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MASSACHUSETTS
AMHERSU^S.

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,3

Or how to Realize the Most Money with the Smallest Expenditure of Capital
and Labor in the Care of Bees. Rationally Considered.

c^J'^afeji'ii;^'!^'^'* 1SWI»'®

If .c>>. I

In the Prcpamtioii of tJiis Journal the foUowlng are tlce Principal Periodicals Consulted :
A:WLmWiom.M Mb© f5:>CI-li.I»il.a-l* Clarke, and Mrs. Tupjoer.

K/©-© W®'^1'^* A- F. Moon & Co. .

[AUo Bound Volumes of the former since 1S60, and Files of all other Bee Journals that have been

Published in America.']

©@®Mti®^ <^mmMjBimmm^

!l>'©i©mtiii© Asi©!?!®®®®

C O IV T E TV T^

Oui- own Aiiiary

P>ces in a Greenhouse

Conventions. T^ectures etc

'niiKivteil (Jncons

Aihilteration of honey

'ryndall and Oomh buiUling

Iiilroducina: Queens

l'r.)l)leni Xo. 28.

A nswer to Problem No. •2('>

Solution pri'rohleni Xo. •!?>

Feeding to induce (-oml) building

( i 1 ucose

Kdilorial

Tieport from "Katie Grimm"

Kcport from Capt. Iletherington

Page.
1

4

4

.;.... 5

.5

.')

(i

(>

(J

7

7

Kcport from P. TI. Elwood

Hoiiev resources of California

Blue Thistle Honey

Kelley's Island (Jueeiis

Honev rolunin

Jlitcheirs "Scdiool Teac.hinir' ....
Harbison's frame for comb hone\-.

Ilumlivi'-'s and Sv/indlcs

Patent hive men

Ai4ifieial comb •

Sun Flowers for Bee Feeders

San Diejro Mountain Honey

Gettina; all worker comb

Can Vices he kept in a Citv.'

Concernin!; several I'rob'.ems. . . .

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Page. i'oisf

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ADVERTISERS' DEPARTMENT.

SIJWDBY MATTERS.

Mr. DRArEK has sent us a sample of his straw mats,
•which, although tliey may do vei-y jroocl service, are
quite inferior In workmanship to those made by friend
Nevins. As the prices are less, jjerhaps both arc a fair
equivalent for the money asked.

• ♦ ♦

Many questions are asked in regard to matters treat-
ed most thoroughly in former numbers. As a great
part of our readers have Gleanings from its com-
mencement it would be doing them an injustice to go
over the ground again. We will always indicate where
the answer to questions will be found and can supply
Vol.'s 1 and 2, neatly fastened together In book form
for 75c each, or the two for 9^1.50, Lithograph included.

For the very low price of S2.00 or $1.50 in clubs, you
can get that bright pretty paper, the Pra/nc i*Vxrmer,
every week for a wliole year. Tlieir articles on bee
culture have been when copied so well selected, and
when original so directly to the point, that it has for
the past year been a particular favorite among our
exchanges. Our western subscribers will certainly
find it to their interest to give it a place in their homes.
Sent with Gleanings for §2.65 including all postage.

We were agreeably surprised on getting hold of the
Fruit Recorder and Cottage Gardener to find a peri-
odical in many respects so similar in plan and design
to Gleanings, only that friend Purdy talks of fruit,
while we talk of bees. Our readers can every one of
tfiem, at least send to him for sample copies, and then
if they think they can afford to do without the paper
they certainly will look at it differently from what we
do. We can furnish it with Gleanings for $1.50 In-
cluding all postage, see advertisement.

In speaking of Imported Queens on another page,
we spoke only of those we had tested in our own api-
ary. Although we have never tested the Dadant
importations, of course they have the same qualities
as our own. We sent them an order in '72 for two
Queens but the money was promptly returned on ac-
count of their losses that year. In regard to the decis-
ion at the last National Convention, Mr. D. writes :

When we read the report of the Beekeepers
Convention, we immediatly wrote to Mrs. Tupper &
to King for an explanation. Mrs. Tupper answered:

"I said no such thing as I am reported as saying at
the Convention. Some one asked me it their was not
danger of Italians in Italy being mixed with Egyptian
blood, and I replied that I did not tliink any Egyptian
had ever been carried to Italy and that I had received
line queens always, though 1 thought pure Italians
were improved by being brought to our climate. I
have corrected it in January No. E. S. T.''

King says: "The report in A. B. J. is incorrect. I
never uttered such language. I was absent from City
when Dr. Rush's report was received but returned
in time to promptlv correct manv incorrected state-
ments. &c. H. A. K."

We wrote to Dr. Rush to And where that came from.
What do you think of it ?

Ch. 1). & Son.

One who attended the convention stated very pos-
itively, substantialy the same as the reporter, even be-
fore it came out, i. e., that importing from Italy was
not to be encouraged. Benedict clearly had a motive
for this, but as Mrs. Tupper has advertisol and sold
imported Queens largely, even recently, we are puz-
zled to understand what motive should jtrompt such
advice from she and King. We have just had a con-
versation with Mr. Nunn, and he agrees perfectly
with Grimm and I)a<laiit, and all careful observers,
viz: that none but three banded bees are to be found
in Italy, although many of them are <iuitc dark— the
bauds being more of a leather color, than yellow.

We can almost forgive Professor Tyndall, if he di<l
blunder on the way bees build comb— see Popular
Science Monthly for Oct. 1874— when we read the fol-
lowing beautiful sentiment copied from Christiuir-
Union of Nov. 25th, '74 :

He had been making some beautiful experiment-^,
showing the structural ))ower of molecular forces,
when he referred, parenthetically, to the revelations
of science as calculated to awaken our surprise. "We
are surrounded." he said, "by wonders and mysteries
everywhere. I have sometimes— not sometiiiies. but
ofteii— in the springtime watched the anvancc of the
sprouting leaves, and of the grass, and of the flovvei's,
and observed the general joy of opening life in nature
and I have aske<l myself this question, • Can it be that
there is no being or "thing in nature that knows more
about these things than I do? Do I in my ignorance
represent the highest knowledge of these things ex-
isting in this universe?' Toadies and gentlemen, the
man who puts that question fairly to himself, if he be
not a shallow man, if he be a man capable of being
penetrated bv jirofound thought, will never answer
the question by professing that creed of atheism which
has been so lightly attributed to me."' A]»preciativc
cheers followed this happy and iiresnmably sincere
rejoinder to those who see in Tyndall nothing but
enmity toward God.

It would be sad indeed to think that no being in the
universe knew more of the hidden mysteries connect-
ed with bee culture than our own "awkward selves."

ITALIAN QUEENS bred from imported mothers—
a month earlier than in the North. Purity and
safe arrival guaranteed. Also full colonies of Italians
in Langstroth hives for sale at §15.00 per colony.
Address Dr. J. P. H. BROWN, Augusta, Ga.

C 3L. XT B RATES on 175 Papers. Send for
C I^ XJ B List including Agents' Rates on
H O O It S bv mail post - paid— 4nn i;. List—
33 O O It S BiNGHAMS' Agenc}', Sp.arta, Wis.

12t9j>

THinTEGN years experience in propagating
Italian Bees. Queens will be bred direct' from
Imported Mothers and warranted pure and fertile.
Send for my circular. Wm. W. CARY,

Itf Colerain, Friinklin Co., Mass.

TUIilP. LINDEN, and other honey producing trees.
Send lor catalogue.
Sip A. BATTLES, Girard, Pa.

CATNIP SEED, fresh and good, .50c per ounce.
J. L. WOLFENDEN, Adams, Wal Co., Wis. 75))

C

ATNIP SEED for sale at 25c per oz. Address
A. A. RICE, Seville, Medina Co., O. lltf

You cannot look over the back No's of Gleanings
or any other Periodical with satisfaction, unless they
are in some kind of a Binder. Who has not said—
perhaps only mentally — "Confound it 1 must have last
month's Journal and "it's no where to be found." Put
each No. in the Emerson Binder as soon as it comes
and you can sit down happy, any time you wish to flnil
any thing you may have previously seen even though
it were mo"nlhs ag'o.

Binders lor Gleanings (will hold them for four
years) gilt lettered, free by mail for 50, (iO, and 75c, ac-
cording to quality. For table of iirices of Binders for
anv Periodical, see Oct. No. Send in vour orders.

A. I. ROOT &"C0., Medina, O.

3DE^V"OTEID EiXlCIuTJSI'VELTSr TO BEES -A.3SriD HOnSTE^^-

Vol. III.

JANUARY, 1, 1875.

No. I.

OIR OW'TS APIARY.

bright and "Happy New Year" to all old
friends, whom we may be so fortunate as
to greet once more through these pau:es. As
we write this 3rd day of Dec., 1874, we of
course can not tell how many of our friends of
'78 and 74, may have concluded to "go with
us" through 1875. However, be the numtjer
great or small, we once more wish you a hap-
py and prosperous year witli j'our bees, and
hope we may be so fortunate as to succeed in
assisting in the matter.

In Vol. 1, we tried to tell you "How to Start
an x\.piary;" in Vol. 2, "How to Conduct an
Apiary," and we fear we are now better quali-
fied to tell }ou what we are doing in Our Own
Apiarj', than anj- thing else, and so we com-
mence the task without further apology.

In our last, we informed you that we had
raised the sash in our greenhouse nearly level;
well, editorial duties compelled us to neglect
it entirely while we were getting out our Dec.
No. and new price list, and meanwhile we had
some wintry weather so severe, that all vn-
»e((Ud brood in all the hives in greenhouse was
destroyed. This would not have happened
had not the sash been left so that the interior
was very much exposed. The larvje in the
lamp nursery shared the same fiite, although
the temperature at no time fell below GO", but
they had so few bees that the heat of the lamp
was their only safety. From this we should
judge the vitality of brood and eggs is destroy-
ed by exposure to a temperature of GO" for any
length of time. This accords with our experi-
ments in sending eggs by mail. It can only
succeed during the hottest part of the summer,
and even then small larvti? among sealed brood
seems to give best results; the sealed brood
retaining considerable animal heat.

The weather has now moderated again, but
sill too many bees are found deail on the floor
and clinging to the sash. To test another
'Ijright conception" we have to-day arranged
each hive so that the bees have an entrance
outside the house as Avell as inside. Will they
learn to locate the two entrances think you,
so as to make no blunders? We'll tell j'ou
after the next pleasant day.

Dec. S(h — It don't work, and after we tell you
why, very likely you will think as we do, that
we were stupid not to have foreseen the ditti-
culty. As soon as the sun had warmed the
interior, the hives "drew" like stoves, that is
they drew in the cool out-door air, and sent a
strong draft out of the entrance of each hive i
into the greenhouse. This draft kept the bees I

so cool they wouldn't fly at all, and even
should the air be ((uite warm outside, we think
such a current through the hive, of (luestion-
ablc utility unless forsooth it be used in hot
weather for a "patent ventilator;" if hives are
shaded from the sun, we doubt much whether
a draft through the liiye is ever desirable, no
matter how hot may be tlie weather. As you
may have inferred, our experiments ai-e now
tending toward the feasibility of a greenhouse,
or similar structure, that will enable us to
locate our bees permanently, the year round ;
that is, have them so situated that they can go
out in the spring at pleasure, when the weath-
er permits, or gather meal for their brood and
take the needed exercise in the bright sun-
shine inside, where wind and frost are entirely
excluded. If it is among the possibilities we
should want such a structure to be so made
that little if any engineering would be re-
quired ; such as sliding sash, shutters etc. To
convey our meaning we append a precious (to
us) little note just at hand.

Apropos, a neighbor told me of an experiment he
tried a tew years ago, that someljody might test. He
had two weak hite swarms that he expected to lose
any how, and as P. G. says "just lor the liin of it," put
them over the family room, in a tightly i)lastered room
with the stove pipe "running up through the floor into
the chimnev. They were put 4 feet hack from the
window, and on a level with the sill, with a board lor
a bridge from the window to each hive. The chil-
dren's beds occupied the same room. The result was
they flew whenever they wanted to on the window
and all over the chamber. They soon got used to it
and as they were few in numbers'and scant in stores,
he fed them all winter daily with honey and rye meal,
in little troughs placeil on the sill. They woiild come
and work on it every day when warm enougli and go
home with it, industriously traveling back and forth
on their respective bridges; each returning to their
own hive, however much thev might get mi'^ed up at
the troughs. They came through all right. Tliev
were in box hives and the only trouble was,' be h;id to
mix the honey and meal as he fed it, in small (luaati-
ties or it would sour. They soon learned to come
home if they couldn't get out of the window; although
the children slept in the chamber they did noi Ijotber
each other at all. Noises did not dibtiu-b Ihem nor did
they soil the chamber badly.

II. HiDSO.v, Douglas, Allegan t\>., Mich.

There! do you see how near this ma;! came
to a perfect accomplishment of all we can de-
sire. Had he fountl that t)y opening tli,' win-
dow when the weather became suitable
(which he may have done, we have written for
further particulai'N; the bees returned all
right, why could he not liave left them thus
all summer? JMany experiments will l)e need-
ed before we are ready to arrange an apiary in
this way, and to proi)erly economize labor
both for the apiarist and the bees, it seems to
us is to be the grand i)roblem at the jiresent
stage of Apiculture. !>ince we now know tiiat

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

jAIf.

I)ee.s will work and rear brood in a glass en-
closure, we think we may safely call it

PKOBLEM NO. 37.

We invite suggestions, and the result of ex-
periments from all. The difficulty mentioned,
of a draft through the hive, is easily remedied
l)y placing the hive a few inches from, and
with the entrance facing the wall of the struc-
ture. An opening in the wall, before each hive,
permits them to go out in suitable weather,
aiitl when gathering honey they can readily
alight as near the entrance as they do ordina-
rily with a Langstroth portico. As the interi-
or of this building is expected to be kept above
the freezing point, without any artificial heat,
at all seasons of the year, these entrance holes
should be closed whenever the bees have no
need of them. To do this quicklj^ a single lev-
er can be so arranged as to close 50 or 100 at
once and with but little effort. We would
have the entrances to the hives nearly on a
level with the ground outside, for reasons re-
peatedly given, and as the extractor is to be
used on the inside, our building need be onlj^
wide enough, to permit a car on the Blakeslee
plan, to run between the rows of liives that are
up and down each side of the building. If the
I'oof is of glass the air inside will permit the
bees to work almost any day in winter when
the sun shines, but what is to be done when
the sun doesn't shine in winter, and also to avoid
the excessive heat, and to shade the hives in
summer ? This is one of the most important
points in the problem, especially as we want it
done without laborious manipulations whenev-
er we have sudden and extreme changes of
weather. Peter Henderson {Am. Agrleidturist
for June 1873) has happily solved the most
difficult part, by recommending that green
houses have spacious cellars beneath them, and
that the lloor above be laid with the boards
slightly apart, permitting the air to mix freeljs.
That in the cellar, will equalize the tempera-
ture of that in the greenhouse so as to prevent
Its becoming unpleasantly warm in summer,
and will also prevent its ever going lower than
freezing in winter, if shutters are used during
the most severe weather, for the natural tem-
perature of the earth is al)out 40«. As strong
stocks bear a freezing temperature for a short
time without injury, we think bee-keepers
might dispense with the shutters, were it not
for shading the house in summer. This last
item bothers us most of all, but we feel pretty
sure it is not necessary and perhaps not advi-
sable, to have the roof all glass ; if one half
were shingles we think we should have all the
heat and light needed. Again, bees work bet-
ter with a level ceiling of glass above them,
and as this will not shed rain, we shall need
two sashes. In that case the dead air si)ace
between the two will be of great service in
keeping out frost. To those who are inclined
to think this is going to a great amount of
fuss and expense for so little, we rejjly, that it
is all to enable us to have plenty of bees, and to
liave them early, and most of our readers are
well aware that if we can secure this, indepen-
dently of the weather, reward is easily secured.
If it pays iMarket gardeners to have green
houses, and to keep them also warmed for
months artificially, will it not pay us, espec-
ially as a hive of bees will endure variations

of temperature safely that would be at once
fatal to vegetable life.

Our best colony in the greenhouse, and it is
one that would not winter ordinarily, is now
rearing brood quite briskly, and yet it is near
the middle of Dec. Won't a greenhouse pay in
the spring think youV

We are very much interested in your forcing house,
we do not adinire your calling it greenhouse, for we
do not think there will be any tiling green in it, when
you succeed so admirablv.

B. H. Staiu & C«>.,"Cleveland, O. Dec. 8th, 1874.

We beg pardon but there is something
"green" in it ; viz : three geraniums, one bud-
ded almost ready to blossom, and a hyacinth,
just peeping out of the ground. Since you
have mentioned it we think we will call it a
"forcing house" and thank you for the correct-
ion.

Meal placed inside of the lamp nursery does
no good, the Queen lays eggw daily and some
of them are liatched into minute larva?, but
they get no farther. Although the rest are
busy on tlie meal within a few feet of them
they pay no attention to it whatever. Very
likely a pint or so of bees, added to their one
teacupful, might start brood but we want to
find out why they can't do it ; they are kept
warm, have plenty of food, water and all es-
sentials so far as we know. Not only is pollen
essential to the life of the larvae, but it needs
a pretty large amount daily, as we have ample
means of seeing, for if several cold cloudy
days occur and we do not warm up the room
by the stove, the larva? is sure to perish. None
of our attempts to get them to use meal in the
hive, cither dry or wet up with syrup or hon-
ey, have been of the least avail.

Dec. lOih — Have put five more weak colonies
in the forcing house ; as these have not hail a
fly for a week or two, we were agreeably sur-
prised to see them hover before the hives, be-
fore flying against the glass as did those put
in first, and the consequence is, they nearly
all regain their hives without any confusion.
As we can now set them at work any day by
starting a fire in the stove, we propose to keep
these nine colonies (including the nucleus)
rearing brood until spring, or at least until all
are strong.

Dec. 2Ut — But this don't work just as we
propositi either. It seems that bees get "lazy,"
if they can't fiy out in the open air. We were
half inclined to think this the case many times,
but concluded it was the cool weather that
prevented them working on the syrup as they
did in Oct. AVhen we first put the three small
stocks in the forcing house, they covered a uni-
versal feeder so as ^o look like a small swarm
hanging to the strip of wood, and they took
away half a cofiee-pot full of syrup in a day,
during favorable weather. By the way we
believe we have not not mentioned that bees
do not drown in their feeders even if left un-
covered, for they will walk down the cloth
sides, which gives them a secure foot hold, and
load uyy with the greatest apparent satisfaction.
Well after they got the combs i)retty well filled,
they seemed to iiave lost their enthusiasm, and
and althouiih hives just brouijht in, seem to
have all their natural disposition for robbing
it soon gives way to a kind of listless disregard
of the amount of honey or syrup that may be
left exposed about the interior ; warming the

1875

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

room by artiJlcial heat, does not seem to restore
their passion tor the aceumuhition of stores.
Do not uncUn-stand us liowever to say tiiey do
not lly, for tlu>y ijo all over the room and re-
iiiun their liives with very little loss, and the
«'onibs, bees, and all seems bright and healthy.
Only one colony is now rearinj; brood, and
they only work sutticiently to gather meal
daily for the nourishment of the brood. In the
morninij as soon as the room becomes warm
enough, they work (juite briskly but jjradually
cease, and by one -or two, P. M., have nearly
all ceased ; by the next morniuij this supply is
nearly all used up. This colony will take no
notice of honey, or syrup, but some of the
liives just brought in carry it in to some ex-
tent. It seems (juite certain that weak colonies
can be wintered with such an arrangement that
could not be wintei'ed otherwise. Our "tea-
cupful" nucleus, are as healthy as can be desi-
red, and go out and fly in the sunshine, and
back again as safely as if in the open air, yet
they icoti't rear brood. When the weather
becomes warm in the spring they can be allow-
ed to go out, and will doubtless then commence
brood rearing without trouble. On the 10th,
it was warm enough for an hour or so to allow
flying out, and we opened the doors. Their
first movement after taking their points was
to fly oflTin a strait line so far that it seemed
they never could come back, but we believe all
returned in 10 or 15 minutes, and they then
sought their respective corners with buzz that
seemed to say "there ! a fly of four or Ave miles,
does a body good."

Even if we do not succeed much with Ijrood
rearing until the weather permits them to have
occasionally a day out of doors, we think we
have no cause to feel disheartened. The forc-
ing house will prove a most excellent place to
give the out door colonies meal, and perhaps
sugar too, for they learned to go out and in as
safely as need be while we were making repairs.
We are very glad to be able to give the two
following letters from practical Florists ; they
show somewhat the ditticulties with which we
have to contend, but Ave tliink need not be
considered discouraging.

I have been watching with interest your greenhouse
oiierations. I tried the same six or seven vears tifxo
but failed. I thought of course, being a t"lonst by
profession, I would encounter but few difficulties but
I soon found out in this as in some other tilings it
"was not all gold that glitters." I put a very large
swarm into my greenhouse which is 60 feet long.
When the sun shone brightly the bees would rush out
in great numbers, tire themselves against the glass,
fall down amongst the plants and die. I lost theni all
liefore spring. 1 have no doubt but the cold frame
will answer the jiurpose as stated by Mr. IJidwell. I
have put a few in one of mv cobl frames and will give
them a tly a f»»w times, and 1 think they will he all
right in the spring. But here let me caution bee-keep-
ers wlio are now trying and will try, this method i(f
wintering. It is not every one that can run a green-
house or even a cold frame ; this is a business by itself
and there are some things about it that cannot be
taught, but bv dear bought experience.

Geo. Thomi'SOS, Geneva, Kane Co., Ills. Dec. 12, '74.

Mr. root, Dear Sir :--Your interesting little paper
rec'd. and postal card saying i)robably I could be of
assistance to yon, but you 'dill not say "in what wav,
you said "sf*" Glean I AGS" so I looked but could see
nothing except it was in the matter of greenhouse.
If I could I should be very hajipy to do so— a few sug-
gestions though if they do coniefroni one that don't
know anything bees-niiglit not be amiss. In a ston;
in our liltle city, the pri)]i'r keeps a collection of llow-
ers in the window and in siniiig the bees come in
pretty thick and I iicmv knew of one to go out alive;

they always bump against the gP
theinselvcs. Now in my grccniK
very low and very few liees get
c()nsei|uently it would be natural
the glass was iierlVctly level overlu";
liltU^ if any loss. I would thenifori^
the roof of the room be seale<l o\
glass, the glass not to lap as in a s;lsli
using sash, for the <'eiling use stiips o
munting to be i)ainted two coiits and then van
this will make it very glossy and smooth as the gliT??!"
and a bee can't stick good on the undersidi^ of a Icm'I
piece of glass nor on the smooth varnished niuntiu}'.
Then 1 would have the si<le walls wliitcwashccl per-
fectly white which will rellcct tlu', heat anil make tlic
aiiartment more cheerful for the bei's, and the liglii,
will be so evenly distributed about the apart nu'nt that,
I doubt if any will fly upwards, even if they do tliev
can't tltick. ' Another thing, I wfuddn't ns*^ a ('oal
stove l\o heat with, it icill give otV gas in spile of all
you can do, it will kill plants and surely where iilants
can't live it isn't healthy for bees. The top sash of
your house should be made movable so you can lift
them oil' in early spring as soon as the bees can lly
and you can make them pay for themselves any year
by raising a few early tomato plants or starting some
suitable i)lants for pasturage. Lift one or two ciitnip
l)lants in the fall (<'r now) and jtot them; set in your
greenhouse and when they Ijlossom the bees will" feel
at home— seems to me I "could almost do it myself,
(conceited ! you say y)

If I have made one suggestion here that has assisted
you I have done a little, yet 1 have taken the liberty
to say a great deal for one that "don't know a honey
bee from a yellow jackeW'' W. T. Ai.an.

r. S.— How can I tell in tvintcr if a hive is well slock-
ed, (count the bees in a warm room f) I may start out
some day and buy a hive and I want to get "a good one
when I do.

Crescent Hill Gardens, Greenville, Pa. Dec. 1.5th, '74.

Very many thanks friends Thompson and
Alan. You do not know how acceptable these
letters have been. We will take up some cat-
nip plants this very day if the ground softens
stirticiently. We have onlj"^ wood in our stove,
but yet fear, that the heat given oft' isn't just
the thing. As the temperature never goes be-
low 40" even with no artiflcial heat we think
perhaps it will be as well to wait until Feb. or
March, before attempting to force them much.
If we were going to buy a swarm of bees friend
A., we should remove the tops of the hive, or
turn it over so that we could sec the combs,
whatever the weather was. If the colony is
good, bees should be seen between 5 or Granges
of comb, depending somewhat on the weather ;
when very cold the cluster is more densely
packed and consequently smaller.

Supposing you put a cui tain, beneath the glass in
vour "greenhouse," horizontally, made of gome cheap
kind of netting, musquito bay" or something of the
kind, made just so bees can't get through it, will it
not be an advantage ?

Ji,a Michenek, Low Banks, Jlonck Co., Ont., Can.

We used a curtain of thin Avhlte cotton cloth
thus, in our earlier experiments, and could see
no advantage further thati to obstruct the di-
rect heat of the sun and thus cool oft" the
apartment, in fact the bees seemed to cluster
on the cloth more readily than on the glass,
and they would hang there all night. VVitli
the glass horizontally, the}' never try to clus-
ter on it. but attach themselves to the sash.
We think friend Alan's plan just about what
is wanted. We at one time had concluded the
nearer the hives were to the glass the better,
and ticcordingly have them now on a shelf
within a foot or two of the sash, one is even
raised up within ii few inches. Our Quinby
hive on the contrary, in account of its size, was
placed on the ground away from the stish, and
the lamp nucleus is back under the north roof;
still these latter regain their hives just tis well
as tiny.

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

Jan.

COJ\VENTIO:VS, SjECTI KES ETC.

WILI^ TIIEY PAY?

W'lTHOUT doubt much that was valuable
was ])ro.ught forth by the N. A. B. Con-
vention, a report of which is to be found in the
Dec. No. of the B. K. M., and while we have
no wish to detract any thing from its merits,
or to intimate that it was in any way inferior
to large conventions generally, we would di-
rect the attention of practical Bee-Keei)ers to a
few points discussed. Adulteration of Honey
is certainly a great, but we cannot thinlv a
growing evil. The remedy is like that on all
other articles of merchandise, let proprietors of
canning establishments and dealers, purchase
only from parties of known integrity. This is
daily becoming more a necessity in all branch-
es of trade, not only to the consumer, but to
the jobbers. To succeed in any business a
reputation must be acquired, that is easily lost,
but only gained by real, honest effort. Show
up the dealers in artificial honey, butter, or
adulterated goods of any kind by all means,
and without mercy, but don't for a minute
tliink of waiting until "Paradise is restored"
to have the thing set right, To judge by the
reports, Mr. King was all through the conven-
tion hand in hand, with our old friend (and
sinner) Benedict, who advertises and sells
Queens reared on Kelley's Island and yet does
nothing of the sort. This same Benedict is on
a committee with Mr. King and Mrs. Tupper,
to decide a))out Diplomas for Queen rearers.
As they are to decide by the "looks" of the
Queens and bees only, we really hope Mr. King
will be able to tell, in this manner, which friend
Benedict rears on the Island and which he
does not, since his (Benedict's) word is good
for nothing in the matter. How about the
"Paradise" mattery Have Mr. King and Mrs.
Tupper no fear that they may get so "mixed
up" in bad company as to by some mistake get
taken along with them.

Dr. Ilusii had a secret to sell, viz : one tco-
spoonfiil of flacoriny Extract of Lemon to one
gallon, of lioney to prevent candying. This re-
ceipt cost liim fvJO.OO. Has not every one of
our readers at some time or other sutticiently
seen the folly of receipt selling, that we may
pa>.s the matter without comment, unless it be
to advise putting all in together with the Bee
Btiug remedies ?

In regard to "BidAvell's" method of winter-
ing, our Benedict seems to have solved the
Whole problem by declaring that the diseased
hi^•es may have a frame covered with musquito
bar placed over the combs, that when tlie
whole is carried into a warm room, they may
fly and void tlielr fa'ces, o)i tlie combx. When
hives have to be thus lugged about in the
winter or spring, and the ))ees compelled to
exist in this lllthy and unnatural manner, who
would not beg to retire from the l)usiness in
disgust. If Benedict did this way when on
the Island twelve miles from shore (it is only
four) is it any wonder that ford brood, got such
a hold there that it cannot 'l)e eradicated.

If it wti'e not for finding so much fault, we
Should also mention that this trio, Mr. King,
Mrs. Tupper and Benedict, decided that Iin-
portcd (Queens of late Avere a failure. What-
evt;r may have been the case with their imi)or-

tations (the latter probably referred to the
"Italy of America") we do know that those
brought by Adam Grimm, by Langstroth, and
recently by Nunn Bro's,— as honey gatherers —
were very much superior to our common stock
of yellow Italian Queens. Also, if any one of
our readers purchased one of the Nunn Bro's,
whose workers showed less than three yellow
bands, and whose "grand children" showed
none under any circumstances, we should be
pleased to hear from them. Whatever others
may have done, tlie Queens /iiruished by Grimm
and Nunn, at least, were pure and well worth
the expense, and diploma or no diploma the
"dollar" Queens sent out from our County
hereafter, will be all or nearly all reared from
genuine Imported Motliers. We sliall be sure
also that they are imported.

Now in regard to National Conventions and
expensive Lectures : In the Dec. No. of Am.
Agrictdturist, Walks and Talks on the Farm
writes: "If we could get at agricultural facts
by holding conventions, making reports, and
passing resolutions, we should soon place ag-
riculture on a scientific basis." Again, Daily
Rural Life says in Bural Neic Yorker of Dec. 5,

Of late, I have read a little but seen a great deal in
my agricultural i)ai)ers about

FAUMEUS' CONVENTIONS

held in vai-ious Western States, and at which there
has been much speech-making and stupendous re-
solves made to do great tliingb'. Perhaps the time
and money spent at these gatherings could not be jnit
to better "use ; but when reading the rei»orts of the
same, 1 cannot help thinking of my old neighbor who
got up every morning with a good resolution to do
something the next tlay, which of course never came.

Now is not this too much the case' in Bee
Culture V Grimm, Harbison, Capt. Hethering-
ton, and our greatest honey producers, in gen-
eral, seldom attend conventions ; perhaps be-
cause the}' would be crowded into the back
ground by "resolutions" etc., if we may be
pardoned for the suggestion.

Suppose wc wanted to know just how Har-
bison secured his groat crop. Which would
be best for all parties ; to have him come to
some convention and give an address, or to
have some Journal pay him for his time for
making out a careful report of his seasons op-
erations? Which would be worth most to
bee-keepers, to have lus address, or to have a
printed copy to read over during the season,
as the successive points came up? Above all,
which would be least expensive to a host of
novices who usually have but little money to
waste ?

The matter of engaging lecturers at a con-
siderable expense comes right in liere. It cer-
tainly is a pk^asure to see and listen to the
persons themselves. W^e might have decided
to pay $5, or even $10 to hear Dickens read,
what we had often read before ; but will this
sort of thing pay in the i)resent stage of Bee
Culture? How many have we who are com-
petent to undertake the task ? If there were a
single man, or woman either, in America, who
could tell us how to take our colonies through
the winter as safely as we do through the sum-
mer months, we should say send him along by
all means ; until such a one is found, had we
not l)etter wait awhile?

AVhen it was intimated that Mr. Clarke him-
self was open to such an engagement, it oc-
curred to us as (|uestionalik' whether one who
could make such an "ado" about a single bee

1875

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

wtiiijr (see pajios 70, 71 and 93, of A. B. ,/., Vol.
3>,) was lilted for a lecture on Bce-Keepinjj: at
A\\\. We have a high respect for Mr. Clarke's
talents and worth, but luis he had sullicient
j>r(ictu-<d experience among tlie bees themselves "/
3Iany of our readers are familiar with the
blunder Agassiz made when he attempted to
tell how l)ees made comb, (sec Vol. 1, page 43,
<TLEANiNt;s) and it seems that our world re-
nowned Tjndall, who not only attcmps to di-
vine from where we came, but where we are
tending, has recently- tried hin hand at "comb
making." He, wisely atlmits that bees do not
stand insuk' the cells to work, but makes al-
most as bad a blunder, in saying: "The bees
place them selves at e«iual distances apart up-
on the wax, sweep and excavate — " etc. Now
if Tyndall is teaching us other things In the
same way, i. e., delivering lectures on some
*<ubject on which he knows nothing, how much
can we depend on any thing he says. Oh why
could not he and Agassiz, before attempting to
explain the matter to the people, take the time
to get a hive of real live bees, as did Durwin,
and not be ol>liged to take any thing at second
hand. If they tir-o were afraid of stings, au}'
expert honey raiser could attbrd them the fa-
cilities for a safe observation and tluis prevent
their going into such folly, or falsehood to call
things by their right names, for 1 hey pretended
to have knowledge where they had none.
Take the Dwney mid buy a him of bees all ye that
that thirst for knowledge, and take it direct
from God's own works, instead of receiving it
second hand.

For particulars in regard to the North Pole,
or as to whether the planet Jupiter is inhabit-
able, we may be ol)liged to listen to those who
know better than we do, but in our own in-
dustry no such necessity exists, for a swarm of
bees is within the reach of all.

lATRODlCIIVG QUEENS.

A STOUV WITH A MOKAL.

ST^ RIEXD "XOVICE" :— I don't know as there i-s

5\~' anytliing' for nie to write about, and yet in spite
._j ofotir siiort acquaintance, 1 feel lilie indulging
in a little ^'o.^.sip witli you. You seem to be ijuite ami-
able wiien tormented liy imiuisitive people, so I
llionght 1 would question you a little, i'racticallj' I
am a "green horn" at the bee business, and yet I have
been reading bee literature lor a dozen yeais, but was
not situated until now, so that I could handle bees,
l^ast June I bought a swarm of black bees from a box
hive, hiving these in an "American." They went to
work with a good will building nice straight combs,
and not seeming to mind my iuquisitiveness for I had
them ojien and the Irames out nearly every ilay, yet
they were soon strong in bees and honey. My neigh-
bor" Mr. Spear, in July rec'd a nice Italian Queen
from Theo. G. 3IcGaw, and as he has only one band
( o work with, asked me to assist him in introducing.
His hive was an "American" and the colony had been
tjucenless since the '20th of June, the date on which
it sent out a swarm. We caged her royal highness in
the hive for twenty four hours, then took out frames
till we came to the brood nest, and I held the mouth
of the cage .as I thought close enough to the comb, but
when slie came out instead of going on the comb she
liew into tlie air. Well we felt pretty^ blue, but con-
<duded to call this lesson No. 1, and alter some delay
during which the frames stood around "pi-omiscuous-
ly," we cloaed the hive and wrote to friend Theodore
for another Queen, whidi came the following day.
When all was readj- we tried it again, and this tinie
you may rest assured she went on the combs. The
bees received her well, fed her, and she deposited
eggs, t>ut in about one hour we had a Royal cori)se
lying in front of the hive. This was lesson No. 2, and
"we boys" were not ready to "recite" either.
Well, a consultation was held, the result of which

was, we sent immediately for two more (Queens. They
were not furnished for some ten days, but on July :Wth
tliey made their appearance, and witli a determina-
tion to succeed, or break a trace, we iccnl for that hive.
And— well we could "spell" in lesson No. 2, for there
was a <iuantity <'i' brood in all stages. The teadiing
of the lesson is, never put a IJueen into a liive taking
it for granted there is no CJuecn already there, bu;
know there is none. We 0])ened anothi^r hive and suo
ceeded in introducing her Majesty witlioul dilliculiy,
but the strange part of the story is to come. In diio
time handsome Italians maile their appearance in tlie
first hive, increasing in numbers rajiidly, and llie
conclusion we came to was that when the lirst (^ueen
escaped she settled on one of the combs whicli was
setting outside, and was returned to tlie hive with the
frame. One day about the middle of Sept., Mr. Spej.r
told me the hive was producing black bees. We matio
an examination of the hive and found a fine large
black t^ueen in possession of the premises and slie
still continues to usurp authority. Now tliis was alter
all swarming was over, there being no lioney to gath-
er, and after racking my brains, and tryinj; to look
and talk "wise," I confess I can't tell wliere the Ital-
ian Queen went to, and where the black one came
from, can you ?

The fourth Queen I undertook to introduce into my
own hive, after caging her in it for over forty eigli't
hours, but the bees hugged her and Mr. Spear reached
in and took her out with a handful of bees but before
we could get her separated from them, one vicious
imp gave her a sting. I sent for another, leaving the
hive Queenlcss. It did not come for over a week, and
in the mean time I fed the bees eight lbs. of sugar
syrup, slowly to imitate natural honey gathering and
they received her gladly, and are now as pretty a col-
ony of Italians as I ever saw. The lesson learned
here was, that it was not safe for a greenhorn to un-
dertake to introduce a Queen when there was no
honey gathering.

This yarn has spun out pretty long, but you had
better not get discouraged, for 1 have a lot more stuj^'
I want to tell you and will in all i)robabiliy trouble
you again. W. O. Atkinso.n.

P. S. — I have several hives now and if I have sense
enough to care for them expect to have manv more.

Vermont, Ills. Dec. 6th, 1874.

If you continue to reason and practice as
cogently as above we think you soon will have
ifj'ou have uot already, "sense enough." We
earnestly commend the "lessons," not only to
novices, but to veterans as well. You were
certainly inexperienced or you would have
watched for the Italian Queen to return instead
of giving up. Whenever a Queen takes wing
without the bees, keep still and await her re-
turn. She will almost invariably soon return
to the very spot where she left. Without a
doubt some weak colony starved out in Aug.,
ellected an entrance into the hive and in the
combat, the Italian Queen came out vanquish-
ed. This has many times happened.

■^K «»» ^

PROBI.EIVI NO. 38.

1

fiS swarming a natural impulse and does it afl'ect
I bees in June and July independent of condition ?

I want the ojiinion of your correspondents on this
question. Gko. Thompson, Geneva, Ills.

Our opinion is that food, proper temperature,
etc., Avill induce the swarming fever at any
season, although we cannot prove it by exper-
iment as yet.

ANSWER TO PROBLEM 26.

{This Problem wax numbered 25 by mistake on page

193 last JVo.]

In conducting a series of experiments in wintering
bees two years ago this winter, I deprived one swarm
entirely of pollen giving them perfectly dry combs.
The bees were wintered successfully but reared no
brood until I gave them combs with pollen when they
began immediately to till the combs with brood.
They were witliout pollen in all about three and one
hall months. M. E. McMasteks, Shelbyville, Mo.

son TION' OF I-UOISLKM NO. 25.

I am a great hand to experiment— I have sacrificed
many colonies of bees in that way. Many a bee,

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

Jak,

drone and Queen have I dissecteil for my microscope;
but at last coiicliiiled it would not ]n\y and had almost
flecidcd not to exjieriment more, liut when your
I'rolilem No. '25 came out I thought I Avould try to
^solve it for mv satisfaction, and as the result may be
of some benelit I jrive it to von below:

I made luo arlilicial swarms by the driving process
and i)btced them in a room arranged for the purpose ;
frave them nothing- but water for three days so I would
be certain thcv woulil have used all the honey taken
durinirswarm'in-,'. Before feeding sutcutallthe combs
they had made— Fed No. 1 with one llj. brown sugar
nia(le into s^ rup and No. 2 with one lb. white sugar
also made into svru)). No. 1 gave 81 square inches ot
comb and No. 2,"3U sfiuare Inches— Reversed the teed-
ingandNo. 1 gave 3(5 inches andNo. 3, "-2 inches— Fed
boih with 1 11). honev and got from No. 1,2') inches and
from No. 2, 20 inches-No. 1, had 5% lb. bees and No.
2. 6!4 lbs. You will judge and see by the above which
gives the most wax. The 2.5 inches of comb weighed
1 ounce and its average thickness 1 'u inch. Judging
fi-om that it would take Ki lbs. of honey to make 1 lb.
of wax. The 81 inches comb weighed 2 l-KJ ounces.
No pollen given in any shape. During the fecMling
process the Queen lai(t but a few eggs and when 1
took the combs out all those hatched seemed to be
dead. [Just as thev always do without pollen.— Kd.]

I was myself asto'ni-heirthat the brown sugar should
have given more than the white, but after reversing
the feedins I was convinced. My opinion is that the
molasses contained in brown sugar has something to
do with It ; am 1 right? This would be an interesting
fjuestion to solve and would be of great benelit and
economy for feeding Itccs should it prove as good as
sugar, as molasses is cheaper, would not crystalize,
and would not require the manipulation that sugar
does. But I am afraid that molasses would cause
tlysentery, judging from some one's report I saw, I
don't remember exactly where; though my bees feed
around sugar houses liere for tliree months of the
year— I am surrounded by sugar houses and I never
saw thte disease.

After obtaining the result sent you I put the bees
back into their previous hives.

Paul Viai.lon, Bayou Goula. La. Nov. 27th, 1874.

Gleanings in Bee Culture,

Publislictil MontBily,

EDITORS AND PROPRIETORS

MEDINA, OHIO.

'rerixis : 7 5c. Fev Aniixim.

\_Including Postage.']
• For Club Rates see Last Page.

"gone heavy," against something or other, we hope
you will excuse it, hoping M'ith us, that she may soon
be able to lireside again as usual.

is/rETDiisr.A^, j-.A.isT_ 1, is-rs.

bTiCKH B, D, in the honey box, are just b}i inches
long. Wc forgot to say so in the ])roper place.

A. B. J. for Dec, was on hand in good time ; Maga-
zine on the 14th, and World on the ISth. Those who
take all three, will have "Reports of the Convention"
"right smart."

Dk. J. P. H. BkoVvn, of Augusta, Ga., sends us one
of the neatest and most exjjlicit circulai-s in regard to
Queens, bees and implements, we have yet seen.
Without doubt liis locality gives him a great advan-
tage for Ciiieen rearing.

Editoiis of the Bee World have given us better rates
than at first, which enables us to club with them at
same rates of ^. B. J. ; see club rates. All those who
have sent us $2.0'0 for both, or tfri.OO for all, can have
the 35c back if they will notify us. All tlie Bee Jour-
nals now for :iH..'JO ])ost-paid.

In the absence of P. G. on account of sickness, the
wliole of the Editorial woi-k of this No. has devolved
on Novice. If he hasnow and then mixed his ^ch.vc.s, or

In our recent price list we omitted to mention tha
very convenient implement in the Apiaiy, the Wax
Extractor, price ^im. For description see Apr. No. of
Vol. 2. Also Bee veils for the timid ones, price 75c,
the only i)rotection we can recommend. Gloves and
mittens of any kind are Avorse than useless.

W^iiAT does possess our exchanges that induces them
to keep jiublishing such nonsense as the little item
now going the rounds, entitled "Pruning Broods,^'' and
credited to the British Bee Journcd. If any such Jour-
nal exists, will some one be so kind as to send us a
cojiy, or an advertisement of it. Bee Culture is not
Greek or Latin, and if pajjers wanting matter of that
kind would get it from some practical Apiarist In
their own vicinity they would stand a much less
chance of being considered fossils of a bye-gone age.

We have procured some Glucose for examination
It is astliick as honey, but is not near as sweet; im-
agine a thick solution of gum-arabic, with sweetish
taste and a flavor a little like sugar cane, and you
have it. Mixed with honey it would undoubtedly pass
very well in cities. We are told a Chicago honey
dealer— we don't know which one- has purchased 27000
lbs., at a cost of about 4c ])er lb. Those who know all
about it evidently proi)ose to let him get it all retailed
out. There certainly can be no trouble in getting jnire
honey nowadays if any one is very anxious to have it.

Wiiv, Novice, what an agreeable surprise you gave
us, to be sure, with the "-Present!" I never dreamed
of so good a present. It is the very best one you could
have sent. A thousand thanks.

W. M. Kellog, Oneida, Knox Co., Ills.

We are very glad indeed to hear that our little "jires-

ent" has pleased so manj'. As Jan. 1st is passed, we

will hereafter send it on the same terms as the Litlio-

graph viz : to any one sending us one name besides

their own, leaving j^ou to choose which you prefer, or

it will be seat to all who subscribe for 1876, dui-ing

the present vear.

' * ♦ • —

Were Conventions all as productive of good as
those held in York State and Michigan, we might be
induced to change our views in regard to their utility.
We are under obligations to Secretary Burch for pro-
ceedings of the latter given in the Kalamazoo Tele-
graph of Dec. 17th, and 18th. The whole would well
merit a place in our Journal, but we have onlj' room
for a few comments. Did they not overlook the great
good that would accrue by having the number of sizes
•of frames reduced to, say about five instead of live
hundred or more, as is the case at pi-esent, even should
we be obliged to admit one universal standard, an
impossibility? In other words decide definitely just
the outside dimensions of a Langstroth, Quinby,
American, Gallup and Adair. If our attempts in this
direction are not correct, set us right before we go
farther.

Feeding to Stimulate brood rearing: (|uito contra-
dictory statements were made in this matter, some of
them so nearly aiq)roaching harshness (although wc
liope not so intended) that on this as well as some
other matters, wc feel like advising the combatants to
droj) the matter until they can experiment, some warm
si)ell when no luuiey is coming in.

Although the meoling com]irised a large number of
our keenest intellects as well as successful Apiarists,
their oi)inions remind us much of a ])ilo of valuable
letters on our table. T^argo, and small hives; perfect-
ly closed, and well ventilated hrney boards; deep and

1875

ULEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

shallow frames ; keeping bees warm, and keeping them
"f^old ; outdoor and indoor wintering; liorizontal and
two-story hives, etc,, etc., are all most ably defendeil,
and then in ihc next as stoutly denounced. These let-
ters, nearly all of them, richly merit a place in these
rages. Wlial shall we do? SVill it not bo as well to
advise von to go home and go to work, each on his
■"own iH't iirineiple:-'" when you can secure such croi)s
as Harbison, (irimin. Hetherington, and his neighbors,
we will publish your letters with jileasure. In the
ineanlime ?re kmlir vou will excuse us for niakinu' you
give place to the following letters. Wont you :■'

BEAU Mr. Editor of "Glkanings":— The object
of mv addressing these lines is to inform you
that hiy sister, Maggie ami 1, have become bee-
keepers on oiir own account. I'erhajjs it has been
known to vou before that neither my sister nor I live
•with our dear jKipa in Jefl'erson, anymore. It was in
the year 1874 that we both came to Green Bay to start
n new home with our kim.l husbJinds.

After expressing our desire to try bee-keeping, fath-
er sent us. in the month of May, 1874, 17 colonies,
which arrived here safely, and we found them all in a
fair condition. We placed them in their permanent
locations in the rear part of the lots on which our
<lwelliug houses are situated, which we found to be
much more convenient than to kee)) them away from
home, since we both attend to our household attairs
without anv help.

We feel hai>py to t«ll you that our husbands were
•well pleased with our new undertaking, and helped us
•;dl they could when their business would allow it. We
<^lid not intend to increase our bees to more than 25
colonies, so we examined them all closely each week
>ind disturbed the ijueeu cells of those w'hich we did
not consider loo strong for one colony. We put boxes
wn some of them, anil others we workeil witii the ex-
tractor. Our expectations were indeed very small,
.since other bee-keepers here had very poor success
lor a number of years, but now please hear of our re-
sult.

We extracted (iOO j)ouuds of nice white honey, and
took 3uu pounds more in caps. Extracted honey sold
4or "JO to i") cents per pound, and cap honey for 25 cents
l)er pound, gross ; in short, the honey we sold came to
$190, and we have enough left for our owu use. Our
expenses were only ^W, as our father was kind enough
to send us the hives, boxes and double hives for tne
•whole season. It left us SlCO, or fiso for each. We feel
greatly encouraged with such a success, and intend to
increase our stocks as much as we safely can another
year.

Our bees winter well so far. They are quietly en-
joying their winter sleep, and we are all anxiously
waiting lor the warm sun of spring, when we can hear
our little bees humming around us again.

Mas. H. GiESKLKK, nee Katie Guim.m,

Green Bav, Wis., Dec. 22d, 1874.

KEPOKT FKOM CAFT. SIETHJEKINGTOW

I rpi::?SRS. A. I. ROOT & CO.:-Your letter asking
Vq! for a report of my present seasons' honey
•*!* crop duly received." I take pleasure in comply-
ing Willi your request. A part of my bees are manag-
ed by others. Total amount of honej' made by bees
managed by myself, box, 19,907 lbs., extracted, 3,150.
This was Irom 284 stocks in the si)ring, increased to
;i70 in the fall. Total from stocks managed by others,
427 in the spring, increased to (J77 stocks in the fall;
box 22,701, extracted 11,717 ; making in all, from (i(jl
ttocks in the spring increased by lall to 1,047, total
box honey 42,(508 lbs., total extracted 14,867 lbs., grand
total 57.475 lbs. 1 now have in winter quarters 1,172
.stocks, in good condition. We have added to our num-
ber this fall by purchase. We use the Quinby hive
mostly, the fe'wlhat are not are made of straw, made
.-^o as io box convenientlv. J. E. Hetukkington.
Cherry \'alley. N. Y., Dec. 18th, 1874.

REPORT FIfiOIW P. H. EEWOOD.

Also SOJIETIIIKG ABOUT iMETALCOKNEllS,* Q. HIVES.

B^f'iRIEXD XOVIOE :— We commenced the season of
PfJ^ 1874 with 175 colonies. One-half were in /air
%^ condition, the remainder «ere weak. Nearly
iO lost Iheir queens before the 1st of June. The spring
was so severe, th(! 1st of 3Iay being one of stormy
winter, that we put 10 of our weakest swarms into
lamp nurseries. Although successful in rearing brooil

in these, we have since concluded that there is a bet-
ter and easier way. \V(> are not converts to the cfild-
frunu^ S3 .stem for "winter, and tldnk bees should be ke|)t
jierfcctly (pilet during cold weather, and that stimu-
lating for brood rearing should \iot commence until
settled warm weather in [in- spring, when a whole
hiv(! full of brood may be reared at a less cost of ))ees.
than a few s<|uare inches earlier in the season. Ami
tlu^ direct ravs of the sun, we think, may be so used as
to furnish all the stimulating necessary. A y(!ar ago
last sprinj; I bought a fine lot of bees that had been
buried in the ground six months, A montli lat<'r they
were as strong as when set out, because the weather
being warm, they were able to care for a large amount
of brood, and for every old bee used up a young fine
was readv to take its ])lace. Problem: How fast do
colonies increase in strength, when for every bee rear-
ed two others lay down their lives ?

The fore part of the season was very wet and there
was veri/ little white clover honey gathered. Basswood
vielded well, but with considerable dad wgather.
IJuckwheat was a failure, so our surplus was nearly
all basswood. Our strong swarms gave about 100 lbs.
when boxed, or 200 lbs. if extracted. The following
ligures show quality and price at railroad station :

4,929 lbs. white, 2 comb box at 28c. gross, Sl,277.ti0
2,230 " mixed, "• " 20c. " 440.00

9,900 " extracted, 15c. 148.50

$1872.10

Total 17,050.

Some of the extracted was sold at home.

The total would have figured up at least .500 lbs. more
before feeding to till up piece boxes. We have put up
during the last three years over four tons of extracted
honey in glass fruit jars, and when sealed up at a tem-
l)erature ot from 140° to 150° liave had no complaints of
candying. There is no excuse for doctoring honey to
prevent granulation and such a proposition ought'not
to have been entertained by a nationalconvention of
bee-keepers. (Conlimtcd y'ext Month.)

CAEIFORIVIA.

LETTER FKOM J. S. HARBISON, TO
G. F. ME RIM AM. TOPEKA, KAN.

Newcastle. Pa. Nov. 28th. 1874.

BEAR SIR :— Yours of Nov. 9tli, has been for ward-
) ed to me here. I have been East for some
weeks and will remain for some time yet.

In reply to jour enquiries, would say that California
ofl'ers very fair inducements for ])ermanent homes but
it takes both Capital, time and much labor, to secure
or make such a home as we find in the Eastei-n or even
Western Stfttes. There is good "raw material" out of
■which to hew homes. You ask me to name some
points that I deem favorable for getting locations. If
jdenty of capital I would name Almeda, Santa Clara,
or Napa Counties as being near San Francisco, and
ofl'ering all the advantages of markets etc. They arc
very ciioice Counties for fruit etc.. bitt only fair for
bee-keeping. For cheap and good lands I am not well
posted, but have heard Merced, Stanislaus ami Inyo
Counties named as being good places to settle, etc.

For some tropical fruits Los Angelos, Santa Barba-
ra, and San Bernardino Counties are being filled up
quite raiiidly. These counties are good for bee raising.
San Diego i.-, also a good county for bees but the most
desirable ranges are now occupied and at a very early
date the business will be overdone, I mean overstock-
ed. I went there when there were no bees in the Co.
but my opperations attracted the attention of the pub-
lic and general rush has been the result ; loss to many
will sui'ely follow. There are as good ranges for bees
in the above counties as in San Diego. The bee belt
is very narrow, extending along the granite range of
mountains, back a distance of from 20 to 35 miles from
the Ocean. Thus every thing has to be hauled, both
supplies etc., as well as product. Then it is a most
lonesome life to be isolated, miles away from any
neighbors in the deep gorges or canons in the moun-
tains. It is costly as well, and to reside thus with fam-
ilies is not agreeable, particularly to families.

A very busy business and a toilsome one is success-
ful bee-keeping in California. The story of 500 lbs.
l)er hive, is jierhaps true of an isolated case; 50 lbs.
of good marketable honey is a large average of the
general run of Aidaries. " I have done much better it
is true, but the secret is I have a set of trained men
and work with ample ca))ital and thus am able to
make a fair jirofit where those new to tlie business
(and all are lu'w who have not had a training in Cali-
fornia) could not make bee-keeping iiay. I would be
glail to b(! able to ^ive you more (U'llinili! information,
but I have traveled so Tittle in Calilornia that I have
to give you some hearsay as well as a little experience.

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

Jan

I have many letters of a similar character to yours
to answer and have Ijut limited time to. give tliem
attention, etc.

^E have received samples of jarreu hon-
t/uf cy from Jesse H. Lippincott, Pittsl)urg,
Pa., that arc much ahead of auything in the
line we have before seen. It is put up in 1 11).
tumblers, and 1 and 3 lb. jars, and is made
perfectly clean and secure by verj' heavy tin
foil caps. Besides we had the pleasure of
tastintr a jar of Harbison's great crop of San
Diego Mountain honey, and notwithstanding
what Mr. King says in regard to it, we all un-
hesitatingly 'Novice, Mrs. N., P. G. — or Presi-
d'/if/ Gc'tiiux, her name is too long to spell it all
out every time— ,aud last of all Blue Eyes ; her
opinion on all sweet things, by the way, is heavy
testimony in our ranch) pronounce it
Avithout exception the tinest honey we have
tasted. It luis a peculiar mild flavor, almost
suggestive of mountains, and yet we think it
one that we would never tire of. Of the two
samples, Extracted and Comb honey, we could
distinguish no difference. We heartily wish
we could give you all a taste.

Mr. Tweed also sent us a sample of Blue
Thistle honey, and one of the plants. The hon-
ey will compare favorably l)oth in color and
taste with Clover honey. But what perhaps
Will interest us all most, is Mr. Harbison's
Honey box, or honey frames. We wall trj- and
describe it. Small frames, with close fitting
sides and top, are placed together so as to make
a box of any desired length. Will it not be
well in making these frames, to adopt one uni-
form size Y wiiere no good reason demands a
different one, we suggest Harbison's which is
as follows :

c

The sides and top, A, B, C, are all made of
t)ine ?8 thick and 1-^y wide. The bottom bar
D, is a stick -^fj square, nailed in with one cor-
ner downward; A, and C, are nailed into the
end of B, and D, with suitable brads. A, and
C, are just Gk, inches long, and have a notch
or rabbet 1-1(5 "deep by % wide cut in the out-
side of each as shown in the figure. When a
num])er of these sections are placed side by
side, thin strips of wood laid in these notches,
and tacked slightly into the end sections, holds
all together, the spaces l)etwcen the bottom
square pieces, admit the bees with every conve-
nience. One great advantage of these boxes,
is the fiicility afforded for cutting out the comb,
to be put in glass jars, and on tins account, we
would try and jtrocure enough empty comb for
a small guide in each frame; any other guide
Is in the way in cutting out the honey nicely.
If tlie comb can be secured accurately in each
frame, they will be very nice for retailing.
Glass may be used in the end sections or not,
as desired and the sections can be shipped all
together as they come from the hive. They
are easily broken apart, and can be (luickly
emptied and returned to the Apiarist. Thanks

are due friend Tweed for the sample section, as
as well as for many other favors. We take
pleasure in saying that the house of J. H. Lip-
pincott, with which he is connected are both
able and ready to do all they promise in regard
to buying or selling honey. These sections
should be made for about fl.OO per hundred by
the quantity. P. S. — Notches are 25/g from top.

Pertaining tro Bee diltnre.

[We respectfully solicit the aid of our friends in
con<lncting this (k'liartmcnt, and would consider it
a favor to have them send us all circulars that have
a deceptive appearance. The greatest care -will be at
all times maintained to prevent injustice being done
any one]

MITCHELL has recently paid a visit to
Lindsay, Sandusky Co., O., and succeed-
ed in getting $30.00 for "teaching a class" in
bee culture ; the instruction was all given in a
single lesson occupying only one hour and a
half. The '"great secrets" were printed, and he
had left them at hoiue but agreed to send them
to each pupil (?) by mail, and that was the last
of Mitchell, but the $;30.00 was gone safe and
sure. This "class" contained several who had
formerly taken Gleanings, but they had lost
their bees so badly in the winter and spring of
'74 that they thought it wouldn't pay to take
it anv longer. Economy certainly in a tine
thingi but liow about the'i^BO.GOV

Mr. IJeneilict thoiiglit in the spring that he shoidd
come liere to raise tjueens but did not. From his in-
quiries I Ihouglit if he did, he exiiected to remove or
destroy all the diseased stocks. Mr. N. C. Mitchell
also wrote he would come here and raise (jueens but
he dill not. Said also he should want to have control
of my bees to insiu-e against contamination.

CiiAS. Cakpentek, Kelley's Island, O.

Several patent hive circulars have been sent
us, asking us to show them up, but we hardly
think it worth while to particularize them, as
our readers should all of them be able to decide
by this time that we have no occasion to pay
any one, for the right, to make anything about
a bee lave. The wrong these parties do, is in
trying to make out that you must buy their
"riglits" before you use their devices. Since
friend Muth and others have shown the advan-
tage of straw, chaff etc., as absorl)ents, the
patent men have "trotted" out hives with long
testimonials for wintering safely out doors.

Says the Rural JVcin Yorker of Dec. IStli :

Listen to a patent right vender, if you want to, or to
a dealer in clothes, or to a peddler oi' wonderful fruits
illustrated with highly colored pictures— listen pa-
tiently, say nothing, and linally, when he has reached
the cl'inia.v of his i)eroration and wants you to invest,
Khaki' j/oKr hntd. Don't oiien your mouth; say noth-
ing; tliink wliatxdu cluidse, but shake your head and
jioiiit lo the door as a idace of exit fur such fellows.
Uon't get into an argument with them ; don't ask any
i|uestions ; let your eyes twinkle as much as Ihey will ;
but shake olV the wool they arc atteniiitiiig to (lull over
your eyes by shaking your" ln-ad Ihudv , digniliedly and
decisivi'ly. "'I'liis reciiie has proved, in more than one
case, to IJc decidedly elVective, and if acted upon will
soon save many a rea<ler more than the cost of a year's
subscription to" the Kukal Nkw-Y<)kkei{.

Our sentiments exactly, and if it were only
followed u]), such oily tongued scamps would
be absolutely driven to earning a living hon-
estly as other folks do. i^atent hive men have
almost ceased (yyiiKj to teach bee culture of
late. Whvisitv"

1875.

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

5

3ffc^sicl;titf of Cfi*5iiil.|,

FROM DIFFERENT FIELDS,

1

EAU NOVICE:— I iim working now on the prob-
5)) Icni (ifiiirreasin!? my bees next summer, witli
'' oiilv a (lav or two at a time, some « or 10 times.
1 liardlv know "whetluT it is best to hiive eadi colony
Jjuilii combs iMioiigh to 1111 a secoiul .story, and 1111 both
l)oJore making new colonies, or make new colonies
Hirst, and liave both working on the comb building.
iVrom mv expoiinients I am satlslied if I could bo home
to attenil to it, I could furnish them at least half the
vax for their comb, but I can't have the time, so must
3et tliem make all the wax. I was in liopcs you woulil
have been readv before this to put on tlie market mer-
<'hantablc coinb founilatious. 1 am not certain but
thin sheets of wax, without any indentations, if jtro))-
■orlv preiiareil, are just as good as any.

t'an voii tell any thing about the culture of catnip?
Shall it \)V sown broad cast and left to grow as a weed ?
Or shall it be sown in drills with room to cultivate
with a horse, between the rows ? How much seed will
ji .square ixxl or any given space require ? Or is the
Jjcst way to scatter seed i)i-omiscuously in fence rows,
•and waste places?

C. ('. MiLLEK, Chicago, Ills. Dec. 2nd, 1874.

If .s\varnni)j>: could be prevented and drone
comb building avoided, perluip.s the former
method would give most comb. All things
considered however, especially if you have fall
jiasturage, and desire surplus combs Ave think
you had better divide them as soon as they are
strong enough to admit of it safely. Will
friend Nevins give us some more detinite di-
rections for the culture of Catnip, especially
raising plants to bloom the same season ?

Mr. J. R. Gardener, of Christiansburg, Va.,
Is the only person we know of who succeeds
with artiticial comb foundations. We suc-
ceeded in getting the bees to use them partial-
ly, but it took too much time to fasten the
foundations in the frame etc. Bees can work
cheaijer than we can.

There are but few men interested in bees in this
County and great prejudice exists against improved
iiives and Italian bees, charging my Italians with
being the cause of the death of their bees.

I'EUKV Daniel, Springhills, Champaign Co,, O.

Take courage friend D., they have accused
our l>ees ot the same thing, and backed up
their assertions by saying they knew they were
ours because they had flour on Uiem. We had
been feeding meal to all the bees in the vicini-
ty gratuitously, and because they died after-
wards, it was all laid to the Italians. This
was some time ago, they are learning better
now.

TRIEXD NOVICE :— I have ma<le a foot power bu/.z
saw, it works well. I have kept bees for eight years
l>ast. 1874 has been the best season for honey out of
the eight. Wintered 7 swarms out of 9 last winter on
summer stands. Houace Eibbi', Lewiston, Maine,

Have just housed my bees. I secured but .350 lbs.

cxt'd honey, and 200 lbs. box honey, from 45 swarms.

William Tkoveu, Annawan, Henry Co., Ills.

But w^e want to know more a])out this, friend
T. If an apiary of 45 colonies, average less
than 121^ lbs. fjer colony, and with an extract-
or too, Ave fear either j'ou or the bees haven't
tried very hard.

Bees swarmed freely but gave little box honey,
.some filled one box, others not any. Old Geauga "is
not a bee count}'. They are never known to till more
than two boxes'in one season.

W. McBkide, Chardon, O.

But, begging your pardon friend B., it is the
bee-keeper, not the County. Ten years ago it
was generally said that since the country was
cleared up, no honey Avas to be had about here,

and bees Avere voted unprofitable. We now
think that there is lioney to be had every sea-
son, if we only have the utroiicj I'olonieH in time
to gather it. See reports in our back Nos.
Great yields are reported from all quarters
occasionally, and the most successful seem to
l)e coming to the conclusion all around that
honey is everyAvhere if it is only collected.

My bees all died in the winter of '7'2 and *73. I think
they hail gathered lioney dew. They Avere heavy in
stores. June 1S7;5, bought a box hive and increased to
15; wintered them in a clam)), lost 3 in the spring, ect
them up to .'{5 this summer, and 600 lbs. ext'd honcv.
They are clamiicd again, in clay land, they came out
as dry as when they went in!^ My cellar is dami).
There is a yelloAV llower that grows"in the wet marsu,
a kind of sjjanish needle that yields honey plentitully
in Aug. and Sept., of an amber color, rniliau hemj>
and milk weed both catch the bees feet. I have seen
it. Both yield funny tasting honey.

Jas. McLaY, Madison, Wis.

Is it not amazing, that our friends build up
up so rapidly after their losses i* If Ave arc
making progress in no other direction, Ave cer-
tainl}' are learning to "pick up" ()uickly.
Fifteen from one in a season, is about the
greatest on record, if friend M. really means
he did that.

Mk. ROOT, Dear Sir:— I am well pleased Avith the
two Vol's of Gleanings, but think I will not take it
the coming year. I am in fear 1 Avill get too wise, and
try diflerent ])lan8 and perhaps some that would not
Avork so well as my shed with the curtain arrange-
ment to it.

D. N. Kern, Shimersville, Lehigh Co., Pa.

There noAV ! Ave have certainly lost one of
our old friends, and Avith a true manly frank-
ness he tells us Avhy. We are getting "too
Avise" and too many "ucav plans." We don't
"plead guilty" to the former, but really fear
you may be right in the latter, friend K. Do
you really mean to bid us "good by foreA'erV"
Who knoAVs but Ave may "sAving round" to the
"shed Avith the curtain to it," finally. We haA-e
a kind of feeling that aa'C shall see you again
sometime after all, but in any event, we can
say heartily "long may you live and prosper,"
and may you continue to be as frank with all,
as you have been Avith us.

Bees did very well here last spring, until the drouth
set in, then thev ate up most of this honey. 1 hail
new swarms till their hives Avith honey in three
Aveeks. Have kept bees for eight years and never
lost a swarm from any kind of disease. Hives stand
out all t^e time. Sun Flowers, after the seed is
threshed out make excellent feeders. Fine wire in
front of a bee hat answers better than a veil as it ena-
bles one to see better, stands out from the face and is
cooler. Bees like vinegar Avith their syrup, say a
spoonful to a pint.

C. H. English, Sullivan, Franklin Co., Mo.

Did you ever ! Sunflowers ! There friend Mil-
ler ; raise a field of them for your bees — they
are excellent for honey — Avhon the honey is all
collected and flowers are dry. thresh out the
seed (can't it be ground into meal or "some-
thing" to feed them, winters'?) dip them in
melted Avax and there's your artificial comb,
strong, light, etc. If it "Avorks" thank Mr.
English.

AVe hardly agree about the Avire cloth, all
that we have ever tried, obstructs vision much
more than the Brussels Net, that we use. We
are aAvare that bees like vinegar. IIoav many
of our lady readers have seen them "go for"
sweet pickles'? But is there no danger of its
making them unhealthy, as cider does '? We
should fear it.

10

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

1875

Mv be.ps arc all right so far. In Sept. they filled ev-
ery comb full of honey of a rank, ijcculiar flavor, but
do not know what from.

J. H. Ckiuulk, Na.shville, Tenn. Dec. 8th, 1874.

Mk. root, Dear Sir :— You spoke of Mr. Axtell be-
ing patient and strong or he would have comolained
of the Peabody extractor. He has used it but little, 1
used it myself, I extracted four lifths of all the lioney
wo have taken this summer. I had the extractor fas-
tened to the floor by the side of my lounge ; 1 could
uncap and extract as fast as he could take out the
combs. It seems almost impossible to get hired help
who are willing to work with bees, and those who are
-willing can hardly be trusted with combs of honey or
Itrood; such at least was our experience. I found I
could work the extractor very well, while lying on
the lounge ; perhaps the one we have is better than
many of Peabody's make. Husband says he don't see
how bee-keepers get along who have no wives, or if
they are not willing to help. A big kiss to Blue Eyes.
Mus. S. J. W. Axtell, Roseville, Warren Co., Ills.

We presume the above was not iuteuded for
print but the moral it carries, sweeps, like the
. dischar<?e from a doubled barreled shot gun,
that "scatters" badly besides.

In the tirst place it hits ns for saying so
much against the Peabody machine, and truth
compels us to say that we don't know how she
can have a "better one" for they are all made
by machinery, precisely alike. Perhaps noth-
ing but actual trial would show our friend the
broad difference in the running of the two kinds,
both in speed and power requisite, Secondly,
she puts to shame those ladies who think they
are not strong enough, or haven't the time to
help about the apiary. If we are not mistaken
their crop of honey amounted to something
like 3000 lbs., and four-fifths of this, 3400, was
uncapped and extracted by an invalid, who is
only able to set up a part of the time.

Thirdly, those who cannot extract when it
should be done, because they are "so busy,"
and it is so much work.

Fourthly, hired help. They will not go near
l)ees at all, or they cannot be trusted to han-
dle heavy combs, because they are so careless
and take so little interest in the welfare of
of those they are laboring for. Lest this be
understood as simply fault finding, we will
add that we have the highest respect for every
one who earns an honest independence by their
labor, and to such we would say, make your-
self skillful and trustworthy in all duties you
may be likely to have to perform, and you will
soon be sought out, and paid an extra price at
almost any season of the year.

Fifthly, "Husband" don't see how bee-keep-
ers get along who have no wives. Guess we'll
stop, this is "dangerous ground" for we have
many subscribers like our next friend :

Also And enclosed Photo of self, the better half I am
in fast pursuit of. M. H. C, Belleville, Mich.

Mu. NOVICE :— You are a study and von remind me
of th(! story familiar to our school days"of the traveler
who sought protection from the storm and cold at the
cave of a Centaur. As he entered the cave he began
to blow his fingers. On observing which, the Centaur
asked him why he did that, and the reply was "To
warm my Hngefs." Eater in the evening the Centaur
gave him some liot soup for his supper, before eating
which, he began to blow it. "Why do you blow the
soui) ?" asked the Centaur, "To make it cool" was the
reply. Whereupon the Centaur turned him out into
the storm declaring that none but an evil genius could
blow hot and cdM with the same breath.

I have carcriilly read your Gleanings "from A, 1>,
C, up to ilate," as well as the out gushlngs of your fer-
tile brain in the A. B. J., and I am delighted "to And a
writer that truthfully delineates the ups and downs of
Apistical experience. As well as one who rushes
into a test trial, of "New Ideas" that have a jiromise

of practical use, with an impartial exposition of the
results. And yet I am amazed to see how you can
blow hot and cold with the same breath, at difterent
times of course. IJut we won't turn out the Glean-
ings, no, no, we like the scintilations radiating irons
those digital extremities blow them as you will, and
we like the mental soup tempered to suit our hungry
palates by the zejihyrs of your breath. So blow away,
hot or cold, as the spirit moves, so long as we are
getting at tlie truth that keeps us marching on to the
good of successful Apiculture.

But my Dear Sir, who can understand your descrip-
tion of a buzz saw table. Vol. 1, page. 17 't it's very
muddy. You are not good in i>ortraying machinery
and imijlements of Bee Culture. Had you more expe-
rience with patents you would use perspectives,
ground plans, and elevations, with sundry sections,
cutting the same at a, b, or c, d, etc. etc. in illustrating
the valuable improvements of your fertile apiary.

Speaking of buzz saws : This standing on one leg,
and churning with the other, while pushing a board
astride of the buzz saw, is too mucli like work, in any
kind of moderate weather. I like my plan better-
For a balance and band wheel, I use a grind stone
near three feet in diameter, (hung truly) to which I
"attach" a stout man lor jiropelling power. This
don't interfere with its use for shar))eiiing tools, and
the saw cuts steadily and oh, so easily if not fed too
rank.

And this leads us to another suggestion. A "new
idea" it may be. A plan for making both large and
small frames easily.

Supposing the material for the frames ready cut, of
the right thickness, length and breadth, and then
suppose a body had a buzz saw, and a grind stone, or
a tread-mill, or even a wind-mill, or any other power.
And then again suppose they couldn't get, or didn't
want your your tin corners, and did want, quick
work. Let them, then procure a gang of four saws
exactly alike, about six inches in diameter, with the
plate 'b of an inch thick, the teeth fine with the
i)oints "up set" (flattened out) to cut 3-lti of an incli
wide. These saws of course will just fit the arbor of
your slitting saw. Place between the saw blades, cir-
cular pieces of sheet brass, so that the cutting edges of
the teeth are just .3-10 of an inch apart. Adjust the
table and guide to cut the desired depth. And then
by clamping 50 or 100 frame pieces evenlj-
together, the saws will rapidly cut the ends, so that
they will match together, as in Fig. 1.

[Here our pleasant friend tantalizes us by
submitting some drawings in perspective that
certainly casts our arrempts all in the shade.
The principle is precisely that of the well
known Crandall Building blocks. AVe may
briefly mention that we sometime ago tested
the same thing. If we use lumber any thing
near as light as with the Metal Corners, the
joint even when glued has none of the stift'ness
and accuracy given by the metal.]

There Friend Novice is a frame that can hang alone,
or stand alone, take your choice. And then for sec-
tional surplus honey boxes, whv it can't be beaten,
not even by Harbison or Adair — perhaps your tins
will cipher in with this corner.

By the way our grocery stores are flooded with
Chicago Honey ['f] put up in glass jars with a piece of
comb in each, and selling retail ;?5 cts. for % 11). A
good price for melted sugar and water, that before
melting costs 9 or 10 cts —Wish I had 2.5 lbs, of your
lirpiid whi:e clover honey, slung out of an Italian
apiary. Have been eating San Diego— very good but
it laciis the aroma of white clover.

Geo. F. Foote, M. D. Stamford, Conn.

AVe have often thought of the ])lan for honey
boxes but do not most of our readers agree
that the Harbison box, descril)ed on another
page, is good enough and easier to make by the
masses at large V

We think the San Diego Mountain, superior
to Clover or anj'thing else we have ever tasted
in the way of honey. Will not our friend put
some genuine honey in his market, at a proper
price and thus drive (uit the spurious?

In regard to good drawings: We could
readily procure them, l)ut at a cost that Glean-
ings at jiresent would not warrant and we
think our friends all desire that we should

1875.

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

n

make it a self sust;iinin<;, and payiiia; institu-
tion. Unless we did our ftite niiglit be as sad
;is he wiio comes next portrays it. We will
bear tlie oHor in mind.

If by j)ul)lisliin<j "(ii.EANiNOS" and mukinj:: us all
<')irlstinas ()resi'nts for 7.')C,, you get stMit "Over tlie
Siills to the i)oor house" voifvc only to give us ;i
*'l)last" from the wind-mill before starting aud we will
surely eonie to your rescue.

L. B. IIOGUK, Loydsville, <).

Mit. ROOT, Dear Sir:— I will commence Nov. l.')th,
187;i. I put its colonies into 2 cellars, dividing nearly
•equally, which was a mistake for they all should have
been i)ut into one cellar but 1 was afraid of keeplnj;:
them too warm. One of my cellars was a new one
and built late and therefore was very (hinip and wet;
it snowed and blowed into it a foot or two and I did
not keep it warm enough -kept it four degrees above
freezing, which I lind is not sulHcient. They all come
out alive excci)t one which was Queenless, but some
of them were quite weak and died during the sjiring,
as it was very cold and backward. Well, I made up
luy mind that 1 had more bees at home than I wantetl,
to do well, so I let '25 swarms to a novice to '"run."
The place was Auroraville, some eight miles north-
west from here. 1 took them up there in April. Two
or three ran down so they hart to be built up again,
but we extracted 1050 lbs. of honey, got almost a ton
of box honey and increased the io to 50. I tliink if
they had been rightly managed I might have got ."iOO
lbs. more. I will try and run them myself there next
year. Those at home diil not do as well, the honey i
i)Oxes that I generally use hold from 14 to i5 lbs., set
ci'osswise of the hive next to the frames.

Novice J do not have anj- trouble to get bees to work
in boxes. I have one swarm, or divided half, that put
120 lbs. in boxes. 1 was obliged to sell my honey for I
-0 cts. My hives are 20,V inches in length, outside
measurement and 11 deep, holding 8 frames. My bees
worked on flour this fall as late as Nov. I'ith, or 14th,
quite briskly. 1 have put my bees in a drj' cellar in
the sand with a good wall ; a double floor above the 8
inch joists and lineo under the joists and stufled with
<;hafl' and straw. The north end is also lined. Five
ventilators overhead from one foot to two feet square.
The bottom is also covered with chafl"and the outside
hatchway idled wiih chall so you see that I have got
them warm. There is l.io swarms and no need of a
glass house, at least I cannot see it. The temperature
.seems to want to keep at 45' and that I think is about
right, one end of each hive is raised about half an inch
and honey boards raised U of an inch where they do
not have quilts.

One of my neighbors, Mr. J. Noble has wintered his
t)ees in a dry cellar and hardly ever loses any ; they
came o»it very strong. Mr. Teiiaut, another bee-keep-
er wintered his in a bee house above ground very
sticcessfullv. though both keep them dry and warm.
AL15KUT PoTTEis, Eureka, Wis. Dec. 6th, 1874.

We sincerely trust friend P. you may never
have anj^ need of a "glass house'" and that good
colonies in good warm, well ventilated cellars,
may always winter safely. We shall be most
liappy to be convinced that we have no worse
trouble to contend with.

ICEl'OUT FOIl 1874.

My bees wintered well; all came out alive, except
one, (Queenless) and four others being weak dwindled
down and "went out" during the cold rainy weather
of April and May, leaving me 30 to begin the season
with. I obtained i.'ioO lbs. ext'd honey from the 30
stands— average 85 lbs. each— and after the honey sea-
son was over increased my stands to 40. I think this
has been the poorest year here for honey I ever knew.
My bees had a good fly on Dec. '2nd, and the next day
I put them all in the cellar in nice condition, and now
they are all as still as death. Yours, well satisfled,

W. J. llo.VALi), Grandview, Iowa. Dec. lOth, 1874.

And well you might be, with the above re-
port of the "poorest season you ever knew."

During the winter of the bee maladv, all the bees in
Langstroth hives died, and two-thirtfs in others rticd.
-Ml now use common box hives.

W. McBuiDK, Chardon, O. Dec. 16th, 1874.

Such reports came in so often a year or two
ago, that we could not have printed them even
had we deemed best, but we are glad to note a

better state of attairs now, and we believe it
has generally been agreed that it was rather
the improper manner in which the moval)h'
comb hives were managed, rather than any
inherent defect in them.

I am much Interested in yolir experiments, but lia\ c
no necessity for them hei'o as our beis liave never
been diseased. They winter safely in cellar or on
summer stands. We have not much but clover hone v
and when that is i)lfnly all goes well. Last season 1
realized ^U'M in box luiney and ten natural s>\anns
from :;4 colonics, Lung.stroih hives of course.

John T. SMrm, Uniontown, Fayette Co., \':u

1 have sold '2700 lbs. honey and have 1000 on ham',
also have sold Sl,50.00 worth of Queens, amounting in
all to over S700.00 without counting new swarms, as I
reduce them annually. John L. Davis.

