m

I

I

CHEAP BOOKS,

PUBLISHED AND FOR SALE BY

GRIGG & ELLIOT,

No. 9, N. FOURTH ST., PHILADELPHIA,
And for Sale by Booksellers generally in the United States.

THE following books are particularly adapted for family reading, and we
| do hope, as our political troubles are ended for awhile, that our friends will
now settle down to their " sober second thoughts," and as " knowledge is
power," and " information capital," that instead of being satisfied with the
periodical trash of the day, they will store their minds with something
more solid, and for that purpose make a selection from the following list :

MASON'S POPULAR SYSTEM OF FARRIERY; comprising a
general description of the noble and useful animal the Horse, together with
the quickest and simplest mode of fattening ; necessary treatment while
undergoing excessive fatigue, or on a journey ; the construction and man-
agement of stables ; different marks for ascertaining the age of a Horse :
also, a concise account of the diseases to which the Horse is subject ; with
such remedies as long experience has proved to be effectual. 'By Richard
Mason, M. D., formerly of Surrey Co., Va. Ninth edition, with additions.
To which is added, a Prize Essay on Mules, and Jin Appendix containing
observations and recipes for the cure of most of the common distempers
incident to Horses, Oxen, Cows, Calves, Sheep, Lambs, Swine, Dogs, &c.
&c. Selected from different authors. Also, an Addenda, containing Annals
of the Turf, American Stud Book, Rules for Training, Racing, &c.

The publishers have received numerous flattering notices of the great practical
value of these works. The distinguished editor of the American Farmer, speak-
ing of them, observes — "We cannot too highly recommend these books, and
therefore advise every owner of a horse to obtain them."

THE STOCK RAISERS MANUAL; a Guide to the raising and im-
provement of Cattle, being a Treatise on their Breeds, Management and
Diseases. By W. Youatt, author of a "Treatise on the Horse," with
numerous Illustrations. Complete in 1 vol. 8vo.

This work will be found of the greatest importance to Farmers and Cattle Rais-
ers throughout the United States, and should be in the possessiorvof every Farmer,
as it is the most complete work on this subject ever published.

' HIND'S POPULAR SYSTEM OF FARRIERY, taught on a new
and easy plan, being a Treatise on all the diseases and accidents to which
the Horse is liable. With considerable additions and improvements,
adapted particularly to this country, by Thomas M. Smith, Veterinary Sur-
geon, and Member of the London Veterinary Medical Society. In 1 vol.
! 12mo.

CHEAP BOOKS PUBLISHED BY GR1GG & ELLIOT.

LETTERS FROM A FATHER TO HIS SONS IN COLLEGE.
By Samuel Miller, D. D., Professor in the Theological Seminary, Prince-
ton, New Jersey.

The writer of this volume has had five sons trained and graduated in the Colilge
of New Jersey. These Letters, not indeed precisely in their present form, but
in substance, were actually addressed to them. There is, probably, not one idea
contained in this manual which was not, during their course in the Institution, dis-
tinctly communicated to them, either orally or in writing. The influence of these
counsels on their minds, it is believed, was not wholly useless. May they prove
still more useful when presented in this revised and more public form.

THE IMPORTANCE OF FAMILY RELIGION ; with a Selection
of Hymns and Prayers, adapted to Family Worship, and Tables for the
regular Reading of the Scriptures. By the Rev. S. G. Winchester, A. M.,
late Pastor of the Sixth Presbyterian Church, Philadelphia, and the Pres-
byterian Church at Natchez, Miss. In 1 vol. 12mo.

The subject is one of incalculable practical importance, and is treated in a mas-
terly manner. It contains an able, elaborate and highly instructive Essay on the
obligation, nature and importance of Family Religion ; and we hope, ere long, it
will be found in the Library of every family.

BOOK OF POLITENESS.— The Gentleman and Lady's Book of Po-
liteness and Propriety of Deportment. Dedicated to the Youth of both
sexes. By Madame Celnart. Translated from the Sixth Paris edition,
enlarged and improved. Fifth American edition.

THE BEAUTIES OF HISTORY, or Examples of the Opposite
Effects of Virtue and Vice, for the use of Schools and Families, with
Questions for the Examination of Students. 1 vol. 12mo., with plates.

This work is introduced into our High School. It is particularly adapted for a
Class Book in all our male and female Seminaries, &c.

"We have received from the publishers, Messrs. Grigg & Elliot, a very neat
duodecimo volume, entitled ' The Beauties of History ; or, Examples of the oppo-
site effects of Virtue and Vice, drawn from real life.' After a careful examination
of this book, we can conscientiously recommend it to parents and teachers as a
most meritorious performance. There are here collected, within a narrow com-
pass, the most striking examples of individual virtue and vice which are spread
forth on the pages of history, or are recorded in personal biography. The noblest
precepts are recommended for the guidance of youth ; and in the most impressive
manner is he taught to conquer the degrading impulses which lower the standard
of the human character. We have not lately met with a volume which, in design
and execution, seemed so acceptable as this. The book, moreover, is handsomely
got up, and illustrated with wood engravings."

GRIMSHAW'S LADIES' LEXICON, and Parlour Companion; con-
taining nearly every word in the English language, and exhibiting the
plurals of nouns and the participles of verbs, being also particularly adapted
to the use of Academies and Schools. By William Grimshaw, Esq., author
of the Gentlemen's Lexicon, &c.

THE GENTLEMEN'S LEXICON, or Pocket Dictionary; containing
nearly every word in the English language, and exhibiting the plurals of
nouns and the participles of verbs ; being also particularly adapted to the
use of Academies and Schools. By William Grimshaw, author of the
Ladies' Lexicon, History of England, of the United States, &c.

" Tue public are again indebted to the talents of Mr. Grimshaw, for the very
useful books which he has called ' The Ladies' and Gentlemen's Lexicon.' The
peculiarity and advantages of these works may be collected from the following

CHEAP BOOKS PUBLISHED BY GRIGG & ELLIOT.

portion of the preface. ' They differ from all preceding works of the kind in this,
that they exhibit the plurals of all nouns which are not formed by the mere addi-
tion of the letter S, and also the participles of every verb now generally used, and
unless accompanied by a particular caution. No word has been admitted which is
not now of polite or popular use, and no word has been excluded which is required
either in epistolary composition or conversation.' "

A DICTIONARY OF SELECT AND POPULAR QUOTATIONS,

which are in daily use : taken from the Latin, French, Greek, Spanish, and
Italian languages ; together with a copious collection of Law maxims and
Law terms ; translated into English, with illustrations, historical and idio-
matic. Sixth American edition, corrected with additions. 1 vol. 12mo.

In preparing this sixth edition for the press, care has been taken to give the work
a thorough revisionr to correct some errors which had before escaped notice, and
to insert many additional Quotations, Law maxims and Law terms. In this state
it is offered to the public in the stereotype form. This little work should find its
way into every family library.

MALTE-BRUN'S NEW AND ELEGANT QUARTO ATLAS;

containing forty coloured maps.

The Atlas is particularly adapted for Colleges, Academies, Schools, and private
families. There is no work that ever was published in this country which has
received more numerous and flattering recommendations.

THE AMERICAN CHESTERFIELD; or "Youth's Guide to the
Way to Wealth, Honor, and Distinction," &c. : containing also a complete
treatise on the art of Carving.

" We most cordially recommend the American Chesterfield to general atten-
tion; but to young persons particularly, as one of the best works of the kind that
has ever been published in this country. It cannot be too highly appreciated, nor
its perusal be unproductive of satisfaction and usefulness."

SENECA'S MORALS— By way of abstract to which is added, a Dis-
course under the title of an After-Thought, by Sir Roger L'Estrange, Knt.
A new fine edition, in 1 vol. 18mo.

A copy of this valuable little work should be found in every family library.

THE DAUGHTER'S OWN BOOK; Or Practical Hints from a Fa-
ther to his Daughter. In 1 vol. 18mo.

This is one of the most practical and truly valuable treatises on the culture and
discipline of the female mind, which has hitherto been published in this country,
and the publishers are very confident, from the great demand for this invaluable
little work, that ere long it will be found in the library of every young lady.

GOLDSMITH'S ANIMATED NATURE, in 2 vols. 8vo., beautifully
illustrated.

" Goldsmith can never be made obsolete, while delicate genius, exquisite feeling,
fine^invention, the most harmonious metre, and the happiest diction are at all
valued.''

This is a work that should be in the library of every family, being written by
one of the most talented authors in the English language.

THE WORKS OF LAURENCE STERNE, in 1 vol. 8vo., with a
life of the author, written by himself.

The beauties of this author are so well known, and his errors in style and
expression so few and far between, that one reads with renewed delight his deli-
cate turns, &c.

CHEAP BOOKS PUBLISHED BY GR1GG & ELLIOT.

JOSEPHUS'S (FLAVIUS) WORKS. By the late William Whiston,
A. M. From the last London edition, complete.

As a matter of course, every family in our country has a copy of the Holy Bible
—and as the presumption is, the greater portion often consult its pages, we take
the liberty of saying to all those that do, that the perusal of the writings of Jose-
phus will be found very interesting and instructing.

All those who wish to possess a beautiful and correct copy of this invaluable
work, would do well to purchase this edition. It is for sale at all the principal
bookstores in the United States, by country merchants generally in the Southern
and Western States.

SAY'S POLITICAL ECONOMY. A Treatise on Political Economy,
or the Production, Distribution, and Consumption of Wealth. By Jean
Baptiste Say. Fifth American edition, with Additional Notes, by C. C.
Biddle, Esq., in 1 vol. 8vo.

The editor of the North American Review, speaking of Say, observes, that
" he is the most popular, and perhaps the most able writer on Political Economy,
since the time of Smith."

BENNET'S (Rev. John) LETTERS TO A YOUNG LADY, on a

variety of subjects calculated to improve the heart, to form the manners,
and enlighten the understanding. " That our Daughters may be as polished
corners of the Temple."

The publishers sincerely hope, (for the happiness of mankind,) that a copy of this
valuable little work .will be found the companion of every young lady, as much of
the happiness of every family depends on the proper cultivation of the female mind.

BURDER'S VILLAGE SERMONS, or 101 plain and short Discourses
on the principal doctrines of the Gospel ; intended for the use of families,
Sunday schools, or companies assembled for religious instruction in country
villages. By George Burder. To which is added, to each Sermon, a short
Prayer, with some general prayers for families, schools, &c., at the end of
the work. Complete in 1 vol. 8vo.

These sermons, which are characterized by a beautiful simplicity, the entire
absence of controversy, and a true evangelical spirit, have gone through many and
large editions, and been translated into several of the continental languages.
" They have also been the honored means not only of converting many individuals,
but also of introducing the Gospel into districts, and even into parish churches,
where before it was comparatively unknown."

" This work fully deserves the immortality it has attained."
This is a fine library edition of this invaluable work, and when we say that it
should be found in the possession of every family, we only reiterate the sentiments
and sincere wishes of all who take a deep interest in the eternal welfare of mankind.

NEW SONG BOOK.— Grigg's Southern and Western Songster ; being
a choice collection of the most fashionable songs, many of which are ori-
ginal, in 1 vol. 18mo.

Great care was taken in the selection, to admit no song that contained, in the
slightest degree, any indelicate or improper allusions, and with great propriety it
may claim the title of " The Parlour Song Book or Songster." The immortal
Shakspeare observes —

''The man that hath not music in himself,
Nor is not moved with concord of sweet sounds,
Is fit for (reasons, stratagems, and spoils."

FAMILY PRAYERS AND HYMNS, adapted to family worship, and
tables for the regular reading of the Scriptures. By Rev. S. C. Winches-
ter, A. M., late Pastor of the Sixth Presbyterian Church, Philadelphia, and
the Presbyterian Church at Natchez, Miss. 1 vol. 12mo.

CHEAP BOOKS PUBLISHED BY GRIGG & ELLIOT. 5

BYRON'S WORKS, complete in 1 vol. 8vo., including all his Sup-
pressed and Attributed Poems.

$3= This edition has been carefully compared with the recent London edition of
Mr. Murray, and made complete by the addition of more than fifty pages of poems
heretofore unpublished in England. Among these there are a number that have
never appeared in any American edition ; and the Publishers believe they are war-
ranted in saying, that this is the most complete edition of Lord Byron's Poetical
Works ever published in the United States.

COWPER AND THOMSON'S PROSE AND POETICAL WORKS,

complete in 1 vol. 8vo., including two hundred and fifty Letters, and sundry
Poems of Cowper, never before published in this country; and of Thom-
son a new and interesting Memoir, and upwards of twenty new Poems, for
the first time printed from his own Manuscripts, taken from a late edition
of the Aldine Poets now publishing in London.

The distinguished Professor Silliman, speaking of this edition, observes, " I am
as much gratified by the elegance and fine taste of your edition, as by the noble
tribute 01 genius and moral excellence which these delightful authors have left for
all future generations; and Cowper especially, is not less conspicuous as a true
Christian moralist and teacher, than as a poet of great power and exquisite taste."

THE POETICAL WORKS OF MRS. HEMANS, complete in 1 vol.

8vo.

95° This is a new and complete edition, with a splendid engraved likeness of
Mrs. Hemans, on steel.

" As no work in the English language can be commended with more confidence,
it will argue bad taste in a female in this country to be without a complete edition
of the writings of one who was an honor to her sex and to humanity, and whose
productions, from first to last, contain no syllable calculated to call a blush to the
cheek of modesty and virtue. There is, moreover, in Mrs. Hemans' poetry a
moral purity, and a religious feeling, which commend it, in an especial manner, to
the discriminating reader. No parent or guardian will be under the necessity of
imposing restrictions with regard to the free perusal of every production emanating
from this gifted woman. There breathes throughout the whole a most eminent
exemption from impropriety of thought or diction ; and there is at times a pen-
siveness of tone, a winning sadness in her more serious compositions, which tells
of a soul which has been lifted from the contemplation of terrestrial things, to
divine communings with beings of a purer world."

THE POETICAL WORKS OF ROGERS, CAMPBELL, MONT-
GOMERY, LAMB, AND KIRK WHITE, complete in 1 vol. 8vo.

MILTON, YOUNG, GRAY, BEATTIE, AND COLLINS' POETI-
CAL WORKS, complete in 1 vol. 8vo.

HEBER, POLLOK AND CRABBE'S POETICAL WORKS, com-
plete in 1 vol. 8vo.

" Among the beautiful, valuable, and interesting volumes which the enterprise
and taste of our publishers have presented to the reading community, we have sel-
dom met with one which we have more cordially greeted and can more confidently
and satisfactorily recommend, than that, embracing in a single, substantial, well-
bound, and handsomely printed octavo, the poetical works of Bishop Heber, Ro-
bert Pollok, and the Rev. George Crabbe. What a constellation of poetic ardor,
glowing piety, and intellectual brilliaficy ! Such writers require no eulogy. Their
fame is established and universal. The sublimity, pathos, and piety of all these
writers, have given them a rank at once with the lovers of poetry and the friends
of religion, unsurpassed perhaps by that of any other recent authors in our lan-
guage. A more delightful addition could scarcely be made to the library of the
gentleman or lady of taste and refinement. The prize poems, hymns, and mis-

6 CHEAP BOOKS PUBLISHED BY GR1GG & ELLIOT.

cellaneous writings of Bishop Heber, the ' Course of Time' by Pollok, and the
rich, various, and splendid productions of the Rev. George Crabbe, are among the
standard works, the classics of our language. To obtain and preserve them in
one volume, cannot but be a desirable object to their admirers." And it is to be
hoped it will be found in the library of every family.

A writer in the Boston Traveller holds the following language with reference to
these valuable editions :

Mr. Editor — I wish, without any idea of puffing, to say a word or two upon the
" Library of English Poets" that is now published at Philadelphia, by Grigg &,
Elliot ; it is certainly, taking into consideration the elegant manner in which it is
printed, and the reasonable price at which it is afforded to purchasers, the best
edition of the modern British Poets that has ever been published in this country.
Each volume is an octavo of about 500 pages, double columns, stereotyped, and
accompanied with fine engravings, and biographical sketches, and most of them
are reprinted from Galignani's 1 rench edition. As to its value we need only men-
tion that it contains the entire works of Montgomery, Gray, Beattie, Collins, By-
ron, Cowper, Thomson, Burns, Milton, Young, Scott, Moore, Coleridge, Rogers,
Campbell, Lamb, Hemans, Heber, Kirk White, Crabbe, the Miscellaneous Works
of Goldsmith, and other martyrs of the lyre. The publishers are doing a great
service by their publication, and their volumes are almost in as great demand as
the fashionable novels of the day, and they deserve to be so, for they are certainly
printed in a style superior to that in which we have before had the works of the
English Poets.

BIGLANDS NATURAL HISTORY of Animals, Birds, Fishes, Rep-
tiles and Insects, illustrated with numerous and beautiful engravings. By
John Bigland, author of a " View of the World," " Letters on Universal
History^' &c. Complete in 1 vol. 12mo.

&5~ This work is particularly adapted for the use of Schools and Families, form-
ing the most elegantly written and complete work on the subject of Natural His-
tory ever published, and is worthy of the special attention of the Teachers of all
our Schools and Academies.

BIGLAND'S NATURAL HISTORY OF ANIMALS, illustrated with
12 beautifully coloured engravings.

BIGLAND'S HISTORY OF BIRDS, illustrated with 12 beautifully
coloured engravings.

PERSIA. A DESCRIPTION OF. By Shoberl, with 12 coloured
plates.

These works are got up in a very superior style, and well deserve an introduction
to the shelves of every family library, as they are very interesting, and particularly
adapted to the juvenile class of readers.

CONVERSATIONS ON ITALY, in English and French, designed for
the use of Schools, Academies, &c., by Miss Julia S. Hawkes, in 1 vol.
12mo.

$?T This work is spoken very highly of by Miss C. Beecher, (who formerly
taught in Hartford, Conn., and who has done as much for the elevation of the
female character, and for education generally, as any other lady in this country),
and has received the highest recommendation from our most distinguished Teach-
ers, and the American Press.

Miss Hawkes was for many years, and now is, one of the most accomplished and
distinguished female teachers in the City of Philadelphia.

SMILEY'S ARITHMETICAL RULES AND TABLES, for young
beginners.

This is the oest work oT the kind now in print ; but teachers are particularly
requested to examine for themselves.

CHEAP BOOKS PUBLISHED BY GRIGG & ELLIOT.

SMILEY'S ARITHMETIC, or the New Federal Calculator, in dollars
and cents. This work contains, among other important improvements,
Questions on the Rules and Theory of Arithmetic, which are considered by
teachers generally, very conducive to the improvement of the pupil.

Although a prejudice exists among some teachers in favour of the old works on
arithmetic, yet the very liberal patronage which this work has received, must be
considered as decisive evidence of the great estimation in which it is held by most
of the instructors of youth. Upwards of 250,000 copies have been printed' and
sold. The s*ums being altogether in dollars and cents, gives it a decided preference
over any other arithmetic in use. The most distinguished teachers of pur city
pronounce it superior to any other like work ; therefore the publisher sincerely
hopes this useful improvement will overcome the prejudice that many teachers
have to introducing new works, particularly those preceptors who wish to discharge
their duty faithfully to parent and child.

The editors of the New York Telegraph, speaking of Smiley's Arithmetic,
observe, " We do not hesitate to pronounce it an improvement upon every work
of that kind previously before the public, and as such recommend its adoption in
all our schools and academies.' '

A .KEY TO THE ABOVE ARITHMETIC ; in which all the exam-
ples necessary for a learner are wrought at large, and also solutions given
of all the various rules. Designed principally to facilitate the labour of
teachers, and assist such as have not the opportunity of a tutor's aid. By
T. T. Smiley, author of the New Federal Calculator, &c. &c.

CONVERSATIONS ON CHEMISTRY; in which the Elements of
that Science are familiarly explained and illustrated by Experiments and
Engravings on wood. From the last London edition. In which all the
late Discoveries and Improvements are brought up to the present time, by
Dr. Thomas P. Jones.

All preceptors who have a sincere desire to impart a correct knowledge of this
important science to their pupils, will please examine the present edition, as the
correction of all the errors in the body of the work renders it very valuable.

The eminent Professor Bigelow, of Harvard University, in noticing this work,
observes, " I am satisfied that it contains the fundamental principles and truths of
that science, expressed in a clear, intelligible, and interesting manner. The high
character of the author, as a lecturer, and a man of science, will, I doubt not,
secure for the work the good opinion of the public, and cause its extensive adoption
among seminaries and students."

The learned Professor Silliman observes, that this edition is decidedly more
valuable than any preceding one.

CONVERSATIONS ON NATURAL PHILOSOPHY; in which
the Elements of that Science are familiarly explained. Illustrated with
plates. By the author of " Conversations on Chemistry," &c. With con-
siderable additions, corrections, and improvements in the body of the work,
appropriate Questions, and a Glossary. By Dr. Thomas P. Jones.

The correction of all the errors in the body of the work, renders this edition
very valuable ; and all who understand the subject, consider it superior to any
other in use.

CARPENTER'S NEW GUIDE. Being a complete Book of Lines,
for Carpentry, Joinery, &c., in 1 vol. 4to.

The Theory and Practice well explained, and fully exemplified on eighty-
four copperplates, including some observations, &c., on the strength of
Timber ; by Peter Nicholson. Tenth edition.

This invaluable work superseded, on its first appearance, all existing works on
the subject, and still retains its original celebrity.

Every Carpenter in our country should possess a copy of this invaluable work.

8

CHEAP BOOKS PUBLISHED BY GR1GG & ELLIOT.

WEEMS' LIFE OF GEN. MARION.
WEEMS' LIFE OF GEN. WASHINGTON.
LIFE OF ANDREW JACKSON. ;
GRIMSHAWT'S HISTORY OF ENGLAND, - - - bound.
" QUESTIONS TO Do., .... stitched.
« KEY TO Do., .... stitched.
» HISTORY OF ROME, -' ;- bound.
" QUESTIONS TO Do., - ^ stitched.
" KEY TO Do,, .... stitched.
" HISTORY OF THE U. STATES, - - bound.
" QUESTIONS TO Do., .... stitched.
" KEY TO Do., .... stitched.
" HISTORY OF GREECE, - - - bound.
" QUESTIONS TO Do., .... stitched.
" ' KEY TO Do., - - - - stitched.
HISTORY OF FRANCE, - - - bound.
KEYS AND QUESTIONS TO Do., - stitched.
HISTORY OF NAPOLEON, - - - bound.
KEYS AND QUESTIONS TO Do., - stitched.
THE YOUNG GENTLEMEN'S LEXICON, - - - sheep.
THE YOUNG LADIES' LEXICON, - - - - sheep.
MALTE-BRUN'S NEW COLLEGE AND FAMILY AT-
LAS, with 40 coloured Maps, 4to., ----- bound.

VIRGIL DELPHINI, bound.

HORACE DELPHINI, bound.

HUTCHINSON'S XENOPHON, (with notes),- - - bound.

TORREY'S FIRST BOOK FOR CHILDREN, - - stitched.

" PLEASING COMPANION,- - - -half-bound.

" MORAL INSTRUCTOR, .... half-bound.

MURRAY'S EXERCISES, 12mo., half-bound.

" KEY TO Do., half-bound.

FIRST READING LESSONS.

GRIGG & ELLIOT'S

NEW SERIES OF

COMMON SCHOOL E BADE US,

NUMBERS FIRST, SECOND, AND THIRD.

These books are particularly adapted for an introduction into the Schools
generally in the South and West ; and Teachers who feel a deep interest
in promoting the welfare of their pupils, will no doubt after a careful exa-
mination give them a preference over all other Readers now in use.

Public, private, and social libraries, and all who purchase to sell
again, supplied on the most reasonable terms with every article in the
Book and Stationary line ' including new novels, and all new works
in every department of literature and science. All orders will toe
thankfully received and promptly attended to*

THE

GENTLEMAN'S
NEW POCKET FARRIER,

COMPRISING A GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF

THE NOBLE AND USEFUL ANIMAL

THE HORSE;

TOGETHER WITH

THE QUICKEST AND SIMPLEST MODE OF FATTENING ; NECESSARY TREAT

MENT WHILE UNDERGOING EXCESSIVE FATIGUE-, OR ON A JOURNEY J

THE CONSTRUCTION AND MANAGEMENT OF STABLES ; DIFFERENT

MARKS FOR ASCERTAINING THE AGE OF A HORSE.

ALSO,

A CONCISE ACCOUNT OF THE DISEASES TO WHICH THE HORSE IS SUBJECT

WITH SUCH REMEDIES AS LONG EXPERIENCE HAS

PROVED TO BE EFFECTUAL.

BY RICHARD MASON, M. D.

FORMERLY OF SURRY\!OUNTY, VIRGINIA.

EIGHTH EDITION, WITH ADDITIONS.

TO WHICH IS ADDED,

A PRIZE ESSAY ON MULES ;

AND

AN APPENDIX,

Containing Observations and Recipes for the cure of most of the

common distempers incident to Horses, Oxen, Cows,

Calves, Sheep, Lambs, Swine, Dogs, &c. &c.

Selected from differer.it nuthorj.

ALSO, AN ADDENDA,

CONTAINING

ANNALS OF THE TURF,

AMERICAN STUD BOOK,

RULES FOR TRAINING, RACING, &c.

PHILADELPHIA:

GRIGG & ELLIOT, No. 9 NORTH FOURTH STREET.

1844.

35

Entered according to the act of Congress, in the year 1840, by

JOHN GRIGG,

in the clerk's office of the district court of the United States, in
and for the eastern district of Pennsylvania.

PRINTED BY T. K- & P. O. COLLINS, PHILA.

PREFACE.

FEW subjects can more justly claim the attention
of the public, than that noble and useful animal, the
horse ; and there are few indeed of any moment, that
have met with more neglect from society. Not more
than one or two authors in the United States have
turned their attention to this interesting subject. This
neglect, in which every individual is so deeply interested,
must have proceeded frpm the low standing in society
to which the horse has been sunk by men destitute of
veracity, too often having the opportunity of dealing in
those invaluable animals, committing frauds, making
false statements of age, gaits, condition, &c. to the injury
of those who are unfortunate enough to confide in their
assertions, or to deal with them.

In this little work, whose size is calculated for the
pocket, I shall endeavour to guard the unsuspecting
against the arts of the jockey, and to point out so plainly
the difference between an elegant and a common horse
a good and bad horse, a sound and an unsound horse,
that any person may become a tolerable judge, by
reading this little book with attention, however unfa-
miliar the subject may have been heretofore. It is
my object to be useful rather than offend, or appear
learned. I shall avoid all hard names, technical terms,
&c. ; and will offer to the public the information 1

'* 821848

4 PREFACE.

possess, with candour and simplicity. In a work of
this nature, the claim to entire originality must be
relinquished; so far from attempting it, I confess 1
have, in a few instances, made quotations from other
authors, when I have found from experience they con-
tained matter, useful, clear, plain, and familiar for my
purpose. I hope this acknowledgment will be received
in place of marks of quotation.

Amongst the great number of animals under the
control of man, the excellent horse, unquestionably, is
the most serviceable. How often do we see him the
sole dependence of the poor farmer and his family,
with whom he divides the morsel, shares in the toils,
and by slowly turning up the soil, not only keeps them
free from want, but fills the barn with plenty ! Trace
him from the lowest to the highest situation, you will
find him faithful, affectionate, and no less useful. Jn
every species of farming, the horse bears the principal
burden, and is the means of increasing wealth and
happiness. In the transportation of foreign growth
and manufactures to the interior of our country, and
the exportation of the produce of the United States,
the faithful horse affords a speedy conveyance to and
from the water's edge. For the quick communications
by posts and stages, even with the most remote parts
of the union, we are indebted to the horse. Even
our happy republican government has been established,
protected, defended, and administered, by the means
and aid of these noble animals. Men of every pro-
fession, must all acknowledge the benefit derived
from him; indeed he has been the very spring of
punctuality and attention to business of almost every
description. The horse, in his nature, is mild, patient,
forgiving, and affectionate. After being hard used,
half starved, and unmercifully beaten, who recol-

PREFACE. O

lects ever to have seen him appear to feel the injury,
pout over his scanty allowance, or discover hatred
towards his cruel master? View his gentleness and
kindness to a sot, who has "indulged too long over his
glass, often bending, turning and yielding to his giddy
head ; and finally, when he is prostrated in the dust,
now often does the sagacious animal, when compelled
to tread on him, bear lightly and tenderly ; and when
loose, appear unwilling to leave the helpless drunkard ;
how often on his back are we conveyed in safety
at night amidst difficulties, dangers, and unfamiliar
roads ? And where is the traveller that does not re-
collect that when returning on his journey, and in
search of his home, when a road before unnoticed,
.had bewildered and stopped his progress, how readily
and how faithfully has the horse thrown his ears to-
wards the right road, and with quickening steps dis-
covered his eagerness to reach his home ? See him in
the race, resolute, eager, and delighted, swelling every
vein, and exerting every muscle and fibre to win the
prize. Behold him in the field of battle, furious, in-
trepid, and full of fire, forgetful of danger, rushing on
the point of the' bayonet, delighting in the glittering
of arms, and panting for victory. View him in the
civil and more happy circles of domestic life, in the
service of the rich, the liberal, and the happy, proudly
and smoothly rolling behind him the rattling chariot
wheels, with an aspect lively, gay, and cheerful. If
to an animal like this, I can be the cause of adding to
his comfort, improving his condition, making him fat,
relieving his pain, removing disease, and sometimes
save life, I shall feel as if I had rendered a service to
the community at large, and performed a part of the
task assigned me.

6 PREFACE.

When the reader reflects that a large volume has
been written on the anatomy of the horse's foot alone,
he will easily conceive my confined, embarrassed, and
cramped situation ; having to treat of so many differ-
ent parts and subjects, within the scope of two hun-
dred pages. In doing of this, it will be impossible for
me to give more than the skeleton or bare outline of
the interesting theme, which I hope, at some future
day, will be filled up and completed by some more
fortunate genius.

THE AUTHOR.

TABLE OF CONTENTS,

TO

MASON S FARRIER.

Appendix to Mason, PAGE

195

Journey, treatment on PAGE

68

Addenda to Mason,

289

Keeping

23

Age,

72

Legs

82

by feeling,

76

Lam pass

103

Breeding and rassing,

29

Lock Jaw

148

do. do. by Broadnax

34

Lost appetite

149

Blooded horse, to choose

37

Marks

78

Blaze or star

79

Mane and tail

85

Body

81

Moon Eyes

92

Broken wind

98

Mange

137

Bots or grubs

118

Mash

156

Bruises

132

Mules

159

Big head

140

Narrow heels

101

Blisters

153

Neck and shoulders

82

Bleeding

157

Nicking

48

Carriage horses

19

Ostler

45

Castrating colts

60

Pricking

58

Crib biting

97

Poll evil

146

Chest founder

100

Purging or Diarrhoea

151

Colds

150

Race horse

22

Colic or Gripes

113

rider

28

Clyster or glyster

154

Horses, English mode

Docking

59

of management. &c.

39

Diseases, infectious to prev.

126

Ring bone

110

Diarrhosa or purging

151

Saddle horse

13

Diabetes

152

Stables

46

Driving

158

Star or Blaze

79

Excessive fatigue

65

Shoeing

83

Eyes, good and bad

86

Starting

93

moon

92

Stumbling

95

Foxing

58

Spavin

96

Fattening

63

String halt

99

Founder, chest

100

Splint

102

Founder

110

Scratches

117

Farcy

105

Strangles

123

Fistula

145

Stone or gravel in bladder

124

Fomentations

155

Strains

133

Galls, wind
Gravel in the bladder

104
124

Staggers
Surfeit

134
138

in the hoofs

128

Sore tongue

140

Glyster or clyster

154

Saddle galls

150

Head

80

Sitfasts

151

Heels, narrow

101

Spot a white horse

157

Hoofs

85

Treatment on a journey

68

gravel in

128

Wind broken

98

Hidebound

137

Wind galls

104

Hooks or Haws

121

Wounds

129

Hinny and Mule

159

Wall's receipt

158

Infectious diseases to prev't.

126

Yellow water

125

CONTENTS OF APPENDIX.

following are Numbered instead of being Paged.

Alterative medicine for live

stock No. 129

Astringent medicines for live

stock 131

Balls and drinks, mode ot

giving to horses 111

Balls, cordial cough, &c. used

in Veterinary practice 147
Belly, diseases of 39

Bladder, inflammation of 62

in cattle 193

Bloody urine in horses 63

Blistering 118

Sweating of Liquid 120

Bleeding 126

Blisters used in Veterinary

Pharmacopeia 138

Blood or bog spavin 89

Bloody ray (see dysentery) 196
Blown or hove in cattle 187
Blast or hove in sheep 220

Blood rot in do. 222

Bowels, inflammation of 45
Bone spavin and splints 87

Braxy or dysentery in cattle 196
— — in sheep 224

Broken wind 37

Bridle sores 26

Broken knees 85

Catarrhal fever in horses 13
Capulet of the hock in do. 81
Canker or quittor in do. 106
Castration, nicking, docking

and cropping 125

Castrating lambs, &c. 241

swine 243

Catarrh or influenza in cattle 177
Cattle surgery 201

obstetrics 204

vermin on 209

CALVES, diseases of 207

Calving 205

Chronic cough 36 and 218

Clysters used in Veterinary

Medicine 143

Claveau, or sheep pox 214

Clystering 122

Condition of horses 2

Cough, chronic 36

- in sheep 218

Colic, red or enteritis No. 45

, fret or gullion 53

, in horn cattle 189 and 194

Corns in the feet of horses 101

Cracks 95

Cud, loss of 198

Cutting in feet of horses 108

Curb of the hock in horses 92

Cutting and spaying pigs 243

Daisy or turning in cattle 199

Diseases of horses, see horse

Diseases in feet of horses 96

Founder 98

Contraction 99

Pumiced foot 100

Corns 101

Burning thrush 103

Sand Cracks 104

Pricks 105

Quittor and canker 106

Treads 107

Cutting 108

Diarrhoaa or looseness

• in cattle

Diseases of sheep
swine

52
195
210
242
Diuretic used in Veterinary

Medicine 151

Diseases of horn'd cattle 173, 183
Diabetes, profuse staling or

pissing evil 64

Drinks and balls, mode of

giving in Vet. Surgery 111
Drinks in Vet. medicine 149
Dysenteric inflammation 49
Dysentery or braxy in cattle 196

in sheep 224

244
245
248
249
250
251
252
254
255
256
257
262
264

DOGS, diseases of
Asthma
Sore eyes
Cancer
Colic
Cough
Distemper
Fits

Inflamed bowels
Inflamed lungs
Madness

Worming whelps
Mange 263— Worms

CONTENTS OP APPENDIX.

Embrocations used in Ve-
terinary practice No. 154

Epidemic fever or pest 15
Epilepsy

Eyes, horses, diseases of 18
Farcy, 74
Feet, founder of 96
Fetlock, strains of the 83
Fever in horned cattle 174 & 183
Fever medicine, used in ve-
terinary practice 157
Fistulous withers 28
Firing 121
Fret, colic gripes or gullion 54
Flux, slimy, see dysentery
Frontal worms in sheep 236
Fomentations in veterinary

surgery 113
Founder of the feet 96
Foot stoppings for horses 166
Foul in the foot in cattle 202
Foot rot in sheep 232
Fumigations used in veteri-
nary practice 157
Gall in sheep 224
Gidin do. 233
Goggles in do. 233
Glanders 71
Glanderous rot in sheep 217
Grease 93
Gravel and stone in horses 65
Gripes, colic, fret or gullion 53
Gutta serena 20
Gullion, colic, gripes or fret 53
HORSES, diseases of 1
In and out of con-
dition, and when
diseased. 2, 3, 4
Inflammatory diseases 5
Diseases of the head 17
Neck 28
Chest 31
Skin 66

Glanders and farcy 71
Diseases of the ex-
tremities 76
Diseases of the Feet 96
Hepatitis or yellows 58
Hide bound 70
Hoof Liquid for veterinary

practice 162

Hove or blown in cattle 187

Horn distemper or horn ail 208

Hove blast or wind colic in

sheep No. 220

Hogs, see swine

Hydatids or staggers in shesp 223
Inflammatory fever in horse

diseases " 5

General 6
Local 7
Inflammation of the brain or

phrenitis 8

Inflammatory fever in horse

diseases, general 33

local 7

Influenza or catarrh fever in

horses 13

Inflammation of the lungs in

horses
in cattle

31

184
Inflammation, of the bowels 45

of the liver 58

in sheep 222

Incontinence of urine 63

Influenza or catarrh 177

Inflammation of the stomach

in cattle 185, 189

Inflammation of the kidneys

or red water 191

Inflammation of the bladder 193
Jaundice in sheep 223

Knees broken, in horses
Lampass or mouth disease 25
Lambs, castration of

diseases of 238

Liver, chronic inflammation of 58

, diseases of in horses 58

Lock jaw, in horses 11

Looseness or diarrhoea 52

Lungs, inflammation of 31

Malignant fever in horses 15
Madness, canine 257

Mange 66

in Dogs 263

Mallenders and sallenders 84
Malignant epidemic or mur-
rain in sheep 216
Megrims 17
Morfounder or catarrhal fe-
ver in horses

Moon blindness or opthalmia 19
Mineral poison
Murrain or pest 15

in cattle ' 179

Murrain in sheep 216

10

CONTENTS OP APPENDIX.

Neck, diseases of No. 28, 30

Stone or gravel in horses No, 66

Opthalmia or blindness 19

Stomach staggers 43

Ointments used for horses,

, inflammation of

cattle, sheep, &c. by Vete-

in sheep 219

rinary practitioners 169

Strain in the shoulder 76

Obstetrics in cattle 204

, in the whirl bone 78

Overreach or tread in the

, in the stifle 80

feet 107

, in the back sinews 81

Pest or murrain 15

> of the leg 82

Peripneumonia or inflamed

, of the fetlock and cof-

lungs in sheep 217
Pendro, a disease in sheep 233

fin joints
Shoulder strains in horses 76

Pinning do. in do. 226

Splints and bone spavins 86

Pharmacopoeia in horses and

Spavin, blood and bog 89

cattle 128

Skin, diseases of in horses 65

Poll Evil 21

Surfeit 67

Poison, mineral 40

Surgery in cattle 199

, vegetable 42

Swelled neck 30

in "hccp °39

SWINE diseases of 242

Poultices in Veter. surgery 115

Pneumonia or inflammation

Tag-belt in sheep 226

of the lungs 34

Tetanus or locked jaw in

Physicking 123

horses 11

Process 124

in cattle 200

Pricks in the feet 105

Teeth 27

Pumiced foot 100

Throat, diseases of 29

Purging medicine in Veteri-

Thick wind or pneumonia 34

nary practice 163

Thoroughpin or blood spavin 89

Puckeridge or wornals in

Treads or overreach in the

cattle 203

feet 107

Pigs, see swine

Ticks in sheep, to destroy 240

Quitter and canker in the

Turnsick, in horses 17

feet of horses 106

, in sheep 233

Salivation 41

Urinary organs of horses,

Sand cracks 104

diseases of 60

Sallenders and mallenders 84

Urine, suppression of

Setons 116

— bloody or stranguary 63

Scalding mixture for poll

incontinence of 63

evil 165

Veterinary operations on

Scouring or diarrhoea in horn-

horses 109

ed cattle 195

Veterinary Pharmacopoeia 127

Scour in sheep 224

Vives or ives 24

Scab or shab in sheep 231

Vermin on cattle 209

SHEEP, diseases of 210

Warbles 68

Sore throat 28

Warts 69

Staggers in horses 9 and 43

Wash medicines used by ve-

in cattle 199

teriricirv pmctitioners IfiT

Staggers in sheep 233

Wind broken or pneumonia 37

Sturdy 17

Whirl bone strains

in cheep ^33

\V"orrns j^ Jiorses 57

Strangles, vives or ives 22

in sheep 236 and 237

Stranguary or suppression of

Wounds, treatment of 110

urine 63

Wornals or puckeridge 203

CONTENTS OF APPENDIX.

11

Worm under the horn, a dis-

ease in sheep, No. 233

Watery head in sheep 233

Wind colic in do.

221

Yellows or liver complaint

No. 58

, hot, in cattle 190 and 19?

, in sheep 22£

THE

POCKET FAltKIER.

SADDLE HORSE.

WHEN a horse is purchased for the saddle alone, it
is to be presumed he must be clear of all defects,
strike the fancy, entirely please the eye, and, from his
happy symmetry and due proportion of form, stand
the second beauty in the world. When this is the
case, he is seldom disposed of at too high a price. —
Amongst the great number of people in the United
States, I am induced to believe, there are but few
good judges of a horse calculated for the saddle. In-
deed, they are better informed upon almost any other
subject that can be mentioned. Yet the Virginians
have a large number of fine horses, and are accused
of devoting too much attention to that beautiful ani-
mal. Among all the difficulties attending the affairs
of common life, there is not, perhaps, a greater than
that of choosing a beautiful, an elegant, or good horse.
Nor will this appear strange, when we consider the
number of circumstances that are to be taken into
consideration, with regard to shape, size, movements,
limbs, marks, eyes, colour, age, &c. &c. — which are
so various that it would fill a volume to describe; and
indeed the best judges are often obliged to content
themselves with guessing at some things, unless they
have sufficient time to make a thorough trial. If I
were asked, what were the two most beautiful objects

14 SADDLE HORSE.

in nature, I would answer, that woman, lovely woman,
before wlfose charms the soul of man bows with re-
verence and submission, stands unparalleled ; next to
this matchless paragon, a beautiful horse displays
nature in her highest polish and greatest perfection ;
l»i,«- gay and cheerful appearance, proudly prancing
and bounding, his elegance of shape, smoothness of
limbs, polish of skin, due proportion of form, and
gracefulness of action, united to a mild, soft, faithful,
and patient disposition, raise him far above the rest of
the brute creation. I shall now proceed to lay down
some rules, and to give some hints, for the examina-
tion of a horse previous to a purchase being made, to
prevent the liberty of exaggeration, which is too fre-
quently taken by dealers in those animals, and which
too often terminates to the serious injury of the pur-
chaser.

It is to be much lamented, that men who entertain
a proper idea of honour in all the common affairs of
life, so soon as they become the owner of a horse,
feel at liberty, without being sensible of doing violence
to their morals, to knock off two or three years from
his real age, and express themselves, with apparent
delight, of services, gaits, and qualities, to which he
never had any sort of claim or pretention ; carefully
keeping a secret every vice and defect to which he is
subject. I do not pretend to say this is the case with
all who exchange or sell a horse, but that it has often
occurred no person will deny. If a fraud can be prac-
tised at all, it is sufficient reason for the inexperienced
and unsuspecting to be placed on their guard. Wnen
a horse is offered for sale, I would advise the pur-
chaser to ask one question, viz: Is he in all respects
perfectly sound? Should a cheat be practised on you,
-under such circumstances, an action would lie against

SADDLE I1ORSE. 15

the seller, and damages could be recoverable ; but be
your own judge, not permitting any declaration that
may be made by the seller, to alter your opinion of
form, age, condition, movements, action, &c. As
the eyes of a horse are the most important organ, first
Jet him undergo a strict examination ; ascertain his
age, examine his figure and action; guarding yourself
against being too much pleased or fascinated with the
appearance of a new object; view his feet and legs;
large ridges on the hoofs, or very flat feet, discover a
horse to be subject to founder : large gouty legs, with
enlarged tendons indicate strains and other injuries,
examine his hind legs, with great attention, just below
the hock and inside the hind knee; if there is any
unnatural prominence or knot, unlike the other knee, it
wears the appearance of a spavin, which renders a
horse of but little value. Splint, which appears on the
inside of the fore legs, and wind-galls, upon the ancles,
are unpleasant to the eye, but seldom produce serious
lameness ; they furnish plain proof that a horse has
been serviceable, and are very seldom productive of
any other injury than stiffness, as he advances in years.
Ride yourself, for the purpose of trying his gaits and
qualities ; as a rider accustomed to a horse, by private
signs, such as manner of riding, bearing on the bit,
leaning forward or backward, holding the heels close
to his sides, &c. &c. &c., can make a dull horse appear
gay and spirited, a wild horse gentle, a stumbler clear
footed, one that is blind appear to see, and a starting
horse free from that great objection, &c. &c. Before
mounting him, examine his knees, to discover if they
are skinned, tke hair off, or scarred ; those are strong
symptoms of his politeness to a fault. Ride with your
bridle loose over any uneven ground : if he is in the
habit of stumbling, he will very readily inform you:
2*

^16 SADDLE HORSE.

then approach some object offensive to the sight; if
he appears much alarmed, stopping suddenly, and
attempting to turn round, paying but little respect to
the bearing of the bridle, you may judge he has been
long in the habit of that bad practice. Ride him in
all his different gaits, to ascertain if they are smooth,
easy, and agreeable ; move him about a mile, out and
back, in fully half speed; frequently stopping him
suddenly to try his wind, also if he is spavined ; if his
wind has been injured, he will blow unnaturally;
making a loud wheezing noise, with great difficulty
of breathing. While warm, ride him in cold water
above the belly ; after which let him cool fifteen or
twenty minutes, and if he is spavined, and has received
temporary relief, by applications of any kind, the
disease will make its appearance so plain, that you
will discover evident marks of lameness. The spavin
is often relieved for a time ; and in a few instances
has been permanently cured, by blistering, bathing
with double distilled spirits, &c. The brisk exercise,
&c. is intended to bring on a return of its effects, in
case the animal should have had temporary relief from
that distressing disease.

Having given such hints as I am persuaded will
lead to the discovery of any material defects in a horse
about to be purchased, I shall now proceed to the
description of a horse that I consider elegant and fil
for the saddle.

In order that he may have just claim to beauty and
elegance, his head must be small, thin, bony, and
tapering; his countenance lively and cheerful; his
ears quick of action, high, erect, narraw, thin, and
pointing together; his eyes krge, round, full, and black,
sparkling with cheerfulness, yet hushing his agitating
passions into order and obedience ; his nostrils large

SADDLE HORSE. 17

and expanded, and when in motion, disclosing a deep
red colour ; his brow and forehead smooth, and not
too flat ; his nose somewhat rising, of good turn, and
a little inclined to the Roman shape ; his neck long,
thin, delicate, and arched, forming a beautiful grada-
tion from the breast and shoulders ; his mane half the
width of his neck, thin and smooth ; his shoulders high,
tapering, and thrown well back ; his breast plump, full,
and of moderate width; his fore legs straight, flat,
sinewy, and thin ; his arms large and muscular ; his
back short, and not too much swayed for strength and
durability, but pretty even and straight ; his body
rather round and swelling than flat, and of propor-
tionable size ; his flanks plump and full, and the last
rib approaching near the hip bones ; his hips and but-
tocks full, round, and well covered with muscles ; his
chine broad; his tail well placed, and naturally or
artificially elegant, which adds much to his figure and
gay appearance ; his thighs long, from the hip to the
haunch bone large and bulging with muscles; his
hocks broad, sinewy, bony, and clear of puffs ; his hind
legs from the hocks short, bending a little rather than
straight, flat, and sinewy ; his pasterns of moderate
length, small and bony ; his hoofs cupped, small, round,
and smooth ; his hind parts not tucked, but of easy
turn and graceful slope ; when mounted his appearance
should be bold, lofty, and majestic ; his eyes shining
with intrepidity and fire ; his movements light and
airy as a phantom, with a fairy step, that would
scarcely break a dew drop ; his actions smooth and
graceful ; his colour should suit the taste of the pur-
chaser, though a mahogany bay is certainly the best
colour ; his marks large, of irregular white, to light up
the countenance, and at least two white legs, which
will add much to his beauty — though it must be ac-

18 SADDLE HORSE.

knowledged, that all parts of a horse that are white,
are much more tender than any other colour. When
a horse is rode by any person for you to judge of his
gaits, you should have him moved towards you, from
you, and finally by you, as you may have the oppor-
tunity of discovering, if there is any turning in and out
about his knees and ancles, before or behind, wrhich is
very objectionable. A well shaped horse will track
as true, or his legs will follow each other in as direct a
line, as the wheels of a well constructed carriage. —
For him to be considered a good riding horse, he
should move with ease to himself, and pass over the
ground with great rapidity. Hard steps, short going,
and great apparent labour, is offensive to the sight,
unpleasant to the rider, and fatiguing to the horse him-
self. With respect to the colour of horses, people
differ very widely ; a black horse, with white face and
legs ; a grey, or a mahogany bay, with white marks,
when well kept, are all showy colours ; but for actual
service, experience has proved, that dark colours,
without any white feet, are far preferable ; for who
ever recollects to have seen a black, sorrel, or bay
horse, with a bald face and four white legs, distinguish
himself on the turf, in four mile heats ? I am inclined
to believe there is no first rate race horse, of that de-
scription, within the United States.

I have, perhaps, stated some facts relative to horse
jockeys, in a manner so plain and candid, as to draw
from them their displeasure. My object is not to
offend, but to instruct and be useful to those who want
experience on the subject, for which this little book is
designed.

The annexed engraving (See Frontispiece) presents
my idea of an elegant saddle horse ; by a reference to

_.

CARRIAGE HORSES. ID

which, thQ judgment of a purchaser will not only bo
benefited, but meet with considerable support.

CARRIAGE HORSES.

HORSES intended for a carriage or draft of any
description, should be from five feet to five feet four
inches high; though there are many excellent and
truly valuable draft horses of much smaller size. The
greatest attention should be paid to their habits, temper,
quality, and disposition. A horse that has been once
frightened in harness, never again is safe for that
employment. So retentive are their memories, that
they do not forget an alarm of that kind during their
whole lives. For the want of experience on this subject,
horses that have been frightened in harness have been
hitched to carriages, which too often has been the
cause of the untimely death of many amiable females
and helpless children. Indeed, a pair of good and welt
matched, gentle carriage horses, is rarely to be met
with; as so many good qualities, together with a
similarity of age, colour, size, and marks, is required to
make them complete and valuable. Their eyes should
be good, carriage lofty, bodies proportionaoly large,
breasts full and wide, their whole bodies heavily-
muscled; their heads, necks, and ears delicate; their
legs large, sinewy, and bony ; their pasterns short, and
their hoofs moderately large, and not too flat. They
should be free from starting, stumbling, and kicking;

20 CARRIAGE HORSES.

and tneir dispositions patient, gentle, and obedient.
It very often happens that horses are kept together as
a match, on account of their colour and similarity of
marks, when no respect is paid to their difference of
form, spirit, and movements, which often differ as
widely as the mettled racer from the dull cart horse.
When thus badly matched, they would very soon
be separated by a good judge, and nothing short of
necessity should ever permit them to draw together.
Carriage horses should carry good tails, naturally or
artificially, which adds much to their gay and elegant
appearance; presenting figures ready, apparently, to
move upon the wind, whilst they are perfectly gentle
and manageable. Horses of different colours, whose
spirit, size, and movements are similar, are a much
better match in harness than those of the same colour,
with three or four inches difference in height; or one
dull, and the other spirited; one young, the other old;
one fat, the other poor ; one with a bald face and white
legs, the other with white legs ; or one active, and the
other clumsy.

I have thus taken up the time of the reader, to make
him the better judge, and give him a correct idea of
a bad match of carriage horses, which will assist him
much in selecting those that are good. After being
thoroughly satisfied about the shape, age, condition,
&c., of a pair of carriage horses you may be about to
purchase, it will be necessary, in justice to yourself,
to try them in harness ; though the seller will assure
you they are as gentle as lambs, true as honour, and
finally, the best pair of horses in the world; although
it is possible for such a statement to be a fact, I would
advise that a trial should be made, and the purchaser
become his own judge ; for which purpose have them
hitched in a carriage, and driven several times up and

CARRIAGE HORSES. 21

down the steepest hill that the road may cross, which
is most convenient: if they have any tricks, or are not
true draft horses, it can be readily discovered: next,
for the purpose of discovering if they have ever been
alarmed in harness, frequently open and shut the car-
riage door, also move and rattle the steps ; if they have
ever been frightened in harness you will very soon be
compelled to desist ; then by coming to their front, and
with attention observing their ears and eyes, you will
be informed to your entire satisfaction, if they are safe.
Horses that have been once alarmed in harness, so
soon as they hear any rattling noise behind them,
begin to grow restless, sinking or squatting behind,
holding the head high, snorting, fetching long breaths,
moving the ears with great quickness, at the same
time showing the whites of their eyes. Let me warn
the reader against the purchase of such horses ; they
are unfit and unsafe for the use of a family. Horses
for harness, that are fiery and fretful, are very objec-
tionable, and should always be avoided; but great care
should be taken to distinguish between animals of this
description, and those that are eager and spirited; the
former begin to prance and fret the moment they are
out of the stable, until they exhaust themselves with
fatigue ; but the latter endeavour only to be first in the
chase, or foremost in the field, and are truly valuable ;
possessing those qualities that resemble prudence and
courage; the others, intemperate heat and rashness.
Whenever carriage horses are driven, they should
be moved off fifteen or twenty steps in a slow walk,
without the cracking or flourishing of a whip, which
is so much the custom, and which is very frequently
the cause of high tempered horses refusing to draw ;
after which their speed may be quickened to whatever
gait you may prefer, by the use of some kind word,
3

22 RACE HORSE.

to which all horses should be accustomed. It is very
much the practice with drivers to leave their horses
standing in a carriage, without any person to hold
them, for hours together. Having seen the worst of
consequences result from this practice, (and with horses
under the character of being gentle,) I would recom
mend that drivers should never give up their reins,
until they are prepared with some person sufficiently
strong to hold them. By using such precaution, the
overturning and breaking many fine carriages, and the
ruining for ever many valuable and elegant carriage
horses, would be avoided.

RACE HORSE.

IT is a remarkable fact, that horses run in all shapes.
But most generally, those excel upon the turf, that are
-of the following form: head and neck thin, small, and
delicate; eyes large, plump, and full of expression;
nostrils wide, red, and expanded; throttle large;
shoulders high, thin, and running very far back; breast
plump, full, and wide ; body long, round, and rather
light than heavy ; back short as possible ; thighs long,
large, full, and bulging; fore arm large and swelling
towards his breast ; hocks broad, strong, and bony ;
legs of moderate size, thin, flat, and sinewy; pasterns
rather long and small, than otherwise; feet of propor-
tionable size to the balance of his form ; though, of the
two extremes, small is the best; he should be nervous,
tractable, and of good spirit, and he should be from
five feet to five feet four inches high. Such a horse,
well managed, kept and placed in races, will seldom
fail to distinguish himself on the turf.

KEEPING. 23

KEEPING.

THE keeping a horse for a race is attended with
much trouble, and requires great attention: but is
more simple than is generally believed by persons
wanting experience on that subject.

A large majority of grooms, even to the present day,
are in the habit of giving to race horses large quanti-
ties of physic, (though the number engaged in this
practice has been diminished within the last te,n years,)
and for the sake of those very valuable animals, I hope
ere long, such an injurious practice will be entirely
abolished. All the medicine on earth will never give
to a horse speed and bottom, that is naturally deficient
in those respects ; and if he is affected at all by its use,
it must operate to his disadvantage.

The plainest and simplest mode of keeping horses,
has proved much the best, to all who have ventured,
in defiance of old opinions and customs, to use that
course. When a horse is in health, the medicine ge-
nerally given by grooms, has the effect of relaxing
the muscles, enfeebling the system, and expanding the
pores of the skin. I am clearly of opinion, that those
large doses, which are so often given, never cause a
horse, when running, to fetch a longer breath, braced
his muscles, added to the elasticity of his tendons, in-
vigorated his system, or gave him, in any way, extra
powers to perform the task assigned him ; but on the
contrary, are frequently the means of throwing a
horse out of order, that in all probability, under dif-
ferent treatment, would have proved successful, if not
master on the turf: indeed, this has sometimes been
proved by the change of owners, and when a good

24 KEEPING.

horse has fallen into the hands of one that has observed
plain and simple treatment-*— the horse that previous to
the change never was more than second or third best,
has run with more than anticipated success.

But many old and ignorant grooms who have never
been benefited by experience, and all the knowledge
they possess have been handed to them by persons
equally ignorant with themselves, are under a belief,
that unless a horse swallows a certain number of wind
balls, that it is impossible he can win a race ; added
to which, they are extremely superstitious, and some,
even at the present day, confide in tricks and witch-
craft. It is to be much regretted that a good horse
snouid. e~Ter fall into the hands of such blockheads.

The first thing necessary in the keeping a race horse
is, a good log stable, about fifteen feet square : then
provide a plenty of good and sweet old corn, fodder,
and oats, and a sufficient quantity of clean and dry
straw, to change his bed every two or three days.

Most horses, when first taken up for the purpose of
being kept, require bleeding ; which a groom can
always be a judge of from the appearance of the ani-
mal. Good cloths, girts, &c. should be provided and
kept on the horse, except at the hours for rubbing,
which should be regularly three times a day ; in the
morning, and evening after practice, and at twelve
o'clock ; for which purpose a curry-comb, brush, straw
and a large woollen cloth, must be provided and well
used. Good rubbing assists in putting a horse in order,
and places on his skin a beautiful gloss. His legs
must be washed three times a day in clear cold water,
after which they must be rubbed dry with straw, and
the naked hand rubbed over the ancles and pasterns,
until a small degree of warmth is felt. The stable
should be kept perfectly clean.

KEEPING. 25

A horse should be given such practice as he is well
able to bear. As those animals frequently differ in
every respect so widely from each other, it is impos-
sible to lay down any rule that should govern, relative
to the speed or quantity of practice necessary for horses
in training. 1 will only remark, that a horse should
be practised in a moderate gallop, the distance he is
intended to be run, moving briskly every time he passes
the stand, and for a short distance on the back of the
ground: he then should be walked about a mile, and
again gallopped in manner first directed. Some fleet
and delicate horses require very little practice indeed;
while other hardy and hard bottomed horses require
and can bear verv hard practice. But the appetite of
a horse is the best criterion, as relates to that subject.

If a horse refuses to eat, it is an evidence that his
practice is either too hard or too quick ; when he eats
heartily, it is a proof that he is able to bear what is
given him. When a horse is first taken into keeping,
his allowance for the first two or three days, should
be rather short ; which should be offered four times a
day. His exercise should be walking, for the first
three or four days ; two or three times the distance, or
round the course of his contemplated race j after which
time, his food may be increased with his exercise,
and he may be regularly fed with from two quarts at a
feed to four quarts. His food should be often changed
and prepared thus : his hommony (Indian corn ground
coarse) should be first winded, then thrown into clean
water, so as to separate the part that is nutritious from
the husk and chaff; the oats should be lightly beaten
in a common hommony mortar, to separate them from
the hull or chaff, which may be blown off; his fodder
should be stemmed whenever it is discovered he has

~ KEEPING.

too much belly. A horse never should be drawn
suddenly, as nothing -is more weakening.

The best medicine on earth, that can be employed
in keeping of a horse, to give him wind and bottom, as
the grooms term it, is good and sweet food. A greater
proportion of old oats, hay, or hommony, opens the
bowels ; and a large proportion of fodder and oats,
when prepared in the way directed, has the reverse
effect; so that by using food that actually contains
nourishment, and will certainly benefit your horse, you
may place him in whatever kind of order you think
proper, without using those medicines which have a
certain tendency to weaken and relax him. About
two mashes during the time of keeping, is very bene-
ficial ; the first as soon as you commence ; the second,
about eight days previous to his running; composed
of one gallon of bran, one table spoonful of flour of
sulphur, and one tea spoonful of saltpetre. Most
grooms are in the habit of giving one, two, or three
sweats, during the time of keeping ; which method of
hardening the flesh I am much opposed to. If a horse
is too gross, gradually increase his exercise, which will
have the desired effect. Whenever a horse has to
undergo one of those sweats, he is so much weakened
and relaxed, as to require at least one week to recovei
his strength. Should a horse, in keeping, lose his
appetite, it can readily be restored, by a single inno-
cent drench, composed of a quarter of an ounce of
asafoetida, one table spoonful of salt> and one quart of
sassafras tea. Good food, regular feeding, moderate
exercise, and strict attention to rubbing, are of much
more importance and benefit to a horse in keeping,
than the administering of large doses of physic, which
his nature does not require.

When a horse is well kept, he will not appear very

KEEPING. 27

fat, but his flesh will be very firm and hard ; his legs
and ancles must be perfectly cool, and not puffed or
swelled ; his eyes should be lively, and countenance
cheerful: he should "possess no bad habits, but be
tractable, gentle, and manageable ; his actions smooth
and graceful ; he should be taught patience ; and often
practised in starting around the race course, never
permitting him to go ofly until the word GO is given.
Many advantages result in a race, to a horse, being
Droperly broke in starting.

After a horse has gone through his practice, and has
been well rubbed, &c. &c. his feet should be stuffed,
(during the time of his standing in the stable) with
fresh cow manure, or clay and salt, to prevent his
ancles from swelling or being heated ; his legs should
be bathed once a week, with equal parts of old peach
brandy and fresh butter, or sweet oil and vinegar,
stewed over the fire until well mixed, and applied
warm as the hand can bear it.

Whenever a horse commences his brisk exercise,
the under part of his ancles should be occasionally
greased, to prevent their cracking and the scratches
being produced. The heels of most young horses
crack, during their exercise, unless this precaution is
used ; fresh butter, sweet oil, or hog's lard, answers
well for that purpose.

The subject of keeping horses is so extensive, that
to treat fully on it, would require a book at least the
size of this ; the reader, therefore, must be content
with the few hints and few pages I have devoted to
this subject.

28 RACE RIDER.

RACE RIDER.

To become a valuable and a good race rider, requires
more capacity, judgment, experience, and honour, than
are often found in boys in the habit of riding. And
no person can be successful on the turf, unless he can
place the utmost confidence in his rider ; whose in-
tegrity and honour it would be advisable frequently to
put to the test. Boys are sometimes so young, foolish,
and destitute of principle, as to receive bribes and
promises : preventing the best horse from winning, to
the disgrace of all concerned, and the serious injury
of his owner ; who, in such cases, never should fail to
make an example of all persons engaged in the villany.

A good race rider will have the pad of his saddle
wet, before he mounts, to keep it firm in its place ; he
will try his stirrups, and prove them long enough to
raise himself about two or three inches clear of the
saddle : he will then tie his bridle a length that will
allow his horse, when he bears him gradually and
steadily, to run at his ease, without being jerked
or jostled ; he should never make a false start, but
come up even and go off smoothly, without fretting or
causing his horse to rear; and above all other things

BREEDING. 29

strict and pointed attention should be paid to the orders
given, and they rigidly adhered to.

A rider should bear a little forward, steadily as
possible, and without altering the attitude of his body,
when whipping, pushing, or running at his ease, taking
great care to remain steady in his stirrups, holding his
elbows close, and his hands low.

A rider, after running his heat, should never dis-
mount, or give up his horse to any other person, until
it is his turn to prove his weight, and is directed to
come to the stand.

THE

BREEDING AND RAISING OF HORSES.

THE breeding and raising of horses, to most persons,
is a very amusing and pleasing task; but it is attended
with much trouble and expense, unless well managed,
and then it becomes not only a subject of profit, but
is well worth the attention of any person, whose situ-
ation will admit of it, for the purpose of making a
fortune.

The raising of cold blooded or common horses, is
generally a disadvantage to any person, being neither
interesting or profitable. A colt three years old, of
the above description, seldom costs the owner less than
one hundred and twenty dollars; and when he makes
a sale, twice out of three times that sum cannot be
obtained; consequently there is a loss, independent
of trouble. But colts, three or four years old, from
the best stock in the United States, of large size and
4

SO BREEDING.

having distinguished themselves on the turf, have x/tn-
manded from one hundred to one thousand pounds ! !

By raising and running such horses, large sums of
money have been accumulated in the United States,
and particularly in Virginia, where the blood, speed,
and beauty of horses, are equal to any in the world.

Much has been stated by English authors, on the
subject of blood, form, and speed of the English horses;
particularly Dorimant, Bay Malton, Eclipse, High-
flyer, Matchem, Shark, Childers, &c. &c. &c. But
could the blood, form, speed, and bottom, of our Ame-
rican horses, Brimmer, Chanticleer, Leviathan, Virago,
Surprise, Florizel, Potomac, American Eclipse, &c.
&c. &c. have been contrasted with them, I am induced
to believe they would have had the same claim to the
page of record and superior performance.

True it is, that of Flying Childers it is stated, that
he run a mile in a few seconds over a minute. My
regard for the life of every human being, particularly
a valuable race rider, induces me to wish our horses
may never perform the mile in that time, though we
have several amongst us whose speed is unknown,
although they were on the turf several years, contending
with very fine race horses.

I must confess, that for a horse to run a mile in a
minute, or eighty-two and a half feet in a second, (as
stated) surpasses any idea that I have entertained of
the velocity that a horse was capable of.

In order to raise a beautiful and good racer, a stud
should be made choice of, that will be a good cross, and
of the best blood ; not less than five feet two, though
five feet four inches high, is a preferable size. He
should be well proportioned, elegantly formed, of maho-
gany bay colour, and clear of all defects, particu-

BREEDING. 31

larly spavin and blindness : and should not only have
proved himself in possession of speed on the turf, but
bottom also ; and should be a sure foal getter.

A mare should be made choice of, not less than five
feet high, with a delicate head and neck, great length
of body, large belly, and above all other things, one
that has proved herself, by her colts, to be a good
breeder.

When you commence breeding with a mare of this
kind, you are almost certain of raising a valuable colt.
But when you commence with one untried, you run a
great risk of losing time and raising a horse of the
120 dollar price, unless the mare, or stock from which
she originated, was first rate and remarkable for their
fine colts. Indeed there appears to be the same simi-
larity in the blood of horses that exist in men, as
respects their good and bad qualities, shape, &c. &c.
We find vice common throughout some families, while
we see virtue reigning in others. One breed of horses,
under every care and attention, will only raise you a
coarse horse or pony ; whilst good blooded horses,
even half starved and under every disadvantage, will
show strong marks of beauty, activity, and size ; and
after winning from his master kind treatment, often
becomes the chafhpion of the turf. I have known
several first rate race horses that were once plough
and draft horses.

A brood mare, that has produced one or two good
racers, from a good cross, in all probability will, at
any time produce one, when under similar advantages.
When a colt is foaled early in the spring, he will be
under every benefit that can be derived from size,
strength, and age ; consequently, it would be advisable
to put a mare to horse at such time as would produce
a colt about the fifteenth or twentieth of April. A

3*J BREEDING.

mare generally goes with foal eleven months and as
many days as she is years old. A colt foaled in April,
when three years old would have to carry no more
weight in a race field than one foaled in August ; which
would give to the one first foaled a difference of three
months of age, and of equal blood and under similar
advantages. The one first foaled ought very certainly
to prove best on the turf, from three to seven years old.

After your mare has been put to the horse of your
choice, she should not be confined during her preg-
nancy, but a house or shed about twelve feet square,
should be built for the purpose of sheltering her from
the rain or bad weather ; the south side of this house
should be left entirely open, so that the mare might
come in or go out at pleasure : and a manger and rack
should be confined in it for the purpose of feeding. A
good bed of straw, and that frequently changed, will
add much to her comfort, and she will be induced to
sleep under the shelter if the litter is kept clean. —
Adjoining this house there should be a lot, enclosed
with post and railing, containing from one to four
acres of ground, clear of snags, grubs, and stumps ; in
which the mare should be confined about two or three
weeks previous to her foaling : she will then be con-
venient to assistance, should any be necessary.

Mares frequently produce colts at fourteen or fifteen
years of age, and sometimes twenty ; but from five to
twelve years of age, from experiments made, appears
to be the most valuable part of a mare's life for raising
colts. Experience has also proved the great advan-
tage resulting to the form and size of a colt, from
letting him get thin upon grass alone, two or three
times previous to his being three years old; after which
time he may be constantly pushed as much as possible.

When the dam and sire of a colt are small, it is to

BREEDING. 83

be presumed a colt produced by them will make a
small horse, although there may be no objection to the
blood ; and if he makes a race horse, it twill be of the
unprofitable kind. He may be a winner at three years
old; at four years old, second best; and being too
small to carry weight, he never can win again. Such
a horse will not command a high price with a judge of
horses, as it is evident that a large horse, with the same
weight, will beat a small one, when they are equal in
all respects except size. Indeed, for the purpose of
draft or riding, a large horse will command double the
sum of a small one, which plainly proves the importance
of breeding from a large stock.

When a colt arrives at the age of two and a half
years, it is time he should be handled, and taught the
use of the bit. It is of great consequence he should
be first gentled by a person who well understands the
management of horses, to prevent bad habits; as first
impressions are never entirely removed from man or
beast.

34 BREEDING.

{The following is the mode of raising Blooded Horses, as pursued by
Wm. E. Broadnax, of Brunswick County, Virginia.]

[FROM THE AMERICAN FARMER.]

MODE OF RAISING BLOODED HORSES.

" In the first place, be particular in selecting a good
stock to breed from. When the mare is near foaling,
let her be to herself, and if early in the season, let her
have a good roomy stable to foal in; and in good
weather, let her and her colt be turned into a lot, (of
wheat I prefer.) Wean the colt the first of October
in a stable, until it is done snickering after its dam ;
then turn it in a lot ; if you have more than one, they
will do best together.

" Stable them at night, and turn them out in the day,
except in very bad weather : force them all you can the
first winter. To do this, their principal food should be
cut oats moistened with a due proportion of corn meal
sprinkled over and mixed with them. Most foals are
apt to be too delicate ; forcing them, and keeping them
warm at night, will increase the size of their limbs
in proportion to the weight of their bodies. After
they are one year old, they should not be kept so fat,
nor yet permitted to get poor. A stud colt, which is
intended to be kept as such, should be separated from
other horses at a year old, and stabled of nights; his
rack and manger should be so high as to strain him a
little to get food; the windows of the stable should
also be high, as he will be looking out at them : by
these means his shoulders will be thrown back, and his
withers raised. If it be wished to increase his quar-
teis, enlarge his muscles, and other material parts,
keep him in the stable frequently, for several days
together, which will animate him ; then turn him out in

BREEDING. 35

a lot, and encourage him to run and exert himself all
you can, as his parts will acquire size and strength in
proportion to the use made of them.

"I would recommend a mare of good form and
thorough blood, though she cost the most, because her
colts would cost 10 more to raise them than those from
an ordinary mare, and would probably sell for more
than three or four times as much. The reason I would
wean in a stable is, that in the usual way of weaning
in cornfields, &c. the colts run themselves poor before
they are weaned. I prefer wheat lots for mares and
colts, because they like it better than any thing else,
and I think it agrees better with them. I find oats
made use of as above stated, not only the most healthy
and best, but also the cheapest food for mares and
colts. In pursuing the course which has been laid
down, I obtained the following results :

" I selected a mare which I knew to be of good
stock, but from improper raising was only four feet
six inches high, and very delicate : The first removal
from her was four feet ten inches ; the second remova
five feet; the third was five feet two inches; the
fourth was five feet six inches."

36 RAISING OF COLTS.

RAISING OF COLTS.

[ The following answers were returned by William R. Johnson, to
questions propounded by J. Marshall, of Fauquier Co. Va."

" SENATE CHAMBER, February 4, 1829.

1. Keep the colts in pretty good order, not too fat,
until they are too years old, then break them gently.

2. Keep them in lots, it does not matter as to size,
taking care not to allow them to see other horses more
than possible.

3 and 4. Grass lots are best, and short grass.

5. Dry food mostly — when young, cut oats.

6. Give corn in the winter ; oats in the summer ;
not more at a time than they eat clean. When they
are once fat very light feeding is best.

7. It is not at all necessary to rub them until they
are two years old.

8. Wean the colts at about six months old.
Should ihe above answers to your questions not be

sufficiently explicit, they will be with great pleasure
added to.

Respectfully,

WILLIAM R. JOHNSON.

RACE HORSE. 37

[FROM THE AMERICAN FARMER.]

THE BLOODED HORSE.

How to choose a race horse by his external appearance, and to be a
judge of his symmetry by angular demonstration.

RULES.

1st. Draw a base line from the stifle joint along the
bottom of the chest to the extreme point of the elbow,
and to the shoulder-blade joint.

2dly. Draw a line from the curb or hock by the hip
joint above the back, to an imaginary point.

3dly. Draw another line from the point of the shoul-
der, ranging with the shoulder, and passing above the
back, until it intersects the line at the imaginary point.

4thly. Draw a line from the intersecting point of the
shoulders, giving the same declension until it intersects
the base line.

5thly. From the stifle to the point of the buttock
thence to the hip joint, thence declining to the stifle.

Gthly. Draw a line from the hip to the base line,
right angular declension, then to the shoulder up to the
chest.

Tthly. Then draw a straight line, regardless of the
curve of the back, to a straight line intersecting at the
shoulder at the beginning of the crest.

Sthly. Then take a line from the point of the shoul-
der, and angular degree, ranging with the shoulder-
blade to the top of the crest.

Othly. Then, regardless of the rising of the crest,

38 RACE HORSE.

draw a straight line from the top of the shoulder-blade
to intersect with the point of the former line.

Thus the real symmetry of a grand and beautiful
horse, possessed with muscular powers and strength,
is formed by a right-angled triangle ; and the farther
from it a race horse's form is, the less pretensions that
horse has to beauty, speed, bottom, or lastingness, ability
to carry weight, or activity.

A thick, upright shoulder, is a very certain mark of
a " stum bier," and is fit for no use whatever but the
slow draft.

A low coupling in the back, is a true mark of weak-
ness ; it denotes want of strength, lastingness, ability
to carry weight, or speed.

A low loin, is a certain mark of weakness, and a
weakly and washy constitution.

But, a rising loin, of ability to carry weight, speed,
activity, and lastingness, and a good constitution, sym-
metry, beauty, and muscular strength.

A race horse's legs cannot be too short.

A great declivity, and thin shoulders, denotes
speed.

A narrow breast, weakness.

A horse's breast bone, formed like that of the rabbit,
denotes also speed, and it is the best form for a race
horse.

A short, broad hock, denotes strength ; a broad stifle,
well let down to the curb or hock, denotes bottom or
lastingness, strength, and activity.

There are not two race horses in five hundred, pro-
perly formed in the knees ; which should be small,
divested of superfluous appendages, and strong; they
denote activitv and strength.

RACE HORSE. 39

A lax, bending pastern, denotes also speed ; a long
horse is preferable to a short one, because he can
cover a great deal of ground, and can bear pressing
better and longer.

The race horse, upon the whole, whose form in
general, is composed of the essential properties of the
following animals, viz. the rabbit, grey hound, and
ostrich — is the best.

GORWOOD.

December 6, 1827.

The following is the English mode of management and working of
Race Horses.

In the managing and working of race horses,
three things are to be considered : the preparation of
the horse, the conduct of the rider, and the after
treatment of the horse. The preparation of a race
horse for running a race is not the work of a few days,
if there be any great dependence on the success. A
month at least, is required to harden his muscles in
training, by proper food and exercise, and to refine his
wind, by clearing his body to that degree of perfec-
tion that is attainable by art. It is first necessary to
ascertain correctly the present state of the horse, as
whether he be low or high in flesh ; and in either
case, a proper estimate should be formed of the time
and means required to bring him into true running
condition.

40 RACE HORSE.

If a race horse be low in flesh, it is necessary to
fudge of the cause of such state, and to act accordingly.
It is to be remarked, that spices are less to be depended
on for this purpose than generous food, as malt mashes ;
and if any thing of the kind be used, let it be the simple
cordial ball. Feed frequently, and by little at a time :
while he is thus low, let his exercise be walking only,
and by no means spare his water, or he will become
hide-bound: carefully watch him, that full feeding
may not disagree by making his heels swell, or his
coat unthrifty ; and if such appearances occur, mash
him and begin his scourings, otherwise abstain from
physic until he is in better health. As he improves in
condition, increase his exercise, but not to such a
degree as to make him sweat : his food must now be
the best oats and beans, with wheaten or barley bread ;
the beans and oats are to be put into a bag and beaten
until the hulls are all off, and then winnowed clean ;
the bread instead of being chipped in the common
way, is to have the crust clean off.

If the horse be in good flesh and spirits when taken
up for his month's preparation, cordials are altogether
unnecessary; and the chief business will be to give
him good food, and so much exercise as will keep him
in wind, without over-sweating or tiring his spirits. —
When he takes larger exercise afterwards, towards
the end of the month, it will be proper to have some
horses in the place to run against him. This will put
him upon his mettle, and the beating them will give him
spirits. This, howe-ver, is t- > be cautiously observed,
that he has not a bloody he*at given him for ten days or
a fortnight before the plate is to be run for ; and that the
last heat that is given him the day before the raoe, must
be in his clothes : this will make him run with greatly
more vigour when stripped for the race, and feeling the

RACE HORSE. 41

cold wind on every part. In the second week, the horse
should have the same food and more exercise ; and in
the last fortnight he must have dried oats, that have
been hulled by beating ; after this jockeys wet them
with the whites of eggs beaten up, and then laid out in
the sun to dry ; and when dry as before, the horse
is to have them : this sort of food being considered by
them as very light of digestion, and very good for the
creature's wind. The beans in this time should be
given more sparingly, and the bread should be made
of three parts wheat and one part beans, or of wheat
and barley m equal parts. If he should become costive
under this course, he must then have bran- water to
drink, or some ale and whites of eggs beaten together ;
and keep his body moist. In the last week all mashing
is to be omitted, and barley-water given him in its place ;
and every day, till the day before the race, he should
have his fill of hay ; then he must have it given him
more sparingly, that he may have time to digest it ;
and in the morning of the race day, he must have a
toast or two of white bread soaked in ale, and the same
'ust before he is led out of the field. This is an excel-
lent method, because the two extremes of fulness and
fasting are at this time to be equally avoided ; the one
heating his wind, and the other occasioning a faintness
that may make him loose. After he has had his food,
the litter is to be shook up, and the stable kept quiet,
that he may be disturbed by nothing till he is taken
out to run.

In the choice of a rider for winning a race, it is
necessary, as far as possible, to select one that is not
only expert and able, but honest. He must have a very
close seat, his knees being turned close to the saddle
skirts, and held firmly there ; and the toes turned
inwards, so that the spurs may be turned outwards to
5

42 RACE HORSE.

the horse's belly ; his left hand governing the horse's
mouth, and his right the whip. During the whole time
of the race, he must take care to sit firm in the saddle,
without waving or standing up in the stirrups. Some
jockeys fancy the last a becoming seat ; but it is certain
that all motions of this kind do really incommode the
horse. In spurring the horse, it is not to be done by
sticking the calves of the legs close to the horse's side,
as if it were intended to press the wind out of his body ;
but on the contrary, the toes are to be turned a little
outwards, and the heels being brought in, the spurs
may just be brought to touch the side. A sharp touch of
this kind will be of more service toward the quicken-
ing of a horse's pace, and will sooner draw blood than
one of the common coarse kicks. The expert jockey
will never spur his horse until there is great occasion,
and then he will avoid striking him under the fore
bowels, between the shoulders and the girt ; this is the
tenderest part of a horse, and a touch there is to be
reserved for the greatest extremity.

As to whipping the horse, it ought always to be
done over the shoulder, on the near side, except in
very hard running, and on the point of victory ; then
the horse is to be struck on the flank with a strong
jerk; for the skin is the most tender of all there, and
most sensible of the lash. When a horse is whipped
and spurred, and is at the top of his speed, if he clap his
cars in his pole or whisk his tail, it is a proof that the
jockey treats him hard, and then he ought to give him
as much comfort as he can, by sawing the snaffle back-
wards and forwards in his mouth, and by that means
forcing him to open his mouth, which will give him
wind, and be of great service. If there be any high
wind stirring in the time of riding, the artful jockey
will let his adversary lead, holding hard behind him,

RACE HORSE. 43

till he sees an opportunity of giving a loose ; yet m
this case he must keep so close behind, that the other
horse may keep the wind from him ; and that he, sit-
ting low, may at once shelter himself under him, and
assist the strength of the horse. If the wind happen
to be in their back, the expert jockey is to keep
directly behind the adversary, that he may have aL
the advantage of the wind to blow his horse along, as
it were, and at the same time intercept it in regard to
his adversary.

When running on level smooth ground, the jockey
is to beat his horse as much as the adversary will give
him leave, because the horse is naturally more in-
clined to spend himself on this ground ; on the con-
trary, on deep earths, he may have more liberty, as
he will there spare himself.

In riding up hill the horse is always to be favoured,
by bearing him hard, for fear of running him out of
wind ; but in running down hill, if the horse's feet
and shoulders will bear it, and the rider dares venture
his neck, he may have a full loose. If the horse have
the heels of the rest, the jockey must always spare
him a little, that he may have a reserve of strength to
make a push at the last post.

On the joclicijs knowing the nature of the horse
that is to run against him, a great deal depends ; for
by managing accordingly, great advantages are to be
obtained : thus, if the opposite horse is of a hot and fiery
disposition, the jockey is either to run just behind him or
cheek-by-jole with him, making a noise with the whip,
and by that means forcing him on faster than his rider
would have him, and consequently, spending him so
much the sooner ; or else keep him just before him in
such a slow gallop that he may either overreach, or by

44 RACE HORSE.

treading on the heels of the fore horse, endanger
tumbling over. Whatever be the ground that the
adversary's horse runs worst on, the cunning x jockey
is to ride the most violently over ; and by this means
it will often happen, that in following he either stum-
bles or claps on the back sinews. The several cor-
rections of the hand, the whip and the spur, are also
to be observed in the adversary, and in what manner
he makes use oi them : and when it is perceived by
any of the symptoms of holding down the ears, or
whisking the tail, or stretching out the nose like a pig,
that the horse is almost blown, the business is to keep
him on to his speed, and he will be soon thrown out
or distanced. If the horse of the opponent looks dull,
it is a sign his strength fails him ; and if his flanks
beat much, it is a sign that his wind begins to fail him,
and his strength will soon do so too.

T/ie after management of a horse that has run, in
eludes the treatment between the heats, and the treat
ment after the race is over. After every heat, there
must be dry straw and dry cloths, both linen and
woollen, ready to rub him down all over, after taking
off the sweat with what is called a sweat-knife ; that
is, a piece of an old sword blade or some such thing.
After the horse has been well rubbed, he should be
chafed all over with cloths wet in common water,
till the time of starting again. When it is certainly
known that the horse is good at the bottom, and will
stick at the mark, he should be rode every heat to the
best of his performance ; and the jockey is, as much
as possible, to avoid riding at any particular horse, or
slaying for any, but to ride out the whole heat with
the best speed he can. If, on the contrary, he has a
fiery horse to ride, and one that is hard to manage,
hard mouthed, and difficult to be held, he is to be started

HOSTLER. 45

behind the rest of the horses with all imaginable cool-
ness and gentleness ; and when he begins to ride at
some command, then the jockey is to put up to the
other horses ; and if they ride at their ease, and are
hard held, they are to be drawn on faster ; and if it be
perceived that their wind begins to rake hot, and they
want a sob, the business is to keep them up to that
speed ; and when they are all come within three quar-
ters of a mile of the post, then is the time to push for it,
and use the utmost speed in the creature's power.

When the racz is over, the horse is immediately to
be clothed up and rode home ; and immediately on his
coming into the stable, the following drink is to be
given him : Beat up the yelks of three eggs, and put
them into a pint and a half of sound ale, made warm ;
and let it be given with a horn. After this, he is to
be rubbed well down, and the saddle-place rubbed over
with warm water and vinegar, and places where the
spurs have touched, with the same ; after this he should
have a feed of rye bread, then a good mash, and at
some time after these as much hay and oats as he will
eat. His legs, after this, should be bathed some time
with a mixture of vinegar and water, '

HOSTLER.

No situation that a servant can be placed in, requires
more activity, sobriety, strength, attention, and indus-
try, than that of an hostler. And how often do we
see weak, lazy, careless, crippled, and even extreme
old men, worn out with age and infirmity, placed in
tnat employment'? Indeed, those are often made

46 STABLES.

choice of that are unable to perform labour of any
description. Nothing can be more agreeable to a
fatigued traveller, than to place his horse in possession
of every pleasure, every comfort possible, after his
having faithfully performed a hard ride, or on a journey ;
which he cannot have the opportunity of doing, unless
a fit person is selected for an hostler.

Many fine horses and stables have been destroyed
by carelessness. Hostlers that smoke pipes or segars,
are unfit for that employment.

STABLES.

NOTHING conduces more to the health of a horse,
than a good and wholesome stable. It should be built
upon a high, airy, and firm situation, that the horse, in
bad weather, may come in and go out clean. No
animal delights more in cleanliness than the horse, or
to whom bad smells are more disagreeable and perni-
cious. Great attention should be paid to the removal
of all offensive and putrid matter, to prevent the farcy
and other troublesome and distressing diseases, which
frequently proceed from such neglect. A log stable is
preferable to any other, on account of its admitting a
free circulation of air in summer; and by the use of
slabs or straw in winter, can be made warm and com-
fortable. Opposite to each stall there should be a
lattice or window, with a shutter ; by which means you
can, at pleasure, either welcome the cheering breeze,
or bar out the threatening storm. The rack should be
smooth, high, and firmly fastened to the wall ; which
will prevent a horse injuring his eyes, skinning his

STABLES. 47

face, and doing himself other injury when feeding.
The upright pieces in a rack should be four, or foui
and a half inches apart, to prevent long food from
being unnecessarily wasted. The halter should never
be tied to the rack, (several fine horses having been
ruined by such carelesness,) but should be passed
through a ring in the manger, and confined to a longer
or smooth piece of wood, weighing about a pound.
With a halter of this description, there is no danger
of a horse's hanging, alarming, or injuring himself. A
stall should be four and a half or five feet wide, which
will allow him to lie down with comfort. The stable
floor should be planked, to m?ke the coat of hair show
to advantage ; but a dirt floor is far preferable, when
a horse is wanted for actual service : there is a mois-
ture received by the hoof from the earth, which is
absolutely necessary to make it tough and service-
able. Either kind of stable floors should be a little
raised towards the manger, to turn the urine from the
stall, which produces an unpleasant smell, and (when
permitted to stand a length of time) very unwhole-
some vapours. When the size of a stable is calculated
for several horses, the partitions between the stalls
should be neatly and smoothly planked low enough to
the floor, to prevent the horse when lying down,
getting his legs through, and high enough at top to
prevent them from smelling, biting, and molesting
each other. A plentiful bed of clean, dry straw affords,
to a fatigued or travelling horse, as great a welcome
as his food, and is as necessary in a stable as the
pitchfork, curry-comb, and brush.

48 NICKING.

NICKING.

NICKING a horse has been generally believed to be
Attended with much difficulty, and to require great in-
genuity and art to perform the operation. The nicking
alone, is by far the easiest part, as the curing and
pullying requires considerable attention and trouble.
Nicking is an operation performed for the purpose of
making a horse carry an elegant artificial tail, which
adds much to his beauty and value. A horse may be
finely shaped, even without fault, except carrying a
bad tail, and he will not command a larger sum than
one of very loose and ordinary shape elegantly nicked.
One thus operated on, will have an appearance of
gaiety, sprightliness, and life, which cannot be given
by art in any other way ; indeed, it very Irequently
happens the tail sells for one fourth the value of the
horse, which argues strongly in favour of the opera-
tion being performed on every tolerable likely horse,
that is naturally deficient in that respect.

Some are of opinion, and particularly our plain,
good old farmers, who are in the habit of raising fine
horses, that nicking is injurious, weakening the back,
unstringing the tendons, relaxing the muscles about the
hind parts, causing a horse frequently to fall and some-
times to catch upoji their ancles behind, almost
breaking the rider's back ; in all of which they are
entirely mistaken, and would readily be convinced of
the fact, if they were to study the anatomy of the
horse. Every tendon, muscle, nerve, artery, &c. that
is separated in nicking, is always cut in docking ;
and we do not find it the result of experiment, that a
horse with a long tail is more durable, stronger, ree

NICKING. 49

from catching or sinking behind, than a horse that has
been docked. Nicking will never make a bad horse a
good one, or a good horse a bad one.

The opinion unfavourable to nicking, no doubt, has
taken its rise from many delicate, weak, long-legged
horses being nicked for the purpose of selling them.
When the operation succeeds well, the horse assumes
a new appearance, being more like a dancing master
than a grave digger, after which he will continue to
practise his old habits of catching behind, or making a
bow, although he appears as if he could glide upon the
wind. This elegant tail causes them to forget this is the
same tender and weak horse that was in bad habits
before he was nicked ; and almost proves, without
reflection, that nicking is the cause of his apparent weak-
ness. Indeed if such opinions were founded on fact,
all horses that had been nicked, would fall and catch
behind, whenever they had to descend a small hill. I
have never known an instance of a horse catching
behind after being nicked, that was not in the habit
previous to the operation being performed.

Before I describe the operation of nicking, it may
be necessary to inquire into the effect, or how the
elevation of the tail is brought about. In order to do
this, and judge of the operation with propriety, we
must consider the tail elevated or raised by one set of
muscles, ending in large tendons, and depressed or
drawn down by another ; the muscles and tendons that
elevate the tail, are stronger and more numerous, and
nearer to the bone than those that depress it ; they are
closely connected to the bones of the tail by fleshy
fibres, and terminate in strong tendons at the extre-
mity. The tendons that throw down or depress the
tail, are two in number, and may be found within a

50 NICKING .

quarter of an inch of the outer sides of the fail, next to
the hair. There are three arteries ; two large, on the
outer side and immediately under the tendons, and one
in the centre between the two nearer the bone, all
running into a longitudinal direction, and decreasing
in size to the extreme end.

To perform the operation of nicking, it is first neces-
sary the horse should be well secured, to prevent his
kicking or doing other injury ; a twitch is to be put on
his upper lip, but not so high as to prevent his breath-
ing; a cord is to be made fast to the fetlock of one of
his hind legs, tbence carried forward and made fast to
his fore leg above the knee, which will effectually
prevent his doing injury during the operation. — [See
Plate.]

Being now confined, you are ready to commence
the operation, which chiefly consists in a transverse
division of those depressing tendons of the tail, and
such a position afterwards as will keep their extremi-
ties again from eoming into contact ; so that an inter-
vening callous fills up the vacuity, and elevates, erects,
and props the tail. There are three different modes
of nicking, all of which I will proceed to explain,
giving an opportunity to any person, about to perform
the operation, to make their selection.

To make a horse carry an elegant tail, is attended
with some uncertainty, as much depends upon the
spirit, disposition, form, size of the bone of the tail,
&c. &c. &c. A horse of good spirit, tolerable shape,
and a small bone in the tail, can be made to carry an
elegant tail with the greatest ease ; particularly if he
carried a tolerably natural tail. But a dull, leather-
headed, flop-eared horse, with a remarkable large bone
in his tail, will set you a task, although you may break

NICKING. 51

the bone in two or three places — indeed there is so
much difference in horses, that some judgment must
be exercised about the mode best to be adopted to the
accomplishment of the object in view.

Nothing can more disfigure the appearance of a
horse, than to be half nicked. The form of the tail,
when this unfortunately happens, departs from the
simplicity of nature, and never attains the elegance
of art.

The first mode of nicking I shall describe, is the
simplest, and attended with the least trouble ; and
although it succeeds well, twice out of three times, yet
I think inferior to the other two I shall presently de-
scribe. Being prepared with a sharp knife and a
crooked piece of iron or buck's horn, for the purpose
of performing the operation.

1st. Have a twitch placed upon his nose as directed
in the engraving annexed. — Figure 3.

2d. With a strong rope, confine his left hind leg to
his left fore leg, above the knee. — Figures 5 <£ 6.

3d. Plat 'the tail close and neatly, from the root to
the end, clubbing or turning it over a small stick. —
Figure 7.

4th. Turn the tail up, with a strong arm that can
keep it firm and steady, in a direct line with his rump
and back-bone. — Figure 7.

5th. With a sharp knife make an incision on each
side of the tail about three inches long, in a longitu-
dinal direction, about two inches from the root, and
about a quarter of an inch from the outer edge of the
tail, next to the hair ; so soon as you get through the
skin, you will find exposed the two large tendons.
6

52 NICKING

6th. Make a second pair of incisions, similar to
the first, commencing within about two inches of the
termination of the first.

7th. Make one other pair of incisions, in length pro-
portioned to the length of the tail, taking care to leave
about two inches at the end.

8th. With a crooked iron or horn, take up the ten-
dons at the first incision, as near the root of the tail as
possible, and cut them smoothly in two.

9th. Take up the tendons at the second incision,
and by using strength, draw those in the first incision
out at the second.

10th. Draw those of the second out at the third
incision, and cut them off smoothly.

llth. Wash the tail in strong salt and water, and
take from the neck vein half a gallon of blood, three
times within a week.

12th. The horse may be turned out or used mode-
rately, and should be fed on green or light food ; his
tail should be washed clean, with soap and water, three
or four times within a fortnight ; by which* time, in all
probability, he will be entirely well. A horse nicked
in this way will require no pulleying, provided the tail
is well strained up, with a strong arm, twice a day.

The second mode of nicking is attended with more
trouble than the first ; but with the greatest certainty
of a horse carrying an elegant tail. Having confined
the horse as first directed, and prepared yourself with
a sharp knife —

1st. Make an incision entirely across the under
part of the horse's tail, deep enough on each side to
cut in two the depressors or tendons, but shallow
in the middle, and about two inches from the root of

NICKING. 53

the tail. When the* depressors are entirely cut in
two, one end of them will suddenly draw towards the
rump, and the other will slip or shoot out of the
wound about half an inch, which must be cut off
smoothly and even with the wound.

2d. The second incisions must be made like the
first, from which they must be distant about three
inches.

3d. The third incisions should be made like the
second, except deeper. If any artery should be cut,
it is no cause of alarm ; as a plentiful bleeding is ot
infinite service in speedily curing the tail thus operated
on, and the blood is easily stopped by wrapping the
tail up with a small quantity of salt, added to a handful
of flour, or by placing him in the pulleys ; though from
a gallon to a gallon and a half of blood would not be
too much to lose.

4th. After nicking, the tail should be washed in
strong salt and water, and the horse *may not be pul-
leyed for three or four days, at which time all blood,
dirt, &c. should be carefully removed, not only from
the under part of the tail, buf from amongst the hair
also, and should be kept clean until he is cured, which
will be about three weeks ; by which time should he
not be fat, his condition will be much improved.

5th. The tail should be taken out of the pulleys
every three or four days, unplatted, and washed clean
with strong soap-suds.

6th. Bleed every five or six days, taking from a
half to a gallon of blood at each bleeding, and if the
tail appears much inflamed, bleed oftener; it will
remove fever and inflammation, and cause the wounds
to heal very quick.

54 NICKING.

7th. His food should be easy of digestion, light
and cool, such as bran, oats, or green food of any kind.
If the root of the tail should be inflamed, (which is very
often the case after pulleying,) or should small biles
appear, apply a little tincture of myrrh, copperas, or
blue-stone water. It very often happens, that the
hair in the tail of a nicked horse shows a disposition
to drop, which should be prevented, by washing the
tail in sharp vinegar, and keeping it nice and clean
with soap-suds. The matter discharged from the
wounds, if permitted to remain amongst the hair for
twenty-four hours, will take it off as readily as a
knife. It is of very great importance to prevent this,
as the best nicked horse in the world will look ugly, if
he has little or no hair in his tail ; besides, it generally
takes twelve months to replace it.

Horses are sometimes nicked, when their blood is
in a bad state, which is the cause of their tails swelling
and showing marks of violent inflammation ; to remove
which, it will be only necessary to bleed plentifully,
and apply a poultice made of a strong decoction of red
oak bark and corn meal ^

If this operation should be performed in a season
of the year when flies are troublesome, the tail and
buttocks of the horse should be anointed with stur-
geon's oil, which will effectually remove them.

I shall now proceed to describe the third and best
mode of nicking every description of horses; and
which, if well attended to, will seldom or never fail to
succeed.

1st. The stall, pulleys, halter, and manger, should
all be prepared for the reception of a horse, previous
to being nicked, as directed in the engraving pre-
fixed. The pulleys (figure 2) about six or eight feet

NICKING 55

apart, and about the same distance from the stable
floor, over each side of the stall, and firmly fastened
to the wall ; a smooth and small cord is then to be
passed through each of the pulleys, and to each end
must be confined two equal weights, as figure 10 ; the
halter should be constructed and fastened as figure 11 ;
the trough should be securely fastened to the stall or
wall, to prevent its being pulled down, (figure 8,)
the stall should be three or three and an half feet
wide, and not deep enough to allow a horse to rub and
disfigure his tail, as figure 9.

2d. The horse should be confined, as figures 5, 6,
and 3, and the tail closely and neatly platted up and
clubbed at the end, or turned over a small stick, and
securely tied with a waxed string, as figures 7 and 4.

3d. Being provided with a sharp knife and a crook-
ed piece of buck's horn, and the tail being turned up
by a strong arm, in a direct line with the back bone,
as before mentioned, commence the operation by mak-
ing a transverse incision, immediately across the tail,
one and a half inches from the root, and deep enough
to separate entirely the tendons on each side of the
under part of the tail, which will be found about a
quarter of an inch from the hair on the outer edge ;
this incision in the middle may be shallow. The large
arteries lie so immediately under the tendons, that they
are often wounded or separated in performing this
operation, which will be a great advantage in the
healing of the wounds, instead of doing injury by the
loss of blood. But whenever a horse may have bled
from one to two gallons, the bleeding will readily stop
by placing the tail in pulleys, or by applying a small
quantity of flour and salt to the wound, and wrap the
tail up moderately tight with a linen rag, from the
root to the end.
6*

56 NICKING.

4th. Make two incisions lengthwise or longitudi-
nally, (commencing about two or two and a half inches
from the cross or transverse incision,) and about three
inches in length, which will expose the large tendons
on each side.

5th. Make two other incisions of the same kind,
commencing about one inch from the second, and in
length running within about two inches of the end of
the tail.

6th. Make a transverse incision within half an inch
of the termination of the longitudinal incisions, (or
those made lengthwise,) pretty deep.

7th. With a buck's horn take up the large tendons
in the second incisions, and draw the ends out of the
first ; take up those in the third and draw* the ends out
of the second, and at the upper part of the wound cut
off the tendons even and smooth.

8th. With a strong arm strain up the tail opposite
the second incisions, until the bone slips or breaks ;
treat the tail opposite the third incisions in the same
manner — also the fourth and last, which should be
made across.

9th. Wash the tail in strong salt water, and the
horse may be placed in a stall, turned in a pasture, or
elsewhere, for two or three days.

10th. Wash the wound and tail clean with strong
soap suds, and place the horse in the pulleys, by pas-
sing a small noose (Figure 1) over the stick confined
in the hair, at the end of the tail — (Figure 4.)

1 1th. Take from the neck vein half a gallon of blood,
each week, until he gets well ; or double the quantity
should the tail be much inflamed. He should remain
in the pulleys about three weeks, in order to give the
new flesh time to get firm, and should be washed once

NICKING. 57

ii day with castile soap, so that it may be kept entirely
clean. The tail should be taken out of the pulleys
twice a week, the hair unplatted, and permitted to
remain down all night, and the horse changed to a
clean and large stall, with a good bed of straw, for the
purpose of sleeping and refreshing himself. Before he
is again confined, he may be rode two or three hundred
yards, slow, and without being fretted. Whilst stand-
ing in the pulleys, his legs should be frequently bathed
with pot-liquor, in which bacon was boiled; vinegai
and sweet oil, or lard and spirits of any kind ; and
a mash should be given him at least once a week, of
one gallon of bran or oats, with a table spoonful of
powdered brimstone, and one tea spoonful of salt-
petre; not permitting him to drink for six hours after-
wards. His halter should be made of substantial
materials, to prevent his breaking loose whilst confined
in the pulleys, pulling the hair out of the end of the
tail, and doing himself other injury. A bucket of salt
and water may be given twice a week during his con-
finement, which will be very grateful to the taste and
cooling to the system.

12th. Great pains should be taken to have the weights
to the pulleys equal, in order to keep the tail in a per-
pendicular direction, and prevent it from turning to
either side during the time of healing ; as a horse that
carries his tail round to one side, instead of being
elegantly nicked, is ruined. The wounds, occasionally,
should be washed in blue-stone or copperas water,
which will cause them to heal rapidly; the horse
should have as much green and light food as he can
eat, such as bran, oats, &c. Some horses that are
nicked in this way, and are pulleyed only four or five
days, carry very handsome tails ; but I am of opinion,

•

58 PRICKING. FOXING.

to ensure success, it is necessary they should be kept
in the pulleys until the wounds are perfectly well.

PRICKING.

THE pricking a horse has proved to be as useless an
operation as it is simple, seldom or never having the
desired effect; consequently the practice should be
abolished. Many nicked horses fail to carry good
tails; and much less is it to be expected from a horse
that is pricked. I would recommend that the operation
should never be performed.

FOXING.

To fox a horse is an operation so simple, that it can
be performed by almost any person. The only skill is,
to select such horses as will be improved by being
foxed. There is an instrument generally used for this
purpose ; but the operation can be performed very
correctly without it. The simplest and easiest mode
is, to take a very small paint-brush, and with paint
that will form a contrast to the colour of the horse,
mark the ears of the shape and length you prefer ;
then place on his nose a twitch ; have one of his fore

DOCKING. 59

legs held up ; and with a sharp knife cut off the ears,
carefully following the line which was previously made
with the brush ; the skin will immediately slip down
and leave the gristly part a little naked, which must
be washed in salt and water once a day for about a
week, after which they should be greased with a little
sweet oil, fresh butter, or hog's lard, and they will get
entirely well in two or three weeks. A horse with a
small, thin, delicate head, will always be much im-
proved by being foxed. But a horse with a fleshy,
heavy, thick, or long head, will show with less advan-
tage after his ears are cut off, even if he carried them
extremely bad previous to the operation.

DOCKING.

DOCKING a horse is an operation so simple, as to re
quire but little skill or judgment in its performance.
A twitch is to be placed upon the upper lip of the
horse, but not so high as to prevent his breathing, (as
in the engraving for nicking, figure 3,) — one of his
fore legs must be held up to prevent his kicking or
doing other injury, and a waxed string must be tied
very tight twice round the tail, just above the place
where it is to be cut off; a large block of wood is to
be placed upon his rump, and the tail turned up and
iaid smoothly on the block ; then, with a sharp instru •
ment, you may cut the tail the length you prefer,
(though horses docked short generally carry the best
tails,) or after the waxed string is securely tied, take

00 CASTRATING.

the tail in one hand, and a large knife (sharpened on a
brick to give it a rough edge) in the other, and with
ease, at one stroke, you may cut the tail in two : then
take a piece of iron, moderately hot, place a little rosin
in the wound, and sear it, recollecting to cut off the
waxed string two or three days afterwards, and grease
the tail with a little fresh butter or sweet oil, which
will cause it to heal very quickly afterwards. When
a horse is docked, the same tendons, arteries, and
nerves are separated, that are divided in nicking ; and
it is very rare that a horse's life is endangered or lost
in consequence of performing either operation.

[FROM LOUDON'S ENCYCLOPEDIA OF AGRICULTURE.]

CASTRATING COLTS.

THE time for ca-strating or gelding of colts is
usually when they are about a year old ; although
this operation is frequently suspended till the second
year, especially when it is intended to keep them on
hand, and without employing them in labour till the
following season. Parkinson disapproves of delaying
this operation so long, and recommends twitching
the colts, a practice well known to the ram breeders,
any time after a week old, or as soon after as the
testicles are come down ; and this method, he says,
lie has followed himself, with great success. Elaine's
remarks on the subject of castration appear wor-
thy of notice: he says, when the breed is particu-

CASTRATING. 61

. /

larly good, and many considerable expectations arc
formed on the colt, it is always prudent to wait till
twelve months: at this period, if his fore parts are
correspondent with his hinder, proceed to castrate ;
but if he be not sufficiently well up before, or his neck
be too long and thin, and his shoulders spare, he will
assuredly improve by being allowed to remain whole
six or eight months longer. Another writer suggests
for experiment, the spaying of mares, thinking they
would work better, and have more wind than geldings.
But he does not appear to have been aware that this is
by no means a new experiment ; for Tusser, who wrote
in 1562, speaks of gelding fillies as a common practice
at that period. The main objection to this operation
is not that brood mares would become scarce, as he
supposes ; but that, by incapacitating them from breed-
ing, in case of accident, and in old age, the loss in this
expensive species of live stock would be greatly
enhanced. An old or lame mare would then be as
worthless as an old or lame gelding is at present.

[ The following mode of castrating colts is taken from Mr. Skinner's
American Turf Register and Sporting Magazine.]

The operator must in the first place provide himself
with a strong rope, a couple of clamps for each colt,
(if he intends altering more than one,) a little paste, a
ball of twine or good thread, and a phial of the following
mixture :

R. Two tea-spoonfuls of red precipitate,

One do. nf corrosive sublimate,

to be well ground separately, and then intimately
mixed. The clamp is made thus: Take a piece or

G2 CASTRATING.

elder six inches long and from three quarters to one
inch in diameter ; bark it, and split it through the middle,
and having taken out the pith, cut one adjoining end
of each piece with a slope, from the inside out-
wards, about an inch, and notch it on the outside, as
also the other end that is not sloped, that they may be
securely tied together. Fill the hollows nicely with
the paste, and sprinkle over it some of the mixture in
phial. Then place the sloped ends together in such a
manner that the other ends will be separated about an
inch, and tie them by several turns of the thread in that
position, thus:

Every preparation being made; the colt thrown
and care folly tied; the integuments of the testicles are
to be laid open, the stone pulled out, and the epididy-
mis separated from its adhesion to the lower end of
the testicle -as in the ordinary way. The cord is then
caught in one of the clamps, which is pressed hard
upon it, and firmly tied at the open end. When this
is accomplished, the cord must be cut directly off, close
to the edge of the clamp, and a little more of the above
mixture should be sprinkled upon the ends exposed by
the knife. After the operation is concluded, the clamps
should be suffered to remain on eighteen or twenty-four
hours. They may then be taken off by penning the
colt in a confined place, and cutting the strings which
tie their blunt ends. Neither swelling, nor stiffness,
nor any other inconvenience follows this operation, and
the animal appears, after he is relieved of the clamps,
as well as ever he was. This method may, with equal
efficacy, be applied to every other animal whoso age
or size renders the old way precarious.

FATTENING. 63

FATTENING.

