent by pairs. The
germen is quadrifid, the flyle is flender, and the length
of the corolla, and inclines with the flamina under the
upper lip. The fligma is flender, bifid and reflex. The
cup is enlarged and contains four ovate feeds.

Calamintha. Common Calamint v/ith footftalks arifing
from the wings of the ftalks, which are dichotomous and
the length of the leaves. Per. Aug.

Nepeta. Field Calamint with footftalks arifing from
the wings of the ftalks, which are dichotomous longer
l^an the leaves, and a declining head. Per. Aug.

MELITTIS. Bastard Balm.

The cup is monophyllous, campanulated, round,
flraight, bilabiated. The upper lip is higher, emargina-
ted, acute; the lower lip is fhorter, bifid, acute with ex-
tended fegments. The flower is monopetalous and rin-
gent, the tube is much narrower than the cup, the faux
is fcarce any thicker. The upper lip is erect, roundifh
and plain; the lower lip is patent, trifid, and obtufe;
the middle fegment is larger and crenated. The four
filaments are fubulated under the upper lip, of which
vile middle ones are fhorter than the others. The anthe-

DIDYNAMIA GYMNOSPERMIA. t5|

rx are connivent by pairs in the form of a crofs, bifid
and obmfe. The germen Is obtufe, quadrifid, and vil-
lofe; the ftyle is flender and the length of . the Itamina,
the ftigma is bifid and acute. The cup without chang-
ing contains four feeds.

Obi. Linn. The lower lip of the cup fometimes is
found crenated,

• Meliffophyllum, Melittis Baflard Balm, In woods and
hedges. In feveral woods in the JVeft of England, as about
2^ otnefs in Vevonfli. and Haverfordweji^ PemhrckeJJi, R.

Per, June.

SCUTELLARIA. ScutL-cAp.

- The cup is monophyllous, very fliort and tubulated *
the mouth is alinoll entire, having an incumbent fcaly
operculum which feems ciofed. The fiov/er is mono-
I petalous and ringent,^the tube is very fhort, bended
I backwards, the faux is long and comprefiTed. The up-
I per lip is concave and trifid, the middle fegment ^s'eo^-
! cave and emarginated, the fide ones are plain and fomcd
1 what acute; the lower lip is broad and emarginated^

I The four filaments are placed under the upper lip, of
which two are longer, having fmall anthers. The ger-
man is quadripartite; the-ftyle flender and the length of
the (lamina, the ftigma is fimple^ incdrved, and acumi-
; nated. The cup is fliut up with the operculum, and
' lhaped like a helmet, and fupplies the place of a capfule,
having four roundifli feeds, and opens on the lower mar-
: gin.

Obf. Linn. It is fufliciently diftinguilhed from all
! others by the fruit.

Galericulata, Hooded JVillozv Herb with cordato-lance-
dated, rugofe, crenated leaves and flowers from the joints
! 6t the ftalks or wings of the leaves. On the banks of
! dirty ditches and rivers. In the ditches about London.

\ About Newdike-Lhornbarrow,, Tealand Conyers^ Lan,

Minor, L'he kjfer hooded JVillow-Herb with cordato-
ovate, nearly entire leaves and flowers from the wings of
i the leaves. Pcr^ Julyy Aug. P R U*

136 DIDYNAMIA GYMNOSPERMIA.

ft * ' *

PRUNELLA. Selfh2al*

The cup is monophyllous, bilabiated, fhorter than the
faux, and remains till the fruit be ripe. The upper lip
is plain, broad, truncated, (lightly tridentated ; the lower
lip is ere6t, narrow, acute, and femibifid. The flower is
monopetalous and ringent, the tube is ,(liort and cylin-
draceous, the faux is oblong. The upper lip is epneave,
entire, and nodding-, the lower lip is reflex, trifid, and
obtufe-, the middle fegment is broader, emarginated
and ferrated. The four filaments are fubulated, bifurcat-
ed at the apices, of which two are a little longer; the an-
theras are Ample, and* inferred into the filaments beneath
the apex. The germen is quadripartite, the ftyle flendeit-
and inclined 'with the ftamma to the upper lip and the
fliigma is emarginated; the cup is (hut and contains four
fubovate feeds. , _ ^ ^ r .

Obf. Linn. 1 he eflfential charadler confifts in the
bifurcated filaments like Cramhes. ,

Vulgaris. Selfheal^iih ovaco-oblong leaves upon foot-
ftalks. Per. Aug! I found (in company with J. Benson,
Efq. Mr. Parkinson, and feveral.. others) a variety of
this plant, with a milk -white flower, in a fleldncari)^?/-
ton-liaU Burion-^Wefi. .

angiospermia;

DIDYNAMIA ANGIOSPERMIA: 13^

ANGIOSPERMIA^

BARTSIA. Eye-bright Cow-wheat.

The cup is monophyllous, tubulated, and remains till
the fruit be ripe, the mouth is obtufe and bifid j the fig-
ments are emarginated, and the apices coloured. The
i flower is monopetalous and ringent. The upper lip is
i eredt, flender, and longer ^ the lower lip is .reflex, trifid,
obtufe, and very fmall. There are four fetaceous fila-
ments the length of the upper lip, two of which are
1 fhorter than the reft. The antherai are oblong and ap-
proximate under the apex of the upper lip. The gerrhen
is ovate-, the flyle is flender, and longer than the flami-
na, the ftigma is obtufe and nodding. The capfule is
i ovate, comprefled, acuminated, bilocularwith two valves^
containing many fmall angulated feeds.

Obf. It is as it were a middle between the ^ Yellow
Rattle Eyehright and Loufewort^ being diftinguifhed with
a coloured cup.

Vifcofa. Marfli Eye-hright Cow-wheat with the upper
leaves alternately ferrated, and the flowers Ort one fide.
In boggy watery places.

Jlpina. Mountain Eye-hright Cow-wheat with oppo-
fite, cordate leaves, obtufely ferrated. On the banks of
rivers. Near Orton^ hVeft, Aug.

RPIINANTHUS. Yellow-Rattle.

The cup is monophyllous, roundifli, inflated, com^
preflfed, quadridentated and remains till the fruit be ripe.
The flower is monopetalous and ringent, the tube is near-
ly cylindraceous and the length of the cup. The limb
opens and is compreffed at the bale. The upper lip is
compreffed, emarginated, and narrow. The lower lip is
patulent, plain, femi-trifid, and obtufe-, the middle feg-
ment is broader. There are four filaments the length of

T the

138 DIDYNAMIA ANGIOSPERMI A.

the upper Up under which they are concealed, and two
are fhorter than the reft. The antherse are incumbent,
bihd, and rough. The germen is ovate and comprefled,
the ftyle is (lender, fttuatedwith theftamina and longer ^
the ftigma is obtufe and indexed. The capfule is obtufe,
eredt, comprefled, bilocular, with two valves, and the
difTepimentum oppofite to them, and opens at the mar-
gins, containing many comprefled feeds.

Crijia Galli. Yellow Rattle or Cock^s Comb with the
upper lip of the corolla, compreflTed and ftiorter. An,
JunCy July.

EUPHRASIA. Eye-bright.

The cup is monophyllous, cylindrical, quadrifid, un-
equal and remains till the fruit be ripe. The flower is
monopetalous and ringent; the tube is the length of the
cup. The upper lip is concave and emarginated, the
lower lip is patent and tripartite, the fegments being ob-
tufe and equal. The four filaments are flender and in-
clined under the upper lip. The antherae have two lobes,
the lower of which is acuminated into a fpike. The
germen is ovate, the ftyle flender and the fhape of the
ftamina. The ftigma is obtufe and entire. The capfule
is ovato-oblong, compreflTed, bilocular, containing many
roundifli, fmall feeds.

Officinalis. Eye-bright with ovate leaves, (harply dent-
ed. An. Aug. Sep.

Odontites. Red Eye-bright with linear, ferrated leaves.
An. Aug. Sep.

MEL AMPHYRUM. Cow-wheat.

The cup is monophyllous, tubulated, femi-quadrifid;
the fegments are flender and remain till the fruit be ripe.
The flower is monopetalous and ringent, the tube is ob-
long and bended back, the limb is comprefled. The
upper lip is fhaped like a helmet, compreffed, emargina-
ted, and the fide margins are reflex. The lower lip is

plain

DIDYNAMIA ANGIOSPERMIA: 139

plain and ere6b, being the length of the upper lip and
femi-trifid, obtufe and marked in the middle with two
I eminences. The four filaments are fubiilated, crooked,
and placed under the upper lip, two of which are fhort-
I er having oblong antherse. The germen is acuminated,

I the ftyle fimple and the length of the ftamina, the ftigma
is obtufe. The capfule is oblong, oblique, acuminated,

I comprefled, convex in the upper margin and flraight in
* the lower, is bilocular and has two valves, the diflepi-
mentum is contrary to the valves opening in the upper
future, containing two ovate, gibbous feeds.

' Crifiatum, Crejied Cow-wheat with quadrangular fpikes,

! cordate, compaft, denticulated, imbricated bradteae. In
I the woods of Cambridgpi, and Bedford/h, An. ^July.

I Arvenfe. Purple Cow-wheat v/ith conical loofe Ipikes,

I dentato-fetaceous bradtes.- An. July.

I Pratenfe. Meadow Cow-wheat with the flowers on one
I fide, the conjugations remote, and the flowers fhuu An,
July, Aug. ^ j - ' '

Syhaticum. Yellow Cow-wheat with gaping powers.
This differs from the preceding, the flowers being fliort-
cr by half, opening at the limb, and wholly yellow. In
woods, efpecially where there are oak-trees. An. July.,
Sep. ■ . •

L A T H R Ai A. Toothwort.

The cup is monophyllous, campanulated,and upright;
the mouth is deeply quadrifld. The flower is monopeta->
Ions and ringent, the tube is longer than the cup. The
limb is ringent and ventricofe. The upper lip is con-
cave, fbaped like a helmet, broad, with a narrow hook-
ed apex. The lower lip is lefs, reflex, obtufe, and trifid .
The nedarium is an emarginated glandule depreffed on
both fides, very fhort, inferred into the receptacle of the
flower at one angle of the germen. There are four fubu-
lated filaments the length of the corolla, concealed un-
der the upper lip. The anthera^ are obtufe, depreffed,
and connivent. The germen is globofo-compreffed, the

T 2 ftyle

140 DIDYNAMIA ANGIOSPERMIA;

ftyle (lender and the length of the (lamina. The ftigma
is truncated and nodding, i he capfule is roundifh, ob-
tufe, unilocular with two valves, elaftic, and cloathed
with a very large patent cup, containing many fubglo-
bofe feeds.

Cbf. It approaches to the nature of the Orohanche
iipqii account of the glandule.

Squamaria. ^oothwort a very fimple (lalk, pen-
dui9us dowers and the lower lip trihd. In (hady places
and. at the foot of mountains, but not common. In the
woods about Maidfione. in Kent^ R. oy. In a (hady lane
leading frpm Harefield town to the river*, below Cunfwick
fear ntzx Kendal^ JVeft, At the foot and on the fnelves of
the fear below W aterfahhridge near Balfton^ IVeft. Mr
EAwsQNi In the firft fie)d below Scout-ftyle^ on the right
hand of a foot- oath leadirtg to Barrow-field^ about two
miies^from Kendal^ Wilson’s Sy, In Deepdale wood and
in Grifedale within the liberties of Zealand^ Lane, Per,
^pril^ May.

^ FEDICULARIS. Lousewort,

The cup is monophyllous, roundifh, ventrieofe, has a
quihquifld, equal mouth, and remains till the fruit be
ripe. The flower is monopetalous and ringent, the tube
is oblong and gibbous. The upper lip is fhaped like a
helmet, eredt’xomprelTed, emarginated, and narrow. The
lower lip is patent, plain, femi-trifid- obtufe*, the mid-
dle fegment is narrower. The four filaments are the
length of the upper lip under which they are concealed,
of which two are fhorter. The anthers are incumbent,
roundifh and compreffed. The germen is roundifh, the
ftyle is (lender, longer than the (lamina. The ftigma is
obtufe. The capfule is roundifh, acuminated, oblique,
bilocular, the dilfepimentum is oppofite to the valves
and opens in the apex, containing many roundidi, com-
prefkd, truncated feeds. The receptacles are oblong
and pitiolated.

Obli The capfule in the apex is oblique in the greats
cfl part, bylvatica.

DIDYNAMIA; ANGIOSPERMI A. 141

Sylvatica. Common Loufezvort with a ramofe flalk, ob-
long, angulated, fmooth cups, and the lip flower cordate.
May^ June,

Palujiris. MarJJi Loufewort with a ramofe flalk, cral-
ious, pundated cups, and the flowers oblique in the lip.
June,

ANTIRRHINUM. Snapdragoint.

The cup is quinquepartite and remains till the fruit
be ripe, the fegments are oblong, the two lower are more
open. The dower is monopetalous and ringent, the
tube is oblong and gibbous, the limbas bilabiated. The
upper lip is bifid and reflex at the Tides ^ the lower
lip is trifid and obcufe. The palate is convex, often
fhut with a prominent palate between the lips. The
nedarium is bended down to the bafe of the corolla
and prominent. There are four filaments under the up-
per lip, almofl the length of the upper lip, two arc
Ihorter, and the antheras are oonnivent. The germen is
roundifh, the fliyie Ample, the length of the ftamina, the
ftigma is obtufe. The capfule is roundifh, obtufe, bilo-
cular, of different opening and figure in different plants,
and contains many feeds. The receptacles are kidney
fhaped, folitary, and fixed to the difiepimentum.

Obf. The nedarium and feed veffel in this genus va-
ry much.

Limria of T, hath a long and Tubulated nedariuin and
a capfule opening equally.

Cymhalarta. Ivy-leaved I’oadflax with cord;jte, quin-
quelobate, alternate leaves and procunibent fialks.
About Vauxhdll near London, Per. June — Olioh.

Elatine. Sharp-pointed Fluellin with haflare leaves plac,-
ed alternately, and procumbent fcalks. An Aug. Sept,

Spurium. Round-leaved Fluellin v;ith ovate leaves plac^-
ed alternately and procumbent ftalks. An, Aug,

Such

142 DIDYNAMIA ANGIOSPERMI A.

Such as have oppo/ite^ virti dilate leaves.

Arvenfe. Corn-blue Toadflax with nearly linear leaves,
the lower ones placed by fours, the cups pilofo-vifcid,
the flowers in fpikes and the ftalkered. An. July^ Aug.

Repens. Creeping Toadflax with linear leaves fet thick
upon the flalk, thofe towards the bottom by fours, the
cups being equal with the capfules. Per. Aug.

IVIonfpeJulanum. Sweet-fmelling Toadflax with linear
leaves, let thick on the icalk, a fmooth paniculated Italk,
and naked, fpiked peduncles. July.^ Aug.

Unaria. Common Tellow Toadflax with lanceolato-li-
'hear leaves,' fet thick on the ftalk, which is ere^l, termi-
natory felTile fpikes and imbricated flowers. Per. July.

• Minus. Leaft T oadflax with lanceolated, obtufe leaves
f)laced alternately, and a diffufe branchy flialk. June., Sep.

Such as have gaping corolU and alternate entire leaves.

Majus. The Greater Snapdragon with flowers with^
fpurs and round cups. Per. June., July.

Orontiwn. The Leaft Snapdragon with flowers without
fpurs, and cups longer than the flowers. An. July^ Aug.

SCROPHULARIA. Figwort.

The cup is monophyllous, quinquifld, and prominent,
the fegments are fhorter than the corolla and rounded.
The flower is monopetalous and unequal. The tube is
globofe, large and fweiied. The limb is quinquepartite
and very fmail-, the two upper fegments are large and
cred, the two lateral ones are patulent and the third is
reflex. The four filaments are linear and declined the
length of the corolla, and two are fhorter. The antherie
are didymous. The germen is ovate, the ftyle is Ample
the length of the ftamina, with a Ample Aigma, The
capfule is roundilh, acuminated, bilocular, opens at the
fvimmit, and contains many fmail feeds. There is a

Angle

DIDYNAMIA ANGIOSPERMIA. ' 145

fingle roundifh receptacle infinuating itfelf into both the
loculamenta, or cells.

Nodofa, Knobby-rooted Figwort with cordate leaves
tranfverfe at the bale, and an obtufe, angular Halk. Fer.
July.

Aquatica. Water Figwort or Betony with cordate, de-
current foot-ftalks, a llalk angulated with membranes,
and terminatory branches. Per. July.

Scorodonia. Balm-leaved Figwort with cordate, dupli-
cato-ferrated leaves and a compounded branch. Found
near the fea fhore about St. Ives in Cornwall. Per. Aug.

Vernalis. 7'ellow Figwort with cordate leaves and fo-
litary, dichotomous peduncles from the joints. Ap. May^

I LIMOSELLA. Bastard Plantain.

The cup is monophyllous,femiquinquifid, eredV, acute,
and permanent. The flower is monopetalous, campanu-
lated, ered, equal, femiquinquifid, acute, fmall, and the
fegments are patent: There are four ereft filaments of
which tv/o are joined to the fame fide, ihorter than the
corolla and have Ample antherae. The germen is oblong
and obtufe, the ftyie is Ample and the length of the fta-
1 mina, and the fligma is globofe. The capfule is ovate
and half involved in the cup, unilocular with two valves
containing many oval feeds •, the receptacle is ovate and
I very large.

i Aquatica. Bajlard Plantain. Per. Aug. Sep.

I SIBTHORPIA. Bastard Moneywort.

The cup is monophyllous, tubulated, quinquepartitc,
patent ^ the fegments are ovate and permanent. The
; flower is monopetalous, quinquepartite, patent, equal,
and the length of the cup, with roundifh fegments*
There are four capillary filaments, two being approxi-
mated. Theantherae'are cordato-oblong. The germen is
roundifli and comprelled ; the ftyie is cylindrical, thick-
I er than the filaments, and the length of the flower, the
I ftigma

I44:T)IDYNAMIA ANGIOSPERMI A;.

ftigma is fimple, headed and deprefled. The capfule is
comprefled, orbiculated, biventricofe, the Tides are acute.
There .are .two valves' and two cells. The diflepimentum
is tranfverre,' containing fubrotundo-oblong feeds, con-
vex on one fide and plain on the other.

Europcea. Baftard Money^jjort with kidney-fhaped,
crenated leaves. About Longsleddale in IVeJt, Aug,

DIGITALIS. Fox-glove. "

The cup is quinquepartite, the fegments roundifh,
acute, and permanent, the uppermoft is narrower than
the reft. The flower is monopetalous and campanulated,
the tube is large, patent, ventricofe, and cylindraceous
at the bafe •, the limb is fmall and quadrifid, the upper
fegment being more patent and emarginated, the loweft
larger. T here are four Tubulated filaments inlerted into the
bale of the corolla and bended downwards, of which tw'o
are fhorterthan the reft. The antherae.are bipartite and
acuminated. The germen is acuminated, the ftyle is fim-
ple, and ftigma acute. The capfule is ovate, the length of
the cup, acuminated, and bilocular, with two valves
which break two ways, containing many fmall feeds.

Obf. There are fome fpecies in which the fegments
of the corolla are acute, and more confpicuous, and both
upper and under lip are acute and more prominent.

Purpurea, Purple Fox-glove with the fegments of the
cup ovate and acute, the flowers obtufe and upper lip
entire. I have feen a variety with a white flower. Bicn.
July, Aug.

CLASS XV.

T E T R A D Y N A M I A.

145

C L A S S XV.

T E T R A D Y N A M I A.

The plants of this clafs are fuppof^d to have four of their
ftamina of more efficacy than the reft^ and are always known
by having the four efficacious fla?nina longer than the others.
The general charaolers are as follow : The cup is of an
oblong figure,, compofed of four oval,, oblong hollow,, obtufe
leaves,, converging towards one another,, and are gibbous
at the bafe',, thefe all fall off with the flower and ft and in
parrs,, the oppojite ones being always equal in length *, the
cup is properly the netlariurn of the plant,, and it is on this
occafion that it is gibbous at the bafe. The flower is of
a cruciform kind, and confijls of four equal petals, which
have ungues of the length of the cup, erect, and fiat *, the
petals are broad at the top, obtufe and fcarce touch one
another at the fides, and the infer tion of the petals and
ftamina is in the fame place. The ftamina are fix fubula-
ted, ereEl filamynts, the two oppofite ones arre of the length
of the cup, the other four are fomething longer, and are of
a lejs length, however, than the petals. The anthers are
oblong and pointed, thick at the bafe and ereB, with
apices bending fidew ays. The neBariferous gland in the
different genera of the clafs, is differently fituated. It
ufually however is found near the ftamina, and mofi fre-
quently of all is affixed to fome Jhort filaments, and ftands
near their bafe. Two of the fiarmina are often curved
that they may not prefs upon the gland \ a7id it is often
owing to this that two are fhorter than the reft. The ger-
men of the piftil is placed above the receptacle, and is eve-
ry day in its growth raifed higher and higher. The fiyle
is fometimes wanting, but in fuch plants as have it, it is

U of

j46 TETRADYNAMIA SILICULOSA.

of the length of the longer Jiamina. ^he ftigma is always
ohtufe. The fruit or capfule is always a bivalve pod^
which often contains two cells \ this when ripe^ opens by
fplittbtg from the apex to the bafe^ and it has always a
little membranous fubftance ferving within as a feptum^
when the pod is bilocular this ftands out beyond the apex^
and is the rudiments of what was before the fiyle. "dhe
feeds are roundifh and the pod ufually narrow and obloyig,

This clafs is naturally divided into two feries^ the one con-
taining the Siiiculofe and the other the Siliquofe plants :
the firjl have a jhort pod^ and the others a long and fen-
der one : The firft pods ujually have more of the remains
cf the fyle than the others,

SILICULOSA.

M Y A G R U. M. Gold of Pleasure.

The cup is tetraphyllous, the leaves are ovato-
oblong, concave, gaping, coloured, deciduous,
The dower is tetrapetalous and cruciform, the petals are
plain, roundifh and obtufe, the ungues are narrow.
There are fix hiaments the length of the cup ; of thefe
the four oppohte are a little longer than the reft. The
anthers are fimple. The germen is ovate, the ftyle is
(lender and the length of the cup, the ftigma is obtufe.
Thefilicula is obcordate, partly comprefled and rigid;
the apex ends in a rigid conical ftyle and has two valves ;
the pods in fome are empty.

Obf. Linn. MyagriT. The feed veftel is unilocular
with two empty cells in the top and one at the bafe con-
taining feeds.

Sativum, Gold cf Pleafure with ovate, pedunculated,
polyfpermous filiculs. Among flax. An, June,

VELLA.

TETRADYNAM’iA SILICULOSA. 14^

VELLA. Cresse Rocket.

The cup is tetraphyllous, ere^l, cylindraceous, and
the leaves are linear, obtule, and deciduous. The flower
is retrapetalous and cruciform, and the petals obovate
‘and patent, the ungues being the length of the cup. The
fix filaments are the length of the cup, but the two op-
pofite ones are ihorter than the refl:. The antherse are
fimple. The germen is ovate, the ftyle is conical, the
ftigma is fimple. The filicula is globofe, entire, bilocu-
lar, the diffepimentum is twice as large as the filicula,
it is ovate and ered:, containing fome roundifii feeds.

Annua. CrcJJe Rocket with pinnatifid leaves, and pen-
dulous- filiculaii. On i^alisbury Plain., not far from Stone-
henge., Mr Lawson. R. Sy, An. June.,

SUBULARIA. Awl-wort.

The cup is tetraphyllous, and the leaves are ovate,
concave, patent, and deciduous. The flov/er is tetrape-
talous and uniform. The petals are obovate, entire
and fomewhat larger than the cup. There are fix
filaments fliorter than the corolla, the two oppofite ones
being fliorter, and the antherae are fimple. The germen
is ovate with fcarce any ftyle and the ftigma is obtufe.
The filicula is obovate, comprefled, entire, furnifhed
v/ith a very fliort ftyle and is bilocular-, the valves are
ovate and concave, the feeds are very fmall and round--
ifli.

Aciuatica. Awl- wort. Per,

D R A B A. Whitlow-grass*

The cup is tetraphyllous, the leaves are ovate, con-
cave eredo-patent, deciduous. The flower is tetrapeta-
lous and cruciform the petals are oblong, fomewhat
patent, with very fmall ungues. There are fix filaments
the length of the cup, four of which are fomewhat long-
er, and eredo-patent, having fimple antheraj. The ger-

U 2 men

14^ TETRADYNAMI-A SILICULOSA.

men is ovate with fcarce any ftyle, the ftigma is headed
and plain. The hhcula is eliptico-oblong, comprefled,
entire without any ftyle, bilocular, and the dilTepimen-
tum is parallel with the’valves, which are concave and
contain many Imall roundifh leeds.

Obf. Linn. In fome the petals are bipartite to the
ungues, in others only emarginated, in fome entire. The
ellential charadtr confifts in the.fiiicula being of an oval,
oblong, comprefied figure, almcfi; dellitute of a ftyle ;
and hence is eafily diiiinguifhed from the ^ JyJJwn^ Suhi-
laria^ and Lunaria.

Verna. Common Whitlow-grafs with naked flems and
leaves fomewnat ferrated. An. ylpril.

Muralis. Specdivell-lea^oed V/hitlow-grafs with a ramofe
ftalk, cordate, dentated leaves that iurround the flalk.
An. June.

hicana. Wreathen-pedded Whitlow-grafs with many hoa-
ry leaves on the ftalk, and oblong iiliculae. Bien. May.

L E P I D I U M. Dittander or Pepperwort.
The cup is tetraphyllous, the leaves are ovate, con-
cave, deciduous. 1 he flower is tetrapetalous and cruci-
form, the petals are obovate, twice as long as the cup,
with narrow ungues. There are fix fubulated'filaments
the length of the cup, of which two are fhortcr than the
red; and^all the anthers are fimple. The germen is cor-
date, the ftyle fimple, the length of the ftamina, and 'the
ftigma is obtufe. The filicula is fubcordate, partly e-
marginated, compreffed, with an acute margin and is
bilocular-, the difiepimentum is lanceolated, the valves
navicular and keel-lhaped, containing acuminated feeds
narrower at the bale and nodding.

Latifolium. Dittander with ovato- lanceolated entire,
-ferrated leaves. In meadpw^s and paftures, but not very
common. Near the rjythe at Colchefter., and at Hayhridge
near Maldon^ by the water-fide, plentifully, R. Sy. In
the marfhes near Gray's \a Dr Watson. Per. June\
July. : . . • .r. ,

K i ' RuJerale.

TETRADYNAMIA SILICULOSA, 14^

Rjuderale, Narrow leaved wild Crefs or DittanderWith.
apetalous llowtrs that have two'ftamina, whofe leaves
towards the root are dentato-pinnated, thofe on the bran*
ches linear and entire* At Malden in EJfeXy Lynne in
Norfolk^ iitid L ruro in Cornwal. An, June,

. Petrieum, Mountain Bittander with entire pinnate
leaves^ emarginated petals that are lefs than the cup.
On St Vincenfs Rock : R. Sy. An, Aprils May,

T HL A S P I. Mithridate or Tr. eagle Mustard.

The cup is tetraphyllous, the leaves are ovate, con-
cave, eredto- patent, and deciduous. The flower is tetra-
petaious and cruciform, the petals obovate, twice as
long as the cup with narrow ungues. There arc fix fila-
ments, fliorter by half than the corolla ^nd two of thefe
are fhorter than the reft with acuminated antherte. The
germen is roundifli, comprefled, emarginated. I'he ftyie
is fimple and the length of the ftamina, and the itigma
is obtufe. The filicula is compreff^d, obcordate, emarr
ginated ; the ftyie is the length of the emargination, bi-
locular, and the dilTepimentum is lanceolaced, and th^
valves navicular, containing many nutant feeds affixed
to the future. ,

Obf. Burf^ pajloris L, Silicula is obcordate and with-
out a margin.

Lhlafpi L Silicula is obcordate with an acute margin,

Campeftre, Mithridate Mtijiard or Bajiard Crefs with
roundifh filiculae, fagittated, dentated and hoary leaves.
In fields and fandy ground. An.

Arvenfe. Lreacle Muftard or Penny Crefs with orbicu-
lated filiXulse, oblong, dentated, fmooth leaves. In fields
but not common. An. June,, July.

Perfoliatum. Perfoliate L reacle Muftard with roundifli
filiculce, cordate, partly ferrated leaves furrounding the
ftalks. in mountainous paftures. Amongtht Stone-pits,
between Whitney and Bur ford, Oxf, On moift limeftone
paftures \nTorkfh, M'^eft. mdi Cumh. An. June,

Hirtum,

t5o TEXRADYNAMIA SILJCULOSA:

'Hirtiim. Teremial Mithridate Muftard with roiundifh,
hairy pods, and die .leaves on the llalks fagittated ’and
rough.. Per. July., .'y.

Montanum. MduntamMithridate'Muftard ‘\v\xh obcor-
date pods, entire fmooth leaves, tliofe at the root cruci-
form and thofe on the Ifalk furrounding it. In the paf-
tures about the Ebbing and Flowing Well., a mile from
Settle in Torkfli. T owar-ds higleborrough and between Mal-
ham and Settle. R. Sy.

Biirfa P aft oris.- Shepherd'* s Purfe with obcordate pods
and the leaves towards the root pinnatifid. An, March^
April,

COCHLEARIA. Scurvy-Grass.

The cup is tetraphyllous, the leaves ovate, hollov/ and
deciduous. The flower is tetrapetalous and cruciform,
the petals are obovate, patent, twice as large as the cup-,
and the ungues are narrow, fliorter than the cup and pa-
tulent. There are fix fubulated filaments the length of
the cup, and two of thefe are fliorter than the reff. The
^ntherse are obtufe and comprefled. The germen is cor-
date, the feyle is fimple, very fliort, and permanent and
the ftigma is obtufe. The filicula is cordate, gibbous,
fljghtly compreiTed, partly emarginated, furniflied with
a flyle, bilocular, fcabrous and has an obtufe margin and
about four feeds in each pouch or pod.