Holt, Ingham Co., Mich. Dec. 11th, 1874.

I started last May with '23 very light swarms of bees,
mostly hybrids and about 300 good worker comb
besides, i got between 3700 and 3800 lbs. of slung hon-
ey and now have 59 good swarms and gave one away.
The honey brought 17 cts. per lb. clear of expense. 1
have no trouble in getting worker comb in any swarm
by taking away their capped brood, I do this about
the time basswood gives out. I make new swarms oC
the sealed brood by initting 6 or 8 frames in a new
hive and giving them a Queen or cell. I get ihc
poor fall honey made into combs.

EuwiN STANHOPK, Pentwater, Oceana Co., Mich.

Thanks friend S., for what is, at least to us,
a new idea. We think it ver}^ probable the
bees would build only worker comb if deprived
of their sealed brood, for they would then see
the necessity of it. Is not this another missing
link that will explain friend Dean's plan, as
given on page 91, Vol. 2. If combs can be se-
cured in the fall, made from honey not as val-
uable, it is quite an important item.

Wintered 17 stands, all I had, without loss last win-
ter, and received about 500 lbs. honey. Have now '27
stands prepared on same plan. One of the two, dollar
Queens ordered of you, and sent by Mr. Phelps, pro-
duces all three banded workers, the other produces
all kinds of workei's. I am very well pleased with my
bargain. What has become of Mr. Phelps; I don't
see his advertisement any more ?

C. A. HiGOLD, Arcadia, Morgan Co., Ills.

Mr. P., with the rest we presume, withdrew
his advertisement because he had more oi'ders
than he could All, but all will be on hand
again ])i'ight and early next season, we think.
The pure Queen you mention, as she is daugh-
ter of an Imported Queen, is well Avorth $5.00
to any one with a dozen hives of bees.

C.VN BEES BE KEPT IN A CITY ?

Was asked on page 84, Vol. 1. Our reply
was giveii on the same page, and the following
from the querist will show how far we were
right.

I wintered three swarms in my cellar under my
kitchen ; they came out ttnelj* in the spring. They
were in three kinds of hives,— no movable combs. In
May had them transferred into Langstroth hives. In
June got some Queens (black) and started three more
swarms, one from each old one. The way 1 did it was
by driving out some bees from the old swarm and
l)utting them in the new hive which was i)laced on
the old stand. My frames were all filled with combs
and some honey when I bought them. They have
done very well this season. 1 have taken LW lbs. (or
more) box honey. And the frames are well tilled with
honey, for wintering. Bought one Italian swarm thl-s
fall, so now I have seven swarms in my cellar. My
cellar is a dry sandy one.

Please don't, put me down among "Blasted Hopes,"
till ('?io//(rr spring. T woubl like to know how to se-
cure straight combs in small boxes, where there is no
comb to start them. My boxes hold about 5,S lbs. of
honey, which is the most convenient market size here.
My bees would build across them, where there was
no old comb ))ut in to stop them. Have sold some of
mv honey at 40 cts. per lb. How is this for City life ?
Not a failure yet. Stei'iien Williams, Nashua, N. H.

12

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

2875

DEAR FRIEXD :— As I have never made any re-
port to you as to my "Bees an<l Honey" I will ilo so
now. Last fall I hatrsi stands, one starved and one
lost their Queen, which left nie 30. Only ten of these
were good, ten medium and ten very poor; six of the
latter never made one box of honey. I used the ex-
tractor I got of you, and like it very much ; think it is
one of the best if not the very best. With it I got some
300 lbs. Ijut the Queens tilled the combs so that 1 could
use it no more. My hives are Langstroth's with 8
frames, don't see how you get so much honey with
extractor unless you have more room for the Queen.
Had to put on my honey boxes and got 1086 lbs. that I
sold, besides some 130 six lb. boxes that are partly
tilled, and have increased to 57 stands. These I think
are in good condition at present. My first swarm is-
sued on the last day of May. I gave them 7 frames of
comb and they built one. In eight days I ext'd five
frames and got 36 lbs. of honey, then put "on my boxes,
and got 12 filled, (some 75 lbs.) and some partly filled.
I think that is very well, though some have done
better. One man in this County had last spring 80
stands and got over 7500 lbs. of box lioney which he
says averaged him 28 cts. i)er lb. Another man had a
stand that produced over 300 lbs. of box honey. I had
one from which I took 200 lbs. I think this County
will in five years, if it does not now, ship more honej'
than any other Co., in tliis State.

JosEi'n A. Hakt, Craig, Switzerland Co., Ind.

Another report in favor of small hives.
Friend H. you must put on an extra set of
combs above, or make your hives to hold more
than eight Langstroth frames if you are going
to make the extractor do duty. Box honey
isn't (72«te all done away with after all. If we
get some "big"' colonies next spring, well try
it once more.

CONCERNING gEVEKAL PROBLEMS.

But what makes me write to you is about that dwind-
ling away of of bees last spring. I too liad such, and
some of my very best got to be the weakest. I think
I can tlirow some liglit on the subject. I wintered 19
stocks, 6 out on summer stands and the rest in cellar,
5 of those outside never receded but kept strong, all
the while, but the sixtli came very near giving out the
first week in May. They had brood on four combs but
not bees to cover it and all young, consequently the
robbers had every chance of stealing from them. I ilid
all that a man could do to counteract marauaing for
near ten days when the bees themselves beg;in to
fight these robbers. The guardians at the entrance
would be attacked by these robbers by three and four
and if you ever noticed it, it gives a strange appear-
ance. They will rush all on one bee and when down,
attack another etc., and these young bees will easily
submit and give up. Nowithis stock did not rear
brood the fall before, later than the 25th of Aug. On
1st of Sept. it had scarcely any sealed brood and none
else, but being very strong it remained so luitil April
when they showed considerable decrease in old bees.
They had brood on two combs Marcli 15th and kept
increasing tlie brood space until thev had four combs
by April 15th. Now one would think breeding at
that rate they should liave got strong, but I am certain
tliat the old bees were nearly all gone by the 15th of
A|iril, and as the old bees die oflf the young ones al-
though matured to take the place of the old ones, can
not stand tlie chilly weather as well as such bees as
have been raised in the fall before. Adult bees are
tlie ones that will feich a hive along, and so long as
there is a good portion of tlicm in a hive the young
bees raised in spring will not come out so soon to
work, and will consequently fill u)) the hive, and by
the time, say 15th of May, when the weather begins
to be stea(lily warm, the old bees will be nearly all
gone even if raised in Oct., and then these young bees
will be able to stand the weather. You surely know
that when a hive is in its proper order and breeding
in the middle of summer, the young bees will not
come out to tvork till they are nearly 30 days old, but
move the hive to a new stand and you will find that
JUiy bees remaining after two days, are )»ut ten days
old, and will fetch bee bread etc., the third day from
the removal of the old stand.

I had one stock that I started Aug. 25th with two
frames brood and adhering bees and young (Jueen.
They bred on I'our combs and kept them full till 15th
Oct., and on that day (they only had brood on one
comb all sealed and yet a weak one would cover
three combs pretty well) I put them in the cellar ; Ihcy
hadn't a pariicle of bee bread and I wondcrccl if they
would come out at all. March 28th they had lirs"t
flight, and not two dozen dead bees. They wintered

best of any; put back in cellar again till 20th of ApriE
when they hadn't any brood and I wondered if the^
Queen was good, for all the rest were rearing bron(6
strongly; I gave them a comb with some bee bread iiu
it and they started brood, and instead of going dowu
hill they grew strong. I will never trouble myself
about bee bread during winter and early spring iiN
those stocks that I can keep in a dark cellar until the
new bee bread makes its ajtpearance; for bees that
have no bee bread keep wonderfully qniet. I believe
the bees can be kept thus without dying of old age
till June. Its the brood rearing that wears out the
bees. I furnish you evidence and you san test it your-
self. This summer I started several stocks with combs-
of brood and found in one they had a young Queen
that laid no eggs. She was just hatched when start-
ing the stock and in three weeks I found the number
of bees scarcely any reduced. I gave them empty
frames to make comb; as I kept taking away their oltl
comb, they made three combs and cover«l them^
nearly as strong as they did when they had the old
ones. Comb making, ni)' experiment shows, does not
wear out bees, which oi)iuion I had before, but never
had so clear a proof of it. Another, in fact its sister^
with just the same strength in bees, were treated the
same way, and made three combs but they having a.
laying Queen,, filled the whole three combs (10x12),
with brood, and by the time the first bees hatched,,
there wasn't enough bees to cover one comb. They
would have perished had the weather been cool.

C. WUKSTEK, Kleinburg, Canada.

There is certainly some truth in the positions
taken by friend W. We now remember well
that when we have in mid-summer put an
Italian Queen in a stock of blacks, it would be
perhaps three weeks after the young Italians
hatched before they would gather pollen.
Again, in a colony having no old bees, they
sometimes gather it when less than a week
old unless we have erred in our observa-
tions. Also, the dwindling away in spring
invariably takes place when they attempt
brood rearing ; we conjectured that they got.
lost in going for pollen during unseasonable
weather yet it hardly seemed probable after
all. If comb building is not exhaustive, it will
be an argument somewhat in favor of box
honey.

Mr. NOVICE:— Receive my heartiest thanks for
your untiring ellorts in bringing light and instruction
to such as I. I just now feel like giving you one of
those "big hand shakes" that come from the heart.
Among many valuable hints I will only name one,
that you justly call the universal feeder described in
Sept.", Vol. 2, it is simple, cheap, and what is more,
convenient, and the best thing out in that line. I
would not i)art with it for the price often times »vhat
you ask for Gleanings. Enclosed you will find the
money for two, for the coming year" and also for the
back Xos. of Gleanings, Vol. 1, and 2. Wishing you
the best success and hoping that you will be able to
keep the Wind-mill well gi-eased that it may run for
many years to come. I remain yours trulv,

E. RiEBSMAN, W^ilkesbarre, Pa. "Dec- 5th, 1874.

After reading friend Kern's letter we got
such a dismal opinion of our merits Editorially,
that we fear we should not have recovered for
some time if not longer, had not the above ar-
rived just in the nick of time and vibrated us
way over to the other extreme.

Thanks friend R., Ave'll try to keep every
thing well "greased'' and to merit your gootl
opinion stil'.

Four years ago I had 60 stocks. Reduceil them to
30 as I was moving and the 30 have dwindle(l ilown to
8 from dysentery et(-., and one of thcui l^Uu'cnless;
but witirsiiiiic fet'ding and syrup in llie si)iing hope
to reach 20 again. Fi:Ki). ti. Nash, Ontario, Can.

Supposing we had it in our power to make
them "dwindle uj)" instead of down at any
season, friend N.V Don't you think we could
then tell a dilferent story V

AB VERTISERS' DEPARTMENT.

We can furnish the German Biencn Zeitung Month-
ly, (|>rice Svi-SO) with (ILEANINGS lor ?4.00, including
;in i)Ostagc.

Medley is nut ready. Some of the "cogs'' must be
loose we tliinlc, in tlie maciiinery we have improvised
for indufinp some of tliose from wliom pictures would
be particularly desirable, to semi them in. Some time
this month you may exjiect the whole family of us by
mail. We have thouglit of giving a short sketch of
the different individuals by way of introduction.
What we don't know we can ''guess at" providing we
are careful to step on nobody's toes, for they might
turn about, and we are "so 'ittle'' (as Blue Eyes says)
compared with some of those "big chai)?.'' By the
way, we are proud to say, we are going to have quite
a smart little company of J^aiiies, among which will
be foiunl that Heroine of tlie Extractor, Katie Grimm.
Her father also favors us with his presence.

ClL,XJJBl$I]VCi ILiIftsT.

We will send Gi.e.vnixgs—

With The American Bee Journal (Si.OO)

" The Bee Keeper's Magazine ( l.'i.i)

" The Bee World ( -2. 10)

" All three. The Bee Journals of America,

" American Agriculturist (»1.60)

" Prairie Farmer

" llural New Yorker

" Ohio Farmer

" National Agriculturist

" Scientilic American

" Fruit Recorder and Cottage Gardener (SI. H)) 1
[Above rates include all Postage.}

"The Tkei^ents" are being sent daily. Be patient.

Names of resi)onsible i)arties will be inserted in
eitlier of the following departments, at a uniform
price of lOc. each insertion, or Sl»(i() ))er year.

{il*## i^Vlt-€-Ilf4

Xames inserted in tliix department the first time
without ehurge.

($-2.1.5) -2

(S2.f)0) 3

(Si.l.'J) -2

( 1.2.5) 1

[^i.la) :5

Books for Bee-Keepers.

SENT postpaid on receipt of price.
Langstroth on the Hive and Honey Bee..

Quinb_\''s Mysteries of Bee Keeping

Bee Keeper's Text Book, muslin,

" " " " paper,

....$■2.00

1..50

75

40

Good Books.

These, though not specially designed for Bee-
keepers, have a tendency to inculcate princi-
ples that ensure success in bee-keeping as well
as almost all other rural pursuits.

The first on the list should be in the hands
of every one who has planted grape vines to
shade the hives, as we have advised.

Any of these books will be forwarded by mail, post-
paid'., on receipt of price.

Fuller's (ira] le Culturist Sl.50

Fuller's Small Fruit Culturist 1.50

Fuller's Strawljerry Culturist 20

Fuller's Forest Tree Culturist 1..50

Hen<lerson's Gai'dening for Prolit 1..50

Henderson's Practical Floriculture 1..50

Tim Bunker Pai)ers 1..50

Ten Acres Enough 1.'25

Koosevelfs Five Acres too Much 1.50

Art of Saw Filing (Holly) 75

AVindow Gardening 1..50

Eeuchar's How, to build Hot-Houses 1..5()

Play and Protit in my Garden. Rev. E. P. Roe. 1..50

Waring's Draining for Prolit and Health 1..50

Onion Culture 20

Purdy's Small Fruit Instructor 25

^A.vei*ill Olieinical Faint.

THE OXI.Y RELIABLE.
THE MOST BEAUTIFUL.
THE MOST ECONOMICAL.
THE MOST DURABLE.

Requires no oil thinner or drier,
Rei|uires no waste of time in mixing,
Has stood eight years'' criticisms
With i/rarli/ increased populariti/
And yearh) increased sales.
Ts sold by the gallon only, in (lackages of from 1 to
411 gallons each, in Purest White and" anj' Color or
Tint desired.
Address, for sami)le card of colors and price list,

-A.-\'C''rill C^li«>nii<-al X*aiiit Co.,

Office an<l Factorv i:i2 .*t bit East River Street,

CLEVELAND, OHIO.

Those whose names appear below, agree to furiiisli
Italian Queens the coming season for Jl.no each, un-
der tln^ following conditions; No guarantee is to 1m;
assumed of purity, safe <leliverv (U- anv thing of the
kind, only that llic (,>ueei\ be reareil from a choice,
pure mother. They also agree to return the monev at
anv time when euslduiers become impatient of such
delay as may be unavoiiiable.

Bear in n'und that he who sends the best Queens,
l)ut up neatest and most securely, will probablv re-
ceive the most orders. Special rates for warranted
and tested (^>ueens, furnished on application to any of
the parties. ^

G. W. Dean, River Styx. Medina Co., Ohio.

W. J. Hosnier, .lanesville, Minnesota.

Dr. J. ]'. II. Brown. Augusta, Georgia.

R. S. Becktell, New Biiftalo, Mich.

Who agree to make such hives, and at the prices
named, as those described on our circular.
Geo. T. Wheeler, Mexico, N. Y.
H. Alley, Wenham, Mass.

BEE HIVES and surplus boxes of anv stvle in use,
or anything used about the Apiarv." luniished at
the lowest prices. H. ALLEY, Wenh.-im, Mass. tfx

<t^. in-~C<

^3Si .jcta >-7

"^^-^^ "&<3 _fcss .^es e-

rt K i » ^«?£3 .jss: ^-G

= --a5 -^& -Sa: -A-ti ^j^ l<a

V' ':'■-;■ "p

AD ViHRTISERS' DEPARTMENT.

■^iD-^EiR.TzsiB^Easr'rs- ) T M P O R/Fj^ D BEES.

For the j)ast seveii yeui-s wcliave Imported bee*
from Itiily and have Tailed nearly every tinie, by lack
of knowledge of the true conditions necessaiy for so
long a journey, and on account of the carelessness of
the shipijcrs. But we are now succeeding so well
that we receive ninety per cent of the Qiteens alive.

We claim to be

Advertisements wyi be received at the rate of ten
cents per line, Nonpariel space, each insertion, cash
in advance; and we require that every Advertiser
satislies us of his responsibility and intention to ilo
all that he agrees, anil that his" goods are really worth
the price asked for them.

EAitLV to bed and early to rise will al! be in vain if
vou don't advertise.— i'Vojii Rural New- Yorker of
Dec. 12th, 1874.

MUTH'S ADVERTISEMENT.

HONEY^ JARS.

One pound (square) Jars, per gross, SG..')0

Two " " " " 8.50

Corks, " 75

Tin Foil Caps, " 1.20

One and Two Pound Labels, per gross, 75

The same with ad(h-e8s printed to order, per 1000, 5.00
1 qt. Self-Sealing Mason's Fruit Jars, per gross,.. 19.00
Labels for above, " "■ .65

The same with printed address, per 1000 4.25

1 lb. (white; flint Glass Jars per gross S9.00

2" " " •' '• " 11.00

In lots of 10 gross or more (the same as the others)
50 cts. less per gross.

Langstroth's Bee Hives, Bee Veils, Uncapping
Knives, &c.. I offer at lowest possible prices.

Straw Mats, \mr doz S4.50

iij]vcA.i»i»i]v<:i itTvivnes.

As good as any.
Each

$4.50

Per doz

For further particulars. Address,

Itf CHAS. F. MUTH, Cincinnati, O.

.50

OUR Bee Journal of the Southern States. Issued
monthly at S2.00 per year. Sample coi>ies free.

Address A. F. MOON & Co. Rome, Georgia.

The Fruit Recorder & Cottage Gardener

will bo sent fuee for S months to all
MONTHS ^^''^^ ^^^'^ ^^^y postage at office of de-

3 livery. We do not ask any one to

Ti-rj-piji subscribe for our paper until they
r Kilirj. know what they are to get. It speaks
for itself. Price only Si per year.
The 8nia.ll Fruit Instructor, is a work of 04 pji.
that tells in simple language just how to grow fruits
in abundance for home use or market. Price 25 cts.
post-paid. A. M. PURDY, Kochester, N. Y.

Every Bee-Keeper should
subscribe for this Monthlv-
It is the oldCKtand best
I Kcientific and practical
[ Journal of Apiculture in
the World. The most suc-
cessful .and experienced
Apiarians in this country
and Europe contribute to its pages. Terms, $2.00
a year in advance. .Semi a ^tanip for a i§aniplc
Copy. Address, THOMAS G. NEWMAN,

Cedar Rapids, Iowa.

The only regular Importers of

We received over

ONE HUNDRED QUEENS

in the season of 1874. Our Queens come from the best,
districts of Italj-. They are all young.

We winter 60 Imported Queens in mir Apiary, antB

will sell them in full colonies in the spring, safe

arrival guaranteed.

Price .' Colony of Italians with Imported Qneen §20.00i

" " home bred "• 15.00

Our hives are good, well painted movable frame

hives. For particulars address

CH. DADANT & SON, Hamilton,

Hancock Co., Ills.

I hereby certify that Messrs Ch. Dadant & Son of
this place, are constantly receiveing large numbers
of Italian bees, from Euroiie through this office.
They have received seven invoices since June last.
These bees are nicely packed, and seem to be always
vei-j' lively. E. S. Dakling, U. S. Express Agent,

Hamilton, Ills. Oct. 1st, 1874.

The Bee-Keepers'
Ma.g'aziue, edited by

H. A. King, the only IL-
L II s T 11 A T E i> Magazine
treating of B e e - C u 1 1 u r e
in the United States. 33
l)ages. Terms, Sl.25 a year
with a present. Tile Si-
page Specimen n u m b e r,
with beautiful life-like
chromo of Italian bees and •
honey plants (jn-ice .50 cents), sent free with the BlAG-
AZINE live months for 50 cents. Agents wanted. Ad-
dress W. B. COBB, Publisher, 75 Barclay Street, N. Y.

Philip's Southern Farmer.

ONLY two dollars per annum for a Journal devo-
ted to agriculture, liorliculture, l)ees, stock and
jioultry. The acknowledged ])eer ofany monthly in
the South. Send jour address and get a specimen.
Adveutisk your stock and poultry in the Farmer.
Address as'above. Ilt2x

One Copy One Year 75 Cents, or with LiLhograpii of Apiary, size 12X16, Mailed Free, Postpaid, Sl.OO, or Litho-
graph will be sent as a Premiimi for Two Subscribers at 75 cents each.
Any person obtaining Three Subscribers at 75 Cents each, may retain 25 Cents for tlieir trouble.
" " Five " " " " 75 " "

'• " Ten " " " •' 2.50 " "

Any number above Ten will be sent at the rate of Fifty Cents each.

Names may be sent at any time during the year, and whene\'cr a club is reached, we will credit
bnck tlic amount previously sent us in excess of the Club Rates. In this way any of the

Articles Mentioned on our PRICE LIST may be Secured as PREMIUMS.

Please_ mention when names are intended for Clubs. An acknowledgment Mill be sent in all c:i

on receipt of money- -for any purpose whatever— by return mail,
the same terms, as we have

Volume I, for 1873 may be counted on

Large Supply of BACK ITUMBERS Provided for new Beginners !

As we cannot take; the sjiace in future numbers to go over the same grouwl again, and Volume One
wmtains the entire Fundamental Priuriples and

Or how to Realize the Most Money with the Smallest Expenditure of Capital
and Labor in the Care of Bees, Rationally Considered.

I»UU3L,I«III{:i> 3X01VTIIIL.Y, ^VT 3I3i:OI]VA, OHIO,

Bit" .4L. I. K^OOT & CO.

Wm>%(i> mi

ir'>e h :i^' w :5ft t*y"® IS WS'®

^f'O® ^

/n- the Preparatwn of this Journal the following are the Principal Periodicals Consulted :

Jk,®l©)^l©.-aMi ^'©© M^WMMMM.® Clarke, and Mrs. Tupper.

M©"e)«M©©P©^'^^'^ li<a«^>mMl.Il©® King.
W:m®) W^^l^fl.*) A. F. Moon & Co.

[Also Bound Volumc^ of (he former sinec ISCO, and Files of all other Bee Journals (hat have been

Published in America.]

P©i©^tlfi© A.ms.mm%mmm®

C O IV T

Pape.

PIeas;in(, .'ind unpleasant fcatuit^s etc 13

Bee Stings i:5

Our own Api.'iry i:!

Wintering bees" in cold frames 14

l'"rani08 14

i,>\iinbv Hive 14, 15

What hive shall 1 use? lo

Hoi)es "not Blasted. "' 1")

Straw Mats 1(1

I'oisinous Laurel Honey 17

AVinterinir ami New lilea Hives 17

Small colonies versus large , 17

Honey Bearing plants 18

('hiuese Mustard IS

C'atnij) cultivation 19

E IV T ^ s

I Page.

"Whv does honev sour etc 19

17ci>ort from P. II. Ehvood 19

Keports Encouraging 20

CaAitornia "20

Various Matters 20

Killing bees by colfl 20

Dool it tie's way of getting box honey 20

Motherwort for honev 20

J?ox honey, how to get 21

^-warminsr out in Spring 21

^Vhy do bees kill their Queens? 21

Kape as a honey ))lant 18, 22

(Jueenless colonies for honey 22

The Apiary with the C'urtains 2.3

AVatcr for bees 24

AD TEE USERS ' DEPAR TJFENr.

SUNDRY MATTERS.

Sek advertisement of Ohio Farmer in this No. It is
among the oldest of its kind in the country, and in
many respects fills a place that could not well be oc-
cupied by any other paper. It is a large, tastelully
printed, weekly paper, anil the series of excellent
homelike letters from "Mrs. Sam Starkey" should
ailone give it a warm welcome in everv farmer's home.

iN' our March No. we will enclose to every one of
you, three samples of what we. can do on Honey La-
bels, both in (juality of work and prices. It always
affords us pleasure to be able to reduce i>rices on any
staple commodity to our customers ; and when we can
at the same time show them something unusually neat
and pretty, it is an additional pleasure.

When we are in want of any seeds that must be ab-
solutely just what we order, we always go to \i. H.
Stair & Co., and our business experience with them
has been tor many vears of the pleasantest nature.
Auil now Messrs B. H. S. & Co., we wish vou to be pre-
jiared to fiu'iiish our reailers with the qetiiUne Chinese
Mustard seed mentioned by Dr. Kirtland in his excel-
lent letter.

Wax Wanted.

I am using in my business considcral)le bees wax.
I am troubled to find the pure article in sutlicient quan-
tity to meet my demand. Am not ])articular about
the color, the dark wax will answer inv purpose just
as well. J. K. South wou in. North Brooktield, Mass.

"Presents," have at length all been mailed,
and if any who subscribed" l)efore Jan. 1st, has
not had theirs, they will please drop us a Pos-
tal. Read what Miss Anna Saunders says of
it. We hope she won't scold if we do put it
in print.

Thanks, thanks, thanka, for mv present— It is better
than a dozen Chromos. * * * *

Woodville, Miss. Jan. i:5th, 1875.

Mailed to any one who sends one subscrip-
tion besides their own.

OEJT Tllli: BIOHT.

ESTAULI.SHEI) 1?4?.

ti:y it for 1S7.J.

THE OHIO FARMER,

The LiJirffest. ITIowt Iiitere*itiiiar, Eiiterpr>»"

sins' and VJilu;»l>le Furnier's Family

Puper Publi!«Iictl.

THE OHIO FARMER is a IR-page. (U-column. week-
ly paper, devoted to Agriculture, IIi>i-ticult\ire. Live
Sto(;k, Dairy, Poultry, Apian'. News. Fireside Read-
ing, Domestic Economy, and Choree Mi-icellany, with
the largest and ablest coriis of Regular Contributors-
ever cm|)loyed on an agricitltnral i>at>er in this coini-
try, under iin able and experienced Editorial Manage-
ment who spare no expense to a<!d everything possible
to its value.

Single Subscriptions. WX issues, postage paid S2.1.>

In clubs of 1(1 or over, (lostage paid-. 1.9(>

We want good Agents everywhere, and offer very
Hbentil pay to nil who work for us.

B?^Send for Specimen Copies, free.
2m Address OHIO FARMER, Cleveland, O,

PLAIX, PRACTICAL. A XI) TO THE POIXl\
FULLY UP WITH THE TIMES.

ALL

I cop

Nearly every applicant for gearing for ex-
tractors, so far this year, has omitted to meu-
iton size of frame used, so that we wore obliged
to delay lilling orders until we could get a
second note from them. Please bear in mind
that we have two different castings for the arm
that attaches the gearing to the side of the can.
One with the proper curve to lit a 20 inch can,
and the other for a 17 inch can. The former
should be used for Quinl)y, American, and all
frames that exceed 11^4 inches in measurement
the narrowest way; the latter for Langstroth,
Gallup, and all that have one of their dimen-
sions III4 or less. We ])refer to use the large
size for our Standard as it enables us to hang
it in the extractor just as it hangs in the hive.

As there now seems a prospect of making our
Medley more complete tlian at lirst intciided we
shall delay it still furtlier. An invitation is
without exception extended to all Bee-keepers in
— well, in the world for that matter, to send in
their Photo's. We shall put in every picture
sent us, so that there may l)e no ground for
accusing us of partiality in" the matter. Quin-
l)y and Langstroth we ])resiime you all agree
should ])e accorded a central i)osition in view
of their having taught us all our A, B, C's
in the science years ago. The rest are to
measured solely by the crops of honey they
have produced, for we measure an Apiarist en-
tirely by the numl)er of colonies he can keep
and l)y the number of tons of honey he sells
annually.

Bee -K e e p e r s

wlio M'ish to learn

how to more than

double their

profits from their

bees, sbould send 2.')

"MONEY IN THE APIARY,'

a little work on i)ractical bee-culture.

just issued. Runs no ]>atent liive nor
other humbng. Tells Avliat to do. %vlien an<l lio^v
to do it, to insure success. Send for it no^v, before
laving out plans for another season's work.
Address HERBERT \. BURCH, SoiTth Haven, Mich.

IpOR one Colonv of Italian Bees ^15.00; four for
' $50.00. Also tested Italian Queens, Hives an({
material for Hives and surplus, boxes at very low fig-
ures. Trice list free, J. S. WOODBURN,
2t$-2 Dickinson, Cumberland Co., Pa-

SEEDS FOR HONEY PLANTS.

r^ATMP SEED, fresh and i)ure at 40 cts. ])er ounce
_' postage ))aid. Also Summer Rape, Mignonette.
Borage and otlier Honev iiroducin;,' plant seeils.
2 3d B. H. STAIR & CO., Cleveland, Ohio-

c

ATNIP SEED, fresh and good, .%c per ounce.
J. L. WOLFKNDEN, Adan>s, Wal Co.. Wis. 75p

C

CATNIP SEED for sale at 2,5c per oz.
A. A. RICE, Seville, ]\Iedina Co., O.

Address
lltf

Y<ni cannot look over the back No's of
or an\ other I'erioiliral w ilh satisfaction,
are in some kind of a Binder. Wbo ha:
])erliaiis only mentally "Conlonnil il I ;/w
monlh's Journal and it's no when' to lie U
each No. in the Emerson Binder as soon
and you can sit down haiijiv. any time you
an> ibing yon may have previously seen e
it well' monllis ago.

r.inders lor ( J I.KANINOS (will hold the

years) gilt lettereil, free by mail for 50, (10.

cording to (|ualily. For table of prices of

an\ I'eriodii-al, -ei' Oct. No. Send in vour

A. 1. ROOT vVi'CO..

Ci.i: vxix<}.s
unless tliev
not said-
isl have last
>uud." Put
as il l•ome^>
wisli tolind
ven though

in for foui'
and 75c, ac-
Binders for
orders.
, ^Medina. O.

rjE^v^OTEiD e:x:ci-.t:jsi'Vex.^s" to bees -A^nsriD non^^E-^sr

Vol. III.

FEBRUARY, 1, 1875.

No. 11.

PL>EASA]V'r ANI> UNPLEASANT FEA-
TURES OF THE APIARY.

UY A l!EK-KKKrEK"S WIFK.

MpR. EDITOR:— I have no idea of trying to quarrel
with ynii for saying that people hart better
-_ ■ learn not to minrt bee stings, insteart of hnnting
11)) cures. However, there is an occasional sting that
is wortli niiniling, and cnring if von can.

My little "Blue Eyes" hart picked up a stray bee or
two. anrt been stnng on her fingers, with no serious
effect, and we thought a little siilt anrt water, remedy
enough, even on bab.v flesh, but one very warm day
last summer, when the bees were unusually cross anrt
her bloort much heatert, she stood watching the bees,
and one stung lier in the upper eye lid. The sting was
extractert as soon as possible, anrt her hands held
from rubbing it, but within three minutes she was
covered from head to foot with large blotches, each,
apparently, as bad as a bee sting. [ washed her iu
saleratus "water, which soon cooled the lire anrt re-
duced the swelling, so that she soon went to sleeji,
but the right hand and foot, and face were swollen
for some days. I hart regardert a sting as a ligi.t
matter l)efor"e, but about the same time I receivert a
sting that affected me about the same, but as it was
on my throat, the swelling and inflammation extended
to the lungs, and breathing was very difficult ami
))ainful; 1 suffered extremefy all that day, and -.vas
confined to my bed the greater part of three days.
One thing that seemed to me strange was th.at the ex-
tremities were the most swollen.

Fur similar cases, a remedy should be known "if
any such there l)e." If others know of no better. I
would recommend saleratus water.^that is if one does
not understand the use of water well enough to try
the ''wet sheet pack'' a la Gallup.

Xow, my success in bee-keeping ! My husband has
reported his— here is mine. But why mine, you ask?
I answer. You know a woman is frequently wanting
some new furniture or other extravagance'and don't
know when to take the money, l)ecause it always
seems to be needed more for coi)i>er-toed-shoes, reap-
ers, bee fixtures, etc. I wanted an oi'gan. So Husband
says, "select a swarm of bees in the spring, and we
will devote all the proceeds to the organ and in course
of time it will Ijuy one, ))roviding it does not come
before."

Bees were weak, that spring, and the "Organ hive"
did not get ready to swarm till Basswoort season, then
were not allowed to. but they furnished '2-25 lbs. of
honey worth S^iO.OO. The next year one new swarm
anrt 17.") lbs. hcniey, which soirt for S27.0O. Now I wi^h
I could stop, but one swarm died last winter, and the
other gatherccl ou\y in lb-;, of sur|)lus honey this year.
Never mind— amilhcr year is coming, and il will bring
summer and hone> , I know.

But my, my. thi^ is too long for Gle.vnings ! Well
never mind. Novice will reacl it any way. He reads
all the nonsense and I couldn't shorten it; a woman's
lingers, like her tongue, are so long.

Mks. a. H()WKi.L, Faribault. Rice Co., Minn.

But it isn't a liit too lon,^ in our opinion and
we trust our rcad'jrs ajjprove of our t.iste and
judirment iu sucli matters. We have Iiad a
eery few cases come under our observation
where stinijs produced simihvr elFects, and
would biithe with cold water by all means to
allay tlic fever and irrittition. It is quite prob-
able that the alkali of the saleratus would
tend to cleanse the pores of the skin thereb}'
enabling the water to perform its work more

effectively. [If this isn't correct we beg par-
don of the ]\I. D.'s, among our readers, of which
there are many.] If you will excuse it .Mi-s. K.,
we should like to suggest that fright tind the;
imagination lias much to do with these alarm-
ing symptoms, especially among the inexperi-
enced. In your own case probal)ly not, yet avc
have a few times had stings ourselves of such
pungenc}', tlnit had we not reasoned from ex-
perience, we might have been seriously tilarm-
ed. There is a queer feature in humanity of
which physicians are well aware, viz: that so
long as the mind dwells on an injury (mental
or physical) it assumes to the patient ten-fold
magnitude. Who has not forgotten the excru-
ciating pain of a headache or toothache, upon
the- arrival of friends or any other event, that
actively employed both mind and body. We
reallj^ can discover no good reason for giving
any further advice than we did at first, viz :
after extracting the sting (every "little splin-
ter," P. G. says) get to work at something as
speedily as possible, that will busily employ
both mind and body. We earnestly request
that you keep us posted in regard to that
"Organ hive."

P. S. — In regard to bee stings : will some
competent medical authority tell us whether
it really be possible for any application to reach
the poison introduced by the sting. The punc-
ture is so minute and dvap, and the skin closes
again so perfectly, that it is very rare that even
blood finds its way back. Can we expect our
tinctures to reach ihe poison in order to neu-
tralize it, without ail instrument like the stiug
to introduce itV Some Yankee might invent
a machine and sell "individual rights" 'tis true,
but at present htid we not best satisfy ourselves
that when Ave have used cold water to allay
the fever, in extreme cases, we have done about
all we can do. Sucking the |)oisou out is very
good logic ; when one has satisfied himself
thas he really has strength enough in the prop-
er muscles to do this. \\v should advise it by
all means; as the jilan of employing an expert
in this art, to treat jjatients promiscuously
might be one of doubtful expediency, we think
we may be excused for going back to our orig-
inal advice, to "go on with your work and let
'em alone." Now can we not drop the subject
for at least one whole year?
— —»»<»♦ ^
OUR 0\V.\ APIARV.

%r^N consequence of press of business pertain-
-IL, ing to the new year the inmates of the
forcing house have been allowed to slumber for
the past few weeks. Wiiiliy thiys \Yhen the

u

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

Jan.

sun docs not shine they winter as quietly as if
in the open air, and for the past weelv it has
ma le very little difference if the sun did shine
for with a temperature Ijelow zero our glass is
so obscured by frost that very few of the sun's
rays jjet throu<rh. Without any artiflcial heat,
and with the sash in a very insecure manner
the bees have only once been subjected to a
freezing temperature and then only for a short
time (Jan. 9th,) when the temperature was out-
side 18° below zero. The adjoining under-
ground apartment answers excellently the pur-
pose of modifying the extremes of both heat and
cold. We have had some extra sash made to
be placed at an angle of 45" over the horizon-
tal one, and proposed getting this in place
before the intense cold weather : in this how-
ever we were prevented.

WINTESI^fG BEES IN COLD FHAITIES.

A PAPER I£K.\1> HICFOKIO TUE SKVESTU ANNUAL SES-
SION OF THE MICH. 15EE-KEEPElfS ASSOCIATION
HELD IN KALAMAZOO, DEC. 1<>, AND 17, 1874,
BY II. E. I5IUWELL, SOUTH IIAVEX, MICH.

(NOTWITHSTANDING the important knowledge

%l which we possess on the subject of wintering

L^ bees, it is still impossible not to recognize the
hnmihiting tact that lliis is the source of our greatest
loss. The invention of movable frame hives marketl
an important era in the management of bees, and tlie
intro(Uictii)n ot' Italian bees increased the yielil of
honey and the number of colonies. The introduction
of these tv\o great im|n'ovements in bee culture bro't
with tlieni al^o two comparative evils, wliich have,
until now, never been overcome.

Ttie movable frame furnislied an air passage around
and between llie combs, by wliich the cold air in win-
ter chilled the honey and" bees. This was overcome
in a great measure Ijy the use of close litting frames,
which on account of iheir inconvenience in handling
have not come into general use. The Italian bees
were ofahiglier trniperament and more sensitive to
cold. These two evils 1 believe a-e now overcome in
the use of cold frames.

My average loss by the ordinary methods of winter-
ing bees lor the last twelve years, has been over one
lifth of the colonies, and nearly lour-lifths of the bees.
Willi the use of cold frames, I am coutident I can ])re-
serve swarms from flowers to flowers, witli their lull
liumbers.

On the third of last S;^ptember, while the bees were
yet busy at work on the (jolden rod we placed 80 col-
onies in live beds, tiom whicii tliey >vere alloweil to
fl.V out ireely as long as they i-ould get honey enougli
to pay, wliich terminated on the (iili ot' Octoiier, when
tlie sash were placed on and covered witli boards.
Tlic weather during the remainder of tiie montli was
Imusnally warm and clear, and the Vii swarms re-
niainiiig out were coniiiuialjy thing tar and near,
seai'cliing lor something to work' upon. They were
poorly compensated by a lew Irosted melons, some
cull peaclies ami jx'ars ami an occasional bunch of
graijes. This illy re))aid tlie loss of Ave i)Ounds of
honey and over.'iooo bees to each colony. Every pre-
caution was used to keep the bees quiet, such as fas-
tening down the honey-boards ami coveiing them
with caps ; contracting the entrance and shading i he
front of the hive with boanls; and erecting division
fences. This was a great gain, and was also being
done to protect them from the severity of the coming
winter. Tlie bees in the bed remained quiet except
when allowed to lly out an hour or two on tlie2nd and
25tli of November, and tlie iritli of December.

Care should be exercised in having the beds dry
■ivhen tlie bees are put in, ami the sash iicarlv level,
having only sutlii-ient slopi' to the south to carry olf
thi; rain. It is praciicable to bring the hives togcTlher
near their summer stands and cover them there with
the frames, which can be removecl in the spring and
the hives rclurned to their original stands. Twt> jire-
(iautions should be observed -the same relative i>()si-
tion should be ))reserved and Ihe hives should be
luovtfd Without jarring or dist\irbing the bees. As the
severity of winter aiiproa<'hes, the beds shoulil be
banked up with (^arth, straw or litter to preserver the
Uniformity of lemperalure within, which, when cov-
ed with boanls should be from 10 to fid ; and « hen
wanned uji by the sun, when the boards are removed,

from 70 to 80°. A trap for catching any mice which
may happen to get in, and and a thermometer suspen-
ded inside for making observations, compleftes the
process, which I hope, trust and believe will save
enough bees to make auccessful Ijee culture, not the
exception, but the rule.

FRIEND NOVICE :— I went over to see Mr. Bi<lwell
to-day, and get his i)aper, a copy of which I send yo\i.
1 found his bees that are in the cold frames, in gooil
condition, while those on their summer stands need a
fly badly, to void their fajces. AVintering under glass,
as practiced by Mr. Eidwell is undoubtedly a success.
As nearly as I'could judge, there were perhaps a table
spoonful of dead bees, to the hive, on the bottom of
Mr BidwelPs cold frames. There could not have been
more. This you will see, is reducing the loss to the
minimum, as the bees have been in these cold frames
about four months. Thus far, the loss all told, from
the colonies (lt>) in one bed does not reach the amount
olten lost from a single colony, in one day. in the
month of October. " Heubeut a'. Bukch.

South Haven, Mich. Jan. 12th, 1«7.5.

Mr. B's plan of moving the hives in the fall
and spring, we should be inclined tooppose,both
on account of labor involved and confusion
and disturbance that seems to us has resulted
among the bees when we have moved them thus.

His loss of bees is less than ours but our own
now get back quite satisfactorily. Although
the outside air was very near zero on the 17th
of Jan. we by artiflcial heat lilledthe air so full
of bees under the glass that it seemed as if they
never could get back strait, yet in the evening
we found inst four bees remaining on the sash,
No trace of dysentery, hives clean as in summer.

FUAIUEIS.

[For Gleanings.]

UY (at least so)ue of it is) M. quinbv.

JIEN you S])eak of the Qninljy frame do you

Wmean a frame just so large ? and are all frames
^ -^ just that size, for any hive ami i)lan, (^•uinby'sl-'
If 1 make some (ixl2 whose will they be ? Does t'apt.
Iletheringtou, KUvood and some others, who use a
frame two inches shorter than 1 do tell the tiuth, when
they tell us they use the Quinby frame? I want the
(Juinby frame distinguished from' others, by something
else, than size. The size I use at jiresent, accommo-
ttates me, when a smaller one, docs not. Let the
fault bo found where you tliink it is. If it is the fear
of su))erceding what isalready used, say so. I believe
it will be universally used (as I make it now) as soon
as bee-keepers learn a little better liow to manage
bees. Wlien president Olai'k acknowledged that he
could not manage a Quinby hive, in cold weather, he
did not cinnpliment himself on his skill and experi-
ence. I expect to make some hives with just the
IVames, that will be <diea)ily made, and will do to
l>ractice witli equallv well as anv for extracting.

"M. (,)uiNBv", St. .Johnsville, N. Y.

If it is 7(s that our friend is talking to we can
answer without hesitation that in our attempts
to classify frames we called everything Quiitby
that was about a foot high, and a foot and a
half long. We got the dimensions as near as
we could from Mr. Q's book, and after a while
supposing we had found good reasons for
thiidcing our first dimensions an error, we
changed them, and thereliy made trouble by
giving our customers two different sizes under
the same name. No one has ever favored us
with a suggi'Stion, that we can recollect, to
aid in our attempt to classify and render uni-
form the live principal frames in use.

iMr. (Juinby in his book describes a hanging
frame, and many such are in use ; later he has
made a "closed ends" frame that stands on the
bottom-boaril. We think we shall get on bet-
ter if we frankly admit that we have, perhaps
unwisely, looked with very little favor on this
last arrangement. Mr. Q. avc beg pardon. We
have very little "/wr" of any thing or any body,

1S75

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

ir,

(very likely, on the ground that he who "knows
nothinj; IVars nothin*;") and we do not tear to
confess we have been in error, when convinced
of it; not even if it involves pecuniary loss to
ourselves. Before iioing fartlier we may say in
justice to ourselves that we would snule, to
see the person who would dare undertake to
And the Queen or extract the honey from a
^lozen Q. hives as ((uickly as Ave could from a
like nund)er of our suspended fianie hives.
Now we have studied hard at intervals for the
l^t'.st six months on a hive so made that two
combs woulil make a nucleus hive that couhl
be eidarired by more of the same kind as need-
ed, to a 20 frame hive or more, and also that
this 20 comb hive could be quickly divided into
10, two comb nucleus hives, etc. We have such
nucleus hives now in use, and have only been
prevented from mentioninir tiiem in j)rint by
P. G's remonstrance (she is ill with the Ty-
jihoid fever now) that we were in too much of
a hurry with our improvements. This whole
liive was to be made of only three dittVrent bits
of wood except the frames and It some time
ago occurred to us that on Quinby's plan,
three pieces of wood would make the hive
(rlthout nn)i frnmfis ; that is if we have the sec-
tions that constitute the hive answer for frames
also. Now a serious question arises ; are the
old style box hives any better for wintering,
and brood rearing, than movable frame hives?
Is the space around the frames undesirable V
Quinby urges this strongly but it is his hive
and (begging his pardon) we should like some
others to say so too. We rather think Elwood
and Capt. Hetherington favor the idea.

When one has plenty of time to manipulate
such hives, and but little money to invest in
more convenient and better ones (we use this
phrase only after careful contemplation and
consideration) jierhaps the honey frame des-
cribed last month, enlarged to the proper size,
may be all the hive needed for profitable bee cnl-
t'lre. Three sticks cut accurately by machin-
ery— samples, or whole hives can be sent by
mail — and our troubles are all over. Stretch
them out long, or pile 'em up two or three sto-
ries at your own sweet will, and without any
quarreling. We presume Mr. Q. can tell you
how to cover the outside combs and top, cheap-
ly. Very likely we shall get a "bigger pile of
letters" than we have now, in remonstrance,
but dear friends such a pile of honey as Elwood,
Hetherington and Root, (we think no?r he must
be some relative,) will have more weight v.ith
us than 40 pages of foolscap. Please don't feel
unfriendly, but we really cannot publish all
these letters. Just compare these two items
c'ipped at random with our scissors from the
nuddle of letters.

I would not qh'c a Xew Idea hive awav, inucli le«s
aell it. I tried 1-2 ofthcni .-^nd tliinli I lost aljout S.'in.nn
on that nnml>er in onr; fcison. Xovice von liad
lictter srive up your "Standard New Idea'' and I will
send you a sample, hive holding ten l'2xl'2 frames and
40 section frames, etc.

K. S. Bkcktkll, New Bufialo, Mich.

Last season I had ii stcicks iu American liivcs— most
of them with empty cunili;? in sccinid story-and di<ln"r
jret TiO lbs. linney out of ujipcr combs— lU'cs would not
store honey in em))ty combs above, when they wouM
build, anil till combs rajjidly below, lieuce 1 conclude
two story liives are not mv iiui best holt.

L. b. Pakker, Chicago, 111.

Both used the same frame, American, 12x13.
Who is correct? Arc we not right in thinking

that either form would give honey perhaps
e(|ually, were no other conditions wanting?
We never exfu'cted any great advantage, l)Ut
oidy hopi'd the long hives would tlo eijually as
well, and abundant reports we think corrobo-
rate this notwithstanding llie few adver.se
reports like the ftn-mer one, above. It is the
same in regard to wintering, taking the r< -
l)orts all together, we must tliiiik it a disease,
and that severe cold ai^gravatcs it es])ecially
after the colony has become thinned down s>t
they are incapable of making a cluster large
enough to generate the reijuisiK; warmth.
JVIost of those who have wintered the most
succesfully, have had a dwindling down in the
spring in numbers that was in former years
unknown, and this is the case even in the war-
mer latitudes of the South. Bees fly out on
the snow, get on the bee house floor, or if con-
fined to the hive, accumulate on the bottom
boards, in a way they did not formerly. So long
as we get enough bees through to save the
Queens, Ave say Ave wintered them, but are they
really wintered as thej^ used to Avinter ? Please
don't stop Avriting; the facts you furnish us
are thankfully received and carefully read, but
Ave are sure very few of our readers Avould care
to so over it all as Ave do.

The question keeps coming: "What hive
do you advise? you are acquainted Avith the
results, and opinions expressed in regard to
most of them. What shall we start Avith so as
to be sure and start right?"' Once Ave thought
one hive Avould do for all but we fear it is
something like advising a farmer that Ave do
not know, as to Avhat crops he shall raise. If
our opinion Avill help you any, here it is in as
small compass as we can possibly make it.

WHAT HIVE SHALL I USE?

If you are already using Langstroth frame,
Quiiiby, Gallup, American, or Adair, keep on
using them, at least for the present. We do
not think there is any great advaidage in chang-
ing. If you thiid^ proper, test one or two broad
hives that Avill hold from IG to 30 of these same
frames, the hives are cheaper, and tee think
more convenient for the extractor. If you are
just commencing, Ave suggest that you adopt
our Standard Hive, not that it will give more
honey than any of the others, but that we think
it saves much valuable time, where time is lim-
ited. Where one has plenty of leisure, Mr.
Quinby's cheap hive has many advantages, and
Ave may be mistaken about the time needed by
an expert to open and close these hiAJ-es.

To make a real Quinby frame, take two end
pieces each 11 i.jxli.;>x'._, ; nail these into the
ends of toj) and bottom bars each lxl8/o, the
fortner i.j inch th'ick, and the latter "^^ only.
The to)) bar is nailed in flush with the tops of
end bars, the bottom bar raised -^o"; this al-
lows a passage betAveen bottom board and
bottom bars Avhen the frames stands on the
loAver ends of the tAvo end pieces. Quinby uses
a larire triangular comb guide naiied on the
underside of the top bar. We should prefer a
very thin strip of ]iinc. Even bad A\'orkman-
ship makes little difference Avith these cheap
hives for they are bound to "flt" any Avay.
When you Avish to house your bees simply car-
ry in as many frames as tlic bees are clustered
on and leave the b.-iiar.ce to give the frost a
chance to freeze out the n;oth millers.

ff;

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

Jan.

"IlOVIiS" NOT '•BL.ASTED."

nv A 1 AK.MKU S WIIK.

^■T^jjUIKNl) NOVICK: -1 woulil like to vvvilc you :i
ten Ion;;-, a very Ion;,' liatiT. iiml tell you all ahoiU my
"•) cxiu'i-iciici! Uiis v(!ar. but I will cndcavoi- lo lie
\>'n'i\ if I cMii, Tor when I ^'('1 lalkiii;,' or writiii;,' about
;>('(',s I <loirt know when lo stoo. Now il I coulil just
see vou, ami liavc- a ;;oo(l talk, lliat woiiM l>c' real com-
forl", to me at least, lor I ean talk at Hm; rate of forty
miles an hour, so my husltaml .says ami he oii^^lil lo
know. (;i.i;A.Nl.\<is has been a ^r'at liel]) ami eoml'ort
lo me, IVu' if m\' name niiiKl be reconltMl in llie «'olumn
of "IJlasteil Mopes," I like lo reail of llie success of
otlierri, and il, .L?i\('s me laitli lliat "what man lias
(lone, man may do." And I like to read about Novice's
o.xpevimenlH, and Ihink what a eondort it must be to
have a work-shop, and tools, ami vnao-lf lo usj lliem,
iliid bi! able to woi'k out inventions and improvements.
Ah Mr. Novice just liiink how yon w<ndd fe(d with
your head lull of all IIh; makin'^, inodeliiiic, expcri-
meiitiuf;, buildin;;- and jilanning, of hives, frames, (ex-
tractors, and the otiier numerous articles, thai you
have Kuccessludy irnrkcd mU since you commenced
bee-k(H;i)in^c; just iimiKini^ I say, how you wmdd feel
if yftu ha<ln t •'•tlic x/rcii</lh of (t 'raV ami liail lo liire it
alt done, or lei, it go. If you never r(eali/cd it before,
be l/iiuik/al UuUi/ou lire uin<(n., and be very j;ood lo
your wife, because she is unfortunate enouj;ii to be a
■woman.

Out (d' ei^dit, colonics of blacks Dial I bought last
H|irinK 1 have put live in the cellar; finn- Italiain/ed
and one willi black Queen. Had lo feed Ihem sugar
Byrup liu' wiidei' stores. Don't think I fed eai'ly
enough or fast enough for they did not get more than
()n(!-third of it sealed. IJiitriind thai souk; of llui
syrup llial w:-;s Icfl in th(Min that I made it in, has
not can<lled in Ihe least, so I ho|ie it will be all riglil.
1 am (d'l'. (i's opinion, lliatsyru|) is better to b(e boiled,
for when 1 did not boil il, il wouhl eiiiiili/, or sii</(ii; on
the liieders. I liave one colony of very nice marked
Italians Imt Ihey are very weak, only cover three
Combs, lliink I shall hav(! lo itnile them in llu' spring,
ought lo perhaps this I'all but liail hardly failli in my
own jud;.;nu'ML and let it go. If we don't havie a far
(liilei'eiit sjiiing next year, from what we liad last, I
liave every reason lo .sui)po.se that my success will
still be in a decreasing ratio, lor this |)ast year lias
been a hard one for bees lunc, cold and backward
Kpring, di ought and iiu lumey after basswood season.

1 lliirik lliat this is not a very good iilace for bees for
liaslurage is /(;(* .srcr//('/'/;i!/. W'liite clo\'iu- only on llu;
roati siile. liasswood scattering u)) and down IIk; riviu'
Iroiii a half a mile upwards, and but lew scattering
trees at Ihal. \ little llmdiwheal is sown withii! a
half mile. I\ly liusbaml has just bought a farm, and
has promised lo m'X out some basswoods, in the spring,
and wishes lo take llie J'rnhie l''<iniiei-. 1 wish he
could take something lo giv(t him failh in bee-keeping,
Jor lie has no more in 11 lliait 1 have in perjielaiil ino-
tion. linl my faith Is like a mouulaiii, and 1 am bound
to xueeeeii.

1 hav(! not written on one side of the iiajxir for
lliis is not a lellcr lo an Isdilor, but lo IViend Jyovice,
Willi whom I feel aci|uiUMlei| and who I hope to see
sometime and also llltU^ "ISlue Kyes" and I*, (i.

IMu.s. i:. M. J\1i':civI,i;k, .Manchester,
Delavaii ('o., Iowa. Dec. -JSlh, 1871.

Now Mrs. M., perhaps it is very IbrtuiKilt!
tliat you i-amiot sec us and have a ",i>'oo(l talic"
for to be candid, wt; shoiihl (|uan-el avvriilly
tmlcss you would ^ive up some oftiie ideas you
liave just expn^ssed, and a woman never "yives
lip" esi)ecialiy irslie is wro/i;/.

In the (Irst piatie, l)eii;,i<in,n- VDur parihni, we
don't l)('!ieve a woi'd about your not liavin^^the
"streiiiijtli of a rat" iiiid to i)rove our jiosition
W(; will appeal to your Jiusband especially
wlu'u you wisli to accomiiiisii soiiudliinn' tliat
has had just eiiouuli opposition, to arouse your
niubition. Your iietlinn' an idea tiiatyou have
no strenirtli, may l)e your worst weakness. We
Kiiau't admit tliat Mrs. N. is unrorlunate at all
in bei/if/ a ■iooiiiaiii but we should consider it a
threat misforlunce ifshe should i^et tiie idea that
her sex in any way ,u'ave her a less chance of
being useful to her lellow beings. \vv\ likely
the more you talk to your husband, the more

firmly he will l)ecome set in his incredu-
lity, husbands are much like wives sometimes
in this respect. Just droj* Ihe subject until you
can show him 51) or 100 lbs. of honey from a
colony. Don't let the idea is^et into your head
thiit your locality is at fault. The admission
that you fed late makes us think tlu; fault is
all y(Hir own. Do not l)e in a hurry to increase
your number of stocks; on the c(jntrary en-
deavor to keep them all in om; hive as loiiii; as
possible; after you can show a good report
from a few, and iiave got she upper hand, then
you can think of increase. Boil the syrup l»y
all means if you prefer to.

We fear the above doi'x almost look "quarrel-
some," but then Mrs. JVI. the very best friends
we have in the world are the ones with whom
we have had the "biggest (luarrels," and wc
earnestly hope to see you not- only convince
your iiusbaiul, but other folks too, that women
can succeed as bee-keejiers and that they hitve
as much strength of brain if not of muscle as
the other sex ; at any rate their power to make
mankind better, which is a far more important
thing than either, we honesMy l)e'ieve to be far
in excess. Did you really get no honey from
your eight colonies V and what have you done
with the other three':' If your experience has
so far been all outlays, and wo income, we
would reverse it next season at all hazards.
You have hives enough and if you can't do any
better, lake out comb honey in frames, until
they can pay for an extractor themselves. Be
independent, and make your bees be indepen-
dent- also. Pecjple that pay for everything as
they go along, aie the happiest, and ha\e the
best right to be the sauciest ^if tliey wish to be)
of any ill tlu; world.

It just now occurs to us that this letter was
not intended for i)rint. Will you not excuse
us Mrs. M. ':* Renieniber you have a nation of
sistei's who are laboring against similar dis-
advantages.

S'B'IS A \V m A'B'.S.

^jqijjROM J7r/r'v Florid Guide No. 8, 1874, we
iJ.i extract the following: With many this
is a month of leisure ; of course the size of the
mats will need some modillcation to adapt
them ti) Hee Hives. Every body knows James
Vick, of Rochester, N. Y., we suppose, if they
do iKn tliey should at once send tor his incom-
parable catalogue for 1875.

The straw mats, which we have referred to for cover-
ing Uie iiit, are also very useful articles for the garden-
er in shailing his lorcing IVanu^s or protecting them
from the cold in nighls of early Spring. These mats
are easily ma<le and oiu; can limploy his liiiui upon
them in Very cold (M- stormy wealher, when nothing
can be dom"^ to ailvanlage ("uilside. In order to make
a good arlicle and lo work to advanlage it is best lo
eiii[)loy a frame, siudi as shown in Kig. 1.

FIG. 1.
This frame may he made of I wo by lour .vtulfldi- llie
■lides, ofthe length reiiuircd for ihe mal, and of two

tSTr*

lU.KANlNCSIN BEE rULTl HE.

TT

ttransvcrsi' iiirccs inorliiccl iiili) (licm ;il llic rmls.
J''our IVi'l will 1)1- Itmiiil .1 \rry roiivciiitnl wiillli lor
111)' iVaiiH'. 'I'liis Iraiiii'work cjiii if.-l u]>o\\ a imir of
wihmIcm linr.-cs. ahoiil two Irct in luif;Iil, in wlilcli |i<i-
Hllioii tlu' l;iliof rail lie n\<>;-t ca-ily |ici ronncil. In the
■ciiKiax iii^' \M' liavc ^ll<l^vll unl\ Iwo sli inf;s, liul a nial
■olt.iur l(«'t widlli sIkiuM liavc al lfa;-l Idiir siring'',
wliich will make llif -paces hclwccn alxnil nine ami
i.nc-liall iiiclics in wiillli; closer IvinK Hniti lliis even
woul.l lie in-eleialile. ^i rew s aie iii-seite<l al llieiirop-
ei- ilislan<'es <in IIumtoss iiie<-('S, (o wliicli llie strinn's
are alla.'licd. 'J'lie slvaw is placed on Uu^ strings (*o as
ici liave all Hie Imlls or lower ends (tunc iigaliisl tJie
-ides of llie IVame, willi tlie tops
ineelini; in llie middle, and .so
(liick its to liave llie mat not
more tlian tliicc-iinailers of an
cincli ill lliickness wIk'h llni-hed.
The slitcJies sliould imI lie moi\!
than llii'ee-roiii'llis ol'aii incli in
Avidlli. Tlie liciiig string should
lie wiiiind on a leel, and llien^
-lioiild lie <ine of Uiem I'or eacli
slalionerv tilriiig. 'I'lie mellnid
•ill' lieing is sliow n in llie illns-
Iralion, Fig. J. Takealillle oC the straw wllli tlie
Icll hand and work IJie reel with Hie rif;l,l, lirst <iv<'r
Ihe straw and llien niider the sl.ilioiicry string, Iniiig-
iiig it liiiciv lietwct'n the two strings, iuilling lightly
and pi'cssing the straw so as lo liave a Ihit wlilch. In
this wa}' the work is( ontinncd until the mat la linisli(^<l.
m •♦♦ ^
THE I'OISlNtM S 1..%! ICICI. lff01Mi:,V
4)1' VIK(.ilMIA.

1»Y .». tiUAM.MKK, M. D.

•k;. '.'.

j]y^:F];IIK Nov. numlK'rory<tur(irKAM\<;s, IViv wliich 1

^j5| wrotesoine time ago, v\ as promptly recci\('(l, it lias
*-^i lieen read IVoni lie;;inning lo end, .idverlisemenls
and all. I was aware liie art ot I'.ee culture, like ev-
i-r\ thing else in the present ag'', had lieen linuiglil lo
ji high degree ol' pel r<(lioii : liiil thr exleiil lo whicli j
it really has been carried, Ihe numlier and variety of
Ilie aiipliaiices used in it, ami Hie success w hich it lias I
:iitlaine<l liavi^ struck me with great astonishment. 1

Yonr corres|ioii<l( I.I, writing Irom the Shenandoah
\'alley, seems lo tliiiik that he has come l<i understand j
'•the matter tliorouglily " in n'gard to "\ irginia wild
<ione\," liiil In- is still 'rather in the «lark. It is line
«hat "wlierever the m<iiinl.iin Laurel grows, the liees ]
nvr ver\ loud ot'il, luit "Laurel honey" is not coiilliied
lo the I'ri/il bees, lor the (ame ones will also resort to
the llowcis, ,.nd it is dangerous, lor any one nnaMe to
<lelect lh(! taste, lo eat the lioney. It has a highly
poisiiHius elVecl, being an cNlremelx distressing nar-
<-olic, varying in its eJI'ects in proportion to tin' i|iian-
tity eaten". During llie war, as a Surgeon in the Coii-
lei'lerale arnn. and camiiaigning a good deal in //ic
IVf/Zr.!/ [as wc'call it; I had iiiaiiv (ipporlnnilies of wit-
messing its elleets, ;ind on <ine oc <'asioii, iieisoiuil <-\|ie-
a ience gave me Ihe i iglil to say lli.it I know somi'thing
jiliout it, as well as \()ur coiicspondeiit. He says he
onh hislril it, lint not being loicwaiueil, or rather, not
heiiig a<(|uaiiiled Willi Ihe l.aste ol Hie "L;uirel honev"
I alt' a sm.'ili (niantii\ ol it, and was prevented li>' the
<lls;igi('e,il)h' lasle I'roni eating more. My comrades,
( iiu:ill\' ignoranl, and not i|uili' so laslidiiius, indulged
juori^ ir<'ely, and conse(|iieull\ siillered in proportion.
1 do not reiiiember xcrs distinctly Hie symptoms, but
;iH lU'.'irly as I c;in rec.dl Hicm, my sens.'itions were
fhese: .Sojiie time alter eating, a i|Ueeris)i s<'nsatlon
ol' liiigling all over, iiidlslinct \ i-ion, caused liy <lila-
I at ion ottlie uupils, w ilh an enipl\, di/,/,y leel iiig about
Ihe lu'ad, and a horrible nausea that would not relieve
jlsell' by vomiting. In my lase this lasted pcrliuiis an
hour, liut mv companions wt're worse oil, and com-
lilaiiK'd oniio sy in|iloms two or three hours. They
liow(,'vei- had mil- eaten enough to sull'er as much as I
)iave seen otheis. The lirst eas*' or Iwo Ihal I saw
were enlirelv overpowered by il, and their appearaiic(!
was e.xacllyas il'they were dead drunk, and I should
<-frlainlv have iirondnnced them so, had not llieii'
mes.-niaies as-nred me lo the I'oiilrary, and had 1 not
uiscoveicd that Ihcy were rational and sensible of
«lieir comlition, as sliown by their imperlect elVorls to
arliciilale. To speak tech'nii'ally, Ihe innervation ot
all th(^ volunlarv mnscles was completely deslroycil.
The U!ii' ol' Hie usual remedies, or antidotes I'or nar-
<-olics jiarlially restored them in ;i lew liniirs, but thu
clVeclsdid not enlirelv wear oil' for two or three days,
.Mild I was as^u^ed Iliat I'alal consequences liavi; be(;n
known tolollowaloo tree indulgence in the sweet
but treacherous product of the "mo.lels ol industry."

Where there is no iMonntain l.aiinl lo iioi-on their
hbiicv, the w ild bet'.s of N'irgiiiian lau iiinke as good

honey as any others. Of eonrst; tlu! iiuiility of tlie
honev varies with the. character of lln^ flowerH from
w hich it is made, ;iiid 1 ha\e si'en as good lioiioy iVoiu
a lie<' Iree on Ihe edge of a Held of clover an iwn'lia]).-;
the bees of 1 1 \ melhiis e\er made.

If the shell a lid oali \'alle\ I e such a line count rv for
bees, I am salislied that this region will be much" bet -
li'r, fol- Ihougli Ihc soil is not so productive of <-ereals
etc.. Hie varielv and abundance of wild llowers Is
mncli grc.'iler, clo\er grows \ erj well and the climate
is several degrees milcler. Itees here art^ never shel-
tered in winter, and I do not renutmber ever lo ha\e
liearil of a colon\- being destroyed by cold wealher.

Halifax C. II. ■ N'irginla.

I l''or (ileanings.!

\vi]\'r]:Ki!\(ii AiMi* '-rvi^w iin:.% iiivks.'^

Ill .1 .\]\ii:s II i;i)i>«).\.

;\ i;aU KDITOlt: Owr (xrpvrwnrr has taught lis
lliiit a wall <if siiw-<lust uutl (If mad(( thick
eiKingh) |irolecl bees from cold iipially as well
as any cclhir. We liave such a house that cost, us not
to exceed jf-'.''). 00 ()/// and will not its coiixeniciice, ivlieii
compared with a cellar, pa,\' the interest on Ihe cost,
annually y We think we have learned that when
bees are housed in a reasonably waiiii (ilace, lliat //ic
tfxx iipiiiird t'ciililati'i/i l/iii/ tuwc, Ihc hcl/cr. .\re eX'
perimenling on the above last named point again Hiis
wilder. Is not a house drier Hum a cellar ':' Onr house
works lo a charm, giving lis good conlrol over Hie
temperalnre.

I. J 'ill -i/imr Im'cx in tlicir n'itilfr iihoili\ in siirli <i
■tiKiiuit'r lliiil //ill/ irill tiol Jciioiv llicji /nivr been tiinri'iL
In my opinion this is 'rilio great, and as tar as 1 can
see, only advantagi^ out-door wintering has over Hie
hoiisi'.

'2. (ilve your bees every ijoixl opportuiiUy to lly, thai
is alVorded", Hiroiighotit the entire year, wheil they
can possihlii be beiielltled lliereliy.

;!. Do not suiter y«nir bees lo lenialu for any eonsJd-
erable lenglli of liiiu', in a temperature of o2' F. or
Ik'Iow, iluriiig wilder or spring.

1 think I should have lost one-half of niy apiary, last
winter, or rather last spring, hud I not have (tarried
them il' ;in<l out many liim's, and that loo so noiseless-
Iv Ihal llie> never knew il. As it was 1 lost but oni,
and Ihal one was "lost" (l.Mieenlcss) the fall previous.

"J'.ut how" am I lo d<i ;ill this prailically ? I'm yeiP'
bees inio small hives, wliich yen will liiid Hie nio.-l
prolilable in Hie end, both 'summer and winter. I
make all mv hives of •„ lumber (ilressed on bolli sloes)
except the' i;ibbeted end pie<'es, which are ■,; inch
thick. Don't l.'iil to use .'i light boltoiii, if you expect
to "gel \ onr bees inl<i the repository willioiit their
knowing it." and lliat loo easily, and without a lot of
dirt, inbbish etc,. II'\oii use any Hour lo \<iur bt e
house, other than ".'NIoHier c rHi" lilace about two or
llircc inches of saw -dust on il, Ihal you wid lia\e no
need logo about "lip-loeing." 1 place mine on shelves,
.■irranged a la Novice, and also have about an inch <il
saw-oust oil these. Now as iii\- house door is not lar-
tliei lliaii about II) feet Irom ll'ie larlherist hive, I <'aii
easilv jilace everv one of my K> hivi's in their respect-
ive p'laces ill u slligle hour, 'all alone, and so sHIl lh;il
oiilv iibont li'ls see I btdieve six slocks, llinmgh
carelessness did seem lo know that somebody was
around. With this arrangemenl, yon will not put oil'
|iiilliiig ill Nour bets "lor fear wiiiler has not come
vet" iiiilil the liives are all wet and :^nowy, as it will be
"easv and no drawback to Ihe bees lo set Hieiii out
should \<m have a sec(ui<l Indian sumiiier. .\ller sel-
ling Miiir colonies out in spring, and when old lioreas
Hire.-ilens to visit lis again, von w ill not entertain any
acconiodalion theories, that 'H guess it wont last
long," but go and put them ritihl hmk <iil<iiii. 'irealcd
aH above I have no l'e;irs that I shall not take out as
many live slocks as I |iul in, in good order, provided
however, that soimr epidemic does not steal through
th(^ venlila'.ors, and perhaps "sweep clean."

Mr. T. I'', ningliam, one of Michigan's most siicce.ss-
ful .\plarisls t<ild me last spring lo "notice II my small
colonies not store more lione\ in proportion, than my
larg<' ones;" olVering that the'v would. I did give Hiis
point sjieclal attention and ibund it as he Htated, anil
as far as exiracteil honey is concerned even down to a
tea-cnpfnl ol bees.
Dowaglac, Mich. I)c<'. Ith, 1H74.

VVliilt! wc; arc prepai-eil to warmly imlorsc
most of the iihovo, a lew points \\v tliiiiU arc
open U) iii-avf (h)iil)ts, viz: c:in a lioiisi! he Jcept,
card iis well as a (•elltir'r' Is a frceziiifj; U'liipcr-
atiire nectssarily dolctL'rious'i' Can liivcs be

18

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

Feb.

carried oiit so silently that the bees will not
fly out? or are they to be confined the while?
Lastly are we to <;b back so far as to entertain
the idea that ?m/ A;' colonies gather more honey
in proportion than strong ones? Friend H.
we are afraid yonr judgnient is a little — no, no,
we won't argue, but we will all observe care-
fully in our'own apiaries the coming season.
Saw-dust on the shelves and, floor is a glorious
idea, and many can use it during the coming
spring. Thanks.

Obitiitiry.— K. C. Otis, who is well known to the.
hee-keeping fraternity, died Auji-. 31st, 1874, at Mount
Pleasant, Iowa, in the (Ust year of his ase.

M. M. BALi>Hii)(ii:, St .Charles, Ills. Jan. 14th, 1875.

Gleanings in

Bee Culture,

PuWisSicd

inoi»tlily.

.jfb^. X. E,OOT <Sc CO.,

EDITORS AND PROPRIETORS

MEDINA

, OHIO.

T'ex'jus : ySc Per* A.iimiiii.

[Including Postage]
For Club Rates see Last Page.

"l^^EIDJIsr^A., FEB. 1, ±&'75.

When wc "call again," we will tell yon of the many
things want of space only, forbids our telling now.

A. B. J., on good time. World, on the 12th, and li. K.
JL, not until the 18th.

(JUIN15Y offers a six frame hive complete for S1.75.
Send for his new circular.

W. W. Bird, Freedom Mills, O., otTers a beautiful
material for smoking bees for $10.00 a cord.

The great Ilonev men of York State meet at the
Buttcrfield House at Utica on the 3rd and 4th of Feb.
1875. M. Quinl)y, President, and J. II. Nellis, Sec.

A. B. J-. and B. K. M., have lioth advanced thoir
wholesale rates so much that we are obliged to raise
our cUibliing rates to S-2.50 on the former and l'2.00 on
latter, and 15.00 once more for all, after this date.

, \Vk certainly shall have to beg jiardon of our Knglish
Cousins. There /s a I>riti>;h I'.ce .Journal, and it has a
.Novice, Metal Corners, Simiilici!}- Hives, (,)uills, and
even a Lam)) Nursery. More an(ni. Thanks are due
friend Murphy, of Fulton, Ills., for back No's.

, Friend Elwood omitted to carry out his llgures In
his report la* t uiontli and unfortunately the task de-
volved on Novice just at a tinu' wlien he had been
.working all dav, and nearly all night too in his zeal to
g:ive you all your jiapcrs; promptly by the first of the
month as usual, lie i>nh' made hvQ blundei-s, and
both on the sale side ; the re|iort should foot $;5310.1i,
instead ofj;i872.10. _.,

HONEY' BEABtI]\G PLANTS.

A TEW W ORDS ON THE Sins,JE<CT ISY PROF'. KIRTLAN!).

f|I|HE plant inclosed. Is the (•hick-weed {Sl.cllarid
media) (if Botanists', a native of Kiiroi)e, intro-
, _ -J duccd ami iiow CQriimon everywhere, es])eclally
an rich garden soils, where it bei'oiues a nuisance. It
js either an annual, or a biennial, very liardy, may
often be found in flower even in llic winter months;
whercNcr the snow melts away the little star like
flowers appear. Tliey. with the Knglisli snow droiis
[(laUintldOij and l]if'J>ttjihiir riiixi'riinii art', tlie first
flowers in my garden, in the month of March, to at-
tract my l)ee.s away, t'roni their supples of huliaii meal,
li'ye flour or groiuid Linseed cake. These ])lantsare
all Foreigners and when introduced Into our garden
liut forth their blossoms earlier than any of our indig-

enous plants. Vid. Dr. Darlington''s American Weedtt
and useful plants^, page 59.

The investi.LTatiiin of tlie merits and intrinsic valui!
of Honey-bearing plants, is an important matter; and
I am miich gratified to learn that you are directing
your attention to it. From the year 1810, down to the
present moment, it has to some extent, occupie<l my
stiulies, and been the subject of exi)eriment, and ob-
servation. If at any time my suggestions will be of
service to you, they will IJe reiulered gratuitously
with pleasure, provided the infirmities of advancetl
age and ill health do not interfere.

At i>resent, it is somewhat problematical whether
any species of the vegetable kingdom can be profitably
cultivated, on an extensive scale solely for producing
honey.

Many years since, my friend Biemiller, of the Zoar
Community, in Tuscarawas County, showed me a field
of several acres, thickly covered with the liape plants,
then in full bloom, and" swarming with liees, from his
extensive ami well arranged Apiary. Besides the bee
feed they sup|)lied, their seeds \v ere manufactured
into oil, which at that day, together with corn oil
(Fusel oil of the distilleries) furnished the supply for
lights, extensively in the West. He thought that for
this double ])urp6se the cultivation of the Rape was
l)rofitable. The Ohio Canal was then in progi-ess of
constructiom and Whale oil was not brought into the
State. Lard oil was not thought of; and Petroleum
had not entered the imagination. Besides Fusel oil,
at that the Burnee, has since, by the appliances
of the Distiller's art been converted into the Burnor,
and is now the main element of poison in modern
whiskey, that burns out the mucous coat of the stom-
ach and irritates the brain of the inebriate into Delir-
ium Tremens.

At this day the cheap supply of Petroleum renders
Rape of no value as the furnisher of a burning oil,
hence its cultivation for its supply of bee stores would
not i)erha))s i)ay.

In my belief the true Chinese Mustard hobls out the
best ]iros)iects for tliis purpose of auy plant at present
known. Jt is the Sinapis Chinensis of Don's Garden-
ers Dictionary, Vol. 1, page '24it,

Twenty years since, 1 found it cultivated in a gen-
tleman's" garden in Northern Imliana for greens ami
salad, and five years since I found it in a Jew's gar-
den, at Volusia, on St. John's river, Florida, where it
was used for the same purposes. It produces more
than double the quantity of llowers and seed than
either the black or white mustard, tlie species usually
cultivated in tliis State. The last named is too fre-
quently sent out from our seed stores as the Chinese.
If l)atches of ground be sown at suitable intervals of
time from early sjiring, till near the close of summer
our bees will be constantly occupied in collecting
honey during those ])eriods wlien tliey are usually
idle for the want of such supples, as will be thus fur-
nished. The seed of tliis kind is jieculiarly adaiHed
for grinding into the i)0|iular cdudiuient ; always
commands a reaily market; and good price, and will
insure sufiicient in<'<ime to rei^ay for its cultivation.

From causes alluded to, 1 am a retired member
amoiur Bee-('ulti\ators. Two years since I reduced
my Apiary froui Km to 1(1 stocks and this small number
I havi' harilly strength to manage.

I am furllur gratified to learn that you are success^
fully and esseiuially simplifying tlie structure of the
hive. The Honey bee woul<t ri'(iuire enlarged capac-
ities to comprehend the labyrinths and mysteries,
involved in many of the modern patent liivcs."
With great respect, Yburs, J. P. Kirti,ani>.

East Ilockjiort, Cuyahoga Co., O. Jan. 19th 1875
The specimen oi" Ciiickweed referred to was
ssnt us by a Southern ft lend whose name we
have cal'elessly lost. We failed to recognize it
on account of extra size of both leaf and blos-
soms. If we remember, bees were busy on it
in Dec. We think the oil from Rape seed is
(]uite in demand just now, for some purpose;
will some one inform us in regard to it? Our
bees are very attentive itideed to the common
mustard, and we liope to give the Chinese a
trial this season. We feel sure our readers all
join us in tendering thanks to our vcneral)le
teacher for his kind otfer of assistance. Plants
to be named had better be mailed to us. Send
a pressed specimen of the stalk with leaves at-
tached, and if possible the flower also. Those
having Botanies, will find tlnin great aids in
investigations.

1875

GLEANINGS m BEE CULTURE.

10

TO GKOW CATNir TO BLOSSOM TIIK FIRST YEAU
IKOM TIIK SKKI>.

Sow on cloiiu rich ^rroiind ;inv lime in Feb. or March,
•one ounce or;ro(>(l sccil Tor 10 square rods. Sow hroail
fast ;inil imll tlie weeds in tlie earh i>art of tlie >easoii.
But tl\e nio<t jirofit will accrue iVoni it, . alter tlie first
Aear. liv transplant inj; oi\ ricli ^-ouiid in rows tliree
ieel apart, and cultivMte. Tlie trKnsiilantin.ir would
he better done in tiie tall were it not that tlie IVee/iiifj:
and thawiii!,' of our stiQ' cbiy lands during- winter
lieaves tlie plants all out on the to|( of the jjround. I
loc^t several thousand plants in this wav last winter.

M. Neyins, Cheviot, llannlton Co., ().

As Mr. N. is the inoncer In Catnip, ami also
'ihc only one ofForiiii; scod t'roni cuUitdted pldrds,
we think lie shonld be patronized. See his ad-
vertisement in Sept. No., Vol. 2.

WHY DOES HOKEY SOUR ETC.

EYCIIAS. F. MUTH.

