GENUS AEDES, SUBGENUS AEDIMORPKUS THEOBALD IN SOUTHEAST ASIA By JOHN FRANCIS REINERT A DISSERTATION PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE COUNCIL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 1971 "W U^jlVERSITY OF FLORIDA 3 1262 08552 4790 ACKNOV/LEDGEMENTS Gratitude is expressed to the members of the writer's committee* Dr. D, H, Habeck, Dr, C, S, Lofgren, Dr. P. W, Mead, Dr, A. Stone, Dr. S. G. Zam and especially to Dr. F. S. Elanton, committee chairman, under whose valuable guidance this study was initiated. I wish to thank the Medical Department, United States Army, which afforded me the privilege of a University of Florida assignment to work on a course of instruction lead- ing to the Doctor of Philosophy degree and for financing a trip to study type specimens in the British Museum (Natural History). Special acknowledgement is expressed to Dr, Botha de Meillon, Responsible Investigator, Southeast Asia Mosquito Project, for obtaining Aedimorphus specimens for me from many areas in the Oriental and African regions. Sincere thanks are given to Dr, P, F, Mattingly, British Museum (Natural History) and Dr, A, Stone, United States National Museum (Natural History), for kindly permitting me to ex- amine types and other specimens, I am particularly indebted to Lieutenant Colonel A. A, Hubert, Chief, Department of Entomology, United States Array 406th Medical Laboratory, Tokyo, Japan, and his artists who prepared the illustrations. ii I am especially appreciative to ray wife, Mary Helen, for her encouragement and understanding during this period of study and for so graciously typing this dissertation. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNO^VLEDGEMENTS '. . . ii LIST OF TABLES vi LIST OF FIGURES viii ABSTRACT xi INTRODUCTION .... 1 GENUS ABDES KEIGEN, SUBGENUS AEDIMORPHUS , 5 KEYS TO THE SPECIES OF AEDES (AEDIMORPHUS) IN SOUTHEAST ASIA , 22 KEY TO THE ADULTS , 22 KEY TO THE PUPAE 25 KEY TO THE FOURTH STAGE LARVAE 26 DESCRIPTIONS OF THE SPECIES OCCURRING IN SOUTHEAST ASIA 28 alboscutellatus. •.•.•••, 28 caecus ••••••.•..••...•., 40 culicinus. •.•••..•••••,•,, 50 lowisii. ......... o ...•., , 59 mediolineatus. .......»...•,, 65 nigrostriatus. ..........,,,, 7/f orbitae 79 pallidos-triatus. ...... ••.... . 89 IV Page pampangensis ........ 97 pipersalatus ........ 107 punctifemoris • Il6 taeniorhynchoides 122 vexans vexans nipponii: 129 1^6 wainwri|g:hti. • 155 APPENDIX (Figures 1-36). .... 159 APPENDIX (Tables 1-15) • • • ^32 REFERENCES CITED o . 273 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH 286 LIST OF TABLES Table Page le Record of the branching of the setae on the pupae of Aedes (Aediraorphus) alboscutellatas • . . o . 233 2, Record of the branching of the seta.e on the pupae of Aedes (Aedimorphus) caecus, 0 , 236 3. Record of the branching of the setae on the pupae of Aedes (Aedimorphus) culicinus . « . . 239 ^6 Record of the branching of the setae on the pupae of Aedes (Aedimorphus) mediolineatus , , , 2^2 5« Record of the branching of the setae on the pupae of Aedes (Aedimorphus) orbitae 2^■^ 6. Record of the branching of the setae on the pupae of Aedes (Aedimorphus) pal.lidostriatus 248 7. Record of the branching of the setae on the pupae of Aedes (Aedimorphus) pampangensis , 251 VI Table Page 8, Record of the branching of the setae on the pupae of Aedes (Aedimorphus) pipersalatus, .••..... 25^ 9. Record of the branching of the setae on the pupae of Aedes (Aedimorphus) vexans. •••■•t*****..**... 257 10, Record of the branching of the setae on the pupae of Aedes (Aedimorphus) vexans nipponii ...«......,,.. 260 lit Species of Aedes (Aedimorphus) occurring in the Oriental Zoogeographical Region, , . 263 12, Species of Aedes (Aedimorphus) occurring in the Australian Zoogeographical Region, 265 13» Species of Aedes (Aedimorphus) occurring in the Palearctic Zoogeographical Region, ,,,,.,.,, , . , . 266 Ik, Species of Aedes (Aedimorphus) occurring in the Pacific Ocean Islands Region • . . . 26? 15. Species of Aedes (Aedimorphus) occurring in the Nearctic Zoogeographical Region ,,.,,,..• 268 16, Species of Aedes (Aedimorphus) occurring in the Ethiopian Zoogeographical Region 269 vii LIST OF FIGURES Figure Page 1, Aedes alboscutellatus adult male and female habitus ....... l6l 2, Aedes caecus adult male and female habitus •••••.. I63 3, Aedes culicinus adult male and female habitus • I65 k, Aedes lowisii adult female habitus I67 5. Aedes mediolineatus adult male and female habitus I69 6. Aedes orbitae adult male and female habitus 171 7. Aedes pallidostriatus adult male and female habitus • 173 8. Aedes pampangensis adult male and female habitus 175 9. Aedes pipersalatus adult male and female habitus ••..... 177 10. Aedes punctifemoris adult male and female habitus •.••... 179 Vlll Figure Page 1 1 , Aedes taeniorhynchoides adult male and female habitus 181 12, Aedes vexans adult male and female habitus «••••«# 183 13, Aedes vexans nipponii adult male and female habitus I85 1^. Aedes alboscutellatus male genitalia. • . 18? 15" Aedes caecus male genitalia. . ...... I89 16. Aedes mediolineatus male genitalia. ....e... 191 17 « Aedes pallidostriatus male genitalia. ...••••••••••• 193 18. Aedes pampangensis male genitalia. ... ...... 195 19. Aedes punctifemoris male genitalia 0 . . . 197 20. Aedes vexans male genitalia 199 2 1 . Aedes alboscutellatus pupa 22. Aedes caecus pupa • 23. Aedes culicinus pupa. IX 201 203 205 Figure Page 24. Aedes mediolineatus ^ pupa. ............. 207 25. Aedes orbitae pupa. . • • . . • 209 26. Aedes pamDana;ensis pupa. ............ 211 27. Aedes vexans pupa. 213 28. Aedes alboscutellatus larva 215 29. Aedes caecus larva 21 7 30. Aedes culicinus larva . 219 31. Aedes mediolineatus larva ..••••••• 221 32. Aedes orbitae larva 223 33* Aedes pallidostriatus larva .#............ 225 3^» Aedes oampangensis larva ........ ..a... 227 35« Aedes pipersalatus larva 229 3t). Aedes vexans larva ..... .••...., 231 X Abstract of Dissertation Presented to the Graduate Council of the University of Florida in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy GENUS AEDES, SUBGENUS AEDIMORPHUS THEOBALD IN SOUTHEAST ASIA By John Francis Re inert August, 1971 Chairman: Franklin S. Blanton Major Department: Entomology This paper is the first comprehensive revision of the Aedes (Aedimorphus) in Southeast Asia and deals with 14 species and 1 subspecies. These species are completely de- scribed and compared with closely related forms occurring in the Pacific Islands and Oriental Zoogeographical Regions. Pupae of caecus. culicinus, mediolineatus, orbitae, pampan- gensis and pioersalatus and larvae of culicinus and orbitae are described for the first time. Stages of the following species are also illustrated for the first time: caecus pupa; culicinus female, pupa and larva; mediolineatus pupa; orbitae female, male, pupa and larva; pallidostriatus female; and pampangensis female and pupa. Keys to the adults, pupae and larvae of Southeast Asian species are given. New synonymies in this paper are: lowisii (= mindo- roensis) ; pampangensis (= niveoscutellum) ; and vexans (= nocturnus and stenoetrus) . Aedes nummatus is transferred from Aedimorphus to the subgenus Diceromyia of Aedes. xl INTRODUCTION The subgenus Aedimorphus was originally described by- Theobald (1903a: 290) as a distinct genus based on a single African species, domestic us (Theobald). A number of Oriental species now included with Aedimorphus were at various times placed under other genera and subgenera. Felt (1904s 391c) erected a new genus, Ecculex, for the. species vexans (Meigen) (= sylvestris Theobald). The following year, Ludlow (I905! 9^) described a new genus Reedomyia for his new species pampangensist. During this same year, Theobald described 3 new genera: Pecomyia (1905a: 23) for taeniorhync hoide s (= mac ulata Theobald), P se udograbhamia (1905c: 2^3) for pipersalatus (= mac ulata Theobald), and L e.p i d o t omy i a (1905b: 80) for albo scute Hat us Theobald, Ge itonomyia was described by Leicester (I9O8: 13^) for caecus (Theobald) and Leslie- myia by Christophers (1911s 68) for his new species taeniorhynchoides. Edv/ards (I913: 22 7) placed several of the Oriental species in the genus Oc^hlerotatus Lynch Arri- balzaga but later (1922b: ^66) transferred them to the genus Aedes (Meigen) subgenus Ecculex. Two Oriental species, albosc utellatus and vexans, were moved by Edv/ards (192^: 372) to the subgenus Aedimorphus and the next year (I925: 267) he synonymized Ecculex with this subgenus. In the Genera Insectorum, Edwards (1932: l65) reviewed Aedimorphus from a worldwide standpoint and divided it into 8 groups. The first comprehensive study of the subgenus in the Oriental area was conducted by Barraud (1928: 655) in India. He later (1934: 246) revised the Indian species. Knight and Hurlbut (1949* 29) and Knight and Hull (1951! 200) modified Edward's group classification of the Aedimorphus. This paper deals with l^■ species and 1 subspecies from Southeast Asia and compares them to closely related species in the Oriental and Pacific Islands Zoogeographical Regions, Pupae of caecus, culicinus. mediolineatus. orbitae, pam- pangensis and pipersalatus and larvae of culicinus and orbitae are described for the first time herein. Stages of the following species are also illustrated for the first time: caecus pupa; culicinus female, pupa and larva; medio- lineatus pupa; orbitae female, male, pupa and larva; pallidostriatus female ; and pampangensis female and pupa. Keys to the adults, pupae and larvae of the Southeast Asian species are given. For original descriptions of the Oriental and Pacific Islands species not found in Southeast Asia see: Theobald (1905b: 86) trimaculatus ; Edwards (19l4: 77) .iamesi; Barraud (I928: 662) syntheticus (as fisheri) ; Stone (1939* 163) oaklevi: Carter and Wijesundara (1948: 139) argenteoscutellatus: Knight and Hurlbut (19^9: 27) senya- vinensis; and Bohart (195^: 63) trukensis. For taxonomic information on the African species check Edwards (194l) and Hopkins (1952). New synonymies in this paper arei lowisii (= mindoroen- sis ) ; pampangensis ( = nivescutellum ) ; and vexans ( = nocturnus and stenoetrus) , Aedes nummatus Edwards is transferred from Aedimorphus to the subgenus Diceromvia Theobald. During the course of this revision, I examined all specimens and types of Aedimorphus in the United States National Museum (Natural History) and the British Museum (Natural History) as well as specimens from numerous indi- vidual and museum collections. Abbreviations used in references to literature conform to the V/orld List of Scientific Periodicals, 4th edition, Butterworths, V/ashington, I963. In the synonymy sections, an asterisk following the abbreviations used (A = adult, F = female, M = male, P = pupa, L = larva, E = egg) indi- cates that at least some portion of that sex or stage is figured. Abbreviations used in the pupal descriptions, tables and key arei C = cephalothorax; P = paddle; and I-VIII = abdominal segments 1 through 8. In larval descrip- tions the range of hair branching is followed by the mode branching in parentheses and the following abbreviations signify: A = antenna; C = head; M = mesothorax; P = pro- thorax; S = siphon; T = metathorax; and VIII, X = abdominal segments 8 and 10. Distribution records are indicated as follows: countries are in capital letters; where known, administrative divisions are in italics; and place names have the first letter capitalized. The nomenclature and chaetotaxy used for females, males and male genitalia follow Knight (1970) and Knight and Laffoon (1970a, 1970b, 1971) and those for the pupa and larva follow Belkin (1962), The terminology of the female genitalia is taken from Coher (19^8). In the pupal descrip- tions, the number of branches on abdominal hair l-I is measured on the basal 0.33 of the hair. Southeast Asia, in this study, is composed of southern China, East Pakistan, Assam, Burma, North Vietnam, South Vietnam, Taiwan, Philippines, Indonesia, Laos, Cambodia, Thailand, -Malaysia, Singapore, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Southern Ryukyus, Hainan and The Pescadoreso GENUS AEDSS MEIGEN SUBGENUS AEDIIviORPHUS THEOBALD Aedimorphus Theobald 1903i Monogr. Cul. 3'- 290 (July). Haplotype : Uranotaenia domestica Theobald. Catageiomyia Theobald 1903i Mem. Lpool. Sch. trop. Med, 10 (App.)j i (Nov.). Haplotype: Catageiomyia senegalensis Theobald. Ecculex Felt 190^, Bull. N. Y. St. Mus. 78: 391c. Ortho- type: Culex sylvestris Theobald. Reedomyia Ludlow I905, Can. Ent. 37' 9^. Haplotype: Reedomyia pampangensis Ludlow. Lepidotomyia Theobald I905, Ann. Mus. nat. Hist. Hung. 3« 80. Haplotype: Lepidotomyia albo scute 11a ta Theobald. Pecomyia Theobald I905, J. econ. Biol. 1: 23. Haplotype: Pecomyia maculata Theobald. Polyleptiomyia Theobald 1905. Genera Insec. , Fasc. 26: 21. Haplotype: Stegomyia albocephala Theobald. Pseudograbhamia Theobald 1905f J» Bombay nat. Hist. Soc. 16: 243. Haplotype: Pseudograbhamia maculata Theobald. Duttonia Newstead I907, in Nev/stead, Dutton and Todd, Ann. • trop. Med, Parasit. 1: I7. Logotype: Duttonia tarsalis Newstead. Mimeteculex Theobald I908, Rep. Wellcome trop. Res. Lab, 3« 258. Haplotype: Mimeteculex kingii Theobald, Geitonomyia Leicester I908, Cul. Malaya, p. 13^. Haplotypet Culex caecus Theobald. Myxosquamus Theobald I909, Colon. Rep. misc. Ser. No, 2371 7; Theobald I910, Monogr, Cul. 5: 225, Haplotype: Myxosquamus conf usus Theobald. Stenoscutus Theobald I909, Colon. Rep. misc. Ser. No. 237: 7; Theobald 1910, Monogr. Cul. 5: 263. Haplotype: Stenoscutus africanus Theobald, Bathosomyia Theobald 1909f Colon, Rep, raise, Ser, No. 237: 9 J Theobald I9IO, Ivionogr. Cul. 5: 26?. Haplotype: Bathosomyia abnormal is Theobald. Neopecomyia Theobald I909. Colon. Rep, misc. Ser, No, 237: 12; Theobald I9IO, Monogr. Cul, 5: 26l, Haplotype s Neopecomyia uniannulsita Theobald. Leslieomyia Christophers I9II, Paludism 2: 68, Haplotype: Leslieomyia taeniorhyncjioides Christophers, FEMALE. Head. Antenna brown, 0.87-1.14 length of pro- boscis, pedicel usually pale with a patch of short fine hairs, scales or both mesally, flagellomere 1 pale v/ith a few small scales; clypeus brown, bare; maxillary p3.1pus 0.17-0.28 length of proboscis; proboscis usually brown with pale ven- tral markings, 0,98-1.33 length of femur I; eyes narrowly separated; inter ocular and ocular setae well developed; ocular line covered with pale scales ( punctif emoris has broad scales on this area); vertex with dorsum covered with narrow decumbent scales except in punctifemoris and wain- wrighti v/hich have dorsum covered with broad decumbent scales; numerous erect forked scales on occiput and vertex extending anteriorly to ocular line (vertex of wainv/righti without erect forked scales). Thorax. Scutum covered with narrow curved scales (punctifemoris also has small patches of broad scales), arrangement and color of scale patterns varies with the species; scutellum with scales broad, narrow or both; median anterior promontory, acrostichal (absent in wain- wrighti) . anterior and posterior dorsocentral (anterior ones absent in v^ainwrighti) , scutal fossal, supra-alar, posterior medial scutal, postalar callular, and median and lateral scutellar bristles well developed; antepronota widely- separated with narrow curved scales (culicinus, puncti- femoris, vexans and wainwrighti have some broad scales) and several well developed bristles; postpronotum with narrow curved scales (culicinus, vexans and vexans nipponii also have a few broad ones and punctifemoris has only broad scales) and 3-10 posterior bristles; propleuron with broad scales (mediolineatus and pallidostriatus have narrow scales) and several bristles; postspiracular area with broad or nar- rov/ scales (alboscutellatus, lowisii, orbitae, punctifemoris and wainv/righti without scales) and ^-11 bristles; sub- spiracular area with 1 or 2 patches of scales (nigrostriatus and orbitae have this area bare and alboscutellatus and lowisii have a patch of short fine hairs); mesepisternum with an upper and a posterior patch of broad scales and several upper and posterior bristles, lov/er ones shorter; prealar knob without scales (mediolineatus, pallidostriatus, taeniorhynchoides, vexans and vexans nipponii have a few scales) and several bristles; paratergite with scales (lov/isii without scales); mesepimeron with a patch of broad scales and several bristles on upper area, lower area bare; other pleural areas bare. Legs, Coxae I-III each with several bristles and usually broad scales; trochanters I- III with broad scales; femora I-III with various scale pat- terns but usually each with a white dorsoapical spot, III usually with most of anterior pale scaled? tibiae I-III v/ith various scale patterns; tarsi I-III with basal bands, dorso- basal pale spots or without ornamentation (lowisii also has 8 apical pale scales on tarsomeres); posttarsi I-III each with 2 ungues, I-II each bearing a tooth and III usually simple (may be toothed in pampangensis and vexans) » Wing, Dorsal veins usually covered with moderately broad brown scales with a small pale patch at base of costa, a few species with pale scales intermixed; alula with narrow scales along fringe j remigium with 1-4 bristles, usually 2, Abdomen. Tergum I with a rectangular patch of pale scales on laterotergite » terga with or v/ithout basal pale bands and usually with lateral pale spots; sterna usually pale scaled with some brown markings; terga and sterna v/ith numerous golden bris- tles, mostly along posterior margins. Genitalia. Segment VIII distinctly bilobed ventroapically, usually retracted into segment VII and not visible dorsally; tergum IX bilobed with 3-l6 short bristles on each lobe, lateral portions lightly sclerotized and membranous mesally, entire surface covered with tiny spicules; cerci usually completely ex- tended and visible dorsally, each cercus long, flat with tips sharply rounded, tergal surface covered with short bristles, apical ones longer, entire tergal and sternal surfaces cov- ered with tiny spicules; postgenital plate with a deep median apical indentation, 4-10 bristles on each lobe, en- tire surface covered with tiny spicules; cowl membranous; IX sternum and sigma narrow and covered with minute spicules j atrial plate v/ell developed; insula tongue-like, membranous and covered with tiny spicules; 3 spermathecae, 1 large and 2 slightly smaller ones except in alboscutellatus. culicinus. .jamesi, lowisii and oakleyi which have 1 large spermatheca and 2 rudimentary ones. MALE, Similar to female in general habitus. Head. Antenna plumose with hairs directed mainly dorsally and ven- trally; majcillary palpus with apical 2 segments short and down-turned with numerous apical and ventrolateral bristles, antepenultimate segment with apical portion somewhat swollen and" with several ventrolateral bristles, longer than pro- boscis by 0.50 to 1,00 length of apical segment. Legs. Posttarsi I-III each with 2 ungues, I-II v/ith ungues un- equal, each bearing a tooth, III equal, simple (pallido- striatus, pipersalatus. punctifemoris and taeniorhynchoides have III unequal and simple). Genitalia, Tergum IX bilobed with" 3-11 bristles on each lobe, entire surface covered with minute spicules; gonocoxite moderately long to long and mod- erately broad, dorsal surface usually covered with scattered short bristles with longer ones at apex, lateral margin with long stout bristles from base to apex, ventral surface usu- ally with long stout bristles on distal 0,50, scattered scales' on lateral and ventral surfaces; gonostylus usually complex with apical portion expanded into a mesal lobe and a lateral horn-like structure (gonostylus blade-like in vexans and vexans nipponii) . gonostylar claw attached mesally near middle and usually 1 or more accessory claws at apex; basal mesal lobe with 3-38 bristles and covered with short hair-like spicules; proctiger short to long, paraproct smooth and bluntly pointed or slender with a rounded apex and a • 10 subapical thumb-like process, cereal setae absent; phallo- some with aedeagus with 2 lateral plates connected basally, each plate with 4-7 teeth and covered by a dorsal flap, para- mere long; sternum IX large with the entire surface covered with minute spicules and 2-15 bristles near center. The genitalia of the Oriental species is divided into 2 types based on characteristics of the phallosome and proctiger. Type I (Fig. l4) has the aedeagus divided into 2 lateral plates connected basally, each plate bears 4-7 short blunt lateral teeth on distal O.50 and is covered with a pigmented dorsal flap which is narrow distally and broadly rounded proximally. The proctiger is short and the para- proct is distally slender and apically rounded with a sub- apical thumb-like process. The majority of the Oriental species have type I genitalia. Type II (Fig. 20) has the aedeagus divided into 2 lateral plates connected basally, each plate bears 5-6 long, longitudinal lateral teeth with tergally curved apices and is covered with a pigmented dorsal flap which is narrow distally and tapers to a broad base. The proctiger is long and the paraproct is narrow with a bluntly pointed apex. PUPA. The pupae of the species that occur in Southeast Asia do not, at this time, present any clear-cut subgeneric characters. The pupal chaetotajristles on each lobe; insula tongue-like, membranous, covered with tiny spicules; 3 spermathecae, 1 large and 2 rudimentary ones. 32 KALE (Fig. 1). Similar to female in general habitus. Head. Maxillary palpus brov/n, longer than proboscis by length of apical segment; vertex v/ithout anterodorsal dark patch on lateral surface. Thorax. Antepronotum with a few broad pale scales; postpronotum with fewer scales. Legs. Posttarsi I-III each with 2 ungues, I-II v/ith ungues unequal each bearing a tooth, III equal, simple. Abdomen. Tergum I with a lateral, band of white scales on laterotergite ; terga III-VIII each with a broad basal pale band 5 sternum VIII white scaled. Genitalia (Fig. 1^). Tergum IX strongly bi- lobed with 4-6 bristles on each lobe, entire surface covered with minute spicules; gonocoxite long and moderately broad, dorsal surface with short fine bristles forming an elongate patch along tergomesa.1 margin from apex to base and extending over basal O.25, long stout bristles along outer lateral margin from base to apex and on apical 0.35 of ventral sur- face, scattered short to moderately long bristles me sally on basal O.65 of ventral surface, scattered scales on lateral and ventral surfaces; gonostylus with pedicel narrow and short, distal O.50 greatly expanded v/ith a lateroapical horn- like flap bearing a nLimber of moderately long fine hairs, mesal margin of expanded portion v/ith a moderately long flat- tened, pigmented gonostylar claw near base and 3 small and 1 medium-sized accessory clav/s distally, 3-^ moderately long fine hairs along apical margin and 9-I6 short fine hairs scattered over tergal surface of expanded area; basal mesal lobe short and rounded apically, distal 0,^0 v/ith 3-4 short 33 bristles, entire surface covered with short hair-like spicules; proctiger short, paraproct with a subapical thumb- like process, cereal setae absent; phallosoirie with aedeagus of type I with 2 lateral plates connected basally, each plate with 5-6 short, blunt, lateral teeth on distal 0.55 and covered with a dorsal flap, paramere long, approximately 0,83 length of lateral plate; sternum IX large, entire surface covered with minute spicules, 3-5 bristles near centert PUPA (Fig, 21). Chaetotaxy as figured and recorded in Table 1, Cephalothorax, Hair 5-C with ^-6 branches, 7-C v/ith 3-^ branches; 8-C with 5-9 branches. Respiratory trumpet. Moderately pigmented; with scattered minute spic- ules on distal 0,65 of inner surface; index 3'50-^»50f average 3.87. Metanotum, Hair 10-C with 3-5 branches; 12-C with 4-7 branches. Abdomen. Hair 5-1 with 6-11 branches; l-II with 3-7 branches; 4-II V7ith 2-5 branches; l-III with 6-10 branches 1 6-VI with 2-4 branches; 1-VII with 4-6 branches; 6-VII with 4-10 branches; 9-VII with 2-5 branches; 11-VII double or triple. Paddle , Ovoid; with very minute serrations along basal 0,50 of outer m.argin; tiny spicules along apical O.50 of outer and apical 0,20 of inner margins; midrib does not reach apex; hair 1-P short, double or triple; index 1,09- 1.30, average 1,21. LARVA (Fig, 28), Chaetotaxy as figured. Head. Hairs 1, 3-C single; 4-C with 3-5(3) branches; 5-C with 3-7(3) branches; 6-C with 2-5(3) branches; 7-C with 4-8(6) branches; 3^ 8-C with 2-ii-(i^) branches; 9. H-C with 3-6('4-) branches; 10-C double or triple (3); 12-C with 3-5(5) branches; 13-C double or triple (2); 14-C single or double (1); 15-C with 3-7('+) ' branches; basal maxillary hair single; mental plate with 32-36(3^) teeth. Antenna. Lightly pigmented; numerous spic- ules on basal O.25 and a few scattered over remainder of shaft; hair 1-A with 5-7(5) branches, inserted at 0.^0-0.4? from base; 2-A long; 3-A approximately 0,34 length of 2-A. Thorax. Hair 0-P with 6-11(10) branches; 1, 5. 6, 12-P single; 2-P with 2-i|-(3) branches; 3-P with 3-^(^) branches; k-F with 3-7('!+) branches; 7. H-P with 2-ii-(2) branches; 8, 10-P single or double (1); 9-P double or triple (3); I'^-P single to triple (2); 1-M with 3-7(^) branches; 2-M with Z-l* (2) branches; 3-M with 3-5(3) branches; ^-M with ^+-9(5) branches; 5, 7, 10, 12-M single; 6-M with 3-5(^) branches; 8-M with 5-7(6) branches; 9-M with 6-7(6) branches; 11-M single or double (1); 13-M with 5-10(7) branches; 1^-M with i«.