Officinalis., Common or Garden Scurvy-Grafts with roUnd-
ifli radical leaves, thofe on the fbaik are oblong and part-
ly finuated. On the fea fhore frequently. Bien. ‘April.,
May,

Groerdandia, Greenland Scurvy -Grafts with entire, kid-
ney-fhaped leaves. Bien, April, May.

Anglica. Englijh or Sea Scurvy-Grafts with ovato-lan-
ceolated, finuated leaves. On the fea Ibore. Bien. May,

Banica. Banifth Scurvy -Grafts with angulated fpear
fhaped leaves. In the IJle oft Walney, Ban. R. Sy. May,

Corompus, Swine'* s Lreffies with pinnatifid leaves. An,
June — Aug.

Armoracea,

TETKADYNAMIA' SILIQUOSA. 151

Armo^^acid. Horfe Radijh with lanccolated, crenated,

! radical leaves, and thofe on the ftaik cut. Found plen-
tifully about Alnwick and elfewhere in Ncr thumb, R. Sy,
May,

I B E R I S. Rock Cresse.

The cup is tetraphyllous, the leaves obovate, concave,

I patent, fmall, equal and deciduous. The flower is tetra-
petallous and unequal. The petals are obovate, obtufe,
j patent, and the ungues are oblong and eredl, the two
exterior petals are longer than the other two, which are
very fmall and reflex^ The fix filaments are fubulated
: and eredt, two of which are fhorter than the red, having
I roundifli anthers. The germen is round ifli and com-
prefTed, the flyle is fimple and fhort, and the fligma is
! obtufe. The filicula is ere6t, fuborbiculated, compref-
I fed, emarginated, bilocular, and furrounded with an
acute margin-, the diffipimentum is lanceolated, the
[ valves are navicular, or refemble a fhip, comprefTed, and
I keel-lliaped, containing a few fubovate feeds.

' Nudicaulis, Rock Crejfe with finuated leaves, and a fim-
j pie naked ftalk. Near Hampton Court,, Richmond and
I Barnes commons, Mr Doody, R. Sy, Ann, May,

I

S I L I Q^U O S A.

Comprehends fuch as have long Jlender pods^ and fcarcc
any flyle.

D E N T A R I A. Coal-wort.

The cup is tetraphyllous, the leaves ovato-oblong,
convergent, obtufe and deciduous. The flower is tetra-
petalous and cruciform, the petals are roundifh, and ob-
tufe, fcarcely emarginated, plain and ending in ungues,
the length of the cup. There are fix fubulated filaments
the length of the cup, two of which are fhorter than the
Others. The anthers are cordato-obiong and ereft. The

germen

152 .TETRADYNAMIA.SILIQUOSA.

germcn is oblong and the length of the {lamina, the' fly Ic
IS very fhort and thick, the iligma is obtufe and emar-
ginated. The filiqua is long, round, bilocular, with two
valves, the diilepimentum is a little longer than the
valves, and the feeds are numerous and fubovate.

Btilbifcra, Coral bVcrt with.' xht lower leaves pinnate
and thofe towards the fummit fimple. In woody places.
Per. April.

CARD AMINE. Lady’s Smock or Cuckow Flower,

The cup is tetraphyilous, the leaves are ovato-obiong,
obtuie, rather patulent, gibbous, (mail and deciduous.
The fiower is tetrapetalous and cruciform, the petals are
oblongo-ovate, very patent and terminate in eredt ungues
twice as long as the cup. There are fix Tubulated fila-
ments*, the two oppofite ones are twice the length of the
cup, and the reH lomewhat longer. The anthercC are
imall, cordato-oblcng and eredl. The germen is {lender,
cylindraceous, and the length of theilamina, the iligma
is headed and entire. 1 he filiqua is long, compreiftd,
bilocular with two valves and the valves in opening
revolve in the form of a fpire. The feeds are numerous
and roundifh.

Obf. There is one fpecies obferved without thofe
two fmall llamina and another without the petals.

Such as have fimple leaves.

Bellidifclia. Daify leaved Lady’s Smock with fimple,
ovate, entire leaves and very long footflalks. Per. Aprils
May. On St Vincent’s Rock near Briftol. In various
places about Rippon in l^ork/h.

Peircea. Mountain Lady’s Smock with fimple, oblong,
dentated leaves. On the fummit of high mountains.
‘ Per. May.

Such as have pinnated leaves.

Pratenfis. Common Lady’s Smock with pinnated leaves,
and the radical leaves roundifh and thofe on the flalk
lanceolated. Per. April. Amorr.

TETRADYNAMIA SILIQUOSA. 153

Amara, Bitter Crejjes with pinnated leaves, and joints
bearing Ihoots* In meadows and paftures. Per, Aprils
May,

Impatiens, Irapatient hadf s Smock with pinnated
leaves, the fmall leaves lanceolated, and petals foon fal-
ling away. An. April.

Parvifiora, Small flowered Ladfs Smock with pinnated
leaves without flipuls, the fmall leaves are lanceolated
and obtufe. March — May. -

Hirjuta, Hairy Lady's S^nock with pinnated leaves and
flowers with only five flamina. An. April — Aug,

SISYMBRIUM. Water-Cresses.

The cup is tetraphyllous, the leaves are linear, patent,
coloured, diciduous. The flower is tetrapetalous, and
cruciform. The petals are oblong, patent, often lefs
than the cup, with very fmall ungues. There are fix
filaments longer than the cup, the two oppofite ones
being fomewhat fliorter and the anthers are Ample.
The germen is oblong and flender, there is fcarce any
ftyle and the ftigma is obtufe. The filiqua is long,
crooked, gibbous, round, bilocular, and has two valves,
the valves are fnorter than the diflepimentum, and the
feeds are numerous and fmall.

Obf. Sophia has a flower fnorter than the cup, and
a very flender and long filiqua.

RadicuH D. have very fhort gibbons filiqus. ^

Nafturthim, Water Crefles with declining pods, pin-
nate leaves and fubcordate lobes. Per.

Syhcfter. Water Rocket with declining pods, pinnate
leaves, and lanceolated, ferrated lobes. In wet marfhy
places. In Pothil-fleW s^ VAefl. Black’s Spec, Bot, Per,,
June.

Amphihium. Water Radifh with declining, oblongo-
ovate pods, ferrated, pinnatifid leaves. Per. June.

X.

Suck

J54 TETRADYNAMIA SILIQUOSA.

^uch as have a naked Jialk,

Miirale. Wall Rocket with fmooth, ferrato-dentated
leaves, and a naked, fcabrous ftalk. In fandy places-,
found by Mr Lawson in Sella-Jields^ Seahank^ Cumh.
Ter. June.

Irio. Broad leaved Rocket., or Hedge Mujiard with pin-
nato-hahated, dentated, naked leaves, a fmooth ftalk,
and eredt pods. On old walls about London very com-
mon. An. May., yjug.

Sophia. FUx-weed with petals lefs than the cup, and
decompound, pinnate leaves. In rough uncultivated
places. About height on-hall., Lan.

ERYSIMUM. Hedge Mustard.

The cup is tetraphylious, the leaves are ovato-oblong,
connivent, coloured, and deciduous. The flower is te-
trapetalous and cruciform, and the petals are oblong,
plain, with very obtufe apices, the ungues are the length
of the cup and ered. I'here is a double nedariferous
gland fituated between the ftamina. There are fix fila-
ments the length ot the cup, and two are fhorter than
the reft, and all have Ample antherse. The germen is
lineal and tetragonal and the length of the ftamina-, the
ftyle is very fhort, the ftigma is headed, permanent and
fmall. The filiqua is long, linear, narrow, tetragonal,
with two valves and two cells containing many fmall
roundifh feeds.

Oficinale. Hedge Mujiard with the pods of the fpikc
prelied together, and hooked leaves. An. May.

Chenanthoides. Treacle Wormfeed with lanceolated en-
tire leaves. In the IJle of Ely near the city, and near
Afhhurn 111 Derhjh. R. .Sy. An. July.

Barharea. Winter CreJJes or Rocket with leaves fliaped
like a harp, and the outmoft roundifh. Ter. May.

Alliaria. Jack- by -the- Hedge or Savoce-alone with cor-
date leaves. Ter. May.

CHEIRANTHUS.

TETRAD YNAMI A SILIQUOSA. 155

CHEIRANTHUS. Wall-Flower or Wild Cheir.

1 he cup is tetraphyllous and comprefied, the leaves
are lanceolated, concave, eredt, paralielo-connivent, de-
ciduous, and the exterior two are gibbous at the bafe.
The flower is tetrapetalous and cruciform*, the petals
are roundifli, longer than the cup and the ungues the
length of the cup. There are fixlubulated parallel fila-
ments, the length of the cup, and two of them are gib-
bous and fomewhat fliorter. I he antherai are eredt, bi-
fid at the bafe, acute at the a, dees, and reflex. The
nectariferous glandule furrounds the bafe of the lefler
ftamen. 'I'he germen is prifmatical, tetragonal, and the
length of the itamina, marked on both fides with a tu-
bercle; the ftyle is very fhort and compreffed. The fl::g-
ma is oblong, bipartite, reflex, thickifli and permanent.
The filiqua is oblong, compreffed, marked with a denti-
cle, bilocular with two valves. The flyle is very fnort
and has a bifid, eredt ftigma. The feeds are numerous,
pendulous, fubovate, compreffed with a membranaceous
margin,

Cheiri. Wall-Flower or JVild-Cheir with lanceolated,
acute, fmooth leaves, and angulated branches. On old
walls and houfes. Per. April.^ May.

Triciifpidatus. Sea Stock Gilly-tlower with tridentated
pods. On the fea fliore and on the coaft of Cornwal., R.
Sy. June.

H E S P E R I S. Dame’s Violet, Rocket, or
Queen’s Gilly-Flower.

The cup is tetraphyllous, the leaves are lanceolato-li-
near and paralielo-connivent, incumbent at the fummits
and opening below, deciduous, and two are gibbous at
the bafe. The flower is tetrapetalous and cruciform, the
petals are oblong and the length of the cop, and a little
obliquely reflexed to the right, ending in attennuated un-
gues the kngth of the cup. There are fix I'ubulated fi-
laments the length of the tube, two of which are fhort-

X 2 er

156 TETRADYNAMIA SILIQUOSA.

er by half than the reft. The antherae are linear, eredf,'
reflex at the apices. I'he glandule is melliferous, acu-
minated, placed between the ftiorter ftamen and the ger-
men, and then furrounds the fame ftamen. The gerrnen
is the length ot the cup, prifmatical and tetragonal.
There is no ftyle, the ftigma is bipartite, oblong, ered,
bifurcated at the bafe, connivent at the apex and withers
away. The filiqua is long, plain, ftriated, bilocular, with
two valves and the valves are the length of the diftepi-
inentum, containing many ovate comprefled feeds. ^

Matronalis. Unfavory Dames Violet with a fimple
erect ftalk, ovato-lanceolated, denticulated leaves, and
the petals emarginated. On the banks of the rivers
about Daiehead and Grqffmere in IVeJl, Bien, May,

TURRITIS. Tower Mustard.

The cup is tctraphyllous, the leaves are ovato-oblong,
parallello-connivent, and deciduous. The flower is te-
trapetalous and cruciform, the petals are ovato-oblong,
obtufe, ered, entire, with ered ungues. There are fix
ered fubulated filaments, the length of the tube, two of
which are fliorter than the reft, and all the anthers are
fimple. The gerrnen is the length of the flower, round
and partly compreffed, without any ftyle, the ftigma is
obtufe. The filiqua is very long, narrow, tetragonal,
bilocular, with two valves, the valves fcarce equal the
diiTepimentum. The feeds are numerous, roundifhand
emarginated.

Glabra. Great "Tower Mujlard with radical, dentated,
hifpid leaves, and thofe on the flalk are fmooth, entire,
and furrcund tlie ftalk. An. May.

Hirfuta. Hairy Tower Miiftard with all the leaves
hifpid and thofe on the ftalk furround it. Bien. June.

BRAS SIC A. Cabbage.

The cup is tetraphyllous and ered, the leaves are
lanceolated and linear, concavo-canaliculated, gibbous

at

TETRADYNAMIA SILIQJJOSA. 157

at the bafe, ere6l, parallel and deciduous. The flower
is tetrapetalous and cruciform, the petals are fubovate,

1 plain, patent, entire, and vifibly attenuated into ungues
almoft the length of the cup. There are four ovate
nedtariferous glands of which one is placed between the
fhorter ftamen and the piftii, and the other betv/een the
I longer (lamina and the cup. There are fix fubulated
i ereS filaments, and two cf them are the length of the
i cup, and four are longer; the antherai are eredt and a-
cuminated. The germen is round and the length of the
! ftamina, the (lyle is fhort and as thick as the germen, the
; fliigma is headed and entire. The filiqua is long, round-
I illi, depreffed on both fides ; the difiepim.entum is roujid-
ifh, with a prominent apex, is bilocular and has two
valves, the valvules are dorter than the dilfepi men turn.
The feeds are numerous and globofe.

Orientalis. Perfoliate Cahhage^ v/ith fmooth cordate
leaves furrounding the dalk; thofe towards the root are
fcabrous and entire, and the pods tetragonal. An. june.

Olcracea. Sea Calbage with a round, flediy, daiky
root. By Bolton Sand ftdes^ Lan. and at Arnjide- Point.
IPeJi. Bien.

Rapa., Pnrneps with a defhy, deprefied, orbicular
daiky root. Bien. April.

I Napus. Wild Navew with a fufiform daiky root.
Among corn. May.

Erucaftrum. Wild Rocket with dentato-pinnatifid
leaves, a hifpid dalk and fmooth pods. On old v/alls,^
Per. May.

SIN APIS. Mustard.

The cup is tetraphyllous and patent, the leaves are
linear, concavo-canaliculated, cruciform-patent and dc-'
ciduous. The flower is tetrapetalous and cruciform, the
petals are roundifh, plain, patent, and entire; the ungues
are eredl, linear, and fcarcc the length of the cup. There
are four nedariferous, ovate glands of which one is be-
tween the fhort damen and thepidil, and one between the

longer

158 TETRADYNAMIA SILIQUOSA.

longer ftamina and the cup. There are fix Tubulated,
erect, filaments and two of them the length of the cup,
but four are longer, and the antherae are ereClo-patent
and acuminated. The germen is round, the ftyle is the
length of the germen and the height of the ftainina. The
fcigmia is headed and entire. The filiqua is oblong
beneath, torofe, fcabrous and bilocular with two
valves; the dilfeplmentum is commonly twice as long as
the fm all valves, large and comprefTed. The feeds are
numerous and globofe.

Obf. The fmapis differs from the brafilca in having
the patent cup and the ungues of the corolla ered.

jyigra. Common Muftard with fmooth tetragonal pods.
An. "June.

/ilba. White with hifpid pods, and aii oblong

very long beak. An. Aug.

Arvenjfls. Wild Mujiard or Charlock with many an-
gled pods, torofo-turgid and longer than the beak. An.
Jiday,

' R A PH ANUS. Charlock,

The cup is tetraphylicus and erect, the leaves are ob-
long, parallel, connivent, deciduous, and gibbous at the
■ bafe. The flower is tetrapetalous and cruciform. The
petals are obcordate and patent, the ungues are a little
longer than the cup. There are four nedariferous glan-
diiles, one on each fide between the fliort ilamen anti pif-
.til, and one on each fide between the longer ftamina and
Clip. There are fix Tubulated, ered filaments the length
of the cup, and four the length of the ungues of the
corolla and the antheras are fimple. The germen is ob-
/ -long, ventricofe, attenuated, and the length of the fliami-
na, there is fcarce any ftyle, the ftigma is headed and en-
tire. The feedvelTel is gibbous, fmooth, ventricofe and
a little jointed, containing roundifli fmooth feeds.

E.aphanijlrum. White and Yellow flowered Charlock with
round, jointed, fmooth, unilocular pods. An. June., July,

B U N I A S.

TETRADYNAMIA SILIQ^UOSA. 159
B U N I A S. Rocket.

The cup is tetraphyllous, the leaves ovato-oblong,
patent and deciduous. The flower is tetrapetalous and
cruciform, the petals are obovate, twice as long as the
cup, the ungues are attenuated and ere6t. There are fix
fiiaaients the length of tne cup, the two oppofite ones
are fomewhat fhorter, the antherse are ered and bifid at
the bale. T he germen is oblong and Itigma obtufe. Tlie
pod is irregular, ovato-oblong v/’th four angles, one or
other of which is prominent and pointed, containing one
or two round iili feeds.

Cakile, Sea Rocket with ovate, fmooth, two edged
pods. On the fea Ihore. An, June,

I SAT IS. WoAD.

The cup is tetraphyllous, the leaves ovate, patent, co-
loured, and deciduous. The flower is tetrapetalous and
crufitorm •, the petals are oblong, obtufe, patent, and
attenuated into ungues. There are fix eredho-patent
filaments the length of the corolla, two of which are
fliorter than the reft, and the antheras are oblong and
lateral. The germen is oblong, two edged, comprefted,
the length of the fhorter ftamina without any ftyle. The
ftigma is obtufe and headed. The pod is oblong, lan-
ceolated, obtufe, compreflfed, edged, unilocular, with
two valves, the fniall valves are fhapedlike a fhip, com-
prefted, keel fhaped and deciduous. There is but one
ovate feed in the center of the feed veflel,

TinBoria. Woad with the leaves towards the bot-
tom crenated, thofe on the ftalks fagittated with ob-
; long pods. In corn fields and the fides of fields be-
' tween Bath and Brijlol. On the road- fide in Tealand
' Storrs,, and in feveral other places in and about the
Tealands^ Lan, July,

C R A M B E.

i6o TETRADYNAMIA SILIQUOSA'

C R A M B E.

The cup is tetraphyllous, the leaves ovate, chan-
nelled, patent, deciduous. The flower is tetrapetalous,
the petals are large, obtufe, broad, and patent; the
ungues are eredo-patulent, and the length of the cup.
There are fix filaments, two the length of the cup,
and four the length of the bifid apex. The antherse
are Ample on the out branch of the filaments. The
glandule is melliferous within the corolla and the
longer ftaniina. The germen is oblong and the fta-
.mina thickifh. The berry is dry, roundifli, unilo-
cular, and deciduous, containing one roundifli feed.

Obf. Linn. The effential charadleriflic confifls in
the Alaments being biAd at the apices.

Maritima. Sea Colewort with fmooth leaves and
ftalk. On the fea fhore and fandy places. Per, May

C LA S

S XVI.

MONADELPHIA DECANDRIA. i6i

CLASS XVI.

MONADELPHIA.

This clafs is denominated Monadelphia hecaufs the ftamina of
the flowers are Jo interwo-ven as to form one body ; or r ae-
ther lecaufc the jidmina are conncdled or coalefce at the
bottom. The genera, of this clafs ^ were formerly diftinguijh^
edflrom the fruit alone., which not being jciind fiflicient.,
reccmfe was had to the leaves., by many, but Linn/eus
has dijtinguijhed the genera by the cup, which is the prin-^
ciple charackrijiic and fines the genus btyond a dijpute.

The engllfn .plants of this clafs are divided into Decandria
and Polyandria, and firft of

DECANDRIA which comprehends plants with ten

flamina.

G E R A N I U M. Cranesbill.

TH E cup is pentarhyllous, the leaves are ovate,
acute, concave, and permanenr. There arc five
obcordate, often ovate, patent, large petals. I'here are
ten Tubulated filanicnt.-;, patent at the apices, akernateiy
longer, but fliorter than il.e corolla, with verfatile ob-
long anthers. The germen lias live angles ana is beak-
ed; the flyle is Tubulated, longer than the Tcanfina and
permanent, and the five itigmata are rdlex, The fruit
is beaked, the feeds are Toiitary, kidiiey-Thaped, and of-
ten covered with an out coat, the arida or beard is very
long and becomes Tpiral.

y.

Cicuiarium.

i62 monadelphia decandria

Ckutariim. Hemlock-leaved Craneshill with many
flowers on the peduncles, pentaphyllous cups, five fta-
mina in each flower and obtufe, pinnate leaves. By
road- Tides. An. April — June.

Mojchatiim. Mujked Craneshill or Mufeevy with many
flowers on the peduncles, pentaphyllous cups, five fla-
nnna in each flower, pinnate leaves, and pinnatifid coty-
ledons. in the road between Ormffdrk and Liverpool.^

I ientiililly. 1 found it too in Tealand., but not much of
it. i\ bout Old-Hall the feat of Mr Johnson, IVeJi. May.

MeVt itinium. Sea Craneshill with many flowers on the
peduncks, cordate, crenato-incife, viiiofe leaves, and
procurnOefit ftaiks. Aer. June., J'^ly*

Such as have ten fertile fiamina.

Nodofum. linotty Craneshill with two flowers on each
pecuncie; the leaves on the flalks are three lobed, en-
tire and ferrateci, thofe towards the furnmits partly fefTile.
On the mountains of Cumberland, R. Sy. Per. July.,
Aug.

Phaum. Spotted Craneshill with two flowers on each
peduncle, alternate leaves, bearded cups, an eredl ftaik,
and undulated petals. About Clapham and Ingleton,
Torkjh. April, May.

Sylvaticum. N.ountain Craneshill with two flowers on
each peduncle. Tubulated, multifid, ferrated leaves, an
erecl ftaik, and emarginated petals. In the fields of
Lan. Wejl. Per. July, Aug.

Prate7tfe. Crowfoot Craneshill with two flowers on
each peduncle, fubpeltated, multipartite, rugofe, pinnato-
lacirnated, acute leaves, and entire petals. Per. June,
July.

Rohertianum. Herh Robert with two flowers on each
peduncle, and pilofe ten-angled cups. On old walls
moil: frequent. Bien. April, June.

Lucidum. Shining Doves foot Craneshill W\xh two flowers
on each peduncle, anguiated, rugofe cups, and round

five

MONADELPHIA DECANDRIA. i6^

five ]o’ -ed leaves. On houfes, walls, and in iliady places.

June^ July,

Rotundifolium, Round leaved Craneshill with two flowers
on each peduncle, entire petals the kngih of the cup,
a proftrate ilalk, and incife kidney-lhapec. leaves. On
walls and houfes and by hedges. About Bath and Brif-
tol^ between Batterfea and Wanjworth, EIudson. An,
July.

Perenne. Perennial Dovesfoot Craneshill with two
flowers on each peduncle^ the lower leaves are quinque-
partite, multifid, and round, the upper leaves have three
lobes, and an ered: flalk. Per. May — Aug,

Molle, Common Doves foot Craneshill with two flowers
on each peduncle, the floral leaves alternate, a diffuk,
branchy flalk, and cups without any bearas. An. IS/ioy,^
June.

Pufillum, Small flowered Doves foot Craneshill with tv/o
flowers on each peduncle, bifid petals, a . roflrate flaik,
kidney-fhaded, palmated, linear, and acute leaves. A.n.
June, /

Columhinum. Long ftalked Dovesfoot Craneshill with two
flov/ers on each peduncle, quinquepartite-mulcifid leaves ;
acute fegiTients, fmooth cap lilies, and bearded cups.
An, June.

Dijfedlum. Jagged leaved Dovesfoot Craneshill with two
flowers on each peduncle, quinquepartito-rnukifid leaves,
emarginated petals the length of the cup, and viilofe
capfules. An, May — July.

Sanguineum, Bloody Crane shill vjixhont flower on each
peduncle, quinquepartite leaves, trifid and orbiculaied.
Among rocks, and in dry meadows. In Cr ingl'eh arrow -
wood,, Tealand.^ Lan, In Clawthro^ woods near Burt on ^
JPeJl, July^ Aug,

y 2

Poljandriti

i64 MONADELPHIA POLYANDRIA.

P0LT/1NDRTA ccinprehends fuch -as have many
Jlaminay and always more than , twelve*

ALTHiSA, Marshmallow.

The cup is double, the exterior is monophyllous and
divided into nine parts, that; are very narrow and p erma-
nent. The interior is monophyllous, femiquinquifid :
the fegments are bioader, more acute and permanent.
There are five petals united at the bafe-, obcordate and
terminate in unequal, and plain divifions. I'he filaments
are numerous and formed at the bottom in the fnape of
a cylinder; lax at the top, jdaced on the corolla with
antherae fomev/hat kidney-fhaped. The germen is orbi-
culatcd, the iiyle is cylindraceous and fliort. The ftig-
mata are- numerous, briftly and the length of the fcyle.
The arilli form a v/horl about the receptacle which is in
the fnape of a pillar, are deciduous and open internally,
containing; foiitary, kidney-fliaped feeds.

OjJicinalis. Marjiimalkw with fimple woolly leaves.
In inarlhes near the fea. Per. Aiig.

LAVATERA, Sea Tree Mallow.

The cup is double, the exterior is monophyllous, femi-
trifi'd, obrufe, faorrer, and permanent; the interior is
monophyllous, femiquinquifid, more acute, more eredt
and permanent. There are hve obcordate, plain, patent
petals that coalefce at the bafe. I'he hiarnents are nu-
merous, forming a cylinder at the bafe, lax towards
the llimmit and inferted into trie corolla having kidney-
fhaped anthers. The germen is orbicular, the ftyle
cylindraceous and fnorr, the lligmata are numerous from
feven to iourtecn, brdlly, and the length of the iiyle.
The arilii form a deprefled whorl about the columnar
receptacle, are deciduous and open internally, contain-
ing i'olitary kidney ihaped feeds.,

Arhorea. Sea Tree Mallcvo with a flalk like a tree,
woolly, plicated leaves, With feven angles, with pedun-
cles

MOTsTADELPHIA POLYANDRIA. 165

cles thick fet and one flower from the joints. On the
fea flicre. On Hurfi-Ccijlle over agamil the of Wight^
in Portland Ijland. K. Bien. Atig,

M A L V A. Mallow.

The cup is double, the^xterior con frfc^. of three iqaves
that are narrov/, cerd-ate,^ acute^^nd -penTianent, the inte-
: rior is itionophylious, femiquinquiPid, large, broad, per-
' manent. The petals are five which eoaleice at th^ bafe,
i are obcordate. and terminate in unequal divifions^ and
are plain. The 'filaments are numerous and cbalefce in-
i'-.5 a cylinder, lax at the top and inferted into the corol-
I la, having kidney-fhaped andierce. “ The germen is
I orbicular, the flyie cylindracepus and flrort. The flig-
mata are numerous, briftly, and the length of the ftyie.

: The arilli form a depreffed whorl about a columnar
receptacle, are deciduous and open internally, contain-
' ing fblitary kidney-fhaped feeds.

Cbf. Malv<£ T. The leaves are almcil entire and
*j not villofe. '

! Alicea T. The leaves are multiPd and not villofe.

I Sylvejiris, Common Mcllovj with an ered herbaceous,

: ftalk, lobate, obtuie leaves, and both peduncles and
' petioli hairy. Bifn. May — Odi,

j Rotundifolia. -Bwarf Mallcr^v Miih' 2, proflrate flalk,
j cordato-orbiculated leaves, and obfoletely five lobed,

I An. fune — 0^7.

i Parviflo7"a. Small flowered Mallozv with a patulent fcalk,

I angulared leaves, the Rowers at tfie wings of the leaves
I being in chifters., and cups finootli and patent. Found
I at Hithe in Kent. Bien. June.

I Alcea. Vervain Miallow with an erect' fialk, multi-
I partite and rough leaves. In the North of LancaJJiirey
plentifully. July., Aug,

Mo f chat a. Jagged leaved Vervain Mallozv with the
radical leaves kidnty-fiiaped and j^igged, and diofe on
I the ftalk quinqueparcite and pinnaio-m'uii.fid. Bien.
Aug,

CLASS XVII.

i66 DIADELPHIA HEXANDRIA,

CLASS XVIL

DIADELPHIA^

fills clafs comprehends all thofe plants with papilionace-
ous and herniaphrodite fiowers^ and legiuninous feed-
n^ejfels, fills clafs is called diadeiphia, becaufe the
’ Jlamina form two dijmicl dlffimilar bodies or filamentsi
which coalefce at the hafe\ the one /lands above the
pjiil^ and the ether fmrounds it.

HEXANDRIA comprehends fuch as have fix /lamina,

FUMARIA. Fumitory. .

TH E cup is compofed of two equal, lateral, erecl,
acute, fmali deciduous leaves. The flower is
obtong, tubulated, and riiigeii’, the palate is prominent,
covering the faux. The upper lip is plain, obtufe,
emarginated, and reflex. The nedarium is the bafis of
the upper lip, obtufe and prominent behind. The low-
er lip is like the upper in every part, but that the bafe
is keel-lhaped. The nedarium at the bafe of this is
lefs prominent. The faux is tetragonal, obtufe, and
perpendicularly bifid. There are two equally broad fila-
ments, each within each lip, and acuminated. There
are three anthers that terminate each filament. The
germen is oblong, comprefl'ed and acuminated; the ftyle
is ihor-t, the ftigma is orbiculated, ered, and compreflfed.
The fiiicula is unilocular and contains roundifli feeds.

Fumaria,

DI AD EL PHI A OCTANDRIA. 167

Ftmaria O^. has a roundilli filicula, and often has
but one feed and is deciduous.

Oficinalis^ Fumitory with branch}^ feed veflels, that
have but each one feed, and a diffufe ifalk. /in, Apnly
*June.

Capreolata, Ramping Fumitory with branchy feed vef-
fels, each containing one feed, and climbing leaves with
Ihort tendrils. In woods and hedges. An, Aug,

Claviculata, Climbing Fumitory vdth narrow pods, and
leaves with clafpers or tendrils. An, June,

All the Fumitories are to be found in the north of
Lancajhire and fouth of Wejtmorland,

OCFA NDRI A comprehends fuch as have eight Jlamina.

P O L Y G A L A. Milkwort.

The cup confifts of three fmall leaves which are ovate
and acute, of which two are beneath the corolla and one
above it, all being permanent. The flower is of the
papilionaceous kind, and the number of petals is inde-
terminate. The wings are fubovate, plain, large, and
placed on the out-fide of the corolla, and made of the
dents of the cup, and are permanent. The vexillum is
cylindraceous, tubulous and fnort, the brim is reflex,
fmall and bifid. The keel is concave, comprefled and
ventricofe towards the apex. There are eight ftamina
in two bodies included in the keel, terminated by eight
fingle antheriE. The germen is oblong, the ftyle is fim-
ple and ere6t, terminated by a thick bifid ftigma. The
capfule is heart fhaped, compreffed with an acute mar-
gin, which is bilocular and has two valves containing
fingle ovate feeds.