BEAR NOVICE:— In your remarks on my artiele
on Out-Door Wintering: pajje 13v» of Dec. No. of
GLEANiNtis you express your 0]iinion that a

•small swarm would accumulate "mould where a large
swarm wouM not, and that a larjje swarm would jret
alonfr with unsealed honey when you would fear for
n weak one. I differ with you and shall try to jrive you
'the i)oints, wibhii^.j? to be "correcteil if 1 ain wionjjf. I
have told you that the top protection of my hives in
winter is "a straw mat. My combs don''t show any
mould what<>ver. I jiay no attention to my combs
beinpr capjicd or uncapped and I can show any one
that no mould accumulates with the weakest one of
my swarms. ;My honey does not get sour in the cells
nor in oi)en vessels in my store. But I liave a cellar,
in one damp corner of which stood since last season a
"•2 gallon stone jar lilled with honey, well covered up.
Barrels had been rolled in front of the iar, and when
it turned up again, a few weeks ago. the honey was
■comiiletely sour. If this jar of honey had been stand-
ing in a well ventilated room, it would certainly not
have soured. Don't you think so? Cannot we apply
the same rule to bee-hives?

The weakest one of my swarms may eventually
Ireeze out. but I am sure no mould will accunuilate, no
iioney will sour in the hive even if every comb was
uncai3ped. and I may add I will have no dysentery
among my bees. The necessity of an upward ventila-
tion is shown very plain if one lays the cover of hive
Hat on the straw mat. In less than two weeks the
T>iat is so mouldy '.when the swarm is strong) that one
ran not see thesewing twine. The mat is mouldy all
through, and smeils like foul straw. The combs' are
mouldy and the bees are in a fair way of getting dys-
entery if it only keeps cob! a little longer and tliey
have hot )denty lower ventilation. The air of the hive
is unhealthy for the bees and their honey is souring
for the same reason my houey soured in the cellar.
only that the souring process was hastened on in the
liive by the heat created by the bees. The unhealthy
air in the hive is generalh" the cause of dysentery, in
my estimation, but not the cold weather nor the"late
<;ollected honey. And the straw mat is good for noth-
ing if you don't allo\v an air passage above it.

India-rubber is a mucli better non-conductor than
woolen cloth, and clothing of the same stufl" would
keep us verv warm but it would be an unliealthy heat
because India-rubber is no absorber. The straw mat
is an absorber and a ^loor cond\u-tor; willi it on top
of the frames and an an- passage above, the air of the
!iive is continually renewed without admitting a cold
<lraft. Cincinnati, O.

Very ffood so far as dysentery is concerned,
iMit in the late "sprinij" troubles the bees die
fiff, with dry clean combs and no symptoms of
this difflcufty. Such at least was the trouble
in onr own and neiiihborinjj: Apiaries. No un-
favorable rejiort has ever been received of the
mats. How late in the spring do you keep
them thus friend M. ?

REPORT FU0.1I P. H. ELAVOOD.

Continued Frovi Last Month.

ing to sell a pound. Very much will dei)end however,
on the (lualily ol the hoiicy. When i)ro|)erlv ripened
and i)reservi'd it will be cinial to box lioney" in flavor
and sujierior to it in (•onsistency. Large (juantitles of
that now offered in market is uiifit to eat.

It has b-i'n very diflicult to control swarming the
past season and we were compelled to make a humlred
artificial swarms. In a few cases, afler-swarms have
left taking the last young (Jneen from a liive. and
therefore leavinir it luipeb^ssly (^)ii('cnless. In one case
tlie last l^uccn left when all (biccii cells excejit the
one from which it hatcheil had been <1estToyed a week
before; it was a good swarm and had pleiity of room
for comb building ami storing honey.

We have now ■27.') colonies. '250 in good condition, •y^
fair. Fed but one barrel of sugar as the most of the
swarms were well supplied with good honey. Twi -
thirds of our bees are out of doors wliere they winter-
ed best last winter. The remainder are in a liee-cellar
similar to the one recommended bj- Novice in last
Gleanings. The temperature remained very uniform
in it last winter and some sliglit diatiges liave been
made for this winter wliiidi will make it still better.
I think those boards Novice nails to the Inside of raf-
ters will be presse''. off liy the weight of earth and
snow above. rBnt we said "cover the earth with a good
shinqle roof— Ed.]

The following is a record of the only swarm we keiit
a tally of. It will show when the most of our lioney
was gathered. The extracting was done evenings up
to Aug. 11th. No account kept of cajipings and frac-
tional pounds.

June 29th. 5 lbs.

Julv4th. 11 "
"" Sth, 30 "
'• IHth, 31 '•

July 2.3i-d, .58 lbs.

" ioth, hi "

" 2i)th, 65 "

Aug. 1st, ()5 '•

AU£

lbs.

S Til INK a good market for extracted honey can be
established as "Scientific" suggests in A. li. X, in
— any farming community, for we shall dispose of
nearly a thousand pounds liere at home without trv-

. .5th,

Sth, n; •'

nth, (i-2 "
ITtli. 43 '■
26tll, 37 "

Total 582 lbs., all white except last 80 lbs. Basswood
coinmenceil about July 20th. and lasted until second
week in Aug. No additions made to this swarm. No
stimulating in spring. Wintered out-doors in Quiiib.V
hive. Weight of bees Aug. Sth. 14^ lbs. If empt"v
there must have been % of UfO.OOO. As a part were
filled with honey 50.000 bees I think woiilcl be a fair
estimate of their number. This number is not equal
to that sometimes given to swarms from estimates of
brood, but we had but two or three Queens that sur-
liassed this, and that but slightly. The mother of the
Queeu in this swarm is a jnire Italian, producing
(^>ueens of uniform prollticness and good color. They
will average nearly as ijroliflc as the one I have men-
tioned and we have two or three that will, as stated
above, slightly surpass her. None of her grand-daugh'-
ters are black. I shall have none of this stock to sell
but will try and get Mr. Quinby to raise a few Queens
if any want them. A common "objection to the Italian
bee is that they arc poor wax workers ami do not
work well in boxes and that combs after sealing have
a watery appearance. This objection, so far as mv
limited "experience goes, does not hold good with tliis
family of Itali.ans; they work in boxes as well as the
blacks. But they are those "light colored Italians," I
hear some of yoiir Western bee men say.

All of our bees are in the Quinby hive and after
another season's trial I like it betterthan ever. Doo-
little says one man can care for a hundred swarms
when run to box honey. I am not dlsjiosed to tjues-
tion the truthfulness of this statement with the ma-
jority of liives in use. but with the IJuinby hivi; a man
should take good care of two hundred colonies. AikI
lam backed iiji in this statement by one of the most
successful honey producers in America. That so suc-
cessful an Apiarian as ( 'a|)t. Hethei'ington should have
discarded the hanging frame and at a cost of several
thousand dollars transferred his bees to the (Juinby
hive, is a fact well worthy the attention of such meli
as the Rev. W. F. Clarke, who, (judging from Iiis re-
sults) condemns the hive before he has learned how
to maniinilate it properly. One day in the latter part
of June I visited an out-yard containing (!0 colonies.
I arrived at 10 o'clock A. M. and came away at 5 o'clock
P. M. Wliile there I took apart every hive, took oft"
all the quilts and panels, put on the hoiiey boards, took
from each case twenty-four two comb "boxes, where
they had been iiiled iiromiscuously for convenience in
moving, replacccl them In jiroper position for filling,
liesides spreading the brood nest in five-sixths of the
hives. This was acconijilished with the loss of as few
bees as with any hive with which I am acquainted not
even excepting" ha;iging frames with that almost in-
dis])ensable aita<'hincnt. (in corners. And I venture
the assertion that C^ucens were in less danger of being
killi'il than in any hanging frame hive in use. 1 men-
tion this ()|KTatii'>ii nii)s.tlv for the benefit of those who
seem to think that it s)Miils tiie best part of a half day
to open and close a <>>uiiibv hive. I'. II. El. WOOD.

Starkville, llerk. Co., N."Y. Dec. 17th, 1874

20

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

Fee,

y^©p'C*i*'^-Lig^ E Ji©oiiii» ^^ ill ^®

^E think it now demonstrated beyond a
jiyj doubt, that bee-keepin,:; on the avera.ite
pays well ; at least our subscribers are sending:
very cheering i-eports. That our new readers, of
which we have a large number, may see tliat
these larirc crops are not contined to any par-
ticular locality or persons, we submit the fol-
lowing reports :

I f?ot 1400 lbs. of honey this year from 23 stocks, part
of them weak in S)>rin.u:. Have ii now.

M. II. Mii.sTEK, Frolma, Perry Co., Mo.

From a strength of six stocks last spring.' I got 400
lbs. beautiful thick honev and increased them to 18
stocks. liKv. John Fotiikuinguam.

Woodham, Ontario, Canada.

I had one stand of Italians in the spring, increased
1, and about .50 lbs. box and frame honey. Bought two
stands of bees fioni Mr. Nesbit, Cvnthiana. and rec'd
them in good condilicin. " Waltku ;*knK)U.

Evansville, Preston Co., WcBt Va.

[For Gleanings.]
VARIOUS MATTERS.

nv G. JI. DOOLVrTLK.

The past season in this vicinity was consiilered a
very poor one by all wlio use the old box hive. INIy
bees averageil 73 lbs. per hive, extracted. I am taking
44 swarms through this winter. I took from one
swarm 'ioS^j lbs. last season. Have not trieil raising
box honev yet, but shall another season.

M. E. McMasxeu, Shclbyville, Mo.

I use all Langstroth hives with ten frames and have
all half bre<l Italians. I had i> swarms last winter
and lo-it them during tlu^ spring down to 1'2. and in-
creased them through nat\iral swai'niing duiing the
summer up to :>4 colonies and get over lodo lbs. of box
honey and li>0 lbs. of extracted honey ami sold it all
from -20 to -Ajc a pound.

John ItOLLEU, Waterloo, Wis. Nov. '26th, 1874.

I wintered 70 stocks last winter. I used the honey
extractor on 10 coinmenciMg .July llth, and exti'acted
JSOO lbs. of honey wliile the basswood was in bloom. I
took from them Slu lbs. in eight ilays. Fi'om my best
btock 1 took 120 llis. in seven days, "during the season
i took from the same stock 2 to lbs. While from my
best stock that was working for comb honey 1 only
took 8i) los. during the wliol./ season. I am trying to
winter now SO stocks. E. lif.oWN, Port Uowan, Can.

I have SI swarms of bees and they all ap))ear in good
condition. I winter on summer stands, have never
lost move than two jier cent in wintering. 1 )iad
about :i")00 lbs. of honey to sell this season besides
what I kept lor n)y oivn use. could have had more but
had the uiislortnue to break my arm in three iilaces
one year ago to-day and 1 have been pretty badly
crii)i)led ami coulil not have help as it is iuipossible to
get a num to lie p nie, my wife is my only help.

GEoifOE I'AUitATT, Wiuuimac, lud. Jan. 4th, '75.

I commenced last sjiring with 25 stocks of bees, half
of them were rather weak, the season was rather a
jioor one, clover and bmkwheat were a failure yet I
averaged Uu lbs. of basswood and golden rod honey,
about lonr-lifths of it was extracted, i increased to 50
stocks. It seems that few if any havt^ averaged 100
lbs. of comb honey from avi apiary ol ."id >t(icks or more.
I think I can a\ei;ige that nextyear with my improved
hives and section l)o\es. How many will average
more than 100 lbs. and double their stocks?

i;. ^. l!i;('Kri:i.i„ New P.ulfalo, Mich.

C'ALU'OUNIA.

In 1S7:! I commenced in a mountainous region ol this
Count\- with l:! couunon box hives; these increased to
m, and made 10200 lbs. of hone\- and 2:;o lbs. of wax. I
sold honey at Idc and wax at 2.')c. In 1S74 1 started
with It:'. hi\' sand iitcreased to l.S2 b\ nalin;d swarm-
ing; 2.Jof the lirst swarms 1 i)ut in Langstroth hives,
is Iranu's, ITt'oXlO'i inside nu'asni-e, and I extracteil
from these oi\ an avei'age, .iio lbs. each during the
season. I maile altogether 22(iO0 lbs. of honey and (do
lbs. of wax and sold the h(me\ at 0 and loc per lb., and
wax at 2()C. Uees are wtn-kiiig here the whole \ ear
exceiit wlu'u it is raining. The )ninci)ile honev
harvest is from middli^ of A|)ril till the nnildle o'f
.lulv, and the swarnnng Ironi nnildle of A'arch till
al'out tlie lh>t ol Jui.e.

P. Piiii.t.ii'i, Jios Angelos.

vr;]UIF,ND NOVICE: -Please read our weight 25;!
i^p" instead of 24:5 lbs., also in next to last line of post
•^r-"! scri))t read jairin.K Instead of joining. We think
you have liit the nail fight on the head in regard to
ilvsentery being caused by getting bees too Avarm.
We venture the assertion that cold never caused dys-
entery among bees where they were properly ventila-
ted so as to get rid of all the moisture from the combs
and still not cause a draft of air througli the hive.
We have tried to kill a swarm of bees by taking all
covering off of the top of the hives and raising the
hive six in(^hes at the bottom with a temperature of
from 2 to 10° above zero and we could not do it with
an experiment of four nights in succession. [We have
just made a similar experiment. Bees all right. — Ed.]
Bees kept drv, will stand any amount of cold we get
in this latitude but wet them" with the mercury at zero
and they perish at once. We had the privilege of
seeing some bees last Feb. kept as tjuinby recommen-
ileil a year ago, nearly at a temperature "of 50° and we
never saw dysenterv in its worst form before. The
hives were smeare(\ so that the tilth drop]>ed from
them. You ask why not keej) the i)acked straw on
the hives all winter? Simijly because it keeps them
too warm. [Leave 'em out-doors then. -Ed.] We
tried it one winter and every day when the mercury
would rise to 32° the)' would get uneasy and cover the
whole to|) of the hive, gnaw^ the quilt and consume
four times the honey they otherwise would. We came
near losing u ]iart of them with dysentery but tinally
took otr the straw and all was right after a few days.

Our honey boxes are made to take a 5x6 glass and
hold when tilled about 2 'i lbs. They are arranged so
that the glass is not put on until they are lilled. We
jirefer side and top boxes both yet a part of our hives
were like Galluii's standard Id'ves and could be only
to|> boxeil. Bees will build condi much the fastest at
the sides and store tluir honey at top. Get them to
work if possible in the toji lirst "and when the top ones
are lilled rai.~e tliose irom the sides which arc nearly
fiUl of comb to the top juitting empty ones in their
places and so on as long as the honey season lasts.
Do not let them tinish any on the lower tier at the
sides for if you do it will be stained so by the bees
liassing over it as not to be salable. But Novice why
ask us any thing about box honey, etc. as, "certain
))arts of York state have this season jivoduced great
results yet for three seasons )irevious they have not
reported at all or ;it least but little worth nientioning.''
As this has been the lirst \ ear we have given an en-
couraging report ju-obably it will be the last but hail
you not forgotten that we reported SO lbs. (box honey)
per hive as an average last vear?

Borodino, N. Y. Dec. llth, 1874.

True friend D., you, to report we believe and
we beg pardon, but liow about tlie rest?

— I > I wi —

MOTIIER^VORT FOR HONEV.

5V, IdTTIdO over two years ago I bought :in old
ij\ jilace of about two acres, rebuilt, tixed up etc.,
—'—• and last spring I took it into my head to l)uy a
swarm of bees. lu a short lime 1 had two hives; ir
being a new bu-iness and a novelty to me, I
began to take gre;it pleasure in seeing the little fel-
lows work and talk among themselves. It so ha))-
l)ened that my place had on it plenty of catnip and
above id I, it has Motherwort. Now ti.ere was nothing
that (ileased the bees so well, as hmg as it lasted, as
the .Motherwort. They were both in blossom at the
same time, ami the blossoms are very much alike, but
there was not a bei' on the catiuii, where there were
hundreds and 1 nnght say thousands on the Mother-
\\<n'l ; I walked about aniong il.and they seeuu'd to
take deliuht in lollowini;- nu' and thanking me for tlu'
kiivd pro'tcclion and culture of the jilant. It was fun
tv see the lilt le fellows play backwards and forwards
to their luunes, so highly ii'leased. Now you can't talk
catnip to me when there is Molherwmt around. It
ipossesses some good medical pro|ierties and I am led
to believe it is invaluable to the luuuau landly. I
intend to iiu'rease thi^ cro)) teu-lolil next siu-iug. and I
am in hopes to write next fall th.al I have 20 hives
inste.id of 2. The Imsimss is ih'w to nu', but 1 think I
will like it mcu'c and more as I progress.

1)1!. li. Ilri'ciK IKK, South Norwalk.Cann.

TiiK glass cutter advertised in this No., cuts beauti-
full\ . Wcihave used one considerably.

1875.

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

21

FROM DIFFERENT FIELDS.

*ja ^j^ll. ROOT, DEAR SIU:— Please tell us as near as
pyMj von can. just the condition that a colony should
^/•5* be in when ihe l)o.\cs arc put on, how early in
the season, how many to a time, how many I'raines
left in the lirood nest, "if upward ventilation is essen-
tial to storing in lioxes? Our bees would store their
ilioney in the brood uost instead ot boxes; would not
tlie colony dwindle down too weak lor winter, if an
•em|)ty comb was not occasionally inserted in the cen-
tre between brooil combs, and would not the inserlinji
<if an cmiity comb draw the bees from the boxes ? if
not t<io miich trouble we woidil like very much to
have you make it jihiin to us, just the condition of a
■colony, and how to manage them in getting box hon-
■ey; how to get extractedhoney seems very ])lain but
Ave want some box honej- as some persons will only
hvv comb honey. S-VltAll J, W. A.VTELl",.

Roseville, 111, Dec. 29th, 1874.

We have just drawn a lous; bi-cath prepara-
tory to tellinii- "just how to niaua2;e to j;et lx)x
houej'." Ahem — It just uow occurs to us that
we had better ask Mr. Doolittle or some of his
neighbors,, and upon further consideratiou it
occurs to us that ice dou't Ivuow. Getting ex-
tracted honey as you say is a very simple mat-
ter, and any one can learn to do it in even the
poorest season. Our experience has been that
when you get j'our colony built up strong, and
they have got all their combs pretty well tilled
with honey, bulged out with lengthened cells
over brood, etc., that it is time to put on the
boxes. If the boxes are close, and no openings
are left for the warmth from the cluster to es-
cape, the bees will soon occupy the empty
space thus furnished, especially if the weather
is favorable anil good sized guide combs are
provided. 3Iany times however, they will
waste time enough before accepting the boxes,
to have gathered many pounds of honey had
the extractor been used, and in fact we have
never seen comb lioney produced in any shape,
without, what looks to us like, very poor do-
mestic economy inside the hive. When the
extractor lir.s*; came into use, we fondly imag-
ined that we should have much stronger colo-
nies to go into winter quarters, because the
Queen would have so much more room for
5)rood; for some reason unknown, such does
not .seem to be the case in the majority of in-
stances. Perhaps the queer maladj^ that has
so depopulated our hives in winter and sprii;g,
of late, ma.v be one reason. We believe we
shall have to admit that black bees, in box
iuA^s, have been more populous in the spring
of late, than our Italian stocks where the ex-
tractor has been used. Many hasty conclu-
sions have been drawn as to the reason of this
and we think it best to "go slowly' in the
matter.

A I'rw days ago one one of my swarms left the hive
(plenty of honey and in good condition) swarmed
around awhile ('twas cinitc warm) and returned to the
hive. Xear night I found a knot of bees at the en-
trance and of course the Queen in the middle. They
had gnawed both wings otf and even her sting seemed
to be gone, though slie was alive and after caging
seemed lively but died next day. i'lease tell me why
they (lid so and what to do. ' W. F. Lewis.

Baldwin, Miss. Jan. 1st, 75.

We imagine it will be quite difficult to ac-
count for all cases of this so called swarming
out. It evidently arises from a discontented
disposition engendered by some deficiency or
disatii-eeable feature belonging to the interior
of the hive. For instance want of food is the

most common cause, and it is well known that
bees have been in the habit of deserting their
hives both in fall and spring, for centuries i)ast,
for this reason. It is only of late years, we
believe however, that they have taken to de-
serting hives well sui)plied with stores, and
these cases we think will be found to result
from a variety of causes; the principle one, in
our opinion is only to be explained by consid-
ering the losses of late years the result of a
disease; and that colonies thinned d(nvn in
numbers, and utterly demoralized and discoin •
aged, swarm out with the vain hope of throv. -
ing ofi'old and painful associations, and taking
a new start. This will satisfactorily explain
why such losses occur in Southern climates as
well as in the North. On the ground that
"Satan always finds some mischief etc.," we
should pix;scribe as a remedy that when this
gets to be the fashion, they should have a good
"feed" to keep them busy at home, until they
had got over the notion, for they almost invai"-
iably, when put back, come out again if the
weather seems enticing. Attacking their
Queens and killing them, so far as we can see,
can be explained on no other hypothesis, viz :
a diseased and unnatural state of afl'airs in the
bee hive. Our friend Miss Annie Saunders, of
Woodville, Miss., writes in regard to the latter
trouble :

I think I can convince you that 7ny bees killed their
own Queens last spring. The circumstances were
such as to forbid any otlier hypothesis. They fly all
the year, so do not have your sin-ing setting out to
confuse them ; the mischief was done before extract-
ing commenced, therefore it could not have been from
shaking them where they got into the "wrong box";
none of the unfortunate "hives were so arranged that;
such an accident would have been likely to occur,
only one being less than twenty feet from neighboring
hives and I always keep each little <loor-yard perfect-
ly clean, sol do" not think my bees had" a shadow of
"a i>eg" on which to hang an excuse "for intruding on
each otlier." Nevertheless they killed live of eleven
of my last years Queens, and two young ones.

Once in hiving a natural swarm, during the preva-
lence of the matricidal epidemic, I used a glass hive
and so saw the bees trving to kill their Queen before
they had fairly entereil tlie hive. She was a beautilul
young Italian, laying too, and had not the slightest
defect that I could discover. In most of tiie cases I
thought the Queens were killed because they could
not or would not go, when the bees wanted to swarm.
Mot one had been introduced during the spring, tho
two young ones were hatched with those same unnat-
ural bees that murdered them.

Now is it not unkind, to say the least, to tell
Miss Annie that all this trouble was the re-
sult of her own carelessness V In some cases
it may be that a lack of pollen brings about
this discontent (see page 141, Vol. 2) but we
think we have many cases where even this will
not do for an explanation. All the advice we
can otter is to keep them busy with brood, feed
etc., and to have them always neat, clean and
nice, just as Miss Annie says she luis kept her
bees. We advised friend AYhitson to tiy feed-
ing to save his Queens last spring, and it suc-
ceeded perfectly ; see what he sa3^s about it on
page 70, Vol. 2.

My bees are doing well in the ise house. [Sec page
11, Vol. 2.] 1 think one colony Queen less but they are
strong and cross as need be". What can I do tosave
them before spring ? L. M. Raub, Bolivar, N. Y.

Dec. nth, 1874.

Nothing until you give them a flj', then give
them a comb containing eggs from some other
colony. Ilepeat this as often as is convenient
until thev can rear a Queen in the spring. See
page 90, Vol. 1.

22

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

1S75

Mv objection to the Quinby hive is Its size— It is un-
wiefdy and a great task on an old man's strength to
handle it. W. S. Lunt. Fostoria, O.

Veiy true; and yet a muscular young chap
like our friend Elwood might handle a much
larger frame with rapidity and ease. Guess vv«
ghatl have to have two sizes of frames if not
more. It seems to us that Mr. Q. puts much
moi'e luml>er into his frames, than is by any
means I'equired.

nUURAH FOR RAPE AS A HONEY PI^ANT !

We sold quite a quantity of Rape seed last
season and were beginning to fear we had only
aided in bringing disappointment as we have
not Ijefore that we can now recollect, had one
single favorable report, in fact we have had
scarcely a report of any kind. Our own experi-
ment only demonstrated that it was a most
excellent grasshopper "feed," for they stationed
sentinels over the whole patch and as soon as a
rape leaf tried to "come up" it was nipped off
in a twinkling. We can until further notice
mail the seed at 20c per lb.

FKIEND NOVICE :~I bought 3 lbs of Rape seed
IVoni yon last spring and give it to Mr. C. W. Driscoll.
Wyoming Co., N. Y.. to sow, he sowed % acre of it and
he says that he received Si^-OO tor the honey from it,
whicii was sold at iic per lb. net weinht cutting the
comb from the boxes, the boxes being old and not
salable. This honey was gathered by .'5 stocks and their
increase. He received more surplus honey from this
])atch of Raije than from any otlier source. He is so
well ]ileased witli it that thisyear he is going to sow (!
acres, -2 acres at three times, the seed was not properly
harvest('(l but as I understood him to say, it i)ays him
as well if not better than any other crop, besides the
honey gathered from it. When the bloom was at its
higlit it was one perfect hum with bees, giving honey
not only to his own bees, but about 50 or 60 other
hives l)elonging to neighbors. I have seen no re|)orts
of Rape o; late in Gleaxings or A. B. J. I wish sub-
scri!)ers would give more reports concerning it. How
has Rape succeeded with you? The honey from Rape
sells as well as that from wliite clover, ami to my taste
it has a better flavor. I would like to see a report
from Gallu|). How has the long hive done with you
this last season? I would like to know from Doolittle
if he uses any side storers, and if they are as good as
top boxes ? I would like some one to give a report
regarding Mellilot clover, how it was cultivated and
wliether it has any other value than as a honey produ-
cing plant. Can any brother bee-keeper give a report
of l^app (the winter variety of Rape) ? Did you sow
any Vetches and were they of any value? Has anj^
one tried l-:sparcet? Whathive does Harbison use?
John- JI. iMrLEBY, Buflalo, N. Y. Jan. 11th, 1875.

Mellilot clover is a bad weed, and is only now
and then visited by the bees in our locality. It
■will undoubtedly grow "its own self when
once started, for if you want an appetite for
dinner you need only to commence at 11 1^
o'clock to pull one up. We sowed some six
years ago in our garden, and they still, "stand
by us." The "Sweet Clover in the hull" so
diligently advertised by the 7?. K. M., is from
the same original stock. About Vetches, see
Vol. 3, page 94. Will Mr. Harbison himself, or
some of our subscribers, in California, please
tell us what liive he uses?

I have had only one year's experience, and am vei'y
fond of the "little critters," and do love the honey.

Nathan Kephakt, Osceola Mills, Pa.

1 was Italianizing my stock last summer, some of
them by removing lilack (^)ueen and giving (^)ueen cell.
A few among my strong stoi-ks I tn^atecl thus and had
their young <>ueens just hatched out as white clover
was doing its l)est ; these stocks of course' had no
brood to feed and tbe.N- gave me honey largelv in ex-
cess of those full of young brood thougli eipuillv strong.
As the hight of clover yield only lasts fi-oni ten days
to two weeks after which there is next to nothing lor
them to get for awhile, an increase of bees just at this

time is not desirable, unless for dividing or Queen
rearing. I think I can turn this knowledge to goodi
account. Chas. H. Rue, Manalapan, N. J,

Very true; "-Our Beautiful Experiment", pag.>
90, Vol. 3, is on the same plan, but brood must,
be reared at some future time or the colony-
will go down in numbers. It 7nay l>e advisaljlt-
but w,e have our doubts.

Have just put my 8!> colonies intf> winter qnarters-
Tliev weighed as follows: Twenty at (i(> lbs. each; 3'2»
75 lbs. each; 10, 80 lbs. ; 15, 85 lbs., and '2i at 100 lbs.
each. Average weight of the hives, 33 lbs. each.

N. C Mitchell was to see me, he says that I may
write on each hive, dead. 1 say not one unless it is
Qaeenless. I say for success, strong in numbers, and
rich in stores. Ai>ah Bah:, RoUersville, O-

SanduBky Co. Nov. 10th, 1874.

We shoi>ld say that o3 lbs. of honey, net, per
colony a great plenty ; however we should be
very glad indeed for a report of the above api-
ary next spring. Be sure and tell us whether
those having over 00 lbs. are in any way bet-
ter, by June or July. Your extreme is a safe
one, and Mitchell's advice can do no hurt, if
you are very sure he did not contrive to get iv
way with any of your money. We have al-
most constant reports of hiui and it seems he
still tinds plenty of unsuspecting victims.

It Is now the 28th of Dec, and vet we have scarcely
had a day that bees could not fly, notwithstnnding 1
see signs of disease among my bees. To-day in pass-
ing among them I saw the bees ot one late swarm
dragging themselves about the entrance witli bodies,
much distended, some unalile to fly and a smart sprink-
le of (lead I)' es around several hives. I commenced tlie
season with nine stocks in tolerable condition in-
creased them to seventeen, got 700 lbs. of honey all
extracted, save .50 lbs. box honey; sold in county town
for "20 cts. Itees mostly hybrids in common Langstroth
hives; some in long oin- story hives. Like them mitcU
the best for summer, can't say as to winter. All have
natural stor »s. H. Fedev, Mitchellville, Tenn.

We notice a similar trouble among our own
bees, although the number of deceased is not
large. It seems to affect about equally those
out of doors, those in the bee house, and those
in the forcing house, with the single exception
of ;i hive purchased of a neighbor about 15
miles distant. This colony is very full of nat-
ural stores, but his l^ees have never had any
disease. It stands in the open air. Was bro't
us after our bees ceased working at the cider
mill. Those who claim natural stores are nev-
er deleterious should read the Article on Lau-
rel Honey..

Have yon any worker comb in frames, partially or
full of honey to spare and if so at what price ?

J. H. luwiN, Atchinson, Kansas.

Can no one supply this constantly recurring
call for empty combs? If they are onlv^)ro;>
erly cared for as we have directed in Vol. 2, a
hive full should be worth $5.00 even after the
bees have all died.

Why are not eggs laid for drones fertilized the same
as those for Queens and workers?

Because unfertile (Queens and fertile work
ers lay eggs that produce drones in abundance.

Can you give me tlie name of the person whose
theory is latest and most accepted on this subject ?

We know of nothing, further than what is
given in Langstroth's and (Juinby's Books; in
fact iill that has been brought forward since,
has tended rather to corroborate, than to over-
throw their teachings. Just now, students who
labor and practice, (rlih been, ar(? in more re-
(piest than theorists, begging your pardon
friend J.

i87r>.

GLEANINGS IN REE CUI.TUTIE.

n

1 will aild a few items of general interest. Alcohol
ctbr cleansinjr i)roi)olis from fjlass in honey boxes.

Vinefrar for cloansinj? ffiiin from tube of a bee smo-
'ker caused 1)V sniokiiijr tobacco and rajfs.

ll. K. JttNKS, I'arkersbiug, West V'irj;inia.

Thanks. Beu/.iiie is also a solvent of propo-
lis and much cheaper but it may not be as
ilesirable for this purpose.

The pleasure we feel in welcominf!; back our
iiext friend, who seemed inclined at one time

to desert us, is have yon never read in your

Bible, dear readers of Bless us! how soon

these pajjes do fill up especially when we get a
sioinji, but we must just whisper, that, '"cur-
tains" are cheaper than "glass."

I did commence with seven strong stocks, .3 hybrids
and 4 bhicks. I did increase to ten. I do increase
t*low but sure; the ten colonies did gather about 1000
lbs. of honey, now how is that? Nearly all mv ncigh-
liors difl complain of a jioor lioney season. My bees
lU'e in the very best condition intlie slied with tlie
■curtains down. The bees did lly the lOtli of Nov. '7i,
when they liad a good cleansing lly, then J i)Ut the
•curtains down again, ancl had them down u|) to this
•date ot writing. During tliis time we had many sunny
■days with liigh winds when my neighbor's bees did
''.lyand the wind did blow tliemiu all directions while
iiiv bees were as quiet behind the curtains, as a sleep-
iing child in the cradle. I). N. IvUitx.

ShimersNille, Leliigli Co., Pa.

I put up .■?!• stands of l)ees for winter, about half a
■dozen of them have been dying off very fast since tlie
last ot Nov., no dysentery nor any thing else tliat I can
.see, only that tliey are dving.

D. 0. Hehvey, Dunlap, Peoria Co., Ills.

I see you are not much in favor of the Quinby frame.
!N'ow I suppose there is a great deal in gettingused to
41 thing. 1 have used them ex<-l\isivcly, with the ex-
ception of one hive in which I litted franies crosswise,
which makes the (iallup frame 1 believe, 11 inches
■sfiuare. Now in using the extractor I prefer to handle
eight of the large, to thirteen of the small ones. They
are not so rci-y heavy— those which are entirely fillet!
weighing only aboiit 9 lbs. The small ones I think
are liest to build u)) small swarms but the large ones I
think make the most convenient or best shaped hive
ifor large ones.

My bees are wintering on their summer stands on
buckwheat honey having extracted the white or early
snade. The bodies of the hives are banked with snow,
with straw mats on top and the caps ventilated. I
have just examined some of them. Oiie Queenless
stock containing about a pint of bees last Nov. and
which I lelt on jiurpose to see how long they would
iast, have the dysentery quite badly and are about
half gone. One more Vather small" swarm showed
i-ome signs of it ; but the rest wlii<di 1 examineil ap-
jieare<l to lie sleeping quietly on clean combs. We
have had two coUl spells when the thermometer indi-
<-ated from 10 to 15° below zero. The bees have not
had a fly since November. DaniklHall.

Warsaw, Wyoming Co., N. Y. Jan. 13tU, '75.

KDITOU Gi.KANiXGS:— A good house we all must
have, for summer as well as winter use, and I have
full faith that with this and ))roi)er ])recautions we
may .-dl safely winter. Mr. Bidwell claims that his
<-old frames are invaluable in saving bees during late
;uitumn and early spring; during the warm sunshine
in the interim of bloom. Grant his theory to be cor-
vect and a well constructeil hou;^^ will meet the case
as well. For the last three years I have believed we
keep our bees out too long," in Autumn, and remove
from house too early, and have acted on the thought
with entire success.

I have thought from my observation the past season,
Uiat worker comb could lie acquired by the plan given
by Mr. Stanhope in la^t number of lileanings, page 11.
Several of my colonies, as the result of an experiment,
v/ere (^neenless in the honey season, remaining so
till the brood was all gone. After sui)plying with
(Queens I hail no drone comb made. I wondered if I
had not discovered a way to get worker comb, and in-
tended to i)rove the coming season, just what Mr.
Stanhdpe has given us as a fact.

1 have become a firm believer in stimulative feeding,
(he result <>f several year's experien<'e. The fact or
point suggested at our State meeting that uncai)))ing
honey in the hive was as well was interesting to me.
.Surely if we can stimulate as well by a little abrasion

of the comb in the hive, wc have a cheap and easy
method of accomplishing a gornl end.

A. .1. ( Ooiv, I^ansing, Mich.

But friend Cook could we keep the bees in
their hives, if put into a house so early as the
;jrd of Sept., the date Mr. 15. put his in the cold
frames? ('ould we keep a tempeiaturc low
enough, without going below the surface of the
ground':' We are inclined to agree with you
however in thinking that wlien bees are heal-
thy, they may be kept six montlis safely with-
out "a fly." An examination to-day, Jan. IHtli,
shows the 50 in the house to be in jjerfeel
healtli, and we can discover no dift'erence in
those having their (luilts waxed down i)erfectiy
tight as they lixed tliem in Oct., and those
with the straw mats; no trace of dampness is
to be seen about either. Were it not for the
two or three quarts of dead bees that we swept
offtiie floor, notliing more could be desired.
As we liave said before dead bees are to l)e
found also in the hives out-doors, and in the
forcing house, but the latter being where it is
light and warm, leave the hives before dyin^:.
Tlie cider stores gathered may have something
to do with this, but we cannot help thinking
that keeping ;i stt^mfj colony warm or cold, giv-
ing tliem straw mats or quilts, keeping tliem
in light or darkness, etc., has little or nothing
to do with it, as there seems to be. just abont
the same mortality under all circumstances.

In regard to worker comb building; if this
be true natural swarms should build only work-
er coiaib for the flrst 10 days. Is this always
the case with henri/ swarms ':* Reducing the
strengtli of a colony, according to Mr. Dean,
always produces worker comb only, now in
your experiments may it not be that the result
was caused only because yoti weakened the col-
onies r" Uncapping the sealed honey may an-
swer as well, l)ut we think it needs more prac-
tical verification, as does ever j*o many other
points; our readers are just the cool headed,
unbiased, and unprejudiced, men and women
for the work. Eh ':'

The plan by which I succeeded last season in getting
worker comb iu the long hive was by keeping an emp-
ty space between the entrance and the cluster or brood
nest. The entrance according to my exjierience,
should be only in one end, the brooil nest should be in
the enil farthest from the entrance; as the s])ac(!
between the entrance and brood nest begins to dimin-
ish, in the same proportion the bees are prone to build
drone comb. A division boartl has the same effect
and should therefore be disiiensed with; 8 inches is,
according to my experience, as near as the bees or
honey should approach the wall of the hive, at the
entrance end.

Will you please inform me if molasses barrels can
be cleaned sutHciently to use in marketing extracted
honey? A. M. Steeu, Front Royal, Warren Co., Va.

This is a matter in which we have had no
direct experience. Can any one give us more
light on the matter. If you wash your barrels
clean, and then "wax 'em" when dry, they will
certainly answer we think.

I wintered my bees in a small cellar only 15x7, aver-
age temiierature about 40°, did not lose any. They
were nearly all very strong when set out in the spring
and did not reduce down on account of cold weather.
3Iy hi\es hohl nine combs, l'2xl4. It was so cold I did
n(Jt raise Queens in time, so I allowed natural swarm-
ing; first swarm came out May 2lst; 150 old swarms
inctreased to 58. Extra combs built and on hand now
105, cap honey VMi lbs., ext'd '20i)7 lbs., in large combs
.'iOO lbs., in air.?7ii!l lbs. I had 20 extra combs in the
S])ring. 1 used them in two hives for extracting, got
from the tivo hives, 727 lbs. ; no Increase from the two.
My bees ai'e alioiit half blacks and half Italians, can
we expect better results from shallow hives ?

Lewis I'lELLEV, Suiyrnia, Ionia Co., Mich,

24

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

1875

I had 58 swarm? in the spring. Increased to 92, got
3000 lbs. extracted and 1600 lbs. box honey. Put the
hees in the bee house Nov. 11th, with '28'2.t lbs. of hon-
ey to winter on. This was a poor season for box
lioney. Clover yielded nothing; Bass wood yielded
cisrht or nine days. B. Stone.

Bond Head. Can. Dec. 10th. 74.

Bees out like spring, 70° in the shade to-day, but
they are not carrying any pollen— tried flour— a few
carry off small lumps. Tried baked sweet potato, they
suck the juices, but saw none take any of it off.

M. Pause, Pine Bluff, Ark. Dec. 27th, 1874.

We think it will be an advantage to feed
flour whenever the weather will allow them to
work on it.

How does Adam Grimm winter his bees? In cellar,
in clamps, or on summer stands; out- doors, or, in a
warm bee house ? Does he winter in single or double
hives ? As he lives in a cold climate, it may be an
advantage to us here. I am wintering one swarm out
doors on summer stand with straw lined hive, straw
])acked in 3 Inches thick for trial. What kind of hive
does he use ? V. McBuiije, Chardon, O.

In cellars we believe, and he uses a narrow
sin2:le story Langstroth hive containing only
eiffht frames. Every little while there is an at-
tempt made to revive the idea of using very
thick or double walled hives, yet we think no
large apiarist has ever continued to tise such
for any considerable length of time. Mr. Quin-
by's recent hive is peculiarly adapted for this,
yet we believe he and his neighbors now con-
sider moving the colonies, into warm cellars
etc., less trouble and more effioient. Mrs. Tup-
per has recently advised putting a large box
over the hive, packing between them, etc., but
the fact that this same plan has been discarded
so many times in years past Avould deter us
from advising it at present. Again : None but
those who have tried the plan on a considera-
ble number of hives, can form any idea of the
trouble and expense it is, compared with simply
moving the hive into a good cellar.

with loads of water almost constantly whilc-
this high temperature was maintained, but
stopped at once as soon as the lamp was turn-
ed down. While making this experiment a-
I colony adjoining that were rearing brood quite
I briskly, paid no attention to the water at all ,-.
I not a single bee carried water except those be-
! lunging to the lamp nursery. Are we not right
I in inferring that bees seldom need more water
than their honey furnishes, unless their hives
are too warm? and is it not also an additional
proof that they need shading during the hot-
test weather?

Have got a barrel candied honey, nearly white as
lard. It don't melt fast by the fire, I guess t will have
to unhead, and take it out with a butcher knife. Don't
know the quality— Fall tlowers. My bees extract the
juice of the sweet potato and store it in cells, it soon
granulates, but retains the potato flavor unchanged,
so far as I can tell. The scraps of potato are all car-
ried from the hive by the bees. Sjn-ing honey is too
thick to extract easy, I only got 175 lbs. in a day and
quit. 1 extracted oil the 7th, 8th and 9th of Oct., to
give the bees winter room, took 50 lbs. per colony of
clear honey and left much winter stores.

W. F. St.\n DEFER, Dry Grove, Miss.

In that case you certainly have not given
vour bees room at proper time, have you
friend S. ?

Is it necessary to give bees water when wintered on
honey in a warm and dry room ?

E. Franks, Inland, O.

Although Langstroth teaches that it some-
times is, we believe it has generally been con-
ceded of late that water is not necessary in
wintering. We may throw some light on the
subject. The watering arrangement described
on page 74, Vol. 2, was put in our forcing house
at the start, and the bees soon learned to visit
it regularly when the room became very warm.
Later, when the room had been enlarged, so
that the temperature did not get above 70 or
80", they paid so little attention to the water
that the jar was allowed to become emjily.
We began our experiments with the lamp nur-
sery and after heating it up to over lOOo, we
noticed the bees flying about as if in quest of
something, this we soon found to be water, and
after filling the jar they flew back and forth

I send you to-day a little package of smoke wood. L
have looked aroiind a little, and decided that I can
afford such a ))ackage as I send you for 10 cts.. and iJay
postage— thank yon for the idea. If you think that
enough will sell "to pav for getting a supply, you may
give notice in Feb. S'o. (iLEANi.vtJS. Except when
the smoker is used for sinoke on cotton, or lint, the-
wire cloth, to prevent si>ark« may be removed from,
the tapering i)iece, and it will work much better. It
will save l)rushing off the soot everv little while.

M. QuiMJY, St. Johnsville, X. Y. Jan. 5th, '75.

What size Basswood trees would it be best to set out ?
How long does it take for them to come to maturity or
blossoming? How long would it take for a tree two
feet Ions to blossom ? For one six or ten feet? What
other kind of native trees would you advise setting^
out for the benelit of an apiary ?" Do you think it;
would i)ay to sow catnip seed on'a rented" lot, that we
may not have more than one year.

Ellena M. MrcKLEK, Manchester, Iowa.

Probably small trees will blossom as soon as
the larger ones, and we can only say that per-
haps they will blossom in ten years, probably
not to yield much honey before 15 or 30. We
dislike to recommend any one to undertake to
raise artificial pasturage for bees unless it be
buckwheat, while so little is known alx)ut it.
Had we not better confine our labors to secu-
ring the honey that is now wasted yearly, and
let the veterans experiment with catnip fields
etc. Sow the catnip and plant the trees for
fun, if you like, but do not calculate on it being
a paying business.

I suggest that you build the house with the flat rootV
that you have ijenches the same as in a greenhouse
with a flue under the bench, that in these benches you
put about 10 or 12 inches of rich loam and about the 1st.
of Feb. the benches be planted with cucumbers. These
you know furnish a great deal of pollen and the great
difficulty in raising them in houses is that they blight
or drop off as soon as the blossom drops whicli is
caused by their not lieing fertilized. Even in liot-bed&
before the bees l)egin to lly. I have lost nearly all the
first formed encumber-;, biit as soon as the bees came
there was no moi-e trouble. In this way you can make
the cucumbers nearly or quite pay for fuel, anil the
temperature should be about 70 or t5° by day and .50 or
.52° tty night, which as I judge is about "wh.it is neces-
sary" for the bees to be active. Or should you
prefer you can raise strawberries which also blossom
extensively, but I don't think furnish (piite as much
pollen as the former and when they are through blos-
soming begin to form fruit while cucuml)ers blossom
coiilinnally. If you are not ^'lixeil'' for the flue ar-
rangcnu'tii or l)en('hes, try a box or two with good
drainage in the Ijottom and water every day with
water maile <|uite warm, almost hot, and train them
up on stakes or a frame. I don't see why a house
managed in this wav cairt be made to pay a handsome
profit on the cucunibtTs; I know they are in the East,
and certainly conld anv wliere.

W. T. Alan, Granville, Pa. Jan. 7th, 1875.

If friend A. is right it seems to us that fncit
(jroin'rii and market gardeners had hitter keep a
few bees. That bees get dusted with the pol-
len from cucumbers we are well aware, but we
have been of the impression that none of it wtxs
used in the hive, it being only accidental that
they got so dusted, while in pursuit of the
honey. We will test the matter further.

AD V/'JI:TTSER.S' BKPARTMEyr.

CI^XJBBIIVCi IL.IHT.

We will sond (ii.KANixcis-

AVitli TlK' Aineriiaii I5eo Jouniiil (SJ.OO) %l.'i:^

•• Tlic l?ci' Kcciht's Miijra/.iiie ( I. •-'">) l.T.")

•• The IJco \V. . rill { 'i.lili i.m

" All thiol', 'I'lic lU'o Journals of America, ...5.00

" Aiucriciiii A.m-iculturist (SUiO) Si.lO

'• I'rairic Kaniicr (tJ.I.i) "i. <■>•")

'• U'liral New VorktM- (^l.M) :;.()(»

" National Atrriciilturist ( l.'i-")! 1.7.')

" SciL'iililic Aiiu'ricaii (S.'J.l.i) .{.(iT)

'• Fruit Uoi'onlcr ami Cottage Gardener (Jl. )0) l..'>0
[Abocr rates inchtih' all I'osta;/c.]

Books for Bee-Keepers.

f'^KXT iiostpaiil on receipt ol' price.
Langstrotli on the Hive ami Honey Bee.

t^)\iinhv"s Mysteries ot' Uee Keeping

]>ee Kee|)er's Text Hook, muslin,

" paper,

.S-2.00
. .1.50

Good Books.

These, thouijh not specially (lesi'j:ne{l for Bee-
keepers, liaye a tendency to inciiicate princi-
ples that ensure success in bee-keeping- as \yell
as almost all other rural jnirsaits.

The lirst on the list should he in the hands
of every one \yho has planted ffrape vines to
shade the liives, as we have advised.

Any of these books will be forwarded by mail, post-
jMU'd, on receipt of iirice.

Fuller's Grajie < 'uUiu-ist S1..50

I'^uller's Small Fruit ('ulturist 1.50

Fuller's Strawberry Ciilturist '20

Fuller's Forest Tree Culturist 1.50

Henderson's Gardening for Prolit ..1..50

Henderson's Practical Floriculture l..")0

Tim Bunker Pajjers 1..50

Ten Acres Enough 1.25

Koosevelt's Five Acres too Much l..')0

Art of Saw Filing (Holly) 75

Window Gardening l.fio

Leuchar's How to Ijuild Hot-Houses 1..50

Play and Profit in my Garden. Kev. E. P. Roe. l.M

Wai-ing's Draining for Prolit and Health l.iiO

«1nion Culture 20

Purdv's Small Fruit Instructor 25

^\.vei'ill Olieiiaical P*aint.

THE OXLY KKLIAT'.LE.
THE MOST r.i; AFTIFUL.
THE MOST KCONO.MICAL.
THE MOST D UK ABLE.

Requires no oil thinner or drier,
Reciuires no waste of time in mixing,
Has stood i'i(/!it i/carK' rrilirisms
With i/ear!i/ in <■)•!'( (.sal jKijiiilarity
Ami ycarh) increased sales.
Is sold by the gallon only, in iiackages of from 1 to
to ^■allcMis each, in Purest White and any Color or
Tint desired.
Address, for sample card of colors and price list.

A^verill Claeniioal I*aiiat Co..

Olfice ami Factorv i:?2 & 184 East River Street,

CLEVELAND, OHIO.

ITALIAN QUEENS bred from imixirted mothers—
a month earlier than in the North. Purity and
-ai'e arrival guaranteed. Also full colonies of Italians
in Langstroth hives for sale at S15.00 per colony.
Address Dr. J. P. H. BROWN, Augusta, Ga.

C T^ XJ « KATES on 175 Papers. Send for
C T^ TLT 1$ List including Agents' Rates on
I? O O It ^ bv mail i)ost- paid— 4nn ir. List-
ISO O IC iS BiNGHAMS' Agency, Sparta, Wis.

12ti)p

''T^HIfCTKIKN yfars experM'iice in iiropagating
L Italian lice-, (^tnecns will lie bred direct iVoni
ImiMirteil MDihers ami warranti'd imre and fertile.
Send for my circular. Wm. W. CAUY,

Itf Colerain, Franklin Co., Mass.

BEES ami Supplies, niM-ei- before offerecl. will oe
fiu-nished l.v >t. (,)UINI',V. St. .lohnsville. Mont-
gomery Co., N. Y. Send for circular and price list. 2t51

Names ot responsible parties Mill be inserted in
eitlier <>( the following deiiartnients, at a uniform
Jirice i>\ UU-. each inscrlinn. or .-il.co jicr year.

$1.00 Q tie <inm»

Xamcs iiiserled in this department the first time.
wtthoitt charge.

Those whose names aiii)ear below, atrree to furni<h
Italian (^tueens the coming si-ascii for Sl.oo ea<-li. un-
der the following condili.ins; No guarantee is t.i Iw
assumed of purity, sale deliverv or anv thing of Ih.:
knid, only that the (,>ueen be reareil from a choice
l)ure mother. They also agree to return the imnuM at
anv time when customers liecome imi)atient of siicli
delay as may be unavoidable.

I'.ear in mind that he who sends the best Queens,
luit up neatest ami most secure! v. will )>robablv . e-
ceive the most orders. Special rates for warra'nted
and test<"d (^•ueens, furnished on application to any of
the parties.

G. \V. Dean. River Styx. Me<lina Co.. Ohio.

\V. .J. Hosnier, .JanesVille, Minnesota.

Dr. J. P. H. Brown. Auirusta. (Jeorgia.

R. S. Becktell, New BulVabi. Mi<'h.

M. E. McMaster. Shelby ville. Missouri. -Jii

Eli Coble, t'orsin\ille. Mai shall Co., Tenn. 211

Who agree to make such hi vs. and .it the prices
named, as those descrilied on our circular.
«ieo. T. Wheeler, Mexico, X. Y.
11. Alley, Wenham, Mass.

TULiIPj LINDEN, and other honey producing trees.
Send tor catalogue.

Sip

A. BATTLES, Girard, Pa.

;5 P

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.^ S L ^ _«J .SSS ^=C =S3Q ^' S,
'-~'^> 'Us

= -5 5.,sa! ..ssa =£28 -«3a l,«
Z'- ~ .''■ ""■ s

ADYimTISEBS'BEPABIlIE^T.

.<!aL.ID^VEI^TISE3i>/i:ElsrTS.

Aclvertisements will be received at the rate of ten
cents per line, Nonpariel space, each insertion, cash
in advance ; and we require thuit every Advertiser
satisfies iis of his resijonsibility and intention to do
all that he agrees, ami that his" goods are really worth
the price asked for them.

Eaklv to bed and early to rise will al! be in vain if
vou don't advertise.— J^j'om Rural New- Yorker of
J>ec. Vlth, 1874.

MUTH'S ADVE^RTISEMENT.

HONE^ JAKS.

One pound (square) Jars, per gross, SG.50

Two " " '• " 8..50

One " " " Flint glass per gross 9.0U

Two '• " ' .....11.00

t'oiks for 1 and '2 lb. jars 15

Tin Foil Caps, per gross 1.30

i^aijels, " " 15

A thousand labels address printed to order 5.00

One <it. fruit jars. Mason's patent, per gross 19.00

Lauels for same, " " 05

A thousand labels addrees printed to order 4.35

As good as any.

Each 50

Per doz $4.50

Straw Mats, Bee Veils, Alsike Clover seed etc. at
reasonable rates.
For further particulars, Address,
Itf CHAS. F. MUTH, Cincinnati, O.

wmm mmm ^w&miMm®

OUR Bee Journal of the Southern States. Issued
monthly at $2.00 per year. Samiile copies free.

Address A. F. MOON & Co. Kome, Georgia.

The Fruit Recorder & Cottage Gardener

will be sent free for 3 montlis to all
MDNTTTS ^^'h<^ will pav postage at office of de-

31UVi>IXia.O Jj^.g^.y y^Q j^Q ^Q^ j^^j. j^jjy yj^^ jQ
■CiDTPl? subscribe for our pajjer until they
J IviliJli. know what they are to get. It speaks
for itself. Price only $1 per year.
The Small Fruit Instructor, is a work of 64 pp.
that tells in simple language just how to grow fruits
in abundance for home use or market. Price 25 cts.
post-paid. A. M. PliRȴ, Rochester, IS, Y.

BEE journal!

Every Bee-Keeper should
subscribe for this Monthl;-.
It is the ol<l0!staiid best
scientitic and practical
Journal of Apiculture in
the World. The mcst suc-
ct^ssful and experienced
Apiarians in this country
and Europe contribute to its pages. Terms, $2.00
a year in advance. 8emi a Stamp for a Sample
Copy. Address, THOMAS G. NEWMAN,

Cedar Rapids, Iowa.

IMPORTED BEES.

For the past seven years we have Imported bee*
from Italy and havt failed nearly every time, by lack
of knowledge of the true conditions necessary for so
long a journey, and oii account of the carelessness cf
the shippers. But we are now succeeding so weil
that we receive ninety per cent of the Queens alive.

We claim to be

The only regular Importers of

IT, A 1^:1 AM BBE^
I3Sr Tills COTJISTTI^^S'.
We received over

ONE HUNDRED QUEENS

in the season of 1874. Our Queens come from the best,
districts of Italy. They are all young.

We winter OO" Imported Queens in our Apiarj-, anil

will sell tliem in full colonies in tlxe spring, safe

arrival gnaranteed.

Price : Colony of Italians with Imported Qneen $20.0(S

home bred " 15.m>

Our hives are good, Avell paintetl movable frame

hives. For particuSars address

CH. DADANT & SOX, Hamilton,

Hancock Co., Ills.

I hereby certify that Messrs Ch. Dadant & Son of
this place, are constantly receiveing large numbers
of Italian bees, from fcuroi)e through this office.
The}' have received seven invoices since June last.
These bees are nicely packed, and seem to l>e always
veiw lively. E. S. Daumng, U. S. Express Agent.

Hamilton, Ills. Oct. 1st, 1874.

Tile Bee -Keeper s'
Mag-azine, edited by
H. A. King, the only IL-

I> U S T K A T E 1} MAGAZINK

treating of B e e - C u 1 1 u r e
in the United States. 33
jiages. Terms, $1.2.5 a year
with a )) resent. The 64
])age specimen n n m b e r,
with beautiful life-like
chromo of Italian bees and
honey plants (jn-ice 50 cents), sent free with the Mag-
azine five months for ,50 cents. Agents wanted. Ad-
dress W. B. COBIJ, Publisher, 75 Barclay Street, N. Y.

PhiliTD's Southern Farmer.

IMeiiipIils, Teiiii.

ONLY two dollars per annum for a Journal devo-
ted to agi-iculture, horticulture, bees, stock and
jioultry. The acknowledged peer ot any monthly in
the South. Send your address .and get a specimen.
Advektise your stock and poultry in the Farmer.
Address, as above. Ilt2x

GLASS CUTTERS

That will cut glass equal to a diamond at less than
one-tenth the cost. Any one can use them. Just the
thing for those making or using honey boxes, liot-bed
sashes, framing pictures etc., and willbetound conve-
nient bv manv others. Sent by mail to anv address
on receipt of "50c bv GEO. O. TOMPKINSl
Sip White Pl:iins, Westchester Co., N. Y.

One Copy One Year 75 Cents, or with Lithograpii of Apiary, size r2xl(i, Mailed Free, Postpaid, $1.00, or I>itho-
grai)h wdl be sent as a Premium' for Two Subscribers at 75 cents each.
Any person obtaining Three Subscribers at 75 Cents each, may retain 35 Cents for their trouble.
'• Five " " " -^ " 75

Ten " " " " 2.50 " '*

Any number above Ten Avill be sent at the rate of Fiftv Cents each.

>lames may be sent at any time during the vear, and whenever a club is reached, we will credit
back the_ amount previouslv sent us in excess of the (nub Kates. In this way any of the

Articles Mentioned on our PRICE LIST may be Secured as "PREMIUMS.

Please mention when names .-ire intended for Clubs. .\n acknnwledgniciit wil! l)c sent in all <'a,se8
on receipt ol money -for any puri)ose wliatever -by return mail. Volumes I, & 11, mav be C(mnted on
the same terms, as we have a

Large Supply of BACK LUMBERS Provided for new Beginners !

-V^ we cannot take the space in fiidirc iiiunbei-s to no over the same ground again, and Volume One
cOntams the entire Fundamental Principles and

GrrouTifl Worli tor* {Starting- an ^^piar-j^.

Or how to Realize the Most Money with the Smallest Expenditure of Capital
and Labor in the Care of Bees, Rationally Considered.

BY^ -^. I- I^OOT & CO.

ir®i® ill

mmmmM^ ISf ^®

If.®® e

In tfie Preparation of this Journal the following are the lYiiwipal Periodicals Consulted :
JLWL^W1®WLM. K©© «I®ll^fflt®.l® Clarke, and Mrs. Tupper.

Wmm "W^^l'fl® A. F. Moon & Co.

[Also Bound Volumes of the former since 1860. and Files of all other Bee Journals that h^ve been

Bublished in America.]

WwmMmtm Wmw^mm^

®©i©mtlfi© A^©M®®m®

COlVTElVTSs

Facie.

Remarks on in-door wintering "25

<1ur own Apiary '25

How bees behave in cold weather '27

Rfjiort from L. C. Root '27

(,)uiiibv hive '27

Wliv do our bees die? '27

Hoiiic made New Ideas etc. '28

Dcnible width versus two story '28

Sawihist for contracting entrances 'IS

Diniensiims of IVaincs etc '28

A Novel Idea in Wintering etc '29

Half inch, versus double walls '2i>

Section Honey boxes '29, :i'2

Donltlc wall hives etc .'W

Honev Cohnnn .'51

Page.

Humbugs and Swindles 31

Reports Encouraging 31

Tiasswood ; Starting a plantation 32

How to fly bees in a room 32

Is it the fault of our Queens? 33

Reports from cold frames ;W

Leather for quilts 33

Strait combs 33

Adulteration of honey 33

Movable portico 34

Huzz Saws 34

Candying of honey 34

Dee)) frames ". 35

Imported Queens 3ti

Sunflowers

^^^^^fSf"

ADVERTISERS' DEPARTMENT.

SUNDRY MATTERS.

In making Bee veils use Tarleton in place of Crown '
Lining as advised on page 2, Vol. 1. |

Mrs. Axtell writes «s that we made a mistake on j
page 10, Jan. No., when we give her credit of extract- i
Ing 3000 lbs. ; that it was only about one-half that i
amount. I

We have just received an extra nice lot of Alsike i
Clover seed, new crop, raised in our own vicinity, so |
that we know it is pure and safe. Single pound by {
mail in cloth bag 456.; by express 35c., if over 10 lbs.
£tOc. only,

We learn from J. D. Kruschke, Berlin, Wis., that
there is a good market for the oil from Rape, and that
in fact we at present import it to supply the demand.
We refer all interested in Rape culture to the little
book to be had by enclosing nc. to the above address.

Magazine reached ns on the 15th, with its appear-
ance much improved. On further Consideration we
have decided to keep the clubbing price with it and
Gleanings at SI. 75, and $.").00 for all the Bee Joui-nals.
If our readers will now excivse so many changes we
Will try to change no more.

Mr. Doolittle, of Borodino, and L. C. Root, of Mo-
hawk, N. Y., have each sent us a club of 20 subscribers,
Prof. Cook, and several others, nearly as many. A
few more such friends and we might afford to give
you a larger Journal and larger type, without any
change in price.

OUK thanks are due J. C. Colbome, of Chicago, for
a description of the hive and frame used by Mr. Har-
bison. It is not a suspended frame, nor is it like
Quinby's. We should prefer getting sometliing more
definite, and from Harbison himself, If possible, before
giving it to our readers. Dimensions of frame about
12x15.

Our mailing type goes by machinery that won't
work unless 75c. be remitted once a year. Therefore
look to the labels on your jKipers and see when your
time will be out. If the paper stops coming blame the
"machine" and not us ; also, if the labels do not al-
ways present your account to j'ou monthly, as it should
be, drop ng a postal.

We presume nearly every one of our readers, has
already done something for the relief of the Kansas
and Nebraska sufl'erers ; to those who have not had
the opportunity presented them, we would refer to
Mr. James Vick's proposal In his Floral Guide. His
arrangements enable him to give a receipt for all
money, and to also show how and where it has all
been judiciously expenaed.

NorwiXHSTANDiNO all that has been said about
honey dealers, we have at least two men in whom we
feel we can place implicit confidence ; Lippincott of
I'iltsburg, and Muth, of Cincinnati. Mr. Muth has for
many years been dealing in supiilies, and we have yet
to hear a single complaint of him in any shape or
manner. His honey jars are very neat indeed, and
what is more they Mill hold an honest pound, or 2 lbs.,
according to the stamp in the glass of each. As an
instiince of the magnitude of his business, we may say
that he has given the manufacturers orders for 1000
gross for the coming season ; customers may depend
on getting goods as soon as oi-dcred.

My bees, .50 stocks, on their summer stands, are not
doing well ; weather very cold, some days below zero
all flay. A good deal of ice in hives, with not sufllclent
warm weather to thaw it and dry them out. Have
lost some alread;-, and shall lose more if the weather
does not (change soon.

John r. Temi'i.e, Ridgcway, Mich. Feb. 5th, '75.

The San Diego Mountain honey does not candj-
altbougli expv>scd to a freezing temperature in an un-
covered vessel. Mr. Tweed says such is their experi-
ence, and astonishing as it may seem, such proves the
case with us, while all our other honey under the same
conditions, is white and solid.

BSTAULISHKI) 1848.

TRY IT FOR 1875,

THE OHIO FARMER,

The Liar^eMt^ !Tlo!<»t Interestins:, ETuterpri-

sing^ and V':iluiiblc Farmer^ Family

Paper Fublislied.

THE OHIO FARMER is a 16-page. C4-column, week-
ly paper, devoted to Agriculture, Horticnlture. Live
Stock, Dairy, Poultiy, Apiary, News, Fireside Read-
ing, Domestic Economy, and "Choice Miscellany, with
the largest and ablest corps of Regular Contributors
ever employed on .'tn agricultural paper in this coun-
try, under an able andexperienceu Editorial Manage-
ment who spare no expense to add everything possil)le
to its value.

IiE.A.3D THE TEI^IvliS.

Single Subscriptions, 52 issues, postage paid $3.1.5

In clubs of 10 or over, postage paid 1.90

We want good Agents everywhere, and ofler very
liberal pay to all who work for us.

l!St9°Send for Specimen Copies, free.
2m Address OHIO FARinifTR, Cleveland, O.

HONEY PLANTS!

WE keep the following seeds of Honey plants
for sale : Rape, 35c. ])er lb., post paid. Rapp,
45c. per lb. Espar<MJt, OOc, per lb. Linden Seeds 15c.
per oz. Send stamp for Pamphlet on their culture,
tfd KRUSCHKE BROS., Berlin, Wis.

FOR one Colony of Italian Bees S15.00; four for
$.50.00. Also tested Italian i^Uieens, Hives and
material for Hives and surjilus boxes .*it very low fig-
ures. Price list free. J. n. WOODBCRN,
2t$2 Dickinson, Cumberland Co., Pa.

SEEDS FOR HONEY PLANTS.

CATNIP SEED, fresh and pure at 40 cts. per ounce
postage paid. Also Summer Rape, Mignonette.
Borage and other Honey proilucing plant scctls.
2 3d B. H. STAIR & CO., Cleveland, Ohio.

THIRTFEN years experience in propagating
Italian Bees. Queens will be bred direct from
Imported Mothers and warranted jnire and fertile.
Send for my circular. Win. W. CARY,

Itf Colerain, Franklin Co., Mass.

You cannot look over the back No's of Gi.kaninos
or any other Periodical with satisfaction, unless they
are in some kind of a Binder. AVho has not said—
"Dear nie what a bother- 1 mitst have la»t
month's Journal and it's no where to be found." Put
each No. in the Emerson Binder as soon as it (-omes
and you can sit down happy, any time you wish to timl
any thing you may have previously seen even though
it were months ago.

Binders lor Gleanings (will hold them for four
years) gilt lettered, free by mail for .^lO, (!o, and 75c, a«-
coi'ding to (juality. For table of prices of Binders for
any Periodical, "see Oct. No., Vol. 2. Send in youv
onlers. A. I. ROOT & CO., Medina, O.

I3E"VOTEX> E:x:CX.XJSI"VE3L,-2' to bees wA.:iSriD HOZSTE^"

voim.

MARCH, 1, 1875.

No. in.

REMARKS ON IN-DOOR WINTERING.

BV .)AMES BOI.IX.

sj^jRIENl) XOVICE: While I ircely endorse the

m" most that is contained in the article on. How to
i^j Condnct an Ayiiary. in the Dec. Xo. of Gi^ean-
INGS, I will have to dissent from a few of your conclu-
eions, even at the risk of being accused of heresy
ajrain.

For instance: that the position that keeping bees
warm etc., will save them, will have to be given u)),
and. Since our wintering troubles, * » » ♦ nothing that
has been done has amounted to a row of pins, [Beg
pardon, we meant tow.ard curing sick ones.— Ed.] ex-
cei)t fine weather etc. Now the above may be true in
the case of your bees, but I cannot think it will a|i|5ly
to many. Ihave pretty stronsr evidence that keeping
my bees warm and quiet, did save them, as most of
those ill this neighborhood that were not wintered in
warm depositories have perished with the bee disease,
during the last two or three winters. Keeping mine
w.arrii has, in my opinion, amounted to a pretty long
row of pins— a longer one in fact than any one "would
need, unle«s they wished to start a notion store, and
even tiien thcv misrht be overstockeil.

1 do not think that I have ever claimed that cold
was the o«?i? but merelv the main cause of the losses
that have occurred. The want of dryness and dark-
ness in the winter depository has no' doubt had con-
siilerable to do, in some instances, with the loss of
boos that were housed, while disturbance, caused by
faking a light in the room, looking at the bees, admit-
ting strong currents of air, by opening the door at
nicrht, and introducing artiilcial lieat lias no doubt
killed more bees than anything else, except cold. A
prominent bee-keeper remarked last spring, that he
regarded artificial heat as being indispensilile in win-
tering bees; right in the face of the fact that he had
lost about eight-ninths of his bees by its use, or at
le.ast, while using it. Rather a poor argument in its
favor, I think. But I may be too practical in my views.
Bees are very sensitive, and <a slight jar, taking a light
into the room etc., will often excite them to an injuri-
ous activity. I have frecpiently seen the advice given
to open the door of the winter depository at nigrht to
cool and purify the air, but if the ventilators are ar-
ranged as they" should be, I would much rather depend
on them and keep the door shut.

You remark on page 1:W of Dec. Gleaxivgs, that
openine the door and windows of your cellar only
seemed to make the bees warmer, it no doubt had
.iust that effect, as the bees were stirred up by feeling
a <-urrent of air different from that in the room, [but
v,'\a.t should we have done?— Kd.] and strong stocks,
\i 'len disturbe<l, generate an immense amount of heat.
I b id a pretty fair samjile of what they can do in that
li'ie two years ago when I put my Ijees in the house.
Wi' had "a cold "south-west wind at the time. The
tliermonieter stood at about zero in the open air, an-',
at :U'^ in the hon.^e when I began carrying the bees in.
By having the door open it sunk to 20'^ in the liouse,
bv the time I had them in. I put in 88 swarms,— then
shut the door lor two hours,— when I went in again
and they had run the thermometer up to tt^, being IP
higher than it was before the door was opened to put
them in. It remained about the same all the time out
of doors. By letting them alone, they soon became
ifulet ami the temperature of the room fell to about
40 . lvee))ing Ijees too warm will excite them, and will
have the sanvc effect as kec|)iug them too cold, cause
ihem to lill themselves with honey, and if the excite-
ment is kept up long, the result will be the same— they
will be effected with the dysentery.

The thermometer bi my bee lionse staiuls at i-P at
. this date, Dec. llth, 1874, aiid a person on entering the

room would almost think there was not a live bee ii'.

it, they are so still.
That the Editor, and all his readers, may succeed ir.

carrying all their bees safely through the jiresent. and
; all subsequent winters, is the wish of .James Boi.in.
I AVest Lodi, Ohio.

OITR OWxN APIARV.

''E meiitloiied last month that wc gave
the bees in the forcing house a brisk flj
on the 17th, to accomplish this more eflectually
we removed the covers to all the hives, and
this was one reason whj- only four bees re-
mained on tlie sash. They saw their comrades
just beneath them and of course "hopped down"
among them. To avoid giving any erroneous
impression we may remark that we spend the
greater part of our Sundays with our books
and papers in the forcing house, and on sunny
days even tlie rest of the familj^ find it an
agreeable sitting room. Of course we do not
mean to work with our bees on the Sabbath
and should be very sorry to have any of our
readers get such an opinion of us, yet it must
be admitted that it so came about, that the
bees instead of being allowed to rest on the
Sabbath, rested su days, and on the seventh
were expected to turn out and have a fly if
nothing else. If they would not otherwise, we
uncovered the hives etc., as above. Very likely
friend Bolin will expect this treatment to kill
them whether or no. Nevermind: they would
probablj' submit with resignation if they knew
it was solely in the cause of science. On the
23rd, we warmed the house in the afternoon
and made search in nearly all the hives for
eggs, but none could be found. We were anx-
ious to report brood in Jan., in our Feb. No.,
and so kept the room at a favorable tempera-
ture all day the 24th, and next day were
delighted to tind that the Queens had laid pro-
fuse!}', even to the lamp nursery which
contained less than 100 bees with the Queen at
this time. By the way we can see no difficulty
in wintering any number of Queens with a tea-
cupful of bees each, in this way. Oiy
last form was to be printed on the 27th, and to
get larvae before this time reciuired careful
work, so we kept the room warm until the last
item was set up, but "not a larvaj' could we
see, and we dolefully sent you your papers
with hardly a parting note in regard to our
experiment. On the 28th we looked again and
were cheered with the sight of whole patches
of larvix^, so large it seemed we must have been
hast}- the day before. And now for pollen.
Few of the colonies had any at all, some of
them jiositively none, and the worst of it was
the bees would take no notice of the <i»'jt where

2G

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

Mak.

Uiey had worked so industriously on it in Dec.
Tlie}^ seemed to take their flights close under
the glass. On the 81st we were rejoiced to see
the sun come out full and clear, and by 10
o'clock the room was abundantly warm with-
out any aid from the stoVe, but not a bit would
they notice the meal. We had read in the Fruit
Recorder that plants, especially strawberries,
must be placed close uj) to the ffhtfui to thrive.
Was it not so with bees? In a twinkling the
Simplicity hive cover containing the heap of
meal was suspended from the sash within about
a foot of the glass. Our better half here inter-
posed that it was long past church time and we
bent our steps churctiward with about as much
alacrity as did we when in the woods with the
wild Touch-me-nots. AVe were late, and what
is more were rebuked by having the minister
pause in his discourse until we could get seat-
ed. Never mind we deserved it and will ti'y
and do better next time. May our path through
life never lead, where the influence of sucli as
he is unknown.

Do you wonder that we were in a mood to
rejoice more fully, with the bees, when we
found them happy as in June, dancing about
our heap of meal, and now and then scamper-
ing into their hive as fast as their padded legs
could carry them. Yet this was a cold wintry
day outside, and the sun scarcely thawed the
snow on the south roofs of the houses.

We should have said before, that our second
sash were put in place about the middle of Jan.
It has not yet been closed up warm and secure
by any means, but it does excellent service in
keeping the ice from the glass and preventing
tlie attendant drip.

Feb. l.vi — To-day we had sunshine again, and
brood rearing is going on beautifully. The
only dran'back is the drunken bees that blun-
der about and finally fall on the floor; these
we gather up in the evening and put in the
lamp nursery where they I'evive and at least a
{)art of tiieni go through the same programme
next day. Not all, however, for the lamp nur-
sery is getting built up tliereby. We forgot to
mention that one colony was found Queenless;
search showed her dead in bottom of hive. As
she looked natural and perfect, and as the
bees were healthy, we cannot think it any
fault of our own that we now have ()7 colonies
instead of 68.

[The following is from A. I. Root personally.]

Feb. StJi — I hope and trust that I have many
warm friends among our readers, nuxny who
have followed my elforts, in years past, and very
likely who feel that they know my weak points
^ilmost as well as those who have held dailj'
converse with me, face to face. If I have gain-
ed any hold upon you, and if you have any
confidence in my truth and candor, please lis-
ten, and do not turn away, even if 1 talk a little
to you on these pages, on something, that does
not directlji i)ertain to Bee C'ulture.

For a little time back a great light has been
breaking above me. This light might have
come sooner had it not been for several things
which stood in its way; i)rominently among
them, a vain pride and ambition in regard to
this very Gi.k.smxcjs. I worshipped worldly
things first, and my Maker, (when 1 worsh!pi)ed
Him at all) afterwards. In fact when this

great light commenced to reveal itself, I deba-
ted whether it was best to mention the mattei'
at all, here ; whether it would be — well,7>?v^7-
able. Wlien these thoughts arose, the old dark-
ness threatened to come back, until I could
truly say, "I will do my Creator's work first
whatever it may be, and bees and all else after-
wards. Dear readers do you know that this is
one of the first tasks shown to me, to use my
influence whatever weight it may have, in ail
possible directions, to induce imperfect man-
kind to say with me lliy icill our Heavenly
Father, not ours be done.

Do you say you have no duties that you are
aware of, left unperformed ? just as I did a very
few days ago V Go read your Bible, read the
commandments and see. When you have tried
to live up to these, when you have tried to love
your neighbor as yourself, and find you camiot
do it alone, admit your helplessness and call
on your Heavenly Father for aid, but first be
sure you can freely give up all or everything in
this world for His sake, and forgive all your
fellow beings, as you hope to be forgiven.
With a sincere prayer that God will enable
these few words to reach you just as they were
intended, I still remain more than ever your old
friend A. I. Root.

Feb. \Wi — Reports come in from all sides in
regard to the extreme severity of the weather,
and brood rearing in the forcing house is again
suspended on account of the thick coat of ice
that covers the sash and prevents even the
noonday sun from penetrating and warming it
up. Instead of feeling like being dissatisfied
with such weather ought we not rather to take
it as a lesson that our climate is uncertain, and
that we sliould in building our wintering
houses, cellars etc., make proper calculation
for such extremes.

Feb. IWi — Still zero weather. The forcing
house is so completely covered with ice that
even the noonday sun scarcely has an ettect on
it. In Jan. Am. Ar/rinilturist, Mr. Quinby des-
cribes the behavior of bees in cold weather, and
also reiterates the statement made last season
that the solid portion of the honey they eat
during winter is evacuated in a dry state, and
may ])e found on the bottom board of the hive,
when the bees are in health. As soon as the
paper was received we commenced some exper-
iments to determine (as we supposed) the truth
of the matter. We soon decided that Quinby
was utterly wrong in both, and prepared to
write a severe criticism. We are sincerely glad
we did not for the spirit that was then prompt-
ing, was more a disposition to show that Mr.
Q. was in error, than to get at the truth where-
rrer it might lie. What we did was to raise a
hive up from the bottom i)oard, remove cover
and (|uilt and subject them to severe cold
weatiier. Although the colony (nucleus rath-
er) contained not more than a quart of bees,
they seemed to bear this without detriment. A
sheet of white paj)er was placed under the clus-
ter, and after a few hour,> the brown particles
that had accumulated were examined. We
thought then there was nothing there but bits
of coml), propolis etc., l)ut a more candid exam-
ination since has convinced us that, in some
hives at least, the bees do void their excrement
in a dry state, and perhaps they always do iu
perfect health. The second point was to see

1875.

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

how the bees behaved when it ^^j^^^'^ • ^^J|^^
to tell thev did not i)eliave at al . Tiiey %\eic
simnlv perlectlv still, "dead as door nai s as
G U piSd to siv. We approac-hed on tip-toe,
am eianuncd them by day light and by amp
ii^..ht bnt it was all the same. We hxed oui
eve on a sin-le bee, and watched it^ untd our
teeth chattered, but it seemed f^-f^'^tly com-
fortable on the outside of the cluster Wl e
the temperature became lower, quite a hum
c' me apparently from the center of the c us e
but we could see no movement that sho
, roduce this ; the bees that were visible, did
o eve their wings, and did not chaii^e
Sees. Now then, when do these bees get
food and if they change about, why could we
hive not seen jhxt on, in the act of so doing ?
wJ confess we do not know, will some one else
help •> During the experiment once or tw_ice, a
iL^would crawl out of the cluster ajjd fly oft
in the cold and fell down and die. We then
ook a distant position, and saw the same phe^
nomena, and from the number of bee. found
Stered about, we think it occurs about the
same whether thev be disturbed or not. A bee
S is sick crawls out of tlie cluster, aiid out
of the hive if he can, and dies. As they die
Uuis most in the forcing house, we may infer
that brood rearing aggravates the trouble, or
what is more probable to us is, that sudden and
wide changes of temperature, such -^^ we al-
ways have in the spring are severe on bees as
weU as on vegetation. The Arcing house va^
ries from 40 to 70°, now, almost daily, it tnib
be true, our bees had, better be kept in doors
until April, or even later, if we can mana^?e to
CO so • and those using the cold frames, should
keep them covered and dark, except at inter-
vals, until the days get pretty warm. A col-
onies have a pretty fair patch of brood, in the
forcing house, it is true, but the old_ ones are
dvin- oft-so fast, we fear we are gaining little.
■ p^l 16«/i— Found Queen in lamp nursery
dead on bottom. The bees looked bright and
all ri<'ht, and she looked natural, except that
her body was somewhat distended. Our utter
helplessness, in the matter is illustrated m the

^""iJurhi- Uie last three winters, I have suflfered heavy !

lo^e' an I the matter has been a great puzzle to ne.