-10(8) branches; 1, 5» 10-T single; 2-T with 4-10(8) branches; 3-T with 7-12(11) branches; 4-T with 3-^(^) branches; 6-T with 2-5(J^) branches; 7-T with 5-7(6) branches; 8-T with 5-12(7) branches; 9-T with 4-6(5) branches; 11-T single or double (2); 12-T single to triple (2); 13-T with 9_19(l4) branches. Abdomen. Hairs 0, 14-VIII single; 1-VIII with 6-11(6) branches; 2-VIII with 2-4(3) branches; 3-VIII with 6-16(9) branches; 4-VIII single or double (2); 5-VIII with 5-9(7) branches; comb with 17-25(19) scales arranged in 3 irregular rows, scales each short and blunt with stout 35 denticles on margins and apex; 1-X double or triple (2); 2-X with 7-12(11) "branches; 3-X single; ventral brush varies from 9 hairs on grid and 3 precratal ones to 12 hairs on grid and 2 precratal ones, usually with 9 hairs on grid and 3 pre- cratal ones; saddle moderately pigmented with minute ridges, incompletely rings segment, with a few spicules along pos- terior margin, acus present; 4 anal gills long, each with a broad base and tapering to a pointed apex. Siphon. Moder- ately pigmented with minute ridges over entire surface; acus present; index 3.00-^^.08, pecten with 15-20(1?) teeth, apical 1-3 teeth smooth and wider spaced than remainder which have a slender attenuate filament v/ith 1-2 basal denticles; hair 1-S with 4-6(5) branches, inserted at 0.59-0.6? from base. TYPE DATA. Lepidotomyia alboscutellata Theobald, holo- type female, Simbang, Huon Gulf, New Guinea. AUSTRALIA, July 1898, Biro, in Magyar Nemzeti Museum, Budapest, Hungary; Culex argentinotus Banks, syntypes male and female, Pinag- salaan Well, Taytay, Rizal, Luzon. PHILIPPINES, 13-1 6 May 1909, C. S, Banks, types nonexistent (Stone et al. 1959* 190) ; Aedes 5murensis Yamada, 4 female and 2 male syntypes, 5 female and 1 male paratypes, Omura, Kyushu, JAPAN, syntype No. 35» in Medical Zoology Laboratory, Institute for In- fectious Diseases, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. DISTRIBUTION. Specimens examined— 1^5 males, 181 fe- males, 156 pupae, ?8 larvae and I5? individual rearings (137 pupal, 20 larval) from the follov/ing locations: INDIA, Assam, Golaghat; INDONESIA, Ceram, Lisabata, Wahari ; Java, Rawaloh, Tjibodas, Mt . Gede, Tijlatjap; New Guinea, Tanah Merah, Upper 36 Digul River; Sumatra, Bengkoelem, Blang Kedjeren, Dermaja, Dramajoe, Benkoclen, Kotta Tjane, Mocra Tebo; MLAYSIA, Pahang, Cameron's Highlands; Sarawak, Kuching; Selangor, Kuala Lumpur, Ulu Gambok; Segambut; PHILIPPINES, Batangas, Pto. Tomas; Leyte, Jinamoc Is,; Luzon, La Union, Anastacio, Bacnotan; Mindoro, Caminawlt, Kabakan, San Jose; Palawan, Puerta Prlncisa; Samar, San Antonio, Calaccad, Tav/i Tav^i Is.; SOLOMON ISLANDS, Bunana; New George Is., Munda; SOUTH VIETNAM, An-Khe, Plei Ku; THAILAND, Khon Kaen; Lampang; Ma.ha. Sarakham ; Nakhon Rate has ima ; Nan; Narathiwat ; Songkhla ; Ubon Thani ; Talum. Other distribution. ADMIRALTY ISLANDS (Belkin f962: 42?, Iyengar 1955*. ^27; AUSTRALIA, Northern Territory, Daly River, Doctor's Gully (Edwards 192^"! 372); Queensland (Edv/ards 1922b: ^-67); BURMA (Edwards 1922b! if67); Bhamo (Barraud 193^: 251); CEYLON, Matate (Senior- V/hite 1923: 76); YORK ISLAND (Taylor 193^: 20); INDIA, Bombay Deccan, Tavargatti; Upper Assam Valley (Barraud 1928! 659) J Belgaum; Bengal, Sukna, Darjeeling; Bihar, Pusa; Assam, Sibsagar (Barraud 193^-J 251); Poona City (Rao and Rajago- palan 1957: 10); INDONESIA, Sumatra, Atohin; Benkoelen, Air Prioeka; D .iambi, Moeara Tebo; Lam pong, Lampong (Brug and Edv/ards 1931* 25^); Nevv Guinea, Inanwatan, Hollandia, P, Pam, Sokori Plain (Assam and Bonne-V/epster 196^! 98); Morotai (Bonne-V/epster 195^^'. 237); JAPAN, Omura, Kiushu (Yamada 1921: 76); NEV/ BRITAIN, Taylor 193^)-! 20); NEiV GUINEA, Friedrich-V/ilhelmshafen, Huon Golf, Simbang (Theobald 1905b! 81); PHILIPPINES, Zamboanga, Pettit Barracks; Min- danao (Dyar and Shannon 1925! 77); Ri.zal, Taytay, Pinag- salaan V/ell (Banks 1909: 5^-^8); Lag una, Los Banos (Bohart 19^'-5s 63); Palawan, Bacungan; Samar, Osmena; Zamboanga, Mercedes, Zamboanga City (Knight and Hull 1953: ^59);' SOLOMON ISLANDS, Bougainville (Belkin 1962: ^27); THAILAND, Nakhon Phanom (Parrish 1963b! 2); SOUTH VIETNAM, Phan Rang (Parrish 1968a! 3)o TAXONOMIC DISCUSSION. Aedes alboscutellatus is very similar to the following Oriental and Pacific Islands species in the adult habitus ! .jamesi, lowisii, oakleyi, senyaviiiensis, culicinus and trukensis. It can be easily se- parated from the first 2 species by the dark tarsi and from the latter 3 species by the broad silvery scales on the scutellum, Alboscutellatus differs from pakleyi by the following char- acters! femora II-III each with a dorsoapical silvery spot; 37 abdominal terga with very narrow basal white bands; and head with an anterodorsal brown spot on lateral surface; v/hile oakleyi has: femora II -III each with a small lateroapical white spot; abdominal terga with broad basal white bands; and head entirely pale scaled. In addition to the above features, albosc utellatus also has the subspiracular area with only short fine hairs and the postspiracular area without scales. The female possesses 1 large and 2 rudimentary spermathecae and shares this fea- ture with culicinus. jamesi, lowisii and oakleyi. The il- lustration of the female genitalia of albosc utellatus by Hara (1957: 91) shows 1 large and 2 slightly smaller spermathecae and therefore must belong to some other species. The male genitalia of albosc utellatus is similar to those of culicinus. .jamesi, lowisii. oakleyi and senya- vinensis. The following character combination can be used in separating albosc utellatus from the other related species: gonostylus with 9-l6 short fine hairs scattered over tergal surface of expanded area; gonostylar claw with apex pointed; 3-4 accessory claws; aedeagus with 5-6 lateral teeth on each plate; basal raesal lobe with 3~^■ bristles; tergum IX with 4-6 bristles on each lobe; and sternum IX with 3-5 bristles; culicinus possesses: gonostylus with 17-24 short fine hairs on tergal surface of expanded area; no accessory claws; aedeagus with 6-7 lateral teeth on each plate; basal mesal lobe with 6-10 bristles; tergum IX with 4-8 bristles on each lobe; and sternum IX with 3-5 bristles; .jamesi possesses: 38 gonostylus with 23-24 short fine hairs on tergal surface of expanded area; 2 accessory claws; aedeagus with 4-5 lateral teeth on each plate; basal mesal lobe with 4-5 bristles; tergum IX with 5-7 bristles on each lobe; and sternum IX with 3-4 bristles; lowisii possesses: gonostylus with 1-8 short fine hairs on tergal surface of expanded area; 4-5 accessory claws; aedeagus with 6-7 lateral teeth on each plate; basal mesal lobe with 4-5 bristles; tergum IX with 3-4 bristles on each lobe; and sternum IX with 4 bristles; oakleyi possesses; gonostylus with 12-15 short fine hairs on tergal surface of expanded area; gonostylar claw with apex blunt; 2 accessory claws; aedeagus with 5 lateral teeth on each plate; basal mesal lobe with 4 bristles; tergum IX with 3-4 bristles on each lobe; and sternum IX with 5-6 bristles; and senvavinensis possesses: gonostylus with 31- 34 short fine hairs on tergal surface of expanded area; 2 accessory claws; aedeagus with S-^ lateral teeth on each plate; basal mesal lobe with 8 bristles; tergum IX with 5-6 bristles on each lobe; and sternum IX with 8 bristles. The larva of alboscutellatus is similar to pipersalatus and can be recognized by a difference in the shape of the comb scales and the siphon index which is 3.00-4.08 and in pipersalatus is 5»'^0-S*5^' BIOLOGY, In the Philippines, immatures have been col- lected from water in ground pools, foxholes and sunlit road- side ponds; adults have been taken biting nan and cattle and resting in foxholes. Adults have also been collected feeding 39 on cattle and man in forests in Thailand, in the jungles of Ceram in the afternoon and in Malaysia during the evening. In Java, adults have been taken at an altitude of ^,000 feet. Immatures have been collected from. jungle pools in Malaysia, from a road rut completely covered with grass in New Guinea and from clear v/ater in a primeval forest in Sumatra. Immatures have been found in flooded sv.-amp areas, wood- land pools, rockholes and potholes in a streambed while adults were collected biting during the daytime in forested areas of the Solomon Islands (Belkin 1962: ^26), In Malaysia, Macdonald (1957s 21) states this species bites man in inland forests and has been taken at treetop levels. Macdonald and Traub (196O: 100) also record the larvae in ground pools in this country, Steffan (1966: 212) in New Guinea found larvae in shallow pools at the edge of the jungle, open areas, wheel ruts and had taken the adults in carabao baited traps. In India, larvae were collected from jungle pools (Barraud I928: 659, 193^1-: 251) and adults from indoor shelters (Rao and Rajagopalan 195?: 10). Penn (19ij-8: 24-5) made a larval collection in the Philippines from a permanent ditch which contained clear, stagnant ' water with a pH of 6,5, Females have been taken at a light in Malaysia (Edv/ards 1928: 53), ^0 AEDES ( AEDII.10RPHUS ) CAECUS (THEOBALD) Culex caecus Theobald 1901, Monogr. Cul. 1: 413 (F*); Giles 1902, Handb., 2nd. Ed., p. 4l5 (F); Blanchard 1905, Moust., p. 305 (F){ Theobald I905, Genera Insec . , Fasc. 26: 26; Brunetti I9O7, Rec. Indian Mus. 1: 3^3. Pecomyia caeca Theobald, Theobald I907, Monogr. Cul. 4:268 (M,F*); Theobald I9IO, Monogr. Cul. 5: 260; Brunetti 1912, Rec. Indian Mus. 4: 459, Geitonomyia Caecus (Theobald), Leicester I9O8, Cul. Malaya, p. 13^. Ochlerotatus caecus Theob.. Brunetti 1920, Rec. Indian Mus. 17» 137. Aedes (Ecculex) caecus Theo., Edwards 1922b, Indian J, med. Res. 10: 467, Aedes (Aedimorphus) caecus Theo., Brug 1924, Bull. ent. Res. 14: 436 (L*7; Borel 1930, Coll. Soc. Path. exot. Monogr. 3: 27I (M*,F,L*); Edv;ards 1932, Genera Insec . , Fasc. 194: I7O; Barraud 1934, Fauna Brit. India, Diptera 5: 257 (M*,F,L*). Aedes (Aedimorphus) caecus (Theo,), Barraud I928, Indian J. med. Res. iji ^3 (M*,F); Stone et al. 1959, Thomas Say Found. 6: I9I . Aedes (Aedimorphus) caecus Theobald, Bonne-Wepster 1954, Doc, med. Geogr. Trop^ ZT 237 (M,F*,L*), FEMALE (Fig. 2), Head. Antenna dark brown, approxi- mately 1.10 of proboscis, pedicel pale with a few small pale scales and a patch of short fine black hairs mesally, flagel- lomere 1 pale with a few small brown scales; clypeus dark brown, bare; maxillary palpus brov/n scaled, approximately 0.18 length of proboscis; proboscis brown scaled with pale scales on lateral and ventral surfaces from near base to distal 0.25, pale area somewhat broader basally, approxi- mately 1.04 length of femur I; vertex with dorsum covered with narrow decumbent scales arranged in an anterior brown ^1 patch and white scales laterally and posteriorly; lateral surface covered with broad pale scales and an anterodorsal dark patch; numerous dark brown erect forked scales on oc- ciput and vertex extending anteriorly to ocular line. Thorax, Scutal integument dark brownish-black; scutum covered with narrow curved reddish-black scales, narrow curved white scale patches on median anterior promontory area, scutal fossal areas (extending from anterior area along margin and onto lateral area), along scutal ridge from scutal angle posteromesally onto dorsocentral setal line, supra-alar area from base of wing posteromesally to dorso- central setal line, posterior medial scutal area and along margins of prescutellar space; scutellura with a patch of narrow curved white scales and a few broad white ones on each lobe, broad scales on lateral lobes longer than on median lobe; median anterior promontory, acrostichal, dorso- central (anterior and posterior), scutal fossal (anterior, 2-3 lateral and 1 posterior), supra-alar, several posterior medial scutal, 1 postalar callular and scutellar (lateral and median) bristles reddish-black and v/ell developed, others absent; pleural integuraent dark brov/n; antepronotura v/ith nar- row curved v/hite scales, several long golden to brown bristles; postpronotum covered with narrow curved scales, dark reddish-black ones anteriorly and dorsally, large lower patch of white ones, 6-7 posterior brown bristles; pro- pie uron with a patch of broad white scales, several golden bristles; postspiracular area v/ith a patch of broad white kz scales and a few narrow covered ones anteriorly, 5-8 golden "bristles; subspiracular area with 2 patches of broad white scales, lower one larger; mesepisternura v/ith an upper and a posterior patch of broad white scales, several upper and posterior golden bristles, lower ones shorter; prealar knob with several golden bristles; paratergite with a row of moderately broad white scales on lateroventral margin; raese- pimeron with a patch of broad white scales and several golden bristles on upper area; other pleural areas bare. Legs* Coxae I-III each with several dark brov/n bristles, I with anterior covered with broad white scales and a patch of brown ones at about middle, II with anterior covered with broad white scales. III with an anteroventral small patch of broad white scales; trochanters I-III each with a patch of broad white scales; femora I-III each v/ith a dorsobasal white spot and a few apical white scales on lateral surfaces, I-II each with anterior brown and a few pale scales on ventral surface, III with anterior and posterior brown with a white stripe from base to near apex, stripe broad basally and tapering to a point apically, I-II v/ith posterior white with a brown stripe from base to apex, stripe ventral on I and dorsal on II; tibiae I-III brown, I with a postero- ventral longitudinal v/hite stripe and a dorsoapical white spot, II-III each with a posterior longitudinal white stripe, a narrow basal v/hite band and a few dorsoapical white scales, stripe on III on apical 0,80; tarsi I-II brown with tarsomeres 1-3 each with a dorsobasal white spot; 43 tarsus III with tarsomeres 1-3 each with a narrow basal white band, tarsomere 4 with a dorsobasal v/hite spot; posttarsi I- III each v/ith 2 ungues, I-II equal, each bearing a tooth, III equal, simple. Wing. Dorsal veins covered with moder- ately broad brown scales; costa with a patch of broad white scales at base; ventral veins brov/n scaled; alula with nar- row brown scales along fringe; 2 remigial bristles. Halter. Pedicel pale, capitellum white scaled with a few brown scales mesally. Abdomen. Terga brown; tergum I with a few basomedian pale scales and a rectangular patch of v/hite scales on laterotergite ; terga II-VI each with a basal white band, bands wider on III-V in Thailand specimens; tergum VII with a few basomedian and apical white scales; terga II-VII each with a large laterobasal v/hite patch covering most of lateral surface, a few brown scales forming an indistinct dark spot tov/ard the center of each v/hite patch, on some specimens white patch reduced or absent on VII and brown scales more numerous on lateral surfaces of III~VI ; sterna white scaled with a narrow posterior brown band on III-IV and usually a few brown scales on posterior of V-VI ; terga and sterna with numerous golden bristles, mostly along posterior margins. Genitalia. Segment VIII distinctly bi- lobed ventroapically, retracted into segment VII; tergum IX bilobed with 3-6 bristles on each lobe; cercus long, com- pletely extended and visible dorsally; postgenital plate v/ith a deep median apical indentation with 4-8 bristles on each lobe; insula tongue-like, membranous, covered with tiny spicules; 3 spermathecae, 1 large and 2 slightly smaller ones. r.lALE (Fig, 2), Similar to female in general habitus. Head. Maxillary palpus brown with segments 2-5 each with a white basal band, longer than proboscis by O.50 length of apical segment; vertex with narrow scaled area reduced. Legs. Posttarsi I-III each with 2 ungues, I-II with ungues unequal, each bearing a tooth, III equal, simple. Abdomen. Terga II-VII each with a narrow dorsobasal white band con- • nected to a laterobasal v/hite patch; tergum VIII completely white scaled; sterna III-VIII with a narrow posterior brown band. Genitalia (Fig. 15). Tergum IX strongly bilobed with 4-8 bristles on each lobe, entire surface covered with minute spicules; gonocoxite long and moderately broad, dorsal sur- face covered with scattered short fine bristles and a few moderately long ones on O.30 of lateroapical margin, numer- ous long stout bristles along lateral margin from base to apex, ventral surface with long stout bristles on apical 0.25 and along distal O.6O of sternomesal margin, a few . moderately long bristles below and mixed with long ones, scattered scales on lateral and ventral surfaces; gono- stylus with pedicel long and narrow, base somewhat broader, distal 0,38 expanded into a mesal lobe and a lateral, nar- row, apically rounded horn attached approximately O.78 from base with a short fine hair at apex, mesal expanded lobe with a moderately long, somev/hat flattened, apically pointed gonostylar claw attached mesally near base, 3-5 short stout ^5 "bristles along apical margin, mesal one short and others each increasing in length, 3 short fine hairs along mesal margin of distal 0,50 of pedicel; basal mesal lobe short and rounded apically, distal 0,25 with 5-8 short bristles, entire surface covered with short hair-like spicules; proctiger short, paraproct with a subapical thumb-like process, cereal setae absent; phallosome with aedeagus of type I with 2 lateral plates connected basally, each plate with 6-7 short blunt lateral teeth on distal O.58 and covered with a dorsal flap, paramere long, approximately 0.90 length of lateral plate; sternum IX large, entire sur- face covered with minute spicules, 7-15 bristles near center. PUPA (Fig, 22), Chaetotaxy as figured and recorded in Table 2, Patches of spicules on middorsal ridge of cephalo- thorax extending to metanotum, on metanotum mesally between hairs 10-C and on abdomen between hairs l-I. A minute addi- tional hair (4a) on III-V between bases of hairs 4 and 5» Hair S-^ with 2-5 branches; 7-C with 2-4 branches; 8-C with 5-7 branches. Respiratory trumpet. Lightly pigmented; with scattered minute spicules on distal 0.75 of inner surface; index 3.67-4,21, average 3.85. Metanotum. Hair 10-C with 7-11 branches; 12-G with 5-8 branches. Abdomen, Hair 5-1 with 6-10 branches; l-II with 20-32 branches; 4-II with 2-5 branches; l-III with 5-8 branches; 6-VI single or double; 1-VII with 2-5 branches; 6, 9-VII with 3-7 branches; 11-VII single. Paddle, Ovoid; with very minute serrations along basal 0,55 of outer margin; minute spicules on distal ^6 dorsolateral 0.25 of outer surface; midrib does not reach apex; hair 1-P short, single; index 1.1^-1.47, average 1.25. LARVA (Fig. 29), Chaetotaxy as figured. Head. Hairs 1, 3. 1^-C single; 4-C with ^-8(5) branches; 5-C with S-1 (5) branches; 6-C with ^-5(4) branches; 7-C with 7-11(9) branches; 8, 10-C with 2-4(3) branches; 9-C with 3-4(3) branches; 11-C with 4-10(6) branches; 12-C with 5-8(5) branches; 13-C with 5-7(6) branches; 15-C with 4-6(5) branches; basal maxillary hair single; mental plate with 22-24(22) teeth. Antenna. Lightly pigmented; spicules scattered over entire shaft, more numerous on basal 0,50; hair 1-A with 5-7(5) branches, inserted at 0,45-0,52 from base; 2-A long; 3-A approximately 0,50 length of 2~A. Thorax. Hair 0-P with 5-12(5) branches; 1, 5, 6, lO/ 12-P single; 2, 8-P double; 3-P with 2-4(3) branches; 4, 11-P with 2-4(2) branches; 7-P double or triple (3)> 9-P single to triple (2); 14-P single to double (1); 1-M with 3-6(3) branches; 2-lvI with 1-5(1) branches; 3» 11-M single to double (1); 4-M with 3-7(3) branches; 5, 7» 10, 12-M single; 6-M with 4-7(5) branches; 8, 9-M with 5-9(7) branches; 13-M with 4-10(8) branches; 14-M with 5-9(6) branches; 1, 12-T single to triple (1); 2-T with 3-6(5) branches; 3-T with 6-16(9) branches; 4-T with 3-5(4) branches; 5, 10-T single; 6-T with 2-4(3) branches; 7-T with 7-10(9) branches; 8-T with 4-7(5) branches; 9-T with 5-8(7) branches; 11-T single or double (1); 13-T with 6-9(8) branches. Abdomen« Hairs 0, 4, 14-VIII single; 1-VIII with 5-8(6) branches; 2-VIII with ^7 2-4(3) tranches; 3-VIII with 8-15(12) tranches} 5-VIII with 1^-7(5) branches; comb with 23-32 (2^^) scales arranged in 3 irregular rows, scales short and bluntly rounded with short stout denticles along lateral and apical margins; 1, 3-X single; 2-X with 9-12(11) branches; ventral brush varies from 9 hairs on grid and 2 precratal ones to 10 hairs on grid and 2 precratal ones, usually with 10 hairs on grid and 1 precratal hair; saddle lightly pigmented with minute rid- ges, incompletely rings segment, with a few spicules along posterior margin, acus absent; 4 anal gills long, each with a broad base and tapering to a pointed apex. Siphon. Lightly pigmented with ridges over entire surface; 2-^■ rows of stout spicules circling apex; usually a dorsal and a ventral patch of spicules at about middle of siphon, these patches vary considerably from one to both absent to both extending over 0A5 of the siphon; acus absent; index 3il3- 3,^7; pecten with 16-23(21) teeth, apical 2-3 teeth longer, smooth and wider spaced than remainder which have a slender attenuate filament with 1-3 basal denticles; hair 1-S with k-6{5) branches, inserted at 0,77-0.83 from base. TYPE DATA, Culex caecus Theobald, holotype female,. Klang Mangrove Swamp, Selangor, MLAYSIA, 28 October 1899» A. L. Butler, in British Museum (Natural History). DISTRIBUTION. Specimens examined--398 males, 623 fe- males, 3^6 pupae, 5^3 larvae and 569 individual rearings (3^1 pupal, 228 larval) from the following locations: CAMBODIA, Phnom-Penh; CHINA, Shanghai, Yunnan; EAST PAKISTAN, Chittagong Hill Tracts. Rangamatti; INDIA, Assam, Chabua, J^8 Dibrugarb, Doom Dooma, Tezpur; Malabar Coast; INDONESIA, Ceram, Ilatoenoera; Java, Batavia, Gomrong, Padaherang, Pelaboean Ratoe, Ravvallah, Uodjowarna; Sumatra (?), Katta Tjane; MALAYSIA, Kedah. Changlum, Sintok F. R, ; Kelantan. Bertam; Pa hang;, Bt. Belong, Chegar, Kuala Lipis, Merapoh, Perah; Perils. Bt, Bintang F. R., Chlor F. R., Kg. Gunong, Kg. Prok Buah, Mata Ayer, To'Kayaman; Selangor, Ampang F« R., Klang Mangroves, Puchong, Segambut, Ulu Gombak, Ulu Klang; Trengganu. Kula Brang, Marang; Segambut, Serdang; PHILIPPINES, Palav/an, Panitian; SINGAPORE? SOUTH VIETNAM, An-Khe, Bu Dop, Due My, Tay Minh; THAILAI^D, Chiang Mai; Kanchanaburi ; Khon Kaenj L ampang; Mae Hongson; "Nakhpn Ratchasima; Nakon Si Thammarat; Nan; NarathiV'/at"; Fhangnga; Ranong ; Songkhla; Tak. Other distribution. BURMiA", Rangoon (Barraud 193''?': 258); EAST PAKISTAN, Rangamat'ci. Chittagong Hill Tracts (Barraud 193^s 258); INDIA, Assam, Dinapur; Bengal, Sukna; Colaghat (Barraud 193^+: 258 j; E. Himalayas (Theobald 1910a: 21); INDONESIA, New Guinea; Sumatra (McDonald 1957' 21); Sumatra, Atchin, Kotta Tjane; Djambi, Moeara Tebo (Brug and Edwards 1931: 258); MALAYSIA, Selangor. Kepong, Panjang (McDonald 195?: 21); NEPAL, Gandaki. Kaski, Pokhara (Joshi et al. I965: 139); SOUTH VIETNAM (Borel 1930: 271); THAILAND, Chieng Moean^- (Causey 1937: M3). TAXONOMIC DISCUSSION, Aedes caecus shares a number of characters with yexans which became evident during this study when a number of adult female caecus were found in several museum collections labeled as vexans. It can be separated from yexans by the follov/ing features: femur II with anterior brown scaled; scutum with 3-^■ bristles on scutal fossal area; scutellum with both narrow curved and broad white scales on each lobe; postspiracular area with 5-6 bristles; prealar knob v/ithout scales; and female palpus brown v/hile vexans has: femur II with white scales inter- mixed v/ith brown ones on anterior; scutum with 7-10 bristles on scutal fossal area; scutellum with narrow curved golden- white scales on each lobe; postspiracular area v;ith 8-9 bristles; prealar knob with a few broad white scales; and Li.(^ female palpus with apex white scaled. Caecus also super- ficially resembles culicinus from which it is easily dis- tinguished by the banded tarsi. The pupa is characterized by the following features: a large patch of spicules mesally between abdominal hairs l-I ; hairs 4a-III-V minute; hairs 10-V-VI long and single; and hair 7-VI long and single. The larval stage resembles orbitae and is discussed under that species. Edwards (1913s 228) synonymized Aedes suknaensis Theobald with Aedes imprirr.ens Walker but later (193^*' 170) he questionably included it v/ith caecus. Barraud (1928: 663) listed suknaensis as a synonym of imprimens but stated that he thought suknaensis and caecus v/ere possibly con- specific. In this same article (Plate 61, Fig. 1) he also illustrated the male genitalia of caecus but mistakingly called it imprimens. Later, Barraud (193^! 257) followed Edwards and listed suknaensis as a synonym of caecus. I have examined a cotype of suknaensis from Sukna, India, in the British Museum (Natural History) and find it not to be caecus but very similar to imprimens. It differs, however, from imprimens in having denser patches of scales on the pleural thoracic areas and scutellum and possessing a number of short fine golden hairs mixed with the single patch of broad white scales on the subspiracular area. Aedes suknaensis belongs in the subgenus Edwardsaedes Belkin and may be a distinct species from imprimens. but since no males 50 have been found and the habitus of the adults are very similar I am retaining it with imprimens for the present. Aedes caecus can be separated from imprimens by having 2 patches of scales on the subspiracular area. BIOLOGY. In Thailand, immatures have been collected from water in a rice paddy, ground pools, pits, puddles, elephant tracks and a pesthole. Larvae in South Vietnam v/ere taken from water in a tire, marshy depression, rock pool, foxhole, ground pools, artificial container, pool in a concrete piling and a jungle pool. In Java, larvae were collected in wheel ruts and adults taken indoors. Adults were collected biting cattle, and larvae from hoofprints in Malaysia. Larvae in India were found in muddy puddles and a swamp. Larvae were collected from a buffalo wallov/ on a high plateau in Thailand (Causey 1937: ^13); ground pools in China (Chow 1949: 129); and natural pools in open jungle in India (Barraud 1934: 258) and New Guinea (Steffan 19661 212). In Malaysia, adults readily fed on man and domestic animals and immatures were collected from pools and earthen- ware pots (Macdonald 1957 « 21), AEDES (AEDIMORPHUS) CULICINUS EDWARDS Aedes (Ecculex) culicinus Edwards 1922a, Indian J. med. Res, 10: 271 (M*, F); Edv/ards 1922b, Indian J. med. Res. 10: 467, Aedes (Aedimorphus) culicinus (EdWo), Barraud 1928, Indian J, med. Res. 15: 667 (M*,F). 