Vulgaris. Milkwort with branching crefted flowers,
fingle, trailing, herbaceous fialks, and linear fpear-fhap-
ed leaves.

The violet and fefli coloured of Boer, the white of
Tourn. the major 01 Jjauh, Pin, and xht myrtle leaved of

Ray,

i63 DIADELP.HIA DECANDRIA.’

Ray, are only varieties and not didind fpecies. All very
common in dry mountainous pafLures. May ^ Jane,

I> E CA N D R I A comprehends fuch as have ten jiamina.
\

S P A R T I U M. Broom.

The cun is monophyllous, cord ato- tubulated with
a very fliort margin at the top, and five fmall indentures,
and coloured. The flower is papilionaceous and has
five petals. The vexiilum is almod heart-ilaaped, large
and wholly reflex. The wings are ovate, oblong, Ihort-
er than the vexiilum and amiexed to the fcamina. The
keel has two petals, is ianceoiated, oblong, longer than
the wings-, the borders are liairy and connected together
into which the ftamina are inferted. There are ten un-
equal ilamina grovdng together and vifibly longer one
than die other, the upperrnoh: is very ihort, the loweft is
divided imo nine parts, and tide aniherae are oblongirh.
TliC germen is oblong and hairy, the ilyie is fubuiated,
to the upper fide on which is annexed an oblong, vii-
loie iligma. I'he legurnen is cylinclraceous, long, obtufe,
and unilocular with two values containing many kid-
ney-ihaped iceds.

Sco'pariwm, Common Broom whh lingle, trifoliate and
angular, unarmed branches. Mry\ June,

G E N I S T A. Green-v/eed.

The cup is rndnopliyilous, fniail, tubulated, and bila-
biated; the upper lip is bidentated and deeper divided;
the lov/er lip is bidentated and nearly equal. The dower
is papilionaceous. The vcxiliurn is acute, and remote
from the keel and the whole is leiiex. The vvino;s are
oblong, lax, and Hrortcr tlian the reft. The keel is
llraio-ht, emar2;inated. and ionner r’lan the vexiilum.
There are ten ftamma joined wliich emerge out ot the
keel, having fiiiipie andierse. The germen is oblong,

with

DIADELPHTA DECANDRIA. 169

\

with a fimple rifing ftyle, and an acute involuted ftig-
Txia. The legumen is roundifh, turgid, unilocular with
two valves, containing fingle kidney-fhaped feeds.

Tin^oria, Green-weed^ Dyer'^s JVeed^ or Wood-waxen
with fmooth lanceolated leaves, round, ered, ftriated
branches. July^ Aug,

Anglica, Needle-furze^ or Petty-whin with Tingle fpines,
flower branches without fpines and fpear-fhaped leaves.
May\ June,

ONONIS. Rest Harrow.

The cup is quinquepartite and almofl: the length of
the corolla; the fegments are linear, acuminated, and
a little arched, the flower being under the keel. The
flower is papilionaceous, the vexillum is cordate, flria-
ted and depreffed on the Tides. The wings are oval and
fliorter by half than the vexillum. The keel is acumi-
nated and commonly longer than the wings. There are
ten filaments growing together, forming an entire Cylin-
der, having fimple antherae. The germen is oblong and
ohairy, the flyie is firnple and the fligma obtufe. The
legumen is like a rhomb, turgid, villofe, uqilocular, with
two valves, containing a few kidney-fhapedTeeds.

Spinofa, Refiharrow or Cammock with fingle flowers
.on the branches, trifoliate leaves and prickly brariches.
In barren paftures. Per. June— Aug.

Arvenfis, Corn Refiharrow or Caynmock with double
,fiOwers oh the branches, trifoliate leaves, and branches
without fpines. Per. July., Aug. . "

Repens. • Creeping Refiharrow v/ixh diffufe il;alks,‘'cre^l;
branches, trifoliate leaves on the flalks, and ovate ilipu-
\x. Near the Tea fhofe. Per. June., July.

A N T H Y L L I S. Kidney-Vetch, or .

Lady’s Finger.

The cup is monophyllous, oblong, a little inflated
and villofe; the brim is divided into five unequal parts

Z. and

170 DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA.

and is permanent. The flower is papilionaceous, the
vexillum is long and reflexed on both fides, and the un-
guis is the length of the cup. There are two oblong
wings fhorter than the vexillum. The keel is comprelfed
and is the length of the wings and like them. There
are ten fllaments that grow togetlier rifing like a bow,
and the ahther^e are Ample. The germen is oblong,
the fcyie is Ample, and the Aigma is obtufe. The legu-
men is roundifli and covered by the cup, made up of
two valves and contains one or two feeds.

Vulncraria. liidncy-Vetck or Lady’s Finger^ The Kid-
ney-Vetch is herbaceous with unequal pinnate leaves, and
double heads of flowers. In dry pafcures. Per, July,

P I S U M. Pea.

The 'cup is monophy lions, quinquifld, acute and per-
manent, and the two upper legments are broader than
the reA. The flower is papilionaceous, the vexillum is
very broad, obcordate, reflexed, emarginated with a
point, the two wings are roundifh, connivent, and fhort-
er than the vexillum. The keel is compreAed and half
moon-fliaped*and fliorterthan the wings. There are ten
Aamflna in two bodies, the upper Angle one is plain and
awl fhaped, the other* nine are cylindrical below the mid-
dle, awl fli’a*ped above, and cut, which are joined together
and have roundifli antheriE. The germen is oblong and
. compreAed, the Ayle is afcendent, triangular, and mem-
branaceous. The Aigma adheres to the upper angle
which is '-oblong and’ villofe. The legurfien is large,
long, roundifli, or rather compreAed with a pointed
apex\ 7s unilocular, and has two valves containing many
globofe feeds. ^ -

M-arinum, Peas with footAalks plain on their upper
fide,' an angular Italic, arrow-iike Aipulm, and footAalks
bearing many flovvers. Found on the Sea fliore. Per,

1 , GROBUS.

DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA. 171

O R O B U S. Wood Pease, or PIeath Pease.

The cup is monophyilous, tubulated, obtufe at the
bafe, oblique at the brim, quinquedentated, and very
fhort; the three inferior denticles are more acute, the
two fiiperior are ihorter, more deep and obtufely divided
and wither away. The flower is papilionaceous, the vex-
illum is obcordate, reflex at the apex and the Tides. The
two wings are oblong and almoft the length of the vex-
illum and bent like a bov/ and are connivent. The
keel is evidently bind, acuminated, rifing like a bow, the
margins are connivent, parallel, comprefled with aven-
tricofe bottom. There are ten (lamina, nine are join-
ed and one feparate with roundifli anther^e, the germen
is cylindrical and comprelfed, the ilyle is (lender, bend-
ed and eredl, the (ligma is linear and downy. The le-
gumen is round, long with a pointed apex, which is
unilocular with two valves containing many roundifli
feeds.

T uberofus, JVoed Peafe or Heath Peafe v/ith lanceola-
ted, pinnate leaves, half arrtw-pointed, and a Ample
ftalk. In meadows and paAures, woods and hedges.
Per, May,

b)ylvaticus, JVood Vetch or Bitter Vetch with branchy,
rough, decumbent ftalks. In woods and hedges. Per.
July.

LATHYRUS. Chickling Vetch.

The cup is monophyilous, femiquinquifid, campanil-
lated, the fegments are lanceolated, and acute; the two
upper ones are (horter and the lower longer. The
flower is papilionaceous. The vexillum is obcordate,
very large, reflex in the Aides and apex. The v/ings are
oblong, lunulated, fliort, and obtule. The keel is in a
half orb, the fize of the wings, but broader and opens
in the middle. There are ten (lamina, nine of them are
joined and one is feparate, and the antherae are roundifli.

Z 2 The

172 DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA.

The germen is comprefied, oblong, and linear. The
flyle is ere6l, plain, broader towards the top, with an
acute apex, and the ftigma is villofe. The legumen is
very long, cylindraceous or comprelTed, acuminated
with two valves, containing many cylindraceous globofe,
or a little angulated feeds.

Crmfon Grafs Vetch with Tingle flowers on
the peduncles. Ample leaves and Tubulated ftipulse.
By the fldes of fields. An. June., J^-b-

Apha.ca, Yellow Vetckling with Tingle flowers on the
peduncles, cirrhi without leaves, and cordate ftipulte.
Among hedges. • An. June., J^^'b-

Hirjutus. Rough codded Chickling Vetch with pedun-
cles bearing two flowers, and tendrils with two leaves,*
and lineari-lanceolated leaves, rough pods, and Tcab-
rous feeds. In corn fields. In Teveral places in EJfex,
Dalet Per. July., Aug. ^

Peduncles that ha.ve 'many flowers.

Latifolius. Broad leaved Peafe-everlajling with many
flowers on the peduncles, ^iphyllous cirrhi, and lanceo-
lated leaves. In woods and hedges. Per. July-

Sylveflris. Narrow leaved Peafe-everlajling with m.any
flowers on the pedungles, diphyllous tendrils, and the
leaves Tnaped like a Tword,. and that part between the
' joints membranaceous. In woods and hedges. About
Rochefser in Kent., between Bath and Brijiol plentifully.
Per., Jul}\ Aug.

Pahiftris. Marfli Chickling Vetch with many flowers
on the peduncles, and many leaves on the tendrils, and
lanceolated fli^ulse. In a wmod near Ahington in Berks.
Bla'ck’s Spec. Bot. Upon the bogs in Charley Forefl.,
near Bardcn-hllf Leicejierfhire. Mr. Pultney. Phil,
Yranf. Per. july-> Aug.

Pratenjis. Yare-everlaflilng or Common Yellow Vetch*
ling with many flowers on the peduncles, very Ample
diphyllous tendrils, and lanceolated leaves. In woods,
hedges, meadows, and paftures. Per. July., Aug.

V I C I A.

DI ADEL PH I A DECANDRIA. iji

V I C l A. Vetch.

The cup is monophyllous, tubulated, ere£l, femlquln.
quifid, acute; the upper divifions are Ihorter and con-
nivent, and all of an equal breadth. The flower is
papilionaceous. The vexiiium is oval, the unguis is
broad and oblong, emarginated at the apex with a point,
reflex at the fides. The two wings are cblong, eredl,
femicordate with an oblong unguis, fliorter than the
vexiiium. The keel is fnorcer than the wings, the tail
is oblong and bipartite, the ventricle is compreflTedly'
orbiculated. There are ten filaments, nine joined
and one Angle, having ered, roundifn, four-furrowed
anthertE. The glandule of the nedLariurn within the
compound ftamen and germen is iliort, acuminated, and
rifes out of the receptacle. The germen is linear, com-
prefled and long; thefliyle is flender, fhort, and rifes to
the eredl angle, the fliigma is obtufe and. bearded under
the apex. ITe legumen is long, ccriaceous, has two
valves, is unilocular and terminated with a point, con-
taining many roundifli feeds.

Cracca. ^ufudVetch many flowers on the pe-
duncles which are imbricated, the leaves are lanceolated
and hairy, and the itipulaj are entire. In woods and
hedges. Fer. July-, Aug.

Syhatica. Tufted fVood Vetch wih. many flov/ers on
the peduncles, oval leaves, and denticulated fdpulae.
In the woods about Greta- Bridge., Tcrkfn. Near K:rkby
Lorfdale Bridge., BVefi. Per. Juh\ Aug.

Sepium., Bufh Vetch with ered pods on partial foot-
flialks, ovate, entire leaves, the exterior ones decreafing.
In woods, hedges, meadows, and paflures. Per. May.

Sativa. Common Vetch, or Tare, with ered pods grow-
ing by pairs, and fitting clofe to the ftalks, blunt lobes
to the leaves and fpotted ftipulse. An. May, June.

Lathyreides. Strangle Tare, or Wild Vetch, with ered^
fmooth, folitary pods, fitting clofe to the fialks, fix lob-
ed and the inferior ones obcordate. In dry pailures,
tfpecially in a fandy foil. An. Mlay.

Lutea^

*74 DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA.

Lutea, Tellcw Vetclf" with reflex, hairy, folitary pods
fitting clofe to the flalks, containing each five feeds, and
the vexillum of the fiower finooth. In meadows and
pailures. An. June^

E R V U M. Tare.

The cup is quinquepartite, alrnofl the length of the
^corolla, the fegments are linear, acuminated, and nearly
equal. The fiower is papilionaceous. The vexillum is
plain and flightly inflexed, roundifh and large. The
the wings are obtufe and fhorter by half than the vexil-
lum. i he keel is fhorter than the wings and acuminat-
ed. The Fdam.ents are in two diflincd: bodies, nine and
one, having fimple anthers. 1 he germen is oblong,
the flyle fimple, the fligma obtufe, and beard lefs. The
legumen is oblong, obtufe, round, and knotty, with pro-
tuberant feeds which are four in number, and alrnofl
round.

Ohf. 1 his differs from the Fkm only in the fliigma.

Solonienfe. Spring ‘Tare with two flowers on peduncles
that have tendrils, acuminated petioli and obtufe lobes
to the leaves. In meadows and paffures, and moreefpe-
oially in chalky ground. On the chalky banks near
Greenhithe in Kent. R. Sy. ' An, April,, May.

T etrafpermum. Smooth "Fare with two flowers on the
peduncles and four globofe feeds. An, June,

Hirfutum, Hairy 'Tare with many flowers on the pe-
duncles, and two globofe feeds. An. June.

O R N I T H O P U S. Bird’s Foot.

The umbel is fimple, the cup is monophyllous and
tubulated, the brim quinquedentated, nearly equal and
permanent. The flower is papilionaceous. The vexil-
lum

* It feems a reafonable conjedlure, to imagine, that the earfy
V<tch s would make a rich and cheap fodder for cattle in the
fpring, if properly cultivated.

DIADELPHIA.DEC ANDRIA. 175

lum is obcordate and entire. The wings are ovatc^
ftralght, and fcarce the fize of the vexilkim. The keel is
compreiTed and fmali. There are ten hlaments, nine and
one with fimple antheras. The germen is linear, the
ftyle is fetaceous and rifing, bends like a bow, the llig-
ma is a point. The legumen is fubulated, round, hiap-
ed like a bow, having many joints conneded together,
but when ripe feparate, each contairi-ing one roundiHi
feed.

- Perpufillus Bird's Foot with pinnate leaves, and pods
fhaped fomewhat like a bow. Per, May — Aug,

HIPPOCREPIS. Tufteo Horse-shoe Vetch^

The umbella is fimple, the cup is monophyllous and
quinquedentated; the two upper denticles are joined and
lefs divided, and the cup is permanent. The dower is
papilionaceous. The vexilkim is cordate, fitting upon
an unguis the length of the cup, the wings are ovato-
oblong and obtufe, the keel is ihaped like the moon and
comprefled. There are ten filaments, nine jointed to--
gether, and one feparate placed under the upper fide
having fimple antherjE. The germen is (lender, oblong,
and ends in a fubulated.ilyle, and has a fimple ftigma.
The pod is membranaceous, very long, and crooked,
and cut into many parts from the under'feam to the
upper, each forming a roundifh finus with obtufe, three
cornered joints, connedted to the upper feam, containing
a fingle oblong feed in each joint, fhaped like a horfe
fhoe.

Comofa. tufted Horfe-Jhoe Vetch with pods growing in
clufters upon foot-ftalks, whofe outer border is turned
inward. In chalky foil. On the chalky grounds about
Gogmagog-hills and elfewhere in Camh, Alfo on the nor-
thern mountains. R. Sy^ On the ledge of the fear, all
the way between Scout-Jlyle and Ploneybee-yaiey two mik^s
ixom Kendaly JVeJi. Wilson’s*^’. July*

HED YSARUM.

^76 DIADELPHlA DECANDRIA.

HEDYSARUM. St Foin or Cock’s Head.

The cup is monophyllous, femiquinquifid, the feg-
merits are fubulated, ere6b, and permanervc. The flower
is papilionaceous and ftriated. The vcxilium is reflexor
compreflred,‘Ovato-oblong, emarginated and long. The
wings are oblong, narrower than the refl: and ilraighc.
The 'keel is ftraight, comprefiied, broader at the end, and
bifkl from the bafe to the gibbous point. There are
ten filaments in tv/o feparate bodies, nine and one, bend-
ing tov/ards the right angle, having. roundifli, compref-
fed'antherae. The germen is flender, compreffed, and
linear, the ftyle is fubulated, and bended as the flamina,
and the iligma is Ample. The fruit is a jointed, com-
preflfed, roundifh pod, formed of two valves and inclo-
fes a Angle, kidney-fhaped feed.

Onohrychh. Foin pr CocFs Head with pinnate
leaves, prickly pods having, each one feed, and the wings
of the flov/er fhorter than the cups and an elongated
ftalk. In P eckhayn-fields . July*

. The French Honey Suckles are all of them of this genu^
according to Linn^sus. , ; .

ASTRAGALUS. Wild Liquorice.

The cup As monophyilou.s, tubulated, quinquedenta-
ted, and acute; the dower denticles are gradyaliy lefs>
The flower is papilionaceous. The vexilium is longer
than the reft, reflexed at the fldes. and emarginated,
obtufe and flraight. The wings are oblong and fhorter
than the vexiilum, ' the keel is the length of the wings
and emarginated. d'he Aiaments are nine and one, and
almoA ftraight, having rbundifli. antherae. The germen
is roundifh, the ftyle is fubulated and concealed under
one Ade, the ftigma is obtufe. The pod is bilocular
and the cells more inclined to one Ade and contain kid-
ney-fhaped feeds* .

Glycyphyllos^ IVild Liquorice or Liquorice Vetch with
proftra^ ftaiks, triquetrous pods bending like a bow,

and

DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA. 177

and oval leaves longer than the peduncle. Near
mel-PVcU, Lan. Per. June., July.

Arenarius. Purple Mountain Milkwort with procum-
bent ftalks, branchy, ered flowers, and dov/ny leaves.
In meadows and Tandy pailiires. On Gogmagog-hill.,
Newmarket-heathy Royston-heath. R. Sy, June^ July.

TRI FOLIUM. Trefoil.

The umbelluia is often a fmall head in a common
receptacle. The cup is monophyllous, tubulated,^ quin-
quedentated and permanent. The flower is papilionace-
ous, commonly permanent and withers in the cup. The
vexillum is reflexed, the v/ings are fliorter than the vex-
illum, and the keel is fliorter than the wings. The fi-
laments are diadelphous, nine and one, terminated by
Ample antheras. The germen is partly ovate, the ftyle
is Tubulated and concealed under the upper fide, the
fligma is fimple. The legumen is fliort with one valve
and deciduous, containing but few roundifli feeds.

Officinalis. Common Melilot with long naked branches
of pods, containing two feeds, and an eredl ftalk. About
Fouljhaw-houfe not far from Millthrop^ JVeJi. Bien. June^
July.

Ornitliopoides. Bird’s Foot Frefoil with naked pods
containing eight feeds, tv/ice as long as the cup, and
declining ftalks. In Lndy paftures. An. June.

Repens. White Trefoil or Butch Clover with little
heads, pods v/ith-four feeds, and a creeping ftalk.
Per. May — 0/7.

Hyhridum. This is only a variety, and differs in the
ftalk which is adfeendens, i. e. has the branches turned
back. Per. May — 0/7.

Ochroleucon. Tellow flowered T ref oil with globofe fpikes,
monopetalous flowers, the ioweft dent of the cup being
very long and eredt, and the leaves on the ftalk rough.
In meadows ana dry paftures. Bien. May^ June.

Pratenje. Purple Honey Suckle Trefoil Clover with

A a fpikes

r/8 DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA;

fpikes fomewhat hairy and furrounded with membrana-
nactous ^lipul^e, and monapetalous flowers. Per. May
—0^7.

Medium. Long leaved Purple ’Trefoil with terminatory,
hairv, globole fpikes and monopetalous flowers, the
lobes or the leaves being lanceoiated and entire, and the
feaik ered. Per. July.

Mariiimum. T eajcl headed Trefoil v/ith hairy globofe
fpikes, equal patulent cups, a flaik with the branches
turned back, and the lobes of the leaves fliaped like a
wedge and hairy. On niarflies. Obferved by Dr John-
son in Dartford Salimarjh. Found by Mr Hudson at
Lighe and at Little-Plclland in EJjex. Near Brijiol plen-
tifully. Juy.

Arverfe. Hards Foot Trefoil with oval hairy fpikes,
and the dents of the cup equal and briftly. An. July.^
Aug.

Striatum. Knotted Trefoil with ovate, lateral, feflile,
little heads, and round, llriated cups. An. June.

Glomeratum. Round headedTrefoil with globofe, feflilc
heads, and hairy, equal, patulent cups. In fandy paf-
tures. I found it on Blackheath. An. June.

Scahnim. Oval headed Trefoil w'ith ovate, feflile, little
heads, and unequal hairy cups. In xh^Afe of dhepey.
An. June.

- Suhterraneim. Dwarf Trefoil with hairy heads and
five flowers; the central invoiucrum is reflexed, rigid,
and furrounds the fruit. About Lemdon plentifully.
May.

Fragiferum. Strawberry Trefoil with roundifh heads,
inflated, bidentated, reflexed cups, and creeping llalks
Per. Aug.

Such as have the vexillum of the corolla reflex.

Agrariiini. Hop Trefoil with oval, imbricated fpikes,
permanent vexilla, naked cups, and an ered ftalk. An.
, Jutte.

Procumbens.

D I ADEL PHI A D’ECANDRIA. 17$

Procumhens, Decumbent trefoil with imbricated, oval
fpikes, deflex, permanent vexilla, and procumbent ftalks.
Per, JunCy Aug,

Filiforme, Small FS refoil with fpikes fomewhat imbri-
cated, permanent vexiiia bended backwards, and cups
upon footflalks, and trailing or procumbent ftalks.
An, May,, June.

LOTUS. Bird’s Foot Trefoil.

The umbellula is Ample. The cup is monophyllons,
round, permanent, and cut into five acute, equal, and
cred; parts. The flower is papilionaceous. The vexii-
ium is roundifn, bended backwards, and the unguis is
bended backward and is concave. T'ke wings are round-
ifli, lltorter than the vexilliim, broad and connivent.
The keel is gibbous beneath, fliut at the fummit, acu-
minated and rifes a little. There are ten (lamina, nine
joined and one feparate that rife up and have broadifh
tops and fmall anthers. The germen is round and
oblong, the (lyle rifes up, and the iligma is an indexed
point. The pod is cylindraceous, very ftraight, feufied,
longer than the cup, has many cells and two valves
containing many cylindrical feeds.

Corniculata. Bird's Foot Frefoil with deprefied heads,
decumbent ftalks, and patent, cylindrical pods. Per,
June — Aug,

I'he four others, mentioned by authors, are only
varieties and not diftindt fpecies.

MEDICAGO. Snail Trefoil.

The cup is monophyllons, ftraight, femiquinquifid,
acute, and equal, llie flower is papilionaceous, The
vexillum is ovate, entire, with indexed margins, and tlte
whole is reflexed. The wings are ovato-oblong, alfixed
to the keel by an appendix, and the fides are connivent
under the keel. The keel is oblong, bifid, patent, ob-
tvife. The filaments arediadelphous and coalefce almoft

A a 2 to

i8o DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA.

to the fummits, having fmall antlierae, • The germen
fits upon a ftyle, is oblong, incurved, coniprefled, wrap-
ped up in the filaments, and arifes out of the keel-,- the
vexiilum is reflex, and ends in a fhort Tubulated ftyle
almoft ftraight, and the ftigma is very fmall. The pod
is comprefTcd, long and indexed, containing many kid-
ney-fliaped or angulated feeds.

Falcata, Yellow Medick with branching foot-ftalks,
pods Ihaped like the moon, and a proftrate ftalk. July*

Saliva, Lucern with branching foot-ftalks, contort-
ed pods, and a fmooth, ered ftalk. Per. june^ July.

Lttpulina. Melilot Yrefoil with oval fpikes, kidney-
ftiaped pods with fingle feeds, and a procumbent ftalk.
In Tandy meadows and paftures. Aii. May — Aug.

Arahlca. Heart Yrefoil or Clover with branching foot-
ftalks, fpiny, fnail-fhaped pods, and a diffufe ftalk^
Muy*

CLASS XVIII.

POLYADELPHIA POLYANDRIA, iSi

CLASS xvm.

POLYADELPHIA.

^his clafs comprehends fuch plants as have hermaphrodite
flowers^ and many difiinU bodies of Jiamina, We have
only one genus of englilli plants belonging to this clafs^
namely^ the Hypericum which is of the Polyadelphia
Polyandria,

FIYPERICUM. ' St John’s Wort.

The cup is divided into four ovate, concave,
perrnanent fegments. The flower confifts ot
five obiong-ovate, obtufe, patent petals, marked with
dots according to the motion of the fun. The
filaments are numerous, capillary, and unite at the
bafe into five or three diftindl bodies, having fmall
antheras. The germen is roundifn. There are three
(fometimes one, two, five) Ample flyles that (land off
each other, and the length of the ilamina with Am-
ple ftigmata. The capfule is roundifh, having as
many cells as there are ftyles, containing many ob-
long feeds.

Perforatum, St John^s Wort with three fiyles to
the flowers, a two edged fialk, obtufe leaves with
pellucid fpots. In thickets and hedges. Per, July,

Humifufum,

i82 polyadelphia polyandria.

Humifufum. trailing St John^s Wort with three
ftyles to the flowers, which are folitary and arife
from the wings of the leaves, flender, two edged
ftalks, and fmooth leaves. Per. July.

Pulchrum. Upright St John's Wort^^ with three Ryles
to the flowers, glandulous cups,' fmooth, cordate
leaves, entire bra6'te^, and a round flalk. Per. July,

Andreftmum. 'J'utfan or Park-leaves with three fcyles
to the dowers, fruit like berries, and a two edged,
fhrubby flalk. Per. July. " f

’ Montanuyn. Imperforate St Johrls Wort with three
flyles to the dowers, ferrato-glandulous cups, an ere6t
flalk and ovate fmooth leaves. In woods and thick-
ets. Pey . July.

, Hirfutum Tut fait or Hairy St Johrls Wort with
^ three flyles to the flowers, ferrato-glandulous cups,
an ere6l flialk, and ovate hairy leaves. Per. July.

Qiiadranguluri. St PetePs Wort with three flyles to
the dowers, and an herbaceous fquare flalk. Per.
July^

Elcdes. Marjh St PeiePs Wort with, three Ryles to
the dowers, downy, round' leaves^ and a creeping
flalk. In Sherley- common between Croydon and Wick^
kayyi. On Hampftead-heath. Hudson. Per. July.

class XIX.

S Y N G E N E S I A. 1S3

C L ^ S S XIX.

SYNGE N ESI A.

This dafs is denotninated Syngenefia, hecnufe the Jiamina in
theje plants grew together^ or are formed into a fngle
regular congeries, The general charadlers of this dafs
are: The cup is the crown of the feeds ^ and fiands on the
fummit of the germen,,and the compound flowers are very va-
rious^ in regard to the nature of the flcjcules. i . Some are
compofed cftuhulofe, hermaphrodite flowers in the difn, and
cf the fame fort of tuhulofe hermaphrodite flozvers in the
radius, 2. Others are compofed of tuhulofe hermaphrodite
flozvers in the difa,, and of tubulcfe female flowers in the
radius, 3* Some are coiripofed of tuhulofe hermaphrodite
dowers in the difk,, and of tuhulofe neutral flozvers in the
radius, 4. Some have tuhulofe hermaphrodite flowers in
the difk^ and ligulated hermaphrodite flozvers in the radius,
5. Some are compofed ofl hermaphrodite flowers in the dif\
and ofl ligulated female flowers in the radius, 6, Some

/ are compofed ofl tuhulo fe hermaphrodite flowers in the difa^
and ligulated neutral flowers in the radius. 7. Some are
compofed of tuhulofe hermaphrodite flowers in the difk,, and
cf naked and neutral flozvers in the radius : /md 8. Some
are compofed of ligulated female flowers in the dijk,, and li-
gulated hermaphrodite flowers in radius,

Theflamina are five very fhort fender f laments, infer t ed intc^
the tube of the flowers. The anther je are of the fame
numher with theflamina, they are /tender, eredi and grow
together at their fldes, fb as to form a tubular, cylindrical
body of tne length of the mouth of the flower, and divided
into five fegments at the edge, Thegermen of the piftil is
oblong, and placed under the receptacle ofl the flozver. The
flyle is capillary, eredi, and ofl the length of the (lamina;^

and

lU SYNGENESIA POLYGAMIA ^EQUALIS.

and goes through the cylinder formed by the anthers, ^he
fiigma is divided into two 'parts ^ which ft and open and
bend backwards,

^hefe plants have properly no pericarpium^ thd" in forne few
f pecks there is a coreaceous cruft placed about the feed,
khe feed is fingle and oblongs often of a quadrangular
figure., and fomelimes narrower at the bafe than any other
part. However in dijferent genera cf this clafs they are
cf a very different appearance at the ends-, fane are crown-
ed with a downy matter., compefed of a great number of
fingle fhort filaments placed circularly, or otherwife, on the
head of the feed. In fome the downy matter is radiated,
in others it is ramofe or branched, and in fome it is fup-
ported on a pedicle, while in others it ftands immediately on
the feed. In feme genera, the feeds have no down at all,
hut have a fmall corona formed cf what was originally the
cup cf the flower. Hhis is permanent, and divided ufu-
ally into five fegments. In fome the feed is wholly naked,
having neither any down, nor this crown of a cup.

*This clafs is divided from the fruffification into

P O L Y G A M I A Al QU A L I S,

SUPERFLUA,

Frustranea,
Necessaria,
SegPvEgata, and
Syngenesia Monogamia.

SYNGENESIA POLTGAMIA JE^ALIS
miprehends fuch plants as have compound flowers, of which
the florets are all hermaphrodite.

TRAGOPQGON. Goat’s Bea^id.