To fatten a horse in a short space of time, has
generally been considered a very great art, and at-
tended with much difficulty. Some authors are of
opinion, it is necessary for a horse to swallow a certain
quantity of medicine to produce the desired effect ;
while others rely on an uncommon or peculiar kind of
food ; but experience has proved that both opinions
are erroneous, and that the few simples which I shall
here recommend, together with good rubbing and a
particular manner of feeding, will accomplish the fat-
tening of a horse that is not a garran or extremely
poor, within three or four weeks. After your stable
is prepared, (as directed in pages 46 and 47,) provide a
plenty of good sweet corn, hommony, oats, bran, and
fodder ; also a sufficient quantity of straw to keep him
with a comfortable and clean bed; then notice the
condition of the animal, for the purpose of bleeding in
the neck. Should he be very poor, take from him only
one quart of blood ; if in tolerable plight, two quarts
— repeating the bleeding at the expiration of every
eight or ten days, until he is fat. Take of flaxseed
one pint, boil it to a strong tea of one quart ; take oi
powdered brimstone, one table spoonful ; salt-petre,
one tea spoonful ; of bran, one and a half gallons ; mix
them all together, scalding the bran with the tea, form-
ing a mash; which may be given every eight days :
not permitting the horse to drink cold water for eight
or ten hours afterwards. Take of asafcetida (which
can be procured from any apothecary's shop) half an
ounce ; wrap it in a clean linen rag, and nail it in the
bottom of the manger where the animal is fed; at
first the horse will eat unwillingly where it is placed,
but in a few days he will grow remarkably fond of it.
7

G4 FATTENING.

When you commence kind treatment towards a
horse that has been cruelly used, let it be with great
caution, or you may produce a founder or some other
injury ; those serviceable animals being too often hard
used and half starved. For three or four days, allow-
ance a horse you contemplate fattening, to two and
a half gallons a day, six or eight bundles of fodder,
or an equal quantity of hay ; after which you may
keep your rack constantly full of long food, and never
permit the manger to be entirely empty : taking care
to change the food every day, giving the largest pro-
portion of bran, viz.: — bran and homrnony, bran and
oats, bran and corn, bran alone, oats, corn, hommony,
&c. &c. The food moistened occasionally with strong
sassafras tea, produces an admirable effect ; it whets
the appetite, enriches the blood, and opens the bowels.
Whenever a horse is fed, all dust, sour food, &c.
should be removed from his manger, which should
be washed twice a week with vinegar and salt ; this
kind of attention will aid the appetite and keep the
manger sweet and clean. If the season of the year
you undertake to fatten in, affords green food of any
kind, a little about twelve o'clock would assist you
much in accomplishing your object. In the bucket in
which you water, throw a handful of salt, two or three
times a week; it becomes very grateful to the taste,
after a few days' confinement, and will prevent his
pawing and eating dirt. If the object is to fatten a
horse as speedily as possible, giving to him unusual
life and spirits, he should not be brought out of the
stable, nor even led to water. But if flesh is to be
placed upon a horse to render hard service, I would
recommend moderate exercise once every three days,
carefully avoiding fretting or alarming him ; more in-
jury may be done a horse by fretting him one day,

EXCESSIVE FATIGUE. 65

than you can remove in a week by the kindest treat-
ment. The hoofs should be cleaned out every morn-
ing and evening, stuffed with clay and salt, or fresh
cow manure, to keep the feet cool and prevent a swel-
ling in the legs. A plenty of good rubbing is abso-
lutely necessary for the placing of flesh speedily on a
horse ; and a blanket as a covering, at any time except
the summer months, will place on his coat of hair a
beautiful gloss, and add much to his comfort and ap-
parent value.

EXCESSIVE FATIGUE,

FOR a horse to undergo very great fatigue without
injury, requires at least one week's preparation. Pre-
vious to entering him on his journey, he should be fed
plentifully on solid old food, such as corn, fodder,
hay or oats, and smartly exercised from five to ten
miles a day. He should be well rubbed two or three
times every twenty-four hours, which will very readily
have the effect of making his flesh not only firm, but
hard. I have no doubt, from the experiments I have
made, that any tolerable good and active horse may be
rode one hundred miles, in a pleasant long day, with-
out receiving any permanent injury, by observing the
treatment I shall here recommend. Experience has
proved that rainy or drizzly weather is more favoura-
ble to the performance of an excessive hard ride, than
a day that is fair or sultry, with sunshine ; rain has
the effect of keeping him cool, suppling his limbs, oi
moistening and refreshing him. On the night pre-

66 EXCESSIVE FATIGUE.

vious to his engaging in this laborious undertaking,
feed your horse with one and a half gallon of oats, or
one gallon of corn and six bundles of fodder ; in the
morning feed with one quart of oats or corn only, and
offer some salt and water, of which a horse is apt to
drink but little early in the morning. You then set
out on your journey, in such speed as is proportioned
to the distance you contemplate going in the day. A
rider, who is compelled to perform a long journey in
haste, and with certainty, in a given time, should be
extremely particular in his manner of riding. He
should bear lightly and steadily on his bridle and stir-
rups, never jerking, checking, or stopping his horse
suddenly, or change his gaits too frequently ; all these
things have a tendency to weaken and fatigue a horse
extremely. A good rider will more resemble the light
and airy movements of a feather, than the dull and
leaden gravity of a bullet ; the same horse can convey
a good rider twenty miles farther in a day than he can
one unskilled in this necessary and elegant accomplish-
ment. After progressing about fifteen or eighteen
miles, refreshment will be necessary, not only for the
horse, but the rider also. You will then give him a
bucket of salt and water with two handfuls of corn
meal thrown therein, and one quart of oats or corn ;
at twelve o'clock and at dinner time, feed and water in
the same manner. Great care should be taken to pre-
vent your I'orse from drinking cold pond or well water,
or indulge in any inviting rivulet he may meet in his
road, more than to moisten his mouth. It is a prac-
tice " among hostlers, when they have no particular
directions, to plunge horses that are tired and heated
at twelve o'clock, into cold pond water ; in preference
to which I would advise that their legs should be well
rubbed with about half a pint of any kind of spirits.

EXCESSIVE FATIGUE. 67

Your last feed being at two o'clock, or dinner time,
your horse will require nothing more until night.
The day's ride being performed, turn him into a lot to
cool and wallow ; after which let him be placed in a
stall, on a good bed of straw. 1st. Offer him a bucket
of water. 2d. Remove all dirt and dust from his legs
and ancles with soap and warm water. 3d. Bathe
him from his belly to his hoofs with equal parts of
vinegar and spirits, to which add a little sweet oil, fresh
butter, or hog's lard, stewing them all together, and
make use of the mixture as warm as the hand can bear
it. 4th. He must be well curried, brushed, and finally
polished with a sheepskin or woollen cloth. 5th. His
feet should be nicely cleaned out, and stuffed with clay
and salt, or fresh cow manure. 6th. He should be fed
with one gallon of old corn, or one and a half gallons
of oats, and six bundles of old fodder. Your horse
being now in possession of every attention and comfort
you could offer him, will soon be refreshed, forget his
hard service, and be again prepared, by the next
morning, to obey you whither you may direct his
footsteps. If you have more than one day's journey to
perform with great rapidity, observe the same rules of
feeding, watering, and attention, as directed for the first
day, except the feed at twelve o'clock, which quantity
must be doubled. Many elegant and high spirited
horses have been ruined and rendered useless by per-
sons wanting experience on the above subject, who
were disposed to treat those faithful animals with every
kindness in their power; yet being under the neces-
sity of performing a long journey in a limited time,
arid not knowing that the will of a heated and fatigued
horse should be controlled, they have permitted him
to eat as much as he pleased, or when heated, to drink
as much cold pond or branch water as his great thirst

68 TREATMENT ON A JOURNEY.

would induce him ; which have often been the means of
producing cholic, founder, and other diseases, that too
frequently prove fatal in the hands of a common farrier,
to which title every hostler, blacksmith, and every
blockhead of a servant, who does not even understand
the currying of a horse, have pretensions. The loss
of two or three quarts of blood, to a horse that has
undergone excessive fatigue, will remove the soreness
and stiffness of his limbs, the natural consequence of
violent exertions.

TREATMENT ON A JOURNEY.

To perform a long journey, with comfort and ease
to a horse, and satisfaction to the rider, requires some
attention to the feeding, for eight or ten days previous
to the setting out. A horse uncommonly fat, running
late at grass, fed with unsubstantial food, such as
bran, &c. or unaccustomed to exercise and fatigue, is
very unfit to perform a journey on, unless prepared by
being fed on old and solid food, for eight or ten days,
such as corn, fodder, oats, or hay, and given moderate
exercise. A horse about half fat is in the best situa-
tion to bear the fatigue and labour of a journey by
following the mode of treatment I shall here recom-
mend. If he is only a tolerably good one, by the time
he reaches his journey's end, should it last four or five
weeks, his condition will be much improved, if he is
not entirely fat. 1st. It is necessary to have your
horse shod with a good and substantial set of shoes,

TREATMENT ON A JOURNEY. 69

taking care that they fit easy, set well, and are not
placed so near the inside of the foot as to cut the
ankles in travelling, which often produces stiffness,
considerable swelling of the legs, and sometimes lame-
ness. 2d. Examine your saddle, valise, portmanteau,
harness, &c. as the case may be, to discover if they fit
with ease and comfort to your horse, taking care to let
them undergo the same examination every two or three
days. For a saddle to fit properly, it must be neither
wide enough in the tree to slip upon the shoulders, or
so narrow as to pinch or break the skin on the withers ;
the bolstering or stuffing in the pannels should be
adapted to the hollow spaces on each side of the back
bone or spine. When thus properly fitted, a crupper
will be useless. 3d. Your valise should be fastened
on by passing two straps underneath two pieces con-
fined to the valise pad, and through two loops at the
back of the saddle ; by which means it will be kept
steadily in its proper place, and the rider will not be
perplexed by its swinging first on one side, and then on
the other, and the danger of the horse having a sore
back from friction will be avoided. The only differenca
between the customary way of fastening a valise and
the one I here recommend, is the passing straps through
the loops to the back of the saddle.

On the night previous to your commencing your
journey, after your horse is placed on a good bed
of straw, and is well rubbed, feed with two gallons
of oats, or one and a half gallons Q old corn and
hommony, and eight or ten bundles of fodder, or
a quantity of hay equal to it. In the morning feed
with half a gallon of oats, after which ofFerc>a bucket
of water. It is customary for horses to be watered
before being fed ; but it is much better not to water them
until afterwards ; a large draught of water very often

70 TREATMENT ON A JOURNEY.

destroys the appetite, and makes a horse dull and
sluggish for a whole day afterwards. When he is
watered in this way, he seldom drinks too much, and his
mouth is washed clean and is moist when he commences
his journey. It also measurably destroys his incclina-
tion to drink out of every stream he may cross in the
road, which is so tiresome and unpleasant to a rider.

Being now completely prepared for the contem-
plated journey, the following rules must be strictly
observed. 1st. Never permit your horse, while tra-
velling, to drink cold branch, well, or pond water, or
more than is necessary to wet or moisten his mouth.
2d. Every time you stop to feed, (which will be morn-
ing, breakfast, and dinner time,) give him a bucket of
water, made a little salt, with about two handfuls of
corn meal stirred in it ; he will very soon grow fond
of it, and indeed prefer it to any other drink ; it cools
the system, relieves thirst, and contains considerable
nutriment. 3d. Whenever you stop for the purpose of
breakfasting, let your horse cool about ten minutes ;
then feed with half a gallon of oats or corn, and two
bundles of fodder, not forgetting to offer him again the
water, meal, and salt. 4th. At dinner time* observe
the same treatment as directed at breakfast. 5th. At
night (having arrived at the place you intend stopping
at) have your horse turned into a lot, for the purpose
of wallowing, cooling, &c. 6th. With soap and water
have all dirt removed from his legs. 7th. Have
him placed on a good bed of straw, then take of
spirits of any kind half a pint, of vinegar half a pint,
mix them together, and let his legs be rubbed with
the mixture until they are dry. 8th. Let him be well
curried, brushed, and rubbed with straw. 9th. Water
him plentifully. 10th. Feed him with two gallons of
oats, or one and a half gallons of c^rn or hommony,

TREATMENT ON A JOURNEY. 71

and eight or ten bundles of fodder, llth. Let his
hoofs be nicely cleaned out and stuffed with fresh cow
manure ; this application keeps them tough, moist, and
cool. 12th. Change your food as often as possible, care-
fully avoiding using any that is new, or just gathered.
( )bserve the above rules to your journey's end, except
your horse should prove a great feeder, and in that
case you may indulge him a little ; but the quantity 1
have here recommended, is enough for any common
horse when travelling. It may not be amiss to remind
the young traveller to inspect his horse's shoes once a
day, and whatever appears amiss about them to have
immediately rectified. It frequently happens that the
skin of young horses, unaccustomed to travel, is chafed
and scalded by the friction of the girth; the part,
washed clean with a little soap and water, and then
washed with a little salt and water, will immediately
cure and toughen the skin.

It often happens at little baiting places or country
taverns, (met with on the road by travellers,) that
towards the end of harvest, servants are apt to feed
with green oats or wheat, in consequence of the scar-
city of fodder, unless otherwise directed; food of this
kind is poison to a travelling horse, and will produce a
diarrhoea and extreme debility. It would be much
better he should not have long food for two weeks,
than to give it to him green from the field. When
persons travelling are not attentive to their horses,
they are frequently given mouldy oats and corn, which
is productive of the worst effects ; there being but few
kinds of food that can be given a horse, that will ter-
minate his existence more speedily. Many of those
valuable animals have been destroyed by such means,
when the owners have been frequently at a loss to know
with what disease or from what cause they had died.

72

AGE.

To be able to ascertain the age of a hors,e, with
tolerable certainty, from three to nine years old, is a
subject of considerable importance to every person
who may have occasion to purchase. Unless we pos-
sess this information, we are subject to the imposition
and to become the sport of every jockey, whose vice
and depravity frequently surpass those of the most
untractable horse. Some judges undertake to tell
the age until a horse is fifteen or twenty years old,
which in my opinion is impossible ; they merely make
a guess, without any rule by widen they are governed,
and four times out of five they labour under a mistake.
If I am enabled to describe such marks and appear-
ances as will make any person a judge of a horse's
age, from three to nine's years old, I shall conceive I
have performed a useful task, and shall be the means
of preventing many impositions. Horses that have
not arrived at three years of age, are unfit for use,
and those that are more than nine, decrease in value
with great rapidity. All that are particularly fond of
horses, will always be filled with regret on viewing an
elegant horse worn out with old age, yet possessing
strong marks of beauty, and even former fine and
graceful actions. It is to be much lamented that so
beautiful an animal should so soon feel decay and be no
longer useful. I shall proceed to lay down such rules
for ascertaining the age of a horse, as will enable any
man to speak with tolerable certainty on that subject.
Every horse has six teeth above and below ; befoie he
arrives at the age of three he sheds his two middle
tooth, by the young teeth rising and shoving the old

AGE. 73

ones out of their place. When he arrives at the age
of three, he sheds one more on each side of the middle
teeth ; when four years old, he sheds his two corner
and last of his fore teeth ; between four and five he
cuts his under tusks, and when five will cut his
upper tusks, and have a mouth full and complete;
his teeth appearing to have their full growth, except
the tusks, and will be even, regularly placed, and
pretty much grooved on the inside, with hollows of
a very dark brown colour. There is always a very
plain difference between colts' and horses' teeth; the
colts' being without grooves and hollows, and never
so large and strong. Some horses are without upper
tusks even to the end of their lives; but this is not
common. The appearance of the lower tusks, and
them fully grown, is the most certain proof that the
horse is five years old, even if one of his colt's teeth
remains unshed. At six years old, the grooves and hol-
lows in a horse's mouth begin to fill up a little, and their
tusks have their full growth, with their points sharp,
and a little concave or hollow on the inside. At seven
years old, the grooves and hollows will be pretty well
filled below, except the corner teeth, leaving where the
dark brown hollows formerly were, little brown spots
At eight, the whole of the hollows and grooves are
filled up, and you see the appearance of what is termed
smooth below. At nine years old, there very often
appears a small bill to the outside corner teeth ; the
point of the tusk is worn off, and the part that was
concave begins to fill up and become rounding ; the
squares of the middle teeth begin to disappear, and the
gums leave them small and narrow at top. Dealers
in horses sometimes drill or hollow the teeth with
a graver, and black the hollows by using a hot iron,
for the purpose of passing an old horse for a young

74 AGE.

one, upon those who have but little or no experience
upon the subject. But a discerning eye will readily
discover the cheat, by the unnatural shape and black-
ness of the hollows, the dulness and roundness of the
tusks, together with the want of squares to the front
teeth, and by many other visible marks, which denote
the advanced age of a horse.

Between nine and ten years of age, a horse generally
loses the marks of the mouth, though there are a
few exceptions ; as some horses retain good mouths
until they are fourteen or fifteen years old, with their
teeth white, even, and regular, and many other marks
of freshness and vigour. But when a horse grows old,
it may be discovered by these indications, which com-
monly attend old age, viz.: The gums wear away and
leave the roots of the teeth long and slender ; the roots
grow yellow, and often brownish; the bars of the
mouth (which are always fleshy, plump, and dry, in a
young horse, and form so many distinct, firm ridges,)
in an old horse, are lean, smooth, and covered with
saliva, with few or no ridges. The eyes of a young
horse appear plump, full, and lively; the lids with few
wrinkles, the hollows above the ball small, and no
gray hairs upon the brow, unless they proceed from
the colour or marks of the horse. The eyes of an old
horse appe?r sleepy, dim, and sunk, and the lids loose
and very much shrivelled with large hollows and the
brow gray. The countenance of a young horse is bold,
gay, and lively ; while that of an old one is sad, dejected,
and melancholy, unless mounted, and artificial means
used to give him spirit.

The chin of a horse, in my opinion, is by far the
best mark to enable you to ascertain his age, inasmuch
as it does not admit of the practice of those arts, by

AGE. 75

which the jockey so often passes off an old broken
down horse for a young one. The appearance of the
chin can be changed only by nature : and he who will
become an attentive observer, will soon be convinced,
that it is not more difficult to tell an old horse from a
young one. by the appearance of their chins, than it is
for a^ skilful physician to distinguish a cheek of health
from one that is wasted, diseased, and superannuated.

The chin of a young horse is round, full, plump, full
of wrinkles, and the pores close and small ; that of a
horse advanced in years, flat, wrinkled, flabby, and the
pores open and large. Indeed, after some experience,
together with particular attention to this mark of age,
there will be but little difficulty of ascertaining, with
certainty, the age of a horse from three to nine years
old. I have sometimes met with travellers on the
road, whom I never before had seen, and in travelling
along, have told the age of their horses by their chins.
An examination of the lips and nostrils of a horse,
may aid, corroborate, and strengthen the opinion of
age, founded on the appearance of the chin. The lips
and nostrils of a young horse are smooth and free
from wrinkles, while those of an old one abound in
them.

Were I in pursuit of truth and honour, I nevei
should seek them in the lower class of dealers in horses
or horse jockeys. Whenever they have a horse to
dispose of, they assure a purchaser he possesses every
desirable quality, &c. and whenever they have effected
a sale, they smile at their success, and expose every
vice to which the horse was addicted, to the next
person they meet.

The physiognomy of a horse will assist much in
ascertaining his age ; but the chin is certainly the
safest guide.
8

70 AGK.

[FROM THE AMERICAN FARMER.]

AGE BY FEELING.

A wonderful discovery recently made in an old Horse's age ! !

" 'Tis to the pen and press we mortals owe,
All we believe, and almost all we know."

SINCE the age of that noble animal, the horse, after
a certain period of life, (that is to say) after the marks
in his incisors and cuspidati are entirely obliterated, to
be able to ascertain his age, with any tolerable degree
of certainty, appears to the generality of " horse age
judges" to be a subject of very much uncertainty. I
now take the liberty of laying before the public,
through the medium of your paper, an infallible method,
(subject to very few exceptions) of ascertaining it in
such a manner, after a horse loses his marks, or after
he arrives to the age of nine years or over ; so that
any person concerned in horses, even of the meanest
capacity, may not be imposed upon in a horse's age,
from nine years of age and over, more than three
years at farthest, until the animal arrives at the age ot
twenty years and upwards, by just feeling the sub-
maxillary bone, or the bone of the lower jaw.

This method I discovered, by making many ana-
tomical observations on the skulls of dead horses and
repeated dissections. In order, therefore, to elucidate
the above, I must in the first place beg leave to remark ;
tha the subm axillary bone, or the lower jaw bone

AGE. 77

of all young horses, about four or five years of age,
immediately above the bifurcation, is invariably thick
and very round at the bottom ; the cavity of said bone
being very small, contains a good deal of marrow, and
generally continues in this state until the animal arrives
at that period which is generally termed an "aged
horse," or until the animal acquires his full size in
height or thickness; or according to sporting language,
is completely finished, with very little variation. But
after this period, the cavity as aforesaid becomes larger,
and more marrow is contained therein. Hence the
submaxillary bone becomes thinner and sharper a little
above the bifurcation.

This indelible mark may always be observed in a
small degree in horses above eight years of age ; but at
nine years old it is still more perceptible. It continues
growing a little thinner and sharper at the bottom until
twelve years of age. From thence until fifteen, it is
still thinner, and about as sharp as the back of a case
knife near the handle. From this period until the
ages 18, 19, 20, and upwards, it is exceedingly so;
and is as sharp, in many subjects, as the dull edge of
that instrument.

RULES.

1st. Put your three fingers about half an inch or an
inch immediately above the bifurcation, and grasp the
submaxillary bone, or the lower jaw bone. If it is thick
at the sides, and very round indeed^at the bottom, the
animal is most certainly under nine years of age.

2d. If the bone is not very thick, and it is per-
ceivably not very round at the bottom, he is from nine
to twelve years old, and so on. From twelve to fifteen,
the bone is sharper at bottom, and thinner at tne

78

MARKS.

sides, the bottom is generally as sharp as the back of
a case knife; and from 15 to 18, 19, 20, and upwards,
without many exceptions, the bone, when divested of
its integuments, is as sharp as the dull edge of that
instrument.

3d. Allowances must always be made between
heavy, large western or wagon horses, or carriage
horses, and fine blooded ones. By practising and
strictly attending to the above rules, upon all descrip-
tions of horses, the performer in a little time will become
very accurate in the accomplishment of his desires,
more especially if he attentively observes the lower
jaw bone of dead horses."

MARKS.

PERHAPS there is no subject to be found, that admits
of a greater diversity of opinion, than the form and
number of marks necessary to constitute the beauty of
a horse. Many white marks, when of irregular shape,
and handsomely placed, give to a handsome horse a
gay and sprightly appearance, lightening up the coun-
tenance, and forming a beautiful contrast to his colour.
Indeed, marks are sometimes so irregularly and fanci-
fully placed, as not only to please, but to delight most
persons who are judges on this subject; while others
of such regular, common, and unbecoming shape, and
so unnaturally placed as to be unfavourable to beauty
and have a tendency to disfigure the animal they are

BLAZE OR STAR. 79

intended to beautify ; such as a face blazed large, high,
and regular, like an ox ; the two fore legs white above
the knees, and no white behind ; one white leg to the
knee, behind on the right ; one fore leg white to the
knee before on the left : a bald face and no white legs:
a dim blaze, commencing with an awkward star, end-
ing with a snip on the one side, &c. &c. A horse
without marks, always has a deadness in his aspect —
and one well marked, always appears the more
beautiful for it. But it must be acknowledged, by
every person of experience, that a horse with white
feet, is much more tender than one without them.
Even in cases of lameness not proceeding from acci-
dent, nine times out of ten, if a horse has a white foot,
that will be the one that will first fail him. White
feet are also more subject to the scratches and other
diseases, than those of different colours, and a very
remarkable fact exists, that I never have seen or heard,
in my life, of a first rate four mile heat racer, that had
a bald face and white legs to the knees.

White marks add to the beauty of a horse, but les
sen his services.

BLAZE OR STAR.

WHEN we have a pair of horses that match well in
every respect, except that one has a blaze or star in
the face, it becomes very interesting and important to
know how to make their faces match, and to give

8*

80 HEAD.

them blazes or stars precisely alike. This may be
done in the following manner: —

Number 1. — Take a razor and shave off the hair the
form and size you wish the blaze or star to be made :
then take a small quantity of oil of vitriol, and with a
feather anoint the part once, which will be quite suffi-
cient. After the application of the vitriol, the part
will become a little sore and inflamed ; which may be
readily removed and healed up, by washing the sore
with copperas water. Great care should be used to
prevent the vitriol from getting on clothes, as it will
entirely destroy them.

Number 2. — Take a piece of oznaburgs the size you
want the blaze or star: spread it with warm pitch and
apply it to the horse's face : let it remain two or three
days, by which time it will bring off the hair clean,
and make the part a little tender ; then take of elixir
vitriol a small quantity ; then anoint the part two or
three times; or, of a very common weed. called as-
mart, a small handful, bruise it and add to it about a
gill of water, use it as a wash until the face gets well,
when the huir will grow out entirely white.

HEAD.

THE head of a horse should be small, bony, thin,
and delicate ; his jaws wide apart, yet thin ; his throttle
large and arched; his ears long, thin, narrow, high
and pointing together ; his eyes prominent, large, and

BODY- 81

full, of a dark cinnamon or black colour, bright, lively,
and shining ; his nostrils wide, red, and expanded; his
mouth and lips thin, small, and plump ; his chin full,
sharp, and delicate ; his face rather of a Roman order
than straight, with irregular white, either in a star or
blaze, to give expression and light up the countenance.

BODY.

THE body of a horse should be large, in proportion
to the balance of his frame, compact, round, and swel-
ling; his flanks plump and full ; and his last or small-
est rib, approaching near the hip bone, which is never
placed too near the point of the shoulders ; the back
should be very short, smooth, and nearly even, neither
swayed nor humped ; the hips wide apart, full, round,
and even with the body. A horse with a light flat
body, open and gaunt about the flanks, with high spirit,
long legs, &c. is unfit for any purpose, except for
show ; and that not for more than two or three hours ;
for his rider, after that time, as well as every spectator,
will discover him sinking under fatigue, and completely
giving up.

82 rtECK AND SHOULDERS. LEGS.

NECK AND SHOULDERS.

THE neck of a horse should be long, thin, and deli-
cate (indeed they are never too long or too delicate)
growing deeper from the joining of the head to the
shoulders ; the upper edge should form the half of an
arch, gradually falling in height and shape from the
head to the shoulders ; the mane should be thin,
smooth, and in length half the width of the neck. —
The shoulders of a horse should be thin, high, and
thrown very far back ; for experience has proved, that
those with low shoulders and high rumps, although they
may have many good parts, can never show to ad van
tage, and seldom make good saddle or race horses.

LEGS.

THE fore legs of a horse should bear a just propoi-
tion to his size ; the arms large, long, and full ; the
legs bony, flat, and sinewy ; the pasterns rather long
than otherwise, and tolerably straight. Small lean
arms, a bending back or trembling of the knees, bow
legs, small and round legs, extremely delicate back
sinews, or those unnaturally large, indicate weakness
or some injury, and should be avoided. The hind
parts of a ho^se, from the hip bone to the hock, should
be of great length ; the thighs and muscles should be
full, large, and bulging ; the hock broad, sinewy, and

SHOEING. 83

strong ; the hind legs flat, smooth, bony, and M oi
sinew, clear of knots, and rather crooked in the hock
than straight ; the pasterns of moderate length, small
and rather straight than otherwise. The horse should
be neither knock-kneed or bow-legged, or his feet
turned in or out; as a horse thus shaped, moves ugly,
and never can be sure footed.

SHOEING.

DISEASES are sometimes produced in the feet, ii orn
which a horse is never again free during his life ; it is
therefore important that a valuable horse should not be
placed in the hands of every blockhead who pleases to
call himself a horse shoer, but entrusted only to persons
of known skill. For a horse to be well shod, the hoof
should be pared with a buttress, (instead of giving in
to the cruel and injurious practice of burning the foot
with a red hot shoe until it fits,) smooth and level, to
a reasonable size; the frog should be nicely trimmed,
in shape a little convex, rather lower than the foot ;
the shoes should be made of good and tough iron, and
precisely the shape of the hoof after being trimmed,
not so wide between the heels as to show on the out-
side, or so narrow as to cramp the foot, and produce
narrow heels, (which is a very troublesome disease.)
The nails should be made of old horseshoes, or some
other tough iron, with small heads, and drove regular,
smooth, and even; not high enough to reach the

84 SHOEING.

quick, yet with hold sufficient to confine the shoe three
or four months. The points of the nails should be
formed into neat and small clinches, and should be
well driven up

Some taste may be displayed in the rasping and
shaping the hoof, after the shoe is confined. When it
is left more sharp than flat around at the toe, it adds
much to its beauty and neat appearance.

When a horse is well shod, if water is poured upon
the bottom of his foot, it will not pass between the
hoof and the shoe. A smith, who resided in Williams-
burg, in the year 1804, was in the habit of shoeing in
this exact and elegant style. Shoes for draft horses,
that have seldom occasion to go out of a walk, should
be heavy, strong, and with high heels, and pointed at
the toe with steel.

Horse shoeing is what every worker of iron, who
has acquired the name of a blacksmith, pretends to be
well skilled in ; but there are few indeed in possession
of sufficient knowledge on that subject, to make it safe to
place under their care a horse of value, for the purpose
of being shod. To perform this operation correctly,
and without present or future injury, requires not only
good skill and judgment, but a thorough acquaintance
with the anatomy of a horse's foot, which is a know
ledge but few of our blacksmiths are in possession of,
and is the cause of so many horses being rendered
useless. Almost all the diseases in the feet, are, more
or less, the result of bad shoeing, by wounding muscles,
veins, nerves, or arteries in this way.

HOOFS. MANE AND TAIL. 85

HOOFS.

THE hoofs of a horse should be proportioned to his
size ; of a dark colour, smooth, tough, and nearly
round ; not too flat nor too upright, and the bottom
hollow. White hoofs are much more tender than any
other colour, nor do they retain or bear a shoe so well.
One that is flat, turning up at the toe or full of ridges,
or flat and pumiced on the under side, strongly indicates
founder or other injury. If the hair lie smooth at the
top of the hoof, it is an evidence of its being good,
should there be nothing unnatural in its shape ; but if
the hair stands up and appears rough, and the flesh
swelled a little beyond the circle of the hoof, it is a
proof the foot is in some way diseased and a ring bone
may be apprehended.

MANE AND TAIL.

THE mane and tail of a horse, when the hair is even,
smooth, long, and well proportioned, adds much to
the beauty, boldness, and majesty of his figure. Great
judgment and taste may be displayed in the trimming
and proportioning those two ornaments. A very large
horse, even if elegant, appears mean and trifling if you
attach to him a little rat tail ; one very small with a
monstrous long, bushy tail ; or a square, narrow
hipped, lathy horse, with a small bob tail, only serves

86 EYES.

to point out his imperfections, and attach to his ap-
pearance an idea of insignificance and meanness. One
with a remarkably long body, with a thin switch bob
tail, bears no better proportion than the legs and thighs
of a dwarf to the head and body. A large horse,
roached and bobbed, nev^r shows to advantage, as the
appearance of the riding horse is given up, and the
round and snug appearance of the nimble footed pony
can never be attained. For a horse to look well with
a bob tail, he should be plump, round, full, and com-
pact ; but all tails that are full of hair, show to much
more advantage than those that are thin and frizzled.
Previous to a tail's being trimmed, great respect
should be paid to the shape and proportion of the
horse, and the tail should be made an equal propor-
tionable part. The manes of all horses, except ponies,
should be long, smooth, and reaching at least half way
down the neek ; nothing can more disfigure him than
a short frizzled mane : it even alters, apparently, the
shape of the neck, and when once in this situation, it
will take twelve months to grow of proper length.
The mane~of a horse may be combed two or three
times a day, as a thin mane looks well ; but his tail,
if well proportioned and elegant, should not be combed
oftener than twice a week.

GOOD AND BAD EYES.

THE eye is an organ of more use and more value
than any that belongs to the horse, and should always
undergo an examination by a purchaser with the

EYES. 87

-i

greatest attention and minuteness. Nothing can more
affect his value than the want of vision ; as any elegant
horse, that would readily command in cash two hundred
dollars, if blind, in all probability, would be well sold
at fifty dollars, which plainly proves the necessity and
importance of using on this subject the greatest
caution.

To give a full description of the anatomy of a horse's
eye, would take up more room and time than can at
present be devoted to this topic: the reader must be
content with a description of those parts most familiar
and most important.

The eye is the organ of sight, whereby the ideas of
all outward objects are represented to the common
sensory ; its form is a convex globular, covered by its
proper lids, and enclosed within an orbit or socket: the
eyelids preserve the eye from dust or external injury,
and an expansion of the muscles and skin, the inner
membrane being of an exquisite contexture, that it
may in no manner hurt or impair the surface of the
eye : their edges have a cartilaginous or gristly rim,
by which they are so fitted as to meet close together
at pressure ; the orbit or cavity in which the eye is
situated, is lined with a very pliable, loose fat, which
is not only easy to the eye in its various motions, but
serves to keep it sufficiently moist, as the lachamalial
glands, seated in the outer corner of the eye, serve to
moisten its surface, or wash off any dust or dirt that
may happen to get into it: at the inner corner of the
eye, next the nose, is a carbuncle, which some are of
opinion is placed to keep that corner of the eye from
being entirely closed, that any tears or gummy matter
may be discharged even in time of sleep, or into the
punctua lachamalia, which are little holes for the
9

88 EYES.

purpose of carrying off any superfluous moisture or
tears into the nose: the eye has four coats or mem-
branes, and three humours ; the first membrane is called
tunika adnata, and covers all that part of the eye that
in a man appears white, but in a horse is variegated
with streaks and spots of brown, and being reflected
back, lines the inside of the eyelids, and by that inver-
sion becomes the means to prevent motes, dust, small
flies, or any extraneous matter getting behind the eye-
ball into the orbit, which would be extremely danger-
ous : this coat is full of blood vessels, which appear in
little red streaks on the human eye when inflamed,
and when there is but little white in the eyes of
horses, they appear fiery, and the eyelids, when
opened and turned back, look red : the second coat has
its forepart very strong and transparent, like horn,
and is therefore called the cornea ; and the other part,
which is opaque and dark, is called the schlerotis :
under the cornea lies the iris, which in a horse inclines
to cinnamon colour: the middle of this membrane,
or coat, is perforated for the admission of the rays
of light, and is called the pupil : under the iris lies
the processes ciliares, which go off in little rays, and
in a sound eye are plainly to be seen. As often
as these processes contract, they dilate the pupil,
which may always be observed in places where the
light is small ; but in a strong light, the circular fibres
of the iris act as a sphincter muscle, and lessen the size
of the pupil ; and therefore a dilated and wide pupil, in
a strong light, is generally an evidence of a bad eye.
Under the schlerotis lies the choroides, which is the
third coat of the eye : in men it is of a dusky brown;
but in horses the greater part of this coat is white;
which enables them to see bodies of all colours better
than men in the night, as white reflects all colours,

EYES. 89

But horses and other animals that feed on grass, have
some parts of this membrane of a light green, which
enables them to see with little light, and makes grass
an object that they can discern with greatest strength,
and therefore it is sometimes called tunicia uvea,
from its resembling the colour of a grape. The inner-
most or fourth coat is called the membrana retina,
which is only an expansion of the optic nerve upon
the choroides, and encompasseth the glossy humour
like a net. By the continuation of the rays of light
upon the fine filaments of this membrane, all the
external images are conveyed by the optic nerves to
the brain. Within the coats of the eye are seated the
three humours that chiefly compose the eyeball ; the
first is the aqueous or watery humour, which lies
foremost and seems chiefly as a proper medium to
preserve the crystalline humours from injuries in case
of wounds, bruises, or any other external cause.
Behind the aqueous humour lies the crystalline lens,
in a very firm membrane called arena, being like a
spider's web — its use is to refract the rays of light
that pass through it, so that all the rays proceeding
from the same point of any object, being first refracted
on the cornea, may be united on the retina — the
vitreous humour lies behind the crystalline, being con-
cave on its foreside to make a convenient lodgement for
the crystalline, and its hinder part convex agreeable
to the globular form of the eye, upon which the tunica
retina and choroides are 'spread: this humour pos-
sesses a space larger than the other two, and being ©i
a hue like a light coloured green glass, is a proper
medium, not only to keep the crystalline humour and
the retina at a proper distance from each other, but by
its colour to prevent the rays of light falling too for

00 EYES.

cibly upon the latter, which might weaken or impair
the sight.

The eyes of horses differ so widely in their appear-
ance, that the best judges will be sometimes mistaken
as to their power of vision ; but I shall here recom-
mend such modes of examination as will rarely de-
ceive, having already described that organ fully, when
in its most perfect state.

For the purpose of making a fair trial of a horse's
eyes, that you suspect to be bad, and to ascertain their
quality,

1st. Have him confined in a dark stable about fif-
teen minutes, then led hastily out into a strong light :
if he winks fast, wrinkles his brows, throwing his
head up as if desirous of receiving more light, and
moves his ears backwards and forwards slowly, in an
unmeaning manner, his eyes are not good.

2d. If his eyes appear sunk, with the lids shrivelled
or very much swelled, it is a proof they have received
an injury.

3d. If the ball of the eye appears covered with a
film, or the remains of one about the corners, with the
pupil large and light coloured, without occasionally
contracting with a look wild and vacant, his eyes are
diseased.

4th. If he can be rode against a tree or any other
object which he should avoid, and which should alarm
him, his eyes are bad.

5th. If when moved he lifts his feet high and awk-
wardly, and appears not to know where he is about to
place them, you may immediately conclude he is blind.

6th. If when rode over small gullies or old corn
ground, he blunders much, and requires the constant
attention of the rider to guide him, his eyes are not
good.

EYES. 91

7th. If you shake your hand near his eyes in such
a manner that he cannot feel the wind from it, and he
pays no attention to it, by winking quick, and moving
his ears, his eyes are such as should not be made
choice of.

8th. If at night, when you approach him with a
candle, and the pupil of his eye looks large, of a light
blue colour, without having near its middle, and on the
upper part, little rough spots, of a dark brown colour,
resembling moss, or if the pupil contains large white
opaque lumps, the horse is either blind or occasionally
subject to blindness, and should be avoided by a
purchaser.

The eyes of some horses are very subject to films,
which have been sometimes removed by large bleed-
ngs, or the use of double refined loaf sugar, or glass
bottle, powdered. Eyes thus affected are much to be
dreaded, as it is very difficult to discover them. One
hard ride will make a horse blind; and one large
bleeding will remove the film. To detect such eyes,
examine minutely the corners, as the film leaves those
parts of the eye last, and will appear there, when it
has been removed from the middle of the eye for
several days.

The eyes of a horse are never too large, but very
frequently too small ; and when shaped like JSL pig's,
are neither durable nor handsome, and form a serious
objection. The wall or white eyes are truly valuable,
being much hardier and less subject to disease than
eyes of any other description ; for who ever recollects
to have seen a horse blind, or even with diseased eyes,
that had wall eyes ? and unquestionably they can see
be-tter in the night than a horse without them.
9*

EYES.

The eyes of a horse should be large, round, full,
lively, dark coloured, clear, and shining, that you may
see far into them ; and when moving, but little of the
white should appear. Dealers in those animals are
very apt to endeavour to lead a purchaser from any
defect he by chance may discover about a horse, to
some part without fault, or some of his best parts ; and
as to eyes, speak of them as if they were of little or no
consequence. Purchasers should always be on their
guard when dealing with men that possess so much
artifice and cunning.

MOON EYES.

WE sometimes observe the eyes of a horse to change
colour, and to vary in appearance monthly. Eyes thus
affected, are called moon eyes, from the prevailing
opinion that the affection increases or decreases with
the course of the moon ; insomuch that in the full moon
the eyes are muddy, discharging a thin ichorous water
so sharp as sometimes to excoriate the skin, and at
new moon clear up again. At first appearance of this
disease, the eyes are much swelled, and very often
shut, and the whole eyeball of a muddy brown ; the
veins of the temple, and near the eyes, appear remark-
ably full of blood, and both eyes are seldom affected
at the same time. Large bleedings, and the eyes
washed frequently in cold water, give temporary relief;
but this disease is the forerunner of a cataract, which
seldom admits of a cure ; the cases generally end in
blindness of one, if not both eyes.

STARTING 93

The eyes of horses are very frequently wounded
and injured by blows, flies, accidents, &c. which can
always be distinguished from diseased eyes by a
proper examination. To perform a cure, when thus
injured, wash them three or four times a day in clean,
cold spring water, after which repeat the washing,
adding a small quantity of sugar of lead to the water,
when the eye gets strong enough to open of its own
accord, in the light. Should a film appear on the
surface, (which is absolutely necessary, if the eye has
received a wound, before it can heal,) take of double
refined loaf sugar, or glass bottle powdered to a fine
dust, a small quantity in the end of a quill ; blow it
in the eye affected, every third morning for a week :
bleed at least three times within the week, taking
about half a gallon of blood at each bleeding ; if the
horse is not disposed to go blind, the cure will in a short
time be completed.

STARTING.

HORSES, as we A as men, sometimes acquiie bad
habits, of which they can but seldom divest themselves.
Starting is one among the worst habits a horse can
possess, and has a tendency to reduce his value at least
one fourth, in consequence of endangering the life of
any person who may back him. A good rider has
sometimes been thrown by his horse in starting, that
would have defied his agility in any other way.

A rider never can guard against a starting horse, as
he gives no notice of his intentions, by the moving ol

->fc«,*g ,<*•<:-. _

91 STARTING.

his ears, eyes, manner of going, &c. as they generally
do in rearing, jumping, kicking, sullenness, and such
vices. Some few horses are broke of starting by mild
means, others by cruel treatment ; but whoever engages
in it, at least runs the risk of breaking his own neck
before his object is accomplished.

A horse subject to starting, labours under an ocular
deception, or rather an optic defect, seeing nothing
perfectly, or in proper shape or colour ; and can as
easily make a scare-crow of a little bush or chunk, that
may happen to lay in his road, as the most frightful
object that could meet his sight.

To ascertain that a horse starts, is very easy indeed.
Mount him yourself, ride first slow, and then fast,
towards and by such objects as are offensive to the eye,
and you will readily discover if he possesses that bad
habit.

Some horses that are free from this objection, will
notice particularly all objects they meet, and may sidle
a little ; but a starting horse, on approaching any object
that may displease him, whether frightful or not, will
either suddenly spring from one side of the road to the
other, jump back, or when going in a full gallop, stop
suddenly, turn round, and run in an opposite direction
from the one he was going. Such horses are neither
agreeable or safe for any kind of service.

STUMBLING. 05

STUMBLING.

THE stumbling of a horse may be either natural
or produced by accidents, such as splint, wind galls,
sinew strains, shoulder sprains, withers injured, &c.
&c. but whether produced by accident or natural
defect, cannot be remedied. All horses, and particu-
larly those that go well, stumble more or less ; but there
is a very wide distinction between a light tip or touch
on the foot, and a stumble that will bring a horse and
sometimes his rider flat in the dirt. Horses given to
this practice, are very much lessened in value, and can
never be rode by any person aware of his bad quality,
without being in pain, dreading every time he lifts his
feet, that all will be prostrated in the dust.

To ascertain if a horse stumbles,

1st. Examine well his knees, to discover if they are
scarred, or the hair knocked off.

2d. Take him amongst uneven ground, small gullies,
or old corn ground, and let him be rode with the bridle
hanging slack upon his neck, in all the different gaits
he has been accustomed to, and if he is in the habit of
stumbling, he will very soon make a sufficient number
of low bows to convince you of the fact.

3d. When a horse stumbles and immediately springs
off, appearing alarmed, it is a proof that he is an old
offender, and is under the apprehension of having one
other flogging added to the great number he had, no
doubt, receive-d for the same fault. Such a horse I
consider unsafe, and therefore cannot recommend him
to 'purchasers ; he being not so good, even for a slow
draft, as one possessing more activity.

06 SPAVIN.

SPAVIN.

A SPAVINED horse may be considered as one com-
pletely ruined, for a permanent cure can rarely be
effected, if attempted, even on its first appearance.

The spavin is a lump, knot, or swelling, on the inside
of the hock, below the joint, that benumbs the limbs,
and destroys the free use of the hind legs. It causes
a horse to be extremely lame, and to experience,
apparently, very excruciating pain.

In the purchase of a horse, great respect should be
paid to his bringing up his hind parts well, as a spavined
horse never makes a full step with the leg affected ;
also to the shape of his hocks, in order to discover
if there is any knot or unnatural prominence about
the joint, which is an evidence of the spavin. When
a horse is thus diseased, he is unfit for any kind of
service, even the meanest drudgery, being in constant
pain, and unable to perform. Horses sometimes have
the spavin, when there is no lump apparent near the
joint, the disease being seated in the joint. To detect
such spavin, and to prevent a cunning fellow (who may
have given the animal rest, blistered and bathed the part
with double distilled spirits, and formed a temporary
relief,) from* imposing on a purchaser, have the horse
rode in three quarters speed, about one mile out and
back, occasionally fretting, cracking, and drawing him
up suddenly and short; after which let him be rode
in cold water up to the belly ; then place him in a stall
without interruption, for about half an hour, by which
time h^ will be perfectly cool ; then have him led out,
and moved gently: if he has received a temporary

CRIB BITING. 97

cure of the spavin, he will show lameness. A blister
of Spanish flies applied to the part affected (after
shaving off the hair) with a bath of strong spirits or
vinegar, and a week's rest, will frequently suspend
the lameness produced by the spavin for a time, but a
radical cure may not be expected.

CRIB BITING.

CRIB BITING is one amongst the number of bad
habits to which some horses are addicted. It consists
in his catching hold of the manger, grunting and
sucking in wind, until he is almost ready to burst. To
discover this vice, it is only necessary to have a horse-
fed : whenever they eat, at least one half of his victuals
is wasted, by their catching hold of the manger,
grunting, straining, and swallowing large quantities of
wind every two or three mouthfuls, which produces
the cholic and other distressing diseases.

Whenever this very bad habit is acquired, it is
practised as long as the animal lives. Many experi-
ments and fruitless attempts have been made to
remedy it, but without success. An elegant horse,
when once he becomes a crib biter, is reduced in value
to little or nothing. He always looks hollow, jaded,
and delicate, and is incapable of rendering service in
any situation

OS BROKEN WIND.

BROKEN WIND

BROKEN WIND is one amongst the number ot
incurable diseases to which the horse is subject. When
affected with this disease, he is disagreeable to his
rider, and is of but little value, however beautiful or
elegant he may be in his appearance. All the boasted
pretensions of farriers to cure, are vain and frivolous,
since their utmost skill, now and then, can only palliate
the symptoms, and mitigate their violence.

It is easy to discover'a broken winded horse. By
giving him a little brisk exercise, he will draw up his
flanks and drop them suddenly, breathe with great
difficulty, and make a disagreeable wheezing noise.
The seat of the disease appears, from dissection, to be
in the lungs ; the heart and lungs being found of twice
their natural size, which prevents their performing their
office with ease, in the action of respiration.

Broken wind is sometimes produced in a horse by
excessive fatigue, heavy drafts, sudden changes from
heat to cold, and other cruel treatment. It would be
advisable to dispose of such horses at any price, as
they are not worth their feeding.

This complaint, I believe, does not admit of perfect
cure: but by much care may be greatly relieved.
The food should be compact and nutritious, such as
corn and old hay. Carrots are excellent in this case,
as are parsnips and beet roots, probably on account of
the saccharine matter they contain. I have heard
that molasses has been given in the water (which
should be in very small quantities) with very great
Some have used tar water ; others praise

STRING HALT. tf#

the effects of lime water ; but the greatest dependence
should be in very sparing supplies of substantial food.
The exercise ought to be regular, but never beyond a
walking pace. If the symptomatic cough should be
troublesome, take away about three quarts of blood
every other day.

STRING HALT.

THE string halt affects horses in their hind legs,
and consists in a false action or involuntary use of a
muscle, which twitches one of the legs almost up to
the belly, and sometimes both. The string halt is
produced by a muscle being over strained, or a violent
blow on the hind parts. Good rubbing, and baths of
warm vinegar and sweet oil, afford momentary relief,
but a permanent cure may not be expected. A horse
thus injured, is incapable of faithfully performing a
journey, although he may be rode four or five miles
without appearing to sink with fatigue. Such a horse
is very objectionable, being uneasy to the rider, and
must give pain to every peison who is in the habit of
seeing him rode.

1Q

100 CHEST FOUNDER.

CHEST FOUNDER.

THE chest founder appears to be a disease but little
understood by farriers in general ; they are, however,
not backward in offering many remedies, and speak
of some with much confidence, when they propose
performing a cure. But experience has proved, beyond
the possibility of a doubt, that the chest founder is one
of those dreadful diseases to which the horse is subject,
that admits of no cure. 1 can here be of more use, by
speaking of its seat, and describing its symptoms to a
purchaser, than by pretending there exists, for that
disease, a specific medicine, or propose its use to the
owner of such an unfortunate animal.

The chest founder is sometimes produced by violent
exercise on a full stomach, and drinking large quan-
tities of cold branch water ; by the use of mouldy
bran, corn, or oats, or by eating large quantities oi
green food, such as oats, wheat, peas, &c. while per-
forming hard labour.

From dissection, it appears that the seat of the
disease is in the lungs ; the heart and liver are also
considerably enlarged, insomuch that there is not room
for them to perform their office with ease. The liver,
lungs, diaphragm, and surrounding parts, are all
covered with large brown spots, and are much
inflamed.

A horse that is chest foundered, will straddle or
stake with his fore legs, showing an unwillingness to
bring his feet together ; and if they are placed near
each other, he will not permit them to remain so
for a minute. Indeed they are frequently twelve or

NA.RROW HEELS. 101

eighteen inches apart, which is caused by a fulness,
and continual uneasiness about the chest : the cavity
being too small to contain the lungs, &c. in their
enlarged situation with ease.

The hind legs are free from the palsied appearance
of those before, and it is not difficult to distinguish it
from a common founder, as it is wanting in all its
symptoms, except the stiff and numbed appearance ol
the legs.

Large bleedings and half an ounce of aloes, given
internally in a ball, have sometimes afforded momen-
tary relief. No effectual remedy has yet been dis-
covered. A horse labouring under this disease, is
worth but little more than his board, as he is unable to
bear fatigue, or undergo severe service.

NARROW HEELS,

Is a disease that often produces lameness without
the master of the horse knowing from what cause it
proceeds ; often examining his legs, cleaning his hoofs,
paring the frogs of his feet, &c. &c. without paying
any respect to the shape of the horse's heels, which
are always close together and unaturally shaped.

A horse with narrow heels is unfit to travel, as he
is tender footed, and goes cramped, short, and is al-
ways subject to lameness, more or less.

Narrow heels is the effect of shoes being permitted
to remain on a horse that is not used, for three or four

102 SPLINT.

months, which cause the heels to grow together, pinch-
ing and confining the coronet.

The cure is simple, though tedious. Have his shoes
taken off and his feet cut down as small as possible,
without injuring the quick ; then turn him out upon a
marsh or low ground, where his hoofs may be con-
stantly moist for three or four months, and his heels
will expand, his hoofs again assume their natural shape,
and the horse will be fit for any kind of service.

SPLINT.

THE .splint ib a hard lump or excrescence that grows
upon the fore legs of a horse between the fetlock and
the knee. It is unpleasant to the eye, but seldom does
injury, unless situated on the back of the leg and im-
mediately under the large tendons, in which case
lameness is always produced, and the cure rendered
difficult.

When the splint is situated in the usual place, and
grows so large as to be unfavourable to beauty — to
remove it, bathe the part with hot vinegar twice a day,
and have the knot or splint rubbed with a smooth round
stick, after bathing for ten or fifteen minutes ; by the
expiration of a week the knot will perceptibly decrease
in size, and finally, in a short time will disappear. —
But should such means not have the desired effect,
shave off the hair over the lump, and apply a blister of
Spanish flies, which in a short time will effectually
remove it.

LAMPASS. 103

The splint, when first making its appearance, will
cause a horse to limp a little: and, as he advances in
years, may stiffen him, and cause him to stumble.
But I have never known any serious injury to result
from such an excrescence, unless placed beneath the
large tendons.

LAMPASS.

ALL young horses are subject to the lampass, and
some suffer extremely before it is discovered.

It is a swelling or enlarging of the gums on the
inside of the upper jaw : the growth is sometimes so
luxuriant as to prevent a horse from eating with any
comfort. The cure is simple; and after being per-
formed, a horse will improve in his condition with
great rapidity.

Take a hot iron, flat, sharp, and a little crooked at
the end, burn the lampass out just below the level of
the teeth, using great care to prevent the hot iron
from bearing or resting upon the teeth. After the
operation is performed, the horse should be given a little
bran or meal, with a small quantity of salt in it.

Some farriers have recommended cutting for the
lampass, which only gives momentary relief, and would
require the same operation to be performed every three
or four months ; but when it is once burnt out, it never
again makes its appearance.
10*

104 WIND CALLS.

WIND GALLS.

WIND GALLS are spongy and flatulent humours, that
make their appearance on both sides of the legs, just
above the pastern joint or fetlock. It is seldom that
a horse is found entirely clear of them, particularly
about the hind legs, if he be much used.

They are produced by hard usage, strains, bruises,
&c. &c. of the back sinews or the sheath that covers
them, which by being over-stretched, have some
of their fibres ruptured ; whence probably may ooze
out the fluid which is commonly found with the
included air.

When wind galls make their first appearance, they
are easily cured by a bath and bandage. Boil red oak
bark to a strong decoction, add some sharp vinegar and
a little alum, let the parts be fomented twice a day,
warm as the hand can be held in ft ; then take a woollen
cloth, dip it in the bath, and bind the ancle up, tight as
possible, without giving pain to the horse.

Should this method not succeed, after a thorough
trial, the swelled or puffed parts may be opened with a
sharp knife ; but blistering with flies is less dangerous,
and generally attended with equal success.

Wind galls give to a horse a gouty and clumsy
appearance ; but I have never known lameness pro-
duced by them, or any other injury, except that of
stiffening his legs as he advances in years. They
furnish strong proof that the animal has rendered much
service.

FARCY. 105

FARCY.

THE farcy is a contagious disease among horses,
and is more to be dreaded than any malady to which
they are subject.

It sometimes makes its appearance on a particular
part, while at other times it spreads its horrid ravages
through the whole system. It may be found in the
neighbourhood of each blood vessel, following the track
of the veins, and when inveterate, appears to thicken
their coats and integuments. Its characteristics are a
fulness and hardness of the veins, a number of small
lumps or buds on the limbs or lower parts of the body,
which at first appearance are hard, but soon turn into
soft blisters, and which (when broken) discharge an
oily or bloody ichor, and turn into foul, spreading
ulcers. In some horses it appears in the head only,
in others near the external jugular or plate veins,
inside the fore arms, on the hind parts, near the large
veins inside the thighs, about the pasterns, and parti-
cularly about the knees of the horse, which are fre-
quently swelled until they appear deformed.

The poison of the farcy appears to be slow in its
operation, as a horse will frequently linger and dwindle
away for six or nine months, and the ulcers increase
in number and size, until the flesh appears almost dis-
posed to fall from the bones, before life is destroyed,
The appetite of a horse thus diseased is generally good
to the last, but his hair looks dead, and his eyes sad
and desponding.

The farcy, in its first stage, readily admits of a
cure : but after running on a horse for a length 01 time«

106 FARCY.

and the absorbents or lymphatics about the ulcers
become inflamed from an absorption of poisonous mat-
ter, the cure is rendered extremely difficult.

Whenever the farcy rises on the spine, it shows
great malignancy, and is considered dangerous, parti-
cularly to horses that are fat, and full of blood. When
it is general in the system, as is sometimes the case,
it rises on several parts of the body at once, forming
many large and foul ulcers, causing a profuse running
of greenish corrupted matter from both nostrils, and
soon terminates the existence of the animal by general
mortification.

In the lower limbs the farcy sometimes remains
concealed for a great length of time, and makes so
slow a progress that it is often mistaken for a wound,
or some other disease. A single bud will sometimes
appear opposite the pastern joint, and run upwards in
an uneven and knotty form ; and unless some steps
are taken to check its progress, it will slowly steal
upon the animal until it becomes general in the sys-
tem, and finally centres in the lungs; shortly after
which a gangrene ensues, and the horse is unburdened
of a life that is not only painful to himself, but to all
that behold him.

To effect a cure in this distressing disease, in its
first stage bleed three times the first week, taking half
a gallon of blood at each bleeding, feed principally on
bran, oats, or any food easily digested, and the long
food green, (if to be had ;) remove all filth from or
about the stable, taking care to keep it neat and clean
afterwards ; give three mashes a week, of bran, scalded
with sassafras tea, one table spoonful of powdered
brimstone, and one tea spoonful of saltpetre, (not per-

FARCY. 107

mitting the horse to drink for six hours afterwards,)
take half an ounce of asafoetida, which can be pro-
cured in any apothecary's shop ; wrap it in a clean
linen rag, and nail it in the bottom of the manger in
which he is fed ; all his drink must be equal quantities
of sassafras boiled in water to a strong decoction, and
half an ounce of asafoetida should be placed in his
watering bucket in the same manner as directed for
the manger; the buds or ulcers should be washed once
a day with blue-stone or copperas water, and if the
knees or ancles are swelled, spread on a piece of buck-
skin mercurial ointment, and bind them up as tight as
possible without giving pain.

The second week bleed twice, taking half a gallon of
blood each bleeding, if the horse is in tolerable order ;
or if poor, only half the quantity; give the same number
of mashes as directed for the first week, also the same
drink, taking care to renew the asafoetida in the man-
ger and bucket, should it be sufficiently exhausted
to require it.

The third week bleed but once, taking one quart of
blood ; in other respects observe the same treatment
as directed for the first and second weeks. The horse
should be moderately exercised about a mile, twice a
day, and occasionally should be offered a little hom-
mony, as a change of food, to keep up his appetite.

By the time your attentions for the third week
expire, if the disease is only local, it will not only be
removed, but the plight of the horse will be much
improved.

When the farcy make its appearance epidemically,
the cure is rendered difficult, and will require the aid
of more active medicine. Prepare and give to a horse

108 FARCY.

thus diseased, a ball, every night for a week, com-
posed of twenty-five grains of calomel, a quarter of an
ounce of powdered fennel seed, a small quantity of
syrup of any kind, and as much crumb of loaf bread
as will make a ball about the size of an English
walnut; all buds or ulcers should be washed clean in
blue-stone water, after which they shonld be well
rubbed around with mercurial ointment once a day ; a
narrow pitch plaster should be laid on at the joining of
the head and neck, in the direction of the throat latch,
for the purpose of taking off the hair, which will happen
in two or three days; after which, a lump of mercu-
rial ointment, about the size of a hickory nut, must be
rubbed on the naked part, amongst the large glands of
the throat, until it' is entirely absorbed, every night
and morning, until the expiration of the week ; added
to which, the treatment generally may be the same as
before recommended in the more simple stage of the
farcy, with these exceptions; — the drink should never
be cold, but the air taken off, or milk warm ; the
mashes without sulphur, during the week the balls are
given, as the sulphur counteracts the effects of the
calomel and ointment; he should not be bled, and
great care should be used to prevent his getting wet,
and catching cold in any way while under the course
of physic.

At the expiration of the first week, stop with the
balls and ointment for a week, adding sulphur to the
mashes, as directed in the first stage of farcy. At
the expiration of the second week, stop with the sulphur,
and again commence with the balls and ointment. Go
on in this manner, continuing to change the medicine
each week, until the cure is performed.

FARCY. J 09

It may sometimes happen that a horse's mouth will
become sore before the expiration of a week, when
taking the balls and using the ointment. Whenever
this is discovered, stop with the balls, an d add sulphur
to the mashes, which will readily remove the soreness
about the mouth.

The farcy is so contagious that it often destroys
horses of every description upon a plantation, and
leaves the plough of industry standing still in the far-
mer's field. Not long since, a gentlemen in the county
of Sussex, lost upwards of forty horses by this fatal
disease, without being able to save one. For the
oenefit of those who have more than one horse, I
would recommend the use of asafoetida in the manger,
watering bucket, and to the bridle bit, to prevent the
farcy from dealing out destruction to their whole
stock. I have made a fair experiment with this simple
preventive, by placing a horse violently affected with it,
and which fell a victim to it, in the same stable with
one in health, without any ill consequences resulting
from their contiguous situation.

The farcy has visited several farms within th<?
United States, with effects so dreadful, as not only tc
destroy every one of the species, without respect to
age, but even occupied in triumph the walks and
resting places of its prey. Nor could the disease be
diverted from its stand, or completely eradicated, until
stables, shelters, pens, litter, straw, &c. &c. were
entirely consumed and reduced to ashes.

110 RING BONE. — FOUNDER.

RING BONE.

THE ring bone partakes of the nature of the spavin,
and frequently proceeds from the same cause. It
makes its appearance on the lower part of the pastern,
and sometimes immediately opposite the coffin joint.
It is a hard and bony substance, and generally reaches
half way round the ancle, which gives to the ancle an
unnatural appearance, and causes the horse to go stiff
and lame. Its name has proceeded from its resem-
blance to a ring. It seldom admits of a cure, conse-
quently a horse diseased with it is worth but little.

When the ring bone first makes its appearance,
blisters of flies have sometimes been employed with
success. But after growing to full size, and remaining
some length of time, to offer a remedy would be de-
ceitful and presumptuous.

Remedy. — A strong preparation of corrosive subli-
mate added to Spanish flies and Venice turpentine,
and mixed with hog's lard, will often dissolve a ring
bone, &c.

FOUNDER.

THE injury sustained by horses, called founder, is
sometimes the effect of the cruelty of his master, and
at other times brought on by injudicious treatment ;
but it most frequently produced by carelessness, or

FOUNDER. Ill

a want of knowledge of the treatment necessary to
those excellent animals on a journey.

Although the horse is endowed with the strength
and powers of the lion, yet he seldom exerts either
to the prejudice of his master. On the contrary, he
shares with him in his labours, and seems to participate
with him in his pleasures. Generous and persevering,
he gives up his whole powers to the service of his
master; and though bold and intrepid, he represses
the natural fire and vivacity of his temper, and not only
yields to the hand, but seems to consult the inclination
of his rider.

But it must continue to be a matter of regret to every
feeling mind, that these excellent qualities should be
so often shamefully abused in the most unnecessary
exertions ; and the honest labours of this noble animal
thrown away in the ungrateful task of accomplishing
the purposes of an unfeeling folly, or lavished in grati-
fying the expectations of an intemperate moment.

A horse may be foundered by excessive hard rides,
permitting him to plunge deep into cold water, while
hot and sweating, and drinking his fill of cold pond
water, eating large quantities of new corn and fodder,
and then briskly exercised ; over -feeding with bran
alone whilst performing hard labour, drinking plenti-
fully at every branch in travelling, feeding with more
than a horse can eat after being half starved, violent
exercise on a full belly, or not permitting a horse who
has travelled in a hot sun all day, to cool thoroughly,
before he is given as much as he can eat, drink, &c.

Symptoms of a Founder. — The symptoms that indi-
cate an approaching founder, are so few and so
common, that the most ignorant persons will rarely be
11

112 FOUNDER.

mistaken. Great heat about the legs, pasterns, and
ears, a soreness in the feet, together with a stiffness
so great in all his limbs that the animal frequently
refuses to move, unless force is used ; his flanks and
lower part of his belly draws up, his hide becomes
bound or tight, his legs thrown a little more forward
than in his usual or natural position ; a constant thirst,
and very often a considerable swelling of the ancles,
&c. &c. ,

Remedy for a Founder. — So soon as you are con-
vinced that your horse is foundered, take from his
neck vein at least one gallon of blood ; give a drench
of one quart strong sassafras tea, one table spoonful of
saltpetre, and a quarter of an ounce of asafcetida,
and do not permit him to drink for five or six hours ; at
the expiration of which time, should he not be evidently
better, repeat the bleeding, taking half a gallon of
blood, and give another drench: at night offer him
some bran or oats, scalded with sassafras tea, and if it
can be procured, let him have green food, fresh from
the field, for it has the happy effect of opening the
bowels, and cooling the system : his feet should be
nicely cleaned out, and stuffed with fresh cow manure :
his drink should be at least one half sassafras tea, with
a small handful of salt thrown therein.

By the morning, should the horse be better, nothing
further is necessary, only being careful not to over
feed him. But should there be no change for the
better, tie a small cord just above his knees, and with a
lancet or fleam bleed in a vein that runs around the
coronet, just above the hoof; take from each leg a
pint of blood: -give a pound of salts dissolved in three
half pints of water, in form of a drench ; keep his feet
stuffed with fresh cow manure, and bathe his legs with

COLIC OR GRIPES. 1 ] 3

equal parts of sharp vinegar, spirits and sweet oil or
lard. By attention to these directions, in two or three
days the horse will again be fit for service.

A horse in this unpleasant situation requires great
attention. Whenever they are foundered, they search
for a bank of manure to stand on, which should al-
ways be prevented, as its heat increases the fever.

Horses slightly foundered, have sometimes been
cured in a few hours, by standing them in pond water
or mud, or by bleeding in the mouth, but those reme-
dies are uncertain, and are not so much to be relied
on as those first recommended,

A foundered horse is generally very much reduced
in flesh, before a cure is effected ; and is always more
subject to founder afterwards.

Large ridges on the hoofs, or a turning up of the
feet, are strong indications of old founders or other
injuries.

COLIC OR GRIPES.

THE colic is a disease to which the horse is very
subject ; and as often proves fatal, in consequence of
improper treatment, as any disease attendant on that
animal.

It may be produced by improper feeding, watering,
or riding, and sometimes by a want of energy in the
stomach and bowels, occasioning a spasmodic con-
striction of the intestines, and a confinement of air.
Some horses are naturally disposed to colic, while

114 COLIC OR GRIPES.

others, even with improper treatment, are seldom or
never attacked with that dangerous disease.

The pangs of the colic appear so excruciating, and
all the symptoms so violent, as to alarm, generally,
those unaccustomed to it, and cause them to be appre-
hensive of dangerous consequences; but by using the
remedies I shall here offer, the cure will be made easy,
and the animal speedily relieved from this painful
situation.

Symptoms. — The symptoms of the colic commence
with great restlessness and uneasiness in the horse's
manner of standing, frequently pawing, voids small
quantities of excrement, and makes many fruitless
attempts to stale : kicks his belly with his hind legs :
often looks round to his flanks, groaning, expressive of
the pain he feels : lies down, rolls, gets up again, and
sometimes for a moment, appears to find relief. But
the pain soon returns with double violence : his ears
are generally cold, and he often sweats about the
flanks and shoulders : his "body swelled, and he fre-
quently shows a disposition to lay down in great haste.

A TABLE for distinguishing between the Colic or Gripes, and in-
flammation of the Boivels of Horses, by the symptoms that mark
the character of each.

Spasmodic or Flatulent Colic. Inflammation of the Bowels.

1. Pulse natural, though some- 1. Pulse very quick and small,
times a little lower. (1) (2)

2. The horse lies down and 2. He lies down and suddenly
rolls upon his back. rises up again, seldom rolling

upon his back.

3. The legs and ears are gene- 3. Legs and ears generally
rally warm. cold.

4. Attacks suddenly, is never 4. In general, attacks gradual-
preceded, and seldom accompa- ly, is commonly preceded, and
mel by any symptoms of fever, always accompanied by symp-
toms of fever.

5. There are frequently short 5. No intermissions can be ch-
ink rmissions served.

COLIC OR GRIPES. 115

(1) Pulse Natural. — When in health, the pulsa-
tions or strokes are from thirty-six to forty in a
minute ; those of large, heavy horses being slower than
those of the smaller ; and those of old ones, slower
than those of young animals. When either are just off
a quick pace, the strokes increase in number; as they
do if he be alarmed or animated, by the familiar cry
of the hounds.

(2) Pulse very quick and small. — Fever, if the simple
or common kind, usually increases the pulsations to
double the healthy number. As the fever increases in
violence, and particularly in cases of inflammation of
the bowels, the pulse beats still higher, and reaches to
a hundred in a minute, or more. To ascertain either
state, the attendant should apply the points of his fingers
gently to the artery which lies nearest the surface.
Some prefer consulting the temporal artery, which is
situated about an inch and a half backward from the
corner of the eye. Others again, and they are the
greater number, think it best to feel it underneath the
edge of the jaw bone, where the facial artery passes on
under the skin only to the side of the face. In either
case, too great pressure would stop the pulsation
altogether ; though by so trying the artery against the
iaw bone, will prove whether it be in such a rigid state
of excitement as attends high fever; or elastic and
springy, slipping readily from under the finger, as it does
when health prevails, and the strokes follow each other
regularly. The presence of high fever is further indi-
cated by a kind of twang, or vibration, given by the
pulse against the finger points, resembling much such
as would be felt were we to take hold of a distended
whip cord or wire between the fingers and cause it
to vibrate like a ficMlestring, sharply Whereas, in

11*

116 COLIC OR GRIPES.

health, a swell is felt in the vibration, as if the string were
made of soft materials, and less straitened. Languid
or slow pj.se, and scarcely perceptible in some of the
beats or strokes, indicates lowness of spirits, debility,
or being used up : if this languor be felt at intervals
only, a few strokes being very quick, and then again a
few very slow, this indicates lowfever,in which bleeding
would do no harm, &c. — [A. Turf. R. fy S. Mag.']

REMEDIES. — Number 1. Take from the neck vein
half a gallon of blood ; take of laudanum one ounce, 01
mint tea one quart, milk warm ; mix them well in a
bottle, and give the contents as a drench; let the horse
be well rubbed under the belly, and prepare and give
an injection of meal, water, molasses, salt, and hog's
lard, milk warm.

Number 2. Take of mint tea one and a half pints ;
gin, or any spirituous liquor, half a pint ; mix them
well in a bottle, and give them as a drench, taking care
to rub him well. Should it not have the desired effect
in fifteen minutes, repeat the dose.

Number 3. Take of camphor a quarter of an ounce
oil of turpentine half an ounce, mint tea one pint ; mi*
them in a bottle, and give them as a drench. Confine
the horse in a close stable, cover him with three or
four blankets, and under his belly place a large tub of
boiling water, which will readily throw him into a
profuse sweat, and relieve him from pain.

Number 4. In addition to the above, clysters ought
to be administered, by injecting the following ingre-
dients, viz. : water half a gallon, salt one handful, oil
of any kind one pint, molasses one pint ; mix the whole,
and inject it ; and repeat it every half hour, until the
bowels are well opened.

SCRATCHES. J 17

SCRATCHES.

THE scratches is a disease which soon places a
horse in such a situation as to render him unfit for any
kind of service. When it is permitted to run upon a
horse for a length of time, without any remedy being
applied, the ankles and legs swell very much, and
lameness is produced in so great a degree, that he is
scarcely able to move.

The scratches are produced from many different
causes, as hard riding, dirty stables, legs left wet at
night without being rubbed, standing in his own ma-
nure or mud, in the stall where he is confined, &c.
&c. Although much inflammation may appear, and
the disease discover much inveteracy, the cure is not
difficult.

REMEDIES. — Number 1. — Remove the horse to a
clean stall: with strong soap suds wash his legs and
ankles nicely ; clean out his feet ; then wash every
part, inflamed or sore, in strong copperas water, twice
a day, until the cure is performed : take half a gallon
of blood from the neck vein, and give a mash twice a
week, of one gallon of bran, one tea spoonful of salt-
petre, and one table spoonful of powdered brimstone.
Great attention should be paid to the cleanliness of the
stable.

Number 2. After the horse is placed in a clean
stall and his legs and ankles nicely washed with warm
soap suds, take of blue-stone, one ounce ; of alum,
four ounces, to which add half a gallon of strong de-
coction of red oak bark, stir them together until the
alum and blue-stone are dissolved ; then wash the
cracks, sores, or inflamed parts, twice a day, and the

118 HOTS OR GRUBS.

cure will be effected in a very short time. Light or
green food would be preferable to any other, for a
horse thus diseased, until the cure is performed.

Number 3. After washing the legs and ankles clean
with soap suds, take of flower of sulphur or powdered
brimstone, one table spoonful ; hog's lard, one table
spoonful ; mix them well together, and anoint the sores
and parts inflamed twice a day. A horse will get
well much sooner confined in a clean stall, than by
running at large.

Number 4. .Boil poke-root to a strong decoction,
and bathe the ankles twice a day. In all cases a clean
stable will aid you much in making a quick cure of the
scratches.

BOTS OR GRUBS.

THE bots or grubs are small worms that are found
in the stomach ; their colour is brown or reddish, and
they seldom exceed three quarters of an inch in length.
At one extremity they have two small hooks, by
which they attach themselves, and the belly appears to
be covered with very small feet. They are most fre-
quently found adhering to the insensible coat of the
stomach, and then they do not appear to cause any
considerable uneasiness or inconvenience. Sometimes
however, they attach themselves to the sensible part,
and do great injury to that important organ, producing
irritation, emaciation, a rough coat of hair, hide bound
and cough. It is astonishing with what force these
worms adhere, and how tenacious they are of life.

BOTS OR GRUBS. 119

It is proved beyond doubt, by experiments made,
that this worm, like the caterpillar, undergoes several
changes. It is originally a fly, which deposits its
eggs in the horse's coat, causes an itching, and induces
him to bite the part. In this way he swallows the
eggs, which by the heat of the stomach are brought
into life, and are sometimes so numerous as to eat
their way entirely through the stomach and destroy
the animal. Indeed they seldom fail to attack a horse
with great violence, whenever his stomach is empty,
and endanger his life.

Numberless experiments have been made upon the
grubs, after they have been taken from a horse that
had died, to discover what medicine would soonest
destroy their lives, that could be safely given. But all
endeavours as yet upon that subject, have been fruit-
less. It appears that they will live in any medicine
that can be given to a horse, nearly as long as they
can live without eating. All the benefit that results
from experience on this subject, to me, merely serves
to break the hold and expel those dangerous worms,
when they are so mischievously engaged.

x

After describing the symptoms attending the grubs,
I shall offer some remedies which have saved the lives
of many horses.

Symptoms. — A horse attacked by the grubs, fre-
quently lies down and looks round to his shoulders,
groans, whips his tail between his hind legs, frequently
turns up his upper lip, and has a very hot fever, which
may be discovered by feeling his ears.

REMEDIES. — No. 1. Take of copperas two table
spoonfuls; water milk warm, one pint; dissolve the

120 BOTS OR GRUBS.

copperas, and give it as a drench. If the horse is not
relieved in fifteen minutes, repeat the dose.

No. 2. Take of linseed or sturgeon's oil, one pint,
and give it as a drench. If the horse is not relieved
in fifteen minutes, repeat the dose.

No. 3. Take of molasses, one pint ; milk, one pint ;
give it as a drench, and repeat the dose.

No. 4. Take of fresh meat of any kind (raw) half
a pound, cut it into four or five pieces, and force it
down the horse's throat ; it will immediately induce
the grubs to break their hold.

No. 5. Take two ounces of ^Ethiop's mineral and
give it to your horse in his feed, and in a day or two
afterwards give him a purge ; then you may give him
a decoction of bitter herbs, to prevent their return.

No. 0. Give your horse (after taking molasses and
milk) a quart or two of fish or beef brine, as a drench.
From recent experiments, salt appears to have the
property of killing worms : these insects placed in a
solution of this substance die immediately.

No. 7. Drench the horse with half an ounce of salt-
petre dissolved in common water, and in about fifteen
minutes drench with half an ounce of alum dissolved
in like manner. Let the horse have no water for
twenty-four hours after.

An active purge will be absolutely necessary imme-
diately after the use of either of the above remedies.
One pint of soft soap added to a pint of molasses,
with a handful of salt, will answer very well. Re-
peat the dose, should it not operate in four or five
nours.

HOOKS OR HAWS. 121

HOOKS OR HAWS.

THE hooks or haws in a horse, is the growing of a
horny substance upon the inner edge of the washer 01
caruncle of the eye, which may be found in the inner
corner next to the nose. When this disease makes its
appearance, the washer or caruncle is enlarged with
great rapidity, and the ligament that runs along the
edge of this membrane, becomes extremely hard, or
like a cartilage, and whenever it arises to this state,
it draws, compresses, and causes great pain to the eyes,
produces a tightness of the skin, a stiffness of the hind
legs, and finally a general spasmodic affection through-
out the whole system.

As the eyes of a horse are often inflamed, and some-
times diseased, without their having the hooks, for
the purpose of ascertaining the fact, take hold of the
bridle, and raise the horse's head as high as you can
with convenience reach: if he is diseased with the
hooks, the washer or caruncle of the eye, while his
head is raised up, will cover at least one half the
surface of the eye ball. When this is the case, take a
common sized needle with a strong thread, place on
the horse's nose a twitch, to prevent his moving; then
take in your thumb and finger the washer or caruncle
of the eye, and pass the needle through it a%out a
quarter of an inch from the outer edge, and inside the
horny substance ; draw it gently with the needle and
thread, until you have a fair chance of performing the
operation ; then with a sharp knife cut the piece out,
taken up with the needle, which must not be larger
than one fourth the size of a four pence half penny ;

122 HOOKS OR HAWS.

wash the eyes for two or three mornings with salt and
water, bathe his legs up to his belly in equal parts of
warm vinegar, spirit and oil, or fresh butter, and give
a mash of one and a half gallons of bran or oats, one
table spoonful flour of sulphur, one tea spoonful salt-
petre, and the cure will be performed in all probability
in four or five days.

Great care should be taken not to cut too large a
piece from the caruncle, as it disfigures the eyes, and
sometimes produces blindness.

ON CUTTING OUT HOOKS OR HAWS.

"Before I was acquainted with this subject, two
years ago, I had two fine young horses sacrificed to
this mistaken and ruinous operation. Ignorant quacks
do not know that the horse has a membrane peculiar
to the animal, whicji is at pleasure drawn over the
eye. The enlargement of this, by a fever, produces
the appearance, which, in jockey slang, is called the
hooks. Reduce the fever by depletion, such as bleed-
ing plentifully, purging, &c. and have the horse well
rubbed, and the hooks will disappear; that is, the
membrane is restored to its natural size and office,
which is to clear the eye from dust, &c. accidentally
entering it. I need not mention the cutting out of
this useful membrane unnecessary, as I have proved
the uselessness of this operation, by restoring a horse
without it a few days ago.

W. V. MURRAY."

[American Farmer.]

STRANGLES.

STRANGLES.

THE strangles is a disease to which horses are very
subject, particularly those that are young. It consists
in a running at the nose, and an inflammation and
swelling of the glands, about the under jaw and throat.
It is sometimes attended with high fevers, destroys the
appetite, causes a horse to look sad and dejected, and
dwindle away in an astonishing manner. Sometimes
the inflammation extends to the muscles of the tongue,
and is attended with so much heat and pain, that until
matter is found, the horse swallows with the utmost
difficulty, unless his drink is held up to him.

The strangles proceed from many causes, violent
colds, sudden changes of air or climate, extreme hard
labour after habits of idleness, shedding teeth, or what-
ever may produce pain, or bring on a flux of humours
at any critical time upon the throat and jaws, and like
most other diseases, requires strict attention, for the
cure to be performed in a short time.

Symptoms of the Strangles. — The approach of the
strangles may be known by a dulness of the counte-
nance, watery eyes, a distressing cough, running at the
nose, glands enlarged beyond the jaws, loss of appetite,
and a constant thirst, without being able to drink,
unless the water is placed as high as his head, in its
natural position.

Remedy. — Bleed four times within a week, taking
from the neck vein half a gallon of blood at each bleed-
ing; give a mash twice a week, of one gallon of bran
or oats, scalded with one quart of sassafras tea, with
the addition of one table spoonful of powdered brim-
12

124 STONE OR GRAVEL.

stone, and one tea spoonful of saltpetre. Take of
asafoetida half an ounce, divide it, placing one half in
his manger, the other in his watering bucket. Feed
principally with green food, if to be had, if not, such as
is light, cooling, and easily digested.

STONE OR GRAVEL IN THE BLADDER.

FORTUNATELY the stone is a disease not very com-
mon amongst horses ; but whenever it makes its appear-
ance, unless some remedy is immediately employed,
its consequences are to be much dreaded. It consists
in small gravel or stones being lodged in the bladder,
which prevents a free discharge of urine, and produces
the most excruciating pain. The horse will linger
and pine away, until he can scarcely support the burden
of life.

As the stone is a disease which has but seldom, if
ever, struck the attention of farriers, I consider myself
fortunate in being able to offer to the public a simple
remedy, which has been employed with astonishing
success by a gentleman in a neighbouring county. In
one case, when the following remedy was used, three
stones and a quantity of grit was discharged from the
blad4er.

Symptoms. — Frequent stretching, groaning, and
many fruitless attempts to pass water, which will finally
be discharged by a few drops at a time, with great
apparent pain, a shrinking of the flesh, although the
appetite is good, no fever, but a dull, sluggish, and
sleepy appearance, wanting much in his usual spirits.

YELLOW WATER. 125

Remedy. — Take of marsh-mallows, water melon
seed, and asparagus, of each two large handfuls, boil
them in three quarts of water to one quart, and add
one tea spoonful of saltpetre, and give the whole as a
drench, after being nicely strained.

Take of sweet oil or fresh butter one table spoonful,
grease his sheath, and draw out gently and grease
his penis, also grease the large seam from the penis up
near the anus ; and with the hand, bearing a little,
stroke the seam downwards to the end of the penis,
for ten minutes every hour, until the horse has a
urinary discharge ; which, in all probability, will take
place in one or two hours after taking the drench.
Should some blood be passed, it may be no cause of
alarm, and will clearly prove there is gravel in the
urinary passages. Repeat the drench in three hours,
should the desired effect not be produced.

YELLOW WATER.

THE yellow water is very common in the western
country among horses ; and being infectious, is some-
times brought into this state by drove horses. It is
extremely fatal in its consequences, unless some remedy
is employed shortly after it makes its appearance.
For the benefit of the public, I consider myself fortunate
to be able to recommend such medicines for its cure
as have been fairly tried, by a gentleman of Brunswick,
and proved effectual.

126 INFECTIOUS DISEASES.

Symptoms of Yellow Water. — The characteristics
of this disease, are a dusky yellowness of the eyes,
lips, and bars of the mouth; a dull, sluggish, appear-
ance ; a loss of appetite ; the excrement hard, dry,
yellow, and sometimes of a pale or light green ; the
urine uncommonly dark, of a dirty brown colour, and
when discharged a length of time, has the appearance
of blood.

Remedy. — Take of asafoetida one ounce; campho-
rated spirits, four table spoonfuls ; warm water one
pint; mix and give them as a drench, for three or four
mornings successively. Take of bran one and a hall
gallons, flour of sulphur one table spoonful, antimony
twenty grains, saltpetre twenty grains ; mix them well
together, and, with a strong decoction of sassafras,
scald the bran, forming a mash, which must be given
three nights in a week, not permitting the horse to
get wet, or drink water, except it is milk warm. His
stable should be a comfortable one, and he should have
a clean bed of straw placed under him. Bleed twice
in the neck vein, taking half a gallon of blood at each
bleeding, within the week ; let his exercise be regular
and moderate, and by the expiration of nine or ten days,
the cure, in all probability, will be performed.

TO PREVENT INFECTIOUS DISEASES.

As most diseases that are infectious endanger the
life of a horse, I consider it important to every owner
of those useful animals, to be able to use a medicine
that will act against or prevent those diseases that are

INFECTIOUS DISEASES. 127

contagious. 1 have been in the habit of owning from
one to eight horses at a time, for fifteen years, and in
all that time never lost a horse. I cannot help believ-
ing my success, in this respect, has been much in-
debted to the constant use of the asafoetida, which 1
consider one of the most valuable and innocent medi-
cines ever used amongst horses. It not only drives off
diseases of almost every kind, but it keeps up the
appetite, produces a remarkable fineness in the coat of
hair, and gives such life and spirits as to induce even
an old horse to attempt the attitudes and movements
of the gay and mettled racer.

The value of the asafoetida is at present but little
known for the use of horses; but whenever it shall have
been used or brought into notice, its remarkable effects,
no doubt, will prove what I now say. Its virtues are
acknowledged and remembered with pleasure, by all
those who have used it in their stables.

The asafoetida is produced from a plant called
perennial, and is a native of Persia: it has, however,
borne fertile seeds, in the open air, in the botanical
garden of Edinburgh. The gum resin is produced
from the roots of plants which are at least four years
old. When the leaves begin to decay, the stalk i<?
twisted off and the earth removed from about thei/
large tapering roots. The top of the root is some time
afterwards cut off transversely, and forty-eight hours
afterwards the juice which has exuded, is scraped off,
and a second transverse incision is made : this opera-
tion is repeated until the root is entirely exhausted of
juice: after being scraped off, the juice is exposed to the
sun to harden. It is brought to us in large irregular
masses, composed of various little shining lumps or
grains, which are partly of a whitish colour, partly red-
12*

128 INFECTIOUS DISEASES.

dish, and partly of a violet hue; those masses are
accounted best which are clear, or a pale reddish co-
' lour, and variegated with a number of elegant white
tears. This drug has a strong fetid smell, somewhat
like that of the garlic, and a bitter acid, biting taste. The
smell resides entirely in the essential oil, which arises in
distillation. It is the most powerful of all the fetid
gums, and is a most valuable medicine. It acts as a
stimulant, anti-spasmodic, expectorant, emmenagogue,
and anthelmintic, and its action is quick and pene-
trating.

When a small piece of the asafoetida has been placed
in the manger of a horse in health, 1 have known him
to stand for months in a stall next to one violently
diseased without taking the infection, or any ill con-
sequence resulting from their contiguous situation.

Preventive. — Take of asafoetida, one ounce, divide
it and wrap each piece in a clean linen rag; nail one in
the bottom of the manger the horse is fed in, the other
in the bottom of the bucket in which he is watered.
The above quantity will last about three months ; at
the expiration of which time it must be replenished.

A small piece confined to the bridle bit, will have
the same effect when a horse goes from home, or enters
on a journey.

GRAVEL IN THE HOOFS.

THE gravel in the hoof is an incident that happens
to horses in travelling, and is brought on by small
stones or grit getting between the hoof and shoe, set-
tling to the quick, and then inflame and fester ; it pro-

WOUNDS. 1529

duces lameness and causes a horse to undergo very
excruciating pain. The first step necessary for a
horse's relief is, to have his shoes taken off and get
the stone out. You may readily ascertain where they
lie, by pressing the edge of the hoof with a pair, of
pincers. After all the gravel is removed, which may
be known by a discontinuation of the blackness of the
place, the wound caused by cutting for the gravel may
be easily healed by melting together equal parts of
bees- wax, rosin, fresh butter or sweet oil, and pouring
the mixture on the wound, warm as the animal can
bear it, without giving pain. Then warm a little tar
or pitch, and pour a small quantity over the wound
and its neighbouring parts, to keep out the dust and
defend the foot from any hard substance for a few
days, by which time it will get well.

WOUNDS.

A WOUND is generally defined a separation of the
parts in any member of the animal body by some
instrument. In all fresh wounds made by cutting
instruments, there is nothing more required than bring-
ing the lips of the wound into contact, by sewing a
bandage, provided the part will allow of it. For
wounds of the hips, or other prominent parts, and
across some of the large muscles, the stitches are apt
to burst by the horse's lying down and getting up in
the stall. In such cases the lips of the wound should
not be brought close together — one stitch is enough

130 WOUNDS.

for a wound two inches long, but in large wounds
they should be an inch or more apart.

Should the wound bleed much from an artery's
being divided, it will be necessary to secure it by pas-
sing a crooked needle underneath, and tying it with a
waxed thread ; but if the artery cannot be got at in
this way, apply a small quantity of flour and salt to
the mouth of the bleeding vessel, which will very soon
have the desired effect. Care should be taken to keep
it there, by proper compress or bandage, until a scar,
scab, or crust is formed, otherwise it will elude your
expectations, and frequently alarm you with fresh
bleedings. After the lips of the wound are brought
together, by this needle or bandage, it needs only to
be covered with rags, dipped in spirits of any kind, or
spirits of turpentine, and a little lint placed lightly
within the edges of the wound, taking great care to
keep it entirely clean, with strong soap suds, and as
free from motion as possible. Whenever a wound be-
comes much swelled or inflamed, or discovers marks
of mortification, frequent bleedings and the applica-
tion of a red oak poultice or mush, will have a won-
derful effect. Should the wound be disposed to heal
very rapidly, and turn out what is termed proud
flesh, by washing it with a little blue-stone water, it
will, in a very short time, shut in, and the wound
entirely heal.

The cure of most wounds is effected by the simplest
methods, and it is often of much more consequence
to know how to dress a wound, than what to dress it
with, and in this consists the chief art of this branch
of surgery ; for the most eminent in that profession
have long discovered that a variety of ointments,
calves, and grease, are unnecessary in the cures of
most wounds and sores, and they have accordingly

WOUNDS. 131

discarded the greatest part formerly in repute for that
purpose ; repeated observations having taught them,
that after digestion, or after healthy matter is formed,
nature is disposed to heal up the wound fast, enough
herself. Some respect should be paid to the diet of
a horse, as bran, oats, and green food keep the
bowels open, and are free from that heat which the
use of corn and fodder will produce in the system. I
will here offer a few more simples that have proved
beneficial in the cure of wounds, sores, &c.

The first operation necessary in all sores, wounds,
&c. about a horse is, to remove all dirt, matter or
extraneous bodies, with strong soap suds, after which,

No. 1. Take of spirits, half a pint ; alum, one
ounce ; honey, one gill ; mix them well together, and
wash the wotfhd night and morning.

No. 2. Take of copperas, two ounces ; clean water,
one quart ; wash the wound or sore twice a day.

No. 3. Take of sugar of lead, a quarter of an ounce ;
fair water, one quart ; use it twice a day.

No. 4. Take spirits of turpentine and wet the wound
once a day.

No. 5. Take of blue-stone, a quarter of an ounce ;
fair water, one quart ; wash the wound every morning.

Punctured wounds, from thorns or other accidents,
are generally of the most painful kind, and require
great attention ; a bread and milk poultice, or a mush
made by boiling red oak bark to a strong decoction,
beating the bark very fine and throwing in as much
corn meal as will make it of proper consistency,
should be applied until healthy matter appears, to
gether with fomentations : after which, to effect a
speedy cure, use any of the above remedies recom-
mended.

132 BRUISES.

Wounds in the feet, from shoeing, nails, thorns, of
other accidents, are generally attended with much
trouble, and are often productive of very fatal conse-
quences ^when neglected. Such wounds should have
old dirt, grit, &c. carefully removed with warm greasy
water ; after which, take of bees-wax, tar, and sweet
oil, equal parts ; stew them well together, and fill the
wound, hot as the horse can bear it without expe-
riencing pain ; then pour on a little warm pitch, to
prevent grit and dirt getting to the wound, and to pro-
tect the foot, while sore and tender, from the hard
ground.

BRUISES.

BRUISES proceed from external injury, and when
no remedy is employed, are sometimes attended with
violent inflammation, and after bursting and discharg-
ing large quantities of matter, of a dark red colour
and extremely offensive smell, often terminate in a
mortification, which soon puts a period to the life of
the animal.

Take of vinegar, one quart; laudanum, half an ounce ;
sugar of lead, quarter of an ounce ; mix them well
together, and apply it to the bruise three or four times
a day ; if the part bruised will admit of it, apply a
flannel doubled and wet with the mixture, which will
be the means of keeping the bruise continually moist.
If by this method the swelling does not subside, apply

STRAINS. 133

a poultice made of a strong decoction of red oak bark
and meal, once a day, until the swelling abates ; but
in bruises that cannot, by these means, be dispersed,
and by pressing with the finger you discover tfrat mat-
ter is formed, then the shortest way is, to open the skin
and allow the bruise to discharge its contents : after
which it will heal in a very short time, by keeping
it entirely clean with soap suds alone. But after dis-
charging the matter, if the wound should appear rotten
and of dark colour, indicating mortification, together
with any very considerable inflammation, bleed plen-
tifully ; feed on bran, oats, long green food, or light
food of any kind, and again apply the red oak poul-
tice, which will very soon cure the inflammation,
cleanse and alter the appearance of the wound. After
which, any of the simples recommended for wounds,
may be employed in speedily healing.

STRAINS.

STRAINS, in whatever part of the horse, either pro-
duced from running, slips, blows, or hard riding, are
the relaxing, over-stretching or breaking the muscles
or tendinous fibres. A strain, unless uncommonly
bad, may be cured in a short time, by applying the
following remedies :

Number I. Take of sharp vinegar, one pint; spirit,
of any kind, half a pint; camphor, one ounce; mix
them well together and bathe the part injured twice a

134 STAGGERS.

day; a piece of flannel wet with the mixture and wrap-
ped around the part, will be very beneficial ; take from
the neck vein half a gallon of blood.

No. 2. Take of opodeldoc (which can be procured
from any apothecary's shop) a piece the size of a mar-
ble, and rub it on the strained part with the naked
hand until the hand becomes dry, twice a day : should
the injured part resist both these remedies, you may
conclude the injury is a very serious one, which
nothing but time can relieve, and the horse must be
turned out upon grass a sufficient length of time for
nature herself to perform the great operation.

STAGGERS.

THE staggers is a very common as "well as a very
fatal disease among horses of all ages: though young
horses are more subject to it than those advanced in
years.

Many various opinions have been offered to the
public, and some with much confidence, relative to the
origin and seat of this disease. But few, if any, as
yet, have investigated the subject with correctness.

The staggers, in my opinion, are produced by per-
mitting a horse to feed on grass in the spring and fall,
late at night and early in the morning ; for early in
the morning and late in the evening, the fields and
pastures are covered with a poisonous web, which is
spun and spread upon the grass by a small spider. So
rapidly, so industriously does this little insect work,

STAGGERS. 135

that in the space of one night, not a blade or spire of
grass has been left untouched. This web, catching the
dew-drops on its bosom, causes the fields in the morn-
ing to glisten and sparkle as if covered with a thin
sheet of ice. A horse that feeds upon a pasture in
this situation must, of course, collect large quantities
of this web and dew, and very often the spider itself.
They act upon the horse, producing delirium, giddi-
ness, apoplexy, and sometimes death. The lungs
appear to be the principal seat of this disease ; for in
cases of dissection they have been found much en-
larged, and covered with large brown spots ; smell
very offensively, and have some appearance of mor
tification.

The large quantity of poison taken into the stomach
acts upon its nerves, and the sympathy that exists be-
tween that organ and the large nerves of the head,
accounts for the dull, giddy, and dejected countenance
of the animal, and has induced many to believe the
staggers was confined to that part alone. The poison
is then removed from the stomach by the activity of
the lymphatic and absorbent vessels, thrown into the
circulation of the blood, diffused over every part of the
system, and finally carried by the arteries into the
lungs, through which all the blood in the body of a
horse passes many times in an hour, and undergoes a
change. Sometimes a determination of blood to the
head takes place, which generally ends fatally, pro-
ducing a furious delirium, the horse throwing himself
about with great violence, making it dangerous for any
person to venture near him.

Symptoms. — The symptoms of the staggers are a

drowsiness, eyes inflamed, half shut, and full of tears,

the appetite bad, the disposition to sleep gradually

increased, feebleness, a continual hanging of the head

13

136 STAGGERS.

or resting it on the manger, rearing, falling, and lying
in a state of insensibility, walking a small circle for a
considerable length of time, the ears hot, with a burn-
ing fever, &c. &c. &c.

Remedy. — Take from the neck vein half a gallon
of blood, three times in a week ; take of sassafras tea,
three half pints ; plantain juice, half a pint ; asafoeli-
da, half an ounce ; saltpetre, one tea spoonful ; mix
and give them as a drench three mornings in a week ;
give an injection composed of one pint of meal, two
quarts of water, one quart of molasses and one spoon-
ful of hog's lard ; let the horse be moderately exer-
cised, and whenever he is standing should be well
rubbed ; give a mash twice a week, composed of one
gallon of bran, one table spoonful of sulphur, one tea
spoonful of saltpetre, one quart of boiling sassafras
tea, and a eighth of an ounce of asafoetida, not per-
miting the horse to drink cold water for six hours
afterwards. Should he be much mended by this treat-
ment, nothing more will be necessary, except feeding
him on bran, or light food of any kind ; but should he
appear to receive no benefit from these attentions, in
four or five days, take of calomel, twenty-five grains ;
of opium, two drachms ; camphor, two drachms ;
powdered fennel-seed, one drachm ; of syrup, of any
kind, a sufficient quantity to make the ingredients into
a ball, which may be given every morning for four or
five days, by which time the horse will get well if
his disease will admit of a cure.

Horses that are confined in a stable never have the
staggers ; consequently it would be advisable for
every person, whose situation will admit of it, to con-
fine their horses, particularly at night, during the
spring and fall months.

MANGE — HIDE BOUND. 137

MANGE.

THE mange in horses is a disease of the skin, which
u generally rough, thick, and full of wrinkles, espe-
cially about the mane, tail, and thighs, and the little
hair that remains on these parts stands up very much
like bristles.

The ears and eye-brows are sometimes attacked,
and in a short time are left quite naked. The mange
is an infectious disease : indeed so much so, that if a
horse is carried into a stable where one that is mangy
has been in the habit of standing, he will be almost
certain to take the infection, unless the litter has been
removed and the stable properly cleansed and aired.
Proper attention will make the cure easy.

Remedy. — Take of powdered brimstone and hog's
iard an equal quantity, mix them well together and
anoint the part affected twice a day, bleed plentifully
and give two or three mashes (composed of bran, sul-
phor, saltpetre, and sassafras) within a week, by which
time a cure will be performed.

A clean stable and nice bed of straw will aid much
in accomplishing the object in view.

HIDE BOUND.

A HORSE is said to be hide bound when his skin
will not slip under the pressure of the hand, but sticks
as fast to the ribs as if it was glued.

138 SURFEIT.

Horses are sometimes hide bound in consequence of
feeling the effects of some violent disease, and it is
often a bad symptom ; but generally, this tightness of
the skin proceeds from poverty, cruel usage, and
sometimes from worms.

The first thing necessary for performing a cure is,
to offer better treatment to the animal, giving him
plenty of light food, such as bran, oats, &c. and a clean
stable with fresh litter. Then take from the neck
vein half a gallon of blood; at night give a mash com-
posed of one gallon of bran, scalded with sassafras tea;
one table spoonful flour of sulphur or powdered brim-
stone, and one tea spoonful of saltpetre ; not permitting
him to drink for six hours afterwards.

On the second day, at twelve o'clock, take of cop-
peras, two table spoonfuls ; of warm sassafras tea, one
quart ; saltpetre, one tea spoonful ; mix and give them
as a drench. Have the horse well rubbed, and in a
few days he will be entirely relieved.

SURFEIT.

THE surfeit is a common disease among horses that,
have been cruelly or injudiciously treated. Sudden
changes from heat to cold, plunging deep into cold
water and drinking plentifully after being excessively
hard rode, unsound food, being turned from a warm
and comfortable stable out into the cold air, night
dews, &c. &c. often produce surfeit.

SURFEIT. 139

Symptoms. — The surfeit first makes its appearance
with many fine and small lumps under the skin, a
partial falling off of the hair, and a constant itching :
at length a great number of scabs are formed, and
some small ulcers, and unless some remedy is em-
ployed, the whole coat of hair falls off and the horse
becomes covered with scabs : the hair^ in ' the mane
and tail will be nearly rubbed off, and the little remain-
ing will stand erect.

Remedy. — Take from the neck vein on the first and
fourth days of the week, half a gallon of blood ; give
a mash of one gallon of bran, one table spoonful of
sulphur, one tea spoonful of saltpetre, and a quart of
hot sassafras tea, well mixed together, three times
within a week, not permitting him to drink for six
hours whenever a mash is taken.

Give three drenches within the week, composed of
one quart of sassafras tea, and one tea spoonful of salt-
petre, each. Change the horse's litter frequently;
keep his stable clean, and do not permit him to get
wet.

Take of hog's lard and sulphur, equal parts, mix
them and anoint the horse where the surfeit appears
worse, once a day ; and by the expiration of a week,
if the horse is not entirely well, he will be much bene-
fited, and nothing more will be necessary, except giv-
ing him food that is light and easily digested, and
observe towards him kind treatment.

13*

140 SORE TONGUE. BIG HEAD.

SORE TONGUE.

TAKE four ounces sugar of lead, four do. bole am-
moniac, eight do. alum, burned.

The whole to be put in three quarts of good vinegar,
and the horse's mouth washed or swabbed two or
three times a day, keeping the bit out of the mouth.
The above is enough for six horses.

[FROM THE AMERICAN FARMER.]

BIG HEAD.

I HAVE noticed several essays in your valuable paper,
the " American Farmer," on the subject of " big head
in norses? and as I have never seen any description
of this disease, or any cure recommended, I will
endeavour to communicate what my limited experience
on that subject has taught me :

About twelve years ago the disease made its ap-
pearance in this neighbourhood, and before a remedy
was found out, many losses were sustained, by the
death of the horses which were diseased. One of my
.neighbours lost horses to the value of six or seven
thousand dollars, among them some of the best blood-
ed mares and colts. I lost one only, and the first and
only one, a brood mare, which had it about that time.
Various applications were made to cure it, such as
driving in spirits of turpentine by rubbing the parts
affected, and holding a red hot iron near the place ;

BIO HEAD. 141

burning, bruising, and cutting, were also resorted to,
but in every case that I saw or heard of, the disease
terminated in the death of the animal. At length
white arsenic was recommended, but by whom it was
first discovered, I am ignorant. I had occasion, about
four years ago, to try it on a fine Archy mare, then in
foal by Archy ; she was affected on both sides of the
face, and I succeeded in curing her : she produced a
horse colt, whilst she was under the operation of the
arsenic. At about two years old the colt was affected
on one side of the face. I had recourse to the arsenic,
and completely eradicated the disorder, leaving only a
slight scar, though the mucus membrane of the nostril
was so much injured as to cause a difficulty of breath-
ing through it. The mare was still more affected, as
both nostrils were nearly closed, and her head con-
tinued to be much larger than before she was taken
with the disease, though generally in good order, and
occasionally worked. She has, however, produced
three fine colts since, none of which has as yet been
affected with the big head. I designed to have trained
her first colt, but in consequence of the affection of his
nostril, I declined the idea. He is now four years old,
enjoying fine health, and possessing great vigour as
a stallion. I am thus particular in detailing the cha-
racter of the animals who have been cured, that it
may be seen how little horses are affected by the dis-
ease after it has been cured. I have known the arsenic
exhibited in at least twenty cases, in all of which it
effected a cure, and I think I can say, that it is an
infallible remedy. I will now endeavour to describe
the disease, and the recipe.

Symptoms—Loss of appetite, a drooping of the
head and a disinclination to move about — a slight

142 BIG HEAD.

weeping from the eye on the side affected — in a short
time a local swelling appears on the side of the face in
a direct line between the eye and nostril, which on
being pressed hard with the finger causes the animal
to wince, and by rubbing it gently with the hand,
appears to give ease to him — an enlargement of the
jaw bone, and a considerable decline in flesh. I have
not discovered that the disease is attended with fever ;
if it is suffered to run long, it causes an affection of the
joints — they become puffed, as if inflated with wind,
and in a short time those swellings become filled with
pus, and ultimately break, and a discharge of purulent
matter issues from the joints, and the animal falls, to
rise no more without help. It is supposed to be infec-
tious only in this last state of the disease.

Cure. — As soon as the swelling on the side of the
face appears, take a piece of white arsenic about the
size of a common field pea, (or about six or eight grains
pulverized and wrapped in fine paper, of a size only
sufficient to contain it,) make an incision in the skin,
immediately over the hard tumour, insert the arsenic
(or the paper containing it,) and with a needle and
thread make one suture or stitch, tie the ends of the
thread in a hard knot, bleed the horse, and turn him
out alone in a good pasture, or if it is cold weather,
put him in a stable, removed from other horses, and
feed him on light food — in a few days the effects of
the arsenic will be discoverable by a considerable
swelling of the head, nose, and face, which will increase
until the power of the arsenic is exhausted — if both
sides of the face are operated on at the same time,
ihe head will swell to an enormous size — in about a
month, or six weeks, the arsenic will have developed
its efficacy by the appearance of a circular piece of

BIG HEAD. 143

skin, and the porous bone of the face which extends
as far as the seat of the disease, or the influence of the
arsenic on the affected part ; this circular develop-
ment extends as far as the affected part only, and is
quite callous and nearly detached from the sound skin,
leaving the wholesome flesh in its natural state. In a
month or six weeks longer, this circular part becomes
entirely detached on its periphery from the sound
skin, and adheres to the side of the face by a few
slight integuments about its centre, which soon decays,
(or it may be cut off,) and the diseased parts drop out
in a mass, leaving a hideous wound ; then may he
seen the porous bone of the face, resembling honey-
comb, which soon becomes covered with sound flesh
and skin : the wound may be soon healed by using
common applications, though I have made use of what
we farmers in the country call pot liquor, as a wash,
and anointing the place with an ointment made by
bruising the leaves of the common poke-weed, (/>%-
tolacca decandra) and extracting the juice by pressure,
and stewing it in hog's lard, or of the Jamestown
weed, or thorn apple, (datura stramonium^) prepared
in the same way. These applications may be made
use of with advantage as soon as it is discovered that
the parts begin to separate. If the weather be warm
it may be necessary to anoint the parts with a mixture
of common tar and hog's lard, or the juice of elder
stewed in hog's lard, in order to keep away the blow
fly, which will be attracted to the parts by the offen-
siveness of the scent emitted. It cannot be expected
that a horse which has thus been operated upon, will
regain the beauty of his head, particularly if he be an
old horse, or has been affected on both sides of the
face, or the disease has been suffered to run too long

144 BIG HEAD.

before applying the remedy : this is evidenced by the
appearance of my mare. 1 suffered the disease to run
too long, because I was fearful that the arsenic might
injure the foal, but was induced to risk it rather than
lose the mare : the stallion on the contrary, exhibits
the effects of it in but a slight degree. It may be
proper to remark, that a less quantity of arsenic will
answer for a colt than for an old horse ; and that it
ought to be inserted as high up on the face as the seat
of the disease will admit of; perhaps on the upper
edge of the swelled part will answer the same end.