Mvre^ons of the last three ^?=««n^,^;«" ^^ fh\ve <^-

11 nfh better had mv bees wintered well. 1 nave loi

he last six winters kept my bees in an exceeding dry

reUar with an average temperature for the who e

time of about 3P For" three winters they did well,

t en came disaster. To mv mind, none of the causes

andmelhodsor theories advocated cover the wh^^^^^^

■n-ound or seem absolute remedies tor this tataiu> in

wintering I firmly believe that it was an epulemic lor

IT. rhapTnore properly an "api<lemic") sent l.y Provi-

U^nee for inirposes His own. The most curious part

nyexVeHenc;! is. that stocks so nearly alike that

V'uld detect no sliqht diflerence in .,uality. were at-

V • ed so differentlv-one dying or becoming very

-eakVhile the other, wintered.iu fine conditio,^^^^

J. H. NelM'*, Canajoharie, N. 1. i-eb. lutn, .o.

me more towards success than did "»c Q«}"Vj/';f,^^^,:
by the use of which I .•onid contract or enlaige space
iii broodchaniUer at pleasure. risnberrv

The yield ol lioiu-y IVmn willow. 'Mn'.le, r.aspberi > .
nnd clover was light. Mv i)rliicipal business up to th'
fir ol^JuIy was taking co'mbs lilh.l with brood ron.
strongest swarms to h'^b', weak ones aid ngt^^^^^^^
nlMcc with cnnitv combs. Basswooil (-omnituiAi.
blossomln^iboilttheeothofJulv. Then came on>
fiush. I increased my stock to l-.:? swai nis.

SVhole amount of box honey - - - '»;;",..-
•' extractecl - - - i-'i

10-271 r..>--

Have in winter quarters 1-21 swarms. So far the:,
seem to be in fine condition.
Mohawk, X. Y. Feb. 1st, 1875. ^

REPORT FROM L. C ROOT.

sfpiiiDITORS GLEANINGS :-You ask me to report
m\ results of the past season. I started ast spring
^ S 100 swarms, thinking this about the number
onfmanshZld attend to, an<l considering it about as
many Ts should be kept in one place especially as
there arc over 150 swarms within o»e 'ni c o us

A ftpr nlicin"- bees on their summer stands wnicn i
,Ma i».S thJmiafllc 01- A|.rll. my <■.■■•' l>»«»th«"S?

QUINBY HIVE.

The followiiis 111 icSivrti «« *« Q>"n'>y ''"'

iif>i-t tn onen ami close tliese ni\is. -^"" ' „.

0 'be Sid to say that M- nl^l'^-";^,^^' S^^'e^ "e

mmsmm

compliment. jm. ytiMii, ■ i- ,. ^

It seems to us Mr. Q. writes a little unkind-
Iv but perhaps we deserve it. In a matter of
somucirimportance there should be no argu-
ino an no strife. Even should there be a test
trilil of the two hives, made by two experts,
he result would be of 'ittle use to our nsmg
bee-keepers. The question is, how will the
neople at large succeed best. At present we
?ea know of no better way than for those
wo are undecided, to try one hive of each
Tiid- what suits vour neighbor exactly, may
not suit you. Our having the Corners for sale
should inake no difference in our oP"non aM
we try not to let it, but we cannot help won-
^Lriiig if Capt. Hetherington has ever tried a
hive with these Corners. ^ninlw

In the Am. Agncidturist for Feb., ^f}"^^
hive is described with illustrations. The frame
difters a little from the one we described last
month in having the top bar also, dropped a
S below the ends of the side Pjec- ;^ls°
the top and bottom bars are both alike aiicl
li4ter Dimensions there given are uprights,
IKl ^ X ' . Top and bottom, lS■^n^'(^, ^'l^,^'^""
iichlioards. Ends are nailed tirmly with fln-
hllig nails into top and bottom Imt projecting
bevond them as has been mentioi td, >4 incli.
The loop iron hooks to hold the frames m an
i x;pri.'ht position, if they be used, can probably

1 e bougdit cheaper of Mr. Q. than they can be
i made The sides and top of the hive are made
I of Winch boards, planed ^nioothly, just the
! si/e of the frames, with cleats nailed on each
i md S prevent warpinJ?- The bottom board is
1 nx'>Oxl, also cleated on under Mde to present

wai-pin. Mr. Q. says tie all together with a
i TtSut rubber c-ord, but it seems to us this can-
I not prove a very durable tastenmg.

38

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

Mak.

'iOOTE HOME MADE "IVEW I»EAS," SPEC-
lAI.LY ADAPTED TO NOVICES.

BY 1{. L. JOINKK.

i3[^|RIEND NOVICE --Enclosed flnil 75 cents for the
M~' next year's crop of "Glkanings." I have just
■f^EL sowed 1874 together and 1 wouhi not take 15.00
tor it if I conldn't get another. My bees are sound
asleep in their pic at ])resent, and will remain there
until about "St. Pathrick's day in the niornin'." 1
look the precaution this fall of planking the top and
sides of the pit, also of jjutting two doors in the front
end, something as desciiljed in Dec. Gleanings. My
observing neighborb tell me that I had better have
let well enough alone, and buried them in the dirt as
usual, but I thought a permanent jilace if as success-
ful, would be better. If you remember, I used to have
trouble about my bees smarming as soon as strong.
Well as you told" me, I found regular and thorough
extracting a perfect reniedj-, but I soon had my hives
jam full of brood. The two story plan was "no good,"
as my hives are practically three story ones now. I
did not want to get new hives and I could see no way
of building a story, like Pat's house "on behint." I
solved the difficulty in this manner, I moved the hive
half its width to the right or left and set another hive
exactly like it, by its side, with the entrance the same
way, and took half of the combs from the old stock
and placed them in (without any care which hive hatl
the Queen) and tilled u)i each with empty combs, and
run them through the height of the season in that
manner, supjjlying the Queenless one with brood from
the other as I extracted, and carefully destroying all
Queen cells as I extracted each week. Of course I
only practised this with Queens that were very prolitic
and had their hives boilin<i over with bees, and united
again as soon as honey failed and the brood was suffic-
iently contracted. I foresee and forebear all the ob-
jections that will be urgeil to this plan, and the main
one will be, "Why didn't vou let your Queenless hive
hatch aCJueen-"'" Well, I'll tell you. I wanted to see
how much honey /could get from 25 stocks of bees
even if some of the stocks did live in what we call out
West a "double house." I don't pretend that it is any
better than the "long Idea" plan, except that when I
wanted to contract my stock I had no "empty rooms"
to carry into winter quarters. I am satistiedthat the
mammoth yields are from mammoth colonies. My
yield is called enormous here but is small to what
some rejjort. I started with 17 colonies that had to be
fed until June 15th. I increased by dividing, to '25
Queens, and gave 3 of them, double colonies as before
described, i got 2150 lbs. of honey, 2000 lbs. of which
was choice, and i)ut 24 colonies into winter quarters
well supplied with stores. I wasted the time of four
of the best, for four weeks of the best part of the sea-
son trying to get some box honey. All I got for my
trouble, was my pains, and the natural swarms, which
I summarily returned, after throwing those honey
boxes as far as I could send them, extracting every
one of their sealcO combs full of honey and destroying
their (jueen cells. Let those who can, raise box honey,
I had rather raise extracted lor 4c per lb. than to wait
all summer for box honey and then get none, for a
dollar a pound. The boxes were ])ut on "according to
Hoyle," they had nice starters, they were tight, and
all right every way only the bees would not move in.
I am afraid they are the Novice breed and aren't in
the box honey business. After I took oil" the boxes
and took their honey, diihi't they work though?

Well Novice, I've spun this yarn long enough now
and am not half done, if you get tired reading why
throw the whole away. If I ever come within liftv
miies of Medina I am going to stop and see you anil
bore you worse than I do by letter. I'll tell you how I
solil my honey.

Wyoming, VVis. Dec. Kith, 1874.

Don't go to the expense of coming here, friend
J., it would hardly pity you we fear, but do
keep on giving us just such sketches from your
Apiary. We do believe you have hit on a plan
that will ])rove many times quite practicable.
For instance the Simplicity hive with, Lang-
strotli frames, ho long as one .story will hold the
beetf, is to us the simplest, and easiest handled
of any thing we have ever used in tlie shai)e of
u bee hive, and we have studied long and earn-
estly in regard to some i)hin of uniting two of
them side by side. All of these plans Ve(|ui red
too much tinkering. If we made holes for
communication, through either hive, bottom

board, or cover, these holes would have to be
plugged up at other times, and would look un-
gainly. Your plan of using them without
other means of communication, than through
the entrance, we confess is novel and so far as
your experiment is concerned, seems quite
practicable.

He who shows us how we can keep pace
with modern improvements, and still keep the
hives we have already in use, is truly a bene-
factor. To use the Simplicity hives thus, both
entrances should be turned to the south, and
the two hives placed close together. The cov-
ers in this case should be hinged to the front
so as to turn up against the grape vine trellis,
or hinges may be dispensed with entirely. In
the height of the season, both hives can be
pushed, well forward over the bottom boards,
thus making the entrances the whole length.
Should this prove "too much entrance," bank
saw-dust up by the outside corners. In making
so many new colonies last season, we governed
the size of the entrances to exclude robbers,
almost entirely with sawdust, and it answered
the purpose more completely to our satisfac-
tion, than any other plan we have ever used.
Also, when the nights became cool, we banked
sawdust clear around the hives, to close the
cracks betNveen the hive and bottom board.
We are a great friend to sawdust ; it keeps
down the weeds, gives you a clean place lO
work, is clean and orderly for a small door-
yard for the bees, and enables you to make
just such an entrance as you desire. Beg
pardon we forgot .sawdust wasn't our topic.

Our Standard hive with its permanent bot-
tom board without cracks, and its capacity for
18 or 30 combs without any fussing etc. etc.,
w^ould perhaps be best, but then, "we haven't
got 'em," as friend J. says, and just at present
we rather prefer to use the hives we have
already in use.

DUTIENSIONS OF FRAMES ETC.

Mil. NOVICE & CO:--Arn't we grcenics glad that
we settled down on our own Standard frame
I before you decreed something that one must

print the dimensions with chalk over his work bench
lest he forget it. We dislike the everlasting vulgar
fractions and oild and even numbers about the size of
frames. ^Ve adopted 12 inches inside of frame— 144
square inches of emptiness— until tilled with comb.
N<iw any IkhIv can )-enunil)"r this size— and every one
can build outside their frumes just what kind of hive
he pleases. It is just the nicest frame for taking in
one hand, and for tm-ninij this way and that way for
insijection and work, and also for leaving one hand to
do something else, and we do llnd plenty for the free
hand to oo- all it can do sometimes. Then for ship-
ping, why they are just the nicest and handiest frames
ever made, and for housing too, hives of 10 frames pack
away like brick in a wall. So you see we are not a bit
sorry for ourselves— and we are so glad to have the
ladies with us, we have Mrs. Tupper who is a rejjre-
sentative character and carries the women with her
in this matter. Of course we arc sorry your wind-mill
won't work for us in the wood work of our hives at
the "Standard prices" but we can't be driven by wind
into abandoning our 12x12— "On this linn rock etc."
Why our liives are so iealous they won't let one frame
of the Factory of the Wind, enter their yard now— we
have no doub't that to set down one of your vulgar
fraction and odd numlx'r frame hives would raise a
mighty buzz and set all the 12 inches on a revolution
against any such vulgar innovation. By the way w^e
have got a liivc "the likes on't vou never did see."
We took the Alley hive— paid tlie right to it too— and
now we have some Alley, and some (,>uinl)y, and some
of our own whims, and it is going to he just the nicest
and handiest of a' the bee gums thai can be found
in Patcntdom or out of it. May be we'll tell you what
it is some day if you A\ant us to bother you.

L873

GLEANIKGS IN BEE CULTURE.

Tfe— that is we gicciiies— use the Isham honev box-
Ihe nicest, stamicliest, and handiest honey box we
ever saw. We Ivuow him lie lives round here, he haii
a patent on his box— we saw his papers, all res'lar—
he deserves them too— lias lately sold three counties
to an apiarian who has seen a jjood many such aflairs,
iuul sold lor a handsome sum. If you saw it, you
would want a Slate at least— llie tiK>rk would suit your
taste.

Now to finish all this rigmarole and to convince vou
tliat we are your Irieud, tlio' we expect you will blow
«is with a stiff breeze, we say— we frankly confess, that
we have tried your tiu corners for frames, after usinj?
•wooden ones," and we don't want to see in our hives
•another frame that has not those same tin corners.
.And our green advice to all beginners is, don't make a
.single frame till you get these corners. We shall get
a"id of all our frames whicli have not these corners just
as fast as we can. We have tried several hundred of
them and now we send our orders for (5500 more with
ihe cash, as evidence tliat we mean what we say.

2. EKOAPI'IANS.

[We can give full address to any who may desire,
but the writer at present prefers a nom de plume.— Ed.]

At the risk of having the above sound some-
thing like a puff for the corners, we have deci-
ded to give it a place, especially as some
disparaging remarks that have been given
might tend towards giving an impression that
the corners hardly deserve. We will cheerful-
ly give place to anything on the contrary side,
coming from any Apiary where they have been
considerably used.

Our friends are in error about Mrs. Tupper
using a frame 12x13 inside. Variety of taste
has dictated so many different thicknesses of
the stuff composing the frames, that we cannot
see how our friend gets rid of fractions by
using inside dimensions as a standard. We
have seen end bars in use ojie inch in thickness
and top bars with a massive comb guide still
thicker. Supposing we all should adopt a uni-
form size inside of frame, where would be the
outside, and what would be dimensions of hive
to suit ? We can readily make metal cornered
frames to agree in outside dimensions, with
any frame in use, and this allows them to be
worked in the same hive mixed up with the old
ones, thus giving the owuer a fair chance to
contrast their lightness, ease in handling, and
at the same time greater capacity for brood
and honey, from the larger comb surface.

We certainly don't want any of jour friend's
"rights" but if you will send us a sample of
liis honey box, we will cheerfully help him sell
it, if we think it meritorious. Let him manu-
facture and supplj' all demand, and let his pat-
ent papers protect him in so doing. Nice
honey l)oxes should be made by machinery,
and ordinary bee-keepers would prefer to buy
rather than to make them.

A NOVEI. IDEA IN WIIVTERIIVC

WITH SOME Ol'IIER IMPOUTANT FACTS.

T? HAA'E used several hives with an outside case
;«K filled in between with straw or leaves, for five or
•s* six years. Also hives with double boarded sides
:ind ends with dead air space between the boards but
I fail to see that they do any better than the single
Itoards. Last winter a small colony in a hive of }{.
inch boards wintered »vell without any protection ex-
•■ept the fjuilt covering ou top, and the entrance closed
with a idece of wool when the weather was freezing.
I have two small colonies (made u)) in the fall of my
nucleus hives) in the same hives, and they have stood
thus far as well as others. The only diflerence that I
.-ee, is tliat they are more apt to fly out when the sun
>hines briglitly, and need shading.

Another cxperimeat.— I saw it stated that empty
space beneath the bees was of great advantage. Last
winter I removed all the frames from the lower story
of » hive and left the colony to winter in the upper

story. They did well, but it was a very fine strong
colony and proves nothing. This winter I have (juitc
a weak colony wintering in the upper storv and doing
Tery well so far.

Third exi)erinient. -Some years ago I was preparing
my bees for winter by removing frames from upjier
storv and putting on iiuilta. In one very strong colony
the bees remained on top the frames in large numbers.
1 pulled off an old wool hat and i)laced over them and
spread the (piilt over that. I found the bees filled the
hat and remained in it all winter. Since then I liavc
used all the old hats I can find. I notice in some in-
stances that half the bees of the colony are in the hat.
When those in the hat get hungry, and those below
get cold, how nice and easy it is for them to exchange
l)laoes, much easier than to go trom the outside of the
cluster to the inside over or around the frames— that
is, provided that is their way of doing— for instance,
when one litWe fellow's feet get cold he goes inside to
warm them, and another little fellow comes out to
take his place. This I believe is the generally receiv-
ed theory. I noticed it so stated lately by oiie of our
most distinguished bee masters, (M. Q. in Am. Agri-
culturist]. As I never saw any such commotion among
them as would necessarily be the conse(iuence of all
this changing in cold weather, you must excuse me for
being somewhat skeptical about. Has anyone actually
observed this continual changing places in cold weath-
er ? Akin to this is another statement we frequently
see made— that the colder the weather the more the
bees require to eat to keep up the animal heat. This
is all very nice in theory, but so far as I have observ*
ed, the bees are very quiet and still in cold weather,
and scarcely consume any honey at all. These may
be subjects worthy of investigation. I don't propose
to discuss them here.

I have ex))erimented some with the Adair -Gallup
long idea hive, or rather "New Idea" long hive. 1
used two hives three feet long, one with large frames
13 square— the other with my standard narrow frames.
1 gave tliem the strongest colonies I had, and I must
confess that neither of them gave as much satisfaction
as the plain two story hives. They may not have been
long enough (?) they did not swarm and did not fill the
few empty frames Igave them.

I am aware that these experiments do not conclu-
sively establish any particular fact or theory in bee-
keeping but they may throw a little light on some
points, and I find them useful in my own practice.
Thadueus Smith, Point Peelee Island, Ont., Can.

Friend S. it seems, has the rare good sense
to see that single experiments do not settle a
matter by any means. We are quite taken up
with the old hat idea. Get one just large
enough to hold your colony, and keep plenty of
sealed honey below them, and they will be in
the best possible wintering trim, if we know
aught of bees. We once wintered a colonj^
without any honey board. We supposed thej''
had been given the ordinary allowance with
the rest but may have been mistaken. They
were out of food before March, but they had
commenced to rear brood briskly — rather in
advance of the rest.

SECTION HONEY BOXES.

T is at least too bothersome for me to make the
Harbison frames, as per Gleanings ; I have made
some very nice frame boxes, top and end pieces
all 1^ inches wide, ends are 5 inches long and top and
bottoms Bit' inches long and nailed to end pieces,
which are k thick and top and bottom V inch thick ;
outside sections ai'e 1% wide with a groove to receive
a glass 5xH. I place the pieces in a long bottomless
box or frame, wedge them up together and nail them,
and then fasten strips of stout paper across them. I
forgot to say in the proper place, that for an entrance
I cut a notch in each side of the bottom pieces .^Xi
inches. I leave the bottom pieces wide because it
makes a better box and is more convenient, one box
can be raised up and another placed under it without
much danger of killing bees, use a wax guide in each
frame. R. S. Becktell, New Buffalo, Mich.

[As it is a little Inconvenient to cut the notches in the
Harbison frame with our circular saws, we think they
may be omitted and the stout paper used as above.
In making these light frames, perhaps it would be
well to fix on a size that would allow of putting 4 or 0
inside our large frames. Quinby advises this with his
new hive, and illustrates it in Am. Ay. for Feb. — Ed.J

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

U\n-

Gleanings in Bee Culture,

Published Montlily^

EDITORS

I?.OOT <5c CO.,

AND PROPRIETORS

MEDINA, OHIO.

Terms: ySc. I*er Annxim.

[Incltuling Posiape.]
For C'liib Hates see Last Page.

3s^E£>i3>^.A., i^j^:ei. 1, is-rs.

Almighty Father ! Wc pray that thy blessing nlay
accompany each separate number of oitr little Journal
on its mission amonp the bee-keepers of our land.
May each and every one of us bear our losses during'
the in-esent and ensuing months, should such there
be, with a projjer spirit of resignation to events we
cannot control. Give lis also that cool, calm, and de-
liberate frame of mind, that best prepares us to look
earnestly about, and see what means thou hast i)laced
within our reach to avert a repetition of our past
ti-ouliles during the spring months. Give tis submis-
sion, without a spirit of idleness, and teach us to work
while wc pray. P^nablc vour servant to deserve the
great trust, that he has never until now felt has been
accorded him. Give him that humility that will ena-
ble him to forget self and labor honestly for the benefit
of his brother bee-keepers, and to deserve the confi-
dence they I'cpose in hinii

A, B. J., Macjaziite, and World, for Feb. were all on
hand in fair time, and ai'e all good.

KUU8CHKE Bros, are now supplied with Kapp and
Esparcet seeds jtist imported; sec advertisement.

With ideasure Ave refer our friends wanting Queens
or full colonies, to the adveriisH of J. Oatman & Co.

Chin'>isk Mustard seed seems difficult to find, but
wc shall have some in due time we think, even if it
has to be imported.

We shall have to refef all those iniiuiriiig for bees
to our advertising columns. Everything wc have for
sale is in our price list.

fSCMMKK Itape seed. American grown, \:>y mail in
cloth bags, per lb., ■i.jc. ; per express 15c, Tliese will
be our rates for the season.

of the wind, but in the sun as much as possible. Herf
is a chance for you to exercise your ingenuitv in sO
arranging a glass sash, as to secure these conditions,
and yet not trouble the bees by having them bumi*
against the glass by mistake. li' they don't notice thii
meal, as some complain they will not. start them by
giving a jiiece of comb honey laid in the niidst of th(5
meal ; get a few bees on the comb from several hives
until they have got a taste, if you cannot staft theui
otherwise. \Vhen they begin on natural pollen thev
will take little notice of the meal. Equal parts fit'
oats and rye ground fine aeenis to ])lease out bees besti

We are very sorry indeed to be obliged to say that
we think "Money in the Apiary" by H. A. Burch, by
] no means worth the price (25ci) asked for it. The
! more so as our relations with Mr. Bi of late have been
of the most friendly nature, and he has uniformly
spoken Well of Gle aminos. The book is entirely too
sniall, containing onl}' abodt one-fourth the matter olT
a single number of :iny one of our Bee JouraaTs..
King's Bee-Keepei"s Text book, only costs 1.5c. iswore;,
and yet it is a work of 140 pages, condensed, ami tO'
the point, aljihabetically indexed, etc. etc. Mo'M'ey ini
the Apiary contains less than 20 pages, less- wv size,,
and some of it unimportant matter at that. We ad-
vertised the Work without seeing it which we regret«
but it Would be unkind, and do no good now to find'
fault with what is past; shall we not rather consider ai
remedy that will do justice all around? Our advice.-
would be that Mr. Burcli give his patrons four just!
such pamphlets, for the '25c. he has received, and make'
it a quarterly. If he will do this, we will give him; a
standing advertisement gratis.

Photo'!* for the Medley are still coming ih, and as
we wish to include all that tvill send them, we s'hall
delay it perhaps a week altei- this number reaches
you. Uemember this is the last call, and that we wish
to include every bee-keeper whose eye meets these

On page 104 of Vol. 2. Mr. Quinby says the Queen of
Mr. Elwood's colony that produced the great yield,
came from vs ; yet in Mr. Elwood's report page 19,
cnrreiit Vo'.. it does not so apjiear. Who is in error?
'We certainly wish no credit given the dollar Queens
which they have not earned.

We are hajipy to say Miss A. (P. G.) has refcovered
from the fever and is again at her accustomed jiost.
We trust our friends will now have less cause to com-
plain of the types and other sma:ll items, that have of
late too ofteii prevented things going with the jirompt-
ness and accuracy that makes business a pleasure.

It seems some of the other sex are determined to
have the "last word" in ro.gar'd to bee .^t.ings; a i)iivi-
Ipge we accord tlicin with all the goo'd will imagfriabTe,
alter we have uicntioiKMl foi- the' Ijenelic (/f beginners,
that no matter bow distressing are the symptonis at
first, they will very soon "ret inured to th(^ poison,
and tinally, no swelling will ensue at all.

This is the month tov feeding th(! rye and oat meal,

v.ilh most of our rc:idcr>-. Pat i:i shallow boxes out

Feb. lith— AM three of the hives, that we aTe winter-
ing out-dooi's, have come thi-oug-h so far in good'
condition so far as bees are co'ncerned, although they
spot their hives and tlie ground badly. The hive bro't
from a tlistancc worst of all ; the one prepared with.'
wooTeii bv 3Iiss A., next, and the Standard hive best
of all. Th(^ latter stands just where, and just as it did
when we left off extracting, has had no preparation'
nor tinkering, ancl is all in comi)lete trim to extract
again, so soon as its 20 conlbs are filled. Could we be
sure of making a whole Apiary winter like this one.
we should feel (|uite relieved, even if we ivere obliared
to put two t'air colonies into every hive to do it. The
Queen has just cnmnienced laying. We were agi-eea-
bly surprised to find that almost every bee from these
three safely regained their hives, while those in the
forcing bouse, collect in masses on the glass, get
nearly all of them into one hive, ami seem in a fair
way at present to become utterly dcnioralii^ed, al-
though they have reared (|uite a ph'tch of brood during
this month" in some of the hives. Will others using
the cold frames, please send us minute reports?
Even though our own now looks discouraging, we are
going to give it a careful test to the best of our abilitj'.
clear through.

i»0\1it.E WAI>I^ HIVES FOR WIIVTER.
IlVCf AND THE FIIVN BEE HIVE.

fT Avill be observed that we have among our
, advertisements, one of the Finn Bee Hive.

In receiving this, we feel it a duty to state
franlvly our opinion of the matter, and then if
the parties tliink we should, we will cheerfully
return the .$1.00 thej^ have paid us for this one
insertion. Of course what we stiy here must
only be taken for our own opinion, and in the
matter Of selling rights we may have been un-
duly severe. In mattere of this kind it is it
very safe rule to ask ourselves if wc ai'e hon-
estly ffoing as ■vv'e would be done by.

If Messrs Keycs <^ Finii made hives for sale
sucli as they advif*e and sold them for a fair
price, there coulVl certainly be no' wrong, for
very many bee keepers of late stoutly affirni
that bees do wintef safely in hives well pro-
tected, on their summer Stands, while those side-
by side', not so protected, i)(:?i'ish. In Order to'
show both fftdes o1' tfte ("luestioii, wc givfc the
following:

They are stowed awa\' in t>o:^'eg p.icke'd With stfJiW..
Kept good in thiit wav" winter of '72 and '7.H, all that
were jiacked early. Those that were ]);icked i\i .r.-iu.

1875

(];leXnings in bee culture.

31

"Of «arae iwHrtter died, though sti anger in bees and
Jxoncy. 'W. S. I;ti*T, VostOria, O. Jan. r)th, 1875.

At pvcsetit, Ifeb. 10th, ;{8-' below zero. I ]n\i 'iS hives
in the cellar and have lost one- They are too cold,
temperature vsries IVOm 29 to SI '. I would preler 4'2 '
as nearly as possible to keep tUem. I put up "20 in
'i-ough boxes on summer stands, boxes six inches lar-
ger than hives, tilled in with shiivings. I have win-
(teiert so two years and never lost any. They seem in
line condition but it is ((uite expensive— cost nie S15.00
■*o p'nt np the twenty hives but think it pays well.
Wonld like to have them all i)ut up in the same way.
l>he of lAv neighbors had three stocks In box hives
and has lost them all, think tlie loss will bo quite
ficvero in this vicinity.

Lewis Kki-lY, Smyrnla, Ionia Co., Mich.

Having had the pleasure of a visit to the Apiary of
■J. S. Hill & Sons, near 3lt. Pleasaht, I will. With your
permission, Mr. Editor, say a few words in regard to
It. Any one entering their bee yard can see at first
glance that there is the best of order, system and
management. It contains H5 large Laiif2;stiotb hives
comjiletely stOrm and weather i)roof, adapted alike to
the storms and zero cold of winter, and the broiling
sun of July and August. Perfect ventilation with no
possible chance of a draft of cold air on the bees, and
no danger of moisture ot frost in the liive to give the
beei till' dysentery.

3Ir. Hill'having years ago been convinced that cellar
wintering wduld not do in our changeable climate, has
given a great deal of thought, time and attention to
the business of out door wintering; that he has made
It a success, is proven by the fact that his loss iu the
past four or five years, has been very light, in fact
.scarcely any loss at all ; while others all around him
lost heavily. He manages to get them through winter,
strong in numbers and is not ti'oubled ftitli colonies
dwindling down in spring and deserting their hives,
as did so many the past two years where they had
been wintered in cellars and other repositories. Mr.
Hill is a firm believer in strong stocks— in keeping
them strong the year round— takes the position that
tlie only sure way to have strong colonies in early
.spring, "is to see to it that they are strong in the fall.
His location is not nearly as good for honey as many
othei's, yet the amount he takes yearly would satisfy
many of us who are in more favored localities ; his
only dependance for surplus, is white clover, having
no "poplai", linden, or buckwheat, consequentlj' the
honey season is rather sliort, ending by July 1st.
The "hive used bj' Mr. Hill is, of course, not a dollar
hive, and would perhaps be thought, by some bee-
keepers, to be entirely too expensive, but all things
fonsidered I believe it to be the cheapest for out-door
wintering. Jonas Scholl.

Lyons Station, Ind. Jan. 6th, 1875.

Were we to stop here, we might think the
matter settled, but why does Quinby now ad-
vise a hive with only lialf inch Joi^??'(?s as a protec-
tion. His large hive was most perfectly adapt-
ed for packing material on all sides of the
l)ees, even to a thickness of 8 or 10 inches. In
the large Apiaries about him would it be fair
to suppose they had abandoned this plan be-
fore giving it a fair trial? We should much
like to hear from Hetherington, Elwood, and
others in this matter. See letter on page 29.
The testimonials in regard to the Fiim hive
Hre none of them from practical bee-keepers
?iuch as are known through the Journals, and
none of them owners of large Apiaries, If we
wanted to make a hive Such as they describe
in thbir circular we assuredly should not think
of buying a right for the privilege, but if they
\vould make us a hive at a reasonablie price
.suitable for receiving our frames, so that \V^
cotild easily set a colony into one, ^Ve wotiltl
prefer to buy of them rather than nlake onie.

If Adanl Grimtii, dnd Capt. Hetherlngtoh
will give their opinion in regard to double wflU
iaVes cohipared AVith single onbs fdt oUt-tidor
Vvlntt-ring, we \vill clicei'fiUly pjty any rfedsdnsl-
ble sum for service. During fAll" pi'dthitStfed
cold weather, many complaints luivc couiq ju,
in regard to ice forming in hivea loft out-dours,

and many losses are reported already. In
cases like these, we do think the straw mats a
great advantage, and is it not possible that
tliey are as etlicient as the expensive double
walls V

mo'H:^;A^ c<>.i^:rM:i?>r®

®

hRIEXI) KOOT : -Please name a few parties of
whom I can buy Basswood honey and oblige.
Cn.vs. F. Mt;TH, Cincinnati, O." Feb. 3rd, 1875.

I have now on hand aboUt 60 gallons of that choice
thick Clover hohey>, same as you bought of me, there
is very little sale for it he'rcv Price 18c., dellverect
here. " Wni. Pavne, Spencer, Medina Co., O. Feb. 1.

Have sold our Catnip honey to W. G. Smith, Sh
Louis, 15 cts. delivered, he paldptomptly. The barrel
came to 864..55 net; that isn't bad is it? Shall set out
half an acre of plants next Spi-ing, and sow some seed
too. J. L. WoLFENDEN, Adanis, Wis.

I sent my honey to Barber & Stout, Cincinnati, O..
got 15 cts. cash on delivery and was paid to a cent. 1
also sent J. Lippincott, of Pittsburg, Pa., one barrel.
Now Novice, please .accept my most profound thanks
for your assistance in disposing of my honey, by your
recommendations to the two above named honey men.
There is nothing like keeping bees to restore a burned
farm, and dollars are by far the best chromes.

J. DUFFELEK, Wequiock, Wis. Dec. 16th, '74.

rertaltiingr to Bee Cxilttire.

[Wc respectfully solicit the aid of our friends in
conducting this department, and would consider it
a favor to have them send us all circulars that have
a deceptive appearance. The greatest care will be at
all times maintained to prevent injustice being done
any one.]

'■^^ cut the following from E. C. Haalkrd
^"^ & Go's circular, 192 Chambers St., N. Y.

HONEY.
These packages are made of flint glass, tight, veiy
attractive, convenient size, and salable, possessing a
marked advantage over all other Honey in the market,
because of its non-congealing tendencies. The Ex-
tracted Honey in bottles and tin, culled from Alsike
Clover, and Orange blossoms and thrown from the
comb by centrifugal force, is entirely free from all
foreign substances and will be foimd to possess the
delicate BOUQUET and medicinal qualities so seldom
found in the ordinary commercial article.
E. C. H. & CO'S Puke Extracted Honey :
In Quarts, Fancy Decanters, per doz.... $4.56

We might think this a mistake but the Gro-
cery and Prooision Revietn of Jan. 18th, quotes:
precisely same prices. As a quart of good
honey weighs 3 lbs., these good people are sel-
ling it at i2ioC. per lb. and charging nothing
for those Fancy Decanters, packages, cost of
putting up etc., etc., and yet producc'rs get
frojn 15 to 16. . _

Mm'p^^tm' MtL''B&%iwmM^tm:^i

W> CAN can report 850 lbs. oomb and 150 lbs. extraot-
!| ed honey from six swarms with Quinby hive,
!*i o. J. hethk«<nqton.

East Saginaw, Mloh. Nov. 25th, 1874,

From 34 hives we took 3000 lh»., 600 lbs. box and bal-
ance extracted. , T. E. Hawkins & Buo.
New Frankfort, Mo. Dec. 18th, 1874,

Twenty-three coloilies of Italian bees made l6» lbs;
ofextrabtOd honey to the colony last .year up to July
15tH. JoUn ScheEkek, Ridgley; Mo:

I fcomhlcnced Us^ spriiSg \Vlth Qile 8\t^di-iti d.ri iHtfec
KtliiibS. .in^i imf iytn'e UQt ctQwdcd at that. 1 e.xtract-
bd 95 ihki, liouey, increased to four that have 22 lbs.
average of their own stores. O. W. Paukbr,

New London, Minn. Dec. 25th. 1874,

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

Mar.

Twenty-two stocks in spring— taken 11'20>2 lbs. ex-
iracteil honey, iSS;;.' lbs. bo.v honey, have now 46 strong
-stocks and 14 tiueen rearing nuclei and weak stocks.
Increased by artificial and natural swarming and lost
.ieveral natural swarms. M. I'AUSE.

Flue liUitl", Ark. Nov. Una, 1874.

I had it) stocks of bees last spring in Langstroth
hives, one-half of them were very weak. 1 got 1100
!bs. of box honey Irom 20 stocks, it was sold for from
CO'ij' to "iriJi CCS. per lb. I have iucreaseil my bees this
year to 4o stocks which I have put into winter quar-
ters with from 30 to :i'o lbs. each.

Wm. J. Deuuick, Borodino, X. Y. Dec. 14th, '74.

I had 60 swarms in the spring, some of them very
light in bees. 1 increased to lou, from natural swarm-
ing, and they made a little over 5000 lbs. of box honey,
including that not cap))ed. I hived no second swarms.
I used virgin (Jueens mostly, and cells. Oftea some
would be al)Out hatching; 1 would then put them in
after a swarm issueil. liees seem to be wintering well.

D. C. McUaliiou.n, Hornellsville, N. Y. Feb. fst, '75.

stick his head out at the ends, unless he sticks it in the
boxes ; but I forget vou are no box man I

K.ll. Mellex, Amboy, Lee Co., Ills.

32 swarms in spring, made 3000 lbs. surplus, increas-
ed to 50, (of course ic was all extracted) and have sold
it all for 15 cts. per lb. delivered on track. The honey
was nearly all from basswood, clover did not do much.
The fall was very ilry and the bees got very little after
basswood failed. . Don't know liow they will winter,
but they are ail right yet.

James fecuxT, Epworth, Dubuque Co., Iowa.

Last winter I i)ut up 68 swarms, all came through
alive but lost 4 which were Qiieenless; sold two more
Avhich left me 02. increased them the past season to
W swarms and got 2600 lbs. box honey and 600 lbs. ex-
tracted, for which I realized about S600.00. I sold 31
swarms for S7.50 each, so it leaves me with 68 swarms
again this winter, all of wliicli seem to be wintering
well. W. 11. Tenant, Eureka, Wis. Jan. 18th, '75.

Began tlie season with about 20 stocks in poor con-
dition. Five stocks l^ueenless in spring, increased
them to 37 in fall, in apparent good condition to winter.
From 6 stocks ia non-s warmers, took .560 lbs. box hon-
ey; from the l.Oit, 110 lbs., from the poorest, 65 lbs.
IJuilt up and increased the remaining stocks, and took
760 lbs, liquid white honoy from them. Fed in the fall,
15 Ills. "A" sugar. Beared during the summer, 36 sur-
plus Italian Queens.

J. H. Nellis, Canajoharie, N. Y.

AVe have only extracted from 5 stocks this summer
as we thought best to "go slow and sure." Well, we
took from those 5 stocks over 300 lbs. of honey, and
increased them Co 13 good stocks witli i)lenty of honey
lor winter supplies, while our otlier 4 left for box hon-
ey anil natural swarms, iiave swarmed altogether too
much, an(t gave very liltie surplus. And worst of all,
some of the young swarms went to the woods, in spite
of all our endeavors to prevent them.

li.A MiciiENiiit, Low Banks, Ont., Can. Oct. 10, '74.

The summer was very dry, so there was very little
honey storetl. But the fall was unusually fine. Four
stocks tie voted to box honey, gave 128 lljs., an average
of 32 lbs. per stock. Nine slocks yielded to the ex-
tractor 741 lbs., an average of 82>i lbs. per stock. The
largest yield irom any one stock was 1.53 lbs. I in-
creased my 13 to 23 and tliey go into winter (juarters
in good condiliou with .50 lbs. of stores per hive. I
should have extracted a little closer, but was away
from home at the time it should have been done.

Di£. \V. H. P. JoNE.s, Nashville, Tenn.

Last year I tried small frames poniething like Har-
bison's^ only I had them so that the bees could work
all ways through them—could tier them up etc. It
was on a Quinby hive or ratiier frame, jiut small
frames on sides "and top, got between OOand 100 lbs. of
comb honey and one swarm of bees besides. I shall
try them several ways the coming season. The best .1
have done with boxes is about tlie sanie as above. My
frame Is 14x10 inches, inside measure— have three New
Idea hives— l>e(!K swarmed oui of them while I was ex-
tracting in spite of all I eoulil do. How'-* that? -never
saw such a season for swarming i-eturiicd most of
mine. 1 have only 26 swarnr^ and do not want to in-
crease if 1 can help it for 1 cannot attend to them. I
wlnt(M' in a large i-el!ar and lose no beex keep U]) my
<'xi)('riiiients winter as well as summer that's half the
fun. J\Iosr of my frames are >o idaced that the boxes
<-ome up pluini) agai.ist the nxlx of frame ; and iire just
as ckwc to the biood as those on top and in fad tlic
gui.K' comb 1s a good deal iieiircr, and no live c:!,!

now TO FLV IJEES IN' A ItOOM.

In the spring of '73 bought two colonies of bees,
having jjoor health thought the attention to them in
tlie oi)en air would be beneticial; finding the business
so pleasant and profitable concluded to make it a per-
manent business, and have given m\' whole attention
to it. Increased my two colonies "to ten, bought 12
more, making in all 22. All came out good in the
sjiring of '74, and I got 2100 lbs. box honey and 400 lbs.
extracted, and increased to 47. I have now 65 colonies
in my cellar all in good condition exceiit one. which
showed signs of dysentery. I gave them a fly, and
this is how I did it. Took )jine strips one inch squ.are,
made a frame 4 feet square and 'li-i tieep; covered
sides with news-papers tacked on, spread papers on
the carjiet of sitting room near south witidow. Set
my frame on it covering the top with mosquito bar,
set hive outside with entrance opening into it through
a hole cut in paper. Waited until bees were all quiet
then warmeit up room to 65^, standing thermometer
against hive; all flew well for Ave hours, cleaned out
their hive, and as darkness came on, all returned to
hive again, making it a perfect success. The papers
were badly soiled. Shall serve the rest the same if
necessa»-y. By flying them this way with but a tri-
fling expense you need not lose a bee. Winter my
bees in cellar with dirt walls, temperature 40 to 45 ,
cellar very dry. I use Langstroth hive, got most of
my honey in 20 lb. boxes, two boxes cover a hive— not
quite as salable but I get good deal more honey in
large boxes. Box honey average'^, me 24c. i)er'lb..
extracted 20c. per lb. Extracted only to give room for
the Queens to lay.

D. Bassfoki), Watertown, Wis. Jan. 25th, 1875.

P. S. — VV"ould not advise any man to fly bees in the
sitting room without the full consent ofhis better half.

BASSWOOO OR I.IlVOEiV ; STAKTING
A I'LANTAXIOIV.

sifi IIAVE no Linden seed on hand at present. The
I'll seed should be planted in tlie fall or kept in damp
^ sand and i)lanted uarly in spring. As a general
thing the seeds are about two-thirds bad. I think
cuttings are best to raise plants from. They nearly all
grow, if rightly handled. I sell the cuttings in spring
at 30 cts. per 100. free bv mail.

Thomas J. Ward, St. Mary's, Vigo Co., Ind.

The above answers many inquiries. In the
foil of 1871 we gathered and p'auted about a
half peck of basswood seed, according to the
directions given in Fuller's Forest Tree Cultu-
rist. (So few of these came up that we never
used them at all, preferring to get our 4000 for
the 10i.< acres fioin the forests. We have rea-
son to think that basswoods grow better when
partially shaded, than in the open ground. On
a part of our lot, there are about 50 large white
oaks; we at first hesitated about planting the
the young trees among these, but now And
those among them, have made the best growth
of all. Perhaps many of our readers have no-
ticed the rank vigorous growth that these trees
often make when young, where they stand in a
thicket of bushes and briers sometimes in fence
corners. Shading the ground around the roots,
from the hot sun, when young, we think per-
hai)s an important item. Although we have
never tried cuttings, we think it probable they
would answer excellently. A tree on one of
our streets that was planted out with some
maples about seven years ago, blossomed last
year for the first tfme, but it was takeu up
when so large that it did not begin to grow,
until about three years after transplanting.
For reasons mentioned, we should advise close
planting at first, say 10 or 12 feet apart, on a
l)lan similar to the one given in Vol. 1, pages
2 and 2;"), for locating hives -in the Apiary.
When the trees get crowded, thin out. The
1 tiiiiber will soon pay all expenses.

5:a75.

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

33

FROM DIFFERENT FIELDS.

^W ISTKN to the patent right vender and do nothing
m * but shake your head, says the Rural New York-
i.VJl <T. but I don't aj)|)rove of tiiat way. My Mother
often toUl me when I wa8 little that I would' learn to
butt If I shook my liead so much. I will tell you how
1 served an "Agent," of some kind. I was in my Api-
ary working with my bees, and he laid his satchel on
:i hive that was near, and while he botljere<l me, lie
still kept kno<'king tlie hive witli iiis satchel. Tlie
bees began to get cross, V)Ut he didn't tiiink you know.
I'retty soon the bees came out and "went for him"
lively, lie began to (iodge and slap, but lie soon grab-
bed " his satchel and began to "beat a retreat."
slapning and cracking his head with the satchel anil
i5])oiling his line hat all to pieces, he "hollered" back
he had enough of the bee business and left. It was
laughable to" see him "light out.""

V. McBride, [page 11. Jan. Xo.] says that during the
■winter of the nialadv, all the bees iuLangstroth hives
died, and two-thirds in others ct<;. I saw bees in all
kinds of hives that died, some in box hives from one
foot to five feet high and some in some old washing
machines turned up side down, others in the gable end
of a house, some in tlie old straw hives and all kinds
of patent hives, and by the way they died in all kinds,
about the same. Some had " the patent hives and
lost their bees and then blamed the patent hive, but I
found it was their fault oftentimes, as it makes it a lit-
tle handier for them to divide their bees and to take
their honey. They think the patent hive ought to
make honey without bees almost. I guess the ^•king^''
don't manage right some how as some of those old
farmers call them ; don't you think Mr. Root, that it
is the King's fault that the "bees die?

D. H, OuDEN-, Wooster, O.
We guess it must be the King friend O., for
we feel sure the Qu(en is not to blame. Our
very best colony in 187??, dwindled down to the
weakest in the spring of '74. They went down to
:i mere handful, swarmed out twice, and it was
only b}' giving them hatching brood several
times that we could barely get the Queen
through until July, and then she proved herself
fully equal to what she had been the season
before; in fact she kept putting two or more
eggs in a cell all through the spring months.
It is only the workers that die ofl' as soon as
brood rearing commences. The very same
process is now going on in our forcing house
(Feb. 5th.) yet the brood will get ahead we
think. Keeping t!ie sick bees warm in the
lamp nursery revives them some but they soon
die nevertheless. The idea advanced that it is
•i kind of fi/ thut kills the bees, can certainly
have nothing to do with our losses.

NOW FOK THK HOT BED.

Jan. 2'ind, we let the sun in to the pit and at 2 P. M.
there was a perfect jollification, Just like a lot of young
bees playing in summer. And they did "spot" things
inside the pit at a great rate, showing they needed a
fly. As soon as it began to cool down they all went in
to the hives except some dead ones on the straw, no
more tlian would have been found if they had flown
the natural way, and about two-thirds of a tea-cupful
which were stuck on the sash in groups from one to a
<lozen. These latter we brushed out on a dust pan and
put in t<i|i of one of the hives, as they were still alive,
and saiil liive was mighty "sassy" too ; seemed strong
in bees, ]ilenty of honey, "and combs dry. The pit was
not dug till after the ground was frozen 8 inches deep,
conseinu'utly there was considerable frost on the
glas.'r which'we swept ofl" as soon as the sun loosened
it a little. The damijness inside the pit was soon dried
and everything went lovely.

We were going to hoist our hat for the hot-bed, but
guess we'll wait till spring before we shout too loud.

Don't forget the "Medley" for we want to see Katie
Grimm, yiv. Grimm, and a'U the rest.

W. M. Kellogg, Oneida, Knox Co., Ills.

A Mr. Abbot, of Wakeman, O., uses leather instead
of Quilts. He says the leather is cheai)er and does not
rattle or stick. He fits them tight on the top of frames
and the\ did not mould last winter and tlie bees win-
tered belier than under quilts or tight Iranies. My

bees in my hot-house when it has been warm enough
for them to fly (no fire as yet) readily find their way
back to their own hives, w'hile those on their summer
stantls (though protected on the top and north siiles)
died liy hundreds if not thousands on the snow as thev
lit and fell on it last week.

T. L. Waite, Berea, O. Feb. 4th. '">.
We had an intimation some time ago thai
Mr. Abbot had a remedy for propolis, above
the frames. Leather being porous, might do
very well, but will it not kill bees when press-
ed down on them? Again, can we get a piece
that will cover a hive for the price of a quilt,
and what kind of leather is best? Mr. Abljor
claimed that he had some valuable information
to sell, on the subject. We presume most of
you have discovered that those who claim to
bo possessed of valuable information, not to be
fovtid in books, are generally somewhat of a
fraud ; never mind friend Abbot, if you have by
experimenting got hold of something valuable,
bring it along. We will pay you for your
time and trouble.

I had to-day to open the entrance full size to almost
all hives. Bees keep up a lively hum and are carrying
in loads of pollen equal to spring work. Considering
your mortality from disease ami cold in the North and
your continual trouble and anoriet}/, I think we have
"far the advantage of you.

I lost one very weak swarm this winter by robbers.
This is bv far" the worst eneniv I have to contend
with. "J. B. Ramsey, Abbeville, La. Jan. 21st, '75.

And with your advantages, friend R., why
do you not build up larger Apiaries, ami raise
honey bj- the car load as do our friends in
California ? We can imagine the smile of re-
lief that would spread over the faces of some
of our readers, had they no worse trouble than
robbers to contend with.

"When I ordered the two first volumes I thought I
could do without Gleanings ord Vol.— But it won't
DO. Don't forget the Jan. number. 'Twont do ! No,
if "blue eyes" falls down over the boards you inuxt,
stop and help her up. In our haste, don't let" us make
a God of our Bees.

Have 35 stands in box to be transferred, have adopt-
ed the Standard. Shall want an extractor etc.

C. M. Josnx, M. D. St. Charles, Mich.

I examined several of my colonies the 20tli of Jan.
and found brood in all stages, from the egg to the
hatching bee. One stock with brood on lour combs.
Lost none to date, tliough one hive has soiled its
combs considerably. H. Peden, Mitchellville, Tcnn.

From several similar items, we see it is noth-
ing very unusual to tind brood even in Jan., in
the Southern and Middle states, whether this
is desirable or not, we are unprepared to say.

Many thanks friend "Novice" lor the binder you
sent me, I never expected such a nice premium. We
have every number of "Gleanings" in its proper
place in the binder, and let me tell every bee-keeiier,
to get Emerson's Binder for "Gleanings," then they
can preserve them for their children's children if thev
like. But "Novice" I never said "confound it" if I
could not just And the desired number of Gleanings.
No indeed! we always kept them in a drawer by
themselves so that wealwavs knew just where to find
them. (Teach us order and precision and then ask
such a (picstion as per advertisement.)

"N^ovice" tells us to "have every comb built between
one and the side of the hive'' in" order to have them
straight, but it won't always work unless the old
combs have brood or sealed honey at the top. I have
had the old combs widened out so" as to fill the whole
space, and nothing put in the enqity frame at all. I
believe this will always happen if emi)ty frames arc
inserted immedlatelv" after extracting. The remedy
is, use the Standard hive, move back the division
board just to give room for one frame at a time, move
back the combs till you come to the middle of the
brood nest, insert the empty frame there, and. Ho !
you will have the whole frame nearly filled, with nice
worker comb, and e<ifix too before morning jjcrhaps.
This should only be done when the bees are gathering
honev nicelv. " Ila Michener. Low Banks, Out., Can.

S4.

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

2875.

If it is only yourself that reads Gi.eanings,
they might easily be kept nice "in a drawer,"
but we confess that we felt rather flattered a
short time since in visiting several l^ee friends,
to find the last number at one place conveni-
ently on a stand with a pair of specta<^les laid
on the pages to keep the place, and at another
the number, (although it had only been out a
Aveek) looked as if some urchin had used it for
a spelling book during a whole terra at a coun-
try school. It certainly had l>een used, and we
went our way rejoicing. Friend Ila is right
about strait combs, and we thank him for the
correction. But beware of spreading the brood
combs however, before the weather is quite
warm.

Mr. D. Dubois, Newburg, Orange Co., N. Y.,
sends us an ingenious plan for a movable por-
tico to be applied to any kind of a hive. It is
made of two boards 4x11 inches, fiisteued to-
gether at the top like a letter A. Now imagine
the horizontal cross bar on this letter, a button,
with a screw through the centre to liold it up
firmly to the hive, and you have it all. Each
end of this button is made with a projection
that enters a slot cut in each of the boards, but
not quite thi'ough them. By boring a hole just
above the button, we have an upper entrance,
with the button for an alighting board ; in the
Avinter by turning this button perpendicularly,
it closes the upper entrance. To keep the por-
tico from slipping down, a nail is driven just
underneath the peak. This allows us to make
the upper and lower story just alike and yet
have a portico if any body wniit.-i one. After
testing hives with, and without, for two
seasons past, we really cannot think it makes
any difference either way with the honey crop.
Our friend Dean says a portico encourages the
bees in hanging out of doors, and he wants his
bees in the hive. Now if the spiders should
persist in making a new web in these porticos
every morning, as they sometimes do in ours,
we can easily lift them off and put them away.
Some will probably always prefer jwrticos,
while others will not, as in other things.

DEAR NOVICE :— Please say to the inquisitive ones,
through "Gleanings," that the $^4.45 mentioned on
front cover of No. 6, Vol. 2, was the cost of the iron
work mentioned in the same sentence, at the factory.

That the saws, 1)olts, beltinp:. and lumber ran tlie
1)ill for materials up to about $48.00.

That I put the machine togetlier mj'self, witliout
adding to the ligures.

That while the machine does do more accurate work,
than I have ever succeeded in having done, by more
portentous machinery; nevertheless, the idea of using
human muscles, as the motive power, for the amount
of work that looms np, prospectively, in tlie immediate
future, does not correspond, very well, with the boast-
ed ingenuity of this age and nation.

Therefore I am preparing to "attach"' a lever horse
))ower to the machine, by means of a belt thrown over
a pulley, placed on the driving shaft.

Tliis winter, in these parts, would do no discredit, to
an arctic region. This morning the mercury fell to 40°
below zero, and was still going down, when I took it
in out of the cold; because it had reached (and in fact
was a little below) the end of the graduated scale, at
40". The mercury in the cellar, of late, keeps vibra-
ting about, and near to the freezing point. Bees quiet.

1). r. Imne, Koshkonong, Kock Co., Wis. Feb. II, 'Tri.

How long will it take to feed 25 lbs. of sugar syrui)
■with the Universal feeder to an average colony of
beer; in warm weather ?

We have never tested the matter, because
wc deemed feeding a pint or a quart a day,
more desirable iu preparing for winter, than

more rapid feeding. If the bags were made to
hold about a quart each, and were filled morn-
ing noon and night, or oftener, we could prob-
ably get them to take 25 lbs. in two or three
days, in warm weather.

How will molasses hhds. answer for holding honey
temporarily ? Say, take one head out— thoroughly-
clean — heat in the sun — then coat the inside with hot
wax. using a brush for the purpose. When the honey
candies there will be no difliculty iu getting it out.

We would advise trying the plan j'ou men-
tion. If you pour in a quantity of melted wax,
and run it all over the inside, it will assuredly
make it hold honey.

How long before you can give us a simple and infal-
lible remedy for honeN' crystalizing? Such would be
worth a good deal to liie as my whole crop is sold ia
bottles and will not retail well in a solid state. For
the present, will heating to the boiling point in a ves-
sel set in water answer? Must the honey be bottled
and sealed while hot or will it do as well when cold ?

We find no trouble when we follow directions
given heretofore, viz., heat your honey almost
to a boil, fill the jars full, and seal (tt once, while
hot, just as if it were fruit. If not made hot.
enough, it will candy again partially. We
think the writers who say that pure honey will
always candy, a little hasty.

The frames in my hives rest on a metal rabbet and
are not secured at the bottom. They slide about very
easily. When I send off a load of hives to an apiary. I
secure the frames by jjlacing half inch strips reaching
to the bottom board" between the combs at each end.
It takes considerable time to fix them. Can you devise
anything that will be less bother and answer equally
well?

To be sure if we liave frames perfectly mova-
ble, they must of a necessity be made stationery
when we wish to transport colonies and the
question arises as to whether it is advisable to
be bothered with any arrangement for keeping
frames fixed, every time we open a hive, just
because we have once in a great while
a case that makes such an arrangement desira-
ble. In moving our bees to the swamp, see
Vol. 1, page 75, we put strips between all of the
end bars to the frames, except one hive which
was overlooked, but as this hivehad not been
opened at all, the bridge of wax from one comb
to the next, kept the frames all in their places.
This is generally sufficient for moving short
distances, where the combs have been iu use
several years, and where they have not been
taken out for some little time before moving.
In shipping bees considerable distances, wc
know of no plan better than the sticks. Some-
thing could be added to the hive for this when
making, but would it be advisable, when the
hive in many apiaries may not require to Ix;
moved in years? In moving the hives in doors
and out, even with Metal Corners as well as
rabbets, no preparation is needed, if the hives
are carried so that the frames do not oscillate
by the motion of stepping.

Are Basswood trees ornamental, and of rapid

growth? Would they grow here? Our climate will

admit of the culture of the hardier varieties of grapes.

G. (/'. MiLLKH, Mt. Hanley, Annapolis t^o., N. S.

The Basswood is a most beautiful tree for
ornament, and when it blooms the i)erfume
extends for a great distance around. It is a
very rapid grower when once started and wc
believe is perfectly hardy so far as frost is con-
cerned.

Bees worked on rye Hour all through the month of
Dec, and most of the nunilli of Jan., but are housed
np now on .account oC coin. 1 have 6.S colonies mostly
in good condition, and think J will have same number
when spring opfus "Long may you wave.''

J. F. MoNiGOMKKV, I,iiico!n. Tcuu.

1875.

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

;i.^

I make a hive, 12 frames about 11x13 inches, inside
measure, frames, division Ijoards, entrance blocks,
bottom and cover, with one cotton cloth feeder as you
recommend, painted three coats, all complete for 81-50.
If you wish, you can say through Gleanings that I
will give one of my hives complete for a sample to any
one that will send you a club of 10 new subscribers for
Glkanings, from Canada, (no patent on it) for 1875 by
> our giving them the (-erliticate showing that they
liave done so. D. A. Jones, Tecuniseth, Can. Feb. 8.

jNIany thauks friend J. We would be very
'jrlad to offer yov something in this case, but at
50c eacli there is scarcely any margin at all
after paying expenses.

FRIEND NOVICE:— My hives are 153^ inches wide
for ten frames; would they be any better if narrower .^
Will bees work as well in small frames for surplus
honey a^ in boxes ? Do you think the bee business
will ever be over-done in' the United States H

H. LiUHV, Lewiston, >Ie. Dec. 14th, 1874.

If j'ou mean that you put ten frames in a
space of 15'^ inches we should advise using

DEAR NOVICE:— I am in favor of deep frames for
these reasons: Exj)erience has convinced me tliat
bees winter better and breed earlier In deep than in
shallow frames. In lioUow trees ; tho natural home of
the bee (and \\\v one thev like most) the
U'i>th is always greater than the wi<Uh. In shallow
Trauies tliey have to spread out so thin, or cluster on
I he cold hciney, that it nuikos it much haixler to keep
up the necessary warmth. They seem to tliink they
must have bees" where they have honey; and I have
noticed these outside guards often get chilled and die
■It their post. The natural place for bees to store
honey, is in the top of their combs; and when they
want to know what they have in store they look for it
there; hence we often see thcni start from the <;lu8ter
run over the honey as il esiiuialing it then i)ass into
the cluster, doubtless to report. When the honey is
directly over them I think they are more fully im-
pressed with its possessions. "A hive 12x12 and lO |
inches in depth I believe is the beet size and shape for ,
wintering. Such a hive will allow plenty of honey in |
the top and enough empty comb at the bottom for the ;
bees to cluster on, and keei) in a round form which is i
certainly the best. Hut it will be said shallow frames •
are handier— should we not try to please our bees as j
well as ourselves ? Again they swing together too '
badly— cannot some lixture be made to keep them 1
apart? What says Novice? |

CilAS.'WiLKiNS, Ott, Oregon. Dec. 4th, '75.

But bees die in hollow trees nearly, if not
quite as badly as in hives; as new swarms
generally select these vacated hollow trees, we
forget that not one colony, but a half dozen
■nay have occupied the tree in a dozen years.
We know bees run over the combs, frequently,
but we can hardly accept the idea that they do
it exactl)^ for the reason mentioned. We do
uot use shallow frames for the reason that they
are handier. See pages 10, Vol. 1, and 29, Vol.
I. If hives and frames are properly made, they
can be made to hang true even when 16 inches
deep.

I wish to have all understand that my one dollar

Queens are the poorest. My prices are for a Queen

Sl.OO, for a choice Queen $2.00, for a tested Queen $5.00.

J. W. HosMEU, Janesville, Minn.

The above was sent us by a subscriber, who
had written Mr. H. in regard to $1.00 Queens.
We are alone responsil)ie for Mr. Hosmers
name appearing in our list. He wrote us that
he had been selling Queens for $1.00 for some
years ; shortly after he sent us (we presume by
mistake) 75c. the second time. As he made no
j-eply in regard to a query as to how we should
use this, we took the liberty of keeping his
name in during the year.

We need hardly repeat that we never intend-
ed dollar Queens, to include such as had been
tested and found j)oor; and we do uot wish to
include the names of any who propose to do
this, in our list.

eleven frames instead of ten. If you mean 15 '.j
is the length of top bar, we should consider it.
as good as any unh.ss you use your hives two
story, in which case a little longer frame might
be better. Small frames put inside of larger
ones, have often been tried but then; are many
difficulties ; they must be made very accurate-
ly, to stay in i)lace, the bees do not seem to like
so much wood in their way, every thing is cov-
ered with i)ropolis, and their owner generally
concludes that the arrangement is too mucli
bother to use on a large number of hives. We
have just as much fear that too much butttr
and cheese will be produced, or too many eggs,
as that the market will ever be overstocked
with honey. What has been the result with
small fruits? Remember too that they are
perishable goods, while honey will keep safely
for years.

In answer to J. H. Irwin in Feb. No., page 22 : Ho
can find as much comb honey in Langstroth frames as
he may need, by writing Paul Dunken, Freeman, Cass
Co., Mo. He has .500 to 700 frames.

\V. Ct. Smith, St. Louis, Mo. Feb. 4th, 1875.

I thought it was quite settled now that to raise brood,
bees are obliged to have farina in some shape, but 1
was amazed to find what a quantity tliey consume, b\-
starting my three colonics with only brood and 25 or
;W bees to a hive. I thought I was liberal in supplying
them and they got on swimmingly at first, then the
dead brood commenced appearing and I gave them
more pollen and all went well again. I found out too
that very young bees in an emergency like that, gather
pollen as well as older ones.

Annie Saunueks, Woodville, Miss.

In '73 my bees paid in honey sold $22.50, in '74 about
$12.00 i)er hive. I have had your experience for the
last two years in the loss of bees.

H. W. Miner, Sarauac, Ionia Co., Mich.

Excellent season for bees, had between 1500 and 2000
lbs. surplus in boxes. Sold, for from 18 to 2.5c per lb.
Box hive man--can see no better way yet.

J. F. Temple, Ridgewaj-, Lenawee Co., Mich.

Gleanings is indispensable, but my wife says I get
some new hobbv from every niunber.

Wm. II. Root, Port Byron, N. Y.

Tell 3'our wife that healthy, wholesome hob-
bies are always productive of good, and that
we shall always strive to have Gleanings
teach none other.

Can 1 make a bee hive and use a movable frame sucli
as Mr. Quinby describes, without paying for the indi-
vidual right ? And if I have to pay lor the right, who
is tlie proper person to be paid ? and how much will
it cost to make and use for myself, say one or more ?
T. H. Apple, Jleadville, Pa.

We are happy to be able to say that you may
make hives, in any way you desire, so far as we
know, without the least necessity of paying
any body a right for any thing.

"We got up a resolution at our convention, to applj-
to our Legislature for a law to label all packages of
honey witli the producer's name, and let the seller be
resjjonsible for adulteration, if not mentioned,—
subject to a penalty when detected, etc.. etc. Can you
give us advice how to act ? M. Quinby.

We do not know that we are able to give
any advice iu the matter. Would not the law
like many others be dropped and forgotten
because no one would enforce itV It seems to
us that the great work is to educate consumers
to know ?i07iey and to demand it. This is all
that we have to rely on in a great variety of
goods, and that establishment that once gets a
name of dealing only in genuine commodities,
has its fortune made. People are learning rap-
idly. If any one likes the cheap honey let them
use it.

36

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

1875.

I have given my bees some rye flour, they take it
first rate, for tlic last two days they have been carry-
injc it in jjretty freely. It is bolted flour such as the
bakers use. Is it as good us the unbolted or not ? I
have not lost a colony yet and they all liave sealed
honey enough to spring them I think, but I have com-
menced to leed for brood rearing; feed syrup made of
white sugar.

Now friend Novice, I want some advice. I want to
adopt some other iiive than the Buckeye, but I want a
two story liive that I may procure, not bo.x honey, but
frame honey, and I want the frames in both stories
alike so I may use them interchangeably.

T. IJ. Pakkeu, Goldsboro, N. V. Feb. 1st, '75.

The bolted fine flour, is just as good as the
unbolted, except that the bees sink down in it.
If mixed with bran or sawdust it does very
well. When they can choose, bees always
prefer rye and oats, to wheat flour.

Use the Langstroth frame by all means, if
you are going to have a two story hive. If
you have not seen the L. fi'ame you had better
have us send you a sample by mail. We should
also use the Simplicity hives to hold them, for
then you can have both stories also, just alike,
and perfectly interchangaeble. We can furnish
a one story hive, frames, quilt, and all com-
plete for $1.75, and two of these makes a complete
two story hive. We decidedly prefer the L.
frames for two story, on account of their shal-
lowness, any of the other frames loom up so
tall when placed one above the other. We
think we have ample evidence that the Lang-
stroth hive winters equally as well as any
deeper frame in any climate.

Our only reason for giving a preference to
the Standard frame over the Langstroth, under
any circumstances, is that more ihan 10 L.
frames, placed side by side, make a hive incon-
venient to make and inconvenient to handle.
Therefore if you are going to get your surplus
above the brood combs, use the L. frame every
time. The Quinby would come next to it, as
it is much the same thing on a larger scale, but
the American, Gallup, or Standard, are not
suitable to be used two stories as a general
thing. Single instances 'tis true, may some-
times seem to point otherwise, but we have
gleaned the above from a large number of re-
ports extending over several years. Any
of the frames will we think, work very
well on the plan given on another page by
friend Joiner, but the last three mentioned
would stand a little the most compactly.

Do you believe a pure Queen fertilized by a black
drone will produce pure drones? and do you believe
pure Queens fertilized bv such drones, will produce
pure stock, and do you allow sucli drones in your Api-
ary ? Wliat would you charge for— say 3 cards 4x5
Inches each of drone coniii fll'lcfl with fresh laid drone
eggs from your imported Q\ui;'u, with l)ees enough to
keep up the lieat, and send bv express in Mav next?
Gkouge 1{. Huffman, Eflingham, Ills.

So much time has been wasted in discussing
this question that it is questionable whether it
be best to hazard an opinion, until Ave can
be Hure of solving the cpiestion positively. If a
black Queen could be fertilized, hei/oiid mldake,
by an Italian drone, we might readily decide
the matter, for we should then have one or two
>)andcd workers, and black drones invariably.
Will those who are equal to to this task, if any
such there be, please experiment and report.
Will. H. King, of Franklin, Ky.. did claim to
have made such an experiment, but evidence
was brought forward almost immediately,
showing that his statements were only a scries

of falsehoods. [See page 93, Vol. 1.] We see no
reason at present to doubt the experiments of
Ijan^troth and Berlepsch ; l^esides we find
Italian workers, in almost all Apiaries of black
bees in our vicinity, but the colonies producing-
them show only black drones.

So long as our object is honey, and we
only procure Italians because they gather more
honey, we cannot see that the question matters
particularly either way. Every Apiary of 50
colonies should have at least one Imported
Queen, and all colonies should be made with
Queens reared from this one. You will then
have good bees in every hive without bother-
ing about drones at all. All Apiaries of less
than 50 stocks can have an Imported Queen's
daughter — as they cost but $1.00 each, you can
buy 4 or 5 if need be, until you get one whose
workers suit you. Every one who rears Queens
for sale should certaialy have an Imported
Queen. At the low price at which they are
now ofl'ered there is no excuse for such blun-
dering, and if our readers would decide to pat-
ronize none but those having bonajide Imported
Queen mothers, advertisers would make haste
to supply themselves. The plea that Imported
Queens do not always produce three banded
workers, we think a mistake. All the re-
ports from Queens of the Nunn importation
agree without an exception that the workers
are not only three Itanded, but that they are
quite superior as honey gatherers. James Bo-
lin's letter just at hand is a sample of one of
them.

The idea of judging a (Jueen by her looks and grant-
ing a diploma etc., on the strengtli of it, is simply ridic-
ulous. Concerning Imported Queens, I would say tliat
I obtaine<l one of friend Nunn and if there are any
better ones ajiywhcre I would like to know it. Her
progeny and tliose of Queens reared from her are the
very best workers I have in my Apiary.

James Bolin, West Lodi, O. Jau. 7th, '75.

Friend II. had better have sealed drone
brood instead of eggs, it can then be
sent safely by mail without bees. We can send
it at the same price we do eggs from our Im-
ported Queen, viz., 35c for a piece 2x3 inches.
We have little faith however that the drones
can be made available.

I have a hot-bed and my bees ai"c doing well In it.
I have about 60 plants in it, I think they help the at-
mosphere a great deal.

A. N. Dkapek, Upper Alton, Ills. Feb. Ist, '75.

My boy had when we came here a small box of sun-
flower see<ls, which he kept as one of his playthings,
last spring be accidentally spilt them down in tne
garden by the I'cncc, and, old as they were, they came
uii ))i<)fusclv. They looked so thrifty, I took it into my
liead I (vould transiilant them. I went to work and
set them all around in the fence out of the way where
there would nothing else grow to advantage, and if
you will believe me, 1 liad an enrmous crop; and be-
hold when they blossomed the bees went at them in
earnest, and after the bees got through with them,
there were several quarts oi seeil. I solii a dollar'.s
wortli to my druggist, and the balance 1 fed out to my
hens, and as a writer of old has said, I found nothing
so good and nourishing for laving hens as sun-flower
seeds. Then I cut otT the heads and place them near
the bee hives, HU them with sugar and water, and that
suits the bee-i to a T. So you see I wa's to no expense,
and they i)aid well, I write this that others may be
benclittt'd as well as myself, by so doing.

Ooninuin sense, i)hilosoj)hy and religion, alike teach
us to receive with becoming reverence, all undoubted
facts, whether in the natural or sniritual world ; as-
sured that however mysterious tliey may appear to
us they are beautifully consistciU in the wight of Him
whose" "understanding is iniinite."'

Du. Ri HiTcucoCK, South Norwalk, Conn. Feb. 2na

AJJ VKU TISERS ' DEPAR TMENT.

d^XJBUnVO 1L.IST.

Wc will HCIUI (iLK.VNIXOS

With Tin- Anu-ricaii JU-c Joiirual (S^>.On)

'• Thi' Bee Kci,i)(U-'.s Ma^'aziiu- ( l.l!o)

" Th»- i;ei' >Voil.i ( -.MO)

" All thref, Tlie lU'o Jonrnal.s of America.
" American Agric\ilturist (Sl.tJO)
" Prairie Farmer
" Kural New Yorker
" National Aj;ricuUiirist
" Scientilic American

•• Fruit Kccoriier and Cottage Gardener (:*1.0(i
{Above rates include nil I'oslwje.l

{^■i..m....

( 1.25).

($3.15).

.52. 25
-.1.75
..2.(i0
..5.00
.S2.10
. .2.(i5
. .;!.oo
..1.75
.., ■?.(«)

Names of responsilile parties will be Inserteil Id
either of the following departments, at a uniform
price of 10c. each insertion, or 31.00 per year.

Xamen inserted in ffiis department tlie first time
without charge.

Books for Bee-Keepers.

SKXT postpaid on receipt of price.

I^angslroth on the Hive and Honey Bee S2.00

Quinl)> 's Mysteries of Bee Keeping 1 .50

Bee Keeper's Text Book, mnslin, 75

" " paper, 40

Good Books.

These, though uot specially designed for Bee-
keepers, have a tendency to inculcate princi-
ples that ensure success in bee-keeping as well
as almost all other rural pursuits.

The first on the list should be in the liauds
of every one who has planted grape vines to
shade the hives, as we have advised.

Any of these books will be forwarded by mail, post-
puid. on receipt of i)ric.e.

Fuller's (irape Culturist Si. 50

Fuller's Small Fruit Culturist 1..50

Fuller's Strawlterry Culturist 20

Fuller's Forest Trt^V Cult iirist I..o0

Henderson's Gardening' for I'rolit 1.50

Henderson's Practical Floriculture 1.50

Tim Bunker Papers 1..50

Ten Acres Enough 1.25

Roosevelt's Five Acres too Much 1.50

Art of Saw Filing (Holly) 75

Window Gardening 1..50 \

Leuchar's How to build Hot-Houses 1.50

Play and Profit in my Garden. Rev. E. P. Roe. l.,50

Waring's Draining for Profit and Health 1..50 I

Onion Culture 20 i

Purdy's Small Fruit Instructor 25

A-verill Ohemical I^aint.

THE O.VZ- 1' RELIABLE.
THE MOST BEAUTIFUL.
THE MOST ECONOMICAL.
THE MOST DURABLE.

Requires no oil thinner or drier.
Requires no waste of time in mixing,
Has stood eic/ht t/cn?-.s' criticisms
With i/earlf/ iyicreasrd popidarity
And i/eiirlii increnned sales.
Is sold by the gallon only, in |)ackages of from 1 to
40 gallons each, in Purest White and any Color or
Tint desired.
Address, for sample card of colors and price list,

Averill CliciiTlcal X»alnt Co.,

Office and Factorv 132 & 134 East River Street,

CLEVELAND, OHIO.

ITALIAN QUEENS bred from imported mothers—
a month earlier than in the North. Purity and
-:ife arrival guaranteed. Also full colonies of Italians
in Langstroth hives for sale at S15.00 per colony.
Address Du. J. P. H. BROAVN, Augusta, Ga.

Those whose names appear below, agree to furni«h
Italian Queens the coming season for'JI.oo each, un-
der the following conditions; No guarantee is to ht-
assumed of purity, safe deliverv or anv thing of the
kind, only that the (^ueen be rcare(l from a choice
l)ure mother. They also agree to return the monev a)
anv time when customers become impatient of siidi
delay as may be unavoidable.

Bear in mind that he who sends the best Queens,
\>\\t u)) neatest and most securelv, will i)robal)lv re-
ceive the most orders. Spe(;ial rates for warranted
and tested Queens, furnished on application to anv of
the parties.

G. W. Dean. River Styx. Medina Co.. Ohio.

J. Oatman & Co., Dundee, Ills. .-Jti

Dr. J. P. H. Brown, Augusta, Geoi-gia.

R. S. Becktell, New Buffalo, Mich.

M. E. McMaster, Shelbvville, Missouri. 2tl

Eli Coble, Corsinville. Marshall Co., Tenn. 2tl

Mil"© M iS;ii,'TOf -a <c>1tmwmwm®

AVho agree to make such hives, and at the prices
named, as those described on our circular.
Geo. T. Wheeler, Mexico, N. Y.

BEES and Supplies, never before offered, will be
furnished bv M. QUINBY. St. Johnsville, Mont-
gomery Co., N. Y. Send for circular and price list. 2t31

?3 99^^

S ^^ H 5 £ p

ft 3 >. ^.CiO

2 ? z a c-

re£;o^5 ""©m "^a -®a

- " c i^^

gcS2"g"-^a =1561 -^!

E ^ is 2 -^

^

® Si

"IBJl « ©

C IL, XT H RATES on 175 Papers. Send for
O Ij TJ B List including Agents' R,\tes on
K O O It J^ bv mail post-paid— 4no ir. List—
U O O 1%. H BiXGH.\MS' Agency, Sparta, Wis.
12t9p

T^INN'f

TO BEE KEEPERS!

POROUS DOUBLE WALLED BEE HIVE,

In winter!
free. Say
Addre>
3p

A SUCCESS—

ng Bees on their summer stand,
where you see thi's notice.

Circular

;o 3 £ - s g B

g'lS^'-H^--^

3 « o 3 n ^

S m s-<= S3**
•^ 3 »> :f . r-

•^ s'SH.: "si

» fZr- £■■ =
o _ =" » ; s w

^ C.=: 2i,. : 2

"►^ S s'^-i: • ^
^ o no': : ^

3»«:

KEYES & FINN,

Clyde, Jasper Co., Iowa.

3 re • . />~

c K i »^ .«6 jea -^t

ADV1<^BTISERS' DEPARTMENT.

.A-ID^VEI^'riSEIvCEISrTS.

Advertisements will be received at the rate of ten
cents per line, Nonpariel space, each insertion, cash
in advance ; and we require that every Advertiser
satisfies us of his res])onsibility and intention to do
all that he agrees, and that hisgoods are really worth
the price asked for them.

MUTH'S ADVERTISEMENT.

HONEY_ JARS.

One pound (square) Jars, per gross, $6.50

Two " " " " 8.50

One " " " Flint glass per gross 9.00

Two "• " " " " " " 11.00

Corks for 1 and 2 lb. jars 75

Tin Foil Caps, per gross 1.20

Labels, *• " 75

.V thousand laljcls address printed to order 5.00

< »ne qt. fruit jars. Mason's patent, per gross 18.00

Labels for same, " " 65

A thousand labels addrees printed to order 4.25

I fncapping Knives, as good as any, each 50

'" •'■ perdoz 4.50

Alsike Clover Seed, per bushel 15.00

•' " " peck 4.00

" " " " ijound .35

straw Mats, Bee Veils etc., at reasonable rates.

For further particulars, Address,
Itf CHAS. F. MUTH. Cincinnati, Ohio.

OUR Bee Journal of the Southern States. Issued
monthlv at S2.00 per vear. Sample copies free.

Address A. "F. MOON & Co. Rome, Georgia.

One foot and under, per hundred 82.00

Krom one to two leet 5.00

" two " six " 8.00

" six " ten " 15.00

" ten " fifteen 30.00

The one foot and under, sent bj- mail for 75c. i)er
hundred, extra. General nursery stock, such as Fruits
and Grape vines of all kinds, Apples and Cherries.
Evergreens, Osage Orange plants etc., for hedges,
sijecialties. Maple trees also at low figures.
/{t5d J. L. GREEN, Granger. Medina Co., Ohio.

Nit Bluck Jiccx to interfere with jmre fertilization.
Unwarranted Queens $1.00. Warranted S3.00. Bred
(roni daughters of imported or home bred Queens.
Full Colonies Italian Bees S13.00. Address
:HSi) J. OATMAN & CO., Dundee, Kane Co., Ills.

Every Bcc-Kccper should
subscribe for this Monthlv-
It is the oldest and best
scientitlc and practical
Journal of Apiculture in
the World. The most suc-
cessful and experienced
Apiarians in tliis country
and Europe contribute to its pages. Terms, $2.00
:■ year in advance. :Scnda.4tainpfnra.<<amuIe
Cupy. Address, THOMAS G. NEWMAN,
Cedar Rapids. Iowa.

AMERICAN
BEE JOURNAL.!

IMPORTED BEES.

For the past seven years we have Imported Ijce.'*
from Italy and have failed nearly every time, by lack
of knowledge of the true (conditions necessary for so
long a journey, and on account of the carelessness of
the shipi)ers." But we are now succeeding so well
that we receive ninety per cent of the Queens alive..
We claim to be
The only reervilar Importers of

ITALIAN BEES IN THIS COUNTRY.
We received over One Hundred Qttce?!,* in the sea-
son of 1874. Our Queens come from the best dfetricts-
of Italy. They are all young.

We winter 60 Imported Queens in our Apiary, and

will sell them in full colonies in the sprin-g, safe

arrival guaranteed.

Price : Colony of Italiaws with Imported Queen $20.06

" '• home bred "• 15.00

Our hives are good, well jjainted movable frame

hives. For particulars address

CH. DADANT & SON, Hamilton,

Hancock Co., Ills..

Tlie Bee -Keepers'
ITIag'azine, edited by
H. A. KiN<i, the only IL-

L U S T K A T E 1> MAGAZINK

treating of B e e - C u 1 1 u r e
in the ITnited States. 32
l)ages. Terms, 81.25 a year
with a present. The 64
page specimen n n m b e r »
with beautiful life-like
chromo of Italian bees and
honey plants (i)rice50 cents), sent free with the Mag-
azine five months for 50 cents. Agents wanted. Ad-
dress W. B. COBB, Publisher, 75 Barclay Street, N. Y.