The common cup is fimple, and formed of eight
acute pointed, equal petals, joined at the bafe.
The compound flower is imbricated and uniform; the
hermaphrodite florets are numerous, and the exterior

one®

SYNGENESIA POLYGAMIA J^IQUALIS.

ones fomewhat longer. The proper flower confifts of a
fingle, liguiated, truncated petal, indented into five parts.
There are five very fliort capillary filaments, with cylin-
draceous, tubuiofe anthera^. The germen is oblongs
the flyle thread-like and of the length of the ftamina,
with two revolving fligmata. The cup is connivent,
acuminated, the length of the feed, f wells to a belly^
and contains many oblong, angular, rough feeds, llen-
der at both ends, and has feathery down. The pappus
is feathery, plain, with about thirty two rays. The re-
ceptacle is naked, plain, and rough.

Pratenfe. TeUow Goal's Beard with an empalement
equal to the rays of the flower, and entire clofed leaves.
Common in meadows and paflures. Bien. June,

Porrifolium, Purple Goaf s Beard with cups longer than
the ray.of the flower, entire naked leaves, and footflalks
thicker at the upper part. In meadows and paftures.
In many places of Cornwall, Dr Gunthrop. In the
fields about Rofe-Cajiie and Carlijle, R. ^y. In fome
meadows near Edmunlon, Mr Hurlock. Black’s Spec,
Bot, In the marfhes near Long-Reach below Woolwich,
Mr Jervis. Bien, June,

P I C R I S.

The common cup is double; the exterior is very large
and confifts of five leaves, vdiich are cordate, plain, lax,
and connivent. The interior is imbricated and ovate.
The compound flower is imbricated and uniform, and
the fmall hermaphrodite flowers are numerous. Tlie
proper flower is monopetalous, liguiated, linear, trun-
cated, and quinquedentated. There are four flender
and very fhort filaments, and the antherse are cylindra-
ceous and tubuiofe. The germen is fomewhat ov^ate,
the ftyle is the length of the llamina, with two reflex
fligmata. The feeds are folitary, ventricofe, and obtufe,
and the pappus is plumofe.

Bb,

Echioides,

1 86 SYNGENESIA POLYGAMIA ^EQUALIS.

Echioides, Ox^s "Tongue with cups furrounded with z
large involucriun. An. July., Aug.

liieracioides. Tellow Succory., or Rough Hawkweed with
imbricated cups. An. July.

S O N C H U S. Sow-thistle.'

The common cup is gibbons with rq^ny linear, un-
equal Icales. The compound flower is imbricated and
uniform, the fmall hermaphrodite flowers are numerous
and equal. The proper flower is monopetalous, ligu-
lated, linear, truncated, and quinquedentared. There
are five capillary and very fliort itamina, with a cylin-
draceous, tubulofe anthera. The germen is fub-ovate,
the feyle like thread, of the length of the fbamina, hav-
ing tv/o reflex ftigmata. The cup is the feed veflel
which is connivent in the form of a deprelTed, acumina-
ted globe, containing folitary, oblong ieeds. 1 he pap-
pus is hairy.

Okraceus. Common Sow-TAftle with downy pedun-
cles and rough cups. 1 found it in company with John
Benson, Efq. and others among the ruins of Furnefs
Abbey. In rough uncultivated places. An. June—
Aug.

Arvcnfis. Iree Sow Thiftle with prickly peduncles
and cups which are lomewhat in an umbel, and heart-
Ihaped leaves towards the bafe. Fer. Aug.

Palufms., Marjli Sow Thijile with prickly peduncles
and cups v/hich are fomewhat in an umbel, and the
leaves ihaped like an arrow at the bafe. Found on the
banks of the river Thames, not far from Greenwich and
about Blackwall. R. Sy. Per. Aug.

L A C T U C A. Lettuce.

The common cup is imbricated and fomiewhat cylin-
drical, with many acumdnated valves. The compound
flower is imbricated and uniforfti, the hermaphrodite flo-
rets are many and equal. The proper flower is mono-
petalous,

SYNGENESIA POLYGAMIA ^QUALIS. itj

petalous, ligulated, and truncated. There are five very
fhort capillary filaments with a cylindraceous, tubuloie
anthera. The germen is partly oval, the ftyle flender
and the length of the ftamina, the fcigmata are two and
reflex. The cup is connivent and ovato-cylindraceous,
and contains folIt;ary, ovate, acuminated, com.prefied
feeds. The pappus is hairy. The flipes is long and
attenuated on the lower part.

. Virofa, Strong-fcented wild Lettuce v/ith vertical lea ves
and a ftrong fcent. In hedges and the Tides of fields.
Bien. July\ Aug,

Saligna, Lhe leafi Wild Lettuce with haflato- linear
leaves and the lower ones dented. Or Lettuce v/ith the
radical leaves linear and pinnate, and the fegments dent-
ed. Found on chalky ground. An, Aug,

PRENANTHES. Ivy-leaved Wild Lettuce.

The common cup has a fmall cup added, is cylindra-
ceous and fmooth, and the fcales are the number of the
florets, but there are often a few very fnort unequal ones
at the bafe. The compound flower is from the fimpie
orb of the flofculi. The hermaphrodite flowers are from
five to eight, placed in a firnple orb. The proper fower
is monopetaloLis, ligulated, truncated, quadridentated.
There are five very fhort capillary filaments, with cylin-
draceous, tubulofe anthers. The germen is fomewhat
ovate, the ftyle {lender and longer than the ftamina, the
ftigma is bifid and reflex. The cup is cylindraceous
and (lightly connivent, containing folitary, cordate feeds.
The pappus is pilofe.

Mur alls. Ivy -leaved V/ild Lettuce \Nixh five flofculi
and lyrato-hafliated leaves. Jtily.

Wild Lettuce a yellow flower, R. Sy, -pa, 162.

LEONTODON, Dandelion,

The common cup is imbricated and oblong; the in-
terior fcales arc linear, parallel, equal; the exterior arc

B b 2 fewxr

iS8 SYNGENESIA POL YG AMI A .EQUALIS.

fewer in number and often reflex at the bafe. The com-
pound flower is imbricated and uniform ; the herma-
phrodite florets are numerous and equal. The proper
flower is monopetalous, ligulated, linear, truncated, and
quinquedentated. The five filaments are very fliort and
flender, with cylindraceous, tubulofe anthers. The ger-
men is partly ovate, tiie ilyle is flender and the length
of the corolla, the two fligmata are bended back. 1 here
is no feed veflel, but the cup is oblong and ftraight.
The feeds are folitary, oblong and fcabrous. The down'
is plumofe.

tT araxacum. Dandelion with the cup at the bottom
reflex. The Dandelion with a narrower leaf of Bauhin,
and the Mountain Dandelion with a narrov/ leaf of Ray,
are only varieties. In meadows and pafuires. Per,
April — June,

Hifptdum. Rough Dandelion with an eredl rough cup,
rjnugh dentated, entire leaves, and forked briftles. May^
June,

Autimnale, Tellozv DeviVs Bit with fmooth dented,
entire leaves, eredi; cups, and fquamofe peduncles. Per.
Aug.

H I E R A C I U M. EIawkweed.

The common cup is imbricated and cylindrical with
many linear and very unequal fcales that are longitudi-
nal, and one upon the other. The compound flower is
imbricated and uniform; the hermaphrodite flowers are
numerous and equal. The proper flower is monopeta-
lous, ligulated, linear, truncated, and quinquedentated.
The filaments are five, flender and very fhort, with cy-
lindraceous, tubulofe antherte. The germen is partly
o\^ate, the flyle is flender and the length of the framina,
havino; two fligmata bended backwards. The feeds are
folitary, cbtufely tetragonal, and fliort: The pappus is
piiofe.

Alpinum. Mountain Hawkweed with oblong, entire,

dented

SYNGENESIA POLYGAMIA.^QUALIS,

dented leaves, a naked ftalk, widi one.dower, and a hai-
ry cup. Per, July-

* Piiofella. Common Creeping Moufe-ear with entire,
ovate leaves, downy underneath, and a creeping ftalk.
din. May,

Such as have a naked ftetn and many flowers.

Vuhium, Moufe-ear. llawkweed with entire, ovato-ob-
long leaves, creeping fnoots and a naked item with
many flowers. Common on dry limefcone paftures. An.
July,, Aug, . . ’ .

Auricula, Narrow-leaved. llawkweed with entire, lan-
ceolated leaves, a naked item with many flowers. Im
mountainous paftures near Dalehead not far from Grafs-
mere,, JVefl,

Such as have leafy ftalks,

Murorum, French or Golden lungwort wi tn a branchy'
- ftalk, radical, ovate, dented leaves. In woods and on
old walls. On the rocks by the rivulet between Shap
and Anna Weil,, W'eft,

Paludofum, Succory-leaved llawkweed with a panicula-
ted {talk, fmooth dented leaves furrounding the ftalk,
and rough cups. By Buckb arrow -well in Longsleddale fix
miles from IVeft, Wilson’s Sy, Bien. July, Aug.

Sahaudum, Broad leaved hifhy llawkweed with an eredt
ftalk, bearing many flowers, ovato-lanceolated, dented
leaves, half furrounding the ftalk. About Hampftead
and Highgate near London, About Kendal, E^eft, Wil-
son’s Sy,

The Smooth leaved is only a variety, and is found near
Hullswater, kFeft, Per. July, Aug,

Umbellatum. Narrow leaved bufhy llawkweed with
linear leaves fomewhat dented and flowers in umbels.
Per. Jtilyy Aug.

C R E P 1 S..

430 SYNGENESIA POLYGAMIA iEQUALIS, .

CREPrS. Bastard Hawkwezd.

^ The common cup is double, the exterior one is very
Siort, open, and deciduQUS*, the interior is oyate, fimple,
furrowed, and permanent, with narrow, connivent Icaies^
The compound flower is imbricated and uniform, with
many equal hermaphrodite florets.*, the proper flower is
monopetalous, ligulated, linear, truncated, and quinque-
dehtated. There are five flender and very iliort fila-
ments, with a cylindraceous, tubulofe anthera. The
germen is fomewhat oval, the fliyle flender and of the
length of the flamina, with tw'o reflex ftigmata. There
is no feed veffel, but the cup becomes roundifh and con-
tains Angle oblong feeds, crowned v/ith a long feathery
down, and flands upon a little Toot-flalk within the*
cup. The receptacle is naked.

TeBorwn. Zmooth Succory HawItTveed with lanceolated
fagittated feiTile,.fmocth leaves and the lower ones dent-
ed. Common in meadows and pafeures, and on old
walls. Ait. June — 0^.

: Biennis. Rough Succory Ila-zvk-weed \w\th pinnato-hafha-
ted rough leaves, the flower leaves being indented up-'
wards, and the cups prickly. Bie?r. July — 0^.

. Fcetida. Stinking Hawkweed with pinnated, angulated
Ipaves, and the foot-fcalks dented. Bim. June^ July.

H Y O S E R I S. Swine’s Succory.

The common cup cenfifls of ten leaves, the fcales
are lanceolated, erect, equal, calyculated at the bafe
with many fliort fcales. The proper one is quinquepar-
tite, very fliort, acute, permanent. The compound
flower is fomewhat imbricated and uniform, the herma-
phrodite florets are difpofed in an orb. The proper
flower is monopetalous, ligulated, linear, truncated,
quinquedentated. There are five, very fhort, flender
filaments, with cylindraceous, tubulofe anther;^. The
germen is fomewhat ©blong, the ftyle flender and the

length

SYNGENESIA POLYGAMIA ^QUALIS.

length of the (lamina, with tv/o reflex ftigmata. There
is feed-veffel, but the common cup is ftraight and
contains Angle, oblonglfli, comprelTed feeds, the length
of the cup.

Minima, Small Szmne's Succory with a naked, divid-
ed (talk. In gravelly foil. About Hampton Court plen-
tifully. D. Doody. it Sy. In a fand-pit on the right-
hand going to the duke of Argyle’s at Peter/ham^
'Surry. Dr VValmer. In the common Aelds at JValtJmm-
Jlow., EJfex. Dr Watson. In Tuddington-field near
Hampton-Court. Blacfi’s Spec, Bot, An. May^ june.

H Y P O C H 7E R I S.

The common cup is roundlfh, imbricated, and ven-
tricofe at the bafe; the fcales are lanceolated and acute.
The compound flower is imbricated and uniform, the
hermaphrodite florets are numerous and equal. The
proper one is monopetalous, ligulated, linear, truncated,
and quinquedentated. The five filam.ents are flender
and very fhort, having cylindraceous, tubulofe anthers.
The germien is ovate, the fryle flender, and the length
of tlie (lamina, and the ftigmata are reflex. There is
no feed veffel, but the cup is connivent and globofely
acuminated, containing oblong, folitary feeds. I'he
down is feathery and (lands upon a little foot-ftalk
within the cup. The receptacle is paleaceous and the
palete are linear and the length of the feeds.

Radicata. hong Rooted Hazvkweed with dentato-finu-
ated fcabrous lea es, a branched, naked ftalk, and fqua-
mous peduncles. In meadows and paftures. Per. May
.-July.

Mccuhta. Spotted Hawkweed with a ftalk almoft
naked, folitary branch, oblcng, entire, dented leaves.
On the banks of the DeviPs Ditch near Reeke not far
from Newmarket., R. Sy. Alfo on Bernuhheath, North’-
dmptonjh. Per. July.

Glabra. Smooth Hawkweed with oblong, imbricated

cups

SYNGENESIA POLYGAMIA iEQUALIS,

cups, a naked ftalk, and dentato-finnated leaves. About
BriJtoL Near Aliddleton in Warwickjh, R. Sy, Bien,
July.

L A P S A N A. Nipplewort.

The common cup has another fmall cup, and is ovate
,and angulated; there are eight equal, linear, channelled,
keel-lhaped, acute fcales of the tube, fix at the bafe,
imbricated, fmall and alternately lefs. The compound
flower is imbricated and uniform; the hermaphrodite
florets are equal and about fixteen in 'number. The
proper flower is monopetaious, liguiated, truncated, and
quinqnedentated. There are five flender and very fiiort
filaments with cylindraceons, tubulofe antherse. The
germen is fomewhat oblong, the fiyle flender, and the
length of theilamina; the iligma is bifid and reflex.
There is no feed velfei. The fcales of the tube of the
cup furround the adjoining feeds which are Angle and
oblong.

Communis. Nipplewort with the cups of the fruit
angulated, the peduncles flender and very branchy. In
hedges and among limeflone rocks. An, June^ July.

C I C H O R I U hi. Succory.

The common cup is calyculated and cylindraceons;
the eight fcales are lanceolated, equal, forming a cylin-
der, five are incumbent and fnorter. The compound
flow^er is plain and uniform. The hermaplirodite florets
are twenty and placed in an orb. The proper flower is
monopetaious, liguiated, truncated, and deeply quinque-
dentated. There are five capillary and very fhort fila-
ments, with cylindraceons pentagonal, tubulofe anthers.
The germen is oblong, the ftyie thread-like, and the
length ot the (lamina, with two feigmata turned back.
There is no feed veffel, but the cup is cyiindraceous
and connivent in the apex, having foiitary, comprefled
feeds wfidi acute angles.

Intylus.

SYNGENESIA POLYGAMIA ^QUALIS. 193

Intyhus, JVild Succory with a fingle ftalk, and indent-
ed, fmuated leaves, and commonly blue flowers. July^
Aug.

ARCTIUM. Burdock or Clotburr.^

The common cup is globofe and imbricated; the
fcales are lanceolated and end in long fubulated awns,
in the points fhaped like a hook. The compound
flower is tubulated and uniform, the hermaphrodite flo-
rets are equal. The proper flower is monopetaloiis and
tubulated, the tube is flender and long, the limb is oval
and quinquifld, the fegments are linear and equal. There
are five capillary and very fliort filaments. The anthe-
ra is cylindraceous, tubtilofe, the length of the corolla,
and quinquedentated. The genmen is oblong with a
viilofe apex, the (tyie is flender and longer than the (la-
mina and the fllgma is bifid and reflex. There is no
feed-veiTel but the cup is connivent and contains'fingle,
pyramidal, and angular feeds.

Lappa, Burdock or Clothurr v/ith heart-fliaped leaves
without prickles on foot-fialks. Bien, July,, Aug,

The four or five fpecies, of other authors, are only-
varieties, and not diflind fpecies according to Linn^^ius*

SERRATULA. Saw-wort.'

The common cup is oblong, cylindraceous, and im-
bricated v/ith lanceolated, acute, beardlcfs fcales. The
compound flower is tubulofe and uniform ; the herma-
phrodite florets are equal. The proper flower is mono-
petalous and infundibuliform; the tube is inflex, the
limb is ventricofe and quinquifld. The filaments are
five, flender and Ihort, and the antherae cylindraceous
and tubulofe. The germ.en is oval, the flyle flender,
and the length of the (lamina, having two oblong, reflex
ftigmata. The feeds are Angle, fomewhat ovate, having
fometimes plumofe, fometimes pilofe down.

C c. L'inBcrici.

194 SYNGENESIA POLYGAMIA ^QUALIS.

- "TinBoria, Saw-wort with pinnatifid leaves, and the
terminatory fegment the largefl, and all the leaves
neatly ferrated about the edges. Per. July.

Alpiici. Mountain Saw-wert v/ith ovate, rough cups.
Pv AY calls this, Phe many fiowered Gentle Phifile with a
narrow indented willow leaf*.

Az'enjls. Corn Saw-wort or JVay-PJuJlk with prickly,
dented leaves. Per. July.

C A R D U U S. Thistle.

The common cup is ventricofe and im.bricated, the
fcales are numerous, lanceolated, acuminated, and prick-
ly. The comipound flower is tubulofe and uniform.
'I'he hermaphrodite florets are nearly equal and reflex.
The proper one is monopetalous and infundibuliform;
the tube is very (lender, the limb erecl, the bafe oval
and quinquihd; the iegments are linear and equal, but
one more deeply divided. The filaments are five in
number, (lender, and very fhort-, the anthera is cylin-
dracecus, tubulofe, and the length of the corolla, with
a quinquedentated mouth. The germen is oval, the
fi:}de fiender and longer than the ffamina. The ftigmia
is fimple, Tubulated, naked and emarginated. There is
no feed-velTel, but the cup is fomiewhat connivent and
contains fingle obovate, tetragonal feeds. The dowm is
fefiile and very long.

Such as have decurrent leaves.

Lanceolatus. Spear Phijile with decurrent haflato-pin-
nate, hiipid leaves, divaricated fegments, and prickly,
villcfe cups. Bien. July.

IPutans. Mujk-Phifiie with prickly, femidecurrent
leaves, and cernuous flowers, and the fcales of the cup
patent tow^ards the fummit. About Black-heath. On the
ropery by the fides of the road to the Glafs-houfes., New-
caftle upon Pyne^ and on Sunderland P own-rnoor. Wilson’s
Sy. Bien, July.

Acantheides.

SYNGENESIA PGLYGAMIA ALIS. 195

Acanthoides, Welted Thifik with finuated, decurrenc
leaves, prickly on the margin ; the cups are on foot-
ftalks, fingle, ered', and villofe. An. June., July.

The colour of the whole plant is grey or hoary,
Wilson’s Sy.

Crifpus. "ThijVe itpon I’hijlle with finuated, decurrent
leaves, a prickly margin, aggregate dowers, and thofe
at the end without a beard. In roads and on tlie Tides
of ditches. An. June.

Palujiris. Mar/h-PhiJlle with linear, dented, decur-
rent leaves, a prickly border and erect, branchy dowers,
and peduncles without prickles. The dowers are pur-
ple. Per. June., Jvdy-

Bijfe^us. Englifh-Soft or Gentle-Thifik with lanceola-
ted, decurrent leaves, denticles without prickles, but
prickly cups. Per. June., July.

, Such whofe leaves furround the Stalks,

Helenioides. Melancholy -Phijlle with lanceolated, den^
ted leaves, furrounding the ftalks, unequal ciliated
fpines, and a ftalk without prickles. On high moun-
tains in Torkfn. JVeJl. Cu?nb. R. Sy. On a moor uvo
miles from Croydon. In Longskddale in a deld called
WetherhovLe., by the road-fide near Pcrnjhozvey about feven
miles from Kendaiy IVeJi. Per. JunCy July.

Marianus. Milk-Thijlle with hiftato-pinnatidd leaves
furrounding the ftalks, cups without leaves, and channel-
led fpines. The Car duns non macidalus of Ray, or tlie
Ladfs Phtflle zvithout Spots is only a variety according to
Linn/eus. Both are tound about London. An. July.

Eriophorus. W oolly-headed-'LJnjlle vvith ftllile leaves,
pinnatidd two ways, the fegments alternately credt, ancl
the cups globofe and ered. About Brifiol. In the
chalk-plt-clofe at Cherry -Hint on, and by the road-fides
in Huntingdonpi. plentifully. Mr Martin. Lien. Jul)\‘

Acaulos. BwarJ Carlinc-Phijtle without a ftem, but
C c 2, Wxth

196 SYNGENESIA POLYGAMIA ^QUALIS.

with a fmooth cup. On dry paftures. On Blackheath
near London, Per, July,

This plant according to Ray hath a purple flower.

ONOPORDUM. Cotton-Thistle.

The common cup is roundifh, ventricofe, and imbri-
cated; the fcales are numerous prickly and prominent
on every Tide. The compound flower is tubulofe and
uniform, the hermaphrodite flowers are equal.* The
proper flower is monopetaious and infund ibuliform; the
tube is flender, the limb ereft, ventricofe and quinqui-
fid ; the fegments are equal, one only being more fepa-
rated than the reft. There are five capillary, very fhort
filaments, having cylindraceous, tubulofe antherse, the
length of the corolla and quinquedentated. The ger-
rnen is oval, the ftyle fiendtr, and longer than the fta-
mina, and ftigma is crov/ncd. The cup is (lightly con-
nivent and contains the feed. The down is capillary.

Acanthiim. Cotton-Thiftle with rough empalements,
fubulated fcales and oval, oblong, ferrated leaves.
Found in uncultivated places. Bien, July,

C A R L I N A. Carline-Thistle.

The common cup is ventricofe, radiated. Imbricated;
the fcales are numerous, lax, acute, and the interior ones
are very long, patent, ftiining, coloured, and placed in
an orb. The compound flower is uniform and tubulofe,
and the hermaphrodite florets are equal. The proper
flower is monopetaious, and infundibuliform; the tube
is flender ; the limb is infundibulifonri and quinquifid.
There are five capillary very fhort filaments, with cylin-
draceous tubulofe antherai. The germen is fhort, the
ftyle (lender, and length of the ftamina. The ftigma
is oblong, bifid or entire. Tlie cup unchanged con-
tains a fingle taper feed, crowned with a branching plu-
mofe down.

Vulgaris,

SYNGENESIA POLYGAMIA ^QUALIS. 197.

Vulgaris, JVild Carline-Thifde with a corymbofe ftalK
bearing many flowers, which terminate the brandies.
Bien, June,

BIDENS. Hemp Agrimony.

The common cup is ere6l, the fegments are often
equal, oblong, hollow, and channelled. 1 he compound
flower is uniform and tubulofe, the hermaphrodite flo-
rets are tubulofe. The proper one is infandibulifcnn,
the limb is quinquifid and erecl. There are five capil-
lary, very fhort filaments, v/ith cyiindracecus, tubulofe
antherae. The germen is oblong, the flyle Ample and
the length of the (lamina, having two oblong, reflex frig-
mata. The cup, unchanged, contains a Angle, obtufe,
angulated feed. Tiie dov/n has two or more brifdes
which are oblong, ftraight, acute, and hooked back-
bards.

tripartita,, trijid V/ater-hemp Agrimony with trifid
I leaves, foliaceous cups and eredl feeds. In ditches and
I v/here water frauds in winter, very common. A^n, July^
Jug. ■

Cernua. Whole-leaved Water -hemp- Agrimony with lan-
I ceolated leaves furroUnding the cups, cernuous flowers
j and ere6l feed. Found with the former. An, Jidy,, Aug,

-Minima, the leaji Water-hemp Agrimony with lanceo-
! lated, feflile leaves, and flowers and feeds ere6l. An,

I July,, Aug.

! EUPATORIUM. Hemp or Dutch Agrimony,

The common cup is oblong and imbricated; the
fcales are lanceolated, erefl, and unequal. The com-
pound flov/er is uniform and tubulofe. The hermaphro-
dite florets are unequal. The proper one is infundibu-
liform, the limb is quinquifid and patulent. There are
flve capillary and very (hart filaments with cyiindrace-
ous tubulole antherre. d he germen is very fmaii, the
I llyle (lender, long and bind to the itamina, and the (lig-

mata

198 SYNGENESIA POLYGAMIA SUPERFLUA,

mata are {lender. The cup, unchanged, contains oblong
feeds, with long plumofe down.

Cannahinum, Hemp Agrimony or Hutch Agrimony with
digitated leaves. A common plant. Per, July^ Aug,

stngenesia poling am I a superflu a

comprehends fuch plants as have the florets ofl the difie her-
mcphrodite^ and thofle cfl the radius flemale,, .

TANACETUM. Tansy.

The common cup is hemifpherical and im.bricated,
the fcales are acute and compadi. The compound flower
is tubulofe and convex. The hermaphrodite florets in
the difK. are numerous and tubulofe, with fome iemininc
ones in the ray. The proper hermaphrodite flov/er is
infundibuliform, and the limb is quinquifid and refiex.
The Feminine is trihd and more deeply divided. There
are five capillary, and very fhort filaments of the herma-
phrodite flower, with a cylindraceous, tubulofe anthera.
The hermaphrodite germen is oblong and fmall. The
ftyle is (lender and the length of the fiamina. The
ftigm.a is bifid and turned back. The feminine germen
is oblong, the flyle fimple, with two ftigmata turned
back. The unchanged cup contains fingle, oblong,
naked feeds.

Vidgare, Common Panfly with bipinnated, ferrated
leaves. Per, Aug,

ARTE M ESI A. Southernwood.

The common cup is roundifh and imbricated, and the
fcales are rounded and connivent. The compound flower
has many tubulofe,,hermaphrcdite florets in the difk, and
feminine naked in the middle. The proper hermaphro-
dite flower is infundibuliform, and the limb is quinqui-
fid. There are five capillary, hermaphrodite filaments
and very fliort. The anthera is cylindraceous, tubulofe,

and

SYNGENESIA POLYGAMIA SUPERFLUA. 199

and quinquedentated. The hermaphrodite germen is
fmall, the ftyle (lender, and the length of the ftamina,
with a ftigma bihd and turned back. The feminine ger-
men is very fmall ; the ftyle like thread and longer than
the hermaphrodite, but the ftigma is like the hermaphro-
dite ftigma. The cup is fcarce ever changed and the
hermaphrodite feeds are fingle and naked.

Campejiris, Field Southernzvood v/ith linear, multifid
leaves' and procumbent wand-like ilalks. Per. Aug.

Mariiima. Sea iVcrmwood v/ith multipartite, tomen-
tofe leaves, cernuous branches, and the feminine flofcules
by threes. Common on the fides of ditches near the fea-
fhore. Per. Aug.

Ahfinthmn. Common V/ermweed with multifid, com-
pound leaves, pendulous, globofe flowers, and hairy re-
ceptacles. Per. Aug.

Vulgaris. Mugwort with pinnatifid, plain, cut leaves,
downy underneath. Ample branches, oval flowers, and
five flowers in each ray. Per. Aug.

GNAPHALIUM. Cudweed.

The common cup is rounded and imbricated, the
fcales are oval, connivent and more lax towards the fum-
mits. The compound flower confifls of tubulofe her-
maphrodite florets, fometimes mixed with apetalous fe-
minine. The proper hermaphrodite is infundibuliform :
The limb is quinquind and reflex, and if there are any
feminine they are without flowers. The hermaphrodite
filaments are five, very fhort and hairy with cylindrace-
ous, tubulofe antherse. The germen is oval, the ftyle
(lender, and the length of the ftamina, with a bifid ftig-
ma. The feminine germen is oval, the ftyle (lender
and the length of the hermaphrodite, the ftigma bifid
and reflex. The cup is permanent and fhining. The
hermaphrodite feeds are Angle, oblong, fmall, and
crowned with down.

'Diokum,

200 SYNGENESIA POLYGAMIA SUPERFLU A;

Diciam, Mountain Cudweed or Cafs Foot with a very
fimple fbaik, firnple corymbus and procumbtnt twio*s
or flioots. On the mountains of Lan. W'eft, Torkjk.
and Cumb. On Newmarket -heath not far from Bottle-
Jham-beacon, On Bernak- heath in Lincclnjh. Ingleho-
rough-hill in Torkfli^ and in many other places. On
Kendal-fell near hcoiit-ftyle^ V/eft, On Tealand Common^
Fan. Per. May^ June.

Margaritaceum. American Cudweed with linear, lan-
ceolated, acuminated leaves and a branchy ftalk tov/ards
the top, and faftigiated corymbufes. Per. Aug.

Luteo-alhuni. jerfey Cudzveed with hairy, creeping,
blunt leaves, fnaped like a fword, and half furrounding
^ the ftalks and conglomerated dowers. In the Jfe of
Jerfey on dry banks and walls very comirion. R, Sy,
An. July., Aug. /

. Sylvaticum. Upright Cudweed with a fimple fcalk, and
flowers thin fet. In fandy paftures very common. On
Hampftead-heath very common. Bien. Aug.

Uiiginofura. Black headed Cudiwecd with a diffufe, bran-
chy italk, and terminatory flowers thickfet. Common
where water Hands in v/inter. An, Aug.

CONYZA. Fleabane.

The common cup is imbricated, oblong, fquamofe;
the fcales are acute and the exterior ones patent; The
compound flower is tubulofe and confifl;s of many tu-
bulofe herm.aphrodite florets in the difle, and feminine
apetalous roundifli ones in the ray^ the hermaphrodite
florets are funnel-fliaped and cut into flve parts at the
brim, the feminine is funnel-lhaped and cut into three
parts. The hermaphrodite florets have each flve hairy,
Ihort filaments with cylindrical, tubulofe anthers. The
hermaphrodite gernien is oblong j the Hyde flender, and
the length of ihe flamina, v/ith a bifid ftigma. The
feminine germen is oblong, the ftyle flender and the
length of the others, having two flender feigmata. Both

florets

SYNGENESIA POLYGAMIA SUPERFLUA. 201

florets are fucceeded by oblong, folitary feeds with fim-
pie down.