Another remedy has been communicated to me,
which is much more simple ; and if it be a remedy,
certainly possesses great advantages over the one on
which I have been treating. I have never known
it tried, but I am induced to believe that it is a remedy,
both fn>m its analogy to the arsenic, and from the
authority from which I derived my information. It is
this : Instead of the arsenic, take half a pint of strong
ashes, (hickory I suppose,) put them into a tin cup, (of
about a pint measure,) smaller at the mouth than at
the bottom, say about one and a half inches at the
mouth in diameter ; fill the cup or pot with water, and
let it boil for half an hour, or until the water has been
evaporated, or absorbed by the ashes, cord the horse's
nose in the usual way, or otherwise confine him, in
order that he may be still, and apply the mouth of the
cup to the part affected, with the ashes quite hot and
nearly dry, having previously covered it with a thin
cloth to prevent the ashes from coming in contact with
the skin of the horse, and hold it in that position until
the heat has subsided, when it may be removed : in a
day or two the parts will exhibit a gluey exudation,
which will disappear in the course of a week, leaving

FISTULA. 145

an inconsiderable sore like a burn, which may be soon
cured by treating it as such. It may be necessary in
some cases to make the second application. The
horse may be used as usual at the time, and when
the wound heals up, scarcely any scar will remain.

Or, Take blood from the neck vein and bathe the
swelled parts with spirits of turpentine once or twige
a week, rubbing it in with a hard brush until you dis-
cover the swelling is stopped: the lumps always
remain, but as they cease to grow the horse gets
better.

Or, Give stramonium (Jamestown or Jimeson weed)
in doses of one drachm, mixed with his feed for several
days, then turning him out for two or three months.

FISTULA.

THE fistula in the withers, generally proceeds from
some blow or bruise, and is the most disagreeable
disease to which a horse is subject. I would recom-
mend it to every person, whose situation will admit
of the sacrifice, to dispose of a horse thus unfortunately
affected, for whatever sum he would bring, or even
give him away, sooner than be at the expense and
trouble, and run the risk of performing a cure which,
if completed, would be tedious, and the horse be much
lessened in value in consequence of being disfigured by
the scar which unavoidably will be left. The remedy
here recommended is severe, but it will have the
desired effect more speedily than any other.

146 POLL-EVIL.

So soon as the fistula assumes a formidable appear-
ance, fomentations of bitter herbs should be employed,
such as wormwood, camomile, bay leaves, mullen,
life-everlasting, &c. boiled in water to a strong decoc-
tion, and after being strained, should be applied hot as
the horse can bear it without giving pain, by means
of large woollen cloths. This application promotes
suppuration, and when matter is formed let the tumour
be opened, so that its contents may be completely
evacuated ; after which let the sore be nicely washed
with strong soap suds, and apply the following oint-
ment once a day : — Take of verdigris, half an ounce ;
copperas, half an ounce ; oil turpentine, one ounce ;
ointment of yellow rosin, four ounces ; to be well mixed
together. As soon as healthy matter is discharged
from the fistula the ointment may, be discontinued,
and nothing more will be necessary, except keeping
it perfectly clean with strong soap suds.

When the fistula first makes its appearance, it may
be removed or prevented by placing a rowel or seton in
each shoulder, just below the swelled or inflamed part
which should be kept running two or three weeks.

POLL-EVIL.

THE poll-evil, like the fistula, proceeds from some
blow, bruise, or external injury, and its consequences
are much to be dreaded. A horse thus diseased would
be well sold almost at any price, though the cure is
tolerably certain, .yet extremely slow. The poll-evil

POLL-EVIL. 147

is an abscess or swelling found in the sinews, between
the noil bone and the uppermost vertebra of the neck,
immediately on the poll or nap of the neck. When
this swelling first makes it appearance, bathe it fre-
quently with hot vinegar ; and if the hair be fretted
off, with an oozing through the skin, make use of equal
parts of vinegar and spirits of wine ; but if there be
an itching, with heat and inflammation, the safest way
will be to bleed plentifully, and apply a red oak poul-
tice, which will sometimes disperse the swelling and
put an end to the disease. But whenever the tumour
is critical, having all the signs of matter, and appears
not benefited by the applications already recommend-
ed, it will be advisable to bring it to a head as speedily
as possible, with the following poultice : Corn meal,
marsh mallows, oil turpentine, and hog's lard. When
the tumour becomes ripe or full of matter, it may be
either opened or permitted to break of itself; if opened
with a knife, great care should be used to prevent
wounding the tendinous ligument that runs along the
neck under the mane. When the matter appears to
be on both sides, the tumours must be opened on both
sides, and the ligament between remain undivided ; ii
the matter flows in great quantities, resembling melted
glue, and is of an oily consistence, it will require a
second incision, especially if any cavities are dis-
covered by the fingers or probe ; these should be
opened by the knife, and the wound should be dressed
with spirits of turpentine, honey, and tincture of myrrh,
until light and thick coloured matter is found. Cleanse
the sore well with strong soap suds and a sponge ;
then take of verdigris, half an ounce ; oil of tur-
pentine, four ounces; of blue-stone, two ounces; of
green copperas, half an ounce ; mix them well to-
gether, and hold them over a fire until they are as not
14

LOCK-JAW.

148

as the horse can bear them : then pour them into the
abscess and close the lips by one or two stitches ; this
is to remain for several days without any other dres-
sing, except bathing with spirits of wine. Should
matter flow in great abundance, and of thin consisten-
cy, the above application must be again repeated until
the matter decreases in quantity, and becomes of a
whitish colour and healthy appearance.

LOCK-JAW.

V*

THE lock-jaw is so fatal in its consequences, that it
is a fortunate circumstance it occurs so seldom amongst
horses.

It commences with a difficulty in mastication, and
shortly after the jaws are so completely and im move-
ably closed, that it is with much difficulty that medi-
cines can be administered. The muscles of the neck
appear much contracted, and the animal appears to
suffer great pain.

The lock-jaw is frequently brought on by trifling
causes, such as cuts, wounding of nerves, tendons, &c.
Generally speaking, the cure is very uncertain ; but it
will chiefly depend on opium, the warm bath, and
other antispasmodics. Sometimes the sudden appli-
cation of cold water, in great quantities, has been
serviceable ; friction of turpentine oil or spirits, gene-
rally proves useful, as does a clyster made with two

LOST APPETITE. 149

ounces of spirits of hartshorn, four ounces of oil of
turpentine, and the yelks of three or four eggs, mixed
with a quart of strong ale and gin or whiskey. It is a
great object to promote urine, sweat, &c. Opium,
samphor, and copious bleedings, have been found, in
some cases, very beneficial ; and when they have
failed, hartshorn, ether, opium, and brandy, have
been employed with some success ; though the lock-
jaw is often a symptom of approaching dissolution,
and frequently defies the power of any kind of medi-
cine that can be employed.

LOST APPETITE.

HOUSES lose their appetites from various causes,
viz: — Excessive fatigue, want of a change in food,
dirty fodder, mouldy corn, or a dirty manger, &c. &c.
but most frequently by the approach of some disease.
So soon as you discover a horse has lost his appetite,
observe the following treatment, viz : —

Take from the neck vein half a gallon of blood ;
take of asafcetida, a quarter of an ounce ; salt, one
table spoonful ; sassafras tea, one quart ; mix and
give them as a drench.

On the second day, take of glauber salts, one pound ;
warm water, one quart ; after dissolving the salts give
it as a drench, and in two or three days the appetite
will be restored, unless the animal is labouring under
some disease, which may be ascertained by the symp-
toms.

'150 COLDS. SADDLE GALLS.

COLDS.

NOTHING is more common than colds among horses,
of all ages. They are frequently produced by a want
of good rubbing after violent exercise, which strikes
a chilliness and dampness over the whole body ; being
changed from a warm and comfortable stable to one
cold and open; standing out late in dew at night
plunging deep in cold water while heated in a profuse
perspiration ; all of which have a tendency to check
the perspirable matter and contract the pores of the
skin.

Colds sometimes produce a slight running at the
nose ; the remedy is simple and almost certain — bleed
plentifully.

SADDLE GALLS.

SADDLE GALLS are generally occasioned by an un-
equal pressure of the saddle, or by a saddle being badly
fitted to a horse's back, and if neglected they grow
into very ugly and troublesome sores. When these
inflamed tumours are first discovered, cold water alone
is frequently sufficient to disperse and drive them
away, if applied as soon as the saddle is pulled off
but when that will not have the desired effect, by
washing them twice a day in the mixture I shall here
recommend, the cure will be readily performed. —
Take of sharp vinegar, one gill; spirits, of any kind,
one gill ; sweet oil or fresh butter, one table spoonful;
to be well mixed before used.

SITFASTS. — DIARRIKEA. 151

SITFASTS.

SITFASTS proceed from the part being frequently
bruised with a saddle, until it becomes extremely hard,
and after remaining some length of time it is not
unlike a horny substance. The cure cannot be per-
formed unless the knife is used for the purpose of
cutting it entirely out. After which the fresh wound
can be healed with the greatest ease, in a very short
time, by using either of the following mixtures :

No. 1: Take of brandy, half a pint ; honey, half a
pint ; alum, two ounces.

No. 2. Take of blue-stone, a quarter of an ounce ;
spirits of turpentine, two table spoonfuls ; spring water,
one pint.

No. 3. Take sugar of lead half an ounce ; alum,
one ounce ; copperas, half an ounce ; let them be well
mixed, and the sitfast washed twice a day, after the
wound is washed clean with soap and water.

DIARRHOEA OR PURGING.

A DIARRHOEA amongst horses seldom occurs and is
easv of cure. It may be produced by a suppression
of perspiration or by an increased secretion of bile.

The following ball (No. 1.) generally gives relief,
but should it^not have the desired effect, No. 2 may be
employed.

No 1. Take of sue. aloes, six drachms; Castile
soap, four drachms ; and syrup enough to form the
ball

14*

152

DIABETES.

No. 2. Take of opium, one drachm ; antimony,
three drachms ; powdered ginger, two drachms ; and
syrup enough, of any kind, to form a ball.

It will benefit a horse very much by keeping him
warmly clothed while labouring under this disease.

DIABETES.

A DIABETES is a profuse staling or a constant dis-
charge of water ; it is attended with great weakness,
loss of flesh and appetite, with every appearance oi
decay and approaching dissolution.

It is frequently the result of old disorders, surfeits,
excessive hard rides, &c. &c. A horse of a delicate
and weak constitution is extremely difficult to cure,
as he soon loses flesh and appetite, his hair becomes
rough, his eyes weak, sad, and dejected, and in a very
short time he is unfit for any kind of labour. But if
the following remedies are employed, when the disease
first makes its appearance, if the horse possesses a
tolerable good constitution, the cure, by proper atten-
tion, can be rendered almost certain.

Remedy. — No. 1. Take of opium, one drachm ;
asafoetida, two drachms ; powdered ginger, two ditto ;
red oak bark, powdered, one ounce ; syrup of any
kind, a sufficient quantity to make two" balls for one
dose, which must be repeated three times within a
week, and the horse must not be permitted to drink an
unusual quantity of water. A little salt thrown into
that he is permitted to use, will be found very beneficial.

BLISTERS. 153

No. 2. Take of red wine, one pint ; water, one
pint ; gum Arabic, one ounce ; mix and give them as
a drench three times within a week.

No. 3. Take of salts of hartshorn, three drachms ;
opium, one drachm ; powdered ginger, two drachms ;
liquorice, half an ounce ; syrup, of any kind, a suffi-
cient quantity to make the ingredients into two balls,
which may be given twice within a week. Nourish-
ing food, moderate exercise, and a clean, wholesome
stable will assist much in effecting a cure.

BLISTERS.

PREVIOUS to the application of a blister to any part
of a horse, the hair should either be shaved or cut off
as close as possible ; the blistering ointment should be
regularly spread with a warm knife on a stout piece of
oznaburgs ; and during the operation of the blister,
the horse should be ti£d short to prevent his biting the
part or doing other injury.

Blister — No. 1. Take of Spanish flies half an ounce,
oil turpentine one ounce, hog's lard four ounces ; mix
them well and the blister is ready for use.

No. 2 — Take of tar, four ounces ; vitriolic acid two
drachms, oil of origanum, half an ounce ; hog's lard,
two ounces ; Spanish flies, two ounces. This blistei
is excellent for the spavin.

154 CLYSTERS.

-

•:•-..*'!*•!**

CLYSTER OR GLYSTER.

As clysters very often are the means of saving
horses' lives, I shall here recommend the best and sim-
plest mode of administering them. Take a large
bladder, cut off the neck and soften it in warm water,
take a pewter pipe, common reed, or any other smooth
tube, nine or ten inches long and not more than an inch
in diameter ; the clyster must then be poured through
a funnel into the bag, and securely tied around one end
of the tube ; the other must be made perfectly smooth
and rounding, well oiled, and introduced into the anus
several inches ; the liquid in the bladder must be
forced through the tube by pressure with the hand. —
When a clyster is given, a horse should be placed with
his head down hill, and if he refuses to stand, a twitch
should be put upon his nose.

Glysters are of three kinds — opening, anodyne, and
nourishing. For the first purpose take a gallon of
warm water, with from half a pound to a pound of
common salt dissolved in it; to which add four or
five ounces of olive or linseed oil. For the second,
take two drachms of solid opium, dissolve them, or
rather mix them well with about half a pint of warm
water, and add from a quart to three pints of Indian
meal or wheat flour gruel. For the third purpose,
rich broths, wheat flour gruel, and other nourishing
fluids are recommended. With respect to the first
kind of glysters, it may be observed that gruel is com-
monly preferred to warm water ; but according to my
experience, the latter does just as well as the former
As to the second, tincture of opium may be substitu-

FOMENTATIONS. 1 55

ted for solid opium, and is by some preferred to it,
but the quantity should not exceed two ounces, on
account of the spirit in which this opium is dissolved.
The third kind of glyster is required only in lock-jaw,
or in diseases of the throat which prevent swallowing,
and in these its utility seems to be very questionable.
As soon as the glyster has been injected, the tail should
be kept close to the fundament for a few minutes to
prevent its being too hastily returned. This is parti-
cularly necessary when the anodyne clyster is em-
ployed. The pipe must be oiled or greased before it
is introduced, and if its passage be obstructed by hard
dung lodged in the gut, the hand should be gradually
introduced in order to remove it.

FOMENTATIONS.

FOMENTATIONS are generally made of bitter herbs,
such as wormwood, camomile, mullen, bay leaves,
sutherwood, life-everlasting, &c. &c. boiled in water
to a strong decoction, strained off, and applied with
large woollen cloths, hot as the animal can bear it that
it is intended to benefit. The efficacy of fomentations
often depends on the length of time they are employed,
and their being frequently repeated.

Poultice. — The following mixtures will be found
useful as a poultice :

No 1. Take of bran, one quart; of sharp vine-
gar (scalding hot) half a pint ; hog's lard, one table
spoonful — mix them for use.

156 MASH.

No. 2. Take of red oak bark a sufficiency to boil
to one quart of strong decoction ; take of Indian meal,
a sufficient quantity to form the poultice.

No. 3. Take of sharp vinegar, half a pint ; of meal
one quart ; of hog's lard, two table spoonfuls ; pour a
sufficient quantity of boiling water to form it into a
mash, when it will be ready for use.

MASH.

A MASH is generally given to a horse for the pur-
pose of cooling the system, opening the bowels, and
for disguising different kinds of medicines which may
be necessary to be administered ; which if given in
any other way, would be attended with trouble and
difficulty, and would not be productive of effects so
salutary.

Mash. — No. 1. Take of bran one gallon, sassafras
tea (scalding hot) one quart, powdered brimstone one
table spoonful, saltpetre one tea spoonful.

No. 2. Take of oats one gallon, flour sulphur one
table spoonful, saltpetre one tea spoonful, boiling water
one quart.

No. 3. Take of bran one gallon, salts (glauber)
four ounces, sulphur one table spoonful, sassafras tea
(scalding hot) one quart — let them be well mixed and
given milk warm, not permitting the horse to drink
cold water for six hours afterwards.

BLEEDING. TO SPOT A WHITE HORSE. ] 51

BLEEDING.

THE bleeding of a horse is so common and simple,
that but little instruction can be necessary for the per-
formance of the operation. The blood should always
be caught in some vessel for the purpose of judging ol
its quantity and quality ; if after it has coagulated a
light buff coloured jelly forms the surface, it is an evi-
dence of the inflammatory state of the blood. Blooa
drawn from a healthy horse very soon coagulates and
appears like a uniformly red jelly, with a small quantit
of fluid, resembling water, floating on the surface. .
consists of two parts — the red jelly (termed crassa-
mentum) and the water or serum ; the former may be
separated into two parts by washing the red globules
and coagulable lymph.

Bleeding is extremely beneficial in many diseases ;
and with safety from one quart to one and a half gal
ions may be taken at one time.

TO SPOT A WHITE HORSE

WITH BLACK SPOTS.

TAKE litharage, three ounces ; quick lime, six ounces ;
beat it fine and mix it together : put it into a pan and
pour a sharp ley over it ; then boil it and you will
have a fat substance swim on top, with which anoint
the horse in such places as you design to have black,
and it will turn to the colour immediately.

158 DRIVING. - TRIBUTE TO THE HORSE.

It has the same effect in changing hair that is red
fnto a black colour, with only this difference, viz. : —
Take an equal quantity of lime and litharage, and
instead of boiling it with ley, boil it only with fresh
water ; what swims at top, is fit for use and will an-
swer your expectation ; what hairs you anoint with it
in the evening, will be black the next morning.

DRIVING.

IT may be generally remarked, that men who drive
fast have swift horses ; not that they drive fast because
they have swift horses, but because fast driving makes
horses swift. A horse may commonly be trained to
a dull and heavy, or to an airy and fleet gait. Nature
unquestionably does much ; but education does far
more towards producing the great difference in the
speed of horses, than most men are willing to allow.
Horses are more frequently injured by driving them
beyond their habitual pace, than beyond their native
po wer. The best direction for the education of horses
is, "drive fast and stop often."

A TRIBUTE TO THE HORSE.

TAKE half a pound of saltpetre, half a pound of
alum, and half a pound of alum salt ; pulverize and
mix them well together, and every eight days give
him a table spoonful in his food ; his coat, flesh, and
spirits will soon reward his master for his care.

MULES

MULE AND HINNY,

HYBRIDS OF THE HORSE AND ASS.

THE mule is the hybrid produce of an ass with a
mare ; having a large clumsy head, long erect ears, a
short mane, and a thin tail.

The hinny is the hybrid produce between the she-
ass and a stallion ; the head is long and thin, the ears
are like those of a horse, the mane is short, and the
tail is well filled with hair. The hinny is much less
common than the mule, because, being less hardy and
useful than the other, he is never cultivated.

The mule, commonly so called, is much valued for
the saddle, and for drawing carriages in Spain, Portu-
gal, Italy, and the East, and in the warmer parts of
America. In those countries where great attention is
paid to the breed, it is as tail as the horse, exceedingly
wrell-limbed, but not so handsome, especially about the
head and tail. These animals are mostly sterile ;
some, indeed, have thought that they are altogether
incapable of producing their kind ; but some few
instances have occurred, in which 'female mules have
had foals, and in which even the male has impregnated
females both of the ass and horse species, though such
instances are exceedingly rare.

The mules made use of in the southern parts of
Europe, are now brought to an astonishing perfection
as well as great size. They are usually black, strong,
15

160 MULES.

well-limbed, and large, being mostly bred out of fine
Spanish mares. They are sometimes fifteen or six-
teen hands high, and the best of them worth forty or
fifty pounds. No creatures are so proper for large
burdens, and none so sure footed. They are much
stronger for draft than our horses, and are often as
thick set as our dray horses, and will travel several
months together, with six or eight hundred weight
upon their backs. Some think it surprising that these
animals are not more propagated here, as they are so
much hardier and stronger than horses, less subject to
diseases, and capable of living and working to twice
the age of a horse. Those that are bred in cold coun-
tries are more hardy and fit for labour than those brea
in hot ; and those which are light made are fitter for
riding than horses, as to the walk and trot ; but they
are apt to gallop rough ; though these do it much less
than the short-made ones. The general complaint
made against them is, that they kick and are stubborn;
but this is owing to neglect in breeding them, for they
are as gentle as horses, in countries where they are
bred with proper care.

In the breeding of mules, mares that are of a very
large breed and well made, should be employed.
They should be young, full of life, large barrelled, but
smalled limbed, with a moderate sized head, and a
good forehead. It is found of advantage to have the
foals from the time of their being dropped often
handled, to make them gentle : it prevents their hurt-
ing themselves by skittishness and sudden frights ; and
they are much easier broken at the proper age, and
become docile and harmless, having nothing of that
viciousness which is so commonly complained of in
these animals. They may be broken at three years

MULES. 161

old, but should never be permitted to do much hard
work till four, as they are thus secured from being
hurt by hard labour, till they have acquired strength
enough to bear it without injury. An expert breeder
of these animals found, that feeding them too well
while young, though it made them very fat, was far
from being any advantage to them ; as it was not only
incurring a much larger expense than was any way
necessary, but also made them wonderfully nice and
delicate in their appetites ever after, and also by
increasing their weight of flesh, rendered them more
subject to strains and hurts in their morning gambols.
He therefore contented himself with giving them food
enough to prevent their losing flesh, and to keep up
their growth without palling their appetites with deli-
cacies, or making them over fat ; he also took care to
defend them from the injuries of the weather by allow-
ing them stable room, and good litter to sleep on,
besides causing them every day to be well rubbed
down, with a hard wisp of straw, by an active groom.
This was scarcely ever omitted, particularly in cold,
raw, wet weather, when they were least inclined to
exercise themselves. When three years old, mules
are proper for use.

The shoe for the mule is for the fore foot very simi-
lar to that which farriers call the bar shoe. It is very
wide and large, especially at the toe, where it some-
times projects four inches and upwards beyond the
hoof. This excess is given it with a view to enlarge
the basis of the foot, which is in general exceedingly
narrow in this animal. The shoe for the hind feet is
open at the keels like a horse's shoe ; but is lengthened
at the toe like the preceding one. Mules are, how-
ever, by no means invariably shod in this manner : /t

162 MULES.

is not unusual to shoe them either like horses or asses,
as they approach the one or the other in size or work
required.

[FROM THE AMERICAN FARMER.]

PRIZE ESSAY.

[The premium of a silver cup, of thirty dollars value, offered bf
Robert Oliver, Esq. to the author of the best essay on the natural
history of the Mule, and its value for the general purposes of agri-
culture, in comparison with horses, was awarded by a committee,
appointed by the Trustees of the Maryland Agricultural Socie'.jr,
to the author of the following essay.]

A DISSERTATION ON THE MULE,

With the view of promoting an improvement in the breed, and of
demonstrating the utility of employing him as a substitute fm the
horse, in the labours of husbandry, canals, <£c.

BY SAMUEL WYLLYS POMEROY.

" Opinion is the queen of the world — it gives motion to

the springs, and direction to the wheels of power."

John Quincy Adams.
" Knowledge is power." — Bacon.

SOON after the accession of Charles III. to the crown
of Spain, his subjects were prohibited by a severe
edict, from wearing flapped hats and long cloaks ;
which caused an insurrection that obliged him to flee
from Madrid, after witnessing the massacre of nearly
one hundred of his Walloon guards ; and might have
terminated in a revolution, but for a speedy revoca-
tion of the edict and banishment of his ministers. An
eminent writer introduces the history of the occur-
rence, bv observing, that " it is easier to conquer half

MULES. 163

the world than to subdue a single prejudice or error,
most nations having a superstitious attachment to those
habitudes which they derive from their ancestors, that
seem to come along with them into the world, and
with which they were nursed and brought up."

Perhaps it may be deemed by many quite as vision-
ary or absurd to attempt an introduction of the mule
as a substitute for the horse, for the purposes of agri-
culture and hackney employments, as was the project
of the Spanish monarch for compelling his subjects to
wear the French costume, to the exclusion of one they
had been so long accustomed to look upon " as a dis-
tinction which was the birth-right of every true Spa-
niard ;" and as we may suppose, so congenial to the
indolent habits for which that nation had long been
proverbial.

It must be acknowledged that there are serious*
though I trust in this age of improvement, not insur-
mountable impediments ; for we have to combat not
only hereditary prejudices, or to speak more correctly,
such as have proceeded from a deficiency of means
and want of knowledge, to develope the valuable pro-
perties and to subdue propensities of a contrary cha-
racter in this hybrid race, but we are met at the
threshold by the same species of pride which the
Spaniards manifested in regard to their costume,
founded on the enthusiastic, I may almost say super-
stitious, attachment to the horse.

It is believed that a vast portion of our fellow
citizens, and I may with propriety add the people 01
Great Britain, from whom we have derived some
inveterate prejudices as well as those illustrious exam-
ples that have had such a powerful influence in leading
our country to the high destinies that await her, do not
15*

1 64 MULES.

consider that a mute, especially a well bred one,
would be in himself and in their view, one of the best
formed and most distinguished of animals, if they had
never seen a horse ; they must admit, however, that
he holds the second rank instead of the first, and it is
principally from this circumstance that so little atten-
tion has been paid to him in both countries. Com-
parison is the chief cause of his degradation — they
look at and give their opinions not of himself, but
comparatively with the horse. They seem not aware
that he is a mule — that he has all the qualities of his
nature, all the gifts attached to the connecting and final
link of two distinct species, and think only of the figure
and qualities of the horse which are wanting in him,
and that he ought not to have ; for he possesses those
of more intrinsic value, which the supreme Author of
nature has denied to both of his parents. -

There are few subjects of animated nature that have
engaged the attention of the most eminent naturalists,
more than the genus Equus, to which the horse and
ass, with their hybrid offspring, are assigned. Lin-
nceus, with a view to establish, by new arguments, his
doctrine, or theory of the sexual system of plants,
which SpaUanzani had attempted to overturn, illus-
trated their generation by pursuing the chain of nature
from the animal to the vegetable kingdom ; and has
taken prominent examples from the two different pro-
ductions of mules. He says, " from the mare and male
ass proceeds the mule, properly so called, which in its
nature, that is, in its medullary substance, nervous
system, and what Malpighi calls the keel, (carina,)
bottom in sportsmen's language, is latent in, and
derived from the mare. But in its cortical substance
and outward form, in its mane and tail, resembles

MULES. 105

the ass. Between the female ass and the horse,
the other kind of mule is engendered, whose nature
or medullary substance, resembles that of the ass : but
its outward form and cortical structure, or vascular
system that of the horse."*

The latter kind was called Hinnus by the ancients,
hence the modern name Hinny, They were not held
in much estimation by the Romans, according to Pliny,
who describes them as difficult to manage, and so
slow that little service could be derived from them.
Buff on has noticed this animal, which he says " is
smaller than the mule, as it preserves the diminutive
stature of the ass." Hinnys were seldom propagated ;
but it is said that a number have lately been bred in
Spain, probably in consequence of the destruction of
mares in the peninsular war, and are represented of
good size, and more beautiful than the mule : that is,
they resemble the horse much more. 1 understand a
few have been bred upon the Spanish Main, no doubt
from a similar cause that led to the system in Spain ;
and if my information is correct, some have been
recently shipped to the West India Islands, but are by
no means esteemed so hardy, or valuable for service,
as mules.

Notwithstanding mules have a disposition to propa-
gate, there have been but two or three well authenti-
cated instances recorded of their having bred; and
those productions were considered monsters. Buffon
was indefatigable in his researches on the subject : and
although he admits that it is possible for both males

* See " A Dissertation on the Sexes of Plants," by Sir Charles
Linnceus — read before the Imperial Academy of Sciences at St.
Petersburgh, Sept. 6, 1760, and which obtained the premium of
one hundred ducats.

166 MULES.

and females to propagate, he is confident that their
parents are of a species distinct from each other. He
says " the ass is not a horse degenerated," as some had
supposed, " he is neither a stranger, an intruder, nor
a bastard ; he has, like other animals, his family, his
species, and his rank ; his blood is pure and untainted,
and although his race is less noble, yet it is equally
good, equally ancient as that of the horse." This pro-
found naturalist continues a very minute and eloquent
comparison between the horse and ass ; some of his
expressions I have taken the liberty to apply to the
mule and the horse in a preceding paragraph.

It may promote the object in view to enter exten-
sively upon the history of the ass ; and we commence
with the supposition, that when men became so far
civilized as to have burdens to carry, or required to be
carried themselves, this animal was the first domesti-
cated for that purpose — and it is reasonable to infer
that those of the least spirit and most tractable, were
put in requisition in the first instance ; when by breed-
ing iTi and in, without any care in the selection of sire
or dam, became in process of time degenerated to a
very inferior grade. Be this as it may, it is an unques-
tionable fact that different races of the ass now exist,
possessing properties as distinct as are found in the
species of camel. For instance, the Bactrian or single
hunched camel, called the dromedary, by far the most
numerous race, being lightly formed, exhibits great
activity, and is able to traverse vast tracts with the
speed of a high mettled race horse. The Arabian
camel, with two protuberances on his back, is con-
siderably larger, of much stronger form, travels at a
pace seldom exceeding three miles an hour, and is
capable of conveying such burdens, that the Arabs

MULES. 107

style him, emphatically, the ship of the desert; yet
they are of the same species — a cross between them
breed and constitute another variety, which multiply,
and according to BufFon, have the most vigour, and
are preferred to all others.

Ancient writers recognise three or four distinct
varieties of the ass. According to the learned Dr
Harris, four different races are indicated in the origi-
nal Hebrew scriptures, viz : Para, Chamor, Aton, and
Orud*

The wild ass (Para,) was a native of Arabia, De-
serta, and those countries which formed the great
Babylonian empire. They are now found in Southern
Tartary, in the mountainous districts and saline plains
of Persia — are migratory in large herds, visiting in
winter the Northern parts of India, and said to be so
fleet that no horse can overtake them in the chase. — •
This race is frequently alluded to by the inspired
poets and prophets ; and afford similies diametrically
opposite to those drawn from the domestic race. The
sublime description of the former in the book of Job,
exhibits such a contrast, that I trust its insertion in
this place will not be deemed improper.

" Who from the forest ass his collar broke,
And manumized his shoulders from the yoke ?
Wild tenant of the waste, I sent him there
Among the shrubs, to breathe in freedom's air.

* See the ''Natural History of the Bible, by Thaddeus Mason
Harris, D. D. 1 vol. 8vo. Wells & Lilly, Boston." A work I woulc
earnestly recommend to those readers of the sacred volume whc
are desirous to be better acquainted with many allusions to sub-
jects of natural history, founded on their nature, habits, and cha
ractcristic qualities, developing beautiful similies, which would
otherwise lie concealed — and enabling them to judge more cor
rectly of the propriety of such allusions.

1 08 MULES.

Swift as an arrow in his speed he flies ;

Sees from afar the smoky city rise ;

Scorns the throng'd street, where slavery drags her load,

The loud voic'd driver and his urging goad :

Where e'er the mountain waves its lofty wood,

A boundless range, he seeks his verdant food."

Scott's Version.

We find, that at a very early period of sacred his-
tory, the common domestic ass (Chamor,) was em-
ployed in all the menial labours of a patriarchal family,
while a nobler and more estimable animal (Aton,) was
destined to carry the patriarchs, the well born ; and
those on whom marks of distinction were to be con-
ferred. They constituted an important item in a
schedule of the pastoral wealth of those times ; of
course attracted particular attention and care. David
we are told, had an officer, apparently of high dignity,
appointed expressly to superintend his stud of high
bred asses, or Atonoth.

There was another race that has been mentioned by
Aristotle, and by Theophrastus, whom Pliny quotes,
which they denominated the wild mules that bred
(liemi-onos?) and were found in Cappadocia and Africa.
There can be but little doubt but this is the Hemionus
or wild mule of the Mongalian Tartars, so particu-
larly described by professor Pallas ; and that it is not a
hybrid, but actually of the species of ass resembling a
mule.* This race is identified by Dr. Harris with
the Orud of scripture.

The wild ass of Northern and Western Africa,
whose flesh was so much admired by the Roman epi-

* Herodotus says, that in the army of Xerxes, which invaded
Greece, there were "chariots of war drawn " by wild asses." M.
Lurcher, a celebrated commentator, renders them zelres in his
French translation, which he supports from Oppian, lib. 3. v. 183.
Bu* it is now well known that the zebra is of a species entirely

MULES. 1 69

cures, may, I believe, be ranked as another distinct
race. Adanson, a French naturalist, who visited the
river Senegal, more than half a century ago, describes
those brought from the interior by the Moors, as so
essentially different from any he had seen in Europe,
(probably those of Spain, Savoy, or parts of France
adjoining,) it was with difficulty he could recognise
them to be the same species — neither do they answer
the description of the wild ass of Asia, of which we
have been speaking. But his account of them corres-
ponds with the diminutive domestic race introduced
from Africa, particularly those from Senegal and the
Cape de Verd Islands ; and from which the small race
now in Europe and in this country, may with great
probability claim their origin.

The Arabian ass, like the horse of that country, is
considered as the most estimable of his species — and
there are strong reasons for concluding that he is
descended from the Hebrew Aton, so highly valued
by Abraham and by the patriarchs, judges, and kings,
at subsequent periods of sacred history ; and that the
same race has been preserved in the ancient land of
Qz, in some degree of purity to the present time.
Indeed, there can be but little doubt on the subject,
if we admit the fact, that the habits, manners, and pur-
suits of the descendants of Ishrnael have continued,
with scarcely an iota of variation, from the day they
took rank among the nations of the earth. The
position is greatly strengthened by the information I

distinct from the ass; and Buffon asserts that none were ever dis.
covered out of Africa, and there only in the southern hemisphere.
It is therefore highly probable, that those alluded to were the hemi-
onus, which are described as much larger than the wild ass, and
nearer the size and form of the zebra. See Beloe's Herodotus,
Polymnia, chap. 86.

170 MULES

received some years since from an intelligent traveller
of undoubted veracity, who had visited Arabia on the
south-western side of the peninsula to Mocha ; and on
the eastern, as far as the mouth of the Tigris. He
represented the superior race of asses of that country
as most beautiful — of perfect symmetry, great spirit,
activity, and vigour. He had seen those that could
not be purchased for less than four or jive thousand
dollars — an enormous price, considering the value of
money among those people.* I understand from him,
that the Arabs were as tenacious of preserving the
pedigrees of their horses, as the most careful breeder
for the turf in England — and not less so of their asses.
The descent of some of them they trace to those in the
train of the queen of Sheba, when she visited Solomon
— as they also do that of their horses to the numerous
stud of that wise and gallant king.

Dr. Harris supposes the wild ass (Para) to be the
Onager of the ancients ; and that the Aton was of a
"different kind. My impressions coincide with the
opinion of the learned divine — but may not writers of
different periods have confounded the wild ass with the
Aton in their representations of the Onager? for it is
not improbable, but that the Aton was of the most
improved breed known, produced from crosses of a
choice selection of the domestic, the wild ass, and the
Hejnionus, or wild mule — which last Professor Pallas
recommends to complete the perfection of the species.
This supposition is supported by Buffon, who infers

*Neibuhr remarks, " there are two sorts of asses in Arabia; the
smaller or lazy ass, as little valued there as in Euorpe ; and a large
and high spirited breed, which are greatly valued, and sell at a very
hig.h price ; I preferred them to horses/ See Neibuhr's travels in
Arabia.

MULES. 171

as a certain fact, that by a cross of the remotest of
different races of the ass, the most beautiful produc-
tions are obtained.

Mules were in use and highly esteemed at a remote
period of antiquity ; and are mentioned in scripture
as of importance in the equipage of princes. Hero-
dotus, who is styled the father of profane history, fre-
quently speaks of them ; and it is known that they
were introduced in the chariot races at the Olympic
games in the seventieth Olympiad, about five hun-
dred years before Christ. The Romans well knew
their value. Pliny informs us, from Varro, that Q.
Axius, a Roman senator, paid four hundred thousand
sersterces, upwards of thirteen thousand dollars, for a
male ass, for the propagation of mules. And he says
further, that the profit of a female ass in breeding
stock for the same purpose, was estimated in Celte-
beria, now the kingdom of Valencia in Spain, at a
like sum. We may infer from a passage in Tacitus,
and in Plutarch's life of Marius, that mules were ge-
nerally employed to transport the baggage of the Ro-
man armies ; and that it is not improbable the superior
officers rode those of a high grade, having their horses
led except when they engaged an enemy. It seems
that the dilletanti of Rome held them in great estima-
tion, as we are informed that the mules of Nero and
Poppea were shod with gold and silver — not plates, as
iron shoes are now formed, but the whole hoof en-
closed.

Columella, who in the reign of the Emperer Claudius,
published the most valuable treatise on the husbandry
and economy of the Romans that has been handed
down to us, has given very particular directions for
breeding asses and mules. He was a native of Cadiz,
16

1*72 MULES.

and owned estates in Spain, where it appears that the
v finest mules were then bred.

As it is not requisite to pursue our history of the
mule any farther among the ancients, we shall drop
their appellation of male and female ass, and adopt the
modern one of Jack and Jennet.

Spain has continued to support the reputation for a
superior race of mules to the present period : and it is
probable, that the^Arabian breed of Jacks were intro-
duced by the Moors, when they held possession of
that fine country, which, by crosses and the effects of
climate and soil, have formed two valuable races,
which we shall notice in the sequel. The Portuguese
race have been generally considered as differing but
little from the Spanish ; those, however, that have
come within my view appear evidently inferior. It
was not until near the close of the sixteenth century,
that coaches were used in France ; before which, it is
said, the nobles rodex to court, parliament, &c. on
mules, that were brought from the vicinity of the Alps
and Pyrenees. They were usually black, of large
size, well made, and mostly bred from fine Spanish
mares. Savoy has long been noted for an excellent
breed of mules. None very extraordinary are found
in Italy : those used by the Velterino, are strong and
of a respectable size, but of a sluggish and debased
spirit. Very little can be said of those animals in
Great Britain. The Catholic prelates brought over a
number of superb mules, prior to the Reformation,
but in the reign of Elizabeth so little was known of
them, that a writer of that period says, " in Devon-
shire some were produced by a Jack brought from
France, and were knocked on the head by the people,
who viewed them as monsters." A superior race of
mules were bred in Flanders from Jacks introduced by

MULES. 173

the Spanish monarchs while they held dominion in
that country. Fifty of them were brought to England
by the Duke of Cumberland, presented him by the
Empress Queen, and from their beautiful appearance,
engaged the attention of a few individuals ; but the
spirit soon subsided, notwithstanding those who bred
and used them were warm in praise of their utility.

Among a voluminous mass of treatises on agricul-
ture and rural economy, published in that country for
near a century past, scarce a line can be found devoted
to the mule ; except by Dr. Anderson, who, in his
" Recreations in Agriculture," has made a few judi-
cious remarks on the subject.

In Sir George Staunton's account of Lord Macart-
ney's embassy to China, we are told that mules are
valued in that economical empire at a much higher
price than horses. In our own country, prior to the
war of the revolution, a few Jacks of an ordinary kind
were imported ; a small number of mules bred ; and
all exported to the West Indies. I have reference to
New England, as I am not aware that any attention
was paid to the system in the middle, or Southern
States, though it is not improbable that some valuable
mules may have been raised by the farmers and plan-
ters for their own use. When peace took place, the
price of mules in the West Indies excited attention to
the breeding of them, which was principally confined
to Connecticut ; and several cargoes of the small
race of Jacks were imported from the Cape de Verd
Islands, and St. Michael's, one of the Azores. It
should be observed, that the exportation of Jacks from
Spam or any of her colonies, was strictly prohibited,
and continued to be until after the peninsular war. —
There might have been, however, a few smuggled,

174 MULES.

from the Spanish part of Hispaniola into Cape Fran-
cois, and from thence introduced, but they were vastly
inferior to the Spanish Jacks. From this miserable
stock a system of breeding mules commenced, the best
calculated to deteriorate any race of animals that has
been, or could be devised, since their creation. The
purchaser of a Jack when about to commence mule
dealer, made little inquiry concerning him but of his
capacity to propagate a mule. He placed him in a
district where there was the greatest number of mares
of qualities so inferior that their colts would not com-
pensate their owners for the expense of taking them
to a horse, and contracted to purchase their mules at
four months old. Those are kept in herds, with pre-
carious shelter in winter, having ample opportunities
afforded them, to mature and transfer that propensity
for kicking, which seems at first merely playful, into
an habitual means of defence, to be exercised when
the biped or any other race of animals approach them.
In this kicking seminary they remain two years, and
are then driven to market. At subsequent periods, a
few Jacks of higher grades were procured, from which
a small number of good sized mules were bred, and a
few of them broke. The breed of Jacks have some-
what improved, and mule dealers are now located in
most of the New England States and some parts of
New York. But the system as above detailed, with
few exceptions, has continued ; and it is from such a
race of Jacks and such a system of breeding and
management, that the mules have been produced, with
which the farmers and planters of Maryland, Virginia,
and the Southern States, have been supplied from
New England ; and such have furnished a criterion for
a great portion of our countrymen to form an estimate
of the value and properties of this degraded animal.

MULUS. 175

It affords great pleasure to be enabled, for a short
time at least, to pursue our investigations in a higher
sphere.

Several of my friends who had viewed the Jacks
and mules, at Mount Vernon, in the life time of Ge-
neral Washington, gave such glowing descriptions ol
them, and understanding that part of that stock was
inherited by George W. P. Custis, Esq. I was induced
to address a few queries to him on this subject ; this
gentleman with his characteristic urbanity, very
promptly furnished replies, with liberty to make such
use of them as I pleased, and I cannot do better than
to transcribe them from a letter received about three
years since. Mr. Custis observes:

" The Royal Gift and Knight of Malta, were sent
to General Washington about the year 1787 — the Gift
with a Jennet a present from the King of Spain ; and
said to have been selected from the royal stud. The
Knight I believe was from the Marquis de Lafayette,
and shipped from Marseilles. The Gift was a huge
and ill shapen Jack, near sixteen hands high, very
large head, clumsy limbs, and to all appearance little
calculated for active service ; he was of a grey colour,
probably not young when imported, and died at
Mount Vernon but little valued for his mules, which
were unwieldly and dull. The Knight was of a mo-
derate size, clean limbed, great activity, the fire and
ferocity of a tiger, a dark brown, nearly black colour,
white belly and muzzle ; could only be managed by
one groom, and that always at considerable personal
risk. He lived to a great age, and was so infirm to-
wards the last as to require lifting. He died on my
estate in New Kent, in the State of Virginia, about
1802 or 1803. His mules were all active, spirited,
16*

176 MULES.

and serviceable ; and from stout mares attained con-
siderable size.

" General Washington bred a favourite Jack called
Compound, from the cross of Spanish and Maltese.
The Knight upon the imported Spanish Jennet. This
Jack was a very superior animal ; very long bodied,
well set, with all the qualities of the Knight, and the
weight of the Spanish. He was sire of some of the
finest mules at Mount Vernon, and died from accident.
The General bred mules from his best coach mares,
and found the value of the mule to bear a just propor-
tion to the value of the dam. Four mules sold at the
sale of his effects, for upwards of $800 r and two
more pairs at upwards of $400 each pair ; one pair
of these mules were nearly sixteen hands high. The
only Jacks I know of at present, of the genuine Mount
Vernon stock, are, one sold by me to Judge Johnson,
of South Carolina, for five hundred dollars, at two
years old; one given by me to William Fitzhugh,
Esq. of Raverisworth, and one which I believe is pos-
sessed by my uncle, Geore Calvert, Esq. of Rivers-
dale.

" The Jack purchased by Judge Johnson, I have
understood, has a very high reputation in trie South.

"Upon losing my groom (Peter) who was the first
and last groom to the Mount Vernon Jacks, I parted
with my stock.

" There are many Jacks that have come into the
country of late years, but of their value and proper-
ties I am unable to speak, though I rather presume they
are generally small, and only fitted to get mules for
the cotton cultivation in the light lands of the South.
Some very fine mules are raised about Hagerstown,
Maryland, from Jacks of the old breed ; they are
bred from stout wagon mares.

MULES. ITt

" As to my opinion of the value of mules, I shall
always appear extravagant. I have scarce a horse on
my estates for agricultural purposes, nor would I ac
cept of one as a gift, (except for road wagons,) of which
I have no need, as my property lies on navigable
water. Nothing ever was so good as mules for the
uses of this, our southern country ; they live longer, eat
less, and above all, are better suited to our slaves, than
any other animal could possibly be: their strength,
patient endurance of privation and hardships, slender
pasturage, exposure — and in short, all those ills to
which animals are subject where slaves are their
masters, give to mules a decided preference in all the
agricultural States of the South.

" I do not know of any being trained to the pur-
poses of pleasure carriages. They are often ridden,
and go pleasantly, with great surety of foot. I have
no doubt but that in time, they will generally be used
for carriages, and would particularly suit mail coaches;
they are very swift, and have great durability in
travelling."

The Knight of Malta, mentioned by Mr. Custis, was
unquestionably the first Maltese Jack ever brought to
the United States. The second came in the frigate
Constitution, on her return I think, from her first cruise
in the Mediterranean ; and I have understood was sold
in the district of Columbia, or one of the adjoining
States. Since that time a number have been intro-
duced by officers of the navy from Malta, and the large
Spanish breed from Minorca and Majorca. From the
Mount Vernon and those stocks, some fine mules have
been bred in the middle States, and probably farther
South. A few valuable Maltese Jacks have been
imported in merchant ships.

J 78 MULES.

The impressions received, when on a visit to the
West Indies in my youth, by observing, on the sugar
plantations, the severe labour performed by mules in
cane mills, induced me when I commenced farming,
to purchase the first well broke mule I could light on ;
and notwithstanding he was so small as to require a
vehicle and harness constructed purposely for him, his
services were found so valuable, and the economy of
using those animals so evident, that I was stimulated
to great exertions for procuring several others of
larger size; in this I succeeded, after great difficulty,
to such an extent, as to have had more labour per-
formed by them on farm and road, for thirty years
past, than any pesron I presume, in New England ;
and every day's experience has served to fortify my
conviction of the superior utility of the mule over the
horse, for all the purposes for which I have proposed
him as a candidate. And it should be considered, that
those I have used were of an ordinary breed, vastly
inferior to such as may be easily produced in our
country, by attention to the introduction of a suitable
race of Jacks, and a proper system of breeding and
management. The question occurs, how is this to be
effected ? I will premise, that there exists a strong
analogy between three varieties of the horse, and those
of the domestic ass, considered the most valuable. We
have the Arabian, the hunter, and the stout cart-horse.
There is the heavy Spanish Jack, with long slouching
ears, which Mr. Custis^ has described, that answers to
the cart-horse ; another Spanish breed called the Anda-
lusian, with ears shorter and erect, of tolerable size,
plenty of bone, active, more spirited, and answering
to the hunter. Then comes the Arabian Jack, with
ears always erect, of a delicate form, fine limbs, and
full of fire and spirit. Judicious crosses from these

MULES. 179

varieties, will be required to produce such kind of
mules as may be wanted for general purposes. From
the small Jack of African origin, with a list down his
back and shoulders, are bred a small race of mules,
by far the most hardy of any. With attention to
selection in breeding the Jacks, with, perhaps, a dash
of some cross of the foregoing description, a stock ot
mules may be produced, preferable to all others for
the light lands and cotton culture of the middle and
Southern States.

To procure any number of Arabian Jacks from
their native country, is hardly practicable at the pre-
sent time. Egypt has been celebrated by Sonnini
and other travellers, for superb Jacks of the Arabian
breed, which probably has been often improved by
those introduced by the pilgrims from Mecca. I ap-
prehend no great difficulty in obtaining them from that
country. There is, however, no question but the
Maltese Jacks are of the Arabian race, more or less
degenerated. The most of those brought to this
country that I have seen, were selected on account of
their size, and had been used to the draught. I should
recommend the selection of those that are esteemed
most suitable for the saddle, as likely to possess greatei
purity of blood. A Jack of this kind, was a number
of years since imported from Gibraltar, that had been
selected by a British officer at Malta ; and very much
resembled the Knight of Malta described by Mr.
Custis. I found upon a careful examination, that he
differed but little from the description I had heard and
read of the true Arabian race ; indeed I could dis-
cover some prominent points and marks, that agreed
with those found by professor Pallas to belong to the
Hemionus or wild mule of Mongalia. From this Jack
have bred a stock, out of a large Spanish Jennet ol

180 MULES.

the Andalusian breed, that correspond very minutely
with Mr. Custis's description of Compound bred by
General Washington, and also a mule, that now, not
three years old, stands fifteen hands, and has other
points of great promise.

Such have been the ravages of war and anarchy in
Spain for a long time past, that the fine race of Jacks
that country once possessed have become almost ex-
tinct. In Majorca, and probably some part of the
coast of Spain opposite, the large breed may be ob-
tained ; and there formerly was a superior race in
Andalusia, which it is hoped have been preserved. —
Crosses on one of these breeds by the Arabian or Mal-
tese, I consider indispensable to furnish a race of Jacks
for the production of the most desirable mules, uniting
the weight and bone of one, with the spirit and vigour
of the other, although their height will in a great mea-
sure depend on the mares, yet if sired by full blooded
Maltese Jacks, their limbs are too slender and their
pasterns too long for heavy draught; but for the
saddle, especially from blood mares, they are admira-
ble, and out of stout mares suitable for light carriages.

My attention has been but lately directed to breed-
ing mules ; and those intended only for my own use.
The system adopted is to halter them at four months,
and have the males emasculated before six months old,
which has great influence on their future conduct, aud
is attended with much less hazard and trouble, than if
delayed until they are one or two years old, as is the
general practice. If they are treated gently and fed
occasionally out of the hand, with corn, potatoes, &c.
they soon become attached ; and when they find that
" every man's hand is not against them," will have no
propensity to direct their heels against him, and soon
forget they have the power. In winter they should

MULES. 181

be tied up in separate stalls, and often rubbed down.
By such treatment there is not more danger of having
a vicious mule than a vicious horse ; and I am deci-
dedly of opinion, that a high spirited mule so managed
and well broke, will not jeopardize the lives or limbs
of men, women, or children by any means so much as
a high spirited horse, however well he may have been
trained.

The longevity of the mule has become so proverbial,
that a purchaser seldom inquires his age. Pliny gives
an account of one, taken from Grecian history, that
was eighty years old ; and though past labour, followed
others, that were carrying materials to build the temple
of Minerva, at Athens, and seemed to wish to assist
them ; which so pleased the people, that they ordered
he should have free egress to the grain market. Dr.
Rees mentions two that were seventy years old in
England. I saw myself in the West Indies a mule
perform his task in a cane-mill, that his owner assured
me was forty years old. I now own a mare mule
twenty-five years old, that I have had in constant work
twenty-one years, and can discover no diminution in
her powers ; she has within a year past often taken
upwards of a ton weight in a wagon to Boston, €
distance of more than five miles. A gentleman in my
neighbourhood has owned a very large mule about
fourteen years, that cannot be less than twenty-eigh>*
years old. He informed me a few days since, that he
could not perceive the least failure in him, and would
not exchange him for any farm horse in the country.
And I am just informed, from a source entitled to
perfect confidence, that a highly respectable gentleman
and eminent agriculturist, near Centreville, on the
Eastern Shore of Maryland, owns a mule that is

MULES.

thirty-five years old, as capable of labour as at any
former period.

The great Roman naturalist, in one of the most
beautiful passages of his elaborate history of nature,
observes that " the earth is constantly teased more to
furnish the .luxuries of man than his necessities."* —
We can have no doubt but that the remark applied
with great justice to the habits of the Romans in the
time of Pliny; and I am muoh mistaken if ample
proofs cannot be adduced, that it will lose none of its
force or truth, at this present period, in all northern
climates, or any section of the United States where
the horse is employed for agriculture as well as for
pleasure. Far be it from me, however, to disparage
this noble animal ; on the contrary, I feel a strong
attachment for him, and at the same time a full convic-
tion, that the substitution of the mule, for the purposes
before stated, as extensively as may be consistent with
the requisite production of each species, will have the
effect of restoring the horse to the station from which
he has been degraded, and place him as in former
ages, upon a more dignified footing, an object of ac
knowledged luxury ; and thereby introduce a more

* " It is the earth that, like a kind mother receives us at our
birth, and sustains us when born. It is this alone, of all the ele-
ments around us, that is never found an enemy to man. The body
of waters deluge him with rains, oppress him with hail, and drown
him with inundations ; the air rushes on in storms, prepares the
tempest, or lights up the volcano ; but the earth, gentle and indul-
gent, ever subservient to the wants of man, spreads his walks with
flowers, and his table with plenty ; returns with interest every good
committed to her care, and though she produces the poison, she
still supplies the antidote, though constantly teased more to furnish
the luxuries of man, than his necessities, yet even to the last, she
continues her kind indulgence, and when life is over, she piously
lades his remains in her bosom."

Pliny's Natural History, Book II. Chap. 63.

MULES. 183

correct system of breeding and management, in which
our countrymen are so generally deficient, consequently
more perfect animals and such an advance in the price
of them, that will afford the farmer what he is now a
stranger to — such remuneration as will make his brood
mares a profitable species of stock. And it is obvious
that the system will be followed by an improvement in
the breed of mules, in the same ratio as the miserable
race of scrub mares, which are now consuming the
profits of agriculture, shall become extinct.

It does not appear that the horse was employed by
the ancients for any purpose of husbandry. The ox and
ass drew the plough and the wain, and performed all
kinds of drudgery until after the feudal system was
established in Europe, when the numerous retainers of
the feudal lords, who held their lands by the tenure of
performing knight's service, found themselves under
the necessity of making the horses they were obliged
to keep, contribute towards their support in the culti-
vation. From this time I believe, we may date, and
from this cause may be attributed the introduction of
the horse for the purposes of agriculture. Since that
period, the history of Europe is little else than the
annals of war and its preparations ; and no material
for that scourge, except the deluded human victims,
seems more necessary than the horse — accordingly we
find that throughout the whole country, from the Rhine
or the Seine, to beyond the Danube and Vistula, which
has been the principal arena, the system of agriculture
has embraced, extensively, the breeding of horses of
different grades and forms adapted to the several uses
in war. Indeed whole provinces were appropriated
almost exclusively to the rearing those animals for
disposal to the different combatants ; and it must be
17

184

MULES.

obvious, that their general use in husbandry, at the
same time, would follow as a necessary consequence.
It cannot be expected therefore, but that the Dutch
and Germans who have emigrated to our country,
should bring with them such strong predilections for
the horse, which have continued with most of their
descendants, especially in those sections where com-
munities of that respectable and industrious portion of
our population have been located. In Great Britain,
to the causes which have produced the effects described
on the continent, may be added the insular position
of the United Kingdoms, vulnerable from numberless
and distant points, the horse Has been considered, in
connexion with the unconquerable spirit of the nation,
as one of the most efficient means of repelling inva-
sion: a circumstance that would of itself be sufficient
to account for the over-weaning attachment to this
animal. But identified as his services have been for a
long period, with the convenience, sports, and recrea-
tions, of all ranks and classes, and the science of
breeding and training, forming a characteristic feature,
it could not excite surprise, if the approach of that
terrible spectre famine, should produce little or no effect
in the reduction of the number. And although some
of the most distinguished characters in the nation,
eminent for their practical knowledge in rural econ-
omy, have been for half a century advocating the
substitution of the ox for the purposes of agriculture,
and demonstrating the feasibility, economy, and vast
saving of food, yet it is said the number of labouring
oxen have lately diminished and horses increased.
Five millions of the latter are now supposed to subsist
in the United Kingdom, and two-thirds employed in
husbandry — consuming, at a moderate estimate, the

MULES. 185

product of twenty millions of highly cultivated acres !*
And what is the consequence ? consumption follows so
close upon supply, that at every season of harvest, let
the preceding one be never so abundant, fast sailing
vessels are found in the various ports, with their anchors
atrip, to convey intelligence of the result, to all parts
of the world where a surplus of bread corn is grown —
exciting such an interest in our own country, that the
farmer on the shores of Erie and Ontario, and on the
banks of the Ohio, may be seen reading bulletins of
British weather — the rain and sunshine of every day
in August and the two following months — often within
thirty days after the time of their publication in London
or Liverpool. Can it be supposed that in a country
where an attachment to the horse borders so nearly
upon infatuation, that the question of the utility of the
mule as a substitute, would be seriously agitated, or
engage scarce a momentary investigation ?

In no country is the mule better adapted to all the
purposes of husbandry, for which the horse is used,
than in every section of our own. And it would be
highly desirable to be able to exhibit a calculation of
the actual saving, in dollars and cents, by his employ-
ment— but unfortunately no correct data can be had.
And as I consider such calculations, unless founded
upon experimental facts, and those multiplied, to be as
" tinkling cymbals," I shall merely submit a desultory

* Mr. Pitt, in an able " Essay on the consumption of corn,"
published by the Beard of Agriculture, in 1806, estimates that
each draught horse, employed on roads, canals, and mines, in
pleasure carriages of all descriptions, and carts in cities, consume
the average product of four acres for oats and beans, and three
acres for hay. It is stated in the same essay, that " the aggregate
ef oats imported into England (only) for twenty years, ending in
1797, amounted to the enormous quantity of 8,655,046 quarters'1 —
upwards of sixty-nine millions of bushels .'

186

MULES.

comparison between the mule and the horse, derived
from such facts as my own experience, and information
from authentic sources, will justify the assumption of.

From what has been stated respecting the longevity
of the mule, I think it may be fairly assumed, that he
does not deteriorate more rapidly after twenty years
of age, than the horse after ten, allowing the same
extent of work and similar treatment to each. The
contrast in the mule's freedom from malady or disease,
compared with the horse, is not less striking. Arthur
Young, during his tour in Ireland, was informed that
a gentleman had lost several fine mules by feeding
them on wheat straw cut — and I have been informed
that a mule dealer, in the western part of New York,
attributed the loss of a number of young mules, in a
severe winter, when his hay was exhausted, to feeding
them exclusively on cut straw and Indian corn meal.
In no other instance have I ever heard or known of a
mule being attacked with any disorder or complaint,
except two or three cases of inflammation of the intes-
tines, caused by gross neglect in permitting them to
remain exposed to cold and wet, when in a high state of
perspiration after severe labour, and drinking to excess
of cold water. From his light frame and more cautious
movements, the mule is less subject to casualties than
the horse. Indeed, it is not improbable, but a farmer
may work the same team of mules above twenty years
and never be presented with a farrier's bill, or find it
necessary to exercise the art himself.

Sir John Sinclair, in his " Reports on the Agricul-
ture of Scotland," remarks that " if the whole period
of a horse's labour be fifteen years, the first six may
be equal in value to that of the remaining nine: there-
fore, a horse of ten years old after working six years

MULES. 187

may be worth half his original value.'* He estimates
the annual decline of a horse to be equal to fifty per
cent, on his price every six years, and supposes one out
of twenty-five that are regularly employed in agricul-
ture, to die every year : constituting a charge of four
per cent, per annum for insurance against diseases and
accidents. He considers five acres of land, of medium
quality, necessary for the maintenance of each horse,
and the annual expense, including harness, shoeing,
farriery, insurance, and decline in value, allowing him
to cost two hundred dollars, to exceed that sum about
five per cent, which is the only difference between the
estimate of this illustrious and accurate agriculturist,
and that of a respectable committee of the Farmers*
Society of Barnwell district, South Carolina, who, in
a report published in the Charleston Courier, of 23d
of February last, state, that " the annual expense ot
keeping a horse is equal to his value !" The same
committee also state, that " at four years old a horse
will seldom sell for more than the expense of rearing
him." That " the superiority of the mule over the
horse, had long been appreciated by some of their
most judicious planters — that two mules could be
raised at less expense than one horse — that a mule is
fit for service at an earlier period, if of sufficient size —
will perform as much labour, and if attended to when
first put to work, his gait and habits may be formed to
suit the taste of the owner." This report may be con-
sidered a most valuable document, emanating as it
does, from enlightened practical fanners and planters,
in a section of country where we may suppose a horse
can be maintained cheaper than in Maryland or any
State farther North.

J am convinced that the small breed of mules will
consume less in proportion to the labour they are
17*

188 MULES.

capable of performing, than the large race, bu*t I shall
confine the comparison to the latter — those that stand
from fourteen and a half to rising of fifteen hands,
and equal to any labour that a horse is usually put to.
From repeated experiments in the course of two win-
ters, I found that three mules of this description, that
were constantly at work, consumed about the same
quantity of hay, and only one fourth the provender
that was given to two middling sized coach horses
moderately worked. And from many years' attentive
observation, I am led to believe that a large sized mule
will not require more than three-fifths to two-thirds
the food to keep him in good order, that will be
necessary for a horse performing the same extent of
labour. Although a mule will work and endure on
such mean and hard fare, that a horse would soon give
out upon, he has an equal relish for that which is good ;
and it is strict economy to indulge him, for no animal
will pay better for extra keep, by extra work. But if
by hard fare, or hard work, he is reduced to a skeleton,
two or three weeks' rest and good keeping will put
him in flesh and high condition for labour. I have
witnessed several such examples with subjects twenty
years old ; so much cannot be said of a horse at that
age. The expense of shoeing a mule the year round,
does not amount to more than one-third that of a horse,
his hoofs being harder, more horny, and so slow in
their growth, the shoes require no removal, and hold
on till worn out — and the wear, from the lightness of
the animal, is much less.

In answer to the charge generally prevalent against
the mule, that he is " vicious, stubborn and slow," I
can assert, that out of about twenty that have been
employed on my estate, at different periods during a
course of thirty years, and those picked up chiefly on

MULES. 189

account of their size and spirit, wherever they could
be found, one only had any vicious propensities, and
those might have been subdued by proper management
when young. I have always found them truer pullers
and quicker travellers with a load, than horses. Their
vision and hearing is much more accurate. I have
used them in my family carriage, in a gig, and under
the saddle : and have never known one to start or run
from any object or noise : a fault in the horse that
continually causes the maiming and death of numbers
of human beings. The mule is more steady in his
draught and less likely to waste his strength than the
horse : hence more suitable to work with oxen ; and as
he walks faster, will habituate them to a quicker gait. —
But for none of the purposes of agriculture does his
superiority appear more conspicuous than ploughing
among crops, his feet being smaller and follow each
other so much more in a line, that he seldom treads
down the ridges or crops. The facility of instructing
him to obey implicitly the voice of his driver or the
ploughman, is astonishing. The best ploughed tillage
land 1 ever saw, I have had performed by two mules
tandem, without lines or driver.

There is one plausible objection often uiged against
the mule, that " on deep soils and deep roads, his feet
being so much smaller than those of the horse, sink
farther in ; but it should be considered that he can
extricate them with as much greater facility.

Few can be ignorant of the capacity of the mule to
endure labour in a temperature of heat that would be
destructive to the horse, who have any knowledge of
the preference for him merely on that account, in the
West Indies, and in the Southern States.

It is full time to bring our comparison to a close,
which I shall do by assuming the position, that the

190 MULES.

<V, ..;•-! "y-i -.f „•;• .T- .; -. -,?_>» "^i'^j

farmer who substitutes mules for horses, will have
this portion of his animal labour performed, with the
expense of one spire of grass instead of two ; which
may be equal, so far, to making " two spires grow
where one grew before." For although a large sized
mule will consume somewhat more than half the food
necessary for the horse, as has been observed, yet if we
take into account the saving in expense of shoeing,
farriery, and insurance against diseases and accidents,
we may safely affirm, that a clear saving of one half
can be fully substantiated. But in addition to this, the
mule farmer may calculate, with tolerable certainty,
upon the continuation of his capital for thirty years :
whereas the horse farmer at the expiration of fifteen
years, must look to his crops, to his acres, or a bank,
for the renewal of his — or perhaps, what is worse, he
must commence horse jockey at an early period.

The intense interest with which the public mind is
at present occupied on the subject of canals now in
operation and progress, encourages me to offer the
mule as an important auxiliary in the economy of their
management : as I trust, it will not be denied, that on
the cheapness of transportation on them, depends their
utility as well as profit to the stockholders. The mule
seems so peculiarly adapted for the labour on canals,
that compared with the horse, he may be considered
almost equal to a locomotive power engine. Among
the advantages we have enumerated respecting his use
in husbandry, the most of which are applicable to canal
labour, that of the much greater security from diseases
and casualties, which must necessarily require a great
number of supernumerary horses, to prevent interrup-
tion in the line of passage, is not the least important,
nor is the very trifling expense at which the mule can
be supported during the winter months, as he will bear

MULES. 101

being taken off his feed till the boats are about to be
launched in the spring, and in a few days can be made
fit for efficient duty — while a horse will require at least
half feed if he does nothing, or must be fed high for
some time before he can resume the labour that will
be demanded of him. The same advantages 'may be
derived by his employment on railways.

In a communication published in the Utica Observer,
the 16th of May, inst. by Henry Seymour, Esq. one of
the canal commissioners of New York, it is stated that a
packet boat on the Erie Canal, requires a team of three
horses to tow sixteen miles, going eighty miles in the
twenty-four hours, including stoppages and detention
at locks ; the relays demanding fifteen horses for each
nautical day. If it takes five days for a boat to be
towed from Lake Erie to the Hudson, seventy-five
horses will be required. I am not certain but it may
be done in a less time, but as there must always be
supernumeraries kept, we shall be within bounds to
estimate that number. In the same communication the
expense of each horse is estimated at fifty cents per
day, I presume for subsistence only, without reference
to interest or deterioration of capital, for the object
of the estimate seems merely to show a comparison
between the packet boats and freight boats, on a ques-
tion of profit and loss : as it is remarked that "many
contingent expenses might be added to both." Taking
this data, it will cost thirty-five dollars per day for the
horse subsistence of a single packet boat. The freight
boats require two, and allowing for the time occupied
in taking in and discharging their cargoes, with the
other necessary detentions, average forty miles per
day — which being double the time of the packet boats,
although they may not require the same number of
relays, the expense cannot materially differ. From

192 MULES.

these premises we may conclude, that for every boat
navigating the grand Erie Canal, there must be ex-
pended three hundred and seventy-five dollars for the
subsistence of the horses, each time they tow her from
the Lake to the Hudson and back.* Now, if this can
be done as effectually by mules for one half this sum,
and with an extension of capital free of interest, fifteen
years longer than that vested in horses, the aggregate
of this immense saving will appear by ascertaining
the number of boats at the present time on the canal.
But this is out of my power, and I should, perhaps,
lead the reader nearer the verge of incredulity, were
I to offer my prediction what that number will be
thirty years hence, the ordinary period of a mule's
labour, and which will then be some years less than a
single century since the prime mover and guardian
of this stupendous undertaking, the present Governor
(De Witt Clinton) of New York, first saw the light
of Heaven.

I cannot resist an impulse to exhibit the mule in one
other point of view. For the movement of machinery,
the employment of this animal, when judiciously
selected, has met with a most decided preference, in
comparison with the horse, independent of the eco-
nomy in using him. And if we consider the rapid
and probably progressive increase of labour-saving
machines, in every department where they can be
made subservient to the requirements of society, it is

* This estimate (three hundred and seventy-five dollars} is the
maximum of expense for subsistence and other items, supposing
the whole number of horses should be required for one boat ; but
they will unquestionably be employed for a succession of other
boats. And should all the relays perform a tour on the line every
day, the minimum of expense would be seventy-five dollars for each
boat. Facts derived from further information may enable us to fix
the medium

MULES. 1 93

evident that there will be a corresponding demand for
animal power, as well as for that more potent, derived
from the elements ; and although tne latter may vastly
predominate, yet should the horse be employed, and
his increase for other purposes continue, as it now
does in the ratio of population, the number, at no very
distant period, may become as alarming in our own,
as it is at present in our mother country. And not-
withstanding we may feel secure, from the extent of
our territory and extreme diversity of soil and climate,
but, above all, from being in possession of Indian
corn — the GOLDEN FLEECE found by our "pilgrim
fathers," when they first landed on these shores ; yet
such peculiar advantages may not insure us against the
visitations of one of the most distressing calamities
that a feeling community can possibly be subjected to.
Brighton, Mass. May 27, 1825.

APPENDIX

TO

MASON'S FARRIER;

CONTAINING

OBSERVATIONS AND RECEIPTS

FOR THE

CURE OF MOST OF THE COMMON DISTEMPERS,

INCIDENT TO

HORSES, OXEN, COWS, CAL.VES, SHEEP,
LAMBS, SWINE, BOOS, &c. &c.

SELECTED FROM VARIOUS AUTHOR?

18

APPENDIX

OF THE DISEASES OR THE HORSE.

1. The diseases of the horse are as numerous and as
important as his complicated structure and the artifi-
cial state of his present mode of life would lead one
to expect. Until of late the treatment of these
diseases was confined to the hands of ignorant farriers,
presumptuous grooms, or shoeing smiths ; and the fate
of the animals was commensurate with the wretched
treatment they were subjected to. The establishment

198 DISEASES OF HORSES.

of a school for the veterinary art, has disseminated an
improved practice, and spread improved practitioners
throughout the country ; and we would earnestly re-
commend an application to one of established reputa-
tion in all cases of difficulty and danger. But as it is
not always that such a one is within reach, to enable
the agriculturalist to have in his own hands the means
of informing himself, or to being a check to others,
we submit a concise view of the diseases of the head,
neck, trunk, and extremities, preceded by some general
observations.

GENERAL REMARKS

On the Healthy and Diseased State of the Hon>e.

2. Condition of Horses. — Being in condition, in stable language,
signifies not only perfect health internally, but such an appear,
ance externally, as the philosopher would call unnatural, or at
least artificial : while the amateur considers it as an essential requi-
site to the other qualities of the horse. This external condition
is denoted by a sleek, short, shining coat, with a degree of flesh
neither bordering on fatness nor emaciation. Even in this sense of
the term, condition must be varied according to the uses of the
animal. In the cart horse, provided there be a sleekness of coat,
looseness of hide, sound wind, freedom from grease or swelled
legs, with good digestion ; a fulness.&nd rotundity of bulk, instead
of detracting from his beauty or impeding his exertions, will add
to the one and assist the other. In the coach horse, the hackney,
the hunter, and the racer, a different condition is expected, varying
in different degrees from that of the cart horse. In both cart horse
and racer, it is equally necessary that the various internal organs
should be in a state to act uninterruptedly for the benefit of the
whole ; but in addition to this, it is necessary to the racer, that
the greatest possible quantity of animal fibres should be condensed
into the smallest possible bulk, and that the absorption of all
useless fat and other interstitial matter should be promoted by every
possible means, as essentially necessary to unite lightness of body
with full strength and elasticity. It is in the attempts to produce
such a state in its full perfection, that all the secrets of training
consist: but whether a total departure from natural rules, by

DISEASES OF HORSES. 199

Unnatural heat, deprivation of "light, stimulating food, restraint
from water, and excessive clothing, are best calculated to promote
it, admits of much doubt ; and it is to be observed that the dawn
of reason and science appears to be shining through the crevices of
these darkened casements ; for even at Newmarket the system has
lately much relaxed from its artificial rigor.

3. To bring a horse into condition, not only should the purposes
he is intended for be taken into account, but also his previous*
state. If he be taken up from grass with much flesh on him, it i?
evident that what is required is to remove the soft instertitlal mat.
ter it may be supposed he has gained by green food, and to replacs
it by hard flesh ; and also to produce a sleekness of coat and beauty
of appearance. To accomplish these ends, the horse should be
accustomed to clothing and the full heat of the stable by degrees
only ; and also by degrees only to the meditated change of food ;
which is best done by mashes. In two or three days a mild dose
of physic may be given, during all which moderate exercise only
should be allowed, as walking, but which may be continued two
hours at a time. After the physic has set, begin to dress his coat,
increase his exercise and his food, and accustom him to an increase
of warmth. In four or five days time again mash him for two days
and give a second dose of physic, a little stronger than the first.
(123) After this still further increase his warmth, his exercise,
and his food, by which his belly will be taken up, his flesh will
harden and his coat begin to fall. A third dose of physic or urine
kails, &c. are only necessary in the training of hunters, &/c. and
even in these, a gradual increase of exercise, rather long continued
than violent, with proper food, will effect the end, if not so quickly,
more beneficially to the animal. To bring a lean horse into condi.
tion, a somewhat different plan should be pursued. If from grass,
still mash him for a day or two, by no means stint him in his water,
and with his mash let oats be also soaked. If oats be speared or
malted, it will produce flesh sooner. But even here, give the horse
moderate walking exercise, and if he be not too much reduced, add
a mild dose of physic to prevent his heels flying, or his getting
hide-bound by the increased food ; but if great emaciation forbid
the physic, give him nightly an alterative. (Vet. Pharm. 129, No. 1.1
As his appearance improves, gradually harden his food and increase
his exercise.

4. Diseased condition of horses. What has been already said
relates to that alteration from one state to another, neither being an

18*

200 DISEASES OF HORSES.

unhealthy one, which custom has rendered necessary ; thus a man
in training for running or fighting, and a man out of training, are
both considered equally healthy. But there are circumstances that
produce a morbid state of condition different from all these. It is
common to hear persons say " my horse is sadly out of condition,
and I cannot tell either what is the matter with him, or how to get
him into better case." Various are the causes that may produce
this : a sudden alteration of the food, or temperature, or of habits
altogether, may become a cause. Removing a horse from grass to
a heated stable, full feeding, and hard exercise, will often do it :
therefore these changes should always be gradual. Bad food, as
mow-burnt hay, musty oats, beans, &c., likewise mineral waters,
foul air, &.C., are frequent causes. Diabetes, or profuse staling,
is often brought on by these means, and the condition of the horse
becomes greatly reduced. It is requisite, therefore, to enquire
whether any of these errors are in existence, and to immediately
remove them : but it often happens that the stomach has become
relaxed and the hide become bound ; neither of which readily
remove, even though the original evil may be amended. When the
relaxed stomach has produced lampas, treat the mouth as described
under that disease (25,) but the stomach itself must be principally
attended to. — First mash and give a dose of physic ; after it has
sc.t, com?nence the treatment, if the horse be of a full habit, by
moderate bleeding and a nightly alterative. (Vet. Pharm. 129,
No, 1 or 2.) Buf if he be not in full, but in low flesh, commence
by a daily tonic, (Vet. Pharm. 130, No. 1 or 2,) which will gradu-
ally remove the swelling within the mouth, and loosen the hide.
A sudden cold applied to the skin often brings on a want of con-
dition with surfeit. In which case, bleeding, with nightly altera-
tive, (Vet. Pharm. 129, No. 1 or 2,) with or without an assistant
dose of physic, as the habits of the horse may require, constitute
the proper treatment. Worms form another cause of morbid con-
dition which are to be removed as described (57.) Excessive fatigue
is also productive of a bad state of condition, which often proves
very obstinate. Turning out to very good grass is the quickest
care, and when that is impracticable, soiling in the stable, or
feeding with carrots, parsnips, beet root, &c. will be food restora-
tives ; as medicines give tonics daily. (Vet. Pharm. 130, No. 1 or 2.)
It will be only necessary to add, that in considering the state, of a
horse's condition, the effect is apt to be mistaken for the cause, and
the symptoms for the disease. Hide-bound and lampas are not in
themselves any thing more than effects, or symptoms ; the former
being commonly, and the latter always dependent on a deranged

DISEASES OF HORSES. 20 1

state of the stomach : both are therefore to be treated accordingly.
Exactly the same will apply to all the other symptoms of morbid
condition.

Inflammatory Diseases of the Horse.

5. The inflammatory diseases of the horse are nu-
merous, but his fevers are few : a febrile state being
generally brought on by the inflammation of some
important organ. Inflammation may be considered as
general or diffused, and local or confined, and both
seem to arise from an affection of the blood vessels,
and perhaps from a peculiar state of the blood itself.

6. General or diffused inflammation constitutes fever
or extensive inflammatory affection, and appears to
consist in an increased action of the heart and arte-
ries, accompanied with an increase of heat. In some
instances where the fever is purely symptomatic, and
dependent on the inflammation of some important
organ, as the lungs, or the intestines, the circulation
appears retarded rather than increased, from interrup-
tion arising to its passage through the heart.

7. Local or confined inflammation is also dependent
on an affection of the blood vessels, but confined prin-
cipally to the blood vessels of the part affected. It is
betokened by redness in the skin, tumour or swelling,
heat and tenderness, with pain. Inflammations, both
diffused and local, are brought on by excitements, such
as over feeding, excessive heat, reaction produced aftei
cold, and the reaction produced by inordinate exertion.
Those more exterior, arise from injuries, the appli-
cation of improper substances, &c. Inflammations
terminate in various ways ; but it is to be remarked,
that in consequence of the very large circulatory
system of the horse, his febrile affections rage higher,

202 DISEASES OF HORSES.

and terminate sooner tnan in man. The usual ter-
mination of inflammatory affections in the horse, are
by resolution, effusion, suppuration, and gangrene.
Scirrhus is not at all a common termination of inflam-
mation in the horse.

8. Inflammation of the brain, (phrentis) brain fever, phrcnsy
fever, staggers, mad and sleepy. There are few diseases more
likely to be mistaken by inexperienced farriers than this ; it is not
to be wondered at, therefore, if indifferent persons should be led into
error by it. It appears in two forms, a violent frantic one, and a
sleepy lethargic one ; and the latter appearance is also common to a
disease, not dependent as this is, on idiopathic inflammation of the
brain ; but on a paralytic affection of the stomach, and thence it is
called stomach staggers. This latter affection, however, may be
distinguished from the former by attending to the colour of the eye-
lids, nose linings, mouth, &c. which in stomach staggers are usually
more yellow than red ; whereas in sleepy staggers, they are more
red than yellow. Inflammation of the brain shews itself in general
cases by disinclination to food and motion, drowsiness, accompanied
by a heaviness and closing of the eyelids, with moisture and red-
ness of them ; and also of the linings of the mouth and nose.
Sometimes these symptoms increase, until the horse becomes
comatose, and after a few frightful struggles, sinks to rise no more.
la these cases the pulse is apt to be oppressed instead of in-
creased. But most frequently after the first stages he becomes
furious, plunges about, and is vicious to himself and others, ap-
proaching to a state of madness, in which state he continues till
he sinks from his own exertions, when he rises again to renew his
violence.

9. The cause of staggers may be various: the immediate are
either an original accumulation of blood within the brain, or the
translation of the inflammation of some organ to the brain: as a
remote cause is often brought on by too full feeding, without suf-
ficient exercise, and particularly in horses at one time working
very hard, and at another suffered to remain inactive ; but which
horses, whether used or not, are equally fed. Sudden cold, vio-
lence, &c. may bring it on.

10 The treatment of staggers should be begun by abstracting
a very large quantity of blood promptly, by opening botL jugulars,

DISEASES OF HORSES. 203

and letting the horse bleed to the amount of ten or even twelve
quarts; repeating the same until the delirium ceases. After the
first bleeding, back rake, throw up a laxative clyster, (Vet
Pharm. 143.) blister the head, promote a current of free air in the
stable, and treat altogether as directed under other febrile in-
fections.

11. Locked jaw, stag-evil, or tetanus, arises from cold, excessive
fatigue, sometimes perhaps from worms, but more often from a
wound of some part, as pricks in shoeing, &c. Such wound is
seldom in a recent state ; but after two or three weeks continuance,
sometimes after it has healed even : it follows docking, gelding
and nicking frequently; and is preceded by a flabby unhealthy
state of the wound. It appears as an affection of the brain, which
transmits its morbid irritation, particularly to the nerves attached
to muscles, by which they become cramped, or may be considered
as in a high state of action, giving the horse a peculiar look of
energy, as though immediately stopped from full speed ; with his
nostrils extended, his head raised, and his nose carried forward ;
his legs straddle wide, and his tail is cocked and quivers, as after
violent exercise. The jaws will now be found, if not closed, yet
nearly so, when he is called jaw set.

12. The treatment is not often successful, but, however, it is
sufficiently frequent that it is so, to deserve the utmost attention.
Blaine informs us that enormous bleedings have succeeded ; but
he places his principal dependence on the application of cold by
means of ice, or of constant dashing with cold water, with an active
blister applied the whole length of the spine. Balls of camphor
and opium, to the amount of two drachms each, may be given
every three hours. If any room remain in the mouth, the ball
may be passed up by means of a stick, or it may be given as a drink
by means of a syringe, and even when the mouth is entirely
closed, he informs us we may give a drink by the nostrils. Moor-
croft used cold also. Fearon, on the contrary, has experienced
benefit from a bath, heated to ninety degrees, and kept at that
temperature for three hours. White recommends camphor and
opium ; Wilkinson of Newcastle, has been very successful by
keeping up heat and stimulus over the skin in general, by means
of newly stripped sheep skins put on hot. Perhaps if the body
were previously rubbed with oil of turpentine one part, and common
oil two parts, it might assist Wilkinson's plan. When locked
»aw arises from nicking, it might be prudent for a veterinary

204 DISEASES OF HORSES.

surgeon to dissect down on the nerves of the tail, and divide
them ; and when from nicking, it would be advisaW.3 to cut off
another portion of the tail, which practices in both instances would
afford a moderate chance of saving the animal. It is necessary
further to remark, that it is of great consequence that the bowels
be kept free from faeces, by raking and clysters. With regard to
the latter they are very important in this disease, as a medium,
commonly the only one, of giving support. A horse has been
kept alive on nourishing clysters alone, for seven or eight days.
(Vet. Pharm. 145.)

13. Catarrhal fever, epidemic catarrh, influenza, distemper, cold,
viorfoundering. <f-c. These names apply to one common disease,
which often in rainy, variable seasons appears as an epidemic,
and affects thousands of horses at once. It is observed to be par-
ticularly prevalent in this form in the spring of some years, more
than of others. It is not contagious like the more malignant form,
but is brought on as an epidemic by the same causes being applied
to nearly all subjects alike; which are alterations of heat with
cold, moisture, and dryness, &c. In crowded cities and large
towns, it is more prevalent than in more open situations, and it
i« more frequently found in the young than in aged horses. Where
it does not exist as an epidemic, it is brought on by an accidental .,
cold taken. It is of great consequence to distinguish it from pure
inflammation of the lungs, with which it is very apt to be con-
founded ; and which mistake is often a fatal one, from the treat-
ment being in some essential particulars different. Inflammation
of the lungs commences by a short cough, without much other
disturbance to the health, than the pain it gives the horse to cough,
but which is often so considerable as to make hjm stamp his feet
while coughing. If a horse in the distemper coughs early, it is not
a hollow, harsh sounding, and distressing cough of this kind — if
he expresses uneasiness, it is principally from a sore throat, which
is very common in distemper, but by no means common in
pneumonia. The sore throat in distemper gives the horse a dis-
position to refuse his food, or he chews it and lets the quid fall
witnout swallowing it. He refuses water, particularly if it be
placed on the ground; .his cough is quick, short, and usually
sounds more moist than harsh and dry; but though common, this
is not invariably the ease ; his eyes are heavy and moist, his breathing
is quickened, and his ears and legs are alternately hot and cold.
His nose on looking into it is redder than usual, and sometimes
his glands, as well submaxillary or jaw glands, as his parotid or

DISEASES OF HORSES. 205

vives are tumefied. On the second or third day, excessive weakness
comes on ; the cough becomes more painful, the pulse is quick-
ened, and the nose begins to run. After which the horse either
runs off the disease by this suppuration, or it goes on to destroy
him by the height of the fever, and degree of weakness produced,
or by suffocation from water in the chest. Now and then, although
recovery takes place, an obstinate cough is left ; and in a few cases
the disease terminates in glanders.

14. The treatment may in some cases be cut very short ; for as
in almost every instance a shivering fit begins the disease, so when
many horses are in a stable, and the disease is very prevalent,
those who have not been attacked should be watched, and tho
moment such an attack does take place, give of sweet spirit of
nitre, or when not at hand of spirit of hartshorn, an ounce, in a pint
of sound ale. Exercise the horse briskly, then well hand rub
him, clothe him warmly; and it is more than probable that the
disease will be cut short. But should it proceed, or should the
disease have gone on unobserved to the appearance of the symp-
tom detailed, begin by bleeding moderately, if the horse be not
already weak ; or if there have not appeared the running of matter
from the nose. If there have, the bleeding had better be dispensed
with, unless the fever appear, from the quick full pulse and red-
ness of the inner surface of the nostrils and eyelids, to be still
so considerable as to require it ; in which case we must not be
deterred from one moderate bleeding ; and which, if the febrile
symptoms do not abate, may be even repeated. It will, however,
in general cases, be advisable to avoid bleeding after the second
day of the attack, or after the running has appeared from the nose,
or after considerable weakness has come on. In all cases a very
cool temperature is essentially requisite ; hot stables, or hot clothing
are very pernicious, but particularly the former. A hood is not
improper over the head, because it encourages the running to
make an early appearance ; and for this reason a warm mash may
advantageously be hung round the neck three or four times a
day. Before the running commences, give night and morning,
the fever powder (Vet. Pharm. 157, No. 1 or 2.) in a mash or
drink ; after the running has come on, or as soon as the weakness
has become considerable, give night and morning either of the
fever drinks. (Vet. Pharm. 158, No. 3 or 4.) Malt mashes, when
the weakness is great, are proper; at other times, bran mashes
with plenty of chilled water are best. To relieve the throat, rub
the outside with mild liquid plaster, (Vet. Pharm. 142,) and if the
weather be warm enough to allow it, two or three hours turning

206 DISEASES OF HORSES.

out in a field each day is proper. Green meat in the stable, when
it can be procured, should likewise be given.

15. Malignant epidemic, murrain, or pest. Now and then the dis-
temper or influenza assumes a character of uncommon malignance,
which is happily not frequent here, but not unfrequent in conti-
nental countries, sweeping off a third of the horses and kine,
without any means being found sufficient to arrest its progress.
In these cases it is found highly contagious, attacking almost all
the horses as well as cattle within its sphere of action, or which
communicate with each other. Dr. Layard, and Osmer, English
writers of established reputation, npticed the appearances of this
disease long ago ; and their descriptions are not different from the
milder kind noticed (13) but in degree. The throat is intensely
sore, and the mouth ulcerated ; the glands of the head swell, and
sometimes these and other parts suppurate and burst. The matter
from the nose is bloody, and the stench intolerable ; the weakness
is also peculiarly great, and shows itself early.

16. The treatment recommended by Elaine is the early use of
malt mashes ; even ale is indispensable. Green meat should be
allowed, and a very cool stall is necessary, having a free commu-
nication with the open air. As medicine, three doses are necessary,
every day, of the malignant ejfltiemic fever drink, (Vet. Ph. 160.;
half a pint of yeast with a pint of ale has been given, with good
effect, three times a day ; also, to prevent the infection from spread-
ing, fumigate the stables and all the outhouses with the preventive
fumigation. (Vet. Ph. 161.)

Diseases of the Head.

17. Epilepsy, megrims, sturdy, or turnsick, are epileptic attacks
of greater or less violence, and which are apt to be confounded
witb the accidental strangulation that sometimes takes place from
a collar too tight, or from driving a horse hard up hill, &c. The
epileptic fit makes its appearance by a sudden stop ; if the horse
be in action he shakes his head, looks wild and irresolute, but after
some time proceeds ; when more violent, he suddenly falls down,
is convulsed, dungs and stales insensibly, and remains some time
before he recovers. This disease, like staggers, is generally the
consequence of two full a habit ; and is, therefore, best relieved by
bleeding, and a more moderate diet ; and, where it is convenient,
a run at grass should be allowed to alter the habit.

18. The diseases of the horse's eyes are not numerous, but they
are very destructive. The principal are opthalmia and gutta
serena.

DISEASES OF HORSES. 207

19. The opthalmia, lunatic, or moon-blindness, is a very peculiar
disease among horses, affecting their eyes generally about their
full growth, but spmetimes later, and seldom earlier. It is but
little known among mules and asses, and unknown in oxen and
sheep. It does not, however, appear to be a disease natural to
the horse, as wild, or even horses subjected to artificial restraints
are not observed subject to it. But among others, it is become sc
common as to have the tendency handed down in the breed ; the
progeny of some stallions being more prone to it than others. —
It is often very sudden in its attack, the eyelids being found
swelled and almost closed to avoid the light ; they are also very
red within, and the haw is half drawn over the surface ; the tears
flow down the face perpetually, and the whole head is hot ; now and
then these appearances come on gradually. The suddenness of the
attack makes the complaint to be attributed to accident, as blows,
hay seeds within the eye, &c. and it is frequently difficult to get
the owner of such a horse to believe that a constitutional attack,
as it usually is, can come on so suddenly. Sometimes as it comes
on, so it goes off as quickly, the eye from being opaque and milky,
in twenty four hours becoming clear and almost well. When such
an attack has taken place, even if nothing be done, the horse
sooner or later amends, and the eye or eyes, for it^is sometimes
one and sometimes both that are so attacked, become again clear
and well, and remain so an indefinite period, from five or six weeks
to as many months. Another attack, however, sooner or later
follows, to which others succeed, each leaving increased milkiness
on the outer coats, and some dimness within the pupil, either speck-
like or diffused ; and finally the horse becomes blind from cataract.
When one eye goes blind totally before the other, it is often a
means of preventing the future attack on the remaining one ;
which has given rise to a custom of putting out one eye to save
the other, and which has succeeded. As this is a constitutional
disease, brought on by artificial habits, as over exertion, close
unhealthy confinement, and heating food ; so it is clear the abstrac-
tion of all these are necessary to remove the complaint, and to
prevent a recurrence ; but particularly the close, dark, and unven-
tilated state of the stable shoujd be attended to, as well as the
removal of the litter, which retains the volatile alkali of the urine,
and irritates the eyes most injuriously. The food should be mild
and cooling, and the exercise moderate but long continued. Under
the height of the attack, however, rest is advisable, with moderate
light, which may be still further moderated by keeping over the
eye or eyes a thick cloth, wet with goulard water. (Vet. Ph. 154.)
Sometimes one quarter of vinegar to three quarters of water has
19

208 DISEASES OF HORSES.

been found a useful application, and which ever is used, the eyes
and eyebrows should be kept continually wet with it, which by
exciting evaporation will keep the part coolv A seton may be
introduced under the eye or jaw. In some cases, blistering the
forehead or cheek is found useful ; but in every instance bleeding
is proper, which should be repeated until the disease lessens
When the horse is very full and gross, physic and alteratives assist
the cure. When blistering is used in any part near the eye, the
greatest care is requisite to prevent the blistering matter from being
rubbed into it.

20. Gutta Serena or glass eyes, so called from the peculiar
glassy appearance of the eye, arise from a paralysis of the optic
nerve. As the eye is not materially altered in appearance, a horse
often becomes blind without its being noticed, until his cautious
stepping, quick motion of his ears, &c. give notice of the case. —
On examination it will be found that the pupil remains dilated,
however great the light, and the eye is irrecoverably lost. In the
very early stages, blisters to the forehead and stimulants to the
eyes, (as white vitriol a drachm, water four ounces,) may be tried,
but with faint hopes of success.

21. Poll-evil. This complaint commonly requires the attend-
ance of an experienced practitioner — but the prevention is often in
the power of owners and others about horses, and to this point
we shall particularly direct their attention. Poll-evil is commonly
the effect of accident. Repeated small blows of the manger, or
continued pressure from hanging back on the halter, &c. will, if
not remedied, produce swelling at the nape of the neck, with
some tenderness. In this early state, if the collar be removed
and the part be kept continually wet with vinegar and water, the
swelling will often disperse — but if, in spite of this, it proceeds
to suppuration, let a vent be made for the matter by a seton [116]
so that it may readily flow out. Introduce nothing healing, but
encourage a free discharge, and it may heal at once. When such
is not the issue, the disease attacks the ligaments ; sinuses form,
and the matter burrows under the skin and muscles, when a
seton must be introduced from the opening above and should be
brought out at the bottom ; the seton should be then daily wetted
vvith the liquid blister. (Vet. Pharm. 141.) Should this plan fail,
escharotics will be required in the form of scalding mixture. (Vet.
Pharm. 165.)

22. Strangles, vives or ives. This disease has been likened to
the human measles, because -it usually attacks every horse, and

DISEASES OF HORSES. 209

most of them at a young period, between three and five years ; it
is fortunate when it attacks colts at grass, as it seldom occasions
inconvenience, and which has led some persons into error by
turning their horses out as soon as attacked ; but it is not found
that stabled horses, thus turned out, pass through the disease more
mildly, but the contrary, except the disease exists under its mildest
form. White has conjectured that colts breeding the strangles
while at grass, are afterwards exempt from glanders, but this wants
confirmation. Prosser has also affirmed, that inoculation by the
matter of strangles, is good, because it mitigates the complaint, and
renders the horse not liable to any future attack ; but the practice
has never gained ground : when strangles occurs in the stable, and
now and then in the field, it proves a severe disease, and shows
itself under the appearance of a cold, with cough, sore throat, and
swelling of the glands under the jaw, or behind and under the ears.
Some times there is not much external swelling, and the tumours
break inwardly, and nature effects a cure ; at others they break
outwardly, and the disease runs off that way, and some times the
swellings disperse either by nature or art, which breeders think
unfavourable, as they suppose it renders the animal liable to a future
attack ; but many so treated, pass the remainder of their lives
without more affection.

23. The treatment of Strangles. When the swelling lingers,
and neither conies forward or recedes, poultices are preferable to
fomentations, which, by leaving the horse wet, promote evapora
tion and produce cold. Peal recommends blistering the part, as
the best means of promoting suppuration. The horse should be
kept very cool, and bran mashes with warm water should be his
principal support, unless the complaint lasts long, and produces
much weakness, when malt mashes should be substituted ; bleeding
is only advisable when the early symptoms are violent, as heaving
at the flanks, extreme soreness of throat, with much swelling around
it, and considerable cough, in which case bleeding, and fever medi-
cines are proper.

24. Vives, or ivcs, is supposed to be a relic of the latter com
plaint, and it does appear now and then that after the strangles, the
parotid or vive glands do remain enlarged [24,] which occasions the
disease in question, resolution may be attempted by mercurial fiic-
tions, suppuration should be avoided, otherwise the gland may be
destroyed.

25. Diseases of the mouth, lampass. All horses, but particularly
verv young ones, are liable to enlargement of the rugae or ridges

210 DISEASES OP HORSES.

of the palate, dependent not on any local disease confined to tne
part itself, but occasionally by an affection of the whole passage of
the mouth, throat, and stomach. It is usual to attend to the part
only, which is sacrificed or burnt to little purpose, when a mild dose
of physic, or gentle alteratives, would prove more certain expedi-
ents ; to which may be added rubbing the part with bay salt, or
with vinegar.

26. Bridle sores. When the bit in colt breaking, or in hard
pulling horses, has hurt the bars, care is requisite to prevent the
bone becoming carious. Touch daily with segyptiacum, and cover
the bit with leather, unless total rest can be allowed.

27. The teeth, which present themselves on the lower parts of
the jaws, are the incisive and canine. The two front incisives are
properly called nippers or gatherers. The two next adjoining
separators or middle teeth, and the outer, the corners; but it
would be more indefinite to say the first, second, and third inci-
sives, beginning at the corner. Tusks or tushes occupy a part of
the intermediate space between the incisive and grinding teeth. —
The teeth, as criteria of age, will be seen by reference to Mason,
,(page72.) '

The teeth of the horse are the hardest and most compact bones
of the body. There are usually forty of them in the horse, and
there are thirty-six in the mare ; in which latter, the tushes are
usually wanting. In anatomical language, they are divided into
incisor es, cuspidati, and molares, or according to the language of
firriers and horsemen, into twelve nippers, four tushes, and twenty-
four grinders, which numbers are equally divided between the two
jaws. The teeth are received into indentations or sockets between
the bony plates of the jaw, called alveoli, by cone-like roots. The
bodies of the teeth are principally composed of two substances,
one of the nature of common bone, giving bulk and form, and one
of extreme hardness, placed in man and carnivorous animals wholly
without the teeth to give strength and durability : but the horse and
other granivrose, the latter particularly, is placed in the grinders,
in perpendicular plates, within the body of the teeth ; by which
contrivance, a rough grinding surface is kept up ; for the mere
bony parts wearing faster than the lamellae of enamel, it follows
that ridges remain to triturate the vegetable matter that passes be
tween the teeth.

There are two sets of teeth, a temporaneons or milk set, and a
permanent or adult set, in which wise provision, man and most

DISEASES OF HORSES. 211

brutes participate. The miik set are some of them, as the molars,
apparent at birth ; there being usually six grinders in each jaw,
three on each side in the new born foal, and which number of this
set is never increased. The nippers begin to appear soon after
birth, and follow a regular order of succession, until the animal is
three or four months old ; at which time he begins to require
support from herbage as well as milk. The temporaneous set re-
move gradually one after another ; had they all been displaced at
4ie same time, or even had several of them fallen out together, the
inimal must have suffered great inconvenience, and perhaps have
jeen starved. This removal, which commences at the age of two
fears and a half, and is completed between the fourth and fifth
/ear, is effected by the action of the absorbents on their fangs, and
Appears to be occasioned by the stimulus of the pressure received
from the growing teeth under them. For although these two sets
appear with an interval of some years between them ; yet the rudi-
ments of both are formed at nearly the same period, and both sets
may be thus seen in a dissected jaw. Regulated by the stimulus
of necessity, as soon as the temporaneous set falls out, the perma-
nent appears : and that such appearance follows the necessity, is
evident ; for a premature or accidental removal of the colts' teeth
is soon followed by the appearance of the others. Dealers and
breeders aware of this, draw the milk teeth to make their colts
appear as horses. It was necessary there should be two sets of
teeth, for as they grow slowly in proportion to the jaws, so had
there been but one only, the disproportion of growth between the
teeth and jaws must have separated them.

The forms of the teeth vary more than their structure. The inci
sive or nippers are round, which is favourable for the pressure they
undergo ; the upper more so than the lower. On the upper surface
a hollow is seen in the young tooth, which, not extending through
the whole substance, naturally wears out with the wear of the tooth ;
and as a considerable degree of regularity occurs in this wearing
away in all horses, it has gradually settled into the general criterion
of age. The nippers are not all of them exactly similar ; the corner
teeth differ most in being exactly triangular, and in having an
interval wall or side, which does not become level with the rest until
long after the others. The cuspidate tusks or tushes are permanent,
appearing at about five years, or rather earlier ; those in the front
jaw are usually nearer the nippers than those below. Each pre-
sents a slight curve, which follows the direction of all the canine
or pugnatory teeth of other mammalia. The pointed extremity
wears away by age, leaving merely a buttoned process, which may
19*

2 1 2 DISEASES OF HOUSES.

serve as a guide to the age, when the horse is suspected to ba
bishoped, as it is called, from a man of that name who was peculiarly
dexterous in imitating on old teeth the distinctive cavity of youth.
The molar or grinding teeth are stronger in the upper than in the
lower jaw ; which was necessary, as they form the fixed point in
the process of grinding. The upper surface presents nearly a long
square, indented from the alteration of the enamel with the bony
portions ; and as the interior or upper teeth hang over the posterior,
so the ridges of the one set are received into the depressions of the
other.

Wear of the teeth. The teeth, in a state of nature, would probably
present a surface opposed to each other for mastication to the latest
period of the most practised life ; but the removal of the animal
from moist food to that which is hard and dry, must occasion an
unnatural wear in those organs ; and hence, although the teeth of
the horse, even in a domesticated state, are not subject to the caries
of the human ; yet the grinders are liable to become thus injured
by continued exertion. In the young or adult horse, the upper and
under grinders do not meet each other horizontally ; on the con.
trary, they have naturally an inclination obliquely inwards, and
those of the upper jaw present small spaces between each other,
while those of the lower are more continuous : by which means as
the food, but particularly as interrupted portions, as grain, become
ground, they fall into the mouth to be replaced under the grinding
surface, if necessary, by the joint action of the tongue and muscles
of the cheek. This arrangement becomes in a great measure frus.
trated in old horses, by the superior wear of the inner surface of
the upper grinders, as well as by the general misapplication of the
surfaces of both upper and under teeth, by constant attrition when
worn down to the gums nearly. The unfortunate animal feels
sensible of this, and endeavours to remedy it by throwing the wear
on the outer edge, by an inclination of the lower jaw and of the
head in general ; and which is so particular in its appearance as to
engage the attention of the by-standers. This defect may be in a
considerable degree remedied by casting the animal, and having
opened and wedged the mouth so as to keep it so, with a well tem-
pered concave file to remove the inequality as much as may be.
When the defect is considerable, and the horse is mild and quiet, it
is better to file the inequalities every day, which will gradually but
effectually wear them down. It however happens, that the inclina-
tion thus to wear is commonly resumed, and gradually the same
loss of nutriment takes place ; in which case, soft moist food, as
carrots, mashes, soiling, or grazing, must be substituted for harder

DISEASES OF HORSES. 213

substances, and if corn be actually necessary, let it be bruised.
Whenever an old horse betrays symptoms of want of condition, or
weakness and emaciation, that neither his mode of feeding nor his
ratio of work will account for, and particularly if whole grains
should be found in his dung, his teeth should be examined care-
fully. This undue wearing of the teeth occasions another evil often,
which is ulceration of the cheeks, by reason of the projecting ragged
surface of the uneven teeth, which can only be remedied by the
removal of such portions. These projecting portions are called by
farriers, wolve's teeth.

Diseases of the Neck.

28. Fistulous withers are brought on usually by pressure from a /
saddle with too low or narrow a tree, and what has been said both
with regard to prevention and cure on the subject of poll-evil, ap-
plies here also. (116.)

29. Sore throat is common to horses in colds, in influenzas, and
in strangles. (13, 22.) In every case, the horse finds great difficulty
in reaching every thing that stretches his neck downwards or up-
wards, his water therefore should be held to him, and his hay should
be pulled for him ; omission of these services greatly aggravates
the sufferings of horses labouring under sore throat.

30. Swelled Neck. A very serious swelling sometimes follows
on bleeding with a rusty or poisoned lancet, or fleam, and some-
times from causes not apparent. (126.)

The Chest.

31. Inflammation of the lungs, is a disease to which
the horse is peculiarly liable, as we might a priori
suspect, from the vast dimensions of his circulatory
system, and the vast alteration from a natural state to
which we subject him, and thereby increase his pul-
monary circulation.

32. The causes are these deviations remotely, but the immediate
attack is generally brought on by sudden cold, acting on a heated
surface, and thus it is that knackers, and collar makers in frosty
weather expect a glut of horses that die from this disease. Hard
riding is a very common cause, and high feeding also ; it often
commences slowly ; a hard dry cough has been slightly noticed, but

214

DISEASES OP HORSES.

occasioning no alarm for two or three days ; gradually, however,
the cough appears to give the horse pain ; he occasionally shivers
and his ears and feet feel colder than the rest of his body, he heaves
at the flanks, and the lining of his nose is inflamed, and his eyelids
also ; the appetite now becomes affected and although there is not
much apparent pain, except when the horse coughs ; yet there is
much anxiety of countenance present. The pulse is usually small,
but quick ; if in this state the horse be taken'1 out and exercised
quickly, it is almost always fatal to him ; it likewise happens that
this complaint is sometimes mistaken for distemper, and from a fear
of profuse bleeding, the only remedy that is to be depended on, is
omitted, and the horse is lost. At the veterinary college, in these
cases, a small dose of aloes is given every six hours, and after being
bled and rowelled, the horse is turned out in the open air ; and it
is affirmed that many recover from this treatment. Certain it is,
that the stable in which a horse is placed in this disease can hardly
be too cool ; but when entirely turned out, his feet and legs cannot
conveniently be hand-rubbed, or bandaged up to promote circula-
tion ; neither can we blister a horse when turned out, so conve-
niently ; and on blistering we depend as the second source of cure.

33. The treatment is to be commenced by attempts at lessening
the action of the arterial system by early and large bleedings, as
seven or eight quarts from a large horse, and which should be re-
peated in five or six hours if he be not relieved in his breathing.
Immediately rub into the brisket, on the chest, and behind the fore
legs, the blister. (Vet. Pha. 138, No. 1.) Give half a dose of physic,
and assist it by mashes and warm water, which if not readily taken,
horn down. Back-rake also, and throw up the laxative clyster.
(Vet. Pha. 143.) Avoid all exercise, clothe moderately, allow a free
circulation of cool air through the stable, and rub the legs frequently,
and when not under this process, keep them bandaged up to the
knees, with hay bands, or woollen cloths. The terminations of
this complaint are various. It is not uncommon for the horse to
appear better, to eat and to drink, and to excite every hope of a
perfect recovery ; but on some sudden exertion he falls down and
expires. On examination after death, it is found that effusion of a
large quantity of serous fluid has taken place in the chest.

34. Thick wind is another termination of pneumonia by leaving
the bronchial passages charged with coagulated blood. Moderate
exercise and soiling in the stable with mild mercurial physic, form
the best modes of treatment, but it frequently happens that the
cough resists all these, and terminates in broken wind.

DISEASES OF HORSES. 215

35. Roaring is also a termination of pneumonia, in which case
the lungs are not affected, but congealed blood, under the name of
coagulable lymph, remains in the trachea or windpipe, and obstructs
the free passage of the air ; by means of which the roaring noise is
made. It is in vain to expect a cure : blistering the throat some,
times slightly relieves it.

36. Chronic cough is also a termination of pneumonia, and ap-
pears dependent on a peculiar irritability the disease leaves in the
bronchial passages, which are found afterwards incapable of bearing
any sudden alteration of temperature ; thus horses with this kind of
cough are excited to it as soon as the stable door opens, and by
every exertion, by drinking, by eating, and in fact by any thing
that alters the situation of the body, or is new to the part. But
besides pneumonia or inflammation of the lungs producing it, it is
often brought on likewise by gross feeding, which, weakening the
stomach, impoverishes the blood, and thus injures the lungs which
are fed by that blood. Worms also by the same means are a cause
of chronic cough. It is thus that we expect to derive benefit by
mediums acting on the stomach. Green food is often found useful,
but particularly carrots. The hay should be excellent in quality
and small in quantity ; and it will be found that soiling in the
stable, but particularly a course of carrots, forms a better plan of
treatment than turning out. If worms be suspected, treat as under
that head. [57.] Formulae of chronic cough balls are seen in the
Vet. Pharm. [148.]