51 Aedes (Aedimorohus) culicinus Edwards, Edwards 1932, Genera Insec, rase. 19^: 169; Barraud 193^, Fauna Brit. India, Diptera 5: 252 (Ivi*,F), Aedes (Aediir.orphas) culicinus Edwards, Stone et al. 1959. Thomas Say Found, 6: 191. FEMLE (Fig. 3). Head. Antenna dark brown, approxi- mately equal in length to proboscis, pedicel dark with a few small dusky scales and a patch of short fine brown hairs mesally, flagellomere 1 with a few dusky scales; clypeus dark, bare; maxillary palpus brown scaled, approximately 0.17 length of proboscis; proboscis brovm scaled with a pale ventral strip extending from near base to distal 0.25, ap- proximately 1.06 length of femur I; vertex with dorsum covered v/ith narrow decumbent scales arranged in an antero- median diamond-shaped brov/n group and the remainder v/hite j lateral surface covered with broad white scales, an antero- dorsal dark patch and a dusky area anterior to the ante- pronotum; numerous dark brown erect forked scales on occiput and vertex extending anteriorly to the ocular line. Thorax, Scutal integument dark brown; scutum covered with narrow curved reddish-brown scales; narrow curved v/hite scales forming patches on anterior promontory area, scutal fossal areas (one on anterior extending along margin onto lateral area and a patch on posterior area), scutal angles, supra- alar areas, posterior medial scutal area and along lateral margins of prescutellar space; scutellum with a patch of narrow curved white scales on each lobe; median anterior promontory, acrostichal, dorsocentral (anterior and 52 posterior), scutal fossal (anterior, 3-^ lateral, 1-2 median and 1 posterior), supra-alar, several posterior medial soutal, 1 postalar callular and scutellar (lateral and median) bristles reddish-black and v/ell developed; pleural integument brown} antepronotum with narrov/ curved white scales and some moderately broad ones, several long brown bristles; postpronotum with narrow curved brown scales dor- sally and v.'hite ones posteriorly, a lower posterior patch of broad v/hite scales, 5-7 posterior brovmish bristles; propleuron with a patch of broad v/hite scales, several pale bristles; postspiracular area with a patch of broad white scales, 5-7 golden bristles; subspiracular area with 2 patches of broad white scales, lower one larger; mese- pisternum with an upper and a posterior patch of broad white scales, several upfjer and posterior pale bristles, lower ones shorter; prealar knob with several pale brown bristles; paratergite with a rov; of broad white scales; mesepimeron with a patch of broad white scales and several pale bristles on upper area; other pleural areas bare. Legs* Coxae I-III each with several pale bristles, I v/ith anterolateral white scales and a lateral brown patch, II with anterior v/hite scaled; trochanters I-III each v/ith a patch of broad v/hite scales; femora I-III each with a fev/ pale lateral scales at apex, II-III each with an antero- ventral v/hite stripe, wider on III, I-III each with a posterior broad v/hite longitudinal stripe from base to ap- proximately 0.75» stripe dorsal on I and ventral on II-III; 53 tibiae I-III with anterior trown, a few dorsal and lateral pale scales at apices, posterior brov/n with a longitudinal pale stripe, I with stripe posteroventral, II-III with stripe posteromedian; tarsi I-III brown; posttarsi I-III each with 2 ungues, I-II equal, each bearing a tooth, III equal, sim- ple # Wing, Dorsal veins covered v/ith moderately broad brown scales; costa with v;hite scales at base and on poster- ior at humeral cross vein; ventral veins brown scaled; alula with narrow brown scales along fringe; 2 remigial bristles. Halter. Pedicel pale, capitellum white scaled. Abdomen, Terga brown; tergum I with a few dorsomedian white scales and a rectangular patch of v/hite scales on laterotergite ; terga II-VI each v/ith a narrow dorsobasal white band; tergum VII with a triangular dorsobasal pale patch; terga II-VI each with a large laterobasal v/hite spot, a few brown scales in center of spots, VII with a few lateromedian white scales; sterna pale scaled v/ith lateromedian pale brown spots; terga and sterna v/ith numerous pale golden bristles, mostly along posterior margins. Genitalia. Segment VIII distinctly bi- lobed ventroapically, retracted into segment VII; tergum IX bilobed v/ith 6-10 bristles on each lobe; cercus long, 0,60 extended and partially visible dor sally; postgenital plate with a deep median apical indentation v/ith ^-8 bristles on each lobe; insula tongue-like, membranous, covered v/ith tiny spicules; 3 spermathecae, 1 large and 2 rudimentary ones, MALE (Fig, 3)o Similar to female in general habitus. Head. Kaxillary palpus with dorsal pale scale patches on 5^ middle of segments 2 and 3» longer than proboscis by length of apical segment; vertex without anterodorsal dark scale patch on lateral surface. Legs. Posttarsi I-III each with 2 ungues, I-II with ungues unequal, each bearing a tooth, III equal, simple. Wing. Dorsal veins completely brown scaled. Abdomen. Tergum I with a lateral band of white scales on laterotergite ; terga II-VIII each with a narrow dorsobasal v/hite band, usually 2-^ white scales on latero- median surfaces of II-VII, Genitalia. Tergum IX bilobed with ^--8 bristles on each lobe, entire surface covered with minute spicules; gonocoxite long and moderately broad, dorsal surface with a large dense patch of short bristles along tergomesal margin from near base to distal 0,30, numerous long stout bristles on lateral margin from base to apex, ventral surface with similar bristles on distal 0,25 with moderately long and short ones proximally, scattered scales on lateral and ventral surfaces; gonostylus with pedicel short and broad, distal O.50 greatly expanded with a latero- tergal horn-like flap covered with numerous long fine hairs and terminating in an apical point, me sal margin of expanded portion with a short flat curved pigmented gonostylar claw mesally near middle, a patch of 6-13 fine hairs basal to claw and a tergal patch of 5-9 similar ones, 8-11 fine hairs along apical margin; basal mesal lobe short and rounded apically, distal 0,50 with 6-10 short bristles, entire surface covered with short hair-like spicules; proctiger short, paraproct with a subapical thumb-like process, cereal setae absent; bS phallosome with aedeagus of type I v/ith 2 lateral plates connected basally, each plate with 6-7 short, blunt, lateral teeth on distal 0.5^ and covered with a dorsal flap, para- mere long, approximately O.78 length of lateral plate; ster- num IX large, entire surface covered with minute spicules, 3-5 bristles near center. PUPA (Fig. 23), Chaetotaxy as figured and recorded in Table 3. C ephalo thorax . Hair 5-C with 4-6 branches; 7-C with 3-5 branches; 8-C with 5-9 branches. Respiratory trum- pet. Moderately pigmented; with scattered minute spicules on distal 0,65 of inner surface; index 3.61-4,90, average 4.37. Metanotum. Hair 10-C with 6-9 branches; 12-C with 4-7 branches. Abdomen. Hair 5-1 with 7-12 branches; l-II with 14-20 branches; 4-II with 2-5 branches; 14-II single; l-III with 7-13 branches; 6-VI double or triple; 1-VII with 5-8 branches; 6-VII with 6-9 branches; 9-YII v/ith 4-5 bran- ches; 11-VII double. Paddle. Ovoid; v/ith very minute ser- rations along basal 0,55 of outer margin; tiny spicules along apical 0,45 of outer and apical 0,30 of inner margins; midrib does not reach apex; hair 1-P short, single or double; index 1.13-1.3^. average 1.22. LARVA (Fig, 30), Chaetotaxy as figured. Head. Hairs 1. 3. 1^-C single; 4-C with 5-7(7) branches; 5-C with 3-4 (3) branches; 6-C triple; 7-C with 4-6(6) branches; 8-G with 2-6(2) branches; 9-C with 2-5(5) branches; 10-C single or double (2); ll-C with 2-5(3) branches; 12-C with 3-4(4) 56 branches; 13-C with k branches; I5-C double; basal maxillary- hair single; mental plate with 23-25 teeth. Antenna* Moder- ately pigmented; scattered stout spicules over entire shaft, spicules somewhat longer past middle; hair 1-A with 5-8(7) branches, inserted at 0,37-0«^2 from base; 2-A long; 3-A ap- proximately 0.96 length of 2-A. Thorax. Hair 0-P with 7-10 (8) branches; 1, 5. 6, 8, 10, 12, l4-P single; 2, 7, 11-P double; 3-P with 3-^(3) branches; 4-P double or triple (2); 9-P single or double (2); 1-M with 3-8(^) branches; 2-Ivi with 2-l4-i3) branches; 3-M single or double (1); 4-M double or triple (3); 5, 7. 10-12-Ivl single; 6-M with ^-6(4-) branches; 8-M with 3-^-(^) branches; 9-M with 3-6(5) branches; 13-M with ^-SiS) branches; l4-M with 5-Si5) branches; 1-T single to triple (3); 2-T with 4-13(6) branches; 3-T with 4-8(5) branches; 4, Q-T with 2-4(3) branches; 5, 10-12-T single; 6-T single or double (2); 7-T with 5-6(5) branches; 8-T with 4-6(4) branches; 13-T with 4-7(5) branches. Abdomen. Kairs 0, 14-VIII single; 1-VIII with 3-4(4) branches; 2-VIII dou- ble; 3-VIII with 7-10(8) branches; 4-VIII double or triple (2); 5-VIII with 5-7(5) branches; comb with 14-20(17) scales arranged in 2 irregular rov/s, scales each with a long stout pointed median spine and short denticles along lateral margins of base; 1-X double or triple (2); 2-X with 8-10(8) branches; 3-X single; ventral brush varies from 8 hairs on grid and 4 precratal ones to 9 hairs on grid and 4 precratal ones; saddle lightly pigmented, incompletely rings segment, with a few spicules along posterior margin, acus absent; 4 57 anal gills long, tapering to a blunt apex. Siphon. Lightly pigmented; acus absent; index 3,88-^.50, pecten with 11-1^ (11) teeth, apical 2-3 teeth smooth and wider spaced than remainder which have a slender attenuate filament with 1-2 basal denticles; hair 1-S with 3-5(^) branches, inserted at 0,70-0,72 from base, TYPE DATA, There has been some confusion about the location of the types of Aedes (Ecculex) culicinus Edwards. In the original description of the species, Edwards (1922a: 272) states the holotype male and allotype fem.ale were col- lected at Delhi, INDIA, April I9II. Major S. R, Christophers, and deposited in the Central Malaria Bureau, Kasauli, and 1 paratype female from Amritsar, INDIA, April 1911» Major S, R, Christophers, was deposited in the British Museum, Barraud (1928: 667) lists the holotype male in the Central Malaria Bureau and the allotype female and paratype female in the British Museum but in 193^ (page 252) he states all the types are in the British Museum, Stone et al, (1959s 191) lists the holotype male and allotype female in the Malaria Institute of India, Delhi, India, I have examined the col- lection in the British Museum (Natural History) and only the paratype female from Amritsar is there. The primary types are in the collection at the National Institute of Communi- cable Diseases, Delhi, India, which received the collections from the Central Malaria Bureau, 58 DISTRIBUTION, Specimens examined — l6 males, 101 females,, 100 pupae, 2 larvae, 100 individual rearings (100 pupal), from the following locations: CAMBODIA, Kirirom; INDIA, Punjab, Amritsar; THAILAND, Kanchanaburi ; Khon Kaen; WEST PAKISTAN, V/est Punjab, Lahore. Other distribution. INDIA, Delhi, Kasauli (Edwards 1922a: 272); Karnal (Barraud 193^» 252); V/EST PAKISTAN, Lahore, Changa Manga National Forest (Aslamkhan and Salman I969: 193)* TAXONOMIC DISCUSSION, The adult habitus and female and male genitalia of culicinus are similar to alboscutellatus and are discussed under that species. The most distinctive features of the adults are: scutellum with narrow white curved scales on each lobe; postpronotum with a few posterior broad white scales in addition to narrow curved ones; tarsi dark scaled; and female with 1 large and 2 rudimentary spermathecae. The most distinctive characters of the larvae are; comb of 1^^-20 scales each of which has a long stout pointed median spine and stout denticles along lateral margins of the base; pecten of 11-1^ teeth; siphon index of 3t88-4,50; head hair 6-C triple; and metathoracic hair 9-T double or triple. BIOLOGY. Immatures were collected from ground pools in Thailand and Malaysia. Aslamkhan and Salman (1969s 185. 186, I89, 193) in V/est Pakistan list culicinus as making up 7.58 percent of the daytime and 12.^ percent of the nighttime human biting mosquito collections. This species, however, preferred to feed on cat- tle to man at a ratio of '}:! during nighttime tests. Adults made up 31*6 percent of light trap mosquito collections. 59 The imraatures are found in ground pools v/ith grassy margins and decomposing algae on the bottom, Aedes culicinus occurs in West Pakistan throughout the year but the numbers increase from April until a peak' population is reached in July v/hen relative humidity is very high and breeding places are abundant, AEDES (AEDIMORPHUS) LOA'ISII (THEOBALD) Reedomyia lowisii Theobald 1910, Monogr, Cul. 5'' ^57 UVi-"-,F-^)5 Brunetti 1912, Rec, Indian Mus. ^s ^+8?. Ochlerotatus lowisii Theob,, Brunetti 1920, Rec. Indian Mus. 17: 1^0. Aedes (Ecculex) lov/isi Theobald, Edwards 1922b, Indian J. med. Res. 10: ^■66, Ochlerotatus lowisi Theobald, Senior-V/hite 1923i Cat, Indian Insects, Cul., p. 79. Aedes (Aedimorphus) lowisi (Theo.), Barraud 1928, Indian J. med. Res. 15: 658(F); Stone et al. 1959. Thomas Say Found, 6: 19^. Aedes (Aedimorphus) lowisi Theobald, Edv/ards 1932, Genera Insec, Fasc. 19^+1 I685 Barraud 193'4', Fauna Brit. India, Diptera 5: 25O (M,F). Aedes (Aedimorphus) mindoroensis Knight and Hull 1951 » Pacif. Sci. 5: 199 (M^.F); Knight and Hull 1953. Pacif. Sci. 7*. ^59 (M,F); Stone et al. 1959. Thomas Say Found. 6: 194. NEW SYNONYMY. FEMALE (Fig. 4). Head. Antenna dark brown, approxi- mately 0,91 length of proboscis, pedicel brown with several small pale scales and a patch of short fine brown hairs mesally, flagellomere 1 with a few small dark scales; cly- peus dark, bare; maxillary palpus dark, brown scaled, approximately O.17 length of proboscis; proboscis dark 60 "brown scaled with a pale ventral stripe extending from near base to distal 0,25f pale area narrow basally 'becoming broad distally, approximately 1.18 length of femur I; vertex with dorsum covered v/ith narrov/ decumbent scales arranged in an anteromedian diamond-shaped dark group and the remainder golden; lateral surface covered with broad pale scales, an anterodorsal dark patch and a dusky area anterior to ante- pronotum; numerous long dark brown erect forked scales on occiput and vertex extending anteriorly to ocular line. Thorax, Scutal integument reddish-brown; scutum covered with narrow curved reddish-black scales, scattered narrow curved white scales forming indistinct spots on anterior pro- montory area, supra-alar areas, and posterior medial scutal area, similar scales forming a distinct pair of small cir- cular patches on both anterior and posterior scutal fossal areas; scutellum with a patch of broad silvery scales on each lobe; median anterior promontory, acrostichal, dorso- central (anterior and posterior), scutal fossal (anterior, 1 lateral and 1-2 median), supra-alar, several posterior medial scutal, 1 postalar callular and scutellar (lateral and median) bristles black and v/ell developed, others absent; pleural integument dark brown; antepronotum with a few nar- row curved pale scales, several long dark bristles; post- pronotum with scattered narrow curved dark scales on dorsal 0.50, S-6 posterior long brownish-black bristles; propleuron with a patch of broad pale scales, several short golden bristles; postspiracular area with 5-7 brown or black bris- tles; subspiracular area with a few narrow brownish hair-like 61 scales; mesepisternum v/ith an upper and a posterior patch of broad silvery scales, several upper and posterior dark bris- tles, lower ones shorter; prealar knob with several golden- brown bristles; paratergite bare; mesepimeron with a patch of broad silvery scales and several brown bristles on upper area; other pleural areas bare. Legs. Coxae I-III each with several golden bristles, I with anterior covered with broad brownish scales and a small patch of broad white ones dorsally and one ventrally, II with a patch of broad white scales anteriorly, III with a few broad white scales antero- ventrally; trochanters I-III each with a patch of broad white scales; femur I with an anterior and a posterior apical white spot, II-III with a dorsoapical white spot, I-II with an- terior brown, I with a posterior narrow dorsal pale line from base to apex, pale area broad basally and tapering apically, I with a posteroventral white stripe, II with a posterodorsal white stripe; III brown with anterior and pos- terior ventrobasal white areas, areas broad basally and' tapering to a point at about O.25 from apex; tibiae I-III brown, each with a dorsoapical white spot; tarsi I-III brown, I with tarsomere 1 having a few dorsoapical yellowish scales, tarsomere 2-^4 each with a few dorsobasal and dorso- apical yellowish scales, tarsomere 5 covered with yellowish scales, II with tarsomere 1 having a few dorsoapical yellow- ish scales, tarsomere 2 with a few dorsobasal and dorsoapical yellowish scales, tarsomere 3-^ each with a narrow basal yellowish band and a few dorsoapical yellowish scales, 62 tarsomere 5 completely covered with yellowish scales, III with tarsomere 1 having a few dorsoapical pale scales, tarsomeres Z-^■ each with a narrow pale basal band and a few dorsoapical pale scales, tarsomere 5 completely pale scaled. Wing, Dorsal veins covered with moderately broad brown scales; costa with a patch of broad silvery scales at base; ventral veins brown scaled; alula with narrow brown scales along fringe; 2 remigial bristles. Halter. Pedicel pale, capitellum brown scaled. Abdomen. Terga brown with a few dorsobasal pale scales forming narrow bands on III-VI, a small triangular dorsobasal pale spot on VII; tergum I with a rectangular patch of white scales on laterotergite ; terga II-VII v/ith large laterobasal white spots; sterna v/ith pale basal scales and brown apical ones, apical brown band be- comes broader on posterior sterna; terga and sterna with numerous golden bristles, mostly along posterior margins. Genitalia, Segment VIII distinctly bilobed ventroapically, retracted into segment VII; tergum IX bilobed with '4-5 bris- tles on each lobe; cere us long, 0.75 extended and visible dorsally; postgenital plate with a deep median apical in- dentation with ^-6 bristles on each lobe; insula tongue-like, membranous, covered with tiny spicules; 3 spermathecae, 1 large and 2 rudimentary ones. MALE. Similar to female in general habitus. Head, Maxillary palpus brown, longer than proboscis by length of apical segment. Thorax. Antepronotum with a fev/ broad silvery scales. Legs, Posttarsi I-III each with 2 ungues. 63 I-II with ungues unequal, each "bearing a tooth, III unequal, simple. Abdomen. Tergum I with a lateral band of silvery- white scales on laterotergite ; terga III-VII with basal bands of white scales; segment VIII removed with terminalia and coloration lost. Genitalia. Tergum IX slightly bilobed with 3-^ bristles on each lobe, entire surface covered with minute spicules; gonocoxite long and moderately broad with short bristles scattered over dorsal surface, long stout bristles along outer lateral margin from base to apex, ven- tral surface with long stout bristles on distal 0.55i most numerous along sternomesal margin, scattered short ones on proximal 0.45» scattered scales on lateral and ventral sur- faces; gonostylus with pedicel narrow to moderately broad, distal 0,30 expanded with a lateroapical horn-like flap bearing numerous short fine hairs, me sal margin of expanded portion with a basal short, flattened pigmented gonostylar claw and 4-5 short stout accessory bristles, 6-7 short bris- tles at apex, 1-2 short hairs on the tergal surface on 'the type of mindoroensis and 7-8 on the type of lowisii ; basal mesal lobe short and rounded apically, apical O.30 with 4-5 short bristles, entire surface covered with short hair-like spicules; proctiger short, paraproct with a small subapical thumb-like process, cereal setae absent; phallosome with aedeagus of type I with 2 lateral plates connected basally, each plate with 6-7 short blunt lateral teeth on distal 0,50 and covered with a dorsal flap, paramere long, approximately 6^ 0,90 length of lateral plates; sternum IX large, entire surface covered with minute spicules, ^ bristles near the center. PUPA AND LARVA. Not knov/n.. TYPE DATA. Reedomyia lowisii Theobald, syntypes female and male, Andaman Islands, INDIA, Lowis, in British Museum (Natural History) ; Aedes (Aedimorphus) mindoroensis Knight and Hull, holotype male and 4 paratype females, Calapan (erroneously printed "Calopan" on label), Mindoro Island, PHILIPPINES, 1 February 191 6, Bottcher, in British Museum (Natural History). DISTRIBUTION. Specimens examined--3 males and 1^ fe- males from the following locations: INDIA, Andaman Islands; INDONESIA, Celebes, Paloe, Hadjene; C. Sulav/esi, Lambarese; PHILIPPINES, Caiapon. Other distribution. INDONESIA, Moluccas (Stone et al. 1959:' 19^. Steffan I966: 212); MALAYSIA, Sarawak (Moulton 191^: ^7). TAXONOMIC DISCUSSION. The adult habitus and female and male genitalia of lowisii are very similar to alboGcutellatus and are discussed under that species. The most distinctive features of the adults are; scutellum with broad silvery scales on each lobe; postspiracular area v/ithout scales; sub- spiracular area v/ith only short fine hairs; paratergite bare; tarsi banded v/ith pale scales, tarsomeres 5 yellow scaled; and female v/ith 1 large and 2 rudimentary spermathecae. BIOLOGY, Larvae v/ere collected in shallow water in a primeval forest and adults were taken biting man and resting 65 in a cowshed in Celebes. Adults were also collected from a Malaise trap in Indonesia, AEDES (AEDIMORPKUS) MEDIOLINEATUS (THEOBALD) Culex trilineatus Theobald 1901, [.lonogr. Cul. 2: 105 (F*); Giles 1902, Handb. 2nd Ed,, p. 46^(F) ; Blanchard 1905t Moust., p, 330(F); Theobald I905, Genera Insec, Fasc. 26: 27; Theobald 1910, Monogr. Cul. 5$ 359; Brunetti 1912, Rec. Indian Mus. 4: ^76. Culex mediolineatus Theobald I9OI, Monogr. Cul. 2: 113(F); Giles 1902, Handb., 2nd Ed., p. 431(F); Blanchard 1905f Moust., p. 369(F); Theobald 1905, Genera Insec, Fasc. 26: 27; Brunetti I907, Rec. Indian Mus. 1: 3^9. Ochlerotatus mediolineatus Theo., Edwards 1913» Bull. ent. Res. 5: 228; Brunetti 1920, Rec. Indian Mus. I71 137; Senior-White 1923, Cat. Indian Insects, Cul,, p. 79. Aedes (Ecculex) mediolineatus Theobald, Edwards 1922b, Indian J. med. Res. 10: ^-67 » Aedes (i^edimorphus) mediolineatus (Theo.), Barraud 1928, Indian J. med. Res. 15: ^5 (w-^.F)-; Stone et al. 1959. Thomas Say Found, 6: 194. Aedes (Aedimorphus) mediolineatus Theo., Borel 1930, Coll, Soc, Path. exot. Monogr. 