Sq^uarrofa. Plowman^ s Spikenard oxFleabane with acute,
lanceolated leaves, and an annual corymbofe fiialk. On
dry mountains. On Tea-and Common on the fide of the
high rocks, Lan, Per, July,, Aug,

E R I G E R O N. Fle ABANE.

The common cup is oblong, cylindrical, and imbri-
cated, with fubulated, ered fcales, gradually longer.
The compound flower is radiated and conflfts of tubu-
iofe, hermaphrodite florets in the diflv, and ligulated
feminine in the ray. The hermaphrodite is funnei-fliap-
ed with a quinquifid brim. The feminine are iigula-
ted, linear, fubulated, eredt, and commonly entire. The
hermaphrodite filaments are hairy, very fnort, and five
in number, having cylindrical, tubulofe antherae. The
hermaphrodite germen is very fmall and crowned with
long down, the flyle is flender, and the length of the
down having two oblong ftigmata turned back. The
feminine germen is very flender with down the length
of the corolla; the flyle is hairy and the length of the
down with two very flender fligmata. The cup is con-
nivent and has oblong fluall feeds and long down.

Acre. Blue flowered Fleahane with alternate peduncles
with one flower. In dry paflures. Per. July., Aug,

Canadenfe, Canada Fleahane with a panicuiated flalk
and flowers. This is the Canada Fleahane of Ray with
a white flower. In rough uncultivated places about Lon-
don in abundance. An. Aug.

TUSSILAGO. Colt’S'Foot.

The common cup is cylindraceous, the fcales are lan-
ceolated, linear, equal, and fifteen or twenty in numben
The compound flower is various. In fome all the her-
maphrodite florets are tubulofe, in fome tliere are no
feminine, in others they are ligulated. The proper her-
D d. maphrodife

202 SYNGENESIA POLYGAMIA SUPERFLUA.

maphrodite flower is funnel-fhaped, the brim is quin-
quifid or quadrifid, acute, reflex, and longer than the
ray. There are five hermaphrodite, hairy, very Ihort
filaments with a cylindrical tubulofe anthera. The
germen in both is fhort, the fliyle thread-like and longer
than the ftamina, having a thickifh fligma and the fe-
minine a bifid ftigma. The cup contains a Angle, ob-
long, comprefied feed crov/ned wdth hairy down.

Farfara. Common Colt's- Foot with an imbricated flralk,
bearing a Angle flower, cordate, angulaced, denticulated
leaves. Per. March.

Flyhrida. Long-ftalked Butter- hur with an oblong
thyrfe, and many naked feminine flofcules. Near Lough-
horoiigh in Leicefifh. Mr Hill. Per. March.

Petafitis. Common Butter -hur with an oval thyrfe and
all the flofcules hermaphrodite. Per. Marcia April.

S E N E C I O. Groundsel.

The common cup is furniihed with another fmall cup
and is conical and truncated. The fcales are fubulated,
cylindrical, contiguous, equal, and a few cover the bafe
like tiles, having deadly apices. The compound flower
is higher than the cup. The hermaphrodite florets are
tubulofe and numerous in the difk, and the feminine are
ligulated in the ray. The proper hermaphrodite is fun-
nel-fliaped, tlie brim is reflex and quinquifid, the femi-
nine, when there are any, are oblong and obfoletely tri-
dentated. There are five flender, fmall, hermaphrodite
filaments, with a cylindrical, tubulofe anthera. The
germen in both is oval, the fl:yle is flender and the length
of the ftamina, having two oblong ftigmata turned back-
ward. The cup is connivent and contains Angle, oval
feeds and hairy long down.

Obf. Senecio T urn. wants the common ray of the co-
rolla, which the Jacoh^sa of F um. has.

Vulgaris. Common Groundfel or Sinifon with naked
coroll^, pinnated, finuated leaves furreunding the ftaiks
and thin fet flowers. An. May.

Such

SYNGENESIA POLYGAMIA SUPERFLUA. 203

Such as have radiated Jlowers-y and the radius turned hack,

Sylvaticus. Mountain Groundfel with the corollie turn-
ed back, pinnatihd, denticulated leaves, and a corym-
bofe, eredt ftaik. Near Hornfey and on Black-heath, An,
July,

Vifeofus. Cotton Groundfel with florets turned back,
vifeid, pinnat’fid leaves, and loofe fcales the length of
the cup. An, June,

Such as have radiated fowers, patent radius^ and pinnatifid

leaves,

Jacohdea, Common Ragwort with radiated flowers,
pinnatifid leaves fhaped like a harp, jagged fegmencs
and an eredb flalk. Rer. July,

Aiquaticus, F/ater Ragwort with radiated flowers,
dented leaves, thofe towards the root oval, thofe on
the ftaik pinnatifid, and the outward fegment largeft.
Per, July,, Aug,

Erucifolius. Hoary perennial Ragwort with radiated
flowers, dented, pinnatifid, hoary leaves, and an eredt
flalk. Per, July,

Such as have undivided leaves,

Paludofus. Marjh Ragwort or Bird's Pongue with ra-
diated flowers, leaves fhaped like a fword, acutely ferra-
ted underneath, villofe and an eredl flalk. Per, Aug,

Sarrafenicus, Broad leaved Ragwort with radiated flo-
rets, corymbofe flowers, lanceolated, ferrated leaves.
Per. July^ Aug.

ASTER. Star WORT.

The common cup is imbricated, the compound flower
is radiated. The hermaphrodite florets are numerous
in the difk and funnel-fhaped, with a quinquifld patu-
ient brim. The female florets are ligulated, lanceoia-
1) d 2 ted*

204SYNGENESIA POLYGAMIA SUPERFLUA.

ted, and tridentated. The hermaphrodite filaments are
five which are hairy and very fnort, with cylindrical tu-
bulofe anthers. The germen in both is oblong, the
ftyle like thread, the fligma bifid and patent in the her-
maphrodite, and there are two oblong ftigmata in the
feminine. The feed is fihgle, oblong, and oval, crown-
ed with hairy down, ' . • ' ;

Tripolium. Sea Starvjort with entire, flefiiy, lanceola-
ted fm^ooth leaves, unequal branches and corymbpfe
Bowers. Per. Aug.

SOLID AGO. Common Golden-Rod.

The common cup is oblong and imbricated, the fcales
are oblong, narrow, acuminated, and connivent. The
compound Bower is radiated. The hermaphrodite flo-
rets which cornpofe the diflt, are nuiricrous and tubulous.
The feminine which coiupofe the rays are ligulated and
lefs than ten in number, comiuonly five. The proper
hermaphrodite flower is funnel-fhaced, and the brim is
cut into five broad points, the feminine is ligulated and
tridentated. There are five hairy, fliort filaments, hav-
ing cylindrical anthers. The germen in both is oblong,
the ftyle like thread, and the length of the ftamina. I'he
herm.aphrodite itigma is bifid and patent, the feminine
has two ftamina turned backwards. There is a fingle, *
oval, oblong feed crowned with hairy dovm.

Virzaurea. Cemmon Golden Rod with a flexible angu-

o ^ O

lated ftalk, panicolated, ered: branches fet clofe to each
other. In \voods and hedges. In moft of the wseds
about Teadand., Lan. Per. /lug.

Camhrica. JVel/Ii Golden Red with linear, lanceolated
leaves, that are partly ferrated and fomewhat hoary and
a cor}'mbofe panicle at the end. Per. June.

INULA. Elecampane.

The common cup is iiubricated, compofed of loofe,
fpreading, fmall leaves, the exterior being the broadeft,
but all of an equal length. The compound flower is

radiated

SYNGENESI A POLYGAMIA SUPERFLUA. 205

radiated and broad. The hermaphrodite florets arc
very numerous in the diflc. The female florets in the
ray are ligulated and numerous. The proper herma-
phrodite flower is funnel- fli aped, ereft, and cut into five
parts at the extremity. The proper female flower is
tongue- fh aped, narrow, and entire. There are flvefhort,
flender, hermaphrodite filaments, having cylindrical
antherm, that coalefce at the top, each in the bottom
ending in two bridles the length of the filaments. The
hermaphrodite germen is long, the dyle flender and the
length of the damina, and the ftigma is bifid and eredb.
The feminine ftyle is fern i hi fid. The cup contains a
Angle, narrov/, four cornered feed, crowned with a down
of the fame length wdth the feed,

Helcnlum. Elecampane with rugofe, oval leaves, hoa-
ry underneath, and tfie fcales of the cup oval. In Ejfex
frequently. In fevered clofes about Tealand^ Lan. Per.
July, Aug.

Dyfenterlca. Middle Fleahane v/ith oblong leaves, a
rough paniculated ftalk, and the fcales of the cup like
bridles. Per. Aug.

Pulicaria. Small Fleahane with undivided leaves fur-
rounding the dalks, and a pr-odrate ftalk. An. Aug.
Sep.

Crithnoides. Golden Sampire v/ith flefhy, three forked,
linear leaves. In a marlli near Hurjl-Cajtk, over againll
the IJle of Wight. Per. Aug.

BELL IS. Daisy.

The com.mon cup is Ample and eredl withfmall leaves,
from ten to twenty, placed in a double feries. The com-
pound flower is radiated and the hermaphrodite florets
are numerous, tubulofe in the diflc, and the feminine li-
gulated in the ray, and are more in number than the
leaves of the cup. The proper hermaphrodite flower
is funnel-draped, and cut into five parts at the brim.
The feminine is ligulated, lanceolated, and fcarcely

tridentated.

2o6 syngenesia polygamia superflua;

tridentated. There are five hairy, Ihort, hermaphro-
dite filaments, with cylindrical, tubulofe anthers;. The
hermaphrodite germen is oval, the ftyle fimple and
the ftigma emarginated. The feminine germen is oval,
the ftyle (lender with tv/o ftigmata. The feed is fin-
gle, oval, and comprefTed without down.

Perennis. Common Daify with a naked ftalk. Per.
March- — Aug.

CHRYSANTHEMUM. Corn Marigold.

The common cup is imbricated and hemifpherical,
the fcales lay clofe upon each other, the interior ones
gradually larger. The compound flower is radiated,
the hermaphrodite florets are numerous and tubulofe in
the difk, and the feminine are mmre than twelve in the
ray. The proper hermaphrodite is funnel-fhaped, quin-
quifid, broad, and the length of the cup. The femi-
nine is ligulated, oblong and tridentated. There are
five hairy, very lliort filaments with cylindrical, tubulofe
anther?e, fhorter than the corolla. The germen is oval,
the ftyle like thread and longer than the ftamina, having
two ftigmata turned backwards. The feed of both
fpecies is Angle, oblong, and naked. The receptacle
is naked, dotted, and convex.

Segetp/m. Corn Marigold with leaves furrounding the
ftalk, the upper ones jagged, and thole beneath den-
ted and fer rated'. An. June.,

heucanthernum. ^he greater Daify or Ox-eye with ob-
long leaves furroundlng the ftalks, thofe towards the
top ferrated, and thofe beneath dented. Per. May.

MATRICARIA. Feverfew.

The common cup is hemifpherical, the fcales linear,
imbricated, and nearly equal. The compound fiow^er is ra-
diated, the hermaphrodite florets are tubulofe, numerous
in the difk, and the feminine are many in the ray. The
proper hermaphrodite is funnel-fhaped, quinquifld, and

uatent.

SYNGENESIA POLYGAMIA SUPERFLUA. 20^

patent^ the feminine is oblong and tridentated. There
are five hermaphrodite (lamina which are hairy and very
fhort, with a cylindrical, tubulofe anthers. The ger-
men in both is oblong and naked*, the flyle is like
thread and the length of the (lamina, and the henma-
phrodite (ligma is bifid and patent, the feed is fingle
and oblong without any down.

Farthemurn. Feverfew with plain compound leaves,
oval, cut fegments, and ramofe peduncles. Per, June.

Chamoynilla. Corn Feverfew with conical receptacles,
patent rays, naked feeds, and fcales upon the cup equal,
yf;/. June.

Siiaveolens. Sweet feented Feverfew with conical re-
ceptacles, defiex rays, naked feeds, and the fcales of
the cup equal. An. May.

Fnodcra. F:M Feverfew with hemifpherical recep-
tacles, patent rays, and feed crowned with a margin.
Along the road to Cfielfea. R. Sy. An. Aug.

Maritirna. Sea Feverfew with hemifpherical recep-
tacles, fiefhy, bipinnare leaves, concave above, and keei-
(haped beneath. Per. July.

A N T H E M I S. Camomile.

The cup is hemifpherical, and the fcales are linear
and nearly equal. The compound flower is radiated,
the hermaphrodite florets are tubulofe and numerous in
a corTvex difle. The feminine are more in the ray. The
proper hermaphrodite floret is funncl-lhaped, eredl, and
cut into five parts at the brim. The feminine is ligu-
lated, lanceolated, and fomietimes tridentated. The
germen is oblong, the flyle (lender and the length of
the flamina, having two reflex fligmata. The feed is
fingle, oblong, and naked.

Nobilis. Fweet feented Camomih with pinnate, com-
pound, narrow-pointed, hoary leaves. In plen-

tifully. Per. Juh\ Aug,

Qoiui&,

^o8 STNGENESIA POLYGAMIA SUPERFLUA.

Cotula. Stinking May-weed with conical receptacles,
briflly chaff, and naked- ieeds. Common in wade places.
Jn. June^ Jtdy.

Arvoijis, Corn Camomile with conical receptacles,
briflly chait, and crowned, bordered feeds. Found in
the gravel pits in Peckham-fields^ and in barren flubble-
fieids between Eltham and Shocter's-hilL Wilson’s Sy.
Bien. July.

Maritima. Sea Camomile with pinnate, indented,
flefhy leaves, a branchy, proflrate ftalk, and downy
CUDS. In fields near the fea-fhore. Per. Aug.

'sCinBoria. Common Ox-eye with ferrated, bipinnate
leaves, downy underneath, and a corymbofe flaik.
Found on a bank near the river Pees., not far from
Sogburn in the Bijlioprick of Burhayn. R. Sy. Per. July.

A C FI I L L E A. Yarrow or Milfoil.

The compound cup is oblong, oval, and imbricated,
and the fcales are oval, acute, and conniveni. The
compound bower is radiated, the hermaphrodite florets,
in number from five to fixteen, are tubuiofe in the difk.
The feminine are ligulated and from flye .o tenpin the
ray. The proper hermaphrodite flowef-ls iniundibuli-
form, quinquifid, and patulent. The feminine is ligu-
lated, obcordate, patent, and triad, the middle fegment
being the lead. The five hermaphrodite filaments are
hairy and very fnort, having cylindraceous, tubuiofe
anthers. The germen is fmall, the ftyle (lender, and
the length of the fcamina, with an obtufe, emarginated
fl:igrna.° The feed is contained in the cup, and is Angle,
oval, and furnifhed with down.

Millifolium. Common lAmrow or Milfoil with naked,
bipinnate • leaves, and dented, linear fegments. Per.
May., June.

P tarmica. Sneeze wort with lanceoiated, acuminated,
ferrated leaves. Fer. Aug.

STNGENESIJ

SYNGENESIAPOLYGAMIAFRUSTRANEA.

205

STNGENESIA POLTGAMIA FRUSTRANEA
comprehends fitch plants as have the florets of the dijk her^
maphrodite^ and thofie of the radius neuter^ and all radiated *

CENTAUREA. BottLes.

The common cup is imbricated and roundi/h, the
fcales are varioully terminated. The compound flower
is flofculofe and difform; the hermaphrodite florets are
numerous in the difk, the feminine not fo numerous in
the radius but larger and lax. The proper hermaphro-
dite flower is monopetalous with aflender tube, the limb
is ventricofe, oblong, eredl, and terminated by five line-
ar, ered: fegments. The feminine is monopetalous, the
tube flender, bended back, and gradually larger; the
limb is oblong, oblique, and unequally divided. The
five hermaphrodite ftamina are hairy and very fliort,
having cylindraceous, tubulofe anthers, the length
of the florets. The germen is fmall, the flyle flender,
and the length of the ftamina; the ftigma is very obtufe.
T he feminine germen is very fmall, fcarce any ftyle and
no ftigma. The cup which is connivent, contains An-
gle hermaphrodite feeds, and a plumofe or hairy down.

Cyanus. Blue-bottles with ferrated cups, linear, entire
leaves, and the lower ones dented. Among the corn be-
low Tealand- Redman^ Lan. Among corn-fields that have
been plowed many years luccelfively. An. July,

Scabiofia. Great Knapweed or Matfellon with ciliated
cups, pinnatifid leaves and lanceolated fegments. In
paftures. Per. June., July.

Jacea. Common Knapweed or Matfellon with fcaley
cups, lanceolated leaves and thofe towards the root finu-
ated and dented. In meadows and paftures. Per^
July, Aug.

Calcitrapa. Star Fhiftle with thorny cups, felfile, la-
teral, pinnatifid, linear, dented leaves, and a hairy ftalk.
An. July.

2 10 SYNGENESIA POLYGAMI A NECESSARIA.

SGlJlitialis. St Barnahy's ^hifile with thorny, folitary
cups, the leaves on the branches decurrent and unarm-
ed, and thoie on the ftalk lyrato-pinnatifid. By the
hedg-es not far from Cirenccfier in GloucefierfJi. Dr Bob ard.
R. Sy, An._ July,

STNGENESIA POLTGAMIA NECESSARIA
comprehends fuch plants as have the fiowers of the dijk
malCy and thofe of the radius female,

OTHONNA. Ragwort.

The common cup is very fimpie, monophyllous, and
obttife at the bafe-, acute, equal, and divided into eight or
twelve fegments. The compound flower is radiated;
there are many hermaphrodite florets in the difle. The
feminine florets in the ray are the fame in number as
the fegments of the cup, often eight. The proper her-
maphrodite flower is tubulofe, quinquedentated, and
fcarce longer than the cup. The feminine is ligulated,
ianceolated, longer than the cup, tridentated and reflex.
There are five hairy very fhorc ftamina, with cylindra-
ceous, tubuloie antherse the length of the florets. The
hermaphrodite germen is oblong, the ftyle flender, com-
monly longer than the ftamina; the ftigmia is bifid and
fimpie, but the feminine ftigma is reflex and larger.
The cup is permanent having fimpie, oblong, naked or
pappous feeds.

Faluftris, Marfh Fleahane wnth Ianceolated, dentated,
finuated leaves. In fens, ditches, and mofles. About
Filiin Mofs^ Lan. ' Burton Mofs^ IFeft, Per. Aug,
Integrifolia. Mountain Ragwort with Ianceolated, den-
ticulated, hairy leaves, and flowers in umbels. Per. June

F I L A G O. Cudweed.

TIte common cup confifts of imbricated awns, con-
taining many hermaphrodite flofgules in the diik, and
lingle feminine fiofcules in the radius, among the lower

fcales

SYNGENESIA POLYGAMIA NECESSARIA.211

fcales of the cup. The hermaphrodite florets are fun-
nel-fhaped, the limb is quadrifid and eredt, the feminine
are fcare confpicuous, being flender, narrow, and bifid
in the brim. There are four hairy fmali (lamina, with
a cylindraceous anthera, cut into four parts at the points.
I'here is fcarce any hermaphrodite germen, the (lyle is
fimple and the (ligma acute and bifid; the feminine is
fomewhat large and deprelTed, th^ flyle (lender, acute,
and bifid. The feminine feeds are oval, fmooth, and
fmail without any down.

Maritima. Sea Cudweed which is downy, has a bran-
chy corymbus and oblong, obtufe, crenated leaves. On
the (and 2il Abermeney-ferry in the Ij2e of Angle fea^ where
the common people call it Calamus Aromaticus: Alfo on
the gravelly (liore betVv^een Penfance and St MichaePs
Mount in Cornwall, Found by Mr Johnson in my com-
pany on the common above Dixie facing the fea (liore,
JVef, An, July,, Aug,

Germanica, Common Cudweed v/ith pyramidal, pen-
tagonal cups from the joints, a dichotomous (talk fomd-
what eredl. In barren meadows and paftures. An,
June^ July,

Montana, P’he leaf Cudweed with conical terminate-
ry flowers from the joints, and an eredl dichotomous
flalk. On fandy meadows and padures. An. June., July,

Gallica, Corn Cudweed v/ith fubulated, axillary flov/ers
and an eredt, dichotomous (talk. Among corn in fan-
dy grounds about Cafile-HevinAiarn in Effex, R. Sy^
An, June-, J^ly-

SrNGENESIA POLTGAMIA SEGREGATA^

of thU order we, have no englifli plants.

E‘c 2\

SYNGENESIA

SYNGENESIA MONOG AMI A.

STNGENESIA MONOG AMI A comprehends
fuch plants as have Jimple Jiowers,

J A S I O N E. Hairy Sheep’s Scabius.

The common cup is monophyllous, alternately nar-
rower, having many flowers upon fliort peduncles and
is permanent. The proper cup is quinquilid and perma -
nent. The proper flower is pentapetalous and the petals
are lanceolated, eredt, and connected at the bale. I he
germen is roundilh, the ftyle {lender and the length of the
corolla, with a bifid ftigma. The capfule is roundifn,
quadrangular, bilocular, and crowned with its own cup,
containing many oval leeds.

Montana, Hairy Sheep's Scahius with lanceolated, li-
near leaves, (lightly ferrated. - June^ July,

LOBELIA. Water Gladiole.

The cup is monophyllous, quinquedentated, very
fmall and withers away, the denticles are nearly equal,
the upper two being rather more eredl. The flower is
monopetalous and fomewhat ringent, the tube is cylin-
draceous, longer than the cup, and divided longitu-
dinally. The limb is quinquepartite, the fegments lan-
ceolated, the two uppermoil being lefs, more reflex,
deeper divided and forming an upper lipj the three
inferior ones are more patent and often larger. There
are five fubulated ftamina the length of the tube of the
petal, and the anthers grow together in the form of an
oblong cylinder, opening five ways at the bafe. The
germen is acute, the ftyle cylindraceous and the length
of the ftamina, and the ftigma is obtufe and hifpid. The
capfule is oval, bilocular, opening at the apex, and fur-
rounded with a cup, containing many fmall feeds. .

Dortmanna, Water Gladiole with linear, bilocular,
entire leaves and a naked ftalk. In Winandermere-Water
and in feveral other lakes, both in Cumh, and Wejl,
Wilson’s Sy, Per. July^ Aug,

VIOLA.

SYNGENESIA MONOGAMIA. 2i|
VIOLA. Violet.

The cup confifts of five fhorc, oval, oblong, er€wi
leaves, acute at the apices, obtufe at the bafe, and dif-
ferently ranged in different fpecies. The corolla is rin-
gent and confifts of five unequal petals. The upper
petal is broad, obtufe, and indented at the point, with,
a horned nedfarium at the bafe, the two fide petals are
oppofite, the two lower are larger, rifing, and reflexed.
There are rive fmall ftamina annexed as appendages to
the entrance of the nedlarium, having obtufe antherse,-
fometimes connedfed. The germcn is roundifh with a
flender ityle, prominent beyond the antherse and crown-
ed with an oblique ftigma. The fruit is oval, three
cornered, obtufe, and compofed of three valves and one
ceil, having many oval feeds affixed to the valves.

^uch as have no fialks

Odorata. Purple fweet Violet^ V/hite Violet without
ftalks, heart-ftiaped leaves, and creeping ftioots. It
gi^ows by hedges and on the banks of ditches. Per^
March,

Hirta, Hairy Violet without ftalks, heart-fhaped, hai-
ry, flinging leaves. Per. March,

Palt^ris, Marfh Violet without ftalks, and kidney
fhaped leaves. On the banks of the river Chervil
between Oxford and IVater-Eaton. R. Sy. On Shirley
common near Croydon. On Hampfle ad-heath. Hudson.
Per. June.

. Such as have Jialks.

Canina. Bogs Violet with a ftalk, and oblong heart-
fhaped leaves. Per. Jpril.

Alpina. Weljh Violet with three flowers upon a ftalk,
cordate leaves deeply ferrated. Per.

tricolor, Panfies or Heart's Eafe or nree Faces under
a Hood with a four-cornered, diftufe ftalk, oblong, in-
dented leaver, and indented ftipuiae. Common in the
north. An. May — Sep. Lutea.

> 214 SYNGENESIA MONOGAMIA;

Lutea, Yellow Violet with a four-cornered, diffiifc
llalk, cordate, crenated leaves, dented ftipulas, and a
creeping root. On the northern mountains, and in
rotten marlhy places. May— Aug,

J^M P A T I E N S. Quick in the Hand, or
Touch me Not.

The cup Is very fmall and confifts of two leaves
which are round ifli, acuminated, equal, coloured, and
deciduous. The flower has five petals, and is ringent.
The petals are unequal, and the upper petal is roundifli,
plain, ered, trifid, and confliitutes an upper lip; the
two lower petals are large, reflex, broad, obrufe ir-
regular, and conflitute a lower lip; the intermediate
pair are alike and placed oppofite, joining at the bafe.
The nedtarium is monophyllous, fliaped like a hood,
oblique to the mouth, rifing on the outfide, with the
bafe ending in a horn. There are five very fhort fila-
ments, narrower towards the bafe, and crooked, with as
many anther^e divided at the bafe. The germen is
oval, acuminated without a flyle. The fligrna is fimp.:
and fhorter than the antheras. The fruit is a capfule
with one cell, opening with an elaflicity in five valves
which twill fpirally and contains feveral roundifli feeds
fixed to a column.

Noli me Y anger e, ^ick in theHand,, or Youch me Not^wi th
foot ftaiks fullaining many Angle flowers, oval leaves
and ftalks having fwelling joints. In moift fhady places
and by rivulets. On the banks of Winandermere-Water
mdiv AmhlefJe. R. Sy. Near and ether pla-

ces in IVeJi, By the cloth-mill in Satterthwaite-pari/Iiy
Lan, Near Bingley,, Torkflu In Kitty GilVs orchard
about a mile from Amhlefide^ by the fide of a fmall ri-
vulet that crofTes the high-road,. Wefi, Wilson’s Sy.
An^ Aug,

Class xx.

G YNANDRIA DIANDRIA. zjg

CLASS XX.

GYNANDRIA.

^his clafs comprehends fuch plants, whofe flamina are placed
either on the ftyle^ or on the receptacle ^ Jlretched out into
the form of a Jiyle and fupporting on it both the piflU and
flamina. T he jtrublure of the fructification of this order of

plants., is quite fingular., fays ^he germen is

always twifted like a fcrew \ the petals are five., of which.,,
the two inner ones ufually approach one another in the fhape
of a helmet. The lower lip conftitutes a neElarium and ferves
for a piftil and a fr^th petal. The Jiyle grows to the inner
margin of the nebtarium, and is fcarce diftinguifhed. The
filaments are always two., having as many anther which
are narrower downwards., naked, or without a tunic, and
divifthle like the pulp of the citrus.

I)IANDRIA comprehends fuch plants of this clafs
as have two flamina.

ORCHIS;

TH E fpatha is vague and the fpadix is fimplc.

The flower hath flve petals, three without and
two within, which form a helmet. The nedtarium is
monophyllous, fixed to the fide of the receptacle be-
tween the divifion of the petals. The upper lip is ere6l
and very fhort*, the lower lip is large, patent and broad*
The tube is pendulous, horn-fliaped, and prominent
behind. There are two very flender fliort filaments reft-
ing upon the piftil, with ovaJ, ereft antherse, covered

w'ith

«i6 GYNANDRIADIANDRIA.

with a bilocular duplicature of the upper lip of the
hedtarium. 1 he germen is oblong and twifted, the flyie
is very fhort and grows to the upper lip of the nedtari-
um, and the ftigma is comprelfed and obtufe. The cap-
fule is oblong, unilocular, and has three keel-fhaped
valves opening on the three fides, but joined at the top
and bottom, and filled with very fmali feeds like dull.

Such as have undivided hulhs or tefiiculated roots.

Bifolia, Butterfly Orchis with undivided roots, the lip
of the ne^larium entire and lanceolated ; a very long
horn, and patent petals. W ilson fays the flalk is ge-
nerally about a foot high, and encompaffed with narrow
and fmaller leaves. The flowers are difpofed into a
thyrfe of a fweet fmell, and in fhape refemble a hutter-fly
with expanded wings. In paftures and thickets. Per,
May,, June,

Mafcula, Male Fool Stones * with undivided roots,
the lip of the nedtarium cut into four points and crenu-
lated, and the hinder part of the petals reflex, BYo, Suec,
795. 1 he flowers are of a purple colour, and the lip

is marked on the infide with a few dark fpots. In
meadows and paffures. Per, Flay,

Morio, '

* This is the fpecies of Orchis mentioned in the Oedrgical EJfajSy
as the moll proper for making Salep or Saloup, which for the enter-
tainment of the curious, as I have found it to anfwer, I iliall infert
in this place,

“ S A LE P is a preparation of the roots of the Orchis or Dog-Stones ^
cf which many fpecies are enumerated bv botanical writers. The
ORCHIS MASCULA, Linn. Sp. PL is themoft valued, altho’ the
roots of fome of the palmaced forts, particularly of the ORCHIS
L ATIFO LI A, are found to anfwer almoft equally well. This
plant flouriflies in various parts of Europe an<l Afia, and grows in
cur own country fpontancoully, and in great abundance. It is af-
fiduoufly cultivated in the call, and the root of it forms a confide-
lable part of the diet of the inhabitants of Turkey, Perjia, and Syria,
A dry and very fertile foil is bell adapted to its giowth.

GYNANDRIA DIANDRIA. 217

Mono, Female Fool Stones with undivided roots, the
lip of the nedarium quadrifid and crenuiated, the horn
obtufe, and aii the petals connivent. The wings are
broad, hollow, and llriated with greenifh lines. In
meadows and mcifl paftures. Per. May., Jime.

Pyramidalis. Purple late flowering Orchis with undivid-
ed bulbs, the lip of the neclarium trind and entire; the
horn long and the petals lanceolated: The lip of the
flower is fhaped like an ear, and not fpotted, and the
fpurs are very long and refleded. In dry paifures fre-
quently. Per. June-, July.