37. Broken wind is also sometimes brought on by pneumonia, and
sometimes by occult causes. It is often occasioned by over exer-
tion after full meals, in which the lungs become permanently
weakened, perhaps ruptured in their air cells. Inexperienced per-
sons find some difficulty in detecting broken wind from other chest
affections, as chronic cough, occasional colds, &c. &c.

38. Criteria of broken wind. The cough which accompanies
broken wind, is a short, deep, hollow, grunting noise, and the shorl
grunting expiration is peculiarly excited by turning a horse quickly
round, striking him smartly with a stick at the same time, which
often produces a deep sound without the cough ; and which is so
significant as never to be mistaken when once heard and attended
to : but the principal peculiarity arises from the beating of the
flanks, which operate rather by three efforts than two as usual.
In the first, the air is drawn in, in the usual manner, and the flanks
fill up as in common ; but in the next, the falling of the flanks is

216 DISEASES OF HORSES.

by no means natural, for it is not done by a gradual sinking of the
sides, but it takes place at once, with a kind of a jerk, as though
the horse were sighing ; and then a third effort takes place by a
more slow drawing up of the muscles of the belly and flanks, to
press out the remaining air. Broken wind destroys the fecundity
of the mare, and hence argues permanent alteration of structure ; it
is also always incurable, but horses may be rendered very useful
that have it, by feeding them very nutritiously, but with food much
condensed in bulk. Little hay should be allowed, and that little
should be wet ; water in any other way should be given but spa-
ringly, for which they are however very greedy ; from which circum-
stance, as well as that they are peculiarly flatulent, we learn, that
the vitiation of the lungs is either aggravated by the deranged state
of the digestive organs ; or, which is more probable, that the diges-
tive powers become weakened from the state of the lungs.

39. Diseases of the belly. Inflamed stomach seldom attacks the
horse as an idiopathic affection, but it is not unfrequent for the
stomach to become inflamed by mineral poison as well as rendered
inert by vegetable ones.

40. Mineral poisons inflame the stomach acutely, and produce
excessive distress, and cold sweats ; the animal lies down, rolls,
gets up again, looks short round to his ribs, stamps with his fore
feet, and his pulse beats quick and short. When arsenic or corro-
sive sublimate have occasioned the malady, a viscid mucus distils
from the nose and mouth, and the breath is foetid. When copper
in the form of vitriolic salts, or verdigris has been given, to the
foregoing symptoms are usually added ineffectual attempts to vomit.
Immediately after the poison is discovered, pour down two ounces
of sulphuretted potash, in a quart of water; or in the absence of
that, an ounce of common potash in the same quantity of water :
or, when no better substitute is at hand, even strong soap suds are
advisable. Mineral poisons have also another mode of acting, and
are often received into the constitution, neither by design to do
mischief, nor by mistake, but are purposely given as remedies. —
In this way, boln mercury and arsenic are frequently given for
worms, glanders, farcy, &c. in daily doses, which, when even of
considerable magnitude, occasion for many days no inconvenience ;
all at once, however, the constitution becomes fully saturated with
the poison, and although before diffused throughout the blood, it
now appears to return and act on the stomach to the great surprise
of the owner. In these cases the symptoms are not usually so
violent as in the former instance, but they are equally fatal. A

DISEASES OF HORSES.

similar treatment with the one already prescribed is necessary, and
as soon as the first symptoms are abated, give laxatives. In all
these cases large quantities of linseed tea should be horned down,
the back should be raked and clysters thrown up, blood should also
be taken away plentifully. As a preventive to this latter mode of
poisoning, whenever mineral agents are used, it is prudent every
five or six days to stop a while, and then recommence, by which
the constitution will part with the previous quantity.

41. Salivation is also another mode of poisoning, and though not
equally injurious to the stomach, it often proves distressing, and
sometimes fatal. Whenever, therefore, mercurials are given, care,
fully watch the gums, and as soon as they look red, and the horse
quids his hay, give him a mild purge instead of his mercurial.

42. Vegetable poisons also inflame the stomach, but by no means
in an equal degree with the mineral poisons, nor is it supposed that
it is the inflammation they raise that proves destructive, but by an
effect communicated through the stomach to the nervous system.
Digitalis purpurea or foxglove, taxus baccata or yew, ananthe
crocata or water dropwort, cicuta virosa or water hemlock, phellvn-
drium aquaticum or water parsley, conium maculatum or common
hemlock, are all poisonous in a high degree to horses, and may be
taken accidentally by the animal as food, or given injudiciously as
medicine. Nicotiana, or tobacco, and the vegetable acid of vinegar,
are also poisonous, and are sometimes productive of injurious con-
sequences by over-doses, when intended as remedies. It is little
known that a pint of strong vinegar has destroyed a horse. As we
cannot remove the matters from the stomach, we must endeavour
to neutralize their effects, by acids and demulcents, as oil, butter,
&c. Thus, when narcotics have been taken, a drachm of sul-
phuric acid or oil of vitriol may be given in a quart of ale ; or six
ounces of vinegar, with six of gin, and a quart of ale, may be tried.

43. Stomach staggers. This peculiar complaint, which is even
yet but little understood, appears dependent on a particular state
of stomach, acting on particular foods ; and not on what is taken
in, acting on the stomach, as was supposed by Coleman, White,
and others. From later communications of White, he also now ap-
pears to consider it as originating in " a particular state of stomach."
Elaine appears always to have characterized it as " a specific inflam-
mation of the stomach." It appears among horses of every descrip-
tion, and at grass as well as in the stable, and there is reason to
think it epidemic, as it is prevalent in some seasons more than

218 DISEASES OF HORSES.

in others. It may, perhaps, be regarded now ana then as enaemic
also; under which circumstance it appears confined to low wet
situations, where long marshy grass is abundant, and where noxious
aquatic plants mix themselves with the grasses. When it occurs
at grass, the horse is found stupidly dull, or asleep with his head
resting against something. This has occasioned the disease to
be called the sleepy staggers, and it has often been confounded with
the phrenitis or inflammation of the brain. (8.) In the stable the
horse dozes, and rests his head in the manger ; he then walks up
and falls to eating, which he continues to do until the distention of
the stomach becomes enormous ; for the peculiarity of the com-
plaint consists in the total stop that is put to digestion, and the
uneasy feel of the distension consequent to such indigestion appears
to deceive the horse, and by a morbid excitement to force him to
take in more. In this way he continues eating until the distention
prevents the return of the blood from the head, and the animal dies
apoplectic, or his stomach bursts with over-distention. More fre-
quently, however, the stomach becomes flabby, inert, and paralytic,
and after death presents marks of inflammation towards the pylorus.

44. The treatment. When recovery has taken place, it has
occurred only when the disease has been very mild, and has been
assisted by stimulating the stomach into action by purgatives, at
once active and invigorating, as an ounce of aloes dissolved in a
half pint of gin. When a horse of extreme value is attacked, croton
oil might be tried to the amount of 20 or 25 drops in two ounces of
tincture of aloes. Warm water in small quantities, or mixed with
common salt should be frequently passed down. Remove every
eatable, rake, clyster, and hand rub ; and if the determination to
the head be extreme, bleed — otherwise avoid it.

45. Inflammation of the bowels, enteritis, or red colic, is a very
distinct disease from the gripes, gullion, or fret, with which it is,
however, very apt to be confounded to the destruction of many
horses. The peritoneal inflammation of the bowels, the one here
treated on, is an affection of their outer covering.

46. The causes are various. It is not unfrequently brought on by
a sudden translation of cold after great heats, as swimming during
hunting, or from the removal of a horse from grass at once into
heated stables, clothing and hard food ; neglected gripes, or long
continued costiveness, excessive riding, and the immediate drinking
of cold water, have brought it on. It begins by restlessness, loss
of appetite, some uneasiness ; the mouth is hot and dry, the inne/

DISEASES OF HORSES. 219

membranes of the mouth, nose, and eyelids are often redder than
natural. As the disease advances, the pain, before not violent,
now increases so as to force the horse to lie down and rise again
frequently ; and when very violent, he kicks at his belly, or looks
round at his sides, pawing his litter very frequently. The pulse is
usually small, quick, or hard ; sometimes it is more full and small,
but always hard. Breathing is quickened, the extremities are
alternately hot and cold, but continue longer cold than hot ; and
the animal is costive ; sometimes pain may force away a few har-
dened balls of foeces, but the principal contents are retained.
Blaine has given the distinguishing features between this disease
and colic, under which head we have stated them.

47. The treatment must be active and immediate, or a fatal ter-
mination may be expected. Begin by abstracting a considerable
quantity of blood ; from a large horse to the amount of 7 or 8 quarts ;
proceed to back-rake, throw up a large clyster of warm gruel. Give
by the mouth, a pint of castor oil, mixed by the means of the yelk
of two eggs, with half a pint of broth or gruel. Or, give olive oil
instead, following it up in half an hour by a gruel drench in which
six ounces of Epsom salts have been dissolved. A sheep skin, im-
mediately as it is removed from the sheep, may be applied to the
belly, which should first be well rubbed with the stronger liquid
blister. (Vet. Pha. 141.) In four hours repeat the bleeding, if con-
siderable improvement have not taken place, and if the bowels be
not unloaded, give more oil, and clyster frequently, having first
back-raked. Avoid exercise ; first hand-rub, and afterwards wrap
up the extremities to the knees. As a clear passage for the dung
is found, the symptoms mitigate, and the animal slowly recovers ;
but he must be fed at first very sparingly.

48. Inflammation of the inner surface of the intestines is, in some
measure, different from the former, which is rather an affection of
their outer covering ; whereas this is usually confined to their villous
surface, and may be brought on by superpurgation from over-strong
physic, or from mineral acids being taken in, particularly mercu-
rials, which often exert more influence on the bowels than on the
stomach. It differs from the former in the symptoms being gener-
ally accompanied with purging ; neither is there usually so much
pain or uneasiness present, nor such cold extremities, but where
from the violence of the inflammation these symptoms are present,
bleeding to the amount of three or four quarts is a proper pre-
liminary, but can hardly be with propriety continued. The samo
stimulants to the outside of the bolly should be used as in the last

20

DISEASES OF HORSES.

disease ; but here clothing is recommended as well as warmth in
the stable, as also hand-rubbing to keep up the circulation of the
extremities. Give astringent drink (Vet. Pha. 131, No. 1 or 2.;
with a pint of boiled starch every three hours, and give the same
by clyster with two quarts of pot liquor, or tripe liquor, free from
salt.

49. Dysenteric inflammation of the horse's bowels is happily not
very common, but now and then appears, and is then called by
farriers, molten grease; they mistaking the morbid secretion from
the intestines, for the fat of the body melted down and passing off
thus. But dysentery is a peculiar inflammation of the mucous sur-
face of the intestines, not contagious as in the human, nor epidemic,
nor exhibiting a putrid tendency ; but is peculiarly confined to a
diseased increase in the mucous secretions, yet very different from
simple diarrhoea, which is a mere increase in the peristaltic motion,
by which the common aliments are quickly passed through the
intestines, and ejected in a liquid form by an increase in their watery
secretion. Whereas in the dysentery of the horse, the mucous of
the intestines separates from them in large quantities ; and comes
away with the dung .surrounding it ; but when it does not pass in
this way it appears in membranous films like sodden leather, or in
stringy evacuations, like morsels of fat floating in water ; sometimes
there is a little bloody appearance. The usual symptoms of fever
are always present, but not in a very high degree.

50. The causes are cold, over-riding, and not unfrequently
acrid substances within the intestines : change of food has occa-
sioned it.

51. The treatment. In the first stages bleed considerably, and
give as the first internal remedy six ounces of castor oil, which will
amend the faecal evacuations considerably, afterwards administer
the following; powdered ipecacuanha, a drachm; powdered opium,
a scruple ; liquid arrowroot, eight ounces. Should this not check
the evacuation, and should it continue as mucous as at first, again
give castor oil, and then follow it up by either of the drinks directed
for the cure of scouring or looseness. (Vet. Pha. 131.)

52. Diarrhoea or looseness. This complaint originates in an in
creased peristaltic motion of the intestines, with an increase of
their watery secretion, and is distinguished from dysentery by th"
purging being complete from the first, and seldom occasioning much
fever or disturbance in the general health, unless exceedingly vio-

DISEASES OF HORSES. 221

lent. The stools are merely solutions of the aliment, and unmixed
with membranous films as in dysentery or molten grease. It some-
times succeeds to over strong physic, at others the food enters into
new combinations, and forms a purge. Some horses have their
bowels constitutionally weak, as lank-sided small carcassed ones,
where the mechanical pressure hurries the contents forwards. Salt
mashes and sea water will purge horses violently sometimes. It is
always proper to encourage warmth in the skin, and to change the
food. The change should be generally from one more moist to one
less so, as beans, &c. Barley will sometimes stop looseness ; malt
usually increases it. Buckwheat is often a check to habitual diar-
rhoea. Efficacious astringents will be found in the (Vet. Pha. 131.)
Repeat either of these night and morning. Give but little water
and that little warm.

53. Colic, flatulent or spasmodic, called also gripes, fret, or gul*
lion, is an important, because a frequent, disease, and because it
frequently destroys either quickly by its irritation, or by its de-
generating into the red or inflammatory colic, when improperly
treated or long continued. It is usually very sudden in its attack.

54. The causes of colic are not always apparent. It is sometimes
occasioned by intestinal stones, which accumulate to a great size,
remaining for years in the cells of the colon, until some accidental
displacement occasions an interruption to the peristaltic motion.
Cold in its various forms is a parent of colic ; but under the form
of cold water given when a horse is hot, it is most common.
In some horses it is so frequent as to become a constitusional ap-
pendage.

55. The distinguishing marks between colic and inflammation of
the bowels are gained, according fap Blaine, by attending to the
following circumstances. In gripes the horse has violent fits of
pain, but they remit, and he has intervals of ease. The pain in red
colic is more uniform and less violent. In gripes the pulse is, in
general, natural ; in red colic it is quicker than natural, and com-
nronly small. The extremities are not usually cold in gripes ; in
red colic they usually are. In gripes, the horse attempts to roll on
his back, which in red colic he seldom does. There are no marks
of fever with gripes, as red eyelids, inflamed nostrils, &,c.,but in
red colic they are always present. When the complaint has con-
tinued some hours it is always proper to bleed to prevent its ending
in inflammation : bleeding in the mouth is quite useless. Back
rake, and throw up clysters of warm water, one after another as

222 DISEASES OF HORSES.

fast as possible, which often overcomes the irritation. La Fosse
recommends a curious remedy, but as it can always be obtained, and
has the sanction of long experience, it may be tried. An onion is
pounded and mixed up with some powdered savin ; in default of
which, use powdered ginger. This is to be introduced up the rec-
tum as high as possible, and the horse is to be then moved briskly
about. An onion put up the fundament whole, has long been a
domestic remedy. The following is recommended by Blaine : spirit
of vitriolic ether, an ounce; powdered opium, one drachm; oil of
turpentine, three ounces; warm ale, a pint. He also recommends
the following more simple remedy as always at hand : the expressed
juice of two or three large onions; common gin, common oil, of each
half a pint; mix and give. White recommends a pint of brandy,
or of gin, with water, as an excellent carminative. Clark, who has
expressly written on gripes, extols the virtues of a mixture thus
made ; which, if it have the qualities he attributes to it, and which
there is no reason to doubt, no agriculturalist, coach, or post master
should be without it : pimento berry, called also allspice, ground
fine, half a pound ; spirits of wine, and of water, of each a pint and
a half ; infuse these together, and keep it for use. Give a quarter
of a pint every hour until full relief is obtained ; hand-rubbing,
wisping, or fomenting the bowels with hot water at the time.

56. Inflammation of the intestines from wounds in the belly fre-
quently occurs ; and these injuries may happen in leaping over
hedges or pale gates, or may be inflicted by the horn of a cow.
Sometimes the strong tendinous covering of the belly is ruptured,
while the skin remains entire : the gut then protrudes and forces
out the skin into a tumour. The first thing to be done is to put
the gut back, taking care at the same time, otherwise extensive
inflammation follows, to remove any dirt or other matter that may
be sticking to it ; for which purpose, should it be found necessary,
it may be washed with warm water, but with nothing stronger.
If the gut cannot be returned, from its being full of air, and the
opening in the belly be too small to put it back again, such opening
may be carefully enlarged to the necessary size. But if the animal
can be thrown upon his back conveniently, a great deal may be done
tnat cannot otherwise be accomplished; after the gut is returned,
the skin only should be stitched up, and a cushion of several folds
of old linen and tow being placed on the wound, it should be kept
in its situation by means of a wide bandage rolled round the body,
and carefully secured. The animal should then be copiously bled,
and have his bowels emptied by clysters. The only food he should
oe allowed is grass, or bran mashes, and that only in moderate

DISEASES OF HORSES. 223

quantity. When the distention of the intestines wholly prevents
their return, it would be prudent to puncture them with a very fino
instrument, and thus to suffer the air to escape, which, although
subjecting the horse to the risk of inflammation, is better than the
certainty of death by having the intestines protruded.

57. Worms of horses are found, as bots, in the stomach, but
which as they attach themselves to the hard insensible part of that
organ seldom do harm. Clark fancifully supposes they do good,
and devises means for furnishing them when not in existence. The
bot is the larva of the oestrus equi, a fly which deposits its eggs on
parts of the horse himself, from whence they pas's into the stomach
by being licked off. Certain it is they get there, are hatched, and
there remain hanging to the coats of it by two tentaculae, receiving
the juices of the masticated food as nutriment. After a considerable
time they make their way out by the anus, drop on the ground, and
are first transformed into the chrysalids, and afterwards into parent
flies. When bots fix themselves on the sensible portion of the
stomach, they may do harm ; but no medicine that we know of will
destroy them. The teres or large round worm sometimes occasions
mischief, when it exists in great numbers, such as a starting coat,
binding of the hide, irregular appetite, and clammy mouth. The
best remedy is the spigelia marylandica or Indian pink, in daily
doses of half an ounce. TcBnia are not common in the horse ; now
and then they exist, and are best combatted by weekly doses of oil
of turpentine, three ounces at a time, mixed by means of the yelk
of an egg with half a pint of ale. The ascaris or thread worms, are
best removed by mercurial purgatives. The existence of worms
may be known by the appearance of a yellow matter under the tail,
and by the disposition the horse has to rub his fundament. Blaine
recommends the following vermifuge : powdered arsenic, eight
grains; pewter or tin finely scraped; Venice turpentine, half an
ounce ; make into a ball and give every morning. He also recom-
mends salt to be given daily with the food, which agrees with our
own experience as one of the best vermifuges known. It is a fact
acknowledged by the residents along the sea-coast, that horses
troubled with worms will often voluntarily drink largely of sea
water, and thus cure themselves.

58. The diseases of the liver are acute inflammation or hepatitis,
and chronic inflammation or yellows. Hepatitis is the acute inflam-
mation of this organ, which like the lungs, stomach, and intestines,
may spontaneously take on the affection. The symptoms are not
unlike those which attend red colic, but with less violence. If it

20*

224

DISEASES OF HORSES.

be not however arrested, the termination will be .equally fatal.
About the third day the whites of the eyes turn yellow and the
mouth also. Bleeding, blistering, and purgatives form the method
of cure as practised in red colic.

59. Chronic inflammation or yellows. The liver of horses is less
complex than that of any other animals, and is therefore not very
liable to disease ; indeed some authors affirm that the horse is never
affected with jaundice, but that the yellowness of skin is a mere
stomach affection : this is, however, erroneous, and not only does
the liver become hardened and thickened occasionally, but the bile
becomes diseased, and is thrown out in that state by the blood over
the body. If fever be present, bleed, but if the symptoms present
no token of active inflammation, give each night, ten grains of
calomel, and every ten days, work it off with a mild dose of physic.
It is, however, necessary to remark ; tbat it is not every yellowness
of the skin that betokens either an acute or chronic inflammation of
the liver. It is the property of every serious inflammation of any
of the important organs of the chest and belly, to communicate a
portion of the evil to the otbcr organs immediately in conjunction
with the liver : thus an affection of the stomach or intestines, of the
inflammatory kind, very often occasions redness of the membranes
of the nose, eyelids, &c. &c.

60. Diseases of the urinary organs. Inflammation of the kidneys,
is an idiopathic affection, not one of frequent occurrence ; but as
brought on by injuries, such as over-riding, heavy loads, or violent
diuretics, it is not imfrequent : when idiopathic, it may be the effect
either of cold, heating food, or a translation of same other inflam-
mation, in which cases it comes on suddenly, and assumes the same
febrile appearances that other intestine inflammations produce ; but
there is not often great apparent pain, but a frequent inclination to
stale, the quantity made being so small as almost to amount to a
stoppage of urine, which is less or more complete as one or both
kidneys are affected. What little urine is made, is also at first verv
thick, and then bloody. When the disease is the effect of external
injury, the urine is not so scanty, but is more bloody; arid this
symptom precedes the other. There is usually much pain and
stiffness about the loins, and we learn from Elaine, that a swelling
and a paralytic affection of the hind leg of the side of the affected
kidney, sometime? is a feature in the complaint. To distinguish
this inflammation from that of the neck or body of the bladder,
with which it may be confounded, the same author recommends
that the hand be passed up the rectum, when if the affection belong

DISEASES OP HORSES. 225

to the kidneys, the bladder, whether full or empty, will not be hotter
than usual ; but the contrary occurs when any part of the bladder
is the seat of the disease.

61. The treatment must be active, and in most respects similar
to what has been recommended for red colic, as regards bleeding,
emptying the bowels, and endeavouring to lessen the arterial action
by bleeding ; but here we must carefully abstain from irritating
the kidneys by diuretics internally, or blisters externally. A newly
srtipped sheep skin placed over the loins, or active fomentations of
hot water, are the only sources of counter irritation that are proper ;
neither should diluting liquors be pressed, on account of the dis
tention they occasion, but no evil can arise from clystering.

62. Inflammation of the bladder. When the body of the bladder
becomes inflamed, there is frequent staling from the very first
attack; but when the neck of the bladder is the seat of the evil, the
squeezing out of a few drops will only take place when the bladder
has become filled, which may be known by passing the hand up the
rectum. The treatment will be alike in both cases, and is the
same as recommended for the last affection. It must be evident,
that warm, mild, and frequent clystering, must here be peculiarly
advisable.

63. Stranguary or suppression of urine ; incontinence of urine ;
bloody urine. Stranguary may arise from an injury done to the
kidneys, or to the bladder, by strains, or by the absorption of irri-
tating matters. In these cases, bleed if there be fever, and if not
merely give the horse absolute rest ; mash him, give gruel, and
warm his water for drink. Bloody urine should be treated in the
same way ; some horses have such a natural or acquired weakness
of the kidneys, as to stale blood with their urine on every occasion
of over exertion : the means frequently used for relief, are such as
aggravate the complaint, and indeed are often the occasion of it,
which are diuretics. Strong diuretics injure horses more than
strong physic, and benefit them less than any other of the popular
means made use of. In retentions of urine, but particularly in cases
of bloody urine, they are absolutely improper.

64. Diabetes, profuse staling, or pissing evil. This disease is
more frequently forced on the horse, by long continued diuretics,
or from a similar effect brought on by kiln-dried oats, mow-burnt
hay, or some green vegetables, than acquired from constitutional
indisposition. The horse first stales often, and profusely, he then
becomes weak and faint, and sweats on any exertion. If it be at all

226 DISEASES OF HORSES.

constitutional, his hide is bound from the beginning, and his urine
will have a sweet taste ; but if his appetite were good and his coat
sleek, bright, and elastic, when the urine was first observed to be
immoderate, the evil arises from some fault in the feeding, clothing,
exercise, or other management of the horse. Examine into these
matters, particularly into the food, and next the water. Inquire
whether diuretics have been given, under an erroneous supposition
of increasing the condition, and alter what may be amiss. If this
do not remove the complaint, try the following, after Elaine's direc-
tions: liver of sulphur, two drachms; uva ursi, four drachms; oak
bark, one ounce ; catechu, half an ounce ; alum, half a drachm ; give
as a daily drink in a pint of water.

65. Stone or gravel. Calculous concretions are not uncommon
in the large intestines of horses, where they grow sometimes to an
enormous size, lodged in one of the cells usually, and where they
occasion but little inconvenience, except a displacement occurs,
when serious evils, as colic, inflammation, or total stoppage, follow.
In the bladder, stone is very seldom found ; and there is reason to
believe, that though gravel is a common term in the farrier's list,
that it seldom if ever occurs ; injuries of the kidneys and bladder
being usually mistaken for it.

Diseases of the Skin.

66. Mange is a contagious disease, not uncommon among low
bred and badly kept horses, but which is seldom generated in those
properly managed. When it is the effect of impoverished blood, a
different course of feeding must be substituted, not heating, but
cooling, though generous ; as carrots, speared oats, malt mashes,
stable soiling, &c. When it arises in full fed horses, bleed twice,
lower the feeding, substituting for corn, soiling, carrots, or bran
mashes. Give a nightly alterative, (Vet. Pharm. 129, No. 1 or 2)
and dress with either of the mange dressings. (Vet. Pharm. 171.)
After a cure has been effected, carefully clean all the apartments
with soap and water.

67. Surfeit will now and then degenerate into mange, but more
generally it is brought on by a fulness of habit, acted on by sudden
transitions from cold' to heat, or heat to cold : it is likewise not
unfrequently the consequence of over-fatigue. If it show a dispo-
sition to spread, and the skin become scaly and scurfy, treat as under
mange ; otherwise treat as directed under want of condition. (4)

G8. Warbles are of the nature of surfeit in many instances, in
others they are brought on by the pressure of the saddle, which

DISEASES OF HORSES. 227

cither suppurate and burst, or become indolent and remain under
the name of sitfasts. In the early state, bathe them with cham-
ber-ley or vinegar : If they proceed to suppuration, refrain, and
when they neither go back or come forward, put on a pi^ch
plaster, and if this do not promote suppuration, let the sitfast be
dissected out.

69. Warts are common to old horses, and had better be put up
with unless they be situated in some very inconvenient or con.
spicuous part. In this case tie a thread tightly around the' root,
and the wart will drop off, or it may be cut off. Elaine recom-
mends the following, when warts are too numerous to be so
removed: crude sal ammoniac, two drachms; powdered savin, one
ounce ; lard, an ounce and a half.

70. Hide bound is a state of the skin, where the interstitial matter
between that and the fleshy pannicle is not in a state to allow of
its pliancy and elasticity. The binding down of the hide thus
closely, acts on the hair, which it protrudes in a contrary direction
to its naturally inclined position ; and thus a staring coat usually
accompanies hide binding. In considering the subject of condition
(4) we have seen that it is not a disease of itself, but is in every
instance a symptom only.

Glanders and Farcy.

71. The glanders is the opprobrium medicorum, for hitherto no
attempts have succeeded in the cure of more than a few cases. By
some peculiar anomaly in the constitution of the horse, although
conclusive proofs are not wanting that this and farcy are modi-
fications of one disease, and can each generate the other ; yet the
one is incurable, while the other is cured every day. When glan-
ders has been cured, the time and labour necessary to accomplish
the end has swallowed up the value of the horse ; and has also, in
many supposed instances of cure, left the animal liable to future
attacks which have occurred. The experiments on glanders, pur
sued at the veterinary college and by White of Exeter, have thrown
great light on the disease itself, its causes, connexions, and con-
sequences ; but have done little more. From these we are led to
conclude, that glanders will produce farcy, and that farcy can pro-
duce glanders. That glanders is highly infectious, and that such
infection may be received by the stomach, or by the skin when it
is at all abraded or sore : and it is also probable that it is received
by the noses of horses being rubbed against each other. White's
exper/ments go to prove that the air of a gkuidered stable is not

228 DISEASES OF HORSES.

infectious ; but this matter is by no means certain, and should not
be depended on without a greater body of evidence.

72. The marks of glanders are a discharge of purulent matter
from ulcers situated in one or both nostrils, more often from the
left than the right. This discharge soon becomes glairy, thick, and
white-of-egg-like : it afterwards shows bloody streaks, and is foetid.
The glands of the jaw of the affected side, called the kernels, swell
from an absorption of the virus or poison, and as they exist or do
not exist, or as they adhere to the bone or are detached from it, so
some prognosis is vainly attempted by farriers, with regard to the
disease ; for in some few cases these glands are not at all affected,
and in a great many they arc not bound down by the affection of
the jaw., As there are many diseases which excite a secretion of
matter from the nose, and which is kept up a considerable time ; sc
it is not always easy to detect glanders in its early stages. Stran-
gles and violent colds, keep up a discharge from the nostrils for
weeks sometimes. In sucli cases a criterion may be drawn from the
existence of ulceration within the nose, whenever the disease has
become confirmed. These glanderous chancres are to be seen on
opening the nostril a little way up the cavity, sometimes immediately
opposed to the opening of the nostril ; but a solitary chancre should
not determine the judgment. The health often continues good, and
sometimes the condition also, until hectic takes place from absorp
tion, and the lungs participate, when death soon closes the scene.

73. The treatment of glanders, it has been already stated, is so
uncertain that it is hardly worth the attempt ; however, when the
extreme value of the horse or the love of experiment leads to it, it
may be regarded as fixed by experience, that nothing but a long
course of internal remedies, drawn from the mineral acids, can effect
it. These have been tried in their endless variety : White recom-
mends the mildest preparations of mercury, athiops mineral ; under
the conviction that the more acrid preparations disturb the powers
of the constitution so much, as to destroy as effectually as the ,
disease. At the veterinary college the sulphate of copper (blue
vitriol) has been long in use. Others have used the sulphates of
iron and zinc. Clark recommends the daily administration of a
drink or ball, composed of the following ingredients : sulphute oj
zinc, 15 grains; powdered cantharides, 7 grains; powdered all.
spice, 15 grains; of which he gives one or two extraordinary
proofs of utility.

74. The farcy is a disease more easily cured than the glanders,
of which our daily experience convinces us ; farcy, or farcin, attacks

DISEASES OF HORSES. 229

under distinct forms, one of which affects the lymphatics of the skin,
and is called the bud or button.farcy ; the other is principally con-
fined to the hind legs, which it affects by large indurations, attended
with heat and tenderness. A mere dropsical accumulation of water
in the legs sometimes receives the name of water farcy ; but this
has no connexion whatever with the true disease in question : farcy
is very contagious, and is gained from either the matter of farcy or
from that of glanders.

75. Treatment of farcy. The distended lymphatics or buds may
often be traced to one sore, which was the originally inoculated
part, and in these cases the destruction of this sore, and that of all
the farcied buds, will frequently at once cure the disease, which is
here purely local. But when the disease has proceeded further,
the virus must be destroyed through the medium of the stomach ;
although even in these cases, the cure is rendered more speedy and
certain, destroying all the diseased buds, by caustic or by cautery
Perhaps no mode is better than the dividing them with a sharp firing
iron; or if deeper seated, by opening each with a lancet, and touching
the inner surface with lapis infernalis. The various mineral acida
may any of them be tried as internal remedies with confidence ;
even losing sight of the necessity of watching their effects narrowly,
and as soon as any derangement of the health appears, to desist
from their use ; oxmuriate of quicksilver (corrosive sublimate) may
be given in daily doses of fifteen grains ; oxide of arsenic may also
be given in similar doses. The subacetate of copper (verdigris) may
also be tried, often with great advantage, in doses of a drachm
daily. Elaine joins these preparations, and strongly recommends
the following : oxmuriate of quicksilver, oxide of arsenic, subacetate
of copper, of each eight grains; sublimate of copper, one scruple;
make into a ball and give every morning, carefully watching the
effects, and if it be found to occasion distress, divide, and give half,
night and morning. The same author professes to have received
great benefit from the use of the following : expressed juice oj
clevers, or goose-grass, a strong decoction offtempseed and sassafras,
of each six ounces ; to be given after the ball. It remains to say,
that whatever treatment is pursued will be rendered doubly effica-
cious if green meat be procured, and the horse be fed wholly on it ;
provided the bowels will bear such food ; but if the medicines gripe,
by being joined with green food, add to the diet bean-meal. When
green meat cannot be procured, carrots usually can ; and when
they cannot, still potatoes may be boiled, or the oats may be speared
or malted. As a proof of the beneficial effects of green meat, a
horse, so bad with farcy as to be entirely despaired of, was drawn

230 DISEASES OF HORSES.

into a iield of tares, and nothing more was done to him, nor further
notice taken of him, although so ill as to be unable to rise from the
ground when drawn there. By the time he had eaten all the tares
within his reach, he was enabled to struggle for more; and finally
he rose to extend his reach, and perfectly recovered.

Diseases of me Extremities.

76. Shoulder strains, are very rare ; most of the
lameness attributed to the shoulder belong to other
parts, and particularly to the feet. Out of one hundred
and twenty cases of lameness before, Blaine found that
three only arose from ligamentary or muscular exten-
sion of the shoulder, or rather of the abductor and
sustaining muscles: when shoulder strain does happen,
it is commonly the consequence of some slip, by which
the arm is forced violently forwards. It is less to be
wondered at than at first seems probable, that farriers
mistake foot lameness for shoulder strains, when we
reflect that a contracted foot occasions inaction, arid
favouring of the limb; which thus wastes the muscles
of the shoulder. Seeing that one shoulder is smaller
than the other, the evil is attributed to that, and it is
pegged, blistered, swam, and fired, to the torture of
the animal and the increase of the foof s contraction by
the confinement. In real shoulder strains, the toe is
dragged along the ground while in motion ; at rest it
is planted forward, but resting on the point of the toe.
When the lameness is in the foot, the horse points his
foot forward also, but he does so with the whole limb
unbent, arid the foot flat. These differences are highly
necessary to be attended to, as well as the peculiar dif-
ficulty there is in moving down hill, which he does
with reluctance, and by swinging his leg round to
avoid flexing it. This lameness may be further brought
to the test by lifting up the fore leg considerably, which

DISEASES OF HORSES. 231

if the evil be in the shoulder, will give evident pain.
The muscles between the fore legs are likewise tumi-
fied and tender in these cases.

77. The treatment consists, when it is recent, in bleeding in the
plate vein, rowelling in the chest, and fomenting with hot water
two or three times a day. When the heat and tenderness have
subsided, first bathe daily with the astringent wash for strains
(Vet. Pha. 134, No. 1) for a week; and afterwards, if necessary,
proceed to blister in the usual manner.

78. Strain in the whirl bone. This important joint is sometimes
strained, or its ligaments and muscles unnaturally extended, from
a greater force being applied to them than their structure is able to
bear, or their power to resist ; a leesion takes place of some of their
fibrillae, or in lesser injuries their elasticity is injured by being put
on the stretch beyond their power of returning. In all such cases,
the parts react, and inflammation follows ; by which heat, tender-
ness, and swelling ensue.

79. Treatment. The first indication is the same in this as in all
ligamentary strains, which is to moderate the inflammation by
fomentations, &c. &c., and when that has subsided, to endeavour
by astringents and bracers to restore the tone of the parts ; after
which, if any swelling remains, from the extravasated blood be-
coming organised, to promote its absorptions by mercurial frictions,
and blistering. This applies to all strains, and will direct the
treatment therefore of that of strain in the articulation of the thigh
with the body also.

80. Strain in the stifle, is treated in the same manner.

81. Strain or clap in the back sinews. This is generally an injury
done to the sheaths of the tendons, or of the ligaments which bind
them down. In very aggravated cases, it sometimes occurs that
even the tendons themselves are extended beyond their capacity.
The heat, swelling, and tenderness, are first to be combatted by
fomentations, and if this be extreme, bleed also, and give a dose of
physic. Next proceed to poultice with saturnine applications, until
the heat and swelling are reduced: then use tonics, astringent
wash, (Vet. Pha. 134, No. 1 or 2,) bandage and exercise very
carefully. If swelling remain after heat, pain, and lameness are
past ; or when lameness only remains, after all heat is gone, pro
ceed to blister mildly twice In all cases of ligamentary extension

21

232 DISEASES OF HORSES.

when the heat has subsided, the part may be considered as in a state
of atony; and bandages judiciously applied are then proper, par.
ticularly during the day.

82. Rupture of the tendons and ligaments of the leg. It is very
seldom that the tendons themselves are ruptured, but the suspensory
ligaments are more often so, and the evil is called breaking down.
It is usually very sudden, and the fetlock is brought almost tc the
ground. A perfect cure is seldom obtained ; but the inflammation
should be moderated by the means already described, and the heels
should be raised. A laced stocking or firm bandage, when tho
inflammation has subsided, is necessary ; and firing is often prudent
as a permanent bandage.

83. Strains of the ligaments of the fetlock and coffin joints often
occur, and may always be distinguished by the heat, tenderness,
and swelling. Treat as already described. In all strains of the leg,
attended with inflammation, a goulard poultice is a convenient
and useful application. The goulard water should be mixed with
bran, and a worsted stocking being drawn over the foot, and up the
leg, it is first tied around the foot ; the poultice is then put in, and
the stocking fastened around the leg above the injury (115.)

84. Mallenders and sallenders are scurfy, scabby eruptions, af-
fecting the back of the knee, and ply to the hock ; common only in
coarse, low bred, and in cart horses. Wash with soft soap every
day, after which anoint with an unguent formed of equal parts of
mercurial ointment, tar, and Turner's cerate.

85. Broken Knees. The usual cases of broken knees are referable
to wounds in general ; and the treatment of them in no wise differs
therefrom, with this caution, that here it is more immediately
necessary, both for appearance and safety, that if any flap of skin
hang apart, to cut it off, or the wound will heal with rugosed edges.
But when the joint of the knee is broken into by the violence oi
the injury, it becomes of a very different nature, and is known first
by the extreme lameness and swelling that occur ; and next by tho
escape of a slippery mucus not unlike the white of an egg. If this
continue to escape, violent inflammation follows, and either tho
horse or the joint are lost by it. Farriers are apt to attempt to stop
the flow of the joint oil, as it is called, by oil of vitriol, or other
escharotics, which treatment is usually followed by the most disas-
trous consequences. It is however, necessary to stop the immediate
flow, by other means ; trie best of which if by a fine budding-iron

DISEASES OF HORSES. 233

heated. Should the laceration be considerable, this cannot be done ;
but the treatment must then consist of saturnine poultices, bleeding,
low diet, and the other anti-febrile remedies, until the swelling has
subsided, when apply the astringent paste recommended by Clarke,
made of pipe clay and alum, every day, but by no means introduce
any escharotics. On the subject of broken knees, a prejudice prevails,
that a horse that has once broken his knees, is more liable to fall
again than a horse that has not before fallen down ; but unless the
knee be injured so as to become stiff by such accident, the supposi-
tion is wholly erroneous. Horses fall as often by treading on sharp
stones when they have corns, as they do by stumbling ; and as corns
sometimes come on rapidly by pressure, so such a horse becomes
afterwards liable to trip, and this gives rise to the opinion formed,
hat when once he has been down he will ever after be liable to it.

86. Splints and bone spavin. The former are usually situated
on the inner side of the canon or shank before — and as they are
situated, so they are more or less injurious. When buried, as it
were, within the tendons or back sinews, they are very apt to larne
the horse seriously ; but when situated on the plain bone, unless
they are very large, they seldom do much injury. If a splint be
early attended to, it is seldom difficult to remove. Elaine recom-
mends the swelling to be rubbed night and morning for five or six
days, with a drachm of mercurial ointment, rubbing it well in ; after
which to apply a blister, and at the end of a fortnight or three
weeks to apply another. In very bad cases he recommends firing
in the lozenge form.

87. Bone spavin is an exostosis of the hock bones, the treatment
of which in no wise differs from that of splint ; except that as a
spavin in general is more injurious than a splint, so it is more
necessary to commence the treatment early, and to continue it
energetically. It also unfortunately happens, that from the com-
plexity of structure on the hock, spavin is not so easily removed as
splint, and more usually requires the applicati >n of firing.

88. Ring bone is of the same nature, being an exostosis or bony
sircle, formed around the coronet, the treatment of which is the
same with splint and spavin.

89. Blood spavin, bog spavin, and thoroug Jipin, are all of them
originally of the nature of wind galls, and are nothing more than
enlargements of the brusal capsules described in the anatomy as
surrounding tendons, ligaments, and bones, to furnish them with

234 DISEASES OF HORSES.

the lubricating medium.. By over exertion or hard work these
brusal bags become extended, and their contents increased, and
distended into puffy swellings in the hock, called, when on the ply,
bog spavin. The pressure of this sometimes occasions a varicose
state of the superficial vein, which passes directly over it on the
inner side of the hock, and which enlargement then receives the
name of blood spavin. When the brusal enlargement extends
through the hock, it is called thoroughpin. When it is situated
below in the bursse of the flexor tendons, near the fetlock joint, it
receives the name of wind gall.

90. The treatment in all these cases must be similar in principle,
and consists in lessening the distended sac — not as was formerly
practised to the destruction of the horse often, by letting out the
contents of these wind galls ; but by strengthening the sides of the
tumours by stimulants or by pressure. The more active stimulants
are the liquid blister, (Vet. Pharm. 141,) milder ones are found in
the astringent wash. (Vet. Pha. 134, No. 1.) Bandages assist greatly,
when well applied to the part, and in desperate cases firing has
been resorted to, which is nothing more than a more violent stimu-
lant and a more permanent bandage.

91. Capulet is a bursal enlargement of the point of the hock, and
is to be treated by friction, astringents and bandage.

92. Curb is an inflammation of the ligaments at the back of the
hock, and is usually removed by astringents. (Vet. Pha. 134.)
When it does not give way to these, the sweating liquid blister
may be applied. (Vet. Pha. 142.)

93. Cracks and grease may be considered as modifications of one
and the same affection, and are commonly brought on by some
neglect in all horses ; but when they occur in any but the thick,
heeled low bred animals, they are invariably so. Over feeding or
under feeding, but much more frequently the former, will bring it
on. A very frequent cause of it is the practice of washing the legs
of horses and suffering them to dry of themselves. In every ease
without exception, washing the legs should be avoided, unless they
be rubbed perfectly dry afterwards. When horses have long hairs
about their heels, and are washed and then left wet, the evil must
be doubled ; as the evaporation going on, cools and chills the heels,
and thus produces a species of chilblain ; and we well know how
difficult these are to heal when broken. Cracks in the heels very
often occur in horses removed too suddenly into full keep from pre-
vi 5us straw or grass, or from these to a hot stable j which by the heat

DISEASES OF HORSES. 235

and moisture of the litter, occasions a determination of blood, and
humours to the legs, and they break out into cracks or scabs, from
which issue a bloody ichor, or a more thick matter. Between the
sores the hair stares and gets pen feathered, and the horse finds
difficulty and pain in moving.

94. The treatment must depend on the state in which the animal
is at the present. If there be reason to suspect the horse to be full
and foul, bleed, lower his food, soil him in the stable ; or mash and
give him a mild dose of physic. But when some mismanagement
is the sole cause, remove that, and if the case be a severe one, by
means of an old stocking drawn over the foot, bury the whole heel
in a poultice, made of scraped carrots or turnips ; which will subdue
the irritation and bring the parts into a state to bear the application
of the astringent paste, (Vet. Pha, 136, No. 2,) or if more con-
venient, of the astringent wash, (Vet. Pka. 134, No. I or 2.) Mode-
rate exercise should be continued, and the heels carefully cleaned
from dirt by soft soap and water on each return therefrom ; after
which, always again apply the astringent.

95. Grease is nothing more than an aggravated state of the same
affection, and is more common to the hind than the fore legs.
Coarse fleshy legged horses are peculiarly prone to the affection
from the great accumulation that takes place in their legs; and from
the difficulty that the capillaries find in carrying the increased
quantity of lymph upwards. In these, long stable confinement
should be avoided, and when that is impossible, it should be coun-
teracted by exercise frequently and judiciously administered. Many
cart horses never go out but to work ; they often work three days
incessantly, or nearly so ; and they perhaps rest two days entirely
Can it be wondered at, that the change occasions swelling, acting
on the weakness and exhaustion of previous fatigue, and could not
this be avoided by turning out for an hour, or walking for half an
hour night and morning ? stable soiling should be used ; bleeding
and physicking also in very bad cases ; and when the inflammation
and irritation or soreness are great, the poultices recommended for
cracks, should be applied until these circumstances are removed ;
when commence the use of some of the astringents recommended.
(Vet. Pharm. 134.) White has stated two remarkable cases of
grease cured by the application of corrosive sublimate in the form
of a wash, as of two drachms of sublimate to ten ounces of water ;
increasing it to three drachms if the pain occasioned by the first be
not too considerable. Blaine says that the clivers or goose grass
has been known to be of great service in bad cases of grease~-half

21*

236 DISEASES OF HORSES.

a pint of the expressed juice to be given daily as a drink ; and a
poultice of the herb to be applied to the heels. In some cases of
long standing when the running has ceased, a thickened state of
the limb remains ; which is best removed by firing, and which like-
wise is a preventive to a return.

Diseases of the Feet.

96. Founder of the feet is of two kinds, an acute and a chronic.
Acute founder is a disease that, until lately, was less understood
than almost any other. After a very severe day's work, or when
very much heated, if a horse get a sudden chill by standing in snow
or cold water, it is not uncommon for him to be seized with universal
stiffness, and every symptom of great fever. Such a horse is said
to be body foundered. By degrees, however, it is observed that the
animal has an extreme disinclination to remain on his feet ; from
whence it will appear that the whole of them are affected, when the
horse draws his hind feet under him, his fore only are affected, and
when he draws his fore feet under him his hinder feet are the seat
of the complaint ; but which is seldom the case. On feeling the
feet they will be found intensely hot, and the pastern arteries beat
with great violence. After a few days, unless the disease abate, a
separation of the hoofs from the coronet takes place, and at last
they fall entirely off.

97. The treatment. At the commencement of the disease bleed
largely, as well by the neck as from the toe of each affected foot,
by paring, until the blood flows freely. After which immerse each
foot in a goulard poultice (115,) give the fever powder or drink,
(Vet. Pha. 157 & 158,) litter up to the belly ; and if amendment
do not take place, renew the bleedings, and blister round the
pasterns.

98. Chronic founder, contraction or fever in the feet. The arti-
ficial life that horses lead, subjects them to many diseases ; one of
the principal of which is that of contracted feet. Elaine considers
a neglect of sufficient paring of the hoof, the application of artificial
heat from hot stables, and hot litter, the deprivation of natural
moisture, constitutional liability, and the existence of thrushes, as
among the principal causes of this evil. It is more common amoag
blood horses, than to others, and he observes, that dark chesnuts
are of all others most prone to it.

99 The treatment of contraction in the feet. It is better to pre.
vent, than to be under the necessity of attempting to cure the evil.

DISEASES OP HORSES. 237

Prevention may bo practised by avoiding the acting causes. As
soon as at all suspected to be likely to occur ; keep the hoofs pared
low ; never suffer the horse to stand on litter, nor allow the stable
to be too hot ; feed moderately, and never allow the horse to go
without daily exercise ; whatever increases the general fulness of
habit flies to the feet. Above all, keep the feet moist by means of
wet cloths tied closely around the coronet, falling over the whole
hoof, but not extending beyond the edge. Then moisten repeatedly,
and stop the feet (166) every night. When contraction has already
taken place, many plans have been recommended ; as jointed shoes,
by Goleman, Clark, and others, but it is not found that mechanical
expansion in this way produces permanent benefit. The most
effectual mode is to obviate all previous causes of contraction ; and
then to thin the hoofs around the heels from each quarter so thin as
to be able to produce an impression by means of the thumb ; in fact,
to remove so much of the horn as is consistent with safety, from
the coronet downwards. It is also prudent to put in a score or two
from above downwards, drawn a quarter of an inch deep on each
side towards the front of the hoof; but whether this be done or not,
the front of the hoof should be rasped thin about an inch in width ;
by which means a hinge is formed, which operates most advanta-
geously in opening the heels. After this is done, tips should be put
on, and the horse should be turned out to grass, where he should
remain three months, by which time the new formed heels will have
reached the ground, and will bear a shoe.

100. The pumiced foot is a very common consequence of acute
founder, in which the elasticity of the laminae becoming destroyed
the support of the coffin bone is removed, and it rests wholly on the
sole, which it gradually sinks from a concave to a convex surface,
drawing with it the front of the hoof inwards. In weak, broad
heavy feet, this evil comes on sometimes without founder; the
treatment can only be palliative, a wide webbed shoe exactly fitted
to the foot, without at all pressing on it, prevents the lamenesa
consequent to the disease, a shoe exactly the contrary to this has
been tried in some cases with benefit, the form of which has been
one with a web so narrow as only to cover the crust, but so thick
as to remove the feet from accidental pressure. In other cases, no
shoe answers so well as a strong bar shoe.

101. Corns are most troublesome, aliments, to which horses are
very liable, and which injure and ruin thousands ; they are wholly
accidental ; no horse having any peculiar tendency to them, but
being always brought on them by some improper pressure, usually

238 DISEASES OF HORSES.

of the shoe, or from something getting between the shoe and the
horny heel. A shoe too long worn is a very common cause, and a
still more frequent one is the clubbing the heels of the shoe ; neithei
is it necessary to the production of corns that the shoe itself should
press on the sole ; but they are equally produced when the outer
horn of the heels or of the bars, is the immediate offending part
rendered so by two luxuriant growth, by unequnl wear, or by
secondary pressure from the shoe, or by gravel working in. It is
the fleshy sole itself that is bruised, from which a speck of extra-
vasated blood follows, and if not immediately relieved it gathers, or
the part becomes habitually defective, and instead of forming healthy
horn, it always afterwards forms a spongy substance of extreme
sensibility, and thus always is liable to produce pain and lameness
when exposed to pressure.

102. The treatment of corns is seldom difficult or unsuccessful
at their first appearance, but afterwards it can be only palliative.
Blaine directs that by means of a fine drawing knife every portion
of diseased horn should be pared away, and the extravasation under-
neath likewise. Having done this, he advises to introduce some
butter of antimony into the opening, to place over this some tow,
which should be kept in its place by means of a splint. If any
contraction of the heels be present it will materially assist the cure
to lower them, and to thin the hoof a little around the quarters, and
afterwards to put on a shoe without heels opposed to the corn, or
a shoe chambered opposite the weak part : or a bar shoe may bo
applied so framed as completely to leave the heel untouched. Intro-
duce the butter of antimony once or twice more, with the interval
of two days between, and then turn the horse out to grass ; in about
six weeks time the foot will be sound. The treatment of corns,
when of long standing, does not materially differ : for although
they are never wholly eradicated, they may be rendered but little
troublesome. The diseased part must be carefully pared out at each
shoeing, and such a shoe put on as will completely free the heel
from pressure.

103. Running thrush is alicays a dangerous disease, and few
errors in horse management are more glaring than the common one
of supposing they are necessary to carry off humours. If less food,
more exercise, cool stables, and dry standings, were substituted to
correct the fulness, instead of thrushes, which invariably contract
the feet whenever they continue any length of time, it would save
many valuable horses. To the cure, begin by cleaning out all the
fissu-es of the frog from loose ragged hern, and then introduce to

DISEASES OF HORSES. 239

the bottom of the sinuses, by means of a thin piece of wood, some
of the thrush paste (Vet. Pharm. 133,) smeared on tow, which will
enable it to be held within the cleft, especially if it be guarded by
splints of wood passed under the shoe ; renew the dressing daily ;
turning out to grass may be practised to great advantage for thrushes
by this mode of dressing.

104. Sand cracks are fissures in the hoofs, commonly of those
before, and usually towards the inner, but now and then towards
the outer quarter also, from above downwards : from the crack, a
little oozing of blood or moisture is seen ; and the sensible parts
underneath getting between the edges of horn, being pressed on,
lame the horse. White recommends to fire the fissure crossways,
so as to destroy the connection between the divided and undivided
parts of the hoof.

105. Pricks or punctures of the feet are often very serious evils,
either when received by nails in shoeing, or by one picked up in the
road, &c. The danger arises from inflammation, which is always
great from any injury done to the sensible and viscular parts within
the foot. This inflammation quickly proceeds to suppuration ; and
the matter is apt to make its way upwards, unless it find a ready
vent below. When it does not break out at the coronet, it will
often penetrate under the sole, and finally disease the bones, liga-
ments, or cartilages, and produce quittor. It is very seldom that a
horse is pricked in shoeing, but that the smith is aware of it by tho
peculiarity of the feel on the hammer, and by the flinching of the
animal. At such times were he to immediately draw the nail a little,
enlarge the opening, and introduce some spirit within the puncture,
nothing would occur ; but on the contrary, he sends the horse homo
to avoid trouble, who, the next, or following day, is found lame,
with his foot hot, if the nail be not driven too near the sensible
laminae, it will only require to be removed to free the horse from his
evil ; but if it have been driven through, and have wounded them,
then suppuration ensues, and on examining the foot by the pincers
when the shoe is removed, he will flinch at the pressure on the
diseased part. It is probable, on the removal of the shoe that matter
will at once flow out at the immediate nail hole, if not, the drawing
knife will soon detect the injury. If the heat be great, and instead
of matter, bloody dark ichor flows out, wrap the foot up in a poul
tice ; but if healthy matter flows out this will not be necessary ,
sometimes it is requisite-to detach all the horn that is underrun by
the matter. But when the injury has not proceeded to this extent,
apply over the part a pledget of tow steeped in friar's balsam ; tacli

210 DISEASES OF HORSES.

on the shoe lightly, and retain the dressing by means of splints,
which are thin pieces of wood passed under the shoe ; repeat the
dressing daily, and avoid moisture, which would encourage quittor
A nail picked up on the road, and which passes through the sole
below or through the frog, is to be treated in the same manner, and
also when the matter breaks out at the coronet ; but when a nail is
picked up and penetrates the coffin joint, which is known by the
synovia or joint oil appearing, such opening should be immediately
stopped by paring towards the wounded joint, and then applying a
heated budding-iron, not to the capsular ligament itself, but to the
skin immediately near it; if this be inconvenient, put a pledget
dipped in a little butter of antimony, just within the opening, but
do not press it into the cavity of the joint : if this be insufficient to
stop the flow, but more particularly if the original wound be pene-
trated to the bone, it is probable that the bone itself will become in
some measure diseased, which is known by the rough grating felt at
the point of the probe when passed. In this case, enlarge the
opening so as to be able to scrape the diseased bone away. Bruises
of the sole, from whatever cause, will all fall under some of these
points of view, according as the case may be.

10G. Quittor and canker are the consequences of these injuries,
when neglected, or originally extensive. In these cases either the
bones, ligaments, or cartilages, or all, become diseased ; and a cure
can only be obtained by removing the diseased parts by the knife or
by caustic.

107. Treads, over-reach, $c. A wound on the coronet is not
uncommon from one foot being placed on the other ; or the hinder
foot may strike it, &c. First wipe away the dirt, and remove any
loose edges that cannot unite ; avoid washing, unless stones and
dirt are suspected to be within, and bind up, having first placed
over the wound a pledget of lint or tow moistened with balsamic
tincture, or tincture of myrrh, or of aloes. &c. Over-reaching, or
over-stepping, is often an injury done to tne fetlock joint before, by
the hinder foot, or to the back sinew higher up. Sometimes it is
simply a violent bruise, at others the laceration is extensive, in which
case treat as a tread ; and when no laceration has taken place treat
as a bruise or strain.

108. Cutting is a defect to which some horses are liable from
their form, as when they turn their toes out, or have bent legs.
Others cut only when they are lean, which brings their legs nearer
together. Weak horses cut because they cross their legs when

VETERINARY OPERATIONS. 241

^atigued, and young unfurnished horses cut at youthful periods and
2row out of it afterwards. The part in which a foot interferes with
the opposed limb is very different. When it strikes the shank high
up it is called speedy-cut, and is best remedied by wearing knee
boots or rollers. When it is at the fetlock the cutting is at the side,
or rather backward, according to circumstances. Some horses cut
by the side of the shoe, others by the hoof at the quarters ; and some
by the point of the heels. It is to be remarked, that it is better to
put up with the evil of cutting, than to do as is too frequently done,
which is, to pare away the hoof until it excites contraction. The
shoe may be feather edged, or may be set a little within the cutting
quarter ; but by no means alter the size or form of the hoofs them-
selves, and particularly avoid taking liberties of this kind with the
fore feet. Boots or rollers, are but little trouble to put on, and
when not buckled too tight never injure : whereas to allow a horse
to continue to cut produces a callus, and often throws the animal
down.

VETERINARY OPERATIONS.

109. The general practises to be here enumerated
are chiefly the treatment of wounds, the application of
fomentations, setons, blisters, clysters, and physicking,
and the operation of castrating, nicking, bleeding, &c.

Treatment of Wounds.

110. A wound must be treated in some measure according to the
part of the horse's body in which it happens : but there are some
principles to be observed alike in all horse surgery. There are
likewise a few, which, as they differ from the principles of human
surgery, should be first noticed, and which should guide the prae-
tice of those who might be misled by analogy. The wounds ot
horses, however carefully brought together and confined in their
situation, as well as shut out from the stimulus of the external air,
are seldom disposed to unite at once, or as it is called in surgical
language, by the first intention. It is always, therefore, necessary
to expect the suppurative process ; but as the adhesive inflammation

242 VETERINARY OPERATIONS.

does now and then occur, we should never wash with water or
other liquids a mere laceration, if no foreign matter, as dirt, &c. be
suspected to be lodged within it, still less should we stuff it with
candle or tents of any kind. On the contrary, it should be care-
fully and smoothly brought together, and simply bound up in ita
own blood ; and if it do not wholly unite at once, and by the first
intention, perhaps some portion of it may ; and at all events, its
future progress will be more natural, and the disfiguration less than
when stuffed with tents, tow, &c. or irritated with heating oils or
spirits. When an extensively lacerated wound takes place it is
common, and it is often necessary to insert sutures, or stitches,
into the lips of the wound : and here we have to notice another
considerable variation from the principles of human inflammation,
which is, that these stitches in the horse, ox, and dog, soon ulcerate
out, seldom remaining longer than the third or fourth day at far-
thest. It therefore is the more necessary to be careful, that by
perfect rest, and the appropriation of good bandages we secure the
wound from distortion. In this we may be assisted by strips of
sticking plaster, made with diachylon and pitch ; but these strips
should be guarded from touching the wound itself by means of lint
or tow first put over it. When in addition to laceration in a wound,
there is a destruction of substance, then the caution of washing will
not apply, as it will be necessary to bathe with some warming spirit,
as, tincture of myrrh, tincture of aloes, or friar's balsam, to assist in
restoring the life of the part, and in preventing mortification.
Bleeding must be stopped by pressure and astringents, as powdered
alum; when it is very considerable the vessel from whence the
blood comes must be taken up. When great inflammation follows
wounds or bruises, counteract it by bleeding, a cooling temperature,
opening medicines, and continual fomentations to the part itself.

Balls and Drinks.

111. Mode of giving a ball. Back the horse in his stall, and
being elevated on a stool, (not a bucket turned upside down,) gently
draw the tongue out of the mouth, so as to prevent its rising to
resist the passage of the hand : the tongue should however not be
laid hold of alone, but it should be held firmly by the fingers of the
left hand against the jaw. The ball previously oiled should be
taken into the right hand, which should be squeezed into as narrow
a shape as possible, must be passed up close to the roof of the mouth,
and the ball placed on the root of the tongue, when both hands
being withdrawn, it will readily pass down. This mode is much
preferable, when a person is at all handy, to using a balling iron.

VETERINARY OPERATIONS. 243

112. Mode of giving a drink. Exactly the same process is pur
sued, except that a horn holding the liquid matter is forced up the
mouth ; the passage being raised beyond the level line, the liquid is
poured out from the larger end of the horn, and when the tongue is
loosened it is swallowed. Clark, however, ingeniously proposes to
substitute the smaller end of the horn, the larger being closed, by
which, he says, the horn can be forced up the mouth between the
teeth, and poured farther back so as to ensure its not returning.

Fomentations and Poultices.

113. Fomentations are very commonly recommended of various
herbs, as rhue, chamomile, St. John's wort, wormwood, bay leaves,
&c. but the principal virtue is to be found in warmth and moisture,
which unload the vessels ; but this warmth ought not to be too con-
siderable, except when the inflammation is within, as in inflamed
bowels. Here we foment to stimulate the skin, and cannot foment
too hot ; but when we do it at once to an* inflamed part, it ought not
to be more than of blood heat ; and it should be continued long, and
when removed the part should be dried or covered, or cold may be
taken, and the inflammation increased instead of diminished. Ano-
dyne fomentations are made of poppy heads and of tobacco, and are
frequently of great use.

114. The method of applying fomentations is conveniently done by
means of two large woollen cloths wrung out of the heated liquors ;
as one is cooling the other should be ready to be applied.

115. Poultices act in the same way as fomentations in allaying
irritation and inflammation; but are in other respects more conve
nient because they act continually. It is an error to suppose that
poultices, to be beneficial, should be very hot ; however hot they
may be applied, they soon become of the temperature of the sur-
rounding parts. When poultices are applied to the extremities, a
stocking, as has been before stated, is a convenient method of appli-
cation. When it is drawn over the leg and bound around the lower
part of the hoof, or of the pastern, or otherwise, the matter of the
poultice may be put within, and it may be then kept in its situation,
if" high up on the extremity, by means of tape fastened to one part
of it, and passed over the withers or back to the other side, and
again fastened to the stocking. In this way, also, loose bandages
may be retained from slipping. Cold poultices are often useful in
the inflammations arising from strains, &c. In these cases bran
and goulard water form a convenient medium ; but when the poul

22

244 VETERINARY OPERATIONS.

tice is necessarily hot, a little linseed meal added to the bran wil
render it adhesive, and give it consistence. It is a very necessary
caution in this, as in every instance where bandages are wanted
around the extremities, to have them broad, and only so tight as to
secure the matters contained, as in a poultice, or as in common
bandaging. It is often supposed that " as strong as a horse," de-
notes that nothing can be too strong for him, nor any means too
violent to hurt him. The horse, on the contrary, is one of the
most tender animals alive : and a string tied very tight round the
ieg would occasion first a falling off of the hoof, next a mortification
of the rest of the limb, and lastly the death of the animal ; and
all this as certainly as though he were shot with a bullet through
tne head,

Setons and Rowels.

116. Scions are often useful in keeping up a drain to draw what
are termed humours from parts ; or by their irritations on one part,
they lessen the inflammation in another part not very remote, as
when applied to the cheek for ophthalmia or inflamed eyes. They
also in the same way lessen old swellings by exciting absorption.
Another useful action they have is to make a dependent or conve-
nient orifice for the escape of lodged matter : thus a seton passed
fiom the upper part of the opening of pole evil, through the upper
pait ot the integuments of the neck, as low as the sinuses run, will
often ettect a cure without further application. The same with fistu-
ious withers, wnich sometimes run under the shoulder blade, and
appear at the arm point ; in which case a blunt seton needle, of
sufficient length to be passed down to that point, and to be then cut
down upon, will form the only efficient mode of treatment. Setons
may be passed in domestic farriery, with a common packing needle
and a skein of thread, or piece of tape : but in professional farriery
tiiey are made by a proper needle armed with tape or lamp cotton,
or skeins of thread or silk smeared over with digestive ointment.
When the seton needle is removed, the ends of the tape should
be joined together, or otherwise netted, to prevent them from
coming out.

117. Rowels in their intention act as setons, and as irritating a
larger surface, so when a general drain is required they act better ;
as in case of grease, &c. but when their action is confined to a part
only, setons are more convenient. Any person may apply a rowel
by making an incision in the loose skin about an inch separating
with the finger its adherence around, and then inserting in the

VETERINARY OPERATIONS. 245

opening a piece of round leather, with a hole in the middle, smeare.1
with a blistering ointment. Then plug the opening with tow, and
in three days, when the suppuration has begun, remove it. The
rowel leather is afterwards to be daily removed and cleaned.

Blistering and Firing.

118. Blistering answers the same purposes as setons, and is prac-
tised by first cutting or shaving the hair from the part, when the
blistering ointment (Vet. Pha. 138.) should be well rubbed in for
ten minutes, or a quarter of an hour. Some of the ointment after
the rubbing may be smeared over the part. The head of the horse
should now be tied up to prevent his gnawing or licking. If a neck
cradle be at hand, it may also for safety be put on ; in which the
head may be let down the third day.

119. A neck cradle for blistered horses is very convenient for
other occasions also, when the mouth is to be kept from licking or
biting other parts ; or to keep other parts from being rubbed against
the head. Il is of very simple construction, and may be made by a
dozen pieces of wood of about an inch and half diameter, as old
broom handles, &c. These bored at each end admit a rope to pass
through ; and as each is passed on, a knot may be tied to the upper
part of the pieces of the cradle, two inches apart ; and those which
form the lower part, four inches ; by which means the neck will be
fitted by the cradle when it is put en ; and the horse will be pre-
vented from bending his head to lick or gnaw parts to be protected.
When the lower parts of the legs, particularly the hinder, required
blistering, it is necessary to bear in mind that in gross full horses,
particularly in autumn, grease is very apt to follow blistering; and
almost certainly if the back of the heels below the fetlock be blis-
tered. First, therefore, smear this part overjwith lard or suet, and
afterwards avoid touching it with the ointment. After blistering in
summer, the horse is often turned out before the blistered parts aio
quite sound ; in this case guard them from flies by some kind o*
covering, or they may become fly-blown : and likewise on the fourth
or fifth day rub into the blistered part some oil or lard to prevent the
skin from cracking.

120. Sweating or liquid blisters, (Vet. Pha. 142,) are only more
gentle stimulants, which are daily applied to produce the same
effects on a diseased part without removing the hair. Of course lesa
activity is expected ; yet as the action is repeated, they are often
more beneficial even than blistering itself; as in old strains and
stiffnesses.

246 VETERINARY OPERATIONS.

121. Firing, as requiring the assistance of an experienced prac-
titioner, we shall not describe ; it will be prudent only to point out
that it is a more active mode of blistering ; and that it acts very
powerfully as a stimulant, not only while its effects last as blisters
do, but also after its escharotic effect is over, by its pressure ; and
in this way it is that it operates so favourably in bony exostosis, as
splints and spavins ; and in this way it is so useful in old ligamentary
weaknesses; because by lessening the dilatability of the skin it
becomes a continual bandage to the part.

Clystering and Physicking.

122. Clystering should always be preceded by back-raking, which
consists in oiling one hand and arm, and passing them up the fun-
dament, and by that means to remove all the dung balls that can be
reached. The large pewter syringe for clystering, is neither a useful
or safe machine. A much better consists in a turned box pipe, to
which may be attached a large pig or ox bladder, by which four or
five quarts of liquid can be administered at one time. (Vet. Pharm.
134, to 146.) The pipe should be previously oiled, by which means
it passes more easily : the liquor should then be steadily pressed up ;
and when the pipe is removed, the tail should be held down over
the fundament a little to prevent the return of the clyster. In some
cases of a spasmodic nature, as gripes and locked jaw, great force
is made by the bowels to return the clyster, and nothing but con-
tinued pressure over the fundament can enable it to be retained.
Clysters not only act in relaxing the bowels, but they may be used
as means of nutriment when it cannot be taken by the mouth ; as
in locked jaw, wounds of the mouth, throat, &c. &c. In locked
jaw, it was observed by Gibson, that he kept a horse alive many
days by clysters alone ; and by clysters also, many medicines may
be given more conveniently than by the mouth.

123. Physicking of horses. It is equally an error to refrain
altogether from giving horses physic, as it is to give it on every
occasion, as some do. Neither is it necessary for horses to be bled
and physicked every spring and autumn, if they be in perfect
health, and the less so, as at this time they are generally weak and
faint from the change going on in their coats — nor is it always
necessary to give to horses physic when they come from grass or a
straw yard ; provided the change from the one state to the other be
very moderately brought about. But on such a removal, it certainly
expedites all the phenomena of condition, (2) and such horses are
less likely to fall to pieces, as it is termed afterwards. (3.) In various
morbid states physic is particularly useful, as in worms, hide bound,

VETERINARY OPERATIONS. 247

Irom too full a habit, &c. &c. It is not advisable to physic horses
in either very cold or very warm weather. Strong physic is always
hurtful ; all that physic can do is as well operated by a mild as by
a strong dose, with infinitely less hazard. No horse should be
physicked whose bowels have not been previously prepared by
mashing for two days at least before. By these means the physic
will work kindly, and a moderate quantity only is requisite. Most
of the articles put into the purging balls for horses, to assist the
aloes, are useless. Jalap will not purge a horse, nor rhubarb either.
Aloes are the only proper drug to be depended on for this purpose,
and of all the varieties of aloes the socotorine and Cape are the best.
(Vet. Pha. 163.) Barbadoes aloes are also not improper, but are
thought more rough than the socotorine. For formulae of purging
balls, see Vet. Pha. (163.) Blaine gives the following as the process :

124. Physicking process. The horse having fasted an hour or two
in the morning from food, but having had his water as usual, give
him his purge, and two hours after offer him a little chilled, but not
warm water, as is often done, by which horses are disgusted from
taking any ; it may be here remarked that in this particular much
error is frequently committed. Many horses will" drink water with
the chill taken off, provided it be perfectly clean, and do not smell
of smoke from the fire, kettle or sauce-pan ; but few, very few, will
drink warm or hot water ; and still fewer, if it be in the least degree
greasy or smoky. After the ball has been given two hours, a warm
bran mash may be offered, and a very little hay. He should have
walking exercise as usual moderately clothed ; and altogether he
should be kept rather warmer than usual. At noon mash again,
and give a little hay, which should be repeated at night, giving him
at intervals chilled water. On the following morning the physic
may be expected to work ; which if it do briskly, keep the horse
quiet ; but should it not move his bowels, or only relax them, walk
him quietly half an hour, which will probably have the desired
effect. Continue to give mashes and warm water, repeating them
every two or three hours to support him. When physic gripes a
horse, give a clyster of warm water, and hand rub the belly, as well
as walk him out. If the griping prove severe, give him four ounces
of gin in half a pint of strong ale, which will soon relieve him. On
the next day the physic will probably set, but should it continue to
work him severely, pour down some boiled starch ; and if this fail,
turn to the directions under diarrhoea. (52.) The horse should return
to his usual habits of feeding and full exercise by degrees; and if
more than one dose is to be given, a week should intervene. It ia
often requisite to make the second and third doses rather stronger
22*

VETERINARY OPERATIONS.

than the first. A very mild dose of physic is likewise often given
to horses while at grass in very warm weather, and without any
injury. When worms, or skin foulness are present, and mercuria*
physic is deemed necessary, it is better to give two drachms 01
calomel in a mash the previous night, than to put it into the pur
ging ball.

Castration, Nicking, Docking, fyc.

125. The operations of castration, docking, nicking, aud that of
cropping, (which is seldom practised,) all require the assistance of
a veterinary surgeon ; and it is only necessary to remark of them,
that the after treatment must be the same as in all other wounds.
To avoid irritation, to preserve a cool temperature and a moderate
diet; and if active febrile symptoms make their appearance, to
obviate them by bleeding, &c. &c. It likewise is proper to direct
the attention of the agriculturist who attends to these matters him.
self, that the moment the wo-und following any of these operations
looks otherwise than healthy, locked jaw is to be feared, and no time
should be lost in seeking the best assistance that can be obtained.
(11.) See Mason, p. 148.

Bleeding.

126. Bleeding is a very common, and to the horse a very impor-
tant operation, because his inflammatory diseases, on account of the
great strength of his arterial system, run to a fatal termination very
soon and can only be checked in the rapidity of their progress by
abstracting blood, which diminishes the momentum of circulation.
Bleeding is more particularly important in the inflammatory dis-
eases of the horse ; because we cannot, as in the human, lower the
circulation by readily nauseating the stomach. Bleeding also lessens
irritation, particularly in the young and plethoric, or those of full
habit: hence we bleed in spasms of the bowels, in locked jaw, &c.
with good effect. Bleeding is general or topical. General as from
the neck, when we mean to lessen the general momentum. Topical
when we bleed from a particular part, as the eye, the plate vein, the
toe, &c. Most expert practitioners use a large lancet to bleed with ;
and when the habit of using it is acquired, it is by far the best
instrument, particularly for superficial veins where a blow might
earry the fleam through the vessel. In common hands the fleam as
the more general instrument is best adapted to the usual cases
requiring the agriculturists notice. Care should, however, be taken
not to strike it with vehemence, and the hair being first wetted and
smoothed down, it should be pressed close between the hairs, so

THE VETERINARY PHARMACOPEIA. 249

that its progress may not be impeded by them. A ligature should
be first passed round the neck, and a hand held over the eye, unless
the operator be very expert, when the use of the fingers will dispense
with the ligature. The quantity of blood taken is usually too small.
In inflammatory diseases, a large horse, particularly in the early
stage of a complaint, will bear to lose eight or ten quarts : and half
the quantity may be taken away two or three times afterwards, if
the violence of tke symptoms seem to require it ; and the blood
should be drawn in a large stream to do all the good it is capable of.
After the bleeding is finished introduce a sharp pin, and avoid
drawing the skin away from the vein while pinning, which lets the
blood escape between the vein and skin ; wrap round a piece of tow
or hemp, and next day remove the pin, which might otherwise
inflame the neck. In drawing blood let it always be measured ;
letting it fall on the ground prevents the ascertaining the quantity ;
it also prevents anv observation on the state of the blood ; which if
it form itself into a cup-like cavity on its surface, and exhibit a
tough yellow crust over this cavity it betokens an inflammatory
state of blood that will require further bleedings, unless the weak.
ness forbid. After the bleeding, it now and then happens from
rusty lancets, too violent a stroke with the blood stick, or from
drawing away the skin too much while pinning up, that the orifice
inflames and hardens, and ichor is seen to ooze out between its
edges. Immediately after this is discovered, recourse must be had
to an able veterinary surgeon, or the horse will lose the vein, and
perhaps his life.

THE VETERINARY PHARMACOPOEIA.

127. The following formula for veterinary practice
have been compiled from the works of the most eminent
veterinary writers of the present day, as Elaine, Clark,
Laurence, Peel, White, &c.; and we can from our
own experience also, confidently recommend the selec-
tion to the notice of agriculturists, and the owners
of horses in general. It would be prudent for such as
have many horses, and particularly for such as live at
a distance from the assistance of an able veterinarian,
to keep the more necessary articles by them in case
of emergence : some venders of horse drugs kee-p

250

THE VETERINARY PHARMACOPOEIA.

veterinary medicine chests : and where the compo-
sitions can be depended on, and the uncompounded
drugs are genuine and good, one of these is a most
convenient appendage to every stable.

128. The veterinary pharmacopoeia for oxen, calves,
and sheep has been included in the arrangement.
Where any speciality occurs, or where distinct recipes
are requisite, they have been carefully noticed ; it will
therefore only be necessary to be kept in mind, that
with the exception of acrid substances, as mineral
acids, &c. which no cattle can bear with equal impu-
nity with the horse ; the remedies prescribed require
about the following proportions : A large ox will bear
the proportions of a moderate sized horse ; a moderate
sized cow something less ; a calf about a third of
the quantity ; and a sheep about a quarter, or at most
a third of the proportions directed for the cow. It is
also to be remarked, that the degrees in strength in
the different recipes, are usually regulated by their
numbers, the mildest standing first.

129. Alteratives.

1.

Levigated antimony, 2 drachms.
Cream of tartar,

Flour of sulphur, each half an
ounce.

2.

Cream of tartar,
Nitre, of each half an ounce.

3.

^Ethiop's mineral,
Levigated antimony,
Powdered resin, each three
drachms.

Give in a mash, or in oats and
bran, a little wetted, every night,
or make into a ball with honey.

130. Tonic Alteratives.

1.
Gentian,

Aloes,

Ginger,

Blue vitriol, in powder, of each

1 drachm,
Oak bark in powder, 6 drachms.

2.
Winter's bark in powder, three

drachms.
Green vitriol, do. one and a half

drachms,
Gentian, do. three drachms.

Make either of these into a
ball with honey, and give every
morning.

3.

White vitriol, 1 drachm,
Ginger or pimento, ground, two

drachms,

Powdered quassia half an ounce,
Ale 8 ounces.

Mix and give as a drink.

THE VETERINRY PHARMACOPOEIA.

4.

Arsenic, 10 grains,
Oatmeal, 1 ounce.

Mix and give in a mash, or
moistened oats nightly.

131. Astringent Mixtures for
Diarrhoea, Lax or Scouring.

1.
Powdered ipecacuanha, one

drachm,

Do. opium, half a drachm,
Prepared chalk, 2 ounces,
Boiled starch, 1 pint.

2.

Suet 4 ounces, boiled in
Milk, 8 ounces,
Boiled starch, 6 ounces,
Powdered alurn, 1 drachm.

The following has been very
strongly recommended in some
cases, for the lax of horses and
cattle.

3.

Glauber's salts 2 ounces,
Epsom do. 1 ounce,
Green vitriol 4 grains,
Gruel, half a pint.

When the lax or scouring at
all approaches to dysentery or
molten grease, the following
drink should be first given.

4.

Castor oil, 4 ounces,
Glauber's salts, dissolved, two

ounces,

Powdered rhubarb, half a drachm,
Powdered opium, 4 grains,
Gruel, 1 pint.

132. Astringent balls foi Dia-
betes or pissing evil.

Catechu, [Japan earth] half an

ounce,

Alum powdered, half a drachm,
Sugar of lead, 10 grains,

Conserve of roses, to ma-ke a
ball.

133. Astringent paste for thrush,
foot-rot, foul in the foot, $-c.

Prepared calamine,

Verdigris, of each half an ounce,

White vitriol,

Alum, of each half a drachm,

Tar, 3 ounces : mix.

134. Astringent washes for cracks
in the heels, wounds, $-c.

1.

Sugar of lead, 2 drachms,
White vitriol, 1 drachm,
Strong infusion of oak, or elm
bark, 1 pint : mix.

2.

Green vitriol, 1 drachm,
Infuskm of galls, half a pint,

Mix and wash the parts three
times a day.

135. Powder for Cracks, $c.

3.

Prepared calamine, 1 ounce,
Fuller's earth, powdered,
Pipe clay, do. of each 2 ounces,

Mix and put within gauze, and
dab the moist surfaces of the
sores frequently.

136. Astringent Paste for Grease.

1.

Prepared calamine,
Tutty, powdered,
Charcoal, do. of each 2 ounces,
Yeast enough to make a paste.

2.

To the above, if more strength
be required, add of alum and ver-
digris each a drachm.

137. Astringent Wash for do.

3.

Corrosive sublimate, 2 drachms,
Spirit of wine or brandy 1 ounce,
Soft water, 10 ounces.

Rub the sublimate in a mor-
tar with the spirit till dissolved,
tben add the water. This is a
strong prepi ration, and has often
proved successful in very bad

252

THE VETERINARY PHARMACOPOEIA.

eases of grease, which have re-

sisted all the usual remedies.

138. Blisters.
1. A general one.
Cantharides powdered, 2 ounces,
Venice turpentine, do.
Resin, do.
Palm oil or lard, 2 Ibs.

Melt the three latter article
ogether, and when not too ho
tir in the Spanish flies.

2.

i39. A strong cheap blister, bu
not proper to be used in fevers o
inflammations, as of the lungs
bowels, <f-e.

Euphorbium powdered, 1 ounce
Oil of vitriol, 2 scruples,
Spanish flies, G ounces,
Palm oil or lard,
Resin, of each one pound,
Oil of turpentine, 3 ounces.

Melt the resin with the lard
or palm oil. Having previously
mixed the oil of vitriol with an
ounce of water gradually, as
gradually add this mixture to the
melted mass ; which again set on
a very slow fire for ten minutes
more : afterwards remove the
whole, and when beginning to
cool, add the powders previously
mixed together.

3.

140. A mercurial blister, for

splints, spavins, and ring bones.

Of either of the above, 4 ounces

Corrosive sublimate finely pow

dered, half a drachm.

141. Strong liquid blister.
Spanish flies, in gross powder, 1

ounce.

Oil of origanum, 2 drachms,
Oil of turpentine, 4 ounces,
Olive oil, 2 ounces.

Steep the flies in the turpentine
three weeks, strain off and add
the oii

5.

142. Mild liquid or sweating

blister.

Of the above one ounce,
Olive oil or goose grease, one
and a half ounces.

143. Clyster*.
1. A laxative one.
Thin gruel or broth, 5 quarts,
Epsom or common salts 6 ozs.

144. Clyster for Gripes.

Mash two moderate sized onions,
Pour over them oil of turpent'ne>

2 ounces,

Capsicum or pepper, half an oz
Thin gruel, 4 quarts.

145. Nutritious Clyster.

3.

Thick gruel, three quarts,
Strong sound ale, one quart.

Or 4.

Strong broth, 2 quarts,
Thickened milk, 2 quarts.

146. Astringent Clyster.

O.

Tripe liquor or suet boiled in

milk, three pints,
Thick starch, 2 pints,
^audanum, half an ounce.

Or 6.

Alum whey, one quart,
Soiled starch, two quarts.

147. Cordial Balls.
jJentian powdered, 4 ounces,
Ginger do. 2 ounces,
Coriander seeds do. 4 ounces,
faraway do. 4 ounces,
'il of aniseed, quarter of an oz
Make into a mass with honey,
reacle or lard, and give an ounce
nd a half for a dose.

148. Chronic Cough Balls.
a,omel 1 scruple,

THE VETERINARY PHARMACOPOEIA.

253

Gum ammoniacum,

Horse radish, of each 2 drachms,

Balsam of Tolu,

Squills, each one drachm.

Beat all together, and make
into a ball with honey, and give
«svery morning fasting.

149. Drink for the same.

2.

Tar water,

Lime water, of each half a pint,
Tincture of squills, half an oz.

150. Powder for the same.

3.

Tartar emetic, 2 drachms,
Powdered foxglove, half a

drachm,

Powdered squill, half a drachm,
Calomel, one scruple,
Nitre 3 drachms.

Give every night in a malt
mash.

151. Diuretic Balls.
Resin, yellow, 1 pound,
Nitre half a pound,
Horse turpentine, half a pound,
Yellow soap, quarter of a pound.
Melt the resin, soap, and tur-
pentine over a slow fire ; when
cooling add the nitre. For a
strong dose, an ounce and a
half, for a mild one an ounce.
It should be kept in mind,
that mild diuretics are always
equal to what is required ; and
that strong diuretics are always
hurtful.

152. Diuretic Powders.
Yellow resin, powdered, 4 ozs.
Nitre, ditto, 8 ounces,
Cream of tartar, do. 4 ounces.

Dose — 6, 8, or 10 drs. nightly,
which some horses will readily
eat in a mash.

153. Urine Drink
Glauber's salts, two ounces,

Nitre, 6 drachms.

Dissolve in a pint of warra
water.

154. Embrocations — cooling for
inflammations.

Goulard's extract, half an ounce,
Spirit of wine or brandy 1 ounce,
Soft water, 1 quart.

2.

Mindererus spirit, 4 ounces,
Water, 12 ounces.

155. For Strains.
Bay salt, bruised, half a pound.
Crude sal ammoniac, 2 ounces,
Sugar of lead, quarter of an oz
Vinegar one pint and a half,
Water, one pint.

156. For the Eyes.

Sugar of lead, 1 drachm,
White vitriol, 2 scruples,
Water, 1 pint.

2.

Brandy, 1 ounce,
Infusion of green tea, 4 ounces
Tincture of opium, 2 drachms,
Infusion of red roses, 4 ounces

3.

Rose water, 6 ounces,
Mindererus spirit, 3 ounces.

4.

Corrosive sublimate, 4 grains,
Alcohol, 1 ounce,
Lime water, 1 pint.

5.

Alum, powdered, 1 drachm,
Calomel, half a drachm.

Mix and insert a little at ono
corner of the eye. The custom
of blowing it in alarms the horse.

157 Fever Powders.

1.

Tartar emetic, 2 drachms,
Nitre, 5 drachms.
2.
Antimo lial powder, 2 drachm*,

254

THE VETERINARY PHARMACOPOEIA.

Cream of tartar,

Nitre, of each four drachms.

158. Fever Drink.
3.

Sweet spirit of nitre, 1 ounce,
Mindererus spirit, 6 ounces,
Water, 4 ounces.

159. Epidemic Fever Drink.

4.

Sweet spirit of nitre, 1 ounce,
Simple oxymel, 6 ounces,
Tartar emetic, 3 drachms,

160 Malignant Epidemic Fever.

iPf

Simple oxymel,
Mindererus spirit,
Beer yeast, of each 4 ounces,
Sweet spirit of nitre, 1 ounce.

161. Fumigations for purifying

infected stables, sheds, tyc.
Manganese, 2 ounces,
Common salt, do.
Oil of vitriol, 3 ounces,
Water, 1 ounce.

Put the mixed manganese and
salt into a bason ; then, having
before mixed the vitriol and wa-
ter very gradually, pour them
by means of tongs, or any thing
that will enable you to stand at
a sufficient distance, on the ar-
ticles in the bason gradually.
As soon as the fumes rise, retire
and shut up the door close.

162. Hoof Liquid.
Oil of turpentine, 4 ounces,
Tar, 4 ounces,
Whale oil, 8 ounces.

This softens and toughens the
hoofs extremely, when brushed
over them night and morning.

163. Purging Medicines.

Balls — very mild.
Aloes, powdered, 6 drachms,
Oil of turpentine, 1 drachm*

Mild.

Aloes, powdered, 8 drachms,
Oil of turpentine, 1 drachm.

Strong.

Aloes, powdered, 10 drachms,
Oil of turpentine, 1 drachm.

The aloes may be beaten with
treacle to a mass, adding, during
the beating, the oil of turpen-
tine. All spices, cream of tar-
tar, oil of tartar, jalap, &c. are
useless, and often hurtful addi-
tion^.

164. Liquid Purge.
Epsom salts, dissolved, 8 ozs.
Castor oil, 4 ounces,
Watery tincture of aloes, 8 ozs.

Mix — The watery tincture of
aloes is made by beating pow-
dered aloes with the yelk of
egg, adding water by degrees ;
by these means half an ounce
of aloes may be suspended in
8 ounces of water, and such a
purge is useful when a ball can-
not be got down, as in partial
locked jaw.

165. Scalding Mixture for Pott

Evil.

Corrosive sublimate, finely pow-
dered, 1 drachm,
Yellow basilicon, 4 ounces.

166. Foot Stoppings.

Horse and cow dung, each about

2 pounds. Tar, half a pound.

167. Wash for coring out, de.

straying fungus, or proud fesh,

$c. $c.

Lunar caustic one drachm,
Water, 2 ounces.

168. Wash for Mange.
Corrosive sublimate, 2 drachms,
Spirit of wine or brandy, 1 oz.
Decoction of tobacco,
Do. of white helebore, of each 1
pint

THE VETERINARY PHARMACOPOEIA.

255

Dissolve the mercury in the
spirit, and then add the decoc-
tions.

169. Ointments for healing.

Turner's cerate, two ounces,
White vitriol powdered, half a

drachm,
Lard, 4 ounces.

170. For Digesting.

2.

Turner's cerate, two ounces,
White vitriol, 1 drachm,
Yellow basilicon, 5 ounces.

171. For Mange.
Sulphur vivum, 8 ounces,
Arsenic in powder, 2 drachms,
Mercurial ointment, 2 ounces,
Turpentine, 2 ounces,
Lard, 8 ounces.

Mix, and dress with every
morning.

172. For Scab or Shab in Sheep,
Mallenders and Sellenders in
Horses, and foul blotches and
eruptions in cattle in general.

Camphor, 1 drachm,

Sugar of lead, half a drachm,

Mercurial ointment 1 ounce.

23

OF THE DISEASES OF

HORNED CATTLE.

173. Cattle are subject to some very dangerous dis-
eases, but as their life is less artificial, and their struc-
ture less complex, they are not liable to the variety of
aliments which affect the horse. The general pathology
of the horse and ox being little different, the funda-
mental rules for veterinary practice, and the requisite
medicines, when not particularized, will be found in the
Veterinary Pharmacopoeia, already given. (126.)

174. Mild fever, pantas or pantasia. Cattle sometimes appear
affected with heat, redness of the nostrils and eyelids ; they refuse
food, are dull, evacuate and stale with difficulty ; and the urine is
high coloured. These symptoms are often aggravated every other
day, giving it the appearance of intermittent affection. The com-
plaint is often brought on by over driving in very hot weather, occa-
sionally by pushing their fattening process too fast. If there be no
appearance of malignancy, and the heaving be considerable, bleed,
and give half an ounce of nitre in a drink night and morning ; bu\
unless the weather be cold do not house the animal.

175. Inflammatory fever is called among farriers, cow-leeches,
and graziers, by the various names of black quarter, joint felon,

DISEASES OF CATTLE. 257

quarter evil, quarter ill, showing of blood, joint murrain, striking
in of the blood, &c. Various causes may bring this on. It is some-
times epidemic, and at others it seems occasioned by a sudden
change from low to very full keeping. Over driving has brought it on.
No age is exempt from it, but the young oftener have it than the
mature. Its inflammatory stage continues but a few days, and
shows itself by a dull heavy countenance, red eyes and eyelids : the
nostrils are also red, and a slight mucus flows from them. Ths
pulse is peculiarly quick ; the animal is sometimes stupid, at others
watchful, particularly at first ; and in some instances irritable. —
The appetite is usually entirely lost at the end of the second day,
and the dung and urine either stop altogether, or the one is hard
and the other is red. About the third day a critical deposit takes
place, which terminates the inflammatory action : and it is to the
various parts on which this occurs, that the disease receives its
various names. The deposit is, however, sometimes universal, in
the form of a bloody suffusion throughout the whole skin lu
others, swellings from the joints, or on the back or belly ; and in
fact, no part is exempt from their attack. Sometimes the animal
swells generally or partially, and the air being suffused under the
skin, crackles to the feel. After any of these appearances have
come on, the disease assumes a very malignant type, and is highly
contagious.

176. Treatment of inflammatory fever. Before the critical abscess
form, or at the very outset of the disease, bleed liberally, and purge
also : give likewise a fever drink (158.) If, however, the disease be
not attended to, in this early stage, carefully abstain from bleeding
or even purging : but instead, throw up clysters of warm water and
salt to empty the bowels, and in other respects treat as detailed
under malignant epidemic. (15.) It may be added, that four drachms
of muriatic acid, in three pints of oak bark decoction, given twice
a day, has proved useful. The swellings themselves may be washed
with warm vinegar both before and after they burst.

177. Catarrh or influenza in cattle, also known by the name of
felon, is only a more mild form of the next disease. Even in this
mild form it is sometimes epidemic, or prevalent among numbers ;
or endemical by being local. Very stormy wet weather, changing
frequently, and greatly also in its temperature, are common causes.
We have seen it brought on by change of food from good to bad ,
nnd from too close pasturage. It first appears by a defluxion from
the nose ; the nostrils and the eyelids are red ; the animal heaves,
is tucked up in the flanks, and on the third day ho loses the cud.

258 DISEASES OF CATTLE.

There is a distressing and painful cough, and not unfrequently a
Bore throat also, in which case the beast almost invariably holds
down his head. The treatment does not at all differ from that
directed under the same disease in horses (13.) Bleeding only the
first two days, carefully sheltering, but in an open airy place, lit-
tering well up.

178. The malignant epidemic influenza is popularly called mur-
ain or pest ; and has at various times made terrible havoc among
jattle. Ancient history affords ample proof of its long existence,
and by the accounts handed down, it does not seem to have varied
its types materially. In 1757 it visited Britain, producing extreme
fatality among the kine. From 1710 to 1714 it continued to rage
on the continent with unabated fury, (Lancisiss Disputatio His-
torica de Bovilla Peste.) The years 1730 and 1731, and from 1744
to 1746, witnessed its attack, and produced many written descrip-
tions of it, among which stands pre-eminent that of Sauvages, the
celebrated professor of medicine, at Montpelier. The British visi-
tation of the malady in 1757, elicited an excellent work from the pen
of Dr. Layard, a physician of London, which was afterwards trans-
lated into several languages.

179. Symptoms of the murrain. Dr. Layard describes it as com-
mencing by a difficulty of swallowing, and itching of the ears,
shaking of the head, with excessive weakness and staggering gait ;
which occasions a continual desire to lie down. A sanious fetid
discharge invariably appears from the nostrils, and eyes also. —
The cough was frequent and urgent. Fever, exacerbiating, par-
ticularly at night, when it usually produced quickened pulse. —
There was constant scouring of green foetid dung after the first
two days, which tainted every thing around, even the breath, per-
spiration, and urine were highly fo3tid. Little tumours or boils were
very commonly felt under the skin, and if about the seventh or
ninth day these eruptions become larger, and boils or buboes appear
with lessened discharge of faeces, they proved critical and the animal
often, recovered ; but if on the contrary, the scouring continued, and
the breath became cold, and the mouth dark in colour, he informs
us mortality followed. Sauvages describes the murrain as showing
itself by trembling, cold shivers, nose excorated with an acid dis-
charge from it ; purging after the first two days, but previous to
which there was often costiveness. Great tenderness about the
spine and withers was also a characteristic, with emphysema, or a
blowing up of the skin by air discharged underneath it.

DISEASES OF CATTLE. 259

180. Dissections of those that have died of this disease, according
to Sauvages, have shown marks of great inflammation, and of a
great putrid tendency ; but the solid parts seldom ran. into gan-
grene. The fluid secretions however, always were sufficiently
dissolved and broken down by putridity. The paunch, he says,
was usually filled with undigested matter, and the other stomachs
highly inflamed : the gall bladder was also commonly distended,
with acrid thick brown bile. Goelich, who likewise dissected
these subjects, describes the gall as particularly profuse and in-
tolerably foetid. According to him, the whole alimentary canal,
from the mouth to the anus was excorated ; and Lancisi, contrary
to Sauvages, found the viscera of the chest and belly, in some cases
sphacelated and gangrenous. Gazola describes the murrain as
accompanied with pustulous sores ; and so great was the putrid
tendency, that even the milk, before it dried up, which it usually
did before the fourth day, became foetid.

181. The treatment of the murrain. In the very early stages, all
eminent authors recommend bleeding ; but which should not only
be confined to the very early periods, as to the two first days ; but
also to such subjects as by their previous health and condition can
Dear it. The animals should be placed in an open airy place ; the
litter should be frequently renewed ; and the place itself should be
fumigated with the preventative fumigation. (161.) It has been
recommended to burn green boughs with pitch as a substitute ;
even charcoal fires occasionally carried around the place would be
useful. Dr. Layard advises the body to be washed with aromatic
herbs in water ; but vinegar would have been better. In early
stages, saline purgatives, as from ten to twenty ounces of Epsom
salts are to be invariably used. If the scouring have already come
on, still, however, purge; but with only half the quantity; an arti-
ficial purge will carry off the morbid bile ; and if excessive weakness
do not come on, the same may be advantageously repeated. Setons
are also recommended in the dewlap. When abscess appear, they
may be opened, and their contents discharged, washing the wound
with brandy or vinegar, if putrid sloughing takes place. The em-
physematous swellings or cracklings, may also be opened, and the
air discharged. The other essentials of medical treatment, as
detailed under malignant epidemic among horses, is here applicable
in every particular. When recovery takes place, it is usually a
very slow process, and requires care to prevent other diseases super-
vening. The animal should continue to be housed, and neither
exposed to sun or wind for some time, and the feeding should be
nutritious. The following infallible cure of the bloody murrain in

23*

260 DISEASES OF CATTLE.

cattle, was given by Mr. Jones, of Gloucester county, Va. to Mr.
Benjamin Harrison, of Charles City County, Va. — " A quart of the
infusion of cedar berries, (containing about half a pint of the ber-
ries) was given at a time, and in nearly every case the good effects
were almost instantaneous : a considerable discharge from the
bladder and bowels followed, and in five or ten minutes time, the
animal began to eat. In nineteen cases out of twenty a perfect
cure was effected. It may be necessary to repeat the drench four
or five times."

182. The prevention of the murrain, or the prevention of its
spreading, in many respects is even more important than its medical
treatment. Where it has already appeared, all the out-buildings,
but particularly the ox-lodges or stalls, should be daily fumigated
with the preventive fumigation (161 ;) and, even the whole of the
infected districts should have frequent fires of green wood made in
the open air, and every such district should be put under rigorous
quarantine. The cattle on every farm should be carefelly examined
three or four times every day, and the moment one is found to droop,
he should be removed to a distance from the others. In very bad
weather, while it is prevalent, the healthy cattle should be housed,
and particularly well fed ; and their pastures should also be changed.
The bodies of those who die of the disease should be buried with
their skins on, very deep in the earth, and quick lime should be
strewed over them. — Prevention — Mr. Wrn. Minge, (of James
River, Va.) recommends tho me of a mixture of clay, salt, (in the
common proportion for stock) tar and powdered brimstone. For
fifty head, one gallon of tar and half a pound of brimstone, per week,
put in a trough to which the cattle had free access. The disease,
it appears, is endemic in Virginia, particularly in the districts bor
dering on tide water.

183. Phrenzy fever, or inflammation of the brain, called also
cough, now and then, but by no means frequently, attacks cattle
The symptoms differ but little from those which attack horses.-
The treatment must be exactly similar.

184. Inflammation of the lungs occasionally occurs in cattle, in
which also the symptoms, progress, and proper treatment, are similar
to those detailed under that head in horse pathology (31.)

185. Inflammation of the stomach sometimes occurs from poison-
ous matters ; and in such cases, when the nature of the poison is
discovered, the treatment detailed under poison in horse pathology

DISEASES OF CATTLE. 20 1

must be pursued. But there is a species of indigestion, to which
cattle are liable in the spring, from eating voraciously of the young
sprouts of wood ; to which some woods are more conducive than
others. The symptoms are heat, thirst, costiveness, lessened urine,
quick and hard pulse, with heat and redness in the mouth and nose ;
the belly is hard and painful, and the stools, when they appear, are
covered with glare. When the mouth and nose discharge a serous
fluid, the animal usually dies.

186. Treatment. Bleed at first, open the bowels by saline pur.
gatives (164.) After this give large quantities of nitrated water, and
clyster also largely.

187. The hove or blown in cattle is also an inflammatory affec-
tion of the paunch, ending in paralysis and rupture of its substance.
From the frequency of its occurrence, it has become a subject of
investigation with almost every rational grazier, and a particular
matter of inquiry with every agricultural body ; from whence it is
now very successfully treated by the usual attendants on cattle,
when skilful ; but when otherwise, it usually proves fatal. It is
observed to be more frequent in warm weather and when the grass
is wet. When either oxen, cows, or sheep, meet with any food
they are particularly fond of, or of which they have been long
deprived, as potatoes, turnips, the different grasses, particularly red
clover ; they eat greedily, and forget to lie down to ruminate ; by
which means the first stomach or paunch, becomes so distended as
to be incapable of expelling its contents. From this inflammation
follows, and fermentation begins to take place : a large quantity oi
air is let loose, which still adds to the distention, till the stomach
either bursts, or by its pressure on the diaphragm, the animal is
suffocated. This situation of the beast is known by the uneasiness
and general swelling of the abdomen ; with the circumstances of
the animal being found with such food, or the presumption that i*
has met with it.

188. Treatment. There are three modes of relieving the com-
plaint, which may be adverted to according to the degree of
distention, and length of time it has existed. These are internal
medicines ; the introduction of a probang of some kind into the
paunch by the throat: and the puncturing it by the sides. Dr.
Whyatt of Edinburgh, is said to have cured eighteen out of twenty
hoved cows, by giving a pint of gin to each. Oil, by condensing
the air, has been successfully tried. Any* other substance also, that
has.-a, strong power of absorbing air, may be advantageously given.

262 DISEASES OF CATTLE.

Common salt and water, made strongly saline, is a usual country
remedy. New milk, with a proportion of tar equal to one-sixth of
the milk, is highly spoken of. A strong solution of prepared am-
nionia in water often brings off a great quantity of air, and relieves
the animdfl. Any of these internal Ifcmedies may be made use of
when the hoven has recently taken place, and is not in a violent
degree. But when otherwise, the introduction of an instrument is
proper, and is now very generally resorted to. The one principally
in use is a species of probang, invented by Dr. Munro, of Edinburgh,
Another consisting of a cane of six feet in length, and of con
siderable diameter, having a bulbous knob of wood, has been invented
by Eager, which is a more simple machine, but hardly so effica-
cious. It is probable that in cases of emergency, even the larger
end of a common cart whip, dexterously used, might answer the
end. But by far the best instrument for relieving hoven cattle, as
well as for clystering them, is Read's enema apparatus, which is
alike applicable to horses, cattle, and dogs. It consists of a syringe,
to which tubes of different kinds are applied, according to the pur-
pose, and the kind of animal to be operated upon. There is a long
flexible tube for giving an enema to horses and cattle, and a smaller
one for dogs. To relieve hoven bullocks eifectually, it is necessary
not only to free the stomach from an accumulation of gas, but from
the fermenting pultaceous mixture which generates it ; for this pur-
pose a tube is applied to the extremity of the syringe, and then
passed into the animal's stomach, through the mouth, and being
put in action, the offending matter is discharged by a side opening
When the same operation is performed on sheep, a smaller tube is
made use of. The characteristic excellency of Read's instrument,
is, that there is no limit to the quantity of fluid that may not be
injected or extracted. The same syringe is used for extracting
poison from the stomach of man, for smoking insects, extinguishing
fires, and syringing fruit trees. The introduction of any of these
instruments may be effected by the help of an assistant, who should
hold the horn of the animal by one hand and the dividing cartilage
of the nose with the other ; while the operator himself, taking the
tongue in his left hand, employs his right in skilfully and carefully
introducing the instrument; the assistant bringing the head and
neck into such an attitude as to make the passage nearly straight,
which will greatly facilitate the operation. But when no instru-
ments can be procured, or as cases may occur when indeed it is not
advisable to try them, as when the disease has existed a considerable
time, or the animal has become outrageous, or the stomach so much
distended with air that there is danger of immediate suffocation or
bursting : in these instances the puncture of the maw must be

DISEASES OF CATTLE. 263

instantly performed, which is called pauncking. This may be done
with the greatest ease ; midway between the illium or haunch bone,
and the last rib of the left side, to which the paunch inclines ; a
sharp pen-knife is frequently used, and persons in veterinary prac-
tice should always keep a long trochar ; which will be found much
the most efficacious, and by far the most safe, as it permits the air
escaping certainly and quickly, at the same time that it prevents its
entrance into the cavity of the abdomen, which would occasion an
equal distention. As soon as the air is perfectly evacuated, and the
paunch resumes its office, the trochar may be removed ; and in what-
ever way it is done, the wound should be carefully closed with
sticking plaster or other adhesive matter. It is necessary to observe,
that this operation is so safe, that whenever a medical assistant
cannot be obtained, no person should hesitate a moment about doing
it himself. After relief has been afforded, a stimulant drink may
yet be very properly given, such as half a pint of common gin ; or
one ounce of spirit of hartshorn in a pint of ale ; or two ounces of
spirit of turpentine in ale, may any of them be used as an assistant
stimulus. When also the cud is again chewed, still some relaxation
of the digestive organs may remain ; at first, therefore, feed spar
ingly and give for a few mornings a tonic. [130 No. I.]

189. Inflammation of the bowels, or red colic, is by no means
unknown in cattle pathology ; the symptoms of which do not differ
from those common to the horse, and the treatment also, is in every
respect the same. (45.)

190. Inflammation of the liver, or hot yellows, sometimes occur,
in which case, in addition to the symptoms detailed under hepatitis
in the horse (58,) there is, from the presence of systic bile in the ox,
a more determined yellowness of the eye-lids, mouth, and nostrils ;
the treatment must be similar. (58.)

191. Inflammation of the kidnies, called red water, by the cow-
iceches, is not uncommon among cattle, and is perhaps dependent
on the lobulated form of these parts in them. The animal to the
other symptoms of fever, adds stiffness behind, and often straddles,
but always shrinks on being pinched across the loins, where fre-
quently increased heat is felt, the urine is sometimes scanty, and
now and then increased in quantity, but it is always first red, then
purple, and afterwards brown or black, when a fatal termination
may be prognosticated. The treatment has been fully detailed under
nephritis in the horse pathology, (60) and which consists in plentiful
oleedings, &c. but carefully abstaining from the use of diuretic?, aa
advised by ignorant cow-leeches

264 DISEASES OF CATTLE.

192. Black water is only the aggravated and latter stages of tho
above

193. Inflammation of the bladder also now and then occurs, and
in no wise differs from the cystisis of the horse, in consequences
and treatment. (62.)

194. The colics of cattle, arise from different causes ; they are
subject to a spasmodic colic, not unlike that of horses, and which is
removed by the same means. (53.) Costiveness also brings on a colic
in them, called clue bound, fardel bound, &c. which often ends in
red colic, unless early removed ; the treatment of this we have fully
detailed. (55.) Another colic is accompanied with relaxation of
bowels.

195. Diarrhoea, scouring, or scouring cow, is corsmon in cattle,
and is brought on by exposure to rain, improper change of food,
over driving, and other violences. It is essentially necessary that
the animals be taken under cover, kept warm and dry, and have
nutritious food allowed them. The medical treatment has been
detailed. (52.)

196. Dysentery or braxy, bloody ray, and slimy flux, differs from
simple scouring, in a greater degree of fever attending it, and in its
being an inflammation of a particular kind, and part of the intes-
tines. It is frequently dependent on a vitiated putrid state of the
bile, brought on by over driving in hot weather, low damp pastures
in autumn, &c. The discharge is characterized by its bad smell,
and by the mucous stringy patches in it, and also by its heat and
smoking when voided ; all which are very different from the mere
discharge of the aliments in a state of solution in diarrhoea, and
which differences should be carefully marked to distinguish the one
from the other ; treat as under dysentery in the horse. (49.)

197. Yellows. When active fever is not present, and yet cattle
are very dull, with great yellowness of eyelids, nostrils, &c. it
arises from some biliary obstruction, to which oxen and cows are
more liable than horses, from their being furnished with a gall
bladder ; it is a more common complaint in some of the cold pro-
vinces on the continent, where they are housed and stall fed all thft
year round, than it is in England. The treatment is the same as
detailed for chronic inflammation of the liver in horses (59) adding
in every instance to it, a change of pasturage, and if convenient,
into salt marshes, which will alone often effect a euro

DISEASES OF CATTLE. 265

198. Loss of the cud. This enters the list of most cow-leeches'
diseases, but is less a disease than a symptom of some other affec-
tion ; indeed it is evident that any attack sufficient to destroy the
appetite will generally occasion the loss of the cud. It is possible,
however, that an occasional local affection or paralysis of the paunch
may occur, particularly when it is distended with unhealthy sub-
stances, as acorns, crabs, the tops of some of the woody shrubs, &c.
The treatment in such cases consists in stimulating the stomach by
tonics, as aloes, pepper, and gin mixed; though these, as liquids
may not enter the stomach in common cases, yet in this disease or
impaired action of the rumen, they will readily enter there.