3s 268 (M*,F,L*); Edwards 1932, Genera Insec, Fasc, 194: 171, Aedes (Aedimorphus) m.ediolineatus (Theobald), Barraud 1934, Fauna Brit. India, Diptera 5: 263 (lvi*,F). FEIviALE (Fig. 5) » ~ Head. Antenna dark brovm, approxi- mately 0.94 length of proboscis, pedicel pale with a few small brovm scales and a patch of short fine brown hairs mesally, flagellomere 1 with a few small pale brown scales; clypeus brown, bare; maxillary palpus golden scaled, approxi- mately 0,22 length of proboscis; proboscis golden scaled v/ith apical 0,25 dusky, approximately 1,22 length of femur I; vertex v/ith dorsum covered with narrow curved decumbent 66 golden scales; lateral surface covered with "broad golden scales, some specimens also with a small anterodorsal dark spot} numerous golden-trovm erect forked scales on occiput and vertex extending anteriorly to ocular line, erect scales somev/hat darker on lateral margins of occiput. Thorax, Scutal integument reddish-brovm; scutum covered with narrow curved reddish-brovm scales, narrow curved white scales forming a pair of stripes on dorsocentral areas extending from a.nterior scutal fossal area to scutellum, similar scales on supra-alar areas from scutal angle to posterior of wing base and on anterior and lateral margins of prescutellar space (scales nearly covering this area), narrow curved golden scales, forming a stripe on acrostichal area extending from m.edian anterior promontory area to posterior medial scutal area; scutellum with a patch of narrow curved golden scales on each lobe; media.n anterior promontory, acrostichal/ dorsocentral (anterior and posterior), scutal fossal (an- terior, 3-5 lateral, 2-3 median and 1-2 posterior), supra- alar, several posterior medial scutal, 1 postalar callular and scutellar (lateral and median) bristles golden-brown and well developed; pleural integument light brown; antepronotum covered with narrow curved golden-white scales, several golden bristles; postpronotum covered v/ith narrow- curved scales, a few reddish-brov/n ones dor sally and remainder golden-v/hite, 6-8 golden bristles; propleuron with long moderately broad and narrow golden-v/hite scales, several golden bristles; postspiracular area with a patch of narrow 67 curved and a few moderately broad golden-white scales, 7-10 golden bristles; subspiracular area v/ith a small patch of narrow curved golden-white scales; mesepisternum with an upper and a posterior patch of broad golden-white scales, several upper and posterior golden bristles, lov/er ones shorter; prealar knob with a few narrow golden-white scales, several golden bristles; paratergite covered with narrow curved golden-white scales; mesepimeron with a patch of broad golden-white scales and several golden bristles on upper area; other pleural areas bare. Legs. Coxae I-III each with several golden bristles; I -II each with anterior covered with broad golden-white scales; III with a few anteroventral ^olden-white scales; trochanters I-III each with broad white scales; femora I-III each with a small dorsoapical spot of white scales, I with anterior v/hite with a few intermixed light brown scales ventrally, II with anterior brown with a few white scales intermixed on apical 0,25, III with anterior v/hite with an anterodorsal brovm stripe on distal 0.?5, stripe broader apically, I-III with posterior white, I with a ventral brown stripe from near base to apex, II with a few pale brovm scales on distal 0,25, III with a triangular patch of brown scales on dorsoapical 0,2 0; tibiae I-III white, I with a dorsoanterior longitudinal brovm stripe, II with a ventral longitudinal brown stripe, III with a dorsal and a ventral longitudinal brown stripe and a small dorsoapical v/hite spot; tarsi I-III brovm, I with an anterior and a pos- terior longitudinal v/hite stripe on tarsorneres 1-2 occasion- ally on 3, II with tarsomere 1 with numerous white scales 68 intermixed with brovm ones and a dorsobasal white spot, tarsomere 2 with a few white scales intermixed with brown ones, tarsomeres 1-3 with a posterior longitudinal white stripe and occasionally on tarsomere ^, III with a dorso- basal v/hite spot on tarsomere 1, an anterior and a posterior longitudinal white stripe on tarsomere 1 and basal 0,50 of tarsomere 2; posttarsi I-III each with 2 ungues I-II equal, each bearing a tooth, III equal, simple, tfing. Dorsal veins covered with moderately broad brown scales; costa with broad whitish scales along basal 0.33 of posterior margin; dusky scales on subcosta; ventral veins brown v/ith white scales along basal 0,33 of posterior margin of costa, similar scales on basal 0,33 of subcosta; alula v/ith narrow brown scales along fringe; 2 remigial bristles. Halter, Pedicel pale, capitellum golden-v/hite scaled. Abdomen, Tergum I covered with golden-white scales, laterotergite with a rectangular patch of whitish scales; terga II-VI light brown, each with a broad median longitudinal golden- white stripe and a narrower longitudinal golden-white stripe on lateral margins, V-VI often with brovm areas reduced; tergum VII covered with golden scales; sterna covered with golden-v/hite scales; terga and sterna v/ith numerous golden bristles, mostly along posterior margins. Genitalia, Seg- ment VIII distinctly bilobed ventroapically, mostly retracted into segment VII; tergum IX bilobed with 7-l6 bristles on each lobe; cercus long, completely extended and visible dorsally; postgenital plate with a deep median apical in- dentation with 6-10 bristles on each lobe; insula tongue-like. 69 membranous, covered v/ith tiny spicules; 3 spermathecae, 1 large and 2 slightly smaller ones, MLE (Fig. 5). Similar to female in general habitus. Head. Maxillary palpus golden scaled, segments 2-5 each with a small dorsoapical brovm spot, longer than proboscis by 0.50 length of apical segment. Thorax. Postspiracular area with- out scales; subspiracular area with a few broad white scales. Legs. Posttarsi I-III each with 2 ungues, I-II with ungues unequal, each bearing a tooth, III equal, simple. Abdomen. Tergum I white with a median brown scale patch, laterotergite with a patch of whitish scales; terga II-VII brovm each with a dorsobasal triangular patch of golden-white scales on lateral margins, reaching from base to apex, VII often nearly entirely golden scaled; tergum VIII white scaled; sterna golden-v/hite scaled, VIII with a median patch of brown scales. Genitalia (Fig. l6). Tergum IX strongly bilobed with 6-8 bristles on each lobe, entire surface covered with minute spicules; gonocoxite long and moderately broad with short bristles scattered over entire dorsal surface, lateral surface with long stout bristles from base to apex, ventral surface with long stout bristles on distal 0.45, scattered moderately long bristles mesally below long ones, somewhat more numerous along sternomesal margin, scattered scales on lateral and ventral surfaces; gonostylus with pedicel moder- ately broad, distal 0,50 expanded with a lateroapical horn- like flap bearing a short fine subterminal hair, mesal margin of expanded portion with a moderately long, flattened, 70 pigmented gonostylar claw and a short fine hair near its base, 3 short fine hairs along apex and 3-5 short fine hairs scattered over tergal surface, a lateroapical thumb-like proc- ess covered with numerous short fine hair-like spicules; basal mesal lobe short and rounded apically, apical O.5O with 4-6 short bristles, entire surface covered with short hair-like spicules; proctiger short, paraproct with a subapical thumb- like process, cereal setae absent; phallosome with aedeagus of type I with 2 lateral plates connected basally, each plate with 6-7 short blunt lateral teeth on distal 0.40 and covered with a dorsal flap, paramere long, approximately O.85 length of lateral plate; sternum IX large, entire surface covered with minute spicules, 2-3 bristles near the center. PUPA (Fig, 24), Chaetotaxy as figured and recorded in Table 4, Cephalothorax, Hair 5-C with 3-5 branches; 7-C with 2-5 branches; 8-C with 2-6 branches. Respiratory trum- pet. Moderately pigmented; with scattered minute spicules on distal 0,90 of inner surface; index 3.74-4,56, average 4.25. Metanotum. Hair 10-C with 11-24 branches; 12-C with 4-5 branches. Abdomen. Hair 5-1 with 8-I7 branches; l-II . with 17-28 branches; 4-II with 6-10 branches; l-III with 7-I8 branches; 6-VI with 2-4 branches; 1-VII with 3-6 branches; 6-VII with 8-12 branches; 9-VII with 5-11 branches; 11-VII single to triple. Paddle, Ovoid; with very minute serrations along basal 0,55 of outer margin; midrib does not reach apex; hair 1-P short, single or double; index 1.10-1,35, average 1.26. 71 LARVA (Fig. 31). Chaetotaxy as figured. Head. Hairs 1, 3, 1^-G single; ^, 12-C v/ith 5-9(6) branches; 5, 6-C with 4-6(5) branches; 7-C with 8-11(10) branches; 8-C double or triple (2); 9, 10-C double or triple (3); H-C with 3-6(5) branches; 13-C with 3-5(3) branches; I5-C with 2-5(3) bran- ches; basal maxillary hair single; mental plate with 22-23 (23) teeth. Antenna. Heavily pigmented; numerous stout spicules scattered over shaft, longer at about middle; hair 1-A with 6-13(8) branches, inserted at 0,36-0,48 from base; 2-A long; 3-A approximately equal in length of 2-A, Thorax. Hair 0-P with 6-12(7) branches; 1, 5, 6, 10, 12-P single; 2-P single or double (2); 3-P with 3~4(4) branches; 4, 8, 9-P double; 7-P triple; 11-P double or triple (2); l4-P single or double(l); 1-M with 2-5 (2) branches; 2-M single or double (2); 3, 11-M single or double (l); 4-M with 2-4(3) branches; 5, 7. 10, 12-M single; 6-M with 5-10(8) branches; 8-M with 6-12(7) branches; 9-M with 6-9(8) branches; 13-M with 3-6(5) branches; l4-M with 6--10(9) branches; 1-T single to triple (1); 2-T with 2-5(3) branches; 3-T with 6-11(8) branches; 4-T with 3-^(3) branches; 5. 10-T single; 6-T single or double (2); 7-T with 8-l4(ll) branches; 8-T with 3-6(4) bran- ches; 9-T with 6-9(6) branches; 11, 12-T single or double (l); 13-T with 5-1^(7) branches. Abdomen. Hairs 0, 14-VIII single; 1-VIII with 4-9(5) branches; 2, 4~VIII double or triple (2); 3-VIII with 8-18(15) branches; 5-VIII with 8-11 (10) branches; comb with 9-19(15) scales arranged in 2 ir- regular rows, scales with a long stout pointed median spine 72 and short denticles along lateral margins; 1-X with 3-^(^) branches; 2-X with 12-15(1^) branches; 3-X single; ventral brush varies from 8 hairs on grid and ^■ precratal ones to 9 hairs on grid and 3 precratal ones, usually with 8 hairs on grid and ^ precratal ones; saddle moderately pigmented with minute ridges, incompletely rings segment, with a fev/ spic- ules along posterior margin and small ridges over entire saddle, acus present; 4 anal gills very long and slender. Siphon. Moderately pigmented with minute ridges over entire surface; acus present; index 5.93-7»01; pecten with 10-14 (12) teeth, apical 3-^ teeth smooth and wider spaced than re- mainder which have a slender attenuate filament with 1-2 lateral denticles; hair 1-S with 5-7(5) branches, inserted at 0.72-0.78 from base. TYPE DATA, Culex mediolineatus Theobald holotype fe- male, Thayetmyo, BURMA, August, E. Y. V/atson, 9^-4 and Culex trilineatus holotype female with same data as mediolineatus, both in British I^luseum (Natural History). DISTRIBUTION. Specimens examined — 70 males, 222 females, 79 pupae, 17O larvae and 82 individual rearings (47 pupal, 35 larval) from the following locations: BURM, Thayetmyo; CAMBODIA, Phnon-Penh; MALAYSIA, Perils; Kedah; SOUTH VIETNAM, An-Khe, Ben Kay, Chu~Lai, Cu-Chi, Danang, Di An, Kon Turn, Kon Tun, Long Van, Nha Trang, Phan Rang, Phnom-Penh, Pho Bai, Phu-Loi, Phuoc Vinh, Qui-Nhon, Saigon, Tan San Nhut, Vinh Thanh; THAILAND, Chiang Mai; Chon Buri ; Khon Kaen; Lampang; Nakhon Rate has ima.; Nan; Surat Thani; Udon Thani, Other dis- tribution. CHINA, Hainan Island (Chu 1957: I58, 1958: 109); INDONESIA; Sumatra. Djambi, Moeara Tebo (Brug and Edwards 1931: 258); Java (Barraud 193^: 264); THAILAND, Nakhon Phanom, Takhli, Ubon (Parrish 1968b: 2); SOUTH VIETNAM, Borel I93O: 268); Phan xRang, Phu Cat, Pleiku (Parrish 1968a: 3). 73 TAXONOMIC DISCUSSION. Aedes mediolinea-tus is similar in the adult habitus to pallidostriatus. It possesses the follov/ing features: v/ing with anterior rr.argin of costa dark brovm scaled; femur II with anterior mairay dark scaled and anterior of femur III mainly white scaled; abdomen with dorsolateral longitudinal brown bands on terga II-IV; and postpronotum with 6-? bristles, which distinguish it from pallidostriatus which has: wing with anterior margin of costa golden scaled; femora II-III each with anterior brown with a median longitudinal white stripe from base to apex; abdomen with terga completely golden scaled. The gonostylus of the male genitalia of mediolineatus is markedly different from that of pallidostriatus. The pupa of mediolineatus has a very similar chaetotaxy "to pallidostriatus and it is difficult to separate them. They usually can be separated by abdominal hair l-I which has 17-30 branches in mediolineatus and 30-46 branches in pallidostriatus. The larva of mediolineatus is also very similar to pallidostriatus but can be separated from it by thoracic hairs 0-P which has 6-12 branches and hai.r 1-M which has 2-5 branches, while pallidostriatus has hair 0-P with 4-5 bran- ches and hair 1-M single. BIOLOGY, In Thailand, immatures were collected from ground pools, flood pools, grassy pool in vegetable garden, Huey Keo city moat and a marsh and adults v/ere taken biting man, resting in a stable, in a house and a light trap. 74 Larvae were collected from ground pools, tire, artificial container, ditch, marshy depression, flood pools, sv;amp, rock pools, v/heel track, footprints and a rice paddy and adults v/ere taken in light traps in South Vietnam. Macdonald (195?: 21) obtained specimens of medio- lineatus that he identified as Aedes (Aedimorphus) near. pallidostriatus from human bait collections in Malaysia. Adults were collected in scrub or open forest at 1,000 feet in Thailand (Scanlon and Esah 1965s 139» 1^3). AEDES (AEDIMORPHUS) NIGROSTRIATUS (EARRAUD) Aedimorphus nigrostriatus Barraud 192? t Indian J. med. Res. 1^: 5^9 (M*,F). Aedes (Aedimorphus) nigrostriatus Barr., Barraud 1928, Indian J, med. Res. 15: 666 (M*,F). Aedes (Aedimorphus) nigrostriatus Barraud, Edwards 1932, Genera Insec, Fascl 19^^ 171; Barraud 193^. Fauna Brit. India, Diptera 5*. 262 (M*,F). Aedes (Aedimorphus) nigrostriatus (Barraud), Stone et al. 1959, Thomas Say Found. 6: 195* • FEMALE, Head. Antenna brown, approximately 1.0^ length of proboscis, pedicel pale with a few small yellow scales and a patch of short fine brown hairs me sally, flagel- lomere 1 pale with a few small yellow scales; clypeus light brown, bare; maxillary palpus golden scaled, approximately 0.28 length of proboscis; proboscis golden scaled with a small ventrobasal patch of brown scales, approximately 1.04 length of femur I; vertex with dorsum covered with narrow curved decumbent yellow scales; lateral surface covered with 15 troad pale yellow scales; numerous light brown erect forked scales on occiput and vertex extending anteriorly to ocular line. Thorax, Scutal integument pale with dark reddish-brown areas forming a pair of stripes on dorsocentral areas from anterior margin to scutellum and a spot on supra-alar area anterior to wing base; scutum covered with narrow curved golden scales with narrow curved reddish-brown ones on dark areas of integument; scutellum with a patch of narrow curved golden scales on each lobe and a few reddish-brown ones on laterobasal areas of median lobe; median anterior promon- tory, acrostichal, dorsocentral (anterior and posterior), scutal fossal (anterior, ^~5 lateral, 1-2 median and 2-3 posterior), supra-alar, several posterior medial scutal, 1 postalar callular and scutellar (lateral and median) bris- tles pale brown and well developed; pleural integument light brown; antepronotum with narrov/ curved golden scales, sev- eral golden-brown bristles; postpronotum with narrow curved golden scales, 3-5 golden-brov/n posterior bristles; pro- pleuron v/ith broad golden scales, several golden bristles; postspiracular area with a few narrow golden scales, 5-7 golden bristles; mesepisternum with a small upper and a posterior patch of broad golden scales, several upper and posterior golden-brown bristles, lower ones white and shorter; prealar knob with several golden bristles; para- tergite with a few narrow golden scales; mesepimeron with a patch of broad golden scales and several golden bristles on upper area; other pleural areas bare. Legs. Coxa I-III each with several golden-brown bristles, I-II each with 76 anterior covered with broad golden scales. III with a small anteroventral patch of similar scales; trochanters I-III each with "broad golden scales; femora I-III golden, I v/ith a narrow posteroventral longitudinal brown stripe from base to near apex, II with a broad anterobasal longitudinal brown stripe from base to apical 0.20 and a narrow anterior sub- apical brown band, III with a narrow anterior and posterior subapical brown band; tibiae I-III yellow, II with an in- distinct anteroventral longitudinal brown stripe on basal 0,50; tarsi I-III yellow; posttarsi I-III each with 2 ungues, I-II equal, each with a tooth, III equal, simple. Wing. Dorsal veins covered with moderately broad golden scales except for the follov/ing brown scaled areas: apical 0,25 of costa pale brov/n; remigium and basal 0.50 of radius (a fev/ yellow scales on posterior margin), apical 0,50 of radial sector, radius2 and basal 0,50 of radius^; media from radiomedial crossvein to furcation, basal O.6O of mediaj_, and cubitus; membrane darkened in region of cross- veins; ventral veins v/ith scaling similar to dorsal ones; alula with narrow yellov/ scales along fringe; 1-2 remigial setae. Halter, Pedicel pale, capitellum golden scaled. Abdomen, Terga golden scaled, I v/ith a rectangular patch of v/hite scales on laterotergite , II-VII each with a latero- basal white scale patch; sterna golden scaled; terga and sterna with numerous golden bristles, mostly along poster- ior margins. Genitalia, Segment VIII distinctly bilobed ventroapically, completely retracted into segment YII ; 77 tergum IX bilobed v/ith 7-13 toistles on each lobe; cercus long, 0.75 extended and visible dorsally; postgenital plate with a deep median apical indentation with 5-7 bristles on each lobe; insula tongue-like, membranous, covered with tiny spicules; 3 spermathecae, 1 large and 2 slightly smaller ones. / MALE, Similar to female in general habitus. Head. Maxillary palpus golden with apical segment brown, segment k golden dorsally and brown laterally, segments 2-3 each with a narrow apical brown band, longer than proboscis by 0,75 length of apical segment; proboscis golden with a longitudinal brov/n stripe on basal 0,^1-0 of ventral surface. Legs, Femur I also with an anteroventral brown stripe on basal 0,50; tibia III with an indistinct dorsal brown stripe; tarsus I with a few light brown apical scabs on tarsomeres 3-4; posttarsi I-III each with 2 ungues, I-II with ungues unequal, each bearing a tooth. III equal, simple. Abdomen, Terga yellow scaled; sterna yellow scaled with a few brown scales on lateral surfaces of III-VI, a few brown scales along posterior margins of VI -VII, Genitalia., Tergum IX bilobed with 5-7 bristles on each lobe, entire surface covered with minute spicules; gonocoxite long and moderately broad, dorsal surface with scattered bristles, lateral surface with numerous long stout bristles from base to apex, ventral surface with a number of moderately long to long bristles and some short proximal ones, scattered scales on lateral and ventral surfaces; gonostylus with 78 distal 0.62 expanded into a lar?e rr^esal oblong-shaped lobe and a lateral longer, narrow, strongly incurved, tapering horn which bears a row of long thin hairs mesally near mid- dle, mesal expanded lobe v/ith a laterobasal short stout bristle, a mesal protuberance with a curved pigmented claw attached, 3 short fine hairs apically, a patch of long hair- like spicules proximad of claw, and 7-12 short fine hairs scattered over tergal surface; basal mesal lobe short and rounded apically, distal 0.^0 with several short bristles, entire surface covered with short hair-like spicules; proc- tiger short, paraproct with a small subapical thumb-like process, cereal setae absent; phallosome with aedeagus of type I with 2 lateral plates connected basally, each plate with 5-6 short blunt lateral teeth on distal O.50 and cov- ered with a dorsal flap, paramere long, approximately 0.82 length of lateral plate; sternum IX large, entire surface covered v/ith minute spicules, 3-^ bristles near center. PUPA AND LARVA. Not knovm. TYPE DATA. Aedimorphus nigrostriatus Barraud, syntypes male and female, Golaghat, Assam, INDIA, 17 November I925, Capt. P. J. Barraud, caught in jungle, in British Museum (Natural History); 1 paratype male and 1 paratype female, v/ith same data as syntypes, in Indian Museum, Calcutta. 79 DISTRIBUTION. Specimens examined — 2 males and 5 fe- males from the follov/ing locations: BUfir-26 males, 91 females, 11 pupae and 29 larvae from the following locations: INDIA, Bihar, Pusa, Sharma; INDONESIA, Sumatra, Atjeh, Kroeng Raja; PHILIPPINES, Luzon, Calaccad, Nunoz Necijaj Cj marines Sur; Leyte, Mahaplag; Mindanao, Pasananco, Pettit Barracks, Zam- boanga; Mindoro» San Jose; Pampanga, Ga.mp Stotsenbergj Pangasina.n, Gamp Gregg, Sison, Tayng; Rizal, Gamp Nichols, N, Ecija; Zambales, gubic Bay; SOUTH VIE'TNAM, An-Khe j THAILAND, Surasthani, Other distribution. INDIA, Purneah, Kierpur (Barraud 1928: 6'SoJi INDc3nESIA, Sumatra, Atchin (Brug and Edwards 1931j 258); Java (Barraud 193^» 252); 106 PHILIPPINES, Luzon, Olongapo; Manila, Quezon City; Zara- boanga, Pettit Barracks, San Ramon City, Zamboanga (Knight and Hull 1953: ^57); Paapanga, Angeles (Ludlow 1905: 95) • SOUTH VIETNAM (Borel 1930: 25); Binh Thuy, Phan Rang, Pleiku (Parrish 1968 a: 3, 4), TAXONOMIC DISCUSSION, Aedes pampangensis has a some- what superficial resemblance to mediolineatus and pallido- striatus in the pleural scale markings but is easily dis- tinguished from these species by the presence of broad silvery-white scales on the scutellum and the absence of longitudinal white stripes on the scutum. The broad silvery- v/hite scales on the scutellum is also reminiscent of albo- scutellatus and its relatives, but pampangensis is easily separated from these species by the absence of dorsal spots on the scutum and the abdominal terga which are dark scaled dorsally and completely white scaled laterally. The gono- stylus of the male genitalia of pampangensis is greatly ex- panded and very distinctive when compared to other members of the subgenus. The pupa of pampangensis is distinctive in having abdominal hair 1-I-VIII v;ell developed, hair 1-G v/ith 5-8 branches, 4-C with 6-Q branches, 7-C with 8-11 branches, 5-II with 10-14 branches, 6-IV-V with 5-8 branches and 6-VI with 6-8 branches. The larva of pampangensis resembles those of medio- lineatus and pallidostriatus in having a very long siphon but can be separated from these 2 species by mesothoracic hair 5-M which is double or triple and metathoracic hair 3-T which has 17-28 branches v/hile mediolineatus and 107 pallidostriatus have hair 5-M single and 3-T with 5-11 branches. BIOLOGY. Immatures were collected from a grassy pond, road canal, rice field, small flooded area near road, grassy ground pool, and along the shaded bank of a clear water stream containing algae and vegetation in the Philip- pines. In V/est Pakistan, adults v/ere taken biting cattle. Larvae were collected from scattered rain pools in a grassy area and from a grassy pool in the bed of a temporary stream in the Philippines by Knight and Hull (1953: ^57). AEDES (AEDir.lORPHUS) PIPERSALATUS (GILES) Stegomyia pipersalata Giles in Theobald 1901, Monogr. Cul. 2: 3l6Tr.l,F); Giles 1902, Handb,, 2nd Ed,, p. 372 (P*); Blanchard I905, I.'oust., p. 26^ (F); Brunetti 1907, Rec. Indian Mus. 1: 332; Theobald 191 0, Monogr . Cul. 5: 607; Brunetti 1912, Rec. Indian Mus. ^j ^^8. Pseudo^rabhamia maculata Theobald 1905» J» Bombay nat. Hist. Soc^i TEIT 2k'} (M,P) } Brunetti 1907» Rec. Indian Mus. 1: 140; Theobald 1907, Monogr. Cul. kt ^Ik (M,F*)| Brunetti 1912, Rec- Indian Mus. ki 460, pchlerotatus pipersalatus (Giles), Edwards 1913» Bull, ent. Res. kt 227 (M,F)f Brunetti 1920, Rec. Indian MuSo 17: 138; Senior-White 1923. Cat. Indian Mus, Culo, p. 81. Aedes (Ecculex) pipersalatus Giles, Edv/ards 1922b, Indian J. raed. Res. 10:" kSf^ Aedes (Aedimorphus) pipersalatus (Giles), Barraud 1928, Indian J. med. Resl TJj ^64; Stone et al, 1959 t Thomas Say Found. 