125 COLONIES PURE ITALIANS.

We have ])urchased of the late Dr. T. B. Hamlin's,
stock of Bees, 125 COLONIES PURE ITALIANS
in Langstroth's Improved Hives, 10 frames, which we
otfer at the i-ednced price of $13.00 per colony, deliver-
ed on cars at Edgefield Junction, Tenn.
3t6p BARNUM & PEYTON.

FLORAL GUIDE FOR 1875.

Publislied Clua,rterly.— January Numbek
just issued, and contains over lOO Pages, 500 En-
GKAViNGS, descriptions of more than 500 of our best
Flowers and Vcg'etables, with Directions for
Culture, Coi.oked Plate, etc.— The most useful ami
elegant work of the kind in the world. —Only 25 cents
for the vear.— Published in English and German.

Address JAMES VICK, Rocliester, N. Y.

SEEDS AND BULBS^

TLLUSTRATED SPRING CATALOGUE FOR 1875

J_ NOW READY,

sent with a specimen of The American Garden,

a new Illustrated Journal of Garden Art, edited by
James Hogg, on receipt of ten cents.

BEACH, SON & CO., Seedsmen,
3tfx 76 Fulton St., Brooklyn, N. Y.

C

"CATNIP SEED for sale at 25c per oz.
A. A. RICE, Seville, Medina Co., O.

Address
lltf

One Copy One Year 75 Cents, or with Lithograpii of Apiavv, size 12x16, Mailed Free, Postpaid, Sl.oo, or Litho-
graph will be sent as a Premium for Two Subscribers at 75 cents each.
Any person obtaining Three Subscribers at 75 Cents each, may retain 25 Cents for their trouble.
;■ jt'ive •' " " " 75 " "

" Ten " " " ■» 2.50 " "

Any number above Ten will be sent at the rate of Fiftv Cents each.

Names may be sent at any time during the year, and w'henever a club is reached, we will credit
I).ick the amount previously sent us in excess of the (Mub Rates. In this way anv of the

Articles Mentioned on our PRICE LIST may be Secured as PREMIUMS.

Please mention when names are intended for Clubs. An acknowledirmcnt will be scut in all cases
ini receipt ot money -for any purjiose wliatever-bv return mail. Vohunes I, & II, mav be counted on
the sann3 terms, as we hav(! a

Large Supply of BACK LUMBERS Provided for new Beginners !

As we canridt tak
■ontains Itie eiitin

over the same groiui<l again, and Volume One

the sjiace in fiilnre numbers
Fninlameulul I'riiiciples and

Or how to Realize the Most Money with the Smallest Expenditure of Capital
and Labor in the Care of Bees, Rationally Considered.

]P1JB1L.IHII]EI> M:OT»fTriIL.Y, AT~3SEOIT»f A, OHIO, ~

B"X" .A.. I. I^OOT & CO.

ir^i® 111

Apt^il^ 3C8fS®

In tlie Pi^eparation of this Journal the following are the Principal Periodicals Consulted ,

il.Dffi,^l^i©:aM, B-©© (3r©Ml*ffl.®l® Clarke, and Mrs. Tnppcr.

Mmm W@^l#® A. F. Moon & Co.

Im^mMimm® King.

[Also Bound Volumes of the former since 1860, and Files of all other Bee Jownals tTmt have been

Published in America.']

limp'®! If ©^ WmWMmw^

P®i©mtifi© Mmmmw'kmmm®

O O ]V T

Page.

How I obtained 8567 lbs. from 44 colonies 49

c;ost ot combs by feedinjjr 4!)

Uail way Apiary". 49

1-26 colonies wintered and only one lost 50

Pollen, keeping it over winter 50

The candying of Honey 50

Our own Apiary 50, 54

( 'alifornia Honey 50

Introducing Queens 51

Imiiorted Queens 51, 55

Eggs and Larva- by mail 52

Average time required to get laying Queens.. 52

Straw Mat making 53

A Beginner 'S troubles 53

Harbison's Hive 53

E :iv T S s

Page.

Comb Foundation 53

Meal feeding 54

Reports Encouraging 55

lIumbu2-8 & Swindles 5(;

Artificial Honey 56

Honey Column 56

( 'oml)' honey in frames 56

Heads of (Jrain 57

"Wind breaks for an Apiary 57

"Wax comb guides 57

Pollen from "Wistaria 58

Why they cluster away from their stores 59

Extractors 57

How to work the Standard hive 60

"When and how to Italianize 6(;

M

&^^(®rY

~^j^

AB VER TISBRS' DEPARTMEyT.

Every one seems to have deserted the Hive Manufac-
ture's Department, yet a smart man, assisted by a boy
a dozen years old, can raak^ from 8 to 810.00 per day
lualiinj,- Simplicity hives at $1.00 each, with even a
Windmill buzz saw such as we use. We sent a large
lot to E. W. Hale, Wirt V. H., W. Va., one year ago,
and we have just shipped him 40 more this spring. At
least each state, should aflbrd a hive manufacturer, to
avoid shipping such long distances. You really don't
mean to let us get all the money for making dollar
hives ?

.A.3D^V"EI^TISE]VCEnsrTS.

Advertisements Avill he received at the rate of ten
cents per line, Nonpariel space, each insertion, cash
in advance ; and we require that every Advertiser |
satisfies us of his resi^onsibility and intention to do
all that he agrees, and that his goods are really worth
the price asked for them.

HO^V can the most Honev be jirodnced in the most
convenient and salable form? Answer: By us-
ing onr improved hives and Sectional Honev boxes.
Try them. Address, BARKER & DICER.

4-5 Marshall, Mich.

CI ANAJJA-bred Italian Queens, from pure Q's, ^1
/ F. ALL EN A, Huntingdon. P. Q., Canaila. <jpX.

VEKY Hardv CANADA-BRED Italian Q's. Al
F. ALLEN A, Huntingdon, P. Q., Canada. «$!.

CAlVAMA-bred Italian Queens, post-paid,
F. ALLENA , Huntingdon, P. Q ., Canada.

-BRED Italian Queens, '
For Honey they are t

3UA.c:;ii si.oo.

F. ALLEXA, Huntingdon, P. Q., Canada

BEES Wanted.— For further information address
4-G p SPENCER STRONG, Akron, Ind.

EMPTY COMB.

A fine lot for sale at a moderate price per square
foot. Samjjle pieces showing quality and i)rice sent
to any address upon receipt of stamp.
4tG-d Address J. H. MARTIN, Hartford, N. Y.

I will send, free of postage, on receipt of 75c. a root
ofCSiinesc "Wistaria, a magnificent climbing vine,
grows from 15 to 20 feet in a season. Profuse l)l(>()mer.
Bees work on It from morning until night while in
blossom. Will send none but ffoixl viiiorottx plants.
All should have one or more of these gorgeous bloom-
ing vines. Orders filled in rotation.

Address, J. P. McELRATH,
4 p Asbury, Warren Co., N. J.

A NEW RASPBERRY,

Called TliP SoiitHierM SeetllcMfr. It is perfectly
hardy, stands the cold of Winter and the heat of Sum-
mer better than any other. It is immensely product-
ive. BeiTies very large, red and delicious. The canes
are upright and are perfectly thornless. No garden
ought to be without it. Price of plants, S2 per dozen,
free Ijy mail. Address,

THOMAS J. WARD, J. P.,
4 p St. Mary's, Vigo Co., Ind.

PLAIN, PRACTICAL, AND TO THE POINT.
FULLY UP WITH THE TIMI S

^> >/

;/ ALL

^f^ Be*' "K V V p V r s

who wish to learn
how to nuire than
dosBbBetlsesi

profits from tlieii

hces. sliould p<!nd _'i < ts fir i )'> ol
"MONEY IIV THE AI'lAR-^ ,"*
a little work on piactical Bee-cultuie,
just issued. Runs no patent hive nor
other humbug. Tells TsvBuit to d.o, wEicsb and lio^v
to do it, to insure success. Semi for it isotv, before
1 aving out plans for another season's work.
Address HERBEiiT A. BUljril, South Haven, Mich.

IT-A-IjI.A^3Sr BEES.

Full Stock, $15,00. Tested Queens in May. $4.00 each,,
after June Ist, $5.00 each. Warranted (Jueen in Mav,
$■5.00 each, after June 1st. $2..50 each, or six for 812.00.
Bred from Imporied and Selected Stock. Sent by mail-
Also, Eggs from Light Brahma Fowls, Sl.iiO'perdoz.
Address, T. G. McGAW,
I Monmouth,

Lock Box 64. 4-6 p Warren Co.. Ill-

ARTIFICIAL COMB.

I will furnish sheets, wax comb foundation, 6x12 inch-
es, sixteen for S2.50, per express.

Address. FRED WEISS,
4-7 Care of W. B. Cobb, Box 2389. N. Y. City.

QTTEENS, from Pure, three-banded, Italian Bees.
Cells started from eggs only, in strong Colonies.
No black bees within a mile, and but few within
six miles. Discount on two or more. Warranted, at
$2..50. Tested, S3. C. Go-in.D & Co.,

4-6 Onargo, Iroquois Co., 111.

Tested (Queens from an Im])orted Mother fti.OO each.
Tested (^)ueens from an American Mother ^'3.00 each.
Safe arrivals guarivnteed. Address,

Dk. W. p. MOORE,
4-6 p Richland Station, Sumner Co., Tenn,

^ XjT/ iZyJI Xli«' JBEMT ii» use.

<i^^ \j^ C^^^ Sample l>r uiail 95 ceut8.

^"^^.f^'^p^^ r 1^1: Circular free. Address

i? ' y ^ ^'' 'mi C.C.VAIV IJElTSEar,

VX^-^ li i^!l «jirout Brook, af.Y.

HONEY PLANTS!

"TTTE keep the following seeds of Honey plants
' » for sale : Rape, 35c. per lb., post paid. Rapp,
45c. per lb. Esparcet, 60c., per lb. Linden Seeds 15c.
7)er oz. Send stamp for Pamphlet on their culture,
tfd KRUSCHKE BROS., Berlin, Wis-

FOR one Colony of Italian Bees S15.00; four for
S.50.00. Also tested Italian Queens, Hives and
material for Hives and surplus boxes at very low fig-
ures. Price list free. J. S. WOODBURN,
2tS2 Dickinson, Cumberland Co., Pa.

THIitTEElV years experience in propagating
Italian Bees. Queens will be bred direct frorii
Imported Mothers and warranted pure and fertile.
Send for my circular. Wm. W. CARY,

Itf Colerain, Franklin Co., Mass.

You cannot look over the back No's of Gleanings
or any other Periodical with satisfaction, unless tliey
are in some kind of a Binder. AVho has not sai<l—
"Dear me what a liother — I must liave last
month's Journal and it's no where to l>e found." Put
each No. in the Emerson Binder as soon as it comee
and you can sit down happy,- any time you wish to fiiKl
any ihing you may have previously seen even though
it were months ago.

Binders lor Glk.vnincjs (will hold them for four
years) gilt lettered, free by mail for 50, 60, and 75c, a«-
coi'ding to (piality. For table of prices of Binders lor
anv Periodical, see Oct. No.. Vol. 2. Send in vour
onlers. A. I. ROOT & CO., Medina, O.

IDE"VOTEI5 E3CCL"CrSI"VEIL."Z' TO BEES .AJSTJD HOnSTE^ST
Vol. III.

APRIL, 1, 1875.

No. IV.

ho^v i obtained »5(it l.bs., froiti
44 col,onie:s.

B\ r. W. Ml-FATUIDGE.

I

LanfTstroth hive double story, lower story 18x14)^
~!J anil 10 inches hicrh. upper story 18x16 inches
uml 10 inches hiffh. with 10 frames in each. Ten frames
in upjicr story jrives us the comb after the knife has
been used on it just the right thickness for brood
comb, and every time we extract we put all combs
with brood in them into the lower story.

Last spring May 1st, we had 8(i colonies out of 122
last fall. These were generally in a weak condition,
60 we took 70 of the best and made the4t that gave the
above result. About the 12th of May we moved them
about 17 miles (on a spring wagon made for the pur-
pose that will carry 28 hives at once, it is two stories
high), to a large poplar grove {Liriodendron Talipi-
fera) where they gathered 5308 lbs. of honey which we
took with extractor. About June 20th we moved H'i of
the 44 colonies about 39 miles to a Linden grove [Tilia
Americana) where they gathered 32,")9 lbs. taken out
with the extractor. Queen's wings all clipped, Adair
to contrary. Hurrah for clipped Queens!

The 16 weak colonies left at home we made into .51
nuclei and about the 7th of August we brought the 44
colonies home and built up the .'il nuclei into strong
colonies and fed to the whole number 1408 lbs. of A
(;oflfee sugar made into syrup. One pound of water to
two ])ounds of sugar boiled a few minutes so as to
melt all the crystals of the sugar. We wintered last
winter in a second story 10x19 feet insi(le, double walls
one foot filled with sawdust. We took all the combs
from eight strong colonies the last of August and fed
them a |)art of the above sugar syrup; we weighed the
syrup fed to one of eight. 94,^' lbs. They built ten
combs 16,''8x9J^ inches in the clear. We then took out
of the ten combs with extractor AA}i lbs. leaving SOJsi
lbs. of syrup used in building ten combs which cost in
sugar about §4.00. We extracted the honey from the
44 colonies four times during the time they were away,
twice at Po)ilar grove and twice at Linden grove.

Here is a description of our bee house and bee yard.
The house is 37xl() inside, 8 foot high, double walls 1
foot filled with sawdust. Well ventilated and perfect-
ly dai k, cemented floor. The air starts from the center
of garret then passes over the ceiling each way until it
comes to the walls, thence down between the outer and
inner walls until it enters the room near the bottom.
The south passage comes down between the out-
er and inner doors and comes into the room at the
bottom. The air goes out of the room through a trap
i''>'>r in the ceiling, and can be controlled both inside
:iii 1 out at pleasure.

There is a railway laid in the house lengthwise and
.lu'ither comes into the house from the bee yard at
riirht angles with the one In the house and one foot
\>elow it. We have eight cars 14 feet 4^' inches long
ami wide enough for tlie hives to stan<l back to back
across them and hold 20 hives each. Tlie lower sto-
ries of the hives are a little over one inch ai>art, hives
raised about one inch from the bottom of car and the
back end about I'A inches higher than front. The
bottom and side spaces are jiacked with buckwheat
chafl" to preserve as even a temiierature as possible
when the cars are run out into the yard permanentlj-
In the spring.

The second story just fills the spaces left between
the lower stories so that the covers of the hives come
dose together, and the tip of the laves just brings the
ends of covers together so that putting a board 12
-inches wide along the joint makes it all right to stand
out in the weather. We have a car on the track that
nins from the yard into the house with a track on tlic
top of it, correspondini:' with the one in the house so

that we can run a car with bees, on to this car and
then run it out into the yard. We have oj)i)ositc sM*'
tracks at right angles with it and can run tiic car with
the bees onToffon to the side track and so on till the
eight are all out. We can run them all out in about 2<<
minutes and when necessary run them back again.*
We have had them out twice this winter.

We will have another car to run on same track with
a stone trough 3x5 feet about IM inches deep with
small pebbles on the bottom and a water vessel ar-
rangeil so that water will stanil just the right height
In the trough so that a bee can stand on a uebble an<l
sip without getting its feet wet, and a good chance to
start on the wing.

The bee yard is leveled and graveled about 40x75
feet and is south of bee house. The bees will stand
on the cars until about the 10th of May, when they
will be moved to the honev location.

P. W. McFatkiugk & SON, Carthage, Ind.

It will be seen from the above that this great
result was attained by taking 70 oftIi€ best and
uniting so as to give 44 strong colonies. This
was done about May 1st. We are not told
what was done with the 26 Queens, but pre-
sume they were destroyed.

Now in place of rearing new Queens a month
or a little more later, would it not have been
policy to have kept them in some way ? Per-
haps our friend did so, or may be those 26 were
all poor or too nearly black. It has always
seemed to us a great loss, to kill a good Queen,
at or near swarming time. In regard to feed-
ing sugar to get combs, we have here another
direct experiment to show that combs can be
secured by feeding, at an expense for the sugar
of not over 40c. eacli per comb. Those who are
anxious to build up an Apiary rapidly, can
certainly make it pay to feed, while the bees
are gathering nothing. The plan of locating
the hives permanently on cars, is ingenious,
and may be quite practicably substituted for
securing the same results we were aiming at
in Problems, 17 and 27 ; for instance, our own
Apiary of 66 colonies could all be located on
three cars, and with proper facilities could
easily be run out to their respective summer
localities in less than 10 minutes, or so quick-
ly that not a bee would have time to get out of
its hive and get lost. Such machinery with a
wintering house of capacitj' for three cars
would however, be rather expensive, as in fact
are all of the three plans alluded to, and we
fear that for many years to come, the great

UXSOLVED PROBLEM IN BEE CULTURE wiU be,

how best to give our bees all the advantages of
both out and in-door wintering and at the
same time avoid either lugging the hives about,
or investing in expensive and complicated ma-
(•hinery. Is it quite impossible that we may
all eventually come around to thinking that
we should on an average encounter the least
number of evils, by undertaking to winter only
/y/;// sinoiff colonies, and these on their summer

sa

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

Stands? and in couneclion may we not find
that hives with half inch walls, are jnst as
.i|:ood for ,such stocks as tiuy other V If we find
it policy to use straw niats or chafi" over the
cluster, we certainly sliall not need to pay aii^'.
one for a right for so doing.

126 COL,ONIE!S AVII>f'JrKREI), AND
«NJLV ONE LOST.

OUK FRIEND 150HN STILL AT THE HEAD.

^Tf^R I END NOVICE :— III preparing my bees lor
M winter, last fall, I louncl one stock Queenless,
>^ anil having no surplus l^neen on hand to sujiiJly
me deiiciency, I united them with another slock.
This lelt me iU colonies, which, together vvitli two
light swarms belonging to a neighbor, that he pro-
posed my taking antl wintering lor one of them, were
[>ut in uiy bee liouse Nov. 21st. They remained in it
until Feb. 2ith, wlien they were put on the summer
. stands. 1 louud the entire 126 colonies alive, and with
the exception of four swarms, that are somewhat
weak, in good condition. They had a good fly and
the weather turning cold the next day all Ihe weakest
colonies were put back in the house. They were car-
ried out again March 13tli.

While they were in the house the last time, my
weakest swarm starved, by clustering at one corner of
the hive away from their stores. The rest are all
doing well. Many of the iiives did not have much if
any more tlian a spoonful ol dead bees in tliem when
carried out.

With the exception of two or three of tlie weakest,
tliat have only eggs or larvie, tliey liave brood in all
stages, from eggs to young bees hatching out. Tlie
stock containing my Nunn Queen is one of my best
and is, I think, stronger than it was last lall, wlien
put in winter quarters.

The Queen commenced laying in Jan., and when
taken out, Feb. 24lh, tlie hive contained liuudreds of
young Italians, and more are hatching out daily.
Jiveeuing, while in winter quarters, does not seem lo
have haa any deleterious ellect on the health ol the
bees, as there were very few dead ones in the hive
when put on the summer stand.

The two light stocks belonging to my neighbor being
short of stores, 1 kejjt them lor some lime belore ta-
king them out of the house ou candy. Tliey seemed
to CIO as well ;is tliose having natural stoies.

I put my double width hives in witli tiie rest, and
the bees in them came through in splendid condition.
They were very sirong in tlie fall, and I think the ex-
tra space in tiie hives was an advantage, as the bees
were not as waim as they would have been it all liad
been forced into a common sized liive, as i did one
year ago. Tlie ihermometer in the wintering room
varied irom Bi to 00 '. It reacheu so low as o-i" but
once, and that lor only a short time. It generally
siootl at irom o8 to d2^. During the coldest weather i
closed the lower ventilator lo the room, and some-
limes kept it closed lor a week ai a time.

Notwithstanding we have had but a few days in
v,'hich bees coulu be out, of their liives, mine have
seemed detei mined to iminove the time, as they liave
carried in over a busliel of rye and oat lloui-.

Jamks IJolin, West L,odi, O. March 18lh, 1875.
There ! We shall now have to admit that
friend B's snccess is something more tlian ac-
cidental. Isn't it funny that after all our
ijother aljout cold frames, v>e just begin to
discover tliat young bees can be reared in dark
winter quarters, and have the colony stronger
in numi)ers when they come out than when
they went in.

In regard to brood rearing in-doors, and,
keeping combs of pollen over winter, we have
the following :

For a special purpose 10 or 15 stocks had new emi)ty
combs last fall in which to store their winter supiily—
were fed in season on sugar syrup and arranged for
winter with balance of stocks, were placed in cellar
about 12tli of Nov.— all remained (|uiet imtil about 15tli
Feb. when two of them set uji a /cdr/iil KKiriitf/. About
1st ol March found these two were showing signs of
<lyseniery. We thereupon made a frame 2x2 ft. square,
covering sides with i)aper and tops with mosijuito net.
Then brought u)i a colony and placed hive witli en-
ti'ance corresponding witli one in frame— ami let
them "go it." 'Twas fun to see them lly, showing

how much they ap])reciate Iheir liberty. Temperature
of room -10 to 70-". After a two day's lly, opeiicd them
and found the (Jueen had occupied 20 stpiare inches
with eggs (this being otie of the no iioUen stocks) but
no larviu. Returned them to cellar and now they are
as still as can be. The other stock rcc'd like ireat-
ment and were found in same shape. (jia\e each
stock a frame of pollen (wliich has been kejit in our
bee house since fall, all right) before repkiciiig in
cellar. J. Oatman & Co., Dundee, Ills. Mar. lo, '75.

P. S.— Since writing you— have examined tlie two
stocks— and the one whicli had the cluster of c{j(j»
only, nozr lias one frame, more than one-third lull of
larv:e, some most ready lo seal ; so much lor pollen.

THE CANi>\'IN<i OF HONEIT.

HE following very valuable communica-
tion comes from an esteemed correspon-
dent who is constantly employed in tlie lionej^
trade of one of our large cities.

As for candying of honey, we are still troubled with
it, though not nearly so mucli as we were. If we were
not putting comb and extracted together we would be
all right, as the sealing while hot will prevent the
candying, but when comb is also put in tlie package it
will candy, but will remain all right lully twice as
long as when jnit up cold. My experience is the same
as jours on extracted sealed liot— sealed at 170 or 180
is sufficiently hot. I have some with comb in (1 lb. tum-
blers tin foil tops) since Dec. 26ih, three samples put
up at 140, 150, and 170 degrees; the 140° was candied
hard a moiiih ago, 150° is almost all candieil now, but
the ITiv only shows slight commencement in candying.
In ciiUing ( Duib, say I have one piece that is not can-
died but there has been a little honey run to the bot-
tom of the box and candied theie. 1 put in one tum-
bler, a piece v\ ith ncne of this on it, in another I put a
pitce Willi some of this canuietl honey adheiing lo it,
say twice the size of a pea. 1 seal them both up ex-
actly alike, tlie result is that the one already started
in candying, will be solid before the other shows any
signs oia cliange. I have luljy tested it and lind that
the virtue is in sealing ivhile hot and not in being heat-
ed to a ceitain uegree. I tried an experiment to learn
whether honey would candy sooner in a cold loom
than in one heatfd during the day and cold at night.
1 placed four glasses in a box in the yard, lour in a
room where there was no Are, (temperature most of
the lime about Ireeziug) four in the room where we
work, warm during the day and cold at night and on
Sundays. About the only dillerence I could see was
that what 1 had in our working room did not candy
so evenly as the others- but all candied in about ihe
same lime. 1 don't think these men that know so
much (or rather think they do) about honey candjing.
ever consider that there is a vast dillerence in honej,
even lioney taken Irom one hive in one season, We
have honey Irom "Winchester, (Oliver Brown's) that
was taken late in the season, that is candied solid in
the comb while some honey from the same Apiary
taken two months earlier shows no signs of candying,
the latter. is Irom blue thistle and clover w hile the
candied is Irom a late weed called in Virginia — "Good
bye summer," and by some known as iron-weed.

"On the iilh of Nov. 1 lilied a 3 lb. jar with California
sage, comb and extracted and as yet it shows no signs
ol cantlying.

Our California honey is at present so thick
that a tumbler containing it may be inverted
without even disturl)ing the surface and yet it
is as clear as crystal, and to oiii- taste the most
delicious of all lioney. We have several times
of late been cautioned against praising this
honey as we may thei'eby injure the sale of our
own, to whicli we reply : What would you
think of a merchant who would keep desirable
goods m the background because it was more
profitable to sell others':' Is it "doing unto
others" etc. V Shall we not consider all man-
kind as brothers equally V

OUR OWN APIARY.

ARCIT 5th. lluinilating as it is, we must
^/iLi confess that we have allowed a colony
I to starve. They were in the l)ee house— were

1875.

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

ji;;!it when put in, and we i)rotMise(1 to watch
them — have watched them, and we oven went
in witli a couple of lieavy seak'd combs about
the middle ofhist month, to make tliem sure,
but on turninir up tlie (juilt tiiey lool^ed so
(juiet, with pleniy of scaled lioiiey near them,
that we hesitated to disturl) thi'ui, and set
down our combs and went out, tliiniviujj: tley
would "iro' until time to take them out. T> -
day we find all the honey u:one and the be(s
dead. The lamp nursery revived some of
them partially, but it was too late. Now here
is a ([ueer feature ; this was a fair colony and
the bees were in splendid condition, but the
dust that tjuinby mentions on the bottom
board was almost entirely missini^. Althouifh
they had been housed nearly 4 months, the
bottom board contained scarcely a tea-spoonful
of accumulations of matter of any kind. We
confess now, that we are inclined to think that
bees in the most perfect IwdWi. void nothini; in
the winter at all. We might feel inclined to
blame friend Bolin, for the above loss, because
he advises not to disturb them, but we i^ness
we won't, for it would be better to ler, the one
(lie, than to injure all the rest by disturbin.ii'
them while we were giving this one a comb of
honey that might (lultc as well have been put
in last fall.

Mdvch \Wi — The weather ])eing very warm,
we liave to-daj' set our bees on their summer
stands. With the exception of one more that
had starred they are all in excellent condition.
lu fact we ai'e sure we never before owned
so many bees in the middle of March as we do
now, and thanks to the Imported Queen t7tei/
are all ydlow ones. She has been worth alreadv
at least .flOO.OO. The bees were all put in the
house Nov. 3rd, (see page 13(5, Vol. 2.) "as dry
as a chip," and tliej' all came out to-day, as
dry as a chip. Guess we"ll hold on until May,
before we tell you just how to winter bees, but
we feel sure it won't be under glass.

March 15th — We have had some severe cold
weather, but the bees that were in the bee
house, and those that were out all winter, are
all in excellent trim, while all but two, in the
forcing house are dead. Keeping a fire might
have enabled them to hold out a little longer,
but as they had buzzed against the glass, until
only mere handfuls were left, what is the use of
going further. Colonies no stronger, that
were wintered in the bee house are now in
beautiful order and none of them show any
disposition to leave their hives in unseasona-
!)le weather, while the poor inmates of the
r>rcing house latter!}', have hied out never
to return, at every glimps of sunshine. 'Tis
true only one of them was really fair, (the
Quinby liive) and to save them, we have left the
sauth side permanently open. Haven't v/e got
a nice place to feed meal — plenty of sunshine
and no wind. If we allow the bees to "get
out" it may do to /.eep them in after all.

March 24<A— Very cold and wintry, (even
below zero) yet we have lost but one colony,
and they had the dysentery. Exannnation
showed that their stores were all unsealed.
This was evidently some bad management in
the fall, yet we hardly know how. Inmates of
the forcing house are now all gone except those
of the Quinby hive, and they are "beautifully j
small." ' I

J^^?Y7i 2r)r/<— Standard hive has bees in all
stages and young Italians Just hatdied. One
special colony that was built up last fall en-
tirely on sugar syrup, with the Universal feed-
er, seems to-day precisely as good as they wire
in Oct., last; they were wintered in bcehousi.

— ^». •«•.«»_ —

\ AKIO«')S MATTERS.

ijv (;. y\. i)0(ji,rrTMi.

/jp|\UR. beos were coufincil the j)a:<t winter, Irom
yl Jl) November Kith to Ffbni.iry 2'5<1, (\vhi(;li was tli ;
^'s^ lonarcsl we ever knew them to be since we win-
tered on the summer stiml.) y(!t they did not sutrjr,
ex(!ept four or live in which "tlie quilt got wet trom
8omo cause, so as to 1)(! frozen Boliil like i(;e. Tlies(!
spottfid their frames ami coml)S some. We fountl more
brood in tlie hives this season tlian we ever knew l)e-
t'ore .so early. Some liivcs had to tlie amount oT 'iOt
s(iuare inches in all st.ap:es. with jilenty ol young liees,
and there was not a hive (Feb. i.id) tiiat did not liave
some in. We tound two Queenless ami unite<t tlieni
with others, .so we have at present !)S. Wo must tell
the readers of Glkanin'GS how we liave introduced
our Queens for the past two years, without a siiif-'lo
loss. Make a cage as descrilie'd by Novice in tlie A. li.
J. for caging Queen cells, namely": take a ])iece of line
wire cloth about three inches s<iuare and cut out each
corner in a square form % of an inch, tlien bend up
the four sides and unravel the sicles down half way
and your cage is ready. Remove the original queen
from the stock you wish to give a new one, then place
the ()ueen to beintroduced on a comb in the center of
the cluster where there is honey seated or luisealed
and put tlie cage over her, pressing tlie points into the
coml) as far as they are unraveled, do not imt a
cage on the other side, as he recommended in A. B. J.,
but take your knife and worm it tlirough the comb in-
to the ceiiter of the cage, and the work is done. la
removing your knife tje careful not to remove the wax
or honey. The bees by licking up the honey and re-
moving the wax tiecome accpiainted with the Queen
and there is no harm done if you do not remove the
caare in a month.

Now Gle.\nings we want a little light about those
imiiorted Queens that Novice tells us about in the
March No. We sent Novice, as you will remember in
July for esrgs from his imported ijuecn from which wo
got two line cells. Well, one Queen got lost from
some hook or crook but the other we have at present.
Now were those eggs from the imported Queen ? The
(^ueen we raised from them has but very little yellow
on her and three-fourtlis of her workers are as black
as soot. The first Italian Queen we ever saw was in-
troduced some time in July and did not raise a drone
that season, neither was there an Italian drone within
li miles of her yet every one of her daughters were
duplicates of herself anil never jn-oduced a black bee.
Tliere were hundreds of Queens I'aised from her du-
ring 3 years yet none of them ever produced a black
l)ee. Also, see Gleanings for Nov., page 133. Work-
ers )iroduced by the Queens referred to above, are as
good honey gatherers as any we could wish. Why
lioes a certain Queen breeder tell us in the A. B. J.
that Queens from a pure mother mating with a black
drone will produce a part Italian and a part black
Avorkers!'' In conclusion .we would say as we did in
the A. B. J. in 1871, "Black bees are liot Italian and
coal is not chalk but huml)ugs are plentiful in some
loc-.alities and so with impure Italians." Please ask
Novice if he considers tlie (Jueens we h-ive been breed-
ing from as goo'i enough to raise St. 00 Queens from.

15orodino, N. Y. March 8th, It-TS.

[All the eggs sent out last season were assuredly
from our Imported Queen, and we cm give no ex-
planation of the matter unless your l)ei's cheated you
with a larva' i)rocurcd elsewliore. That they some-
times do this we have ample iiroo.f Dollar "Queens
are to be reared from tlie best stock wc can get, and
lie who gives l)ei-t Queens for the "dollar" will proba-
bly get most orders. UV iirefer an Imported Queen,
if they are all like the one we i)ur<-hascd last season,
llio one we have now. We shall have a IJueen from
Uadant soon, and stiall then l)c able to give further
testinionv. As friend L).. urgc^ntly invites bee-keepers
to iiay him a visit and select their own bees, it seems
tiiat be has lull conliilencc in imported stock. Probably
M (^)ueens were reared from our importeil, last season,
but wc have not as ye'^ seem a black worker among
their jirogeny, altliough some of the young (Queens
arc verv dark. V»'e fear that rrc shall never be satis-
Ijeil with any other, while such are to be had.— Kd.]

32

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

Apr.

ItAISINO CllEIJNS FROM EGGS.

■rt^jfrOVICE: Two jears ago the coming spring, we
1^ sent to you for some comb and eggs, from >vhich
'« * we hoped to raise some Ohio stock, but alter
•vaithig a long time and iiearing nothing Irom either
Xovice or eggs, we sent to T. G. McGaw, Monmouth,
Ills., who lives about •21') miles from us, and in a short
time received a piece of ni(5e new comb containing
iVcsh and good looking eggs. Thinking we had the
ihlngallin our own Jiands then- judging I'rom our
reading— wo inserted in a previousl}- jirejjared nucle-
us and left them to themselves 24 hours, then exam-
ined -when lo and behold! every miserable little egg
had gonc-'Who can tell where to ? We closed that
hive feeling not so sure we had the thing so much in
our own liands, and not to be discouraged by one fail-
ure we sent for more eggs, wliich came i)roniptly to
■•land and were duly inserted, this time putting them
ivitli two different stocks- i)repared in dilVerent man-
ner. Alter waiting 24 iiours, we with trembling limbs
went to our examination and "plague take the little
iTi-itters"— if they hadn't done away ^vith every egg
tgain and "nary" a cell. We therefore wrote Mr. Mc-
<jaw exi>laining state of affairs and re»(uested him to
rteinl us a piece of comb with /«.s/ hatehrd ?((ri'w which
i;anie to hand in a sliort time an<l was inserted as
previously. Knowing liow nnx/owa we were to suc-
ceed in tliis matter you may imagine our feelings on
going to make the examination alter tlie 24 hours had
expired. We tinally mustered courage and looked in-
si(le and^'tiZ/;)/ to say ! there were three or four nice
healthy looking cells begun, the result of which were
nice Queens. Not wishing to jump at conclusions by
imagining we liad found tlie goal— because we had
Bucceedeti in this one trial after failing twice -conclu-
ileci to try again. Upon arrival of combs and larv:e we
immediately inserted as before and again were we
treated to neveral nice Queens, and one of these same
tjueens is now among the very best breeders and lion-
ey gatherers among all our bees.

Our expeiience Ixas satislied us the egg lousiness is h
failure— nut nine out often times larvcv will succeed.
Try it and report.

Our 110 colonies "yellow boys" in cellar are doing
nicely. J. Oatman & Co., Dundee, Kane Co., Ills.

We agree with j-ou cxactl}^ friends O. & Co.,
but yoii can only succeed even with larva; du-
ring; warm weather. Beyond a certain temper-
ature say about 00", they are hopelessly chill-
ed; aijain, very small larvic should be selected,
and such as have been bountifully supplied
with food, especially if they are to be sent long
distances. Remember these little "innocents"
are ordinarily fed a great many times a da}\
We have imagined that where there were but
few small larva', in a fair colony of l)ees of the
proper age, they received a more abundant
supply ol food. Our elibns met with so much i
success last season, that we shall be prepared j
to again send small larva* in a wooden box to
all who may apply, as soon as the weather is i
warm enough. We shall send all from an im- |
ported Queen. We think it will be safest, for \
all to send to some one as near them, I
as may be practicable. !

— ^^^ ♦^^ -^

AVESlAGi: NUITIBIOK OF DAYS RE<(IJI. I

i:sei:i> to get eaving chjeens.

^rj!*i\KAU NON'ICl'; : — Looking over some memoranda
J|l ™ of f'^TI and '72 which wei-e kcjtt for no other pur-
*"!!!' jiosc^ but com cnience at the time, 1 lind the time I
was noted when brood was given to a nn(;leus or |
<Jueen1<'ss colony, also the ilatc when a (>ucen hatched ;
out, and the date whin ^-lie conimcced to lav. Of :« i
Queens Huis noted in 1S71, and k; iioteil in 1S72. or4il [
in all, I get these results. Counting the length of time '
from giving brood to hatclilng of (,)ueen. i

2 hatched in 12 (lavs, it in li; uavs, \

« " " 1:5 "■ 4 " 17 "" ■

15 " " 14 " 2 " lii " [

11 " " If) "
One (Jiieen began to lav in T) davs from being hatched, !
;! In 7 days, T) in S day's, l(i in"'.) days, 12 in 10 days,
7 " U " 4 "i:5 " 1 "l.i " • ,

Counting the total time from date of giving brood to
laying of t^ueen,
i began lo lay in 18 days, 3 in 21 days, 1 in 22 days,

7 in 2:5 days, Ift in 24 days, 5 in 25 days,

4 " 2t! " 5 " 27 " 2 " 28 "

1 " 2!» " 1 " ;W " 1 " 32 "

From the time brood was given till the Queen was
hatched out the average length of time was in 1871, 10
days; in 1872, 14K days; for both years 14 41-4;i ilays.

From the time the Queen was hatched till she began
to lay, the average was in 1871, U 20-3;i days ; in 1872,
!» 13-lf) days ; in both years, i) ;«-4il days.

From the time brood was given till the Queen laid,
the average was in 1871. 24 20-3;i days ; in 1872, 24 5-16
days ; in both years, 24 25-4!) days.

li. LiiNUEUKK, Chicago, Ills. Feb. 23rd, 1875.

Many thanlvs "B. L.," for you have certainly
given us a faithful record of an important
matter, whatever "blunders" yon have made
elsewhere. We liave generally estimated that
where a Queen was liilled by a careless Apia-
rist, or where the bees were from anj' other
cause, compelled to raise a new one from their
brood, the colony would be destitute of eggs
for at least three weeks on an average. If this
loss occurs during April or May, it generally
spoils all hope of either surplus or increase, of
any account, during the season.

Advising to re-Queen all colonies during ap-
ple bloom, as given in "Money in the Apiary"
would, judging from our past experience,
be almost if not quite equivalent to the loss of
a swarm from each colony. Giving the colony
a Queen cell instead of larva; saves about it
days of the 24; giving them a virgin Queen
just hatched, about 14 days out of the '24, aud
we know of no way of shortening the 10 days
remaining, unless it be giving the colonies ev-
ery third day during tliis interval, a comb
containing eggs only, from some other colony.
These eggs can be obtained by putting an emp-
ty comb in the center of a pi'osperous colony
over niglit or may be a little longer. We
should bear in mind that we are always losing,
during the spring months, when we have a
good Queen without bees, or a good colony with-
out a laying Queen, and that many times the
deticiency may be best made up for the time,
by moving eggs, as advised above. Remo-
ving and introducing Queens in the spring, we
have always found hazardous.

A F5 KTIIER l!tIIl»180VEMENT IN
STRAW TIAT ITIAKING.

WM ^- ^^^^'^^ of Le Clair, Iowa, sends us a

1

o neat little model of a machine for making
good mats, rajiidli/. Suppose you lay three pie-
ces of wood say l,'^.x'2 and 8 feet long, on the
floor side by side. For a Laugstroth mat, they
should be alwut ;> inches from each other; to
keep them in ])lace a striji of board is let in to
each end, and this may be arranged so as to
allow^ the distance between tlie bars to be va-
ried at pleasure, where diH'erent sized mats are
to be made. In mortises made in these bars,
six uprights are firmly secured, two in each
l)ar, and their distanee ai)art governs the length
of your mat. \ow if you spread your straw
on these bars, Itetween the ui)rights, it is in a
proper jjosition to sew, but to i)ress it down
flat, comptict, and even, we use three more bars
just like the lirst, and mortised so as to slip
loosely over our uprights or stakes as they
might be termed. Now if tlierc are holes in
these stakes, we can put a pin tlirougii above
the bars, and S(|ueeze the str.-iw down hard and
firm to l>e sewed. We \mI1 let our friend tell
the rest.

1875

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

53

To-ilav mailoil moiiol I'ross or tVaim- lor making
straw nial.s, ovio-lourth workliif; hi/t; which will talk
lor itself. To make the mat in tills i)rt'.sH you simply
iiU in tlic straw uji as hiuh as stakes loosely, and lonj;
oiunigh to trim oil" nieely. Tut on your center rail
lirst, luess them on, then jnit in yoiir keys. If you
want to make solid mats (whicli 1 think hcsd while
luttiiiK in keys, use a wooden mallet, and liammer
liuhtlv on Die rails and also on straw between rails;
it' will c><inali/.e and sfaighten the straw. We now
lasten in saddler's liorse horizontally,— any vice
will do— and get a strai;^'ht sacking needle 4 or 5 inches
3ong and sack or broom twine. !^ew as per sample,
broom stitch. Put twine round slack, slant needle
length ot stitch and merely <lniw sliich u)), and you
-will have a smooth lace, fsiddlcr's stitch leaves it
very limber one way. To trim olV, takt' out keys, slin
. anat back until oiit-side seam comes inside rail and
•cut oil' close to rail. Saddler's round knil'e comes the
handiest to use as it is an implement of my prol'ession
iind a working tool of that department.

This mat makes a gooil division board and side
boards to l^'uinbv hive it made soliil. .Straw set hori-
zontally. T.J. l)()i)i>s, J>e CMairc, Scott Co., Iowa.

want combs that really are ?HOi'^Ze at pleasure.

SEASONABLE SUGGESTIONS.

STS HAVE six stands of black bees and five arc in
j5|| movable frame hives (or meant to be such) and
4sfi they have not built more than one or two combs
strait in the frame, in each hive. What am I to do ?
1 can not take out frames and jjlace them in other
hives the same lUstance apart without paring the
<'omb down and that would damage them would it
not ? Mv frames are placed in the gum 1 7-16 inches
I'rom center to center of each frame, is that the jiroper
<listance;'' Now if you will give me a short lesson on
these first principles, or tell me where lean get the
jiroper instructions I shall be very thankful.

Alfred Cox, White Lick, lud. March 22nd, '75.

Bless j'our lieart friend C, your task is com-
jjaratively an easy one if you have but 6 colo-
nics. If one comb is straight in each hive, you
are fortunate. Now, while but little honey is
in the way, is your best time; get out one
comb first, the one that will come easiest, and
inalve that just as good as it can be; with a
thin knife and some splints, put every coiub
just as it should l)eaud keep it there until the
bees fasten it. Never mind the trouble, for
wlien you once get a set of good combs thej^
will last a life-time. Paring the combs down
will do no especial harm, but we think it a
great mistake to attempt to have the combs
Jixed at exact distances apart. The average
distance should be, it is true, l)o inches or a
little less, but it will do no hurt at all, to give
very thick combs 1,?4 or even 2 inclics, in
some cases, until the bees have cut them down,
as they will do when they use them for brood
j'earing. The use of the Extractor enables us
to bring all combs into nice shape very easily,
it lid above all it enables us to take the honey
<nit of their way instead of allowing them to
bulge out the combs and fill every little cranny
in a way that is very poor economy for both
them and their keeper, besides the bother of
liaving combs like yours friend C., that are
not removal)le. When combs are built across,
cut them out, and fasten them in frames as in
transferring; every time you open a hive, bend
tlie combs into place, and see if you cannot
make them a little better. You will soon have
tliem so that you would laugh at a patent right
man v>ho should tell you you needed a mova-
ble side, or board, or something to take out to
(•liable you to get the lirst comb out. If you
have closed top bars or sides, to keep the combs
at fixed distances, uv even nails or any kind of
j.'i'ojectlons, we should advise clearing all these
out of the way at once, that is if you

iiAieiiiKON'.s iiivi:.

BKAIl N'OVK'K: — I enclose you a cut ol .Ino. S.
Harbison's "California 15ee Hive,"' patented .Jan.
, 4th, ItiJit. The hive has been used in the Kasl-

ern States to some extent. Last Dec. while iit New
Castle, Ta.. we met Mr. Harbison and gained some
very valuable information from him regarding the
honey resources ol Cal.. and his experiences In .\pi-
culture there. Mr. Harbison is very pK■a^■ant and gen-
tlemanly in his manner and his uniiriii;,' jierseverancc
in Apislic pursuits in the face of all dilUcullies lias
well earned for him the title of King of liee-Keepers.
He has been at heavy expense the past season, netirly
S20,000 was used in his business this year, a lar^e por-
tion of which went to the construction of roads
through the rugged mountain country to his Apiaries.
He has over Sf)0,()OU invested in his business, and this
large capital backed by kuowledRc of bee keeping
rarely attained, and an indomitable energy is the se-
cret of Harbison's Buc(;ess. He has combined many
good points in his hive and uses the same hive with
no changes except making the hives tall enough to
hold three tiers of sectional honey boxes and lor his
own Apiaries dispenses with the glass and places
these boxes on, so the combs built on the sections are
parallel with the Inuncs of the brood apartment be-
neath them, and when the first set is partly fiUe.l he
raises them and puts empty ones under them. There
is space enough to allow bees to pass up between the
open ends of the sectional boxes and the sides of the
hive. This being the only means of access, the iiueen
scarcely ever ascends to deposit eggs in ihe supers.
The Harbison hive is made of 1 inch lumber, is lo'u
inches square (outside raeasin-e) at the base, anil stands
29 inches high. The back of the hive is a door, liing-
ed at one side. The top is also hinged and swings
lorward. When top and back are opened, and sur|)lus
boxes removed, the frames can be removed by turning
them backward, allowing them to turn on the back
lower corner, which is a tenon fitting a mortice in a
sill, or cross stick. The upper front projection, or
resting point of the frame, is a nail which projects h
of an inch, and fits in groove in front board p^ of an
inch. Lower down, near the bottom of the frame an-
other nail projects o-S of an inch and these three, are
the only bearings of the frame. The hive takes nine
of these frames and contains about 2200 cubic inches
frame capacity. The frame has no bottom bar, but
one about half way up takes its place. Thus the bees
reach the combs on entering the hive without having
to come in contact with a bottom bar. Mr. llarlnsou
has not only had the dillicullies of establishing his
Apiaries to contend with, but the Eastern markets
were considerably spoiled bv untrue statements and
false ideas regarding the extent of the Calilornia
honey crop for the past season. The crop was un-
doubtedly a large one, but numerous articles lar over-
stated Mr. Harbison's own crop, while Commission
houses were writing Last giving quotations for
car loads, expecting to purchase Horn him to fill or-
ders. Mr. Harbison protests against this banking on
his capital. jl>. Lyons BiiowNK,

March 24, '75. Indianapolis, Ind.

As the Harbison Hive embodies nothing that
would, in our opinion, render it particularly
superior to many other hives, we have decided
not to give cuts of it. Very likely Mr. II.
having been long accustomed to it, finds it
easier to use than any other, but our friends
who have been accustomed to the simple Lang-
stroth hives, would prol)ably think his compli-
cated. One of the IIai'))isou hives has been
used by a neighbor of ours for many years, but
he, although a successful honey raiser, much
prefers the L. That the hive makes really but
little diflereuce, may be gathered from the fact
that our three great Apiarists, who handle
over 1000 colonies each, all use a diflerent hive ;
Harbison, his own, Hetherington an 8 frame
modified Quin])y hive, and Grimm, an 8 frame
Langstroth hive. As we have said before, if
you have many hives of one particular kind,
and they are movable comb, very likely, you had
better continue to use them, unless they are
too badly "patented."

54

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

Apk.

Gleanings in Bee Culture,

Publislied MontUly,

^A-. I- IIOOT <5c CO.,

EDITORS AND PROPRIETORS

MEDINA, OHIO.

Treriils : TSc I*er Annxim.

[Including Postage.]
For Clvh Bates see Last Page,

Dear fellow iskekeepeks :— AUhongh well
aware that von have subscribed for a journal devoted
exclusively to bees and honey and that I really have
no right, to occupy this space With another subject,
under the circumstances, yet I hope you will excuse
me for suggesting that none of yon truly enjoy bee-
culture in its highest sense. Until you feel with every
breath, that these wonderlul insects are like ourselves,
are the work of that Great Being who rules over all
things : that they are only for a time entrusted to our
keeping, and how very wrong it is for us to get angry
at the little teliows, should they not always under-
stand our kind intentions; how very wrong it is for
us to feel an interest in them onlv so far as thev can
be turned to purposes of gain ? C'an you not feel that
He who created us all, feels an interest in us still, and
that when he placed us at the head of all creation, he
did not intend we should stumble through life the
helpless victims, of anger, jealousy and a host of vile
passions ? Can voii not believe that He is ever near
us, ever rea<ly "to lent! a heliJing hand, always wil-
ling to give us strength to triumph over our weak-
nesses, and to be true men and women deserving of
the great trust He has placed in us. Do you ever
get angry with your bees kintl reader? do you ever
get "Ijlue,"' low spirited, and despondent ? do you ev-
er grumble at the weather? <io you ever get cross to
father ami mother, brother or sister, because things
in the Apiary don't go right ? And ye fathers and
mothers, do you ever throw a cloud over ihose juve-
nile faces because some sellish )troject of your own
goes awry? It is very likely that you of yourself
alone will never succeed, in trying to preserve sereni-
ty peace and contentment, uniler all these trials, but
an earnest appeal to that Great Author of the Uni-
.verse, made in perfect sincerity, and submissive-
ness, will assuredly be answered, and it will be all
made easy. I do not know to whom I am talking,
only that it is to some fellow being whom I would
gladly take by the hand, and assist in any way towiird
making his liie better and happier, out of gratitude to
that One, who has lately given me a new life.

_ ^ _ A. I, lioot.

A. B. J., and Magazine were on hand in good time,
but Wmlil not until the '2<;th; Magazine for April is on
our table now,

Mp;i)LEr is under way, but will require some days
yet betore they are ready to mail. Kemember patience
is a -we forget the rest.

n.vKNL'M & PEtTON, TOdgeficld Junction, Tenn., of-
fer Langstroth frames of worker comb at 40c. each,
drone comb, at 30c; less by the (juantity.

Even if we don't always say so, we feel grateful to
l.hose who send us local papers containing articles on
Dee-Culture. One from th(^ pen of 1). Lyons I'.rowne,
in the Indiana F'armer of March 'JOIh, richly deserves
being widely copied^

To get 1000 honey labels for 3,00 you must positivcijj
r.rder 1000 without any change of tyj>e and tlic same
bf the 2.50 and 500 rates. For instance, lOOO ordered
to be printed from four diflerent sources of honey
;ir)0 each kind, l,7r) each) will cost 7,00 instead of ;;,0<l.

is view of new postal rates we recommend that 10c.
extra be remitted when 8^1,00 (luecns are to be sent by

mail. Owing to press of other duties we shall proba-
bly not be able to rear rjueens this season. Will
those whose names appear.in the 1,00 list, please men-
tion whether or not they use an Imported mother,
that we may mark them as such.

We take pleasure in calling attention to "Money tn
the Ajiiary" which we advertise again with the un-
derstanding that Mr. Burch will return the money to
any one that may be dissatisfied with the pamphlet.
We also cheerfully make the same proposition in re-
gard to Gleanings. At the expiration of the year if
you feel that you have not had a full equivalent for
your money, write us as much, and we will cheerfully
return the 75c. We hereby withdraw our criticism,
for according to Mr. B's proposition you can all have
the privilege of examining the book before purchasing
—just as you would In fact If you saw It at your book
stores, so there will be no necessity for us to argue In
regard to its merits or demerits. Mr. B. names the
following quite reasonable conditions that you are to
observe.

Everj' one of yonr readers shall name Gleanings in
connection with the order for "Money in the Apiary."

2nd If dissatisfied with it, they must return It tin-
soiled within one week from date of its receliit, to-
gether with reasons of dissatisfaction, enclosing a
three cent stamp lor postage on return of money.

Another change has been made in the Postal law,
requiring lOc, per lb. Instead of 08. Our prices on
many articles have been so close as to render a com-
plete new price-list necessary which we enclose In
this >fo., and we shall have to insist that yoa throw
the old ones away and order from the new one entire-
ly. On all the honey labels especially, we are obligetl
to require 25c. per thousand additional, when they are
to be sent by mail. Please bear this in mind in order
to prevent delays and troublesome correspondence.
We will be responsible for all changes ice make in
prices, but we cannot be for those made by the Gov-
ernment in regard to jiostage.

We have procm-ed from Mr. Fred. Weiss a box of
his comb foundations and find them beautifully accu-
rate, and perfectly flat. At about the same time we
received a sauiple feeder from our friend Van Deusen,
which by the way for ingenuity and simplicity, is
enough to make any Yankee smile audibly. Well .al-
though the niglits were frosty, we determined on ma-
king a practical test of both, before going to press,
and accordingly titled a sheet of the wax foundation
Into a frame, placed it in the center of the cluster of
a strong colony, placed the novel feeder, full of syrup
over the frame, and then packed clothing over the
whole, so as to nearly till the upper story. After for-
ty eight hours, we found the feeder empty and beau-
tiful cells raised nearly full length from the wax
sheet. Mr. W. uses enough wax in the sheet to near-
ly if not ((uite, make the entire comb. The advantage
Is, that we got perfect, strait, tvorker comb, perhaps
more accurate than bees themselves ever build.

The disadvantages are, that it is quite a task to fas-
ten the sheets in nicely, and they cost about as much
as ordinary combs can be bought for. frames and all.
Mr.V's feeder, we think simplest of all atmospheric
feeders.

^ I ■ I 11

"Did— Toii— EVER !" Novice had said for perhaps
the twentieth time as he and Mrs. N., and Blue Eyes,
were watching the bees in the forcing house, which
has had the south side removed, as we have explained,
so that the bees from the whole apiary had free ac-
cess to a barrel of rye and oat meal, that had been
sj»rcad out in shallow boxes. In the tirst place we
have more bees than ever before, and they were train-
ed to go out and in readily, by letting them worR on
combb of honey until they began to get somewha

1875

GLTEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

^S

vinarrolpome, then the combs were removed. an<l the
Tneiil ))ile(l up in temiitinK Jieaiis in the snn, hut per-
"Seotlv proteeted from everv hreath of wind l>y the
plass. Tlicy fairly roll and tumble In it In their joy,
and tlielrroar "of happy Industry soun<is lil;e. an
immense water fall. "'Just see the crazv little fellows."
•says Mrs. N., as she hohis \ip a handful ofmeal, whlcli
i<" instantly surrounded by the eager buzzinjr and
lannlns multit\u'le, and as s"he In-comes interested in
Ptudvinp the wonderful skill with which they moisten
the meal with their tonirues and then pacli it in their
tpieer ilttle pockets, she forjrets that bees ever do
stinjr, and where is the wonder; there is certainly
nothinp about the insects that hover about our headH
5ind ears now, that would suggest malice toward any
living thing.

At this juncture Novice suddenly remembers that it
is the SOtli day of March, the paper is not vet mailed,
accordingly his first move Is to give Blue Sye''s hea(i a
liuge liump against the top of the low door way, and
iust now her mouth is puckering, in the attempt to
"keep back the tears that will well up in spite of his
npologies, and exhortations to be a "brave girl." The
1)ees bu7.7, against the glass to some extent, but wc
Iru8t will not when they become more accustomed to
it. Wheat flour they use to some extent, hut as we
mentioned last year, nothing seems to please them so
well as the rve and oats.

Eveirinn-— "Rut vou ought to just take a peep with ua
into onr hives. Brood is started like June, and solid
matches of cells are seen, filled with the meal pollen.
Only 53 colonies now ; 11 lost in the "glass" experiments,
2 starved, 1 got tlysenterry and "friz," and one sold.

SUNDRY MATTERS.

The second semi-annual session of the Michigan
Kee-Keeper's Association, will be held in Kalamazoo,
Mich.. Mav 6th, 1875.

Hekbeut a. Buuch, Sec'y. South Haven, Mich.

Kcyes & Finn \vrite as follows: Enclosed find Si. 00
to continue our advertisement in \\>r\\ No., as we wish
to know whether our hive will stand the fire of criti-
cism or not. If it is a humbug, the sooner it is found
out, the better for all parties. It has carried us safely
through two winters, and all is safe this winter, thus
far (Marcli 3d) with ourfiS stands.

I receivpfl an imported cpiecn from Mr. Dadant,
that lived two years and was one of the most prolific
ttueens I have ever had. She was then killed by acci-
•clent. I have received queens from Chas. Dadant at
fliree different times and they have always been sat-
isfactory-, not as tame as sonie bees I have seen, but
excellent workers and very (|uiet on the combs. You
way think ni'^ an especial "iViend of Mr. I)., but I do
Biot know the man personally and he does not know
tliat I am over pleased with the queens I have receiv-
<d of him. I have an imported mieen at present, of a
^lark leatlier color, from whicli I expect much. Her
workers arc well marked, broad band, but not as
light as nianv like. Your friend, a lover of the bees.
A. T. Williams, Deer plain, Calhoun Co., Ills.

*nS! BEGAN the season of 1874 with five stocks, in-
Jt|I creased to fourteen, from which I have sold 300
~s ])ounds of box houey, at an average of 22 cents
l>er pound.

VV. S. Wake, Fuller's Station, N. Y., Mar. 3d, 1875.

I commenced in the spring with 18 stocks, winter-
ed out doois in Quinby hive; bees in just ordinary
condition. Commenced feeding, to stimulate breed-
lug, about the middle of April, and also took out all
the combs not occupied. In doing this, I did away
with a good deal of unnecessary room to be kept
warm. I found that by this treatment they increas-
cil much faster than ever before.

Increased my stock to 20 by dividing. Bulk of
box honev was secured from the mi<ldle of June to
the last of -July. The 10th of August I took the last
of my boxes off and extracted all the honey from
iirood combs. Hives -were well filled for winter from
fall flowers. I am wintering 34 stocks; have increas-
ed 5 bv nurrhasc,

whole amount of box Honey 1,111 lbs.

" extracted lioney 712 "

Total 1.823 "

I consider the iibove a fair yield, as tliey received
but little attention after sjiring opened, besides I use

the great heavy, bungling. comi>Hcated, Quinby
frame and hive. We like tliat kinil of bungling lihx',
here in York State, in spite of what was saiil at the
N. A. Bee Keeper's Convention. " By their /rwifs yc
shall know them."

A. H. Hoot, Palmyra, N. Y., March t-th, is:5.

Will bee-keeping T)ay in Northern Indiana? A re-
port of 3(i stamls of bees kept by the writer 1?^ miles
south of the town of Akron, Fulton Co., Intliana.

3(i Stands, vaUuMWCSfi.dO each filHO.oo

43 Bee HivesW*l.CO each 12!i.0O

Estimate o f time 25.00

Total »i4.(;0

S334.00 forms the principal invested in money and
work ; now for the interest on the same.

Box Honey 84S lbs.((x2Cc. per lb SlWufH)

Extracted .327 Ibs.fnslfic. per lb .52.32

Increaee, 7 standsru $5.a) each 35.00

Bees Wax, 31 lbs.C'?i25c. per lb 7.75

Total interest UMM)

S264.0O is the interest which is a fraction over t-0 i)ev
cent clear of all expenses. I have 8 stands of pure
Italians, and a number of hvbrids. I hatl my t^ieens
ship)>ed from Wisconsin. Massachusets, and Medina
Co., Ohio. I use a modified Langstroth hive, with 8
frames, dimensions of hive inside 12xlfi and 12K inch-
es deep. I work at the carpenters trade In summer
and my wife and children attend to the l)ees and farm
of 80 acres. Adkaiiam Pontius, Akron, Fulton Co., 111.

OUR MEDLEY.

»|]HE following came to hand after the Sup-
^ plement was printed.

Edmund Estey, Cardiff, Onon. Co., N. Y.,
sends us the following printed in large capitals.
I have a notion to see my nose in with the rest, so I
will send along a picture. I don't know where you
will i)lace me, but put me where you please so I am
with the bee men. You will see by the marks I make
that I have never been able to blow my horn, although
I think I can do as much with bees, as any with the
same experience. I have kept bees since 1840. Got
hold of my first Bee Journal three years ago, couldn't
read, justbarely knew my letters. My mother died
when I was small, and I had to come up on foot, alone,
across lots and with a hand-sled loaded ; so there was
little room for education. I got my learning from
Langstroth Quinby and King; I have taken three Bee
Journals for the last three years and can now read
them myself. I have a hive of ray own getting up,
frames 12x12 inside. Use division" board— one frame
or twelve — use same liive for raising queens. I have
made nine swarms from one, in one year. As Bee-
keepers are all friends to each other here, I hope we
shall meet at the great Bee-keepers' Convention
where we shall part no more.

Geo. F. Foote, M. D., Stamford, Conn., sends
the following kind invitation. For this and
many others of the same kind, we can only
returnthanks and assure you that the kindness
is fully appreciated, but that if we take good
care of our bees, and Gleanings too, our visits
will have to be limited to those of only a few
hours, among near neighbors.

Should you and Mrs Novice come east the coming
season, Mrs. Foote and five nearly grown up "Feet"
will be most happy to have 5'oti tvith that juvenile of
cmirse, as guests. We can feast you, swim you, fish
you, drive j'ou, boat you and show you our apiary
which though yet small, you will find secundum artem.
Inclose<l find my "phiz", taken some six or eight
years ago. I am better looking now. I would like to
see you.

A man who can't get a dollar's worth out of the

"Windmill Print" can't read, and should have his

perception brightened bv a i)air of leather spectacles.

Geo. F. i'oote M. I). Stamford, Conn.

A. I. Root, Dear Sir ;— Just behold !
J. W. D. Camp, Camden, Ohio,
the student In Bee-Culture, and tell me If I look
like I could learn to succeed.

We .see nothing to hinder, ft"iend C.,but then
you know "we cannot always tell how far a
frog can jump, by his looks."
M. H. Tweed, Pittsburg, Pa. Page 124, Vol. 2.

56

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

Apr.

I'ertalniiig: to Uee Culture.

[We respectfuUv solicit the aid of o\ir friends in
conducting this flepartmcnt. and wnnld consider it
a favor to liave them seu<l us all circulars that have
a deceptive appearance. Tlie greatest care will be at
all times maintained to prevent injustice being done
any one.] ■ '

Wm C. HAZARD, & CO., whose circular we
tlLJJo, mentioned last month, send us a marked
co;)y of the Grocery and Provision Revieic, call-
inir our attention to the fact, , that they ask
twelDe_ dollars per doz. for their California honey
in quart jnrs, which would look as if it might
be pure, but are we to understand that is all
the pifre honey they deal in V Right over the
leaf we sec the same quotations of Extracted
honey at $4.50 as mentioned last month. If
they know this latter to l)e something else
than honey, are they not swindlers, in this
respect at least? Yet on another page of
above Monthly is the following notice with a
blue pencil mark around it.

The Mouse oi Messrs. E. C. Hazard & Co. is known
to sell only the very best quality of goods that can be
obtained, and if goods fail to "come up to the sample
shown to its bi^yer, the firm justly refuse ,to purchase
the article, being too sensitive to anything that will
reflect upon the character of its trade.

Now if such is the case, we demand an hon-
est statement of what the article is that they
are offering at |4.5() per doz. qts., and adverti-
sing as inire choice honey. The saine goods are
being advertised quite extensively by other
firms in N. Y., and' unless they label it just
wliat it is, we propose giving a list of all their
names.

Circulars of a number of patent hives
that are clearly frauds, are sent us but we
hardly think it worth while to enumerate them,
at present, but you can set it down that any
circular claiming that "all prominent bee-keep-
ers" recommend this or that hive "above all
others," is a swindle.

Attempts are frequer.tlj^ made to bring in
Quinby's name and others, an.d in one we see a
U'.stimonial from Jf. Quiiiley.

All receipts fdr making pure honey that can-
not be told from that made by the bees, etc.,
are swindles every time. AVe clip the following
' from a circular by N. H. AVhite, 441 Broad St.,
Newark, N. J.

Disappointmont of bee-raisers is proverbial. It is
said to be as dillicult to manage a few hives of bees as
it is to take projicr charge of a cotton-mill. Jlence
the great scarcity ol' iioisEv, and hence the grcatvalue
of our recipe for making the beautiful Qkystal Hon-
Kv, which we are herein uravving your special atten-
tii)n to.

Our already stated elaborate researches have abro-
gated the necessity of bee process in the prei)aration
of this nectissary and deli(;ious lijc-prcticrvcr. This re-
cipe, therefoi'e, is the sublime mode of i)roducing
honey in every respect as cjuod as that made by bees
without any of the risks or other disadvantages con-
Kcquont ui)bn depending on the hive method alone for
the needfut supiily.

Ogdcnsburg, Wis. Feb'y 22d, 1873.

N. H. WiiiTi;, Dear .Sir r—^Our Honey receijjt is at
hand, I have tested it and found it to be as good as
recommended. It sells very well here at fair prices
and is preferred by many to the genuine r>ee Honev.

M. (!. (>i;iJii!V.

How talented, frank, and how cheerful.
"Cotton Mills" forsooth. Bees — al)rogatcd.

Like "Flick" of the "Aml)rosial," he uses
"Slippery Elm" (to make the honey) and he

likewise charges $3.00 for the Stitp-/(f-endous

receipt.

It pains us to receive more and more com-
I)laint,-> of Adair. Is it not possible that some
friend of his can induce him to pay up these
small items and to l)e a man once more. After
all his pleasant writings in our Journals, it
seems hard to think of him as a swindler.

M^pif :b^ co;i^ic^Mif®

®

I have about 300 lt)s. comb honey in Langstroth
frames, taken out in Nov., good for table use, or good
for feeding; price 35c per lij.— combs good. Al.'-o 30U
lbs. Basswood extracted honey, price 15c; 700 lbs. clo-
ver, price 18c. per lb.

T. Pierson, Ghent,'8ummit Co.. O. March 28, '75.

C. R. Isham, Peoria, Wyoming Co., N. Y.,
sends us an exceedingly neat and pretty honey
box, and we have also on our table a sample of
Barker & Dicer's, Sectional honey boxes, put
together like the Crandall building blocks;
both are neat and would probably enable the
dealer to retail the honey at high prices on ac-
count of their attractiveness, (see advertise-
ment of the latter) yet we cannot help feeling
that paying for these fancy boxes by the pound
is a great tax on the consumer. It may be
said that is none of our business, that if people
ioill persist in paying 50c. per lb. or more, tbr
honey because it "looks nice," it is their own
business, and not ours, even if the fancy box
lor which they have paid so much, is of no use
to them at all after the honey is u.«ed out of jt.
In discussing the merits of the two systems of
surplus with Adam Grimm, some time ago, he
replied in answer to our remark about the ex-
pense of boxes for a ton of honey, that they
cost him 7iolhing; in fact he sold them at a good
iirofit, as he received the same price per lb. for
them as he did for the honey.

Of late years, is it not a fact, that people are
being driven to purchasing only the necessa-
ries of life, and will' they not soon, begin to
see, that what is wanted, is onlj^ good honey,
and not useless packages ? As the consumers
are really fellow beings also, shall w^e not en-
courage them in wholesome economy 'i In our
own town, people have changed so much of
late, that many, now say thej' would prefer a
o lb. fruit jar of good extracted honey to one
containing comb, even at the same price, and
in regard to the fruit jar, every customer now
prefers them liecause they are useful in every
household.

Now our friend Pierson mentioned above,
says he can get nice comb lioney built in Lang-
stroth frames in the upper story, while he is
steailily using the extractor on the combs of
the lower story, and we presume you will all
agree with him when he says that he gets more
honey in the frames than he could in any kind
of boxes. The point is, just cut the comb hon-
ey out of these frames, pack it tastefully in the
fruit jars, and pour in nice ext'd honey, heat-
ed as hot as it can be without melting the
coml)s, seal it up instantly, • and you are at
no bother and expense for boxes etc., that are
of no use either to you, or your neighbor the
cousumer, and you have a clean nice package
that is good for years. Of cour.-;e you will al-
ways furnish the liquid honey without the comb
lo those who prefer it. We sell a 3 lb. Mason
jar with the comb, for iiU.OO, without for 75c.

1S75.

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

57

FROM DIFFERENT FIELDS.

•<j]i ^ESSKS. A. I. HOOT & CO.: -i have lost no bees
fv/tf lor two yearn. Winter thcni on Hummer stands,
4>/>^ in Ajtiafv which is cndosetl on all sides with
I'ence six feet high, the boards placed close together
TO nioditv the air within by keeping out the cold winds.
Tliis I'ence is eertainlv a great protection lYom the
cold. The place thus I'enced is about lOO I'eet scpiare
which lor convenience we denominate "The Apiary."
There is plenty ol' room in it lor 100 colonies (or
more) ot bees, llave set out dwarl" pear trees, grape
vines, besides several varieties of choice or select
imall I'ruits, for sha<le and comfort, to say nothing of
the rich fruit prospect a few years hence.

Have '20colonies of bees, '2 Italian, the others natives,
all strong in bees and honey. My bees made me about
JO lbs. nice box honey as a surplus per colony last year,
would have obtained more if I had furnished boxes at
.ill times in time for their wants. I am satisfied of
this, that there is nothing more important in success-
ful bee culture, than to have plenty of good hives,
frames and boxes on hand during the entire working
reason with bees.

My bees are all in the Langstroth hives of the Sim-
plicity ])ersuasion. I have a circular saw for making
iiives, frames, boxes, etc., it is driven by hoi-se power,
cost me about SSO.OO, besides my work in fixing up. It
is just the thing for the hive business. You can see
friend Novice tnat I have attem]>ted to carry out your
valuable suggestions in Gleanings, for which you
have my thanks and kind wishes.

Heavens benedictions, and blessings ujion you and

vours and your readers of Gleanings in Bee Culture.

C. Lakkins, Braggville, Lyon Co., Ky.

"We should prefer a fence 8 feet high if possi-
ole, but it must be very securelj' supported, or
the wind will tip it at an ungainly angle. Put
the boards close together, and then cover the
cracks with lath. If the fence has been already
jnade 6 feet, a board or two may be put along
the top, leaving the lath battens to reach up
across them in a way ro give an appearance on
the front of fancy paneling, without much ex-
]>ense or skill being needed. If you doubt the
advantage of keeping oft' the cold winds, com-
pare the difference in temperature some day in
the spring between a spot protected by hills or
buildings on all sides but the south, and one
not so protected.

Whicli would you prefer, to purchase, bees in the
-pring in box hives at $o.'M each, or furnish hives and
have (ir.st prime swarms at §4.00 each ? Bees are wln-
Tering very poorly in this locality. Tliey come out of
V their hives, wheii the thermometer is io^ below zero,
the hives are frame hives and have the honey boards
removed and in i)lace is a piece of factory cloth, and
che cajjs tilled with straw so the inside of the hive is
dry and all right, but what makes the bees come out
atsuch times as they do I cannot say. The entrances
of the hives are all shaded, so the sun does not call
them otit, but this makes no difference, they are bound
to come out in cold cloudy days, as much as in sun-
.^hine. D. W. Fletcher, 'Lansingville, N. Y. Feb. -li.

Take the whole colony at |5.00 of course, for
you will get the new swarm all the same, and
have your old one left, at an expense of only
^1.00. We think your bees have the prevailing
malady, and perhaps there is nothing that can
be done more than what you have. You might
trj' giving them a fly as directed on page 32,
March No.

I looked over my bees yesterday, put them all in
. clean liives and found them all in good condition.
Some very strong, none very weak, two had lost their
Queens. Brood was in almost every one.

« HAS. F. MUTH, Cincinnati, "O. Feb. 23rd, 1875.

The following is in regard to an improve-
ment on E. J. Worst's plan for guide combs
given on page 12, Vol. 2.

My plan of getting strait combs is the same as E. J.
\VorstV., only r make that straight edge just wide

enoupfh to reach over where the gulile is to be, with
another i)lece tacked on so it won't slip over too lar,
making agnageof it that won't go any place but the
right on(!. Keep the strait edge in the left han^. and
spoon and wponge in right haml- need not lay either
down. I can guid-e four set to one, this wav. it is
just the thing. I am pleased to hear that Mr. \V. has
given it to you to publish; I freely give all my plana
to our brother bee-keepers. " 1). II. Ogdkn.

Wooster, Wayne Co., O. Feb. -ilth, 1875.

For the section honey boxes, these wax
guides will Ix; much preferable to v.ood, as they
will not interfere with cutting the combs out
close to the frames. Thanks ft-iend O.

I am wintering my 73 stocks on their summer stands.
Yesterday I found every colony all right, and i)laced
rye meal out in the morning ; at 12 o'clock each colony
was very busy carrying in large loads of meal. Last
season iny bees yielded mo in honey and increase a
profit of 200 per cent. Will. Wilson.

Bardstown, Ky. Feb. 25th, 1875.

Boes have come through all right I think, despite
the cold weather. A. J. Cook, Lansing, Mich. Feb. 26.

I have two stands now that I do not understand.
Out of one (two years old), there are drippings ol pure
honey In quantity sufficient to issue from the hive and.
run oft' the board at 8 inches distance. From the oth-
er (last summer's swarm) something like thin honey or
sweetened water has recently commenced to drip in
quantity sufficient to run along the board on which
they stand for 18 or 24 inches, I can see nothing wrong
with either comb, or bees in either hive.

Rev. J. H. Buchanan, Huntsville, O. Dec. 34, '74.

We think the trouble is insufficient ventila-
tion, and that the straw mats would prove an
eflectual remedy. In one of our own stocks
that has been out during our recent severe
weather, we find honey on the bottom board,
but the quilt was badly covered with propolis.
The freezing and thawing of sealed combs out-
side the cluster will sometimes start the honey
dripping, but the thin honey or sweetened
water, is almost a sure indication of gathering
dampness from the breath of the bees.

I commenced the season with 15 hives and increased
them to 25. I run 12 of my best for the extractor and
made 1300 lbs. of honey, some of my hives gave over
200 lbs. per hive. The remaining liives I made build
comb for top frames and new swarms. My top
frames are only (5 inches deep and I use it frames on
each hive. I use the Peabody extractor, but it is a
heavy running machine. I use the Langstroth hive
and my frames are 19 inches long and when I put them
in the "extractor and turn them fast, the honey flies
out the top of the extractor. Will your extractor hold
my length of frames without throwing the honey out
of the top of the can ?

Wm. Bence. Newburg, Ky. Feb. 14tli, '75.
We certainly do not intend to send our
friends extractors that will throw the honey
out at the top of the can. If the combs hang
two inches below the top of the can we think
it will never happen. There is one queer fea-
ture about this ; we have made them for sever-
al seasons, to hang only about i.s inch below
the top, and never had any complaint until we
commenced making the low machines for the
Gallup, American, and Standard hives, and
finally to make the revolving frames lighter,
we cut a circle out of the inside, supposing of
course this would make no difference. Finally
by actual test we saw that the machine would
sometimes draw in the air near the central shaft,
and send it out over the top of the can, carry-
ing with it a fine spray of honey. We remedied
the difficulty at once and before we had sent
out many. Still if any one has a machine
that we have sent them thus, we will cheerfully
pay all expense needed to make them good.
Any tin-smith can lower the revolving frame,
or put a narrow rim around the top.

5S

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

1875

I winterel 20 colonics of br-es on their summer
standi, alielterert on the north side and covered on
the top with quilts; they are all in good condition, no
aliens of dysentery. I think bees arc not subject to
dysentery' when wintere'', on their summer stands.
I think your plan of quilts on top an excellent one.

\. X. IlESS, Tarrytown, Md.
We should be very glad indeed to learn that
out-door -wiutering was even as safe as the
other, but alas for stubborn facts.

i;je9 aroun'l here are wintering extremely well.

Adam Guimm, .JeQ'erson, Wis. March l-2th, '7-5.

Riijht i^lad are we to hear it friend Qrinini.
Do you know our next hobby will probibly be
having plenty of baes, plenty of sealed stores,
and let 'em alone from the 1st of Nov., until the
middle or last of March. Under the conditions
mentioned, we are not sure but they would
winter o>/', doors safely during a long cold win-
ter like this last. All of our experiments so
far have only demonstrated that '-tinkering''
1)303 in cold weather not only does no real
good, but often the reverse

standard hive arrived all ri'rUt. Think it very fine,
hut not beinar acquainted with movable comb hives
would like to ask a few questions How do you pre-
vent bees from going un above frames and attaching
comb to top of hive ? What is a quilt used for i*

Friend B. do you know that you have perpe-
trated a "big joke V" At least it looks so to
those of us "who have for years been familiar
-with quilts, and \re presume some of us would
like to indulge in a huge smile but we want
you all to keep your faces straight (for Mr. B.
is a new member of our family) while we ex-
plain Ihat the (luilt is expressly to keep the
bees from getting up into the cover. Spread it
on evenly, and tuck down the edgas so care-
fully that no bee is ever permitted to get above
it. *If they do, they will cement the cover
dosvn so that you can never sjet it to work
without sticking afterward. The quilt is made
sofc, so as not to hurt them.
Din't vou think hives need a ventilator?
No more than what the quilt, and the joint
around the cover allow. On the contrary we
think ventilators often do a great amount of
mischief. In very hot weather, if the bees seem
disposed to cluster on the outside, shade the
hive, and give them room to go to work inside.
If you cannot make a cluster of bees go to
AVoVk somewhere, when honey is to be gather-
ed, we shall have to call you a i)Oor bee-keeper.
Are not the bees apt to put bee bread and broo<l in
all the frames? J. D. Be^.tamik. Brightseat, Md.
Not usually unless the frames are purposely
spread so as" to secure this, which is just ex-
actly what we should want them to do, for the
Standard hive was arranged exclusively for
the extractor, without any thought of box
honey. However, you cm put a second story
on top and put boxes above as on other hives,
or you can put about ten of the combs contain-
ing the brood in the middle and arrange boxes
on both sides of these. In the latter case it
may be advisable to make the entrance in the
middle of the back side of the hive. If you
have an idea that they will work in boxes bet-
ter at the e/ufo of the frames, simply turn the
10 brood combs lengthwise of the hive ; hang-
ing them on thin strips laid across from one
rabbet to the other.

Oon't vou think carbonic acid gas is playing hob in
our bee rooms ^ We made a paseage wav for it to es-
cape through Mil' bottom nmler the wall into a ditch
but instead of passing out the air is coming in so
strong that 1 think the carbonic acid slays in the room

and perhaps mixes to some extent with the warm air
in the room. Our bees are dying more than I think
they ought to— no signs of dysentery whatever— beegA
dry anil lively. We have swe))t out abou; onfi and lu
half bushels of dead bees from li:i colonies. We feel
1 that that is too much loss. P. W. McFatkiuge & SON-
Cartilage, Ind. March Ist, 1875.