Ujiulata. Little purple-flowered Orchis with undivided
bulbs, the lip of the nedarium quadrifid, having rough
fpotie, an obtufe horn, and diflind petals. In dry bar-
ren paflures. Per, May., June,

Wilson defcribes this plant as follows: The dowers
are thick fet on a fliort fpike, with a very fliort green-
ifh fpur, a ruil-coloured crefr, and wings either totally
greenifh, or half purplifli, and redfpeckled Vvithin: The
beard is fomewhat like a little quadrupede, divided into
three or four parts, winged, quite white without, and
marked with many deep purple fpecks within. The
flowers have yellow fummits in the opening.

F f. Coriopliora,

An ingenious friend of mine, in order to colled: the feed, tranf-
planted a number of the Orchi/es into a meadow, wheie he had
prepared a bed well manured for their reception. The next ipring
few of them appeared, and not one came to maturity; their rcots
being black and half rotten. The fame gentleman informs me,
that he has never been able to raife any plants from the feed of the
njoild Orchis', but he aferibes his want of faccefs to the wetnefs of the
fituation in which he relides.

I have now before me, a feed pod of the Orchis, the contents of
which, to the naked eye, feem to be feed corrupted and turned to
duft, but, when viewed through a microfeope, appear evidently to
be organized, and would, I doubt not, with proper culture germi-
nate and produce a thriving crop of plants.

The

2i8 GYNANDRIA DIANDRIA.

Coricphcra. ^lie lejfer Lizard Flower wich undivided
roots, the li'j of die ncciariem triiid, refiex, and crena-
ted, t!ie li-'rn iaorf, and tlie petals connivent. This
fpecies hath a wliitc flower. Per.

Purpurea. Purple Man Orchis undivided roots,
the lip of the ncclariur'i bearded, five lobed, fhofe on
the fidci obtufe and ci\.nu]ated, the middle fhouefl; and
aevito, the peiais confluei't. The lip is white, variega-
ted with purple hairs, (dn chalky hills. Per. June.

Militaris. Man Orchis witli undivided roots, the lip
of the neclariti n is five lobed, rough with Ipots, an ob-
tufe horn and confluent petals. HuDsoNpays the lip of
the nectarium is tjulnguifid. Wilson lays the lip of
the flower rclembies the body ox a naked man. Per. June.

Such

The jDropereft time for gathering the roots, Is when the Teed is
formed anci the italk is ready to fall, hecanie the new bulb, of which
the Salep is made, is then arrived to its full maturity, and may be
diftinguifhed from the old one, by a white bud riling from the top
of it, which is the germen of the Orchis of the fucceeding year.

Several methods oTpreparing Balep have been propofed and prac-
tifed. Geoffroy has ciehvered a very jndhious procefs, for this
purpofe, in l\\cHipoire de L"* Acaciajuie Rojale dcs Sciences^ SJ^d.

Retzius, in the S~-eeaJh tranjadtions^ has improved Mr

Geoffroy’s methed.

MrMovLT of Rochdale, has lately favored the public with a
new marner of cuhng iho. On his root', and as f have feen many
fpecimens ofhis Sahp, at lea;l equal, if rot fupei ior, to any brought
from the Levant'. 1 can recommend the foliowing, which is his
procefs, fro n my own know 'edge of its fuccefs.

The new root is to be wa^ed in water, and the fine brown Ikin,
wiiich covers it. is to be lepitia.ied by means of a ’mall bruih, or by
dipping tl'e root io hot water, and « abbiug it with a coarfe linen
cloth. When a fulh'cient nu .nl^iei' of roots have been thus cleaned,
they are to be Ip/ead on a tin pUte, and placed in an oven heated
to. the ufiial ceg -re, where i hey are to remain fix or ten minutes, in
which time they will have loll their mitiry whherel's, and acquhed
a franfparerc}'' like horn, wchout any climlnLu'on of bulk. When
srrived at thisiiaie, they are to be rcinot'edinoider tobe diled and

hardened

GYNANDRIA DIANDRIA. 219

Such as have pahnated rods,

Latifolia, . Male-handed Orchis v/ith feraig^t, palmated
roots, the. horn of the nc<5lariuni conica]; the lip cut
into three loI)es, which are rerieccecl on the ficies, and
the (iracce^e are longer tlian the iiowers. In meadows
and pafeures. Per. May\ Ju7te,

Wilson lays, the flowers are purplifn, with purple
wings on each fi' e, and grow in a fpjke n< !C very thick,
nor very long. The upper petal is erect, the under ones
meet, and K>rm a crefc. hf 'he i>eard is hroad, divided
into three parts, flrircd, or fpeckled with deeper lines
or fpecks, and has a f[)ur half an inch long: At the
origin of each pedicle hands a broad, oblong, puqdiih
leaf. The flower often varies its colour.

F f 2. Maculata, .

hardened in the air, which will require feveral days to elFe£l; or by
ufing a gentle heat, they may be finifued in a few hours.

Salep thus prepared, may be afforded in this pr^t of England^ where
labour bears a high value, at about eight pen e or ten pence per pound.
And it might be fold ffill cheaper, if the orchis were to be cured
without feparating the brown fein which covers it; a troubie-
fome part of the p"Ocers, and vvh'ch dees not contribute to ren-
der the root either more palatable or falutary. Whereas tlie foreign
Salep is now fold at five or fix ffiiliings per pound. The culture of
the Orchis, therefore, is an objedt highly deferving of encourage-
ment from all the lovers of agriculture. And as the root, if intro-
duced into common ufe, would rurnifh a cneap, v.'hoiefome, and
moil nutritious article of diet, the growth of it would be fuffigi^nN
ly profitable to the faimer.

Zahep isfaid to contain the greatefl quantity of vegetable nouriffi-
ment, in the fmalleff bulk. Hence a very judicious writer, to pre-
vent the dreadful calamity of famine ati'ea, has lately propofed that
the powder of it fliould confiitute pan of the provifions of every
ffiip^s company. This powder and portable foup, diflblved in boil-
ing water, form a rich thick jelly, capable of lupporting life for a
confiderable length of time. An ounce of each of thefe ai tides,
with two qparts of boiling water, will be fuffic’ent fubfiffence for a
man a day; and as being a mixture of animal and vegetable food,
mufi; prove more nourilhing than double the quantity of rice cake,
made by boiling rice in water. Vide Gsorgical Ejjays, vol, 4. pa. 163,

%

220 GYNANDRIA DIANDRIA:

Maculata, . Female handed Orchis with patent, palma-
ted roots, the horn of the nedtarium llaorter than the
germina; a plain lip, and the hinder petals eredl. The
leaves of this fpecies are always fpotted, thofe of the
'former fpecies never. Per June.

Conopfea. Red handed Orchis with palmated roots, and
the brillly horn of the nectarinm longer than the ger-
men, a tri£d lip, and two very patent petals. In mea-
dows) and paftiires. In Sinderbarrow meadows plentiful-
ly, within the liberties oi I'ealand- Redman., Lan. Bien,
June, July.

This is eafily diftinguiilied from the reft, by the length
of the fpike and the Imallnefs ofyhe pale red flower, by
the unfpotted leaves and by its remarkable long fpurs.

Such as have fafciculatcd bulbs.

■ Abortiva. Purple Bird^s Neji with ftender fafcicula-
ted bulbs, the lip of the nedlarium entire and oval. In
dry meadows. Per. May.

Wilson defcribcs this plant as follows: The ftalk is
about a foot high, wrapped round wdth many leaves
like fo many llieatlTs; and bears a fpike of tetrapetalous
flov/ers. The upper petal of each fiower ends in a horn,

. and a probofcis appears in the middle, to which grow two
fender beards ; Under the dowers are long ftriated heads
full of fmall feed like that of Orchis. The root confifts
of long, thick, oblique fibres. The whole plant is of
a deep purple or violet colour. It differs from the Or-
chis in having a fibrous root ^ from Plellebcre in having
a Ipur to the flower, and from Ophris in its leaves grow-
ing alternately. Syn. pa. 269.

S A T Y R I U M. Satyrion.

It hath a vagpe fpatha and fimple fpadix. There are
five petals, three outer and two inner, joined in the form
Oi a hexinet. The nedtariuin confifts of one leaf join-
ed

• GYNANDRIA DIANDRIA. 221

ed to the receptacle, on the lower fide between the divi-
fion of the petals’ The upper lip is ered and very
fhort; the lower lip is plain and pendulous; the bafe
reprefcnts the hinder part of the fcrotum. There are
two very (lender fhort (lamina placed upon the pidil,
having oval antheras, covered by the bilocular duplica-
ture of the upper lip of tlie nedarium. The germen is
oblong, twifted, and beneath the (lower, the ilyie adjoins
the upper lip of the nedarium and is very fhort with
an obtufe, flat fbigma. The capfuie is oblong, unilo-
cular, and has three keels and three cells, opening under
the keels three ways, filled with fmall feeds like dufl. .

Hirfinum. The Lizard Flower or Goafs Stones with
undivided roots, lanceolated leaves, the lip of the ned^-
rium trifid, the middle fegment being linear and ob-
liquely bitten. In chalky land. About Dartford and
Crayford in Kent^ but not very common. Per. June^ July.

Wilson fays. It has many large liliaceous, fmooth
leaves arifing from the root, and al(b on the (lalk to the
very fpike. The (lalk is thick, and fuftains a denfe fpike
of (linking flowers, each of which fits on a green twiffed
pedicle. The fpur is fhort and green, the crefb and
wings greenifh without, and marked on the infide with
purplifn fpecks and flrlpes. From the under-lip, vvhite
on the outfide, and fpeckled v/ith purple on the infide,
hangs down a goat’s beard, compofed of three greenifh
twirls; the fide ones are fliorter and curled up, the mid^
die one longer and bifid. It has a flrong fmell.

Viride. Frog Satyrion or Orchis with a palmated root,
oblong, obtufe leaves, and the lip of neclarium divided
into three linear parts, the middle one being obfoiete.
Per. May^ June.

Fufcum. Brown Satyrion with a palmated root, oblong
leaves, and the lip ot the nedarium equally trifid. At
Flelfe-fell-nab nediX Kendal., Wejl. FIudson. Per. Aug.

Albidum. White Satyrion \Fvi\\ fafciculatcd roots, lad-
ceolated leaves, and the iip of the nedlanum acutely

trifid.

(

222 GYNANDPvIA DIANDRIA.

trifid, the middle fegment l^eing largcfc. In meadows
and [.afcures, about MulJiam in Torkjh, ^Jiine.

O ? H R Y S.

The fpatha is vague and the fpadix is nm[)le. The
fiovver hath five oblong ]:)etals tJ’.at are cennivent and
.equal. The nedlariiim is h‘noer than the petals, depen-
Tjent and kecl-fliaped heliind. I'lxte are twu \cr7 fiiort
itamina placedi upon the The andierse are ered,

.2nd covered with the interior margin of the neaarii-m.
'The gernicn is oblong, twifeed, and beneath t'te fiov/er.
*3 lie fiyle joins the interior margin' of the r.cclariitm,
having an obfolete ftigma. The capfule is oval, trigo-
nal, obtnfc, firiated, .h.as three valves, and one cell fiiled
%itii fmall feed like diuT.

Zuch as ha^ce ramefe roots.

Nidus Avis. Birdds Ned \vlx.hh\\Vc)Ous bunched roots,
a flieath-iike fialk and the hp of tite ncctarium bifid.

' In Wiiods and ihady places. Per. May. •

Wilson fays, The tafee of the whole plant is abomi-
nably Ifitter.

Spii'alis. Triple Ladies Traces with oi'.long cliifcered
bulbs, a leafy fialk, fruitful nov/ers, and t.he lip of the
' nectarium undivided. On Tealand Common.^ Lan. i')Ut
n')t very plentifully, above John Jenkinson’s wood,
and by the fide of Grifedale V/all., Tealand., Lan. Per. Aug,

Ovata. Coinmon Tvsayhlade with a fibrous bulb, two
oval leaves on the fialk, and a bifid lip to the nedari-
um. Per. May., June.

Cor data. The Icaft TwayUade with a fi’orous bulb,
.two cordated leaves oji the icaik, and the lip of the neda-
’ rium bifid. In nioifc heathy land and efpeciaily mofs-
land in the counties of Torli. Lane, and V/eft. July.

Palujlris. Marjii TwayUade with a fibrous !'>ulb, and
-the lip of the nedariuin entire. Per. July^ Aug.

Such

GYNANDRIA DIANDRIA. 223

Such as have round bulbs

Paludofa, ^he Jeefl Orchis with a round biilh, and a
naked, pci.tagvnpa] ftcin, the lurnmit of the leaves rough,
and the lip of the nedcarium entire.

Monorcliis. 7'ellc-iv or MufJe Orchis with a gloSoie
bulh, a naked fLcm, and the lip cf the ncclarium irifid.
Per, July, ' '

Wilson fays. The frowers are very finall of an her-
baceous coloLu- inclining to yellow, and tlie I'p is divid-
ed into three iparts : T‘he feed vefTcls are fliortcr than in
mofe of the other fpecies of (jrchis,

Llllfolla, Dwarf Orchis with a roundiih root, a nak-
ed fcalk, lanceolaied leaves, the lip of the neclariuiii
entire, and the hinder petals linear. In wet niaiTny
places.

AntJiGpophcra, Green Man OrcJds with a roundiHi
root, a leafy kalk, the lip of the nediariiij'n trifid, tlie
! middle being hihd, anc- ei( *ngated. Found by iVlr Oalh:

[ in an old gravel-pit •t Dalrngton near Sudlury^ at Kcrlh-
I feet and GreenJ Ithe in Kent pkntifuljy. 11. Sy. Per. Ju'y,

! Mufeifera. tly Orchis with roundhdi i)iir)s, a leafy
1 fcalk, andi the lip of the neclariuni tjuadrifcl. In the
1 Flat-wood I^elcnging to tlte Uev. iVirFIrsT a’-'d ivir Lu-
i CAS near the lime Idln, Tedciruf Lan. In a held called
I Pot-acre in Orefon-ROhard., belonging to Mr JhicKiNSoN
i of Ghallen-ha'i^ JVeJl. M: Johnson in my company
I found one root in Huiten-Roy-Perd O/cjl, 1 faind a
I great number in Crlngld'cirrcw-wood,, on a phdn piece of
I grotmc’, not far f'o^n Deepciale,, TeOand, l.an, June.

! /Iplfera, Bee O) cfds with rounhifi , .Lrk)s, a leafy fem,

I and the lip of tiie ncclariu'-i d-wided into live lojcs and
I the lobes index. Per. June,

! C Y V II T P E 13 I u M, Lady’s Slipper.

It hath a vague fpiiiha, and a fim[de fpad’X. 1 here
I are four or five lanceolated, linear, long, pi. -enr, e edt
flower petals, I'he iieclarium which is litiuied oeiween

the-

224 G Y N A N D R I A D I A N D R I A;

the petals, is fhaped like a ilioe, fwolleti, and hollow,
fhorter and broader than the petals : I'hc upper lip is
oval, plain, index, and fmall. There are two very fhort
filaments placed on the pifiil, having erect antherae, co-
vered with the upper lip of the nectarium. Below the
flower is placed a long contorted germen. The ftyle is
very iliort, and adheres to the upper lip of the nectari-
um, having an obfolete ftigma. The fruit is an oval,
obtufely trigonal capfule, having three valves and one
cell, containing many fmall feeds. '

Cdceohis. Lady's Slipper with fibrous roots, oval, lan-
ceolated leaves on the ftalks. In a wood near Ingleton^
called Helk's-wood belonging to E. Foxcroft, Efq.
L'orkJJi. Per, June^ July,

SERAPIAS. Hellebore.

It hath a vague^fpatha and fim.ple fpadix. The flow-
er hath five oval, oblong, eredt, patent, connivent petals.
The nedtarium is the length of th^petal, hollow at the
bafe, melliferous, oval, gibbous beneath, trifid and acute;
the middle fegment* is cordate and obtufe. There are
tv/o very fliort filaments placed on the piitil, having
erect anthers, and placed under -the upper'lip of the
nedtarium. The germen is oblong, contorted, and be-
neath the flower; the ityle grows to the upper lip of
the nedtarium, having an obfolete itigma. The capfule
is oval, obtufely trigonal, and has three keels and three
valves opening under the keels, and one cell containing
numerous dufl-like feeds. The receptacle is linear and
joins to each valve of the feed veffeL

Latifolia. Bread leaved Baftard Hcllehore with fibrous
roots, the lip of the nedtarium obtufely crenated, equa-
with the petals, and pendulous fruit. In Cringle bar row\
voood amonglt the rocks plentifully, belonging to* G.
Townley, Efq. o'd height on-hall,, Lan. July,, Aug,

This fpecies which 1 found, is that with the Atro-
Rubeme or Blacki/h-Red ot Bauhin and Ray.

Lovgifolia*

GYNANDRiA POLYANDRIA. 225.

Longifolia. White flowered Baflard Hellebore with fi-
brous bulbs. The lip of the neclariutu obtufe, fhorter
than the petals, having ered: fruit. In a meadow be-
longing to Mr Clarkson oi Tealand^ called Sinderhar-
row raeadow^ and likewife in one of Mr Lucas’s adjoin-
ing the former. About Ctapham and Ingle ton^ Torkjhire,

The others mentioned by authors, according to Lin-
NyEus, are only varieties, and not diflind: fpecies.

PO LT ANURIA comprehends fuch as ‘ have more
flamina than ten.

A R U M. Wake-Robin.

The fpatha confifis of one large, oblong, leaf, convo-
luted at the bafe, connivenc at the apex, compreffed at
the belly, and coloured internally. The fpadix is club-
fhaped and very fimple, fomewhat fhorter than the fpa-
tha, coloured and furround'ed with the germina. There
are no petals, nor flamina, unlefs the nediaria are fuch,
which are thick at the bafe, and end in flender cirrhi, of
two ranges arifing out of the middle of the fpadix. T here
are many tetragonal, fefTile, anrheras placed among the
cirrhi and adjoining the fpadix. The germina are
many, furrounding the bafe of the fpadix and placed'
beneath the flamina: There are no fly les, but the flig-
mata are bearded. The fruit is a globofe berry with
one cell and contains many roundifh feeds.

Li NN. Obf. The flrudture of the flower is furprifing
and not to be parallelled, which hath afforded ample
matter of difputation among the botanifls. Vide Tourf.
Malp. Dillen. Riven, '&c.

Maculatum. Wake-Robin^ Cuckow-Tint without a flalk,
entire fpear-fhaped leaves, and a club-fhaped fpadix.
In lhady places and under hedges. Per. May.

G g. CLASS XXL

/

226 MONOECIA MONANDRIA.

/

CLASS XXI.

MONOECIA.

iThis clafs comprehends fuch plants as have no hermaphrodite
fiowers^ hut hear both ■ male 'and female flowers on the
fame plant.

MONANDRIA comprehends fuch plants as have
hut one ft amen,

Z ANNICHELLIA. Horned Pondweed.

inalciiline f iant has neither cup nor flower.

There IS one fiinple, long, ere6l fliamen, with an
cvai, ere61' anthera. The.'feminine has a monophy lions,
ventricofe, bidentated cup, fcarce -vifible, without a
corciia. There are four corniculated, connivent ger-
n^ina and as many patent, Ample Ihyles, and oval, plain
fcigniata. The keds aie oblong, acuminated pn both
fidi.s: Gibbous on one tide and covered with b^rk.

, Paluftris, . Hcrned Pcndwecd With three or four crook-
ed hoins rrowing iO£ ether in the wings of the leaves.
In u rlvriet necween tht Glafs-Houfes and DenPs-hole^
rear New\^ftle 'upon Tyne. VV ilsgn’s Sy, In ditches and
ilaadmg waars, Aug,

DIANDRIA

MONOECIADIANDRIATETRANDRIA. 227

D I A N D R I A comprehends fuch as have two Jlamina*

L E M N A. Duck’s Meat.

The Clip of the hermaphrodite flower is monophyl-
lous, roundifh, opens in the fide, and obliquely dilated,
obtiife, patent, deprefled, large and entire. There are
two fubulated, crooked filaments the length of the cup,
with didymous, globofe, antherae. The germen is oval,
the flyle fhort, and the fligma obfolete. The feminine
flower is on the fame plant with the inafculine, and the
cup the fame. Tlie germen is oval, the flyle fliort and
permanent, and the fligma Ample. The capfule is glo-
bofe and unilocular, containing a few oblong, acute
feeds, almoft the length of the capfule and flriated.

Trifulca, Ivy leaved Duck's Meat with lanceolated
leaves. In ditches and ftanding waters. Per. May ^ June.

Minor. Phe leaji Duck's Meat with felTiie, plainifli
leaves, and thofe towards the root Angle. Per. Jane.

Polyrhiza. Greater Duck's Meat v/ith fefTile leaves,
and thofe towards the root thick fet. In ditches. An,
June., July.

I^E’PRANDRIA comprehends fuch as have four ftamina,

U R T I C A. Nettle.

The cup of the mafculine flower is tetraphyllous, and
the leaves are roundifli, concave and obtufe. The
flower hath no petals. The nedlarium is in the center
of the flower, fhaped like a pitcher, entire, narrow at the
bottom and very fmall. There are four fubulated fila-
ments the length of the cup, and the antherae are bilo-
cular, The feminine flowers are either on the fame or
different plants. The cup hath two valves, oval, concave,
eredt, and permanent. The germen is oval, the fligma
is villofe. The cup which is connivenc contains one
oval, obtufely compreffed, fhining feed.

Pilulifera.

228 MONOECIA PENTANDRIA.

Pilulifera. Roman Nettle with oppofite, oval, ferrated
leaves, and a globofe frudtiferous amentum. At Great-
Tar mouth in Norfolk, Aldborough in Suffolk. R. Sy,
An. Aug. ’

- Urens. Leffer Nettle with oval oppofite leaves. An,
Auguft.

Dioica. Common Nettle with oppofite, cordate leaves,
and double branches. Per. July.

PENTANDRIA comprehends fuch plants as have
five ftamina.

X A N T rl I U M. Lesser Burdock.

The common cup of the male flower is polyphyllous,
and imbricated with (lender fcales the lenorth of the fiof-
cules. The compound flower is uniform, tubulofe,
equal, and hemifpherical; the proper corolla is compof-
ed of a fingle, tubulofe, ered, funnel-.tliaped petal, cut
into five fegments at the top. The filaments are five
placed within a tubulofe cylinder. The antheraj are
cred, parallel and diftind. There is fcarce any com-
mon receptacle difiinguifliing the flofcules with awns.
The feminine flowers are beneath the mafculine in the
fame plant. The cup is an involucrum formed of two
leaves, and contains two flowers, the leaves are oppofite
having three acute lobes, furrounded with hooked acu-
lei, covering and adhering to the germen. The ger-
rnen is oval and hifpid, and the llyles are hairy and
ffigmata fimple. The fruit is a dry, oval, oblong, prick-
ly berry, containing twm cells, jn each of which is a
fingle, oblong feed, covered with hooked aculei, the
apex being bihd.

Strumarium. Leffer Burdock with a flalk without
prickles. At Staines in Middlefex'^Nir Lawson. In the
road from Portfmouth to London^ about three miles from
Portfmouth. Am. Aug. Sep.

AMARANTHUS.

MONOECIA POLYANDRIA. 229

A M A R A N T H U S. Elite.

The mafculine flowers are on the fame plant with
the feminine. I'he cup confifls of five or three erect,
coloured, permanent leaves. There are five or three,
hairy filaments, ered', patulent, and the length of the
cup, with oblong, verfatile anthenx. The feminine cup
is the lame as the mafculine. The germen is oval hav-
ing three fliort fubulared ftyles, and Ample permanent
fligmata. The fruit is an oval, comprefi’ed capfule and
coloured like the cup, having three beaks and one ceil,
and contains one globofe, compreffed, large feed.

Blitum. "The leaft Elite with ered fpikes and three
ftamina, and oval retufe leaves. An. Aug.

Wilson clefcribes this plant as follows. The Italks
are procumbent, branched, about a loot long, and of a
reddifli colour, the leaves refembling thofe of Pellitory,
about two inches long, taking in the tail, which is very
flender, and almofl: as long as the reft of the leaf. This
leaf is a bright green, fometimes having purplifli edges*,
out of the bofom of each leaf fometimes proceed others,
which are much fmaller: Thefe bofoms are filled with
many flowers, growing, one upon another, in round
clufters. Each flower ufually confifts of three very nar-
row-pointed, guttered leaves. The capfule is reddifli,
compofed of two pieces, placed one upon the other, and
opening tranfverfly. Found on dunghills.

POLTANDR I A comprehends fuch as have above
/even ftamina,

CERATOPHYLLUM. Pondweed.

The cup of the mafculine flower is multipartite, the
fegments are fubulated and equal. The filaments are
double, the number of the fegmiCnts of the cup being
from fixteen to twenty, and Icarce confpicuous. I'he
antherai are oblong, ered, and longer than the cup.

The

230 MONOECIA POLYA^'DRIA.

The feminine are on the fame plant with the mafciiline.
I'he cup is multipartite, the fegments fubuiated and
equal. The germen is oval and compreiTed; the ftig-
ma is obtufe and oblique. The nut is oval, unilocular,
and acuminated.

Demerfum. Horned Pondweed. In flow running wa-
ter and ditches. In a ditch belonging to Chrijl-Churck
meadow. Per. July.

MYRIOPH YLLUM. Water Millfoil.

The mafcnline cup has four oblong, ered leaves, the
ou'trnofl is larger and innermoft leaft. There are eight
hairy flaccid filaments longer than the cup, with oblong
antheras. The feminine cup is the fame as the maf-
culine. There are tour oblong germina,' and a hairy
ftigma and four oblong feeds.

Spicatum. Spike dJVater Mfilfoil With m2i{c\xYmt flowers
interruptiy fpiked. In the river on Hounjlow heath. In
ditches, lakes, and kill waters. Per. July., Aug.

Virticillatum. Virticillated JVatcr Milifcil with all the
Bowers in whorls. In ditches and Handing waters. Per,
July.

SAGITTAPvIA. Arrow-head.

The mafculine flowers are more than the feminine.
The cup hath three oval, concave, patent, permanent
leaves. The flower hath three roundifli, obtufe, plain,
patent petals, three times as large as the cup. There
are often twenty four filaments, collected into a head,
having eredt antherse the length of the cup. The femi-
nine petals and cup are the fame as the mafculine. The
germina are numerous, comprefled, formed into a head,
externally gibbous, ending in very fhort ftyles, having
acute permanent fligmata. The receptacle is glcbofe,
and the feeds are colledted into the form of a globe and
are numerous, oblong, comprefled, furrounded longitu-
dinally with a broad membranaceous margin, gibbous
on one flde, and accuminated on both.

Sagittifolia,

MONOECIA POLYANDRIA. 231

Sagittifolia: Arrow-head with acute leaves lhaped
like an arrow. Per. June.

POTERIUM. Burnet.

The mafculine flowers are difpofed in a fpike. The
cup confilts of three oval, coloured, caducous leaves.
The flower is quadripartite and the petals are oval,
concave, patent, united at the bafe, and permanent.
The filaments are from thirty to fifty in number, flender,
very long, and flaccid, having roundifli, didymous an-
ther^e. The feminine cup is the fame as the mafculine.
The flower is monopetalous and wheel-fliaped, the tube
is Ihort, roundifli, and connivent at the brim. The
limb is quadripartite, the fegments are oval, plain, re-
flex, and permanent. There are two oval, oblong ger-
mina within the tube of the corolla. There are two
hairy, coloured, flaccid ftyles, the length of the corol-
la; the ftigmata 'are coloured and pennicilliform, or in
the form of a painter’s pencil. The berry is formed of
the indurated, incraflated tube of the corroila, and con-
tains tv/o feeds.

Obf. Linn. Sanguiforha. The berry is angulated,
with tetragonal feeds accuminated on both fides, the two
piftils are weak and inferred into the mafculine flower.

Sanguiforha. v/ith flalks fomewhat angular. In

mo iff meadows and in chalky foil. Per. July.

Wilson fays, It has a monopetalous flower, cut deep
into four fegments, furniflied with a great many chives
(which we call flamina) or a tufted pointal: The petals
are very fmall, of an herbaceous colour. The emnale-
ment turns, for the mofl: part, to a quadrangular fruit,
piked at both ends, having fometimes one, and fome-
times two cells: The feeds are generally oblong, the
leaves pinnate, and the flowers are gathered into a head.

Ray, Ger. and Wilson make two fpecics, a
Major and a Minor.

STNGENESIA

232 MONOECIA SYNGENESIA.

STNGENESIA comprehends fitch plants as diave
their male Jiozvers furnijhed with ftamina^ of which the
anther £6 are united.

BRYONIA.

The mafculine cup is monophyllous, campanulated,
quinquedentated, and the denticles are fubulated. The
flower is quinquepamte, campanulated, joins to the cup,
and the fegments are oval. There are three very fliort
filaments and five antherjE, of which two are on each
filament, and one on the other. The feminine flowers are
on the fame plant with the mafculine. The cup and
flowers are the fame as the mafculine. The germen is
beneath the flofcule, the ffyle is trificl, and the length
of the corolla, the ffigmata are emarginated and patu-
lent. The berry is oval and fmooth, and has a. few
feeds. i

Alba, White BrVony with palmated leaves, fcabrous
on both fides. ^ May,,

CLASS

XXII.'

DIOECIA PENTANDRIA.

233

CLASS XXIL

DIOECIA.

^his clafs comprehends fuch plants as have no hermaphro-
dite flowers^ hilt bear male and female flowers on diftinbl
plants.

P EN'TANDRIA comprehends fuch as have five ftamina.

HUMULUS. Hops.

Mafculine.

TH E cup hath five oblong, concave, obtufe leaves.

I'here are five hairy, very fiiort filaments, and
oblong antherae.

Feminine.

The univerfal inyolucrum is quadrlfid and acute:
The partial one hath four leaves, is oval, and contains
eight flowers, and the cup of every flower is mdnophyl-
lous, oval, and very large, plain on one fide, and conni-
vent at the bafe. The germen is very fmall, having
two fubulated, patulent ftyles, and acute fliigmata. 1 he
cup has the feed in the bottom, which is roundilh and
truncated.