199. Staggers, daisy or turning, are sometimes the consequences
of over feeding, particularly when from low keeping, cattle ars
suddenly removed to better pasturage. Treat with bleeding and
purging.

200. Tetanus, or locked jaw, now and then attacks cattle, in which
case it presents the same appearances and requires the same treat,
ment as in horses. (11.)

201. Cattle surgery is in no respect different from- that in prac
tice among horses, the wounds are treated in the same manner.
Goring with the horns will sometimes penetrate the cavity of the
belly, and let out the intestines ; the treatment of which is the same
as in the horse. (56.) Strains, bruises, &c. are also to be treated
like these of horses.

202. Foul in the foot. This occasionally comes on of itself, but is
more often the effect of accident : cleanse it well and keep it from
dirt: — apply the foot paste. (166.)

203. Wornals, or puckeridge, are tumours on the backs of cattle
occasioned by a dipterous insect which punctures their skin, and
deposits its eggs in each puncture. When the eggs are hatched,
and the larvas or maggots are arrived at their full size, they make
their way out, and leave a large hole in the hide, to prevent which
the destruction of the egg should be attempted by nipping the
tumour, or thrusting in a hot wire.

204. Cattle obstetrics are not very varied ; young cows of very
full habits have sometimes a super-abundant secretion of milk before
calving, which produces fever and heat ; sometimes from cold taken ,
the same will occur after calving also : in either case, give mild dry
food, or hay ; bathe the udder also with vinegar and water ; in some

266 DISEASES OF CATTLE.

cases, warm -fomentations do best. If the fever run high, treat as
under fever in horse pathology.

205. The process of calving is usually performed without diffi-
culty; sometimes, however, cross presentations take place, and
sometimes a constriction of parts prevents the natural passage of
the calf. To act properly on these occasions, great patience is
required, and much mildness ; many cows have been lost by brutal
pulling ; we have seen all the men and boys of a farm mustered to
pull at a rope affixed about a calf, partly protruded, which, when it
was thus brought away, was forced to be killed, and the mother soon
died also from the protrusion of parts this bruta? force brought with
the calf. A steady, moderate pull, during the throes of the animal,
will assist much ; having first directed the attention to the situation
of the calf, and that the presentation is such as not to obstruct its
progress ; if it does, the calf must be forced back, and turned or
placed aright.

206. IVhethering, or retention of the after-birth or burden. It
sometimes happens that this is retained ; for which no better remedy
has been hitherto discovered than warm clothing and drenching
with ale, administered as a forcer.

207. The diseases of calves are principally confined to a species
of convulsions which now and then attacks them, and which some-
times arises from worms, and at others from cold. When the first
cause operates, it is then relieved by giving a mild aloetic purge,
or in default of that, a mild dose of oil of turpentine, as half an
ounce night and morning. In the second, wrap up the animal warm,
and drench with ale and laudanum a drachm. Calves are also very
subject to diarrhoea or scouring, which will readily yield to the
usual medicines. (131.)

208. Horn distemper or horn ail. A disorder incident to horned
cattle, by which the internal substance of the horn (commonly
called the pith, which is the spongy part of the bone) wastes away,
&c. This disorder may be known by a dullness in the countenance,
a sluggish motion, want of appetite, a desire to lie down frequently,
shake their head and appear dizzy, &c. To be sure of this disease,
take a small gimblet and perforate the horn 2 or 3 inches above the
head : if it is hollow and no blood follows, it is the hollow horn ;
This distemper is generally brought on by poverty, &c.

Bore each horn at the upper and lower side that the drain may
have vent, and administer at least two or three doses of salts or

DISEASES OF CATTLE. 267

some gentle purgative ; inject into the horn strong vinegar and cam-
phorated spirits of salt and vinegar : this will cleanse the horn and
effect a cure. Sawing off the horn is sometimes performed, but the
above receipt is preferable.

209. Vermin on cattle. It is found that a strong decoction of
tobacco washed over a beast infected with vermin will generally
drive them away. It sometimes will make the beast very sick for
a short time. But a better remedy is to mix a plenty of strong
Scotch snuff in train oil, and rub the back and neck of the creature
with it ; which will effectually kill or drive away all vermin from
a quadruped.

Salt — Let it be remembered, when given to animals, enables the
farmer to increase his live stock and keep them in health ; hence it
ought freely to be given to sheep and cattle of every description ;
but, to imitate nature, it should be previously dissolved and then
mixed with pure fine clay in a mass, which is to be placed under a
niieUcr so that the animals may lap it at pleasure.

268 DISEASES OF SHEEP.

THE

DISEASES OF SHEEP.

210. The diseases of sheep are numerous ; for these
animals are now so highly cultivated that they may be
regarded in some respects as artificial machines : and
thus, as a natural consequence, they are subject to a
variety of artificial defects and maladies.

211. The rot is a popular term among shepherds,
and includes within its range diseases widely different.
We shall not therefore follow the custom of treating
the different rots of sheep together ; but we shall allow
them to fall in the natural order, according to the plan
pursued with the diseases of oxen.

212. The inflammatory and putrid fever, popularly known by the
names higham striking or blood striking, does not differ materially
from the same disease in oxen and cows : and is in sheep also some-
times epidemic ; appearing by panting, dullness, watery mucus
from the nose and eyes, and great redness of all such parts as aro
usually white.

213. The red water. The inflammatory fever sometimes resolves
itself into an universal secretion of serum throughout all the cavi-
iies ; in which case after a few days, the lymph tinged with blood
will come away from the nose and mouth in large quantities. Some-
times after death the bloody serum is found suffused throughout
the &kin as in the blood striking of skins.

DISEASES OF SHEEP. 269

214. The claveau or sheep pox is also another variety of this dis-
ease, in which it takes on a pustular form. About the third day
small variolae appear : sometimes they are rather blotches than pus-
tules. The weakness is usually extreme, and the putridity great.
This form of the disease is seldom seen with us ; but it is still
known on the continent, where the pastures are very poor and
low, and the general keeping meagre.

215. The treatment of all these in no wise differs from that di-
rected under the inflammatory putrid fever of the ox. The doses
of medicines being about a third of what is directed for them.

216. Malignant epidemic or murrain. Sometimes an epidemic
prevails which greatly resembles the murrain of oxen ; in appear-
ances, termination, and treatment it resembles malignant epidemic
of oxen. (178.)

217. Peripneumonia or inflamed lungs, rising of the lights, glan-
derous rot, hose, $c. These terms are all modifications of an in-
flamed state of the viscera of the chest, caught by undue exposure,
bad pasturage, and often from over driving. The cough, trem-
blings, the redness of the eyes and nostrils, and the distillation of
a fluid from them, with the heavings and hot breath, are all simi-
lar to those which characterize pneumonia or rising of the lights
in oxen. We remember to have seen the disease strongly marked
in the February of 1808, on a farm in the neighbourhood of Streat-
ham ; where eleven sheep were attacked almost together, after a
very stormy night. They were first affected by a loss of appetite ;
next with a fixed steadfast look, which was common to every one
After this, they reeled about, fell backwards and became convulsed.
When seen, five were almost dead, whose internal appearances
fully confirmed the nature of the disease. The rest recovered by
bleeding and drenching, with drenches composed of nitre and tar-
tar emetic. Sometimes the symptoms of pneumonia do not kill
immediately, but degenerate into an ulceration of the lungs ; which
is then called the glanderous rot. This stage is always fatal : the
others may, by early attention, be combatted by judicious treat-
ment, as detailed under the same disease in oxen.

218. A chronic cough in sheep, when not symptomatic of rot, is
always cured by a change of pasturage, particularly into a salt
mash.

219. Inflammation of the stomach occurs from various causes. A

270 DISEASES OF SHEEP.

common one arises from eating noxious vegetables, and produces
the affections termed tremblings. It also produces the grass ill in
Iambs, which latter is always accompanied with black foatid fteces,
and is readily removed by an ounce of castor oil ; while the for-
mer usually yields to half an ounce of oil of turpentine, beaten up
with the yelk of an egg. Some herbs (as Atropa belladonna) when
eaten produce spasmodic affections, which are called by shepherds
leaping ill : in such cases the water solution of aloes (Vet. Pha
164,) in doses of two or three ounces is useful. Daffy's elixir we
have also known to be given with good effect.

220. The hove, blast, or wind colic. Sheep are as liable to be
distended with an enormous collection within the maw, as oxen.
An instrument similar to that invented by Dr. Monro is also made
for them ; and when not relieved by these means, the same reme-
dies are applicable, as are directed for oxen. (188.)

221. A wind colic will also sometimes affect sheep more from
the quality than the quantity of what they eat ; it is best relieved
by an ounce of castor or salad oil with an ounce of gin.

222. Inflamed liver, blood rot, or hot yellows, are liver affections
arising from fever settling in that organ ; or from obstructed bjle
irritating it. Sometimes there are great marks of fever, and at
others more of putridity ; according to which, treat as may be
gathered from ox pathology.

223. Jaundice also now and then occurs, when refer to that dis-
ease in oxen. (197.)

224. Dysentary, gall scour, braxy, are all affections brought on
by sudden changes of temperature, or of undue moisture acting
with cold pasturage. It is often seen in sultry autumns : — Treat as
under ox braxy. (196.)

225. Scouring is the diarrhoea of sheep, and in very hot weather
soon carries them off. It should be early attended to, by abstract,
ing the affected and housing them. The treatment is seen under
diarrhoea of oxen, Q95,) which it closely resembles.

226. Pinning, tag-belt, break-share. The two former are only
the adhesion of the tail to the wool, and the excoriation brought
on by diarrhoea ; the latter is the diarrhoea itself, known to some
by this term.

227. The rot in sheep is also called great rot, and hydropic rot,
<f-c. but it ia mere popularly known by the single term of rot.--

DISEASES OP SHEEP. 271

Many causes have been assigned for it, as the faciola hepatica, or
fluke worm ; some particular plants eaten as food ; ground eating ;
snails and other ingesta : but as most of the supposed deleterious
herbs have been tried by way of experiment, and have failed to
produce the disease, so it is attributable to some other cause. —
Neither is there reason to suppose that the fluke worm occasions
it, since we know the biliary vessels of other animals, as horses,
asses, rats, &c. often have them ; and above all, because that they
are not always present in the rotted subject. From long expe-
rience and the almost invariable effect produced by a humid state
of atmosphere, soil, and product, we are warranted in concluding
these are the actual and immediate agents ; perhaps the saturated
food itself is sufficient to do it. The morning dew has been sup-
posed equal to it. Bakewell, when his sheep were past service,
used to rot them purposely, that they might not pass into other
hands. This he always readily did by overflowing his pasturages.
But great differences of opinion exist as to the quantity, form, and
varieties of moisture productive of this fatal disease. It is said
that land on which water flows, but does not stagnate, will not rot
however moist ; but this is contradicted by the experience of Bake-
well, who used merely to flood his lands a few times only to rot
his sheep. It is also said that they are safe from rot on Irish bogs,
salt marshes, and spring flooded meadows, which experience seems
to verify. It is also said that the very hay made from unsound
land will rot ; but this wants confirmation. When salt marshes
are found injurious it is only in such years when the rain has satu-
rated, or rather super-saturated such marshes. That putrid exha-
lations unaccompanied with moisture can occasion rot, wants con-
firmation also ; for these commonly go together, and it is difficult
to separate their effects. It is not perhaps the actual quantity of
water immediately received by land, but the capacity of that land
to retain the moisture, which makes it particularly of a rotting
quality.

228. The signs of rottenness are sufficiently familiar to persona
about sheep. They first lose flesh, and what remains is flabby
and pale ; they lose also their vivacity. The naked parts as the
lips, tongue, &,c. look livid, and are alternately hot and cold in the
advanced stages. The eyes look sad and glassy, the breath 4
foetid, the urine small in quantity and high coloured ; and J1°
bowels are at one time costive and at another affected with 9 jiac^
purging. The pelt will come off on the slightest pull in allost a1'
cases. The disease has different degrees of rapidity, bu*s a*ways
fatal at last This difference in degree occasions ome rotted
24*

272 DISEASES OF SHEEP.

sheep to thrive well under its progress to a certain stage, when
they suddenly fall off, and the disease pursues the same course witn
the rest. Some graziers know this crisis of declension, as it has
been called, and kill their sheep for market at the immediate nick
of time with no loss. In these cases no signs of the disease are
to be traced by ordinary inspectors, but the existence of the flukes,
and still more a certain state of liver and of its secretions, are
characteristic marks to the wary and experienced.

229. The treatment of rot is seldom successful unless when it is
early commenced, or when of a mild nature ; a total change of
food is the first indication, and that to a dry wholesome kind : all
the farina are good, as the meals of wheat, barley, oats, peas,
beans, &c. Carrots have done good mixed with these ; broom,
burnet, elder, and mellilot, as diuretics, have also been recom-
mended ; but it is necessary to observe, that there is seldom any
ventral effusion but in the latter stages of the complaint. As long
as the liver is not wholly disorganized, the cure may be hoped by
a simple removal of the cause, which has been shown to be a va-
riable temperature, with excessive moisture of pasturage which
may also be aided by such remedies as assist the action of the
biliary system ; salt acts in this way, and thus salt mashes are good ;
salt may also be given in the water. Salt appears the principal
ingredient in Flesh's patent restorative for sheep, for it states it
to be composed of turpentine, sal ammoniac, turmeric, quicksil-
ver, brimstone, salt opium, alkanet root, bark, antimony, camphor,
and distilled water ; but in this medley none of the articles can be
in sufficient quantity to prove useful, but the salt. In the more
advanced stages of the disease, when the liver has become mate-
rially affected, it is prudent to rub the bellies of each sheep with
half a drachm of mercurial ointment every other day for a week ;
give also the following, every morning ; watery tincture of aloes,
half an ounce ; decoction of willow bark, four ounces ; nitric acid,
twenty-five drops.

230. The pelt rot, hunger rot, or naked disease, is a variety oJ
the former, but with this difference, that whereas the liver in the
hydroptic rot, is principally affected ; in this the whole of the

"hylopoietic viscera are injured ; the mesenteric glands are al-
w^s swollen and obstructed, and from thence arises the emacia-
tion nj unhealthy state of all the secretions, by which the rot
oeconK incapable of receiving nutriment, and falls off leaving
the D°d)^are, and in tjie iast stages the teeth and horns also
loosen, l^ifferent, unhealthy keeping, is a very common cause of

DISEASES OF SHEEP. 273

this malady, and a contrary course of feeding is the best remedy
when the disease has not gone on too long.

231. The scab, shab, ray or rubbers, are sometimes erysipelatoua
eruptions, and sometimes they are psoric or mangy ones. In the
former instance they are universal and very red, occasioning a great
heat and itching, and are thence called the rubbers : in such cases,
nitre administered quickly relieves, with change of food. The
eruptive scab is seldom cured without an external application *
either of those directed for mange, lowered to half the strength,
will relieve it once. (See Vet. Pha. 171 and 1720

232. Foot rot sheep have a secretory outlet between the claws
peculiar to them, which is liable to become obstructed : their feet
are also liable to become injured, and then diseased, from travel,
ling or continued standing on wet soils : but the real foot rot is an
endemial affection which sometimes attacks half of the flock. It
must be attended to by removing all diseased portions, and then
dressing with the thrush paste, or foot rot application, (Vet. Ph.
133,) and afterwards wrapping up from external exposure.

233. Staggers, gid, turnsick, goggles, worm under the horn, stur
dy, wateiy head, and pendro, are all popular terms for hydatids, or
an animal now known as the taenis globulus, which by some unac-
countable means, finds its way to the brain and settles itself there,
either in some of its ventricles or more frequently on its substance.
Their size varies from the smallest speck to that of a pigeon egg,
and the sheep it attacks are usually under two years old. These
animals are likewise occasionally found in all the natural cavities
of the body.

234. The appearances of cerebral hydatids are, stupidity, a dis-
position to sit on the rump, to turn to one side, and to incline the
head to the same while at rest. The eyes glare, and from oval,
the pupils become round. An accurate examination will now usu-
ally discover some softness at a particular part of the skull, gene-
rally on the contrary side to that which the animal hangs the head :
when no softness of the skull is discernable, the hydatid usually
exists in some of the ventricles, and the destruction of the sheep
is certain and quick, from the greater disturbance to the functions
of the brain ; but when it is situated on the surface, it sometimes
requires many months to destroy; an absorption of the bone takes
place and the hydatid increases, which produces the thinness in the
skull opposite to the affected part.

274 DISEASES OF SHEEP.

235. This disease is not incurable, as has been supposed, but it is
only relieved by a manual operation. In France it has been success,
fully treated by the application of the actual cautery : a pointed
iron, heated red hot, is forced through the skin and skull, to the
surface of the brain ; the principal nicity of which, is in penetrating
the hydatid with the hot iron without wounding the brain itself.
In England, some shepherds are very dexterous at wiring, which
they do by thrusting a wire up the nostrils tiirit rests against the
skull. In the passage of the wire, the hydatid is usually ruptured ;
others elevate the skull (by means of a trephine, or even a knife)
opposite to the soften portion, and extract the hydatid, if possi
ble, whole, which a little care will effect, by drawing it away
with a blunt pincer, gently moving it from side to side. Tapping
is merely letting out the fluid contents of the hydatid by an awl,
which is practised by some shepherds with success ; and if the
instrument be not thrust too far, the animal is never injured ; to
avoid which, it is passed obliquely. A well hardened gimblet is
a proper instrument, with which the skull is easily penetrated,
and an opening by the twisting of the instrument is made, suffi-
ciently large in the hydatid itself, to discharge its contents, which
is all that is sufficient to insure its destruction, and which, if no
other exist, is followed by immediate recovery.

236. Frontal worms. Sheep are observed to gather together,
with their noses thrust inward to avoid the attack of the oestrus
ovis, or fly, that lays its eggs on the inner margin of the nose,
which, having become hatched, the larva creep up into the fron-
tal and maxillary sinuses, to the torment of the sheep. It is re-
commended to cover their nostrils during the short stay of theso
insects, with a gauzy substance, through which the animal can
breathe, and keeping it on with some adhesive plaster, &c. or
daubing the nose often with tar, train oil, or mercurial ointment,
&c. Remedy — Take half a pound of good Scotch snuff, pour two
quarts of boiling water on it, stir it and let it stand till cold, inject
about a table spoonful up each nostril, with a syringe ; repeat three
or four times at proper intervals, from the middle of October to the
first of January. Half an ounce of assafoetida pounded in a little
water added to the snuff will make it more effectual. The owner
need not be alarmed after the operation to see the sheep very
drunk, &c. as they will soon recover.

237. Fluke worms are a parasitic animal, found in the biliary
sinuses, not only of the sheep, but of the horse, ass, goat, deer
&c. and whose existence is rather a consequence than a cause of
morbidity.

DISEASES OF SHEEP. 275

238. Diseases of lambs are confined to indigestion, and eruption
of secreted matter : the former shows itself in colic, which is re-
lieved as in sheep, and also by diarrhrea, to be likewise cured by
the means detailed for them ; the latter is more obstinate, begins
on the rump, gradually extending along the chine, and when it
becomes more universal, it usually destroys. The cure consists in
giving daily drinks of half a drachm of cream of tartar, and one
drachm of sulphur, in four ounces of chamomile decoction. Anoint
also with mild mercurial ointment and Turner's cerate in equal
quantities.

239. Poison. Sheep are often poisoned by eating laurel or ivy,
as it is commonly called (not the magnolium.) The symptoms of
which is their foaming at the mouth, then vomiting the half mas-
ticated leaves and green juice, by which the mouth of the animal
is discoloured. Remedy — Take a gill of sweet oil, hog's lard, or
fresh butter ; mix it with a pint of new milk. If taken seasonably
it will effect a cure. Or, an egg given to each of the diseased, in
the shape of a natural bolus, by simply breaking the egg snd slip-
ping the yelk, and as much white as practicable, down the throat
of the animal. The sheep, after swallowing the egg, will vomit
up the leaves and green juice, but none of the egg. To cows give
four times the quantity.

240. To destroy sheep ticks. Make a weak solution of arsenic,
in which the lambs are to be dipped a few days after shearing
the sheep, as the ticks having then no harbour on the old sheep,
will resort to the lambs for shelter — this is the time to destroy
them. Not the smallest injury will occur to the sheep, provided
you take care to keep the head out of the water. Three persons
are necessary — two to hold and dip the lamb, the third to squeeze
the wool while the lamb is held over the tub. Or — An ointment
made of Scotch snuff and hog's lard, or train oil, will kill or destroy
them by one application. One ounce of snuff to a pouud of lard
or oil, is about the proportion.

241. The castrating lambs, may be performed any time from the
age of a fortnight or three weeks, to that of a month or six weeks,
the lambs should be in a healthy state when it is done, as under
any other circumstance they are likely to be destroyed by it. The
operation is performed by opening the scrotum or cod and draw-
i-ng out the testicles with the spermatic cord. This is often dono
with the teeth in the young state of the animal, but when the ope-
ration is performed at a later period, it is usual to have recourse

276 DISEASES OF SHEEP.

to the knife, the arteries being taken up and secured by means of
ligatures or the searing iron ; the business to be done in fair wea
ther, when not too warm ; the gelded lambs, &c. should be kept in
a dry shelter and quiet situation for a few days.

Sore nipples. Lambs very often die of hunger from their dams
refusing them suck. The cause of this is sore nipples, or some
tumour in the udder, in which violent pain is excited by the strik-
ing of the lamb. Washing with sugar of lead and water, or spirits,
will remove the complaint.

OF THE

DISEASES OF SWINE.

242. Swine are subject to various diseases, but according to Lau-
rence, they are not easily doctored. They are subject, he says, to
pox or measles, blood striking, staggers, quincy, indigestion, catarrh,
peripneumonia, and inflammation of the lungs, called heavings.
When sick, pigs will eat, and they will take medicine in their wash ;
when they will not eat, there is no help for them. As aperients,
cleansers, and alteratives, sulphur, antimony, and madder, arc our
grand specifics, and they are truly useful. As cordials and tonics,
treacle and strong beer, in warm wash, and good peas and pollard.
In the measles, sulphur, &-c. and, if the patient require it, give cor-
dials now and then ; in staggers, bleeding, fresh air, and perhaps
nitre ; in catarrh, a warm bed, and warm cordial wash, and the same
in quincy or inflammation of the glands in the throat. If external
suppuration appear likely, discharge the matter when ripe, and
dress with tar and brandy, or balsam. The heavings or unsoundness
of the lungs in pigs, like the unsoundness of the liver in lambs, is
sometimes found to be hereditary ; there is no remedy. This dis-
ease in pigs is often the consequence of colds from wet lodging, or
hasty feeding in a poor state ; in a certain stage it is highly inflam-
matory, and without remedy. Unction with train oil, and the
internal use of it, have been sometimes thought beneficial.

243. Cutting and spaying. Cutting the young pig is performed
at six or seven weeks old, according to their strength ; in a week
after which they may be WEANED. After weaning shut up the sow
closely, feed well, and on the reflux of the milk, she will express
very loudly her desire for the company of the boar. It is necessary
to state that sows are voracious, and occasionally fierce and savage
animals, and have actually devoured young children. The sow is

278 DISEASES OF SWINE.

spayed while she gives suck, and the boar safely castrated at any
age. The operation of castrating is performed by cutting them
across the middle of each stone, then pull them gently out and
anoint the wound with tar. Spaying is performed by cutting in the
mid flank, on the left side, with a sharp knife or lancet, in order to
extirpate or cut off the parts destined for conception, and then stitch
up the wound, anoint the part with tar salve, keeping the animal
warm for two or three days. The usual way is to make the incision
in a sloping manner, two inches and a half long, that the fore finger
may be put in towards the back, to feel for the ovaries, which are
two kernels as big as acorns, one on each side of the uterus, one of
which being drawn towards the wound, the cord or string is cut,
and thus both taken out.

THE DISEASES OF DOGS.

244. The diseases of dogs are very numerous. The
following are described by JBlaine as the most preva-
lent, with their methods of cure.

245. The canine asthma is hardly ever observed to attack any
but either old dogs, or those who, by confinement, too full living,
and want of exercise, may be supposed to have become diseased by
these deviations frbm a state of nature. It is hardly possible to keep
a dog very fat for any great length of time, -without bringing it on.
This cough is frequently confounded with the cough that precedes
and accompanies the distemper, but it may be readily distinguished
from this by an attention to circumstances, as the age of the animal,
its not affecting the general health, nor producing immediate ema-
ciation, and its less readily giving way to medicine.

246. The cure is often very difficult, because the disease has in
general been long neglected before it is sufficiently noticed by the
owners. As it is in general brought on by confinement, too much
warmth, and over feeding ; so it is evident the cure must be begun
by a steady, persevering alteration in these particulars. The medi-
cines most useful, are alteratives, and of these occasionally emetics
are the best. One grain of tartarised antimony (i. e. tartar emetic)
with two, three, or four grains of calomel, is a very useful and
valuable emetic. This dose is sufficient for a small dog, ana may
be repeated twice a week with great success — always with palliation

247. Of diseases of the eye, dogs are subject to almost as great a
variety as ourselves, many of which end in blindness. No treat
ment yet discovered will remove or prevent this complaint.

25

280 DISEASES OF DOGS.

248. Sore eyes, though not in general ending in blindness, ard
very common among dogs. It is an affection of the eyelids, is not
unlike the scrofulous affection of the human eyelids, and is equally
benefitted by the same treatment : an unguent made of equal parts
of nitrated quicksilver ointment, prepared tutty and lard, very lightly
applied. Dropsy of the eyeball is likewise sometimes met with,
but it is incurable.

249. Cancer. The virulent dreadful ulcer, that is so fatal in the
human subject, and is called cancer, is unknown in dogs ; yet there
is very commonly a large schirrus swelling of the teats in bitches,
and of the testicles (though less frequent) in dogs, that as it some-
times becomes ulcerated, so it may be characterized by this name.
In the early state of the disease discutients prove useful, as vinegar
witli salt, and camphor and Spanish flies, with mercurial ointment,
have sometimes succeeded ; taking care to avoid irritating the part
so much as to produce blister. But when the swelling is detached
from the belly, and hangs pendulous in the skin, it had better be
removed, and as a future preventative suffer "the bitch to breed.
Schirrus testicles are likewise s vnetimes met with ; for these no
treatment yet discovered succeeds but the removal of the part, and
that before the spermatic chord becomes much affected, or it will
be useless.

250. Colic. Dogs are subject to two kinds of colic ; one arising
from constipation of the bowels, the other is a kind peculiar to dogs,
apparently partaking of the nature of rheumatism, and also of spasm.
From a sudden or violent exposure to cold, dogs become sometimes
suddenly paralytic, particularly in the hinder parts ; having great
tenderness and pain, and every appearance of lumbago. In every
instance of this kind, there is considerable affection of the bowels,
generally costiveness, always great pain. A warm bath, external
stimulants, but more particularly active aperients, remove the colic.
Colic arising from costiveness, is not in general violently acute from
the pain it produces ; sometimes, however, it appears accompanied
with more spasm than is immediately dependent on the confinement
of the bowels. In the former give active aperients, as calomel with
pil. cochioe, i. e. aloetic pill and clysters ; in the latter castor oil
with laudanum and ether.

251. Cough. Two kinds of cough are common among dogs, one
accompanying distemper, the other in an asthmatic affection of the
chest. (See 245, 252.)

252. Distemper. This is by far the most common and most fatal
among the diseases of dogs ; hardly any young dog escapes it — and
of the few who do escape it in their youth, three-fourths are attacked
with it at some period afterwards ; it being a mistake that young

DISEASES OF DOGS. 281

dogs only have it. It however, generally attacks before the animal
arrives at eighteen months old. When it comes on very early, the
chances of recovery are very small. It is peculiarly fatal to grey
hounds, much more so than to any other kind of dog, generally
carrying them off by excessive scouring. It is very contagious, but
it is by no means necessary that there should be contagion present
to produce it ; on the contrary, the constitutional liability to it is
such, that any cold taken may bring it on ; and hence it is very com-
mon to date its commencement from dogs being thrown into water,
or shut out on a rainy day, &c. There is no disease which pre-
sents such varieties as this, either in its mode of attack, or during
its continuance. In some cases it commences by purging, in others
by fits. Some have cough only, some waste, and others have
moisture from the eyes and nose, without any other active symptom.
Moist eyes, dullness, wasting with slight cough, and sickness, are
the common symptoms that betoken its approach. Then purging
conies on, and the moisture from the eyes and nose from mere mucus,
becomes pus or matter — there is also frequently sneezing, with a
weakness in the loins. When the disease in this latter case is not
speedily removed, universal palsy comes on — during the progress
of the complaint some dogs have fits. When one fit succeeds
another quickly, the recovery is extremely doubtful. Many dogs
are carried off rapidly by the fits or by purging; other waste gradu-
ally from the running from the nose and eyes, and these cases are
always accompanied with great marks of putridity.

253. The cure. In the early stages of the complaint give emetics ;
they are peculiarly useful. A large spoonful of common salt dis-
solved in three spoonfuls of warm water, has been recommended ;
the quantity of salt being increased according to the size of the dog,
and the difficulty of making him vomit. While a dog remains
strong, one every other day is not too much : the bowels should be
kept open, but active purging should be avoided. In case the com-
plaint should be accompanied with excessive looseness, it should be
immediately stopped by balls made of equal parts of opium, gum
arabic, prepared chalk, and conserve of roses with rice milk as food.
Two or three grains of James' powder may be advantageosuly given
at night, in cases where the bowels are not affected, and in the cases
where the matter from the nose and eyes betokens much putridity,
we have witnessed great benefits from balls made of what is termed
Friar's balsam, gum guaiacum, and chamomile flowers in powder.
Dogs in every stage of the disease should be particularly well fed.
A seton we have not found so useful as is generally supposed :
where the nose is much stopped rubbing tar on the upper part is

282 DISEASES OF DOGS.

useful, and when there is much stupidity and the head seems much
affected, a blister on the top is serviceable.

Or, Take one part aloes, two parts salt petre, and four parts sul-
phur ; incorporate the whole together, and take as much as will lie
on the point of a dinner knife, either put it into warm milk, and
drench the dog, or give it to him in slices of meat. Tie up your
dog for twenty-four hours after, and repeat the same in a day or two
after, should the dog not be relieved.

254. Fits. Dogs are peculiarly subject to fits. These are of
various kinds and arise from various causes. In distemper, dogs
are frequently attacked with convulsive fits, which begin with a
champing of the mouth and shaking of the head, gradually extending
over the whole body. Sometimes an active emetic will stop their
progress, but more generally they prove fatal. Worms are often the
cause of fits in dogs. These deprive the animal wholly of sense ;
he runs wild till he becomes exhausted, when he gradually recovers,
and perhaps does not have one again for some weeks. Confine-
ment produces fits and likewise costiveness. Cold water thrown
over a dog will generally remove the present attack of a fit ; and
for the prevention of their future recurrence it is evident that the
foregoing account of causes must be attended to.

255. Inflamed bowels. Dogs are very subject to inflammation
of their bowels, from costiveness, from cold, or from poison. When
inflammation arises from costiveness, it is in general very slow in
its progress, and is not attended with very acute pain, but it is
characterized by the want of evacuation and the vomiting of food
taken, though it may be eaten with apparent appetite. In these
cases, the principal means to be made use of, are the removal of
the constipation by active purging, clysters, and the warm bath.
Calomel with aloes forms the best purge. But when the inflam-
mation may be supposed to arise from cold, then the removal of
any costiveness that may be present, is but a secondary consider-
ation. This active kind of inflammation is characterized by violent
panting, total rejection of food and constant sickness. There is great
heat in the belly, and great pain ; it is also accompanied with great
weakness and the eyes are very red. The bowels should be gently
opened with clysters, but no aloes or calomel should be made use
of. The belly should be blistered, having first used the warm bath.
When the inflammation arises from poison, there is then constant
sickness, the nose, paws, and ears are cold, and there is a frequent
evacuation of brown or bloody stools. Castor oil should be given,
and clysters of mutton broth thrown up, but it is seldom any treat-
ment succeeds.

256. Inflamed lungs. Pleurisy is not an uncommon disease

DISEASES OF DOGS. 283

among dogs. It is sometimes epidemic, carrying off great numbers.
Its attack is rapid and it generally terminates in death on the third
day, by a great effusion of water in the chest. It is seldom that
it is taken in time, when it is, bleeding is useful, and blisters may
be applied to the chest.

257. Madness. The symptoms of madness are concisely summed
up by Daniel, in the following words : "at first the dog looks dull,
shows an aversion to his food and company, does not bark as usual,
but seems to murmur ; is peevish and apt to bite strangers ; his
ears and tail drop more than usual, and he appears drowsy ; after-
wards he begins to loll out his tongue and froth at the mouth, his
eyes seeming heavy and watery ; if not confined he soon goes off,
runs panting along with a dejected air, and endeavours to bite any
one he meets." As persons are continually alarmed at the approach
of every strange dog, the following observations founded on expo-
rience may be of service in knowing what dogs to avoid : I have
seen many mad dogs but never knew one in that state to curl its
tail. This is a certain indication of not being mad : If you see a
dog dirty at the mouth, coming at a trot with his head high, and a
drooping tail avoid him as a viper. Or if you see one sitting sickly
and dirty at the mouth, avoid him, though it is not likely that he
will snap at you in that period of the disease. I never met a mad
dog, on being pursued, (if his pursuers were not in actual reach to
stone him, &/c.) to exhibit any signs of fear, he generally goes if
not impeded, in a straight line against the wind at a brisk trot,
wholly unconcerned at the shouts of the multitude pursuing him,
and never squats his tail. I never knew a dog that was not mad, on
being pursued and shouted after by a number of people, not to exhibit
every symptom of terror — squatting his tail, turning his head and
scampering in every direction. If a mad dog escapes being killed,
he seldom runs above two or three days, when he dies, exhausted
with heat, hunger, and disease. As this is a subject of no slight
importance, we shall stand excused for introducing the criteria as
described by Elaine, whose account of the disease founded on long
experience and attentive observation, is calculated to remove many
unfounded and dangerous prejudices relative to it. He describes it
as commencing sometimes by dullness, stupidity and retreat from
observation ; but more frequently, particularly in these dogs that
are immediately domesticated around us, by some alteration in their
natural habits ; as a disposition to pick up and swallow every minute
object on the ground; or to lick the parts of another dog incessantly,
or to lap his own urine, &c. About the second or third day, the
disease usually resolves itself into one of two types. The one is cai-
led raging and the other dumb madness. These distinctions are not

25*

284 DISEASES OF DOGS.

however always clear ; and to which is owing so much of discrep-
ancy in the accounts given by different persons of the disease.

258. The raging madness, by its terra has led to an erroneous
conclusion, that it is accompanied with violence and fury, which
however, is seldom the case : such dogs are irritable and snappish,
and will commonly fly at a stick held to them, and are impatient of
restraint ; but they are seldom violent except when irritated or
worried. On the contrary, till the last moment they will often
acknowledge the voice of their master and yield some obedience to
it. Neither will they usually turn out of their way to bite human
persons, but they have an instinctive disposition to do it to dogs,
and in a minor degree to other animals also ; but as before observed,
seldom attack mankind without provocation.

259. Dumb madness is so called, because there is seldom any
barking heard, but more particularly, because the jaws drop para-
lytic, and the tongue lolls out of the mouth, black, and apparently
strangulated : a strong general character of the disease, is the dis-
position to scratch their bed towards their belly ; and equally so is
the general tendency to eat trash, as hay, straw, wood, coals, dirt,
&c. and it sbould be remembered, that this is so very common and
so invariable, that the finding these matters in the stomach after
death, should always render a suspicion formed of the existence of
the disease, confirmed into certainty. Blaine is also at great pains
to disprove the notion generally entertained that rabid dogs are
averse to water ; and neither drink or come near it. This error, he
contends, has led to most dangerous results; and is so far from
true, that mad dogs, from their heat and fever, are solicitous for
water, and lap it eagerly. When the duinb kind exists in its full
force, dogs cannot swallow what they attempt to lap ; but still they
will plunge their heads in it, and appear to feel relief by it : but in
no instance out of many hundreds, did he ever discover the smallest
aversion to it. He lays very great stress on the noise made by
rabid dogs, which he says is neither a bark nor a howl, but a
tone compounded of both. It has been said by some that this
disorder is occasioned by heat or bad food, and by others that
it never arises from any other cause but the bite. Accordingly
this malady is rare in the northern parts of Turkey, more rare in
the southern parts of that empire, and totally unknown under
the burning sky of Egypt. At Aleppo, where these animals
perish in great numbers for want of water and food, and by the
heat of the climate, this disorder was never known. In other
parts of Africa and in the hottest zone in America, dogs are ne-
•"er attacked with madness. Blaine knows of no instance of the
complaint being cured, although he lias tried to their fullest extent,

DISEASES OP DOGS. 285

the popular remedies of profuse bleedings, strong mercurial and ar-
senical doses, vinegar, partial drowning, night shade, water plan-
tain, &c. he therefore recommends the attention to be principally
directed towards the prevention of the malady.

260. The preventive treatment of rabies or madness, is according
to Blaine, always an easy process in the human subject, from the
immediate part bitten, being easily detected ; in which case the
removal of the part by excision or cautery is an effectual remedy.
But unfortunate for the agriculturist, it is not easy to detect the
bitten parts in cattle, nor in dogs ; and it would be therefore most
desirable if a certain internal preventive were generally known.
Dr. Mead's powder, the Ormskirk powder, sea bathing, and many
other nostrums are deservedly in disrepute : while a few country
remedies, but little known beyond their immediate precincts, have
maintained some character. Conceiving that these must all pos-
sess some ingredient in common, he was at pains to discover it :
and which he appears to have realized by obtaining among others
the compositions of Webb's Watford drink. In this mixture, which
is detailed below, he considers the active ingredient to be the buxus
or box, which has been known as a prophylactic as^ong as the
times of Hippocrates and Celsus, who both mention it. The reel,
pe detailed below has been administered to nearly three hundred
animals of different kinds, as horses, cows, sheep, swine and dogs :
and appears to have succeeded in nineteen out of every twenty cases
where it was fairly taken and kept on the stomach. It appears
also equally efficacious in the human subject ; in which case he
advises the extirpation of the bitten parts also. The box preven-
tive is thus directed to be prepared : — Take of the fresh leaves of
the tree-box, two ounces; of the fresh leaves of rue, two ounces; of
sage, half an ounce ; chop these fine and boil in a pint of water to
half a pint ; strain carefully, and press out the liquor very firmly ;
put back the ingredients into a pint of milk, and boil again to half
a pint ; strain as before ; mix both liquors, which forms three do-
ses for a human subject. Double this quantity is proper for a horse
or cow. Two-thirds of the quantity is sufficient for a large, dog ;
half for a middling sized, and one-third for a small dog. Three do-
ses are sufficient, giving each subsequent morning fasting, the quan-
tity directed being that which forms these three doses. As it some-
times produces strong effects on dogs, it may be proper to begin
with a small dose, but in the case of dogs we hold it always pru-
dent to increase the dose till the effects are evident, by the sick-
ness, panting, and uneasiness of the dog. In the human subject
where this remedy appears equally efficacious, we have neVer wic-
nessed any unpleasant or artive effects, neither are such obsarveci

286 DISEASES OF DOGS.

in cattle of any kind. About forty human persons have taken this
remedy, and in every instance it has succeeded equally as with ani-
mals : but candor obliges us to notice that in a considerable pro-
portion of these, other means were used, as the actual or potential
cautery : but in all the animals other means were purposely omit-
ted. That this remedy therefore has a preventive quality, is un-
questionable, and now perfectly established ; for there was not tho
smallest doubt of the animals mentioned either having been bitten,
or of the dog being mad who bit them, as great pains were in every
instance taken to ascertain these points.

261. To prevent canine madness. Pliny recommends worming
of dogs ; and from his time to the present it has had, most de-
servedly says Daniel its advocates. He tells us, that he had various
opportunities of proving the usefulness of this practice, and re-
commends its general introduction. The fact, however, is, that
taking out the worm has nothing to do with annihilating the dis-
order, although it will most certainly hinder the dog seized with
it from doing any hurt to man or beast. A late author asserts, he
had three dogs that were wormed, bit by mad dogs at three se-
veral periods, yet notwithstanding they all died mad — they did
not bite, nor do any mischief, that being determined to make a
full experiment, he shut one of the mad dogs up in a kennel, and
put to him a dog he did not value — the mad dog often run at the
other to bite him, but his tongue was so swelled that he could
not make his teeth meet ; the dog was kept in the kennel until
the mad one died, and was purposely preserved for two years af-
terwards, to note the effect, but he never ailed any thing, although
no remedies were applied to check any infection that might have
been received from the contact of the dog. The writer has had
various opportunities of proving the usefulness of worming, and
inserts three of the most striking instances, under the hope of in-
ducing its general practice. A terrier-bitch went mad, that was
kept in a kennel with forty couple of hounds ; not a single hound
was bitten, nor was she seen to offer to bite. The bitch being of
a peculiar sort, every attention was paid to the gradations of the
disease (which were extremely rapid) minutely noted ; the hy-
drophobia was fast approaching before she was separated from
the hounds, and she died the second day after ; at first warm milk
was placed before her, which she attempted to lap, but the throat
refused its functions ; from this period she never tried to eat or
drink, seldom rose up, or even moved, the tongue swelled very
much, and long before her death the jaws were distended by it.
A spaniel was observed to be seized by a strange dog, and was
oit in the lip ; the servant who ran up to part them narrowly es-

DISEASES OF DOGS. 287

coped, as the dog twice flew at him ; a few minutes after tiro
dog had quitted the yard, the people who had pursued, gave no-
tice of the dog's madness, who had made terrible havoc in a
course of ten miles from whence he had set off. The spaniel was
a great favourite, had medicine applied, and every precaution ta-
ken ; upon the fourteenth day he appeared to loathe his food, and
his eyes looked unusually heavy : the day following he endeavored
to lap milk, but could swallow none ; from that time the tongue
began to swell : he moved but seldom and on the third day he died ;
for many hours previous to his death, the tongue was so enlarged,
that the fangs or canine teeth could not meet each other by up.
wards of an inch. The hounds wer'e some years after parted with,
and were sold in lots : a madness broke out in the kennel of the
gentleman who purchased many of them, and although several of
these hounds were bitten and went mad, only one of them ever
attempted to bite, and that was a hound from the Duke of Port-
land's, who in the operation of worming had the worm broke by
his struggling, and was so troublesome that one half of it was suf-
fered to remain ; the others all died with symptoms similar to the
terrier and spaniel, viz : a violent swelling of the tongue, and a
stupor rendering them nearly motionless, and both which symp-
toms seemed to increase with the disease. The idea that worming
prevents a dog from receiving the infection when bitten should be
exploded ; but the foregoing show how far it may be recommended
for the restriction of a malady horrid in its effects, where a human
being is concerned, and which to the sportsman and farmer are at-
tended with such dangerous and expensive consequences. Blaine
on the contrary, asserts, that the practice of worming is wholly
useless and founded in error ; and that the existence of any thing
like a worm under the tongue is incontestibly proved to be false ;
and that what has been taken for it, is merely a deep ligature of
the skin, placed there to restrain the tongue in its motions. He
also observes, that the pendulous state of the tongue in what is
called dumb madness, with the existence of a partial paralysis of
the under.jaw, which they could not bite, having happened to dogs
previously wormed, has made the inability to be attributed to this
source, but which is wholly an accidental circumstance ; and hap.
pens equally to the wormed and unwormed dog.

262. The worming of whelps is performed with a lancet, to slit
the thin skin which immediately covers the worm ; a small awl is
then to be introduced under the centre of the worm to raise it up ;
the farther end of the worm will with very little force make its
appearance, and with a cloth taking hold of that end, the other
will be drawn out easily ; care should be taken that the whole of

288 DISEASES OF DOGS.

the worm comes away without breaking, and it rarely breaks un-
less cut into by the lancet, or wounded by the awl.

263. Mange. This is a very frequent disease in dogs, and is an
affection of the skin, either caught by contagion, or generated by
the animal. The scabby mange breaks out in blotches along t'ho
back and neck and is common to Newfoundland dogs, terriers,
pointers, and spaniels, and is the most contagious. The cure
should be begun by removing the first exciting cause, if remova-
ble, such as filth or poverty ; or, as more general the contrary
(for both will equally produce it,) too full living. Then an ap-
plication should be made to the parts, consisting of sulphur and
sal ammoniac : tar lime water will also assist. When there is much
heat and itching, bleed and purge. Mercurials sometimes assist,
but they should be used with caution ; dogs do not bear them well.
Or, fresh butter, free from salt, quarter ©fa pound ; red precipitate,
one ounce ; Venice turpentine, one ounce : mix the whole well to-
gether, and put it into a pot for use, rub it on the parts affected
morning and evening, keep your dog tied up, and keep him warm
and dry for some days.

264. Worms. Dogs suffer very much from worms, which as in
most animals, so in them are of several kinds: but the effects pro-
duced are nearly similar. • In dogs having the worms the coat gen-
erally stares ; the appetite is ravenous though the animal frequently
does not thrive ; the breath smells, and the stools are singular,
sometimes loose and slimy, and at others hard and dry ; but the
most evil they produce is occasional fits, or sometimes a continued
state of convulsion, in which the animal lingers sometime and then
dies ; the fits they produce are sometimes of the violent kind ; at
others they exhibit a more stupid character, the dog being senseless
and going round continually. The cure consists while in this state,
in active purgatives joined with opium, and the warm bath ; any
rough substance given internally, acts as a vermifuge to prevent
the recurrence.

ADDENDA.

ANNALS OF THE TURF

AND

AMERICAN STUD BOOK,

RULES OF TRAINING, RACING, &c.

RESPECTFULLY INSCRIBED

AMATEUR, SPORTSMAN, AND BREEDER

OF THE

AMERICAN TURF HORSE.

EDITOR'S PREFACE.

THE Publisher of the following work, with a view
to an extension of its value, and to bestow on posterity
a list of some of our most celebrated blood horses and
mares, as well as those that have been imported, has
added, with all the care the object so well merits, an
AMERICAN STUD BOOK, that such as may wish to breed
from a particular stock, may trace the pedigree, in a
way more satisfactory than vague report. The pub-
lisher thankfully acknowledges, that he is much in-
debted for information derived from the "American
Farmer," and "American Turf Register" edited by
J. S. Skinner, Esq. of Baltimore, to which works he
confidently refers such of his readers as may wish fur-
ther information as to the performance of many gf the
stud herein noticed, as well as for other particulars,
perhaps too numerous for insertion in a small volume.

The publisher will not deny, that errors may una-
voidably occur in a work of this sort ; but he offers it
with a confidence, nevertheless, that it contains a
greater number of pedigrees of blooded horses, than
has been ever before published in our country ; and
that it will be considered, at least, as meriting the con-
sideration which should attach to a work, possibly
proving an introduction to a complete Stud Book.

ANNALS OF THE TURF.

Respectfully inscribed to the Amateur ', Sportsman,
and Breeder of the American Turf Horse.

Annals of the Turf. — " THE transcendent consequence of the
horse to man in every possible stage of human existence, has been
the invariable theme of writers on the subject from the earliest
records of time. Indeed it is impossible to conceive any other, out
of the vast variety of animals destined by nature to human use,
which can, with the least prospect of success, dispute with the
favourite horse the palm of his master's predilection and attachment.
It is an attachment of a truly rational nature, and to a most worthy
object. The very idea of being supported at ease by an auxiliary
and borrowed animal power, and of being safely borne from place
to place, at will, with a pleasant and gentle motion, or with the
rapidity of lightning, must have impressed the mind of the first dis-
coverers of the mighty benefits of the horse, with ineffable delight.
Such sentiments and feelings respecting this noble animal have been
constantly entertained and handed down to us from the earliest
ages. The general beauty, the harmony of proportion, the stateli-
ness and delicacy of the superior species of this paragon of brute
animals, could not fail of inspiring admiration in the breasts even
of savage and untutored men. Time and the improving faculties of
man, gradually developed the various uses aud qualifications of the
horse. Endowed by nature with a portion of intellect, with a
generous pliability of disposition and fortitude of heart, with vast
and energetic bodily powers, he was found capable of bearing a sort
of social part in all the pleasures and labours of man. He was
associated with his master in the pleasures of the journey and the
chase ; he shares willingly and with ardour in the dangers of the
martial field ; and with a steady prowess partook in the humble
labours of cultivating the soil for mutual subsistence. By the most
illustrious nations of either ancient or modern times, the horse has
ever been esteemed of the highest worth and consequence, and
treated with a distinction and attendance befitting his rank as the
first of domestic animals, approximating in society and service to
human nature. It is among the most savage and debased tribes of
men only, that the breed, condition, and comforts of this noble ani-
mal have been neglected."

This quotation from a very splendid English work on the blood
horse, is no less just in sentiment than beautiful in language. It
is proposed to treat of the value of the blood horse to our common
stocks, and of the various uses to which his conformation adapts
him. It has at every period been fashionable with a certain class
of moralists, who were more rigid than correct, to decry the sports
of the turf; and, further, to contend that the breed of horses having
received all the improvement of which it is susceptible, from the
blood horse, the further propagation of the latter is useless ; they
26

292 ANNALS OE THE TURF.

would further have horse racing abolished, and the horses applied
generally as stallions. But the use which these sort of reasoners
would propose to derive from the racing breed, would soon destroy
itself. They do not consider that in racing the necessity for thor-
ough blood, is obvious and imperative, and such is a sure ground
of its preservation. Were the sports of the turf to be abandoned,
that unerring test, by which to ascertain the purity of the blood,
and the other requisite qualities of the race horse, would be lost,
and consequently, that glorious and matchless species, the thorough
bred courser, would in no great length of time, become extinct
among us — and with him all his noble and valuable properties, and
his place be supplied by a gross, ill-shaped, or spider legged mongrel,
which would insure the degeneration of the whole race. I would
ask, is not a cross of the blood horse upon the common stock in-
dispensable to insure us light footed and quick moving saddle hor-
ses ? Where do we go for the parade or cavalry horse if it is not
the blooded stock, or to those highly imbued with that blood ? Did
not the speed and wind of the cavalry horses of Colonels Lee and
Washington, during the revolutionary war, give those commanders
a decided superiority over the enemy in the kind of warfare they
waged, where celerity of movement was all important? and were
not those horses procured in Maryland and Virginia, and partook
of the best racing blood of those states? The value of the blood, or
southern horse, from their ability to carry high weights, was strongly
exemplified in the wars of the ancients; as they rode to war in
heavy armour, and always selected and preferred for this purpose
their highest bred horses, which were also frequently covered, like
their riders, in heavy armour. In former times in England, their
hunters were only half bred horses, but later observations and expe-
rience have fully convinced them that only those that are thorough
bred (notwithstanding the popular clamour of their deficiency in
bone) are adequate in speed, strength, and durability, to long and
severe chases with fleet hounds, particularly over a deep country,
and that they will always break down any horses of an opposite
description that may be brought into the field.

The value of the racing blood when crossed upon the common
cart breed is also apparent in making them superior in the plough
and wagon, provided they have the requisite size, arising from
quicker action and a better wind particularly in the long hot days
of summer. There is the same difference of motion between the
racer and the common bred horse as between a coach and a cart.
It is moreover a fact, although not generally known, that no other
horses are capable of carrying with expedition such heavy weights ;
and were " a thirty stone plate (420 Ibs.) to be given, and the dis-
tance made fifty miles, it would be everlastingly won by the thor-
ough bred horse. There is only one way in which a bred horse would
be beat at high weights ; it would be (to use a queer phrase,) to
make it a stand still race ; in that case, I would back a cart horse ;
I think he would beat a racer by hours."

The strength of the race horse, and his ability to carry high
weights, arise from the solidity of his bones, the close texture of his
fibres, the bulk and substance of his tendons, and, from his whole

AJNNALS OF THE TURF. 293

peculiar conformation. His superior speed and endurance originate
from his obliquely placed shoulders, depth in the girth, deep oval
quarters, broad fillets, pliable sinews, and from the superior duc-
tility and elasticity of his muscular appendages.

It is also from the blood horse that we acquire fineness of skin
and hair, symmetry and regularity of proportions, elegance and
grandeur. As a proof of the latter qualities, the highest dressed
horses of the ancient emperors are invariably of the highest cast of
Arabian or Southern blood.

The object of the preceding remarks was to show the impolicy
of discouraging the sports of the turf, as being the indispensable
test by which to try the purity of our blooded stock, and the only
certain means of insuring its preservation ; that the thorough bred
horse was beyond all question, the most useful species of the whole
genus, since he was applicable to every possible purpose of labour
in which horses are used, either for the saddle, for war, parade,
hunting, the road or quick draught, and even for the laborious ser-
vices of the wagon and plough. It now only remains to make some
remarks (as connected with the above tepics) on the standing and
prospects of future patronage which the sports of the turf have in
England and this country. It is an undeniable fact that the high
degree of improvement to which the blood of stock horses in Eng-
land have attained, is mainly owing to the liberal and weighty pa-
tronage which has invariably been extended to the sports of the
turf in that country ; it is patronised as a national amusement by
the royal favour and munificence, and directly encouraged by the
most distinguished nobility and gentry ; by men who are ranked as
her chief statesmen. The decline of this sport has frequently been
predicted in that country, particularly at unfortunate periods of
war and distress ; but it has been steadily maintained for more than
a century, with few or no fluctuations, and is at this time in a high
state of prosperity. Never were so many thorough bred stallions
kept in England as at present — never was New Market, Epsom, or
Doncaster, better attended than at the late meetings. The numbei
of blood horses annually exported from England is unusually great,
and to her, Russia, France, Austria, and the United States of
America, the East and West Indies, have been long indebted for
their most valuable stocks.

In Virginia the sports of the turf have been revived and are ex-
tending over the state with great spirit, and are infusing into her
citizens a due sense of their importance in giving value to the race
horse. Virginia has long held a pre-eminence over every other
state in the Union in raising fine horses — and it is mainly to be
attributed to the passion for this fascinating and rational amuse-
ment, to the steady encouragement given to it at all times, both
during adverse and prosperous times, since the state had its foun-
dation in a colony. To her the Carolinas, Georgia, Kentucky, and
Tennessee, have always looked for a supply of blooded stallions ;
to her they still are indebted as well as the new states of Alabama,
Louisiana, Mississippi, &c. Let then Virginia maintain and in~
crease this celebrity, by adopting all means which are calculated to
promote so laudable a distinction. Let her place and extend the

ANNALS OF THE TURF.

sports of the turf on the most liberal and equitable basis, and let her,
in order to give increased value to her racing stock, speedily pub-
lish a STUD BOOK.

Origin and progressive improvement of the race horse. It cannot
but be an interesting task to inquire into the origin of the turf
horse, and to ascertain the means by which he has been brought
to his present high state of perfection. The English writers main
tain the theory, that the horse genus was supposed to have consist-
ed originally of two grand divisions or species : the silken-haired,
flat, and fine bone courser, and the full bodied, coarse, and rough-
haired steed, adapted to draught and the more laborious purposes.
From these two original species may fairly bo derived all those
numerous varieties which" we at this day witness in different parts
of the world. Soil and climate most undoubtedly have considerable
effects, through a long course of agos, in producing varieties of
form, colour, character, and properties. The largest horses are
generally found to bo the production of the rich low lands of the
temperate climates, abounding in rich and succulent food. The
lino skinned, with elegant symmetry, dry and solid bones, large
tendons, and the highest degree of muscular energy, in fact, bearing
the general characteristics of the blood horse, are bred under warm
and southern skies, upon a dry soil, on the hills of the desert. The
hypothesis is entertained, that. Arabia is the native or breeding
country of the courser, and that part of Europe, formerly denomi-
n.tU'd the Netherlands, or Low Countries, the original soil of the
!argo draught horse. Other writers, however, contend, that all
horses are derived from the same single primitive species, and that
varieties are purely accidental and the effects of varying soil and
climate. This opinion, however specious, is not sanctioned by
ml experience in allowing full force to the arguments derived
from the effect of soil and climate, yet it is equally true there are
certain landmarks and boundaries of specific character, in both the
animal and vegetable creation, which nature will never permit to
be passed.

No length of time or naturalization upon the marshy soil of Bel-
gium, it may safely be pronounced, would be sufficient to transform
the high bred, silken and bounding courser of Arabia, into the
coarse, bluff and fixed horse of the former country; nor would the
sojournment of the latter, during any number of ages, in the south,
have the effect of endowing him with these peculiar properties of
body, which distinguish the aboriginal southern horse. The inter-
change just supposed, would no donht have the etl'eel of increasing
the bulk of the courser and reducing that of the draft horse; but
ihe natural characteristics of each, would remain unassailable by
any other medium than that of intcrcopulation through which
\ve know from experience they may be merged, and in effect an-
mhihited.

Arabia Deserta is allowed to be the breeding country of the purest
and highest bred racers; that is to say, possessed in the highest de-
gree of those qualities which distinguish the species ; and these are
sleekness and llexibilky of the skin, and general symmetry from the
uead to the lowest extremities. The eye full and shining, the head

OF THE TUKF. 295

joined, not abruptly, but to a curved extremity of the neck ; the
shoulders capacious, deep or counter, and destining considerably
into the waist ; the quarters deep, and the fore arms and thighs long,
large and muscular, with a considerable curve of the latter ; the
legs flat and clean, with the tendon or sinew large and distinct ; the
pasterns moderately long, the feet somewhat deep, the substance of
the hoof fine, like that of the deer ; in size not large, seldom ex-
ceeding or reaching the height of fifteen hands.

It is in the mountainous country, among the Bedouin Arabs, that
the blood and characteristic properties of this species of the horse,
has been preserved pure and uncontaminated by any alien mixture
or cross, as they pretend, for more than two thousand years.

It is well known that the English race horse was originally bred
from the Arabian, Barb, and Turkish stocks, and contains in his
veins nearly an equal admixture of the blood of each. The Bar-
bary horses were generally smaller than the Arabians, but carried
more depth of carcase. Their most prominent points are, ears
handsome and well placed ; forehand fine and long, and rising
boldjy out of the withers ; main and tail thinly haired ; with lean
small head ; withers fine and high, loins short and straight, flanks
and ribs round and full, with good sized barrel ; tail placed high ;
haunches strong and elastic ; thighs well turned ; legs clean ; si-
news detached from the shank ; pastern too long and binding ;
foot good and sound ; of all colours, but grey the most commoi>.
They are bred upon a similar soil and sprung from the desert like
the Arabians, of which they are generally deemed a variety. In
goodness of temper and docility these horses resemble the former,
and are said to be very sure footed ; generally cold tempered
and slow, requiring to be roused and animated, on which they
will discover great vigour, wind and speed, being in their gallop
great striders.

The Turkish horses resembled the Barbs, and were said to be
handsome, elegantly formed, full of spirit, possessing fine hair, soft
skins, good speed, but more particularly remarkable for their un-
failing wind, enabling them to undergo much labour and fatigue.

It is a curious physical question, that the Arabian, Barb, and
Turkish horses, should, only in particular individuals, have proved
valuable foal getters, and that these properties should be denied
to the generality of them, and that the whole of them should BO
soon be laid aside. Out of the vast number of these foreign horses
imported into England in early times, but very few of them estab-
lished their characters as the propagators of high formed racers ;
and it may be assumed as a fact, that for some more than half a
century past, not a solitary Arabian, Barb, or Turkish stallion has
been used in England ; or if used at all, were found to be utterly
Worthless.

England soon discovered that from her fine climate and soil, she
had obtained in size, form and speed, every quality which the best
models of the original foreign breeding countries could afford to
her, it is true she had to resort to the Arabians and Barbs for a
foundation ; but as soo» e.s the stock arising f/om them had been
sufficiently accli«nal-d and diffused tlnough die country, she found
26*

AhjVALS OF THE TURF.

it safest to rely upon them for all those qualities which they them
selves had acquired from their foreign progenitors.

The early English breeders found the Arabian stock to consti-
tute an excellent cross upon the Barb and Turk, as from the Ara-
bian blood was acquired speed, stoutness and stride from the Barb,
length and height from the Turk.

But of all the foreign stallions imported into England in early
times, the fame of the two great Arabians, the Darley and Godol-
phin, has swallowed up that of all the rest ; and the best English
horses for nearly a century past, have been either deeply imbued
in their blood, or entirely derived from it. They have produced
stock of vast size, bone and substance, and at the same time en •
dowed with such extraordinary and before unheard of powers of
speed and continuance, as to render it probable that individuals
of them have reached nature's ultimate point of perfection. The
descendants of these Arabians have rendered the English courser
superior to all the others, not only in the race, where indeed he has
long excelled, but as a breeding stock.

To such of my readers as are unacquainted with the history of
that justly celebrated horse, the Godolphin Arabian, the following
particulars of him may not be unacceptable. He was in colour a
brown bay, somewhat mottled on the buttocks and crest, but with
no white excepting the off heel behind ; about fifteen hands high,
with good bone and substance. The fame of the Godolphin Ara-
bian was greatly increased by the famous picture which was taken
of him by the immortal Stubbs, and which sold at his sale for 246
guineas. This portrait of the Godolphin is doubtless an admirable
piece ; it represents his crest as exceedingly large, swelling and
elevated, his neck elegantly curved at the sitting on of the head,
and his muzzle very fine. He had considerable length ; his ca-
pacious shoulders were in the true declining position, and of
every part materially contributary to action, nature had allowed
him an ample measure : add to this, there is in his whole appear-
ance, the express image of a wild animal, such as we may sup-
pose the horse of the desert. Certainly the horse was no beauty,
but with his peculiar and interesting figure before me, I cannot
help wondering, that it should not occur to his noble proprietor,
a true sportsman as he was, that the Arabian might be worthy of
a trial as a stallion. This horse was imported by Mr. Coke into
England, and it was strongly suspected that he was stolen, as no
pedigree was obtained with him, or the least item given, as to the
country where he was bred ; the only notice given, was, that ho
was foaled in 1724. Mr. Coke gave him to Mr. Williams, keeper
of the St. James' Coffee House, who presented him to the Earl of
Godolphin. In this noble lords' stud he was kept as a teazer to
Hobgoblin, during the years 1730 and 1731, when that stallion re-
fusing to cover Roxana, she was covered by the Arabian, the pro-
duce of which was Lath, not only a very elegant and beautiful
horse, but, in the general opinion, the best which had appeared on
the turf since Flying Childers. The Arabian served for the re-
mainder of his life in the same stud, producing a yearly succession
of prodigies of the species. He died in the year 1753, in his 29th

ANNALS OF THE TURF. 297

year, and was decently buried, and cakes and ale were given at the
funeral of his flesh. The followin-g famous horses, some of which
were of great size and powers, besides many others with a great
number of capital racing and brood mares, descended from the Go-
dolphin Arabian, viz : Lath, Cade, Regulus, Babram, Blank, Dis-
inal, Bajazet, Tamerlane, Tarquin, Phoenix, Slug, Blossom, Dor-
mouse, Skewball, Sultan, Old England, Noble, the Gower Stal-
lion, Godolphin Colt, Cripple, Entrance.

Mr. Darley, of a sporting family in Yorkshire, being a mercan-
tile agent in the Levant, and belonging to a hunting club at Alep-
po, made interest to purchase a horse, one of the most valuable
ever imported in England, and which fully established the worth
of the Arabian stock. He was a bay horse, his near foot before,
with his two hind feet white, with a blaze in his face, and about
fifteen hands high; he was imported into England in the year
1703, then four years of age.

The Darley Arabian, (for such he was called,) got Flying Chil.
ders, Bartlett's Childers, Almanzor, Whitelegs, Cupid, Brisk, Dee.
dalus, Skipjack, Manika, Aleppo, Bully Rock, Whistlejacket, &c.
This horse had not that variety of mares which annually pour-
ed in upon the Godolphin Arabian, indeed he covered very few
except those of Mr. Darley his proprietor — but from these sprung
the largest and speediest race horses which were ever known. —
Flying Childers and Eclipse, the swiftest beyond a doubt of all
quadrupeds, were the son and great grand son of this Arabian,
from which, also, through Childers and Blaze, descended Samp,
son, the strongest horse that ever raced before or since his time ;
and from Sampson was descended Bay Malton, who ran at York
four miles in seven minutes forty-three and a half seconds, being
seven and a half seconds less than it was ever done before over
the same course.

On crossing, breeding and rearing the Turf Horse. The subject
of crossing is one of the most important which has ever engaged
the attention of the breeder or amateur, and it is still left in doubt
whether we ought to adhere to remote crossing in propagating the
race horse, or that we may successively breed "in and in," viz.
putting horses and mares together of the same family.

All that we can do is to disclose the facts which that unerring
guide, experience, has established, and the exceptions to the rule
which those facts have pointed out to us. Crossing, or intermix-
ing the blood of different racing breeds, has ever prevailed upon
the turf, and experience has proven it to be a rational practice,
when adopted with the view of an interchange of the requisite
qualifications, external or internal ; such as the union of speed
and bottom, slenderness and substance, short and long shapes.

Experience tells us that the greatest success has ever attended
those breeders and that the most valuable stock has resulted there.
from, who have adhered to remote crosses. The finest running
and highest formed horses that have appeared in England were bred
from the union of two distinct stocks, the Herod and Eclipse. Tho
former stock was invariably remarkable for stoutness and lasting,
ness, the latter for speed and by the union of these opposite

ANNALS OF THE TURF.

qualities (whereby a remote cross was taken up,) a stock was ob-
tained in which was blended a sufficiency of the requisite quali-
ties of both to make first rate running horses. There was another
distinct stock in England, which crossed well upon the Herod
and Eclipse branches ; I allude to the Matchem or Godolphin
Arabian Stock ; and it may here be remarked, that there has not
been in England a first rate running horse on the turf for the last
70 years, without more or less blood of this valuable horse. How-
ever necessary a remote cross may be considered, yet exceptions
have arisen to it as a rule, as some of the most distinguished horses
in England were bred considerably in and in — Flying Childers for
instance, considered the fleetest horse in the world. Old Fox, also
a celebrated racer and valuable stallion, had an affinity of blood in
his pedigree, as well as other high formed racers and stallions. But
these exceptions arose in Great Britain in her early days of breed-
ing, when that country was enriched by the importation of par-
ticular Barb, Turk, and Arabian horses that had peculiar and ex-
traordinary properties as stock getters, as their immediate descen-
dants constituted the best racers of those days, and demonstrated
that the character of the English race horse had attained its utmost
perfection at that early date.

At a later period, but little success had attended the efforts of
those who have bred in and in. The Earl of Egremont has occa-
sionally tried it, as well as Lord Derby (the owner of Sir Peter
Teazle,) but with little encouragement. Still the British writers
are divided on the subject : Morland, in his treatise on the gene-
alogy of the English blood horse, expressly says, that incestuous
crosses should be avoided, viz : putting horses and mares together
of the same class ; while on the other hand Lawrence, in his
splendid work on the " History and delineation of the Race Horse,"
makes the following remark of an opposite tendency : " An adhe-
rence to the practice (of remote crossing) cannot be held indispen-
sably necessary on any sound theory ; nor need any disadvantage
be apprehended from coupling horses and mares of the same breed
or family, even the nearest relative, upon the principles above and
hereafter laid down. I have often heard of, and indeed seen, mis-
erable legged and spindled stock resulting from such a course, but
other very visible causes existed for the result.

"According to the adage, "like produces like," we ought to
follow form and qualification ; and if a brother and sister, or father
and daughter excel in those respects all others within our reach,
we ought to enjoin them with good expectations, for aught I know
to the end of the chapter : and the prejudiced fear of adopting this
practice, has often led our breeders into the error of adopting an
inferior form from the presumed necessity of a cross." The present
remarks are peculiarly applicable to the breeders of the race horse
in Virginia, for they are at this very time making the experiment
of breeding " in and in," or from the same family of horses, as it is
well known that all the turf horses now and for the last ten years
past, produced in that state, are of the " Sir Archy stock." It were
to be wished that there was a greater variety of the race blood in
tliat state to give breeders a wider field for selection J a descendant

ANNALS OF THE TURF. 209

of Medley or Citizen would cross well upon the present numerous
stock of Sir Archy, and it would perhaps have been a fortunate cir-
cumstance, could the celebrated horse Pocolet, (who was bred and
raised in Virginia,) have been retained in that state.

The subject of breeding is the next which claims our attention.

The business of breeding is divided into the systematic and
chance medley ; the formation of regular studs and observing some
fixed principles, characterize the former ; while the latter is a kind
of random arrair, common to the whole country where foals are
raised for a man's pleasure or convenience, for which no extra pre-
parations are made, or much reflection bestowed, further than to
make use of any mare that may chance to be in possession, and of
any horse which the vicinity affords or custom may present.

In the formation of studs, the object generally had in view is
breeding for the turf, and one of the first principles is to breed from
no stallions unless they be thorough bred; in plain terms, both
their sires and dams must be of the purest of the Turkish, Barb or
Arabian coursers exclusively, and this must be tested in an authentic
pedigree, throughout whatever number of descents or crosses.*
The brood mare should be equally pure or thorough bred, arid par-
ticular attention should be paid to her form, as one of the prime
causes of failure of most breeders is confining their attention solely
to the horse, without paying sufficient attention to the form of the
rnare, and permitting fashionable blood and the supposed necessity
of a cross to have too decided a preference to correctness of shape.
To constitute a thorough bred animal, and to assure the attainment
of every desired quality or perfection, both the male and iViiu.le
ought to possess it. Experience has proven the correctness of the
principle that " like produces like ;" acting upon this principle, we
have the best assurances to expect success from a junction of the
best shapes or the greater number of good points we can combine,
both in the horse and the mare, from such junction the average
will be favourable, true form will result from the union of true form
in both sire and dam ; and the next general result will be, that every
horse sufficiently well formed, and furnished in the material points,
will excel either in speed or continuance, or will possess an advan-
tageous mixture of both.

Blood is blood, but form is superiority.

In rearing of turf horses, the following principles are recom-
mended by the most successful breeders : the land to be dry and
sound, the harder the better, provided it be fertile : irregularity of
surface a recommendation. Fresh springs or streams, shade and
shelter, and extensive range. Sufficient number of inclosures,
both for each species, which it is necessary to keep apart, and to
prevent too great a number of any being crowded together. Houses

^There is a practice in Virginia and North Carolina, in giving the pedi
gree of a stallion, to name only one or two crosses, particularly on the dani'i
side, and then pronounce him "the finest bred horse in the world." Who
can pronounce on a horse's good or bad blood unless we know the whola
of it? He may trace to the common dray breed of the country for aught
we know.

800 ANNALS OF THE TURF.

or sheds in the mclosures ; soft and sweet herbage for the colts and
milk mares ; and finally a very liberal allowance of land in propor-
tion to the stock, that there may be not only ample grazing in the
grass season, but an equally ample quantity of provisions of the
requisite kind during the winter.

A firm, dry, and hard soil, will have a corresponding effect upon
the feet, limbs, and tendinous system of horses bred upon it ; as
will a dry, clear and elastic air upon their wind, animal spirits and
general habit. Such are the advantages enjoyed by the horses of
the mountain and the desert ; but these advantages are greatly en-
hanced in a country where abundant herbage and moderate tem-
perature are superadded.

All breeders concur in the propriety of keeping colts well the
first and second winters ; for colts from the best shaped parents will
degenerate upon insufficient nourishment, and be stinted from the
palsying effects of damp and cold in the winter, if a comfortable and
general shelter is not allowed them. Good keeping and warmth,
during the first and second years, is indispensable, in order to invi-
gorate the circulation of the animal's blood, to expand his frame, to
plump up and enlarge his muscles, to encourage the growth of his
bones, and to impart to them that solidity and strength which pre-
serves them in the right line of symmetry.

It must be interesting to the amateur, the sportsman, and the
breeder, to give a correct, though concise account of the most dis-
tinguished turf stock of blood horses, which existed in Virginia
between the years 1750 and 1790, a period more remarkable for fine
horses, than perhaps any other, either prior or subsequent to that
lime.

It was during this period that " races were established almost
at every town and considerable place in Virginia : when the inhabi-
tants, almost to a man, were devoted to this fascinating and rational
amusement : when all ranks and denominations were fond of horses,
especially those of the race breed ; when gentlemen of fortune ex-
pended large sums on their stud, sparing no pains or trouble in
importing the best stock, and improving the breed by judicious cross-
ing." The effects of the revolutionary war put a stop to the spirit
of racing until about the year 1790, when it began to revive, and
under the most promising auspices as regarded the breed of turf
horses, for just at that time or a little previous, the capital stallion
Old Medley was imported, who contributed his full share to the
reputation of the racing stock, whose value had been before so well
established. Previous to the year 1800, but little degeneracy had
taken place either in the purity of "the blood, the form or perform-
ances of the Virginia race horse ; and in searching for the causes
of a change for the worse, after this period, the most prominent one
was the injudicious importation of inferior stallions from England.
About the period of time last mentioned, Colonel Hoomes and many
others, availing themselves of the passion for racing, inundated
Virginia with imported stallions, bought up frequently at low prices
in England, having little reputation there, and of less approved
blood, thereby greatly contaminating the tried and approved stocks
which had long and eminently distinguished themselves for theif

ANNALS OF THE TURF. 301

feats on the turf, their services under the saddle, and as valuable
cavalry horses during the revolutionary war. In recommending
renewed efforts to the Virginians, for the further improvement and
preservation of their stock of blood horses, the necessity and im-
portance of the immediate publication of a Stud Book (and of a
Racing Calendar hereafter) cannot be overlooked.

It is the wish of the writer, that the tendency of this, and the fol-
lowing pages, may excite a spirit and a desire for such a work, by
showing that there are valuable materials extant, only requiring
diligence and zeal to bring them to light, capable of being made up
into a valuable publication on this subject. The want of such a
work as a Stud Book, is now lamentably seen and felt in Virginia,
where few pedigrees of any particular stock can be traced far back,
before they are lost in the mazes of uncertainty and conjecture. It
mav safely be asserted that the stock of horses in Virginia never
can arrive to that degree of improvement and perfection, and more
particularly high value as to price, they otherwise would do, unless
a record of this kind is published and preserved, to be resorted to
for a correct knowledge of their blood. In breeding for the turf
and selling turf horses, blood is every thing ; as it has been found
that particular strains or pedigrees of horses of this class, are re-
markable for their speed and bottom, while others are miserably
defective in these essential qualities of the race horse. A Stud
Book and Racing Calendar will be a standing record, always ena-
bling us to avoid the bad, and to cherish those particular strains of
horses, that have established their good qualities for the turf. How
has Virginia been injured in her racing stock by some particular
stallions, bred in that state ? Potomac, for instance, who, although
they raced it well, yet being badly bred, propagated an inferior race
of horses.

Let me therefore, emphatically remind the breeder of the race
horse to use great particularity and caution as to the stallions from
which he breeds ; examine well into their pedigrees, and to the
qualities of the stock from which they are descended ; as an expe-
rience of more than a century in England has proven the fact, that
where a stallion has been stained with an inferior or " dunghill''
cross, however remote in his pedigree, it is certain to lurk out and
exhibit itself in his progeny, no matter how well he may have raced
it himself.

We should breed back as much as possible upon the good old
stocks of Jolly Roger, Janus, Morton's Traveller, Fearnought, and
Medley, of which I propose to give a particular account in the suc-
ceeding pages. It has been well for us that the importation of
stallions from England has long since ceased, and I hope never to
see it revived again. The sod of the Beacon course (four miles and
upwards) is now too little trod by the English race horse : short
races with light weights are now too common ; the consequences
are, that their stock of blood horses are rapidly losing that stamina
and inherent goodness of constitution or stoutness, which enabled
them in former days to carry high weights, and to support frequent
and hard running. Fifteen or twenty years ago, the Virginians
bred altogether from imported English stallions, and at that 'ima

302 ANNALS OF THE TURF.

also, there were more sportsmen on the turf; yet we have at this
day better race horses, under less patronage, from American bred
stallions, than at that day. Does not this prove that by adhering
to our own stock, and breeding from large highly formed, full
blooded stallions, that our turf horses will soon equal or exceed any
in the world ? and as our race stock is considered stronger and more
active, it will be found advisable to breed them for the saddle, plough
or wagon.

Jolly Roger, was the first horse that gave distinction to the racing
stock of Virginia. His performances on the English turf, and that
of his pedigree, are recorded in the name of "Roger of the Vale."
After he was imported into this country he took the name by which
he is now known ; he was foaled in 1741, and commenced covering
in Virginia about the year 1748. He was got by Roundhead, who
was by Flying Childers, who was by the Darley Arabian. The dam
of Roundhead was the famous " plate" mare Rdxana by the Bald
Galloway, the dam of the celebrated racers and stallions Lath and
Cade by the Godolphin Arabian. The dam of Jolly Roger was got
by Mr. Croft's famous horse Partner, the best racer and stallion of
his day, his grandam by Woodcock — Croft's Bay Barb; Makeless ;
Brimmer ; Son of Dodsworth ; Burton Barb mare.

Jolly Roger got many fine racers, stallions and brood mares,
and is a favourite cross in the pedigree of the Virginia bred turf
horse, and very justly too.

Jolly Roger got Spanking Roger, out of the imported mare Jen-
ny Dismal, and Longsdale out of an imported Monkey mare.

Janus was a chesnut horse, foaled in England in 1746, and got
by Janus, a bay horse foaled in 1738, full brother to Blank and
Old England, being got by the Godolphin Arabian out of the fa-
mous ' Little Hartley mare' by Bartlett's Childers, son of the Dar-
ley Arabian.

Janus was imported into Virginia by Mr. Mordecai Booth, of
Gloucester county, Va. in the year 1752 ; his dam was got by old
Fox, [whose name stood eminent in the English pedigree,] his
grandam by the Bald Galloway.

Although Janus partook of every cross in his pedigree calcula-
ted for the distance turf horse, yet his stock were more remarka,
ble for speed than bottom. Janus, from his shoulders back, was
considered the most perfect formed horse ever seen in Virginia,
by the most skilful connoisseurs ; he was remarkable for roundness
of contour, strength of articulation, and indicating great powers
and stamina in his whole conformation.

His stock partook of these qualities in an eminent degree, and
for thirty or forty years they were eonsidered as a ' peculiar stock,'
us they invariably exhibited even in the third and fourth genera-
tions from the old horse, the same compactness of form, strength
and power. The Janus stock have exceeded all others in the Uni-
ted States for speed, durability and general uniformity of good
form ; and more good saddle and harness horses have sprung from
them than from any other stock.

ANNALS OF THE TURF. 303

Celer was justly considered as the best son of old Janus, as he
propagated a stock equal in every quality to those of the stock
begotten by his sire. He was bred by Mr. Mead of Virginia, and
foaled in 1774, and died in 1802, aged 28 years.

As the pedigree on his dam's side is not generally known, I will
here give it. The dam of Celer was got by the imported horse
Aristotle, a brown bay, finely formed, full 15 hands high, bred by
Mr. Bladen and got by the Cullen Arabian, his dam by Crab, his
grandam by Hobgoblin, great grandam by the Godolphin Arabian,
out of a famous mare called White Cheeks.

Morton's imported horse Traveller contributed in an eminent
degree to the improvement of the turf stock of horses in Virginia
He was a bay horse, foaled about the year 1748, and was a cover-
ing stallion at Richmond court house, Va. as early as the year 1754
He was bred by Mr. Crofts, at Raby in Yorkshire (who was the for
tunate breeder and owner of some of the first horses in England)
and was got by his famous horse Partner, who was a grandson of
the Byerly Turk, and was himself the grandsire of King Herod.
The dam of Traveller was by Bloody Buttocks (an Arabian) Grey-
hound ; Makeless ; Brimmer ; Place's White Turk ; Dodsworth ;
Layton Barb mare. Morton's Traveller was bred from the bes+
running stock in England in that day : the famous Wetherington
mare was full sister to Traveller ; she bred Shepherd's Crab and
other capital racers.

Morton's Traveller got Tryall and Yorick out of Blazella, im-
ported, and Burwell's Traveller out of a Janus and Lycurgus ; al.
so Lloyd's Traveller out of a Jenny Cameron, and Tristam Shandy
out qf a Janus, Ariel full brother to Partner, and Partner out of
colonel Tasker's imported mare Selima.

Partner was the best son of Morton's Traveller, proving to be
not only a fine race horse, but a valuable stallion. He was foaled
about the year 1755. Partner got Rockingham out of Nelson's im-
ported mare Blossom, and Fitz Partner out of the dam of Celer and
the celebrated horse Mark Anthony.

Mark Anthony's dam was by Othello, (a son of Mr. Parton's capi-
tal English horse Crab) his grandam the imported mare Moll Bra-
zons : she was sired by Spark, who was imported to this country
by Governor Ogle, of Maryland, and was given to him by Lord
Baltimore, who received him from Frederick, Prince of Wales.

Marie Anthony was foaled about the year 1763, and did not ex-
ceed fifteen hands in height, and was a horse of beauty and intrin-
sic value, whether viewed as a racer or stallion. In the former
character he was not excelled by any horse of his day, being
" remarkable for his swiftness," having at the same time good wind,
enabling him to run four miles heats in good form. In the latter
character he stood deservedly celebrated, and propagated a stock
which were held in the highest estimation for their various valu-
able qualities, whether for the turf, the saddle or the harness. —
Mark Anthony got Collector out of a Centinel, and Monarch out
of a thorough bred mare, and Romulus out of a Valiant.
27

304 ANNALS OF THE TURF.

Yorick got Pilgrim out of a little Davie, and Bucephalus out of
a Careless, and Junius out of an Othello.

BurweWs Traveller got Southall's Traveller out of an imported
mare, and Camillus out of a Fearnought mare.

Lloyd's Traveller got Leonidas out of a Morton's Traveller mare.
Junius got Spangloss out of a Jolly Roger mare.

Fearnought holds the first claim prior to the day of Medley, and
is therefore entitled to the palm in preference to any stallion that
had preceded him in giving the Virginia turf stock a standing equal
to that of any running stock in the world. The blood which flow-
ed in the veins of old Fearnought must have been peculiarly rich
in those qualities that make up the conformation of the race horse,
as not only the whole stock got by Fearnought run well, but also
his sons and his grandsons were remarkable for generally getting
good running stock. There was also strength and stamina univer-
sally pervading the Fearnought stock, to which may be added good
size,, that made them the best, distance horses of their day. The
fact is that the Fearnoughts run well all distances, and the old
horse stood higher than any other horse on the continent for get-
ting racers ; arid he got more of them than any other — he also was
the sire of more fine stallions than any other horse of his day-.

Old Fearnought was bred by William Warren of England, and
foaled in the year 1755. He came out of Mr. Warren's fine brood
mare ' Silvertail,' and was got by Regulus the best son of the Go-
dolphin Arabian. Regulus, when six years old, won eight King's
plates. He never" was beat, being very superior to any horse of
his day.

Silvertail the dam of Fearnought, was foaled in 1738, and got
by Heneage's Whitenose ; her dam by Rattle — Darley's Arabian —
the old Child mare, got by Sir Thomas Gresley's bay Arabian out
of Mr. Cook's Vixen, who was got by the Helmsly Turk, out of a
Royal Barb mare.

Fearnought was imported into this country by Col. Jn. Baylor,
who advertised him in the year 1765, as " a bright bay, 15 hands
3 inches high, remarkably strong and active, and the full brother
to the late Mr. Warren's invincible horse Careless." Old Fear-
nought died in the fall of 1776, at the age of 21 years.

Among other capital stallions and racers, he got the following,
viz : —

Nonpareil, out of a Janus mare.

Nimrod, out of a Partner.

America, out of a Jolly Roger.

Regulus out of the imported mare Jenny Dismal.

Godolphin, full brother to Regulus.

Shakspeare, out of an imported Cub mare.

Gallant, out of a Stateley mare.

Shakspeare, out of an imported Shakspeare mare.

Apollo, out of an imported Cullin Arabian mare.

Harris's Eclipse, out of Baylor's imported Shakspeare mare.

Laurel, out of a Fearnought.

Matchless, out of Sober John.

King Herod, out of an Othello.

ANNALS OF THE TURF. #05

Whynot, out of an Othello.

Dandridge's Fearnought, out of

Symmes' Wildair, out of a Jolly Roger, who proved to be tho

best son of old Fearnought.
Wildair got —

Commutation, out of a Yorick mare.

Highflyer, out of a Yorick mare.

Chanticleer, out of a Pantaloon mare.
Chanticleer, the best son of Wildair, got —

Magog, out of a Wildair.

Prestley, [full sister to Magog,] the dam of Wilkes' Madison

Cornelia, the dam of Mr. Randolph's Gracchus.

The stock of old Medley may justly be ranked as among the most
/emarkable and valuable that have ever signalized themselves on a
Virginia race course. This stock of horses lacked nothing but
size to have made the best racers in the world ; and yet their want
of size was not manifested on the turf: as their ability to carry
weight exceeded that of any other stock ; they were also remarka-
ble for good wind or bottom, for fine limbs and good eyes, than
other race of horses that have been bred in Virginia. These quali-
ties resulted in this stock [and were more peculiar to them than to
any other,] from the close proximity of the points of the hips to the
shoulder, from the uncommon solidity of their bones, the close tex-
ture of their sinews, and the bulk and substance of their tendons,
which always enabled them to carry the highest weights, and to
endure the greatest stress on their bodily powers. To these quali-
ties may be added their uncommon purity of blood, derived from
their sire old Medley, who was one of the purest blooded horses
ever bred in England.

Gimcrack the sire of Medley, was one of the most remarkable
horses of his day in England. He was a grey, and called the " lit-
tie grey horse Gimcrack," foaled in 1760, got by Cripple, a son
of the Godolphin Arabian. Gimcrack was one of the severest
running and hardest bottomed horses that ever ran in England ;
although small, yet his ability to carry weight was very great, for
he frequently gave the odds as high as 28 pounds, and he con-
tinued on the turf until 11 years of age, thereby showing his un-
common hardiness of constitution and firmness of limbs which he
richly transmitted into the veins of Medley. Gimcrack at four
years old won seven 50Z. plates, 4 miles ; also in 1765, at 4 miles,
50Z; also 1000 guineas, 250 guineas forfeit. He beat the Duke of
Cumberland's Drone, 4 miles- for 500 guineas, giving him 21 Ibs.
In 17G6 he was sent to France, and in 1767 returned to England,
and won in that year, four 5QL plates, 5 miles. In 1768, two 50Z.
plates and the silver bowl. He beat Mr. Vernon's Barber for 300
guineas giving him 28 Ibs. in 1770. He beat Lord Rockingham's
Tacho for 3000 guineas, giving him 28 Ibs ; also Lord Rockingham's
Pilgrim for the whip and 200 guineas, the whip equal to the gui-
neas. Gimcrack was then 10 years of age. Earl Grosvenor had
two portraits taken of Gimcrack. That of Gimcrack preparing to
start is reckoned excellent of its kind. The two portraits, it is
said, represent thi? horse in different shades of grey ; the iron

306 ANNALS OF THE TURF.

grey of his youth, and the hoary white of his old age. Gimcrack
had acquired such fame and celebrity that his last proprietor left
him a length of time at Tattersal's for the inspection of the
public.

The dam of Medley was Arminda, by Snap, (full sister to Papil-
lon, the dam of Sir Peter Teazle, the best in England.) Medley
acquired his beautiful symmetry and proportions from Snap, who
was a horse of great beauty and justness of proportion, strong,
vigorous, and muscular, and was upon an equality as a racer, if not
superior to any horse of his time. Medley was imported to this
country by Malcomb Hart, in the year 1785. Among many other
distinguished racers and stallions, Medley got the following, viz :

Boxer, out of a Fearnought mare.

Opernico, out of a Lindsey Arabian mare.

Quicksilver, out of a Wildair.

Young Medley, out of a Blue and all Black.

Melzar, out of a Wildair.

Lamplighter, out of a Longsdale.

Fitz-Medley, out of a Dandridge Fearnought mare.

Gimcrack, out of an Ariel.

Bellair, out of a Yorick.

Bellair may justly be distinguished as the best son of old Medley,
not only as being upon an equality as a racer, but as having got more
fine stallions, racers, and brood mares, and as being decidedly the
best bred son of his distinguished sire. Bellair partook of the best
blood that has been highly valued in Virginia, viz: of Morton's
Traveller through Yorick, Fearnought, Partner, Mark Anthony, &c.
Colonel Tasker's famous running mare Selima, that was the dam of
Partner, was the great grandam of Bellair ; and I will here take
occasion to correct an error in the pedigree of this celebrated mare,
as it has prevailed for more than thirty years in all the published
pedigrees which I have seen of Bellair. Col. Tasker's Selima, is
represented to have come out of a mare called Snap Dragon, by
Snap ; this is a manifest error : the Godolphin Arabian, who sired
Selima, died in 1753; Snap was foaled in 1750 and did not com-
mence covering until 6 years old, hence the first Snap mares were
not foaled till 1757, 4 years after the Godolphin was dead. Col.
Tasker's Selima was bred by Lord Godolphin, and came out of a
mare by Old Fox, that was the dam of Daphne, and also of the
celebrated running horse Weasel, that was the property of Lord
Rockingham ; the grandam of Selima by Flying Childers, — Make-
less— Taffolet Barb— Natural Barb mare.

I would urge upon the breeders of the Virginia Turf Horse to
take in, in their different crosses, as much of the blood of old Med-
ley and Bellair as possible, to give their stock firm limbs, very much
needed at this time, as the Virginia race horses of the present day
train off the turf too early.

The following letter appropriate to the present subject, is from
that eminent breeder and sportsman Col. John Tayloe, fqrmerly of
Mount Airy, Virginia, now of Washington City.

" In reply to your favour, I shall be happy if any information I
am able to give you in regard to old Medley, and such of his stock

ANNALS OF THE TURF. 307

as I nave owned, can be of service to you. Old Medley was im-
ported to this country about the year 1785, was owned by Mr. Mai-
comb Hart, and stood at Hanover Court House. He was one of
the most beautiful horses I ever saw. I cannot at this remote period
pretend to describe him further than he was a grey horse of the
finest proportions and not more than 14 1-2 to 15 hands high. I
have always esteemed him one of the best horses ever imported into
the United States, and concur with you in opinion that his stock
is decidedly the best we have had. His colts were the best racers
of their day, although they were generally small ; but their limbs
were remarkably fine, and they were distinguished for their ability
to carry weight. I owned some of the best of his colts. Bellair
and Calypso I bred ; Grey Diomed and Quicksilver, I purchased
from the profits which I realized from their successful performances
on the turf. I have reason to hold Medley in grateful remembrance.

" As respects Bellair, he was strong built and rather stout, good
eyes and remarkable fine bony legs : rather above fifteen hands.
I do not think his bottom was surpassed by any horse on record ;
if ever he locked his antagonist I felt confident of success. When
he ran with Mr. Randolph's Gimcrack, he was in excessive bad
order, after a long journey, in bad weather, from Maryland, — •
they ran tlwee 4 mile heats, in each of which Bellair mended, and
was not beat far. I refused 500 guineas for him immediately after
the race.

" I concur with you respecting the old Virginia stock, which
should not be lost."

Having given an account of Col. Tasker's imported mare Selima,
it may not here be improper to add that of Carter Braxton's im-
ported inare Kitty Fisher : as those two mares bred more fine stock
in Virginia than any other imported mares brought to this country ;
it being well known to the sportsmen and breeders for the turf,
that some of the highest formed racers and stallions bred in that
State were descended from those two mares.

- Kitty Fisher was a gray mare foaled in 1755, and imported by
Carter Braxton in the fall of 1759. She was bought by Mr. Brax-
ton, at New Market, England, in the spring of 1759, being then
the property of the Marquis of Granby, and stood at the time en
gaged in a sweepstake for 3GOOZ. for three years old fillies ; but the
Marquis being abroad with the British armies, he was allowed to
withdraw himself from his racing engagements, and directed all his
running stock to be sold. At the sale she was purchased as above
and sent over to this country. She was got by Cade, (one of the
finest sons of the Godolphin Arabian) her dam by the Cullen Ara-
bian, out of the famous mare Bald Charlotte. (Bald Charlotte was
a high bred mare, of the finest form and winner of King's plates.)

Kitty Fisher was trained in this country and run, and won easily
several matches.

It is peculiarly pleasing to recur to those periods in Virginia,

when the blooded horse held such a high place in the estimation

of the people; when men the most distinguished for their wealth,

their talents or patriotism, were seen vying with each othei wiio

27*

308 ANNALS OF THE TURF

should import the finest blood horses or mares from England, oi
raise them from those already imported. It was the object of the
writer, in the preceding pages, to call up those periods to review,
and give an account of the most valuable stallions and mares, from
which the Virginia stock were bred during those times, hoping it
will serve to animate the breeders of the present day, and stimulate
them to emulate their ancestors in their zeal and success in rearing
the blood horse.

Justice, a chesnut horse, fifteen hands high, was bred by Wm.
Manby, of Gloucestershire, England, and got by Regulus out of the
Bolton Sweepstakes. Justice covered in Prince George county,
Virginia, in 1761.

Othello, a beautiful black, fifteen hands high, very strong was
got by Mr. Panton's Crab, in England, out of the Duke of Somer-
set's favorite brood mare. Othello covered in Virginia, on James'
River, in 1761, and was a most capital stallion. He got Selim and
the dam of Mark Anthony.

Crawford, a fine dapple grey, 15 hands high, was bred by his
royal highness the Duke of Cumberland, and got by his Arabian.
Covered in Virginia in 1762.

Juniper, a fine bay, 15 hands one inch high, foaled in 1752, was
got by Babraham, one of the best sons of the Godolphin Arabian.
The dam of Juniper by the Stamford Turk, &c. Juniper covered
in Charles City, Va. in 1762, and was an excellent stallion. He is
a remote cross in the Virginia pedigree.

Ranter, a beautiful bay, 15 hands high, foaled in 1755, imported
into Virginia in 1762, by Wm. S. Wadman. He was got by Dimple,
a son of the Godolphin Arabian ; the dam of Ranter by old Crab,
Bloody Buttocks, &c. Ranter stood in Stafford County, Va. in
1753, and is an old cross in our pedigrees.

Aristotle, brown bay, 15 hands high, got by the Cullen Arabian,
his dam by old Crab, &c. Aristotle was one of the finest and
highest formed horses imported into Virginia in h'is day ; he pro-
pagated a most valuable stock for the time he lived, having died
shortly after coming into Virginia. He stood at Berkely, Charles
City county, in 1764.

Bucephalus, brown bay, 15 1-2 hands high, foaled in 1758, was
got by Sir Matthew Wetherton's horse Locust, his dam by Old
Cade, Partner, &c. Bucephalus was a very strong horse, and stood
at Tappahannock, Va. in 1765.

David, a bay horse, 15 hands high, well made, very active, and
descended from the best stock in England Stood in Virginia
in 1765.

Dotterell, a high formed horse, 15 1-2 hands high, a powerful
strong boned horse, was got by Changeling, his dam by a son of
Winn's Arabian, &c. Changeling was one of the finest horses in
England of his day. Dotterell stood in Westmoreland county, Va.
in 1766.

Merry Tom, a. beautiful bay, 4 feet 11 inches high, he was got
by Regulus, (one of the best sons of the Godolphin Arabian,) his
dam by Locust, a son of Crab, his grandam by a son of Flying

ANNALS OF THE TURF. 309

Childers, &c. In 1762, he won 200 guineas sweepstakes at Rich-
mond ; in 1753, he won 50/. at Durham, and the noblemen and
gentlemen's subscription at Cupar, in Scotland. Merry Tom stood
in Prince George county, in 1767 ; he was the sire of the noted
horse Smiling Tom.

Sterling, a fine dapple grey, foaled in 1762, was got by the Bell-
size Arabian, (which Mr. J. Simpson offered 1500 guineas for,) out
of Mr. Simpson's Snake mare; she was got by Snake, a son of the
Lister Turk, out of the Duke of Cumberland's famous mare, the dam
of Cato. Sterling traces down to the famous old mare bred by Mr.
Crofts at Raby, in Yorkshire, and sold to the Duke of Cleveland.
Sterling was a very fine horse, and became famous as a valuable
foal getter. He was owned by Wm. Evans, and stood in Surry
county, Va. in 1768. He did not exceed 15 1-2 hands in height.

Lath, a bay horse, 15 hands one inch high, strong and bony, was
got by Shepherd's Crab, his dam by Lath, a son of the Godolphin
Arabian, &c. Lath was landed in this country in 1768, and won
that year the 50/. weight for ago plate, at New Market, on long
Island. In 1769 he won the Jockey Club purse of 100Z at Phila.
delphia, beating the then best running horses in that State and
from Maryland. In 1770, he also won the 100/. plate at the same
place. In 1771, he won the 100Z. plate at New Market, and never
was beat but once, when he ran out of condition. Lath was de-
scended from the most valuable blood in England, and contributed
in an eminent degree to. the improvement of the stock of horses of
his day.

Whirligig, was a dark bay 15 hands high, and was imported from
England in the year 1773. He was got by Lord Portmore's bay
horse Captain, (a son of young Cartouch,) his dam by the Devon-
shire Blacklegs, son of Flying Childers, &c. In April 1769, when
this fine horse was rising six years old, his owner received forfeit
of 1000 guineas from Rapid ; the same year he beat Volunteer, for
'200 guineas. In October 1770, he beat Warwickshire Wag for
100 guineas; and the same year he beat Atrides for 100 guineas,
&c. Whirligig stood to mares in Halifax county, N. C. in the
year 1777.

Sclim. This beautiful and valuable stallion was a dark bay, a
little rising 15 hands high, was got by Othello, (commonly called
Black and all Black,) whose sire was old Crab. The dam of Selim
was a beautiful mare of that name, got by the Godolphin Arabian,
and full sister to the celebrated horse Babraham of England. Se-
lim was a tried and approved racer, and a stallion of deserved
celebrity. He stood in Virginia from the year 1770 to 1780, and
propagated a valuable race of horses.

A retrospect of the older stallions of Virginia, evinces the im-
portant fact that they did not exceed from 15 to 15 1-2 hands in
height ; and yet Virginia in those days had a stock of horses equal
to any in the world. They were remarkable for substance or fine
stamina. This stock of horses was the immediate descendants of
the best Arabian, Barb, or Turkish blood which had been earlj

310 ANNALS OP THE TURF.

imported into England from Oriental countries, and has exhibited
a degeneracy as to substauce or stamina, in proportion as it has
been removed from this elder foreign blood.

The above stallions were the descendants of Oriental stock, as
well as Janus and Fearnought, [who were the grandsons of the
Godolphin Arabian.] During the days of those horses and their
offspring, Virginia was famed for her fine saddle horses, and their
weights on the turf was 144 Ibs. for aged horses : now it is pro-
verbial that the blood horse of Virginia rarely produces a fine sad-
dle horse, nor have they a single turf horse capable of running four
miles in good time with their former weight. All their good races
are now made by young horses carrying light weight, say from 90
to 103 Ibs.

The same retrospect of the English stock discloses the same
facts : Lawrence remarks, that a " retrospect seems to evince great
superiority in the foreign horses of former times, many of the best
English racers in these days, being the immediate descendants, on
both sides, of Arabs, Barbs, or Turks, or their sires and dams. That
union of substance and action, which was to be met with in for
mer days, has been of late years still more scarce."

As evidence of the correctness of Lawrence's opinion, it may
be adduced that the established weights on the English turf, in
former days were increased to 168 Ibs. and it was during this pe-
riod that their horses continued to improve both in substance and
speed, and notwithstanding the great weight of 168 Ibs. they had
to carry, they ran four miles from 7 minutes 30 seconds to 7 min
utes 50 seconds. From the days of Eclipse, the weights were gra-
dually reduced, and have been brought down to 119 Ibs. and on no
track exceeding 133 Ibs. Yet there is not a racer now in England
able to run his distance in as good time as they were in former
days with their high weights.

The present rage for breeding horses to a great height should
not be so much attended to as obtaining the requisite substance,
and from the above list we see that from 15 to 15 1-2 hands in
height, has combined with it that necessary union of substance
and action which enabled the horses in former times to run in
such fine form and carry such high weights. The most obvious
way to insure this desirable substance or stamina in our stock, is
to increase the weights of the turf to the old standard, and not to
permit colts to start in public until four years old. The great su-
periority of the elder English race horses is in part to be attribu-
ted to the favorable circumstance of their not having started in
public until five or six years old. This delay has the obvious fa-
vorable effect of enabling the bulk and substance of their limbs and
inferior joints to become strong in proportion to their weight, and
their whole tendinous system consolidated and firm. Flying Chil
ders, Bay Bolton, Brocklesby, Betty, Bonny Black, Buckhunter,
the famous Carlisle gelding, Eclipse, and a great number of others,
dii not race in public until five and six years old ; and they were
racers of the highest eminence for performance and heavy weight,
of any on record in the English annals of the turf.

ANNALS OF THE TURF. 311

The first step towards an American Stud Beok or collecting an
account of our blood horses, is to ascertain the number of stal.
lions imported from England, with their pedigrees annexed, be.
cause it is to the importation of horses and mares from that king,
dom, that we are indebted not only for the foundation of our stock
of Turf Horses, but for their present value. There is not a pedigree
of a single blood horse or mare in this country, but what goes in
every cross directly or remotely back to English stock.

STUD BOOK.

AMERICAN STUD BOOR.

A.

ABELINO, g. c. by Dragon, dam Celerrima.

1804. John Hoomes.

ACQUITTAL, by Timoleon, dam (dam .of Bolivar) by Sir Hal, &o.

William Wynne.
ACTEON, ch. h. by Dandridge's Fearnought, dam [by imp'd] Fearnought,

gr. dam by imp'd Jolly Roger, out of an imp'd mare, &c.

Chesterfield, Va. 1712. Thos. Woolridge.
ch. c. by Kosciusko, dam Artless.

1829. S. Carolina. Harrison.

ACTIVE, by Chatam, dam Shepherdess, (by imp'd] Slim.
ADAMANT, b. h. by Boxer, dam by Lindsay's Arabian, g. dam by Oscar,

out of Kitty Fisher.

1799. Nicholas Wynne.
ADELINE, b. f. by Henry, dam by Old Oscar, g. dam the Maid "of Nor-
thumberland, &c. New Jersey. J. Vandike.
br. m. by Spread Eagle — Whistle Jacket — Rockingh'am—

Old Cub, &c. '

1806. John Tayloe.

- YOUNG, by Topgallant, dam Adeline by Spread Eagle.

1809. John Tayloe.

ADELA, b. f. by Ratlei, dam young Adeline.

Dr. Irvine.

ADELAIDE, b. f. by Thornton's Ratler, dam Desdemona by Miner Es-
cape, &.C.
ADRIA, b. f. by Pacific, dam Oceana.

1831. J. Southall.

ADMIRAL NELSON, [imp'd] b. h. by John Bull, dam Olivia, by Justice

—Cypher, &c.

Foaled 1795. William Lightfoot.

AFRICAN, bl. h. by Careless, dam by Lloyd's Traveller, gr. dam by

Othello.

Flatbush, 1788. A. Giles.

AGNES, or the Thrift mare, by Bellair, dam by Wildair, gr. dam by

Fearnought, &c. William Thrift.
b. m. by Sir Solomon, (by Tickle Toby,) her dam Young

Romp, by Duroc, g. dam Romp, by [imp'd] Messenger.

1822. Gen Coles

28

316 AMERICAN STUD BOOK.

AGRICOLA, il. h. by Highflyer, dam by [imp'd] Dove, gr. dam Emery's

noted running mare.

Chesterfield, Va. Reuben Short.

AGRIPPA, g. h. by the Winter Arabian, dam by Harrison's Pretender,

(who was by Hyde's [imp'd] Pretender,) g. dam by (imp'd) Dio-

mede, &c.

Kentucky. R. J. Bieckenridge.

AJAX, (See Kill Devil.)
ALFRED SIR, (See Sir Alfred.)
ALARICUS, by Haskin's Americus, dam (Henderson's) Young Medley, g.

dam, by Thornton's Wildair, &c.
ALEXANDER, [imp'd] was bred by Sir William Wynne, Bart, got by

Lord Grosvenor's Old Alexander, (son of Eclipse) his dam Sweet-
brier, g. dam out of Monimia's dam, who was by Alcides, her dam

by Crab, out of Snap's dam, &c.

Virginia. Wm. Smalley.
[Imp'd] got by Champion, dam Countess, &c.

Claverick, New- York, 1797.

gr. c. by Old Pacolet, dam Jenny Riland.

[by imp'd] Bedford, dam Imp'd mare Drone, &c.

Col. Platt.
ALEXANDRIA, sor. m. [by imp'd] Alexander, dam Black Maria by Shark.

1811. J. Tayloe.
[Imp'd] was by Alexander, her dam by Woodpecker, g. dam

by Phlegon, out of Lord Egremont's Highflyer mare, &c.

Foaled, 1796. John Hoomes.

ALBEMARLE, by Diomede, dam Penelope, by Shark— Indian Queen by

Pilgrim, &c.
ALDERMAN, [Imp'd] got by PotSos, dam Lady Bolingbrooke, by Squir-

rell, Cypron, the dam of king Herod, &c.

John Banks.
Mare, dk. b. by Alderman, dam by Clockfast, out of a Wrl-

dair mare.

1799. J. Wickham.

ALARM, [Imp'd] br. m. by Thunderbolt, dam Tadora, &c.
ALABAMA PACOLET, (see Pacolet Alabama.)
ALBERT, by Americus, dam by Wildair, (by Fearnought,) g. dam by

Vampire, g. g. dam by [Imp'd] Kitty Fisher.

1798 Robert Saunders.

ALCIDES, b. c. by Galatin, dam Clio, [by Imp'd] Whip.

Richard A. Rapley.

ALFRETTA, ch. f. by Christian's Hotspur, (by Timoleon,) dam Lady Al-
fred, by old Sir Alfred.