We do not think the above average, (a little
more than ij pint de:\d bees to the hive), bad
at all. Our own have died fully as badlj' and
yet we think they have wintered -well. We
think carbonic acid has nothing to do with it ;
it is almost impossible for it to collect in any
ordinary room and rarel.v in cellars, if there is
movement of the air in the apartment. In wells
or pits, where the area is small, and nothing to
make a current of air, it may in time fill up
like water, but even then it is easily stirred itp
with the air, by burning a wisp of straw ot
even dashing in a bucket or two of water. If
it troubled the bees, those nearest the floor
would die most, but we have never yet found
such to be the case. Your ditch works back-
ward because the warm air inside rises, and
escapes through the ventilators and crevices,
as it always must when the interior is warmer
than the outside, (see page 1, Jan. No.)

Enclosed find inv photograph which if you see fit to
place in your MmUcv iilease put on the Quinby side of
the picture. Not that I love Ca?sar less biit Kmne
more. 1 am glail to see that you are letting ui) a little
on the (^ninby hive and box honey, but for that matter
the i}. hive is bettor adapted to the use of the extract-
or than any other hive of which I have any kno wledge^
not even excepting the simplitied dollar hive wittn
"tin ears."

There h-is been much writing from time to time in
Gleaxinos, on the subject of pollen and pollen pro-
ducinar iilants. If I recollect aright, the Wistaria has;
never been mentioned as one of them. Having had a
vine growing vvithin a short distance of my Apiary
for the last three years I liave liad an opportunity of
watchintr the bees at work on it. The first time I saw
them I thought a swarm had settled on the vine. I
believe it to be one of the best pollen producing plants
in the country. The Chinese [Sinensis] is the best of
the Wistaria familv. It grows to an enormous size
and will attain under good culture 15 to 20 feet. I
quote from Balfour's manual of Botany. (London, lf51).

'■The Wistaria produces bunches of lilac colored
flowers of great beautv and numbers. On one vine
there have been estimated in one season, 9000 bunches.
()75,O00 single flowers, ."5,375.000 stamens, and 4.0.50.noo
ovules, and for the purpose of fertilizing these ovules,
the anthers, if ijerfect, would liave contained ^700/
millinns of pollen grains, or about 7000 to each ovule."

Aside from the benefit to the beos. Wistaria is one
of the most elegant of all climl)ing vines and its rapid
growth and virofuse clustei-s of gorgeous purnle flow-
ers commend it to all who wish to make their homes
beautiful by surrounding them with nature's choicest
gifts. John C. McElkath, Asbury, N. J.

My bees were left on their summer stands in a shed
facincr the south, with straw packed in between and
behind them ; movable frame liives with honey-board
on, holes in honey-board open, rags or cobs
placed in to)) box on honey-board, small ventilation at
bottou), and those bees were diseased before January,
vet it had not been very cold. And now live of the ten
are ilead, died of dvsenterv. Thev liad a large quanti-
ty of honev earl v in the fall, and left from 20 to +0 lbs.
when dead. Did the great amount of honey injure
them l)v previ'uliuj- breeding in Ihe fall? Was the
ventihition riudit ? There are men in this vicinity who
have kei)t bees -20 vear.- who claim upward ventilation
is wrong, while others ci|ual!v as well cxucrlenced fav-
or it. Did 1 keei) them (oo warm in the forepart of
winter, thereby causing them to eat ti>o much honey?
Mv bees arc losing badlv on the snow now. Is it best
to" shade them from the sun at all times when they
cannot Ih- safi-lv ?

I am willing to pav anv one liberally for information
that will cnoble me to winter my bees safely on their
summer stands. •'• ''• Wnrrii;,

i:i>clid. Ciivahoga Co., < ».

March '22d, 1S7.^.

The la!-g<' aiuo\nit of honey in thejct>mbs in

aLEANIN<iS IN BEE CULTURE.

r?o

the tall, very likely did prevent brood rearing,
i\\\i\ thus lell yon hives weak in bees. Your
ventilation was all right. We think it well
tlenionstrated that some upward veutilatioa is
needed, espechilly where bees are left out in
■ theeold. Although niueh is said about sha-
ding the hives, and I'asteniug the bees iu at
such times, we have serious doubts whether
Jietdi/ii/ bees fly out thus when tliey cannot re-
turn ; and if they are diseased, we have little
faith in trying to k<H'p them from dying. Our
■bees do jiot go out on the snow this spring at
all, and we are much inclined to think they
never will when fed on sugar syrup, a little
every day through the months of Aug. and
Sept., that they may rear plenty' of brood, and
seal up tlicir winter stores, ic/tile tlie weuUier in
yet warm. If it would not look reckless, we
ilou't know but that we should add, they may
then be wintered either out-doors or iu.

Bees out-rloors, as lar as 1 know, were eight-ninths
dead belore that storm and will be more when it is
■over. Lost oiie-1'ourth of my own iu house I'lom vari-
ous causes, mostly lailure to move over to honey,
while it has ne\ er been as cold as ireczing inside house.
■\Vhy is it? J. J. WuirsuN.

Valley Mills, Marion Co., Ind.
'V\ e d(j not know why they fail to move over,
unless it is a sluggishness engendered l\y dis-
-ease. We find no such trouble among our
•own, this sjiring, and we cannot help thinking
if bees were fed daily on sugar syrup through
Aug. and Sept., as were ours, until they had
rleun, dry, sealed stores thcvQ would at least be
less of such troubles. Friend Dean suggests
that the combs be all removed except those the
bees can cover, and if these be well supplied
with bees, they will be kept warm and clean,
and the bees cannot stray away from their food.
.Had our bees all beeu fed as faithfully as tlie
greater part were, and put in to the bee house
instead of beiug "tinkered," we feel sure there
woukl have been no loss, at least up to this
date, March 20th.

Tell that corr^siJoudent of yours who doesn't like
lo liave llje bees gum uj) his quills, to spiead one
(hitkness of strong muslin on first ; an<i then, his
'lUiits may be of old or tender cloth, and always clean.
t uiUiermore; will not the giimmed muslin laitl on
.^end down the straggling bees, so lliat heavy ]jieces
dike best parts of old pants) nuiy be laid on lor quilts,
and no bees be crushed ?

Mus. A. L. GOLLD, <Jnarga, Ills.

Thanks Mrs. G., very likely you are right.
.Sliould wt; use only the single thickness, the
Ijees woukl likely gnaw through, but with the
quilt over it, they would be warm and all
riglit. It is such a pleasure to liave clean soft
quilts to work with, that we have often thrown
aside our gummed ones for new ones.

1 want to know how tlie bees make a worker, a drone,
a laying worker, and a l^ueen bee out ol the same class
of eggs. NoKTON Case, East Toledo, O.

Many experiments liave demonstrated, we
iLink, that fertile workers are no dift'erent
s'rom other workers, or at least that almost any
worker may lay drone eggs under favorable
circumstances, at k-ast they always make their
appearance with us, when any colony has been
a long time Queenless. This .seems to be the
'•ase all the same, with bees that have been
reared in hive where no Queen cells have ])een
Ijrescut. Any worker egg may be made to
l)roduce a Queen before the larva' is more than
■> days old ; it seems to us that fond is the prin-
'•ipal, ifnot the only thing that brings about

this change, if we excej)! making the cell lar-
ger to accomcxlate the large insict witli the
large amount of conctni rated U:in\ that s!ie
literally swims in, where sheccmtsto lull per-
fection. We can do no better at present than
to reiterate, tliat the eggs that produce duri:es
have never Ixen fertilized, as have those that
produce the Queens and workers.

I am wintering on summer stands, l;ut g< nie ifays
find 15 or '20 dead bees at llie entrance ol a siulIc )ii\"e,
tiien again only 'i or :i. We haidly ever )i;.\e < old
spells, that pre\entour Ijees from coming out. 'or-er
llian a week. 1 have one hive tiiat is jam lull (<i l.<yu-
ey, and 1 have no empty cond) to giv«^ ihcm lo ciusiev
on. What will be liie best lor me to do lor llieni ?

T. iJ. I'AifKiiH, ijoldiboro, N. V. IJec. .•Jnd, 1874.

We know of no remedy except extra empty
combs or the extractor. Although much has
been said about bees having too ncich h<n\vy for
safe wintering, we cannot remember tliat we
liave ever seen such a case. In an experiment
before mentioned, where we fed one colony a
barrel of sugar iu Oct., removing the combs to
other stocks as fast as sealed up, they were in
Nov., about as lull of stores as a hive well
could be, yet they consumed enough before very
severe weather, to give them ample room to
cluster, and they actually wintcreil the best of
an}/ colony we had. Bees maj' be retarded
in raising brood iu the fall, it is very true, but
does a good colony of bees ever sufl'er in winter
from liaving too much houej'V We should
say the bees found at the entrance, indicated
an unhealthy state of affairs in some way.

I have an Italian swarm but tlie bees have all died
but a small liaudlul, tlie (.^leen is yet alive, t^hall I
buy a black colony anil put her in ^

Uo you think the Italian bees will stand our cold
winters as well as our black bees ?

■What will you li.rniih me pure Queens for to sell
to my neighbors ? J. A. Sagku*

><orth bristol, Trumbull Co., O.
We would buy a black colony and introduce
tlie liaiuUul of bees Queen and all. It eau be
done readily by using a cage large euougii to
hold them. Put it against a comb of honey
and they will help themselves.

We do think Italians, just as hardy, though
there are times when it seems as if there was
a ditference. We are inclined to think that it
is the.tinkering with them in the lall and win-
ter,.that is the cause of the miscliief ; the blacks
being let alone, are all right. There is consid-
erable that we cannot explain in regard to this
dwindling down business. When Queens are
sold at $1.00 there can't be any wholesale rates
as we can see, and wliy should tliere be 'i Your
neighbors can send direct to the producer as
well as you, and it will save extra handling.

Can you tell me at what time the Poplar, or Lirio-
demtron Tulipi/ora blossoms in this latiuide ?

K. J. CoLUoKN, Chicago, Ills.
May and June. Altliougli v.e have the trees
in our kjrests quite abundantly about here, we
have never seen mucli of the honey to recognize
it,, at least notliing like basswood. It is called
Whitewood, here, and formerly was the princi-
l)al soft wood lumber for building purposes.

DEAR NOVICE:— Here we are in llie sunny iSouth
tills 7lh day of March, wilh 1.5 iuclies of xiww on the
ground this morning, the <leepest we have seen and
llie only snow in about 14 months.

M. Pause, Pine Kluir, Ark.

!My U) stocks of bees all right so far— winter in cellar.

li. S. Elkins, Ivcnnedy.
M.'irch l.Tth, "T.i. Chautauqua Co., X. Y.

GO

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

1875-

I have had some experience similar to that of At-
kinson in Jan. No. liast season I placed a caged
Queen in a black (iueenless stock ; after 3G hours I
went to release her- it was a cold wet misty day. I
raised the honey board, se)tarated the frames, took
the wax stopper but of the cn;-e and held the mouth of
the cage down to the frames; tl>c (Juecn went out of
the cage and down the combs but soon returned to the
top of the frames and took flight. 1 bade her good by
and closed the hive ; in a week I went to introduce
another Queen when to my surprise I found an Italian
Queen in the stock and "laying eggs. I h:id similar
experience in hiving a natural swarm also.

Eu. Wbllington, Kiverton, Iowa. Feb. 18th, '75.

HOW TO WOUK THD LONU OK STANDAK1> HIVES.

I have had New Idea hives in use four seasons, the
only objection I have to them is that the bees build
loo much drone comb. When the honey harvest is
over 1 make new swarms with the extra frames and
bees, and put in a <livision board.

J. WiNKiKLD, Hubbard, O. Mar<'h 3rd, 1875.

By making an entrance in each end of the
Standard liivcs it is quite an easy matter to
inalte two (colonies of one. The modus operan-
di would be somethiuij: like this; after honey
gathering is over put in the division board,
rear an extra Queen, and at the approach of
winter it will be an easy matter to have two
good colonies. In the spring if botli are strong,
one should be lifted out and put into a new-
hive. Both can then be built up until they till
their hives, just in time for surplus honey, and
then we arc to keep down tlie swarming im-
pulse by faithful use of the extractor, and so on
with another season. We are to have tiro good
colonies in every hive at the approach of win-
ter, and should "they get weak eitlier or both of
them in the spring, they can be united or rath-
er kept in the same hive during the honey
season. This plan will require less labor, es-
peciaUji during cool or unpleasant weather, than
any system with which we are acquainted, for
your hive at all times is in perfect rig, and
contains all the machinery needed for all sea-
sons. "We nearly forgot to consider the objec-
tion mentioned of drone comb, but if we can do
no better, we can get our combs made in weak
colonies, a //7 friend Dean; remember a set of
combs will last a life time.

Last spring I bought 2 swarms of bees or what we
called 2 swarms, paying 8(>.00 for one and Sl.OO for the
other, I took from them 100 lbs. of honey, put 9 stocks
in winter quarter^— or perhaiis I shoulil have said, I
increased them to 9 stocks. Their winter quarters is
the center of a large straw stack— cnt in a (loov-way 5
feet, then enlarged it to 8x10—7 leet iiigh, tliey appear
all right. Would yon give them upward ventilation
in their hives ? (;haules McfoiJMK'K.

Wavcrly, Iowa. Dec. 20th. 1874.

We think under such circumstances they
should have sliglit upward ventilation, that is
if you use honey boards, (guilts that are not
covered too much with propolis would be all
right. Please tell us frientl M., how the straw
stack bee house answers by this time.

On ))ngo 142 your correspondent asks for the best
melhotl of harvesting mustard seed, 1 would like to
have that (juestion answered. He also asks whether
the black is better than the white. I should preler the
white. Two years ago I sowed a small piece. It di<l
well and the bees worked on it well in the morning.
Whether they get m\ich honey from it I cannot tell
but it is a siilendid jilant to sowfor pollen. I think it
could be cradled without trouble.

I. K. Daniels, Lodi, O. Dec. 24th, 1874.

Do you think that a novice needs a smoker and veil
too? How do von \niite weak swarms with stronger
ones:- H. Qi'Ai.K. Feb. 24tli, '7.'). 1 Address lost.]

We think a smoker should answer the pur-
pose of a veil generally, but exceptional cases
occur, such as robbing, or cases in which a

Queen must be hunted for some emergency etc.,
etc. We would recommend that bees shoukt
not be handled as a general thing, whan a veil
seems necessary yet we have seen rol)bing go-
ing on at times at such a rate that the air
would l)e full of angry bees ready to sting;
smoke in such a case is of but little avail, and
one must then, if obliged to go among the
hives, either wear a veil, or take stings as tUey
come. The latter course requires the courage
of a scarred veteran. For uniting colonies see
page 121, Vol. 2. Unless the Queen to be saved,
is caged as in introducing, there is alway some
danger of her being killed.

whi:n ani> how to itakianizk most fkofitai«lv.
Should not Italianizing be done early enough, so the
colony would be all changed before winter? The
Italians destroy the blacks after they become a major-
ity and this leaves the colony too weak to keep suflio-
ient animal heat during the winter and spring.

James Ely, West Alexandria, Wash. Co., Pa,

Of course if you can Italianize a colony so
early that the young Italians have a chance to
participate in the lioney harvest, it will be a
great advantage. Those who do this however
should not rely on dollar Queens, but should
pay tlie price of a Queen in May or June. As
we liavc said before, dollar Queens probablj
cannot be furnished so as as to pay expenses
before July. If you rear your own Queens, the
question comes up as to how it can best be
done. If you destroy the old Queen and give
them a (^ueen cell in May or June, and thu^
deprive them of eggs for two or three weeks as-
mentioned in another column, there is great dan-
ger of thus damaging tlie colony for honey, for
that season, more than the extra value of the
Italians. With the Standard or a similar hive,
we can make a nucleus in tlie back end and
raise our new Queen, without stopping the old
one from laying at all. When both are laying,
and have got their combs well filled remove
the old one, until then, and no time is lost. It
is true tliere is some danger to the young
Queen when they are united, but not much if
honey is coming in, and the colony is watched
for a day or two after. If the young Queen in-
attacked, she will be kept for some hours in a
ball of bees before she is injured, this must b(
watched for. Throwing such a ball of bees
into a glass of water is a very safe way to lib-
erate the Queen. Don't be frightened if she
appears dead after this cold bath, she will soon
revive if put in a cage Hnd warmed. Remo-
ving the old Queen, and giving them a young
Queen just hatched, from a lamp nursery or
otherwise, is a very economical way, and but
little trouble, but even then we lose (see page
52) from 5 to 15 days, and we can much better
att'ord this loss after the honey season than
before it, more especially if our colonics are
weak. We must think it an error alH>iit Ital
ians killing off the blacks, we have nevir been
able to disco\ er that bees jimong theiiiselves
make any distinction in regard t-o race or color.

IMcase state how many revolution i per minr.tc yon
run the honev extractor"?
Wm. Ci. Noht«)N, Honeoye FalN, X. V. Fel . 26, '7.'>.

It is hard to tell accurately without 'csting
actual work, by the watch, but as nearly as wt:
can judge by turning an empty machaic, for
Langstroth combs, it re(]uirts aboul. 75 per
minute. In cool weather and with thick lion
ey, of cours'' greater Velocity will ^e -'.uired-

ADVERTISERS' DEPARTMENT.

AV,' will send Gi.kvxivgs—

M'itli'riio AinM-icui ISeo Journal (Si.O.I) S2.'25

•• Tlie Biv IvLV'por'ri Maga/.iuo ( l.'i,')) I . "n

" Tli3 Heo World ('2.00) CiS

" All throe, Tlio B_>e Journals of Auiei-ica. . ; .5.00

" Amerie.an A'^riculturist (Sl.(i:)) S2.10

" Prairie Fanner (S2.1.")l 'i.!;.")

" Rural X.'w Yorker ($2.5)) :?.00

•• National A'^-rii'ulturist ( 1.'2.")) :i.7.">

*• '-'(■ienMlic. Anifriciti (J?. I.")) '')■">

" Fruit Recorder and Cottage Gardener (Sl.OO). .1..W
[_Aborc rates include a!l Poxtdftc]

Books for Bee-Keepers.

SENT i)ost|)aid on receipt of price.

Lan','^trotli on the Hive and Honey Bee ?2.00

Quinl)\"s Mvsteries of T?ee Keeping: l-.'iO

Bee Keeper's Text Book, muslin, 7o

" '• " " paper, 40

Good Books.

These, thouiili not specially desij^necT for Bee-
keepers, have a teiulcucy to inculcate princi-
])les that ensure success in bee-keeping as well
!is almost all other rural pursuits.

The first on the list should be in the hands
of every one who has i)lanted grape vines to
shade the hives, as we have advised.

Any of tliese Ijooks will Ije forwarded Ijy mail, x)ost-
pnkK on receipt of price.

Fuller's Grape Culturist Si. 50

Fuller's Small Fruit Culturist 1.50

Fuller's Strawbcrrv Culturist 1.'20

Fuller's Forest Tree Culturist \M0

Henderson's (iardeniuir for Profit 1.50

Henderson's Practical Floriculture 1.50

Tim Bunker Papers 1.50

Ten Acres Enougli 1.25

Roosevelt's Five Aci-es too Much 1.50

Art of Saw Filing (Holly) 75

Window Gai-deninj? 1.50

Leuchar's How to build Hot-Houses 1.50

Plav and Prortt in my Garden. Rev. E. P. Roe.. 1.50

Warinsr's Draining for Profit and Health 1..50

Onion Culture "20

Purdy's Small Fruit Instructor .25

A-verill Cliemical Faint.

THE O.V/. 5' RELIABLE.

THE MOST BEVrTlFT'L.

THE MOST ECONOMICAL.

THE MOST Dl'KAIJLE.

Requires no oil thinner or drier.
Requires no waste of time in mixing,
Has stood ekiht prnrs' crUicisynK
With )ic(trhi inrrcnscl popiilrrriti/
And >/riirli/ incrciKcil sales.
Is sold by the gallon only, in packatces oi" from 1 to

40 rrallons each, in Purest White and any Color or

Tint desired.
Address, for sample card of colors and price list,

A.^'erill Clienilcal T»aiTit; Co.,

Office and Factorv 182 & 134 East River Street,
CLEVELAND, OHIO.

T TALI AN QUEENS bred from imported mothers—
a month earlier than in the North. Purity and
s i!'e arrival guaranteed. Also full colonies of Italians
in Langstroth hives for sale at S15.00 jier colony.
Address Dr. J. P. H. BROWN, Augusta. Ga.

C T^ "LT T6 RATES on 175 Papers. Send for
<C 1L< XT T6 List including Agents' R.vtks on
T? O O X. W bv mail post-paid— 400 in List—
15 O O Tt f-» BixcnAMS' Agcncv, Sparta, Wis.
" 12t9p

TOBEE-KEEPEHS!

THINN'S POROUS DOUBLE AVALLED BEE HIVE,

A SUCCESS—

In wintering Bees on their summer slanil. Circular
free. Sav where vou see thi'* notice.

Address ' KEYES & FINN,

.•)p Clyde, Jasper Co., Iowa.

Names of resiionsible iiarties will be Inserted In
either of the followin^r deiiartments, at a uniform
jirice of JOc. cueh insert ion, or fl. 00 per year.

Xanu-K iiiscrli'd in l/iis department tiie first lim-e
^vithuut eharijc.

Those whose names appear below, agree to furnish
Italian (^hieens the coming season for ^1.00 each, un-
der the following conditions; No guarantee is to be
assumed of i>urity, satV' 'ieliyery or anv thing of tlui
kind, oiil\ that ilie (^tueen be rear(!d from a choice,
pure mother. TIk'v also agree to return the monev at
any time when cnstomei's become impatient of s'ucli
delay as may be unavoidable.

Bear in mind that he who sends the best Queens,
put u)) neat(!st and most securely, will in'obably re-
ceive the most onlers. Special rates for warranted
and tested Queens, furnished on application to any of
the parties. Names with *, use an Im|iorted Qiieen
mother. If wanted by mail, send 10c. extra.
G. W. Dean, River Styx. Medina Co., Ohio.
J. Oatman & ('o.. Ouiidee, Ills. 3t2

Dr. J. 1'. II. Brown. Auijusla. (Jcorgia.
F. Allena. IIiin'in-do:i. P. C^, Cinada. 4-5

M. E. INlcMasters. Shi'lbvville. Mis>.)uri. '2tl

Eli Coble, Cornersville. Marshall Co.. Tcun. 2t,l

*J. M. C. Tavlor. Levvistown, Frederick Co., Md. 4-9
C. Gould it Co., Onargo, Irociuois Co., III.

Who agree to make such hives, and at the prices
named, as those desciibeil on our circular.

Geo. T. AVhetder. Mexico. N. Y.

BEI*>S and Supplies, never before offered, will be
furnished bv M. (JUINBY. St. Johnsville, Mont-
gomery Co., N. Y. Send for circular and price list. 2t$l

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JDYMETISEIIS' DEPARTMENT.

Kr\ Visitinar Cards
»JyJ with your aame
printeil thereon in a neat
tpye, enclosed In a case, for
4.0 cts. 25 Glass Cards for 00 cts. 100 Business Cards
With your Name, Business and Address, for ys cts.,
sent post-paid. Agents wanted. Address.

R. W. CI^ARK & CO., Medina, Ohio.

MUTH'S ADVERTISEMENT.

HONEY_ JARS.

One poiind (square) Jars, per gross, 86.50

Two " " " " 8.50

One " " " Flint glass per gross 9.00

Two " " " " " " " 11.00

Corks for 1 and 2 lb. jars 75

Tin Foil Caps, per gross 1.20

Labels, " " 75

A thousand labels address printed to order 5.00

One qt. fruit jars. Mason's patent, per gross 18.00

Labels for same, " " 65

A thousand labels addrees printed to order 4.25

Uncapping Knives, as good as any, each 50

" " perdoz 4.50

Alsike Clover Seed, per bushel 15.00

" '* " peck 4.00

" " " " pound 35

tLiAivohthotii beje: hi vii:«,

straw Mats, Bee Veils etc., at reasonable rates.

For further particulars. Address.
Itf CHAS. F. MUTH, Cincinnati, Ohio.

OUR Bee Journal of the Southern States. Issued
mouthlv at $2.00 per year. Sample copies free.

Address A. F. MOON & Co. Rome, Georgia.

One foot and under, per hundred S2.00

lYom one to two leet 5.00

two " six " 8.00

" six " ten " 15.00

" ten " fifteen 30.00

The one foot and under, sent by mail for 75c. per
htmdred, extra. General nursery stock, such as Fruits
ami Grape vines of all kinds. Apples and Cherries.
Evergreens, Osage Orange plants etc., for hedges,
specialties. Maple trees also at low figures.
Sfod J. L. GREEN, Granger, Medina Co., Ohio.

No Black Bees to interfere with pure fertilization.
Unwarranted Queens $1.00. Warranted $3.00. Bred
from daughters of imported or home bred Queens.
Full Colonies Italian Bees $13.00. Address
3t8p J. OATMAN & CO., Dundee, Kane Co., Ills.

Every Bee-Keepcr should

subscribe for tliis Monthl3'.

It is the oldest and best

Urr TATT'Dlffif rt ^'^'^^^^^^^ ^^'^ practical

DLL J UUllJlAL.q Journal of Apiculture in

the World. The? most suc-

I cessful and experienced

Apiarians in this country

and Europe contribute to its pages. Terms, $2.00

.1 year in advance. iSend a Stamp for a Sample

C^opy. Address, THOMAS G. NEWMAN,

Cellar Rapids, Iowa.

IMPORTED BEES.

For the past seven years we have Imported bees
from Italj' and have failed nearly every time, by lacfe
of knowledge of the true conditions necessary for so
long a journey, and on accoimt of the carelessness ofi"
the shippers. But we are now succeeding so welS
that we receive ninety per cent of the Queens alive.

We claim to be

The only reg^iilar Iinportei-s of-

ITALIAN BEES IN THIS COUNTRY.
We received over 07ie Hundred Queens in the sea-
son of 1874. Our Queens come from the best districts
of Italy. They are all young.

We winter 60 Imported Queens in our Apiarj', and!

will sell them in full colonies in the spring, safe

arrival guaranteed.

Price : Colony of Italians with Imported Queen $20.00

" " home bred " 15.00

Our hives are good, well paintetl movable frame

hives. For particulars adiiress

CH. DADANT & SON, Hamilton,

Hancock Co., Ills.

Tlie Bee-Keepers'
Mag'azine, edited by
H. A. King, the only Il-
lustrate 1) Magazine
treating of B e e - C u 1 1 u r e
in tiie United States. 32
pages. Terms, Sl.25 a year
with a present. Tile 64
page specimen number,
with beantifnl life-like
chromo of Italian bees and
honey plants (price .50 cents), sent free with the Mag-
azine five months for .50 cents. Agents wanted. Ad-
dress W. B. COBB, Publisher, 75 Barclay Street, N. Y.

125 COLONIES PURE ITALIANS.

We have ])urchased of the late Dr. T. B. Hamlin's
stock of Bees, 125 COLONIES PURE ITALIANS
in Langstroth's Imiiroved Hives, 10 frames, which we
offer at the reduced price of $13.00 per colony, deliver-
ed on cars at Edgefield Junction, Tenn.
3t6p BARXUM & PEYTON.

FLORAL GUIDE FOE 1875.

Published Quarterly. —J anuaky Numbeu
just issued, and contains over lOO Pages, 500 En-
gravings, descriptions of more than 500 of our best
Floivers and Veg'etables, with Directions for
Culture, Colored Plate, etc.— The most useful and
elegant work of the kind in the world.— Only 25 cents
for the vear.— Published in English and German.

Address JAIVES VICK, Rocbcastcr, N. Y.

SEEDtsTAND BULBS-

ILLUSTRATED SPRING ('ATAIA)GUE FOR 1875
NOW READY,
sent with a specimen of Xiie American (harden,

a new Illustrated Journal of Garden Art, edited by
James Hogg, on receipt of ten cents.

BEACH, SON & CO., Seedsmen,
3tfx 76 Fulton St., Brooklyn, N. Y.

Address
lltf

r^ATNlP SEED for sale at 2.5c per oz.
\y A. A. RICE, Seville, Medina Co., O.

Oiie Copy One Year 75 Cents, or with Lithograpii of Apiary, size 12x16, Mailed Free, Postpaid, $1.00, or Litho-
graph will be sent as a Premium for Two Subscribers at 75 cents each.
Any person obtaining Three Subscribers at 75 Cents each, may retain 25 Cents for their trouble.
ct iw Yive " " " *' 75 " "

« " Ten " " " " 2.50 " "

Any number above Ton will be sent at the rate of Fitly Cents each.

Names may be sent at any time during the year, and whenever a club is reached, we will credit
b*ck the amount previously sent us in excess of the Club IJates. In this way any of the

Articles Mentioned on our PRICE LIST may be Secured as PREMIUMS.

Please mention when names are intended for Clubs. An acknowledgment will be sent in all caacs
ojti receipt of money— for any purpose whatever— by return mail. V^olumes I, & H, may be counted on
tke same terms, as we have a

Large Supply of BACK NUMBERS Provided for new Beginners !

we cannot take the sitace in futiu-e numbers to go over the same ground again, and Volume One
nlalns tho entire Fundamental Principles and

Grrou-iid. "Work for* Htai-ting- an A.piarj^-

it.

IDE^VOTEID ESZCXjXJSI^VEIj^S' TO BEES -A.1STID liOISTE^ST

Supplement to APRIL No. 1875; and Eighth Edition Circular and Price List.

OUR ITIEDLrEV.

THE BEE-KEEPEKS OF OUK COUNTUY.

W|EAR FELLOW BEE-KEEPERS :— It is
M^) now the Oth of March, and though winter
still lingers, the sun has to-day thawed the ice
off the walks sufficiently to allow Blue Eyes to
take extensive promenades, of such a nature,
that she fairly bubbled over at supper time
with accounts to her papa of the wonderful
things she had seen "out doors-es." The bees
have rather stopped dying in the forcing house
and are now starting brood very fairly, in pro-
portion to their diminutive numbers, left to
gather meal and care in other ways for the well
being of their little ones. The rest of our Api-
ar3^ seem to have wintered splendidly ; Glean-
ings is receiving daily accessions to its circle
of friends, although it has ah'eady a far larger
number than at any time last year, and the
world in general presents such an unwonted
cheerful aspect that we really cannot^ get at the
matter in hand, until we tell you all how fer-
vently we thank God for his many many bles-
sings of which we are so little deserving.
Prominent among them is the pleasant news
coming from one after another of our old friends
to let us know they are rejoicing to find that
we too ha.\e fudlly "found that peace that pas-
seth understanding."

Do j'ou wonder that \re rejoice to find we
have so many ministers among our subscribers,
that we feel as if we must take them all by
the hand and wish them God speed in their
noble work of reforming mankind? And this
reminds us that we hope we shall have the
ai)proval of all of you in deciding to mention
Mr. Langstroth, first of all the Bee-Kee^)crs of
America.

Rev. L. L. L.\N(iSTUOTii, of Oxford, Butler
Co., Ohio, most of you know, is generally ac-
corded the honor of having first made the
movable comb bee hive practically a success,
and of having introduced it extensively among
ilie i)eople. How far he has been remembered,
and what are his present circumstances may be
gathered from the following extracts from a
letter ju.st received. from him. It was not in-
tended for publication, yet it answers so many

inquiries in regard to him that we feel sure he
will excuse it.

Excuse dear rrienils, the <lelay in replying to your
kinil inquhie^. Since the last, of Jiirn^ 187M. I have
been laid aside from business ol all kinds, and only in
a few instances liave I been able personally to )•■ --pond
to letters .addressed to me. This week tor tli'.^ first
time, have I felt any very hopeful symptoms of resto-
red mental activity. A "year ago last fall I was com-
pelled by poverty and sickness to part witli all ray
bees, and it is only within a few days that I care 1 to
liear again the hum of an Insect in which I once took
such delight. Two years ago I was straining every
nerve to have the suit of Otis against K.ing brought to
an issue. That eminent counsellor S. S. Fisher, after
seeing all that the defense could say for their ••ase,
was confident that the claims of my patent woul; n^t
be invalidated. The day was set for the hearing; but
before the cross examination on my own swoi'n s'ate-
ment could be comjileted I was prostrated in mind
and body by my old complaint, and every thing cane
to a stand. Since then Col. Fisher has die ; ; and
Mr. Otis, after being some time an inmate of an insane
asylum, died there, and of course the suit (.ame to an
end. My relatives knew, and Mr. H. A. King was also
informefl by me. personally, that in aiding Mr. Otis, I
had ceased to expect any pecuniary benefit by appeal-
ing to law (in case of a favorable verdict) to maintain
my own riglits against infringers. My settled and
declared intention, was in the large territory which I
then owned, to leave all infringers to act as their own
consciences might dictate, in paying me a license fee
or not, even although the law allowed me seven
years after the expiration of the patent, to collect
(lamages against them. I have felt for years tliat from
the many conflicting, and as I believe, infringing
hives, which have come into use, my relations to the
bee-keeping community, had become misunderstood
by many who were ignorant of the facts. I have im-
ceasingiy grieved to find myself in my old age, in
such unpleasant antagonism to many with whom I
sought to maintain only friendly relations. I have
never derived even a meagre support from my patent,
independent of the employment, and am now, since I
have been laid aside from all business, almost entirely
dependent upon the kindness of relatives.

Should I regain sufficient iiealth, I sliould delight to
revise my work on the Honey Bee, antl give it the
benefit of the latest discoveries "and improvements.

Just before I was taken sick, I had been planning
to make you a visit and show you what I regarded as
a dccideii advance in the way of constructing both
hives and frames. I remember with great interest our
very pleasant correspondence, and the expressions of
kinihu'ss from Novice and family. I associate you
with the dear wife who appreciated so deeply the in-
terest wliicli vou and vour kind iihvsician took in my
health. With the kindest regards to each member of
your family, I remain as ever,

V'erv truly vour friend, L. L. Langstroth.

Oxford, O. " Feb. 26th, 1875.

In giving the above we have several objects
in view ; one is to show those Avho are enter-
taining hopes of gain bj' selling rights, that
even so valuable an improvement as the mov-
able comb, onl}^ resulted in trouble and loss to
almost all parties concerned. And worst of
all, it made unkindncss, and trouble, where all
should have been friends and neighbors. Last-
ly, it shows those who I'oel as if they owe a
debt that has not been paid, just how they can
recompense our kind old friend for his .services.

3

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

Money ma.v be sent ns, and we will jrivc a
printed receipt for it in Gleanings each month.
[fMr. L's health permits, we sliall also expect
brief coinnuinicatious from him for Glkaninos.
Fellow Uee-Keepers can we not give our old
benefaelor a few bees to enable him to start
Muew':' Who will give a colony":' Those in
box iiives would be safest to ship and our
friend would in all probalnlity prefer to trans-
fer them to his own hives. Come now, let us
have a donation party, send in bees, Queens,
empty comb etc., etc. As he will need some
money to pay express charges on ail those box
hives you are going to send him, we will start
the list with !i^25.00 for that purj)ose. You can
send money to him or to ns as is convenient,
but drop lis a card telling us what and liow
raucli you have sent, that we nniy give proper
credit. A fair view may bo gathered of Mr.
L's candor and good sense Irom his concluding
remarks on page 08, Vol. 2.

M. QuiNr.Y, St. Johnsville, Montgomery Co.,
N. Y., although also, well on in years, is sti'l,
we are happy to say, strong and vigorous Iwth
in mind anil l)ody. As something from the pen
of a j)erson will many times give the readers
a more vivid idea of their peculiar character-
istics than many pages of description, we
shall on account of want of si)ace be obliged to
content ourselves with simply indicating where
their writings may be found in Glkanings.
Mr. Q"s coniuiuuicalionsmay be found on pages
103, and 104, Vol. 2, and 14, and 27, Vol. o.
.. All who have read CJuinby's and Laiigstroth's
books, and we hope most of our readers have,
we think will agree with us, that these works
were evidently written with a ti-ue spirit of
benevolence toward their fellow beings, aside
IVom any feeling of i)ecuiiiary gain tliat might
i'esult Ihe.reljy." Our warmest thanks are due
them both for teaching us our A, B, C's in the
science. Altliough tliese two pioneers struck
Out alone, and each wilhout any knowledge of
the other, we think it much 10 the credit of
both that they agreed so nearly. The works
tluU have since been compiled although de-
serving of merit for Iniving condensed much of
liie nnitter, are yet so evidently dependent on
these two, tliat we cannot think the writers
deserving ut ;i place by their side.

At present, we have three hirge lioney pro-
ducers in our Country who seem to deserve
mention rather in advance of the rest.

J. kS. l(.\nnisoN, of ^>an Diego, Calilornia, the
man who has shown him.^elf capable of mana-
ging someihing like 2000 colonies, and who
lias produced irom tiiem in one season about
75 tons of honey, writes as follows in answer
to a request for his Photo. Although his rei)ly
e()ntains much sound sense ami wisd(tm, we
must think that we did not succeed in making
him \nidersland that our Medley is only a
friendly grouping of those whose labors seem
to give them a jieetiliar syniiiathy for each
other. We are very sorry, but we suppose we
shall lulve to content ourselves with his letter
in lieu of the Piiolo.

Vmu- liuiir canie 'hily to Ikiih!, turn arilcil lo my
IN!«>iiii'.;iin retrcal. To give lo llic ijuIjIIc ;il tlii.~ (■•■trly

ri(i(l, the reMills ut' my Miccot-.-liil uiimugxiiieiil. in

e ciillure, Wdiilil not i;i' con.-isUiit ciiher a( illi my
H''ll' inleri bi. ii;ivi\g' i-.xpeniU il ^o much time uwu iiioii-
f\ in ai)l\inj; iil tin.- lusuUs etc.. nor jutstico lo the
i>i\ernl younp; men who arc servinj;- an t.iiin-eiiliceeliii)

^

under me, and who are surely entitled to more con-
plderalion than the jiublic who contrIljtit« nolliing to
(levelope the business. To train yountr nu 11 lo my
method is tlie only sure way to i)eVi)etiiate Use busi-
ness anil rescue it from the dishonor and odium that
has been brought on it in years gone by, by Bi)ecula-
tors, as well as by some who claim a jdace us Apiari-
ans. This country is different Irom any other and I
linil myself yet mucli at a loss lo understand ihe sea-
sons, as each varies from the i)r<'ce(ling. One or two
years of my ijcrsonal attention v\ill do much to reduce
the business to shaiie arid establish iirecedents lor
I'uture reference, t have no idiotograph suitable to
send you, besides my reputation as an Ajjiarian needs
more'years to establish before being introduced to
extensive })ul)!ic notice. Accept my ilianks lor your
consideration and suggestions as to Gi.EAMNGSasa
medium to answer inquiries etc. I will avail myself
ol your ofler at an early day. J. t^. Hakuison.

ban IJiego, California. I'eb. 11th. '75.

Capt. J. E. IIetiierington, Cherry Valley,
N. Y., .seems to come next. See liis report ou
page 7, Vol. 3. Now right here comes a point
that we cannot illustrate better than by Ma-
king a little extract from a private letter.
Will our young readers especially bear in mind
that it is almost out of the question, no matter
how good natured they may feel, for such" men
as Harbison, Iletherington or Grimm, to an-
swer all they receive. We cannot do it, even
while we make it our especial bu.siness to an-
swer in(iuiries. Many times the labor of an-
swering an inquiry in full is as great as writing
an article in full for an agricultural paper; iu
the former case, it is only used for (♦'■ M<'?rson,
in the latter it may benefit thousand*."* *

To make a report of tliis kind is a sii> c matter,
wiiile 10 lake the conseciuences is quite serious. Wlih
my )ii(seiil notoriety 1 receive more lelUJ's than I can
liiid lime 10 answer, to say nothing of r.' iking a Hotel
of ones liou>e. When a inan says "hif .as come SCO
mills lo [{:in\\just Iioiv Iu iiiaiiat/'e lo gel so much 1)0X
lionev" one cannot do otlierwise tlian U-eat him just
as well as ho knows how. J. K. IL »H!C. .Slst, 1S74.

Just exactly friend II., we niuit le neighbor-
ly, even if it involve niakiiig every subscriber
on our list wait for their paper, while we are
giving our attention to a .yiiif/Ie on" of them.
Cannot we make our JanriKilK a 7nore perfect
medium, for making, and answering iiuiuiriefsV
Ai?AM GniMM, Jeflcrson, Wis., is another il-
j lustration that even advanced age need be no
j serious impeiliment to successful bee culture;
I see his rep(n-ts on page bf(!. Vol. 1, and 127, Vol.
I 2. Friend Grimm has for years contributed,
[ much, both in his writings in A. JJ. ./., and by
importations of superior stock of Italians.

I As we have got through with the live prin-
cipal characters, shall we not now arrange
I ourselves simply, in alphabetical order V
j Miss A.. ("P. G") positively declines cntrust-
i iiig her biography to our voluble pen, in any
i shape or manner, so that we shall have to con-
! tent ourselves with the valuable piece of infor-
\ mat ion that .Miss A., is P. G., and that P. G.,
■■ is ]\riss A.

' Mh. & iV[ns. AxTEi.L, of Ptoseville, Wnrren Co.,
' Ills. Page 21, 47, 82, 142, Vol. 2; 21, Vol. ;J.
\ Mautin il. Adams, Fort Ann, N. Y.
j (). L. Bai.laki), Malone, N. Y.
! (iKoiiGE Bam-, Danbury, Conn., writes Feb.
1 11th, 1875:

I r.ast siiring I had f, hives, made an extractor and
; sold over SUKi.OO worlh ol honey, hicreased artificially
! .-ind have now /?iirhi-iinr on suiiimer stands.

.^Iiss 8ai:ah BAitKiat, St. Johns, Mich. A friend

of hers writes :
I I recentlv purchased a few colonies of Italian bees
I for her wii'li money she earned giving music lessons.-

She l:as Ktarled with a year's fuLscripticn to (ji.EAN-

1875.

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

i^os, iinil a I'opy of I/in;^stroth"s hook, to^rollior with
;i g loil stock oi'' iiiticiici; and iiersoverencc. hence I
think Mhi; will enccced.

P. I). Bassfouo, Waterloo, Wis.
FuANR Benton, Kil;L;elit'l(l Junction, Tcnn. P.
IIT), Vol. 2.

HoHKiiT BiCKFOKi), SiMK'ca Fulls, N. Y., is wc
])c'Iirve, the ori^jfiiial inventor of Quilts.
E. D. Bti,i.in(;s, Ehnira, N. Y.
E. C. Bi.AKESLKi:, Jledina, O., is the man who
has the Uuilroatl Apiary; See page 3, Vol. 1,
anil 75, Vol. 2.

J.\Mr:s Boi.iN, West Lodi, Seneca Co., O. P. 10,
47, 5.-), (;.-,, «»,-), 101, 104, 105, 10!), 115, Vol. 2, and
25, Vol. :?.

Dii. F. Bond, West Salisburv, Vermont.
Du. J. P. H. BuowN. Au;j:nsta, Ga. P. 24, and
cover to Sept. No., Vol. 2.
D. Lyons Buownk, Indianapolis, lud. P. 70,
9;^, Vol. 2.

Heubekt a. BuRCn, South Haven, Mich., is
well known as a writer in most of our Jour-
nals. P. 12(5, 144, Vol. 2 ; 14, Vol. ;{.
J. BuTLKK, Jackson, Mich. P. 9, Vol. 2.
M. II. Clement, Belleville, Mich. P. 119, Vol.
2, and 10, Vol. 3.

Eiii Coni.E, Cornersville, Marshall Co., Tenn.
PuoK. A. J. Cook. Lansing, Mich., has shown
himself, by his writings and at Conventions,
one of our clearest thinkers, and he don't go
wild ohhies. P. 28, Vol. 3.

J. H. >. v.vyK, Paulding, Jasper Co., Miss.
FuANKi -ii Coats, Columbus, Ind.

Mr. C's wife sends this Photo without liis knowled}<e
wishinff it .i**'*, surprise to him. She also says the}'
conunenced-.i'ast sjtring witli 4 colonies, and liavo in-
creased theii *o !>. and taken .'iOO lbs. of clover honey
which mostly sold lor .'tOc. She, as well as some other
bee-keeper's .vives write; us excellent letters and then
Bav we musJ^irot print them. Are wo not excusahle if
we are alitfr^'HsolK'tliLMil now and then?

J. Cii.'i.NE, Bridgeport, Addison Co., Vt. P. 30,
Vol. 1, and 70, Vol. 2.

C. P. D.VDAXT, Hamilton, Hancock Co., Ills.,
and his father Chas. Dadant, bid fair to stand
at the head of the Importing business. Some
of Chas. Dadant's arti(;les may be founil on
pages 29 and 50, Vol. 2.

J. L. D.vvis, Delhi, Ingham Co., Mich. P. 20,
23, 31, Vol. 1, and 9, 12, 51, G2, 107, 130, Vol. 2.
(}. W. Dean, River Styx, Medina Co., O., like
many of the rest of our friends has made him-
self master of one particular point.
Friend D's specialty is being able to make his
bees build all worker combs, and build them
fttriiit. His bees in fact, obey orders in general
much better than some we have seen. P. 91,
'.)'!, Vol. 2.

\V. J. Dederick, Borodino, Onon. Co., N. Y.
a. M. Doomtti.k & WiKE, Borodino Oiionda-
iza (.'o., N. Y. AVe have many very good rea-
sins for feeling that Mr. D. has not only been
a friend, indeed, but he has pi'oved himself also
a friend in need. P. 03, 82, 89, 95, 123, 132, 135,
Vol. 2' and 20, Vol. 3.
J. DoNAiKtK, Newboro, Ontario, Canada.

1 have kept bees the last 8 years, have at the present
lime 120 stocks, all in movubfe comb hives, and mostly
Italians.

A. N. Draper, Upper Alton, Ills. P. 144, Vol.

2; 30, Vol.3.

Andrew Dunlap, Champaign City, Ills.

P. H. EiAvooD, Starkville, Herkimer Co., N. Y.

P. 55, Vol.2; 7, Vol.3.

John Ei/Uorr, W'adsworth, Medina Co., O.

B. Finch, (^allupville, Sdioliarie Co., N. Y. P.

47 and 71, Vol. 2.

E. (iAi.i.uP, Orchard, Iowa.

"(Jal!ui)'s" name lias become almost a lionsf-
hoM word among l)ee-keepers, and we only re-
gret that we do not hear from him of lale us
often as we once did. Open almost any where
in Ihe earlier volumes of (he A. JJ. J., and you
»nay be sure of hearing either from or <^/hini.
A. GuKV, Rciley, Butier Co., O.
Katie (TUi.M.\f, (now Mrs. H. (iciseler, of Green
Bay, Wis.) will have to be considered the Her-
oine of the Extractor for some years to come
we fear, as no other young Miss, (or Mrs. either
for that matter) seems equal to the task she
describes on page 53, of A. li. ,/., for Se[)t., '71.
Also see Gleanings page 7, Vol. 3.
Mus. Luc'inda Harrison, Peoria, Ills P. IIG
Vol. 2. Mrs. H. deserves thanks for the lively
articles she has furnished our Weslern papers.
H. Hudson, Douglas, Mich. P. 140, Vol. 2.

E. W. Hale, Wirt V.. H., Va. P. 117, Vol. 2.
Dr. Hamlin, Edgelield Junction, Tenn.

Dr. H. before his decease, was one of the
most extensive Ai)iarists in the South, and la-
bored long and diligently in disseminating the
Italians. At the time of his death, we believe
he counted his colonies by the hundred.

F. H. Harkins. We have not his own Photo,
but only that of his Apiary, when he was loca-
ted at ilorae. Brown C'o., Minn. See page 21,
Vol. 2.

Mrs. Levi Hollingswortii, Monmouth, Ills.
E. Hunter, Manchester, Mich. P. 94, Vol, 2.

Dr. J. M. jANSfo & "WiKE, Los Angeles, Cal.

li\ accordance witii your invitation in (iLEANiNos, I
send you my wile's an'd my rtwn Piioto, as we arc both
bee-kee))er8, altiious^h novices. W^e start with 100
stands of bees, out of which one vvas killed while mo-
vinfj them over a rocky road, the rest are all very
larse colonies, some blacks, some hybrids, and the
rest Italians. We learned the theoreti«;al part of
Ai)iculture and now we start in i)ractlcc. The bees
work on ])ollen noxii. I have been pr;tcti<;in>r medicine
in town, but my liealth failed and I gave it up, and
put up a bee ranche at the foot of the Sierra Madre
Mountains, about lifteen miles from town in a flne
l)lace. We have a line Iiouk; and start an extensive
orchard and vlnf vard in addition to our l)ecs. We, L
mean wife and self, are great bee entliusiasts ; BtingB
ilon't scare us, and we are in anlicii)ation of a lively
season. At the foot of our hou-^o we have over ."JOb
acres white sage and much other bee feed.

We extend to you and your wife a hearty
welcome. Dr. J., and shall look forward with
much pleasure to receiving frequent reports
from your mountain home. ]\Iay we suggest
to Mrs. J. that although her task may at times
be laborious and fatiguing, we hope she will
not bo wearied in well doing. Remember that
a nation of sisters are debating whether they
are lUted for such duties, by their husband's,
father's or brother's sides, and e\en one who
gets discouraged and gives up may may exert
a wide influence over the rest. Think of the
great blessing of that robust health, that is
only to be oi)tained by a life in tin; open air,
among the liills flowers and trees, and remem-
ber wliat a great boon it will be to many, of
your sex, if they once learn that they can thus
be useful, and feel that their acciuired skill and
knowledge, places them, where they may not
feel depeiuient on others, no matter what re-
verses may overtake them in life.
Lewis Kelley, Smvrnia, Ionia Co., Mich. P.
110, Vol. 2.
C. Kendig, Naperville, Ills.

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

W. M. Keli.ogg, Oueida, Knox Co., Ills. P.
141, Vol.2.

D. N. Kkkn, Shiniersville, Lehigh Co., Pa. P.
57, 60, 70, 73, and 84, Vol. 2 ; 9, and 28, Vol. 8.

Friend K. seems to be the original inventor,
and for that matter the sole advocate at pres-
ent, of cloth curtains for keeping the bees from
the sun, and keeping oft" cold winds. The fa-
cility and (luietness ".vith which curtains can
be moved, it seems to us places them before
glass and shutters, that is if we really need to
give the bees sunshine between the months of
Nov. and March, a point on which we confess
to be undecided.

E. Kretciimer, Coburg, Montgomery Co., la.
A i !i matter of histoi'iccal reconl, I may state, that I

have owned Italian bees longer than any person in
Annriea. Being I'aised only Smiles Ironi the residence
of L»/-ieizon, of Carlsmarkt, Silesia, I had the pleas-
ure of seeing the lirst Italian bees ever brought to
Germany in 185.3. In the same year my father obtained
a Queen from Dzierzon, and on the 14th of March,
ISiyi, I received a swarm of pure Italian bees as a birth
day present. For my first (^ueen in America I paid
8150.00 gold, and in August 18H1, [then in the U. S. Ar-
my] I sold my first colony of Italian bees lor S150.00;
qiilte a diflerence from present prices.

We have decided to give the above a place,
j'et it seems to us unaccountable that Italians
should have been sold at such figures the same
year that the A. B. J. was started. We find
them advertised at that time on its pages at
indices not so very much in advance of the pres-
ent ones for full colonies. Was it not Confed-
erate money friend K. ?

Mr. & Mrs. D. P. Lane, Koshkonong, Rock
Co., Wis. P. 9, 51, 94, and 143, Vol. 2 ; 84, Vol. 3.
C. T. Lane, Koshkonong, Rock Co., Wis.
P. Lattner, Lattners, Dubuque Co., Iowa,
writes :

In the springe of '74 I started with 24 colonies mostly
weak, had i>lenty of empty combs [lost 110 colonies in
the spring of 1873 with tne dysentery] and took with
extractor 3040 lbs. of honey. Sold all but al)out
160 lbs. at 20 to 25c. i)er lb. Increased to 49 and put 48
In winter quarters, for the first time, in a dry cellar.
Examined them March 3rd, all right except one Queen-
less, brood in nearly all stages. My bees had not one
inch of comb to build. Increased artiticially, alter
the honey season was over. ICnclosed find Thoto lor
your Medley, if you think it won't "busf" it.

If the Medlcj' won't stand a report from such
a bee-keeper as you, friend L., it ought to be —
Ahem. We fear our veterans are not equal to
the task of 150 lbs. to the colony besides doub-
ling the stock, even if they do have combs
unlimited. Who can do better with 24 colo-
nies '{

E. LiSTON, Virgil City, Cedar Co., Mo.
P. Livingston, New Salem, Alb. Co., N. Y.
J. F. Love, Cornersville, Tenn.
W. S. LuNT, Fostoria, Hancock Co., O. Page
32, Vol. 3.

T. G. McGaw, Monmouth, Warren Co., Ills.
Pages 99, and 120, Vol. 2.

1 now have (>o stocks, and G nuclei. I expect to
winter and spring every one of these. I won't tell
you now how much honey I expect to take from them.

A. McMains, C^hariton, Lucas Co., Iowa. P. (50,
and 9(5, Vol. 2. From the cheerful tone of
friend M's letters we would not think of his
being deaf, yet the intense questioning look so
common in such cases is clearly seen in the
Photo. He writes :

I have not heard a word since I was about 15 years
oM and 1 am now near 34, but I can talk well. It will
1)11 a great pleasure to look ui)on the faces of the many
whose interesting articles we have been reading so
long.
Wv.v. ,T. Meador, Dover, N. H.

Dr. C. C. Miller, Chicago, Ills. Pages 9, 50,
57, and 140, Vol. 2, and 52, Vol. 3.
N. C. Mitchell, Indianapolis, Cincinnati, Co-
lumbia, Tenn., and finally Defiance, O., when
last heard from. Friend M. teaches sclwol for
the benefit of those benighted in the science of
bee culture, and also for the purpose of getting
130.00 for one lesson occupying less than two
hours. He also keeps very valuable receipts
for sale telling things that can never be found
in any Journal. You pay him the money (from
5 to $50.00) and then learn that he by mistake
left the precious papers at home but that they
will be sent first mail etc., etc. Our readers
may be astonished to learn that he does get
large sums in this way, and even from neigh-
borhoods where Gleanings circulates at that.
See pages 80, Vol. 1 ; 20, 32, and 128 Vol. 2 ; 22,
Vol. 3. We earnestly pray that Mr. M. may be
led to see the error of his ways, and become a
useful member of our branch of industry. He
is smart and talented and could easily make a
handsome income by raising honey and bees
honestly, instead of prowling about the country
as he does.

G. C. Miller, Mt. Hanley, Nova Scotia. Page
106, and 143, Vol. ».

J. P. Moore, Binghampton, N. Y. P. 118, 130,
and 143, Vol. 2.

W. P. Moore, M. D., Richland Station, Sum-
ner Co., Tenn. Page 110. Vol. 2.
J. E. MooRE, Rochester, Beaver Co., Pa.
TiiEo. MoLTz, West Fairview, Pa. Pages 80,
103, Vol. 2.

P. MoiiLER, Oneida, Knox Co., Ills.
CiiAs. F. MuTH, Cincinnati, O. Pages 10, 22,
33, 139, Vol. 2; 19, Vol. 3.
Samuel Mxjmma, Highspire, Dauphin Co., Pa.
Page 102, Vol. 2.

A. J. Murray, Memphis, Tenn., is widely
known as a writer on Apiculture. He says :

From experience during the war, [I was a "Johnny
Reb"] 1 found the bee-keepers ignorant. I was raised
among bees in Europe, and loved them, and as soon
as I had a home of my own, I began to study them
again closely, and 1 have given my experience
and advice for the past 5 years, through the columns
of the Hmdhvrn Farmer, 'Houthem CuHivnlor. Rural
Alubamian^ Our Home Journal, and Texas Farmer,
besides other papers that have lived and died some
time ago. I5y this means I have awakened an interest
in bee-keeiiing that was never known before, and the
interest continues to increase.
James Markle, New Salem, Alb. Co., N. Y.
J. H. Martin, ("Scientific") Hartford, N. Y.
P. 116, Vol. 2. Scientific is pretty well known
as a faithful and disinterested writer, in A. B.
J. i)articularly.
S. D. McClean, CuUeoka, Maury Co., Tenn.

By your rule of judging a bee-keeper by the tons of
honey he sells, you won't know where to locate me,
as I have never ni{«le a report of my success, but will
try and be content with the position assigned me.
J.McElratii, Asbury, N. J.
Native Australian.

We should like very much to be al)le to state
positively that this individual is a bee-keeper
but to conless the truth the picture was only
st nt us by our subscriber in Australia, (page
124, Vol. 2), and he neither said he icas or was
■not a bee-kii'iicr, but we give him the benefit of
the former suiiposition. It strikes us that bee
veils, with extensive "coat tails" to 'cm might
])e in l)risk tlemand in a country where such
simplicity ('r') of dress is in vogue.
J. II. Nellis, Canajoharie, jVIontgomery Co.,
N. Y. Page 32, Voi. 3.

1875.

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

NoviCF. ANn Jk.irH Eyks.

But what has TiUu; Eyes to do witli Bee Cul-
ture, sonic may asky Well, not inueh as j'et,
but as it so hapjuMU'd, that she lirst opened
those blue or])s, to the li<?ht ol" tliis world, on
the very (A/.y, tiiat Ui.kanings Vol. 1, No. one,
came from the printing otlice, she became asso-
ciated, and <?rew with GLE^VNiNds, in the alVec-
tious of her pai)a. Accordingly at a very early
<lay, she visited tlie bees with him, and shared
bis pleasures and enthusiasm. Up to this date
she has, strangely, never been stung. Should
it please God to permit her to talk to you all
on these pages, at some future time, as does
her papa now, that day will indeed be a happy
one to both her parents. Mrs. N., has been
deterred from taking a very active part in the
duties of the Apiary, principally by the very
severe, and almost alarming effect of a single
sting. She is promising now however, to make
an attempt to become inured to the poison, a
point on which, although her faith is very-
faint. Novice's, is unbounded.
H. Nesbit, Cynthiana, Ky. A valued friend
who has been through the "ups and downs" of
the business, but who we think is getting to be
a prett}- cool and steady hand of late.
.Miss Ida F. Noyes, Detroit, Mich. A friend
furnishes the following:

Several years ago she obtained a colony of bees in a
box hive. " I transferred it for her. The number of
colonies was increased the first season to three or
tour; then came a severe winter and all of them died.
This of course, was discouraging to a beginner, and,
to say the least, her opinion of bee culture was at
"low tide." She then changed her location for the
purpose of attending high school, and the subject of
bees was dropped for a time. Hapiiening however to
read a bee item of mine, her interest was re-uwakened,
and, though for a long time she kei)t very still on the
subject, she says "I very soon became so interested in
Apiculture that I read anything and everything I
could find relating to the subject, and at last have
come to the conclusion that bee-keeping is the very
best kind of business to follow, and since it allows
much leisure during the winter months, one can de-
vote considerable attention to general literai-y culture."

She now has an interest in a modest little Apiary
and is succeeding finely.

OuK FiiiEND Charlie, is not a bee-keeper ei-
ther, but he comes very near it, for he carries
the frames, hives, extractors, honey etc., etc.,
to the station, and brings the tin, lumber, sug-
ar etc., besides the paper, tj'pe and all the ma-
terials for printing the "Bee Cultivator" as he
terms it. Charlie has seen bees a few times but
he has never got hurt and we consider him
almost one of us.

D. D. Palmer, Eliza, Mercer Co., Ills., has
written some pleasant articles entitled "Chips
etc." lie is familiarly known through the
Journals. He writes us March 1st.

Lost all mv bees two years ago; last winter lost 60
out of 95, the" 35 left I increased to 100 and got 3000 lbs.
slung honey and 600 lbs. box honey, 3600 lbs. in all,
bees are in cellar, no sign of disease.
Geo. Parratt, Winamac, Pulaski Co., Ind.
Page 9, Vol. 2.

Melvin Parse, Pine Bluff, Ark.
T. PiERsoN, Ghent, Summit Co., O. Page 23
and 58, Vol. 2.

Wra. Payne, Spencer, Medina Co., O. Page
92, and 118, Vol. 2.

E. S. Pope, Indianapolis, Ind.

A. J. Pope, Indianapolis, Ind. P. 144, Vol. 2.
M. L. Raub, Bolivar, Alley Co., N. Y.
Mrs. M. L. Raub, Bolivar^ Alley Co., N. Y.
J. T. Rose, Petersburg, Monroe Co., Mich.

Mr. & Mrs. M. Richardson, Port Colborne,

Welland Co., Canada. Page 120, Vol. 2.

L. (-. Root, Mohawk, Herkimer Co., N. Y.

Page 27, Vol. n.

S. KowEM,, Faribault, Rice Co., Minn. Page

9, and 105, Vol. 2.

Mrs. S. Rowei.l, Farihault, Rice Co., Minn., is

the woman that is going to get an Organ with

the proceeds of a single hive, (page 13, Vol. 3),

and she will get it too, or we are no judge of

"?in<>-man nature."

Ciiah. II. Rue, Manalapan, N. J. P. 108, Vol. 3.

W. 11. Sedgwick, Granville, O.

r don't feel as though I was one of you yet, until I
can say I have had loo lbs. 8urj)lus from a fiive. I en-
close a rhoto of my "precious self;" Mrs. S. thinks
that will be the best looking man in your collection.

Mrs. S. is quite right ; we hope every woman,
aye, and every man too, feels a preference for
the fellow being whose happiness God has so
intimately interwoven with their own.
E. A. Sheldon, Independence, Buchanan Co.,
Iowa. Pages 57, 96, and 131, Vol. 3.
Mrs. E. A. Sheldon, Independence, Buchanan
Co., Iowa.

W. F. Standefer, Dry Grove, Hinds Co., Miss.
Mrs. W. F. Standefer and Son, Dry Grove,
Hinds Co., Mississippi.

I send you Photo of my wife who helps me with bees
when she is able [being consumptive] and my oldest
child Sylvester, who attends my Queen nurscrj-. and
either sets to rights any irregularity in Apiary or re-
ports to us ; shows visitors around in my absence,
opens hives, exhibits Queens, explains the use of
extractors, smokers, cages, etc. Many are as much
astonished at the child, as the Apiary ; he Is 8 years
old, began working with bees at 7 and is now running
2 colonies on his own account.

A. M. Stf,ed, Front Royal, Warren Co., Va.
Page 124, Vol. 2, and 23, Vol. 3.
Spencer Strong, Akron, Fulton Co., Ind.
J. M. C. Taylor, Lewiston, Maryland.
Wm. Troyer, Annawan, Henry Co., Ills.

I like bees. Was the first to introduce Bee Journals,
Frame hives, Italian Bees and Extractors in this town-
ship. At one time 1 had 110 swarms, but the winter of
1871-2 nearly cleaned me out.

Mrs. Ellen S. Tupper, Des Moines, Iowa,
has by her labors through the medium of differ-
ent periodicals, and at associations and colleges
made herself widely known and gained a great
number of friends. Her life has been, and
probably will be one full of active work, many
times it seems more laborious and full of busi-
ness cares than one of her sex ought to bear.
Her health of late has been poor and we trust
her friends en masse would be glad to see her
take more rest, and enjoy her bees more in
peace and quietness, undisturbed by busy
traffic.

Her daughter. Miss Kate N. Tupper, a grad-
uate of the Iowa Ag. College, is now studying
Medicine. May her life be as useful and yet
unclouded with the many cares that have at
times devolved on her mother.

Rev. J. Van Eaton, York, liivingston Co.,
N. Y., although a minister seems always run-
ning over with fun as may be seen from the
sketch from his pen on page 28, Vol. 3, and the
following which accompanied the Photo.

On the opposite page Is the last development in
that line of Darwin s system of evolution. It is all I
have. I use them as posters on marriage certificates.
It must be nt safe distance from Grimm and Gallup
and all the aristocracy ofthegi-eat bee-dom^perhaiw
youM Ijpttcr sli)) It round on t'other side. If I only
could whisper to V. G., tliat same picture might stantl
a nice chance for display.

G

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

1875.

W. S. Wakd, Fuller's Station. N. Y.
Geo. T. Wiikklku & Wife, Mexico, N. Y. P.
39, W), Vol. 2.

R. Wir.KiN & Wife, Oscaloosa, Iowa. Friend
^Y. too, lias seen the "iips and downs," espec-
ially the latter, but we hope to liear he is
iraproviuii of late. P. 24. 33, 82, 93, 96, 103, lOG.
.T. WiNFiELD, Hubbard, O.
W. D. WiUGUT, Knowersville, Alb. Co., N. Y.
P. 50, Vol. 2.

The following- names were omitted by mis-
take, or were sent in after the above were in
type.

Miss Annie C. Mann, Yarmouth Centre, Ont.,
Canada.

I began with 2 swarms and have In four seasons
worked up to 28. I am strictly a "novice" at the busi-
ness, and the worst is, the more experience I have the
less r seem to understand it. "That bee disease" has
not been in my Apiary. I winter out of doors on their
.^itands. I use the Thomas hives, double and single.
Trefer the single for wintering. I bought nn extract-
or lately, and am going to try to use it next summer.
1 wisli I could see some one else use it lirst. I am so
ijleased that "P. G." is a lady, I do not know of one
lady in Canada who keeps bees, tho' there may be.
A. A. Rice, Seville, Medina Co., O.

Mr. R. has been in the business but few years,
but if our veterans could make every thing
succeed as he does, they ought to. be happy.
His Alsike Clover gives him barrels of honey
and bushels of nice seed, his Long Idea hives,
work to a charm, he winters without loss, and
wc really begin to suspect that that pleasant
wife of ills, (Mks. a. a. Rice,) has something
to do with it all.

George Stkat, Girard, Branch Co., Mich.
Mus. D. N. Kekn. Her husband sends the
following :

My wife said she thought it was not quite fair, that
slie thought she did take as much interest in the "cur-
ttiiii arrangement Apiary" as I. and so I send both.

Quite right friend K., Ave certainly Avish to
give the ladies every possible encouragement.
Another "Blue Eyes," daughter of W. H.
Sedgwick, Granville, O. He writes :

I think I never opened a hive last summer that she
was not right at my side, in tlie way.
"Ouch!" is taken from a Chromo published by
J. F. Ryder, 239 Superior St., Cleveland, O. It
tells its own story.

In conclusion dear friends, allow us to say
that we are aware of having picked up these
brief sketches, in a very hap-hazard way. The
thought only recently occurred to us, and
amid a crowd of business wc have picked tip
whatever happened to lay conveniently. If we
Ikivc omitted now and then to say a word in
regard to some of our best friends, excuse it on
the ground that nothing lay convenient to hand.
Besides a lot that we wanted to say, and liad
Nrritteu, was clipped off for want of room.

TAUT^li: OI<^ I'ltlOiMIXJM:©.

Our reasons for deciding to offer Presents arc as
follows: Many names are sent us out of pure good
will, .saying they tliink it a iileasnre to assist and don't
want recompense. Now it is some trouble to write a
letter, i)ay jiostage, get a money order etc., and we
jirefer to pay every one for sucli service; yet you
know we cannot send you 5 or lOe. by mail as pay.
IJut we can send sometliing to your little girl or boy
tliat will cost but little, and yet may jdcase them more
than a "whole dollar." We have l)een for years in tlie
Jewelry business and hoiie our taste and ability to
select "useful, i)lcasing and instructive i)resents may
prove happily directed. You can count all subscrip-
tions sent during the year, and Iku'U volumes, the same
:is the present one ; as tor instance, if two of you send
for \'ols. 1, 2 anil :i each, it will make a club of i;, and

will entitle you to any of the $'M articles, jiroviding
you iiay 7.'>c. for each X'ol. Whc-re no |)rcmium is
wanted wc send all thre'j Vol's for t2.00 including
Lithograph. Designate Ijy number what premium is-
wanted; if you leave it to us, we may send you some-
thing you have already. Only those wlio liavc ma<ie
out ten names, are entitled to" send them at 50c. each.
Otherwise, wo shall only send it for 8 montlis.

TABLiE] of Premcuins and Terms.

I¥«» Exceptions— N® Competition.^ ~

^ 'H
Open to all. '^ §

IVames of Premium Ar/ic!es. ~

iVb. Anp of /hem sent fn'e on rrc't of price.
1 — IJtho'iraph of Apiortj, Iini>le}ni'iits etc, 30

2— "That Present.'''' lExplains itself) 30

'i~Small Horseshoe Magn4:t. a mieniific toy'if)
4 — A Fimjer Rimj of Coin Silcer, our

onni make 30

5— Emerson's Binder for (iUKANiNGS,

wiU hold + Volumes 50

(■>— " " better qualiti/ 60

"i—Poeket Ma(/nH't/in(/ Glass 60

S—Ani/ Volume o/ Gleanings 75

'.}—Best QiiAility Emerson's Biruier for j

Gleanings 751

10— Pra/r of Gold plated Sleei'e buttoyts, I

small size but dnrabhi plated 75 1

11— Co('n Silver Wateh Chain, plain and j

veni lif/ht $1.00!

Vi—Doulile Lens Maiinifier. on :i braxK feet 1.00
13— iVio/o Mrillvfiof Amerien liee- Keepers 1.00
\i—Pen and ease, ^forll)n's Make, j>en (/oM,

ease ])laled. ". ... 1.00'

\r>—Gohl toothpiek. in plated case 1 .00

16— Plain Gold Rinq. our (urn make, ii(/hi,

but full IS Kfn^ ". . . 1.50

^'i—An■|/ two back Volunu^s of Cleanings i.5o

IS— Case of Drairiu'i Instruments 1.75

19 — A real Comjxntnd Microscope, beauti-
fully fluialied. and packed ivith Imple-

n a Mahof/any box 3.50

20— ,4n Achromatic Telescope, finished like

above 3.50

21 — A coin silver Watch Chain, two sti-and,

with Slide and tips, our own make... 3.50i

Numbei-

of Sub-

scribers

required

at

or

at

50c.

7Bc.

10

2

10

2

10

'■i

10

2

20

3

25

4

25

+

30

5

30

35

ft

35

r>

35

«

«i

35

(i

35

ft

40

7

40

7

50

K

100

10

100

10

100

10

Index to Vol. a GlL,E2A.lVI]VCiS.

Auiary, How to Conduct 3, 15, 27, 37, 49, 61, 73, 85,

97", 100. 121, 133.

Apiarv, Our Own 11, 23, 30, .35, 40, 42, 52, 63, 77,

86. 98, "ill, 123,131;.

Apiary, Capital needed to start on lOO

" " Shall we allow Poultry in Ki

" Report from ." 9.'!

" A scene in tlie 88

" Locating an 81

" Photo's of 21

Abbreviations in Bee corresiiondencc 40

Aster 142

Adam Grimm, Report from 127

Artilicial Fertil izatlon 20, 144

" Swarming f)8,

" Pasturage 28

" Heat, for building up a colony in winter — 5

Alsike Clover 28

Bees, What is a hive of worth 4

" i; ve and Oats for 42

" (iivlng them a "fly" in winter 15

" Candv for 18

Wings etc 19

" Raising in a hot-bed 27, 52, 5.'?

'• Jk) not mnka lionev 112

And cider ". 114, 13r.

" Can be kept in a city 34

" In Texas 69

" Killing their Queens, remedy lor 7i»

" How far will they go home si

" Moving in working season 81

Starch for 69, 107

" Shipping Soulli to winter !19

Water for 74, 78, 120

" Anil things away over the water 124

" Flying in coulinemcnt 125, 126, 142

Hot-lied for 127

Housing for winter 136

Flying under glass 126, 139, 136, 138

" Moving fo- fall pasturage 129

Bee Stings etc 128

" Feed, cheap a '>

" Correspondence, Abbreviations 40

" Houses ^'^^

" Rustic 17

INDEX TO VOL. IT. GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

lice Houses. Piiinlin^ lloor etc 17

" iJisease, Kxperiment «)n 139

•• Journals 11, 2:?, 4-i, M

" Keepers, Muill we have a dep't lor box hive y.-.Hi

" Olsheiuiiuloah \'allev l'.!4

" OrOiiondjiKaCo.. N. V 140

'"■ Keeplnfr in Callloniui. KiS, 13i)

SSrooU Jteariiifr l-2i

" Anil ToUeii 125

" Or eggs for Queen rearing W

IJhistei 1 Hopes 8, 3-2, 44, 55, 7!>

JJox Honey i;52, i:55

" " Last appeal lor 104

JUizz saw lor liive niakini; 31, 4'2

IJoth sides of the (luestiou 5'2

Blue Thistle 130

IJasket lor carrving the combs 5'J, (>{

( "at nip. Cult i vaiion ol" 33, 110

Honey 130

Conventions 7, Oct. cover

< 'lijiping t^>ueen"s wings *. .7, 11), 3'2

< 'onibs and lioney from diseased colonies tit)

Com b building 91, 9(5, 140

<;olonies, How to malie 98

Uniting 1-21

" strong 41

How to winter loo 54

<,"omb guide.s, Ueeeipt for making 11

< 'andied lioney, inelting ;i3

<\)nilis, .'~haU we buibl or buy them 44, 110

Changing Two story to Horizontal hives 43, 50

Clover seed " 10'2

" And Italians 102

Cider, deleterious to bees 135

<'utliiig winter passages, Tool for 140

Dry ^ugar feeding 18

Dadan t's divisible Quin by fi ames -9

'•Dollar Queens" 23, April and June cover, 70, 132

*'l)ol lar" Extractor .' . .05

Division boards 74, 123, 143

Does an Extractor ]iay 79

lioor steps for hives. .". 83

Double width two-story hives 104

Da\ i?' Transi/osilion process 107

1 disadvantage of two-story hives 117

Doolittle's Heport 12;}, i:i5, 138

Exchanges 2

Editorial (i, IS, 30, 42, 54, ti«, 78, 90, 102, 114, i2ti, 138

Eggs by mail 10, 71, 90, 95, IKi

Extracting 60

Tent lor 142

Extractor lor Sl.tiO (30

Does it i)ay 79

Extracted versus comb honey 95

Entrance blocks 71

••Elbow room"' lor the Queen 79

Exi)eriments witli bees iimler glass 13<i, 137, liiS

In regard to the Bee disease 139

I'R.AME, Stan1'.\1(I>, Can we agree on?. "20, '28, 38, 50, 02

triiuies, tiiangular 70

!• e< (ling '28

Meal 42

•' In lall 140

" In the o[ien air 58, 70

" Dry sugar 18

feeders, Tea-Kettle 72

Our L niversal 10-2, 142

Kreezing out the moth miller 96

fertile workers 120

(.lUilty or not guilty / 16

Grape vines. Pruning the "27

For shade 76,88

'• Trellis lor 76

(Jetting ready for winter 90, 97

Cireat number of liueen cells 98

(iiand children of apure t^ueen, never black. ..118, 119

<iolden Rod and Aster 142

Honey Column 9, -24, 3:J, 43, 92, 103, 114, r27

Humbugs & .Swindles 8, 20, 32, 46, 80, 1-27

lleatls of Grain 9, 21, 3;!. 47. 57, tj9, 81, 93, 105, 117. 1-29, 141
Hives, Can we agree on a Stasdakd:-'..'23, 28, 38,50,t;2

Straw 9, 102

" About making good 16

•' hinglc story versus two storv 23, 29, ."55, 38,

S9, .50, 51. 101.

J lives. Tall for wintering ...."29

" Buzz Saw for making 31, 42

*' tjuinby'.s Non-swarming 36, 42

(.'hanging two story to horizontal 43

" Clieap paint for 53

How large shall we make them ? 29, 138

tjuestion 110

Suspended 74

Honey jtlants, Vetch 10

Eabels 12

" '•^trained" •24.

Honey, about ! 15

•• Fall i-.A

" Candied ;B

" AN ine and Brandy Casks lor 11

" Care of after extracting 115

'• 'VN ho buys and who sells !^2

" To i)revent candying lij-i

" The great crop Irom Calilornia i:;9

House for meal feeding 4'i

How to make a Wax Extractor 44

" " " Queen cage Cover of June No.

" " '• .straw mats (9,8-2

" " " Colonies i)8

" " Winter 100 colonies without loss 54

" " ".Spring" 100 " " " ui

" " Get tlie bees off the combs 94

" " Sell nice wax ',)4

" " Advertise honey 114

How the mollis nearly got the better of us 77

How large shall we make our hives 138

Hemp for pollen 11-.J

Ikntsing bees for winter l.'iO

Jtallan.s and Bed clover 1(,'2

Imported Queens, color lu;

Implements, Devices and Suggestions 14(»

In troi hieing Queens 118

Introduction of Virgin Queens f;{

King Bird found guilty 110

Luck in wintering KVi

Manure on llie Brain 5()

••Novice" Queens 70

Letters to lui

Primary Department 76, 88, 100, li3, 1-22

Pasturage, early 93

Problems ." 5, 52, 63, cover to July N o., 143

Concerning '22, 28, ;«, 44

" Answers to Sti

Poultry, a short chapter on 15

Pollen 53

A timely word in regard to 72

" Can it be wintered out of the hive ? y)

" AN'liy is it lacking? ;<{

" Its relation to brood-rearing 116

" And brood 1-25

" Want of in winter 141

Quilts 11, -io, 75

•' Old carpet 1 or 13i>

' And propolis 11, -^3

Queen Bearing 67

" Cells, gi-eat number of 98

" •• Why do bees gnaw them down ? 1^2y

Queens Sl.OO 12, 24. 36, Cover to April No., 54

'• Losing US

" Are the jtl.oo inferior ? i:«

" Losingwhile extracting 132

" Who will rear them in the South ? ^^4, 36

'• Cover April, May, June Nos.

" Virgin introduction of 43

'* Cages 54, M

'• Shall they be reared from the egg? t9

" By mail 90

Boll of Honor 59, Cover of June No.

Bobbing, A piece about ;j7

Beceijits, selling .5

" For making comb guides 11

Reports Encouraging 9, 32, 46, 5J, 140

Straw mats (9, ••2

Strait combs 140

Shipping bees South to winter Ii9

Smokers, All about t>8

Swai"ming out in spring 5;'., 141

'• A grape vine IVi

Sugar syrup versus honey for wintering 55

Smothering new swarms 94

Temperature 18

'• For Queen cells 119

Tent for extracting 142

Transferring lOO

To prevent honey candjing 102

Universal Feeder 102, 142

Unsealed stores 1'20, i:«»

Uniting colonies 121

Vetch as a honey plant 10

Value of little attentions 81

Ventilating cellars 11j9

Water for bees 74

Wintering 16, 15, 35, 41, .54

" Out-door, remarks in regard to I.'j9

In Long hives 101,120

What I have done 74

Wire cloth division boards 74

Wormwood for smoking bees 68, 143

Waxing barrels 86

AVax, nice, how to sell 94

What to do Willi the sugar syrup in spring Its

\\liy do hives smell sour? Vi'J, 139

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

1875.