Lupulus. Hops. June.

Hh. ' , HEXANDRIA

234 DIOECIA HEXANDRIA CCTANDRIA.

HEXANDRIA comprehends fuch plants as have
fix ftamina,

T A M N U S. Black Briony.

Mafculine, /

The Clip is divided into fix parts, each fegment is
lanceolated at the fummit, and more patent. There
are fix fimple filaments fnorter than the cup, having
ered antherse.

Feminine.

The cup is monophyllous, fex-partite, campanulated,
patent, and the fegments are lanceolated, and deciduous.
The nedarium is an oblong pundum internally adher-
ing to each fegment of the cup. The germen is oblong,
large, and fmooth. The flyle is cylindraceous and the
length of the cup, and the ftigmata are three, reflex,
emarginated, and acute. The fruit is an oval, trilocu-
lar berry, containing two globofe feeds.

Communis. Black Briony with undivided, cordate
leaves. Per. June.

0 C F A N D R I A comprehends fuch plants as have'
eight Jlamina.

R H O D I O L A. Rosewort.

Mafculine.

The cup is quadripartite, concave, ere6l, obtufe and
permanent. 1 here are four oblong, obtufe, patent, de-
ciduous petals, twice as long as the cup. There are
four eredt, emarginated nedtaria longer than,. the cup.
There are eight fubulated filaments longer than the
corolla, having fimple anther;^. There are four oblong,
acuminated gernuna> the Ifyks and lligmata are obfolete.

Feminine.

DIOECIA ENNEANDRIA. 235

Feminine.

The feminine cnp is the fame as the mafculine. The
f ower hath four ered, obtufe petals equal with the cup,
and permanent. There are four obiong, acuminated
germma, ending in fimple ilraight ftyies and obtufe flig-
mata. There are four horny capiuies opening inter-
nally and containing many roundifh leeds.

Rofea. Rofewort. In the mountains of Cumh. }VeJi:.
T'crkjh, On the rocks of the high mountains Snowdon
and Caderidis in V/ales\ Inglehorough in TcrhJJi. On a
♦ rock called Blea-water-crag about twelve miles from
Kendal., JVeft. in great plenty. Alfo on the rocks of the
high mountains of Lcngsleddale and F^entmere in the fame
county. Wilson’^ Sy. ^

ENNEANDRI A comprehends fuch plants as have
^ nme ftamina.

M E R C U R I A L I S. Mercury.

Mafculine.

The cup is tripartite and the fegments are oval, lan-
ceolated, concave, and patent. There are nine or twelve
ftamina, ftraight, hairy, and the length of the cup, hav-
ing globofe, didymous antherae.

^ Feminine.

The cup is the fame as the mafculine. There are two
•fubulated, acute, pointed nedaria, to each of which
there is a fmgle, broad germen, imprefieJ with a fur-
row betv/een them. T)ie germen is roundifli, compref-
led, hifpid, and furrov/ed on both fides, having two
reflex, horny, hifpid ftyies, and acute, reflex ftlgmata.
The capfuie is roundifh, didymous, bilocular, and flaap-
ed like the ferotum, havino- finple, round ;fli feeds.

Perennis. Peg's Mercury with a very fimple ftaiK
and fcabrous leaves. Per. April., May.

Annua. French Mercury with a braciiiated ftalk, and
fmootli leaves. An. Set).

El h 2. EIYDROCIIARlSt

i

236 DIOECIA SYNGENESIA.

EIYDROCHARIS. Frog-bit.

Majculine.

The fpatha hath three flowers with oblong leaves.
-The proper cup is triphyllous, and the leaves are oblong,
concave, with a membranaceous margin. The fiower
hath three roundifh, plain, large petals. There are nine
fubulated, eredt (lamina arranged in three orders. The
rudiment of the germen is in the center.

Feminine,

The fpatha, cup, and flowers are the fame as the
mafeuline. The germen is roundifh and beneath the
flower-, there are fix (lyies the length of the cup, com.-
prefTed, Bifido-canaiiculatcd, having two bifid, acumina-
ted (ligmata: The capfule is coriaceous, roundifh, and
has fix cells containing many flnall roundifli feeds.

STNGF^E.SI A comprehends fuch plants as have their
7nale flowers flurniflied with ftamina,, ofl which the anthers
are united. Ofl this order there is hut one Genus ; vi%,

R U S C U S. Knee-holly, or Butcher’s Broom.

Mafleuline.

The cup confiils ot fix leaves v/hicli are ovate and
convex. There are no flower petals, unlefs you reckon
the alternate leaves of the cup as fuch. The nedlarium
is ovate, the fize of the cup, inflated and eredl. There
are no filaments and but three patent antheras upon the
apex of the nedlarium and united at the bafe.

. Feminine.

The cup, petal, and ne<5larium are the fame as the
mafeuline: The germen is partly oblong, and partly
eval with the nedlarium. The ftyle is cylindraceous
and the length of the nedlarium. The fligma is obtufe.
The fruit is a globofe, trilocular berry, containing two
j^lobofe feeds.

to

Aculeatus. Knee-holly^ or ButcheAs Broom of which we
ha/e but one fpecies. Bien. March^ April. ^ ■

CLASS

POL YG AMI A MONOECIA. 237

V

, C L A S S XXIII.

P O L Y G A M I A.

l^his vlafs comprehends fuch plants as hear hermaphrodite
fiozvers^ and alfo male or fefnule or elfe both.

MO N 0 E C I A comprehends fuch plants as have the
pclygarny on the fame plant,

V A L A N T I A. Crossv/ort, cr Mugweed.

The hermaphrodite flov/er is folitary. There is
fcarce any cup. The' flower is monopetalous,
plain, quadripartite, and the fegments are oval and acute.
There are four filaments the length of the corolla, hav-
ing fmall anthers. The germen is large, the fliyle is
the length of the flamina, and femi-bifld, and the ftig-
mata are headed-, the feed-veifel is coriaceous, coiupref-
fed and reflex, and contains one globofe feed.

Mafculine fiower.

There is fcarce any cup. I'he flov/er is monopetalous,
plain, tripartite or quadripartite, and the fegments are
oval and acute. Tiiere are four filaments the length of
the corolla, furniflied with Imall anthers. The ger-
men is fmall, the ffyle and ftigmata obfoiete, and fcarce
difcernable.

Cruciata^ Crcfswort or Mugweed with mafculine,
quadrifld flowers, and diphyllous peduncles. Per, May^
June^

PARIETARIA.

23S P.OLYGAMIA MONOECIA.

P A R I E T A R I A. Pellitor y of the Wall.

Two hermaphrodite flowers are contained in a plain
involiicrum of fix leaves. I'he cup is monophylious,
quadrind, plain, obtufe, and the fize of the involiicrum.
There are four fubulated filaments longer than the cup,
expanding over it, and permanent with didymous anthc-
rtE. The germen is oval, flyle (lender and coloured *,
the ibgma in the fnape of a painter’s pencil and headed.
The cup elongated, large, and campanulated, contains
one oval feed. . The female flowers have no ftamina but
in other refpedts are the fame as the hermaphrodite.

Oficinalis. Pellitcry cf the Wall with oval, lanceolated
leaves^ dichotomous peduncles, and diphylious cups.
Common on old wails. On the walls of Lancafter-Cajtie,
May —

ATRIPLEX. Crache.

The hermaphrodite flower hath a pentaphyllous, con-
cave, permanent cup, oval concave fegments and a
membranaceous border. There are five fubulated fila-
ments, oppoflte the leaves of the cup and longer, with
roundifh, didymious anthers. The germen is orbicular,
the 'ftyle bipartite and fliort, and the ftigmata reflex.
The cup which is clofed is pentagonal, and has five
angles and contains one' orbicular, depreffed feed. The
female flower is on the fame plant as the mafculine.
The cup has two plain, eredV, oval, acute, large, com-
prefled leaves. The germen is compreffed, the flyle
bipartite, and the ftigmata reflex and acute. The valves
cf the cup are very large, cordate and contain the feed.

Obf. Atripkx without the female flower is Chenopodium^
and Chenopodhim with the female flower is Atripkx hence
the affinity between them.

Portu/acoides. dea Purfiane with a ilirubby ftalk and
oval leaves. Bien, Aug^

Laciniata,

i

xPOLYGAMIA MONOECIA. 239!

Laciniata, Sea Orache with an herbaceous

ftalk, deltoid, dentated leaves, hoary underneath. On
the fea fiiore. An. Aug.

Eregta. Spear leaved Orache with an lierbaceous ftalk,
fpear-fliaped, dentated leaves. On the entrance into
Batterfea meadow from Nine-Elmes, An, Aug.

Haftata. Wild Orache with an herbaceous ftalk, large
feminine deltoid, finuated valves. On the fea fhore.
An. Aug, Sep.

Patiila. Narrow-leaved Orache with a patulent, her-
baceous ftalk, deltoid, lanceolated leaves, and the cups
of the feeds dented in the diflc. An. Aug.

Serrata. Indented Sea Orache with an erecd, herbaceous
ftalk, and linear ferrated leaves. On the fea fliore. Aug,

Litoralis. Grafs-leaved Orache with an herbaceous,
eredt ftalk, and all the leaves linear and entire. A71,
Sep. ,

Pedunculata. Stalked Sea Orache with a divaricated,
herbaceous, ftalk, lanceolated, obtufe, entire leaves, fe-
minine pedunculated cups. Near Scirbeck a mile from
Bofton., Lincclnfn. Dr Plukenet. Found in the IJle of
Thanet., near the Ferry-houfe., in great plenty, by Mr J.
Sherard. R. Sy, An, Sep,

CLASS XXIV.

24P C R Y P T O G A M I A;

C L-A S S XXIV.

C Pv Y P T O G A M I A.

clafs comprehends fuch plants, wliofe fni^ification is
fo finally as not to he examined hy the naked eye^ and is
of a very peculiar conftruBion,

The ferns are the frjl divifion in order ^ whereby is meant
fuch plants as are dorfiferous, or bear the fruit on the
hack of the leaf of which the following are the charahie-^
rifiics.

The cup is a fquama, growing out of the leaf opening, on
one of its ftdes\ under which there are pedunculated glo-
bules^ each of which is girt with an elafiic ring^ which
breaks elaftically and fheds dufl. ' ''>■

E Q^U I S E T U M. Horse-tail.

The frudifications are placed in an oval, oblong
fpike. Each is orbicuiated, open at the bale,
many valves being connedled in a plain apex.

Sylvaticum. Wood Hcrfe-tail with a fpiked ftalk,
opening at the bafe with many valves. In woods and
moifi; places. Per, May,

Arvenfe, Corn Horfe-tail with a naked item bearing
fruit. Per, March, i

Paluftre, Marfh Horfe-tail with an angulated ftalk,
and quite fimple branches. In watery places. Per, June.

' ~ ' Fhiviatile.

C R Y P T O G A M I A. 24k

Flun^iatile. River Horfe-tail with a ilriated ftalk, and
fixiipliih branches. In \vatery places. Per. May.

Limofum. Smooth Horfe-tail with a naked fmooth
ftalk. In watery places. Per. June.

tiye-mle. Rough Horfe-tail v/ith a rough naked flalk
branchy towards the bafe. In watery places. Per,
July, Aug,

'OPHIOGLOSSUM. Adder’s Tongue.

The capfule is in two rows having many tranfverfe
joints-, divided into as many cells, each opening when
ripe, tranfverfely, containing very fmail oval feeds.

Vulgatum, Adder's Tongue with an oval branch.
Found by Mr Dickinson in company with feveral bo-
tanical friends, on Hale -fell near the L<o eking- fi one, Wejl,
Found by one of my pupils on Tealand-Conmion, betwixt
7'ealand and Warton, under the high ridge of rocks.
Lan. plentifully.

O S M U N D A. Osmund Royal.

The capfules are globofe and difliindl, placed on the
branch and open horizontally, containing many fmail
oval feeds.

Lunaria. Moon-wort with a folitary trunk, and foli-
tary pinnate branches. In m.onntainous paftures. On
the fide of the Moat that furrounds Kendal-Cafi'e, On
Pennijion-green, by Pumma-Cragg, on Stainmoor. Mr
Lawson. Under the ledge of rocks between Teal and
and IVarton, and in the Flatwood belon/ying to the Rev.
Mr Hest, Tealand, Lan.

Regalis. Flowering Fern or Ofmund Royal with the
branches on the ftalks pinnate, and lanceolated. On
the fide of the JVhitemofs, Tealand, and on tlie Udes of
LeightOTf-mefs, Lan, July, Aug,

^ I i. Spicant,

242

CRYPTOGAMIA.

Spicant, Rough Spkenwort with lanceolated, pinna-
tifid branches, the iegnients confluent, entire, and pa-
rallel. July.

Crifpa, Stone Fern^ the leaves minutely cut into an
oblong and green pedicle. Bauh. Pin. 755. On crags
and rocks. In TorkJJu and JVeJl, Per. Aug.

ACROSTICUM, Forked Fern.

The fru61:ifications are accumulated through all the
lower part of the branch, fo as to cover it.

Septentrionale. Forked or Horned Fern with a naked,
jagged branch. In the clefts of rocks. • On the fVelch
mountains. On the fells above Amhlefide. Per. Aug.

Ihenfe. Hairy Fern with a bipinnate branch, the
wings joined, obtufe rough and entire at the bafe. In
the clifts of rocks.

Fhelypteris. Marfh Fern with a pinnate branch, and
the wings pinnatihd and entire. On mofly grounds.
Per. Aug.

PE TER IS. Female Fern or Brakes.

The fruftifications are placed linearly, and furround
the margin.

Aqualrna. Female Fern or Brakes with a decompound-
ed branch, pinnatlhd leaves, lanceolated wings, the low-
er pinnatifid, and the upper ones lefs. In woods and
heathy places. Per. Aug.

ASPLENIUM. Hart’s Tongue.

The fruftiheations are difpofed in flraight lines on
the dilk of the branch.

Sco'opendrium. Harfs Fengue with fimple cordate,
tongue-fhaped, entire branches, and rough ftipes.
Among tiie clefts of limefcon^ rocks, mofl^common.

Cetes'ach.

C R Y P T O G A M I A. 243

Ceterach. Spleenivort with pinnatifid branches, alter-
nate, confluent lobes. About BriftoL On old wails. Per,

Trichor/ianes, Common Maidenhair with pinnacifld bran-
ches, and roundifli crenated wings. In ilony places,
old walls, and fliady places. Per.

Piridi. Green Maidenhair with a pinnate branch and
roundifli wings, truncated at the bafe. On moifl; rocks
in Torkjh, znd IVeJ}. Hudson.

Marinum, Sea Maidenhair v/ith a pinnate branch, ob-
ovate, ferrated wings, gibbous and obtule at the leg-
ments, and wedge-like at the bale. On the rocks by
the lea fide. Per.

Rut amtir aria. White Maidenhair with branches alters
nately decompounded, the leaves wedge-like and crenu-
lated. In the clefts of rocks.

Adianthum Nigrum. Black Maidenhair with branches
tripinnate, the leaves alternate, the wings lanceolated
and ferrated. In fliady places and old walls.

POLYPODIUM.

The frucliflcations are diflributed in round dots on
the leaf.

Vulgare. Common Polypody with pinnatifid branches,
oblong, obtiife ferrated wings, and a Iquamous root.
On old walls and at the roots of trees.

Camhriciim. Jcigged Polypody with pinnate branches,
ferrated, lanceolated wings. Per., ,

Longchitis. Great Polypody with pinnate branches,
lunulated, ferrated, ciliated wings, ard ftrigc-fe petioii.
In the clefts of rocks in Wales and near Bingley in I'ork-
/hire. Per.

Phegopteris. Wood Polypody with bipinnate branches,
and reflex fegments. Per.

Fragrans. Sweet Polypody with bipinnate, lanceolated
branches; the fegments thick fet, the lobes obtufe and
ferrated, a paleaceous flipes. In the moifc clefts of
rocks near Kefwick.^ Cumh. Per.

I i 2,

Felix.

3^44 C R Y P T O G A M I A,

Filix mafciila. Male Polypody or Fern with a bipinnate
branch, obtule, crenulatcd pinnula^, aad a pakacepus.
fti; es. Per.

Fontanum. Rock Polypody with lanccolatcd, pinnate ^
branches, roiindifh leaves and fmooth ftipes.

Famina. Female Poypody with a bipinnate branch,
lanceolated, pinnatifid, acute pinnulae. Per.

Aciileatum. Prickly Polypody with a bipinnate branch,
lanceolated, oval, dentated, ciliated wings, and ftrigofe
fl'pes Per.

Lohatum. Lohed Polypody with a bipinnate branch,
lanceolated, oval, ciliated wings and itrigofe ffcipes. Per.

Criftatum. Crefted Polypody with bipinnated branches,
oval, oblong fegments, obtufe wings, acutely ferrated at.
the apex. In moift 'fhady places. Per.

Rhceticum. Stone Polypody with a bipinnate branch,
the fegments and wings acutely fowed. On rocky
mountains in IVefi. ' *

Fragile. Brittle Polypody with a bipinnate branch,
remote fegments, and round ifh cut wings. Per.

Bryepteris. Branched Polypody with a decompound
branch, and the iegments bipinnate by threes. In dry
ftony places in TcrkJJi. Lan. JVeft. and Cm:b. Hudson.

A D I A N T H U M.

The fru6lifxCations are placed in oval fpots, the points
of the leaves being reflex.

Capillus Veneris. Frue Maidenhair decompound
branches*, alternate leaves; the wings ihaped like wed-
ges. On rocks mod commonly. Per.

Frepeziferme. Uiining Maidenhair with decompound
branches, alternate leaves, wmgs cut like a rhomb,
bearing fruit oti both fides, in Scotland. R. Sy,

TRI-

C R Y P T O G A M I A. 245

T R I C H O M A N E S.

The cup is turbinated, folitary, and ered: from the
margin of the leaf. 1 he Ityle is hairy and terminates
the capfuie.

Pyxidiferum. Ctip Prichomanes with bipinnate branches,
and the wings alternately lobate and linear. Found or^
rocks and fiones moiftened with water. Found bv Dr
R icHARDSONat Relhank^ fcarce half a mile from Bing^cy^
at the head of a remarkable ipring. R, Sy, Per,

Tunhrigenfe, Tunbridge Trichomanes witii pinnate bran-
ches, and lobate, oblcng, crenuLted wings. Common
on the mountains of JV CjL Found upon the moiil rocks
in IVales,, and near eieitk hj Dr R[ch[ardson: Near
Tunbridge by Mr Dare-, fix miles from

Chichejier^ by Mr Rand, and Mr oherard. R. by, '

Aug.

F' J N 1 S.

THE

GLOSSARY.

• '■/

■

THE

GLOSSARY.

ABORTISNSorABORTI- ed on the points of the flamlna,
ENT FLOWER, is faid and are of various figures,
of a barren mafculine APETALOUS, v.'ithout petals
flower, or Abortient may fignify or flowers,
fuch fruits as are produced too APEX, pi. APICES, is the
early and never arrive at maturity, fummit of any thing.

ACULEI, are prickles which APHYLLOUS, deftitute of
proceed from the bark of the leaves.

plant. ^ ^ ^ APPENDICULATED,hang-

ACULEATED, is faid of a ing as an appendage, e. g. appsn^
flalk or ftem that is furnilhed diculatus petiolus a little appen-
with aculei or prickles. dage hanging from the extremi-

ACUMlNATEDjlharppoint- ty of the foot-ftalk.
ed APPROXIMATING, is faid

ADSCENDENS, or ASCEN- of leaves or any other parts that
DENT, is faid when the ftamina grow near together,
and piftil are concealed under the ARILLI, are the external tu-
upper lip of the flower. An Af- nics or coats of the feed that
cendent ftalk is when all the bran- fall off fpontaneoufly.
ches are turned upwards. ARISTA,/*/. ARIST.^, (harp

AMENTUM, is a catkin or points like briftles, the beard of
pendulous farina hanging like a corn, &c.
cat's’tail, fuch as we find on the ARi STATED, is faid of fuch

haxde-tree. plants as have arifta.

ANGULATED, having an- ASSURGENT, ered like a
gles. bow firfl bent, then riling ere(3;

ANTHERA,/*/. ANTHER.^ towards the apex or point,
are fmall knobs or fummits plac-* ATTENUATED, is faid of a

K k foot-ftalk

aro

The GLOSSARY.

foot-ftalk that grows fntailer to-
wards the flower.

AWNS, vide Arijla,

B.

BIDENTATED, having two
dent.'.

BIFUKCATION, having the
appearance of two forks.

BIFID divided into two parts.
E[FlDO - C.ANALICULAT-
ED, being cTdubly channelled
BlLABlATEDjfignifies a cup
or flow'er with two lips.

B I L A M E L L AT E D, having
two thin ^ates.

BILOCULAR, having two
cells.

BIPINXATE, doubly wing’d,
when the folioles of a pinnate
leaf are pinnate

•- BRACHl ATED, a hrachiated
flalk branching in pairs, each
pair handing at right angles with
thofe above and below.

BRACTE^ are thin fmall
leaves, fuch as thofe that arife
among the flowers of feveral fpe-
cies of Or^hijes.

BULB, a bulb or bulbous root
expreiTes a root of a roundifh fi-
gure, and ufually furnifhed with
fibres at Its bafe.

BULB! FERGUS, bearing
lulbs.

C

Caducous, failing aw^ay

at the firfl burfling out of
the flower.

C ALICUL.^TED, is faid of
fuch cups as have another cup.
at their bafe.

CALYX, a flower cup of
which there aie feveral kinds.

CAMPANULATED, fliaped
like a bell. ,

CANALICULATED, is faid
of leaves that have a deep chan-
nel running from the bafe to the
point.

CAPILLACEOUS, or CA-
PILLARY, having hair or hai-
ry down.

CAPSULE, a hollow pericar-
plum or fee d-'-veJJsl, which cleaves
or parts in fome determinate
manner and conflfls of ojalviduy
dijjepi?nentum, columnella, and locu~
lamentum ; which fee.

CARIN' ATED, is faid when
the back of a leaf refembles the
keel of a Ihip.

CATKINS. Amentum.

CF2RNUOUS, bended udth
the apex fo^s not to be raifed be-
caufe of the curvature of the pe~
dunAe ; nodding or hanging do.vn
its head.

CILIATED, like the hairs of
the eye- brow with knobs.

CIRRHI, are thofe flender fpi-
ral threads whereby a plant is
fallened to any adjoining body.

COCHLEATED, fnaped like
a fnail’s (hell, as" the kgumen of
/nail trefoil.

COLUMNELLA, a little co-
lumn, the fubflance that palfes
thro’ the capfuky and connects the
feveral partitions and feeds,

COMPRESSED LEAF, a leaf
refembling a cylinder comprefled
on the oppofite fide, a compreffed
leaf is one with a mark or im-
preflion on both fides.

CONFLUENT, to flow or
run together.

CONGLOMERATED, is
faid when flowers are irregularly
crowded together.

CONTGO-OBLONG, more
oblong than conical.

CONVOLUTED, a term in
foliation, when the leaf is rolled
up like a fcroll of paper.

CONNTVENT,

The G I. O 5

CON NI VENT, approaching
or inclining.

CONTORTED, twilled like
a fcrew.

CORIACEOUS, like leather.

CORNICULATED,hardiike
a horn.

COROLLULA, a

la.

CORONATED, having a
crown.

CORYMBUS, or CORYM-
BOSE, a kind of a fpike, the
flowers of which, have each its
proper fmall pedicle or partial
foot-llalk railed to a proportion-
able height.

COTYLEDONS, fide Jobes
of the feed of a porous fubftance
and periihable, or feminal leaves.

CRENATED, leaves whofe
edges arc indented contiguous to
one another and are neither turn-
ed towards the point nor bafe,
are faid to be crenated.

CRENULATED, the fame

as crenated*

CRUCIFORM, in the form
of a crofs, crofs-lhaped dowers
difpofed in the fhape of a crofs,
as in the clafs of Tetradynarnia.

CUCULLATED, Ihaped like
a hood or cone.

CUSPIDATED, is faid of a
leaf whofe apex refembies the
point of a fpear or lance.

D.

Decagonal, having ten

angles.

DECEM-STRIATED, having
ten furrows.

DECIDUOUS, falling away
with the flower.

DECOMPOSITE, is faid
when the petiolus once divided
joins feveral fmall leaves.

K

5 S A R Y. 2-51'

DECOMPOUND, exprelTes a
leaf the common petiole of which
divides itfelf twice before it is
furniflicd with leaves.

DECUMBENT, is faid when
the piftil and Jiamina decline to-
wards the lower fide.

DECURRENT, a leaf which
adheres to the flalk or branch
without any pedicle and v.hich
has its lower part extended and
running along the branch,

DEFLEX, bent a little down-
wards.

DELTOID, having four an-
gles whereof thofe of the fummit
are further dillant from the cen-
ter than thofe of the fides.

DENTICULATED, having
fmall dents.

DIADELPHOUS, is faid of
plants v/hofe ftamina adhere to-
gether, forming two diflimilar
bodies, the one above the pijlil
the other furrounding it.

DICHOTOMOUS, having
branches divided two ways,

DIDYMOUS, fignifles dou-
ble and is generally faid of thofe
a?ztherce that come by pairs on
each filament.

DIFFUSE, when the branches
of the flalk fpread different ways.

DIGITATED LEAF, means
a compound leaf, com po fed of a
number of fimple fmall leaves,
placed, regularly on a common
petiole, tho’ llridly fpeaking there
mufl be more than four fmall
leaves to make a digitated leaf^

DIGITATO-PARTITE, di-
vided partly in the fiiape of the
fingers.

DILATED, widened or ex-
tended.

DIOICOUS, having male and
female flowerb ondiilinct plants,
k 2. DIPHYL-

^52 The G L O

DIPHYLLOUS, having two
leaves.

DISSEPI MENTUM, is a par-
tition between feeds.

DISK, an aggregate of florets
forming as it were a plain fur-
face.

DIVARICATED, hijid, or
divided into two.

E.

^ BRACTEATED, without

bracie^y or foral leaves.

ECAUDATED, without a
four or tail.

" ELLIPTICAL, fliaped like
an egg.

ELONGATED, lengthened
or drawn out.

EMARGINATED, is faid of
fuch as have a little indenting
on their fummits, when this in-
denting is terminated on each by
obtufe points they are faid to be
obtujely emarginatedy when they
are acute, they are acutely emargi-
nated.

EMARGINATO-BIFID, bi^
f.d and fomewhat emarginatcd,

EMPALEMENT, the flower
\ cup.

EXCAVATO -PUNCTAT-
ED, an exca^ato-pundated leaf'll
a leaf with hollow dots or points.

EXSTIPULATED, wdthout
Jilpulcs, which fee,

F.

FARINIFEROUS, bearing
farina or male-dufi;.
FASCICULATED, bundled,
leaves growing in bunches.

FASTIGIAIED, fajligiated
pedunAes are peduncles pointed at
the fummits.

FAUX, the jaw,
FILAMENTS, fame as farni-

s S A R Y.

na, but properly only the thread-
like part of the famina,

FISTULOSE, or FISTU-
LOUS, hollow like a pipe.

FLORAL-LEAF, a leaf that
immediately attends the flower.

FLOSCULI, or FLOSCULE,
2lXQ little flowers.

FOLIOLE, /’/. FOLIOLES,
a little leaf, one of the Angle
leaves, which together compofe
a compound leaf.

FORAMINA, are fmall per-
forations.

FRONS, a fpecies of trunk
compofed of a branch and leaf
blended together, and is frequent-
ly united with the frudllflcation ;
it properly belongs to the palma
and felices or ferns.

FUSIFORM, a fufiform root\%
fpindle lhaped, i. e. thick, ob-
long and attenuated,

- G.

ERMEN, pi. GERMINA,
is that rudiment of the fruit
which is placed at the bottom of
the fyhy but not yet arrived to
maturity.

GIBBOUS, bunching out,
fwoln, when by the quantity of
pulp both furfaces are convex.

GLANDULE,orGLANDU-
LA, a gland or fecretory veflTel.

GLOBOSE, afolid body? that
is made after the manner or like
to a globe, or round body.

GLOBOSO-TETR AGONAL
STALK, means a fquare llalkbut
ratherly glohofe.

GRaNIFEROUS, bearing
knobs like feeds or grain,

GRANULATED, is faid of
fuch roots as bear knobs like
feeds or grain.

GLUMA, a fpecies Qi calyx or
cup common to gralTes,

H*

The GLOSSARY, 253

TT.

HEPTAPKYLLOUS, hav-

in^ leven leaves.
HhRBaCEOUS, is • faiJ of
Haiks ihat dry annually, and are
giaffy, or after the manner of
grafs.

H E R M A P H R O I) r T E-
FLOWEPvS, are fuch flo'.vers as
have the organs of both fexes,
viz. both Jiamina and pijlil.

HEXAGONAL, having fix
faces or angles.

HEXAPETALOU3, having
fix dower petals.

HISPID, coveted with thick
and rigid hairs.

HYPOCRAl'ERIFORM, in
diape like a cup or ialver.

1.

IMBRICATED, placed one
over another like the tiles of
a houfe.

IMPERFOR-ATED, not pier-
ced through.

IMPERVIOUS, not pervi-
ous.

INCISE, cut into irregular
fegments,

INCRASSATED, is faid of
foot-llalks that increafe in thick-
nefs as they approach the flowers.

INCUMBENT, is faid of the
anihtrce when they are fixed on
the Jiamina by the fides inflead
of the bafe.

INDURATED, hardened.
INELEX, bended inwards.
INFUNDIBULIFORM, fna-
ped like a funnel.

INFLEXO - UNCINATED,
turned inwards and hooked.

INVOLUCElLI, are partial
innjclucra or cups of the iimbeUi-
ferous plants ftanding at a dill-
ance from the flower.

TNVOLUCRUM, pi. IN VQ-
LUCPv.A, a kind of a cap which
furrounds a number of flow'crs
together, as in the ursibditjei ous.
plants^

L.

LACI\'ATED, crLACINI-
AT ED, jagged, a leaf cut
into irregular meiflens.