1831. Hugh Campbell.

ALGERINA, b. f. by Jones' Arabian dam Equa.

P. Wallis.
ALIDA, ch. f by Bagdad, dam Nancy Nichol, [by Imp'd] Eagle, her dam

by Little Wonder, &c. W. W.

A.LIERKER, a. g. by Old Sir Hal, dam by Wonder, her g. dam by Bellair,

g. g. dam by Medley, &c. Wm. D. Taylor.

\LICE, gr. f. by Henry, dam Spirtmistress.

Queens Cy. New-York, 1829. Thos. Pearsall.

\LICE GRAY, gr. f. by Brilliant, dam by Sir Archy.

Foaled, 1829. Thomas Snowden, Jun.

ALLAKROKA,b.m. by Telegraph, dam Crazy Jane by Sky Scraper.

Lewis Berkley.

AMERICAN STUD BOOK. 317

ALL TRUMPS, s. m. by Sir Archy, dam [by /mp'cq Jack Andrews.

Richard Adams.

ALL WORTHY, b. c. by Aratus, dam Miss Gatewood.
ALKNOMAC, ch. c. by Kosciusko, dam by Buzzard, g. dam [by Imp'd]

Speculator, &c.

Kentucky. Ed. M. Blackburn.

ALZIRA, by Archduke, dam by Bedford, g. dam by Pollyphemus, g. g.

dam by Sloe out of Celesta.

Wm. Garnett.
AMANDA, by Grey Diomede, dam Amanda by Bedford.

Powhatan, Va. Wade Mosby.

-- b. m. by Bedford, dam by Old Cade, g. dam by Col. Hick-

man's Independence, (by Fearnought,) out of Dolly Fine, &c. Pur-

chased by J. Hoomes. J. Broaddus.

-Duroc, b. m. by Duroc, dam by Sir Solomon, g. dam ~~

Trumpetta, &c. 1827.

AMAZON, by Dictator, dam Statira by Percy, g. dam Homespun by Rom-

ulus.

1800. Wade Hampton.

AMAZONIA, b. m. by Tecumseh— Sir Harry— Celer, &c.

Nash. Cy. N. C. 1815. Nath. Ward.

AMAGAZA, b. m. [by Imp'd] Chance, dam by Carolinian — Chanticleer -

Flimnap — Fearnought — Old Janus, &c.
AMERICAN ECLIPSE, (or New- York,) s. h. by Duroc, dam Miller's

Damsel, (by Messenger,) g. dam [Imp'd] PotSos mare by Eclipse,

<fec.

Dosiris, Long Island, N. Y. Foaled, 1814. C. W. Van Ranst.
AMERICA or GIFT, ch. h. by Old Fearnought, dam by Jolly Roger, g.

dam by Dabster.

Bred by Ralph Wormley, 1775. Augustin Miller.

ch. s. h.

by Smiling Tom out of a Blooded mare.

York Town, Va. 1777.

-b. m. by Sir Peter, dam Diana by Americus.

AMERICUS, [by Imp'd] Shark, darn by Wildair, (by Fearnought,) g. dam
by Vampire, out of Braxton's Kitty Fisher.
Ki

ing and Queen, Va. 1798. John Hoskins.

[by Imp'd] Fearnought, dam [Imp'd] Blossom.

AMY ROBSART, ch. f. by Gracchus, dam Ladv Bunbury.

J. Randolph.
ANASTATIA, b. m. by Tom Tough, dam by Hoskins' Americus, g. dam by

Boxer, &c.
ANDREW JACKSON, b. h. by Virginian, dam by Sir Arthur, g. dam by

Florizell.
ANDROMACHE, by Old Cub, her dam by Sweeper, g. dam Clarissa, [by

Imp'd] Ranger.

Washington, 1808. Wm. Thornton.

ANGELINA, b. f. [by Imp'd] Norris' Paymaster, dam Shrewsberry Nan by

Bajazett.

Cecil Cy. Maryland, 1795. Th. M. Forman.

ANNA, b. f. by Truxton, dam Dido by Coeur de Lion.

1810.
ANNETTE, by Old Shark, dam by Rockinghain, g. dam by Galatin.

Lewis Willis.
ANTOINETTE, b. f. by Marshal Ney, dam Camilla by Timoieon.

Raleigh, N. C. 1830. C. Manly.

ANVIL, [by Imp'd] Cormorant, dam by Bellair, gr. dam an [Imp'd] maie.

Landon Carte*

318 AMERICAN STUD BOOK.

VNVELINA, [Imp'dj b. m. Presented by Mr. O'Kelly in 1799 to Col. J.
Tayloe, she was by Anvil out of O'Kelly's famous mare Augusta by
Eclipse. Sold Col. Alston of S. Carolina.

VPOLLO, dk. b. h. by Old Fearnought, dam Spotswood's [Imp'd] Culien
- Arabian mare.
1777. Richard Elliott.

VPPARITION, [Imp'd] b. c. by Spectre, dam young Cranberry, (bred by
Earl Grovesnor,) by Thunderbolt out of Cranberry, by Sir Peter,
&c. [Imp^d] into New- York.

\RABIAN LINDSAY'S or RANGER, presented by the Emperor of Morocco to
the captain of an English vessel, and landed in the West Indies •
there he broke three of his legs, and was made a present to a gentle-
man from Connecticut, where he went by the name of Ranger.
Captain Lindsay was sent by General Lee, in 1777-8, who purchased
him and brought him to Virginia. See American Farmer, vol. 9,
page 223.

JONES'. A dapple grey 15 hands high, black legs, mane and

tail. Selected in Tunis by Major Stith, American Consul there, and
purchased for Commodore Jacob Jones of the United States Navy,
See American Farmer, vol. 10. page 127.

-SELIM, g. h. presented by Murad Bey to the late Gen. Sir P

Abercrombie, and after his death he became the property of Com-
modore Barron, of whom he was purchased, and afterwards sold
and carried to Kentucky.

1815. John Tayloe.

-WINTER'S. Was captured during the last war, (1814,) then

one year old, by the privateer Grampus, of Baltimore, on board the
brig Doris, his Majesty's transport, No. 650, on his passage from
Senegal in Africa, to Portsmouth, England, and was intended as a
present for the then Prince Regent, late king of England. This
horse was sold, and purchased by E. J. Winter, member of Con-
gress, from the State of New-York. This Arabian is now white, and
about four feet nine inches high.

-BAGDAD-. Was purchased by George Barclay, Esq. of New-

York, from Haseanade Gris, Minister to England from Tripoli, who
imported him to England, as a horse of the purest Arabian blood : he
was purchased by a Company in Nashville, Tennessee, for $8,000.

1823.
-BussoRA. [Imp'd] from the land of Job, for which $4,000

was paid. Stood at New- York.

-BALLESTEROS, dk. br. formerly the property of Ferdinand

King of Spain, and still bears the Royal Mark. When the French
Army got possession of Madrid, the "steed belonging to the King ol
Spain, was taken by the Spanish nobles, carried to Cadiz and there
sold. Amongst others was young Ballesteros — he became the pro-
perty of Richard S. Hackley, Esq. Consul at that place, who dis
posed of him to Captain Singleton, of Philadelphia, who brought
him to this country, and sold him to Thomas Guy of Richmond, Va.
he got some colts in the State of Delaware.
Broad Rock, Va. 1816. William Ball.

ARABARB, bl. [7mj»V] by Col. Lear, a large strong horse,

well proportioned but not handsome ; he was the sire of the dam of
Fairfax. Col. Lear.

ARABIA, bl. h. by Old Janus, from a blood mare by an [Imp^d] Horse.
Cumberland Cy. Va. 1777. Thomas Moody.

FELIX, ch. m. by Arab, dam by Shy lock.

Thomas T Tabb,

AMERICAN STUD BOOK. 319

ARAB, b. h. by Sir Archy, dam Bet Bounce, by Sir Harry.

Brunswick Cy. Va. 1829.
ARATUS, b. h. by Director, dam (Star's dam) by Sir Harry, g. dam by

Sattram, &c. (dead.)

J. J. Harrison.
ARABELLA, br. f. by Arab, dam by Virginian, g. dam by Old Sir Archy.

1827.
-- by Dare Devil, dam a Clockfast mare.

Richmond, 1823. Samuel McCraw.

ARCHER, f/mp'd.] A bay horse got by Flagergill, dam sister to Crassus,

by Eclipse, Young Cade, Rib, Partner, Greyhound, &c.

Virginia, 1802. T. Reeves.

ARCH DUKE, [Imp'd.] A brown bay got by Sir Peter Teazle, dam Ho-

ratio by Old Eclipse — Countless by Blank.

Richmond, 1803. John Banks.

ARCHIBALD, [Imp'd] bred by the Duke of Hamilton, and foaled in 1801.

He was got by Walnut son of Highflyer, his dam the bay Javelin

mare, her dam Young Flora, sister to Spadille by Highflyer, &c.

William Smalley.
ARCH DUCHESS, by Sir Archy, dam Duchess. (Blind.')

John Randolph.
ARCHY SIR, (Benehans) by Old Sir Archy, dam by Eagle, gr. dam [by

Imp'd] Druid, g. g. dam by Old Mark Anthony.
--- -[NEAL'S] by Old Sir Archy, dam Virginia.

J. Jackson.

- MINIKIN, b. f. by Sir Archy, dam Young Minikin.

John Randolph.

----- GREY, (See Grey Archy.)
ARIADNE, [by Imp'd] Citizen, dam by Blank.

Col. Holcombe.
-- -by Bedford, dam Mambrino.

J. Hoomes.
--- by Ball's Florizelle, dam Thunderclap, (bred by Mr. Wick-

ham, Richmond,) g. dam Ariadne, by Bedford.
ARIEL, b. f. by Young Contention, dam Kitty [6y Imp'd} Whip.

Georgia, 1830. Charles A. Rudd.

- -(brother to Partner,) by Morton's Traveller, dam Col. Task-
er's Selima, &c.

Richmond Cy. Va. 1754.

. - (or Eriel,) by American Eclipse, dam Empress by Financier.
. - by Old Tanner, dam by Galloway's Selim, g. dam an [Imp'd.]

Maryland, 1782.

ARIETTA, b. m. by Virginian, dam by Shylock.
ARION, ch. h. by Polyphemus, dam Leeds, gr. dam by Traveller out of

[Imp'd] mare Pocahontas.

Spencer Ball.

ARISTOTLE, [Imp'd] b. h. by the Cullen Arabian, his dam by Old Crab,

g. dam by Hobgoblin, Godolphin Arabian, &c.

Charles City Cy. Va. 17G4. Hodgkin.

' • • - b. m. by Aristotle, dam an [Imp^d] mare from Lord Cullen's

Stud.
ARMINDA, by Medley, dam by Boltou, gr. dam Sally Wright by Yorick.

1790. J. Hoomes.

ARIMINNA, by Brimmer, dam Peyton Randolph's Lovely Lass, &c.
ARRAKOOKER, 7/npV] br. by Drone, out of a Chatsworth mare, her aam

by Engineer — Drone by Herod.

Foaled, 1789. Imported by Dr. Tate.

28*

320 AMERICAN STUD BOOK.

ARRAKOOKRESS, ch. m. by Arrakooker, dam Young Hope by Dio-

mede, &c.
ARTLESS, b. m. by a son of [Imp'd] Bedford, dam a Ratth de Cashe by

Terror, he by Janus, &c.

S. Carolina, 1809. Harrison.

ASPACIA, gr. m. by Bellair, dam Polly Peachem.

1795. J. Tayloe.

ASSIDUOUS, \by Imp'd] Wonder, dam by American Eagle.
ATLAS, b. h. [by Imp^d] Ranter, dam [by Imp^d] Lansdale out of an

Imported rnare.

Bait. Cy. 1787. M. Nestor.

ATLANTIC, (bred by T. B. Hill,) by Archy, dam by Phoenix. (Broke

down young.)
AT ALANTA, ch. f. by Old Slouch, dam Brilliant mare.

South Carolina, 1791. Wm. Alston.
• b. m. by Hart's [/mp'dj Medley, dam Pink by Old Mark An-
thony, g. dam by Jolly Roger, &c.

1787. James Blick.

-by Sir Harry, dam by Melzar son of Medley, &c.

— by Dictator, dam Duchess by Hero, &c.

by Lindsay's Arabian, dam Kitty Fisher by Regulus.

b. f. by Roanoake, dam Young Minikin, &c.

J. Randolph.

ATTALUS, b. c. by Pacotaligo, dam Miss Crawler by Crawler— Melzar,
&c.

AUGUSTA, [/mp'd] by Sattram, dam by Wildair— Clockfast- -A polio-
Janus — Jolly Roger, &c.
Foaled, 1802. William Rives.

AURORA, gr. m. by Gov. Lloyd's Vintzun, dam Pandora by Grey Dio-
mede. Thomas Emery,

b. f. by Aratus, dam Paragon [by Imp'd] Buzzard.

[by Imp'd] Honest John, dam Zelippa by Old Messenger —

Bay Richmond, &c.

by Oscar, dam Pandora.

by Marplot, dam Camilla by Percy.

Richard A. Rapley.

AURELIA, [Im^dl by Anville, dam Augusta by Eclipse, Herod, Bajazett,
&c. 1800.

gr. f by Winter's Arabian, dam Sophy Winn by Blackburn's

Whip.

AURA, b. f. by Roanoake, dam Amy Robsart.

J. Randolph.

AURINE, br. f. by Whip, dam Arrakookress.

AUTOCRAT, [Imp'd] gr. h. sixteen and a half hands high, by Grand
Duke, dam Olivetta, (by Sir Oliver,) g. dam Scotini by Delphini,
Scotta by Eclipse, &c. Grand Duke by Arch Duke out of Hand-
maid by John Bull, &c.
Foaled, 1822.

B.

tiABRAHAM, [by Imp'd] Juniper, dam Col. Tasker's [Imp^ Selima,&c
Philadelphia, 1780. Jacob Hittzheimer.

BACCHUS, b. c. by Sir Archy, dam by Rattler, (by Shark,) g. dam by
Wildair. Wilkinson.

AMERICAN STUD BOOK. 321

BADGER, [Tmp'd] gr. h. by Bosphorus, (a son of Babraham) dam by Black
and all Black— Flying Childers, &c.

N. Carolina, 1777. Gov. Eden.

[by Imp'd] Badger, dam by Galloway's Selim out of an imp'd

mare by Spot.

Maryland, 1806. Benjamin Ogle.

BAGDAD, (See Arabian Bagdad.)

BAINBRIDGE, [by Imp'd] Dion, dam Campbell's grey mare, bred in Ma-
ryland, got by Marcus and her dam by Moscow. (Died at 5 or 6
years old.)

BAJAZETT, [Imp'd] by Ine Godolphin Arabian, dam by Whitefoot—
Leedsman — Moonah — Barb Mare.
1740.

(LITTLE DEVIL,) by Dare Devil, dam Miss Fauntleroy.

1801. John Tayloe.

-(YOUNG,) b. h. by Bajazett, dam a Janus mare, (bred by B.

Moore, N. Carolina.)
King and Queen, Va. 1774.

BALD EAGLE, b. c. by Spread Eagle, dam Broadnax by Old Janus, &c.

J. Breckemidge.

by American Eclipse, dam Lady Lightfoot.

BALLY SHANNON, by Wedding Day, dam Miss Fauntleroy.

1801. J. Tayloe.

BALL HORNET, b. by Black and all Black, dam Rosetta by Shylock.

BALLESTEROS, (See Arabian Ballesteros.)

BANCO SEIB, by Bedford dam, dam of Byron by Archy.

R. Benehan.

BARONET, (Imp'd] b. h. by Virtumnus son of Eclipse, his darn Penulti
ma by Snap— Old Cade — Childers, &c.

This horse was imp'd into New- York with PotSos mare, the gr.
dam of Am. Eclipse.

BAREFOOT, [Imp'd] was by Tramp, (he by Dick Andrews out of a Go-
hanna mare,) dam Rosamond by Buzzard out of Roseberry, sister of
Huby and Tartar by Phenomenon out of Miss "West by Matchem,
&c. Sold in England for over f 12,000.
Foaled 1820. [Imp'd] by Sir Isaac Coffin, 1825--6.

BARBARA, b. f. by Roanoake, dam Wakefield.

BARONESS, b. m. by Potomac, dam by Young Baronet, gr. dam [by imp'd]
Bedford, g. g. dam [byimp'd] Shark, &c.

BARON BOSTROP, gr. c. by Roanoake, dam Miss Ryland.

1825. J. Randolph.

BARON TRENCK, by Sir Archy, dam by Old Galatin, g. dam [Imp'd] by
Gov. Telfair of Georgia.

Wm. Terrell. (Georgia.)

BASHAW, b. h. [by Imp'd] Wildair, dam De Lancey's [Imp'd] Cub mare.

New Jersey.

MARE, dk. ch. [by Imp'd] Bashaw, Imp'd Jolly Roger, Aris-
totle, Merrypintle, &c. dam an Imp'd mare from Lord Cullen's
Stud.

BAY RICHMOND, [Imp'd] by Feather, dam Matron by the Cullen Ara-
bian, Bartlett's Childers, &c.
1769.

BAY BOLTON, by Bolton, which was bred by the Earl of Northumber-
land, and owned by William Lightfoot of Charles City Cy. Va. dam
[Imp'd] Blossom.

BAY COLT, [Imp'd] a dk. b. got by Highflyer, dam by Eclipse from Yoi'ng
• Cade, which was the dam of Vauxhall, also dam of Dulcina, &.c.

322 AMERICAN STUD BOOK.

(Imported by Wm. Barksdale.)

Manchester, Va. 1797. Jos. Strange.

• (Sold by John Baylor,) [by Imp'd] Tup, dam by Old Shark,

g. dam Betsy Pringle by Fearnought.

MAKE, by Bedford, dam by Old Cade, g. dam by Hickman's

Independence.

J. Broadus.

BAY YANKEE, by President, dam Cora by Obscurity.
BAY BETT, b. in. by Ratler, dam b. m. bred by Isaac Duckett of Mary-
land in 1809, got by Dr. Thornton's [Imp'd] horse Clifden, her dam
by Richard Hall's Tom by imported Eclipse.

Gen. C. Irvine.
BAY MARIA, b. f. by American Eclipse, dam Lady Lightfoot, fee.

1831.
BAY DOLL, by Sans Culotte, out of the dam of Spot.

J. Randolph.
BEAUTY, b.f. by Ravenswood, dam Everlasting.

John Randolph.

— b. m. by Diomede, dam Virginia, full sister of Desdemona.

J. M. Selden.
BECCA JOLLY, ch. f. by Sir William, dam by Ragland's Diomede, gr.

dam [by Imp'd] Dion.

BEDFORD, f Imp'd] by Dungannon, (he by Eclipse,) dam Fairy by High-
flyer, Fairy Queen by Young Cade, &c.

Bowling Green, Va. 1792. John Hoornes.

(ELAND'S) [by Jmp'd] Bedford, dam Pandora by Bellair.

-MARE, [by Imp'd] Bedford, dam by imported Dare Devil.

Foaled, 1310. Greensville, Va. Thomas Spencer.

MARE, (Old) [by Imp'd] Bedford, dam by imp'd Coeur de

Lion — Fortuna by Wildair, &c.

R. K. Meade.

b. h. by Consul, dam [by Imp^d] Bedford.

Shepherds.

BEDLAMITE, b. m. by Cormorant, dam Madcap— Arvil, &c.

1799. J. Tayloe.

• ch. c. by Janus, dam by Young Frenzy.

J. Randolph.
BEGGAR GIRL, by Sir Archy.

b. f. [by Imp'd] Baronet, dam Betsy Bel!.

BEHEMOTH, (late Hamlet) br. by Bagdad, dam Rosy Clack.
BELLAIR, gr. h. by Old Medley, dam Selima by Yorick.

J. Tayloe.

(COOKE'S) gr. h. by Bellair, dam by Independence cut of a

Virginia mare, &c.
BELLARIA, by Bellair, dam Sweetest.

1796. J. Tayloe.
by Bellair, dam Narcissa by Wildair.

1797. " Tyler.

BELLISSIMA, b. f. by Melzar, dam by Old Wildair, Fluvia, &c.

1807. J. Tayloe.

BELLVILLE, by Bellair, dam Indian Queen [by Imp^d] Pilgrim
BELMONT, by Tanner, dam by Selim out of an [Imp'd] mare.
BELVIDERA, b. c.. by Symme's Wildair, dam [by Imp'd] Clockfast, gr.

dam by Old Yorick, &c.

Brunswick Cy. Va. 1798. Hartwell Tucker.

AMERICAN STUD BOOK. 323

BELVIDERA, b. f. by Roanoake, dam Archy Minikin.

John Randolph.
BEN COOPER, gr. c. by Messenger, dam Temptation by Heath's Childers,

1803.
BENYOWSKI, b. h. by Americus, (by Diomede) dam [Imp'd] Anvelina.

1802. John Tayloe.

BERGAMOT, [Imp'd] got by Highflyer, dam Orange Girl by Matchem —

Red Rose by Babraham— Blaze— Fox, &c.

Charles City Cy. Va. 1787. Win. Lightfoot.

BERNADOTTE, (Windflvwer) by Ball's Florizelle, dam [by Imp'd] Bed-
ford, g. dam by Quicksilver — Victorious, &c.
BERTRAND, b. h. by Sir Archy, dam Eliza [by Imp'd] Bedford, g. dam

Mambrino.
JUNIOR, ch. by Bertrand, dam Transport.

South Carolina, 1827. J. B. Richardson.

BET BOUNCE, b. f. by Sir Harry, dam Atalanta by Old Medley, &c.

Foaled, 1825.
BETTY, ch. f. by Contention, dam Flora by Ball's Florizelle.

Loudon, Va. J- Lewis.

BETSY ARCHER, by Old Sir Archy, dam Weazle.

E. Irby.

ANDREWS, ch. by Sir Archy, dam by Jack Andrews.

. BAKER, gr. f. by Buzzard, dam Portia.

br. m. [by Imp^d] Shark, dam by Romulus, — St. George,

Haynnes' Old Poll by Fearnought.

b. m. by Florizelle, dam Tartar mare by Old Fearnought, &c.

BLOSSOM, dk. b. by Superior, (by Old Superior,) dam by

Thornton's Wildair out of a Dare Devil mare.

.BELL, b. f. by Mr. McCarthy's Cub, dam Temptation.

HAXALL, (See Roxana.)

HCNT, br. m. by Sir Hal, dam by Dion— -Quickstep-— Shark

Wildair— -Clockfast, &c.

MAPISON, ch. f. by Madison, dam Maria by Archy.

PEARSON, ch. by Tom Tough, dam [by Imp\l] Diomede.

Wm. D. Taylor.

PRINGLE, by Old Fearnought, dam [Imp'd] Jenny Dismal.

RANSOM, gr. m. by Virginian, dam Old Favourite by Bellair.

.ROBINSON, b. f. by Thaddeus, dam Maria by Sir Archy-

[Imp'd] Sir Harry— -Dare Devil, &«.

-ROBBINS, ch. f. by Kosciusko, dam by Hephestion, g. dam

Arion, g. g. dam by Romulus.

by South Carolina, 1806. B. F. Taylor.
RUFFIN, ch. in. by Virginian, dam by Irby's Shylock, g. darn

Lady Burton.

SAUNDERS, gr. f. by Stockholder, dam by Pacolet.

TAYLOR, ch. m. by First Consul, dam [by Imp'd] Obscurity.

Philadelphia Cy.

WILSON, by Ratray, dam by Oscar.

1827. Col. Emery.

WILKS, b. m. by Sir Archy, dam by Bedford, g. dam by Dare

Devil, g. g. dam by Lamplighter, &c.
BIG BEN, [by Imp'd] Bedford, dam Pandora by Bellair.

See Phenomenon, also Charlemont or Strange's Traveller.

BLACK MARIA, by American Eclipse, dam Lady Lightfoot.

1826. J. C. Stephens,

y Shark, dam by Clockfast, g. dam Maria by Regulus, fee.

1804. ' T Tayloe.

324 AMERICAN STUD BOOK.

BLACK MERINO, by Vintzun, dam by Comet, g. dam by Don Carlos—

Old Figure, &c.

BLACK GHOST, [by Imp'd] Oscar, dam Pill Box by imp'd Pantaloon —
, Melpomone, &c.

Dr. A. Dixon, (Va.)
by Oscar, dam Melpomone, &c.
BLACK EYED SUSAN, by Sir Archy, dam [by Imp'd] Druid, g. dam by

imp'd Saltram.

1812. C. Harrison.

• by Potomac, dam by Galatin — by Diomede, &c.

1819. Stephen Hester.
BLACK AND ALL BLACK, by Madison, dam Virago by Whip.
[by Imp'd\ Brunswick, dam by Ariel, g. dam Brent's Ebony,

g. g. dam imp'd Selima.

Pennsylvania, 1780. Elihu Hall.

[Imp'd.] (See Othello.)

BLAKEFORD, ch. c. byGov. Wright's Silver Heels, dam Selima by Top-
gallant— Gabriel — Chatam, &c.

Maryland. Robert Wright, Jun.

BLACK JACK, b. c. by Carolinian, dam by Miner's Escape, (or Horn's.)
BLACK ROSE, bl. m. by Stockholder, (by Sir Archy,) dam by Hamilto-

nian, [by Imp'd Diomede,] g. dam by Columbus, (by imp'd Panta-
loon) otrt of Ladv Northumberland, &c.

Frederick Cy. Va. 1826. D. H. Allen.

BLAZE, [Imp'd] by Vandall, (by Spectator,) dam the sister of Chrysolite

by Truncheon — Regulus — Partner, &c.

York, Va. 1796. Hugh Nelson.

br. c. by Roanoake, dam Miss Peyton.

J. Randolph.

BLAZELLA, \by Imp'd] Blaze, dam Jenny Cameron.
BLACK PRINCE, by Don Carlos, (he by Figure) dam by Figure, g. dam

by Dove — Othello, &c.

Mi

aryland, 1783.

by Marion, dam Lady Burton, &c.

1827.
BLACK WARRIOR, [by Imp'd] Merryfield.

by Black Warrior.

BLACK TOM, by Tom Jones, dam an imp'd mare.
BLEMISH, b. m. by Gracchus, dam imp'd Duchess.

1819. H. Burwell.

BLOSSOM, [Imp'd] by Old Sloe, her dam by Regulus the sire of Fear*

nought, &c.

Thomas Nelsou, (Va.)

-Imp'd] dap. gr. by Bordeaux, dam by Highflyer, g. dam by
Eclipse out of Vauxhall's dam by Young Cade, &c.
Pennsylvania. John Mayo.

BLUE SKIN, b. c. by Roanoake, dam Miss Ryland, &c.

J. Randolph.

• MARE, by Baylor's Fearnought, dam an imp'd mare.

BLUE RUIN, by Gracchus, dam Duetta, &c.

BLUSTER, \ Imp'd] by Orlando, (son of Whiskey,) out of a Highflyer mare

sister to Escape by Pegasus, her dam by Squirrel, &c.
^ Petersburgh, Va. James Dunlop.

BOASTER, [Imp'd] b. h. by Dungannon, dam by Justice, Mariame by
Squirrel— -Miss Meredith by Cade, &c.

Foaled, 1795. Walter Bell.

BOLIVAR, by Sir Hal, dam by Old Diomede — Wild air— Apollo, &c.

AMERICAN STUD BOOK.

BOLIVAR, gr. h. by Oscar, (by Wonder,) dam by Pacolet, Truxton, &c.

; by Sir Robert Wilson, dam Darning Needle.

b. h. by Ratler, dam by Sir Solomon.

1826. Wright.

BOLTON, [Imp'd] b. by Shock, owned by Mr. Lightfoot of Charles City

Va.

Foaled, 1752.
MARE, ch. by Bolton, dam Sally Wright by Yorick.

Foaled, 1776. John Hoomes.

BOMPARD, [by Imp' d] Obscurity, dam by Pillgarlic, g. dam by Imp'd

Jack of Diamonds, &c.
BONNETS O'BLUE, gr. f. by Sir Charles, dam Reality by Sir Archy.

Win. R. Johnson.
BONNY BLACK, b. f. by Bagdad, dam Fancy.

Tennessee. D. W. Sumner.

BONNY LASS, (L. Hardimans,) by Jolly Roger, dam [Imp'd] Bonny

Lass.

[Imp'd'] by Bay Bolton.

BONAPARTE, b. by Col. Tayloe's Grey Diomede, dam by Matchem, g.

dam by Marius — Silver Heels, &c.

Maryland. Sam. Norwood.

BOREAS, b. c. by McCarthy's cub, dam Shrewsbury Nan, by Bajazet, <fec.

KentCy.Md. 1791.

BOXER, [by Imp'd] Medley, dam by Baylor's Fearnought, g. dam by Jolly

Roger, «fcc.

Goochland Cy. J. Curd.
by Sir Archy, dam [by Imp'd] Druid — Symme's Wildair-

Americus, &c.

Ohio, 1830. P. Claiborne.

BRANDON, by Aristotle, dam by Old Janus.
BRAVO, b. c. by Henry, dam Gulnare, &c.

Queens County, N. Y. 1829. Tho. Pearsall.

BRENDA, ch. f. by Gracchus, dam Mariana.

F. B. Whiting.
b. m. by (Ame's) Sir Archy, dam Madame Lavalette.

Foaled, 1823. J. J. Ambler.

BRITANNIA, [Imp'd] b. m. was got by Pegasus, dam Peggy, was very

fleet, but invariably bolted.

1800. John Tayloe.
by Wildair, dam [by Imp'd] Aristotle, g. dam by Imp'd

Vampire out of Imp'd Britannia.

1792. Col. Symme.
foil sister to True Briton, dam Col. Gant's Milly, full sister

to Hopper's Pacolet, &c.

dk. gr. m. by True Briton, dam Duke of Cumberland's Ebo

ny, &c.

Maryland, 1769.

BRIGHT PHOEBUS, full brother to Miller's Damsel.
BRILLIANT, [Imp'd] gr. by Phenomenon, dam Faith by Pacolet- Ata

lanta by Matchem, &c.

Foaled, 1791. J. Tayloe.
br. c. by Sir Archy, dam Bet Bounce.

1826. W. R. Johnson,

-b. c. by Marplot, dam Brilliant mare.

1797. Joseph Alston.

CHICHESTER'S, by Timoleon, dam Caroline by Marshall

Fairfax County, Va. 1828.

326 AMERICAN STUD BOOK.

BRILLIANT, ch. h. by Eden's [Imp'd] Badger, dam by Othello, gr. dam by
Morton's Traveller, &c.
Towsen's Tavern, Maryland, 1786. J. R. Hollitlay.

MARE, [by Imp'd] Matchem, dam Imp'd was by Brilliant,
&c.

1799. Ed. Fen wick.

BRIMMER, b. h. by (Karris') Eclipse, dam Polly Flaxen.

Powhatan County, Va. 1777. T. Turpin.

Her

b. h. by Herod, dam by Robin Redbreast, g. dam by Shark
Clive, &c.

John Goode.
[by Imp'd] Valiant, dam by Jolly Roger.

BROADNAX, by Old Janus, dam by Apollo, g. dam by Fearnought, g. g,

dam by Jolly Roger, &c.

1784. - Broadnax.

BROWN FILLY, [Imp'd] was by Sir Peter Teazle out of the dam of Horn's.

S. Carolina, 1802. John McPherson.

BRUNSWICK, [Imp'd] (called Lightfoot in England,) was got by Oro-

nooko, a son of Crab, (Black and All Black) out of Miss Slamer-

kin. Brunswick's dam by Babraham, a son of Godolphin Arabian,

&c.
BRUNSIMUTT, dk. br. h. by Brunswick— [Imp'd] Ranter— Imp'd Dab-

ster, &c.
BRUNETTE, full sister to Gohanna.

- b. f. by Telegraph.

- b. f. by Roanoake, dam Archy Minikin.

J. Randolph.

BRYAN O'LYNN, [Imp'd] by A ston, dam by De Sang— Regul us— Part
ner — Brocklesby's Betsy, by the Curwen bay Barb. Foaled, 1796.
North Carolina, 1803. - Turner.

BUCKSKIN, by Mark Anthony, dam Brandon.

B. Harrison.

BUCEPHALUS, [Imp'd} br. h. got by Sir M. Witherton's Locust, dam by
Old Cade, g. dam by Partner.
Foaled, 1758. Archibald Ritchie.

s. h. by Craig's Yorick, dam by Careless.
King William Cy. Va. 1777. Reuben Butler.

"). h. by Symme's Wildair, &c.

1807. Col. Ed. Ward.

-by Granby, dam Maria Slamerkin.

BUFFALO, b. c. by Bagdad, dam Anna by Truxton.

BUSSORA. (See Arabian Bussora.)

BULLE ROOK, (Old) [by Imp'd] Sparks out of a full blooded mare.

BURK, ch. c. by Stockholder, dam Eliza by Bagdad.

BURSTER, ch, h. by Rasselas, dam by Topgallant, g. dam, [by Imp'd\

Play or Pay— Bellair, &c.

Wm. Cleveland.

BURSTALL, by Shylock, dam Dare Devil mare.
BURWELL'S TRAVELLER. (See Traveller Burwell's.)
BUXOMA, ch. f. by Pulaski, dam Virginia Nell.

1829. J. Blick.

BUZZARD, [Imp'd] ch. h. by Woodpecker, dam by Dux— Curiosity by

Snap — Regulus, &c.

1787. J. Hoomes.

gr. h. by a son of Old Buzzard, dam Pandora by Bellair, &c.

OLD, ch. in. [by Imp'd\ Buzzard, dam by Diomede, gr. dam

by Boxer, &c.

AMERICAN STUD BOOK. 327

BUZZARD, YOUNG, m. by Harmltonian (of Va.) darn" Old Buzzard [by

Imp'd] Buzzard, g. d. by Diomede, &c.
MARE, ch. by Buzzard, dam Symmetry, bought by M. Alex-

ander.

Geo. Jefferson.

c.

CADMUS, b. h. by Sir Archy, dam by Shylock, g. dam [by Imp'd] Bed
ford, &.c.

Kentucky. N. Hutchcrcrft.

CADE, by Old Partner, dam [Imp'd] Kitty Fisher.

1788. Wm. Lumpkin.

ch. c. bv Ajax, dam Tartar mare, &.c.

1791.

CAIRA, ch. by Wildah, (by Fearnought,) dam by Sloe, the dam of Grey
Diomede.

1796. Richard Brooke.

CALYPSO, g. m. by Medley, dam Selima by Yorick.

1793. J. Tayloe.

b. f. by Chance Medley, dam by Vintzun.

Col. Chambers-

by Nolimetangere, dam Lady Dudley by First Consul.

CALENDER, ch. h. by American Eclipse, dam Princess by Sir Archy, g.

dam a full blooded mare.
CAL1STA, gr. f. by Roanoake, dam Miss Peyton.

J. Randolph.
CALMUC, ch. c. by Timoleon, dam Fair Forester, &c.

1831. Dr. Goodwin.

CAMDEN, by Old Janus, dam Polly Haxen.

King and Queen, Va. 1782. Harry Gaines.

CAMELEON, dk. br. m. by Virginian, dam Rosetta [by Imp'd] Dion.
CAMILLA, [Imp'd] by Dove, &c.

by Tanner, dam Stella by Tasker's Othello.

Henry Carter.

ch. m. by Timoleon, dam Duchess by Bedford.

Halifax, N. C. Robert A. Jones.

— by Old Wildair, dam Minerva by Obscurity.

Wm. Broadnax.

gr. m. by Old Peace Maker, (by Diomede,) dam Lady Eagle.

fee.

Albemarle, Va. Walter Coles.

by Old Fearnought, dam Calista.

b. m. by Bolingbroke, dam by Thornton's Diomede, he by

Ball's Florizefle— [Imp'd] Whip, &c.

King and Queen Cy. Va. 1826. Hugh Campbell.

b. f. by Bluster, [Imp'd] son of Orlando, dam Jet.

J. Randolph.

ch. m. by Sumpter dam, by Robin Gray, &c.

Tho. Stephens.

CAMILLUS, b. h. by Bunvell's Traveller, dam Camilla by Old Fearnought
Foaled, 1773.

Prince George, Va. 1782. John Gordon.

CANDIDATE, b. c. by Cormorant, dam by Mexican out of Maria, &c.

Freds. James Smock.

(late Eutaw.J ch. c. by Virginius, dam Peggy by Bedford.

CANTAB, ch. h. by Pantaloon, dam Selima by Yorick.
29

328 AMERICAN STUD BOOK.

»
CARDINAL PUFF, [Imp'd] by Cardinal Puff, dam by Bardy, g. dam by

Matchem, &c.

Herring Bay, Maryland, 1737. Sam. Harrison.

CARLO, [Imp'd] b. h. by Balloon, dam own sister to Peter Pindar by Jave

lin, g. dam Sweetheart by Herod — Snap, &c.

1809. Dr. Thornton.
[by Imp'd] Carlo, dam by imp'd Florizelle out of a mare raised

by Col. R. K. Heath, &c.

Major Gibbs.

CARELESS, [by Imp'd] Fearnought, dam Camilla, by Dove— Othello-
Spark, &c.

Maryland, 1776. Rich. Sprigg.
by Cormorant, dam [by Imp'd] Shark, gr. dam Betsy Prin-

gle, &c.

1801. J- Hoomes.

by Obscurity.

CARNATION," br. h. by Virginian, dam Rosetta [by Imp'd} Dion.
CAROLINE WHITEFOOT, b. m. by Oscar, dam Indian Hen by Othello,

g. dam by Lloyd's Traveller, &c.

Caroline Cy. Va. 1818. Elisha Wilson.

CAROLINE, ch. f. by Mufti.

b. f. by Eclipse, dam a Janus mare.

b. m. by Old Sir Archy, dam [by Imp'd} Dion, g. dam MJSS

/ Selden by Sorrel Diomede — Wildair, &c.

1823. Dr. Tho. Hall.

CAROLINA, b. f. by Saltram, dam Medley mare, g. dam Old Reality, &c.

Marmaduke Johnson.

CAROLINIAN, gr. c. by True Blue, dam Medley mare, &c.
MARE, gr. by Carolinian, dam gr. mare by Superior, gr. dam

by Quicksilver— [Imp'd] Shark, &c.

-b. by Sir Archy, dam [by Imp'd] Druid, gr. darn by Wildair

by Fearnought, &c.

CARROL, ch. c. by Sir William, dam Jennett by Muzzle Diomede.

CARRION CROW, by Young Royalist, dam [by Imp'd] Spread Eagle.
Paris, Kentucky. Jefferson Scott.

^ASTIANIRA, [Imp'd} br. m. by Rockingham, dam Tabitha by Trent-
ham out of the dam of Pegasus.
Foaled, 1796. Imp'd 1799. John Tayloe.

CASTANIA, by Arch Duke, dam Castiamra.

1803. J. Tayloe.

CASWELL, b. h. by Sir William, (by Sir Archy,) dam Lady Bedford, and
half brother to Giles Scroggins.

J. W. Jeffries.

CASTAWAY, b. c. by Roanoake, dam Miss Peyton.

1827. J. Randolph.

CATHERINE THE GREAT, b. f. by Roanoake, dam young Grand
Duchess. J- Randolph.

CELER, [Imp'd] by Old Janus, dam Brandon by Aristotle— Cullen Ara-
bian, <fec.
Foaled, 1774. (Virginia, 1798.) Meade.

MARE, by Celer, dam by Janus, &c.

Green.

CELIA, by Old Wildair, dam Lady Bolingbroke.

ch. m. by Powhatan, dam [by Imp'd} St. Paul, g. darn by

SansCulotte, &c.

CELERIMA, by Old Medley, dam by Old Celer, gr. dam by Old Fear-
wught, &c. 1797. Edmund Harrison.

AMERICAN STUD BOOK. 329

CENTINEL, [Imp'd] ch. h. by Blank out of Naylor by Cade, Spectator'*

dam by Partner, &c.

Foaled, 1758.
CENTAUR, br. h. by Evan's Starling, dam an [Imp'd] mare.

Foaled, 1764.

CHAMBERLAIN, ch. h. by Diomede.
CHANCE, [Imp'd] b. h. by Lurcher, (son of Dungarmon,) dam by Hydei

Ally— -Perditta DY Herod — Fair Forester by Sloe, &c.

1797. John Tayloe.
MEDLEY, gr. h. [by Imp'd] Chance, dam by Young Diomede,

(by gr. Diomede,) g. dam by Imp'd Oscar, &c.

CHANTICLEER, by Wildair, dam by Pantaloon, g. dam by Traveller-
Mark Anthony, &c.

1798. B. Wilkes.
br. by Sir Archy, dam Black Ghost [by Imp'd] Pill Box by

Imp'd Pantaloon — Morton's Traveller.

Jas. G. Green.
CHARLES CARROLL, ch. c. by Sir Charles, dam Susan by Bond's Sir

Solomon, &c.

CHARLES STEWARD, b. h. by Tuckahoe, dam by Sir Solomon.
CHARLES MARE, by Sir Charles, dam by Young Hal, gr. dam by Bed-

ford, g. g. darn [Imp'd] Trumpeter.
CHARIOT, [Imp'd] b. h. by Highflyer, dam Potosi by Eclipse— Blank-

Godolphin Arabian — Snip — Partner, <fec.

Foaled, 1789. N. Carolina, 1800. J. & L. Lyne.

CHARLEMONT, [Imp'd] b. c. (afterwards called Big Ben) in which namt

he ran many races in England, and afterwards in this country called

Traveller — he was got by O'Kelly's Eclipse, his dam by king Herod

—Blank— Snip— Penton's Lady Thigh, &c.

Foaled, 1786. Manchester, Va. Jas. Strange.

CHARLEMAGNE, by Wildair, dam by Romulus by Mark Anthony, out

of Judge Tyler's Pompadour.
CHATAM, by Fitzhugh's Regulus, dam Brent's Ebony, g. d. Selima [by

Imp'd] Othello.

Gunpowder Falls, 1786. Brogden.

CHARLOTTE, ch. f. by Galatin, dam Anvelina.

by Sir Archy, dam Merino Ewe.

W. R. Johnson.

-TEMPLE, full sister to Gohanna.

CHEROKEE, by Sir Archy, dam Young Roxana by Hephestion.
CHESNUT MARE, by Diomede, dam by Alderman, g. dam by Clockfast,
&c.

J. Wickham.
CHESAPEAKE, gr. h. by Sweeper.

Gittings.

CHEVALIER, by Celer, dam Brandon by Aristotle.

B. Harrison.

CHILDERS, [Imp'd] b. by Blaze, son of the Devonshire Childers, dam by
Old Fox, £c.
Stafford Cy. Va. 1759. Francis Thornton.

HEATH'S, ch. h. by Baylor's Fearnought, dam an imported

mare by Bajazet — Babraham — Sedbury, &c.

Rich. Barnes.

b. h. [hy Imp'd] Childers, dam by Traveller.

Charles' County, Maryland, 1764. Gee. Lee.

-FLYING, ch. (brother to Ratler) by Sir Archy, dam by Robir

Redbreast, &c. Gen. Wynne

330 AMERICAN STUD BOOK.

CHIEFTAIN, ch. c. by Director, dam by Hoskin's Sir Feter, gr. dam by
Highlander, &c.

Rich. Hill.

CHINOANGT1, [by Imp'd] Arab, dam Aurora by Imp'd Honest John.

CICERO, by Sir Archy, dam [by Imp'd} Diomede, g. dam by Imp'd Fear-
nought— Jolly Roger, &c.

MARE, (dam of Trifle) by Cicero, dam by Bedford, g. dam

by Bellair— Shark, &c.

1822. Tho. Graves.

CITIZEN, [Imp'd'] b. h. by Pacolet, a son of Blank, a son of the Gedol-
phin Arabian — Fairy Queen by Young Cade, &c.
Foaled, 1785.

by Pacolet, dam Fancy.

Tennessee, 1818.

by Timoleon, dam by Sir Hal, g. dam Ariadne, (Johnson's.)

CINCINNATCJS, (Bowie's) by Lindsay's Arabian, his dam [by Imp'd} Fi-
gure, g. dam Thistle by Imp'd Dove.

by Bay Richmond, dam Blue Skin by Baylor's Fearnought.

Ringold.

CINDERELLA, full sister to Marshal Duroc.

B. Badger.

[Imp'd] b. f. by Sir Peter, her dam (Vivaldi's dam) by Mer-
cury, g. dam Cynthera, &c.
S. Carolina. Gen. John McPherson.

CIRCE, by Ariel, dam [Imp'd'} Lady Northumberland.

1784. Beckwith Butler

CLARA FISHER, by Kouskiouska, dam by Hephestion, g. d. by Roxana,
(her dam never run, having been crippled.)

b. f. by Virgin! us, dam Transport.

CLAUDIUS, b. h. by Old Janus, dam Brandon by Aristotle.

Andrew Meade.

-by Meade's Claudius, dam by Cole's Eclipse.
-MARE, by Claudius, dam by Bolton, g. dam S

dam Sally Wright.

1791. J. Hoomes.

CLARISSA, b. m. by Sumpter, darn by Cook's Whip, [by Imp'd] Whip,

g. dam by Imp'd Spread Eagle — Bellair, &c.
CLERMONT, by Spread Eagle, dam Peggy. (Went to the South.)

J. Tayloe.
-- ch. c. by Kosciusko, dam Josephine by Young Bedford, &c.

S. Carolina, 1824. J. J. Moore.

CLEVELAND, ch. h. by Bussora out of a Director mare.

J. M. Selden.
CLEMENTINA, b. f. [by /mp'dl Paymaster, dam Tulip.

Maryland, 1795. Tho. M. Firman.

CLEOPATRA, by Druid, dam by Pegasus.

E. Haynes.

CLIFDEN, [Imp'd] b. h. by Alfred, a son of Matchem, his dam by Flori-
zelle, g. dam by Matchem.
Foaled, 1817. Dr. Thornton.

[Imp'd] got by Abba Thulla, dam Eustatia by Highflyer —

Wren by Woodpecker — Sir Peter Teazle's dam.
1795.

-MARE, by Doctor Thornton's [Imp'd] Clifden, dam by R.

Hall's Tom, he by Imp'd Eclipse.

(or Cliften,) ch. h. by Dr. Brown's Wonder, dam Iris by Ster

ling, &c.

1815. J. Lewis.

AMERICAN STUD BOOK. 331

CLIO, [by Imp'd] Whip, dam Sultana by imp'd Spread Eagle.
. - ch. m. by Sir Archy, dam Beauty by Diomede, g. dam Vir-
ginia by Dare Devil.

Foaled, 1817. C. W. Van Ranst.

CLOCK FAST, [Imp'd] gr. h. by Gimcrack, (sire of Old Medley,) dam Miss

Ingram by Regultis — Miss Doe by Sedbury — Miss Mayes by Bart-

lett's Childers, &c.

Foaled, 1774.

CLOWN, [Imp'd} got by Bordeaux, brother to Florizelle, dam by Eclipse-
Crisis by Careless — Snappiana by Snap, &c.

Foaled, 1785. N. C. Cain & Ray.

COCK OF THE ROCK, brother to American Eclipse.
COEUR DE LION, \Imp'd] b. h. by Highflyer out of Dido by Eclipse-
Spectator — Blank, &c.

Foaled, 1789. (1800.) John Hoomes.

COALITION, b. h. by Shylock, dam Maria by Bay Yankee, Green's mare

by Celer, &c.
COESS, b. m. by Virginian, dam by Sir Arthur, g. dam by Bellair, g. g. dam

by Medley, &c.
COLLECTOR, by Old Mark Anthony, dam Lady Legs.

Died, 1813. S. R. Carney.

COLLIER, ch. c. by Sir Charles out of a Whip mare.

1826. William Finney.

COLLING WOOD, ch. c. by Thornton's Ratler, dam Vixen by Trafalgar,

&c.
COLUMBIA, by Ogle's Oscar, dam Selima by Hall's Eclipse.

— ch. f. by Sir Archy, dam Duchess by Bedford.

b. m. [by Imp'd] Eugene, out of a Young Selima by Yorick.

—[by Imp'd] Baronet, dam by Old Cub — Partner, &c.

COLUMBUS, ch. h. by Young Sir Harry (he [by Imp'd] Sir Harry,) dam

Gentle Kitty by Young Postboy.
b. h. by Tennessee Oscar, (by Wonder) dam [by Imp'd]

DungannoH — imp'd Rapid.

Isaac Bledsoe.

s. h. [by Imp'd] Pantaloon, dam Lady Northumberland, &e

s. h. by Sir Archy, dam Vixen by Jack Andrews.

1828. James G. Green.

COMBINATION, by Gracchus, dam Evelina by Phenomenon.
COMMUTATION, b. h. by Symme's Wildair, dam by Yorick, g. dam by

Little David, &c.

1788. JohnBelfield.

COMPETITOR, by Dragon out of Celerima.
COMMODORE, [Imp'd] bl. b. h. 16 hands high by Caleb Quotem, (a son

of Sir Peter Teazle,) dam Mary Brown by Guilford, &c.

Geneva, N. Y. C. A. Williamson.

COMET, ch. by Tayloe's Yorick, dam by Ranger, g. dam by Dove, g. g

dam by Tasker's Othello, &c. John Brown.
• ch. h. by Old Janus, &c.

1792. J.Lewis.

CONSTANTIA, gr. f. [by Imp'd] Messenger, dam Betty Bell.

Thomas M. Foreman.
CONSTANTIA, b. m. [by Imp'd] Whip, dam by imp'd Bedford— imp'd

Shark, Wormley King Herod, &c.

1814. D. H. Allen.

CONSTELLATION, ch. c. by Thornton's Ratler, dam Nettletop.

L. Berkley

dk. ch. by American Eclipse, dam Olivia.

29*

332 AMERICAN STUD BOOK.

CONSUL, by First Consul, dam [by Imp'J] Aracohen, Messenger, a Bashaw

mare, &c.
MARE, by First Consul, dam [by Imp'd] Obscurity, g. dam

Moil by Grey Figure, &c.

1827.
CONFESSOR, (Speculator,} by Shark, dam Fluvia by Partner out of the

dam of Oracle, &c.

CONGAREE, ch. c. by Kosciusko, dam full sister to Sarlly Taylor.
CONTENTION, by Sir Archy, dam a Dare Devil mare, &c.
CONTRACT, [Imp'd] ch. h. by Cotton out of Eliza Leeds, dam Helen by

Hamiltonian, gr. dam Drowsey by Drone, g. g. dam Mr. Goodrich's

Old English mare, &c.

New-York, 1829. William Jackson.

CONVENTION, by Sir Charles, dam by Sir Alfred, Florizelle, Bedford,

&c.

• b. h. b. Virginian dam.

Wm. H. Minge.
CONSTITUTION, by Diomede dam, (dam of Timoleon,) [by Imp VI Sal-

tram-Old Wildair, &c.
CONQUEROR, b. h. [by Imp'd] Wonder, (Cripple) his dam by Saltram—

Dare Devil — Pantaloon — Valiant Jumper out of a mare imp'd by

Mr. John Bland. A. J. Davie.

CONTEST, ch. c. by Contention, dam Fairy by Sir Alfred.

Petersburg, Va. William Haxall.

b. h. by Virginian, dam by Constitution, Bay Yankee, [Imp'd]

Diomede, &c.

Mecklenburg, Va. T. Young.

COPPER BOTTOM, c. c. by Sir Archy, dam by Buzzard, g. dam, dam of
Betsy Richards.

Edward Parker.

COPPER HEAD, by Kosciusko out of a Whip mare, g. dam by Buzzard-
Grey Diomede, &,c.

COQUETTE, by Sir Archy, dam Bet Bounce by Sir Harry.

VIRGINIA, (See Virginia Coquette.)

CORA, by Bedford, dam Little Moll by Medley.

J. Tayloe.

by Dr. Brown's Godolphin, dam by Charles Fox, g. dam by

Hall's Eclipse, &c.

G. W. Peter.

by Obscurity dam.

ch. m. full sister to Virago and Nettle by Wildair by Ajax.

CORIANDER, by Diomede, dam by Shark.

Wm. B. Hamlin.

CORNELIA VANHORNE, ch. f. by Wares' Godolphin, dam Sally Bax-
ter, &,c.

CORNELIA, by Chanticleer, dam by Old Celef.

John Randolph.

BEDFORD, by the Duke of Bedford, (he by Bedford) dam Pi-
lot by Old Quicksilver.

CORNET, by Old Yorick, dam by Ranger, (fee.

CORNWALLIS, by Florizelle, dam out of Edelin's Floretta

CORMORANT, [Imp'd] b. h. by Woodpecker, his dam Nettletop by Squu
rel — Bajaxet — Regulus — Lonsdale Arabian — Darby Arabian, &c
Foaled, 178 7.
Virginia, 1800. John Hoomes

CORSICA, b. c. by John Richards, dam Selima by Topgallant.

Philip Wallii.

AMERICAN STUD BOOK. 333

CORPORAL TRIM, ch. by Sir Arch}', dam by Old Diornede, gr. dam by
Wildak-, Apollo, Partner, &.c.

J. Powell.

CORPORAL CASEY, ch. c. by Virginius, dam Josephine by Eland's Bed-
ford, &c.

1826. J- J- Moore.

COSSACK, b. c. by Marion, dam Camilla by Timoleon.

C. Manly.
COTTAGE GIRL, ch. f. by Arn. Eclipse, dam Agnes by Sir Solomon.

Sold to T. Harrison, Boston.
COUNT BADGER, ch. c. by American Eclipse, dam by Hickory.

Boush.

COUNT BERTRAND, b. h. by Old Bertrand (of South Carolina) dam
Constantia [by Imp'd] Whip.

PIPER, ch. c. by Marshal Duroc, dam [by Jm/»'J] Expedition,

g. dam by imp'd Royalist.

Daniel Holmes.
COUNTESS, ch. m. by Ridgley's Young- Oscar, dam oy Little Bay Post

Boy, -and out of the Mountain Filly, &c.

COWSLIP, [Imp'd] by Virtumnus, dam by a son of Latham's Snap, g. dam
Clementine,'&c.

-by Bedford, dam [Impjd] Hackabout, <fcc.

oy tsei
CRAB, tlmp'd] ch. fifteen and a half hands high by Old Fox, his darn the

Warlock Galloway by Snake, &c.

Foaled, 1739.

CREMONA, b. f. by Spread Eagle, dam Gasteria.
CRAZY JANE, b. m. by Rob Roy, dam Josephine, &c.

J. Lewis.
by Allen's Skyscraper, dam a Cincinnatus mare, g. dam by

Galloway's Selim.
CRAWFORD, [/mp'tfj gr. h. bred by the Duke of Cumberland, and got by

his Arabian.

Covered in Va. in 1762. Robert Ruffin.

CRAWLER, b. h. by Highflyer, his dam Harriet by Old Matchem, &c.

Tennessee.
CRUSADER, by Sir Archy, dam Lottery by Bedford.

South Carolina, 1830.
CUB, [Imp^d] ch. h. fifteen hands three inches high, bred by Mr. Grenville,

got by Old Fox, his dam Warlock Galloway — Curwen's Bay Barb

&c. Foaled, 1739.
MARE, [Imp>d] by Cub a son of Fox, her dam by Torismond,

son of the Bolton Starling, her g. dam by second brother to Snip, &c.

1767. Delancy.

CUB, (called Old,) b. h. by Yorick by Silver Legs out of Moll Brazen, &c.

Westmoreland, Va. Daniel McCarthy.
MARE, b. m. [by Imp^d] Figure out of imp'd Cub mare, (killed

running a race.)

J. L. Gibson.
CUMBERLAND, gr. h. by Pacolel, clam Virginia by Dare Devil.

James Jackson.
CUPBEARER, b. h. by Bedford, -dam Louisa by Harris' Eclipse.

John Tayloe.

by Florizelle, dam by Bellair.

CURTIUS, by Dioinede, dam by Bedford, g. dam by Patriot.
CUT LEG, ch. f. by Gracchus, dam Everlasting.

IS 18. John Runaolpii.

331 AMERICAN STUD BOOK

CUPID OSCAR, h. h. bv Fdelin's Oscar, jun. dam by Thornton's Mercury,

g. (lain bv Bowifi^ Sportsman, &c.

Pr. Ceo. Maryland, 1327. Thomas N. Baden.

CYPRON, b. in. by Van Tromp, dam Miss Madison by Lurcher.
CYPRUS, dap. gr. by Smiling Tom, dam by Silver Legs, (the dam of

McCarthy's Cub.)
CYPHAX, by Janus out of an [Imp'd] Mare.

Jas. City, Va. 1775. John Walker.

CYGNET, by Cormorant out of Blossom.

Turner Dixon.

DABSTER, [Imp'd] by Hobgoblin— Spanker— Hautboy, &c.

Imp'd 1741.
DARE DEVIL, [Imp'd] b. h. by Magnet, dam Hebe by Chrysolite out of

Proserpine sister to Eclipse, <Lc.

Foaled, 1787.

- YOUNG, [by Imp1 (I] Dare Devil, dam by a son of Old Partner
out of a mare which was got by an imp'd horse.

New Kent Cy. Va. 1802. John Clopton.

-- MAKE, [In/ Imp'd] Dare Devil, dam Sallard's old mare by
\Vildair, g. dam Picadilla by Bait & Macklin's Fearnought.

- Irby.
-- MARE, [by Imp'd] Dare Devil, dam Trumpeter.

J. Hoomes.
DAIRY MAID, by Bedford, dam Racket by Medley.

- - s. m. by Sir Hal, dam [by Imp'd] Oscar, g. dam by Old Dio

niede — Bellair, &c.

J. M. Botts.
DAFFODIL, by Dare Devil, dam Celeriraa.

T. C. Nelson.

DAMON, dk. ch. h. by Old Celer — Babraham — thoroughbred Janus mare,
&c.

- b. by Janus (by Fearnought) dam by Old Fearnought out of
an [Imp'd] mare Steady Sally.

1781. John Baylor.

DAME PRESLEY, b. in. by Carolinian, dam Miss Dance.
I) A PI INK, by Figure, (by Vorick) dam an Ebony mare.
DAPPLE JOHN, by Lloyd's Traveller— [fmp'd] Janus— imp'd mare.
DARIUS, dap. b. h". [by Imp'd] Jolly Roger— Baylor's Old Shock out of a

thorough bred imp'd mare.

Foaled, 1767.
DART, ch. in. by Diomedon— Old Celcr— Old Warning— Old Spaclille,

&.c. out of a thorough bred mare.

l:!i:». (Crippled.)
DARLINGTON, [Imp'd] b. h. by Clothier, dam by Highflyer, Little John,

& c.

Mecklenburg, Va. J. Goode.

. --- MARK., by Darlington, dam byClodius, g. dam by Bolton, g. g.

dam Sally Wright, &c.

J. Tavloe.

MAHE, dk. Iron gr. [by Irnp'd] Darlington — Hart's Medley —

thorough bred mare by imp'd Justice, &c.
DA VID, [Z/H/vV] b. h. by the Govver Stallion, dam by Fox Cub — Young

True Blue out of the sister of Pelham's Little George, &-C. 175£
LITTLE, (See Little David.)

AMERICAN STUD BOOK. 335

DARNING NEEDLE, b. m. by Sir Archy, dam [by //??/>'</] Diomene.

Foaled, 1813. E. Warfield.

DASHER., gr. c. by Cincinnatus, dam Shrewsbury Nan.

Maryland. Thos. M. Forman.

DASHALL, br. h. by Sir Archy, clam Meg Dodds.

Reeds, Caroline Cy. Messrs. Corbin's.

DAUPHIN, b. by Lloyd's Traveller, dam by Old Figure, gr. dam by Dove,

«fec.

Chas. Cy. Maryland, 1783.
DEFIANCE, br. h. by Floiizelle, dam Miss Dance by Roebuck.

J. Tayloe.
DE KALB, b. h. by Arab, dam by Virginian, g. damPrudentia by Shylock.

South Carolina, 1832. A. R. Ruffii

Rumu.

-br. c. by Kosciusko, dam Virginia Coquette.

1825. J. Ferguson.

DESDEMONA, by Dare Devil, dam Lady Bolingbroke.

1800. J. Tayloe.
b. m. by Miner's Escape, dam by Dare Devil, gr. dam by

Mask.

1819. E. G. W. Butler.
gr. f. by Comet, dam Kitty Fisher by Oscar.

1792. Ramson Davis.
«- br. ch. m. by Virginias, dam Miss Fortune [by Imp'd] Star,

g. dam Anvelina.

1818.
DELEGATE, ch. c. [by Imp^d] Valentine, dam Cornelia Van Home, £c.

1831. T. M. Forman.

DELILAH, b. m. by Sir Archy, dam by Herod, &c.

Jas. L. G. Baker.
DEMOCRAT, b. h. by Grev Diomede, dam by Hall's [Imp'd] Eclipse, «.

dam by Don Carlos.'

Walter Bo\v;e.
hi. c. by Morgan's Shakespeare, dam Shrewsbury Nan, &c.

Cecil Cy. 1794. T. M. Forman.

DEPRO, by Bay Baronet, dam [Imp'd] Crop.
DE WITT CLINTON, ch. h. by Ratler, dam (Flirt's dam) by Duroc, 3.

dam by Baronet.
DIAMOND, [ImfNL] by Hautboy, son of Old Fox, &c.

Alex. Spotswood.
DIANA, gr. f by Galatin, dam by Clio [by Imp'd] Whip.

1317.

b. m. by Claudius, dam Sally Painter.

br. m. by Tayloe's Hamiltonian, dam by Bowie's Bellaii—

Irish Grey, &c.

Lexington, Kentucky, 1821. E. Warfield.

-by First Consul dam, dam of Marshal Ney, g. dam by Mes-

senger, g. g. dam by Figure.

-by Americus (by Shark,) dam Minerva by Bellair.

[by Imp^d] Sterling, dam one of Col. Willis' best mares.

Col. Davies.

DIANA VERNON, br. b. m. by Ratray, dam Cora [by Imp\l\ Carlo out of
Pandora.

Maryland, 1817. James Parker.

DIANORA, b. (.[by Imp'd] Expedition, dam Betsy Bell.
ICK DASHALL, ch. c. by Diomede, dam Shark mare.

J. Hoomes, Jun

336 AMERICAN STUD BOOK.

DICTATOR, [by Imp'd] Mexican, dam by Imp'd Flimnap, g. dam Imp'd.
Bought at the Duke of Bridgwater's sale in 1762.
Foaled, 1790. Gen. John McPherson.

DIDO, gr. f. (bred by J. Hoomes) by Coeur de Lion, dam Araminda by
Medley, g. dam by Bolton.
1798.

— by Gen. Morris' [Imp'd] Bay Richmond, dam Slamerkin by
Wildair.

-b. f. by Coeur de Lion, dam Poll by Eclipse.

1804.
DI VERNON, by Old Florizelle, dam by Ogle's Oscar, g. dam by Hero,

&c.

— DIANA, by Sir William, dam Lady Burton.

D1NWIDDIE, b. h. by Diomede, dam by Wildair, gr. dam by Apollo-
Partner — Fearnought, &c.

1804. Dr. Wm. Cutler.

DION, [Imp'd~\ by Spadille, dam Faith by Pacolet, gr. dam Atalanta by

Matchem — Lass of the Mill by Oronooko — Old Traveller, &c.

1795. J- Hoomes.
MARE, b. m. [by Imp'd] Dion— Highflyer— Apollo— Old Jolly

Roger, &c.

Halifax, Va. 1806. J. Sims.

DIOMEDE, [Imp'd} ch. h. by Florizelle, dam by Spectator, g. dam sister

to Horatio by Blank — Flying Childers — Miss Belvoir by Grey Gran-

tham — Paget's Turk — Betsy Percival by Leed's Arabian. (Died in

1807, 30 years old.)

(BATT'S,) [by Imp'd] Diomede, dam Mulga by Wildair.

EAGLE, br. c. [% Imp'd] Eagle, dam Chesnut Mare by Dio-

med«, gr. dam by Alderman — Wildair, &c.

18 i !. J. Wickham.

— (THORNTON'S,) by Ball's Florizelle, dam [by Imp'd] Whip, gr.

dam by Topgallant, &c.

Thornton.

MARE, b. [by Imp'd] Diomede, dam by Gimcrack, (alias Ran-

dolph's Roan.)

Buckingham Cy. Va. 1815. Edw. Curd.

— MARE, b. by Ragland's Diomede — [Imp'd] Dion — Imp'd High-
flyer— Apollo, &c.

1816. J. Sims.

-GREY. (See Grey Diomede.)

b. m. [by Imp'd] Diomede — Darlington — Old Medley — Clock
fast, &c. — thorough bred mare by Imp'd Justice, &c.

Jas. Gowan.

-- (SECONP,) gr. [by Imp'd] Diomede, dam by Imp'd Clockfast

— Old Partner — Old Regulus, &c.

Cumberland Cy. Va. Wm. Randolph.

DIOMEDA, [by Itnp'd] Diomede, dam Imp'd Janette.
D1OMEDIAN, by Am. h. Saltram, (son of [Imp'd] Diomede,) dam by Hen-

drick's Celer, (son of Old Celer.)

DIRECTOR, ch. by Sir Archy, dam Meretrix by Magog. -
--- YOUNG. (See Young Director.)
DIRECTRESS, ch. m. by Director, dam by Old Potomac, g. dam by Gim-

crack, &c.

1H2.2. - Jackson.

DOGTO , b. c. by Pacotaligo, dam Virginia, (Coquette.)

1819. J.Ferguson.

DOLLY FINE, by Old Silver Eye, dam [by Imp'd] Badger-— Forester, &c.

AMERICAN STUD BOOK. 337

DOLLY PATMAN, ch. by Sir Alfred, dam by Tom Tough, g. dam by

Kellis by Dandridge's Fearnought.
DOLLA BELLA, b. f. by Roanoake, dam Bay Doll.

1825. J. Randolph.
DON CARLOS, [by Imp'd] Valentine, dam Fenella by Silver Heels.
b. h. [by Imp'd] Figure, dam Primrose by Dove.

1780. Dr. Hamilton.

DON JUAN, ch. c. by Timoleon, dam Rosemary [by Import] Diomede.

by Rattler, dam by Oscar, g. dam by Medley.

Dr. Thornton.
DONGOLAH, by Mark Anthony, dam Nancy Bell by Fearnought, g. dam

Miss Bell.
DOMINICA, gr. h. [by Imp'd] Dove — Regulus — American horse Othello —

thorough bred Imp'd mare.
DORA, b. f. by Kosciusko, dam Josephine.

1825. John S. Moore.

DORACLES, [by Imp'd] Shark, dam by Clockfast.
DOTTRELL, [Imp'd] g. fifteen and a half hands high, got by Changeling,

his dam by a son of Wynn's Arabian.

Foaled, 1750. Westmoreland Cy. Va. 1766. Philip L. Lee.

DOUBTLESS, by Fitz Diomede, (son of Diomede,) dam by Picture, g.

dam by Sweet Surry by Spadille.

G. P. Tayloe.
DOUBTFUL, b. f. by Spread Eagle, dam Medley mare.

John Hoemcs.
DOVE, [Imp'd] gr. by Young Cade, dam by Teazer out of a Gardiner

mare, &c.

1 762. Dr. Hamilton.

DOUCE DA VIE, b. c. by Roanoake, dam Cornelia.

1825. J. Randolph,

DRAGON, [Imp'd] by Woodpecker, dam Juno by Spectator, Horatio by

Blank,— Childers— Miss Belvoir, &c. Died 1812, aged 25 years.

John Hoomes.
[by Imp'd] Dragon — Truxton — Barry's Grey Medley — Stern

— Pillgarlic, (fee.
DREADNOUGHT, ch. c. [by Imp'd] Expedition, dam Tulip.

Thos. M. Forman.
DRIVER, [Imp'd] b. h. by Driver, dam by Lord Ossary's Dorremont, g.

dam by Old King Herod — Shephard's Crab — Miss Meredith by

Cade. Foaled, 1794.

Washington City. Dr. W. Thornton.

DRUID, [Imp'd] ch. near sixteen hands high by PatBos, (son of Eclipse,;,

his dam Maid of the Oaks by king Herod — Matchem — Snap — Re

gulus, &,c.

Foaled, 1790. (1800.) John Hoomes.

DUETTA, by Silver Tail, dam Vanity by Celer.
DUBIOUS, b. c. by Bertrand, dam Darning Needle, &c.

1829.
DUNGANNON, [Imp'd] b. h. by Dungannon, dam by Conductor— Flitt

by Squirrel — Helen by Blank — Crab out of Old Partner's sister.

1 793. J. Tayloe.
by Bedford, dam by Coeur de Lion, g. dam by Medley.

1803.
DUFF GREEN, (Cage's Colt) 5r. gr. by Pacolet, dam by Royalist, gr. dam

by Bompard, (son of Obscurity,) Pillgarlic, &c.

DUKE OF BEDFORD, [by Imp'd] Bedford, dam Pilot by Quicksilver,
DUKE OF LIMBS, (Experiment) by Highflyer. J . Iloomes

A-MERICAN STUD BOOK.

DUKE CHARLES, ch. c. by Kosciusko, dam by Financier.

J. J. Harrison.

DUROC, ch. h. [by Imp'd'', Diomede, dam Amanda by Grey Diomede, &c.
Died 1826.
Powhatan Cy. Va. 1810. Wade Mosby.

b. h. by Old Duroc, dam by Florizelle — Gabriel — Bedford,

&c.

DUTCHESS, [Imp'd] b. m. bred by the Duke of Grafton, got by Grouse son
of Highflyer out of Georgiana, own sister to Conductor by Matchein
— Babraham — Partner, &,c.
1801. John Randolph.

by Bedford, dam Thresher [by Imp'd] Shark— Twigg, &c.

R. R. Johnson.

by Hero, dam by Brutus, g. dam by Tarquin — Old Prince, &c.

Rich. Rapley.
DUMPLING, ch. f. by Gracchus, dam Everlasting.

1318. John Randolph.

DUTIFUL, ch. f. by Sumpter, dam Miss Haggin.

E. Warfield.

E.

EAGLE, [Imp'd] b. sixteen hands high, got by Volunteer (a son of Eclipse)
out of a Highflyer mare, her dam by Engineer — Cade — Lass of the
Mill by Traveller — Miss Matchless — Partner — Woodcock, &c.
Foaled, 1796. Whitby, Va. 1812. S. S. Saunders.

_ b. h. [by Imp"1!?] Eagle, dam Iris by Imp'd Sterling.

J. Lewis.

br. b. by Spread Eagle, d»am Arminda, &c.

1801. Sold to Mr. Alston^ S. C. J. Hoomes.

-b c. by Volunteer, dam by Highflyer — Engineer — Cade, &c.

Foaled, 1796.

-br. b. by Old Sir Solomon, dam Aurora by Honest John, gr.

dam Zelippa [by Imp'd] Messenger.
New Jersey. Stephen Hunt.

;. by Spread Eagle, dam Spadille.

EBONY YOUNG, [Imp'd]. (See Young Ebony.)

1762.
EBONY, [by Imp'd] Othello, dam Imp'd Selima.

Virginia. Brent.

. dk. br. by Roanoake, dam Jet.

1829. J. Randolph.

EASTER, ch. f. by Gohanna, dam by Napoleon, g. dam by Sir Harry—

Diomede, &.c.

1829. Thos. Graves.

ECHO, ch. f. by American Eclipse, dam Maria Slamerkin.

1825.
ECONOMY, b. c. by Old Rattler, dam by Topgallant— Bedford— Primrose,

&c.

Wm. Cleveland.

ECLIPSE AMERICAN. (See American Eclipse,) &c.
ECLIPSE, HARRIS' b. h. [by Imp'd] Fearnought, dam an Imp'd mare by

Shakspeare, &c.

Died 1790. Raised by John Baylor.
MARYLAND, dk. ch. h. by American Eclipse, dam Lady of

the Lake, g. dam Maid of the Oaks.

Bait 1829. Samuel Brtecoo.

AMERICAN STUD BOOK. 339

ECLIPSE, SOUTHERN, ch. h. by Northampton, dam by First Consul — Grey

Diomede — Old Ebony, &c.

William Thornton.
., COLES', ch. sor. h. [by Imp'd] Obscurity, dam by Apollo, gr.

dam by Old Valiant— Try All, &c.

Prince George Cy. 1796. Wm. Cole.
tby Imp'd] Eagle, dam Lauretta by imp'd Bedford, &c.

Kentucky, 1825. Lewis Sheely.

-HEROD, [by Imp'd] Driver, dam imp'd Miss Bennington.

• . /->•*__ i nnn "t*7™ rpu^-

Washington City, 1808. Wm. Thornton.

VIRGINIA, (See Virginia Eclipse.)

-OF THE WEST, b. h. by Duroc, dam [Imp'd] Moggy Slamerkm,

&c.

Warren, Ohio, 1825.

LIGHTFOOT, bl. c. by American Eclipse, dam Lady Lightfoot,

&c. 1825.

-by Virginius, dam Anvelina

1812. J. B. Richardson.

MARE, dk. bay by Harris' Eclipse— Black and All Black— Old

Mark Anthony, &c. thorough bred mare.

Halifax Cy. N. C. 1797. Vaughan.

-NORTHERN, [Imp'd] by O'Kelly's Eclipse, dam Amyrillis by

Adolphus, &c.

Foaled, 1770. Annapolis, 1780. Wallace & Muire.
[Imp'd} ch. was got by O'Kelly's famous Eclipse, dam Phebe

full sister of Apollo — Phebe by Regulus, her dam by Cottingham, g.

dam by Snake, &c.

Prince George Cy. Richard B. Hall.

EFFIE DEANS, b. rn. by (Farmer's) Florizelle, (by Ball's Florizelle,) dam

by Clockfast, gr. dam by Jones' Coeur de Lion — Robin Redbreast-
Dare Devil, &c.
ELECTION, c. c. by Spectator, dam Fairy by Bedford.

1811. J. Hoomes.

ELEGANT, [by Imp'd] Fearnought, dam by Bellair— Wildair, &c.
ELIZA, ch. m. by Bagdad, dam Mellwood by Topgallant.

Tennessee. L. J. Polk.

[by Imp'd] Bedford, dam imp'd Mambrino, &c.

b. f. by Justice, dam Nancy Dawson.

1803. James Ferguson,

-ch. m. by Timoleon, dam by Sir Alfred (the dam of Waxey,

&c.)

Red House, N. C. J. W. Jeffries.

ADAMS, by Hornet, dam [by Imp'd] Jack Andrews.

W. H. Minge.

REILEY, b, f. by Sir Archy, dam Bet Bounce.

Dr. J. Minge.

•SPLOTCH, g. f. by Sir Archy, dam by Diomede.
WALKER, b. f. by American Eclipse, dam by Moore's Sir Ar-

chy, g. dam Jenny Deans.

-WHITE, b. f. by Sk Archy, dam by Djomede.
by

-WHARTON, b. by Director, dam by Bedford — Proserpine by

Dare Devil.

DRAKE, ch. f. by Shawnee, dam by Sir Archy.

John White, (of Jackson.
ELIZABETH, by Sir Archy, dam by Robin Redbreast.

Gen. Wynne

b. m. by Alfred out of the dam of Sally Hornet by Hornet.
30

340 AMERICAN STUD BOOK.

ELVIRA, ch. f. by Bedford, dam Virginia Sorrel.

(Sold to H. King.) J. Tayloo.

EMIGRANT, by Carolinian, dam Pet by St. Tammany.
EMPRESS, [by Imp'd] Baronet, dam by Old Messenger— Snap— True

Briton, &c.

Flatbush, Long Island.
ENDLESS, ch. f. by Gracchus, out of sister to Everlasting.

1819. J. Randolph.

ENTERPRISE, b. h. by Diomede, dam Forlorn Hope.

Henry Macklin.
by Florizelle, dam by Saltram, (the dam of Timoleon and

Constitution.)

-(See Grey Diomede.)

ENGINEER, ch. [by Imp'd} Eagle, dam by imp'd Archduke out of imp'd

Castianira, &c.

Broadnax.

EQUA, ch. m. [by Imp'd} Chance, dam by Republican President, g. dam

by imp'd Figure— Dove, &c.

1815. Isaac Duckett.

EQUINOX, ch. c. [by Imp'd] Baronet, dam Tulip.

1799. T. M. Forman.

ERIEL, (or Ariel,) gr. m. by Am. Eclipse, dam Empress by Financier.
ESCAPE, (or HORNS,) [Imp'd] ch. h. fifteen and a half hands high, was got

by Precipitate, his dam by Woodpecker, his g. d<un by Sweet Brier,

out of the dam of Buzzard by Dux — Curiosity by Snap — Regulus,

&c.

Foaled, 1798. John Hoomes.

N. B. Escape was called Horns in England, under which name he

raced.
MINT.R'S, [by Imp'd] Escape, dam by imp'd Bedford, g. dam

imp'd Gasteria.

MARE, ch. bred by Dr. Thornton in 1821 by Miner's Escape,

dam Young Adeline by Topgallant.

Irvine.

-OF THE WEST, by American Eclipse, dam Moggy Slamican.

Courtland Cy. N. Y. Ebenezer Hopkins.
by Timoleon, dam by Sir Harry, g. dam by Old Diomede.

:>bert Saunders.

ETHIOPIA,bl.m.byTayloe'sBedford(by Bedford) dam by PotSos, who was
by Old Medley out of a Conductor mare, g. dam Celer, &c.

EVELINA, by Phenomenon, dam by Regulus, g. dam by Lindsay's Ara-
bian, &c.

EUDORA, b. m. [by Imp'd] Dragon, dam by impV Clifden, g. dam by Flag
of Truce — Goode's Brimmer

H. Baldwin, jun.

EXILE, ch. c. by Coeur de Lion, dam oyren Silver, g. dam Caroline by
Eclipse, &c.
Davidson, Tennessee. 1806.

EXPECTATION, (See Galatin.)

EXPEDITION, or Ballinamuc, [Imp'd] fifteen hands, three and a half in-
ches high, was got by Pegasus, his dam Active by Woodpecker, gr
dam Laura by Whistlejacket, g. g. dam Pretty Polly by Starling.
Foaled, 1795. J. Humphreys.

EXPRESS, [Imp'd] was got by Postmaster out of a Cypron mare, g. dam
by Matchem, g. g. dam by Snip, Regulus, &c.
1785.

AMERICAN STUD BOOK 341

F.

FAIR PLAY, b. c. by Play or Pay, dam Bellaria.

1802. J. Hoorncs.

by Citizen, dam by Medley.

Gen. Eaton.

FAIR FORESTER, b. m. [by Imp'd] Chance, Celia by Symmes' Old Wil-
dair — Lady Bolingbroke, &c.

John Baker.
FAIRFAX, (afterwards called Ratthr}l>j Rattler, dam Laura by Arabarb,

Imp'd by Col. Lear, an Arabian horse.

FAIR MAID, by First Consul, dam Jane Lowndes, by Driver.
FAIR RACHEL, by Diomede, dam Susan Jones by Old Shark, Wildair,
&c.

ROSAMOND, gr. m. by Sir Archy, dam Forlorn Hope.

H. Macklin.
FAIRY, by Sir Alfred, dam [Imp'd] Promise.

b. in. by Tom Tough, dam [by Imp'd] Archibald — Lothario —

Whig, &c.

by Herod, dam by Diomede — Gimcrack, &c.

Joseph Bailey,
-by Bedford, dam Mambrino by Mambrino full sister of Nai-

lor's Sail}'.

Foaled, 1797. A. Spotswood.

FAIR STAR, b. f. by Torpedo, dam Betsy Wilkes.

Foaled, 1831. G. A. Blaney, U. S. A.

FANNY, ch. f. by Coeur de Lion, dam Fanny Foster by Wildair.

Tennessee", 1808.

FANNY FOSTER, ch. by Old Wildair, dam by Old Partner— Old Fear-
nought— Old Jolly Roger, &c.

N. Carolina, 1795. John Foster.
MURRAY, g. f. own sister to Miss Peyton.

1814. John Randolph.

COLE, br. b. by Francisco, dam Sting by Jack Andrews.

Benjamin Harrison.

— FAIRMAID, ch. m. by Rob Roy, dam Fairmaid by First Con-
sul, &c.
HILL, ch. f. by Sir William, dam Diomede mare by Ragland's

Diomede, &c.

FANTAIL, br. m. by Sir Archy, dam Sally McGhee.
FANCY, br. m. by Wilke's Wonder, dam by Mark Anthony, Fearnought,

&c.

Tennessee, 1809. J. Sumner.

by Jubilee, (by Independence,) dam Stella.

by Independence, (by Atkinson's Fearnought) dam by Ameri-

cus— [Imp'd] Traveller— Monkey, &c.

H. Macklin.
FARMER JOHN, b. c. by Sterling, dam [Imp'd] Janette.

Richard Hoomes.
FAVOURITE, [Imp'd] b. m. by Volunteer, dam by Matchem, Dainty Da

vey-~Bayton, &c. bred by Mr. Fenwick.

Foaled, 1790. Imp'd 1796. John Hoomes.

• by Old Fearnought dam.

Gen. Jones.

(Old) by Bellair, dam by Bedford, Pantaloon, &c. (Wyche's.)

F. Thornton, (of Warren.)

342 AMERICAN STUD BOOK.

FAYETTE, by Fitzhugh's Regulus, dam by Othello, [Imp'd] Juniper, Mer-

ton's Traveller, &c.

Charles City Cy. Va. 1788. Presley Thornton.

FEARNOUGHT, [Imp'd} br. bay, fifteen hands three inches high got by

Regulus, (who was by the Godolphin Arabian) dam Silver Tail oy

Heneague's Whitenose, her dam by Rattler, &c.

Died 1 776, aged 21 years. J. Baylor.

DRANDRIGES, [by Imp'd] Fearnought, dam .

_ BATH & MACKLIN'S, [by Imp'd] Fearnought, dam an imp'd

mare, bought of the widow of Col. Mail near Norfolk, &c.

VVicksford, Va. 1777. Edwards.

FEATHER, ch. f. by Rattler, dam Marianna.

Fred. Cy. Va. 1827. B. F. Whiting.

FEDERALIST, by Lath, dam by Old Fearnought out of Col. Tasker's Se-

lima, raised by J. Tayloe.

J. Pryor.
FENELLA, by Silver Heels, dam Black Merino by Vintzun — Comet — Don

Carlos— Old Figure, &c.

EasVon, Maryland. G. S. Winder.
ch, m. by Smith's Alfred, dam by Dungannon — Nimrod —

[Imp'd} Hamilton — Ball's Florizelle, &c.

u- Cornet (by Tayloe's Yorick,) dam by Don Carlos.

Mount Calvert, 1795. John Brown,

ch. f. by Stockholder, dam Rosetta by Wilke's Wonder.

FIDELITY, c. f. by Sir Charles, dam by Sir Alfred— Florizelle— Diomede,

Pensa. Edward Parker.

FIGURE, [Imp'd] b. h. by Grey Figure — Old Figure by an Arabian, his
dam the dam of Bowie's Cyrus, and got by Young Standout, his gr.
dam. Old Jason, Young Figure's dam was Marianna dam of Ralph
Gore's gr. mare.
1767. Dr. Hamilton.

[Imp'd] gr. h. by Standard, dam a Beaufort Arabian mare —

Lord Brooke's Arabian — Brimmer — Darley's Arabian, &c.
Foaled, 1747.

b. h. by Hamilton's [Imp'd] Figure, dam Brent's Ebony.

Mecklenberg, Va. 1777. P. Skepwith.

-YOUNG, (See Young Figure.)
-by Yorick, dam an Ebony m;

FINANCIER, by Tippoo Saib, (who was by Old Messenger) dam by Old

Messenger — Bashaw, &c.
FIREFLY, ch. f. by Reigo, dam Shepherdess by Phenomenon.

Richard Adams.
FIRETAIL, [Imp'd} b. by Phenomenon out of Columbine by Espusike's,

&c.

1801. Imp'd by Cain & Ray.

FIREBRAND, [Imp'd] ch. c. by Buzzard out of Fanny, own sister to King

Fergus the sire of Hamiltonian.
FIRST CONSUL, by Flag of Truce, dam [by Imp'd] Slender, g. dam imp'd

Dion by famous Eclipse.

Philadelphia, 1804-5. John P. Bond.

FIRST FRUITS, dk. br. c. by Randolph's Roanoake, dam Cameleon by

Virginian — Rosetta, Sac.
FITZPARTNER, by Old Partner, dam Brandon [by Imp'd] Aristotle.

Albemarle, Va. 1800. David Clarkson.

FLAGELLATOR, ch. h. by Sea Gull, dam Honesty [by Imp'd] Expedi-
tion, g. dam by Imp'd Messenger, &c. John Frost.

AMERICAN STUD BOOK. 343

FLAG OF TRUCE, (Goode's) byGoldfinder,damby Flimnap— Aristotle—
Fearnought, &c.
Prince George Cy. Col. Portress.

FLEETWOOD, b. c. by Washington, ciam by Sir Robin, (he by Robin Red-
breast,) g. dam by Dare Devil, &c.

FLIMNAP, [Irnp'd] b. h. fourteen and a half hands high, by South, darn
Cygnet mare, bred by Sir John Moore, g. dam by Ebony — Childers,
&c.
South Carolina, 1780. Foaled, 1765.

FLIRTILLA, b. m. by Sir Archy, dam by Robin Redbreast — Obscurity, &c.
Sussex Cy. Va. Win. Wynne.

[/mp'efj ch. m. by Virtumnus, O'Kelly's Flirtilla by Squirrel

— Helen by Blank — Crab — out of own sister to Old Partner. (Died
1798.)

J. Tayloe.

FLORIZELLE, [Imp'J] (Helen's) dap. bay sixteen hands high by the noted
Florizelle, out of a brown mare by Alfred, his g. dam Fairy Queen
by Young Cade, g. g. dam Black Eyes by Crab out of Warlock, Gal-
loway by Snake, &c. [Imp'd] 1794 by Helen for Ringgold & Co.

ch. s. [by Imp'd} Diomede, dam by Imp'd Shark — Harris'

Eclipse — Fearnought — Old Jolly Roger.

Broad Rock, Va. 1806. Wm. Ball.

c. by Grey Diomede, dam Louisa by Eclipse.

Foaled, 1795. J. Tayloe.

(GRAVES') by Old Florizelle, dam by Old Spread Eagle, gr.

dam by Boxer, g. g. dam by Eclipse — Fearnought, &c.

YOUNG. (See Young Florizelle.) John M. Burton.

-MARE, ch. by Ball's Florizelle, dam [by Imp^d] Cripple

Wonder— Old Bedford, &c.

J. Selden.
FLORIZELLA, br. f. [by Imp'd] Florizelle, dam Betsy Bell.

Foaled, 1802. Thos. M. Forman.
(or Grey Tail) by Ball's Florizelle, dam (Dr. Cutler's race

mare) by Wildair, g. dam by Apollo — Eclipse — Mark Anthony —

[Imp^d] Partner, &c.

y Florizelle, dam Black Eyed Susan by Potomac.

Georgia. Jos. Hester.

FLORA, by Roanoake, dam [Imp'd] Lady G.

, b. m. by Florizelle, dam Miss Dance by Roebuck, g. dam by

Independence, &c.

Alex. F. Rose,
ch m. by Ball's Florizelle, dam Iris.

J. Lewis.

-b. f. by Heath's Childers, dam Maggy Lauder.

Foaled, 1789. T. M. Forman.

-ch. by Am. Eagle, (by [Imp'd] Spread Eagle,) darn by Imp'd

Dare Devil, g. dam by True Whig — Regulus, &c.
FLOUNCE, g. f. by Buzzard, dam Portia.

Delaware, 1828. Thos. Massey.

FLORETTA, (Edelin's) [by Imp'd] Spread Eagle, dam by Hall's Unioiv-

Leonidas— Othello, &c.
FLORIDA, b. f. by Contention, dam by Francisco—Jack Andrews— Dare

Devil— Clock fast, &c.
by Old Rattler, dam Flora by Ball's Florizelle.

1K27. ' J. Lewis.

FLOTE, ch. c. by NeaPs Archy, (by Old Sir Archy,N dam Mary Grey.
30 * L. J. Gist.

344 AMERICAN STUD BOOK.

FLUVIA, by Partner, dam Fluvia by Celer.

FLYING DUTCHMAN, b. h. by John Richards, dam'by Ec.ipse, g. dam

by Tippoo Saib — [Imp'd] Royalist, &c.
FLYING CHILDERS, ch. h. by Sir Archy, dam (the dam of Sumpter,)

J. Tayloe.

h. by John Richards, dam by E(
ip'd] Royalist, &c.
i. by Sir Archy, dam (the dam
by Robin Redbreast.

Wynne.

FORLORN HOPE, gr. m. by Bellair, dam Fancy by Independence.

Henry Macklin.

FORTUNATUS, by Conway's Black and All Black, dam a full bred
daughter of Tavloe's Yorick.
Goochland Cy/Va. 1782.
FORTUNIO, b. c. by Cormorant, dam Broadnax by Old Janus, &c.

1798. J. Tayloe.

FORESTER, ch. h. by Sir Alfred out of a Hornet mare.

Sold Mr. Powder, Fred. Md. Rich. Craddock.

• [Imp'd] by Magog, dam by Forester. (Stood in Kentucky,

FOREST MAID, b. m. (See Maid of the Forest.)

FOSKARI, b. c. by Kosciusko; dam by Whip, gr. dam by Columbus, &c.

Kentucky. Ed. M. Blackburn.

FRANCISCO, [iy Imp'd\ Hambleton, dam Nightingale by Chanticleer-
Jolly Roger, &c.

John Minge.

FRANKLINA, b. m. by Sir Solomon, dam [by Imp'd] Expedition— Imp'd
Slender— Gen. Herd's Snap, &c.

C. Cruser.

FRANCES PUCKETT, b. by Arab, dam by Knowsly, g. dam by Sal-
tram, &c.

Thos. Doswell.

FREDERICA, by Escape, (Horn's,) dam a thorough bred mare, owned by
Messrs. Norwoods, Maryland.

Messrs. Tayloes.

FREDERICK THE GREAT, br. h. by Young Sir Harry, (who was out of
the full sister to-Defiance by Old [Imp'd] Sir Harry,) dam by Hamil-
ton ian — Cormorant, &c.

FREDERICKSBURG, dk. ch. by Old Gracchus, dam by Friendship— Old
Paragon — [Imp'd] Bedford, &c.

Jefferson Minor.
FRENZY, by Sans Culotte, dam Minikin.

J. Randolph.

FRIENDSHIP, sor. h. by Apollo, (he by Old Apollo,) darn a full bred
mare, &c.

1789. Chas. Bewail.

FROLIC, b. f. by Argus, dam Amazon by Dictator — Statira by Percy —
Homespun by Romulus, &c.

Rich. A. Rapley.

b. f. by Sir Charles' dam.

J. M. Selden.

FURJOSO, gr. c. by Dare Devil, dam Medley mare— Bolton— Fearnought,
&c.

Maupin.

FYLDE, [Imp'd] br. h. sixteen and a half hands high, by Antonio out of
Fadlidinida, she by Sir Peter Teazle, her dam Fanny out of Arn-
brosia by Woodpecker, he by Herod out of Miss Ramsden, she by
Old Cade, a son of Godolphin Arabian, &c.
Imo'd 1832. John A very.

AMERICAN STUD BOOK. 345

G.

GABRIEL, [Imp'd] b. h. got by Doremont, dam by Highflyer, g. dam by

Snap out of the dam of Chalkstone — Iris — Planet, &.C., she by

Shepherd's Crab, her dam Miss Meredith by Cade out of the little

Hartley mare. Foaled, 1790.

1799. John Tayloe.

GABRIELLA, ch. m. by Sir Archy, dam by Bellair.

1826. J. S. Garrison.
b. f. by Baronet, dam Temptation.

1799. Thos. M. Forman.

GALLENA, alias Madame Norflect, b. m. by Sir Archy, dam (a mare

[Imp'd] by Thos. B. Hill of Halifax, N. C.).by Oscar, g. darn Me-
lissa, &c.
GALLANT, b. h. by Fearnought, his dam Stately by Sober John out of an

[Imp'd] mare. Robert Taylor.

GALLATIN, (Expectation) by Bedford, dam Mambrina out of a sister of

Nailer's Sally, and sold to Col. Alston for $4000.

1798. J. Tayloe.

GAMESTER, b. c. by Spread Eagle, dam Sappho by Buckskin.

1803. Richard A. Rapley.

GANYMEDE, by Hephestion dam.

South Carolina. Richard Singleton.

GARRICK, by Celer, dam by Janus, g. dam the Partner mare, &c.

Granville, N. C. Chas. Eaton.

by Americus, dam [Imp'd] Kitty Fisher.

Benj. Hoskins.
GASTERIA, flmp'd] b. f. by Balloon, (he by Highflyer,) darn a Marske

mare — her dam Cremona by Regulus, &c.

1798.
GASCOIGNE, by Roanoake, dam Lady G.

1824. J. Randolph.

GATROMINA, ch. f. by Timoleon, dam Nili.
GAY, by Celer, dam by Old Partner, g. dam by Valiant, Col. Byr d's [Imp'd}

Tryall, &c.
GAYOSO, b. c. by Rinaldo, dam Orange.

1829. Thos. Massey.

GAZELLA, by Bussora, darn Hyacinth.
GEMIMA, by Bedford, dam [Imp'd] Rachel by Drone.

Wad« Hampton
GENESIS, b. c. by Sir Archy, dam Henrietta by Sir Hal.

Bait. 1827. Ph. Wallis.

GENTLE KITTY, by Young Post Boy, dam Gen. Ridgby's Dairy Maid

by Bedford.

by Archibald dam.

GEORGE ST. (See St. George.)

GEORGIANA, by Sir Archy, dam Gattellier's mare,

1826. Wm. Wynne.

ch. m. by Napoleon, dam Old Poll by Druid.

E. B. Hicks.
GESTION, by Spread Eagle, dam Calypso.

1802. J. Tayloe.

GIANNINI, bl. b. m. by Burwell's Post Boy— [Imp cfj tio;«e Chariot ou. o!

the Cumming's mare, &c.

Granville, N. C. 1809.
GIANT, b. h. by Sir Archy, dam Anderson's Twig, (by Old Twig,) g. d

by Commutation — Eaton's Garrick, &c.

346 AMERICAN STUD BOOK.

GIFT. (See America.)

GILES SCROGGINS, by Sir Archy, dam Lady Bedford.

N. Carolina, 1828. W. B. Moses.

GIMCRACK, ro. h. by Hart's [Imp'd] Medley, dam by Ariel, &c.

1788. Peter Randolph.

GIPSEY, ch. f. by Sterling, dam Hebe, by Dare Devil, g. dam by Old Med-
ley, &c.

Hoomes, Parish, & Co.
-b. m. [by Imp'd] Bedford, dam by Soldier, g. dam by Imp'd

Sea Gull, g. g. dam by King Herod, &c.
1814. Fairfield, Va.

Rich. Adams.
GLIDER, (2nd) b. c. by Glider, dam Temptation.

1802. Thos. M. Forman.

GODOLPHIN, [by Imp'd] Diomede, dam Sally Shark by Shark, g. dara
Betsy Prmgle.

Newmarket, Va. John Baylor.

-(Dr. Brown's) ch. h.by Godolphin, (by Diomede,) dam (Indian

or Black Herod, &c.
James Ware.

Hen) [by Imp'd] Shark, g. dam by Wormleys
Frederick Cy.

-b. h. [by Imp'd] Fearnought, dam Jenny Dismal.

Dinwiddie Cy. Va. 1777. Thos. Field,

-by Sprigg's Careless, dam by Selim,g. dam by Panton's Ara-

bian, &c.

-MARE, by Godolphin, (by Diomede,) dam by the Pennsylva-

nia Farmer, g. dam by Pegasus— Bolton, &c. Sent to Kentucky.

John Hoomes.
GOHANNA, br. b. h. by Sir Archy, dam Merino Ewe, by Jack Andrews,

&c.

1829. Half Sink, near Richmond. John M. Botts.

GOLD FINDER, by Old Fearnought, dam Kitty Fisher.
. ch. m. by Virginius, dam Miss Fortune, g. dam [Imp'd] An-

velina.
GOLIAH, ch. h. by American Eclipse, dam Lady of the Lake, &c.

1827. W. Livingston.

GOLDEN ROD, by Mousetrap, dam Nancy Bell— bred by Gen. Jones.
GEORGE'S JUNIPER. (See Juniper George's.) [Imp'd].
GOUTY, [Imp'd] b. h. five and a quarter feet high, by Sir Peter Teazle,

his dam the famous yellow mare by Tandem, g. dam Perdita, by

Herod, Fair Forester by Sloe — Forester — Partner — Croft's bay Barb

— Makeless — Brimmer, &c.

Foaled, 1796. Wm. Rives.

GRACE, b. f. by Roanoake, dam Wildfire.

1822. John Randolph.

GRACCHUS, ch. h. by Diomede, dam Cornelia by Chanticleer, &c.

1806. John Randolph.
MARE, by Gracchus — [Impjd] horse Dion — imp'd Highflyer —

Apollo, &c.

Halifax, Va. 1818. John Sims.

GRACE, b. m. by Ravens wood, dam Old Everlasting by Sans Cuiotte.

1822. J- Randolph.

GRAND DUTCHESS, ch. m. by Gracchus, dam [Imp'd] Dutchess.

J. Randolph.
GREENSVILLE, g. f. by Bedford, dam Arminda by Medley.

Sold J. Jones, 1803. J. Hoomes.

GRECIAN PRINCESS, b. m. by Virginian, her dam Calypso by Bellair, g

dam Irby's Dare Devil mare, &c.

1824. G. W. Jeffries.

AMERICAN STUD BOOK. 347

GREGORY, ch. by Gracchus, dam Red Eye, g. dam by Sarpedon, g. g.

dam by Traveller.
GRENADIER, b. h. by Wilkes (who was by Old Figure,) dam by behm —

Britania, &c.

Petersburg, 1 782. Thomas Eaton.

GREY MARE, by Slouch, [by Imp'd] Medley out of a full bred rnare.

N. B. The dam of the gr. m. was sold by W. A. Lee to Doctor Ir-
vine.
GREY ARCHY, by Old Sir Archy, dam by Grey Medley, (son of [Imp'd]

Medley,) g. dam by imp'd Messenger, &c.

Tennessee, 1810. B. Philips.

GREY DOLL, by Spot, (before he was castrated,) dam by Stirling (son of

Volunteer) Duetta by Silver Tail.

John RandoJph.
MEDLEY, (Barry's) by Old Medley, dam by Black and AH

Black, g. dam by Bay Bolton — Old Partner, &c.

N. Carolina. George Williams.

ALFRED, by Lindsay's Arabian, dam [by Imp'd] Tom Jones.
DiOMEDE, gr. h. [by Imp'd] Diomede, dam by Flag of Truce

Brimmer — Silver Eye, &c.
1808. - Barksdale.

-DIOMEDE, or ENTERPRISE, [by Imp'd] Medley, dam by Sloe, g

dam by Vampire, &c.

Sold to J. Tayloe, 1793. Richard Brooke.

BEARD, by Kosciusko, dam [Imp'd] Psyche.

R. Singleton.

BADGER, by Eden's [Imp'd] Badger, dam by imp'd Selim.

Benjamin Ogle.

• CHILDERS, by Medley, dam by Partner.

Thomas Eaton.

ORPHAN, by Orphan, (he by Ball's Florizelle,) dam by Imp'6

Diomede, dam of Grey Orphan, Mary Grey.

John Gist.

GREYHOUND, gr. [by Imp'd] Spread Eagle, dam Pandora by imp'd Med
ley, &c.

1806. H. T. Thornton.

GUNNILDA, [Imp'd] got by Star, by Regulus, by the Godolphin Arabian
GULNARE, gr. f. by Duroc, dam Sportmistress.

Queens Cy. N. Y. 1824. Thomas Pearsall.

H.

HACKABOUT, [Imp'd] got by Eclipse, dam by Cyphon and sister to Tan-
dem, g. dam sister to Apollo by Regulus — Snip, &c. Foaled 1794.
Imp'd 1798. John Hoomes.

HAIL STORM, b. h. [by Imp'd] Pantaloon, dam Wingyfeet by Jolly Ro-
ger, g. dam Melpomone by Bui-well's Traveller, &c.
Charles City, Itt02. Fr. H. Dancey.

HALF PONE, by Rattler, dam Maid of Patuxent by Magie, g. dam Kitty
Fox, by a son of imp'd Venetian. H. G. S. Key.

HALL'S UNION, (See Union Hall's.)

HAMBLETON, or HAMILTON, [Imp'd] br. b. sixteen hands high by Dun
gannon, his dam by Snap, gr. dam by Blank, Partner, Greyborodj
&c.
Foaled, 1791. Win. Lightfoot.

HAMILTONIAN, or HAMLINTONIAN, ch. h. by Diomede, dam by Shark, g.
dam by Spot by Apollo.
1801. J. Tayioe.

348 AMERICAN STUD BOOK.

HAMLET, b. c. by Maryland Eclipse, dam Forest Maid.

Laurenceviile, Va. 1830. R. K. Meade
sor. (ch.) h. by Hall's Eclipse, dam Shepherdess by Chatam,

&c.

J. H. Harrison.

HANOVER, by Bussora, dam by Sir Archy, &c.
HANNIBAL, by Sir William, dam Sally Currie.

1828. J. W. Jeffries.

HANNAH, b. m. by Moore's Archy, dam by Buchanan's Medley— OH

Celer — Hector, &c.
HANDEL, by Goode's Herod, (he by Diomede,) dam by Thornton's Wil-

dair — Bellair — Sy names' Wildair, &c.

H. D.
HAPHAZARD, by Collector, dam by Fearnought— Spadilla, &c.

1805. J. Tayloe.

HARDINIA BURNLEY, bl. m. by Old Roebuck, dam by Old Bedford—

Bellair, &c.

W. D. Taylor.
HARMONY, [by Imp'd} Figure, dam Stella, (the dam of Primrose and

Thistle) by imp'd Dove.

Hamilton.

b. m. by Cragg's Sweeper, dam [by Imp'd] Dove, g. dam Se-

Ihrm by Othello, &c.

1 784. W alter Bowie.

HARVEY BIRCH, by Richmond, dam by Sir Alfred.
HARLEQUIN, ch. h. by Gabriel, dam by Venetian— True Whig— Cub,

&c.
HARPER, by Grey Diomede, dam Polly Peachem.

1799. J. Tayloe.

HARRIET, b. f. by Bedford, dam Proserpine.

1804. J- Hoomes.

HARWOOD, by Archy, dam Asmoplede by Diomede.

A. J. Davie.
HAUTBOY, gr. c. by Gallatin, dam Sappho by Tartar.

1815.
HAYMAKER, dk. ch.- s. h. [by Imp'd} Clifden, dam Harlot by Hall's

Eclipse, &c.

Albany, 1829. C. M. Bennett.

N. B. This horse was bred by Col. Lyles of Maryland.
HAVOC, c. c. by Sir Charles, dam by Alfred.

Corbin.

HAZARD, ch. c. by Timoleon, dam [by Imp'd] Royalist, g. dam by Dio-
mede, &c.

Tennessee, 1829. John Swinney.

HEDGFORD, [Imp'd] br. by Filh» da Puta, dam Miss Cragie by Orville,

g. dam by Lurcher — Phenomenon, &c. Fiiho da Puta by Haphaz-
ard— Ws> xey — Woodpecker — Squirrel, &c.

Foalea, 1826. Imp'd 1832. W7m. Jackson.

HEATH'S CHILDERS, (See Childers Heath's.)
HEBE, b. f. by Florizelle, dam Tartar mare, <fcc.

1794. Dandy Griggs.
b. f. by Dare Devil, dam Yarico by Medley.

1796. J. Hoomes.

HELEN, b. m. [by Imp'd] Medley, dam Diana by Specimen.

J. Foster.
HEART-WELL, b. m. by Sir Archy, dam by Planter, (which was raisea

by Collier Harrison of Va. sired by Pantaloon,) g. dam by Sultan-
Sweeper, &c. H. & H. S. Wilkinson.

AMERICAN STUD BOOK. 340

HENRY, ch. h. by Sir Archy, dam out of Bellona by Bellair.

II. a ch. h. by Henry, dam (the dam of Sir Lovell) [by Imp'd]

Light Infantry — Imp'd Messenger, &c.

Cambridge, N. Y. Edw. Long.

HENRIETTA, bx. m. by Sir Hal, dam Lady Burton.

1822. J. W. Eppes.
b. f. by Henry, dam Agnes.

Bait. 1827. Philip Wallis.
gr. m. by Sir Archy, dam Forlorn Hope.

ry
HEPHESTION, red s. h. by Buzzard, dam Castianira. (Sold for $1400.)

1809. J. Tayloe.

HEROD, [Imp'd] gr. h. by Young Herod, son of Old Herod out of Lord

Cle-rmont's Stud, a daughter of Conductor.

1790. J. Hoomes.

H1AZIM, ch. c. by Sir Archy, dam Jenny by Archduke.
HICKORY, ch. h. by Gracchus, dam Everlasting.

John Randolph.
br. h. {jay Imp'd] Whip, dam Dido by imp'd Dare Devil, g.

dam by Symmes' Wildair, &,c.

B. Badger.
HIGHFLYER, [Imp'd] br. by Tattersall's Highflyer, his dam by Cyphon

out of Young Cade's sister — Old Cade — Partner — Makeless — Brim-
mer, &c.

Foaled, 1784. (South River.) J. Craggs.
br. b. h. by Wildair, dam by Yorick, g. dam by Fitzhugh's

Regulus, &c.

Albemarle Cy. Va. 1802. David Clarkson.

-ch. c. by Marplot, dam Brilliant mare.

1795. S.Carolina. William Alston.

-[by Imp'd} Sir Harry, dam imp'd Pamona.

Hanover, Ya. 1815. Daniel Wade, Jun.

HIGHFLYER MARE, [by Imp'd} Highflyer— Apollo— Imp'd Jolly Ro-
ger, &c.
1790. Halifax, Va. John Sims.