ImiJlcments for the Apiary.

In presenting this list, we would remark that we
have carefully thrown out or remodeled every things
foun'l in any "way defective, and we oflfer nothing that
Are do not approve of and use in Our Own Apiary.

We can ship promptly, by Freight, Express or Mail,
(none mailable except those designated) goods men-
tioned in the following list. Hives, Extractors, etc.,
can be sent much cheaper by freight, but in this case
they should be ordered three or four weeks before
nee'ded, if the distance is considerable. During the
months of April, May and June, orders maj- some-
times be delayetl several days, but our customers may
rely upon receiving notice at once on receipt of all
remittances.

At the prices given below, cash 7nust accompany/
eiierp order ; as the sending of goods C. O. D. entails
an additional expense, and goods many times fail to
be taken, we must be excused for refusing to send any
that way. When hives or frames .are ordered in (juan-
tities, th« additional expense of boxlng.is such tliat we
can make no better rates on large orders. Orders for
frames or hives of dimensions differing from those
named, will also be liable to some additional delay,
especially during the "Honey months."

As much diversity of opinion still exists regarding
hives, so far as size and 6ha|)e are concerned, we shall
still furnish the five different shapes of "Dollar
Hives," as described in our circular for 1874, which
will still be mailed on application.

To those who ask our opinion, we would state tliat,
as yet, we have no sufficient reason for preferring any
thing to what we have callea the Standard. Prices
as follows:
In order to lia!«ten tlie introductiou of the

Apiarian Implements, we make the following offer.
Standard Hive, including bottom-board, door-step,
blocks, and all the stand that we think is needed to

keep it from the ground S'2.00

Twenty frames for above 5 Mc-. each 1.15

Sample Frame, by mail 1'2

Quilt 40

Or all complete except painting, for 3.50

The same in a bundle including nails, hinges, etc, 3.25
Extractor ma<le expresslv for Standard frames,

(holds frame 13M wide, by Ilk deep) $9.00

Any deviation from above, be it only 1-16 ot an inch,
will be only at our regular list prices.
Frames of any desired dimensions, with Metal

Corners 06

Sample frame with section of metal rabbet, in-
cluding sample of transferring clasps, (by mail) — 15
To save the expense of shipping so great a bulk,
frames will be packed ready to be put together, unless
hives to contain them are to be sent made up, but the
price will be the same in either case.
Metal Corners put up in packages of 100, i. e.

enough for 25 frames, (by mail 20 cts. extra) 1.00

Per 1000 9.00

Per 10,000 80.00

Cast Iron Blocks for putting Metal Cornered

frames together, (by mail 10 cts. extra) 15

With every order lor 100 frames or more, one of the
above will be included without charge.
Rabbets for frames to rest on, made of folded

8ti"ips of metal, per running toot 02

Folding the strips adds greatly to the strength, be-
sides furnishing a smooth, hard "surface for tlie end ol
the frame to strike when replacing it, and preventing
the bees gumming the )>rojecting ends of the frames,
as well as the supporting edge. In ordering, name
hiKjtli desired.
Quilts for any of the hivcB mentioned, (by mail

6 cts. extra) 25

The same double width 40

" triplewidth 60

Metal (;lasps for trauBferring, package of 100,

(by mail 10 cts. extra) 25

These are made to fit our frames or any other just
Ji of an inch.

Novice's Honey Knife by mail 1.00

Half dozen, by express 5.00

We will add that our Honey Knives are sulliciently
keen and sharp to uncap lioney with facility, without
resorting to water, either hot or cold. The handle is
of Ebony, and the whole is very strong and lincly
llnished.

Tinned iron hoops made expressly to go around
top of can for Extractor, two sizes, 17 and 20
inch, each 50e., per doz 5.00

Tea-Kettle Bee-Feeders that will feed a colony
under favorable circumstances 25 lbs., or suffic-
ient for winter, in ien hours 1.00

Extractors for any of the frames mentioned lO.OO

These machines are all of metal, and as the bearing&
are all of tempered steel, they are very light and easy
rnnning. The gearing has been recently, considerably
improved, and every part is most especially arrangetSf
for rapid and easy work, while strength and durability
liave been duly considered. It may be as well to in-
form our feminine friends that the machine was not
only much of it designed, but its construction has
been constantly supervised by one of their own sex,
who assists in the extracting department of our own
Apiary. The entire weight of the machine is only
about 16 lbs., and the entire inside work and gearing^
may be lifted out, leaving a stout tin can with a sub-
stantial bottom, and iron bound at the top, worth for
a variety of purposes, nearly what the whole machine
costs.
We can furnish a cheaper fomi, with flat bottom

can, of cheap tin, for 6.00

There has been so little demand for these that we
have not kept them on hand.
Gearing for Extractor, including all castings to

fasten it to the can (by mail 40c. extra) 1.5(>

In ordering Extractors, castings, or inside work,
give outside dimensions of frame or frames to be usecJ
in them.
With inside revolving frame and steel pivots,

bearings, wire cloth, and all except the Can 5.00

Galvanized iron wire cloth, made expressly for

Extractors, per square foot [by mail 5c. additional] 15
Fine tinned wire cloth for Queen cages, same price.
Molasses Gates for Extractors (by mail 20c. extra) . . ..50
Superior White Oak barrels for honey, hold 375 lbs. 2.50

The same waxed and painted 4.00

Spring Balances, a nice article 8.00

These Scales are made weather proof and when ar-
ranged to suspend a moderate sized colony, may be
left out all summer; as the ligures on the dial are
plain and large we can see at a distance the average
yield of honey per stock, each day or ho^ireven ; when
weighing stocks for winter, they shorten the work
very materially.
Scissors for clipping Queen's wings. These are

small, line steel and very tine pointed, by mail 40

Lithograph of Apiary, Implements etc., by m.ail 30

Alsike Clover seed, iJte best, less than 10 lbs., per lb. 35
" " " " over " "..,.30

" " " " by mall, postpaid "....50

Summer Rape seed, per lb., by mail, in cloth bag 35

" " " " by express 15

Queen Register Cards, [for description and illus-
tration see cover of June No., Vol. 2.] per doz 10

Lamp Nursery lor hatching Queen cells 5.00

This is a double hive made of tin, with a space be-
neath the walls to hold water. A lamp keeps the
water at any desired temperature at an expense of
about one cent per day. Without a doubt, the machine
would hatch eggs, (perhaps it wonld also scratch food
for the chickens) we haven't yet tried it, but it hatches
every thing in the "bee line" quite satisfactorily.
See description in Vol. 1, page 74. In ordering give
accurately length of top bar to frame.
Queen Cages, [see cover to June No.] each by mail.. 12
Galvanized tacks, just the thing for the Apiary,

(by mail 2c. extra) 10

Thermometers (by mail 3c. extra) 40

Universal Feedei" (by mail 3c. extra) 10

We believe, and hope this inexpensive arrangement
may prove fully adecpiate, for all purposes, tor de-
scription, see page 102, Vol. 2.

Me<lley of Photo's of Bee-keepers, size 8 by 10 l.OO

Bee Veils, (see cover to May No. Vol. 2, and page

2, Vol. 1), by mail ." 75

Wax Extractor, for description see April No. of

Vol. 2 3^0

Honey Labels, with name and address, per 1000 3.00

By mail 25c. per M. extra. Samples free.

Small Larva; for Queen rearing, by mall 35

These can only succeed in warm weather, say .lune,
July, Aug. and Sept. The piece of comb containing
tliein will be safely packed in a wooden box.

We filwdys ronsider it an especial favar to have
cuHtomem in far in ww by jwst-td card wlieilifr goods
(tre satufactary ; whether our mode of packing is
cfflfiient ; tims tnksn in transit ; ichetlier Express
or FrciqJit charges were rensonable, etc., ete.

Bespectfitlly, A. I. Root & Co.

or how to_Realize the Most Money with the Smallest Expenditure of Capital
and Labor in the Care of Bees, Rationally Considered.

B^S" .4.. I. I^OOT & CO-

OT

Mar* asfg'®

In tlie Preparation of this Journal the following are the Principal Periodicals Consulted :
Aaa^a^lC^aa B"©© ^roil^mal® Clarke, and Mrs. Tupper.

Mm-m 'W&WiM® a. F. Moon & Co.

{Also Bound Volumes of the former since 1860, aiid Files of all other Bee Journals th^it have been

Published in America.]

C O IV T

Page.

Friend KelloKg's Bee yard etc <)1

Our own Apiary (U

(Jiillts 01

Freezinj? the brood (j'i

Introducing Queens (>2

I'ollen substitutes (ki

Feeding in cold weather 6.'5

Ti. L. Lanpstroth '!■'{

l-eaky covers <>4

How "to fret ftlonjc well (U

IIow to build worker combs profitably r>5

Tennessee and the Mltrrat^ry plan...." (iS

Labels, Queens, and California honey C.5

The dwindling down in our own Apiary 6()

Double and single walls (iG

E :iv T S s

Page.

Comb foundations 66

Combs for new colonies *>•>

Automatic Swarm catcher and hiver <'"

About Hivrs 6^

Honev, how to sell in May 68

Humbugs and Swindles 68

IJeports p:ncouragIng 68

Heads of (irain 69

Honey from the soft maple 69

Pollen from the Elm 70

Fifteen colonies from one 70

Cider and bees ■ 70

Coal-dust and sawdust for pollen 70

House or box for meal feeding 71

Transferring 72

ADVERTISERS' DEPARTMENT.

H%y\n\t\ .TiATTKits.

Wk f-;ifiti(>t,, !it pnrscrit, reccivr; inonoy iov
Qu(;<!iiH, nor can wc in Jiisl/ice ^ivo a [ir<;ferenco
amon'^ onr advcrl/iscrs ; our readers can
rcMt aMHiii-(!fl that all who oOV;r Queens in
OliKANiN(is, we know to be trustworthy.

Ai.r, adverlisinj^ and HiiltHcriptions mvM be
paid \'i>y ill, nilmmri . W yon do not ask to be
inadt; an e,\cej)t,i(n) to our ^^em-ral rule, we.siiail
T^; Mpared tl»<; f>aiii of n-fusin;^ to accommodate-
ufV"'"'l> '" what H«;emHto him a triflinj^ matter.
We arc, not ill-tnituntd, but wiien our income
1h made u[) offxily a few <;entH prollt on each
tratiHacMon, tljat llttlt; must be nure, and not
(;nciimlteri<l by any snc.li lat)orious machinery
U4 kcc|)ini^ a(v,(ninl,H. Loolf. over tlit; i)ric(' lists
we Ktmd you, obs(rrv(! can'fnlly the conditions
we liavc! been oUli^efl to re((uire, and we will
take j^rcjit pleasure in ^ivinj^ you every tiling
in our line itt, tlu' vi-ry lowest rate possible.

Wio think Mr. (^ninby in his new circular
nnignldes tin; dillicuity or^ctting out the first
<v)mb in suspended frame hives. W(( experi-
enc<' so lit. lie dilTleulty of this kind in onr own
Apiary tiial, we hav<! scarcely thought of it,
and wc can hardly reniend)er to have heard the
objection meidioned by others, yet hives with
Hus|)en(led frames are in use; by thousands.
We have taken the pains to make iiKjuiry of
o\\Y neighi)()rs, ami even those who do not use
the UKtlal corners, say, since they havc^ sirait-
cned 1,l;eir eombs as tlu'y should be, they never
think of having any dillicuity of (his kind.

We like his Smoker l)ecanse it is "right to
the point" and does not get sparks on the saw-
dust and (juilts; we dislike it lu'cause it is a
l)olher t(» keep it going, because it gets tilled
np with soot, and because it costs f 1.50, but
ntUil somebody can give us something clieaj)-
•M* and better, we shall ailvise it for those who
are not sjilislled with the bits of rotten wt)od
In a pan, or the Hulfalo chijis recommended by
.Mr. Langstroth. and described by 1). I^yons
Browne on page 1»2, Vol. 2. I'rice of Quinby
iSmoker f 1.50, by mail f l.tU). We keei) Ihoin
at tlu'se prices.

''^FltlO'SlI AUKIV.\l,S'f FOR Tllli:

jni:ui.i:Y.

"UST as our Medley was nearly llnislied, our
tVlend Ijangstroth appeared, and at his
earnest reijuest we have consented to ilelay it,
until some ol the piouetTs in the early days of
the Italians in this country, and several others
can be add<'d. The following are at hand.

KniiUK Pakmki.kk, No. l!i Westl>Stli Street,
N. \. City, writes as follows:

ir you )>ut mi>H In your jcroni) who liavo no
uun-e I'l.'iliu ihofo tlian I, you will bo at Ica.'it "a
l.lvoii-.;in>l sironn." S»ii-1\ an "aviiiy, if all pnUiuir one
w.-n.ouclit to movo somelMuj;-. Tlio l>i>e has l)i'iM»
wttti \ii«> a sourro of veero.ition, as iiiusli" or am otlior
taste Willi ollu-rs. lUit little tli.it I- >;oiu.c osi-apes my
tittei\lKMi. I wish wo eouM eoiuUluo in an oiTort tii
sttuix t\iUv the lioo ot' every eoui\ti-y .iml not vest sat-
Istloil w Uh our present know leiijro. Tliore uiav not bo
,Hi\y u\ouey In the l;ivjre b(>e ot' ^lam l.itol\ uotleeil In
one ot ouv .)ouv;ials, 'i>r In the lioe tVonitho Islo of
t\v|>ress. but It w oiihl be a saiistaetlou to know as
Intlutat-ly tholi- habits and what nan vU" our oouutry
Is suited to iluMu. .IS we know tlie bees \to now handle
lor protlt HUil (iloasuiv.

U. U. Mki.i.kn. .Vinboy.T.ee Co., Ills., expres-
ses very nearly our views, but ho doift toll

what to do when you are near cider mills.

This winter has jiwt about cleaned out all the bee-;
in ttii-i nacxion. C lusa, want of care and nothing els ■.
Many hfire. as well as elsewhere, seem to think thit,
.tacc/essful b^je-keepSnif, is a mystery. Give me goo \
colonies and plenty of stores (as Muth say.si in the fall,
and a flark dry and warm cellar. That Is the mystery
of winterini^ lK;es. If the honey is cidered there is ni>
mystery. If I leed poor hay to my cows or any other
htock, is St a mystery that tiiey come out of the winter
"Hprin{< poor I'" and especially if I have not given them
profxjr [trotectioii ? llo^t no swarms the past winter
and all are in tirst rate condition, plenty of honey an(t
young l>ees. Ifuve feil three bushels of oat anil rve
"meal. R. H. M April 17th, 18^5.

A. C. Atwood, Vanneck, Ontario, Canada.

Geo. AVii.i.i.\m Hornee, Dubuque, Iowa,
a full fledged Vankeeized Dutchman is herewith
forwarded to Medina, (Jhio, and entrusted to your
tender care. He is Metho<listic by profession and a
teetotaler in pracii(;e and has been tor over ten years,
enjoys a hearty laugh and when he '•smiles'^ It is not
througti a tumbler.

J. II. Tii(>M.\s, Brooklyn, Canada West.

Pkok. J. P. KiKTLAND, East Rockport, Cuy-
ahoga Co., O., see page 18, Vol. 3.

N. E. Pkentice, Castalia, Erie Co., O., page
51 and 105, Vol. 2.

.A.ID"VEItTISE3^^ElSTTS.

Advertisements will be received at the rate of ten
cents i>er line, Nonpariel 8))ace. each insertion, cash
in advance ; and we require that eveiy Advertiser
satisde.s us of his res|)onsibility and intention to do
all that he agrecis. and that his" goods are reallj' worth
the price askeil IVu- them.

:POIj3L,E2Sr.

I will send, free of postage, on receipt of 75c. a root
ofCI»iiicso 'WiNttt.ria, a inagniticent climbing vine,
grows I'roni I.') to 20 teet in a season. I'rofuse bloomer.
IJees work on It from morning until night while in
l)l(>ssom. Will send none but goixl vigorous plants.
All should have one or more of these gorgeous bloom-
ing vines. Orders filled in rotation.

Address, J. P. McELRATH.
4 p Asbury, Warren Co., N. J.

vicii's

FLORAL GUIDE FOR 1875.

Piiblislieil <lHsirtcrly. — .lANUAiJY Nitmbek

just issued, and contains over lOO PA(iv;s, 500 En-
<ii{AviN(;s, descriptions of more than 500 of our best
Floiv»'r>« iiinl Vo^:etables, with Directions for
t'uUure, C'oi-oi;i:ii 1'i.atk, etc.— The most useful and
(degant work of the kind in the world.— Onlv 25 cents
for the \ ear. -Published in Ensrlish and G.M-man.

AdilrebS JARIKS VITK, Kocbestcr, N. Y.

10 LANGSTROTH HIVES

"IT^OR SALE CHEAP. Hives well made and painted,
P one and two years old, bees froze and starved.
Price delivered ai depot, S3. SO each with ten good
frinnes lull of good combs.
5p Address," very soon, D. E. SCOTT. Hmon, Ohio.

riiO.U THE IIAMI. IX APIARY.

Safe arrival and Puritv suaranteed. One tested
l)ueen in May S4.(iO. tive for Sis.Oi\ Fifty cts. less, per
(>ui'eu. in each succeeding month during the season.

Cut l.uuiber for a !»• frame Langstroth hive. Prices

on application

VRNUM & PEYTOy, EdgefieldJunction, Tenn.

IT^Al^IAlf AIPIATCIE^

«

Tested Queens from an Imported Mother S.i.00 each.
Tested Queens from an American Mother So.OOeach.
Safe arrivals suaranteed. Address.

Dk. W. p. MOORE,
4-(> p Richland Station. Sumner Co.. Tenn.

BEES and Snpv>lies, never before offered, vrill be
furnished hv M. QUIXBY. St. Johnsville. Mont-
gomer>" Co., X. Y. Send for chvular and pric« list, -it?!

IDE"^OXEr> EIXCXiTTSI^VEL^Z- TO BEES .A-HTID HOIsTE^Z'

Vol. ni.

MAY 1, 1875.

No. V.

FRIEND KKL,I.OOG^S ^'BF>E YARD»
AND OTHER :?IATTERS.

FRIEKD NOVICE :-Hnrrah for Glkanixgs ! ifs
a— brick I was eoinjr to say, but how can a paper
be a brick ? We are lookint: anxiou-ily for the

"Medley." woubln't miss having it for Sil.OO. Only
think of it, we are to have the pleasure of looking at
the faces of many of the "old staml by's" who tuiiirht
us our A, B. C's in bee-culture. Sir. Langstroth's pic-
ture alone is worth much more than the cost of the
"Medley." We don't see Anna Saunder's name in the
list ; why is It ? She told us she h.ad sent lier photo to
you. Hope you have not left her "out in the cold."

But you needn't think you have all the "Medleys"
to yourselves, for tvc have one too. Our "Bee Record"
book is about 6x8 inches, and on the cover and fly
leaves I have pasted cuts of hives, slingers. Queen
nurseries and cages, wax extractors, honey knives,
honey labels, etc., etc., taken from circulars, "and back
liages of the Journals. I tell you it's fun to look at
th.em all close together, for each one seems to be try-
ing to speak first, saying, "here, trv me, I'm a better
hive than that one over there" ; and to see the ditfer-
ent styles and quirks that men have got up and called
the best bee hive. Then the extractors step in for a
share, e.ach one trying to make you believe »Y will
sling more honey and in better shape than the others.
Did yon ever try such a "Medley" Novice ?

Thanks for tlie specimens of" honey labels ; I send
one of mine.

Novice seems to have given up the cold frame in
disgust, but we are going to try it once more, if we did
lose two out of three wintered in it. But, mind you,
those three were our ver.v lightest and i)ut in the pit
to give them the best chance. Tiie pit was not dug
till we had to go through eight inches of frost. The
four put in bee house came through strong and bright,
and one likewise in cold frame. If Bro. BIdwell can
use the pit successfully, "why in sixty," can't we ?

Will those straw niats shut down close enougli to
keei) the bees down, or do you have to put a cloth un-
derside ?

You say you have thrown away your quilts, when
they were covered too thickly with propolis. Don't you
know it can all be taken off slick and clean by boiling
in strong soap suds and concentrated lye ? It can be,
and leaves the cloth the color of a beautiful "yaller
dorg." Will. W. Kellogg.

Oneida, Knox Co., 111. April 5th, '75.

We did not include Miss Anna in our Med-
ley, for the identical reason that Ave did not
several other "bee-women's, "i*. G." included,
because they wouldn't let us have their photo's.
There were no end of excuses, and of blame
thrown on the artists, but they finally ended
up by declarina; they were not ",a:ood lookin?."
Had we all been iiovcrned in the matter by
such weighty arguments, we fear our Medle}^
would have much of it been blank paper.

Mr. K's label has one feature that pleases
us ; it says simply "from Kellogg's Bee Yard."
How is it fellow bee-keepers, are we proprietors
of "The Great Spread Eagle Apiaries,'" or arc
we simply owners of a "bee yard?" In our
correspondence with Grimm, Hetherington,
and Harbison, we do not remember to have
seen any name at all given their respective
places of business. Perhaps ihci^ don't need
any, but it would be a great relief many times

if all of you would use envelopes and postals,
with your full address printed thereon ; we are
also, Yankee enough to like to know every
body's occupation, and we confess that we
rather like the idea of a pretty name to the
Apiary, if it conveys no erroneous idea.

We can readily understand that Mr. Bidwell
succeeds, by keeping his "pit"' covered with
straw and boards the greater part of the win-
ter, but we cannot help thinking his success
would be equal, did he dispense with all glass
entirely, which would amount to the same
thing as carrying the bees out whenever suita-
ble weather occurred.

The straw mats do not shut down as closely
as quilts, and we can not find that bees winter
better than with the quilts, when soft clean
ones are used and the quilts are much the
handiest for summer use. Yes ; benzine will
also clean them, but it is cheaper for xis to use
new ones about once in 3 years.

OrR OWN APIARY.

ST is now the 6th of April, and the weather
I has been for the last 10 days, all that could

be desired. Never iia our experience have we
seen Ijees work on meal as they do now ; since
March 30th, as mentioned in the last number,
they have seemed to get crazier and crazier
each day, and as no natural pollen made its
appearance until yesterday, we have had am-
ple time for sundry experiments with ditTerent
kiuds of meal. "Wheat flour seems to come
next to the rye and oats, and then comes corn
meal, and buckwheat, oil meal etc. The Latter
was only tried after they had commenced on
natural pollen, which may make a ditterence ;
they certainly use it, but do not seem to fancy
it as they do fresh rye and oats. "We fully dem-
onstrated the latter point by trying to make
them take meal that was grounil a year ago ;
they wouUl use it, but only when the new was
not to be had.

The condition of the hives is most encoura-
ging ; solid masses of cells of this artiflcial pol-
len are found along the top l>ars and end bars
of the frames, and the balance of the comb is
an entire sheet of eggs with periiaps larviv of
the size of small beads occupying the centre.
Almost the entire Apiary presents an unvary-
ing scene of activity and prosperity, if we ex-
cept three hives; one of Ihem is the hive con-
taining natural stores that we have several
times referred to, as having been brought from
a neighbor's Apiary ; they have become so re-
duced by dysentery, that nothing but brood
from others can save them, and we may here

a^

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

May.

remark that we have probably made our last
experiment to detei'iuiue the superiority ot
sugar over natural stores. Others may do as
tliey choose, l)ut we shall provide sugar for
feeding in the fall, or at any other season when
feeding may be advisable. One other colony,
although strong and rearing brood rapidly, is
bringing out daily what we might term .rick
bees. 'Iheir bodies are elongated almost like
Queens, and they crawl about in front of the
hive in the sun, lor several yards, but eventu-
ally die , and this occurs even during our
warmest days. The ground is getting covered
with them, and yet their comrades are gather-
ing pollen as briskly as any hive in the yard.
Their stores are sealed, every thing looks heal-
thy inside, and yet this mortality continues to
go on. There are no symptoms of dysentery,
and the puzzling part of it is, that cold days or
nights do not seem to aggravate it at all.

Our third bad one, is the Quinby hive, in the
abandoned lorcing hous( . Since the south
Side has been opened, we have a more even
temperature inside than outside, but this even
temperature ranges too low for brood rearing:
even during our warmest weather, the influence
of the underground apartment is such as to
keep the air inside at about 45 or 50°, when out
in the open air, it is up to 70 or 80o. Here is
where we see the advantage of hives with thin
walls ; frequently the weather changes sudden-
ly, or the sun warms up the air in the morning
so quickly that hives with double walls, or
those placed in a shaded position will not be
stirring until tlie bees have been at work an
hour or two in the others. A winter reposito-
ry of course should be as free from atmospheric
changes as possible, as we wish the bees there
to sle^'P ; but in April and May, the case is
different and we would give tlam all the sun
possible. If the colony is strong, we cannot
discover that an occasional Irosty night does
any harm.

April StJi, — Continued beautiful weather and
prosperity. The new lot of brood is now just
beginning to be sealed over. In examinations,
We have been puzzled to tind in many stocks,
dead larva; in the center of the cluster, gener-
ally full grown, and in some cases sealed or
partially sealed over; we might have feared
foul' brood, had this looked black, but it is
wJdte. We think the solution is this: most of
our colonics had brood in ditferent stages when
taken out of the house, and about the 24th of
March we had several zero freezes; now in
moderate colonies, this jierhaps killed all un-
sealed larva', and may be none of the other.
Accordingly after the zero weather was
over, brood rearing was started anew
from the e^^,\ as this severe weather occurred
just about two weeks ago, our olelest larva'
Should be Just being sealed, which is really the
condition of most of our hives. The moral
seems to be, that bees should be kept in-doors
until all prospect of zero freezes are past; as
we frequently have such weather of late years
in March, will it not be best to keep our" bees
In-doors as a general thing until April V These
remarks, of course refer to this latitude.

Ajn-il 9/h — One colony is found Queenless.
They have plenty of bees, and have l)een bring-
ing pollen briskly, but examination sliows nei-
ther eggs nor brood. As their (^ueen was nearly

3 years old, it seems to us the case only points
out another moral. As a remedy, we look the
weak colony out of the Quinby hive just at
dusk, combs, bets and all, and set them gently
into one side of the Queenless hive. As we
were led to expect by loimer experiments, the
bees soon scraped acquaintance by crossing
antenna;, and very soon the news ot a new^ev-
iile Queen spread through the hive ; the mourn-
ing note of Queenlessntss ceased, and soon there
was a rush of all hands to see if the good news
was really true. When satisfied, so boundless
was their rejoicing that they took wing and
filled the air as they would of a summer after-
noon, although it was nearly dark. In the
morning the Queen had laid a broad circle of
eggs, and these bees were the first in the Apia-
ry to scamper in with huge loads of pol'en.
Of coitrse we were obliged to put on an upper
story, and stand the Q. frames on end, to get
them into an L. hive. It is our impression
that a Queen can thus be introduced into a
hive that is QuetnJess and withaut brood., with
scarcely a failure.

Of course we expected the flying bees from
the Q. hive would be lost, and Mrs. N. was
lamenting during the forenoon, that nothing
could be done for the homeless wanderers that
went in and out of their deserted home, with
such a doleful anel disappointed hum of dis-
tress. About dark on going into the Apiary
to i-ee it we could not do something for these
lost ones, we discovered a brisk going out and
in eif llie hive that had been Queenless; on
looking at the Q. hive we saw quite a cluster of
bees on the combs, and they were really having
a fine time in conveying the honey from tliese
combs to the new hive where their Queen was.
Was it purely accidental that no other hive in
the Apiary had any hanel in this, or had these
little fellows really taken in the full state of
aflairs, found where their Queen was, anei
agreed on moving in maase, carrying along
their honey, and joining hands peaceably with
the bereaved colonj'':* We accept the latter,
for not a bee remained in the Q. hive over
night. The hives are perhaps 5 rods distant,
and the Q. hive was in the lorcing house en-
tirely out of sight of the other.

April lOih — The one hive containing natural
stores, has been united with another, to
save it, so we have now only 51 colonies ; as
one of our remaining Queens seems to go rather
slowly, we think one more doubling, so that
we have an everr 50 to commence the season
with, will perhaps be advisable.

Ajjril VJth — We have had another very cold
spell, even as low as only 14" above zero; our
weakest colony died out-right, (which leaves us
with an even 50,) and all were more or less in-
jured. Our strongest colony had brooel clear
down to the bottom bar of their central combs,
and so near the entrance that the severe freeze,
drove them back away fremi it allowing it to
freeze; the consequence was that we found a
small heap of bees in front of the hive, anel
among it we founel brood almost matured. At
first we thought they might have sufiered from
want of water, or even stores, but examination,
showed plenty of stores, and water that had
run down on the bottom board at the back end,
so we are forceel to think the troirble was that
their brood was more than they could cover

1875.

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

nrj

under the circumstances. This was an L. hive,
ami all the rest have snfTored more or less in
the same way, unless it is the Standard hive
which has combs rnnnin^ across the other
way, and has the brood separated from the en-
trance bv several empty combs. The larsje
snnply of polleu is jjetting low, but is not quite
exhausted.

April 20th — Mr. Lan2:-<troth has been our
ffuest for the past week, and many are the
talks and pleasant contests we have had on
the many unsettled questions pertainiuij to
bee-culture. The j^round he went over years
aifo, and the jjreat multitude of experiments he
has made in times past, many of them to de-
cide points which we have supposed had never
been considered before, are astonishinj; ; and
particularly his wonderful powers of memory in
referrin? to the exact place in which the sub-
ject has been considered in the earlier volumes
of the A. B. J., or in the earlier editions of his
work. Since the freeze, our l)jes have ceased
irettini; the natural pollen and he snj;2;ested
that we give them a substitute in their hives.
We at once expressed incredulity, and when he
mentioned a mixture of honey and rye meal,
we told him we had tried it over and over
aa:ain, but without even the slightest trace of
success. He smiled pleasantly, directed Mrs.
N. to sift the coarse particles out of the rye
meal, and make a "feed" of honey and the meal
that should not be thicker than good syrup.
This was put in a feeder and given them when
quite warm. Sure enough they take it up like
chickens, and ask us as well as they can for
more, and we are watchiu": with interest to
see whether it is rcalln used as pollen or only
as honey. Mr. L's idea is that the mixture is
T.aken directly into the stomach of the nursing
bees, to eliminate the milky food for the larva;.

April 2\st — During the severe wintry weath-
er we are havinir uow, the Universal feeder
will not work ; the only way to feed, is to turn
up the quilt and pour our "gruel" directly on
the cluster. Now it is not desirable to tear up
the quilt in cool weather, as j^ou all know,
and that the bees object to such unceremonious
disturbances, we well know from past experi-
ence, having one season fed all our Apiary in
this manner, all through March and April.
Do you remember what Thaddeus Smith says
of old hats on page 29? Well, Mr. Lang^troth
in speaking of our quilts, says that he has been
full.v convinced for years that a shallow cavity
is needed above the combs or some device for
the bees to back up into, like a flock
of sheep in cold weather, and also to enable
them to avoid the repeated disaster of getting
separated from the main cluster by combs etc.
Now Mr. L. says, and with reason that part of
the quilt should be raised a little from the top
of the frames, for wintering, by laying cross-
wise two corn cobs about eight inches long and
six inches apart. Where quilts are pretty well
covered with propolis, a more efficient ventila-
tion would be desirable for this cavity, and
Mr. L. insists that every (juilt should have a
liole in the centre about 1 inch across, and that
this hole be always kept tilled with coarse wool,
this, he assures us the bees will not in any
way meddle with when used for such a pur-
pose. In the springs the cobs are to be removed
and this hole in the quilt enables us to feed or

get a look at the bees Avithout disturbing the
edges of the quilt which are Avaxed down clo-;e
and secure. We have always objected to hav-
ing any hole cut throuirh the quilts, but if this
wool will really remain nndistui-l)e(l by tli ;
mischievous ones to l)e foun 1 in many hives,
we may become a convert to it.

Almost any kind of feeder may be used
over this hole, or a piece ors[)are comb with a
hole through it may be laid over the hole in
the quilt, and the meal and sugar mixtun-,
grue! perhaps we had better call it, may bo
poured into the cells, or a table-spoonful may
be poured directly down ui)on the bees. Were
we to sum up feeders, perhaps we would say
that out-door feeding is the least trouble, when
the bees can fly, and where there are not too
many neighboring hives to join in; when the
latter is an ol)iection, the Universal feeder
comes next; if it is desirable to feed during
cold spring weather, the plan just mentioned
seems most direct and elfectual.

^ »»■ ^

L,. L,. LANGSTROTH.

™JE take pleasure in laying before our
^^ readers the following from our old

friend and benefactor.

FRIEND ROOT:— I heartilv thank you for your
kind words of generous appreciation in the April No.
of Gr>KA:*iNGS. still I cannot consent to receive any
pecuniary contributions. Shoald I ever be rciluced to
such straits as to need lielp from those who think that
they liavo been benefitted by mv writings and inven-
tiori?:, r would accept it in tlie tamj spirit in which it
would be proffered.

I am no longer able to give my personal supervision
to bees, and have no intention of building up another
Apiary. A neighbor is willing to take charge of a few
stocks for me, that I may be ab'e to supply my own
table with honey. If anv of mv bee-keeping friends
who are abundantly able to do so, would take pleasure
in sending me some bees, or a few hives with good
empty combs in standard Langstrolli frames, I should
not only be glad to receive them, but would try in
some way to reciprocate the favor— iierhaps by send-
ing them" another year a choice tested Queen.

Witli tlianks to God for restored health, and with
kindest greetings to all bee-keepers wlio may see these
lines, Verv trulv your friend.

April 15t"h, 1875. L. L. L.^ngstrotii.

[For Gleanings.]
PERSONAL,.

This heading, over my signature, may remind
some, of my personals in the A. B. J!, iu 1873.
With no intentfou of reviving past animosities,
I desire to say that soon after these personals
appeared, I regretted some things in them.
For the flrst time in my life, instead of a state-
ment of facts with what seemed to me the nec-
essary conclusions from them, I used bitter
epithets and invectives. Coming from a man
of my age and profession this was the less ex-
cusal)le. Perhaps I never lost so good an op-
portunity of showing the best way of conduct-
ing such controversies as we deem necessary
in defence of our rights.

About two years ago I personally expressed
to Mr. 11. A. King, my regret for the invidious
comparisons in which I had indulged, and my
intention of withdrawing them as publicly as
they were made. Able ag'^i" to use my pen, I
am glad to carry out this intention. If my ex-
ample has encouraged the acrimoniousness
with which questions have been discussed, and
controversies carried on among American Bee-
Kcepers, I hope this personal may contribute
somewhat to soften such necidless asperities.

April 28rd, 1875. L. L. Langstkoth.

73

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

AKEPOKTOFTHESEASOl^i OF 1874, ETC.

BV J. 1>. KUUSCHKE.

^^jRIEND NOVICE -.—Last spring I wrote you that
an our troubles (miue and yours) in "Siiringing"
& were of a i-emarkable similarity. Now 1 started
like yourselt, with 58 colonies a year ago ; well, last
spring they dwindletl down to 'A besides one we sold.
Friend Uuffeler, in Dec. No., gives a good report ol
the spring— how cold and unfavorable it was lor bees.
When honey was gathered to any extent, I don't think
1 had 5 strong stocks in my Apiary! iSow mark the
result : From these slocks (3Uj tii were made, and all
have jilenty of stores; most have 10 irames, size lU^tx
10 inches inside, and all are strong enougli lo wiuter,
under favorable circumstances. 1 am sure each has
a fertile Queen— raised all tiueensmyscU except two-
bought one Italian from Ch. JJadant, and earned an-
other. 1 tried to have a lew nuclei for winter, but
they built up so fast in numbei"S, and as I could easily
hel)) them from other stocks, 1 made full stocks of
them. One stock 1 made in this wise : I took oil' most
of my honey boxes at one lime, placed them close to-
gether, put a hive with comb and a caged <,iueen over
iliem, and covered the whole with sheets- all done
out-doors— and the bees all collected in the hive,
when the Queen was released, and all was well. L,ike
you, friend N., 1 liad jjleuly of comb, but a good deal
of it was ruined by ilie n"ioth, for want ol a proper
place to keel) it, so that 1 allowed each hive to build a
comb or two. Of honey 1 got 650 lbs. box, and about
700 lbs. extracted, the latter 1 took only Irom oUch
hives as were too weak, and tliat 1 could not Induce
lo work in boxes. Spoiled 8 good stocks lor tlie sea-
son, iis regards box honey, by being just one day loo
late in cutting out my Queen cells to supply them ! so
they were compelleU to raise their own Queens, and
they did not make a pound of box honey, while some
made over lOO lbs. ; what a Uiiierence from such a
slight cause.

bo far then, we might consider the season's work a
great success ; but now comes the drawback: 1 hail
to sell my lioney very cheap, or at least it uas solu at
a very low ligure ; the comb for 18c. and extracted lie ;
a small pi oportion of tlie box honey was soUl for more,
and half of the extracle<l 1 sold here for which 1 real-
ize<l from 1.^ to Ibc. per lb. Mext jear, shall try lo sell
all my lioney at home ; most ol the bee-keeiters around
here did so iliis year, and maue consiuerably more
than 1 did. The market for honey here is increasing
linely.

On the Iblh of Nov. my bees were all put into Ihcir
clamps, in appuiently good condition, i made the
clam](S a little vvaimer, and 1 ihink a litiie <iryer.
Tlie temperature Ihus far, has stood mostly at iO" ;
shall try lo keep it a little higlier hereafter.

Now lor a lew comments on contents of Nov. Glean-
ings. H. llutlson lells us how lo tecure strait combs.
Now with my plan, 1 liave so lar loimd no li ouble ;
iny hives hoid lo names anil one paililion-board ; ana
for winlirii.g it is only necessary lo allow 8 irames to
remain so ihat two names of comb are lelt to start
another hive with, in spring u or 7 names will be
enough lor a stock, so that we have 3 or lour irames
to start anoiher stock vvitii which is quite suliicient
to make ihem build strait conib ilirougli the whole
hive, if evenly dislribuied. 1 use JJatlaiit's comb
guides (see page 57 last montli) on my names and in
the honey boxes, and lind they foliow Uiem nicelj-.
S. F. Newman, sjieaks ol bees gathering meal in the
fall, my neighbor, Mr. I'otter, had Ihem do so to (juiie
an extent. To induce iliem to work on it, he smears a
little anise oil arounil the meal. 1 tried this last
spring, and lound the bees went to work almost imme-
diately; and ioo, alter liaving kept honey exposeil in
Comb for some lime. Our bees gathereu great quan-
tities of honey from (iolden rod and Aster, (i just
learned tlie njime of the latter by your description) so
much, that one hive, \\ Inch hail not workeil in boxes
previously, stored ab<)uto5 lbs. Irom these plants alone.
We had some '25 acres of buckvvlieat in the iieighbor-
hootl, whicli was a great lielp to the bees. J han about
IJii acres ol rape, and running llie lisk of having it
said, that 1 have an "ax to grind," 1 will state, that al-
though the season was dry, anil ti e seed came up very
unevenly, yet at no time during ils bloom diil the bees
"quit their }:old" upon it; and at all times more bees
could bo seen in it, than on the buckwheat. While on
luickwheat Ihcy winked niostly at morning and eve-
ning, on the rape they worked all day.

In regard to Problem No. '-'5, 1 would sa}-, it lias
beon (iulte fully discussed in A. B. J., by Ch. Dadanl
R!;d oihera, and the conclusion seems to be, that it is
rutherimsajc, lo winter bees without pollen.

iice-Koepers ! All of you arc tioublcd more or leas

with leaky covers. We have tried something the past
season which has, so far, worked satisfactorily lo pre-
vent this trouble, so much so, that we have put all our
covers under cover where we can get them in ihe win-
ter, and give Ihem the same treatment. What is it?
Why I it's simply common brown building ])aper.
Take a roll of paper, lay it on a smooth work bench,
lay your cover on it, and cut the paper so it will pro-
ject about an inch all round ; now turn up this projec-
tion nicely, and nail a strip of wood over it, so it will
'•hug up" smooth to the cover top. Then i>riine it
with thick paint— yellow ochre is good, and cheap, give
it two such coats, ana when dry it will shed water like
a top. You see by the process, you can use the poor-
est kind of boards, and the paper will cover the iniq-
uity. 1 would advise lo paint the paper on the under
side before putting on (then on top of course) and use
narrow boards for cover, lo prevent their warping.

Last spring we tried the experiment of feeding bees
out-doors and found it a perfect success. As you have
been alreadj' informed, our bees were weak, but in-
stead of starting robbing among them, I verily believe,
it prevented it ; for they did not rob at all, whilst with-
out this supply, we certainly would have seen some
fun. We placed the food about 10 rods from the Api-
ary, and I think "thereby hangs a tale."

J. D. Kkuschke.

Berlin, Wis. Dec. 17th, 1874.

Slow TO GET AEONC WEEL,.

^pCjrO, No! We dou't mean any thing of the
J|,\| sort. To be sure if we should dig a well
in the ground, and dig it ve7-y dee]:), it would be
a "long well," but that is not what we mean,
we mean, how to get along pleasantly
with the "all sorts" of people that begin now
to make up our list of patrons, and we wish to
consider, all our patrons, friends. For instance ;
if very many people persist in writing good
things on both sides of the paper, and thus pre-
vent our "scissoring" their communications,
etc., shall we scold about it, and try to mould
several hundered people to our wants, or shall
we endeavor to mould our wants to lit the peo-
ple, and let them do things in their own way,
or as they can most conveniently ?

If those who write us letters will persist in
supposing that we remember all that was in
the letter they wrote us a week or two ago,
shall we call them stupid for not knowing that
we have so many every day, that we can't re-
member all of them, or shall we take a little
more trouble ourselves, and tile our lettets
away, so that we can liud any letter referred
to after a reasonable length of tiineV If folks
will omit to give their addreses in lull some-
times, even sending money, and then after
awhile abuse us for not sending their papers,
shall we write back that 'twas their own iault,
and it's "good enough for them" etc. ; or shall
we provide ourselves with a list of all the Post
Offices, printed lists of all who have ever been
subscribers and every thing we can think of to
save both time and annoyance to our fellow
beings as well as ourselves even if the muddle
is purely their own fault? Again, if by losing
8c, we can save a fellow blunderer 6c, ought
we not to do itV [There is an exception to the
latter, where you are purposely, and repeaitdly
asked to lose your hard earned nickels.] Even
supposing you lind a person airfvlly stupid (as
you may jjcrhaps think /rcarc sometimes), shall
we tell liini so, and that he hasn't "even an
idea of Inisiiuss," or shall we take it for grant-
ed that such an individual may be expected to
turn up about once in so often, and it is our
duty to treat him as a brother? Shall we not
consider that tl;e poor fellow will doubtless
have trouble enough any way with his ideas of

1875

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

C5

\liinf?s,' ami tliat if we throw a little sun-shiiic
iibout his path, it will cost us but little, and
may tend to inak'O his life average vvitli the
rest.

We fc ai- an Editor many times loses sijjlit of
the Jaet, I hat it is a inueli easier matter for
liini to eonforin to the habits of a thousand of
his subseribers, than to have the thousand all^
conform to some i)rojwt of his own. We have
many times ihought of makini; requests to our
subseribirs, sueh as askinir them not to send
lis cht eks for the small sum of 75c, when it
costs 20 or r)()c to j»et them collected ; that they
"would not ask us (juestions tliat were plainly
•answered on our price list; that they would
not expect \is to reply individually to all their
kind letters etc., etc.; but on the whole, we
will just say keep on in your accustomed way,
and we will try to conform to it. If you are
busy, and don't tliink, put jour money and
<[uestions both in the middle of a long letter,
icritten on both sicks, and then change your
raind in the post-script if you choose, or refer
to a former letter. We cannot promise posi-
tively, but we will try and preserve all letters.
We are going to try too, to remember the di-
xnensions of the frames that each friend uses,
^o when he orders an Extractor, we shall not
be bothered if he don't tell. Thus : we remem-
ber that Rev. J. Van Eaton, is 12x12 inside,
whereas R, S. Becktell, is 12x12 outside. Prof
Cook, 11)4x1114, Dadant is somewhere near
12x18, and James Bolin, is IT^/gxOig, etc., etc.

HOW TO BIJII^D AVORKER COIWBS
EVERY XIITIE AT A 2-40 RATE.

^^RIKNDNOVICE:— Having a number of stocks
llN"' last fall, not lull of combs, and the buckwheat
"^1 honey failing, thus stopping all comb building,
and wi:-hing very much to get them full before going
into winter quarters, we set ourselves to thinking, and
as a result, we, a few da)-s after, hai)pening to meet
tliat good friend of ours "Squire Jesse," (one of those
<ip tc^ good naturcd bee-keepers you sometimes meet
\v\i\,— like vs for instance) I proposed to him that we
each should take one of our strong stocks and take
(ill their eavibs anay but ttco m- three, fill out hives
with emiity frames and feed, and see if we could not
get those much needed combs built. After delibera-
ting a while, the "S<iuire" replies, "i\^o Sir-ee, not any
of that for me— guess Til wait awhile before taking
my little pefs combs all away, leaving them in such a
Six as tliat, this time of year."

"AH right 'Squire.' if you don't wish to experiment,
we will risk one stock any way." Afconlingly. one ot
owr stronf/est stocks wasseiected and dejirived of all
their combs but three or four containing the oldest
capped brood in the hive, which was selected to keep
up the strength of colony while at work ; used balance
of brood (6 or 7 combs) in strengthening up iveak
swarms, then filled out hive with empty Ivames inter-
spersed with the frames of brood, putting 2 frames
between each 2 frames of brood— put on feeding box
and fed them just at nipht a quart or more syrup made
of lib. sugar (Ex. C.) andl quart water. Being anxious
as to result (so late in season) we next morning
looked into hive and found to our pleasure, they had
a piece of comb about as large as your hand in each of
several frames and all rrorker. Being so much pleased
with result, we immediately set several more at it,
using extra brood as with lirst stock. In the coui'se of
:■> or 4 days the "Squire"' happening around, we propo-
sed to let him have a peep into first stock set to build-
ing. "When the hive was opened u)) and frame after
frame of beautifid worker comb was shown him, all
nearly completed, the "Squire's"' eyes began to open a
little, and after showing him through the other build-
ers, (all seeming to vie with each other as to which
should Jill their hives first) and getting up from our
knees and looking the "Squire"' in the eye, he as-
lounded us by saying, "Well Eddie if you are a mind
to, you may come up and start a few of my stocks in
'biz'."" Wishing to oblige so good a friend— "up we
went" and the result following was a nice lot of strait
worker combs.

By above plan we got 12.'( nice worker combs, using
nearly 200 lbs. Ex. (J sugar, making cost tier comb
from l(i to 2(H;, (combs lOJtxllJi.).

Cannot make an exact estimate as we allowe<l all
stocks fed to make up their winter stores from amount
fed ; but alter estimating amount in hives an<l ueduct-
Ing trom whole amount led, arrival at above result.

rerhajis some of our bee-keejiing li lends may sav
'tis most too risky a jol) at that ti«ne of year, (la"st of
Aug.) if .so, try one colony to begin with and our word
for it, all being favorable, they will become a convert
—as the "Sfjuire" did.

As our honey dei)endence is on white clover mostly,
and ending lirst of July, witli nothing more lor our
little friends to do till blooming ol Buckwheat, \ou
will readily see how much we can gain bv keeping
them busy in the interval, at comb buil<iing", thus Ris-
ing us all the combs we need at smaller cost than in
any other way, and the stocks building (as well a» the
weak ones, receiving the benefit of the added coiidts
of brood), are in belter condition when through ti.au
they otherwise would have been.

Out of 1.5 to '20 stocks used as described only two
made any efl'ort to build drone comb, and they only a
small amount; stocks having Queens eitlier youw) or
old, liuilt worker comb the same, saw no dillercnce.

Trusting this may help some of the "fraternlij" in
their time of need as much as it did us, we remain

Yours truly, J. Uatman & Co.

Dundee, Ills. March loth, 1875.

Tlie above, which it seems to us is only car-
rying out the plan of our friend Dean, we think
will work without doubt, and it will most
certainly contribute much toward getting the
colony in good wintering condition. In using
the Universal feeder last season, we had a sim-
ilar experience, only that we aimed to prevent
comb building, having a fair supply.

TENNESSEE AND THE ITIIGRATORIT
PEAN.

BEES never wintered better. Not a single colony
lost in this vicinity, and all wintered on their
summer stands. Commenced gathering honey
and pollen the last week in March from the •'Vesica-
ria Lescurii'''' (Bladder Tod) a small yellow bloom (see
specimen enclosed) and said to be found no^\here ex--
cept in central Kentucky and Tenn. The honey is
light and very nice.

We shipped 7o colonies to Indianapolis, Ind., on 13th
inst, where we expect a better yield of honey during
the summer. They had gathered about ten lbs. per
hive belore ship]jing, i)arily from the fruit trees, and
swarming liad (•<jniuieiiced. >Ve expect to return them
to Tenn. in Soj)!., in time to get the Aster honey. The
cose of transportation by freight is 50 cts. jier colony,
one way, and we think the increased amount of honey
will pay it, and the security of wintering here will be
amjiie pay for trouble. The late Dr. Ii;:mlin has never
lost more than one in one hundred at this Ajjiary lor
10 years, in wintering. Bakni;:.: & X'k\"jon,

Edgefield Junction, Tenn. April 17th, iS'io.

EABEES, CtUEENS, AND CAEIFORNBA
HONEV.

fjRIEND NO"VICE :— Your gilt labels are the finest
"' I have seen and very cheap. I think we shall
not disagree on the standard label even if we do
on the Standard hive.

The Queen you refer to in March Gleanings, came
trom Aaron Benedict. 1 am pleased with his bees,
but his jiacking was not uniformly good. I shoidd
rather have a Queen from some reliable American
breeder, who has worked for a series of years to se-
cure the peri)etuation of desirable characteristics (as
Davis of Penh, and Benedict of Ohio claim they have
done) than to have an imported (^)ueen at tlie same
price. And I say this without taking into considera-
tion the various diseases and enendes of bees now
found in Europe, the introduction of which is now
only a question of time. We undoubtedly have better
Queens in this country than can be obtained fiom tlie
peasants of Europe. Then why send to the Continent;
and take such risks unless in exceptional cases?

I have seen the bee louse of Italy at work in our
own Apiary under circiun-tances tli.it seent to indicate
its having survived at least one of our winters. Ju<lg-
ing from what I have seen and read of its habits 1 do
not consider it possible for a colon}" considerabh' lousy
to live through a winter in the Northern States. It
would be kept in constant agitatation, a condition

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

May.

fatal tr, successful wintering. Therefore taking all
things into consideration on the subject of the "Indis-
criminate Importation of Italian Queens" I pronounce
mvself fuUv in accordance with the views of Mr.
Adair, although on the knotty question as to who
shall own the two dollars sent him for his cjuarterly,
we still continue to disagree; a subject by the way,
on which ho has not heretofore been inclined to write
lengthy and prolix articles in our Bee Journals.

Haijpening to be in New York when the market
was pretty well stocked with California honey, we
made sonic inquiries in relation to it. We found it
chiefly made up of the grades, extra white, or white
mountain, white, and colored, the last being largely
In excess. Its ap])earance was certainly very tine,
equal to any thing produced East. The packages
were small, neat, well filled and rec'd in good condi-
tion; whole car loads we were told coming through
without a broken comb or a leaking package. The
report of its quality was not so favorable, as a large
majority of those who have either handled or used it
say that, like much of the California fruit, it lacks
flavor, lacks that peculiar aroma so cliaracteristic of
tne best products of this latitude. Sugar syrup with a
small quantity of Northern honey added, would closely
represent the flavor of a larger part of the white
grades, the same mixture with a small addition of
Cuba honey would give an idea of the colored. We
do not apiirehend that it will much if any aflect the
price of our choice grades of honey, as it cannot suc-
cosfuUy compete, in quality ; nor do we think it will
ever be offered in so great quantities as some have
anticipated. Much rt'ill depend, in regard to price, on
how flrmly Eastern bee-keepers hold back for good
prices. No doubt some dealers will try to buy at Cal-
ifornia prices, and should a large number of producers
sell thus. It may temporarily depress the market.

r. H. Elwood.

P. S.— I have wintered largely in double wall hives
and although the result has not been entirely satisfac-
tory neither has our in-door wintering. I should pre-
fer to hear from those with a more lengthy experience.

Starkville, N. Y. March 15th, 1875.

Gleanings in

Bee Culture,

Published

Montltly,

.A^. I. ItOOT <Sc CO.,

EDITORS AND PROPRIETORS

MEDINA

, OHIO.

Ternis : 7 5c. I?er A.nn\iiti.

[Including Postage.]
For Club Bates see Last Page.

3S/a:EIDI3Sr.A-, 1>/LAJ^^ 1, 1875.

A new commandment 1 give unto you, That ye love
one another.— John xiii., 17.

Journals for April all good, and on hand In good
time.

Rape seed is not to be sown until June ; directions
will be given next month.

When the Quinby smoker is all in trim, by its aid
you can open hives, and handle combs and bees very
rapidly.

A 15AUUEL of sugar, two coflee pots, and Universal
feeders to match, are the arguments we are now bring-
to bear, to counteract the effects of the freeze.

T()-i)AV, the 28th of April, we find a colony with
brood in three combs— nearly half filling the middle
one— with brood all chilled except a small si)ot where
the Queen and a few dozen just hatched bees were
clustered. Old bees ^one just a little too soon.

Mr. Langstkoth agrees with (Quinby, in thinking
a iiive with )i inch walls, preferable to any thing
thicker for out-door wintering. Mr. L. would also
have them unpainted, so far as keeping the bees dry

is concerned. He has made many, and some eostly
experiments with double, and porous walled hives.

Althol'gh we dislike to throw cold water on the
work of the makers of the comb foundations, it were
no more than justice to all parties, to state that Lang-
stroth mentions that he made an experiment with twc
equal colonies, giving one the foundations, and the
other nothing. While the former used their artificial
aids, the latter oatstrippe<l them by far, in filling their
hive. It may be well to try this again, but we would
advise investing cautiously at first.

A FEW have taught that swarms without combs, do
better than with a hive furnished ; Mr. L. explains
this by saying that during a heavy yield of honey the
Italians will fill a set of combs so quickly that brood
rearing is almost entirely blocked, consequently unless
the extractor be used, the swarm with an empty hive
would assuredly be the most profitable. With an ex-
tractor and empty combs, as we demonstrated last
season, almost any natural swarm would pay for itself
in ten days.

Lest it be said tliat friend Bolin's success in win-
tering is accidental, we give the following from the
Tiffin Star of March 25th :

There is a very universal complaint, throughout this
county, that the winter has been extremely hard on
bees. From what we can learn, we doubt whether a
tenth part of the number of swarms which were in
good condition last fall, are alive at this time. In this
immediate vicinity there will not be an average of
more than that saved. The last few weeks liave seem-
ed to do the business for most swarms.

THE DvriNDLiNr,; doi^i^jv in our

OAVN APIARY.

m

UT we have got it after all. It is now April 27th,
joji and since the "great freeze," we have for sever-

al days noticed bees on the walks, clinging to
the fences," and in divers places, that looked like any
thing hut '-gathering honey all the day," etc. An ex-
amination of the hives shows that the old bees are
almost entirely gone, .and so suddenly has this taken
place, that it looks almost as if they had swarmed out
in some cases ; hives that were prosperous, with brood
in three combs, two weeks ago, now show brood with
no bees to cover it, and all that remain to take care of
the Queen, are a few downj- bees apparently just
hatched, and two colonies we actually found dead
just when the young bees had begun to gnaw out. A
third was united with another to save it, so that we
are now only 47. Does this begin to sound like the
story we told a year ago? Never mind, we are not
alone, to judge from the tenor of the postals now
coming in, and we are really glad to be able to have
the trouble right under our own observation.

Now although all our colonies (with one exception)
have lost all, or nearly all their old bees, they are by
no means all weak, and the very best colony in the
Apiary is that one in the Standard. They too lost
their old bees, yet as their young brood commenced
hatching in March, they have bees now over a month
old. and able to ])erforin all kinds of out-door labor;
and when the freeze came, there were so many of
them, they did not even stop brood rearing; at all.
By the way we went to look at the colonies that had
the gruel ;"sure enough they hail unsealeil larvae in all
stages, while other colonies of equal strength had
only sealed brood and eggs. This would have been
convincing proof had we not examined the Standard
next and found it contained even more unsealed larvaj,
and yet they have had mo gruel ; in fact they don't
needf/rite^ or any other kind of tinkering. '-Do you
give this credit all to the different hive ?" s(5me may
ask. Certainly not, but we do give it to jjuttiug two
good colonies "into one, in Nov., see page 123, Vol. 2.
A 20 frame Langstroth hive would perhaps have done
as well, unless it be that a deeper frame is better
where 20 are to be spread out horizontally. This hive
actually has an entire Queen cell built, with an egg in
it i)rei)aratory to swarming. What do you thinlc of
that while ordinary colonies, are scai'cely making a
"live .^" Now then ! has any one faithfully tried the
exi)eriment of putting two good colonies into one,
and wintering them out of doors? It may be we are
getting over on to Gallup's ground, but we are sure,
we would as soon it should be lie that is right as .any
one. Perhaps such a colony would do well even in a
<louble walled hive. Who knows? We do like the
Standard hive because it is always all ready for ex-
tracting, for wiutering, or for any thing else, Viitliout

1875

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

67

any back breaking, or luprglnR combs or top stories
iibout ill llie imut, wliicli we always have In Afeiiina
Co., both in I'all and spring.

That one exception where tlie old boes do not die, is
the colony that was lound Queenless and willioiit
l>rood, see 'page O'i. Mr. VVui-eter's statement, on page
li, tliat it is our brood rearing tliat uses up the bees,
Ss corroborated. This colony has not hatched a young
Ijce lliis spring, and yet they are about as prosperous
as wlien set out in March. We I'orgot to mention tliat
they have taken to tiie meal again with avidity, and
It seems to us, that tliis substitute at such limes, must
l!€ of very great value. All the pollen in the hives is
exhausted, and tiie niajjle blossoms are frozen up in
lull bloom. It is amusing to see bees thatare so young
as to be all downy, gatliering meal ; poor little Inno-
•cents there is no one else to do it, and even if their
Joads are tiny, they seem to feel in full their responsi-
bility. "What can we do to Jielp tliese weak colo-
ailes ?" our i>ostals enciuii'e. A knotty riuestion ; we
can give tiiem lialching brood from tlie stronger
stocks it is true, but many times it does them as nuicli
liarm as it W'Ould to take a small swarm from tliem a
luontli later. Taking them in-doors may do, but in a
large Apiary tliis is no light task. Blanketing them,
unless the covering is removed as soon as tlie air gets
warm, does more liarm than good, for it often keeps
tliem cold, as it would a block of ice, because they have
no internal heat of their own, or but little. Had we
not better reduce our stocks in the fall until we have
only extra heavy ones, with abundance of pollen etc?
A dozen sucli colonies in the spring we verily believe,
would be of more profit than 50 oruinary ones.

P. S. — We are going to let our Standard swarm, just
to try our Automatic swarmer. l^erhaps we can get a
Photo of the whole aflair for tlie Medlei".

».

A. JONES' AUTOMATIC SWAKOT
CATCHER AN1> HIVEK.

^ ET A, represent a pole arranged to swing
■£M| easily in the top of the post, something
like an old fashioned well sweep. C, is a box
to contain stones enough to keep the end D,
up, unless about one lb. in weight be applied
to it. E, is a hive so located that the pole D,
will strike it gently on the top, when it de-
scends with the weight of the swarm that has
clustered on the end at D. The dotted line F,
represents the ground, and G, is a block or
platform that C rests on, to prevent its getting
stuck in the ground or entangled by grass or
weeds. In front of the hive E, is a platform
nicely ari-anged for the bees to run into the
hive. At B, is a bell or pistol that will be rung
or discharged by the string H, on descent of
D, to tell the owner that his swarm is safely
in the hive, and ready to be cared for.

G p

To test the working of the machine, we have
had one put up in our Apiary. We used for
the pole A, a strip of pine board 3 inches by 20
feet long, stiffened by an inch strip I, bent over
blocks as shown in the cut ; this makes it light
and not liable to be much influenced by the
wind. The post B, is of oak 3x4, and the hinge
:'.t the top is made by driving a yi inch iron
rod through the strip A, which is allowed to
turn in iron plates, screwed to each side of the
lop of the ix>st. This gives us all metal for

the working parts, so that they cainiot swell
and get tight, even with years of exposure.

The main i)oint, is to get the first swarm of
the season to alight at D; to secure this, we
would advise tying on a bundle of mullein
heads, dipped in ink, so as \o resemble bees.
Mr. Jones suggests that some bushes be tied
above etc. Experiment will doubtless suggest
the best material. "We give below a part of
Mr. Jones' letter.

A. J, KOOT & CO :— Dear friend, I wish to asdst Mr.
Langstroth, and I have an invention that I tliink it
my duty to give him tlie benelit of. I call it a swarm
catcher and hiver. It Pitches the swarm that issues
and hives them .' It then rings a bell or fires oil" a gun
or pistol to let you know the work is done, and you
can go and set the swarm where you want it, and put
another hive in i)lace of it ready for the next.

I have tested it for three years, and it works like a
charm. I have kept it quiet and intend to use it onlv
tor the benefit of Mr. Langstroth in the United States
il trees are thick, more than one should be used ; one
for about every ten stocks. I put it in the most con-
spicuous place, the bees light on it, and after a suffic-
ient number alight, their weight brings down the
machine in front of the hive, and a stop striking the
pole jars ofl" the bees and they run into the hive.
Sometimes it does not jar them off well, but it alwavs
tires otl the gun or pistol (Wouldn't the boys be doing
this for the fun of it? better perhaus to have no ex-
plosion—L. L,. L.) to let you know they want attention.

It is indispensable where there are no trees or bush-
es, but if there are bees in the yard next to you, you
would be liable to get their swarms. I hope in such
cases justice will be done.

They can be made for a trifle, and if properly made
will save many a swarm. It is so managed that the
end ot the thing the bees light on just comes down to

the entrance of the hive I believe that we could

do a large amount of good to Mr. Langstroth by it,
it you wish to patent ic in the United States you can,
1 don't want any thing for it. I have no object in
view but to do good. The money sent for Mr. Lang-
stroth, should pass through your hands.

Truly yours, D. A. JoNES.

Tecumseth, Ontario, Canada. April 10th, '76.

Mr. L. replies as follows:

My experience in inducing swanns to cluster upon
some fixed place most convenient for hiving them,
makes me think favorably of Mr. Jones' invention.
Being unpatented and easily and cheaply made, its
practical workings can be quickly tested. Next month
I may show the best methods of using it.

It would be a work of supererrogalion indeed, to
say anything of the generous spirit of Mr. Jones' oiler.
1 cannot however, think ot patenting his Hiver. To
patent inventions however novel and valuable, which
can be so easily made is usually vanitv and vexation
oj spirit! a strong temptatation to manv to violate the
legal riglits of patentees. Let no one send money to
Glkamngs for L. L. L., until he is well satisfied that
he can make the plan work in liis own Apiary. Mr.
Jones has succeeded, and if his very ingenious device
proves successful in the hands of careful Apiarians,
then another gi eat advance has been made in practic-
al bee-culuire. L. L. Langstkoth.

April 2l8t, 1875.

Mr. Langstroth, for reasons which he hopes
to give more in detail, will not secure a patent
on the Automatic Hiver, and we take pleasure
in presenting it to the public, trusting that
those who And it valuable, will in accordance
with Mr. Jones' wishes, express their gratitude,
and hand in their dollars to Mr. L. through
the medium of Gleanings. We consider the
idea worth to us $10.00 at least, and have
handed that amount to Mr. L., by Mr. Jones'
request. If Adair were yet among us, he might
now advocate strongly letting Queens have all
of their wings. Three cheers for the revival of
the old fashioned swarming time ! happy are
the memories of our childhood days that clus-
ter about it.

As American postage stamps are of no use
in Canada, Mr. Jones requests that all queries,
in regard to the invention, ))c made through
Gleanings.

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

May.

[For Gleanings.]
ABOUT MIVES ETC.

CY G. M. DOOLIXTLE.

WK have niJin}- inquiries in regard to onr views
about hives and as most ofour correspondence
(•ome>. from those who take Gleanings, we
Will answer through its i)ases.

Quinbj', LangUroth, Gallup, and others have told us
that the'brood chamber to any hive should contain at
least iiW) cubic inches. Let lis look for a moment and
see If they are correct. A hive containing 2000 cubic
inches will give U5 about lo50 square inches of comb
which is 450 inches more than the best Queen we ever
had, would keep occupied with brood for two months
iu succession. An average of (Jneens will not occupy
over 800 square inches with brood for any length of
time, therefore it will be seen that we have 550 inches
that will be filled with honey and pollen; and we are
told by those same writers that Ihis same honey is to
Ije use'il to wintsr the bees on. Now if we hive a new
swarm in a brood chamber of 2000 cubic inches and
the season is good, in three weeks they will have 400
square inches of comb lillcd with the best of lioney.
This is not in salable form unless you use the extract-
or and in thivt case you neetl a hive larger than 2000
jnchos. So each year your bees are wintering on about
25 lbs. of the choicest of honey, worth at least if put in
boxes S'> 25, while $2.00 worth of sugar syrup would
winter them .just as well. Thus, year after year we
are losing S4'25 per swarm by using a brood chamber
of 2000 cubic inches when working an Apiary for box
honey.

In order not to get any pollen in our boxes we will
allow 150 square inches of comb for that and tlie little
honey they always will have in the upper corners of
the frames, so we have 9.50 square inches comb space
or 1451 cubic inches, as the right size for the brood
chamber when worked for box honey, regardless of
what fetyle of frame is used. We preter the Gallup
frame to anv other but siiould not advise any one that
had from MO "swarms upward to change frames, if ihey
were movable in any sense ol the word. The cap and
sides of the liive can be made as large as you choose,
yet we prefer box room of from 60 to SO pounds capac-
ity. In one of our articles we say if the bees swarm
they do well, but forget to say that we never allow
but' one swarm from any hive, for with asecond swarm
goes all prospect of box honey from the old stock.

Our bees hive come through the winter in fair con-
dition considering that our stocks were very light in
bees last fall and tliat we have had an unusually se-
vere winter. We have lost two outright, one being
Queenless and the other dying of dysentery. One
swarmeil out the lirst warm day leaving plenty of
hriiod, pollen and honey and went in vvith another
.Svvarm. Comb; were all clean and bright and the
swarm was an average one. Can any one give a satis-
factory reason for sucli proceedings ? We found a
number that were Queenless and united tliem with
others so we have at present 92. As we have worker
comas for only about 75 or 80 hives, we shall eventually
uni e them down to that number. We do not allow
over one or two square inches of drone comb to each
hive (unless it is to some favorite Italian Queen) and
when we get all straight worker combs we are sure of
them as long as we wish to keep bees, only as tliat
tlreaded disease foul brood makes its apiiearance.
JIow often has our heart been made to ache by being
obliged to destroy our nice combs; those we have
spent much time to make perfect as we could wish.

Dear readers, those of you that never saw a cell of
foul brood, you do not know how to pity tliosc that
have annually to destroy the combs of from three to
ten stocks.

Let every one sending out Queens be very careful
not to send a drop of honey from a foul brood stock,
as most Apiarians are careless with such honey as
they receive with Queens, and one single drop taken
to li hive will eventually ruin that stock.

Borodino, N. Y. April tith, 1875.

should always look the neatest and cleanest of
of any thing in a country store, and you must
make it your business to keep it so, it' your
merchant won't.

Money is usually (luitc scarce during this
iQonth iu the Northern Stales, and it often
coinraanls a good price. If we are to supply
the people with it the year round, somebody
most probably will have to keep a little over.
Take good care of that Jumi^ iimrket, friends ;
sec that tha jars are neat and clean, and that
y>>ur dealer, or commission man does not have
th;^ wrapping off from too many at a time, nor
allow them to get soiled and dusty. Honey

Pertaining: to Hee Ciiltxii'e.

[We resijectfuUv solicit the aid of onr friends in
conducting this (lci)artment, and would consider it
a favor to have them send us all circulars that have
a deceptive appearance. The greatest care will be at
all times maintained to prevent injustice being done
any one.]

^M'lTCHELL has taken out another patent;
iL\/lJli it is on his 50c. bee hive. As an indi-
vidual right to use this is included for the 5 oi*
$10.00 that he receives /roz/i eacli person for the
lesson of two hours given the "class," he has
the excuse to offer that his '-right" is an equiv-
alent for the money received, even if the in-
struction is worthless.

It seems almost hopeless, the task of
convincing people that there are no great mys-
teries, or secrets connected with bee-keeping,
but that success is only attained by honest
hard work, which these traveling secret and
patent venders are too lazy and dishonest tor
accept. Even ministers of the Gospel — by the
way it seems as if they of all others, were the
very easiest prey for such men — are really pay-
ing a premium to such vagabonds for going
about the countrj^ If we are to l)elieve Mitch-
ell's new circular, he has actually induced a.
Rev., from Elmore, O., to act as travelling agent
for him. If our Clergymen wished to learn
Greek or Latin, would they pay their money
to some travelling man who promised to teach
it to them in a couple of hours? We cannot
see that bee culture differs very materially.
As we have said before, we feel confident that
you are at liberty to make any thing needed in
a bee liive, without paying any body for a
ri.fiht to do so.

JSv «; s> <) 1? t lif; ^j^ii <e ^o 11 s? .ia ,§;• I ii /^''®

vjP sold in spring of '74 down to 1:3, from these I took

Sl 832 lbs. extracted honey which I sold for S127.33

r^ Box honey in frames 1117 lbs 222.99

Broken comb honey 174 lbs 27.44

Sold 19 colonies for 151.75

Wax 30

Total : . . .S529.81

Paid out for Queens 7.00

Balance $522.81

I still have an increase of 4 stocks, and I have made
no account of about 300 lbs. that we used and gave
away. My bees had only comb enough in the spring
to 1111 their hives and two upper stories besides.

In the spring of '73 1 took my lirst swarm and cared
for them to Ihe best of my ability and sold in two sea- .
sons, $l'.'.>.oo worth of hoiiey and increase. We have
had a very good season here. I have a way of, what I
call, keeping the bees' ambition up to its highest pitch
in the honey season, that is of ke('|)ing them trying to
lid so.ne i)lace according to their (•;i|)acity. For box
honey I start them at one end and so follow along
toward the other. If it is a medium swarm they will
have some finished by the time they reach the last
end and with a division board I can make them think
a little more will linish the whole job, and often I let
very large swarms build for weaker ones to linish.

I can have swarms of not more than two cpiarts lill
their stent for tlie extractor, side by side with very
large swarms. I give every one room according to
their ability.

I winter in a cool and very dry cellar. But Mr. Ed-
itor l)?es want the room in which they are kept, well
ventilaK^d as well as the hive. J. L. Lkwis.

West Windsor. Eaton Co., Mich. Ja:i. 21th, 75.

fJLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

FROM DIFFERENT FIELDS.

M'lKSSliS. A. 1. KOOT & Co :— Althoiijj;h my i)rolUs
I in bee- kcoi>iiifC hist year weie small eomiiare'l
h with tlioso ol' many bee-kecpcrH, fitill u report

i>t my observations may be interesting to some.

If "only tlie largest reports were given, we woulii
get only exaggerated laeas of tlie lousiness; so 1 will
tell you what I have accomplished while taking a
■college course. My Apiary is located at Mason, a tlls-
tauce of only 12 miles Iroiii the college, so I was cna-
Tjled to give them a little personal attention. Aside
from this I liired about twenty-live days labor.

I began last spring with 20 colonies, increased du-
ring the seiison to 50, and lost .'i by wintering. I sold
-from them about 8l(j().00 worth of "honey, rlacing on
the increase (2f> swarms) the low valuation ofJS.OO ))er
•colony, we have S'2(X).(0 for bees. This, i)lus SlOO.OO for
honey, minus f.;.").(i(i for labor gives a prolit of 8;}25.00.

A number of early swarms went to the woods, and
through this and other such sources I probably lost as
anuch as $l(K).(io. The honey was mostly in the comb.
I have one of the Novice Extractors and I think it
■would liave paid better to have used it more had my
time permitted.

But, in spite of the difficulties that one must neces-
sarily meet while trying to follow two diverse occupa-
Jions" at a time. I hope to show you next fall, when my
<;ourse of study here is completed, that my bees have
jiald my coUepe expenses. Emmet Fullek.

Agricultural College, Lansing, Mich. April 5th, '75.

The following is a fair sample of some of our
•"troubles." It was ou a postal.

Ml!. Root :— I have not rec'd the Feb. or March No.
■of Gleanings. Some post-master must have gone
out of office on th j line. W. O. Sweet.

We find Provideuce R. I., on the other side,
^)ut we have no subscriber there by that name
and what shall we do? A short time ago, we
were able to remember something about those
with whom we had corresponded, but the num-
ber of postals we send out now daily, makes it
entirely out of the question to remember what
we wrote a week ago, and to whom we wrote.
In referring to something we have written you,
please mention the fact, or if convenient enclose
ihe postal and it will assist us very much. Let-
ters without signatures, and without town or
state, are getting to be alarmingly frequent, and
the worst trouble is, the writers are sure to
think the blame lies with us, or any where but
with themselves.

You had better not try to ride the "hobby" that
"plenty of bees and plenty of honey will always an-
swer lor bees to remain on their summer stands." I
liave been trying to succeed with a similar )dan for
(he last 15 years and have generally succeeded pretty
well until iliis winter, it has thrown me Hat upon my
back. 1 never hail the bee disease before. I have al-
Mays packed my bees together with straw on three
sides and top, leaving the front end out and entrance
open. I have lost about 50 out of 81 packed in the
above way and more will fail yet. 1 think it was
caused by (he long continued cold weatiier. Three-
fourths of the bees in this section are dead, I did not
"tinker" them either, but packed tliem away quietly
the 23it1 of Nov. last. I think we will all have to take
lessons of friend Bolin in wintering. I would like to
see the phiz of those that can keep bees, so please send
iuo the Medlev. N. E. Phentice.

Castalia, Liie Co., Ohio. April 5th, 1875.

But we did not say Jionei/ friend P., nor did
we i?ii7ik honey. "Sealed stores," means sugar
syrup fed in the warm weather in the fall,ln-
stead of honey from all sorts of weeds.

Bees are swarming, got five new ones already.
DiJ. J. M. Jancso. Los Angelos, Cal. Mar. 23, '75.

Do you l.;now how Mr. Quinby's bees came out last
soring •- lie i^aid he was going to keep some in cellar
until flowers made their appearance.

C. E. POTTEK, Eureka, Wis.

We have not heard from him directly in re-

gard to the matter, but think such experiments
have l)een on the whole rather favorable. The
present season it would have beta best to have
left our own bees in-doors, until about March
25th ; after that we had about 10 days of be;;u-
tiful weather for meal, before natural polk-ii.
We tliink it has been much better lor them to
liave been thus employed, than to have been
kept in-doors longer. We are at present deci-
dedly in favor of housing bees in this locality
from Nov. 1st, until about April 1st. Even
should the weather be quite warm in Nov., wc
find no difticulty in keeping them quiet in a
good close dark room.

It is with fcnv and trembling that we put the
following in print. We have just been up ou
the tower, screwed up all the bolts and made
everything tight, and now we are ready for
the "gale."

I disjiosed of my bees last winter and 1 find it lone-
some without my busy pets. I'll tell you what! there
is no use trying to keep bees without a woman to fix
things. That's so. If 1 should coax some nice little
Queen (woman) to "swarm" with me from the "old
hive," I am going to get another swarm of bees ; and
linaliy, if you divulge any of the secrets of this delec-
table epistle, I'll tear that irrepressible wind-mill all
to "eternal smash." —

We have been making some arrangements to ship
our bees North to Indiana in the spring and back to
Tenn. in the fall, thereby getting at least ten weeks
more work out of them in a year, which we think \v ill
pay for the transportation. Last fall the bees in Tenn.
stored about 50 lbs. of honey from the Aster, between
loth of Sept. and 1st of Nov., to each colony, where
the extractor was used in time. Several swarms came
oil' in oiu' Apiary at Gallatin, Tenn., in Sept., one of
them tilled 10 frames, L. hive, and 30 frames surplus
honey— making all the combs.

Forty-seven colonies in same Apiary, stored 2(300 lbs.
of extracted, and Uio lbs. box honey, and increased to
55, in lb74. In same place (Gallatin) the llev. J. W.
Shearer commenced the spring with one colony, in-
creased to live and extracted 43 j/aitojis of honey, and
most of this was from the Aster in the tall months.

Baknum & Peyton.

Edgefield Junction, Tenn. Feb. r2th, '75.

TENNESSEE ITEMS.

FRIEND NOVICE:—! have to-day (Nov. 17th) fin-
ished extracting— 91 colonies of Italians have increas--
ed to 110. and yielded 3500 lbs. of honey, 500 of it comb
honey. The spring was very unfavorable for bees in
this portion of the South, many colonies that were not
fed during April starved on account of having too
much brood to care for, then a severe drouth set in
quite early. The fall pasturage was excellent. Wild
Aster is very abundant throughout the state. Strong
colonies had the honey extracted two or three times
while it was in bloom. Hives that have not been ex-
tracted, have their combs tilled and sealed to the bot»
torn. If there should come much freezing weather
this winter large losses of colonies that have been
managed (?) on the "let alone system," raaj' be expect-
ed. Fkank IJKNTi^x, Edgeliekl Junction, Tenn.

From reports, we judge the result friend B.
feared, has already come to pass.

Bees with us were never in so good shape this time
of year before, brood in one to three frames and some
hatching. Htoring honey also in past two days, from
soft maple and willow— 'twill shake out the combs
like summer. J. Oatman & Co.

Dundee, Ills. April 8th, '75.

Then friend O., we have just been thinking
that it must be new honey that glistened so
brightly in the cells, but had we ready means
of deciding that it was not honey that had been
brought from some other part of the hive.
True enough if it is new honey, it will readily
shake out of the cells, have we not many a
time daubed new honey all over the clean
clothes Mrs. N. had just insisted on our "don-
ning," by simply turning a comb over to get a
good look at the brood V Reports come from

7'0

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

1875

all arouii'l, that never before was seen so beau-
tiful an April, for' bee-keepers. With the new
honey, our own are brini^ing great masses of
pollen, that we thinly comes from the slippery
Elm, (Ulmus Fulod) and in our eagerness to
see it in the cells we tumbled out a lot of it
from the other side of the comb ; as it rolled
about on the ground, we concluded we had
better stop upsetting their household treasures.
We never dkl see such continued loads of pol-
len, as now (April 10th) stream into our hives,
day after day.