LANCEOLATED, fliapei
like a lancc,

LEGUMEN, pnlfe, a pericar-
piutn of tv\o <valvesj in which the
feeds arc fixed along one futuie
only, as in the feea-veiTel of the
pea.

LIGULATED, an appella-
tion given to lucli fi-.j^uies as
liave a firaightend turned down-
wards, with thiee indenHires, but
not divided into fegments.

LOBATE or LOBATED,
conlifls of lobes or fegments
cut to the middle of the leaf,
and convex at the edges.

LCCULAMENl UM, a cell,
the divifions of that fpecies of
feed-vefieis called a capjule.

LUNU DATED, fnaped like
a c/efeent or half moon.

LYRATO-HASTATED, is
fliaped partly like a harp or lyre,
and partly like a fpear.

M.

yl'ETLIFEKOEIS, bearing
TV A honey.

MEMBRANACEOUS, is faid
when leaves have no dillinguifh-
able pulp between their furfaces,
MEMBR ANES, a pliable tex-
ture of fibres intej tvuven toge-
tner,

MONCPET ALOUS,a flower
confifiing but of cne petal.

MONOITIYLLOUS, a cup
confiiling but of one leaf.

MONO-

254 The G L O

MONOSTACHYOUS, con-

fiftino; of but one range or order.

MUCRONATED, fliarp
pointed.

MUlTIFID, a leaf divided
into many linear fegments or di-
^ vifions.

MULTIPARTITE, divided

into many parts.

MURICATED, full of lharp
points like the inurex Ihell.

. N. ' .

•JS^JAVICULAR, rerembling
X a fliip.

NECT ^R, honey juice,
NECTARIUM,//, NECTA-
JITA, is fometimes a part of
the corolla, and fometimes, tho’
rarely the whole, and it is that
part deftined for the honey juice,
and varies both in figure and fi-
tuation.

NECTARIFEROUS, bearing
neflar.

NUTANS, is faid when a
flower bears a pijiil longer than
the Jiamina,

O.

OBCOPvDATEjheart-fhaped
with i\'it apex dow'nw'ards.
OBLIQpE, when the apex
points obliquely towards the ho-
rizon.

OBLONGO-OVATE, part-
ly oblong, but rather more of an
oval. '

OBLONGO - LANCEOLA-
TED, fnaped like a lance, but
rather obiong.

OBTUSO-HEADED, blunt-
ly headed.

ORBICULAR, round or in
the form of an orb.

OYaLI-GLOBOSE, a glo-

boi'e leaf paitly oval.

S S A R Y.

OVATO-CORDATE, lieart-
lhaped, but foinewhat ov'al.

OVATO - LINEAR, linear,'
but partly oval.

OVAtO - SUBULATED,
awl-fhaped but fomewhat oval.

OVATO-OBLONG, oblong

but rather oval.

OPERCULUM, a cover or
lid.

P.

ALEACEOU3, having pa-
hce or chaff.

PALEA, or PALE^, chaff, a
thin membrane rifing from a
common receptacle which fepa-
rates the fiofculi.

PALMATED, fhaped like the
open hand.

PANICLE or PANICULA,
a fofc woolly beard on which the
feeds of fome plants hang.

PANICULaTED, having a

panicle.

PAPPOUS, dovvnv.

PAPILIONACEOUS, an ap-
pellation given to fome flowers
from their fuppofed refemblance
to a hutterjiy, as the pea-jlonjoer
and many of the trefoil-Jlo-ivers.

PE DATED, when the divi-
fions of a leaf refemble a foot it
is pedaled.

PEDICELLT, are partial pe-
duncles or little foot-ftalks.

PEDUNCLE, 'is that part of
a rtalk w'hich immediately fuf-
tains the leaf of a flowe.r or fruit,
and is commonly called a foot-
flalk.

PEDUNCULATED, having

peduncles.

PELTATED, means a leaf
the petiole of which is affixed to
the diik and not to the bafe or
edge of a leaf.

PENNI-

The G L O 5

PENNICILLIFORM, in the
form of a painter’s bru(h.

PENTAGONAL, having five
angles.

PENTA PETALOUS, having

five petals,

^ PENTAPHYLLOUS,having
five leaves.

PERFORATED, ^ pierced
through.

PERiCARPlUM, a feed-vef-
fel.

PERMANENT, frequently
means a cup that remains, when
the flower is gone, till the fruit
be ripe.

PERSONATED, vide Vincent

O

PER VIOUS, having an open-
ing through.

PET ALS, the diflincl divi-
fions of a flower.

PETIOLE, a little foot-fialk.

PETIOLATED, having a
foot- (lalk.

PILOSE, having long difiindl
hair on the furface.

PINNATE, winged.

PJNNULyE, fmall wings.

PIN NAT I FID, cut in the
fliape of a wing.

PINNATOT-IASTATE, in
fhape of a halbert, but a little
pinnate,

PISTIL, the Jlyle or female or-
gan of generation.

PLIC.^, are folds or plaits.

PLUMOSE, downy,

POINTAL. Vide pifttl,

POLYGAMY, fignifies many
marriages, A e, hermaphrodite
male or female or both.

POLYPHYLLOUS, having
many leaves.

PR^MORSE, bitten.

PROCUMBENl’, lying on
the ground.

PRISM ATI CAL, triangular.

S A R Y. 255

PYRAMIDAL, orPYRAMI-
DICAL, like a pyrarnid.

PULPOSE-LEAF, is a leaf
having a flelhy or ■ pulpy fub-
fiance.

PUNCTATED, marked with
hollow dots or points.

PUNCd'UM, a hollow dot or
point.

(T

C^.UADRANGULAR, hav-
f ing four angles.

QUADRIDEN r ATED,hav-

ing lour dents or points.

QUADRIFID; divided into
four parts,

QUADRILOCULAR, hav-
ing- four cells.

QUADRIPARTITE, having
four divifions down to the bale.

QUADRISULCATED, hav-
ing four furrows lengthways.
QUADRUPLEX, fourfold.
OyiNQUANGULAR, hav-
ing five angles.

QUINC^IFID, a quinquifd-
leaf confifts of five divifions with
linear finufesy and firaight mar-
gins,

OyiNQlJELOBED, having
five lobes,

QUINQIJEPARllTE, hav-
ing five divifions down to the
bafe.

QJJINQUEDENTATO-
ACUMINATED, having five
points that are Iharp.

R.

Racemose or ramose,

abounding with branches.
RADIATED-FLOWERS,a-e
fuch as have feveral femfiofculcs
fee round a difit. in lorin of a - 1-
diant.

The G L O S S A R Y.

255

diant liar, thofe which have no
i'uch rays are called £iiJ\ous-jH^n.v£rs,

RAOICATEO, a rcJicatcd-
hafi^ a leaf ihccting out roots.

RADICAL^ b loiig!i5g to cne
root,

K.ADIUS, is the femiftofeuUs
that I'urround the diGt.

RAMOSE, vide racemo/e,

ray, vide rad. us,

RECEPTACLE, that part of
a plant to which the flower of
the fruit adheres, which varies
in V .rioiis genera.

P^.ECURkEN^, running
backwards.

REPENT, creeping and {hoot-
ing out here and t.nere.

REnCULO-VENOSE,arr-
ticuU-^-venefe leaf, is a leaf whole
fjrface is fail of veins fooiewhat
like net-woik.

RETUSE, when the apex of
2l leaf is olunt.

RHO.MBOIDAL, refembllng
Si R hem has ox Rhomb which is a
tjuauni-aceral hgure, whole iidcs
are equal and parallel, but the
angles unequal, two or the oppe-
fite ones being obtulc, ana the
other two acute.

R IN GEN f, perfonatei or

havinpr two lips.

RC^UNDO-OVATE, oval,
b‘'t rather roundiih.

ROTUNDO - TETRAGO-
NAL, having four angles rather
rounciilh.

RUGOSE, Rill of riig^ or
wrinkles,

S.

QAGITTATED, (haped like
an arrovv.

SCABROUS, having feveral
irregular promineaces cn liis fur-
face.

SCROTIFORM, in the form
of tiie Scrotum.

SEMIBllTD, half way divid-
ed into two.

^ SEMICORDATE, half cor-
date.

SEMICYLINDRICAL, like
a half cylinder.

SEMlORbICULAR, halfcr-
bicular.

SEMIOVAI., h^df oval.

SEMiQUiNQUlFlD, half
way divided into live.

SERRA TO-GLANDULOUS
bearing glands and partly ferra-
ted.

SESSILE, a feJJHe leaf grows
immediately to the ftem,

SE TACEOUS, 1 ke brihles.

SEXPARTITE, divided into
ll.'t pans,

SILICULOSA, 7 two orders
^SILIQUOSE, jiatheclafs

fetrad-:r,amia.

SIMPLE, or SIMPLEX, fim-
ple or fingle.

SIN U A TED, 2l fnuated leaf
is a leaf whofe hues are hollow-
ed of fcolioped.

SINUATO - SERR \TED',
ferrated and partly finuated.

SOLITARY, when fingle.

SiAADIX, the receptacle of a
palm, peduncle which proceeds
from 2. (pat ha,

SPATHA, a fort of calyx or
cup which ccnfifts of a fimple
membrane grovvmg from the
ftalti, and reiembles a fheath.

SPiNOSE, having fpines or
firong prickles, which proceed
from the wo^d of the Hern, and
not from the bark.

SQUAMA, a fcale.

SQUAMOSE, or SQUAM-
OUS, having fcales.

SQyAMULA,//,SQyAMU-

imall fcales.

SQUAR-

The GLOSSARY,

257

SQUARROUS, rough, fca-
ly, or fcurfy.

STALK, the terms ufed in
defcribing the Italk of a plant,
are i. Simple, is one that runs
up undivided from the root to
the top; 2. Naked, when it has
no leaves; 3. Foliose, when it
has leaves on; 4. Ramose, when
it fends out branches ; 5. Erect,
when it rifes up ilralght; 6. Ob-
lique, when flan ting ; 7. Vol-
ute, when it twills round other
things; 8. Flexous, when it
bends; 9. Reclinate, when
it ftoops towards the ground ;
io. Procumbent, when it lies
upon the ground; ii. Creep-
ing and Sarmentous, when it
emits roots as it runs along. If a
flalk makes two angles it is call-
ed Ancipital, if threeTRiGO-
nal, if four Square, if more
Polygonal, if it be lightly
ridged and furrowed on the fur-
face, it is faid to be Striated,
if more deeply furrowed Cana-
liculated or Chan NELL ld,

STAMINA, are the fmall
flandards in the inflde of the
flower, other wife called chives,
Jilaments, or threads.

STELLATE LEAVES, leaves
furrounding the Item, like the
rays of a circle.

STJGMA, pi STIGMATA,
is the fumrait of ihQ pijiil

STIPES, the bafe or trunk of
a frons and belongs to the palmce
felices or fungi.

STIPULyE, are fcales at the
bafe o? the petioli,
•STdPlTATED, is faid when
the trunk elevates the down, and
connedls it with the feed.

STRIATED, having a num-
ber of longitudinal furrows on
the furface.

STRIAL, arechannelled flreaks
running len^-thwife.

STRIGOSE, flilFwith bnflle%
STYLE, is a part of the piftil
placed on the germen, fupporting
the Jligmd.

SUhCORDATE, partly cov
date.

SUB GLOBOSE, partly
SUSOVATE, partly oVal.
SUBULA rO-C APILL ACE -
OUS, hairy and partly avvl-lhap-
ed.

SUBULATO-CAPILLARY,
the fame as Juhulato-cnpiilaeecus.

SUBULATO-LINEAR, is li-
near, but rather awl-fhaped.
SULC A’ FED, deeply furrowed.
SUTURE, a feam or flawing*

T.

TERMIN' ATORY, by a«r-

minatory flovjer is meant
the end flower.

TETRAPET ALDUS, having

four petals,

TETRAPHYLLOUS, having
four leaves.

TEf'RAGONx^L, four cor-
nered cr fquare.

TOMENTOSE, a tomentofe
. leaf is covered over with a whit-
ifli down like wool.

TOROSE, b.^awny protube-
rances, like the fwelling of the
veins, when a feed-veflel is bunch-
ed by the inclofed feeds.

TRICOCCOUS, a tricocccus
cap fide, is a capjule Vv^ith three
cells, and a Angle feed in each cell,
I'RIFID, cut into three parts.
TRIFOLIATE, having three
leaves.

TRiCUSPIDATED, three
pointed.

TRIDENTATED, having

three dents.

LL

TRI-

\

258 The G L O

TRIGONAL, having three
fides.

TRILOBED, having three
lobes.

TRILOCULAR, having
three cells,

TRIPHYLLOUS, having
three leaves.

TRIPARTITE, divided into
three parts,

TRIPARTITO-MULTIFID
partly tripartite and partly multi-
fd.

TRIQiJETROUS, having
three plain fides.

TRISULCATED, having
three furrows.

TRUNCATED, an appella-
tipn given to fuch leaves as have
or feem to have their points cut
off.

TUBERCLE, a kind of round
turgid root, in form of a knob or
turnip.

TUBERCULATO - CILIA-
TED, like the hair of the eye
brows with knobs.

TUBULOSE. or TUBULA-
TED, formed like a tube as are
mod of the lahiated fiouoers,

TUNICATED, having coats
cne over the other.

TURBINATED,fignifiesrpi-
ral or wreathed from a larger
bafis to a point.

TURBIN ATO - CORDATE,
partly cordate and partly turbi-
nafed.

TURGID, fwollen or puffed
out,

U.

UMBEL, or UMBRELLA,
fee plate V. figure 113
which reprefents an umbelliferous
fio'Vjer.

s s A R Y.

UMBELLULA, a fmall um-
bel.

'UMBELLICATED, a peltate
leaf fhaped like a navel at the
infertlon of the foot-ftalk.
UNCINATED, hooked.
UNDULATED, waved.
UNDUE ATO-SERRATED,
fer rated and partly waved.

UNGUES, nails or claws, are
thofe parts of a petal that are
joined to the receptacle,

UNGUICULATED, having
ungues,

UNILOCULAR, having one
cell.

V.

VAI,VULA, or VALVES, a
partition of the external
cover of a capfule,

VARIEGATED, of different
colours.

VENOSE, having veins.
VENl'RICOSE, narrow at
each extremity and fwelling out
in the middle.

VERRUCOSE, having little
knobs or warts on the furface,
VERTICILLATE, placed in
whorls, i, e. branches, flowers,
or leaves furrounding the Item,
like the rays of a wheel.

VERSATILE, is when the
anthera is fixed by the middle on
the point of the filament, and fo
poifed as to turn like the needle
of a compafs.

VEXILLUM, is that part of
a papilionaceous flo<iver that lays
over the wings and the keel.
VILLOSE, having foft hair.

A N

X

AN-

I

I N D E

O F T H E

LATIN NAMES,

^^CHILLEA

Acorus

208

Antirrhinum

141

71

Antlumis

207

Acrojiicum

242

Anthericum

69

Ait^ea

1 1 1

Anihyllis

169

Adtanthum

244

Apium

60

Adonis

118

Aphanes

18

Adoxa

82

Aquilegia

i»5

JEgopodiuitt

60

ArStium

193

^thuja

54

Aren aria

93

Agrimonia i

loi

Artemejia

19S

Agrojlema

96

Arum

225

Ajuga ^

*23

Afarum

99

Alchemilla

J7

A/paragus

69

Alifma

75

Afperugo

25

Allium

66

Ajptrula

J3

Aljine

60

Ajphcdelus

68

Aithaa

164

Alplentu?n

242

Amaranthus

229

. Ajier

203

Anagallis

29

Ajlragalus

176

Anchufa

22

Athamantha

48

Andromeda

85

Atriplex

_ . 238

Anemone

117

Atrc^pa

35

Anethum

58

Ballota

130

Angelica ^

51

Bartjia

137

Belli^

E X.

I N D

Bdlis

205

Beta

40

Betontca

129

Bidens

197 V

Blackflonia

8o

Bcra^o

24

BraJJica

156

Bryonia

232 '

Bujonia -

19 ^

Bulhocodium

66

Butiiufn

47

Bunias

139

Bupleurum

44 "

Butomus

CalUt riche

2

Call ha ^

121

Campanula

31

Carduus

194

Cardamine

152

Cailina

iq6

Carum

"59

Caucalis

46

Centaurea

2C9

Centunculus

•*7

Cerajiium

97 ■

Ceratcphyllum

229

C hoerophyllum

Cheira,nthus

155

Chenopodiunt

39

Chsiidonium

III

Chryfanihemum

206

Chry Jo fplcnium

86

C ichor ium

192

Cicttta

54

Circnea

3

Cijius

1 14

Clematis

1 17

Clinopodlum

- 132

Cochliaria

150

Colchicum

'■ 75 '

Com arum

110

Conium

48

Conuallaria

70

Ccnmol^ulus

3^>

Cony^a

200

Coriandrum

, '■ 55

Cotyledon

94

Cramhe

1 60

Crepis

190

Cnthmum

49

Crocus

10

' Cucubalus

90

Cyno^lcJJum

22

Cypripedium

223

Datura

34

Daucus

47

.Delphinium - -

1 15

Dentaria

151

Dianthus

89

Digitalis

144

Dip^acus

1 2

Draba

147

Drofera

63

Dryas j

1 10

Echinophora

*

Echium

26

Elatine

83

Epilobium

77

Equifetum

240

Erica

79

Erigeron

201

Er^um

174

Eryngium

42

Eryjemum

154

Eupatorium

197

Euphorbia

102

Euphrajia

138

Eicaria

122

Filago

210

Fragaria

107

Frankenia

73.

F ritillaria

^7,

Fumaria

166

Gallecpjls

128

Gallium

114

Genijia

68

Gentiana

41

Geranium

161

Geum

109

Glaux

36

Glechoma

127

Gnaphalium

199

'Hedyfarum

176

'Helleborus

121

Heracleum

50

Herniaria

' 38

Be/peris

I N'

Hefperis

■

Hteracium

■ 188

Htppocrepis

175

Hippuris

2

Hottonia

28'

Humiilus

' 233

Hycrcinihus

70

Hydrocharis

236

Jiydrocotyle

43

Hjcfcyatnus

'34

Hycferis

' . 190

liyfer icum

iSi

Hypochcerls

. 191''

lijtr is

• 151'

niece brum

3^,

Imp at i til s

214

Inula

204

Iris

10

IJhtis

159

‘JaJione

212

“j uncus

7i

Laliuca

186

Lamium

^ 127

lapfana

192

Lathraa

139

Lathyrus

171

La^atera

164

Lemna

227

Leontodon

187

Leonurus

131

Lepidium

148

higujiicum

50

L imojella

143

hinum

62

titho/permum

21

Lobelia

212

Lotus

179

Lychnis

97

Lycoptis

7

Lycopjis

25

Lythi um

ICO

Lyjimachia

28

Malnja

165

Marrulium

130

Matricaria

2c6

Medicago

179

Mclcmpyrum

138

UdiJJd

J34

E - X.

MelTitis

134

Mentha

V ‘ I25‘

Menyanthes

27

M&rctirialis

235

Monotrcpa

8^

Monti a

1 1

My a grunt

146

My 6J Otis

21

Myofurus

, * 64

M) riophyllum

■230

NcifxiJJus

‘ 65

Nepeta

-125

Myinphrsa

'413

C^nanihe

"453

Ononis

'169

Onopordum

5;.

Ophioglojj'um

241

O'phrys

‘222

Orchis

215

Origanum

■ 132

Ot tiithcgalum

Ornithopus

■^i74

Grobus

' ''17 1

Ofmunda

'2.41'

Othcnna

• •• 'N2i6

Oxalis

‘ 96

Papaver

112

Parietaria

238

Paris

82

ParnaJJia

61

Pafiinaca

57

Pedicularis

140

Peplis

73

Peteris

242

Peucedanum

49

Phellandrium

54

Phyleuma

32

Pier is

Pimpinella

' 59

Pinguicula

5

Pijum

17^

Plantago

15

Polemonium

30

Polygala

167

Polygonum

80

Poly podium

243

Potent ilia

107

Potamogeton

19

Poterium

1 N D 'E X.

Poterium

231

Smyrnium

5^

Prenanthes

187

Solanum

36

Primula

26

Solidago

204

Prunella

136

Sonchus

186

Pulmonaria

23

Spartium

j68

Pyrola

85

Spergula

' 98

Ranunculus

II9

Spa tea

106

Raphanus

158

Stachys

129

Rejeda

101

Statice

51

Rhinanthus

137

Stellaria

92

Rhodiola

234

Stratiotes

1 16

Rubia

15

Subularia

H7

Rumex

74

Suoertia

41

Ru/cus

. 236

Sj Mphj turn

24.

Sagina

20

^amnus

234

Sagittaria

231

Tanacetum

198

Salicornia

I

Teucrium

124

Sal/ola

40

Thejium

37

^al'via

8

y halidrum

118

Samolus

33

Thlajpi

149

Sanguiforha

17

P hymns

133

Samciila

44

'Tordylium

45

B upon arid

88

P'ormentilla

1 09

Satyrium

220

^ragopogon

184

SaxiJ'raga

87

Trichomancs

245

Stabiofa

12

Trientalis

76

Scandix

5^

T rifolium

177

Scilla

68

^rollius

120

Scleranthus

88

Turrit is

156

Scrophularia

142

TuJJilago

201

Scutellaria

135

Vrtica

227'

Sedum

94

Utricularia

, 6

Sene do

202

V accinium

78

Semper<viajum

105

1 Valantia

237

Serratula

193

V aleriana

9

Serapias

224

Vella

147

Sefeli

57

V <;rbena

7

Sherardia

18

V ^,rbafcum

33

Sibbaldia

64

V eronica

3

Sibthorpia

H3

V tcta

173

Sihne

9‘

Vinca

37

Sinapis

157

Viola

213

Sifon

52

Xanthium

228

Sifyrnbrium

IS3

Zannichellia

226

Siam

51

AN

AN

INDEX

OF THE

ENGLISH N A M E S,

Adders Tongue
Aclianthum
Adonis flower
Agrimony

Dutch

Hemp

Alexanders

Alkalet

Aloe Water

Anemone

Angelica

Apple Thorny

Archangel

Arrow-head

Afarabacca

Afparagus

Afphodel

Avens

Awl-wort

Balm Ballard

Bafil

Beet Sea

Beli-flower

Bennet

241

244

118

loi

197

197

58

22

116

117

5*

34

127

230

99

69

68

109

147

134

132

40

3»

109

Betony

Bindweed

Bird’s-foot

Bird’s Nell

Biftort or Snakeweed

Elite

Borage

Bottles '

Broom

Broom Butcher’s
Briony Black
Bryonia
Buckbean
Bugle

Buglofs-Wild

Cowllips

Viper

Burdock

•LelTer

Burnet

Burnet

Butterwort or Yorklhire
Sanicle
Cabbage

129

3^>

174

H

So

229

24

209

168

236

234

232

27

J23

25
23

26
193
228

17

231

ic6

Calamint

!

INDEX,

Cakmint 134

Camomile 207

Campion 97

Campion, Vifcous or Catch-fly 91
Caraways 59

Carnation 89

Carrot Wild 47

Celendine 'III

Charlock ' 158

Chick weed - 93

Baftard 19

— Berry bearing 9c

.. ...-Common 60

V.kter J 1

Cicely Wild 5^

Cinquefoil 107

Baflard 64

— — Marlh 1 10

Ciftus *14

Clary 8

Coal wort 15^

Cockle 96

• 'Head 176

Colt’s-foot 201

Columbines 115

Conifrey 24

Coriander 5^

Cow- wheat 137 138

Cram be 160

CraneflDill i6i

Crels Rocket ’ 147

Crefles Water 153

Crofs-wort or Mugweed 237
Crowfoot 119

Cudweed 199

Cudweed 210

Daffodil 63

Chequered 67

Daify ' 205

Dandelion 187

Dead Nettle, flinkins: 128

Dili 58

Dittander 148-

Dropwortl 106

-\Vater 53

Dryas ‘ 1 10

Dace’s Meat 227

Eartii, 47

I Elecampane
Enchanter’s Nightfliade

Krigeron 201

Eyebright, Cow-wheat 337

Eyebright 133

Eennel Hogs

Fern, Forked 242

Fern Brakes 242

Feverfew 206

'"'ig-wort 142

Pinkie or Dill 38

Flag, fweet Smelling 71

Flax 62

Fieabane 200 201

Flower de Luce 10

Fox-glove 14^

Fritiliary 67

Frog- bit 236

Fumitory 166

Garlick 66

Gentian or Fellwort 41

■ Marlh 41

Germander Tree 124.

Gilly-Fiower 89

Gladiole, Water 212

Giaffwort, Prickly 41

Globe-flower 120

Goat’s-beard ' 184

Gold of Pleafure 146

Gclden Rod 204

Gout Weed . 60

Grafs of Parnaffus 61

Green Weed 168

Gromwel 21

Gound Ivy 127

Groundfel 202

Kart’s Tongue 242

Hawkweed 1 88

Baflard 190

Heath Sea 73

Heath or Ling . 79

Hellebore 224

-7~- Black 121

Hemlock 48 — 54

Water 54

Henbane ' 34

Herb Chriflopher t i n
— - Gerard 60

Holly

D E- X.

I N

Holly or Eryngo

■ Knee

Hooded Millfoil
Hops

Horehound
— -Bafe

-Sinking

-Water

Horfe Tail
Hound’s Tongue
Houfeleek 94-

Hyacinth or Harebells
Hypo hccris
Jacob’s Ladder
Knawell

Knot Grafs, Verticillate
Ladies Bedltraw

— --—Finger

— Mantle

■ — • Slipper

— Smock

Larkfpur

Lettuce

•—— Ivy leaved
Lilly of the Valley

Water

Liquorice
Loofe Strife
Loufe-wort
Madder, W' ild

Field

Madwort German
M allow

—-—•Sea-Tree
Mare’s I'ail
Marigold, Corn
Marjoram
Marjfli Mallow
" Marigold
Mercury

• Englifh

Millfoil Hooded

■ W’'ater

Milkwort

'Sea

42

236

6

233

130

129

130
7

240

22

.105

7^

191

3^

86

14

169

17

223

152

I 15

186

187

7c

1 13

176

100

140

15

18

25

165

164

2

206

164

121

233

230

167

M

Milkwort, Purple
Mint

Mithridate
rvloneywort, Ballard
Mofchatei

Motherwort or Lion’s Tail
Moufe Ear Chickweed

Scorpion Grafs

Molife Tail
^4uliein

Mullard, Common

Hedge

Mithridate

— 1 ower

— IVeacle

Nap or Cat-mint

Navel-wort

Nettle

NightHiade, Common

Deadly

Enchanters

Nipple-wort
Orchis I
Cphrys
Orache

Cfniund Royal
ParnalTus, Grafs of
Parfiey

Ballard Stone

Corn

— -Fools

■ Piert

Sea

Parfnip Cow

Sea

Water

, Wild

Pea

— Heath
Pea. 1- wort

Pf llitory of the Wall
Penny- wort
Periwinkle
Pheafant’s Eye
Picris
m .

File-

*77

02

*35

97

21

33

157

154

1-19

156

149

1^5,

94

227

3^

35

3

192

215

222

238

241

61

45
52

46

54

18

5^

50

45

51

57

170

171
20

23S

43

37

118

185

wort

I N

D E X.

Pllc-wort

Piir-pernel

-Baflard
-round leaved

Plantain
-———-Baflard
Water

Polypody

Pondweed

■Horned

Poppy

Primrofe

Purflane

Quick in the Hand
Rag-wort
Rampions Horned
’ Rattle Yellow
P.ell Harrow
Rocket

— — — Baftard

Crefs

Rock Crefs
Rofe-xnary
Rofewort
Royal, Ofmund
Rue Meadow
Rufk '

— : — Flowering
Rupture-wort
Sage of Jerufalem

Wood

Saffron

Mountain

— Meadow

*9^

1Z2

29

33

*5

H3

75

243

229
226
1 1 2
26
73

2i4

210

32

137

169

159

lOi

147

I5I

85

234

241

1.8

7*

83

38

23

125

10

66

75

49

1

45

44

Scabi!

-Hairy Sheep

Samphire • ‘

Sampire M^rfh cr-Saltwort

or Sea Parfnep

Sanicle

Sanicle, Butter-wort orYorkfli. 5
Satyrion 220

Saw-wort ' 193

Saxifrage 87

Golden 86

Burnet 59

^ — Meadow 5 7

If

212

*35

150

136

56

60

141

88

74

96

198

3

69

48

102

98

68

Scull Cap
Scurvy Grafs
Self-heal

Shepherd’s Needle
Smallage
Snap Dragon
Soap-wort
Sorrel (>r R umex

Wood

Southernwood
Speedwell
Spider-wort
Spignel
Spurge
Spurry
Squills

Star-w'ort or Star-headed 1

Water C hick weed J ^
Star-wort 203

Star of Bethlehem 67

Stinking dead Nettle 128

Stitch-wort 92

St John’s Wort 181

Strawberry 107

Succory. 192

— - - -Swines . J90

Sun-dew 63

Tanfey 198

Tare 174

Teafel , • ■ / 12

Thiflle 194,

ThiFle Cotton J96

Carline 196

Sow 186

Thorow Wax 44

Thrift 61

Thyme 133

Toad Flax, Baflard 37

■ Common 142

Tooth- wort 139

1 ormentil *■ IQ9

Traveller’s Joy . 117

Trefoil 177

Trefoil

N

D E X

I

Trefoil, Bird’s-foot

Marfh

Snail

Trichomanes

True Love or one Berry

Tuberous Mofchatcl

Valerian

— - Greek

Venus Comb

.Vervain

Vetch

— — Chickling

Horfelhoe

— Kidney
Violet

179

27

179

245

82

82

9

30

56

7

173

171

175

169

-213

Violet, Dame’s
— — Water
Wake Robin
Wall Flower
Water Ciefs

Lilly

wort

Whitlow Grafs
Whortle Berries
Willow Herb 28, 77^
Winter Green '

Chick weed

Woad

Wood Roof
Yarrow

*55
, 28
225
*55
*53

*13

83

*47

78

1 00
76

159

*3

208

V