6: I96; Qutubuddin I96O, Mosquito News 20: 358 (M). Aedes (Aedimorphus) pipersalatus Giles, Edwards 1932, Genera Insec, Fasc. 19^: I70. Aedes (Aedimorphus) pipersalatus (Giles), Barraud 193^, Fauna Brit. India, Diptera 5: 258 (M*,F,L*), 108 FEMALE (Fig. 9). Head. Antenna dark brovm, approxi- mately equal to length of proboscis, pedicel brown with a few small dusky scales and a patch of short fine brovm hairs mesally, flagellomere 1 pale basally with a few small dusky scales; clypeus dark, bare; maxillary palpus brovm scaled with apical 0^25 white, apical hairs also white, approxi- mately 0.18 length of proboscis; proboscis brown scaled dor- sally with a few intermixed white scales, v/hite ventrally from near base to distal Oc?5, approximately 1,26 length of femur Ij vertex v/ith dorsum covered with narrow curved de- cumbent scales arranged in an anteromedian diamond-shaped brown group and the remainder white ; broad white scales ex- tending halfway dovm lateral surface with broad brown ones below and also forming an anterodorsal patch; numerous dark brovm erect forked scales on occiput and vertex extending anteriorly to ocular line. Thorax. Scutal integument dark brovm; scutum covered with narrov/ curved reddish-black scales; narrow curved white scales forming small circular patches on median anterior promontory area, scutal fossal areas (one each on anterior, lateral and posterior areas), scutal angle, supra-alar area (a patch anterior to and a small indistinct spot posterior to wing base and a patch medially near dorso- central setal line), posterior medial scutal area and ex- tending posteriorly along lateral margins of prescutellar space, similar scales scattered over area mesally to dorso- central setae; scutellum with a patch of broad and a few narrow curved white scales on each lobe; median anterior 109 promontory, acrostichal, dorsocentral (anterior and posterior), scutal fossal (anterior, 2-k lateral, 1-2 median and 2-3 pos- terior), supra-alar, several posterior medial scutal, 1 postalar callular and scutellar (lateral and median) "bristles reddish-black and well developed; pleural integument dark brown; antepronotum with narrow curved white scales, several long dark bristles; postpronotum covered with narrow curved scales, reddish-black ones dorsally and white ones medially, 5-6 posterior dark bristles; propleuron v/ith a patch of broad white scales, several golden bristles; postspiracular area with a patch of broad v/hite scales, 4-5 golden bristles; subspiracular area v/ith 2 patches of broad white scales, lower one larger; mesepisternum with median, upper and pos- terior patches of broad white scales, median patch small, several upper and posterior golden bristles, lower ones shorter; prealar knob with several golden bristles; para- tergite with broad white scales on lateroventral m.arginj mesepiraeron with a large patch of broad white scales and several golden bristles on upper area; other pleural areas bare, Lee:s. Coxae I-III each with several brown or golden bristles, I v/ith broad brown scales and a few v/hite ones intermixed on anterior and lateral surfaces, a small patch of broad white ones dorsally, II with anterior covered with broad brovm scales and a small patch of broad v/hito ones dorsally. III with a few broad white scales posteriorly; trochanters I-III each with a patch of ventral broad dusty- v/hite scales, a few white apical ones on III; femora I-III 110 brown, each with anterior and posterior with intermixed white scales and a dorsoapical white spot, posterior of II- III with numerous white scales nearly covering "basal 0,50 of II and "basal 0.75 of HI J tibiae I-III brovm, each with inter- mixed white scales and a small dorsoapical white spot, I with an indistinct posteroventral longitudinal white stripe, II with an indistinct posteromedian longitudinal v/hite stripe; tarsi I-III brown, I with tarsoraeres 1-2 each with a basal white band, tarsomere 3 with a dorsobasal v/hite spot, II with tarsomeres 1-3 each with a basal white band, tarsomeres k with a dorsobasal v/hite spot, v/ith a dorsobasal white spot, a few scattered v/hite scales on tarsomere 1; posttarsi I-III each with 2 ungues, I-II equal, each bearing a claw. III equal, simple » V/ingt Dorsal veins covered v/ith moderately broad brown scales v/ith v/hite ones intermixed, approximately 30 percent of the scales white; costa v/ith a small v/hite spot at base; ventral veins brov/n scaled with white scales intermixed; alula with narrow brov/n scales along fringe; 1-2 remigial bristles. Ha.1 1 er . Pedicel pale, capitellura v/hite scaled. Abdomen. Terga brov/n v/ith broad dorsobasal white bands on II-'VI and a fev/ basal pale scales on VII j tergum I with several white scales mesally and a rectangular patch of white scales on laterotergite ; terga II-VII each with a lateromedian patch of white scales, patches not con- nected to dorsal bands; sterna with lateral areas mainly pale scaled, median and posterior areas brown; terga and sterna with numerous golden bristles, mostly along posterior Ill margins. Genitalia. Segment VIII distinctly bilobed ventro- apically, extended from segment VII and visible dorsally; tergum IX bilobed with 4-7 bristles on each lobe; cercus long, completely extended and visible dorsally; postgenital plate with a deep median apical indentation with 5-7 bristles on each lobe; insula tongue-like, membranous, covered with tiny spicules; 3 spermathecae, 1 large and 2 slightly smal- ler ones. MALE (Fig. 9). Similar to female in general habitus. Head. Maxillary palpus brovm with dorsobasal white spots on apical 2 segments, a few scattered white scales on ante- penultimate segment, longer than proboscis by length of apical segment; proboscis brovm with a few scattered ventral white scales. Legs. Tarsus I with tarsomere 1 also with a fev/ scattered white scales, tarsomere k with a basal v/hite band; tarsus III with tarsomere 5 with a narrow basal v/hite band; posttarsi I -III each with 2 ungues, I~II with ungues unequal, each bearing a tooth. III unequal, simple. Wing. Basal white spot on costa reduced. Abdomen. Terga brown with broad basal v/hite bands on II -VII and a few later o- median white scales on V-VII ; tergum VIII v/hite v/ith a few lateral brown scales. Genitalia. Tergum IX strongly bilobed with 5-7 bristles on each lobe, entire surface covered with minute spicules; gonocoxite long and moderately broad, dorsal surface with a few scattered short fine bristles, mostly along tergomesal margin, lateral surface v/ith numerous long stout bristles from base to apex, ventral surface with a number of 112 moderately long to long stout bristles on distal 0,35 3ind scattered short ones over the remainder, scattered scales on lateral and ventral surface; gonostylus ivith pedicel very short and broad, distal 0,63 expanded into a large mesal lobe and a lateral longer, narrow, slightly incurved, tapered horn attached approximately 0,^1-3 from base v/ith a very short fine apical hair, mesal expanded lobe with a long, flattened, pig- mented gonostylar claw attached mesally near middle, a short fine hair near base of claw and short hair-like spicules ex- tending from claw proximad, 2-3 short fine hairs near apex and 3"^ similar ones scattered over tergal surface of lobe 1 basal mesal lobe short and rounded apically, distal 0,25 with ^-5 short bristles, entire surface covered with short hair-like spicules; proctiger short, paraproct v/ith a small subapical thumb-like process, cereal setae absent; phallosome with aedeagus of type I with 2 lateral plates connected basally, each plate with k-7 short blunt lateral teeth on distal 0,60 and covered with a dorsal flap, paramere long, approximately 0,98 length of lateral plate; sternum IX large, entire surface covered with minute spicules, 2-3 bristles near center. PUPA. Chaetotaxy as recorded in Table 8, Cephalothorax. Hair 5-C with 3-5 branches; 7-C with 3-6 branches; 8-C with 2-7 branches. Respiratory trumpet, Moderately pigmented; v/ith scattered minute spicules on distal O.75 of inner sur- face; index 3,06-^»-,38, average 3.72. r>'!etanotum. Hair 10-C with 5-9 branches; 12-C with ^■~7 branches. Abdomen, Hair 113 5-1 with 7-16 branches; l-II with 13-20 branches 5 4-11 with 7-16 branches; 1^-11 single; l-III with 6--10 branches; 6--VI double or triple; 1-VII with 3-6 branches; 6-VII with 6-l4. branches; 9-VII with 3-6 branches, 11-VII single or double. Paddle e Ovoid; with very minute serrations along basal 0«50 of outer margin; midrib does not reach apex; hair 1~P short, single; index 1«18"1,53, average lo^lo LARVA (Figo 35) t. Chaetotajcy as figuredo Head e Hairs 1, 3, l^-C single; k^ 6-C with i^"6(5) branches; 5^ 11-C with , 5-7(5) branches; 7-C with 6-10(6) branches; 8, 13-G with 2-4(3) branches; 9-C with 3-4(3) branches; 10-C double or triple (2); 12-C with 4-6(4) branches; I5-C single to triple (1); basal mcixillary hair single; mental plate with 25-32 (25) teethe Antenna » Lightly pigmented; numerous spicules scattered over entire shaft; hair 1-A with 5-9(6) branches, inserted 0c3S~-0c45 from base; 2-A long; 3-A approximately 0.50 length of 2.~Ac ThoraXo Hair 0-P with 5~7(6) branches; 1, 5, 6, 10-P single; 2, 9-P double or triple (2); 3, 4, 7-P double or triple (3); 8-P single or double (2); ll-P double; 12, 14-P single or double (l); 1-M with 3-5(4) branches; 2-.M single or double (1); 3-M with 2-4(3) branches; 4-M with 3-6(4) branches; 5, 7, 10, 11, 12-M single; 6-M with 4-6(5) branches; 8-M with 6-8(7) branches; 9-M with 6-10(6) bran- ches; 13-M with 5-10(6) branches; l4-M with 5-8(6) branches; 1, 11, 12-T single or double (1); 2, 4-T with 3-5(4) bran- ches; 3-T v;ith 10-23(16) branches; 5, lO-O^ single; 6-T double or triple (2); 7-T with 6-10(6) branches; 8-T with 11^!- ^■-6(6) "branches; 9-T with ^-7(6) branches; 13-T v/ith 5-12(5) branches. Abdomene Hairs 0, 1^-VIII single; 1-VIII with ^-7(5) branches; 1-VIII single to triple (2); 3-VIII with 6-12(10) branches; ^-VIII double or triple (2); 5-VIII with 4-8(5) branches; comb v/ith 18-30(18) scales arranged in 3 irregular rows, scales with a short stout apical spine and short denticles along lateral margins; 1-X single or double (l); 2-X with 8-l4(9) branches; 3-X single; ventral brush varies from 9 hairs on grid and 3 precratal ones to 11 hairs on grid and 1 precratal hair, usually v/ith 10 hairs on grid and 2 precratal ones; saddle lightly pigmented with minute ridges I incompletely rings segment, with a few spicules along posterior margin, acus absent; 4 anal gills long, each with a broad base and tapering to a pointed apex. Si phone Moderately pigmented with minute ridges; acus present; index 5eOO-5,56; pecten with 15-19(17) teeth, apical 2-3 teeth longer, smooth and wider spaced tha.n re- mainder v/hich have a. slender attenuate filament with 1-3 basal denticles; hair 1-S with 3-^(3) branches, inserted 0,61-0.68 from base, TYPE DATA, Stegomyia pipersalata Giles, holotype fe- male, Jhansi, Gonda, N, W, Provinces. INDIA, August I900, Lt, Col, G. M, Giles, in British Museum (Natural History); Pseudograbhamia mac ulata Theobald, syntypes female and male, Galgamuwa, CEYLON, August I902, Green, in British Museum (Natural History). 115 DISTRIBUTION, Specimens examined — 12 males, 23 females, 2 pupae, 10 larvae and 2 individual larval rearings from the following locations J CAMBODIA, Kiriromj CEYLON, Galgamuwa, Polgahawela; INDIA, Belgaum, Bombay Deccan, Tavargatti; Northwest, Gonda; THAILAND, Kanchanaburi. Other distribution. CEYLON, Colombo (James 191^: 262); Anciankulam near Trinco- malee (Carter and Wijesundara 19'<-8: 1^1); INDIA, North V/est Provinces, Gonda, Jhansi (Giles 1902: 372); Madras City, Pusa (Senior-White 1923* 8l); Bengal; Central Provinces; Anwarganj , Covmpore District; Cuttack, Kamptee, Nagpur Dis- trict, Madhupur, Pusa, Ranihat (Barraud 1928: 66k)', Poona, Baramati (Rao and Rajagopalan 1957s 10); Bombay, Kamptee, Belgaum, Tav/argatti; Bihar, Ranihat; Orissa, Cuttack, Uttar Pradesh, Anv/arganj, Kanpur, Dehra Dun, Kalsi (V/attal et al. 1958: 223); WEST PAKISTAN, Baradari Garden, Bolarum (Qutubuddin 1951-. 30). TAXONOMIC DISCUSSION, Aedes pipersalatus is similar "to taeniorhynchoides and vexans in the adult habitus, Pipersalatus possesses the follov/ing features: scutum with definite white scale patches; postprocoxal membrane bare; scutellum v/ith a patch of broad and a few narrow curved v/hite scales on midlobe; prealar knob without scales; and wing with approximately 30 percent of the scales v/hite and intermixed with brovm ones while taeniorhynchoides has the follov/ing: scutum lighter scaled with indistinct dorsal patches of white scales; postprocoxal membrane v/ith a few small broad v/hite scales; scutellum with only narrovi? curved white scales on midlobe ; prealar knob with a small patch of broad v/hite scales on lateroventral margin; and wing with approximately 40 percent of the scales white and intermixed v/ith brov/n ones. From vexans. these 2 species are easily separated by the large number of white scales intermixed with brov/n ones on most of the dorsal veins of the wing. Other features of pipersalatus are: scutal fossal area of scutum with h-S bristles; post- pronotum v/ith ^-6 posterior bristles; and postspiracular area 116 with 4-5 bristles while vexans possesses the following: scu- tal fossal area of scutum with 9-11 bristles; postpronotum with 8-10 bristles; and postspiracular area with 8-9 bris- tles. The postgenital plate of the female genitalia has a deep median apical indentation in pipersalatus but in taen- iorh?/nchoides there is only a small median apical indentation. The male genitalia of pipersalatus is very similar to taeniorhynchoides but can be separated by the shape and chaetotaxy of the gonostylus. The pupa of pipersalatus resembles culicinus and can be separated from this species by abdominal hair 4--II which has 7-l6 branches as compared to 2-5 branches in culicinus. The chaetotaxy of the larva is similar to alboscutel- latus and is discussed under that species. BIOLOGY, Larvae were collected in jungle pools in India. Pupae were found in paddy fields and in a coconut treehole in Ceylon. In India, immature s v/ere collected from ground pools and water-filled ditches (Barraud 193'l't 260) and adults were taken in indoor shelters and biting outdoors (Rao and Rajagopalan 1957: 10) o AEDES (AEDIMORPHUS) PUNCTIFEMORIS (LUDLOW) Stegomvia punctifemore Ludlow 1921, Mil, Surg, 49: 69O (ft: Aedes (Stegomyia) punctifemore Ludlow, Edv/ards 1922b, Indian J, med. Res. 10: ^6^* 117 Aedes (Finlaya?) punctifemore Ludlow, Dyar and Shannon 1925, Insecutor Inscit, menstr. 13'. 75 (F)». Aedes (Aedimorphus) punctifemore Ludlov/, Dyar 1925* Insecutor Inscit. menstr. 13: 217 (M) ; Edwards 1932, Genera Insec, Fasc. 19^: I68, Aedes (Aedimorphus) punctifemore (Ludlov/), Edv/ards in Barraud 193^. Fauna Brit. India, Diptera 5: ^^ (F)» Aedes (Aedimorphus) punctifemore (Ludlow), Bohart l9^5f Navmed 58 0, p. 6^^ (M,F*); Knight and Hull 1953, Pacif. Sci, 7: ^59 (M*.F), Aedes (Aedimorphus) punctifemoris (Ludlow), Stone et al. 1959, Thomas Say Found, 57" 196. FEMALE (Fig. 10), Head, Antenna dark "brovm, approxi- mately equal in length to proboscis, pedicel pale v/ith a patch of broad silvery scales and a fev/ short fine brovm hairs me sally, flagellomere 1 pale with a few small brovm scales; clypeus dark brown, bare; ma.xillary palpus brovm scaled v/ith tuft of pale hairs at tip, approximately 0,18 length of proboscis; proboscis golden-brovm scaled with apical 0,25 and basal 0,10 dark brown, approximately 1.33 length of femur I; vertex and sides covered with broad de- cumbent scales, dorsum v/ith an anteromedian diamond-shaped light brov/n group and remainder silvery-v/hite ; lateral surface v/ith an anterodorsal triangular light brown patch separated from lov/er brovm area by a v/hite stripe extending from eye margin posteromesally to occiput; narrow white scales and numerous dark brov/n erect forked scales on oc- ciput, fewer scales on vertex which extend to ocular line. Thorax, Scutal integument dark brov/nish-black; scutum cov- ered with narrow curved reddish-black scales, broad silvery 118 scales forming patches on anterior promontory area, scutal fossal areas (anterior, lateral and posterior areas each with a circular patch), supra-alar area with a small patch anterior to and one posterior to v/ing base, posterior medial scutal area, prescutellar space along posterolateral margins and a fev/ scattered broad white scales among pos- terior dorsocentral bristles; scutellum with a patch of broad silvery scales on each lobe (one Philippine specimen with broad pale brown scales on median lobe); median an- terior promontory, acrostichal, dorsocentral (anterior and posterior), scutal fossal (anterior, 3-^ lateral, 1-2 posterior), supra-alar, several posterior medial scutal, 1 postalar callular and scutellar (lateral and median) bristles reddish-black and well developed, others absent j pleural integument dark reddish-brown; antepronotum with a few broad silvery scales, several dark bristles; post- pronotum with narrow curved reddish-black scales dorsally and a posterior patch of broad silvery scales, 4-5 posterior dark bristles; propleuron with a patch of broad silvery scales, several dark bristles; postspiracular area with 4-5 dark bristles; subspiracular area with 2 small patches of broad silvery scales; mesepisternum with a small upper and a small posterior patch of broad silvery scales, several upper and posterior dark bristles, lower ones shorter; prealar knob with several dark bristles; paratergite cov- ered with broad silvery scales; mesepimeron with a small patch of broad silvery scales and S-(:> dark bristles on 119 upper area; other pleural areas "bare. Legs. Coxae I-III each with several dark bristles, I with broad brown scales on anterior and lateral surfaces and a dorsal patch of silvery scales, II with an anteromedian silvery patch of scales with a few brown ones below, III with a few antero- ventral pale brovm scales; trochanters I-III each with brown scales; femora I-III brown, each with a dorsoapical silvery spot and several broad silvery scales scattered over anterior surface; femur I with posterior brown with several broad silvery scales intermixed; femora II~III each with basal 0.75 mainly brownish-white scaled, remainder brown; tibiae I-III brovm, each with a dorsoapical silvery spot and several broad silvery scales scattered over surfaces, mainly on anterior surface; tarsi I-III brovm; posttarsi I-III each with 2 ungues, I-II equal, each bearing a tooth, III equal, simple. Win^;. Dorsal veins covered with moder- ately broad brovm scales with a silvery patch at base of costa; alula with narrow brovm scales along fringe; 2-3 remigial bristles. Halter , Stem pale brovm, knob brovm scaled. Abdomen. Terga brovm; tergum I v/ith a rectangular patch of silvery-v/hite scales on laterotergite ; terga II- VII each with a small laterobasal patch of silvery scales; sterna brown scaled; terga and sterna with numerous golden- brown bristles, mostly along posterior margins. Genitalia. Segment VIII distinctly bilobed ventrcapically, retracted into segment VII; tergum IX bilobed with ^~6 bristles on each lobe; cercus long, 0.75 extended and visiTale dorsally; 120 postgenital plate with a deep median apical indentation with 5-7 bristles on each lobe; insula tongue-like, membranous, covered with tiny spicules? 3 spermathecae, 1 large and 2 slightly smaller ones. MALE (Fig, 10), Similar to female in general habitus. Head, Maxillary palpus brown, longer than proboscis by length of apical segment. Thorax, Propleuron with only 1-3 dusky-white scales, numerous dark bristles. Legs, Posttarsi I -III each v/ith 2 ungues, I -II with ungues un- equal, each bearing a tooth. III unequal, simple. Abdomen, Tergura I brown v/ith a patch of silvery scales on latero- tergite; terga II-YII brovm each with a small laterobasal patch of silvery scales; torgum VIII silvery; sterna brown with an incomplete v/hite stripe on lateral margins of sterna III-VIII, Genitalia (Fig, I9), Tergum IX strongly bilobed v/ith 6-7 bristles on each lobe, entire surface covered with minute spicules; gonocoxite long and moderately broad, dorsal surface with a few long stout bristles along lateral margin and scattered moderately long and short ones over remainder of area, very short fine bristles along tergomesal margin, lateral surface with long stout and a fe^v moderately long bristles, ventral surface with long stout bristles on distal 0,^5 and moderately long ones along sternomesal margin, very numerous on distal 0.75f scattered short bristles over remainder of area, scattered scales on lateral and ventral surfaces; gono- stylus with pedicel moderately long, narrow and somewhat 121 incurved, distal 0,^6 expanded into a me sal lobe and a lateral short tapering apically pointed horn attached ap- proximately 0.72 from base with a short fine hair at apex, mesal expanded lobe with a moderately long, flattened, curved, apically blunt gonostylar clav/ attached mesally near middle, 2 short stout bristles at apex and 2--^ slightly smaller ones along apical margin, 3~Ur short fine hairs on tergal surface proximad of claw; basal mesal lobe short and rounded apically, distal 0,^5 with ^-6 short bristles, entire surface covered with short hair-like spicules; proctiger short, paraproct v/ith a subapical thumb-like process, cereal setae absent; phallosome with aedeagus of type I with 2 lateral plates connected basally, each plate with ^-6 short blunt lateral teeth on distal 0,56 and covered with a dorsal flap, paramere long, ap- proximately 0.80 length of lateral plate; sternum IX large, entire surface covered with minute spicules, ^-5 bristles near center. PUPA AND LARVA, Not knov/n. TYPE DATA. Stegomyia punctifemore Ludlov/, holotype female. Fort V/m.McKinley, Rizal, Luzon. PHILIPPINES, 20 August 1921, in United States National Museum (Natural History). DISTRIBUTION. Specimens examined — 2 males and 21 females from the following locations: EAST PAKISTAN, Dina.jpur, Thakurgaon; INDIA, Bihar. Gaya; PHILIPPINES, Luzon, Wack-V/ack; Rizal, Camp Nichols, Ft. V/m. McKinley. 122 TAXONOMIC DISCUSSION. Aedes punctifemoris is a very distinct species and is easily recognized by the following features: vertex covered with hroad scales; scutum v/ith patches of broad white scales; ante pronot urn and post- pronotum each with a few broad white scales; postspiracular area v/ithout scales; femora and tibiae with broad white scales intermixed with the brown ones; and tarsi dark scaled. BIOLOGY. Adults were taken in light traps in the Philippines. AEDES (AEDIMORPHUS) TAENIORHYNCHOIDES (CHRISTOPHERS) Pecomyia maculata Theobald 1905 (non Meigen l80i^), J. econ. Biol, 1: 23 (F*); Theobald 190?, Monogr. Cul. ^: 266 ( W-^ , F-"- ) ; Brunetti I907, Rec. Indian Mus. 1: 3^0; Theobald I910, Monogr. Cul, 5: 260; Brunetti 1912, Rec. Indian Mus. kt ^160, Leslieomyia taeniorhynchoides Christophers 1911 » Paludism 2-3: 68 (M,F), Ochlorotatus taeniorhynchoides (Chrisi), Edwards 1913 » Bull, ento Res. " 4: 227'(M,F). Ochlerotatus taeniorhynchoides Chris,, Brunetti 1920, Rec, Indian Mus. 1?: l4l ;~ Senior-V/hite 1923t Pat, Indian Insects, Cul., p. 83» Aedes (Ecculex) taoniorhynchoides Chr., Edv/ards 1922b, Indian J. med. Res. 10: JfSy. Aedes (Aedimorphus) taeniorhynchoides (ChrisO, Barraud 1928, Indian J, ned. Res. 15: 665 (M*,F); Stone at al, 1959 f Thomas Say Found. 6: 197. Aedes (Aedimorphus) taeniorhynchoides Christophers, Edwards 1932, Genera Insec, Fasc, 19^ » I70, Aedes (Apdimorphus) taeniorhynchoides (Christophers), Barraud 193''-''» Fauna Brit, India, Diptera 5« 260 (M--SF). 123 FEMALE (Fig. 11). Head. Antenna dark brovm, approxi- mately 0.98 length of proboscis, pedicel dark brov/n with a few small broad brov/nish-white scales and a patch of short fine brovm hairs mesally, flagellomere 1 v/ith basal 0,^0 pale and with a few small white scales; clypeus dark brown, bare; maxillary palpus brovm scaled, segment ^ v/ith white scales on apical O.5O and a few at base, also an apicomesal patch of short white hairs, approximately 0.22 length of proboscis; proboscis v/hite scaled, apical 0,25 and basal 0.11 brown with a few v/hite scales intermixed, a few brovm scales intermixed on dorsal surface of v/hite area, approxi- mately 1.28 length of femur I; vertex v/ith dorsum covered with narrov; curved decumbent v/hite scales v/ith a fev/ narrow curved golden-brov/n ones intermixed on anteromedian area; lateral surface covered v/ith broad v/hite scales v/ith an anterodorsal patch of dark brovm ones; numerous golden-brovm erect forked scales on occiput and vertex extending anter- iorly to ocular line. Thorax. Scutal integument dark* reddish-brov/n; scutum covered v/ith narrov/ curved golden- brovm scales v/ith narrov/ curved v/hite ones forming indis- tinct patterns as follov/s: small circular patches on anterior promontory area, anterior and median scutal fossal areas, scutal angle, and posterior medial scutal area, a large patch covering most of supra-alar area, prescutellar space v/ith a patch along lateral margins and meeting in center, similar scales scattered along lateral margin of scutal fossal area and scutal ridge, and among seta on 124 acrostichal and dorsocsntral areas; scutellum with a patch of narrow curved v/hite scales on each lobe and a few long "broad white ones on lateral lobes and occasionally 2-4 on median lobe; median anterior promontory, acrostichal, dorso- central (anterior and posterior), scutal fossal (anterior, 3-5 lateral, 1-2 median and 2-3 posterior), supra-alar, several posterior medial scutal, 1 postalar callular and scutellar (lateral and median) bristles reddish-brovm and well developed; pleural integument dark brov/n; antepronotum covered with narrow curved white scales, several brown bris- tles; postpronotum covered with narrow curved scales, a few golden-brown ones dorsally and white ones below, 7-8 reddish-brovm posterior bristles; propleuron covered with broad white scales, several brown bristles; postspiracular area with a patch of broad v/hite scales and a few narrow curved v/hite ones, 4-6 golden bristles; subspiracular area with 2 patches of broad v/hite scales, lov/er one longer; mesepisternum with an upper and a posterior patch of broad white scales, several upper and posterior golden bristles, lov/er ones shorter; prealar knob v/ith a small patch of broad white scales on lateroventral margin, several golden bristles; paratergite with moderately broad curved v/hite scales; mesepimeron v/ith a large patch of broad white scales and several golden bristles on upper area; other pleural areas bare# Legs« Coxae I -III each v/ith several brov/n bristles, I-II each with a patch of broad white scales dorsally and broad brown ones below v/ith a few intermixed 125 white scales, III with a small anteroventral patch of broad white scales; postprocoxal membrane with a few small broad white scales; trochanters I-III each v;ith broad v/hite scales i femora I-III each with anterior brown v/ith a large number of white scales intermixed, an apical white spot suid a nar- rov/ basal white band, I with posterior brov/n with a large number of white scales intermixed, II-III each v/ith poster- ior white v/ith brovm scales intermixed on apical 0,30; tibiae I-III each brovm v/ith a large number of v/hite scales intermixed, posterior surfaces white with a few pale brown scales intermixed and each with a narrow basal v/hite band and a small dorsoapical v/hite spot; tarsus I brov/n with tarsomere 1 v/ith a ventral longitudinal v/hite stripe, tarso- meres 1-3 each v/ith a basal white band, tarsomeres ^-5 each with a dorsobasal white spot, tarsomeres 1-2 each with a few intermixed v/hite scales; tarsus II brown v/ith tarsomere 1 with a ventral longitudinal white stripe, tarsomeres 1-^ each with a basal white band, tarsomere 5 v/ith a dorsobasal white spot, tarsomeres 1-3 each with a few intermixed white scales; tarsus III brov/n v/ith tarsomeres 1-5 each v/ith a basal white band, tarsomeres 1-3 each with a fev/ intermixed white scales; posttarsi I-III each with 2 ungues, I-II equal, each with a tooth, III equal, simple. Wing. Dorsal veins covered with intermixed broad brov/n and v/hite scales, approximately 40 percent of the scales white; costa with a patch of white scales at base; ventral veins with intermixed brov/n and v/hite scales; alula with narrov/ brov/n scales along 126 fringe; 2 remigial bristles. Halter. Pedicel pale, capitellum white scaled. Abdomen. Tergum I brown with a median patch of white scales, laterotergite with a rectangu- lar patch of v/hite scales; terga II-VI each brown with a dorsobasal v/hite band connected more or less with a latero- basal white patch, a few brov/n scales intermixed in lateral patches; tergum VII with a small median dorsobasal white patch and a large laterobasal white patch; terga II-VII each with a fev/ intermixed white scales becoming more numer- ous on VI-VII; sterna white scaled with numerous brown scales intermixed; terga and sterna v/ith numerous golden bristles, mostly along posterior margins. Genitalia. Segment VIII distinctly bilobed ventroapically, usually extended from segment VII and visible dorsally; tergum IX bilobed with 6-10 bristles on each lobe; cercus long, completely extended and visible dorsally; postgenital plate with a small median apical indentation with 5-7 bristles on each lobe; insula tongue-like, membranous, covered with tiny spicules; 3 spermathecae, 1 large and 2 slightly smaller ones. -- MLE (Fig. 11) 0 Similar to female in general habitus. Head, Maxillary palpus brown with scattered white scales on each segment, s.pical 2 segments each with a dorsobasal white spot, longer than proboscis by length of apical seg- ment; proboscis brown v/ith numerous v/hite scales intermixed and a golden band just past middle. Abdomen. Terga II-VII brown, each with a basal white band, VIII all white; sternum VIII brown with a laterobasal white spot. Legs. Posttarsi 127 I-III each with 2 ungues, I-II v;ith ungues unequal, each bearing a tooth, III unequal, simple. Genitalia. Tergum IX strongly bilobed with 8-11 bristles on each lobe, entire surface covered with minute spicules; gonocoxite long and moderately broad, dorsal surface with scattered short fine bristles, lateral surface with numerous long stout bristles from base to apex, ventral surface with long stout bristles on distal 0,40, short to moderately long bristles over re- mainder of area, scattered scales on lateral and ventral surfaces; gonostylus with pedicel very short and broad, distal 0.65 expanded into a large mesal lobe and a lateral longer, narrow, slightly incurved, tapered horn attached approximately 0,28 from base with a short fine apical hair, mesal expanded lobe with a long, flattened, strongly tapered, pigmented gonostylar claw attached mesally near middle with a short fine hair near base and short hair-like spicules from claw proximad, 5-6 short fine hairs along apical mar- gin and ^ similar ones on tergal surface of lobe near middle; basal mesal lobe short and rounded apically, distal 0,55 with 6-7 short bristles, entire surface covered with short hair-like spicules; proctiger short, paraproct with a small subapical thumb-like process, cereal setae absent; phallo- some of type I with 2 lateral plates connected basally, each plate with 6 short blunt lateral teeth on distal 0,57 and covered with a dorsal flap, paramere long, approximately 0,90 length of lateral plate; sternum IX large, entire sur- face covered with minute spicules, 4-5 bristles near center. 