HIGHLANDER, [Imp'd] gr. by Bordeaux, his dam (Teetotum) by Match-
em, g. dam Lady Bolingbroke by Squirrel, — g. g. dam Cypron, the
dam of King Herod, &c. bred by Mr. Douglass in England.
Foaled, 1783.

b. by Shark, dam Young Selima by Fearnought.

1796. Richard Brooke.

HIPPONA, b. m. by Virginian, dam by Rockingham, (by Florizelle,) g
dam by Magog by Chanticleer.
S. Carolina. P. M. Butler.

b. f. Uy Roanoake, dam Grand Dutchess.

1822. J. Randolph.

HIPPONA, [Imp'd] b. f. by Sir Peter, dam by Woodpecker, g. dam by
Sweetbrier out of Buzzard, dam by Dux, &c.
Foaled, 1802. Gen. McPherson.

HOMESPUN, by Romulus, dam Venus by Hero, g. dam Tripsey by Fear-
nought.

HONEST JOHN, [Imp'd] br. b. by Sir Peter Teazle, dam by Magiret— Le
Sang — Rib — Mother Western by (Smith's) Son of Snake, &c. Imp'd
1794.
Milton, New Jersey, 1806.

by Old Messenger, dam Maria Slamerkm.

350 AMERICAN STUD BOOK.

HONEST JOHN, by Tuckahoe, dam Chehoangti [by Imp'd] Arab.

Bordentown, N. J. 1826. James Davidson.

HONESTY, [by Imp'd] Expedition, dam by imp'd Messenger, g. dam by
imp'd Bay Richmond, &c.

J. H. Vanmeter.

HONEY COMB, [by Imp'd] Jack Andrews, dam Pill Box by Pantaloon.

Dr. A. T. Dixon.
HOPE, [Imp'd] by Volunteer, imp'd by Dr. Tate of Philadelphia.

YOUNG, by Diomede, dam Arakookress.

-[by Imp'd] Shark, dam by imp'd Fearnought, g. dam b

Monkey, &c.

HOPPER BOY, g. [by Imp'd] Messenger, dam the imp'd PotSos mare, &c.
HORN'S, [Imp'd] (See Escape.)
HORNET, by Diomede, dam Cade's Primrose by Dove, Cade, &c.

gr. c. by Bellair, dam by Celer, g. dam by Janus, &c.

HOTSPUR, by Timoleon, dam by Sir Archy, g. dam by Old Wildair.

Christians.

HUNTRESS, ch. m. by Cherokee, dam [by Imp'd] Buzzard, &c.

Kentucky.
HUGO, ch. c. by Sir Charles, dam [by Imp'd] Chance, g. dam Celia by

Symmes' Wildair — Lady Bolingbroke, &c.

Richard Adams.
HURRY'EM, [by Imp'd] Precipitate, dam Dixon's Pill Box.

Messrs. Minges.
HYDER ALLY, dap. gr. by Lindsay's Arabian, dam by Othello — g. dam

(an imp'd rnare from the Duke of Hamilton's stud) by Spot.

Foaled, 1782. Dr. Marshall.

HYENA, or. m. by Young Wonder, (full brother of Nell Saunders) out of

Rosy Clack, &c. " 1820.

HYPERION, by Diomede, dam Patsy Walthall by Medley, &c.

I.

1DIORA, b. m. [by Imp'd] Citizen, dam by imp'd Sea Gull, gr. dam by
Huntsman — Old Janus, &c.

Foaled, 1810. Charles Shields.

INAUGURAL, b. c. by Arab, dam Jenny by Archduke.

1829. J. C. Goode.

INDEPENDENCE, [by Imp'd] Fearnought, dam Dolly Fine, by Old
Silver Eye, &c.

Col. Hickman.

ch. f. by Pacolet, dam Fancy.

Tennessee. J. Sumner.

by Old Potomac— [Imp'd] St. Paul— Imp'd Old Diomede—

Mead's Old Pilgrim, &c.

INDUSTRY, br. b. by Sir Archy' dam

— Dixon.

INDIAN QUEEN by Pilgrim dam, dam of Belleville, and g. dam of Sir
William.

W. Wilkins.

fNDIAN HEN, by Othello, dam by Lloyd's Traveller, g. dam by Figure,
g. g. dam was imp'd by Mr. Crow of Philadelphia, and was full
sister to Irish Grey, &c.

Daffin.

INDIANA, br. m. by Florizelle, dam by Thornton's Medley, g. dam by
Craeg's Highflyer — Hall Union, &c.

Messrs. Tayloe.

AMERICAN STUD BOOK. 351

INVALID, [Imp'd] by Whisker, dam Hamiltonian, g. dam Susan out of
Drowsy by Drone, &c.

Craig & Corbin

IRIS, ch. f. by Marplot, dam Nancy Dawson, &c.
1795.

by Punch, dam Beane's Maria.

gr f. by Sir Archy dam.

Wynne.

gr. f. [by Imp^d] Sterling, dam by Imp'd Coeur de Lion, g.

darn Mead's Oracle.

Loudon, Va. 1830. J. Lewis.

-ch. f. by Sir William, dam Shepherdess.

1828. Rich. Adams.

-by Young Baronet, dam by Post Boy (of Kentucky,) out of a

Snap mare, &c.

Rich. Higgins.

IRVINA, by Virginian, dam Pandora by Bellair, &,c.
ISABELLA, [Imp^d] dk. br. f. by Trumpeter, dam Demirip, sister to No-
ble, &c.
1802. Gen. John McPherson.

b. m. by Sir Archy, dam Black Ghost [by lmp'd\ Oscar.

b. f. by Roanoake, dam Mexican.

1825. J. Randolph,

-b. f. by Arab, dam Lady Bedford.

1827. J. W. Jeffries.

IVANHOE, b. c. by Virginian, dam Jenny by Archduke.

1824. J. C. Goode.

JACK ANDREWS, [Imp'd] b. h. fifteen and a half hands high, by Joe An-
drews, (son of Eclipse,) his dam by Highflyer — Cardinal Puff— Tat-
tler— Snip— Godolphin Arabian, &c. Foaled, 1794.

Charles City Cy. Va. Win. Lightfoot.

JACK THE BACHELOR, [Imp'd] by Blaze, dam by Gallant— Smiling

Tom, &c.

Foaled, 1753.
JACK FROST, b. c. by Ranger, dam Betsy Bell.

Rose Hill, 1799. Thos. M. Forman.

JACK BULL, by Gabriel, dam Active by Chatam.
JAMES FITZJAMES, b. c. by Tariff, dam Norna, g. dam Lady Talraan,

(the darn Kate Kearney and Sussex.)

Wm. D. Taylor.

by Sir Archy dam.

Potter.

JANE, b. m. [by Imp'd] Knowsley, dam ch. m. Selima.

Albemarle, Va. Walter Coles.

JANE SHORE, b. m. by Sir Archy, dam Fair Rosamond.

1827. Henry Macklin.

JANETTE, [Imp'd] by Mercury, dam by Highflyer, g. d. by Snip— Regu-

lus, &c. Foaled, 1791.

Imp'd 1798. J. Hoomes.
b. f. by Sir Archy, dam [by Imp'd] Citizen — Commutation,

&c.

Johnson.

JANE ALFRED, b. m. by Sir Alfred, dam by Florizelle, g. dam by Old

Bedford — Lamplighter, &c.

Wm. D. Taylor.
GREY, b. m. by Orphan Boy, dam by Oscar— [/m/>'d] Expe«

dition, &c-
31

352 AMERICAN STUD BOOK.

JANE GREY, gr. 1. by Old Slouch, dam Nancy Dawson.
LOWNDF.S, [by Imp'd] Driver, dam Modesty, g. d. Madge by

HalPs Union.
JANUS, [Imp'd] bl. h. fifteen hands one inch high, by Old Stirling — Old

Crab— Monkey— Basto, &c.

Foaled, 1754. Win. Hynes'.
[Imp'd} ch. by Janus, dam by Fox — Bald Galloway, &e.

Died 1 779-80, aged 34:

Gloucester Cy. Va. Mordecai Booth,

•ch. h. by Sir Archy, dam Frenzy by Sans Culotte.

YOUNG, b. (See Young Janus.)

J. Randolph,
b. c. by Spread Eagle, dam Broadnax.

1802. Rich. Hoomes.

-MARE, ch. by Old ch. Janus, [Imp'd] dam by Dapple John out

of a full sister to Harlot by Janus.
"JEFF, br. c. by Stockholder, dam Maria Hill by Oscar.

Nimrod Porter.
JEFFERSON, br. h. by Virginian, dam Old Favourite by Bellair, &c.

1825. J. J. Harrison.

JENNY, by Archduke, dam [by Imp'd] Stirling, g. dam by Imp'd Obscuri-
ty out of Miss Slamerkin.
JENNY CAMERON, by Lloyd's Traveller, clam Kitty Fisher.

1785. Wm. Scott.

[Imp'd] was got by Cuddy, a son of Old Fox, by Miss Beli-

voir.

John Tayloe.
-DISMAL, [Imp'd] by Old Dismal, he by the Godolphro Ara-

bian— her dam by Lord Godolphir.'s Whitefoot, &c.

Col. Baylor.
-DEANS, ch. m. by Gracchus, dam Cornelia.

1815. J. Randolph.
DEANS, br. b. by Virginian, dam by Bainbridge, g. dam by

Jolly Air, g. g dam by Why Not, &c.

Wilmington, N. C. WT. B. Meats.
DUTKR, by True Briton, dam Quaker Lass by Juniper, g. d.

'</] Molly Pacolet, &,c.

ILAND, b. m. by Dotiblehead, (he [by Imp'd] Diomede,) out
of Polly Medley— Mark Anthony, &c.

WINDFLOWER, ch. m. by Bernadotte, dam Kate Cole.

-CocKRAcv, ch. in. by Potomac, dam [by Imp'd] Saltram —

Imp'd Wildair — Driver — Fearnought, &,c.

1814. Kentucky. E. Warfield.

JERRY, dap. gr. by Pacolet, dam by Topgallant, g. dam by Grey Medley,

«fcc. Col. Elliott.

JESSICA, b. m. by Shylock, dam [by Imp'd] Young Sir Peter Teazle, g.

dam Castianira, (dam of Sir Archy.)

Rich. Adams.
JEZEBEL, ch. f. by Bedford, dam Miss Chance, &c.

Messrs. Tayloes.
JESSAMINE, bx. f. by Dockon, dam Virginia, (Coquette.)

1324. J. Ferguson.

JET, bl. f. by Bluster, dam Statira.

1820. J. Randolph,

JEWESS, b. f. by Roanoake, dam Jessie**.
J IM CRACK. (See Gim Crack.)

AMERICAN STUD BOOK 353

JILT, gr. f. by Ajax, dam Nancy Dawson. 1791.

JIM CARR, br. f. by Forester, dam Forest Maid.

1831. Rich. I. Meade.

JOAN, b. f. by Roanoake, dam Grey Doll. s

J. Randolph.

JOHN BROWN, ch. by Sir Charles, dam Sally Brown.
JOLLY FRIAR, by Garrick, dam descended from Gilmour's Milk Maid,

&c.

JOHN BULL, [Imp'd] ch. by Fortitude, dam Xantippeby Eclipse, g. dam
Grecian Princess by Forester, &c.

b. m. by Gabriel, dam Active by Chatam, &c.

» N. B. — She was called John Bull by Gov. Wright, from his having

exchanged a bull for her with Col. Lyles of Md.
JOHN DISMAL, ch. by Sober John, dam Jenny Dismal.

RICHARDS, b. k. by Sir Archy, dam by Rattler, (by Shark,) g.

dam [by Imp'd] Medley — Wildair — Nonpareil, &c.

-HANCOCK, b. c. by Roanoake, dam Roanoka by Florizelle.

1823. John Randolph.

-STANLEY, b. h. by Sir Hal, dam Ariadne [by Imp'd] Citizen,

fcc. Foaled, 1813.

Pennsylvania. Edvv. Parker

OF ROANOAKE, b. h. by Roanoake, dam Grand Dutchess.

RANDOLPH, b. c. by Rinaldo, dam Portia, &c. 1300.

•W, b. c. by Roanoake, dam Young Frenzy.

1825. J. Randolph.

JOLLY AIR, by Old Wildair, dam [by Imjj'd] Flimnap — Brimmer — Imp'd
Valiant, &c.

J. J. Harrison.

JOLLY ROGER, [Imp'd] ch. called in England Roger of the Vale, got by
Roundhead, (who was by Flying Childers,) the dam of Jolly Ro-
ger got by Partner, his gr. dam by Woodcock — Croft's Bay Barb —
Makeless, &c.
Foaled, 1741. Imp'd about 1743.

[Imp'd] b. c. by the Gower Stallion, Miss Harvey by Car-
touch — Sophia by Godolphin Arabian.
1769.

• by Jolly Roger, dam by Dabster, g. dam Mary Grey.

Prince Geo. County, Va. 1777. Edm. Ruffin, Jun.

JONAH, [Imp'd] b. h. by Escape, dam Lavinia by Herod — Snap — Cade-
Bloody Buttocks — Partner — Makeless, &c.
1796. Bush.

JOSEPHINE, b. m. by Peace Maker, dam a full bred Diomede mare, &c.

J. Lewis.

by Flying Dragon, dam by Hamiltonian — St. George — King

Herod— Old'Yorick, &,c.

ch. by Bussora, dam by Snr Harry, g- dam by Obscurity, &c.

Wvn. D. Taylor.

JOSEPH US, ch. c. by Rob Roy, dam Flora by Ball's Florizelle.

London, Va. J. Lewis.

JUBA, b. h. by Chailemaigne, dam a full bred Fearnought mare.

1798. Thos. Hunt. "

JUBILEE, by Independence, by Quicksilver, [by Imp'd} Medley, &c.

JULIA, gr. m. by Spread Eagle, dam Calypso.

1804. J. Tayloe.

JULIET, ch. by Muttnomer, (he by Tom Tough,) dam. [by Imp'd} Old
Bedford, g. dam by Bellair out of King's Kitty Fisher.

W. D. Taylor.

354 AMERICAN STUD BOOK

JUNIPER, (George's) [Imp'd] b. h. fifteen hands one inch high, by Babra-

ham, (who was by Godolphin Arabian,) dam Aurora by Stamford

Turk, &c.

Charles City Cy. Va. 1762, Robert Harrison.
LITTLE, [by Imp'd] Juniper, dam Tasker's Seliina.

Hanover, Va. 1777.
JUNIUS, by (Craig's) Yorick, dam by Othello, g. dam by Monkey, out of

a Spanish mare Imp'd by Mr. N. Harrison.

Prince Edward Cy. Va. 1777. Edw. Watts.

JUNO, gr. f. by Grey Archy, dam Fancy by Wilkes' Wonder, «fcc.

Tennessee, 1823. D. W. Sumner.

J UPITER, b. h. by the noted Janus, bred by Capt. James Bell of Sussex,

remarkable for swiftness, &c.

1775. J. Mason.
b. c. by Florizelle, dam Circe.

1794.
JUSTICE, [Imp'd] ch. h. fifteen hands high, got by Regulus out of theBol-

ton Sweepstakes, &c.

Prince George Cy. 1761.

K.

KATE, by Sir Alfred, dam Hurry'em.

J. & W. H. Minge.

KATYDID, [by Imp'd] Expedition, dam Imp'd Sourkrout, g. dam Match-
less by Gen. While's Imp'd Slender.
KATE COLE, c. m. by Badger's Hickory, dam by Bucephalus — Celer —

Fearnought, &c.

Pennsylvania, 1811. C. Irvine.
KEARNEY, b. f. by Sir Archy, dam Lady Talman by Sir Harry, &c.

1826. Col. Wynne.

KILL DEVIL, (late Ajax,) b. h. by Dare Devil, dam Atalanta by Old

Medley.

J. Tayloe.
KING HEROD, (Wormley's) b. h. by Baylor's Fearnought, dam [by Imp'd]

Othello out of Imp'd Kitty Fisher.

Jersey, 1777. Herbert Haynes.

AGRIPPA, b. c. by Old Sir Archy, dam T. K.

HIRAM, [Imp'd] was by Clay Hall, dam the Prince of Wales, Rock-

inghain, g. dam Yorico by Eclipse, g. g. dam Fidget by Spectator,

&c.

Prince Geo. Maryland, 1817.
KITTY, b. m. [by Imp' d] Whip, dam Queen of May.

Georgia. Chas. A. Rudd.

KITTY FISHER, [Imp'd] gr. m. by Cade, dam by the Cullen Arabian out

of the famous mare Bald Charlotte.

1759. Carter Braxton.
by Lindsay's Arabian, dam [by Imp'd] Oscar, Imp'd Vam-
pire out of Imp'd Kitty Fisher, &c.
[by Imp'd] Oscar, dam by Imp'd Vampire out of Imp'd Kitty

Fisher, &c.

1789. John Thorntor.

[by Imp'd] Alderman, dam Hoskins' Kilty Fisher.

— (Hoskins') by Symmes' Wildair, dam [by Imp'd] Vampire, g.

dam Imp'd Kitty Fisher.

• by Virginia Cade, dam by Baylor's Fearnought.

Geo. Martin.

AMERICAN STUD BOOK. 355

KITTY FISHER, b. by Tiller's Bedford, (by Old Bedford,) dam by Old
Bedford — Boxer — Claudius — Mexican, &c.

W. D. Taylor.

KITTY CLOVER, b. m. by Tom Tough, dam by Archduke— Sterling-
King Herod, &c.

Enoch Mason.

CLOVER, bl. m. by American Eclipse, dam [by Imp'd] Light Infan-
try, (she is half sister to Sir Lovell.)
New-York, 1825. M. Beach.

CLOVER, by Eclipse, dam Lady Bedford.

N. C. J. W. Jeffries.

CLOVER, ch. m. by Turk, (he by Expedition,) dam by Oscar.

Wright.

MEDLET, gr. m. [by Imp'd] Medley, damHoskin's Kitty Fisher, &c

John Hoskins.

BULL, [Imp'd] by John Bull, dam Lord Grosvenor's Isabella by

Eclipse.

KITTY FOX, by Fox, (a son of [Imp'd] Venetian,) dam by McCarthy's
Cub, (fee.

RUSSELL, b. m. by Sir Peter (Hoskins',) dam [by Imp'd] Bed-
ford, &c.
King William Cy. Va. Thomas Carter.

KNOWSLEY, [Imp'd] b. h. by Sir Peter Teazle, dam Capilla by Herod—
Regulus — Crab — Snake, &c.
Foaled, 1796. Chas. City Cy. Va. 1802. Wm. Lightfoot.

KOULI KAHN, [Imp'd] b. h. by the Vernon Arabian, his darn Rosemary
by Blossom, her dam by Ancaster Starling out of Look at me Lads,
ilei"

by Grasshopper. Foaled, 1772.

N. B. The above pedigree is furnished by Mr. Peter of Georget
[Imp'd] b. h. Pearson's Partner, dam by Lord Lon

— [Imp'd] b
li Kahn — Jif

Lonsdale's

Kouli Kahn — Jigg — Curwin's bay Barb — Curwin's Spot, &c.
Imp'd in 1764-5 by Col. Baylor.

N. B. The above pedigree given by Mr. R. N. Edgar.

b. h. by Lloyd's Traveller, dam Tasker's Fatima.

Foaled, 1777.
KOSCIUSKO, by Sir Archy, dam Lottery by [Imp'd] Bedford.

Ii.

LADY ADAMS, ch. f. by Whipster, dam by Buzzard.

J. Atchison.

ARCHIANA, gr. f. by Sir Archy, dam Pandora by Wryht's Silver

Heels.

AMELIA, ch. m. [by Imp'd] Magic, dam by Republican President,

g. dam by imp'd Figure, &c.

Isaac Duckett.

ALFRED, b. m. by Old Sir Alfred, dam [by Imp'd] Wonder, Thun-
derclap, full brother to Old Chanticleer by Wildair.

H. Campbell.

AUDLEY, by Tariff, dam Ethiopia by Tayloe's Bedford.

Wm. D. Taylor.

BOLINGBROKE, by Pantaloon clam, dam of King Herod, g. dam

Primrose by Dove, (a Son of Cade.)

Col. Seldcn.

BULL, [Imp'd] by John Bull, dam by Pumpkin— FJeacatcher— Squ ir-

re-1, &c.

Foaled, 1796. John Hoomes.

31*

356 AMERICAN STUD BOOR

LADY BUG, b. by YoungFlorizelle, dam by Jack Andrews — Driver — High

flyer, &c.

Wm. D. Taylor.
-, BURTON, by Sir Archy, dam Sultana : she was out of the mare got by

the horse sent as a present by the Bey of Tunis to Thos. Jefferson.

1813. J. W. Eppes.
BEDFORD, [by Imp'd] Bedford, dam by imp'd Dare Devil — Mercury

—Apollo— Jolly Roger. (See also Bedford mare) foaled, 1810.

J. W. Jeffries.

BUNBI;RY, [Imp'd] b. m. by Trumpeter, dam Theopha, (sister to Old

Tut) by Highflyer — Plaything by Matchem — Vixen by Regulus, &c.
- Foaled, 1802. J. Randolph.
BURLEIGH, by Silver Heels, dam (Sterne's Maria) by Major Gibbs'

Carlo, (by imp'd Carlo,) g. dam by Ridgley's Cinciimatus, &c.

Richard Craddocks.

CHESTERFIELD, by Old Diomede, dam Lady Bolingbroke.

Col. Selden.

CULPEPPER, ch. m. by Carolinian, dam full sister of Defiance and Re-
venge, &c.

Md. H. G. S. Key.

DUDLEY, by First Consul, dam Edelin's Floretta.

Dudley Digges.

EAGLE, gr. m. [by Imp'd] Eagle, dam Spot by Bedford.

Albemarle, 1817. Walter Coles.
ESSEX, ch. f. by Grey Diomede, dam Virginia Sorrel.

1797. J. Tayloe.

FLIRT, ch. m. by Hickory, dam by Duroc.

Isaac Snedeker.

FIELD, b. m. by Sir Archy, dam by Diomede.

1830. J. J. Harrison.

— G. [Imp'1 if] (Magician's dam,) bred by Sir Thos. Gascoigne, got by

Hambletonian, Golden Locks by Delphine, Violet by Shark, Quick's

Charlotte by Blank, Crab, &c.

Roanoake, 1804. John Randolph.
GREY, [Imp'd] by Gohanna, dam by Grey Skin — Woodpecker — He-
rod— Young Hag by Skim, &c.

Foaled, 1803.

• GRAY, by Robin Gray, dam by Melzar — g. dam [by Imp'd] Highfly-
er— Fearnought, &c.

JANE GRAY, b. f. by Kosciusko, dam by Big Ben.

GREENSVILLE, by Conqueror, dam by Ban's Diomede.

GRANVILLE, b.'m. by Roanoake, dam [by Imp'd] Bryan O'Lynn —

True Blue— Celer— Old Partner, &c.

Oxford, N. C. 1827.' Wm. M. Sneed.
HAL, by Sir Hal, dam Beauty by Diomede.

Maryland. James Sewoll.
HARRISON, [by Imp'd] Spread Eagle, dam by imp'd Herod, g. dam

by Wildair — imp'd King Herod, &c.

-HAMILTONIAN, by Sir Arthur, (he by Sir Archy,) dam Bet Bounce.

JANE, [by Imp'd] Obscurity, dam Molly by Grey Figure out of the

Old Slamerkin mare.
JANE, by Potomac, dam Anvelina.

N. Carolina, 1811. J. B. Richardson.
JANE, b. f. by Shylock, dam Dutchess by Bedford.

1826. Mark Alexander.

~ JACKSON, ch. m. by American Eclipse, dam Lady of the Lake.

-———JACK BULL, f by Imp'd] Gabriel, dam Active by Chatam.

AMERICAN STUD BOOK. 857

LADY LA GRANGE, ch. f. by Sir Archy, dam [by Imp'd] Dragon, g. dam

by imp'd Medley — Mark Anthowy, <fc,c.

Laurenceville, Va. R. K. Meade.
LIGHTFOOT, (Jlfaria,) dk. br. m. by Sir Archy, dam Black Maria by

Shark, &c.

Foaled, 1812. J. T.
OF THE LAKE, b. m. by Kosciusko, dam by Bedford — g. dam Mellis-

sant by Arion — Obscurity — Valiant, &c.

S. Carolina. Foaled, 1814. B. F. Taylor.
OF THE LAKE, b. m. [by Imp'd] Sir Harry, dam by imp'd Diomede—

imp' a St. George — imp'd Fearnought, &c.

OF THE LAKE, by Hickory, dam Maid of the Oaks.

LF.GGS, [by Imp'd] Centinel, dam by Spadille.

MAR, gr. m. by a thorough bred son of Badger's Hickory, dam by

Mark Anthony — imp'd Dove — imp'd Lath, &,c.

1818. C. Irvine.

MARY, gr. f. by Henry, clam Miller's Maid.

C.W. VanRanst.

MARY, by Bussora, dam Black Maria by Am. Eclipse.

OF THE NECK, gr. m. [by Imp'd] Merryfield, dam by imp'd Wonder—

Bellair— Old Medley, &c.

Thomas Doswell.
NORTHUMBERLAND, [Imp'd] by Northumberland, dam by Shakspeare

— Regulus — Parker's Snip— Old Partner, &c.

John Tayloe.
RICHMOND, b. f. by Ball's Florizelle, dam by Diomede, g. dam Al

dennan mare, &c.

J. Wickham.

ROLAKD, b. by Tariff, dam by Florizelle — Bedford, &c.

T. Doswell.

• RACKET, by Sir Charles, dam by Ball's Florizelle, g. dam by Melzar.

RELIEF, ch. f. by Am. Eclipse, dam Maria Slamerkin.

N. J. 1827. Dr. E. A. Darcy.

. RANDOLPH, by Sir Archy, dam [by Imp'd] Druid — Symmes' Wil-

dair — Americus, &c.
STERLING, b. m. by Herod, dam [by Imp'd] Sterling, g. dam by King

Herod — Lindsay's Ranger, &c.

Wm. D. Taylor

SUMNER, b. f. by Shawnee, dam by Sir Archy.

Wm. M. West.

TALMAN, by Sir Harry, dam by Bedford.

J. A. Selden.
TONSON, by (Elliott's) Topgallant, (he by Gallatin,) dam by Barry'i

Medley, (by Old Medley,) g. d. Dr. Rany's mare.

WILLIS, by Janus, dam by Jolly Roger, g. dam [by Imp'd] Shark.

LABURNUM, by Lath, dam by Jolly Roger, g. dam imp'd by Carte

Braxton.
LAFAYETTE, b. h. by Conqueror, dam Julia, g. dam by Florizelle— Bel

lair — Pegasus, &c.

Tennessee. H. Davis.

• b. c. by Virginian, dam by Sir Archy, g. dam oy Sir Harry-

Chanticleer — Mead's Old Celer, &c.

J..M. Botts.

— — ch. c. by Kosciusko, dam Virginia, (Coquette.)

J. Ferguson.
LAHARA, dap. gr. by Thornton's Rattler, dam by Winter's Arabian, g.

dam Alexandria by Alexander, &c. C. Andrews,

358 AMERICAN STUD BOOK,

LALLA ROOKH, by Handel, dam Phillis by Old Topgallant.

Gen. Chicester.
LAMBALLE, ch. f. by Kosciusko, clam Psyche by Sir Peter Teazle, &c.

South Carolina. Richard Singleton.

LAMPLIGHTER, b. h. by Hart's [Imp'd] Medley, dam by Lonsriale out

of Kitty Fisher, &c.

Hanover Court House, 1801. Paul Thilman.

LANCE, b. h. full brother to Erie! by Am. Eclipse.
LASS OF THE MILL, gr. f. by Spread Eagle, dam Araminda.

J. Hooines.
LAST CHANCE, ch. f. by Sir Archy, dam Lady Bunbury.

1325. J. Randolph.

LATH, [Imp'd'] b. fifteen hands one inch high ; foaled in 1763 ; Imp'd m

1768, was got by Shepherd's Crab, clam by Old Lath, g. dam by Fly-
ing Childers — Makeless — Taffolet Barb, &c. .

Delancey.

LAUREL, b. h. by Old Fearnought, dam by the same, g. dam a fine blood-
ed mare, &c.

1777. Geo. Baylor.

LAURA, gr. f. by Grey Diomede, dam Polly Peachem.

1798. J. Tayloe.

LAVENDER GIRL, b. f by Henry, dam Ophelia by Little Medley, &c.

1832.
LAVIN1A, by Diomede, dam Lady Bolingbroke.

Col. Selden.

LAWRENCE, br. by Sir Archy, dam [by Imp'd] Sir Harry— Chanticleer-
Mead's Celer — Lee's Mark Anthony, &c.
LAZARUS, by Eclipse, dam an Imp'd mare, he stood many years at Mount

Gallant and left some valuable stock.
LEE BOO, br. b. by Cragg's Highflyer, dam Captain James Belts' mare,

she was of pure blood.

Maryland, 1803. Osborn Spriggs.

LEONIDAS, b. by Sir Archy, dam Vixen [by Imp'd] Jack Andrews raised

by J. G. Green, and sold to J. M. Bolts.

• b. c. by Virginian.

by Lloyd's Traveller, dam by Morton's Traveller, out of

Tasker's Selima, &c.

Foaled, 1773, J. P. Custis.

LEOCADIA, br. ch. rn. by Virginius, dam Lady Jane by Potomac, g. dam

[Imp'd] Anvelina.
LEOPOLD, ch. h. by Ogle's Oscar, dam Katydid [by Imp'd] Expedition.

Frost.

LEATHER STOCKINGS, ch. h. by Rob Roy, dam Cora by Brown's

Godolphin.

George'Vsvn, D. C. 1827. Peter.

LETITIA, b. m. by Whip, dam by Buzzard, g. dam by Grey Diomede,

&c.

Woodfd. Cy. Kentucky. E. M. B.

. by Truxton, dam by Elegant, (he [by Imp'd] Fearnought,) g

clam by Bellair — Wildair, &c.

Calls Tennessee- A. B. Shelby.

LP'VIATHAN, [Imp'd] (first called Mazer-con,} ch. got by Muley out of a

Wiridle mare, g. dam by Anvil out of Virago by Snap — Muley by

Orville, and he by Benningbrough, and he by King Fergus out of a

Herod mare.

Foaled, 1823. Imp'd to Alabama

AMERICAN STUD BOOK. 359

LEXINGTON, b. h. by Symmes' Wildair, darn by Lonsdale, g. dan? jy

Jolly Roger, &c.

1800. Andrew Wood. ey.

LIBERTY, by Sharp's Othello, clam by George's Juniper.

Maryland. Charles Bldgley.

. by Bur-well's Emperor, dam by Zane's Ranger, g. clam by Mark

Anthony, &c.

1798. " John Brovvnly.

,1GHT INFANTRY, [Imp**] by Eclipse, dam by Feather, g. dam by

Childers, g. g. dam Widdrington mare, she by Old Partner.
LINDSAY'S ARABIAN. (See Arabian Lindsay's )
LINNET, by Trafalgar, dam Humming Bird by Tom Tough.

Messrs. Corbius.

LIONELLA, b. m. by Coeur de Lion out of the dam of Cinderella.
LITTLE DAVID, [by Imp^d] Childers, dam Jenny Cameron.

J. Tayloe.

BILLY, by Florizelle, dam by Celer.

W. R. Johnson.

JUNIPER. (See Juniper Little.)

JAMES, full brother to Garrick by Celer.

— MEDLEY, [by Imp'd] Medley, dam Kitty Fisher by Lindsay's Ara-
bian.
LIVELY, b. m. by American Eclipse, dam Haynes' Maria [by Imp'd] Dio-

rnede, g. dam Lively by Lively — Wild Goose by Selim, &c.

New Jersey. Henry De Groot.

LOCHINVAR, b. c. by Oscar, dam Virago by Shark.

1810. J. Tayloe.

LONSDALE, by Jolly Roger, clam a bay mare Imp'd., she by Monkey —

Lonsdale's Bay Arabian, &c.

John Byrd.
gr. h. by Page's Young Medley, dam Marianna by Telema-

chus, &c.

1R24. F. B. Whiting.

LORENZO, by Telemachus, dam by Raymond.
LOGAN, a Mahogany bay, by Sir Archy, out of the dam of Lafayette by

Virginian.

LOGANIA, [by [mp'd] Medley, dam by Fearnought.
LOTTERY, ch. f. by Bedford, dam Anvelina.

1803.
LOUISA, b. m. by Eclipse, dam Vanity by Celer— Mark Anthony— Silver

Eye, &c.

1789. J. Tayloe.

LOUISIANA, b. f. by Old Rattler, dam Desdemona.

1829. E. G. W. Butler.
LOVELY LASS, b. f. by Timoleon, dam Lady Alfred by Old Sir Archy.

1832.

LOVE LACE, by Flying Childers out of an Imp'd mare by Bosphorus.
LUBLY ROSA, b. f. by Sir Archy, dam Equa.

1830. P. Wallis.
LUCIFER, [by Imp'd} Dare Devil, dam by Bellair— Imp'd Medley— Lons-
dale, <fec.

LUCY, by Young Sir Alfred, dam Nancy by Florizelle.

W. Coles.
LOCKETT, b. f. by Roanoake, dam young Minikin.

1323. J. Randolph.
LOCKETT, by Bellair, dam Old Selima by Morton's Traveller— Othe]

lo, &c.

300 AMERICAN STUD BOOK.

LUCY GWYNN, b. m. bv Sir Charles, dam by Sir Harry— Bedford— Dar

Devil— Wildair, &c.

Messrs. Tayloes.
• GRF.Y, b. f. by Washington, dam Betsy Hunter.

Norfolk, 1820. E. Townes.

LUDEE, gr. f. by Old Slouch, dam Nancy Dawson.

1798.

LURCHER, [by Imp'd] Bedford.
LYCURGUS, a son of Morton's Traveller.

1764. Benj. Harrison.

LUZBOROUGH, [Imp'd] b. h. by Williamson's Luzborough, (a son of Si'

Peter Teazle,) whose dam was Jjy Dungannon, (a son of Eclipse.

Luzboroiigb's dam was out of a Dick Andrews mare, sent to Franco.

and she by Whiskey out of Eleanor, dec. g. g. dam by Diomede, &c

Greensville. (Imp'd 1832.) John Avery.

M.

MAB, b. f. by Archduke, dam Fairy by Bedford.

1809. J. Hoomes.

MABEL, dk. b. f. by Sir James, dam Meg Merrilies.

Lewis Berkley.
MACBETH, bl. b. by Sir Archy, dam by Shylock, g. dam Lady Burton.

Foaled, 1828. D. H. Allen.

MACEDONIAN, b. by Roanoake, dam Statira by Alexander the Great.

1824. J. Randolph.

MACAW, b. f. by Roanoake, dam Paroquet, &c.

J. Randolph.

MADCAP. [Tmp'd] b. m. by An ville— O'Kelly'e Madcap by Eclipse— Blani
• — Greyhound — Curwen's Bay Barb, &c. 1794.

Tra'imd not successfully. J. Tayloe.

MADISON, by Diomede, dam Priestley by Chanticleer.
MADAM NOR FLEET. (See Gallena )
MADAME LAVALETTE, b. m. by Peace Maker, dam by Bedford, g. dam

by Medley, <fec.

1815. J. J. Ambler.

MAGIC, [Imp^d] ch. h. (sold for $4000,) by Volunteer, dam Marcella by

Mambrino — Mecfia by Sweetbrier — Angelica by Snap — Regulus,

&c.

Prince George Cy. Maryland.
MAGOG, by Chanticleer, dam Camilla by Wildair.

J. J. Harrison.
MAGNETIC NEEDLE, [Imp'd] b. by Magnet, he by Herod, his dam sister

to the dam of Eusophroyne, she by Sweetbrier, his g. dam Rarity

by Matchem, &.c. Foaled, 1787.

Tienton, N. Jersey, 1804.
MAGGY LA UDER, by Dr. Hamilton's [Imp'd] Figure, dam by Imp'd

Othello, g. dam by Imp'd Spark.
MAGNOLIA, ch. h. by Lindsay's Ranger, (Arabian,) dam by Othello by

Crab, her dam by Morton's Traveller, anu iier dam was Selima bj

Godolpbhi Arabian, &c.

1 785. Lund Washington.

MAGNUM, ch. h. by Am. Eclipse, dam by Oscar, (by Diomede,) g. daro

by Picture, (by Imp'd Shark,) Sweet Larry, &c.
MAID OF ALL WORK, b. f. by Stirling, dam [Imp'd} Hackabotit, &c.

Foaled, 1800. J. Hoomes.

- OF THE FOREST, br. m. by Young Hickory, dam by Old Hamlet.

AMERICAN STUD BOOK. 361

MAID OF THE FOREST, gr. f. by Winter Arabian, dam Young Buzzaid

mare by Hamlinlonian, &c.

OF LODI, by Virginian, dam by Potomac.

OF THE MILL, by Old Hickory, dam by Yoyng Shark, g. dam Major

JBiddle's mare.

OF NORTHAMPTON, [by Itnp'tfJ Clifden, dam Jane Lowndes.

OK OAKLAND, [by Imp'd] Stirling, dam by Hall's Eclipse, Brent's

Young Ebony, &c.
— ; OF ORANGE, by Hambletonian, (by Dungannon,) dam by Dr. Thorn

ton's Driver, g. dam full sister to Nantoaka by Hall's Eclipse.

James Madison.
OF THE OAKS, by Spread Eagle, dam [by Imp'd] Shark, g. dam by

Rockingham, g. g. dam by Gallant — True Blue, &c.

Fredericksburg, Va. Lewis Willis.

• OF CORINTH, b. m. by Virginian, dam by Sir Archy — Quick Step —

Americus — Aristotle, &c.

OF PATUXENT, [by Imp^d] Magic, dam Kitty Fox.

OF WARSAW, by Gohanna, dam Chestnut mare by Trafalgar, g. dam

Rosalba.

King William Cy. Va. 1831. Lewis Hill.
MALV1NA, gr. m. by Stirling, dam Calypso. J. Tayloe.
[by Imp'd] Precipitate, dam by Dungannon, Mark Anthony,

&c. Major Bayly.

MALCOLM, b. by Sir Charles, dam by Sir Alfred— Hoomes' Tom Tough

— Imp'd Spread Eagle, &c.

Wm. Wynne.
MAMELUKE, br. b. by Bagdad Arabian, dam Depro by Bay Baronet—

yfmp\l] Crop, &c.
oston. Edw. El ridge.

MAMBRINO, dk. c. by American Eclipse, dam Grand Dutchess.

Delaware Cy. Pa. 1830. Humphrey Hill.

MANFRED, [Imp'd] b. foaled 1796, by Woodpecker, dam by Mercury, g.

dam by Highflyer, &c. (Died.)

J. Hoomes.
MARCELLA, b. f by Roanoake, dam [Imp'd] Philadelphia.

1823. J. Randolph.

MARCELLUS, (formerly Red Rover,) ch. h. by Sir Charles, dam Shep-
herdess by Phenomenon, &c.

Rich. Adams.
MARIANNA, ch. m. by Telemachus, dam by Wild Medley, g. dam by

Young Fearnought, &c.
MARCIA, gr. m. by Archduke, dam Celerirna by Celer.

1810. J. Tayloe.

MARIA ANTOINETTE, g. f. by Andrew, (by Sir Andrew,) dam by Wi-
ley's Marok, g. dam by Old Gallatin — [Imp^d] Medley, &c.

Georgia. Foaled, 1831. C. A. Redd.

• FONTAINE, by Superior, dam by Tom Tough — Perto— Caniden—

Brilliant, &c.

W. D. Taylor.
HILL, b. m. by Oscar, (by Wilkes' Wonder,) dam [by Imp'd] Citi

zen out of a Fearnought mare by Regulus, &c.

Nirnrod Porter.
MACKLIN, b. m. by Sir Archy, dam by Bellair.

Bellfield, Va. Henry Macklin.
ARCHY, b. f. by Old Sir Archy, dam [hy Imp'd] Diomede— Old Giro-

crack, (alias Randolph's Roan.)

Buckingham, Va. 1<U6. Isaac Curd.

362 AMERICAN STUD BOOK.

MARIA LOUISA, by Pacolet, dam Letitia by Truxton— Gallatin, &c.

Tennessee. A. Shelby.
SLAMERKIN, ch. m. by Bond's First Consul, dam by Paragon, [Imp'd]

Figure, &c.

New Jersey. Dr. E. A. Darcy.

MAGGY SLAMERKIN, (Old) [by Imp'd} Wildair, dam Delancey's Cub

mare. (Wildair and Cub mare were imp'd together.)

Col. -Delancey.
MARIA, b. m. by Sir Archy, clam Forlorn Hope.

Sold E. Parker, Pa. H. Macklin.

BL \CK. (See Black Maria by American Eclipse, ditto by Shark.)

by Diomede, dam by Bellair.

Tennessee. H. Haynes.
b. f. by Monsieur Tonson, dam Eliza by Timoleon.

North Carolina, 1829. J. W. Jeffries.

by Bay Yankee, dam Green's Old Celer mare.

W. R. Johnson.

by Clockfast, dam Maria [by Impact] Regulus.

gr. in. by Pacolet, dam by Truxton.

- — BURWELL'S, [by 7mpV] Regulus, she by Godolphin Arabian.

by Punch, dam

B. Beans.
. — by Gallatin, dam

Georgia. McNellys.

by Walnut, dam by a Grey Diomede horse, g. dam by Medley, &c

MARGARET, by Virginian, dam Hurry'em.
MARPLOT MARE, by Marplot, dam Betsy Baker.
MARTANZA, ch. f. by Sir Arthur, dam Amazonia by Tecumseh, &c.
MARY GREY, g. m. by Amie's Sir Archy, dam by Old Bellair— Shark-
Aristotle, &.C.

Alabama. Levi Gist.

— g. f. [by Imp'd] Messenger, dam Tulip by Ranger, or Lind-
say's White Arabian.

- (or SAPPHO,) [Imp'd'] b. m. by Ruler, dam by Sampson — Re-
gulus— Greyhound mare, &c.

Foaled, 1792.
KIXG, g. m. by Muckle John, dam by Quicksilver, and he by Imp'd

Medley.

Georgia, 1325. Charles A. Redd.

MARY, b. f. by Coeur de Lion, dam Fanny Foster, &c. 1809.

ch. f. by Sir Archy, dam by Francisco.

Wm. Minge.
ELDRIDGE, ir. gr. by Napoleon 2d, dam by Pacolet, g. dam [by Imp'd \

Sir Harry — Imp'd Dare Devil — Belt and Macklin's Fearnought, &c.

Pulaski, Tenn. Geo. A. Glover.
OF CLOVEBDALE, by Doubtless, dam Potomac, g. dam by Obscurity,

&c.

JANE, b. f. by Bertram!, dam by Arrakooker.

MORETON, ch. f. by Cook's Royalist, dam Mary by Coeur de Lion.

ROBINSON, b. m. by Sir Archy out of the Imp'd PotSos mare, &,c.

Lancaster, Pa. E. Parker.

RANDOLPH, by Gohanna dam.

MARIGOLD, ch. m. by Tom Tough, dam Hoskins' Sir Peter, g. dam [by

Imp'J'] Bedford — Imp'd Dare Devil — Symmes' Wildair, &c.
MARION, by Old Sir Archy, dam by Citizen — Alderman— Roebuck — out

of a Herod mare.

Halifax, N. C. 18:30. B. S. Long.

AMERICAN STUD BOOK. 375

PEGASUS, g. f. by Pegasus, dam Sally Wright.

1 798. J. Hoomes.

PEGGY, (YOUNG) ch. m. by Gallatin, dam Trumpetta by Hephestion, g

dam Peggy by Bedford.

Kentucky. " E. Warfield.
ch. m. by Tmp'd Bedford, dam Imp'd Peggy.

1803. Wade Hampton.
[fmp'd] by Trumpeter, dam by Herod out of Peggy, (sister to

Postmaster.)

Foaled, 1788. Died 1805. J. Tayloe.

PEGGY MADEE, gr. f. by Sir Hal, dam Fair Rosamond, &c.

1823.

PENDENISS, gr. h. by Volunteer, dam Ariadne by Ball's Florizelle.
PENELOPE, by Yorick, darn by Ranter, g. dam by Old Gift, &c.

J. Tayloe.

— ch. f. by Timoleon, dam Rosetta by Wilkes' Wonder.

PENNSYLVANIA FARMER, by Partner out of a full bred mare.

1775. J. Tayloe.

MARE, by Pa. Farmer, dam by Pegasus, g. dam by Bol-

ton, &c.

J. Hoomes.

PELHAM, b. c. by Gracchus, dam Mary by Whrp.

Falmouth, Va. Enoch Mason.

PEY EYE, b. c. by Bedford, dam Milksop, &c.

1804.

PET, b. f. by St. Tammany, dam Miss Dance by Roebuck.
- gr. f. by Gracchus, clam Mouse by Sans Culotte.

J. Randolph.
PETRUCHIO, by Shakspeare, dam Miss Chance by Chance— Roxalana,

&c.

Mt. Airy, Va. WTm. H. Tayloe.

PHENOMENON, or Big Ben, by Imp'd Wonder, dam by Dare Devil, &c.

J. Mayo.
--- b. h. by Roanoake, dam Young Frenzy.

1824. John Randolph.

PHENOMENA, b. f. by Sir Archy, dam Lottery by Bedford, <fcc.

1827. R. Singleton.

PHOEBE, by Bright Phoebus, (full brother of Miller's Damsel,) dam by

Republican President, (he by Cragg's Highflyer,) g. dam by Lind

say's Arabian — Imp'd Ranger, &c.
PHOENIX, [Imp'd] ch. h. bred by the Duke of Bedford, got by Dragon, his

dam Portia by Volunteer — Florizelle — King Herod, &c. Foaled,

1798.

North Carolina, 1803. Thos. B. Hill.

-- b. h. by Imp'd Venetian, dam Zenobia by Don Carlos — Juni-

per, &c.

Bait. Cy. 1794. G. Fitzhugh.

PHILADELPHIA, [Tmp'd] b. m. by Washington, dam Miss Totteridge by

Dungannon — Marcella by Mambrino — Media by Sweetbrier — An-

gelica by Snap, &c.

1808. " J. Randolph.

PHILIP, ch. c. by Rattler, dam by Flag of Truce.

-- Townsend.
PHILLIS, by Fearnought, dam a celebrated mare of Col. Baylor's got by

Imp'd Sober John, &c.
- ch. f. full sister to Gohanna.

1821. John M. Botts.

33

876 AMERICAN STUD BOOK.

PHJLLIS, by Old Topgallant, clam by Grey Diomede, g. dam also by Grey

Diomede out of a thorough bred mare.

1811. Geo. Chicester.

PICTURE, by Irnp'd Shark, dam by Sweet Larry, by Spadille— Janus,

&c.
PILGRIM, [Imp^d] bl. h. by Samson — Regulus— Greyhound mare— Brown

Traveller, the grandam of Matchem, &c.

Foaled, 1762.
by Yorick, (by Morton's Traveller,) dam a Little Davie mare,

g. dam by Old Traveller out 'of Muslin Face, &c.

1777. Wm. Smith.
dap. gr. by Fearnought, dam Brandon by Aristotle, &c.

Foaled, 1774. B. Harrison.

PILOT, b. c. by Sir Archy, dam by Gallatin.

J. J. Harrison.

r. c. by Flimnap, dam Hope by Shark.

b. c. by Sir Henry, dam Slow and Easy by Duroc.

Sherman.

PIRATE, by Sir Arehy, dam Lady Hamilton by Sir Arthur— Medley--

Mark Anthony, &c.

W. R. Johnson.
PILLGARLIC, by Old Janus, dam by Imp'd Jolly Roger, g. dam by Silver

Eye, &c.

PILL BOX, (Dr. Dixon's) by Imp'd Pantaloon, dam Melpomone by Bur-
well's Traveller, g. dam Virginia by Mark Anthony.

PINK, by Lee's Mark Anthony, dam by Jolly Roger — Jenny Cameron, &c.
PINK OF RETREAT, ch. by" Young Tom Tough, (by Old Tom Tough,)

dam by Buzzard, g. dam by Jones' Wildair.
PIROUETTE, [/m/rfj ch. f. by Tenier's dam Marcondotti by Muley, &c.

Craig &L Cor'bin.

-PLAY or PAY, (Imp'd] b. h. got by Ulysses, dam by King Herod— Regu-
lus— Royal George's dam by Rib — Snake — Coney Skins — Hutton's

Barb, «fec.

Foaled, 1791. J. Hoomes.

PLENIPOTENTIARY, gr. c. by Ogle's Badger, dam Shrewsbury Nan, by

Bajazet, &c.

Rose Hill, Md. 1789. Thos. M. Forman.

by the Arabian Dey of Algiers, dam Cora by Bedford.

POCAHONTAS, b. f. by Randolph's Janus out of the dam of Powhatan.

by Topgallant, dam Pocahontas by Vintzun.

Gov. Wright.
. , by Vintzun, dam Pandora by Grey Diomede — OldPvIedley,

&c.
•- b. m. by Sir Archy, dam Young Lottery, (by Sir Archy,)

out of Lottery — Bedford, out of Imp'd Anvelina.

1819. R. Singleton.

POCOTALIGO, by Imp'd Bedford, dam Milksop by Justice.

Gen. McPherson.

POLLYPHEMUS, by Tayloe's Yorick, dam Selima by Old Fearnought.
POLL, ch.f. by (A.Young's) Peacock, (by Citizen,) dam Dutchess by Bed-
ford— Thresher — Twigg, &c.

by Partner, dam by Mark Anthony — Old Partner, &c.

H. Hayne.

b. f. by Eclipse, dam Janus mare.

POLL OF PLYMOUTH, ch. f. by Archduke, dam Imp'd Alexandria.

J Hoomes.

AMERICAN STUD BOOK. 377

POLLY BYRD, by Aristotle, dam Young Bonny Lass by Old Jolly Roger,
g. dam Bonny Lass.

BROOKS, b. f. by Imp'd Valentine, dam Sally Baxter.

Thos. M. Forman.

FLAXEN, by Jolly Roger, dam Imp'd Mary Grey.

H. Gaines.

HOPKINS, b. m. by Virginian, dam Jenny by Archduke — Imp'd

Stirling — Imp'd Obscurity, &c.

Col. Wynne.

MARTIN, b. m. by Berrehan's Sir Archy, dam by Imp'd Dion.

Capt. Geo. A. Bkiney.

MEDLEY, b. m. by Thornton's Medley, dam by Thornton's Mercu-
ry— Bowie's Sportsman, &c.

PKACHUM, by Patriot by Isabella, (the gr.dam of Page's famous Isa-
bella.)

PEACHUM, b. f. by John Richards, dam Fair Forester, &c.

1826. John Baker,

POWELL, by Virginian out of a full sister to Napoleon.

POMPADOUR, by Valiant, dam Imp'd Jenny Cameron.

Judge Tyler.

POMONA, [Imp'J} b. m. by Worthy, (own brother to Waxey,) dam Co
medy by Buzzard, her dam by Highflyer, &c.
Petersburg, Va. Wm. Haxall.

POOR CHANCE, ch. c. by Archduke, dam Milksop by Coeur de Lion.

J. Hoomes.
PORCUPINE, ch. by Imp'd Diornede, dam Diana by Claudius.

1804. Wm. E. Broadnax.

PORTO, [Imp'd} by King Herod, dam by Snap — Cade — own sister to
Matchem's dam by Partner — Makeless — Brimmer, &c. Bred by
Mr. Crofts, and foaled 1731.

Thos. Goode.
PORTO BELLO, by Commutation, dam by Walker's Flimnap, &c.

Dinwiddie Cy. Va. 1796. Belf. Starke.

by Cl _
Moggy by Defiance.

PORTIA, b. m. by Clipper, (a son of Old Messenger,) her dam the dam o(

b. f. by Shylock, dam Jessica.

1825. J. Randolph.

POST BOY, by Gabriel, dam by Hyder Ally, g. daml>y the Old Grey Ara

bian, g. g. dam by Ariel — Othello, &c.

Ridgley.

by Wrangler, dam

B. Wilkes
POTOMAC, b. h. by Imp'd Diomede, dam by Pegasus, &c.

Mecklenburg, Va. 1804. Rich. Dennis.
MARE, by Potomac, dam by Gallatin.

Kentucky. Jefferson Scott.
POT8OS, by Old Medley, dam by Conductor, g. dam by Celer, &c.
' MARE, [Imp'd] was got by Eclipse, dam by Gimcrack, &c.

Foaled, 1792. Wm. Constable.

FOWHATAN, by Oscar, (he by Assiduous,) dam a Bashaw mare.

Spotsylvania Cy. Va. ' John HoUiday.

gr. h. by Old Pacolet, dam by Powhatan, by Imp'd Diomede.

by fmp'd Diomede, dam by Imp'd Shark— Old Celer— Imp'd

mare, &c.
POWWANCY, by Sir Alfred, dam Virgo by Imp'd Young Sir Peter Tea

z)e, g. darn Castianira.

378 AMERICAN STUD BOOK.

PRECIPITATE, [Imp 'J] a sorrel horse, fifteen and a naif hands high,
bred by the Earl of Egremont, got by Mercury, dam by Herod, g.
dam by Matchem out of Mr. Pratt's Old Squirt mare, &c.
Foaled, 1787. Imp'd 1804. Wm. Lightfoot.

PRESTLEY, by Chanticleer, dam Camilla by Wildair, g. dam Minerva by

Obscurity, &c.

PRESIDENT, by Old Celer, dam by Mark Anthony out of Bonny Lass.
dap. gr. by Imp'd Clockfast, dam Haines' Old Poll by Fear-
nought— Moore's Partner, &c.

Dinwiddie Cy. Va. 1 796. Drury Jones.

PRIMROSE, (Dr. Stockett's) by Grey Medley, dam by Apollo, g. dam by
Imp'd Granby — Hamilton's Figure, &c.

by Dove, dam Stella by Othello, Imp'd Selima.

Dr. Hamilton.

-(RIDGLEY'S) by Apollo, dam by Imp'd Granby — Hamilton's Fi-
gure, &c.
PRIMERO, by Mason's Rattler, dam Kitty Russell.

Thomas Carter.

PRINCE FREDERICK, [Tmp'd] a bay fifteen and a half hands high, was
got by Fortunio by Flororet, riam by Lexicon, g. dam by Sportsman,
g. g. dam Golden Locks by Oronooko — Valiant, &c.
Boston, 1798. Edw. Davis.

EPM'ARP, ch. by Muckle John out of a Whip mare, &c.
Georgia, 1828. C. A. Rudd.

RLPLRT, by Tom Tough, dam by Imp'd Sir Harry.

King Wm. Thos. Carter.

PRINCESS, by Sir Archy, dam a full blooded mare, bred by Lemuel Long
of North Carolina, &c.

Amiss.

PRIZE FIGHTER, by ImpJd Expedition, dam Zelippa by Imp'd Messen-
ger, &c.

PROMISE, [Imp'd] ch. m. by Buzzard out of a Precipitate mare, the dam
of Wizard, her dam out of Lady Harriet by Mark Anthony, &c.

Win. Haxall.

by Grey Medley, dam by Apollo, g. dam by Imp'd Granby, &c.

Gen Ridgley.

PROSERPINE, by Dare Devil, dam a Clodius mare, g. dam by Bolton, g.
g. dam Sally Wright by Yorick, &c.
1797. J. Hoomes.

b m. by (Tenn.) Oscar, dam by Pacolet, second Diomede by
Imp'd Diomede — Wildair, &c.

Tennessee, 1823. J. C. Guild.

PSYCHE, [Imp'd] gr. m- by Sir Peter Teazle, dam Bab by Bordeaux out
of Speranza, own sister to Saltram by Eclipse — Snap, &c. Imp'd
by Gen. McPherson.
South Carolina. Foaled, 1802.

PUNCH, [Imp'd] got by King Herod, dam by Old Marske— Cullen Ara-
bian—Black Eyes by Regulus— Crab— Warlock— Galloway, &c.
1799. Wm. Powers.

PUNCH1NELLA, [Imp'd] by Punch, dam Craig's Highflyer by Highflyer
of Tattersalls, g. dam by Galloway's Selim, &c.
Washington City, 1808. Wm. Thornton.

PURITY, gr. m. by Sir Archy, dam by Bedford, g. dam (dam of Trifle) bj
Bellair— Shark— Wildair, &,c.

Foaled, 1827. Chas. Botts & T. Lawsoa.

PURE GOLD, by Stirling, dam by Escape, g. dam by Lord Louvaine's
Percy Arabian— King Herod, &c.

AMERICAN STUD BOOK. 379

PULASKI, ch. h. by Virginian, dam Constitution (by Diomede,) g. dam
the dam of Lady Lagrange by irnp'd Dragon, Bet Bounce, &,c.

Thomas S. Goodrum.

QUAKER LASS, by Jumper, aam imp'd Molly Pacolet

by Kouli Kahn, darn by Valiant, g. dam imp'd by Wiuiam

Byrd, and foaled 1769.

Theoderick Bland.
QUEEN ISABELLLA, brT m. by First Consul, clam Nancy Dawson by Old

Messenger.
MAB, [Imp'd] by Musgrove's Grey Arabian, dam Harrison's

Arabian, g. clam by his Chestnut Arabian, Leeds, &c.

Imported by Gov. Ogle.
OF MAY, by imp'd Shark, dam by imp'd Janus, &c.

1789. Thomas.

QUICKSILVER, (formerly SNAP,) s. h. by imp'd Medley, dam by Wildair,

g. dam by Spark out of Col. Overton's Jolly Roger, and Valiant mare

sold to H. Heath.

1789. J. Tayloe.
by Mercury, dam Brondon by Aristotle.

1783. Benjamin Harrison,

QUIETUS, b. c. by Sir Henry, dam Slow and Easy by Duroc, &c.

Sherman,
-b. c. by Speculator, dam Alexandria.

1808. John Hoornes.

QUIDNUNC, b. c. by Arabian Bagdad, dam Rosy Carey, (by Sir Archy,>
g. dam Sally Jones by imp'd Wrangler — imp'd Traveller, &c.
Tennessee, 1826. Rev. H. M. Cryer.

K.

RABBI, g. c. by Winter's Arabian, dam by one of the best sons of Hamble-

tonian, g. dam by Spread Eagle.

Alabama. J. & A. Gist.

RACHEL FOSTER, gr. m. by Virginian, dam by Palafox— Betty Mufti by

imp'd Mufti, &c.
RAFFLE, ch. m. by Bellair out of a full sister to Narcissa.

1798. Samuel Tyler.

RANDOLPH, gr. c. by Rinaldo, dam (Ridgley's) Ophelia by little Medley,

&c.
RANGER, [Imp'd} a Milk White horse got by Regulus, (son of Godolphin

Arabian,) his dam by Mercury, Andrew, her dam by Steady, &c.

(Unsuccessful in racing.) Dr. Hamilton.

< b. c. by Roanoake, dam Never Tire.

John Randolph.

(See Arabian Lindsay's.)

— • dk. b. by Bussora, darn Alarm.

ch. c. by Heath's Childers, dam Tulip by Lindsay's White

Arabian, imp'd Othello, George's Juniper, &c.

1 793. Thos. M. Forman.

RANTER, [I/np'd] b. foaled 1755, got by Dimple, (son of the Godolphin

Arabian,; dam by Crab out of Bloody Buttocks, &c. Imp'd in 1762,

and stood in Stafford County, Va. in 1763.

YOCM;, (See Young Ranter.)

KASSELAS, by Sir Archy, dam by imp'd Play or Pay, g. dam by Bellair,

imp'd Pantaloon, &c. 1823.

33*

380 AMERICAN STUD BOOK.

RATTLER, or (RATTLE,) by imp'd Shark, dam Lady Leggs, (the Ham of

Collector,) by Centinel — imp'd Fearnought and imp'd mare, &c.

N. Carolina, (foaled, 1796.) Bignell.

eh. h. by Rattler, (by Sir Archy,) dam by Old Prize Fighter,

g. dam Luff borough's Spread Eagle mare.

Lancaster, Pa. 1829. Edward Parker,

-by Sir Archy, dam by imp'd Robin Redbreast, e. dam by

imp'd Obscurity, Old Slamerkin, &c.

Wynne.

ch. by Thornton's Rattler, dam Maid of the Mill.

Walter Livingston.

by Rattler, (by Shark,) dam Polly McCulloch.

Peebles.

(See Fairfax.)

-ch. c. by Kosciusko, dam by Archer.

Kentucky. Edward M. Blackburn.

-(Alias Stafford,) ch. h. by Timoleon, dam Constitution (by

Diornede,) g. dam imp'd Saltram, Old Wildair, Fearnought, &c.

E. Mason.

MARE, c. m. by Rattler, dam Jenny Windflower.

C. Irvine.
RATRAY, by imp'd Clifden, dam by Fitzpartner out of Ariminna by

Brimmer.
RAPLEY, gr. c. by Bassino, dam Clio by imp'd Whip.

Gen. Taylor, (Georgia.)
RAPID, by Columbus, dam by Sir Archy.
RAPPAHANNOCK, by Richmond, dam by Sir Alfred, g. dam by Sey

mour's Spread Eagle, Pantaloon, &c.

Pennsylvania, 1830.
RAVENS WOOD, dk. b. h. by Sir Harry, dam Dutchess by Grouse.

1815. J. Randolph.

REALITY, by Sir Archy, dam by Medley, g. dam by Centinel, Mark An-

thony, Janus, &-C.
REAPHOOK, by Old Sir Archy, dam Irby's Dare Devil mare.

E. Irby.
RECRUIT, ch. by imp'd Stirling, dam Citizen by Wildair, gr. dam Miner.

va by Obscurity, g. g. dam Diana by Claudius, &c.

Hickory Hill, 1807. Samuel Marshall.

RED MURDOCK, (See Murdock.)
RED ROVER, ch. h. (See Marcellus.)

— ch. h. by Carolinian, dam Sycorax.

Richard S. Nicholson.

RED FOX, by Virginian, dam by imp'd Knowsley.

REFORM, br. h. by Marylander, (by Thornton's Rattler,) dam by Rich-
mond— Ogle's Oscar — Grey Diomede — Hall's Union — Leonidas, &c.

Prince George Cy. Maryland. Geo. Simms.

b. i. by Tariff, dam the dam of Chieftain.

REGULUS, (L. Burwell's) [Imp'd\ got by Regulus, (a son of theGodolphin

Arabian,) he was half brother to Bald Partner by Smiling TOMI out

of a Partner mare, her dam by Cupid — Hautboy — Bustler, &c.

Foaled, 1747.

-by Silver Eye, grand sire Valiant, g. g. sire Jolly Roger, &c

York Cy. Va. 1770. James Shields.

(FITZHUOH'S,) b. h. by imp'd Fearnought, dam imp'd Jenny

Dismal. Chatam near Fredg. 1774
REINDEER, b. c. by Arab, dam by Marske, &e.

1827. J. J. Hauison.

AMERICAN STUD BOOK. 381

REMUS, [Imp'd} by Dove— Spanker— Flying Childers— out of Betsy Leeds

(sister to Leeds,) by the Leeds Arabian, &c.

N. Carolina, 1777. John Baird.

RENOVATOR, g. c. by Chichester's Brilliant, dam Indiana by Florizelle.

1831. H. A. Tayloe.

REPUBLICAN, by True Whig, dam Young Selima sister to the noted

Chatam, &c.

William Brent.
bl. by imp'd Shark, dam by Fitzhughs' True Whig — Worm

ley's King Herod — imp'd Silver Eye, &,c.
REPUBLICAN PRESIDENT, by imp'd Highflyer, dam by imp'd Venitian

— Don Carlos — imp'd Ranger — imp'd Dove, &c.

1805. Isaac Duckett.

RESTLESS, [Imp^d] adk. brown sixteen hands high, got by Phenomenon,

his dam Dutchess, she by Lesang, her dam Caliope by Slouch — Oro

nooko, &c.

Foaled, 1788. Wm. Lightfoot.

by Virginian, dam Roxana, (formerly Betsy Haxall.)

Wm. R. Johnson.
REVENGE, ch. c. by Florizelle, dam Britannia.

1812. J. Tayloe.

or YOUNG JANUS, by Sir Archy, dam Frenzy by Gracchus.

J. Randolph.
RHODIAN, gr. m. by Ragland's Diomede, Quicksilver, imp'd Pantaloon,

imp'd Fearnought, &c.

Halifax Cy. 1816. Robert Easley.

RHEA, by Chatam, dam by Eclipse, (who was the sire of Brimmer, &c.)

g. dam by irnp'd Shark, g. g. dam by imp'd Silver Eye.
RICHMOND, ch. c. by Ball's Florizelle, dam Chestnut mare by Diomede,

&c. Sold Dr. Thornton.

1812. J. Wickham.

RIEGO, bl. h. by Francisco, dam by imp'd Sir Peter Teazle, g. dam imp'd

Castianira.

Hector Davis.
RIOT, b. h. by Sir Archy, dam by Burdett.

Richard Long.
RINALDO, b. h. by Sir Archy, dam Miss Ryland by Gracchus.

J. Randolph.
RINALDINI, ch. c. by Baronet, dam Temptation by Heath's Childers, &o.

1804. Thos. M. Forman.

RIPLEY, ch. by Sir Charles, dam Betsy Robinson by Thaddeus.
ROAN COLT, [Imp'd] got by Sir Peter Teazle, dam by Mercury, g. dam

Cytherea by Herod, g. g. dam by Blank, &c.

Foaled, 1802. Imp'd by John McPherson.

ROANOAKE, b. h. by Sir Archy, dam Lady Bunbury by Trumpeter, &c.

1817. J. Randolph.

S. c. by Magic, dam Johnson's Old Medley mare.
OHN, b. h. by Ravenswood, dam Flora by Am. Eagle.
Essex, Va. Jefferson Minor.

ROANOAKA, ch. f. by Ball's Florizelle, dam Cornelia by Chanticleer-
Vanity by Celer, &c.

1815. J. Randolph.

ROEBUCK, by Sweeper, (son of Beaver's great Driver,) dam by imp'd Ba
xjazett.

hh. by Fitzhughs' Othello, dam by imp'd Othello.

1783. Wm. M. Wilkins.

382 AMERICAN STUD BOOK,

ROEBUCK, by Roebuck, (who was got by Powell's Selim, a son of Old
Selim,) dam of Young Roebuck by imp'd Druid, Shark, Figure, Mark
.Anthony, &c.
Bremo. Foaled, 1810. John H. Cocke, Sen.

ROBERT BURNS, or Sir Archy, (See Sir Archy.)

br. by Stockholder, dam by Sir Archy, (Robert Burns,) g. dam

by imp'd Bedford, Hart's imp'd Medley.

ROB ROY, ch. h. by Gracchus, dam imp'd Lady Bunbury.

J. Randolph.

by Sir Archy, dam imp'd Psyche.

Col. Singleton.

; — gr. h. by Winter's Arabian, dam by Young Baronet, g. dam

by imp'd Damon, &,c.

ROBIN ADA1R, by Sir Archy, dam Lady Burton by Sir Archy.

Dr. Win. Terrell, (Geo.)

ROBIN REDBREAST, [Imp'd] b. h. by Sir Peter Teazle, his dam Wren
by Woodpecker out of Papillon by Snap, (the dam of Sir Peter Tea-
zle,) Woodpecker by Herod, Sir Peter by Highflyer, Herod, &c.
Foaled, 1796. Virginia, 1800.

ROBIN GRAY, by imp'd Royalist, dam by Grey Diomede, g. dam by imp'd
St. George, Cassius, &c.

ROBIN HOOD, b. c. by Tippoo Sultan, dam Rosalia by imp'd Express, &c.

ROCHESTER, b. c. by Alderman, dam Thresher.

ROCKINGHAM, b. h. by Old Partner, dam imp'd Blossom.

1775. Gen. Nelson.

• by Sir Archy, dam by Rattler, g. dam by Medley, (lost Ins

eyes at 2 years old.)

J. D. Amis.

RODERICK, by Dare Devil, dam by Bellair, g. dam by Wildair.

1808. John Thornton.

by Winter Arabian, dam by Lorenzo, g. dam by Blaze, &c.

Lexington, Kentuck}-.

RODERICK DHU, b. h. by Sir Charles, dam by Bedford, g. dam by Bel-
lair, Shark, Wildair, &,c.

T. Cary.

RODERICO, ro. h. by imp'd Monkey, imp'd Silver Eye, imp'd mare, &c.

RODOLPHO, bl. h. by imp'd Hob or Nob, darn an imp'd mare, foaled 1768.
N. Carolina. John McDermut.

ROGER OF THE VALE, (See imp'd Jolly Roger.)

ROMAN, [/wijuV] b. h. got by Camillus, darn by Eagle, g. dam by Trumpe-
ter, g. g. dam by Highflyer, g. g. g. dam by Snap out of Miss Cleve-
land by Regulus, &c.
Imported into N. York, 1823. S. Williams.

. gr. h. by Roman, darn Ariel's dam Empress.

b. h. by Roman, dam Pinkney's mare.

Sherman.

ROMP, bi . f. by Leander, dam Rosalia by Express.

T. M. Forman.

• by imp'd Messenger and full sister to Miller's Damsel.

Livingston.

ROMULUS, s. h. by Mark Anthony, dam Pompadour by Valiant — Jsnny
Cameron, &c.
Charles City Cy. Va. 1775. Peter Dunn.

by Sweeper, dam by imp'd Ranger, g. dam by Ariel, Othello

&c. 1789. Wm. Stewart. '

ROQUA, by Trafalgar, dam Fancy by Jubilee.

Hanover, Va. N. Berkley.

AMERICAN STUD BOOK. 383

ROSALBA, b. f. by Spread Eagle, dam Alexandria.

1801. J- Hoomes.

-by Trafalgar, dam Rosalba by Spread Eagle.

ROSALIA, b. f. by imp'd Express, dam Betsy Bell by Old Cub.

Thos. M. Forman.

ROSALIE, gr. f. by Knowsley, dam Calypso.

ROSABELLA, ch. m. by Topgallant, dam by imp'd Play or Pay, g. dam
by Old Bellair — imp'd Pantaloon — Janus, &c.
Southampton Cy. Va. 1819. James Rochelle.

ROSALINDA, gr. m. by Tayloe's Oscar, dam by imp'd Expedition — imp'd
Grey Highlander — imp'd Traveller, &c.

Ps7ew Jersey. Jacob Vandyke.

ROSAMUNDA, b. f. by Bedford, dam Gasteria.

1804. J- Hoomes.

ROSEMARY, by imp'd Diomede, dam Celia by Old Wildair, g. dam Lady

Bolingbroke, &c.

ROSETTA, by imp'd Centinel, dam Diana by Claudius.
by imp'd Dion, dam by imp'd Druid — Old Shark — imp'd Med-
ley— imp'd Fearnought, &c.

:h. f. by Sir Archy, dam Bet Bounce by Sir Harry,
h. in. by Wilkes' Wonder, dam Rosy Clack by Saltram, &c.
Tennessee. Lewis J. Polk.

by Columbus, dam Lady Northumberland.

L. Butler.

— by Sir Harry, dam Spot by Bedford, &c.

Wm. Dandridge.
ROSICRUC10N, b. c. by Dragon, dam imp'd Anvelina.

1803. J- B. Richardson.

ROSY CLACK, by imp'd Saltram, dam Camilla by Wildair.
ROSY CAREY, by Sir Archy, dam Sally Jones by imp'd Wrangler.
ROSELLA, b. m. by Obscurity, dam Maggy Lauder.

1817. Thos. M. Forman.

ROWENA, br. m. full sister to Lafayette by Virginian.

ch. m. by Sumpter, dam Lady Grey by Robin Gray, &c.

ROXALANA, gr. f. by Selim, (the Arabian,) dam Britannia by Pegasus.
&c.

1806. J. Tayloe.

ROXANA, by Sir Solomon, dam Aurora.

by Hephestion, dam by imp'd Archer— Dare Devil, &c.

by Sir Harry, dam by Saltram, £. dam by Wildair — Fearnought

— Driver, &c.

blood b. by Gohanna, dam Kitty Clover.

• or BETSY HAXEN, by Sir Harry, dam the dam of Timoleon by

Sir Archy, (fee.

ROYAL CHARLIE, dk. ch. by Arastus, dam Aurelia by Hephestion.
ROYALIST, [Imp'd] b. h. by Saltram, dam by King Herod, g. dam by
Marske — Blank — Dizzley Driver — Smiling Tom, &c.
Foaled, 1790. Died in Tennessee, aged 24.

ROYAL OAK, bl. h. by imp'd Othello, (or Black and All Black.) His dam
was Dr. Maglather's Lovelace by Flying Childers, near the city of
Anopolis, his gr. dam an imp'd mare by Bosphorus, &c.
Salem Cy. New Jersey, 1777. Wm. Riddle.

RUSTY ROBIN, c. by Diomede, dam by Shark, g. dam Black Eyed Susan,
&c.

Thos. Good*

RULER MARE, [Imp'd] by Ruler, dam by Turk, (he by Regulus,) g. dam
by Snake, &c.

384 AMERICAN STUD BOOK.

VLAND, b. c. by Roanoake, dam Miss Ryland.

1324. J. Randolph

S.

SALLY BARONET, by Dungannon, dam bv Michau's Celer, g. darn by
Celer— Old Fearnought, &c.

BROWN, gr. by Buck Rabbit, dam by imp'd Knowsley, g. dam by

Bellair, &c.

VVm. D. Taylor.

BAXTER, b. f. by Ogle's Oscar, dam Dianora by imp'd Expedition.

Thos. M. Forman.

CURRIE, ch. m. by Matchless Diomede, (he by imp'd Diomede,) dam

by Celer, g. dam by imp'd Shark, &c.

DUFFEE, gr. m. by Diomede, dam Forlorn Hope, &c.

H. Macklin.

HOPE, ch. f. by Sir Archy, dam a bay mare imp'd by Dunlop of Pe-
tersburg, was by Chance, and was own sister to Grimalkin, tV.at
was sold to the Emperor of Austria for $7933, her gr. dam by Phe-
nomenon, ttc.

HORNET, b. f. by Sir Charles, dam by Hornet.

Hector Davis.

HARVIE, by Virginian, dam an Archy^iare.

HILL, dk. ch. m. by Trafalgar, dam JVlusidora by imp'd Archduke,

g. dam Proserpine by imp'd Dare Devil, &c.

1818. C. B. Berkley.

MAGIC. (See Pandora.)

MATJF.E, b. m. by Carolinian, dam by Jack Andrews — imp'd Drive

— '.Jiflver, &ic.

Vf. D. Taylo-

— • MORHIS, b. by Superior, dam by Tom Tough — Bedford, &c

• — • — jYltLviLLE, b. f. by Virginian, dam Bet Bounce.
— — NAILOR, b}' imp'd Wonder, dam Primrose by Dove.

I\AILOR, oy Spread Eagle, dam — —

PAINTER, gr. m. by Evans' Stirling, dam Old Silver by Bellsize Ara

bian.

— SMITH, by Virginian, dam a Gallatin mare.

SLOLXH, bl. m. full sister AO W. R. Johnson's Star.

SHARK, by imp'd Shark, dam Betsy Pringle by Old Fearnought, &c.

TAYLOR, ch. m. full sister of Betsy Robins.

S. Carolina. B. F. Taylor.

TRENT, ch. m. sister to Gohanna.

W. R. Johnson.

WILSON, br. in. by Blackburn's Whip, dam by Hamiltonian by imp'd

Diomede.

WKIGHT, by Yorick out of a full bred mare. J. Tayloe.

WTALKER, by Timoleon, dam by Dragon out of Honeycomb by Jack

Andrews— Pill Box by Pantaloon, &c.

F. P. Corbin.

by Muckle John, (by Muckle John,) dam Black Eyed Susan by Po-
tomac.

Georgia. J. Heister.

SALTRAM, [Imp'd] dk. b. h. fifteen hands three inches high, (was near
MS old when imp'd,) was got by Eclipse, his darn Virago by
Snap, g. dam by Regulus out of own sister to Black and All Black,
sire of Tuting's Polly, &c.
Foaled, 1730. Win. Li-jhtfoot

AMERICAN STUD BOOK. 385

SALTRAM, by Stirling, dam Marcia by Shark.

1800. ' Alex. Spotswood.

SALADIN, b. c. by Crusader, dam Onea by Dockon.

1830. James Ferguson.

SALVADOR, by Singleton's Ganymede, dam Clio by inip'd Whip, g. dam

Sultana by Spread Eagle, &c.
SAMBO, ch. c. by Sir Archy, dam by imp'd Buzzard, g. dam imp'd Sym-

nietry-by Trumpeter.
SAM PATCH, T5y Rob Roy, dam by Telegraph, g. dam by Oscar, g.gr. dam

Ridgley's Primrose.

1826.
SAMSON, bl. h. by Traveller out of a fine English hunting mare.

1767. John Wormley.

SANS CULOTTE, ch. s. by Old Celer, dam Logania by imp'd Medley, &c.

Charlotte Cy. Va. 1802. Stephen Davis.

SAPPHO, by Buckskin, dam Dutchess by Hero — Brutus — Tarquin — Old

Prince, &,c.

1791.

gr. f. by Tartar, dam Sultana by Spread Eagle.

SARAH JANE, ch. m. by Virginian, dam Lady Jane by Potomac.
SASSAFRAS, b. c. by Ware's Godolphin, dam Rosalia by Express.
SATELLITE, by Citizen, dam an imp'd mare by Waxy, imp'd by Col

Bland of Prince George Cy.
SAUCY PAT, f. by Cormorant, dam Minerva.

Eagle's Nest, 1803. . B. Grymes.

SAXE W1EMAR, full brother to Crusader and Kosciusko.
SCARIOUS, by Roanoake, dam Miss Peyton.

1829. ' J. Randolph.

SCREAMER, ch. f. by Henry, dam Lady Lightfoot.
SEAGULL, [/mp'tT] by \Voodpecker, dam Middlesex by Snap — Miss

Cleveland by Regulus out of Midge, &c.

Foaled, 1786. Bush.

by Sir Archy, dam Nancy Air by Bedford.

Kentucky-

SECOND DIOMEDE. (See Diomede Second.)
SELAH, dap. gr. by Bussora Arabian, dam by imp'd Messenger out of a

full bred mare.

C. W. Van Ranst.
SELIMA, by Topgallant, dam Jack Bull by Gabriel.

T. Murphy.

s. m. by Spread Eagle, dam Virago by Shark.

J. Tayloe.

bl. m. by Old Fearnought, dam imp'd Selima.

by imp'd Othello, dam imp'd Selima, &G,

Tulip Hill. Samuel Galloway.
ch. s. m. by Dandridge's Fearnought, dam by Bolton — Monkey —

Dart, &c.

Walter Coles.

b. m. by Yorick, dam bl. Selima, (by Fearnought.)

(TASKKR'S) [frnj^d] was by the Godolphin Arabian, dam by Old

Fox — Flying Childers, &c.

Foaled, 1772.

YOUNG. (See Young Selima.)

SELTM, [Imp'd] was by Bajazet, clam Miss Thign by Rib— Lady Thign by

Partner — Bloody Buttocks — Greyhound — Makeless — Brimmer, &c.

Foaled, 1760.

386 AMERICAN STUD BO&K.

SELJM, dk. b. h. by Othello, (or Black and All Black,) dam Selim mare,

&c.

1770. Galloway.

MARE, jet black, by imp'd Selim — imp'd Hob or Nob — imp'd Evans*

Stirling — imp'd Merry Tom — imp'd Bucephalus out of a thorough

bred mare, &c.

North Carolina. Foaled, 1774. Died, 1781.

gr. h. (See Arabian Seliin.)

SENECA, by Old Rattler, dam Cora by Brown's Godolphin.

Georgetown, D. C. G. W. Peter.

SENATOR, b. c. by imp'd Paymaster, dam Tulip "by Lindsay's Arabian.
SEPTIMA, [Imp'd] by Othello, damJMoll Brazen by Shark, &c.
SEPTIMUS, ch. c. by Gohanna, dam Vixen by Trafalgar.
SERAB, [Imp'd} by Phantom out of Jesse, by Totteridge, &c. ; her dam

Cracker by Highflyer, out of Nutcracker by Matchem — Regulus-

Crab — Childers — Basto, &c.

Foaled, 1821. S. & I. Coffin.

Sold in England for $14,000.
SEVERITY, by Napoleon, dam by Old Pacolet.
SHARK, \Irnp' d] adk. br. b. by Marshe, his dam by Shafton's Snap, g. dam

by Marlborough, (brother to Babraham,) out of a natural Barb mare.

Foaled, 1771.

Nottingham near Fredg. Va. 17G7. Alex. Spotswood.

br. h. by Sir Andrew, dam Kitty by imp'd Whip.

C. A. Rudd.
MARE, by imp'd Shark, dam

1793. » J. Tayloe.
bl. c. by American Eclipse, dam Lady Lightfbot.

1830.

MARK, ch. by Shark, dam Fetnah by Grey Diomede — Old Medley.

E. Branch.

SHAKSPEARE, dk. br. h. by Baylor's Fearnought, dam Stella by Othel-
lo, &c.

1777. Robert Baylor
dap. gr. h. by Baylor's Fearnought, dam imp'd, was by Cub,

a son of Old Fox, &,c.

Northumberland, Va. 1776. P. P. Thornton

-b. h. by Virginian, dam by Shenandoah, by Potomac.

SHAWNE^E, by Tecumseh, dam by Citizen, full sister of the dam of Ma-

rion.
SHENANDOAH, by Potomac, dam Hill's bay mare by imp'd Febrifuge-

Grey Diomede — Wildair, &c.

- gr. c. by Pilgrim, dam Swan by imp'd Eagle.

1828. J. Randolph.
SHEPHERDESS, bl. m. by Sweeper, (by Hamilton's Figure,) dam by

Tasker's Othello — Morton's Traveller, &c.

1829. T. J. Hanson.

- s. m. by Phenomenon, dam by imp'd Diomede— imp'd
Shark — imp'd Medley, &c.

Richard Adams.

--- by imp'd Slim, dam Shrewsbury by Old Figure, g. dam
by Dove — Selima by Othello, &c.
New York.

SHOCK, [Imp^il] b. h. by Jig, dam by Snake, Grey Wilkes by Hautboy,
Miss D'Arcy's Pet mare, daughter of Sedbury Royal mare.
Foaled, 1729.

SHOWMAN, by imp'd Fearnought, dam imp'd Jenny Disrnal.

AMERICAN STUD BOOK. 363

MARIUS, by Selim, dam [Imp'd.]

MARK TIME, b. by Ar. Bagdad, dam [by Imp'd] Spread Eagle— Quick-

silver, (by Hart's Medley,) &c.
MARK ANTHONY, [Imfd] by Spectator, dam Rachel by Bland— Regu-

lus — Soreheels — Makeless — Dr. Arcy's royal mare, &c.

Foaled, 1767. Stood in Virginia.
dk. b. by Old Partner, dam [Imp'd] Septiina by Othello, &c.

Caroline Cy. Va. 1771. I,. Hardyinan.

-(RANDOLPH'S,) bro. h. by Sir Archy, dam Roanoake.

1826. J. Randolph.

MARLBOROUGH, by Thornton's Rattler, dam Young Red Eye, g. dam

[by Imp'd] Bedford — imp'd Gasteria, &c.
MARMALUKE, b. f. [by Imp'd] Venetian, dam Magg Lauder.

Rose Hill, Maryland. f hos. A. Foreman.

MARSKE, (or Mask, ) by Shark, darn [Imp'd\ Virago.

Orange Cy. Va. 1799. Robert Young.
by'Diomede, dam by Medley.

Charlotte Cy. Va. 1808. Charles Wyllie.
by Marske, (by Diomede,) Hart's Old Medley thorough bred

mare, &c.

Russells.

MARSHAL NEY, dap. gr. by Pacolet, dam Virginia by Dare Devil.
MARMlON, by Virginian, dam by Sir Archy — Cotton's Phenomenon, (he

iby Imp'd] Restless) — Whirligig by imp'd Whirligig, &c.
825.

MARYLAND ECLIPSE, (See Eclipse Maryland.)

MARYLANDER, by (Wynnes') Rattler, dam sister to Sir Archy, on the
dam's side by Tayloe's Topgallant, &c.

G. S.
MARSHAL, by Spread Eagle, dam Virginia Nell.

DLTROC, by Old Duroc, dam Maid of the Oaks.

1812. Bela Badger.

, by Am. Eclipse, dam Diana by First Consul.

Elkton, Maryland, 1828. Samuel Hollingsworth.

MARS, r. h. by Mountaineer, dam Camilla by Peace Maker, &,c.

Albemarle, 1829. Walter Coles.

MARTHA JEFFERSON, b. f. by Sir Archy, dam [by Imp'd] Buzzard,

imp'd Symmetry, &c.
MATILDA, g. m. [by Imp'd] Jonah, dam by Grey Diomede, Whistle

Jacket, &c.

1810. D. W. Sumner.

b. m. by Sir Archy, dam [Imp'd] Dutchess.

G. H. Burwell.
• POI.K, gr. f. by Marion, darn Parallel by Virginian, Pacolet'3

dam [by Imp'd] Medley, &c.

1828.
MATCHEM, ch. c. by Janus, dam Amy Robsart.

J. Randolph.

by Dion, dam [Imp'd] Favourite.

John Hoomes.

MATCHLESS, [by Imp'd] Slender, dam Fair American by Lloyd's Tra-
veller, g. dam Old Slamerkin by Wildair.
b. h. by Old Fearnought, dam by Sober John — Dabster, &c.

Caroline Cy. Va. 1777. Robt. Taliaffera.

-DIOMEDE, [by Imp'd] Diomede, dam

MATOUCA, b. m. by Combination, dam by Multum in Parvo, g. dam by
Green's Potomac, vtc.
32

364 AMERICAN STUD BOOK.

MARY DACRE, bl. f. [by Imp'd} Valentine, dam Wright's Selima.

1829.
MAY DAY, by Sir Archy, dam Eliza Adams.

Messrs. Minge.

b. c. by Virginian, dam by Florizelle.

J. K. Van meter.
MEDLEY, [Imp'd'] gr. h. by Gimcrack, he by Cripple, &c. darn of Medley

was Arminda by Snap, &c. Foaled, 1776.

Hanover Court House, Va. 1785. Malcomb Hart.

• gr. c. by Sir Hal, dam Old Reality.

1824. W. R. Johnson.

b. c. by Bedford, dam Hebe by Dare Devil.

Farish, Coleman &, Hoomes.
MARE, bred by J. Hoomes, foaled [by Imp'd} Medley, dam by

Bolton — Fearnought — Tristram Shandy out of a Sober John mare,

MARE, ch. by Am. Eclipse, dam Clio by Sir Archy.

C. W. Van Ranst.

gr.' c. by Polafox, dam Miss Bailey [by Imp'd'] Boaster.

Natchez. Chambers.

CHANCE, (See Chance Medley.)

-FiTz, (See Fitz Medley.)

GREY, by Hart's [Imp'd] Medley, dam by Black and All Black
— Bay Bolton — Old Partner — Old Fearnought, &c.
N. Carolina, 1795-6. B. Williams.

(JONES') by Old Medley, dam by Mark Anthony — Fearnought
— Janus — Jolly Roger, &c.

(THORNTON'S) [by Imp'd] Punch, dam Helen by imp'd Med-

ley, &c
(THOMPSON'S,) [by Iny'd] Medley, dam by imp'd Aristotle, g.

dam b}' Fearnought, &.c.

Stood in Scott Cy. Kentucky, 1803.
WILD, by Old Medley, dam Wildair, g. dam Shandy, g. g.

dam Sportley by Old Janus, &c.

— YOUNG, (See Young Medley,) (two.)

MEDORA, ch. f. by Rattler, dam Sportmistress by Old Hickory, out of

Miller's Damsel, &c.

Butler Coles.

MEAD'S ORACLE, (See Oracle Mead's.)
MEG DODDS, br. in. by Sir Archy, dam Black Ghost [by Imp'd] Oscar,

&,c.

Nansimond, Va. J. G. Green.

MEG MERRIL1ES, b. in. by Trafalgar, ([by Imp'd] Mufti,) dam by imp'd

Dragon — Lamplighter — Highflyer — Escape, &c.

London, Va. Lewis Berkley.

MEG OF WAITING, b. f. by Bedford, dam [Imp1*] Alexandria.
MELE MELE, by Virginian, dam Lady Burton.

1826.

MELPOMONE, by Burwell's Traveller, dam Virginia by Old Mark Antho-
ny— g. dam Polly Byrd, &c.

MELUNTHEE, gr. c. by Hephestion, dam Castianira, dam of Sir Archy.
MELZAR, b. h. [by Imp'd} Medley, dam Kitty Fisher by Wildair, (went

to Kentucky.)
MERCURY, by Dr. Thornton's \Trnp' d] Driver, dam by imp'd Eclipse, g.

dam by Union, by imp'd Traveller, &c.
MERINO EWE bv Jack Andrews, dam Spot by Bedford.

AMERICAN STUD BOOK. 365

MERLIN, by Old Archy, dam by Old Bedford— Dare Devil— Old Shark,

&c. '
MENDOZA, (BRUISER,) by Boxer, dam Nancy Dawson, dam of Isabella.

1796. ' J. Tavloe.

MERRY TOM, [Imp'd] by Regulus, dam by Locust, (a Son of Crab,) g.

dam by a son of Flying Childers, his gr. dam by Croft's Partner, &c.

Prince George Cy. 1767. John Baird.

MERRYFIELD, [Imp'd] by Cockfighter, dam by Popinjay, Bourbon's

dam, (fee.

MERCURY, b. by Virginian, dam by Citizen, &c.
by Janus, dam Celesta.

1777. ' Col. William Byrd.

by Spread Eagle, dam Janetta.

J. Hoomes.

MERRYFELLOW, b. c. by W. R. Johnson's Byron, dam the dam of Ca-
milla, &c.

Kin.-; & Queen, Va. 1831. H. Campbell.

MERRY GOLD, b. f. [by Imp'd] Barefoot, dam Meg Dodds.

N. Jersey, 1831. W. Gibbons.

MERETRIX, by Magog, dam Narcissa.

MESSENGER, {Imp'd] gr. h. by Mambrino, dam by Turf, g. dam by Regu-
lus out of a sister of Figurant by Stirling, out of the Fox mare, the

dam of Snap, &c.

Foaled, 1780. C. W. Van Ranst.

DUROC, dk. ch. by Duroc, darn Vincenta [hy Imp'd] Messen-

• ger — hnp'd Slender — imp'd Lath, &c.

New-Yotk, 1790. E. & A. Stephens.

METEOR, b. c. by Comet, dam Nancy Dawson.
MEXICAN, [Imp'd} by Snap out of Matchem— Middleton, &c.
MIDAS, by Am. Eclipse, dam by Sir Robin, (he [by Imp'd] Robin Red

breast,) — g. dam by Dare Devil, imp'd Shark — Apollo, &c.

1 !!-•'. Win. Tovvndes.

MILLER'S DAMSEL, [by Imp'd] Messenger— dam the English PotSos

mare by" Eclipse.
MAID, full sister to American Eclipse.

1820. C. W. Van Ranst.

MILK MAID, by Centinel, dam

Gen. Carney.

MILK SOP, b. f [by Imp'd] Justice, dam the Brilliant mare by Matchem.
• b. f. by Coeur de Lion, dam Bolton mare, g. dam Sally

Wright by Yorick.

1798. J. Hoomes.

MILWOOD, by Topgallant, dam by Kenedy's Pantaloon by Bedford.
MINERVA, [by Imp'd] Obscurity, dam Diana by Claudius.

Wm. E. B road n ax.
— eh. m. by Dr. Thornton's Rattler, dam Rosalba by Trafalgar

—Old Rosalba [by Imp'd] Eagle, &c.

Bellair, dam by Symmes' Wildair, g. dam by Vampire out
of Braxton's Kitty Fisher.
MINK, b. f. by Roanoake, dam Cut Leggs.

1329. J. Randolph.

MINIKIN, by President— Old Celer— Tristram Shandy, &c.
MINIMUS, b. c. by Roanoake, dam Young Minikin.

J. Randolph.

MISCHIEF, b. f. by Virginian, dam by Bedford— Bellair— Shark, &c.

John M. Bolts

366 AMERICAN STUD BOOK.

ch. in. by Rattler, dam by Ogle's Oscar — Ridgley's Hamlet,

&c.

Fred. Maryland. J. Powder, Jun.

MISS FORTUNE, by Am. Eclipse, dam the dam of Maryland Eclipse, &c.

J. Sewall.

CHANCE, [by Imp'd] Chance, dam Roxana by Ar. Selim.

Messrs. Tayloes.

CRAWLER, b. m. [by Imp'd] Crawler, dam byMelzar — Grey Alfred —

imp'd Tom Jones, &c.

BELL, [Imp'd] by Othello, dam of Durigolah.

S. Carolina, 1783-4. H. Haynes.

BAILEY, [by Imp'd] Boaster, dam (mother of Maria Haney,) by Bel-
lair — Wildair, &c.

— DANCE, by Roebuck, dam by Independence, [Imp'd] Centinel (or
Flimnap,) Old Janus, &c.
Stafford, Va. Alexander F. Rose.

DOE, hy Old Celer, dam by Diomede out of Bynbam's Filly, (a noted

running mare in Va.)

EAGLE, b. f. by Spread Eagle, dam [Imp'd] Hackabout.

FITZROY, by Roanoake, dam Wakefield.

J. Randolph.

. FAUNTLEROY, b. m. by Wildair, dam by Yorick — Little David— Mor-
ton's Traveller, &c.

FIRE, b. f. by Roanoake, dam Wakefield.

J. Randolph.

EUSTON, b. f. by Roanoake, dam by Gracchus.

John Randolph.

FORTUNE, ch. f. [by Imp'd] Star, dam Anvelina.

S. Carolina. James B. Richardson.

FLORA HAMILTON, b. m. by a son of old Hamiltonian, (by Diomede,)

dam by Old Hamiltonian, g. dam [by Imp'd] Spark, &c.
GATEWOOD, alight b. m. [by Imp'd] Buzzard, dam by Melzar, Shark,

Union, &c.

Lexington, Kentucky. E. Warfield.

GRAFTON, b. f. by Roanoake, dam Wakefield, &c.

J. Randolph.
HAGGWJ, br. m. by Blackburn's Whip, dam Blackburn's Buzzard, g.

dam by Celer, &,c.
. HARRIET, b~f. f. by Sir Hal, dam Miss Waxy, g. dam by Saltram, &c.

Petersburg. Wm. Haxall.

JEFFERSON, ch. f. by Diomede, dam Johnson's Medley mare, &c.

MADISON, ch. m. by Lurcher, ([by Imp'd] Bedford,) dam by Ver-
mont, (a son of Deceus, a son of Old Celer,) her dam by Fearnought,

Old Shark, &c.

Wm. R. Johnson.

MUNROE, ch. f. by Precipitate, dam

SF.RAB, b. f. [by Imp'd] Serab, dam Agnus, by Sir Solomon, &c.

1830.

MAKELESS, b. f. by Spread Eagle, dam Hebe by Dare Devil, &c.

v J. Hoomes.

MAKSKE, b. f. by Bedford, dam Gasteria.

MIDDLETON, b. f. by Cormorant, clam Janette by Mercury, &c.

MIDWAY, ch. rn. by Kosciusko, dam Ruth by Big Ben, Psyche, &c.

B. F. Taylor.

MONEY MAKER, b. f. by Speculator, dam Milksop by Coeur de Lion.

J. Hoomes.

AMERICAN STUD BOOK. 367

MISS PELHAM, b. m. by Virginian, dam Sugar by Constitution, g. dam
fby Imp'di Dragon — Atalanta, &c.

James Bleik.

— — PONE, cli. f. by Dare Devil, dam Milksop by Coeur de Lion, &c.
1306. «J- Hoomes.

pF.YTONrgr. m. by Gracchus, dam Telegraph by Old Wildair, &c.

1812.

RYLAND, g. in. by Gracchus, dam Duetta by Silvertail— Vanity by

Celer, &c.

1813. J- Randolph.

SLAMF.RKIX. (See Maria and Maggy Slamerkin.)

TUCKER, b. f. by Arab, dam [by Imp'd] Archduke, g. dam by Preci-
pitate, &c.

TUDOR, b. m. by Hyperion, dam Logania by Medley, &c.

1808. J. Randolph.
WAXY, by Sir Archy, dam [Imp'ld] Mermaid by Waxy out of Pro-
mise.

W. R. Johnson.

WALKER, en. m. by Tartar, (by Diomede,) dam [by Imp\l] Mufti -

Flag of Truce — Old Fearnought, &c.

Kentucky. E. Warfield.

MODESTY, by Hall's Union, dam Madge, (by Galloway's Selim,) g. dam
an [Imp^d] mare by Spot, &c.

Benjamin Lowndes.

ch. m. by Ridgley's Tuckahoe, dam Dairy Maid.

MOGGY, b. m. by Defiance, dam by Old Messenger.

1820.

MOHICAN, b. h. by Young Topgallant, dam by Telegraph, g. dam by Med-
ley, &c.

Dr. E. L. Botcler.
MOLLY ANDREWS, by Jack Andrews, dam by Dare Devil, &c.

Randolph Harrison.

MOLL BRAZEN, [Imp'd] by Spark, dam by Torismond, g. dam by second
brother to Snip, g. g. dam by Mogul, brother to Babraham, &c.

— by Spread Eagle, dam Nancy Medley.

Fredericksburg. James Smock.

MOLL or MOLLY, by Grey Figure, darn Old Slamerkin by Wildair.
MOL IN THE WAD, [/m/>VJ t>. by Sir Peter Teazle, dam the famous yel-
low mare by Tandem. Foaled, 1797.

Imp'd 1803. John Tayloe.

MOLLY PACOLET, [Imp'tZ] by Pacolet, dam by Old Spark, g. dam Queen
Mab, &,c.

Garrett Vanderveer.

MOLLY FISHER, b. in. by Janus, dam Gemimaby Bedford, g. dam Imp'd
Rachel by Drone.

1814. Gen. W. Hampton.

MOLO, c. c. by Timoleon, dam by Tom Paine.

O. Shelby.

MOLTON MARE, light b. by Molton— Fleetwood— [Tmp'd] Bashaw—
Imp'd Jolly Roger — Starling, &c. out of a thorough bred English
mare.

MONROE, [by fmp'd] Wonder, darn the dam of Madison.
MONSJEURtPNSON, (or Sir John,) by Pacolet, (by Citizen,) dam bj
Topgallant, g. darn by Grey Medley — Imp'd Oscar — Imp'd Fear
nought, &c. Thos. Watson.

MONOMIA, gr. m. by Bellair, dam Sweetest by Highflyer — Virago, £c
32 # J Tayloe.

368 AMERICAN STUD BOOK.

MONKEY, [lmp'd]by the Lonsdale Arabian— Curwen's Bay Barb— Byer
ly Turk. (This horse was 22 years old when imported, and stood
in Virginia and North Carolina, and got some fine colts.)
MONARCH, by Mark Anthony, and the pedigree of his dam side unex*
ceptionable.

New Kent, Va. 1775. Geo. B. Poindexter.

MOORE'S PARTNER. (See Partner Moore's.)
MERDANTO, b. [by Imp'd] Pantaloon, dam by Morton's Traveller— Bol-

ton — Monkey — Jolly Roger, &c.
MOREAU, by Bedford out of Miranda.

Gen. Ridgley.

YOUNG. (See Young Moreau.)

MOUNT AIRY, by Byron, dam Roxalana.

B. S. Forest.

MORTON'S TRAVELLER. (See Traveller Morton's.)
MORG1ANA, bl. f. by Sir Archy, dam by Sir Hal.

J. S. Garrison.

b. in. by Kosciusko, dam

Wm. Wynne.
MORGAN RATTLER, b. h. by Rattler, dam Iris.

1823. J. Lewis.

MORNING BRIDE, by Spread Eagle, dam Samuel Love's roan mare.

Edw. Carter.
MOUNTAIN LEADER, ch. s. h. by Old Wildair, dam a Mousetrap mare.

Chesterfield, 1803. Caleb Boush.

MOUNTAINEER, by Spread Eagle, dam Spot by Bedford, &c.

Wm. Dandridge.

ch. s. h. by Old Peacemaker, dam Jane by Knowsley.

1822. Walter Coles.

ch. h. by Contention, dam Iris.

J. Lewis.
MORVENNA, b. f. [by Imp'd] Syphax, dam Brenda.

J. J. Ambler.

MOSCOW, c. c. by American Eclipse, dam Die Vernon by Old Florizelle,
&c.

Yonkers, N. Y. 1826. W. Lyles.

MOSES, [by Imp'd] Sir Harry, dam by Waxey, g. dam by Imp'd Buzzard,
&c.

W. Haxhall.

MARE, br. by Moses, dam Lady Harrison [by Imp'd] Spread Eagle

— Herod, &c.

MOUSETRAP, or Jack Rap, [Imp'd] ch. h. by Young Marske out of Gen-
tle Kitty by Silvio, Dorimond — Portia by Regulus — Hutton's Spot —
Fox— Cub, &c. Foaled, 1787.
North Carolina, 1793.

ch. h. [by Imp'd] Mousetrap, darn by Imp'd Fearnought —

Partner — Imp'd Janus, &c.

MULATTO MARY, by Sir Archy,

MURAT, ch. c. by Old Madison, dam Maria Archy.

1826.
MULTI FLORA, b. f. by Old Sir Archy, dam Weazle by Shylock.

E. Irby.

ch. m. by Kosciusko, dam by Rosicrucian.

J. Atchison.

MUCKLE JOHN, by Sir Archy, dam the dam of Sir William by Bellair,
&G,

Reed.

AMERICAN STUD BOOK. 369

MUCKLE JOHN, by Muckle John, dam Black Eyed Susan by Potomac,

&c.
MUFTI, [fmp'd] was by Fitzherod, (he by King Herod,) Mufti's dam by

Infant, son of the Godolphin Arabian, g. dam by Whiltington out

of a full sister of Black and All Black, fifteen hands one inch high.

Foaled, 1775. John Tayloe.

MUSIDORA, by Archduke, dam by Dare Devil.

J. Tayloe.
MURDOCH, by Sir Charles, dam gr. m. by Bedford, her dam by Old Wil-

dair.

Chesterfield, Va. 1830. Charles Graves.

MUZZLE DIOMEDE, [by Imp'd] Diomede, dam by Hymen, by Clotus, by

Fearnought, &c.
MYRTILLA, br. f. by Marylander, dam Desdemona by Miner's Escape.

Foaled, 1828. Dr. Crawford.

nr.

NAMELESS, [Imp'd] b. m. by Felho da Puta, by Haphazard, out of Miss

Barnet, her dam Rosetta by Young Woodpecker — Dungannon •

Justice, &c. Foaled, 1825.

Imp'dl829. N. Y. Chas. Green.

NANCY, b. f. by Spread Eagle, dam

• b. m. by Ball's Fkuizelle, dam the Bedford mare Spot.

1814. Walter Coles.

ABNER, by Sir Archy, dam

AIR, [by Imp'd] Bedford, dam Annette by Old Shark, g. dam by

Rockingham — Gallant, &c.

Foaled, 1799. Died 1822. James B. Richardson.

AIR, b. m. by Virginius, dam Old Nancy Air.

J. B. Richaru'son.

BELL, by Fearnought, dam by Imp'd Miss Bell, &c.

BY WELL, [Imp'd] b. m. got by Matchem, dam by Goliah — Red

Rose — Curwen — Old Spot, &c.
COLEMAN, by Young Fearnought, dam Latonia by Old Partner, gr.

dam by Imp'd Jolly Roger, &c.

1806. J. Verrell.

CREIGHTON, by Francisco, dam Molly Andrews by Jack Andrews.

Messrs. Minges.
— DAWSON, by Lloyd's Traveller, dam Phillis (by Fearnought,) g.

dam a celebrated mare of Col. Baylor's by Imp'd Sober John.

Foaled, 1783. Wm. Scott.

DAWSON, b. by Eagle, dam by Bellair.

-MARTIN, ch. m. by Bolingbroke, dam by Bedford — Selim — Tyler's

Independence, &c.

MEDLEY, by Old Medley, dam Mead's Oracle.

WHIRLIGIG, [by Imp'd] Figure, dam by Mark Anthony — Jolly Ro-

?r — Imp'd Mary Grey, &c.
O, c. f. by Pantaloon, dam Young Selima by Yorick.
1788. J. Tayloe.

NAOMI, ch. f. by Pulaski, dam by Young Wonder— Srnilax— Grey Dio-
mede<— Atalanta by Imp'd Medley.

NAPOLEON, br. b. by Imp'd Diomede, dam by Eclipse, g. dam by Mercu-
ry, &c.
1808. H. Cheshire.

• by Gouty, dam by Sir Harry, g. dam by Diomede — Flag e»

Truce, &c.

370 AMERICAN STUD BOOK.

NAPOLEON, ch. h. by Napoleon, (by Diomede,) dam by Florizelle.

by ImpV Wonder, dam by Diomede— Hart's Medley — out of

a favourite man. of Col. Selden's, &c.

S. M. Spangler.

by Sir Archy, dam by Sir Harry, g. dam by Dare Devil.

by Imp'd Punch, dam Luffborough's Selirua, the third by

by J

Hall's Eclipse,

( Killed 1 805. ) N. Luif borough,

-by Oscar, dam Letitia by Truxton.

Tennessee. A. B. Shelby.

NARCISSA, by Imp'd Shark, dam Rosetta by Wilkins' Centinel— Diana

by Claudius, &c.

J. J. Harrison.

by Wildair, dam Melpomone, g. ^am Virginia by Mark An-
thony—Folly Byrd, &c.

J. Hoomes.
NELLY SPARKS, br. m. by Bertrand, dam by Whip, (by Imp'd Whip)—

Bompard, &c.

Kentucky, 1828. Edw. M. Blackburn.
NELL GWYNN, ch. f. by Thornton's Rattler, dam Vixen by Trafalgar.
SAUNDERS, ch. m. by Wonder, dam by Imp'd Dare Devil — imp «J

Centinel, &c.
NETTLE, ch. m. by Wildair, dam Desdemona.

Dr. E. A. Darcy.

— full sister to Virago by Wildair, by Ajax.