128 PUPA AND LARVA. Not knovm. TYPE DATA. Pecorayia maculata Theobald, holotype female, INDIA, Capt. James, one wing mounted on microscope slide with the following information: INDIA, Capt. James, I. M.S. Coll., in the British Museum (Natural History). There has been some confusion about the location of the types of Leslieomyia taeniorhynchoides Christophers. In the original description of the species, Christophers (I9II: 72) states the types (2 males and 1 female) were collected in September at Amritsar, INDIA, and deposited in the col- lection of the Central Malaria Bureau, Kasauli. Barraud (1928: 66s) lists the types of taenior?iynchoides in the Central Malaria Bureau collection but in 193^ (page 26o) he states they are in the British Museum. Stone et al« (1959: 197) also lists the types in the British Museum (Natural History). The types of taeniorhynchoides were not found in the collection at the British Museum and after checking Barraud 's correspondence on file there I found that he had never sent them to the British Museum. They are in the collection at the National Institute of Com- municable Diseases, Delhi, India, which received the col- lection from the Central Malaria Bureau. DISTRIBUTION. Specimens examined — 10 males and 30 females from the follov/ing locations: INDIA, Ambala, Chandigarh; Pun. jab, Amritsar, Karnal; WEST PAKISTAN, Lahore. Lahore, Shah Zada. pther distribution. CHINA, Hainan Island (Chu 195?: 158, 195"Sl IO9); INDIA, Delhi (Barraud I928: 665)', THAILAND (Thurman 1959: 121, 129 19635 6^!-); Chiengmaif Chiengmai (Scanlon and Esah 1965: 139); SOUTH VIETNAM, Phan Rang (Parrish 1968a: 3); V/EST PAKISTAN, Lahore, Changa Manga Forest (Aslamkhan and Salman 19 69: 19^). TAXONOMIC DISCUSSION. The adult habitus and female and male genitalia of taeniorhyiichoides are similar to piper- salatus and are discussed under that species. Females of taeniorh^alchoides also resemble vexans from which they can be separated by the large number of white scales intermixed with brovm ones on most of the dorsal veins of the v/ing and postspiracular area v/ith ^!— 6 bristles (vexans has 8-9 bristles). The aedeagus, proctiger and gonostylus of the male genitalia of taeniorhynchoides are markedly different from those of yexansc BIOLOGY, Adults were taken biting cattle in V/est Pakistan, Immatures v/ere collected in India from ground pools (Barraud 193^+ J 26l) and from a small muddy puddle (Chris- tophers 1911 : 72 )c In V/est Pakistan, this species was taken from cattle biting collections after dusk and rarely attracted to human bait (Aslamkhan and Salman I969: 19^). Adults were collected in scrub or open forests at 1,000 to ^,500 feet in Thailand (Scanlon and Esahl965: 139, Ikj), AEDSS (AEDir/IORPHUS) VEXANS (MEIGEN) Culex vexans Meigen 1830, Syst, Beschr. zweifl. Ins. 6: 2ii-l (?); Theobald I903, Monogr, Cul, 3: kOk (M-,F-); Giles 1902, Handbo, p. ^l6 (rvr-.F-); Blanc hard I905, Moust., p. 309 (i.1^-,F-^); Theobald I905, Genera Insec, Fasc. 26: 26. 130 Culex nocturnus Theobald I903, Wonogr, Cul. 3: 159 (P*)j Theobald 1905f Genera Insec, Fasc, 26: 25; Theobald 1910, Monogr. Cul, 5i 32^. NEW SYNONYMY. Culicada minuta Theobald I907, Monogr, Cul. ^i 338 (F*)j Theobald 1910, Monogr. Cul. 5i 29^; Brunetti 1912, Rec. Indian Mus. ki liSZ, Culex stenoetrus Theobald I907, Monogr. Cul. kz 395 (F); Brunetti 1912, Rec. Indian Mus. 4: 475, Culex pseudostenoetrus Theobald I910, Monogr, Cul, 5: 3^3 (P*). ' Culicada eruthrosops Theobald I910, Monogr. Cul, 5: 299 (F*); Brunetti I912, Rec. Indian Mus. 'f: 462. Culex nocturnus var, niger Theobald I913 in Sarasin and Roux, Nova Caledonia A., Zool. 1: l6^■ (A), Ochlerotatus stenoetrus (Theo,), Edwards 1913, Bull, ent. Res. 4: 228. Ochlerotatus vexans variety stenoetrus Theo., Edwards I917, Bull. ent. Res. 7: 219, Ochlerotatus vexans Mg,, Edwards 1917* Bull, ent. Res, 7: 218; Brunetti 1920, Rec. Indian Mus. 17: 135; Senior-V/hite 1923, Cat, Indian Insects, Cul,, p. 83, Aedes (Ecculex) vexans (Mg.), Edv/ards 1921, Bull. ent. Res. 12: 322. Aedes (Ecculex) vexans Mg,, Edwards 1922b, Indian J, med. Res, 10: 467, Aedes (Aedimorphus) vexans Meigen, Edwards 1924, Bull, ent, Reso 14: 372; Brug 1924, Bull, ent. Res, l4t 436 (L); Dyar and Shannon I925, Insecutor Inscit, nienstr, 13: 77; Buxton and Hopkins I925, Bull, ent. Res, I5: 300 (L); Borel 1930, Coll, Soc, Path, exot, Monogr, 3« 275 (M*,F); Lee 1944, Atlas Mosq. Larvae Australian Region p. 72 (L*); Natvig 1948, Suppl. Norsk ent. Tidsskr. 1: 4l2 (M*,F,L*), Aedes (Aedimorphus) vexans (Meigen), Barraud 1928, Indian J, med. Res. I5I ^0 (M*,F*); Penn 1949, Pacif, Sci, 3s 60 (P-*); Horsfall and Craig I956, Ann, ent, Soc, Am. k9t 370 (E*); Stone et al. 1959, Thomas Say Found. 6: 198; Assem and Bonne-Wepster 1964, Zool. Bijdr. 6: 99 (M,F,L«-); Mohrig I967, Angew. Parasit. 8: 80 (F*); Kalpage and Brust I968, Can. J. Zool. 46: 711 (E*); Pao and Knight I97O, J. Geo. ent. Soc. 5: II5 (L*). 131 Aedes ( Aedimorphus) vexans (Meigen), Barraud 193^f Fauna Brit. India, Diptera 5: 253 (M*.F.L), Aedes (Aedimorphus) vexans Meigen, Bohart 19^5f U. S, Navmed. 58O, p. 64 (M*,L); Bonne-V/epster 195^* Doc. med. Geogr. Trop. 6: 239 (M,F,L*). Aedes (Aedimorphus) vexans nocturnus (Theobald), Bohart and Ingram 19^6, U. S. Navmed. IO55, p. 15 (M,F, P*,L); Yamaguti and La Casse 1950» Mosquito Fauna Guam, p. 73 (M*, F-^.L* ) ; Knight and Hull 1953, Pacif. Sci. 7: 460 (M*,F,L*); Bohart 195^ (1957), Insects Micronesia 12: 59 (M*,F,L-^); Stone et al. 1959, Thomas Say Found. 6: I98; Lein I962, Pacif, Insects 4: 627, Aedes (Aedimorphus) nocturnus (Theobald), Belkin 1962, Mosquitoes S." Pacif,, p, 427 (M*, F.P^^L* ) ; Stone 1963, Proc, ent, Soc, Wash. 65: 13O; Belkin I965, Contr. Am. ent. Inst. 1(4): 23, Aedes (Aedimorphus) stenoetrus (Theo,), Barraud 1928, Indian J. med. Res. 15: 661 (M*,F'>); Stone et al, 1959, Thomas Say Found. 6: 197, Aedes (Aedimorphus) stenoetrus Theobald, Edwards 1932, Genera Insec, Fasc I 19^: I70, Aedes (Ae^d.imorphus) stenoetrus (Theobald), Barraud 193^i Fauna Brit, India, Diptera 5: 255 (M*,F), FEr/IALE (Fig. 12). Head. Antenna dark brown, approxi- mately 1,02 length of proboscis, pedicel pale brown with several small v/hite scales and a patch of short fine dark hairs me sally, flagellomere 1 pale with a few small pale scales; clypeus light brown, bare; maxillary palpus brown scaled v/ith white scales at apex, base of segment 4 and occasionally along outer lateral margin of segments 3-4, approximately O0I8 length of proboscis; proboscis brown scaled dorsally with scattered white scales on basal 0,75, ventral and lateral surfaces golden-white from near base to apical O.25 which is entirely dark, approximately 1,22 132 length of femur I; vertex with dorsum covered with narrow curved decumbent scales, an anteromedian diamond-shaped brov/n group and the remainder v/hite; surface covered with broad scales, an anterodorsal black patch with white ones below and a second lower black patch in some specimens, occasion- ally a large patch of dusky scales anterior to antepronotum, small narrow decumbent white scales on occiput and posterior to the anterodorsal black patch; numerous golden and brown erect forked scales on occiput and vertex extending antei-iorly to ocular line. Thorax, Scutal integument dark brownish- black; scutum covered with narrov; curved reddish-black scales, scutal patterns vary considerably but usually v/ith narrow curved v/hite scale patches on median anterior pro- montory area, scutal fossal areas extending from anterior area along margin and onto lateral area, small patch at scutal angle, supra-alar area above posterior of paratergite extending to posterior of wing base, posterior medial scutal area, along lateral m.argins of prescutellar space and simong posterior dorsocentral setae, an indistinct patch of narrow dusky-white scales lateral to posterior dorsocentral setae above supra-alar white patch; scutelluia v/ith a patch of narrov/ curved white scales on each lobe; median anterior promontory, acrostichal, dorsocentral (anterior and poster- ior), scutal fossal (anterior, ^-7 lateral, 1-2 median and 2-3 posterior), supra-alar, several posterior medial scutal, 1 postalar callular and scutellar (lateral and median) bristles reddish-black and well developed; pleural integu- ment dark to light brown; antepronotum covered v/ith narrov/ 133 curved white scales with a few "broad white ones anteriorly, several dark bristles; postpronotum dark, completely cov- A ered with narrov/ curved scales, a small patch of lower posterior white ones and the remainder reddish-black, some specimens also with a few lower broad white scales, 7-10 dark posterior bristles; propleuron with a patch of broad white scales, several golden bristles; postspiracular area v;ith a large patch of narrow curved or moderately broad scales or both, 7-9 golden bristles; subspiracular area with 2 patches of broad white scales, lov/er one longer; mese- pisternum with an upper and a posterior patch of broad white scales, several upper and posterior golden bristles, lower ones shorter; prealar knob v/ith a sm.all patch of long broad white scales on lateroventral margin, several golden bristles; paratergite v/ith a patch of white scales on lateral margin, scales vary in shape, some specimens with narrow curved ones, some with moderately broad ones and some v/ith both types; mesepimeron v/ith a patch of broad v/hite sca(2) branches; 3-T with 3-7(5) branches; 5, 10, 12-T single; 6, 11-T single or double (1); 7-T with 7-10(9) branches; 8-T with 4-5(4) . branches; 9-T with 4-6(4) branches; 13-T with 5-9(6) bran- ches. Abdomen. Hairs 1, 2-VIII on common basal plate; hairs 0, 14-VIII single; 1-VIII with 5-12(8) branches; 2, 4-VIII double or triple (2); 3-VIII with 6-10(9) branches; 5-VIII with 7-10(9) branches; comb of 7-12(8) scales ar- ranged in 1-2 irregular rov/s, scales with a long stout pointed median spine and short denticles along lateral mar- gins of base; 1, 3~-X single; 2-X with 5-8(7) branches; ventral brush varies from 12 hairs on grid and 4 precratal 139 ones to l4 hairs on grid and 3 precratal ones, usually with 13 hairs on grid and 3 precratal ones; saddle moderately pigmented, incompletely rings segment, v/ith small spicules along posterior margin, acus present; ^ anal gills long and tapering to a "blunt point. Siphon, Moderately pigmented v/ith minute ridges over entire surface; acus large; index 2,11-3,10; pecten with 13-18(16) teeth, apical 2-3 teeth larger, smooth or with a minute basal denticle and wider spaced than remainder which have a slender attenuate fila- ment with 1-3 basal denticles; hair l-S with 5~6{S) bran- ches, inserted 0»^G~0,69 from base, TYPE DATA. C ulex vexans Meigen, holotype female, near Berlin, GERMANY, Ruthe, in Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France; Gulex arabiensis Patton, syntypes male and female, Ulub Camp and Carter, \7est Aden Protectorate, types nonexistent; Gulox articulatus Rondani, ITALY, loca- tion of type unknown; Aedes euochrus Hov/ard, Dyar and Knab, Popcum, British Columbia, CANADA, 2 August I903, J. Fletcher, type no. 1205?, in United States National Museum (Natural History); Culicada eruthrosops Theobald, holotype female, Trincomalee, CEYLON, November I906, E, Green, in British- Museum (Natural History); Culex malar iae Grassi, ITALY, lo- cation of type unknown; Culicada minuta Theobald, holotype female, INDIA, Dr. Christophers, in British Museum (Natural History); Cjjlex nocturnus var, niger Theobald, holotype female (?), Canala, NEW CALEDONIA, in Naturhistorisches Museum, Basel, Switzerland; Culex nocturnus Theobald, 2 1'40 syntype females, Ba, FIJI ISLANDS, April-June, Hall, in British Museum (Natural History); Culex parvus Macquart, Bordeaux, pironde, FRANCE, type nonexistent; Culex stenoe- trus Theobald, holotype female, Maskeliya, CEYLON, April 1905, E, E. Green, in British Museum (Natural History); Culex pseudostenoetrus Theobald, holotype female, Hakgala, CEYLON, 30 August 190?, E. Green, in British Museum (Natural History); Culex sylvestris Theobald, syntype female, Rondeau Provincial Park, Kent Co,, Ontario, CANADA, I6 September 1899, Ee Mt V/alker, from the interior of a sandy wood of white pine v/ith a few hard woods, and syntype male, De Grassi Pt,, Lake Simcoe, Ontario, CANADA, I9 July I899, E. M. Walker, from grass and low herbs in a wood of maple, aspen, balsam and fir, both in British Museum (Natural His- tory). DISTRIBUTION. Specimens examined— 537 males, 1,^37 fem.ales, I36 pupae, 276 larvae and 129 individual rearings (^-5 pupal, 8^ lairval) from the following locations: AUSTRIA, Marchegg; BURMA, Rangoon; CANADA, British Colombia, Prince George; Manitoba, Av/eme, V/innipeg; Ontario, De Grassi Pto, Lake Simcoe, Rondeau Provincial Park, Kent Co.; CEYLON, Hakgala, Maskeliya, Newara-Eliya, Trincomalee, V/eligama; CHINA, Yunnan; FIJI, Lani, Lav/aga, Nacaugai, Nausori, Penang, Soso, Suva; FPJ^NCE, Lyon; GERMANY; INDIA, Assam, Chabua, Shillong, Tinsukia; Bengal, Darjeeling, Sukna; Kashmir, Srinagar; Madras, Coonoor; Pun.jab, Ambala; Bombay Deccan, Tavargatti, Nilgiris, Palnis, Kodai Ranal ; INDO- NESIA, Flores; Celebes, Bwool, Molino, Paloe, Pare-Pare, Saleicr; Ceram, Honititoe, Lisiela, Paniwal, Piroe, Vatoenoeoe, V/arasuva ; Java, Angki, Batavia, Gombong, Tjilatjap; New Guinea, Mambave River, Oeta; Sumatra, Atjch, Bengkoelen, Ranau; Timor, Atamboea; Amboina, Digoel River, Lisabata, Mamoedjoe, Vabaena near Boeton; IRAN, Enzebi; IRAQ, Ba°hdad; ITALY. Lucca; MACEDONIA, Bajirli, Keulike; MALAYSIA, Kedah, Serdang; North Borneo, Membakut; Pahang, Mela, M, Lipis; Perak, Lasah; Selangor , Puchong, Sabak; Trengganu, Marang; Kg, Saban, Semoorna, Knantan, Kota Belud, Timbang; MARIANA ISLANDS, Saipanl NEV/ CALEDONIA, Puebo; 141 NEV/ HEBRIDES, Espirita Santo, Mai Is., Segond Channel; PHILIPPINES, Camarines Sur, Iriga; Laguna, Balian; Leyte, Abu.yog, Alangalang, Burauen, Carigara, Dulag, Gabas, Gulf, Jinanioc Is., Mahaptag, Tacloban, Tarragona, Tolosa; L uz on , V/ack-V/ack; Manila; luindanao, Bunawan, Dargo, Kabakan, Ludlow Barracks, Parang, Pettit Barracks, Zamboanga, Torrey Barracks; Kindoro, Carniuav/it Point, San Jose; Moun- tain Province, Trinidad; Palawan, Panakan, Panitian, Quezon, Puerto Princesa, Tarusan; Pampaniya, Camp Stotsenberg; Panga- slnan, Bayambang, San Fabian, Sison, Tayug; Fvizal, Alabany, Carnp Nichols, Ft. Win. McKinley, Pasig River; Samar, San Antonio; Calaccad, Camp Eldridge, Iloilo, Libjo, Los Banos, Port of Parany, Sanga Sanga Is., Lapit-Lapit, Tawi Tav/i Is., Batu Batu, Tayabas, Infanta; ROMANIA, Bessavabia, Cornana Vlasca; SAMOA, Aeipata, Upolu Is.; SOUTH VIETNAM, An-Khe, Cu-Chi, Dalat, Lai Khe, Long Binh, Nha Trang, Plei Ku; SWEDEN, Stockholm; TAIWAN, Haping, Hv/alien, Kelaipao, Shyolin; THi\ILAND, Chiaiig Mai; Chon Buri; Chumphor; Kan- chanaburi ; Krabi ; Krujig Thep; Lampang; Nakhon Ratchasima; Nakon Si Tham.marat ; Narathiv/at ; Phrao ; SongkhJa; Surat Thani; TIBET, Yatung; U.S.A. Florida, California.- Hawaii; Indiana; Kentucky; Maine ; Michigan; Mississippi; Missouri; Nebraska ; New York; Ohio; Oregon; Utah; Virginia; Washington; Jiiashington, D. C. ; U.S.S.R^, Siberia. Amagu, Kudia River, Irkutsk, Okeanskya; Saratow. Other distribution. AUSTRALIA, New Guinea. Gamadodo, Milne Bay, Papua~TPenn 19i}-9b: 6l); New Guinea. Finschhafen, Saidor (Bick 1951: ^12); New Guinea. Wewak-Maprik Road Area (Standfast I967: 19^77 CAROLINE ISLANDS (Bohart 1956: 59, Belkin 1962: ^29); CANADA, Alberta; New Brunswick; Nova Scotia; Prince Edward isl-SM; Quebec; Saskatchewan; Y_ukon (Carpenter and La Casse 1955: 265); CEYLON, Perodcniya (Theobald loQ?: 411); Colombo_ (James 191^: 262); CHINA, Hainan Island (Chu I958: 109); ELLICE ISLANDS (Iyengar 1955= ^6)7 Nui Island. Funa- futi (Belkin 1962: ^29); Nui Island. Niuafoo (Bohart and Ingram 19^6: 16) ; FIJI (Theobald i903a: I60, Bohar-t I956: 59, Lee 19^4: 72, Edwards 1924: 372, Iyengar I955: 44); Tayeuni, Viti Levu, Vanua Levu, Makongai, Kandavu (Belkin 1962: 429); FRANCE, Alsace (Li and Ulu 1933: 105) ; FRIENDLY ISLANDS (Stone et al. 1959: 198); GILBERT ISLANDS, Tarawa (Belkin I962: 429); INDIA, Madras City (Senior-White 1923: 83); Calcutta (Li and Wu 1933: IO5); Poona City, Manjri, Baramati (Rao and Rajagopalan 1957: 10); Central Privinces, Pachmari ; Northwest Frontier, Kohat, Abbottabad; Assam, Golaghat, Khumtai, Nongpoh; UnJLte_d Provinces. Bhov/ali, Naini, Tal (Barraud 1928: ^€T) -, Nil^iri Hills, Kodaikanal (Barraud I928: 662); Palni Hills fBarraud 1934: 255); Coonoor (Patton 1922: 67); Karachi (Hicks and Chand 1936: 520); INDONESIA, Celebes. Ternate (Li and Wu 1933: 105); New Guinea. Hollandia, Kaimana, Manokwari, Mcrauke, Sorong, Tjof Island (Assem and Bonne-Wepster 1964: 101)' Borneo (Edwards 1922b: 467); Sumatra, Atchin. Blan.- Kedjeren, Kotta Tjane, Takengon; Benkoelen. Air Prioekan; Djambi, Moeara Tebo; Krakatau (Brug and Edwards 1931: 258); 1^2 Soemba, Pajeti (Brug 1925j 668); Surnba; Molacoas (Borme- Wepstor 195^-1 2^1-1); Bengaai, Madoera (Eru.g 192^1-a: 36); ITALY (Blanchard I905: 310); Taranto (Li and V/u 1933: 105); LOYALTY ISLANDS, Ouvea, Mare (Belkin I962: ^-29); MALAYSIA, Selangor, Ulu Gombak (McDonald and Traub I96O: 100); Sarawak Tiviouiton 1914: 4?); MRIANA ISLANDS (Bohart 1956: 59. Iyengar 1955: 45); Guam; Saipan, Magicienne Bay (Bohart and Ingram 1946: 4l); Guam, Agat Bay, Dededo Ordot, Hilaan Point, Inarajan, Merizo, Nimitz Beach, Umatac (Hull 1952: 1291); Guam (Reeves and Rudnick 1951: 64l, Yamaguti and La Casse I95O: 73); MARSMLL ISLANDS, Ebon Island, Ebon Atoll (Bohart I956: 59, Bohart and Ingram 19^61 227; MAURITIUS (Li and Wu 1933: IO5) ; NETHERLANDS (Blanchard 1905: 310); NEW CALEDONIA, Houailon (Li and Wu 1933: 105. Buxton and Hopkins 192?: 91, Edwards 1924: 372); Art, Belep; widely distributed on main island; lie des Pins (Belkin 1962: 429); NEW HEBRIDES (Iyengar 1955: ^1-3. Knight and Hull 1953: 462); Espiritu Santo (Perry 1946: I6) ; Aneityum, Ef ate , Emae, Futuna (Belkin 1962: 429); PALAU ISLANDS (Stone et al. 1959: 'I98); PHILIPPINES, Bulaca, Tunkong Manga; Mindanao, San Ramon; Palav/an, Bacungam, Iwahig Penal Colony, Balsahen and Tacburos Rivers: Samar, Osmena; Zambales, Olongapo, Subio Bay (Knight and Hull 1953: 462); Tunkulan (Edwards 1929: 5); ROTUMA ISLAND (Belkin I962: 429, I965: 23); SCANDINAVIA (Blanchard I905: 310); SOHOAN ISLANDS, Lalomanu, Laulii, Mulifanua, Upolu Island, Aleipata (Buxton and Hopkins 192?: 91); Savaii (Belkin 1962: 429, Bohart and Ingram 1946: I6) ; SOUTH AFRICA, Transvaal , Warmbaths District (Muspratt 1955: 172); SOUTHERN COOK ISLANDS, Rarotonga (?) (Belkin 1962: 429); SOUTH VIETNAM (Borel 1930: 275); Bien Hoa, Caj^i Ranh Bay, Nha Trang, Phan Rang Phu Cat, Pleiku, Tan Son Nhut, Tuy Hoa (Parrish 1968a: 2-5); TAIV/AN, Tainan, Hsinhua; Taipei, Tamshui ; (Lien 1962: 628); Takao (Edwards 1921a: 329); TANZANIA, Zanzibar, Pemba Island (Li and Wu 1933: 105); THAILAND, Trang TCausey 1937: 4l4); Ban-U-Tapao, Nakhon Phanor.i, Takhli, Udorn (Parrish 1968b: 2-4); Chieng Mai, Doi Pui Mt, (Scanlon and Esah 1955: 139); TIBET (Buxton and Hopkins I927: 91); TOKALAU ISLANDS (Belkin 1962: 429); TONGA ISLANDS (Knight and Hull 1953: 462); Nukualofa (Li and Wu 1933: I05, Edwards 1924: 372, Buxton and Hopkins 1927: 91); Niutao, Niuatobutabu (Bohart and Ingram 1946; 16); Niuafoou, Tangatabu (Belkin 1962: 429); U.A.R., Ep:vpt (Li and Wu 1933: IO5); U.S.A., Arizona; Arkansas ; Colorado; Connecticut; De lav/are; Georgia; Idaho; Illinois; Iowa; Kansas; Louisiana; Maryland ; Massachusetts; Minnesota; Montana ; New Hampshire ; New Mexico; North Carolina; North Dakota ; Oklahoma; Pennsylvania; Rhode Island; South Carolina; South Dakota; Tenriessee ; Texas ; Vermont ; West Virginia ; Wisconsin ; Wyoming; (Carpenter and La Casse 1955: 264); Hawaiian Islands, Kauai Island, Oahu Island (Joyce and Nakagav/a I963: 273); U.S.S.R., Azov, Rostovan-Don, Voronezh (Li and Wu 1933: 105); V/ALLIS ISLANDS, Uea (Belkin 1962: 429); VffiST INDIES (Li and Wu 1933: 105); WEST PAKISTAN, Lahore (Ansari 1959: 25); YUGOSLAVIA, Skoplje (Li and Wu 1933: 105). 1^3 TAXONOMIC DISCUSSION. Aedes vexans is similar in the « adult habitus and male genitalia to vexans nipponii and syntheticus. It has several smaller differences from vexans nipponii "but the most pronounced one is the scaling of the abdominal terga (see couplet 15 of the female key for this separation) , Femora II of vexans and vexans nipponii have a num.ber of white scales randomly intermixed with brovm ones on the anterior surface while in syntheticus the anter- ior of femur II is brown v/ith a median row of distinct white spots. The male genitalia of sr/ntheticus has 5 flattened blade-like bristles while those of vexans and vexans nip- ponii have 25-3S short bristles. The adult habitus of vexans has a semblance to caecus which is discussed under that spe- cies. Aedes (Ochlerotatus) vigilax (Skuse) is very similar to vexans in the adult habitus and is often confused v/ith it but can be separated from vexans by the presence of a small patch of broad white scales on the mesepisternum im- mediately belov/ the prealar knob and by the absence of scales on the subspiracular area. The raale genitalia of these 2 species are also very distinctly different. The features of the pupal and larval stages of vexans and vexans nipponii tend to overlap and therefore cannot be separated with certainty, Belkin (1962: ^27) gave full species status to the members of vexans occurring on the Pacific Islands and based this determination on the branching of the larval head hairs 5, 6-C and minor differences in the adult habitus. After 1^^ examining specimens of vexans from a number of areas in its range I found that the species is extremely variable in the size and habitus of the adults and the chaetotaxy of the immatures. Barr (195^' 2i^) also records the variability of the larval head hairs St 6--C of vexans. Specimens of vexans many times exhibit a noticeable variation within lo- cal populations as well as variances between geographical populations. The 2 female syntypes of nocturnus in the British Museum (Natural History) and other specimens from the Pacific Islands that I have examined seem to fall v/ithin the normal variation of cliaracters of adult habitus, female and male genitalia, and pupal and larval chaetotaxy of vexans from the remainder of its distribution, I am therefore synonymizing nocturnus with vexans since there is a lack of sufficient biological, behavioral and genetical data on the Pacific Island populations and since specimens from these populations fall within the variable range of morphological characters of other populations v/ithin the distribution of vexans. BIOLOGY, Immatures v/ere collected from: ground pools» swamp, ditch, foxhole, rice paddy, marshy depression and seepage spring in South Vietnam; abandoned pesthole, ground pool, ditch and a marsh in Thailand; temporary puddle, flood pool, grassy pool, fish pond, sunlit ground pool, small flooded area near road, ditch, rain pools in pasture, carabao wallow and an open muddy algae -filled pond in the Philippines; hoofprints in Fiji; ground pool in Taiwan; 145 ground pools in India; stagnant water in a roadside ditch in Burma; and in pool, artificial container, and in brackish water pool and pools in alang-alang in Indonesia. Adults were taken biting man and horses, in light traps, resting in houses and bamboo forests in Thailand; biting man and in light traps in the Philippines; and in houses in Indonesia, Immatures have been recorded from the following habi- tats: temporary rain puddles, grassy sv/amps and drainage ditches in the Philippines (Perry 19^6: l6, Knight and Hull 1953: 4-62); unshaded pools and ditches, in salt, brackish or fresh water (Assem and Bonne -V.'epster 1^6^■: 101), arti- ficial containers, hoofprints, pools, ponds and ditches in New Guinea (Steffan I966: 212); clear v/ater pools contain- ing grass in Guam (Yamaguti and La Casse 1950« 78); in ditches and ponds in Malaysia (Macdonald 1957* 21); in ground pools and artificial receptacles in Thailand (Causey 1937s 4l4) ; newly flooded rice fields and ground pools in Taiwan (Lien 1962: 628); and ground pools in China (Chow 1949s 129)1 Adults have been taken in indoor shelters in India (Rao and Rajagopalan 1957' 10); feeding on man (Standfast I967: 193), and cattle (Macdonald 1957: 21), and in an indoor evening catch in Malaysia (Macdonald 1956: 233); commonly taken while trying to bite humans at night and from a light trap in the Philippines (Xnight and Hull 1953: 462); females bite man, cows and buffaloes at night in Taiv/an (Lein 1962: 628), In Thailand vexans was found in scrub or open forests and in heavy forest and at eleva- tions from 1,000 to 4,500 feet (Scanlon and Esah I965: 139, 143), 1A6 AEDSS (AEDIMORPHUS) VEXANS NIPPONII (THEOBALD) Culicada nipponii Theobald I907, Monogr. Cul. ^: 337 (F*), Ochlerotatus vexans variety nipponii Thee, Edwards I917, Bull, ent. Res, 7i 219, Ochlerotatus vexans Mg., Brunetti I920 (in part). Rec, Indian Mus, 17: 135; Senior-White 192yTin part). Cat, Indian Insects, Cul., p, 83, Aedes (Ecculex) vexans variety nipponii Theobald, Edwards 1921, Bull, ent. Res, 12: 322, Aedes vexans var. nipponii Theobald, Ho 1931, Bull. Fan meml. Inst. Biol. 2: 131 (M"-,F). Aedes (Aedimorphus) vexans var, nipponii Theobald, Edv/ards 1932, Genera Insec, Fasc. 194: I71, Aedes (Aedimorphus) vexans (Meigen), Barraud 1934 (in part). Fauna Brit. India, Diptera 5: 253. Aedes (Aedimorphus) vexans Meigen, Feng 1938, Peking nat. Hist. Bull, 12: 291 ; Hsiao 19^5, Navmed. 