A. F. Rose.
NETTLETOP, by Imp'd Spread Eagle, dam by Shark— Old Janus, &c.

out of a thorough bred mare.
— ch. m. by Trafalgar, (by Imp'd Mufti,) dam Netlletop by

Spread Eagle &c.

L. Berkley.
by Bellair, dam by Mark Anthony — Fearnought.

Foaled, 1794. Reeves.

< by Diomede, dam Betsy Lewis, &c.

Wm. Herndan.
NERISSA, b. f. by Roanoake, dam Jessica by Shylock.

1825. J. Randolph.

NEVERT1RE, b. f. by Roanoake, dam Endless.

J. Randolph.
NET, b. h. by Mountaineer, dam Lady Eagle.

1827. Walter Coles.

NIGHTINGALE, by Chanticleer, dam Winguryfeet, (by Jolly Roger,) g.

dam Melpomone by Burwell's Traveller.

NILI, bl. m. by Black and All Black, dam by Careless— Augustus— Pil-
grim— Fearnought, &c.

Tennessee. H. Baldwin, jun.

NIMROD, ch. c. by Baylor's Fearnought out of a Partner mare— Imp'd

Janus — Imp'd Jolly Roger.

Williamsburg, Va. 1775. Richard Taliaferro.

NOLI ME TANGERE, by Richmond, dam Noli Me Tangere by Topgallant.

1800. Dr. Thornton.

. by Topgallant, dam Castianira.

J. Tayloe.
NONPAREIL, dk. b. by Old Fearnought, dam by Janus, &c.

York Town, 1773. Thomas Lilly.

NORNA, b. f. by. Director, dam by Sir Harry— Bedford— Dare Devil—

Wildair, &c

AMERICAN STUD BOOK. 371

NORTH CAROLINIAN, by Virginian, dam by imp'd Dion, g. dam Betsj

Baker by imp'd Clown, Golden Figure, &c.
NORTHAMPTON, b. c. by Ogle's Oscar, dam Jane Lowndes.

Gov. Sprigg.

NORTHERN ECLIPSE, (See Eclipse Northern.)
NORTH EAST, b. c. by imp'd Highlander, dam Tulip by Ranger or Lind

say's Arabian.

1797. Thomas M. Foreman.
NORTH STAR, [Imp^d] b. by Matchem, dam Lass of the Mill by Oranoo-

ko, g. dam by Traveller — Miss Makeless by Young Greyhound.
Foaled, 1768. Thomas Peter.

NORVAL, dap. gr. by imp'd Spark, dam by Shakspeare, g. dam imp'd
Lady Northumberland.

John Rose.

NORTHUMBERLAND, by Bellair, dam by Wildair— Shakspeare, &c.

J. Tayloe
NULLIFIER, b. c. by Am. Eclipse, dam Roxana by Sir Harry, &c.

Messrs. Corbins.

o.

OATHMAN, b. c. by Selim, dam B, Ruler mare, (by Ruler in England,)

Turk, &c.
OAKLEY, ch. c. by Crusader, dam Josephine by Bedford.

S. Carolina, 1829. J. J. Moore

OBSCURITY, [Imp'd] dk. ch. got by O'Kelly's Eclipse, dam by Carele, „),

f. dam by Cullen Arabian, g. g. dam by North Country Diomede, &.j
'oaled, 1778. John Forman.

OCEAN A, b. f. by Bagdad, dam Florida by Conqueror — Rosemary, (South
all's mare,) by Diomede— Celia by Wildair.
1827. J. Southall.

OCTAV.IA, b. f. by Rockingham, dam Frederica by Escape.

Charles Tayloe
OCEAN, ch. o. by Timoleon, dam Anna by Truxton.

Tennessee, 1828.
OHIO, ch. h. by Bacchus, dam Crazy Jane, &c.

Cones.

O'KELLY, [Imp^d] b. by Anvil, dam by Eclipse, g. dam by Blank, g. g.
dam by Snip — Godolphin Arabian, &e.

1798. Thomas Reeves.

-by Virginian, dam by Bay Yankee, g. dam by sorrel Diomede

— Jet by Hay lies' Flimnap, &c.
OLYMPIA, bl. f. by Roanoake, dam Jet by Bluster.

J. Randolph.
OLIVIA, b. f. by Am. Eclipse, dam Brunette, (by Telegraph) out of Aibira

full sister to Defiance.
OROONOKO, b. c. by Hyperion, dam Minikin, &c.

1B10. John Randolph.

ORACLE, (MEAD'S,) [by Imp'd} Obscurity, dam by Citizen— imp'd Old

Partner — Janus — Valiant, &c.

ORANGE, b. m. by Cooper's Messenger, dam by Slasher, (he by Messen-
ger,) g. dam bred by Gen. Green of Philadelphia out of a Va. brea

mare, &c.
ORELIA, b. h. by Pacolet, clam by Truxon, g. dam Dr. Butler's Rosella

by imp'd Mendoza, &.c.
ORPHAN BOY, b. h. by Am. Eclipse, dam Maid of the Oaks, &c.

L'athgate & Purdy

372 AMERICAN STUD BOOK.

ORPHAN, b. c. by Cormorant, dam Darlington mare by Darlington.

by Ball's Florizelle, dam bv imp'd Diomede.

ONEA, br. f. by Pacotaligo, dam Virginia (^Coquette.)

1821.
ONORER, b. m. by Sir Archy, dam Black Ghost.

C. Ridgley.

OPHELIA, by Grey Diomede, dam Primrose by Apollo.
gr. in. by Gen. Ridgley's Little Medley, dam Ophelia by Grey

Diomede, &,c.

Gen. Ridgley.
OPOSSUM, g. m. by Shark, damby Old Twig-g.damby[/mp'c/J Fearnought

— Jolly Roger, &c.

Mark Alexander.
OPERNICO, b. b. [by Imp'd] Medley, dam by Lindsay's Arabian, g. dam

by imp'd Oscar, &c.

New Castle, Va. 1797. Nicholas Symme

OSCAR, [Imp'd] a deep sorrel by Young Snip, dam by Lord Morton's Aia-

bian, g. dam by Old Crab, g. g. dam by the Bald Galloway, &c.

Cumberland Cy. Va. 1777. William Gay.
(OGLE'S,) b. h. [by Imp'd] Gabriel, dam Vixen by Old Med-
ley, g. dam Penelope by Yorick, &c.

Bellair, Maryland, 1800.
• [Imp\l] br. h. by Saltram, dam by Highflyer — Herod — Miss

Midrlleton by Regulus — Camilla by a son of Bay 13olton — Bartlett's

Childers, &c.

Foaled, 1795. William Lightfoot.

JI-N. by Ogle's Oscar, dam Edelin's Floretta by imp'd Spread

Eagle, &c.
Carlisle, Pa. 1822.

-dk. b. h. by Wonder, (son of Diomede,) dam Rosetta, (Rosy

Clack,) by Saltram, &c.
(Tennessee.)

-YOUNG, b. h. by Tuckahoe, dam by Ogle's Oscar, g. dam by

Medley, Cub, Tamerlane, &c.
Maryland, 1824. Charles Ridgley.

-Ir. gr. by Roanoake, dam Lady Eagle.

1829. Walter Coles.

OSSORY, b. c. by Old Rattler, dam Desdemona, &c.

J. Tayloe.

OTHO, dk. b. h. [bylmp^d] Shock, imp'd Morton's Traveller, imp'd Jus-
tice, imp'd Juniper, imp'd Othello, imp'd Childers out of a thorough
bred mare purchased from the stud of King George II.
Foaled, 1765. George Branham.

OTHELLO or BLACK AND ALL BLACK, [7/rcp'd] a beautiful black got
by Portmore's Crab, out of the Duke of Somerset's favourite mare
Miss Slamerkin, &c.
Foaled, 1743. Imp'd 1755-6. Gov. Sharpe, (Maryd.)

P.

PACKINGHAM, by Florizelle, dam by Magog, g. dam by Flimnap— Mark

Anthony, &c.
PACIFIC, b. h. by Sir Archy, dam Eliza, (full sister of Gallatin,) by imp'd

Bedford out of imp'd Mambrino, &c.

Nashville, Tennessee. D. W. Sumner.

PACOTAT1GO, [by Imp'd] Bedford, dam Milksop by Justice.

AMEHICAN STUD BOOK. 373

PALAFOX, by Express, dam by Cub — Heath's Chilcfers — do. Traveller-
Old Dove— Othello, &c.

-, .-. — . gr. h. bv Old Diomede, dam Eppes' Tippoo Saib mare, <5Lc.

PACOLET MARE, [imp'd] by Pacolet, dam Whiieueck by Crab-^Godol-
phin Arabian — Conyer's Arabian, &c.

imp'd into Pennsylvania. Hiltzheimer.

-by Pacolet, dam by Dragon, g. dam by Truxton — Bompard— -

Pillgarlick, &c.

Tennessee, 1824. Reuben Cage.

PACOLET, by Old Pacolet, dam by Albrack, (by Truxton.)

St. Louis, Mobile. B. McMenomy.
(OLD,) [by Imp'd} Citizen, darn by Tippoo Saib, (the darn of

Palafox by Old Diomede, Wilkes' Wonder, &c.) Died 1825, iged

17 years.

Simmer Cy. Tennessee. Geo. Elliott.

-ALABAMA, by Old Pacolet, dam by imp'd Whip, Old Shark,

Shakspeare, &c.

PANDORA, by Bellair, dam by Soldier, g. dam by imp'd Oscar, Merry
Tom, &c.

E. A. Massey.

or SALLY GEE, b. f. by Archy, dam a Citizen mare, dam of

Marion.

WTest.

II. by Gov. Wright's Silver Heels, dam Equa.

P. Wallis.
by Grey Diomede, dam the dam of Floietta.

Gov. Wright
-by Hart's imp'd Medley, dam by Lonsdale out of Braxton's

inip'd Kitty Fisher.

-b. m. by Palafox, dam by Wonder, Snip, imp'd Bedford, <fec.

Louisiana. James Chambers.

PANTALOON, [Imp'd} b. by Ring Herod, out of W. Fenwick's Nut-
cracker who was by Matchem, &c.
Foaled, 1799, Brandon, Va. 1787. Benjamin Harrison.

• [Imp'd] b. h. by Matchem, dam Curiosity by Snap — Regulua

— Bartlett's Childers — Houey wood's Arabian, dam of the two True
Blues. 1707.

PANTONIA, by Bedford, dam by Dare Devil— Shark— Pilgrim, &c.

John D. Macklin.

PARROT, b. f. by Roanoake, dam Paroquet.

1811. J. Randolph.

PAROQUET, b. f. by imp'd Merryfield, dam Popinjay, Bourbon's dam.
1819. J. Randolph.

PARTNER, [Imp'd] b. h. by the Duke of Hamilton's Figure, Old Figure-
Standard, &c. Partner's dam was Britannia, full sister of Col. Hop
per's Pacolet, g. dam Queen Mab, &c.
Hanover, Morris Cy. John Blanchard.

(MOORF.'S,) [Imp'd] by Croft's Partner, dam (sister to Starling)

by Bay Bolton son of the Brownlow Turk by the Pulliarn Arabian,
&c.

(OLD,) by Morton's Traveller, dam Tasker's imp'd Selima.

1760.

b. c. by Roanoake, dam the dam of Wildfire.

J. Randolph.

J. Kanciolpn.

ARAGON, g. h. by Spread Eag.e, dam by Bellair out of Andrew Mead's
Oracle.
1808. Ralph Wormley

374 AMERICAN STUD BOOK.

b. h. by Virginia Eclipse, dam Virginia by Timoleon of Ma-
ryland out of the Maid of Oakland by imp'd Stirling, &c.
1829. Captain Geo. H. Terrell.

by Timoleon, dam by Brutus, (by Bellair,) g. dam by Old Di-

omede, &c.

(Huntsville, Ala.) Gabriel Moore,

-by Old Flimnap, dam Camilla by Burwell's Traveller, &c,

Sold to Col. Fenwick.

Foaled, 1788. W. Hampton.

— MARE, by imp'd Buzzard, dam by Columbus, (by imp'd Pan-

taloon,) out of Lady Northumberland, g. dam by Paragon, &c.
PARTNERSHIP, ch. h. by Volunteer, dam Rosy Clack by imp'd Sal tram

— Camilla by Old Wildair, &c.

Arthur Cotton.

b. c. by Ogle's Oscar, dam

PATRIOT, by imp'd Fearnought, dam by Fearnought, g. dam by Aristo-
tle, g. g. dam by Valiant, &c.
PATTY SNAGGS, ch. f. by John Richards, dam Selima by Topgallant, &c.

P. Wallis.
PATSY WALTHAL, by Medley, dam Maria by Diornede, g. dam by

Bellair, &,c.

H. Haynes.
PAUL JONES, by Specimen, dam by imp'd Wildair, (which was taken

back to England,) g. dam Delancy's Cub mare.

Gen. Morgan.

YOUNG, (See Young Paul Jones.)

— ch. by Sir Charles, dam by Tom Tough— Ball's Florizelle,

imp'd Hamilton, &c.

Jefferson, Cy. Va. S. & J. Strider.

PAUL, [/mp'rf] ch. fifteen hands high, by Saltram, dam Virago by Snap,

Paul's dam Purity by Matchem, g. dam the Old Squirt mare.

Powhatan, Va. 1807. Thomas Harris, Jun.

PAYMASTER, [Imp'd} b. by Old Paymaster, dam by Otho— Herod— Duke

of Northumberland's Arabian out of own sister to Skim, &c.

York River, 1791. Henry Norriss.

N. B. No runners from this horse.
PARALLEL, by Virginia^, dam by Medley.
PARIS, by Highflyer, dam a Cade mare.
PART1ZAN, a light bay by Virginian, dam Diomedian by Am. horse SaJ-

tram, (son of imp'd Diomede,) gr. dam by Hendrick's Celer (son of

Mead's Old Celer.)

Horace Royster.
PAMUNKEY, by Am. Eclipse, dam Bellona by Sir Archy— g. dam by Sir

Harry — Melzar, &c.

Thomas Doswell.

PEACOCK, (YOUNG'S) by imp'd Citizen — imp'd Sterling — imp'd Mouse-
trap, &c.
(RANDOLPH'S,) b. c. by Roanoake, dam Roanoka.

1828.

-(BERKLEY'S,) by Old Janus, dam an imp'd Spanish mare.

PEACE MAKER, dk. b. h. by imp'd Diomede, dam Poll by Young Black
and all Black, out of a Mercury mare, g. d. Nanny by Black and all
Black, g. g. dam by imp'd Oscar — Old Partner, &c.
1807. J. Tayloe.

. by Old Volunteer of Tennessee, (he by Gallatin,) dam by Old

Peace Maker — Dutchess by Coeur de Lion, <fcc.

AMERICAN STUD BOOK. 387

SHREWSBURY, by Hamilton's Figure, dam Thistle by imp'd Dove, g.

dam Stella by imp'd Othello.
NAN, br. by Bajazett, darn by Lloyd's Traveller, g. dam imp'd

mare by Babraham.

1784. T. M. Form an.

SHYLOCK, b. h. by imp'd Bedford, dam by Old Diomede, g. dam by imp'd

St. George, Fearnought, Jolly Roger, &c.

Edrn. Irby.
MARE, by Shylock, dam by Sting, g. dam Cades by Worniky's

King Herod by imp'd Fearnought, &c.
SIDI HAMET, br. b. by Virginian, dam Lady Burton by Sir Archy, &c.

Foaled, 1825. ' S. Davenport.

SIGNORA, b. f. by Roanoake, dam Miss Peyton.

1824. J. Randolph.

SILK STOCKINGS, cli. h. by Ogle's Oscar, dam Maria Slamerkin by First

Consul.

SILVER, [Imp'd] dap. gr. by Mercury, (who was by Eclipse,) dam by He-
rod, g. dam Young Hag by Skim, Crab, Childers, Basto, &c. (Did

not succeed as a stallion.)

John Drew.
-MARE, [Imp'd] by Belsize Arabian.

Surry Cy. Va. Wm. Evans.

SILVER EYE, [Impd] got by Cullen Arabian, dam by Curwen's Bay
Barb, Curwen Spot, White Leggs, &c.

Duvall.

-ch. h. by imp'd Silver Eye, dam an imp'd mare.

SILVER LEGGS, by Morton's Traveller, dam Jenny Cameron, &c.

1770.

SILVER HEELS, dap. gr. by Ogle's Oscar, dam Pandora by Grey Dio-
mede.

Robert Wright.

by John Richards, dam by Sir Solomon, g. dam Trumpeter.

N. J. 1828. J. Davison.

by Jolly Friar, Whitacre's Mark Anthony, Lee's Old Mark

Anthony, Spadille, imp'd mare.
SILVER TAIL, by imp'd Clockfast, dam Young Primrose by Wormley's

King Herod, &c.
by Sir Archy, dam Coquette.

1829. Thos. Branch.
by Old Tanner, dam by Selim, Panton's Arabian, &c.

1781.
SIR ARCHY, or ROBERT BURNS, b. h. by Old Diomede, dam imp'd Cas-

tianira.

J. Tayloe.
ARCHY, jun. b. h. by Sir Archy, dam by Albemarle, (son of Diomede)

out of i'enelope by Shark.
ARCHY, b. h. by Sir Archy, dam Transport by Virginius, &c.

Kentucky. William Dickey.

ARCHY YOUNG, (See Young Sir Archy.)

ARCHY, (Moore's,) by Amis' Old Sir Archy, dam by Little Driver,

imp'd Bay Richmond, Janus mare, &c.

i ARCHY MONTARIO, by Sir Archy, dam Transport by Virginius

AARON, ch. c. by Tormentor, dam by Revenge.

Parker.

ANDREW, gr. by Marske, (by Old Diomede,) dam Virago by imp'd

Whip, Partner, &c.

Georgia, 1816. John Thomas.

388 AMERICAN STUD BOOK.

SIR ANDREW bl. c. by Thomas' Sir Andrew, dam Black Eyed Susan by
Potomac. 1826.

ARTHUR, by Sir Archy, (Old.) dam Green's Old Celer mare, &c.

W. R. Johnson.

ARTHUR MARE, ch. by Sir Arthur, dam Sally Nailor.

ALBERT, by Rattler, dam Laura by Col. Lear's irnp'd Barb horse.

— ALFRED, g. by Sir Andrew, dam Lady Alfred, (Haxall's) dam of

Waxey, &c.

George A. Rudd.

ALFRED, b. by Sir Harry, dam Lady Chesterfield.

Wm. Haxall.

ALFRED YOCNG, (See Young Sir Alfred.)

BOLINGBROKE, by Selden's Old Superior, dam by Hyde's imp'd Pre-
tender, Highflyer, Shark, &c.

H. Campbell.

CHARLES PINCKNEY, by Sir Charles, dam Pawnee.

CHARLES, ch. by Sir Archy, (Old,) dam by imp'd Citizen, g. dam by

Commutation, imp'd Dare Devil, imp'd Shark, imp'd Fearnought.

W. R. Johnson.

-, CHARLES, ch. by Duroc, dam Maria Slamerkin.

CHARLES, by Robin Adair, dam Black Eyed Susan by Potomac, &c.

James Hester.
DUDLEY, ch. c. by Rob Roy, dam an Oscar mare.

Simrnes.

HAL, br. by imp'd Sir Harry, dam by imp'd Saltram, g. dam by

imp'd Medley, Young Aristotle, &c.

HARRY, [Imp'ci] br. by Sir Peter Teazle out of Matron by Alfred, g.

dam (dam of Pilot,) by Marske, Regulus, Steady, Palmer, Grey-
hound, &c. foaled, 1794.
Petersburg. Wm. Haxall.

HARRY, ch. by Bussora Arabian, dam imp'd Maria by imp'd Lively,

Selim, &c. " Van Ranst.

HARRY, by Diomede, dam by Obscurity.

Halifax. J. Nelmes.

= — HENRY, by Pacolet, dam Madam Tonson. \

HENRY, by Sir Archy, dam by Diomede — Bellona by Bellair, &c.

HUMPHREY, by Old Tuckahoe, dam the dam of Maryland Eclipse.

JAMES, dk. bl. b. by Sir Archy, dam by Diomede, Pilgrim, Old Fear.

nought, &c.

JOHN MOORE, by Young Bedford, dam by Melzar, g. dam Betsy Ba

ker by Medley, &c.

LOVELL, b. h. by Duroc, dam Light Infantry by Messenger.

PETER TEAZLE, [Imp'd] b. h. by Old Sir P. .Teazle/dam Lucy by Con

ductor, Spectator, Blank, Flying Childers, &c.

PETER, by imp'd Knowsley, dam by Bellair, Wildair, Vampire, imp'd

Kitty Fisher, &c.

PETER, br. h. by John Stanley, dam Lady Chesterfield.

PEYTON, by Shylock, dam by Citizen.

ROBIN, by imp'd Robin Redbreast, dam by imp'd Dare Devil, Shark,

Apollo, &c.

RICHARD, gr. h. full brother to Monsieur Tonson by Pacolet, &c.

Tennessee, 1830. Thos. Forall

RICHARD, by Sir Archy, dam Lady Jane, g. dam Anvelina.

SOLOMON, by imp'd Tickle Toby, dam Vesta by Dreadnought, Clock

fast, &c. Died 1829.

1805. James Macklin.
SOLOMON YOUNG, (See Young Sir Solomon.)

AMERICAN STUD BOOK. 389

SIR WILLIAM, by Amazon, dam Black Eyed Susan by Potomac, &c.
WILLIAM, ch.|h. (Clay's) by Sir Archy, dam by Bellair, g. dam by Pil-
grim, &.C.

L. Long.

WILLIAM, by Sir Archy, dam Transport by Virginius, &c.

J. B. Richardson.

WILLIAM WALLACE, by Sumpter, dam by Whip (of Kejrty.)

WM. WALLACE, ch. h. by Oscar, dam

Van Meter.
WM. WALLACE, by Kosciusko, dam Piainingo, her dam Lee's Old

Va. mare.

Kentucky. E. M. Blackburn.

SIMON PURE, bl. h. by Sir Archy, dam Philadelphia.

J. Randolph. .
SKIM, (Alias FARMER or Lord Portmores' Skim,) [Imp'd] gr. by Starling

out of Miss Mayes by Bartlet's Childers.

Foaled, 1746.
SKY LEAPER, br. b. by Sir James, dam Vixen by Trafalgar.

SCRAPES, by Lamplighter, dam Miss Doe.

' Aliens.

SLAMERKIN, (See Maria Slamerkin and Maggy Slamerkin.)
SLENDER, [ImjSd] b. by King Herod, dam Rachel by Blank, g. dam by

Regulus, Sore Heels by Basto, Makeless, &c. Foaled, 1779.

Sans Souci, N. Y.

b. in. by Sir Charles, dam Reality-by Sir Archy.

W. R. Johnson.
SLIM, [Imp^d] a dk. ch. by Wildman's Babraham, dam by Roger's Babra-

ham, g. dam by Sedburv out of Ebony, <fcc.

Marcus Hook, N. Y. 1775. A. Dick.

SLOVEN, [Lnp'd] bl. h. foaled 1756 by Cub, dam by Bolton Sterling, Go-
dolphin Arabian, Bonny Black, &c.
SLOE, by imp'd Partner, dam (Nelson's) imp'd Blossom.

Thos. M. Forman.
SLIP JOINT, b. c. by Messenger, dam Temptation, g. dam by Heath's

Childers, &c.
SMILAX, ch. m. by Grey Diomede, dam Atalanta by Old Medley.

James Blick.
SMILING BILLY, by Ariel, dam by Tasker's Othello, g. dam by Spark,

&c.

1767. H. Duvall.

SMILING TOM, ch. c. by Coeur de Lion, dam Betsy Baker by imp'd

Spark, <fcc. 1806.

by Tom Jones out of an imp'd mare.

1775. '

SNAP, by imp'd Figure, dam Gen. Herd's Nettle.
SNAP DRAGON, br. h. by Collector, dam by Fearnought, Spadille, Fa

bricius, &c.

Foaled, 1798-9. J. Tayloe.

SNIP, gr. c. by Roanoake, dam Blue Ruin.

J. Randolph.

• by Oscar, dam Britannia, &c.

SNOW STORM, b. h. by Contention, dam Roxanaby Sir Harry, g. aarn

by Saltram, Wildair, Fearnought, &c.

Foaled, 1825. E. Warfield, (Kenty.)

SOLDIER, ch. c. by Bedford, dam Raffle by Bellair.

1803. J. Hoomes.

390 AMERICAN STUD BOOK.

SOPHY WINN, b. m. by Blackburn's Whip, dam by Buzzard, g. dam by

Columbus, Celer, &c.

1822. E. Warfield.

SOURKROUT, [Imp'd] b. by Highflyer, dam Juvell by Squirrel, Sophia by

Blank, out of Lord Leigh's Diana by Second, &c. Foaled, in 1786.

Stood in Tennessee.

SOUTHERN ECLIPSE, (See Eclipse Southern.)
SPADILLE, [Imp'd] by Highflyer, dam Flora by Squirrel, Angelica by

Snap, Regulus, Bartlet's Childers, &c.

1784.

by Janus, dam an imp'd mare.

SPANGLOSS, by (Winston's) Junius, dam by Jolly Roger, g. dam by

Fearnought, &c.

1797. Benj. Toller.

SPARK, [Imp'd} was imp'd by Gov. Ogle, and given to him by Lord Balti-
more, who received him as a present from Frederick, Prince of

Wales; Spark's dam was Miss Colvill.

SPANKING ROGER, by Jolly Roger, dam imp'd Jenny Dismal.
SPECIMEN, by Old Fearnought out of Jenny Dismal.
SPECULATOR, (Imp'd} br. h. by Dragon, dam sister to Sting by King He-
rod, g. dam Florkelle's dam by Cygnet, g. g. dam by Cartouch, g. g.

g. dam Ebony by Childers, &c. Foaled, 1795.

Kentucky. ' R. J. B.
(LATE CONFESSOR,) by Shark, dam Fluvia by Partner, &c.

1795. J. Tayloe.
SPIRANZA, own sister to Saltram by Eclipse.

SPOT, [Imp'd] (See Young Spot.)

by Apollo, dam Jenny Cameron.

ch. c. by Shylock, dam by Buzzard, g. dam by imp'd Symme-
try, &c.

— by Bedford, dam by Cade, g. dam an Alfred mare.

SPOT MARE, [Imp'd] gr. by Lockhart's Grey Spot, dam by Traveller, g.
dam by Sedbury, Cartouch, Bartlett's Childers, &c. Imp'd 1765.
South River. ' John Craggs.

SPORTSMAN, b. h. by Bussora Arabian, dam Sportmistress by Hickory,
&c.
Boston. Ed. Eldridge.

bl. h. by Galloway's Selim, dam by imp'd Dove, g. dam by

Othello out of Tasker's Selima.

Prince George Cy. Maryland. F- Bowie.

SPORTMISTRESS, g. m. by Hickory, dam Miller's Damsel by Messenger,
&c.
Queens Cy. N. Y. 1818. Thos. Pearsall.

SPREAD EAGLE, [Imp'd] by Volunteer, (one of the best sons of Eclipse,)
his dam by Highflyer, Engineer, Cade, Lass of the Mill by Old Tra-
veller, Young Greyhound, &c. Foaled, 1792.
Bowling Green, Va. J. Hoomes.

SPRITE, ch. £ by Sir William, dam Maria Archy.

SPRING HILL, by Sir Archy, dam Miss Monroe by Precipitate, &c.

SQU1RTJLLA, b. f. by Boxer, dam Louisa by Eclipse.

1796. J. Tayloe.
STAFFORD, (See Rattler, alias Stafford.)

STANLEY, by Sober John, dam imp'd mare.
STANDARD, b. c. by Sir Archy, dam an Archy mare.

1829. Wray & Simple.

STAR, f Imp'd] dk. b. by Highflyer, darn by Snap, g. dam by Riddle by

Matchem. Foaled. 1785. Died 1811.

AMERICAN STUD BOOK. 391

STAR, bl. h. by Virginian, dam Roxana by Sir Hariy.

Win. R. Johnson.

STATELY, by iinp'd Sober John, dam imp'd Strawberry.
STAT1RA, [Imp^d] ch. m. by Alexander the Great, (sister to Lycurgus by

Buzzard,) Rose by Svveetbrier — Merleton by Snap.

Foaled, 1809. J. Randolph.

STELLA, b. f. by Marplot, dam Betsy Baker.

by Tasker's Othello, dam Selima, (sister of Galloway's Selim.)

STERNE'S MARIA, by (Gibbs1) Carlo, dam by Ridgley's Cincinnatus— L.

Beard's Badger out of Black Snake, &c.
STEUBEN, by Kosciusko, dam Irvina by Virginian— Pandora by Bellair,

&c.

1825. J. Ferguson.

STOCKHOLDER, b. by Sir Archy, dam by Citizen— imp'd Stirling— Har-
ris' Eclipse, &c.

b. h. by Stockholder, dam Bryant's Diomede mare.

MARE, by Stockholder, dam Pantaloon, g. dam by Magog, &c.

STORM, b. c. by Cormorant, dam Darlington mare by Darlington, &c.

1799. J. Hoomes.

ST. GEORGE, [Imp'd] br. b. fifteen hands three inches high, foaled 1789,

was got by Highflyer, dam by Eclipse — Miss Spindle Shanks by

Oman — Godolphin Arabian, &c.
ST. TAMMANY, full brother to Florizelle.

Alex. F.rRose.
ST. NI'CLAUS, b. c. by Roanoake, dam the dam of Arch Dutchess.

J. Randolph.
ST. PAUL, [Imp'd} ch. h. by Saltram, dam Purity by Matchem, out of-the

Old Squirt mare.

Foaled in 1791. Imp'd to Va. 1804. Harris.

STING, by Jack Andrews, dam Marigold by Dungannon, out of a thorough

bred mare.
STIRLING, [Imp'd] b. h. by Volunteer, dam Harriet by Highflyer, g. dam

by Young Cade, g. g. dam Childeikin by Second, out of the dam of

Old Snap, &c.

Foaled, 1792. J. Hoomes.
[Imp'd'] dap. gr. by the Belsize Arabian out of Mr. Simpson's

Snake mare, she by Snake out of the Duke of Cumberland's famous

mare, dam of Cato, &c. Foaled, 1762.

Surry County, Va. 1768. Wm. Evans.
b. h. by Carroll's Badger, dam Darnell's Primrose.

Bait. 1787. Wm. Patterson.

MARE, by Stirling, darn imp'd Mambrino.

J. Ferguson.
STRAP, [Imp'Jl b. h. by Bennington, dam by Highflyer— Tattler— Sn-i p.

&c. Foaled, 1800.

North Carolina, 1808. H. Cotton.

STRETCH, gr. f. by PoiSos, dam Thresher by Shark.
STUMP THE DEALER, by Old Diomede, dam by Shark.

1304. Tbos. Hainlin.
by Brj'an O'Lynn, dam by Grey Diomede— Old

Wildair — Spadille — Old Janus, &c.
SUKEY TAWDRY, b. f. by imp'd Stirling, dam Nancy Medley.

King Geo. Va. 1800. Charles Stuart.

SULTANA, by Black Sultan, dam Barb mare.

J. W. Eppes.
• •• by Spread Eagle, dam Orelia by Percy.

S. Carolina. Rich. A. Rapley

34*

392 AMERICAN STUD BOOK.

SULTANA, by Wildair. Delancy. *

SUMPTER, ch. by Sir Archy, dam by Robin Redbreast, own sister to the
dam of Rattler — Flying Childers, &c.

SUPERIOR, by (Cook's) Whip, dam a Union mare.

(Kentucky. E. M. Blackburn.

. , , b. h. by imp'd Diomede, dam Lady Bolingbroke.

1811. J. M. Selden.

MARE, gr. by Superior, dam by Quicksilver, g. dam by imp'd

Shark, &c.

West Tennessee. R.'C. Dickinson.

SURPRISE, by Old Sir Solomon, dam Potter's Oscar, Jun. by Ogle's Os.
car.

ch. c. by Americus, dam Calypso.

Foaled, 1801. Wm. Alston.

SUSAN, ch. m. by Bond's Sir Solomon, dam Columbia by imp'd Baronet
— Old Cut) — Partner, &c.

SUSAN FAVOURITE, gr. m. by Sir Hal, dam Wynnes' Young Favourite
by Bedford.

SUSAN MARY, b. m. by (Cook's) Whip, dam by Buzzard, g. dam Por-
ter's fine mare.

SUSANNA, ch.m.by,Multnoiner,dam by imp'd Knowsley, g. dam by Box-
er— Symmes' Wildair — Old Janus.

Wm. D. Taylor.

SUSSEX, by Sir Charles, dam a Sir Harry mare, dam of Kate Kearney,
&c. J. M. Selden.

SUWARROW, b. by Columbus, dam by imp'd Venitian — imp'd Figure —
Slamerkin by Wildair, &c.

SWEEPER, by imp'd Figure, dam by Tasker's Othello— Morton's Travel-
ler— Tasker's Sel'una, &c.
Prince Geo. Cy. Maryland, 1780. Joseph Pierce.

[Imp'd] bl. by Sloe, dam by Mogul — Partner — Coney Skins, &c.

Foaled, 1751. Imp'd into N. C.

SWEET ERIN, ch. £ by American Eclipse, dam Maria Slamerkin, &c.
New Jersey, 1829. Dr. E. A. Darcy.

SWEET SURRV, by Spadille, dam by Janus, g. dam by Jolly Roger-
Monkey, &c.

SWEETEST'WHEN NAKED, gr. m. by TattersalPe Highflyer in England,
dam gr. m. Virago, imp'd by Mr. Hyde. (She was foaled in Ame-
rica, and bred by Alexander Spotswood.)
1817. J. Tayloe.

SYLVIA, b. f. by Spencer's Moreau, dam Romp by Leander.

SYLPH, b. c. by Roanoake, dam Witch.

1828. J. Randolph.

SYREN, ch. f by Silver, dam Caroline by Eclipse.
Tennessee, 1800.

SYMMETRY, [/ropVJ ch. m. bred by Lord Clermont, foaled 1799, got by
Trumpeter, dam Young Doxy by Imperator, g. darn Old Doxy by
King Herod.

• b. f. by Gibbs' Flimnap, dam Brilliant mare.

1789.

T.

TALMA, gr. c. by Henry, dam Sportmistress by Hickory.

TANNER, [Imp'd] dk. b. h. by Cade, one of the best sons of the Godol

phin Arabian.

1765. Maryland. Dan. Wolstenholme.

AMERICAN STUD BOOK. 393

TANNER, by imp'd Tanner, dam Camilla by Othello.
TAKE IN, b. c. by Gracchus, dam Young Frenzy.

1823. John Randolpn,

TALLYHO, by Tuckahoe, dam by imp'd Diomede.
TARIFF, dk. b. by Sir Archy, dam Bet Bounce.

Wm. R. Johnson,

TARTAR, g. c. by Winter Arabian, dam Young Buzzard mare.
by Diomede, dam by Celer, g. dam by imp'b BayJRichmond.

Amelia, Va. James Hill,
b. C. by Bedford, dam Atalanta by Dictator.

Foaled, 1805.
MARE, by Flimnap, dam by Old Pharaoh, g. dam imp'd by Mt

Fenwicks, sen. got by Tartar — Young Sweepstakes.

Foaled, 1780. Edw. Fenwick.

TECUMSEH, by Sir Archy, dam the imp'd Gamenut mare out of Alle-

grante by Pegasus.

A. J. Davie.

by Rob Roy, dam Thistle by Oscar.

Dixoii.

by Florizelle.

TELEGRAPH, [Imp'd} br. h. by Sir Peter Teazle, dam Fame by Panta-
loon out of the dam of Diomede by Spectator, &c.

Foaled, 1795. Baldock.

b. h. by Lamplighter, dam by Old Wildair, g. dam by Rock-

ingham, &c.

King Wm. Cy. Va. 1800. Wm. Anderson.

by Old Wildair, dam Lagonia by Medley.

J. Randolph.
— — — by imp'd Spread Eagle, dam imp'd Janette by Precipitate,

&c.
TELEMACHUS, by Old Diomede,- dam by imp'd Dare Devil, g. dam by

Commutation — Damon, &c.

Brunswick, Va. Merrill.

ch. by Dungannon, (by Bedfrrd,) dam by Lawrence's Dio-
mede— Paris — Clodius, &c.
TEMPTATION, b. by Heath's Childers, dam Maggy Lauder by imp'd

Fearnought, &c.

1786. T. M. Forman.
TERROR, by Janus — Mark Anthony — out of an imp'd mare.
br. c. by American Eclipse, dam Lady Lightfoot.

1829. Stephens.

THADDEUS, by Ball's Florizelle, dam Dare Devil mare, g. dam by Old

Wildair, &c. Edm. Irby.

THALESTRIS, gr. f. by Elliot's Jerry, dam Cornelia Bedford by the Duke

of Bedford, &c.
THISTLE, by imp'd Dove, dam Stella by imp'd Othello, g. d. Tasker s

Selima.
ch. m. by Oscar, dam by imp'd Clifden.

Pr. Geo. Maryland. E. B. Duvail

THOR, b. h. by Diomede, dam by Wildair, g. dam by Clockfast, &c.

Philip Rodgers.

THORN, b. c. by Sir James, dam Nettletop.
THORNTON MEDLEY. (See Medley Thornton.)
THRESHER, gr. m. full sister to Opossum.

Messrs. Tayloes.
TIB, bv Sir Archy, dam by Old Celer, g. dam by Clodius, g. g. dam bj

imp'd Fearnought, &c.

394 AMERICAN STUD BOOK.

TICHICUS, ch. c. by Clifton, dam Miss Chance by Chance, &c.
TICKLE TOBY, [Imp'd] br. foaled 1785, got by Alfred, dam Celiaby He-

rod, out of Proserpine by Marske, &c.
TiMOLEON, ch. c. by Sir Archy, dam by imp'd Saltram— Old WHdair—

Driver, &c.
by Grey Diomede, dam Bonny Lass.

(Called Timoleon of Maryland.) 1830. W. Townes.

TIGER, by (Cook's) Whip, dam by Paragon, imp'd Figure, &c.
T1PPOO SAIB, gr. h. by Old Messenger, dam imp'd mare— (Thompson's)

Northumberland.

-by Lath, dam Brandon by Aristotle, &c.

1780.

— by Lindsay's Arabian, dam Lady Bolingbroke.

SULTAN, b. h. by Tippoo Saib, dam Rosetta by Bajazett.

TOBY, [Imp'd] ch. h. by Old Janus— Old Fox— Bald Galloway, &c. To-
by was full brother to Old Janus, &c.

N. Carolina. Col. Alston.

b. c. by Cannon's Ranger, dam Sally Baxter.

1822. T. M. Forman.

TOKEAH, ch. f. by (Dr. Thornton's) Don Juan by Rattler, dam Frederica

oy Escape, (Horn's.)

Messrs. Tayloes.
T. K. b. m. by a son of imp'd Wonder, dam Smilax.

1818. James Blick.

TOMASIA, by Young Alfred, dam ny Old Tom Tough— Lamplighter, &c.
TOM JONES, [Imp'd] gr. h. fifteen hands high, by Croft's Partner— True

Blue — Cyprus Arabian. Foaled, 1745.

Richmond County, Va. Sir M. Beckwith.

iy imp'd Tom Jones, dam Betsy Blazella by Blaze, &c.

Maryland, 1764
TOM, by imp'd Eclipse, dam an imp'd mare.

Richard Hall.
TOM TOUGH, ch. c. by imp'd Escape, (Horn's,) dam Fairy by Bedford,

&c.

MARE, by Tom Tough, dam by Lawrence's Diomede, g.

dam by Lamplighter, &c.
TOM TACKLE, br. c. by Archduke, dam Fairy by Bedford.

1805.

TOM PIPER, by Janus, dam Ethiopia by Bedford, (he by Teller's Bed-
ford,) g. dam by imp'd Bedford.

TOOTH DRAWER, b. c. by Dare Devil, dam Virginia by Medley, &c.

J. Hoomes.
TOPAZ, ch. c. by Rob Roy, dam Flora by Ball's F10rizelle.

1826. Joseph Lewis.
b. c. by Roanoake, dam Jet.

1828. John Randolph.

TOPGALLANT, b. h. by imp'd Diomede, dam by Shark— Harris' Eclipse

— Mark Anthony — Janus, &c.

Foaled, 1800. ' J. Tayloe.

b. by Topgallant, dam by Old Wildair — imp'd Black and

All Black, (or Othello.)

by imp'd Druid, dam by Bedford, (sire of Rosabella.)

TORPEDO, by Sir Alfred, dam by Potomac out of the dam of Madison

and Monroe.
TOUCHSTONE, [Imp'd] by Clothier, (by Matchem) out ofBethell's mare

Riet — Riot by Regulus — Matehem by Cade out of a Partner mare,

&c. darn's side not given.

AMERICAN STUD BOOK. 395

TRANSPORT, br. b. by Virginius, dam Nancy Air.

1812. J. B. Richardson.

TRAFALGAR, by imp'd Mufti, dam Calypso, sister of Bellair.

Lewis Berkley.
TRAFFIC, g. by Sir Charles, dam Sally Brown.

Thomas Doswell.
TRAVELLER, (Morton's) [fmp'd] b. h. by Partner, who was a grandson

of the Byerly Turk — Traveller's dam was by Bloody Buttocks, an

Arabian, Greyhound, Makeless, &c.

Richmond Cy. Va. 1754. Foaled, 1748.

(Strange's,) [Imp'd] was by Eclipse, see Charlemont, &c.

. (Lloyd's,) by Morton's Traveller, dam Jenny Cameron.

• (Southall's,) b. h. by Burwell's Traveller, dam an imp'd

mare.
(Burwell's,) by Morton's Traveller, dam by Janus, Lycur-

gus, &c.

ch. h. by Sir Charles, dam by Sir Archy, g. dam Whaley's

imp'd Sunflower.

-(Young,) by Morton's Traveller, dam Miss Colville.

1761. Col. Tasker.

TROUBLE, ch. c. by Duroc, dam Sportmistress, &c.

1821.

TROUBLESOME, b. c. by Monsieur, dam Jenny by Archduke.
TRIPS Y, by Figure, dam Homespun by Romulus, Venus by Hero, &c.

1800.
TRIMMER, by Hall's Eclipse, dam by imp'd Slim, Old Figure, &c.

Prince George, Md. 1791. Win. Lyles.

TRISTRAM SHANDY, by Morton's Traveller, dam by Old Janus out 01

a fine English mare.

Caroline Cy. Va. 1777. James Upshaw.

TRUE WHIG, by Fitzhughs' Regulus dam, dam of Apollo.
TRUE BLUE, [Imp'd] b. h. by Walnut, dam by King Fergus, Celia by He-
rod out of Proserpine by Marske.

Foaled, 1785. James Turner.

jh. by Tormentor, dam by Expedition, Sir Solomon, Honest

John, Messenger, (fee.
TRUE BRITON, b. by Tasker's Othello, dam Milley by Spark, and was

full sister to Col. Hopper's Pacolet, her dam Queen Mab.

1761.

TRUFFLE YOUNG, (See Young Truffle.)
TRUMPETTA, [Imp'd] b. m. by Trumpator, dam by Highflyer, g. dam by

Eclipse out of Vauxhall's dam, who was by Young Cade.

Foaled, 1797. J. Tayloe.
by Hephestion, dam Peggy by Bedford, g. dam imp'd Peggy

by Trumpator, &c.

1816.
TRUMPATOR, b. c. by Dragon, dam imp'd Trumpetta.

1804. J. Tayloe.
by Sir Solomon, dam by Hickory, g. dam imp'd Trumpetta.

Kentucky, 1829. Samuel Davenpoit.

TRUMP, chr c. by Janus, dam Last Chance.

J. Randolph.
TRUXTON, b. c. by Old Diomede, dam Nancy Coleman.

Andrew Jackson.

^RY ALL, by Morton's Traveller, dam Blazella.
TRY, b. m. by>np'd Wonder out of a Chanticleer mare.

J. M. Sdldea.

396 AMERICAN STUD BOOK.

TUCKAHOE, by Florizelle, dam oy imp'd Alderman, g. dam by Clock-
fast, &c.

Va. 1827. J. Wickharn.

• • b. h. by Tuckahoe, dam by irnp'cl Expedition, imp'd Slender,

Herd's ^Snap, &c.

N. Jersey. Corns. Cruser.

TUBEROSE, ch. f. by Timoleon, (sire of Sally Walker,) dam Rhodian by

Raclland's Diomede, <feo.
TULIP, ch. by Lindsay's White Arabian, (Ranger,) dam by imp'd Othello,

g. dam by Gorge's Juniper, &c. •

1782.
• ch. f. by Alexander, dam Maria Archy.

TURK, bl. c. by Arab, dam by Florizelle, g. dam Maria by Bay Yankee,

&c.
TUP, [Imp'd] b. h. by Javelin, dam Flaviaby Plunder, out of MibS Eustace

by Snap, $LC.

Foaled, 1796.
TWIG, by imp'd Janus, dam Puckett's Switch, also by Janus.

Thomas Hudson.

u.

UNCAS, ch. c. by Sir Archy Montario, dam Leocadia by Virginius.

1828. J. B. Richardson.

» • ch. c. by Stockholder, dam by Powhatan.

1827. O. Shelby.
UNION, (Hall's,) by imp'd Slim, dam by imp'd Figure by Dove by Othello,

out of Tasker's Selirna.

1777. Dr. Hamilton.

— — (Chesley's,) b. h. by Shakspeare, dam by Nonpareil, g. dam

by Morton's Traveller, <fec. 1783.

UNCLE SAM, b. by John Richards, dam Sally Baxter by Oscar, imp'd

Expedition, Old Cub.

1828. Thomas M. Forman.
"UPTON, b. c. by May Day, dam Jesse by Telegraph.

C. S. W. Dorsey.

V.

VALERIA, b. f. by Monsieur Tonson, dam Betsy Wilkes, &c.

1832. G. A. Blaney.

VALENTINE, [Imp'd] by Magistrate, dam Miss Forester by Diomede,

Alexander, the darn of Captain Absolute by Sweet William.

1826. Thomas Connagh.

VALIANT, [Imp^d] got by Dormouse, dam by Crab, Partner, out of Th waifs

dun mare.
VARIETY, b. f. by Wilkes' Potomac, dam Dutchess by Bedford, g. dam

Thresher.
VAMPIRE, [Imp'd] by Regulus, dam by Steady, son of Flying Childers,

«fec.

Foaled, 1757.

b. c. by Bedford, dam Britannia by Wildair.

J. Hoomes.
VANITY, b. f. by Sir Archy, dam by Old Medley, (full sister of Reality,)

(broke her neck on New Market track.)
r— b. m. by Celer, dam by Mark Anthony, Jolly Roger, Silver

Eye, &c.

AMERICAN STUD BOOK. 897

VANSICKLER, (Bela Richards',) b. c. by John Richards, dam Covert

mare by Am. Eclipse.
VAN TROMF, by Sir Hal, dam by Coeur de Lion.

Gen. R. Eaton.
VELOCITY, by Rob Roy, dam Simmes' (Mab) bay mare by Ogle's Oscar,

g. dam Edelin's Floretto, &c.

1827. Simms.

VILLAGE MAID, full sister to White Stockings by Silver Heels.
VENITIAN, ch. h. by Rob Roy, dam Maid of Patuxent by imp'd Magic,

g. dam Kitty Fox by Fox, and he by imp'd Venitian, &c.
[fmp'd] b. c. by Doge, dam by Matchem, her dam by Small

Bones, sister to Squirrel.

Foaled in 1774.

N. B. This horse was sent back to England.

VESTA, by Dreadnought, dam by Clockfast, Americus, Traveller, &c.
VESTAL, dk. br. f. by Monsieur Tonson, dam Fair Forester by imp'd

Chance, &c.

VETO, ch. c. by Contention, dam Columbia by Sir Archy.
VICTOR, ch. by Contention, dam by Minor's Escape, g. dam by Sans Cu-

lotte, Mahomet out of a thorough bred mare.
VICTORIOUS, by imp'd Fearnought, dam by Clevis, (he by Fearnought,)

g. dam by Hunting Squirrel. Imp'd by Gen. Nelson.
VIGNETTE, ch. f. by Sir Richard, (by Sir Archy,) dam Desdemona by

J. B. Richardson.
VIOLET FAME, by Contention, dam by Tom Tough, her g. dam by

Strange's Traveller out of a full bred Wildair mare.
VINCENTA, by imp'd Messenger, dam by imp'd Blender, g. dam by imp'd

Lath, &c.
VIOLA, gr. f. by Gallatin, dam Clio by imp'd Whip.

1820. Wade Hampton.

VIOLANTE, ch. f. by imp'd Young Peter Teazle, dam Selima by Spread

Eagle, &c. 1809. J. Tayloe.

VINTZUN, by imp'd Diomede, dam Maria by Clockfast, Maria by Regu

his, &c.

(Sold for $2,750.) Gov. Lloyd.

VIRAGO, [/wya'efj by Star, dam Virago by Panton's Arabian out of Crazy

by Lath, which was sister to Snip, &c.

Orange Cy. Va. Robert Young.

— ch. m. by imp'd Shark, dam imp'd Virago.

Foaled, 1791. J. Tayloe.
1 ch. m. by Wildair, (who was by Ajax,) dam by imp'd Ham

ilton, g. dam by Spread Eagle, &c.

A. F. Rose,
by imp'd Whip, dam by Partner a full brother to Thomas'

Queen of May, and out of a mare by imp'd Shark, &c.

Mann. Page.
VIRGO, br. f, by imp'd Sir Peter Teazle, dam Castianira.

J, Tayloe.

VIRGINIA, (Coquette,) by Virginius, dam Dorocles by imp'd Shark, Clock
fast, &c.

J. Ferguson.

gr. f. by Medley, dam by Pegasus, g. dam Sally Wright, &c.

1790. J. Hoomes.

—————by Dare Devil, dam Lady Bolingbroke.

Col. Selden.
by Old Mark Anthony, dam Polly Byrd.

898 AMERICAN STUD BOOK.

VIRGINIA, by Skyscraper, dam Polly Ready Money by Bowie's Circm

natus out of a Va. mare.
b. f by Marylander, dam Belinda by Escape, Bedford, Gas-

teria, &c.

E. G. Butler. -

• by Timoleon, (by Grey Diomede,) dam Maid of Oakland by

imp'd Stirling, Hall's Eclipse, &c.

ch. m. by Sir Hal, dam Beauty by Diomede, Virginia by Ma-
rylander, &c.

J. M. Selden.

LAFAYETTE, (See Janette.)

• TAYLOR, b. f by Sir Archy, dam Coquette.

"VVm. R. Johnson.

ECLIPSE or AMERICAN, by imp'd Eagle, dam Malvina by Pre-
cipitate, &c.

G. Chichester.

NELL, by imp'd Highflyer, dam by Gallant!

SORREL, ch. m. by Virginia Sorrel dam Black Selima by Fear-
nought.
1798. j. Tayloe>

SORRF.L, s. h. by Black and All Black, (Othello,) dam by Tay.

loe's Yorick, g. dam by imp'd Whittington, imp'd Silver Eye, &c.

P. Con way.
-WiNN, ch. by Charles, dam by Tom Tough, imp'd Hamilton,

Wildair, Fearnought, &c.
VIRGINIAN, b. h. by Sir Archy, dam Meretrix by Magog, Narcissa by
Shark, Rosetta by Centinel, Diana by Claudius, &c.

vTDrMFoaleci' 1815' J- J' Harrison.

VIRGIN! US, by imp'd Diomede, dam Rhea by Chatam, g. dam by Eclipse.

(who was the sire of Brimmer, Wilton Roan, &.c.) imp'd Shark

Silver Eye, &.c.

-ch. by Virginius, dam Transport.

T 18^6. j. B. Richardson.

VIOLANTE, s. m. by Sir Peter Teazle, dam Selima by Spread Eagle, &c.

' " J. Tayloe

VIVIAN GREY, Ir. gr. by Lonsdale, dam MegMerrilies by Trafalgar, &c.
VIXEN, full sister to Nettletop by Trafalgar.

L. Berkley.

; by Old Medley, dam Penelope by Yorick..

VOLANTE, [Imp\l] by Volunteer, dam Lava by Sulphur, e. dam Maria

by Blank, Snip, Lath, &c.

Foaled, 1797. Imp'd 1799. J. Hoomes.

VOLTAIRE, by Smiling Tom, dam by Silver Legs out of Moll Brazen.

Northumberland Cy. Va. 1781. J. Thornton.

VOLUNTEER, [Imp'd] ch. h. by Volunteer, dam by Whipcord, own bro-
ther to Woodpecker, Blank, Old Crab, Childers, &c.

1794. John Tayloe.
by First Consul, (by imp'd Slender,) dam by imp'd Arakoo-

ker, imp'd Messenger out of a Bashaw mare, &c.
b. c. by Bedford, dam imp'd Favourite. (Sold Mr. Morton of

Kentucky.)

1799. J. Hcomes.

W.

WABASH, by Sir William, dam by Eagle.
WAKEF1ELD, br. f. by Sir Hal, dam Grand Dutcness.

J. Randolph.

AMERICAN STUD-BOOK. 399

WALNUT, by imp'd Archibald, darn Cremona by Spread Eagle, g. dam

Gasteria by Balloon.
WARSAW, dk. cli. by American Eclipse, dam Princess by Sir Arcby, g.

dam by Peebles' Rattler, g. g. dam Dangola.
WASHINGTON, gr. by Pacolet, dam Old Rosy Clack by imp'd Saltram,

O. Shelby.

ch. h. by Timoleon, dam Ariadne by Citizen.

North Carolina, 1829.

-ch. by Rattler, (he by Sir Archy,) dam Lady Jane by

mp'd Obscurity, g. dam Molly by Grey Figure, &c.

— Dixon.
WAXEY, b. by Sir Archy, dam by Sir Alfred, g. dam by Haxall's imp'd

mare Primrose by Bu/zard.
WAVERLEY, b. c. by Sir Charles, dam Josephine by Flying Dragon, g.

dam. by Hamiltonian — St. George — King Herod, &c.

1829. Winchester, Va. J. M. Brome.

WEAZEL, by Shylock, dam Irby's Dare Devil mare.

ch. f. by imp'd Wrangler, dam Thresher.

Mark Alexander.
WEDDING DAY, (The) r. h. by Bellair, dam by Fearnought.

Foaled, 1791. J. Tayloe.

WEEFIAWK, by Slmwnee, dam by Gallatin.
WHALEBONE, br. c. by imp'd Alderman, dam Atalanta by Hart's Old

Medley.

WHIG, by Fitzhughs' Regulus out of the dam of Apollo.
WHIT, [Imp'd] br. b. fifteen hands three inches high, got by Saltram, his

dam by King Herod, g. dam by Oronooko — Cartouch, &c-

Foaled, 1794. Imp'd 1801. Richard Bland

(COOK'S) by imp'd Whip, dam by Spread Eagle — Bellair, &c.

WHIRLIGIG, [Jmp'd] dk. b. fifteen hands high, by Lord Portmure's horse

Captain, he by Cartouch, &c. his dam by the Devonshire Blacklegs,

son of Flying Chilcters, &c. 1774.

WHITE FEATHER, by Conqueror, dam by Diomede.

L. Long.
WHITE LEATHER, b. c. by Roanoake, darn Everlasting.

1824. J. Randolph.

WHITE STOCKINGS, by Silver Heels, dam Snip by Oscar out of Bri

tannia, &c.

Maryland. Robert Wright.
WHISTLE JACKET, by Diomede, dam Lucy Locket by Bellair, &c.
blood b. by imp'd Monkey — imp'd Silver Eye — Mor-
ton's Traveller, &c. out of a thorough bred imp'd mare, &c.

Capt. Tinnesvvood.

WHISKEY, by Chanticleer, dam Poll by Partner.
(WASHINGTON'S) g. by Saltram, dam by Bellair, g. dam by

Wildair — imp'd Driver, &c.
WHY NOT, b. h. by Old Fearnought, dam by Othello, g. dam by Spark,

<tc.

Gloucester, N. Jersey, 1780. ' James Tallman.

WILDA1H, [Imp'd] b. h. (foaled in 1753, and imp'd in 1764,) was got by

Cade out of the Steady mare, her clam by Partner — Greyhound—

Matchless, &c. Wildair was imp'd by Mr. Delancy of New York,

and afterwards reshippecl to England.
(SvMMKs') br. b. h. by Old Fearnought, dam by Jolly Roger out

of Kitty Fisher, &c.

Rocky Mills, Hanover Cy. Va. Col. John Symmes.

35

400 AMERICAN STtlD BOOK.

WILDAIR, (SIMS') b. h. by imp'd Wildair, dam by Ariel, g. dam by imp'd

Othello, &c.

Maryland, 1778. Col. Jos. Sims.
by John Symmes' Wildair, darn by Handell, g. d. by Camden

— folly Roger, &c.

Forks of Hanover, Va. 1804. John Thornton.
by Ajax, dam by Knowsley, g. dam by Highflyer, g. g. dam by

Old Wildair, &c.

R. Walker.
-(JONES') blood b. by Symmes' Wildair, his dam by Flimnap out

of a Fearnought mare.

Wylie Jones.
)f Old

by Rochester, (a son of Cripple; who was a son of Old Janus,)

dam by Butler's Fearnought, by Old Fearnought, &c.
Tennessee.

WILD MEDLEY. (See Medley Wild.)

WILD FIRE, b. f. by Roanoake, dam Wildfire by Gracchus.

J. Randolph.

by Gracchus, dam Everlasting by Sans Culotte.

J. Randolpn.

WILD CAT, ch. m. by Play On, (who was full brother to Stump the Deal
er, and by Old Diomede,) dam by Mercer's Janus — Shark, «fcc.

Win. D. Taylor.

WILD DEVIL, b. h. by Old Dare Devil, dam by Symmes' Wildair— Rock-
inghain — Spanking Rodger, &c.
Hanover Town, Va. 1803. John Anderson.

WILTONIA, by Stirlingj-dam Little Molly by Medley.

Wm. Randolph.

WINGY FEET, by Ruffin's Jolly Roger, dam Melpomone.

WILBERFORCE, br. c. by Pacotaligo, dam Miss Crawler.

WINDFLOWER. (See Bernadotte.)

WITCH, ch. in. by Gracchus, dam Everlasting, &c.

J. Randolph.

WITCHCRAFT, b. c. by Roanoake, dam Witch, &c.

J. Randolph.

WINTER ARABIAN. (See Arabian Winter.)

WONDER, [Imp'd] dk. ch. h. fifteen hands three inches high, got by Phe-
nomenon out of Brown Fanny by Old Diomede, g. dam by Marskc
— Skim — Crab— Childers — Basto, dec.
Foaled, 1794. Imp'd in 1802.

by imp'd Diomede, dam by Tippoo Saib — Brimmer — Silver

Eye — Jolly Roger mare, &c. Wilkes.

. br. c. by Old Flimnap, dam Kitty Fisher by Os<v»r.

- by imp'd Wonder, dam by Diomede.

1815. G. R. A. Brown.

WORMWOOD, gr. c. by Sir Archy, dam a Clifton mare.

WOOD LARK, b. f. by Roanoake, dam Paroquet.

J. Randolph.

WOODPECKER, ch. by imp'd Dragon, dam (Irby's) Dare Devil mare-
Old Wildair — Fearnought, &c.

1804. C. Sallard.
WOOSKY, ch. f. by Dragon, dam Raffle by Bellair.

1805. J. Hoomes.
WORTHY, g. m. by Sir Hal, dam by Sir Archy.

Maryland, 18 J 4. J. Powder, jun.

WRANGLER, by imp'd Diomede, dam Lady Bolingbvoke.

Col. Selden.

AMERICAN STUD BOOK. 401

WRANGLER, bl. b. by Sir Alfred, dam Clio by Sir Archy— Beauty by
Diornede — Virginia by Dare Devil, &c.
1824. C. W. Van Ranst.

— [Imp'd] b. h. by Diomede, dam Sir Charles Sedbury's Flea-
catcher by Gold Finder — Squirrel, &c.
Foaled, 1794.

WREN, b. m. by Thornton's Rattler, dam by Sir Archy, g. dam Noli Me
Tangere, e. e. dam Castianira, &c.

G. A. Blaney, U. S. A.

WYANDOTT, ch. by Platt's Alexander, dam Honest Jane — Alexander by
imp'd Bedford — Honest Jane by imp'd Honest John.

Y.

YANKEE DOODLE, by Virginian, dam the dam of Maid of Lodi.

J. J. Harrison.

YANKEE MAID, ch. f. by Sir Archy, dam

YARICO, by Medley, dam by the Pennsylvania Farmer, g. dam by Pega
sus, g. g. dam by Bolton.

1790. J. Hoomes.

YELLOW ROSE, ch. m. by Wildair, (by Ajax,) dam Pet.
YORICK, ch. c. by Bellair, dam Virginia Sorrel.

1795. J. Tayloe.

(OLD) by Morton's imp'd Traveller, dam imp'd Blazella by Blaze
(In England.)
1767. John Craigs.

MARE, ch. by (Old) Yorkk, dam by Lath, g. dam by Fearnought-
Sober John, &c.

D. Patterson.
YOUNG ARCH DUTCHESS, by Janus, dam Arch Dutchess.

J. Randolph.

ADELINE. (See Adeline Young.)

ALFRED, by Old Sir Alfred, dam Alaricus by Americus.

SIR ALFRED, ch. s. by Old Sir Alfred, dam Jane by Knowsley, &c.

Walter Coles.

SIR ARCHY, by Sir Archy, dam Virginia, full sister of Desdemona,

&c.

BEDFORD, by imp'd Bedford, dam by Harris' Eclipse.

BARONET, by imp'd Baronet, dam by imp'd Othello, g. dam by imp't?

Figure, &c.

BAJ-AZETT. (See Bajazett Young.)

BONNY LASS, by Old Jolly Roger, dam Hardirnan's Old Bonny Lass

BUSSORA, b. h. by Bussora out of a Duroc mare.

Canandaigua, N. Y. Col. Win. Blossom.

•~ CORMORANT, b. c. by Cormorant, dam Virginia Nr.U.

CLOWN, by imp'd Clown, dam Old Black Snake, g. dam by Nonpa-
reil.

DARE DEVIL. (See Dare Devil Young.)

DION, dam Bainbridge.

DRUMMER, b. c. by Drummer, dam Betsy Bsll, &c.

Hamburg, 1808. Thos. M. Forman.

DIOMEDE, by Tayloe's Grey Diomede, dam by imp'd Gabriel out of

Active by Chatam — out of Shepherdess by imp'd Slim, &oc.

Benjamin Ogle.

DIRECTOR, sor. h. by Old Director, (of Va.) dam by Tartar— Spread

&c.

402 AMERICAN STUD BOOK.

YOUNG DLIROC, b. by Old Duroc, dam by imp'd Gabriel, g. dam by

Lindsay's Arabian, &c.

Pennsylvania. John Snycler.
EAGLE, by imp'd Eagle, dam Arabella by Dare Devil out of a Clock-
fast mare, &c.

Richmond, Va. Samuel McCraw.

• —EBONY, [Imp^tT] gr. m. by Muley, (an Arabian,) dam by Panton's

Old Crab — Devonshire Childers — Basto — Black Barb, &c.

1762.
ECLIPSE, ch. by American Eclipse, dam by Old Bajazett, (formerly

Young Tanner,) g. dam by Old Mercury — imp'd Messenger, &c.

Cambridge, New Jersey. Edw. Long.
FAVOURITE, by imp'd Bedford, dam by imp'd Diomede — Bellair —

Clockfast, &c.
FEARNOUGHT, by Gay, dam by Old Fearnought, g. dam by the same,

g. g. dam by Jolly Roger.

FLORIZELLE, [7wj/>V.] (See Florizelle imp'd.)

FLORIZELLE, by Ball's Florizelle, dam Fair Maid by First Consul,

&c.

Gov. Sprigg.
FICHJRE, blood b. h. by imp'd Highflyer, dam by Old Figure, g. dam

by Camillus, &c.

FRENZY, by Gracchus, dam Minikin, &c.

J. Randolph.

^GRAND OUTGUESS, by Sir Archy, dam Old Grand Dutchess.

J. Randolph.

HICKORY, by Hickory, dam Lavinia.

JANUS, b. h. by Hynes' imp'd Janus, dam a Lycurgus mare — imp'c

Crawford — imp'd Justice, &c.

Wm. Hynes.

JANUS. (See Revenge, or Young Janus.)

• LOTTERY, by Sir Archy, dam Lottery by Bedford.

—MADISON, by Madison, dam Minerva by Diomede.

MEDLEY, by Cup Bearer, dam by Old Medley, g. dam by Hams'

Eclipse, Lonsdale, imp'd Shark.

Frederick Cy. Matthew Page.
MEDLEY, Ir. gr. by Bellair, dam by Pennsylvania Farmer out of a

Partner mare, &c.

Thomas Wells.

MOREAU, by Ridgley's Moreau, dam Virginia by Skyscraper, &c.

Spencers.

MINIKIN, by Gracchus, dam Old Minikin, &c.

J.R.
— NARCISSA, b. f. by Play or Pay, dam Old Narcissa by Wildair, &c.

1802. J. Hoomes.

OSCAR, (See Oscar Young.)

PAUL JONES, by Old Paul Jones, dam by Marius, (belonging to

Charles Carroll of Carrollton,) gr. dam by Old Silver Heels, Crab,

&c.

Samuel Norwood.

PACOLET, gr. by Pacolet, dam by imp'd Coeur de Lion, Juba, Pea-
cock, Old Partner, &c.

— — PEGGY, ch. m. by Gallatin, dam Trumpetta by Hephestion, g. dam

Peggy by Bedford.

Foaled^ 1821. W. Hampton, jun.

— - -POST BOY, by Ridgley's Post Boy, his dam out of the Mountain Filly,

sometimes called Selima

AMERICAN STUD BOOK. 403

YOUNG RANTER, br. b. by Ranter, dam a fine blooded mare.

- ROMP, (dam of Livingston's Camilla,) by Duroc, dam Romp by imp'd
Messenger.

- SHARK, by Shark, dam by Eclipse, g. dam by Eclipse out of Britannia.

- SF.I.IMA, by Old Fearnought, dam Ebony by Othello.

- SPOT, [Imp'd] ch. by Old Spot and he by Blank, Spot's dam by Ma) -
tindales' Regulus, Jig, Goliah, &c.
Lnp'd by Mr. Hyde of Fredericksbg.

- SIR PETER TEAZLE, [Imp'd] (See Sir Peter Teazle.)

SIR •SOLOMON, jun. by Old Sir Solomon, dam Maid of Northampton

by imp'd Clifden.

1823. Henry Lazier.

- SUPERIOR, by Superior, dam Pirate by Lamplighter, &c.

- TOM TOUGH, by Old Tom Tough, dam by imp'd Buzzard, g. dam by
Jones' Wildair.

- —TRUFFLE, [Imp'd] br. h. bred by the Duke De Guiche, was got by

Truffle out of Helen by Whiskey, her dan. Brown Justice by Jus-
tice, Old Truffle was got by Sorcerer out of Hornby Lass by Buz
zard, &c.

Orange Cy. Va. 1830. James Barbour.

-- TRAVELLER, (See Traveller Young.)

- TOPGALLANT, by Old Topgallant, dam by Shark, g. dam by Harris
Eclipse, Mark Anthony, &c.

- VIRGINIAN, b. h. by Virginian, dam by Enterprise (by FloiizelJe.)

- YORICK, by Tayloe's Yorick. dam by Figure, g. dam by Dove, Task-
er's Othello out of Selima, &c.

1783. Fielder Bowie.

Z.

ZABUD, by the Winter Arabian, dam by imp'd Spread Eagle, g. dam by
Sir Peyton, (by Shylock.)
Kentucky. R. J. Breckenridge.

ZAMOR, gr. by Silver Heels, (by Ogle's Oscar,) dam Aurora (by Vintzun,)
g. dam Pandora, (by Grey Diomede,) g. g. dam by Hall's Union,
Leonidas, &,c.

ZENOiMA, by Don Carlos, dam by George's Juniper.

ZEL1EKA, ch. m. by Gracchus, dam Miss Chance by imp'd Chance.

Messrs. Tayloes.

ZELIPPA, by Old Messenger, dam Dido by imp'd Bay Richmond, g. dam
Old Slainerkin, (by Wildair,) g. g. dam imp'd Cub mare, &,c«

35*

405

INSTRUCTIONS FOR TRAINING,

BY CHARLES DUVALL.

Let the horse be in good flesh when you put him up ; night and
morning walk him four miles, well clothed with one blanket and a
suit of horse clothes, for eight days ; water him between the walk-
ing with forty swallows ; feed him at nine in the morning, at twelve
o'clock, at six in the evening, and at nine at night, with three quarts
of oats and chopped corn, one-fifth chopped corn, giving him one
bundle of blades after feeding in the morning, at twelve o'clock, and
at six o'clock : after feeding at nine at night, give him two bundles
of blades. Let him be well rubbed before each feed with straw as
to his body, and his legs with woollen rubbers ; let him have a good
bed of straw ; let his feet and legs, night and morning, before you
take him in, be washed with warm water and Castile soap ; then
for eight days more, in the morning, gallop two miles before wa-
tering and one mile after, and in the evening one mile before wa-
tering and one mile after, clothing and rubbing before each feed as
before. After that prepare him for sweating, by feeding with two
quarts at six o'clock, and at nine o'clock the same, giving him no
blades, and having him well muzzled ; let him be well rubbed and
have a good bed of straw, always keeping his feet well stuffed with
cow-dung. Let your turf be kept well harrowed and soft. At
day-break take him to his training ground with three, four, or five
blankets, and his body-clothes ; let him go four miles, the first three
half-speed, the fourth mile at a sweeping rate with a tight rein,
and a rider not exceeding the weight the horse should carry. Then
strip him on the field, carefully scraping, rubbing, and brushing him
till dry ; then put on his usual clothes and walk him an hour ; then
take him to the stable ; then scald a gallon of bran, add cold water
to it till milk warm, and let him drink what he will of it. Then
let him be well rubbed and dressed ; then scald two quarts of bran,
and two quarts of oats ; mix them, putting among them a table
spoonful of flour of sulphur and as much antimony as will lie on a
cent, and let the horse eat it warm ; then take two bundles of
stemmed blades, and sprinkle them with salt and water, and give
him ; then take some warm bran and water and wash his legs, rub-

406 INSTRUCTIONS FOR TRAINING.

bing them dry with straw and woollen rubbers ; then leave him till
twelve o'clock J then feed as usual with three quarts at twelve ; at
four iu the evening brush him and let him walk an hour ; then wa-
ter him with water aired or branch water ; then walk him a quar-
ter of an hour, take him in and have him well cleaned and rubbed ;
then feed at six and nine with three quarts of grain ; then muzzle
him. In the morning after his sweat take him to the ground and
strip him as for a race ; then run him two miles with a tight rein,
and continue him two miles more in a loose ; then clean him and
rub him dry, ; clothe him and walk him till cool, then take him in,
wash his feet, and rub them dry, cleaning him, rubbing him, stuff-
ing his feet, and feeding as usual : so continue te gallop every night
and morning, as before directed, to wit : In the morning first gal-
lop two miles, second gallop one mile, and in the evening one mile
each gallop ; sweat every eight days. Train your colts in martin.
gales ; bleed after the first sweat, and if necessary after the second
sweat. Those are the rules I observe in training.

CHARLES DUVALL.

From which, the rules observed by Mr. Thomas Larkin, of Vir-
ginia, varied in these particulars : he feeds in the morning with
four quarts, at twelve with two quarts, and at night with four
quarts ; same blades as Mr. Duvall. Morning gallops first two milea
and a half, second two miles. Evening, gallops first two miles,
second one mile and a half. Sweats five miles, and brushes his
horse before he takes him in ; after cleaning, and rubbing, and dry-
ing him, two miles. He washes with cold water, except when he
sweats his horse, and waters after the horse comes in and is clean,
just before feeding, forty swallows morning arid evening, and twelve
swallows at twelve o'clock ; mixes a spoonful of sulphur in the
mash, after sweating, but no antimony ; walks before galloping,
two miles ; between the gallops, one mile.

Mr. Duvall, in 1797, gave me the foregoing rules : Mr. Larkin
trained for me two years. And as a sportsman, that all horses may
run in the best order, and that their superiority of foot and bottom
alone may entitle them to the palm, I with pleasure comply with
your request, that through your inestimable paper, all excuses by
gentlemen having fine horses, as to the mode of training them, may
be removed, and the friends of the turf gratified with fine sport.

American Farmer.

[FROM THE AMERICAN TURF REGISTER.]

Mr. Editor — The within was recently found among the papers
of an old sportsman of the turf, (a pencil memorandum) in the
shape of answers to questions, by a gentleman well known to the
Virginia turfites, who was at that time about to begin his racing
career. I have examined it with a trainer of long experience, and
with few alterations hand it to you for publication in the Sporting
Magazine A VIRWINIAN.

INSTRUCTIONS FOR TRAINING. 407

A horse when put in training should be fat: his exercise ought
to commence with walking about eight miles a day ; three in tho
morning, two at twelve o'clock, and three in the evening. This
should be continued at least four weeks. A light gallop of a mile
in the morning, should now be added, and at the end of a week, a
mile in the evening. In another week, half a mile more morning
and evening. He will now be in condition for his first sweat ; his
exercise may now be the same as the last week, except a " burst of
heels" once or twice in the week, of three or four hundred yards ;
at which time he will be ready for his second sweat. This given,
the horse should have, every other morning, a move of a quarter of
a mile ; this continued for a week, and his third sweat may be
given. After this his exercise may be increased to two miles, morn-
ing and evening ; one mile of which (in the morning) should be at
half-speed, with a dash of a quarter every other morning, more or
less according to his appetite. The sweats should vary according
to the high or low condition of the animal. At the end of the
week, after the fourth sweat, he may, perhaps, require a draw,* and
another a day or two before he runs. I do not approve of physic-
ing generally ; when there is much grossness, or general bad health,
a purge may be necessary. Race-horses should be watered regu-
larly three times a day, in a clear brook, in the morning after exer-
cise, at twelve o'clock, and in the evening: after exercise walking
them until perfectly cool, previous to watering. They should be
fed with hominy and oats, (the first divested of its mealy particles,)
in the proportion of one of the first to two of the latter. Sometimes,
when the condition of the horse is low, he should be allowr-d a
greater proportion of hominy ; as horses when in training must
feed well, every thing in the food way must be tried to make them
do so : as hominy alone, oats, corn in the ear, meal, cut oats, &o.
I once trained a mare, and ran her successfully, feeding her three
days in the week on meal with chopped or cut oats. They should
be fed five times a day : at day-break, after the morning exercise,
at eleven o'clock, a little before the evening exercise, and at night :
one quart at first, three the second time, three at eleven o'clock,
one the fourth time, and three the last, with about nine pounds of
blades without picking, divided as the grain. Some horses eat more
than others, and should be allowed accordingly .f When there is
costiveness, sprinkling the fodder with water, or a mash must bo
given : a bucket of salt and water is also sometimes useful. Sweat-
ing should be done by heavy clothing and gentle exercise, giving
the horse a swallow or two of water with a little meal stirred in it two
or three times during the sweat. To put a horse in order, at least twelve
weeks are necessary ; for a colt, nine weeks. A cort, to be in condition
to run a good race, should just be low enough to feel his ribs pretty
plainly, but they should not be seen : a horse should be much lower.
The usual preparation for a sweat is a mash at night, muzzled, hea

*" A very light sweat.

t Particularly large horses : small horses sometimes will eat fourteen 01
fil'ujon quarts a day. I think thirteen enough fcr the latter — more is apt, 1
think, to give them gorty logs, &c.

408 INSTRUCTIONS FOR TRAINING.

vy clothing, (three or four blankets) — the next morning, after break-
fast, walk three or four miles, and gallop one slowly; give a mouth-
ful or two of water,f and gallop two or more, as the weather is
warmer or colder: carry him then to the stable, take out the unde-
blanket, rolling the cover up, half at a time, scrape well, rub body
and legs until perfectly dry, put on blanket and hood, and walk for
an hour or two, occasionally giving a mouthful of water with a
handful of meal in it, about milk warm at first. His legs, when per-
fectly cool, should be washed with warm water and soap, rubbed
dry, and the horse put to rest and given a mash,t (scalded oats,) in
the evening walked four or five miles.

The quantity of exercise mentioned, is for horses, after four years
old, and upwards ; few colts require more than three miles a day.
Every eight or ten days the horses should be taken from the exer-
cise ground and walked on the road. A careful trainer will always
know the condition of his horse's legs every morning before gal-
loping, and decide whether they receive their work or be sent, if
their legs be feverish, to have the fever extracted by standing in the
water, to the pond. To keep up the appetite, I have known nothing
better than a table spoonful of the powder of poplar bark, (the
liriodendron tulipifera,) every day or two when it is observed that
they are mincing their food : salt should be given once a week.

[ It will be seen by a comparison of the above instructions, which
correspond with the system now usually pursued in the South, that
it is mucli milder than the system laid down by Mr. Duvall of the
olden tinji\ It is wonderful, (observes our correspondent,) how
their horses could stand such severe training : and he supposes that
the greater fleotness of the horses of the present day may be ascrib-
ed, in some measure, to changes which have been adopted in the
eystem of training. It is true that many of our fine horses are let
down and trained off at an early age, but that may be attributed to
the severe trials to which they are put at a tender age — four mils
heats, in quick time at three years old !]

* Milk-narm, with a little meal stirred in it.

t Not always necessary, except there is mjuch costiveness.

409

RULES AND REGULATIONS

OF THE

RICHMOND JOCKEY CLUB.*

WHEREAS it is necessary that all well-regulated associations
should have some Rules for their government, and the RICHMOND
JOCKEY CLUB being sensibly impressed with this truth, Therefore^
Resolved, that the following be the Rules and Regulations of the
Richmond Jockey Club :

1st. There shall be two regular meetings of this Club, at Tree
Hill, each year, and each to continue four days, to be called Spring
and Fall Meetings. The Spring Meeting shall commence on the
second Tuesday in May, and the Fall Meeting the third Tuesday
in October.

%d. There shall be a President, Vice-President, Secretary, Trea-
surer, and four Stewards, appointed by ballot.

3d. It shall be the duty of the President to preside in all meet-
ings of the Club; to act as Judge in each day's race ; appoint his
assistant Judges on the evening preceding each day's race ; report
the result of each day's race, and stand as Judge in all sweepstakes,
with such other persons as the parties may appoint.

4th. It shall be the duty of the Vice-President to attend all meet-
ings of the Club ; assist the President in the discharge of his duty •
act as President pro tern, in the absence of the President.

5th. It shall be the duty of the Secretary to attend the Judges
on each day's race ; assist them with his counsel ; keep a book, in
which he shall record the members' names, the Rules of the Club,
and add to them any Resolutions which may change the character
of either ; also record the proceedings of each meeting ; the entries
of horses ; an account of each day's race, including the time of run-
ning each heat ; publish the races, and after they are over, publish
the result ; for this service, he shall be exempt from paying his
subscription.

6th. The Stewards shall be appointed by ballot, and serve for
one meeting next succeeding their appointment. They shall wear
a white rose on the left side of the cape of their coat. It shall be
their duty to attend on the course, preserve order, clear the track,
keep off the crowd from horses coming to the stand after the close
of a heat ; may employ able-bodied men to assist them, who shall be
paid out of any money in the hands of the Treasurer, and they be
designated by a red sash.

* The Rules of New-Market, (near Petersburg, Va.) Broad Rock, and
most of the courses in Virginia, are nearly the game.

410 RULES OF RACING.

7th. There shall be three Judges in the starting stand, the Presi .
dent and two assistant Judges, whose duty it shall be to keep the
stand clear of any intrusion during the pendency of a heat, except
the officers, trainers, and weigher,~and also see that the riders are
dressed in jockey style.

8th. All disputes shall be decided by the Judges of the day, from
whose decision there shall be no appeal, unless at the Judges' dis-
cretion ; and no evidence to be received of foul riding, except from
Distance Judges and Patroles.

9^. There shall be two Distance and three Patrole Judges, who
shall repair to the Judges' stand after each heat, and report the nags
that are distanced, and foul riding, if there be any.

Wth. The distance of the Proprietor's Purse shall be three mile'
!ieats, and be run for on the second day of each regular meeting
The purse shall be $300— entrance $15.

\\th. The distance for the Jockey Club purse shall be four mile
heats, spring and fall, ami be run for on the third day of each regu-
lar meeting — entrance $20.

l%th. All Sweepstakes, advertised to be run for over the Tree
Hill course, on any day of the regular meeting of the Club, shall be
under the cognizance of this Club ; and that whenever a subscri-
ber makes an entry, he may change it at any time before the stakes
closes.

No person shall start a horse for any purse under the con-
trol of this Club, other than a member, he being at least one-third
interested, and producing proof of his horse's age ; nor shall any
member start a horse, unless his entrance and subscription be paid
before starting.

l£th. All entries of horses to run, shall be made in open Club, on
the evening preceding each day's race, by 5 o'clock, or during the
sitting of the Club, and no entry made after that time shall be al-
k»wed ; Provided, if there be no meeting, then with the Secretary
or Treasurer, by 5 o'clock. ,

I5lh. No person shall be benefited by the winning of any purse,
under the control of this Club, unless he be a member or the owner
of the horse.

16^. Any person desirous of becoming a member for the purpose
of starting a horse, may do so, he being approved by the Club, and
paying double entrance.

17th. The winning horse of the Jockey Club Purse shall not be
permitted to start for the Proprietor's purse, nor the winning horse
of the Proprietor's purse for the Jockey Club purse, during the same
meeting.

18^. No compromise or agreement between any two persons
starting hor&ea, or their agents or grooms, not to oppose each other

RULES OF RACING. 4] 1

upon a promised division of the purse, shall be permitted or allowed,
a-nd no person shall run their nags in conjunction, that is, with a
determination to oppose, jointly, any other horse or horses which
may run against them. In either case, upon satisfactory evidence
produced before the Judges, the purse shall be awarded to the next
best horse, mare, or gelding ; and the persons so offending, shall
never again be permitted to start a horse on this course.

19th. No two riders from the same stabk shall be allowed to ride
in the same race ; nor shall two horses, trained in the same stable,
be allowed to start in the same race.

20f h. Riders shall not be permitted to ride in a race unless dressed
in tlie jockey style. "*

21s£. Riders, after the heat is ended, must repair to the Judges
stand, not dismount until ordered by the Judges, and then carry
their saddles themselves to the scales, there to be weighed.

22<?. The Rider who has won a heat shall be entitled to the track,
and the foremost entitled to any part of the track, he leaving a suf-
ficient space for a horse to pass him on the outside, but shall not,
when locked by another horse, leave the track he may be running
in to press him to the outside, doing which will be deemed foul
riding. A Rider may take the track on the inside, but he must do
it at his own peril, as, should he be,posted in making the attempt, it
will not be considered as foul. Should any rider cross, jostle, strike
an adversary or his horse, or run on his heels intentionally, or do
any tiling else that may impede the progress of his adversary, he
will be deemed distanced, though he come out ahead, and the purse
given to the next best nag : and any rider offending against this
Rule, shall never be permitted to ride over or attend any horse on the
course again.

23d. If any nag shall run on the inside of any pole, they will be
deemed distanced, although they may come out first, and the purse
awarded to the ne*xt best nag.

24^. The distance stand shall be sixty yards from the Judges*
stand for mile heats, and sixty additional yards for every mile in a
heat, unless it be the best three in five, and then ninety yards to
a mile.

25/A. The time between heats shall be 20 minutes for mile heats,
30 minutes for two mile heats, 40 minutes for three mile heats,
and 45 minutes for four mile heats. Some signal shall be sounded
from the Judges' stand five minutes before the period of starting,
after the lapse of which time, the Judges shall give the word to
such riders as are ready — but should any horse be restive in sad.
dling, the Judges may delay the word a short interval, at their
own discretion.

26th. A horse that does not win a heat out of three, shall not be
entitled to start for a fourth, although he may save his distance. A
drawn horse shall not be considered as distanced.
36

412 RULES OP RACING.

27th. No stud horse shall be exhibited within the walls of the
course until the ladies have retired.

28th. All members and their families shall pass the gate free,
and all who are not members shall pay the following tolls, viz :—
for every four-wheeled carriage $1, for every gig and two- wheeled
carriage, cart, man and horse, 50 cents : and for every person on
foot 25 cents.

29 th. Any person who may kill a dog on the course, shall be
paid two dollars out ©f the funds of this Club, and if there be
none in hand, by the Judges, out of the purse of that day on which
the dog or dogs may be killed.

30th. The following weights shall be carried, viz :

2 years old, a feather,

3 .. .. 86 Ibs.

4 .. .. 100 ..

5 .. .. 110 ..

6 .. .. 118 ..

7 .. .. and upwards, 124 Ibs. with an al.
lowance of three pounds to mares and geldings. The weigher shall
see that each rider shall have his proper weight, before he starts, and
that they have within two pounds after each heat.

31st. The age of horses shall be record_ed by the year in which
they are foaled ; during the year 1800 shall be considered as a
yearling ; during the year 1801, two years old ; during the year
1802, and so on.

32cZ. New members can only be admitted upon recommenda-
tion ; any person wishing to become a member, shall be balloted for
and two black balls will exclude him.

BETTING.

WHEN both parties are present, either party has a right to de-
mand that the money be staked before the horses start ; and if one
refuse, the other may, at his option, declare the bet void.

If any party be absent on the days of race, the party present may
declare the bet void, in the presence of the Judges, before the race
commences ; but if any person offer to stake for the absentee, it is
a confirmed bet.

A bet made on a heat to come, is no bet, unless all the horses
running in a previous heat start again.

All bets made between horses'that are distanced the same heat
are considered drawn, and when between two horses throughout a
race, and neither of them win it, the horse that is best at the termi-
nation of the race, wins the bets.

If an entrance horse, or subscriber die, no forfeit shall be re-
quired.

A premium given to another to make a bet shall not be refunded,
although the bet is not run for

ENGLISH RULES OF RACING. 413

HANDY CAP RACES.

1st. THE Judges for the season, on meeting with the Secretary,
shall Handy Cap.

2rf. A list of all the horses, mares, and geldings which have start
ed at the said meeting, shall be made, to which any others, if pro
posed, and particularly described, may be added.

3d. Any horse, &c. which has not run during the said meeting,
for Sweepstakes, Jockey Club, or Proprietor's purse, shall carry the
weights of the course.

£th. When the distance to be run, the entrance required, and the
prize be agreed on, the Judges and Secretary shall proceed to as-
sign them their weights.

5tk. No horse, &c. shall be bound to carry more weight than
the rules of the course prescribe.

6^. On the supposed best horse, &c. his or her proper weight
shall be imposed.

7th. From horses, &c. of the 2d, 3d, &c. rate or reputation, as
much weight may be taken as will, in the opinion of the Handy
Cappers, make them equal to the first rate ; in equalizing them as
aforesaid, they are not bound to regard the winning horses, &.c.
as a change of distance, or a hard run, may change their ability to
perform.

8^. Those who Handy Cap, shall particularly mark such horses,
&c. which are started in shoes, or not allowed to exert themselves
in a previous race — any such horse, &c. shall carry the weight ot
the course, subject to the determination of the Judges and Secretary.

Sth. As soon as the list of horses, &c. with their weights, be
prepared, the Secretary shall post up the same in the Club Room at
this place to which shall be added the distance to be run, the sum
to be run for, and the entrance money.

IQth. When the aforesaid nine rules be complied with, until 10
o'clock P. M. shall be allowed the owner or starter to determine
whether he will contend for the prize, and no longer ; as they de-
termine, they shall give their names to the Treasurer or Proprietor
of the course, with a description of their horses, &c. who shall make
a list of them as entered, which list shall point out their places at
starting — two or more to make a race.

ENGLISH RULES OF RACING.

Abstract of the laws which govern the Race Course in Great Britain,
as extracted from a Liverpool paper.

HORSES take their ages from May day, i. e. a horse foaled any
time in the year 1823, is one year old on the first day of May 1824.
Four inches are a hand ; fourteen pounds a stone ; two hundred and
forty yards a distance.

414 ENGLISH RULES OF RACING.

Oath weights are, each to appoint a party to ride without weighing.
Feather weight signifies the same. Give and take plates are weights
for inches ; fourteen hands to carry a stated weight, all above to
carry extra, or be allowed the proportion of 7 Ibs. to an inch. A Whim
Plate is a weight for age and a weight for inches. A Past Match is
to insert the ages of the horses in the articles, and to run any horse
of that age, without declaring till you come to the post to start.
Hand Cap weights are weights according to the supposed abilities
of the horses. Plates or shoes are not allowed in the weight.

The horse that has his head at the ending post first, wins the heat
Riders must ride their horses back to the winning post to weigh ; and
he that dismounts before, or wants weight, is distanced. If a rider
fall from his horse, and the horse be ridden in by a person of suffi-
cient weight, he shall take place the same as if it had not happened,
provided he goes back to the place where the rider fell.

Horses not entitled to start without producing a proper certifi-
•cate of their age, if required ; except where aged horses are included,
in which case a junior horse may start without a certificate, provi-
ded he carry the same weight as an aged horse.

For the best of the plate, when there are three heats run, the
horse is second who wins one. For the best of the heats, the horse
is second that beats the other twice out of three times, though he
doth not win the heat. When a plate is won at two heats, the pre-
ference of the horses is determined by the places they hold in the
second heat. When three horses have each won a heat, they only
must start for a fourth, and their places/ must be determined by it,
though before no difference between them. No distance in a fourth
heat. In running heats, if it cannot be decided which is first, the
heat goes for nothing, and they may all start again, except it be be-
tween two horses that had each won a heat. Horses drawn before
the plate is won are distanced.

A bet after the heat is over, if the horse betted on does not start
again, is no bet. A confirmed bet cannot be off, without mutual
consent. Either party may demand stakes to be made, and on re-
fusal may declare the bet void. If a party be absent on the day of
running, a public declaration of the bet may be made on the course,
and a demand whether any person will make stakes for the absent
party ; and if no person consent to do so, the bet may be declared
void. Bets agreed to be settled in town, or any particular place,
cannot be declared off on the course.

The person who bets the odds, 'has a right to choose the horse of
the field. When he has chosen the horse, the field is what starts
against him ; but there is no field unless one starts with him. If
odds are net without mentioning the horse before the race is over,
it must be determined as the odds were at the time of making it.
Bets made between particular horses are void if neither of them be
the winner, unless specified to the -contrary.

At New Market, if a bet be made for any particular day in any
meeting, and the parties afterwards change the day, all bets must
stand ; but if altered to another meeting, bets made before the altera-
tion are void. Bets determined, though the horse does not start

ENGLISH RULES OP RAGING. 415

when the words " absolutely, run or pay," or " play or pay," are
made use of in betting. For example ; I bet that Mr. Udny's ch.
mare, Mirandela, absolutely wins the king's plate at Chelmsford, in
1824. I lose the bet though she does not start, and win though she
goes over the course alene.

AH double bets are considered as play or pay.

Since Epsom Races, 1812, all bets are made in pounds, and not in
guineas, as formerly.

Horses running on the wrong side of a post, and not turning back,
are distanced. Horses distanced if the riders cross or jostle. Horses
that forfeit are beaten horses, where it runs or pays. Bets made on
any horses winning any number of plates that year, remain in force
till the first day of May. Money given to have a bet laid, not re.
turned if not run.- All matches, bets, and engagements are void on
the decease of either ptirty before determined. An untried stallion
or mare, is one whose produce had not started in public at the time
of closing the engagement.

In estimating winnings, it is the practice to consider the clear sum
gained only, and consequently to exempt the winner's stakes. A
winner of sweepstakes of 20 guineas each (three subscribers) is;
therefore, not disqualified from running for a fifty pound plate, ex
pressed to be for horses that never won a plate, match or sweep
etake of that value.

FINIS

30*

IMPORTED HORSES AND MARES OMITTED.

ABJER, [Imp'd] got by Old Truffle, dam Briseis by Benningbrpugh, gr
dam Lady Jane by Sir Peter Teazle — Paulina by Florizell, &c.
—foaled 1817, died 1828.— Alabama. Jas. Jackson.

ADMIRAL, [Imp'd] b. h. got by Florizell, dam the Spectator mare, (who
was also the dam of Old Imp'd Diomede,) — foaled 1779. — New
York. J. Delancy.

ALL FOURS, [Imp'd] get by All Fours, son of Regulus — Blank- Bolton
Starling — Miss Meynell by Partner -Greyhound — Curwin's bay
Barb, &c. imp'd into Massachusetts or Connecticut.

AMERICUS, [Imp'd] b. h. got by Babraham — Creeping Molly by Second
— General Evans' Arabian Cartouch — foaled 1775.

Wm. Macklin.

AUTOCRAT, [Imp'd] gr. c. got by Grand Duke, dam Olivetta by Sir
Oliver — Scotina by Delphi — Scota by Eclipse — foaled 1822. —
New York. Wm. Jackson.

BABRAHAM, [Imp'd] b. h. (15 hands 2 in. high.) got by Old Fearnought
(son of Godolphin Ar.) — Silver imp'd into Va. by Wm. Evans of
SurryCounty and gotby the Belsize Arabian in England, and foaled
1759.— Va. 1765. Wm. & Geo. Evans.

, [Imp'd] b. h. got by Wildair — Babraham — Sloe — Bartlett's

Childers— Counsellor— Snake, &c.— foaled 1775.— Va. 1783.

Augustine Willis.

BLACK PRINCE, [Imp'd] bl. h. got by Babraham— Riot by Regulus—
Blaze— Fox, &c.— foaled 1760.— New York. A. Ramsay.

BONNYFACE, [Imp'd] (also called Master Stephen) dk. b. h. got by a
son of Regulus out of the Fen mare, got by Ilutton's Royal edit —
Blunderbuss, &o. — foaled 1768. — Va. French.

BUFF COAT, [Imp'd] dun h. got by Godolphin Arabian— Silver Locks
by the Bald Galloway — Ancaster Turk — Leeds Arabian, &c. —
foaled 1742.— Va. 1761." Jos. Wells.

BULLE ROCK, [Imp'd] got by the Darby Arabian— Byerly Turk out
of a natural Arabian mare, &c. — foaled 1718. — Va. 1735-6.

Samuel Pat ton.

CANNON, [Imp'd] br. h. got by Dungannon — Miss Spindleshanks by
Omar — Starling, &c. — foaled 1789.— Bos'ton. General Lyman.

CARVER, [Imp'd.] b. h. got by Young Snap— Blank— Babraham— An-
caster Starling — Grasshopper, &c. — foaled 1770. — Norfolk Co. Va.

Dr. Chas. Mayle.

CHATEAU MARGEAUX, [Imp'd] dk. br. h. got by Whalebone, (best
son of Waxay,) dam Wasp by Gohanna — Highflyer — Eclipse, &c.
—foaled 1822.— Va. 1835. J. J. A very & Co.

CLARET, [Imp'd] got, by Chateau Margenux, (who was by Whalebone,)
his dam by Partisan — Silver Tail by Gohanna — Orville, &c. —

• ibaled 1830.— N. "Carolina. Wyatt Card well.

DANCING MASTER, [Imp'd] b. h. got by Woodpecker— Madcap by
Snap— Miss Meredith by Cade, &c.— foaled 1788— S. Carolina.

416

AMERICAN STUD BOOK. 417

DEBASH, [Imp'd] b. h. got by King Fergus— Highflyer— Madcap by
Snap— Miss Meredith by Cade, &c.— ibaled 1792. Imp'd into Mas-
sachusetts. Jones.

DERBY, [Imp'd] dr. b. h. 16£ hands high, got by Peter Leley out of
Urganda, formerly Lady Eleanor, she by Milo dam by Sorcerer
out of Twins, &c.— foaled 1831. R- D. Shepherd.

DONQUIXOTTE, [Imp'd] ch. h. by O'Kelly's Eclipse— Grecian Prin-
cess by Forrester — Coalition colt — Bustard, &c. — foaled 1784. Imp'd
into Va.

DORMOUSE, [Imp'd] dk. b. h. got by Old Dormouse, dam fey Whitefoot
— Silverlocks by Bald Galloway, &c.— foaled 1753.— Va. 1759.

DRONE, [Imp'd] b. h. got by King Herod— Lilly by Blank— Peggy by
Cade— Croft's Partner— Bloody Buttocks, &c.— foaled 1777.—
Dutchess Co. New York.

DUTCHESS OF YORK, [Imp'd] ch. m. got by Catton, dam by Sancho—
Coriander— Highflyer, &c.— foaled 1821.— Va.

R. D. Shepherd.

ENGLISHMAN, [Imp'd] by Mr. Walter Bell of Va., in his dam, by Eagle
(also imp'd)— Pot8os— Pegasus— Small Bones by Justice, &c—
foaled 1812.

EUGENIUS, [Imp'd] ch. c. by Chrysolite, dam Mixbury by Regulus —
Little Bowes by a brother to Mixbury — Button's Barb, &c. —
foaled 1770.

FAIRFAX ROANE, [Imp'd] (alias Strawberry Roane) ro. h. got by
Adolphus, dam by Smith's Tartar (a son of Croft's Partner) g. dam
by Midge (son of Snake)— Hip, &c.— foaled 1764.— Va.— Fairfax.

GIFT, [Imp'd] b. h. got by Cadormus, dam by Old Crab — Second Star-
ling, &c.— foaled 1768.— New Kent Co. Va. Col. Dangerfield.

GRANBY, [Imp'd] b. h. got by Blank— Old Crab— Cyprus Ar.— Com-
moner— Makeless — Brimmer, &c. — foaled 1759. — Powhatan Co.
Va. Samuel Watkins.

HECTOR, [Imp'd] bl. h. got by Lath— Childers— Basto— Curwins bay
Barb, &c.— foaled 1745. Col. Marshall.

HERO, [Imp'd] b. h. got by Blank— Godolphin Ar. &c.— foaled 1747.— Va.

John S. Wilson.

JACK OF DIAMONDS, [Imp'd] dk. b. h. by Cullen's Arabian-Darly
Ar.— Byerly Turk, &c.— Va. 1763. Imp'd by Col. Spottswood.

Solomon Dunn.

JUNIUS, [Imp'd] bl. h. got by Old Starling— Old Crab— Monkey— Cur-
win's bay Barb— Spot, &c.— foaled 1754.— Va. 1759.

JUSTICE, [Imp'd] b. h. got by Blank, dam Aura by Stamford Turk, gr.
dam by a brother to Conqueror — Childers, &c. — Va. 1780.

Geo. Gould.
, [Imp'd] got by Old Justice (son of King Herod) — Old Squirt

mare — Mogul — Camilla by Bay Bolton, &c. — foaled 1782.-
S. Carolina. Major Butler.

KING WILLIAM, [Imp'd] red sor. h. got by Florizell, dam Milliner by
Matchem — Cassandria by Blank, &c. — foaled 1781. — Chester Co
Pa. Dr. Norriss.

, [Imp'd] b. h. by King Herod, dam Madcap by Snap —

Miss Meredith by Old Cade, &c. — foaled 1777. — Connecticut.

Skinner.
LADY SCOTT, [Imp'd] br. m. got by Ardrosson, dam Dido by Viscount

—Brilliant by Whiskey, &c. R. D. Shepherd.

LANGFORD, [Imp'd] br. c. got by Starch out of Peri by Wanderer, her
dam Thalistris by Alexander out of Rival by Sir Peter — Hornej
by Drone— Manilla by Gold fl-nder— foaled 1833.

F. P. Corbin

418 AMERICAN STUD BOOK.

LOFTY, [Imp'd] dk. b. h. by Godolphin Arabian— Croft's Partner-
Bloody Buttocks— Greyhound, &c.— foaled 1753.- -Va. Chester
field Co. Thos. Goode.

LYCURGUS, [Imp'd] ch. h. by Blank— Snip— Lath, &c— foaled 1767,
Va. 1776. Geo. H. Harrison.

MAGNUM BONUM, [Imp'd] roan h. by Matchem— Swift— Regulus—
Dairy Maid by Bloody Buttocks, &e.— foaled 1774.— Hartford,
Conn. F. Kilborne.

MASTER ROBERT, [Imp'd] ch. c. got by Star, dam a young Marske
mare— foaled 1793.

MASTER STEPHEN, (see Bonnyface.)

MARPLOT, [Imp'd] got by Highflyer— Omar— Godolphin— Arabian, &c.

MATCHEM, [Imp'd] b. h. got by Matchem— Lady by Sweepstakes-
Patriot— Old Crab, &c.— foaled 1773.— S. Carolina.

Gibbs.

MATCHLESS, [Imp'd] b. h. got by Godolphin Arabian— Soreheel—
Makeless, &c. — S. Carolina.

MENDOZA, [Imp'd] b. h. got by Javelin — Paymaster — Pamona by King
Herod— Snap— Regulufl, &c.— foaled 1808.— Petersburg, Va.

Dunlop.

MERRY PINTLE, [Imp'd] gr. h. got by Old England, dam by Old Merry
Pintle— Skipjack, &c.— foaled 1752.— Va. 1775. J. Story.

MERRY TOM, [Imp'd] b. h. by Regulus— Locust— a son of Flying
Childers— Croft's Old Partner, &c.— foaled 1758.

MERW1CK BALL, [Imp'd] ch. c. got by Regulus, dam a Traveller
mare, by Hartley's blind horse — foaled 1762.

MISS ROSE, [Imp'd] b. m. got by Tramp, dam by Sancho, gr. dam by
Coriander, &c— foaled 1826. R. D. Shepherd.

NICHOLAS, [Imp'd] got by Saint Nicholas, dam Miss Rose— foaled 1833.

R. D. Shepherd.

NIMROD, [Imp'd] dk. b. h. got by King Fergus— O'Kelly's Eclipse,
Old Marske, &c.— Philadelphia, 1788.

NETTY [Imp'd] ch. m. got by Velocipede, dam Miss Rose— foaled 1831.

R. D. Shepherd.

NONPLUS, [Imp'd] b. h. got by Catton, dam Miss Garforth by Walton—
Hyacinthus, &c.— foaled 1824.— S. Carolina.

Richard Singleton.

NORTH BRITAIN, [Imp'd] b. h. got by Alcock's Arabian— Northum-
berland Arabian — Hartley's blind horse. — Philadelphia, 1768.
, Crow.

OROONOKO, [Imp'd] bl. h. got by Old Crab— Miss Slammerkin by Young
True Blue— Bloody Shouldered Ar., &c— foaled 1745.— S. Caro-
lina. J. Mathews.

PACOLET, [Imp'd] got by Sparke, dam Queen Mab — Hampton Court
Childers— Harrison's Ar., &c.— Va. 1791. Thos. Goode.

PHAROAH, [Imp'd] b. h. got by Moses — Godolphin Ar. — Smockface by
Old Snail, &c.— foaled 1753— S. Carolina.

PRINCE, [Imp'd] b, c. got by Herod, dam Helen by Blank — Crab, &c. —
foaled 1773— S. Carolina.

PRINCE FERDINAND, [Imp'd] got by Herod, dam by Matchem— gr.
dam the Squirt mare, &c.

REPUBLICAN, [Imp'd] ch. h. got by Wentworth's Ancaster — Old Royal
Changeling— Bethel's Ar., &c— Va. 1797. Chas. Young.

RODERICK DHU, [Imp'd] got by Sir Peter Teazle— Young Marske—

Matchem — Tarquin, &c. Impjd into New York.

'Imp'd] br. c.
Parma by Dick Andrews, &e— foaled 1828.— Va.

SARPADON, \Imp'd] br. c. got by Emilius, dam Icaria bv the Flyer —

• 'ed 1828— Va.

Merritt, Townes, & Avery.

AMERICAN STUD BOOK. 419

ST. PAUL, [Imp'd] SOY. h. got by Old Saltram, dam Purity by Matchem
Pratt's famous Squirt mare, &c.— foaled 1789.— Va. 1804.

Wm. Lightfoot.
SHOCK, [Imp'd] got by Shock — Partner — Makeless — Brimmer, &c.—

Va. Caroline county. Jno. Baylor.

SHADOW, [Imp'd] b. h. got by Babraham— Bolton Starling— Coughing
Polly by Bartlett's ChiLders, &c.— foaled 1759— Va. 1771.

T. Harwell.

SIR PETER TEAZLE, [Imp'd] roan h. got by Sir Peter Teazle— Mer-
cury—Cythera by King Herod— Blank, &c.— foaled 1802.— S.
Carolina. Gen. Jno. McPherson.

SLOUCH, [Imp'd] ch. h. by Cade, dam the little Hartley mare, by
Bartlett's Childers— Flying Whig by Woodstock, &c.— foaled 1747.
S. Carolina.
SOURKROUT, [Imp'd] b. c. got by Highflyer, dam Jewell by Sqnirrell,

Sophia by Blank, &c.— foaled 1786.
STRAWBERRY ROANE, (see Fairfax Roane.)
STARLING, [Imp'd] got by young Starling — Regulus — Snake — Partner,

&c.— foaled 1756.— Va. 1762. Carlisle & Dalton.

TRANBY, [Imp'd] br. c. got by Blacklock, his dam by Orville— Miss
Grimstone by Weazle— Ancaster, &c.— foaled 1826.— Va. 1835.

J. J. Avery & Co.
TARQUIN, [Imp'd] c. got by the Hampton court Chesnut Ar. out of Fair

Rosamond by Cade— Traveller, &c.— foaled 1720.

WHALE, [Imp'd] got by Whalebpne, (who was by Waxy,) dam Rectory
by Octavious — Catherine by Woodpecker. — N. Carolina.

Edward Townes
YORKSHIRE, [Imp'cT got by Saint Nicholas, d *m Miss Rose.

R. D. Shepherd.

THIS BOOK IS DUE ON THE LAST DATE
STAMPED BELOW

AN INITIAL FINE OP 25 CENTS

WILL BE ASSESSED FOR FAILURE TO RETURN
THIS BOOK ON THE DATE DUE. THE PENALTY
WILL INCREASE TO SO CENTS ON THE FOURTH
DAY AND TO $1.OO ON THE SEVENTH DAY
OVERDUE.

SEP 101941

SEP

JAN-

-Wii— W — b-3&

LD 21-100m-7.'40( 6936s

YB 16549

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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY

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