630, p. Co. Aedes (Aedimorphus) vexans nipponii (Theobald), Bohart 19^6, U. S. Navmed. 9"5lTp. 10; Bohart and Ingram 19^6, U. S. Navmed, IO55, p, 69 (M-"-,L*); Hsiao and Bohart 1946, U. S, Navmed. IO95, p, 22; La Casse and Yamaguti 19^7f Mosquitoes Japan, 2: 39(L*); La Casse and Yamaguti 19^8, Mosquito Fauna Japan and Korea, p. 100 (M-=*,F*,P*,L*) ; La Casse and Yamaguti I95O, Mosquito Fauna Japan and Korea, p. 125 (M^sF^fP*. L*); Yoshimeki 1955f Ecol. Rev,, Jap, 14: 81 (L*); Hara 1957. Jap, J, exp, Med. 27: ^^ (F*)j Stone et al. 1959, Thomas Say Found. 6: 199, FEMALE (Fig, 13). Head. Antenna dark brown, approxi- mately 0,88 length of proboscis, pedicel pale with a number of small white scales and a few short fine brown hairs mesally, flagellomere 1 pale with a few dusky scales; cly- peus dark, bare; maxillary palpus brown scaled with v/hite scales at base of segment 4 and at base and apex of segment 5, usually several white scales scattered over segments 3-5, 1^7 approximately 0,20 length of proboscis; proboscis brown scaled with a broad longitudinal ventral stripe from near base to apical 0,25i stripe extends up lateral surfaces and onto dorsolateral areas, in some specimens the stripe forms a nearly complete band, apical 0,25 always dark brovm, ap- proximately 1.26 length of femur I; vertex with dorsum covered with narrow decumbent scales arranged in a small anteromedian diamond-shaped golden-brown group and the re- mainder white, narrower white scales on posterior m.argin of occiput; lateral surface covered with broad scales, an anterodorsal black patch with white ones belov;; num.erous long golden-brovm erect forked scales on occiput and vertex extending anteriorly to ocular line. Thorax. Scutal in- tegument dark brown; scutum covered with narrow curved reddish-brown scales (specimens from Japan have scales golden-brown), narrow curved white scales forming patches on anterior promontory area, scutal fossal area extending from anterior area along margin and onto lateral area, supra- alar area from above middle of paratergite to posterior of wing base, posterior median scutal area, along lateral mar- gins of prescutellar space and among posterior dorsocentral setae; scales nearly cover prescutellar space in some speci- mens; scutellum with a patch of narrow curved white scales on each lobe; median anterior promontory, acrostichal, dorsocentral (anterior and posterior), scutal fossal (an- terior, ^-5 lateral, I-3 median and 1-6 posterior), supra- alar, several posterior medial scutal, 1 postalar callular and scutellar (lateral and median) bristles reddish-brown 1^8 and well developed; pleural integument brown; antepronotum covered with narrow curved white scales, several golden and brown bristles; postpronotum covered with narrow curved reddish-brown scales, a small poster oventral patch of nar- row curved and usually a few broad v/hite scales, 8-9 posterior dark bristles; propleuron with a patch of broad white scales, several golden bristles; postspiracular area with a patch of moderately broad white scales, 7-11 golden bristles; subspiracular area v/ith 2 patches of broad white scales, lower one large and frequently connected with post- spiracular patch; mesepisternujTi with a large upper and a posterior patch of broad v;hite scales, patches usually con- nected or nearly so, several upper and posterior golden bristles, lower ones shorter; prealar knob with a few broad white scales on lateroventral margin, several golden bris- tles; paratergite covered with white scales, scales vary in shape, some" specimens with "broad ones, some with narrov/ curved ones and some with both; mesepimeron with a large patch of broad v/hite scales and several golden bristles on upper area; other pleural areas bare. Legs. Coxae I-III each with several brown to golden bristles, I-II each with anterior v/hite scaled, I with a patch of brovm scales at middle. III with an anterodorsal and an anteroventral patch of white scales; trochanters I-III each with a patch of broad white scales; femora I-III each with anterior brown and with a dorsoapical v/hite spot, I-III each with a narrow basal white band and numerous scattered white scales, I 1^9 with 30-60 percent of scales white, III v/ith a broad longi- ^ tudinal white stripe tapering froF- "base to apical 0«,25, remainder with scattered white scales; femora I-III each v/ith posterior white, I v/ith scattered brov/n scales on postero- ventral area, II~III each with scattered brown scales on apical 0s25j tibiae I-III each v/ith a few scattered white scales and a narrov/ basal v/hite band, I with ventral and posterior areas white, II with dorsal and posterior areas white, a small brown area on dorsal surface at base and at apex, III with a posterior longitudinal pale stripe; tarsi I-III brown, I with tarsomeres 2-3 each with a narrow basal white band, tarsomere 1 and basal 0,50 of tarsomere 2 v/ith a posterior longitudinal pale stripe, II v;ith tarsoraeres 1-^4- each with a narrov/ basal v/hite band, tarsomeres 1-2 each v/ith a posterior longitudinal pale stripe, tarsomere 5 v/ith a fev/ laterobasal white scales, III with tarsomeres 1-5 each v/ith a narrov/ basal v/hite band, tarsomere 1 and basal 0,50 of tarsomere 2 with a posterior longitudinal pale stripe; posttarsi I-III each v/ith 2 ungues, I-II equal, each bearing a tooth, III equal, simple, occasion- ally each with a tootho Wing . Dorsal veins covered with moderately broad brown scales; costa with a patch of white scales at base and along basal 0^50 of posterior margin; subcosta, radius, cubitus and occasionally anal veins with a fev/ v/hite scales intermixed on basal 0,50; ventral veins brown v/ith some v/hite scales on posterior margin of costa and on subcosta at humeral cross vein; alula with narrow 150 brov/n scales along fringe; 2-3 remigial bristles. Halter. Pedicel pale, capitellum white scaled. Abdomen. Terga brown with so.-newhat variable white markings; tergum I with dorsum white with a few intermixed lateral brown scales, laterotergite with a rectangular patch of white scales; tergum II with a large basomedian triangular white patch; terga III-VI each with a dorsobasal white band, bands very broad laterally and becoming narrower mesally, III-V each with an incomplete median apical longitudinal white stripe which may or may not connect with basal bands; terga VI- VII varies from each v/ith a large dorsoapical triangular white spot and VII with a pair of small basolateral tri- angular white patches on dursum to VI-VII each v/hite with a dorsal brown V-marking pointing anteriorly; terga II-VII each with a large laterobasal white patch v/hich may nearly cover lateral surfaces but is not connected v/ith dorsobasal bands; sterna white scaled with brown scales forming a nar- row indistinct longitudinal stripe on III-VII; terga and sterna with numerous golden bristles, mostly along posterior margins. Genitalia. Segment VIII distinctly bilobed ventro- apically, mostly retracted into segment VII; tergum IX bilobed with 5-8 bristles on each lobe; cercus long, com- pletely extended and visible dorsally; postgenital plate with a deep median apical indentation with 5-8 bristles on each lobe; insula tongue-like, membranous, covered with tiny spicules; 3 spermathecae, 1 large and 2 slightly smaller one s • 151 MALE (Fig, 13) • Similar to female in general habitus. Head. Twaxillary palpus brovm with segments 2, k-S each with a dorsobasal v/hite spot, segment 3 v/ith a basal v/hite band, longer than proboscis by length of apical segment; vertex with anteromedian narrow golden-brovm scale patch and anterodorsal broad black scale patch reduced. Legs. Tarsi I-III with posterior longitudinal stripes reducedj posttarsi I-III each with 2 ungues, I-II with ungues un- equal, each bearing a tooth. III equal, simple. Abdomen. Terga II-VI with basal v/hite bands which are expanded pos- teriorly on lateral surfaces, VII with large lateral tri- angular patches nearly connected medially, III-V with median apical longitudinal white stripes reduced to a few pale scales in some specimens; tergum VIII white; sternu-ra VIII white with a median longitudinal brown band. Genitalia. Identical to that of Aedes vexans. PUPA. Chaetotaxy as recorded in Table 10, Tv/o to three rows of spicules mesally along posteroventral margin of abdomen II. Cephalothorax. Hair 5-G v/ith 2-4 branches; 7-C with 2-^■ branches; 8-C v/ith 2,-6 branches. Respiratory trumpet. Moderately pigmented; v/ith scattered minute spic- ules on distal O.75 of inner surface; index 2.89-3,82, average 3,26, Metanotum. Hair 10-C with 4-10 branches; 12-C single to triple. Abdomen, Hair 5-1 with 2-5 branches; lO-I single; l-II with 4-10 branches; 4-II .with 2-4 branches; l-III with 3-6 branches; 6-VI single or double; 1-VII single to triple; 6-VII with 3-4 branches; 9-VII with 2-4 branches; 152 11-VII single. Paddle, Ovoid; v/ith very minute serrations along basal 0.55 of outer margin; tiny spicules along api- cal 0.'^5 of outer and apical O.30 of inner margins; midrib does not reach apex; hair 1-P short, single or double; index 1.^2-1.82, average 1.59. LARVA. Chaetotaxy as follows: Head. Median mouth brushes pectinate apically; hairs 1, 3» 8-C single; 4-C with Z-k{i^) branches; 5-0 single to ^(3) branched; 6, 1^-C single or double (1); 7-C with 7-12(9) branches; 9, 10-C single or double (2); 11-C with ^-10(7) branches; 12-C with ^-7(5) branches; 13-C single to triple (2); I5-C with ^--6 (^) branches; basal maxillary hair single; mental plate with 25-27(26) teeth. Antenna. Short and moderately to heavily pigm.ented; v/ith small stout spicules scattered over shaft, most numerous on basal O.5O; hair 1-A with 5-10(6) branches, inserted 0.38-0.^5 from base; 2-A long; 3-A approximately O.50 length of 2-A. Thorax. Hair 0-P with 3-6(5) branches; 1, 2, H-, 5, 6, 9, 10, 12-P single; 3-P double or triple (2); 7-P double or triple (3); 8-P with 2-^(3) branches; 11-P single to triple (2); 1^-P single or double (1); 1, 2, 4-M with 2-^(3) branches; 3f H-M single or double (1); 5, ?, 10, 12-M single; 6-a' with 5-6(5) branches; 8-M with 5-7(6) branches; 9-M with 6-7(6) bran- ches; 13-M with 5-9(7) branches; I'l-M with >^-6i 5) branches; 1-T single to triple (2); 2-T double or triple (3); 3-T with 2-7(6) branches; ^-T with 2-5(^) branches; 5, 6, 10, 12-T single; 7-T with 6-11(7) branches; 8, 9-T with 4-6(5) 153 branches; 11-T single or double (1); 13-T with 5-8(5) branches. Abdomen, Hairs 1, 2-VIII on coiTimon basal plate; hairs 0, 14-VIII single; 1-VIII with ^4-12(8) branches; 2, ^-VIII double or triple (2); 3-VIII with 5-12(8) branches; 5-VIII with 6-9(9) branches; comb of 9-11(9) scales arranged in 1-2 irregular rov^s, scales with a long stout pointed median spine and short denticles along lateral margins of base; 1-X single or double (1); 2-X with 6-9(8) branches; 3-X single; ventral brush varies from 11 hairs on grid and 3 precratal ones to 13 hairs on grid and 3 precratal ones, usually with 11 hairs on grid and 3 precratal ones; saddle moderately pigmented with minute ridges, incompletely rings segment, with small spicules along posterior margin, acus present; ^ anal gills long and tapering to a blunt point. Siphon, Moderately pigmented with minute ridges over en- tire surface; acus large; index 2.^2-3,86; pecten with 9-11(9) teeth; apical 2-3 teeth longer, smooth or with a minute lateral denticle and wider spaced than remainder v/hich have a slender attenuate filament with 1-3 basal denticles; hair 1-S with 5-7(5) branches, inserted 0.57- 0,64 from base. TYPE DATA, Culicada nipponii Theobald, holotype female, Karnizana, JAPAN, 25 August 1903i Mr. Cornford, in British Museum (Natural History). DISTRIBUTION, Specimens examined--23 males, 62 fe- males, 30 pupae, 39 larvae and 30 individual rearings (5 pupal, 25 larval) from the follov/ing locations: CHINA, 15^ Kiangsu, Peking, Shanghai, Yenching; r'ancharia, Mukden, Tetsusci; JAPAN, Karnizana; Saitama, Honshu, Sagiyama; KOREA, Taegu; RYUKYU ISLANDS, Ishjgaki Is., Inota III; Okinawa, Dyama, Ganiko, Kuba, Kyiazato, Naha, Oyama; Miyako Is. ; U.S.S.R., Siberia. Other distribution. CHINA, Honan, Kai Feng, Chi Kung Shan, Hsin Yang (Su and Ch'ii 1956: 219); Hopei (Ma and Feng 195^: 172); Yunnan, Chefang (Chow 1949: 129) ; Chekiang, Hangchow, Hwangyen, Iwui Pingyang, Tienmushan; Kiangsu, Shanghai, Nanking; Kwangtung, Canton, Sv/atow; Liaoning, Hailung; Tibet, Chumbi Valley; Yunnan, Gadzu Beta (Feng 1938: 29I) ; JAPAN, Hokkaido, Sapporo; Honshu, Yodo ; Sendai (La Casse and Yar.iaguti 1950s 129); Asahikawa, Kagoshima (Hara 1957: 66); Hokkaido, Sendai, Tokyo (Hsiao and Bohart 19^6: 22); Nagasak (Omori et al. 1952: 281); Fukui, Tadasu-Mura (Omori 1951: 310); Okayama, Tokoku (Sasa 19^9: 99); Tochigi, Shiobara, Tomatsuri, Utsunomiya (Kurashige 196^: 75, 8^, 94); Funaoka (Kato and Toriumi 1950: 468). TAXONOMIC DISCUSSION. Aedes vexans nipponii is similar in the adult habitus and female and male genitalia to vexans and is discussed under that species. BIOLOGY. Larvae were collected on Okinawa from ground pools, rice paddy, stream, swamp, ditch and a small pond. Immatures have been collected from natural water pools and swamps in China (Feng 1938: 29I), from Japanese decorative garden pools, rice paddy ditches, stone urn, bamboo stump, small cup and seepage pool from broken pipe in Japan (La Casse and Yamaguti 19^7: ^0) and from tempor- ary, partially shaded, fresh water ground pools containing leaves in Okinav/a (Bohart and Ingram 19^6: 69). In Japan larvae of vexans nipponii were collected from paddy fields in assocation with C ulex pipiens, Culex tritaeniorhynchus. Culex orientalis, Culex hayashii, Culex bitaeniorh.ynchus and Aedes dorsal is (Kato 1956: 157). The feeding period 155 in Japan of this species extended from I6OO to O7OO hours v/ith a peak feeding time from I73O to 2200 hours (Kato and Toriujni 1950: ^68). Sasa (19^9: 101), v/hile working in Japan, collected adults very early in the spring and be- lieves that it hibernates as adults during the winter. Adults were taken both during the day and night biting man in Japan (La Casse and Yaraaguti 19^1-3: 10^4-, I95O: I29), AEDES (AEDIkORPHUS) V/AINWRIGHTI BAISAS Aedes (Aedimorohus) 'wainwrighti Eaisas 19^6, Mon, Bull. Bur. Hlth. PhilipD., n^anila 22: 3^1- (p). Knight and Hull 1953» Pacif. Sci. ?: ^6^■ (F) ; Stone et al . 1959, Thomas Say Found, 6: I99. FEr-IALE, Head. Antenna dark brovm, pedicel dark with a small patch of broad silvery scales mesally; clypeus dark brown, bare; maxillary palpus dark brovm scaled, approxi- mately 0.17 length of proboscis; proboscis dark brown scaled, slightly shorter than femur I ; vertex and lateral surface covered with broad decumbent scales, dorsum with an anteromedian triangular patch of silvery scales that broadens anteriorly and extends as a fine line along eye margin, a dark scaled spot laterad of median spot, remainder of ver- tex and lateral surface pale brovmish (almost v/hitish under different lighting) ; narrow dark scales and a few erect scales on occiput. Thorax. Scutal integument brownish; scutum covered with narrow dark brown scales with a broad median silvery line on anterior Oo50; scutellum with broad silvery scales on median lobe; a pair of dorsocentral 156 bristles toward anterior border (those may actually be median anterior promontory bristles) and a stronger pair above level of wing bases, 2 pairs of prescutellars (posterior dorso- central bristles), rather few supra-ala.rs and scutellar (lateral and median) bristles; pleural integument darker brown than scutum; antepronotum with a small patch of sil- very flat scales, about ? stiff, tawny bristles; postpronotum with 3 tavmy bristles, but without scales; propleuron with a round patch of silvery scales, ^-5 tavmy bristles; post- spiracular area v/ith 6 tavmy bristles; subspiracular area with a narrow elongate patch of silvery scales astride suture between this area and mesepisternum; mesepisternum with a fairly large round upper patch and a lower one of silvery scales, 1 upper and J-k lo'.vor (posterior) tawny bristles; prealar knob with ^-5 tawny bristles; paratergite covered with a dense patch of broad silvery scales; mese- pimeron with a patch of silvery scales and several weak bristles on upper a.rea. Leg;so Coxae I -III each with an elongate patch of silvery scales; femora I~III each dark brovm with ventral surface and base pale, II with an apical silvery spot. III with basal 0,50 of anterior and posterior surfaces pale and a large apical silvery spot; tibiae I-III each dark brown; tarsi I-III each dark brovm with a v/hite basal band on tarsomere 1, band indistinct on I, marked on II and apparently still wider on III as indicated by the remaining portion of the tarsomere, \Ving. Dark scaled. Abdomen. Terga dark scaled; tergum I with laterotergite silvery scaled; terga II-VII each v/ith a laterobasal patch 157 of silvery scales (patches broadened, basally), patches visible dorsally on V-VII j sterna III-VII pale with pos- terior portions dark scaled. Genitalia. Segment VIII com- pletely retracted into segment VII, MALE, PUPA AND LARVA. Not known. TYPE DATA. Aedes (Aedimorphus) v/ainwrighti Baisas, holotype female, Llavac, Infanta, Tayabas, Luzon, PHILIP- PINES, 29 May 19^0, Mr. Pablo Sunico, collected in a mosquito trap; holoti'Tje nonexistent (Stone 1970: 15l)» DISTRIBUTION, Known only from type locality. TAXONOMIC DISCUSSION. The above description has been rev/ritten from the original one by Baisas (19^6), Aedes wainv/righti possesses a number of features that differ from most other species of Aedimorphus in the Oriental Region, The most marked differences are: pedicel with a patch of broad silvery scales mesally; erect scales of head restricted to occiput; reduction in number or absence (see description above) of anterior dorsocentral bristles on scutum; and vertex of head with dorsum covered v/ith broad decumbent scales (punctifemoris is the only other Oriental species with this character) which are more reminiscent of Stegom.yia than Aedimorphus, Even with these differences there are a number of characters shared by other Oriental Aedimorphus and since the type has been lost, the male has never been found and 158 no new material has been collected, I am for the present retaining v/ainv/righti in this subgenus. BIOLOGY. The holotype was collected in a mosquito trap. APPENDIX 1 (FIGURES 1 TO 36) Figure 1. Aedes allposcutellatus adult male and female habitus. A. Male head (lateral), B. Female head and thorax (lateral), C. Female legs (anterior), D. Female wing (dorsal), E. Female head and thorax (dorsal), F. Female abdomen (dorsal), G, Female abdomen (lateral), H. Male abdomen (dorsal). 161 Figure 2, Aedes caecus adult male and female habitus. A. Male head (lateral), B, Female head and thorax (lateral), C, Female legs (anterior), D, Female wing (dorsal), E. Female head and thorax (dorsal), F, Female abdomen (dorsal), G, Female abdomen (lateral). Ho Male abdomen (dorsal). 163 )\\ I ! 1 1 / l\X^vii/\\^ H Figure 3» Aedes culicinus adult male and female habitus. A, Male head (lateral), B. Female head and thorax (lateral), C. Female legs (anterior), D. Female v/ing (dorsal), E, Female head and thorax (dorsal), F, Female abdomen (dorsal), G, Female abdomen (lateral). 165 Figure ^. Aedes lov/isii adult female habitus, A. Female head and thorax (lateral), B. Female legs (anterior), C, Female v/ing (dorsal), D, Female head and thorax (dorsal), E, Female abdomen (dorsal), F, Female abdomen (lateral). 167 Figure 5» Aedes mediolineatus adult male and female habitust A, Male head (lateral), B, Female head and thorax (lateral), C. Female legs (anterior), D, Female wing (dorsal), E. Female head and thorajc (dorsal), Fo Female abdomen (dorsal), G, Female abdomen (lateral), H, Male abdomen ( dorsal ) • 169 3, Sf^i^ftihi Figure 6, Aedes orbitae adult male and female habitus. A, Male head (lateral), B, Female head and thorax (lateral), G, Female legs (anterior), D, Female wing (dorsal), E. Female head and thorax (dorsal), F, Female abdomen (dorsal), G. Female abdomen (lateral), H. Male abdomen (dorsal). 171 Figure 7o Aedes pall idostriatus adult male and female habitus, A. Male head (lateral), B, Female head and thorax (lateral), C, Female legs (anterior), D, Female v/ing (dorsal), E, Female head and thorax (dorsal), F, Female abdomen (dorsal), G. Female abdomen (lateral). 173 G Figure 8, Aedes pampangensis adult male and female habitus. A. Male head (lateral), B, Female head and thorax ( lateral )f C# Female legs (anterior), D, Female wing (dorsal), E, Female head and thorax (dorsal), F, Female abdomen (dorsal), G, Female abdomen (lateral). 175 F /\, '^?^lUi.iM^'zjK. Figure 9« Aedes pipersalatus adult male and female habitus. A, Male head (lateral), B, Female head and thorax (lateral), C Female legs (anterior), D. Female wing (dorsal), E, Female head and thorax (dorsal), F, Female abdomen (dorsal), G, Female abdomen (lateral).' 177 Figure 10, Aedes punctifemoris adult male and female habitus. A, Male head (lateral), B, Female head and thorax (lateral), C, Female legs (anterior), D. Female v/ing (dorsal), E, Female head and thorax (dorsal), F, Female abdomen (dorsal), G, Female abdomen (lateral). 179 Figure 11. Aedes taeniorhynchoides adult male and female habitus. A, Male head (lateral), B, Female head and thorax (lateral), C, Female legs (anterior), D. Female wing (dorsal), E, Female head and thorax (dorsal), F, Female abdomen (dorsal), G. Female abdomen (lateral). 181 ***», K Figure 12, Aedes vexans adult male and female habitus. A, Male head (lateral), B. Female head and thorax (lateral), C, Female legs (anterior), D, Female wing (dorsal), E, Female head and thorax (dorsal), F, Female abdomen (dorsal), G, Female abdomen (lateral), H. Male abdomen (dorsal). 183 yt i/ifn. ^' Figure 13 , Aedes vexans nipponii adult male and female habitus. A. Male head (lateral), B. Female head and thorax (lateral), C. Female legs (anterior), D, Female wing (dorsal), E. Female head and thorax (dorsal), F. Female abdomen (dorsal), G, Female abdomen (lateral), H. Male abdomen (dorsal). 185 Figure l4o Aedes alboscutellatus male genitalia, A, Male genitalia (tergal), B, Gono- stylus, C. Tergum IX, D, Sternam IX, E, Basal mesal lobes, F. Phallosome. 18? Figure IS* Aedes caecus male genitalia. A. Male genitalia (tergal), B, Gonostylus, C. Tergum IX, D. Sternum IX, E, Basal raesal lobes, F. Phallosome. 189 0.05- Figure l6, Aedes mediolineatus male genitalia. A, Male genitalia (tergal), B, Gono- stylus, C, Tergum IX, D. Sternum IX, E. Basal mesal lobes, F, Phallosome. 191 7n. Tni-AiiA- Figure 17. Aedes pallidostriatus male genitalia, A. Male genitalia (tergal), B, Gono- stylus, C, Tergum IX, D. Sternum IX, E, Basal mesal lobes, F, Phallosome. 193 I ai 1 ■p f. I Q05 ' Figure 18, Aedes pampangensis male genitalia, A, Male genitalia (tergal), B, Gono- stylus, C, Tergum IX, D, Sternum IX, E, Basal mesal lobes, F, Phallosome, 195 FaJisdtAra. -0.1 Figure 19. Aedes punctifemoris male genitalia. A. Male genitalia (tergal), B. Gono- stylus, C. Tergum IX, D, Sternum IX, E. Basal mesal lobes, F, Phallosome. 197 Figure 20, Aedes vexans male genitalia. A, Male genitalia (tergal), B. Gonostylus, C, Tergum IX, D, Sternum IX, E, Basal mesal lobes, F, Phallosome, 199 I.Yoshigaki Figure 21, Aedes alboscutellatus pupa, A, Cephalothorax, B, Metanotum, abdomen and paddle, C, Respiratory trumpet, D, Paddle, 201 10 0-5 S. OLtoMJ-a^ 0-5 Figure 22, Aedes caecus pupa, A. Cephalothorax, B, Metanotum, abdomen and paddle, C, Respiratory trumpet, D, Paddle, 203 0-5 10 10 ^. 0/vtA,WA. Figure 23t Aedes culicinus pupa. At Cephalothorax, B. Metanotum, abdomen and paddle, C. Respiratory trumpet, D, Paddle. 205 1.0 ■0.5 0.5 Sonobe ..J Figure Zk, Aedes mediolineatus pupa. A. Cephalo thorax, B, Metanotum, abdomen and paddle, C, Respiratory trumpet, D, Paddle.-. 207 t\fl«llMfM. L. Figure 25, Aedes orbitae pupa. A, Cephalothorax, B, Metanotum, abdomen and paddle, C, Respiratory trumpet, D, Paddle. 209 •S.UJnY Figure 26. Aedes pampangensis pupa. A. Cephalothorax, B. Metanotum, abdomen and paddle, C, Respiratory trumpet, D, Paddle, 211 1.0 H 0.5 0.5 Sonobe. Figure 2?, Aedes vexans pupa. A, Cephalothorax, B, Metanotum, abdomen and paddle, C, Respiratory trumpet, D, Paddle, 213 1.0 sonobe Figure 28, Aedes alboscutellatus larva. A, Head, B. Antenna (apex), C, Mental plate, D, Thorax, E. Abdomen, F, Distal abdominal segments and siphon, G. Comb scale, H. Pecten tooth. 215 5". Ok^QA. Figure 29, Aedes caecus larva. A, Head, B. Antenna (apex), C, Mental plate, D. Thorax, E, Abdomen, F, Distal abdominal segments and siphon, G, Comb scale, H, Pecten tooth. 217 5 . O-A-tCL^ctro, Figure 30, Aedes culicinus larva. A, Head, B, Antenna (apex), C, Mental plate, D, Thorax, E, Abdomen, F. Distal abdominal segments and siphon, G, Comb scale, H. Pecten tooth. 219 sonobe J Figure 31. Aedes mediolineatus larva. A. Head, B, Antenna (apex), C. Mental plate, D, Thorax, E, Abdomen, F, Distal abdominal segments and siphon, G. Comb scale, H, Pecten tooth. 221 ^.rt..a.u.«^ Figure 32, Aedes orbitae larva. A. Head, B, Antenna (apex), C. Mental plate, D, Thorax, E, Abdomen, F, Distal abdominal segments and siphon, G, Comb scales, H. Pecten tooth. 223 l^/UvtsuflX J Figure 33. Aedes pallidostriatus larva. A. Head, B, Antenna (apex), C, Mental plate, D, Thorax, E, Abdomen, F, Distal abdominal segments and siphon, G. Comb scale, H, Pecten tooth. 225 Figure 3k, Aedes pampangensis larva. A. Head, B, Antenna (apex), C, Mental plate, D, Thorax, E, Abdomen, F, Distal abdominal segments and siphon, G, Comb scale, H, Pecten tooth. 227 Figure 35 • Aedes pipersalatus larva, A. Head, B, Antenna (apex), C, Mental plate, D, Thorax, E, Abdomen, F. Distal abdominal segments and siphon, G, Comb scale, H. Pecten tooth. 229 Figure 36» Aedes vexans larva. A. Head, B, Antenna (apex), C. Mental plate, D, Thorax, E, Atdomen, F, Distal abdominal segments and siphon, G, Com"b scale, H, Pecten tootht 231 0.05 7*1 . TTu^. oJti APPENDIX 2 (TABLES 1 TO I5) TABLE 1. Record of the branching of the setae on the pupae of Aedes (Aedimorphus) albo scute Hat us Hair Range Mode Mean Hair Range Mode Mean Cephalothorax 1 z-k 3 2,6 2 2-k 3 3.1 3 2-4 3 2.8 4 3-5 4 4.1 5 4-6 5 5 6 2-3 2 2.3 7 3-4 4 3.8 8 5-9 6 6.3 9 1-3 3 2.3 Metanotum 10 3-5 3 3.5 11 1 1 1 12 4-7 5 5.^ Abd omen I 1 17-22 18 18.6 2 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 k 2-5 2 2.7 5 6-11 8 7.7 Abdomen I (Cont, ) 6 2-3 2 2.3 7 2-3 2 2.4 9 1 1 1 Abdomen II 0 1 1 1 1 3-7 4 4.7 2 1 1 1 3 1-2 2 1.6 4 2-5 3 3.5 5 3-6 5 416 6 1-3 3 2.6 7 2-3 2 2.1 9 1 1 1 Abdomen III 0 1 1 1 1 6-10 7 7.7 2 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 4 2-4 2 2.7 233 TABLE 1, Continued, 234 Hair Ranee Mode Wean Hair Ran^e Mode Mean Abd omen III (Cont. ) Abdomen i V 5 3-8 4 5.1 0 1 1 1 6 2-4 3 3.1 1 2-5 / 4 3.7 7 2-4 2 2.6 2 1 1 1 8 2-4 4 3.7 3 2-5 3 3.1 9 1 1 1 4 4-9 5 6.1 10 2-4 3 2.8 5 2 2 2 11 1 1 1 6 1-3 2 2.1 14 1 1 1 7 5-9 6 6.3 Abdomen IV 8 2-3 3 2.6 0 1 1 1 9 1 1 1 1 3-6 5 4.4 10 2-3 2 2,1 2 1 1 1 11 1 1 1 3 3-6 5 4.6 14 1 1 1 4 2-4 2 2.7 Abdomen VI 5 2 2 2 0 1 1 1 6 1-3 3 2.2 1 2-4 4 3.4 7 2-3 2 2.3 2 1 1 1 8 2-4 2 2.6 3 2-4 3 2.9 9 1 1 1 4 3-9 5 4.8 10 2-4 3 2.7 5 2-3 2 2.2 11 1 1 1 6 2-4 3 2.8 14 1 1 1 7 2 2 2 TABLE 1. Continued. 235 Hair Rang-e Mode Mean Hair Ran^e Mode Mean Abdomen VI (Cont .) Abd omen VII (Cont.) 8 2-4 3 2.9 7 1-3 2 2.1 9 1 1 1 8 3-4 3 3.2 10 1 1 1 9 2-5 3 3.1 11 1 1 1 10 2-3 2 2.4 14 1 1 1 11 2-3 2 2.1 Abdomen VII 14 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 Abdomen VIII 1 4-6 4 4.4 0 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 4 2-4 3 3 3 2-6 4 3.7 9 4-7 6 6.2 4 3-5 3 3.7 14 1 1 1 5 3-6 4 3.9 Paddle 6 4-10 5 6.4 1 2-3 2 2,2 TABLE 2. Record of the branching of the setae on the pupae of Aedes (AedimorphusJ caecus Hair Ran^e Mode Mean Hair Ran^e Mode Mean Cephalothorax Abdomen I (Cont.) 1 3 3 3 6 1 1 2 2-^ 3 2.8 7 2-5 3 2.8 3 2-4 3 2.8 9 1 1 ^ 3-6 4 4.1 Abdomen II 5 2-5 4 3.6 0 1 1 6 1-3 1 1.5 1 20-32 21 25.2 7 2-4 3 3.1 2 1 1 8 5-7 5 5.6 3 1 1 9 3-4 3 3.1 4 2-5 4 ^.3 Metanotum 5 3-5 4 4.1 10 7-11 9 9 6 1-2 1 1.1 11 1 1 1 7 1-3 2 2.1 12 5-8 5 5.9 9 1 1 Ahd omen I Abdomen III 1 18-30 21 24.1 0 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 5-8 7 7.1 3 1 1 1 2 1 1 4 2-5 3 3.6 3 1 1 5 6-10 7 7.3 4 2-3 3 2.6 236 TABLE 2, Continued. 237 Hair Range Mode Mean Hair Range Mode Mean Abdomen III (Cont.) 4a 1 11 5 4-6 5 4.7 6 2-4 3 3 7 2-5 2 '2.7 8 2-4 2 2.5 9 1 11 10 2-4 3 3 11 1 1 1 14 1 1 1 Abdomen IV 0 1 1 1 1 4-6 6 5.2 2 111 3 4-7 5 5.1 4 1-2 2 1.9 4a 1 11 5 2-3 2 2.2 6 2-4 3 2.9 7 2-3 2 2.2 8 2-3 2 2.3 9 111 10 2-4 3 2.7 Abdomen IV (Cent.) 11 1 1 1 14 1 11 Abdomen V 0 111 1 3-6 4 4.1 2 111 3 2-3 3 2.7 ^ 3-7 5 5.1 4a 1 11 5 2 2 2 6 2-3 2 2.2 7 5-8 5 5.9 8 2-3 2 2.1 9 111 10 1 1 1 11 1 11 14 1 1 1 Abdomen VI 0 111 1 2-5 4 3.8 2 111 3 2-3 3 2.6 TABLE 2, Continued. 238 Hair Ran^e Mode Mean Hair Rana;e Mode Mean Abdomen VI (Cont .) Abd omen VII (Cont, > ^ 3-6 l\' ^.3 5 2-4 2 2.6 5 1-3 2 2.1 6 3-7 4 4.7 6 1-2 1 1.2 7 1-2 1 1.2 7 1-2 1 1.1 8 2-4 2 2.8 8 1-3 2 2.1 9 3-7 5 5.1 9 1 1 1 10 1-3 2 1.9 10 1 1 1 11 1 1 1 11 1 1 1 14 1 1 1 li^ 1 1 1 Abdomen VIII Abdomen VII 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 if 2-4 3 3.1 1 2-5 3 3.3 9 7-11 9 8.6 2 1 1 1 lif 1 1 1 3 3-7 5 ^.7 Paddle 4 2-^■ 3 3.2 1 1 1 1 TABLE 3, Record of the branching of the setae on the pupae of Aedes (Aedimorphus) culicinus Hair Range Mode Mean Hair Ranse Mode Mean Cephalothorax Abdomen I (Cont .) 1 3-if 3 3.^ 6 1-3 2 2.1 2 2-/f 3 3.1 7 2-if 3 2.7 3 3-^ 3 3.3 9 1 1 1 if 3-^ 3 3.^ Abdomen II 5 i^-S 4 i+.9 0 1 1 1 6 2 2 2 1 lif-20 lif 15.9 7 3-5 4 ^.3 2 1 1 1 8 5-9 7 6. if 3 1 1 1 9 2-3 3 2.6 if if-8 5 5.3 Ketanotum 5 if-7 5 5.6 10 6-9 7 7.1 6 1-2 2 1.6 11 1 1 1 7 2-if 3 2.6 12 ^-7 4 5.3 9 1 1 1 Abdomen I lif 1 1 1 1 16-24 21 20 Abdomen I III 2 1-2 1 1.2 0 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 7-13 8 8.9 if 2-6 if 3.9 2 1 1 1 5 7-12 11 9.3 3 1 1 1 239 TABLE 3. Continued. 2^0 Hair Ranee Mode Mean Hair Range Mode Mean Abdomen III (Cont .) Abdomen V k 3-5 4 3.8 0 1 1 1 5 4-8 5 5.1 1 4-9 / 5 5.4 6 2-3 3 2.6 2 1 1 1 7 3-5 3 3.5 3 2-4 3 2.9 8 3-5 4 4.1 4 4-7 6 5.8 9 1 1 1 5 2-3 2 2.1 10 1-4 2 2.3 6 1-3 2 2.1 11 1 1 1 7 4-8 6 6.2 Abdomen IV 8 2-4 3 3.1 0 1 1 1 9 1 1 1 1 4-9 5 5.8 10 1-2 1 1.4 2 1 1 1 11 1 1 1 3 4-7 6 5.5 14 1 1 1 ^ 2-3 2 2.4 Abdome n VI 5 2 2 2 0 1 1 1 6 2-3 2 2.3 1 3-7 5 5.4 7 2-4 3 3.2 2 1 1 1 8 2-5 3 3.1 3 2-4 3 3.2 9 1 1 1 4 3-8 4 5.2 10 1-3 3 2.4 5 2-3 3 2.6 11 1 1 1 6 2-3 3 2.7 14 1 1 1 7 2 2 2 TABLE 3, Continued. 2^1 Hair Ranee I ^lode Mean Hair Range Mode Mean Abdomen VI (Cent .) Abdomen VII (Cont .) 8 3-^ ^■ 3.6 7 2-4 3 2.6 9 1 1 8 2-6 3 3.5 10 1 1 9 4-5 4 4.4 11 1 1 10 2-3 2 2.2 1^ 1 1 11 2 2 2 Abdomen VII 14 1 1 1 0 1 1 Abdomen VIII 1 5-8 6 5c9 0 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 4 3-5 4 3.9 3 ^-7 5 5.^ 9 7-11 9 8.6 4 3-6 4 3.9 14 1 1 1 5 4-8 7 6.3 Paddle 6 6-9 7 7.6 1 1-2 1 1.4 TABLE ^. Record of the branching of the setae on the pupae of Aedes (Aedimorphus) mediolineatus Hair Range Mode Mean 1 2 3 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 if 5 Cephalothorax 3-5 ^ 3.6 3-^ 2-4 2-if 3-5 2-J^ 2-5 2-6 2 Metanotum 11-24 12 13.8 111 4-5 4 4.4 Abdomen I 17-30 22 24.6 4 3.6 3 2.9 3 3.3 4 3.8 3 3.1 4 3.6 3 3.6 2 2 1 1 3-6 8-17 1 1 4 12 1 1 4.2 13.9 Hair Range Mode Mean Abdomen I (Cont.) 6 1-2 1 1.1 7 2-3 2 2.4 9 1 1 1 Abdomen II 0 1 1 1 1 17-28 22 22.8 2 1-2 1 1.1 3 1-2 1 1.3 4 6-10 7 7.6 5 4-8 6 5.5 6 1 1 1 7 1-4 2 2.6 9 1 1 1 Abdomen III 0 1 1 1 1 7-18 15 12.2 2 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 4 2-8 4 3.9 242 TABLE k. Continued. * 4 3.6 12 3-7 4 4.7 9 1 1 1 Abdomen I Abdomen III 1 30-46 35 37.7 0 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 7-18 18 13. '^ 3 1-2 1 1.2 2 1 1 1 4 4-7 5 5 3 1 1 1 5 8-15 10 10.4 4 3-5 5 4.4 248 TABLE 6. Continued. 249 Hair Ranfi;e omen III Mode (Cont Mean Hair RaniSce Mode Mean AM .) Abdomen V 5 3-11 8 7.1 0 1 1 1 6 2-4 3 2.8 1 4-6 6 5.'^ 7 4-7 5 5.^^ 2 1 1 1 8 3-7 4 4.8 3 2-3 3 2.6 9 1 1 1 4 5-9 8 7.3 10 2-3 2 2.3 5 3-4 3 3.1 11 1 1 1 6 2-3 3 2.6 14 1 1 1 7 8-11 8 8.7 Abdomen IV 8 3-5 4 4 0 1 1 1 9 1 1 1 1 5-13 7 7.7 10 1-3 1 1.3 2 1 1 1 11 1 1 1 3 4-10 7 6.9 14 1 1 1 4 2-5 3 3 Abdomen VI 5 2-3 3 2.9 0 1 1 1 6 2-6 3 3.6 1 4-9 5 6.4 7 3-6 4 4.1 2 1 1 1 8 3-4 3 3.1 3 2-4 3 3.2 9 1 1 1 4 3-7 6 5.6 10 2-4 3 2.9 5 3-4 3 3.4 11 1 1 1 6 2-3 3 2.5 14 1 1 1 7 2-3 2 2.1 TABLE 6. Continued, 250 Hair Range Mode Mean Hair Range Mode Mean Abdomen V] . (Cont .) Abd omen VII (Cont.) 8 3-4 3.6 7 1-4 3 2.4 9 1 1 8 3-7 3 k 10 1-2 1.1 9 3-8 6 5.9 11 1-2 1.1 10 1-3 2 1.9 Ik 1 1 11 1-3 0 1 1.5 Abdomen VII 14 1 1 1 0 1 1 Abdomen VIII 1 5-9 6.5 0 1 1 1 2 1 1 4 2-3 3 2.8 3 4-9 7.8 9 7-13 9 9.8 4 2-4 4 3.4 14 1 1 1 5 5-9 7 6.7 Paddl e 6 8-13 10 10.6 1 1 1 1 TABLE 7. Record of the branching of the setae on the pupae of Aedes (Aedinipi'phus) parapane;ensis Ha5.j Range Mode Mean Cephalothorax 1 5-8 5 6 2 4-8 5 5.6 3 3-5 5 4.3 k 6-8 7 6.9 5 6^9 6 7.5 6 2-4 3 3 7 8-11 9 8.9 8 7-12 12 10.5 9 2-4 3 2.9 Metanotum 10 13-16 13 14.3 11 1 1 1 12 3-11 6 6.6 , Abd omen I 1 21-42 35 32.3 2 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 4 5-7 6 4.9 5 10-18 15 14.6 Hair Range _.._Mode Mean. Abdomen I (Cont. ) 6 2-3 2 2.2 7 4-6 5 ^'8 91 11 Abdomen II 0 1 1 1 1 24-^40 36 33.6 2 1 1 1 3 1-2 2 1.6 4 6-11 6 7o8 5 10-14 10 11.4 6 2-5 3 3.2 7 6-10 6 7 9 1 1 1 14 1 1 1 Abdomen III 0 1 1 1 1 10-16 12 12.4 2 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 251 TABLE 7. Continued. 252 Hair Rane;e Mode Mean Hair Ran^e Mode Mean Abd omen III (Cont, .) Abdomen V 4 k-Q 4 5.3 0 1 1 1 5 9-13 11 10.8 1 5-9 8 8.6 6 4-8 6 6.1 2 1 1 1 7 4-6 5 4.9 3 3-5 4 4 8 4-7 6 5.9 4 9-14 12 11.6 9 1 1 1 5 3-5 3 3.8 10 2-5 2 3.1 6 5-8 5 5.9 11 1 1 1 7 7-11 9 8.9 1^ 1 1 1 8 3-4 3 3.4 Abdomen IV 9 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 10 2-4 3 3 1 5-11 7 7.6 11 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 14 1 1 1 3 5-9 8 7.4 Abdomen VI 1 4 3-6 3 4.1 0 1 1 1 5 2-5 3 3.1 1 7-13 9 9.5 6 5-8 6 6.6 2 1 1 1 7 4-6 4 4.4 3 4-8 4 5.4 8 3-4 3 3.4 4 7-11 8 9.9 9 1 1 1 5 3-6 5 4.i+ 10 3-5 4 4.3 6 6-8 8 7.3 11 1 1 1 7 2-4 3 2.8 14 1 1 1 8 4-6 4 4.8 TABLE 7. Continued. 253 Hair Rane;e Mode Mean Hair Ran^e Mode Mean Abdomen VI (Cont .) Abdomen VII (Cont.) 9 1 1 1 7 2-5 4 4.1 10 1-3 2 2 8 3-7 5 5.3 11 1 1 9 5-7 6 6.1 ii|. 1 1 10 2-5 i+ 3.6 Abdomen VII 11 2-k 3 2.8 0 1 1 Ik 1 1 1 1 7-10 8.1 Abdomen VIII 2 1 1 0 1 1 i 3 9-16 11 12.1 i+ 5-8 7 6.4 ^ 1^-10 6 7.1 9 11-14 li+ 12.9 5 5-9 7 7.3 1^+ 1 1 i 6 7-1^ 10 10.1 Paddle ■■ 1 1-2 2 1.8 TABLE 8 . Record of the brandling of the setae on the pupae of Aedes (Aedimorphus) pipersalatus Hair Ranffe Mode Mean Hair Range Mode Mean Cephal Dthorax Abdomen I (Cont.) 1 2-3 3 2.6 6 1-3 1 1.5 2 e-A-- 3 2.9 7 3-5 3 3.^ 3 2-i| 2 2.6 9 1 1 1 k 3-^ 3 3.3 Abdomen II 5 3-5 4 ^^.3 0 1 1 1 6 2-i| 3 2.9 1 13-20 18 17.4 7 3-6 4 4.2 2 1 1 1 8 2-7 5 4.6 3 1 1 1 9 2-^ 2 2.6 4 7-16 6 9.4 ivietanotum 5 4-7 5 4.9 10 5-9 6 6.2 6 1-3 3 2.2 11 1 1 1 7 2-4 3 3.1 12 4-7 4 5 9 1 1 1 Abdomen I 14 1 1 1 1 21-38 31 29.1 Abdomen III 2 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 6-10 7 7.8 4 3-6 6 5.2 2 1 1 1 5 7-16 9 10.9 3 1 1 1 254 TABLE 8. Continued. 255 Hair Range Mode Mean Abdomen III (Cont. ) i\- 3-6 5 ^.6 5 3-7 4 4.8 6 2-4 2 2.6 7 3-9 4 4,9 8 3-5 3 3.5 9 1 1 1 10 2-4 3 2.8 11 1 1 1 1^ 1 1 1 Abdomen IV 0 1 1 1 1 3-6 6 4.9 2 1 1 1 3 5-7 5 5.3 ^ 2-5 3 3.7 5 2 2 2 6 1-4 2 2.5 7 3-5 3 3.3 8 2-3 2 2.4 9 1 1 1 10 2-3 2 2.3 11 1 1 1 14 1 1 1 air Range Mode Mean Abdomen V 0 1 1 1 1 3-5 4 3.8 2 1 1 1 3 2-3 2 2.1 4 4-8 5 5.3 5 2-3 2 2.3 6 2-4 3 2.7 7 5-8 7 6.7 8 2-3 3 2.8 9 1 1 1 10 1-2 1 1.1 11 1 1 1 14 1 1 . 1 Abdomen VI 0 1 1 1 1 3-7 5 4.4 2 1 1 1 3 2-3 2 2.2 4 3-6 5 4.7 5 2-5 3 2.7 6 2-3 2 2.4 7 2 2 2 8 2-3 3 2.8 TABLE 8. Continued. 256 Hair Ranpe Mode Mean Hair Ran^e ] \1ode Mean AM omen VI (Cont.) Abdomen VII (Cont .) 9 1 1 1 8 2-5 3 3.6 10 1-2 1 1.2 9 3-6 4 4.3 11 1 1 1 10 1-2 2 1.8 14 1 1 1 11 1-2 2 1.6 Abdomei 1 VII 14 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 Abdomen VIII 1 3-6 4 4.3 0 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 4 3-4 3 3.1 3 3-8 5 5.2 9 7-10 7 7.1 4 2-4 3 2.8 14 1 1 1 5 3-6 4 4.2 Paddle 6 6-14 8 9.1 1 1 1 1 7 2-3 2 2.1 1 TABLE 9. Record of the branching of the setae on the pupae of Aedes (Aedirr.orphus) vexans Hair Ran^e Mode Me an Hair Ranfi;e Mode Mean Cephalothorax Abdomen I (C ont 8 ) 1 2-3 2 20 6 1-2 1 1.1 2 2-3 2 2.1 7 1-3 1 1.2 3 2 2 2 9 1 1 1 k 1_/| 2 2.5 10 1 1 1 5 1-3 2 2A Abdomen II 6 1-^ 1 1.7 0 1 1 1 7 2-5 3 3.2 1 5-14 10 9.4 8 2^-4 ^ 3«^ 2 1 1 1 9 1-2 2 1.8 3 1-2 2 1.7 Metanotum i^ 2-4 3 2.7 10 ^-11 7 7 5 2-5 4 3.3 11 1 1 1 6 1-3 1 1.2 12 1-3 1 1.7 7 1-3 1 1.4 AMomen I 9 1 1 1 1 17-25 21 21 Abdomen III 2 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 3-5 4 3.9 it 2-k 2 2.8 2 1 1 1 5 2-8 3 3.9 3 1-2 1 1.2 257 TABLE 9, Continued. 258 Hair Rang;e Mode Mean Hair Ran^e Mode Mean Abd omen III (Cont, ) Abdomen V ^ 1-4 3 2.5 0 1 1 1 5 2-6 4 3.8 1 1-3 2 2.1 6 1-3 1 1.5 2 1 1 1 7 2-4 3 2.9 3 1-4 2 1.9 8 1-4 2 2.1 4 1-5 3 2.9 9 1 1 1 5 1-2 2 1.8 10 1-3 1 1.8 6 1-2 1 1.2 11 1 1 1 7 1-5 2 2.9 1^ 1 1 1 8 1-3 1 1.3 Abdomen IV 9 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 10 1 1 1 1 2-5 3 3 11 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 14 1 1 1 3 2-7 5 4.2 Abdomen VI if 1-5 1 1.9 0 1 1 1 5 1-3 2 2.1 1 1-3 2 1.8 6 1-3 1 1.6 2 1 1 1 7 2-4 2 2.4 3 1-4 1 1.4 8 1-3 1 1.7 4 1-4 2 2.2 9 1 1 1 5 1-2 2 1.9 10 1-2 1 1.4 6 1-2 1 1.4 11 1 1 1 7 1-2 1 1.1 14 1 1 1 8 1-2 2 1,6 TABLE 9o Continued. ^59 Hair Ranffe Wode Mean Hair Ran^e Mode Mean Abdomen VI (Cont. ) Abdomen VII (Cont .) 9 1 1 8 1-^- 2 2.1 10 1 1 9 2-i+ 3 3.3 11 1 1 10 1 1 1 lit 1 1 11 1 1 1 Abdomen VII 1^ 1 1 1 0 1 1 Abdomen VIII 1 1-3 1.6 0 1 1 1 2 1 1 i+ 1-2 2 1.7 3 2-5 3 2.9 9 i^-7 5 5.3 if 1-3 2 2.8 1^ 1 1 1 5 1-3 1 1.6 Paddle 6 2-5 3 3.5 1 1 1 1 7 1 1 1 TABLE 10. Record of the branching of the setae on the pupae of Aedes (Aedimorphus) yexans nipponii Hair Ran&e Mode Mean. Hair Rang:e ._. Mode Mean Cephalothorax 1 2-3 3 2.6 2 2-3 2 2el 3 2-4 2 2.3 4 2-3 3 2.9 5 2-4 3 2»8 6 1-4 3 2.4 7 2-4 4 3.^ 8 3-6 5 4.5 9 1-2 1 1.4 Metanotujn 10 4-10 5 5.8 11 1 1 1 12 1-3 2 1.6 Abdomen I 1 16-22 18 18.4 2 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 ^ 1-3 3 2o7 5 2-5 3 3.3 Abdomen I (Cont, ) 6 1-2 1 1.4 7 2-4 3 2.9 9 1 1 1 10 1 1 1 Abdomen II 0 1 1 1 1 4-10 6 7.2 2 1 1 1 3 1-2 1 1.1 4 2-4 3 2.8 5 2-4 3 2.9 6 1-2 1 1.3 7 2-4 2 2.6 9 1 1 1 Abdomen III 0 1 1 1 1 3-6 4 4.3 2 1 1 1 3 1-2 1 Icl 260 TABLE lOo Continuedi 261 Hair Ran^e Mode Mean Hair Ransie Mode Mean Abdomen III ( C ont . ) Abdomen V if 2-^)- 3 2c8 0 1 1 1 5 2-6 4 4.1 1 2-4 3 3 6 1-3 1 1.9 2 1 1 1 7 2-3 3 2o6 3 2-4 2 2.6 8 1-5 3 2.8 4 1-4 3 2.8 9 1 1 1 5 2-3 2 2el 10 1-3 2 1.8 6 1-2 2 1.7 11 1 1 1 7 1-4 2 2.3 Ik 1 1 1 8 1-3 2 1.9 Abdomen ly 9 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 10 1 1 1 1 2-5 3 3.2 11 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 14 1 1 1 3 3-5 5 4.6 Abdom. en VI 4 1-3 2 2.1 0 1 1 1 5 2-3 2 2,1 1 2-4 3 2.8 6 1-3 2 1.8 2 1 1 1 7 1-3 2 1.8 3 1-3 1 1.3 8 1-3 2 2 4 2-4 3 3 9 1 1 1 5 2 2 2 10 1-3 2 2 6 1-2 2 1.8 11 1 1 1 7 1-2 1 1.1 1^ 1 1 1 8 2-3 2 2.2 TABLE 10, Continued. 252 Hair Ran^e Mode Mean Hair Rans;e Mode Mean Abdomen VI (Cont .) Abdomen VII (Cont .) 9 1 1 1 8 Z-k 3 2.7 10 1 1 1 9 2-4 3 3 • 11 1 1 1 10 1 1 1 14 1 1 1 11 1 1 1 Abdomen VII m- 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 Abdomen VIII 1 1-3 2 1.9 0 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 4 1-3 2 2.1 3 2-6 3 3.3 9 4-7 5 5.4 4 1-3 2 1.8 Ik 1 1 1 5 2-3 2 2.2 Paddle 6 3-^ 4 3.6 1 1-2 1 1.2 7 1-2 1 1.1 TABLE 11. Species of Aedes (Aedimorphus) occurring in the Oriental Zoogeographical Region Species Female Male Pupa Larva Egg albosc utellatus argent eoscutellat us caecus culicinus .iamesi lov/isii mediolineat us nigrostriat us orbitae pallidostriatus pampangensis pipersalatus punctifemoris synthetic us taeniorhynchoides trimaculatus X** X** X** X** - X* - - X** X** X** x*» X** X** X** x*» X x« - X> X** X* - - X** X** X** x*» X X* - - X** X** X** X** X** X** X x*» x«* X** X** X** X** X** X x*» X*» X** - - X X* - x* X** X** - - X* X* ^ ^ 263 26^ TABLE 11. Continued. Species Female Male Pupa Larva Egg vexans X** X** X** X** X* wainwrighti X X = Indicates stage has been described in this paper or in the literature. * = Indicates a portion of the stage has been figured in the literature. ** = Indicates a portion of the stage is figured in this paper. - = Indicates no description or figure. TABLE 12. Species of Aedes_ (Aediraorphus,) occurring in the Australian Z oogeographical Region Species Female Male Pupa Larva Egg albosc utellatus caecus lov/isii , vexans x«-* X** X** X* X*^ X** X** X** X** x^ X** X* X = Indicates stage has been described in this paper or in the literature. * = Indicates a portion of the stage has been figured in the literature. *•""■ = Indicates a portion of the stage is figured in this paper. - = Indicates no description or figure. 265 TABLE 13. Species of Aedes ( Aedimorphus) occurring in the Palearctic Zoogeographical Region Species F emale Male Pupa Larva X*» Effff albosc utellatus X** X** X*« - vexans X** X** X** X*» X* vexans nipponii X** x*» X* X* ^ X = Indicates stage has been described in this paper or in the literature. * = Indicates a portion of the stage has been figured in the literature. *» = Indicates a portion of the stage is figured in this paper. - = Indicates no description or figure. 266 TABLE 14. Species of Aedes (Aedimorphus) occurring in the Pacific Ocean Islands Region Species Female Male Pupa Larva Egg alboscutellatus caecus oakleyi senyavinensis trukensis vexans X** X** X*» X** X* X** X** X** X** X** X** X** x«« X* X* X* X* X X* X* X* X - - - X** X** x*» x«* X = Indicates stage has been described in this paper or in the literature, * = Indicates a portion of the stage has been figured in the literature. ** = Indicates a portion of the stage is figured in this paper. - = Indicates no description or figure. 267 TABLE 15, Species of Aedes (Aedimorphus) occurring in the Nearctic Zoogeographical Region Species Female Male Pupa Larva E^^: vexans X** X** X»* X** X» X = Indicates stage has been described in this paper or in the literature. ♦ = Indicates a portion of the stage has been figured in the literature. ** = Indicates a portion of the stage is figured in this paper. 268 TABLE 16. Species of Aedes (Aedimorphus) occurring in the Ethiopian Zoogeographical Region Snecies Female Male Pupa Larva E^S abnor malls - X* - - - abnormal is kabwachensis X X* X X - albocephalus X* X* X* X* - alboventralis X* - - - - apicoannulatus X X - - - arsenteoDunctatus X* X* - X* - bedfordi X X* - - - bevisi X X* X X* - boneti - X* - - - boneti kumbae - X* X X* - califfinosus X X* - - - capensis X* X* - X* - centropunctatus X X* X* X* - consolensis X X* - - . - chamboni X* X* - - - cumminsii X* X* X X* - dalzieli X* X* - X - dentatus X* X* - X* - dialloi - X* -. - - domesticus X X* X X* - 269 TABLE 16. Continued, 2?0 Specie! Female Male Pupa Larva Eff§ durbanensis ebogjoensis eritreae eritreae karoo ens is falabreguesi filicis fowleri pibbinsi gilliesi ^renieri gr.jebinei hamoni havvorthi hirsutus holocinctus hopkinsi insolens irritans kapretwae kennethi lamborni leesoni leesoni verna leptolabis X* x-^ X"- X* - x-^ - - X x^- - - X x^- - X* - X* - - X* x^- X* X* X* x^- X X* X X* X* X X X - - - X- - - - X - - X* X* - - X* X* X X* X X^^ X* X* - X X* X* X x^^- X X* X - - - X* X* X* X* X X - X* X X - X* X X* X X* - X* - - X X* X X* ^^ X* X* X 271 TABLE 16, Continued. Species Female Male Pupa Larva Effff leucarthrius X - - - - loko.ioensis - X* .X X - lonffiseta - X* - / - lottei - X* - - mansouri X X* - - - marshallii X* X* X* X* - mattina;lyi X X* X* X* - microstictus - X* - - - minutus x» X* - X* - mixtus - X» - X - mutilus X X* X* X - natronius X X* - X* - neobiannulatus X - - - - nffonff X X X X - niffricephalus X* X* x» x» - nyounae - X* X* X* - ochraceus X* X* - X* - ovazzai - X* - - - pachyurus X X* - X - phyllolabis X X* x» x» - pseudo tarsal is X X* x» X* <* pubescens X X* - ■ - - punctothoracis X* X* - - 4 quasiunivittatus X* x» . X* .« 272 TABLE 16. Continued. Species — Female Male Pupa Larva Effff reali - X* - - - rickenbaciri' -' X* X* X» - semlikiensis X* X* - - seychellensis X* - - - - simulans X* X* X x* ^ smithburni X X* - - ^ stokesi X x» X ' X* - subdentatus X X* - - - tarsalis X* X* X X* - tauffliebi - X* - - - teesdalei X X X* X - tiptoni -"' - X* - tricholabis X X* - - - tricholabis bwamba M X X* X* - vexans - — x*» X** X** x*» X* wendyal X x» X X* - wie-ffleswdrthi X X* X* X* - van^ambiensis - X* X» X* - yvonneae — X* — " ~ X = ♦ - Indicates stage has been described in this paper or in the literature. Indicates a portion of the stage has been figured in the literature. Indicates a portion of the stage is figured in this paper. = Indicates no description or figure. REFERENCES CITED Ansari, M. A. R. 1959. A report on the culiclne mosquitoes in the collection of the Department of Entomology and Parasitology (I. H, P. M.), Lahore, Pakistan J. Hlth. 8s 25-36, Aslamkhan, M,, and C, Salman, I969. 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Yen, C-H. 1938, Studies on Dirofilaria immitus Leidy with special reference to the susceptibility of some Minnesota species of mosquitoes to the infection. J, Parasit, 2k: I89-205. Yoshimeki, M, 1955. Morphological studies on the tracheal system of two Culicini larvae, Culex pipiens L, var. pallens Coquillet Ltl and Aedes vexans nipponii Theo- bald. Ecol, Rev., Japan iW: 81^^59; BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH Johii Francis Re inert was "born March 21, 19^0, in Fair- mont, Oklahoma, In May, I958, he graduated Valedictorian from Douglas High School, Douglas, Oklahoma, Majoring in entomology, he received the Bachelor of Science degree in May, 19^2, and was also commissioned a second lieutenant in the U. S. Army; and the Master of Sci- ence degree was earned in August, 1965* from Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, During the periods 1962-196^4- and August, 1965-July, 1966, he served in the U. S. Army as a medical entomology instructor teaching officer and enlisted courses at Medical Field Service School, Fort Sam Houston, Texas 5 and as an Army Research Team member surveying for ectoparasites at Big Bend National Park, Texas, Brownsville, Texas, and Cerra Potosi, Mexico. From July, 1966-July, I967, he was commanding officer of an Army Entomological Survey Unit in Thailand, He attended the Army Advanced Officer Training Course, Fort Sam Houston, Texas, from July, 1967-DecemlDer, I967. From January, 1968-August, I968, he was assigned to V/alter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, D. C, v/ith duty assignment as a mosquito taxonomist to Southeast Asia Mosquito Project, U, S. National Museum. 286 From September, I968, to the present, he has worked toward the Doctor of Philosophy degree. In May, I969. he was promoted to the rank of major. His wife is the former Mary Helen Harn, San Antonio, Texas, and they are parents of a daughter, Mary Kelayne. He has authored 11 published scientific papers on entomology. He holds membership in Alpha Zeta, Gamma Sigma Delta, Phi Sigma, Sigma Xi, the Florida, Kansas, Newell, and Washington Entomological Societies, and the National Geo- graphic Society. I certify that I have read this study and that in ray opinion it conforms to acceptable standards of scholarly presentation and is fully adequate, in scope and quality, as a dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, .m ^. manxon, CJ^alrman Professor of Entoraology £t2:2^-2-^-^ I certify that I have read this study and that in my opinion it conforms to acceptable standards of scholarly presentation and is fully adequate, in scope and quality, as a dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Dale H, Habeck Associate Professor of Entomology I certify that I have read this study and that in my opinion it conforms to acceptable standards of scholarly presentation and is fully adequate, in scope and quality, as a dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. C/.^/lJJ^£^c. Clifford S. L6fgren Courtesy Professor of Entomology I certify that I have read this study and that in my opinion it conforms to acceptable standards of scholarly presentation and is fully adequate, in scope and quality, as a dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Frank V/. Mead Courtesy Professor of Entomology I certify that I have read this study and that in my opinion it conforms to acceptable standards of scholarly presentation and is fully adequate, in scope and quality, as a dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. fit^C^-^ ,4^^^^^^^ Alan Stone Courtesy Professor of Entomology I certify that I have read this study and that in my opinion it conforms to acceptable stsmdards of scholarly presentation and is fully adequate, in scope and quality, as a dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. G. Zam Associate Professor of Zoology This dissertation was submitted to the Dean of the College of Agriculture and to the Graduate Council, and was accepted as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. August, 1971 /kJ^W^* Agriculture Dean, Graduate School Q 4 j!i ^ «