Mit. Root, Dear Sir:— I have no doiiot there are
hundreils like me tvho woul'l prefer 2.) ibs. box honey
to 100 lbs. extracted, per hive. I have had from one
to ten of the double width hives foi- seven years and
have broken the whole wyt this fall. They are not as
populous in the sprinj? and do not feather so much box
honey nor any more extracted unless they are neither
of them meddled wltli for the season. Tlie reason ap-
pears to be, in a large liive there is room for the bees
to cluster at ni^ht, desertinsc the boxes unless very
hot. In a small one thev are forced to stav there and
if the boxes are occupied by ni^ht, there will be honey
put in them if there is any. If they are deserted nights,
there will be none put in, no matter how large the
swarm or how much honev. E. C. Newell.

Brookfield, N. H. Dec. ITth, '74.

But friend N., supposing you put in a divis-
ion board, and only give the the same amount
of room that you do in a single story until they
really need it, and then enlarge one comb at a
time.

I clamiied my bees last fall in the same place as
the winter before; we took them out the 7th of this
month, all in fine order, 35 in all. They are all from
that one box hive purchased the ilrst of June, 1873.
You will see on page 9. Jan. No., where you say "If
friend M. really means thaV Well it looks bigi but
they are there, and sure enough they came all from
tliat one box hive and this spring it is stronger than
ever before. It is easy to tell a bee master how it was
done— simply having plentj- of empty comb, extracted
honey, and flour— but to tell a new novice would be a
hai'd job for ms.

In the spring I made flour starch, and while hot ad-
ded the same <iuantity of lionev and f^d out-doors,
had them fly about 30 vards. I think they l)reed mucli
better than" when ted in the hive. I extracted till
about 10th Sept., about the last of that mouth fed
about 5 lbs. to each hive, of white sugar syru|), which
I think I hey store near their brood nest and that puts
them through the winter. The honey that is in the
out-side combs, they can get when they fly.

James McLay, Madison, Wis. April lith, '75.

Another direct report in favor of sugar, and
open air feeding.

Bees, I am sorry to say, are about played out in this
part of the country. I have been through and exavn-
ihed many hives of dead bees, ami find the bee malady
or dysentery the principal diflioulty. I opine that the
cause of dysentery is dry weather in summer an<i fall,
which stops brood roaring too soon and causes the
bees to work on cider and ripe fruits, whi'',h makes
bad winter stores ; then, a long cold winter that gives
no chance for a fl)% and it is not very strange that the
bees perish. My stock consisted of 17 colonies which
I put in cellar about the flrst of December, slept qui-
etly and all right until about '25th of Feb., when they
became damp and restless. The weather r(;mained
too colli to give them a fly until the loth of March; 7
out of 17 went up. However, that will all come right
■when we learn more about bees and get better pre-
pared to keep them. My present location is a good
one I think, as there is a large linden grove near in-
stead of a cider mill. B. F. Linusev.

Bushnell, Mcdonough Co., Ills. April 12th, '75.

Thanks for facts furnished. All now agree,
we believe, that sugar \n juM as (jood for winter
stores, and enough cheaper to pay the expense
of feeding. Supposing you invariably feed
tjirough Aug. and Sept. in all localities and
during all seasons that furnish no natural
stores, have you any doubt it would l)e an ex-
cellent investment? Even in th.s month, if

there is a period of warm weather, during
which the bees get no honey, feed by all means :
don't let brood rearing stop.

March 27th, set bees on suratoer stand, ;J1 in all. So>
far as I can see, all is well excei^t one which I lost
fair and Sfjuare. but can not account for it.

Would not take ten dollars for Qninby smoker if it
could not be replaced.

T. J. DoDi>s, Le Claire, Iowa.

I wish yon could see where friend Muth winters and
keeps his bees the year round ; he has them arranged
on shelves on the top of a three-story house, exposed
to all kinds ot weather, and the c'^'ld north winds
whistling and blowing hard enough sometimes to car-
ry them ofl", yet his uniform success ib a snrjn-ise to
everyone; not having lost more than one or two for
several years and those not from dysentery but Irons
having eaten their stores around them.

H. E. CURKr, Cincinnati, O.

Bee? in cellar yet. Seem to l>e in line condition.
Most of the bees in central N. Y. are on their summer
stands. Heavy losses are reported. Have examined
some lots, that were in fine condition, others lose
nearly all. K C Root, Mohawk, N. Y. Apr. 16, '75.

My bees are in fine condition this spring. I write
this to say that bees can use coal dust as pollen. The
swamp was burnt over again last fall, and the bees
have been bnsy this sprinor gathering dust oflTthe logs
and other places, and they have used it too, as Is
shown by their droppings around the yard, when fall-
ing on painted hives, it is perfectly black after i)assinff
the bee, as it was before. J. L. Davis.

Delhi, Mich. April 13th, 1875.

Something new to us. Yesterday while Father and
a liand were sawing a Maple for stove wood, the bees
came and clawed and tumbled around in the sawdust
and, as nicely as couhl be, they loaded up their little
legs with the" very ftnest of the ilust and took it home-
We could scarce believe our eyes, to-day the sawdust
is almost deserted for the willows. J. N. Lewis.

West Winsor, Eaton Co., Mich. April 7th, '75.

We have for many years been familiar with
the habits of bees in regard to sawdust, and
are now strengthened in our opinion by the
item furnished by friend Davis, as well as the
one above, that the sawdust meal etc., are used
something as cattle and horses often use earth
in the spring after being confined to one par-
ticular kind of food all winter. We can hardly
suppose that the dry earth and the sawdust
contain nutriment, yet we cannot think the
bees or cattle would take so much pains to get
these things were they not in some way bene-
ficial. Can some one give us further focts or
suggestions in the matter?

I am now feeding what few bees I have left, and
they are bulding up rapidly. I am anxious to get the
Extractor to extract honey to feed.

N. E. Pkentice. Castalia, O. April 10th, '75.

We have had several orders for Extractors
saying they wanted them to extract the honey
tor feeding, which is to us incomprehensible, foi'
we have always supposed that the very nicest,
and most economical way to feed was to have
honey in the comb. These combs can with the
utmost ease be placed close to the brood,
and if we wish to stimulate still fiister, we
have only to slice ofl'the caps, as has been pre-
viously mentioned. For building up colonies,
encouraging brood rearing, or supplying the
needful amount of food, we should prefer ■^ lbs.
sealed up, to 4 lbs. in the liquid state any time,
for it is already deposited in the combs, with-
out waste in capping, storing, etc.

I examined a hivo of bees a few miles from here,
which were all dead, the hive h iving a very nni)leas-
ant smell ab<nitit: liiey were all up in the top coml>«
in clusters, covered with a soi-t of mould resembling
sulphur, but there wan no br^iod In any ^lage to be

May.

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE

71

lound. The owner said Ihcj' liad honey after they
(lleil but the conihs were empty when"! (-iiw them ;
there were other hives on tlie Vanie s^tand. What 1
would like to know, is whether the eomhn will be lit
to use aj-'ain willi sal'etv ?

W'm. 1). /i;m.. Lancaster, Pa. April l.'ith, ',.).

Tlu' boos inai/ have died from want of upward
ventilation, but it is more probable that it was
the prevailing; malady. When the cluster licets
small thej^ often become demoralized apparent-
ly, and their last move is to wander aimlessly
1o diflereut parts of the hive, in a miserably
damp wet state. After warm we-.ither, if not
removed, they exhibit the yellow mould men-
tioned. Other bees, carried off the honey
without doubt.

We would use the combs and honey too
without hesitation but should endeavor to
itave tlie latter all used up durin*; brood rear-
injr. We useil a large quantity last summer,
and some of it when given to the lx;es, looked
bad enough, but they soon made it all sweet
and clean.

Our bees are dying of old age faster than we ever
knew them, we suppose owing to their not raising any
J onng bees last lall to any amount after the flrst of
8eptember ; and here we will say that we could never
raise brood to any amount alter the lirst frost, either
Ijy feeding or any other means. We have succeeded
in getting the (Jueeus to lay but the bees would not
hatch the eggs. We close the entrance to all hives on
■every cool night and lieep them closed unless the
inercTiry rises above 45° as described by us in A. B. J.,
and wlien opening them in the morning we And at
many of the hives from one table-spoonlul to half a
(ea-cui'f\d of dead bees at the entrance that die during
the night. Although we have liad very nice spring
weather so lar, we find many of our colonies reduced
\ o mere handluls of bees ami we are afraid if the mor-
tality keeps on we shall have a slim show when apple
blossoms open. We have a few swaims taken in cel-
3ar for exi)eriment but the result is the same.

G. M. DooLiTTLi;, Borodino, N. Y. Apr. 15th, '75.

We can hardly think it advisable to rear
much brood in lall, after frost, and in fact we
would have them stored away in winter quar-
ters, before heavy frosts. Closing the entrances
during cool nights in the spring may be a good
idea, and we would not for an instant encour-
age any one in thinking he might omit neces-
sary duties ; yet if hives could be made that
would equally equally well without this fuss-
ing with, during cold and disagreeable weather,
we should prefer them. With a few hives, it
is but a small task, but to go around to 50 or
(■;0 night and morning when the ground is wet
and slippery we find somewhat disagreeable.
Our bees too, are showing a greater number
<lead in front of the hive, than we like to see,
Ixit we really cannot discover that our efforts
to mend matters, have much effect either way.
It may be, that it is only the old bees dying a
natural death. So many reports of experiments,
or perhaps, to call things by their right names,
^'tinkeriiirf bees in cold weather, have resulted
in nothing but loss, perhaps we may be excu-
sed for strongly insisting, that they be care-
fully attended to when it is warm, and then
let alone during cold si)ells. Closing the en-
trances the evening before a heavy frost threat-
ens, may do very well, but even then we have
serious doubts of its efficacy. Strong colonies
take care of themselves in almost all
<-'mcrgencies. We have tried hot-beds, glass
houses, stoves, and a host of appliances to en-
able us to nurse up weak colonies in the spring,
colonies that should in the fall have been uni-
\i:<[J\te into one instead of being scattered in
live hives. Have we ever yet recovered from

that folly of follies, of calling a quart of bees, a
colony fit to winter? We, are conscious that
it hangs about "Our oion Apiary," and we be-
gin to feel it is the disease of all others thtit is
dillicult to eradicate.

The following is in regard to a house for
meal feeding, so arranged as 1o keep olf all
wind and rain and yet admit the sun freely,
and also the bees. When the bees are educa-
ted to seek such a spot, we may llnd it of ser-
vice at other seasons than spring.

EDITOR Gleaninos:— Having been re<iue!-l<d to
describe my method of meal I'eeding lor liees ] ilo so
with pleasure. I use a box five feet by six with an
incline often inches. The height may be regulated to
suit the taste of individuals. For covering for a box
of above dimensions I place four tiers of glass, size
lOxl'2, the longest way, alternating with gtrijis of
board. This renders the interior of the framework
very light and the rays of the sun passing througli tlic
glass also add to the warmth of the interior. On the
Iront where entrance Is made for the bees, 1 use half
inch boards which are put in by fitting into a groove
above and below. The object of this is to widen or
narrow the spaces of entrance to suit the condition of
the weather. On tlie top where the glass reaches the
lowest place of inclination J leave a space of about %
of an inch, under the glass, as the proper place of exit
lor the bees when they wish to leave the feeder. On
each side of the glass I put strips of board filling out
the widtli of the frame. This however can be dispen-
sed with and more glass iiseil suiting the taste of the
individual. The corners are lastened together by
wire hooks and can be taken down or put u)> in a very
short space of time, and when packed retiuire vei\v
little room. When 1 wish them to feed upon the meal
1 place the meal inside the frame scattering it over
the bottom, and sjjrinkle over it a lew drops of Anise.
To this the bees are attracted and in a short time
are busily at work. G. W. Dean.

Kiver Styx, Medina Co., O. April 17th, 1875.

No bar of wood or any thing, should be pla-
ced under the glass at its lower edge, but
they should be allowed to slide out, where they
strike the glass, without obstruction.

Fully two-thirds of the bees left on their summer
stan(i8 are dead. A neighbor having 150 swarms,
loses about ICO, the rest are left very weak. He was
careful to tread tlie snow down around the hives after
every storm. Another neighbor, having 8 swarms left
the snow over his hives and they came through alive;
still another having 4, two of which were completely
covered by a drift— and two exposed, saved the two
in the drill, while the two exposed died.

I wintered my bees in the cellar, never had better
success. Set them out on the 7th of April and up to
present date they have had only 3 days in which to
tly. Some of them are weak but every swarm is alive
and has a laying Queen. If I can only bring them all
to flowers without that S'w arming out process, how I
will sail my best hat in spite of the remonstrances of
my better half, who, by the way is terribly afraid ot
bees and isn't very loud of honey, though mind you
when we were "sparking" there was nothing like
"honey."

1 had two swarms that showed signs of dysentery,
though they were not exposed to a lower temperature
than 35° above zero. I gave them a fly under a small
sash of glass, put them in the cellar again, and they
remained quiet until set out; they are not strong.
Nearly all of my 10 frame hives come out with very
few dead bees on the bottom board, while some of my
long 24 frame hives have a quart or more, temperature
of the cellar all winter averaged about 40°.

I am in a <iuandary, don't know whether to run my
Apiary for box or exti acted honey. If I could con-
tract my extracted for not less than 16 cts. per lb., not
less than '2000 lbs., 1 would go for that.

There is one more thing I wish to mention. I re-
ceived a Quinby Smoker just before setting my bees
out and have given it a trial, and I must say it's a
cai)ital device. 1 now have no fear of setting quilts or
mats or combs on fire, it's an indispensable tool in
our Apiary.

Tell Mrs. N. that getting stung now and then is a
sure cure forbad ellecfs of bee })oison, the eflcct of a
sting is nothing comijared to what it formerly was
on my jierson, there is now no swelling and scarcely
anv pain, where mv eyes used to swell shut.

J. II. MAiniN, iiratlcrd, X. Y. April IClh, 1575.

64

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

1875

TRANSFERRING.

From the number of inquiries received, we
aire obliged to think that notwithstanding all
We have said on the subject, something farther
is needed. Those who have back volumes
should look at pa<res 33, amd 04, Vol. 1, and
page 100, Vol. 2. We firmly believe eren/ one
of our readers can do their own transferring,
and do it nicely, if they will only make up
their minds that they will succ^jed. If you are
awkward and inexperienced it will take you
lonsrer, that is all.

We have said so often, that the best time was
during the period of fruit blossoms, that it
seems almost needless to repeat it. Be sure
that you have cleared away all rubbish, from
about your box hive or gum, for a space of at
least 6 feet all around. We should decidedly
prefer to have the hive stand directly on the
ground with all rough and uneven places filled
Tip with sawdust nicely stamped down. Make
it so clean and tidy that you can find a needle
if you should drop it, and be sure you leave no
cracks or crevices in which the Queen or bees
may hide or crawl. Make all these arrange-
ments, several days beforehand Lf possible, so
that the bees may be well acquainted with all
the surroundings and be full at work ; remem-
ber we wish to choose a time when as many
bees as possible are out at work, for
they will then be nicely out of the way. About
10 o'clock A. M. will probably be the best time
if it is a warm still day. Get all your applian-
ces in readiness, every thing you can think of
that you may need, and some other thiugs too
perhaps. You will want a fine toothed saw, a
hammer, a chisel to cut nails in the old hive,
tacks, and thin strips of pine, unless you have
the transferring clasps, a large board to lay the
combs upon, (the cover to a Langstroth hive
does ''tip top") an old table cloth or sheet fold-
ed up to lay under the combs to prevent bump-
ing the heads of the unhatched brood too se-
verely, a honey knife or a couple of them, if
you have none get a couple of long thin bladed
bread or butcher knives, and lastly a basin of
water and a towel to keep every thing washed
Tip clean. Now as we have said before, this is
really a great part of it women's work, and if
you cannot persuade your wife or sister, or
some good friend among the sex to help, j'ou
are not fit to be a bee-keeper. In saying this
we take it for granted, that women the world
over, are ready and willing to assist in any
useful work, if they are treated as fellow beings
and equals. The operation of transferring will
afibrd you an excellent opportunity to show
your a.ssistant many of the wonders of the bee
liive, and in the role of teacher, you may dis-
cover that you are stimulating youi'self to a
degree of skill that you would not be likelj^ to
attain otherwise.

A Quiuby smoker will be very handy, but if
you have not one, make a smoke of some bits
of rotten wood in a pan ; blow a little smoke
in at the entrance of the hive, but do not get
the sawdust on fire. Tip the old hive over
backward, and blow in a little more smoke to
drive the bees down among the combs, let it
stand there, and place the new hive so that the
entrance is exactly in place of the old one ;
put a large newspaper in front of the entrance
on the ground, and let one edge lie under the
entrance to the new hive. The returning bees

laden with pollen, and honey, are now alight-
ing, and going into the hive, and out again in-
dismay at finding it empty. We now want to-
get one comb in for them, to let them know
that it is their old home. Move the old hiv<-
back a little farther so you can get all arount?
it, and give them a little more smoke whenever
they seem disposed to be obstreperous ; and
now comes the trial of skill and ingenuity.
The problem is, to get those crooked irregular
combs, out of that old hive, and then to fix
them neatly in the movable frames.

Your own good sense will have to dictate
much in this matter. Saw ofi'the cross sticks-
if such there be, and with your thin knife cut
the combs loose from one side ; cut off" the
nails and pry ofl'this side, but don't get the hon-
ey to running if you can help it. We have as
yet said nothing about bee veils and notwith-
standing we keep them to sell, we really do
not think you need any, unless you are so care-
less as to get the honey running and start rob-
bers. When the side is off", you can probably
get one comb out. Lay it on the folded table-
cloth, take out the comb guide, lay the frame
on it, and let your feminine friend cut it so as
to require that the frame be sprung slightly to-
go over it. With the clasps she can fasten the
combs in, as fast as you can cut them out ; if
sticks and tacks, strings, or rubbers be used it
will take some longer. When the frame is to
be lifted into a horizontal position, the board,
cloth and all is to be raised with it. With the
wash basin and towel, keep the honey neatly
wiped up. If robbers begin to aimoy, keep a
cloth over the two hives. Put the brood as
nearly together as you can conveniently, or
some of it may get chilled. When you get
near the central combs, you will probably lift
out large clusters of bees with the comb ; these
are to be shaken and brushed off" on the news-
paper; if they do not seem disposed to crawl
into the hive take hold of the edge of the paper
and shake them up toward the entrance ; they
will soon go in. A paper is better tlian a clotli,
for they cannot stick fast to it. Save out the
drone comb, and fix it all in a frame or frame?;
by itself It will do well for surplus honey,
but we don't want it in the brood chamber.
Utensils, and bits of comb that have much
honey daubed on them may be put in the upper
story for the bees to clean up, but if the weath-
er is cool, keep the quilt down over them close-
ly for a day or two. We would look them
over carefully every day or two, and as fast as
they get the combs fastened, remove the clasps,
or other fastenings and bend the comljs into
place as we mentioned last month. Each op-
eration is very simple and easy in itself if you
go about it at the proper time and in the right
way. Bear in mind that the Ix^es from first to
last, are to be kept constantly in subjection,
by use of the smoke, and that you must never
let them get the faintest idea, that t)y any pos-
sibility can they become master. Send them
back among the combs as often as they poke
their heads out, until they are perfectly sub-
dued, and hang in quiet clusters, like bees at
swarming time.

There, if we have not touched all points
Ictus know and we will try again. If you
have any trouble it will probably be because
you are careless.

AD VER TISERS ' DEPAR TMENT.

We will senil Gi.k\nix(;s—

With Tin- Aiuovicaii lU'f Journal ($2.00) Si.

'• The Roc Keeper's Majiaziue ( 1.25) I.

" The Bee World ( 2.00) 2.

" All three, Tlie Bee Journals of America, . . .•'i.

" American AfjricuUurist (Sl.iiO) $2.

'• Prairie Farmer (S2.15) 2.

" Rural New Yorker |$2..iO) :{.

'• National Airriculturist ( 1.2.">) ;{.

" '*ci"'ntilic .\nieric:Hi (S:5.1,i)

" Fruit Recorder and Oottag:e Gardener (31.00)..!.
[Above rates hichirlr all Postaf/e.]

Names of responsible parties will lie Inserted \n
either ol the folluwiuir de|)arlments, at a unllorm
prif'c of 10c. each iiisci-lioii. or *1.0(i )>ci- ycur.

N^ames inserted in this dci)artmcnt the first time
without charge.

Books for Bee-Keepers.

BENT postpaid on recei|)t of price.

Lanirsiroth on the Hive and Honey Bee $2.00

Quinhv's Mvsteries of Bee Kee)»ing L.'iO

Bee Keeper's Text Book, muslin 7-5

" " " " paper, 4o

Good Books.

These, though not specially desiirned for Bee-
keepei's, have a tendency to inculcate princi-
ples that ensure .success in bee-keeping as well
as almost all other rural pursuits.

The first on the list should be in the hands
of every one who has planted grape vines to
shade tlie hives, as we have advised.

Any of these books will be forwarded by mail, post-
paid, on receipt of price.

Fuller's (irape Oulturist SI..W

Fuller's Small Fruit Culturist \M)

Fuller's Strawberry Culturist 1.30

Fuller's Forest Tree Culturist . .....1..^0

Henderson's (Jardenina: for Profit 1..50

H'?iiderson's Practical Floriculture L.'iO

Tim Bunker Papers 1..50

Ten Acres Enough 1.2.')

Roosevelt's Five Acres too Much 1.50

Art of Saw Filiag (Holly) 75

Window Gardeninpr 1..50

Leuchar's How to build .Hot-Hou«es 1..50

Play an<l Profit in mv Garden. Rev. E. P. Roe. .1.50

Warinjr's Draining for Prolit and Health 1..50

Onion Culture 20

Purdy's Small Fruit Instructor .25.

A-verill Chemical DPaint.

THE O.V/.l' RELIABLE. ^
THE MOST BEAUTIFUL. *
THE .IfO.Sr ECONOMICAL.
THE MOST DURABLE.

Requires no oil thinner or drier,
Reqi\ires no waste of time in mixing,
Has stood eif/ht gears'' criticisms
With i/rar!}/ increased popularity
And t/carli/ increased sales.
Is sold by the gallon only, in packasces of from 1 to
40 '.rallons each, in Purest White and auj^ Color or
Ti'it desired.
Address, for sample card of colors and price list,

Averill Clxeniical I*£iiTit Co.,

Olfice and Factorv 132 * VM East River Street,

CLEVELAND, OHIO.

ITAIL.TAiV BEES.

ITALIAN Qt^EENS bred from imported mothers—
a month earlier than In the North. Purity and
^if ' arrival guaranteed. Also full colonies of Italians
in Langstroth hives for sale at $15.00 per colony.
Address Dr. J. P. H. BROWN, Augusta, Ga.

O X^ XT T$ R.VTES on 175 Papers. Send for
C Tu XJ Ti List including Agents' Rates on
H O O TC (S bv mail post-paid— 4on ir. List—
1$ O O Kl J^ Binghams' Agency, Sparta, Wis.
" 12t9p

TO BEE-KEEPERSl

Ti^XN'S POROUS DOUBLE WALLED BEE HIVE,

A SUCCESS—

lu wintering Bees on their summer stand. Circular
free. Say where you see this notice.

3p

Address

KEYES & FINN,

Clyde, Jasper Co., Io\vi

Those whose names appear below, agree to furnish

Italian (Queens the conilug season for Sl.oo each, un-
der the followiiiir condilions ; No guarantee Is to Le
asj^uiufd of |)iirity, safe delivei'v or anv thing of the
kind, only that llic (^ucen be reareil from .a choice.
IHire moibor. They also agree to return the money at
any time when customers become impatient of siich
delay as may be unavoidable.

Bear in niind that he who sen<ls the best Queens,
put up neatest and most securely, will ]irobablv re-
ceive the most orders. Special rates for warranted
and tested Queens, furnish'^l on atiplicatiou to any of
the partie-s. Names with *, use an Imported (iu'een
mother. It wante<l by mail, send lOc. extra.

G. W. Dean, River Styx. Medina Co., Ohio.

* J. Oatinan & (;o., Dundee. Ills. .3t'2
Dr. .1. P. H. Brown. Augusta, Georgia.

M. E. McMasters. Shelbyville, Missouri. 2tl

Eli Coble. Cornersville. Marshall Co., Tenn. 2tl

* J. M. C. Taylor. Levvistown, Frederick Co., Md. 4-9
C. Gould & Co., Onargo. Iroquois Co., 111. 4-C
A. J. Weidner, Bigler, Adams Co., Pa. .5-10

W iwm M it IX II f si; ©i 'HIP ^mm »

^Vho agree to make such hivi's, and at the prices
named, as those described on our circular.

Geo. T. Wheeler, Mexico. N. Y.

J. H. Martin. Hartford, N. Y. Hives Sl.OO to S3.50.
Frames $i.00 per 10". Supports for 100 frames 50 cents.
Sample frame by mail 10 cts.

XTJ^lL,XJ^Jsr BEES.

Full Stock, 5fl5.O0. Tested Queens in May, $4.00 each,
after June 1st. $;}.00 each. Warranted Queen in May,
S3.00 each, after June 1st. S2..'i0 each, or six for $12.oa
Bred from Imported and Selected Stock. Sent by mail.
Also, Eggs from Light Brahma Fowls, S1..50 per'doz.
Address, T. G. McGAW,
Monmouth,
Lock Box 04. 4-6 p Warren Co.. III.

THIRTEEN years experience in propagating
Italian Bees. Queens Avill be bred direct from
Imported Mothers and warranted pure and fertile.
Send for ray circular. Wm. W. CARY,

Itf Colerain, Franklin Co., Mass.

HOW can the most Honey be jiroduced in the most
convenient and salable form? Answer: By us-
ing our improved hives and Sectional Honey boxes.
Try them. Address, BARKER & DICER,

4-5 Marshall, Mich.

BEES Wanted.— For further infonnation address
4-6 p SPENCER STRONG, Akron, Ind.

You cannot look over the back No's of GLEANINGS
or any other Periodical with satisfaction, unless they
are in some kind of a Binder. Who has not said—
"Dear me what a bother — I nmst have last
month's Journal and it's no where to bo found." Put
each No. in the Emerson Binder as soon as it comee
and you can sit down happy, any time you wish to find
any thing you may have previously seen even though
it were months ago.

Binders lor Gleanings (will hold them for four
years) gilt lettered, free by mail for .50, 60. and 7.5c. ac-
cording to quality. For table of prices of Bimiers for
anv Periodical, see Oct. No.. Xo). 2. Send in vour
orders. A. I. ROOT & CO., Medina, O.

ADVERTISERS' DEPARTMENT.

MUTH'S ADVERTISEMENT.

HONEX JARS.

One pound (square) Jars, per gross, 16.50

Two " *• " " 8.50

One " '• " Flint glass per gross 9.00

Two " " " " " " " 11-00

Corks fori and 21b. jars 75

Tin Foil Caps, per gross 1.20

Isabels, " " 75

A thousand labels address printed to order 5.00

One qt. fnnt jars, Mason's patent, per gross 18.00

iabels for same, " " 65

A thousand labels addrees printed to order 4.25

Uncapping Knives, as good as any, each 50

*' " perdoz 4.50

Alsike Clover Seed, per bushel 15.00

" " " " peck 4.00

" " " " pound 35

I^AlVGSTrtOTH BEE MI VEH,
Straw Mats, Bee Veils etc., at reasonable rates.

For further particulars, Address,
Itf CHAS. F. MUTH, Cincinnati, Ohio.

ARTIFICIAL COMB.

I will furnish sheets, wax comb foundation, 6x12 inch-
es, sixteen for 82.50, per express.

Address. FRED VTEISS,
4-7 Care of W. B. Cobb, Box 2389. N. Y. City.

QUEENS, from Pure, three-banded, Italian Bees.
Cells started from eggs only, in strong Colonies.
No black bees within a mile, and but few within
six miles. Discount on two or more. Warranted, at
$2..50. Tested, S3. C. Gould & Co.,

4-6 Onargo, Iroquois Co., 111.

Tlie Bee-Keepers'
MagraiKine, edited by
H. A. King, the only Il-
lustrated Magazine
treating of Bee-Cul ture
lin the United States. 32
pages. Terms, 11.25 a year
with a present. The 64
l^age specimen number,
with beautiful life-like
chromo of Italian bees and
honey plants (price .50 cents), sent free with the Mag-
azine five months for 50 cents. Agents wanted. Ad-
dress \V. B. COBB, Publisher, 75 Barclay Street, N. Y.

OUR Bee Journal of the Southern States. Issued
monthly at 82.00 per year. Sample copies free.

Address A. F. MOON & Co. Rome, Georgia.

Every Bee-Keeper should
subscribe for this Monthlj'.
It is the oldest and best
Drr TATfDimf ■ scientific and practical
DLL J UUIIJ1AL.V Journal of Apiculture in
the World. The most suc-
cessful and experienced
Apiarians in this country
and Europe contribute to its pages. Terms, $2.00
!i year in advance, i^end a ^tanip for a Sample
Copy. Address, THOMAS G. NEWMAN,

Cedar Rapids, Iowa.

IMPORTED BEES

For the past seven years we have Importe<i bees
from Italy and have failed nearly every time, by lack
of knowledge of the true conditions necessary for so
long a jonrney, and on account of the carelessness of
the shippers. But we are now succeeding so well
that we receive ninety per cent of the Queens alive.
We claim to be
The only regvilav Importers of

ITALIAN BEES IN THIS COUNTRY.
We received over One Hundred Queens in the sea-
son of 1874. Our Queens come from th^ best districts
of Italy. Thev are all young.

We winter 60 Imported Queens in our Apiary, and'

will sell them in fall colonies in the spring, safe

arrival guaranteed.

Price : Colony of Italians with Imported Queen 820.00

" " home bred " 15.00

Our hives are pood, well painted movable frame

hives. For particulars address

CH. DADANT & SON, Hamilton,

Hancock Co., Ills.

^'TT^WOUGH! ENOUGH! he screaming cried,"
-t^ and so do I. Please stop sj.nding orders

for 81. Canada Qtieens, as I intended having them all
filled by July 1st, and can't hope to do so if you keep
sending orders.

Yours in bees, F. A. ALLEN, fnot "■Aacna.'^\

N. B, Ail orders received will be filled, but no more

solicited. Huntingdon, Province Quebec, Canada.

Present address 109 Bleury St., Montreal.

^FEJESiaiir

ZLJI Tlie BEST in u»e.
Maniple t»y snail 9» cents.

nfln'ill Circular free. Address

Ml c.c.vAW i»EUSEar,

tS^l Sproat Brook, IV.Y.

No Black Bees to Interfere with pure fertilization.
Unwarranted t^ueens Sl.OO. Wm-rantcd 83.00. Bred
from daughters of imported or home bred Queens.
Full Colonies Italian Bees 813.00. Address
3t8p J. OATMAJTA CO., Dundee, Kane Co., Bis.

125 COLONIES PURE ITALIANS^

We have purchased of the late Dr. T. B. Hamlin's
stock of Bees. 1'25 COLONIES PURE ITALIANS
in Langstrotli's Improved Hives, 10 frames, which we
offer at the reduced price of 813.00 per colony, deliver-
ed on cars at Edgefield Junction, Tenn.
3t6p BARNUM & PEYTON.

SEEDS AND BULBS^

TLLUSTRATED SPRING CATALOGUE FOR 1875

1 NOW READY,

sent with a specimen of The American Garden^

a new Illustrated Journal of Garden Art, edited by
James Hogg, on receipt of ten cents.

BEACH, SON & CO., Seedsmen,
.Stfx 76 Fulton St., Brooklyn, N. Y.

One Copy One Year 75 Cents, or with Lithograph of Apiary, size 12x16, Mailed Free, Postpaitl, $1.01), or Litho-
graph will be sent as a Premium for Two Subscribers at 75 cents each.
Any person obtaining Three Subscribers at 75 Cents each, may retain 25 Cents for their trouble.
f " Five " " "' " 75

" " Ten " " " " 2.50 " "

Any number above Ten will be sent at the rate of Fifty Cents each.

Names may be sent at any time during the year, and whenever a club is reached, wo will credit
back the amount previously sent us in excess of the Clul) Rates. In this wav anv o\' tlie

Articles Mentioned on our PRICE LIST may be Secured as PREMIUMS.

Please mention when names are intended for Clubs. An acknowledgment will be sent in all cases
on receipt of money— for any purpose whatever— by return mail. Volumes I, & II, may be counted on
the same terms, as we have a

Large Supply of BACK UUMBERS Provided for new Beginners !

AjB we cannot take the space in fiitiuc numbers to go over the same ground again, and Volume One
cmitaius the entire Fundamental Principles and

Grroixnd. A^^orls: for* S^tarting- an ^^piarjj^.

or how to Realize the Most Money with the Smallest Expenditure of Capital
and Labor in the Care of Bees, Rationally Considered.

I»TJB3L.IISirE:r> MOIVTIILY, at M3^I>IT>f a, oiiio,

B"Sr A^. I. ]ROOT & CO,

In the Preparation of this Journal tJie following are the Principal Periodicals Consulted :

ADaii'l^l'©ii'Mi ®''®© S@''mWWLWtM® Clarke, and Mrs. Tvpper.

Wmm W®^l'fl® A. F. Moon & Co.

[Also Bound Volume.'^ of the former since 1860. and Files of all other Bee Journals that haxe been

Published in America.']

Mm^sl If ©^ WmWMmw<^ .
^m'mmMww ^m>Mt%m^mm'g>

O O IV T

Page.

Adulteration of Honey 73

How to bottle Honey 7^5

California Honev 73

Glucose ami Grape Sugar 73

< )ur own Apiary 74

Artlticial Swarming 74

< .>ueen Rearing 75

How to save all the Queen cells 75

Is there a bee disease? 76

About the Rail Road Apiary 77

The Egyptian Bees in their native land 77

Irregularity in the dimensions of frames 78

When to sow Rape 79

Automatic Hiver. Patents etc 79

Humbugs and Swindles 79

E IV T S r

Page.

Honey Column 80

Honev from Spanish Needle 80

The "Boss Feeder" ■ 80

losing soiled combs etc 81

"Door yards" for Hives 81,

California 82

Device for getting swarms down 83

Katie and Maggie Grimm 82

Natural and artificial stores 82

Trans|iorting bees with suspended frames. ...82

Taking bees on shai'es 83

Was the Manure experiment a failure 'f 84

Buzz Saws 84

Royal Jellv for introducing tjucens 84

Simplicity "Hives versus old style 84

r

ADVERTISERS' DEPARTMENT.

COittPLETIOIV OF THE MEDL.EY.

LAST AURIVALS.

SUIVDRY MATTERS.

^aJi?RS. L. L. Langstkoth, like manj' other
Ml3ti noble women, may never receive //vwi the
world the credit really dne her. Ouce in speak-
ing of her Mr. L. casnally remarked that his
work on the Honey Bee, was completety re-
written by her own hand, corrected, and punc-
tnated so thoroughly, that the proof reader
had scarcely to add a comma. In a consider-
able correspondence we had with her shortly
iMtore her death, in regard to Mr. L's then very
"p^or health, we were vividly impressed with
the idea that among the noble and unselfish
christian women of our land, there are un-
known heroines, that deserve places far above
those chronicled in history.

Mr. Samuel Wagner. But, says some of
our readers, we have been told, that Mr. W.
never had a picture taken. Such is really the
case dear friends, but Mr. Langstroth informed
us, that he had in his possession a picture so
nearly resembling Mr. W., that even his own
family had been deceived l)y it, and that it
would give us almost an exact representation
of how our old friend looked. As we could do
no better, we haye given it with this a^xjlogy.

S. B. Parsons, the man who for many years,
has had so much to do with the cultui'e of
Roses at Flushing, L. I., and who has in fact
written a book about them, was one of the
most instrumental in first introducing the Ital-
ian bees to this country.

W. W. Gary, is also one of our pioneers.
He writes as follows :

I am sixty years of age, have kept bees 43 years with
varied success. North-western Mass. is not a rich
country for bees, consequently but few are kept. My-
self anil son have nearly one-half there is in town, we
have now only about 60 colonies, sometimes over 100,
we sell some each year. Our bees wintered quite well
the past winter. I have practiced wintering in the
cellar for the past 25 years. We have had a fearful
cold long winter, our bees were in the cellar five
months, it is still cold, bees have not gathered any
pollen yet— those that wintered their bees on summer
stands liave suffered fearfully.

Colerain, Mass. April 26th, 1875.

D. A. Jones, Tecumseth, Canada, writes :
Inclosed please find my photograph and if you can-
not find a place for it in the Medley, just hang it on
the end of my Swarm Catcher and it will do in place
of a bunch of "mullein heads." For the last five years
I have averaged from 100 to '275 lbs. ot honey per hive,
and kept increasing my stocks, and to all that wish to
dig gold without going from home I would say, study
bee-keeping and when you dig to the bottom of the
science you will find larger chunks of gold than there
is in California.

Aye, Aye, friend Jones, and this gold can be
dug while you are right side by side with your
wife and children and where they can join in
the peaceful and ennobling pursuit.

P. W. McFatridge, Carthage, Ind., writes :
Put it in for a great range of view as I am one of the
lieavy beo-keepers (I weighed last winter 245 pounds
avoirdupois, If vou don't call that "heavy" wliat do
you call it ?) We expect to have 12000 lbs. of lioney
this season, we may have to do with less though.

Aug. Christie, Onawa, la. Page 51, Vol. 2.
Lyman Legg, Rose, Wayne Co., N. Y. P. 81.
J. N. Twining, Camden, O.
T. R. Allen, Syracuse, N. Y.

E. J. Oatman, Dundee, Ills. Cover to June
No. Vol. 2, and page 05.

Mr. Cobh has sold the Mcujazine to Messrs. King &
Sisson, 61 Hudson St., N. Y.

The superiority of the Italians has been so fully
demonstrateil in thousands of Apiaries, that we can-
not think it a duty to devote space to the subject.
Those who writ^ us for our opinion on tlie matter
must accept this in place of mentioning their various^
merits in detail.

As we are paying considerable sums of money for
the insertion of the following advertisement in vari-
ous papers, we shall consider it a favor, to have our
readers send us the names of bee-keepers, whom they
may think would like to see a sample copy.

Eg5~Kind reader, if vou are in any way interested ir»

bees" or HOUEY,

we will witli pleasure send you a sample copy of our
Oleaiilnj^s In Bco C'liltxire.

Simply write your address plainly on a postal card
and a<ldress A. I. ROOT & CO., Medina, O.

Advertisements will be received at the rate of t«n
cents per line, Xonpariel space, each insertion, cash
in advance ; and we require that every Advertiser
satisfies us of his responsibility and intention to do
all that lie agrees, and that his" goods are really worth
the price asked for them.

"Sweet are the uses of advertisements" exclaimed
Mrs. Partington. We wonder if the good old lady
was not a bee-keeper.

1 lb. Kound Jars per gross S5.50

2 " " " " " 7.!M>

Corks " " 75c. and 1.00

K Pt. Honey Tumblers, plain or ribbed, per doz. . 40

t; doz in a box. Packages 40

%. Pt. Honey Tumblers, plain or ribbed, per doz . . 50

6 doz. in a box. Packages 45

'i Pt. Honey Tumblers, Tin Top, per doz. 65

6 doz. in a box. Packages 40

}i Pt. Honey Tumblers, Tin Top, per doz 75

f) doz. In a box. Packages 45

Also Window Glass, Lamp Chimneys and Glass-
ware of all kinds. For sale by B. L. FAHNESTOCK,
late B. li. Fahnestock, Fortune & Co., Glass Manufac-
turers, 76 Wood St., Pittsburgh, Pa. 6-7d

FROM THE HAMLIN APIARY.

Safe arrival and Purity guaranteed. One tested
Queen in May 84.00, five for JIS.ik). Fifty cts. less, per
Queen, in each succeeding month during the season.

Cut Linnber for a 15 frame Langstroth hive. Prices
on application.
5-7 BARNUM & PEYTON, Edgefield Jimction, Tenn.

BEES Wan ted.—For further information address
4-6 p SPENCER STRONG, Akron, Ind. ■

SUITIlttER RAPE SEED 1.5c ner lb. By mail./in
cloth bag 35c per lb. A. I. ROOT & Co., INIedina, O.

f^ ENIJIIVE CHINl'^SE Mustard Seed, just import-
V X ed from France by us. Per packet 5c, per oz. -250,
per lb. $:?.00, sent post-))aid by mail. For description
see Dr. Kirtland's article, page 18, Feb. No.

A. 1. ROOT & Co., Medina, O.

Nlec fresh clean seed, raised in our own neighbor-
hood. Ten lbs. or over, 30c, less tlian 10 lbs., 35c, sent
by mail In clotli bag 50c })cr lb.

A. I. liO(JT & Co., Medina, O.

THIRTEEN yearsi experience in propagating
Italian Bees. Queens will be bred direct from
ImpiirtiMl Mothers and warranted pure and fertile.
Scud for my circular. Wm. W. CA1?T,

Itf ('olerain, Franklin Co.. Mass.

IDE^^OTEID E:x:CX^TJSITrEX."5r TO BEES -A^UvTID HOISTE^S-

Vol. nL

JUNE 1, 1875.

No. VI.

ADUIiTERATIOBT OF HOIVET.

BY CHARLES K. MUTH.

BKAKXOVICE:— IvviUsoivlyou l)y to-nmiTow's
mail a sample of dry frrape sugar and a small
liottle of fluid grape sugar, or glucose. This is

the kind made in St. Louis, Mo. Astonishing ({uanti-
ties of It are sold to distillers, brewers an(l honey-
dealers, as I have leai'ned from the agent of the manu-
factory, who is a friend and lives in our city. I was
tr\-lng to get the- names of honey-dealers, but he Is pos-
irive in not mentioning names to anybody.

A friend nnd good honey customer, wlio is a drug-
gist, when buying a lot of honey a few weeks ago, said
that he was buying of me because he believed the hon-
ey to be pure, and that he wanted to do his own "mix-
ing." He thought, also, that I was not able to pick
out my pure from his mixed honey. However, he was
mistaken in that. He had taken I part honey and 4
parts glucose; and I must say that he had the flavor,
and almost the transparency and color, in the adulter-
ated honey ; but not the "acid," which all pure honey
has. One might say it tasted pleasantcr than pure
honey.

Glucose being grape sugar, is the next relative to
honey and crystalizes with the honey. At least so my
friend assures me. It sells at 7><c. per lb. in Cincin-
nati. The adulteration of honey Is carried on to such
.an extent that it is very likely' to injure the honey
business. The reputation of the dealer is almost the
sole safeguard to consumers. Our markets will be
overstocked on account of adulterated honey, so that
every one of us will have to retail his own produce or
sell at a sacrifice. We cannot warrant our honey to
be pure if sold by another party, excepting in small
nackages with our name on every one. It will not be
long before one "brand" wi'l sell better than another,
the same as is the case with peaches and other canned
fruits. A thorough posting of every body, as nearh- as
we can, is the only means of lighting" successfully,
these adulterators. I can buy at our wholesale houses
here, all the comb and extracted honey I want, at my
own price. It was onlv vostorday that one of them
sent me an express wagon load of California comb
honey in small frames and small glass boxes, with the
request to take it at any price. I did not comply with
the request. Adulteration is the sole cause of all this.

I am astonished, brother Novice, at seeing j-ou so
much in love with California white sage honey. It is
a nice honey I admit, and when I got the first of it, I
thought like you, that It was a little better if any thine-,
than our clover honev. I am now convinced that it
will not sell by the side of our clover honev, and if
you were offering it for sale as I am, you would be of
the same ojiinion. I say the above merely to do jus-
lice to the matter, so far as I am concerned, and am
sure that none cf niv friends will see selfishness at the
bottom of my assertion.

HOW TO BOTTLE HONEY.

I have been owing a debt to friend Wilson, of Lex-
ington, Texas, for some time, bu' as my ap)>arent neg-
lect was involnutary, brother Wilson will please ex-
cuse. Our friend had bottldl a lot of honev. The
jars having been filled and placed on the table, Ihe
honey, as In a state of fermentation, commenced to
raise and run over and out of the jars, notwithstanding
the honey being perfectly sweet" and a choice article.
The same happened to tie some years ago, but does
not now, as I have a little more system in the matter.

The jars are easiest cleaned by the use of sal soda
and salt, then giving them a good rinsing in clear
water. Honey should be bottleil in as quiet a state and
as thoroughly skimmed as possible. I have, for in-
stance, a tin can holding about f!0() 11)9. or more of
honey, into which I empty a barrel and invariably let

It stand for a few davs to settle and skim. From ci
faucet below I then fill the jars, which I again leav<',
standing on a counter for a day or two with the corkH
put on loosely to give all the "air bubbles -i chance tf)
escape. I then have the jars corked, tin-foiled, la-
beled and packeil in boxes. If bottled during, or
shortly after, the honey season, before crvstalization
has commenced at all, honey will keep in its fluid
state all winter, if ^lacked In this manner, and not ex-
l)osed to the cold ot winter. If ]>acked In Oct. or Nov.,
it will crystallze, generally in a short time, becausu
crystals liad already formed.

if crystalized honey is to be bottled we fill tin buck-
ets holding 2 or 3 gallons. Four of these buckets fit in
a nan filled with water which is generally brought to
a boiling heat, by which time the honey "Is generally
jierfectly dissolved. The honey is allowed to cool ofl'
in the buckets, when it Is skimmed, bottled, tin-foil-
ed, labeled etc., as nsual. Honey loses its flavor
and becomes of a dark color, only l"f heated too fast.
A slow coal fire is best for the heating process. It
makes no difference with me whether I seal the bot-
tles when the honey is yet hot or after it has cooled.
It will invariably crystalize again. The California
white sage lioney Is the only excei)tIon I know of. It
does not crystalize at all. If treated in the above man-
ner, honey, when being bottled, will not boll over as
in a state of fermentr»tion, as happened with friend
Wilson; but if I should run a barrel of honey Into the
receiver and when filled, commence to fill the bottles,
all would run over. I cm only explain the matter by
the fact that air gets mixed with the honey when a
vessel Is emptied, and honey, being the lieavler of the
two, settles and driving the air u|)ward in rather a
hurried manner it causes the "boiling over," figura-
tively speaking.
Cirit-innatl, O. April I6th, 187.5.
The sample of Glucose referred to, we think
hardly equal to the imported. It is very thick,
and looks precisely like honey, but it is not
very sweet — has a raw taste like raw potatoes.
Very likely if it were well "sweetened up" it
would make a fair substitute, but it strikes us,
that it would take more than one part honey
to four of the Glucose, to humbug us. We
have just made an experiment, by mixing equal
parts, honey and sugar syrup ; this looks well,
and does not candy, but to us, the flavor of the
sugar is very palpable. The sample of grai^e
sugar, we find very disagreeable indeed, but
perhaps we took too "big a bite" to commence
with.

We feel as though we should mver tire of
the California hone.y, but perhaps we would.
Mr. Langstroth was remarking that he had
some of the far famed honey of Hymettus.
When we told him we would "like liim to taste
our California honey, he at once declared the
similarity was so great that this too must be
gathered from the mountain thyme, and we
then showed him where "San Diego mountain
honey, from the white sage," was penciled on
the label.

We are satisfied that it is an advantage, to
allow honey to stand in some large
open vessel for some days before barreling, but
we shall never think oi bottUng any more with-

74

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

June.

out sealing it while hot, as we do Iruit. It is
well known that maple syrup put up in this
way, will, retain all the original flavor of early
spring. We have had all the experience we
ever wish to have, with jars of honey with
sticky labels, and with honey oozing out at
the tops, so that they stick last to the shelf on
which they are kept. t'e<tl it vp hot, and this
will never happen.

OUK OWl>r AMARY.

AY 6th. Drones have made their ap-
pearance in several colonics, but the
weather is quite cold, and brood rearing is
almost suspended in the weak colonies. The
bees are still actively at work on the meal,
and this season it must have been of immense
advantage. Stronrj colomts, send out bees for
the meal, even during unfavorable weather,
and protected as it is by the glass, they will
work on it even during a considerable sliower.
As these heavy colonies are going right along,
with brood in all stages all the time, it does
really seem as though one stronrj colony would
be w'orth a dozen weak ones. Some colonies
are getting natural pollen to some extent, but
the meal is the main dependence. Nothing
but warm weather can save two more colo-
nies ; they have nice Queens from the imported
stock and we dislike to unite them. We are
making some careful experiments in feeding.
Uncapping sealed combs, during a cold spell,
we are inclined to think, will not do as well,
as feeding them syrup. We hud weak colonies
without brood, or with but little, and looking
starved, even with heavy sealed combs next to
the cluster. If a brisk course of feeding, would
till all the cells around the brood, and make
them show white bits of new comb just over
the brood, we believe they would get along
better ; we are trying various ways of feeding,
to secure this, and one colony we have given a
tea-kettle feeder, full of syrup to be used at
their leisure, to see if we cannot make them
"get along." Of course we have packed the
space all around it well with old clothing.
See cover of Dec. No., Vol. 2.

May \()th — Humiliating as it is, we mu.^t con-
fess it ; we have lost one more colony. Our
two weak ones swarmed out ; we found the
Queen of one, and put her back caged, and
then gave them three combs full of brood bees
and pollen from a strong colony, enough in fact
to have made a good artilicial swarm, and now
they are all right. We then went for the other
Queen, intently bent on providing for her in
the same way ; but after an hour's search, sat
down with a long face, on top of a hive, and
Wasted some more time making good resolu-
tions. The result was a determination that
our 46 colonies, mnst go to work, and the way
we have made them work "rain or shine" for
the last few days, has been so satisfactory that
we will give it. Put an empty hive without
cover, in some sheltered jilace aftbrding access
to the bees; we use the old forcing house, but
we presume an open window will do; if it al-
lows the sun to shine in the hive all the better.
Put in the hive six Universal feeders, and 1111
them to the brim with syrup or sweetened
water, leaving the mouths all ojjcn ; don't fear,
the bees won't drown, and when they get really

in earnest, — so they will carry oflTa colfee-pot-
I'ul an hour for instance, — see if you too don't
call it fun. This out door feeding seems just
now, to start brood as we would have it, and
we are determined that the 46 must work, until
the blossoms call them away from artificial
supplies. There will be honey to get before
winter, ire know, as Mrs. Kowell, says on page
lo. The bees have been busy on the meal until
to-day, but now they are once more so busy on
the natural pollen. AVe forgot to say that our
out-door feeding causes nothing like robbing
at all ; in tact thej^ seem to take the syrup
from these cloth bags precisely as they would
honey from the blossoms, and the eft'ect on the
interior of the hive, is just what it should be.

We have just received a report of the Con-
vention at Mich., through the kindness of Mr.
Burch. The losses reported are strange in-
deed, and we cannot help wondering again
whether it is really in the power of the bee-
keeper to avert them. Mr. Bidwell and others,
seem to have no trouble in wintering with
the cold frames, but the bees will get "sick" in
the spring; there is the great trouble. Mr.
Bingham, if we get his ideas correctly, "doub-
led up" 150 stocks clear down to two, and yet
they would die. Pi'iend Nevins, of Cheviot, O.,
writes in regard to the freeze.

Unless yoii have a better show for bee pasturage
than wo "have here, I think jou will be fortunate if
A ou lose two-thirds of your bees, to save the expense
of sugar syrup to keep "them the coming year.

Now are you not borrowing trouble friend
N. ? It is ver,y true that our cherished plans,
are at times dashed to the earth, but is it not
etiually true that a bountiful honey yield ev-
ery little while comes upon us unexpectedly,
and is it not a plain duty to be at all times pre-
pared for either extreme ? If we make up our
minds to faithfully perform the duties of each
day as they come up, without regard to what
happens, we will soon be astonished to find
how much cause we have to be thankful, and
how many of our troubles, are after all, only
imaginary ones.

ARTIFICIAL, SW ARMING.

i^fipESSRS. A. I. ROOT & CO. :— In Gleanings for

jOwj"l ^^^y-i P''*8e "-. you say that it seems necessary
«r«w lo atUt to what" has already been said on trans-
ferring bees. Now it ceems to me you ought to add
something to explain more fuUj- your mode of making
artilicial swarms. I have read Gleanings from Al-
plia to Omega and do not lind it tjuite plain. You say
take a comb from several liives etc.; that is all very
well but yon don't tell us where you get your bvek
Can you "not tell us more about it in June No., anil
oblige at least one novice i-*

liees wintered very badly in this section and the
dwindling down is "very discouraging. Hives that
were reasonably strong in March, contain many of
them, no more than a pint or a quart of bees. All bo.v
hives in this section. C. E. Pottek.

Watkins, Schuyler Co., N. Y. May 10th, 1875.
We are well aware of the dirficulty friend P.,
of making it all plain, because we are apt to
forget that many of our readers may be unfa-
miliar with things, that we see in the Apiary
so fre(iuently, that it seems unnecessary to
mention them. Now see if we do not make it
clear. For instance, take the simplest mode of
making an artilicial colony, which consists
only in lifting half the combs and bees out of
their own hive and .setting them into a new
one. If the new hive has been previously lo-
cated just where it is to stand, and you arc
using the metal corner.-}, you can do this in one

1875

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

minute, (you can bj' inserting a finger between
each two combs, raise four all at once just as
they hang in the hive) and with Italians, you
can scarcely fail of getting a good colony every
time, if the operation is performed in June.
Now, you may ask, if this is all, why in the
world are we given such long treatises on the
subject? Well, simply because the above plan
is in some respects a wasteful one. We did
not tell you to look for the Queen, for she must
be in one of the two hives, (queer isn't it ?) and
they would get along either way, providing
always that you have a hive of bees to start
with, that will cover 8 or 10 combs. We hard-
ly need tell any of j'ou, that it would be less
wasteful, to allow the Queen to remain on the
old stand, for they will get nearly all the flying
bees, while the new colony will have no bees
able to gather pollen etc., for nearly a week;
meanwhile, they must get along as best they
can in starting Queen cells, and taking care of
the brood, with what pollen happens to be
stored in their four combs. In fact they have
little use for a Queen if they had one for as
much as 5 or 0 days, and if you have by acci-
dent taken combs, all of which contain eggs
and brood, they Avill very likely be unable to
nurse them all, and as a result, the brood in
the outside combs, and near the outside of the
central ones will much of it perish. This diffi-
culty is increased, on account of many of the
bees going home. Now various processes, have
been given, principally with a view of prevent-
ing this loss of brood ; as in all operations, we
should avoid killing a single bee, we should
also avoid wasting a single egg or larva. If
we should shake all the bees off rhe combs into
the new hive, there would be too few to care
for brood and eggs in the old hive, so it seems
that we should avoid both extremes, and as it
will require more bees to protect a given
amount of brood when placed in two hives,
than are requii'ed in one, if we are going 1o
have no loss, we must go somewhere else for
some bees. Hence our advice to make two or
more hives, contribute to our artificial colony.
Again if we take four combs out of a hive,
what is to fill this vacancy? Our opinion is,
that before attempting to increase your colo-
nies you should have a supply of empty combs
to be used in such emergencies. If you have
none, you will have to sel; the old stock build-
ing some, at once, and have the young one help
just as soon as their Queen begins to lay. And
now comes in the Queen rearing business.
This new colony may build a dozen Queen
colls, and good Queen cells in June, we can
hardly afford to waste ; and now as you know
l>retty nearly what we want to do we think we
can safely advise as follows:

Provide yourself with a nice clean frame of
worker comb and put it in the middle of the
colony containing your best Queen, imported
if you can get one. Leave it there until the
eggs in it have just begun to hatch ; these are
to provide us with uood Queen cells. Lift the
comb out gentl}^ bees and all, (l)e sure not to
get the Queen) and set it in a new hive, now go
to your strongest stocks and gather up bees
enough to build a nice lot of Queen cells. As
we believe in doing every thing quietly, we
will get them by taking one or two combs
from a .^tock, bees and all, but carefully avoid

getting any comb containing any eggs or brood,
or we might have an opi)osition lot of Queen
cells. About 4 combs, if they are well covered
with young bees will do.

In getting these combs, if j'ou are using
frames that have to be pried loose, you may
frighten the bees so that they will leave the
combs you wish to take ; in that case set it
back in the centre of the hive a few momenta.
About five combs covered with bees mostly
young, will make a good colony for rearing
Queen cells. If you want as many cells as yo'i
can get, cut long strips horizontally out of
this comb containing the choice larva-, and in-
sert them in the combs next it so as to be all
oil a level as nearly as may be, with an open
space beneath each of the strips of larv;e.
Now you should on an average get 20 Queen
cells, from a colony prepared in this Avay in
the month of June, and we cannot afford after
we have gone thus far, to have any of these
cells torn down. Aside from the loss of the
cells, we are losing the time of the colonies.
Our plan for preventing the los.s of cells we
have given before, but it will bear repeating.
If your larvaj were very small, as we directed,
none of these cells will hatch under 12 days,
but about the tenth day, you are to count them,
and then go to strong colonies, and get as
many combs of brood having young bees just
hatching out, as you have Queen cells. Into
each one of these combs, insert a Queen cell
and put them all in the hive where the cells
were built. The bees that built the cells, of
course will not tear them down, and by the
twelfth day you will find all of them sound
and secure, even if you have not inserted them
all skilfully. If you found 20 cells, you must
of course have a 20 comb hive ; the Standard
answers this purpose excellently, but we pre-
sume a double story hive will do about as well
in very warm weather. If you took combs
containing hatching bees for all these cells, you
will have a rousing colony of young bees on
the twelfth day, and you can now make colo-
nies in short metre. Simply put one of the
combs containing a cell, bees and all, into your
new hive, and reinforce them with about two
more combs of brood with all adhering bees,
taken from any hive in the Apiary and the
work is done. The bees on their own comb
with their own cell will protect it, and the
others being strangers in a strange house will
soon join in. Colonies made in this way the
last of June, last season, were strong enough
before winter to assist in building up other
stocks, and are now among our very best ; all
made from only three combs each of brood and
bees. There is (juite a saving in using a Lamp
Nursery when we have a large number of cells,
but we will speak of this next month.

If you have a Queenless colony, you can give
them one of these frames containing a Queen
cell, bees and all, and your Queen is introduced
witliout trouble. We have never known such
a cell destroyed. In making (■()lonies later in
the season, you will need to take more brood
and V)ees ; in fiict yon can make a large colony
at once if you choose by taking say (me comb
each from 10 hives. Also, if the new colony
has to build lis own combs, thev should
have more bees and brood given them. Make
all colonies help in comb building.

7r>

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

JtTNE.

IS THEKE A BEE DISEASE 1

OR HOW WE AUE MADE TO SAV OUR CATECHISM.

C^UR friend, J. Burtis, of Marietta, Ononcla-
^ ga Co., N. Y., don't believe tliere is anj'
bee disease or d5'sentery, puts us on the Avit-
uess stand, corners us up and lays all sorts of
traps for our innocent and unsuspecting feet
as follows: We always answer when any
body asks us questions.

Is not co'nl weather or winter one cause of bees'
(lyint; •'

We think it is.

If we had July weather steaOy for one year, would
the bees die out as they do in cold weather ^

Certainly not.

(We just begin to see where he is going to
take us, but there is no help for it.)

Is there any such thing as a so called dysentery
among bees ?

Yes, when you feed 'em on cider.

If there is, what is the cause of said disease?

Cider, bad honey etc., and may be cold
weather.

Some bee men make statements like this; the bees
showed signs of dysentery or were aflected. I ask
what signs tlid they show of said dysentery or affec-
tion, and if aflected, how or with what were they
affected ? Wlien and where did this afl'ectiou lirst
show itself? and what were the causes of this great
affection or disease ?

Well they looked sick, and we guess they
felt sick, ;'.t any rate they died ; and the more
we "took care of them," the more they died.

It Is stated that bees are sick, and as I understand it,
just reatly to die with this dysentery or bee complaint
and the very next thing before their articles are closed
they state that they let them fly and they were all
right and well.

Now I don't see nor understand how a bee just ready
to <lie witii such a dangerous disease at one moment,
at the ue.xt can be all right and cured of such an ep-
idemic. '

Nor do we understand it either. If they
could have July weather, we have no doubt,
that it would make them all right and well;
but that flying them in conlinement, under
glass etc., will answer the same purpose, we
very much doubt.

I have been very much troubled with these bee
diseases, yes, my head for years back has liad all of
these epidemics, very hard too; and since becoming
convalescent a new in(iuiry comes. I would like to
know lirst, what a bee is affected with ; old age ? star-
vation ? or a hive with a pint of old bees in it ?

We think a good many have been "aflected,"
with "a hive with a pint in it," especially in
April and May. The want of bees, is much
like the want of money sometimes ; it is all very
well to say "get more," but how V If strong
colonics in the fall, were always strong in the
spring, the matter would be simple indeed.
Dare we hope such may be the case"?

Again; some of our old bee soldiers say that keep-
ing bees too warm produces the so called disease, and
liiat is so strange to a new beginner. I can't see into
it. Bees are warmer in July, and no one is troubled
then with disease.

We fear you iire wrong there friend B., in
our glass experiments, we had the tallest kind
of disease when bees were conflned in warm
weather. Now we have it. It's confinement ;
and all the cold h;is to do with it, is that it
keeps 'em shut up. A glass house might an-
swer if we only had one a mile long aud a
mile high.

Can jou toll nie why bees now die in spring of old
age, more than they did years ago?

Perhaps the very best thing we can do here
is to sit right down and honestly say we don't
know. It has been suggested that the

winters and springs are colder of late, but
a very accurate old gentleman, told us yester-
da}% that such is certainly not the case. He
says the coldest winter he has ever known was
in 1816, and that accurate records, show that
seasons now average just about as they used
to; besides, bees die just about as badly in the
Southern states as they do in Canada. See
the following :

Oh ! now I must acknowledge we do have bee chol-
era in the South. My bees went into winter quarters
with unsealed fall honey, and rather weak. Jan. was
the coldest month I ever saw in Texas. North wind
nearly all the time. I had one Queen that I raised in
Nov., "don't think she ever became fertile. I gave her
some brood (it was very scarce) but not enougli to
make a. fair colony. Now 1 thought I would ecoumize
heat ; so I kept lier on top of the box where she was
hatched with two cloths between the bees. About
the last of Jan. I made an examination and found the
bees all wet and "that old familiar smell" that I had
never smelled before, greeted my nose most unpleas-
antlj^ I set the box ofl', aud the wind blowing lor
several days, they were all dead when 1 examined
again. Another colony, that I thought I could w inter
in a second story, perished, many of them with dis-
tended bodies. One other also perished. The houey
candied (or granulated) and looked like lard. Did
they not eat the watery portion of the lioney and so
become unhealthy ? For they left the white dry
sugar in the cells, and it is now being carried out ev-
ery day, by the survivors.

31. S. Klum, Sherman, Texas. Feb. 28th, 1875.

The dwindling down of the bees in spring
in not dysentery, and whetber it is in any way
allied to the phenomena of soiling hives, combs
etc., or not, we are unable to say. The spring
Irvubles, we honestly believe, may be all obvia-
ted, by uniting weak colonies until they are
strong ; and perhaps the whole mischief could
be brought under control, by uniting in the
fall until our hives are full, and uniting again
in the spring whenever it becomes advisable.
By this course we should certainlj^ decrease
our number of stocks, but would it not be a
more profitable way than to carry colonies
almost, or quite through to May, and have
them perish after having "boarded" them all
winter!* It is very likely that we haven't the
necessary courage to sell good Queens in Sept.,
and put two good colonies together, but for all
that, there are those who have, and if you wish
to see wliat the result is of so doing, look over
again, "How I obtained 8567 lbs., from 44 col-
onies," in April No.

Two postals just at hand illustrate well, this
great obstacle to successful bee-keeping. The
former suggests what is threatening, aud the
latter, gives the closing scene, and tells the
fate of thousands of — dare we say — weak col-
onies 'r*

Our bees are reduced lower than we ever had them
at this season of the year, in fact so low tliat we des-
pair of getting any prolit from them tliis year. Cold
winter weather all the while. We can winter bees
but we are not a matcli for such springs as tlie last
three have been.

G. M. i>ooLiTTi>E, Borodino, N. Y. May .'Jrd, 75.

I liave a Queen that is left of a swarm that has
dwindled down to nothing but the Queen. 1 have
kept her in the house for the last .'5 weeks waiting for
warmer weather. But it still remains cold. Now if
any body wants her for ^iM) they can liave her.

L. N. Sheui>, Soutli Stockton, N. Y. May 4th, '75.

And still another.

Please don't send me more than one Italian Queen,
until you hear from me again. Have lost 12 colonies
out of 13, but shall buy some more if I can.

James Matton, Atwatcr, O. May 5th, 1875.

We presume more than one of our readers,
are having Queens to sell just when thej' ex-
pected to want to buy.

tS75

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

n

[For Gleanings.]
ABOl T XlIK RAIL, KOAD APIARY.

1!\ 1'. W. MCFATKIDGK.

\»J|U1END NOVICE :— "That dwindling down in
ISn oiTK OWN Ai)iary" has been given to the past.
.J. How did \Tc do It ? 1 will tell you. It was that
Hail K»ad that did It. Yon see about the 24 Ik of
March when tliose "zero freezes" were kilUug your
iiusealed larv:e we had just simplv to run our whole
Ai'iAKY into tlie liouse where th'e temperature was
from 4,") to SO '. No killing larva; there. No Sir-e-c,
4Uid it was all done in -20 minutes. No lugging hives
■either. Well, soon as It was warm enough we run 'em
out again, and when the great freeze came on Thurs-
<ia»- night April l.'ith, 187r), I awoice about 15 o'clock
V. M. Friday morning the HHh, and looking out of the
window saw the snow on tlie Apiary. It didn't take
me long to hnUer out "i?()^'S get up and let us put
the bees in the house," and in less than half an hour
■our whole Ai)iary was snugly in a warm room we had
then 80 colonies, "many had been weakened down du-
ring the winter and we had, before this, united tliem
into 80; tliere were wlieu Urst set out, 113 colonies.
AVe kept them in the room until Monday morning,
iibout 9 o'cUx'k A.M., when we run them out again
■and tliey never "Ajiott'cci" that there had been an aw-
inl freeze. IJut they were most awful thirsty. Why
what do you think? They took away 22 gallons of
•sweetened" water before the sun went down that day.
'The water was the washings of our honey barrels and
ihe sa-aps of honey laid aside tlie previous summer,
M'as perliaps as sweet as four gallons of sugar water
boiled into one. A large portion of our colonies have
to-day sealed brood in 8 combs, and we have been
obliged to give them combs in the upper story, to pre-
vent preparation for swarming.

Yes, our Kail Road system has cost us some money,
i)ut we have better control of our Apiary tlian ever
before, with a great deal less labor. The w'hole R. li.
aipparatus cost us about SIOO.OO and by adding SlO.OO
»nore (two cars) will accommodate 160 colonies of bees.
This includes only the R. R. attachment. You say in
April No. (jiLEANiNGS in alluding to our machinery
■"It would be rather expensive." Don't you think that
yoiu" 50 colonies would b.ave been to-day, worth S2.00
each, more than they are if they could have been In a
,svarm room during those two cold spells ? If so, then
your R. R- would have paid you all expenses first poj).
Llnd I think you would certainly have had them in
the house if you could have put them there without
'■•Ingging.''

1 was at J. S. Hill's Ai)iai^' (12 miles north of Cincin-
nati) a few days ago, and think I never saw an Apiary
in better order. Every thing in the nicest trim.
Eighty colonics, 5Quecnlcss, 3 or i having brood in
'i or o combs, and the balance in fair condition. Win-
tered on summer stands with quilts on and chaff in
upper story so arranged that it can be taken off at any
lime without disturbing the chaff. 1 like the plan of
<;uilt and chaff so well that we will adopt it next
spring in connection with our R. R. system, after the
bees are run out of the house. Friend Hill and I were
wondering what Novice's next liobby would be. I
told him I tljought out-door wintering. You have
tried a good many devices but don't go back to out-
<loor wintering yet, trv a R. R. once.

Bee City, May 10th, 1875.

We fully appreciate your idea friend M., but
still think the same thing may be accomplished
easier. For instance, your hives on the cars
iire not in a convenient shape for extracting,
and we should fear they were too close togetli-
for either Queens or workers during the sea-
son. "Our next hobby" would be something
to give the bees just the protection you men-
tion, and yet leave them on their summer
si^ands, grape vines and all. An Apiary of 80
colonies if arranged hexagonally need not cov-
er so much ground but that a roof might be so
arranged on wheels as to be run over the en-
tire enclosure, oven easier than you run out
your hives; this would leave the hives undis-
turbed, and in fact should our stocks noio (May
17th) be wheeled in and out on cars, we fear
some of them would "bile out," just a little.
A\'e really feel as if we would like to let our
bees remain in quietness the rest of their lives

where they si and, and if any protection be giv-
en them, it is to be quietly pushed over them.
The walls of this enclosure can be made doub-
le, and tilled with sawdust; and for that mat-
ter the north roof might also, as all we want
in the working season is .til of the sun-siilne
and plenty of air, without high winds. To
avoid moving this heavy roof, perhaps we can
make use of friend Kern's curtains. At pres-
ent, we believe such an enclosure to keep off
the severe frosts in the spring, would bo just
as well, or better, without any windows, and
keeping the bees in darkness as near as maybe
when it is not warm enough for tiiem to i]y
out of doors, we believe would be for their ben-
efit. If all cold winds were kept otf, the bees
would work on meal inside such a l)uikling,
when they would not outside, as we have
proved by experiment, but we doubt the poliej-
of ever letting them know they are "shut up"
and when ever they are flying, they should Ixi
allowed to go out if they wish, that is, no glass
should restrain them, and we much doubt the
policj' of commencing to stimulate before April.
There are many difficulties in the way, such
as depriving them of all the benefit of a cover-
ing of snow in winter etc., but we do hope
those who feel interested, will make some care-
ful experiments. Patent right men are alreadj'
claiming they have made it a success, and are
oflering to sell townships and counties, but
flonH yau heliew a tcord they say. We will take
all pains to keep our readers fully posted in
regard to any real improvement.

^ ■»■ ^

[For Gleanings.]
THE EGITPTIAIV BEES IN THEIR
NATIVE LAND.

FURNISHED BY J. H. PIEKCE, DAYTON, O.

^j^JiROM Swineforth's "Heart of Africa" I condense
"^ the following "first-rate" notice of the Egyptian

Bee as observed by him on his voyage up the
Nile. "As our towing rope was being drawn along
through the grass on the banks, it disturbed a colony
of bees. In a moment like a great cloud they burst
upon tlie men who were rowing; they all plunged in-
to the water and sought to regain the boat. The bees
followed them and in a few seconds filled every nook
and cranny of the deck. I was arranging my jilants
in my cabin, and called out to know the cause of tlie
noise and confusion, but got onlv excited gestures,
with the cry of "Bees ! Bees !" 1 tried in vain to light
my pipe. In an instant thousands of bees are about
me, and I am mercilessly stung, all over my face and
hands. Vainly I try to protect my face witli my liaiul-
kerchief, and tlie more violent my motions, the greater
the fury of the bees. The maddening pain is now in
my cheek, now in my eye, now in my head. The tlojp
under my bed are lian'tic and burse out overturning
every thing in their way. Losing well nigh all con-
trol, I fling mvself in despair into the river; I dive,
but all in vain, for the stings still rain down upon my
head. I creep through the reedy grass to the swampy
banks, and with lacerated hands try to gain the
mainland to find shelter in the woods, but am di-agged
back by my servants with such force that I am nearly
choked in the mud. Again on board, I drag a sheat
Irom niv chest, which affords me some protection,
while I gradually crush the bees enclosed within the
sheet. Bv great courage on the part of my people,
my large dog was brought on board and covered with
cloths, a smaller one was never recovered, stnng tb
death no doubt, by the bees. Cowering down under
my sheet, I lingered out full three hours, whilst the
buzzing continued uninterruptedly, and solitary stin^
pcnttrated i)eriodically through the linen. Everyone
become equally passive with myself, perfect silenae
reigned on board, and the bees subsided. Some of the
crew then crept stealthily to the bank, and fired the
reeds. Tlie smoke scared awav the bees, and the
lioat was drawn to tlie other bank.

With the aid of a looking glass and pincers I ex-
tracted the slings from my hands and face, but could

78

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

JcjfB.

not reach those under my hair, these produced ulcei-s
which for two days were very painful. I felt ready
that evening for an encounter with half a score of
buflaloes, or a brace of lions, rather than have any
thing more to do with bees ! Several of our party sui-
fered from violent fever. Of sixteen boats which fol-
lowed U8 all were pestered by these hees, and two
persons were stung to death."

Mr. Langstroth adds as follows :

Does any one want such bees 'i There are two pas-
sages in the Bible in which the anger of bees is sjjolien
of— Moses, In Numbers, says, "Your enemies chased
you as bees do."— Such a comparison would liardly
have been suggested by any experience with our com-
fnon bees. It was this very species, .4;>/s Fatwiata,
tliat inhabited the Holy Laud— and to his Ijearers who
were so well acquainted with its terrible ferocity, and
pei'sisteucy of attack, he could have used no compari-
son more forcible.

"They compassed me about like bees," says the
Psalmist, and we know now the power of the compar-
ison. The sacred writers were speaking of this very
bee— and we have here another incidental confirma-
tion of the fact, they were speaking out of a true
ex|ierience. L- L. L.

Notwithstanding the above it is our opinion
that we have more than one reader, who could
liave taken that very colony and have made
them "humbly apologise." It' you doubt it, get
the boys to show you "maddest nest" of
Bumble bees — you all remember such in your
childhood — and see how they will now respect
"superior intelligence." We have made one
trial with "Yellow jackets" in the above line
but someway they failed to pay due respect,
or to have any proper sense of propriety of
the thing, as Bumble bees do.

wishes, had we not better look about us and see how
best we can mould our wishes to suit the weather.

Gleanings in

Bee Culture,

Publisbed Monthly,

-A.. I- R,OOT <Sc CO.,

EDITORS AND PROPRIETORS

MEDINA

, OHIO.

Terms: 75c. I?er Anmini.

[Including Postage]
For Club Bates see Last Page.

:D^E3DI3Sr.A., JTJlSrE 1, 18'75.

But I say unto you. Love your enemies, bless them
that curse you, do good to them that hate you, and
pray for them that despitefully use you, and perse-
cute you. Mat. \. 44.

QiJiNBY's Smoker by mail. Si. 00. Express $1.50. We
keep 'em.

A QUARTER of a million of the metal corners are
now in use.

A. B. J., on hand on the 11th, and Magazine and
World on the 15th.

In writing to our Advertisers) will you please say
that you Baw their notice in Gleanings ?

Magazine is at present edited by Albert J. Kinj
brother to II. A. King, if we are correctly informed.

\Vhen you order an Extractor or gearing, please do
give the length and depth of tiic frame, or frames, you
wru going to use in it.

Mit. Elwood informs us that he by mistake stated
that his "tall" (Juecn came from Benedict. What he
intended to say was that her mother came from Mr. B.

Manv excellent communications, are only left out
for »vant of room. It really gives us pain to be obliged
to omit so much that has evidently been prepared for
print, with so much care.

Di'KiNG the absence of Miss A., (the "school ma'am"
of our establishment) who is spending the summer
with a sister in Minnesota, please be lenient with us
if we do now and then frame a sentence "backwards,"
etc. You know we mean well.

If a Queen is capable of supplying eggs for 0 or 8
combs, and we confine her to 2 or 3, by giving her an
insuflicient supply of bees, are we not defeating our-
selves ? If such is the case had we better not delay
increase of stocks, until our hives are all full.

We should consider a maniUacturer, who neglected
to protect himself by patenting the wares of his own
invention, almost as imprudent as he who neglects to
keep his propert}' insured. If what we have said in
regard to patents has given an impression to the con-
trary, we have certainly been misunderstood.

We have seen the bee louse mentioned by Mr. El-
wood last month, in our own Apiary, but it was in a
very weak colonj'. We feel satisfied, that like the
moth miller, and "most other enemies, it would find no
berth in sti'ong colonies. We noticed it over a year
ago (during the manure experiment) bat have been
able to find none since.

M.\NY of our friends are making out nice clubs.
T. ti. McGaw, of Monmouth, Ills., has just sent his
15th name. Albert Potter, of Eureka, Wis., has also
sent ijuite a club as has several others, but our friend
Dooliitle is still aliead of all, having sent directly and
inilirectly 35. Remember j'ou can retain ibc. on each
atter you get up to 10. V^olumes 1 and 2 count all
the same. ^

As an apology for not giving personal answers to
all inquiries sent us, we may remark that our right
hand is again protesting— those who complain tiiey
can't read our "postals" will please be lenient. No
one can be hired to do this work, and our only re-
source is the printing press. Verj' many of these
questions are fully answeretl in back volumes— oft-
times in the price lists which we always furnish
gratuitously.

Those who recommend no uniformity in dimen-
sions of frames should listen to our plaintive tale. A
neighbor had one L. hive— all the rest Americans.
Ditln't extract any from L. hive, cause had Am. ex-
tractor. L. hive very heavy— weighed 80 lbs. in fall —
we hail all L. hives, so gave him ifl5.u0 for it and "all
was lovely." Hees got uysentery— ate nearly all the
80 lbs. hoiiey, and then were "not happy." In April
tkey got the "dwindling"— tried to unite 'em to anoth-
er vVeak colony, but when it was almost done found
these L. frames were about one inch deeper, and one
inch longer, llees died— result is, all that we have
left for our $15.00, is a hive that we have got to hire a
man to make into kindling wood, and ten coiubs
that must be transferred into frames that irill go into
our hives. Even American irames, called l-.'xIJ, v;uy
from IDs to li'A. Shall we make no efl'ort at all to go
in a few beaten paths in the future ?

bo Ions as we cannot mould the weather to suit our

MuLTuM IN vAv.vo— May 'iS^/t- Suspended hive
shows a gain of 1,'a lb. honey per day— Medley will be
out next week -Dean will ship Queens about July 1st,
price bv mail SI. 10, none sent by expi'ess - Mr. I'eabody
savs in ".4. li. J., that we approve his Kxtractor, which
was vcrv nauglitv in him, knowing as he did, that we
do not— Mitchcirhas been very naughty loo, in accu-
sing us of so many things in liis May Dirccttyry, that
we didn't do— says now he is going to pay all he owes.
Mr. M. we'll help you all we i)Ossibly can if you only
will do this and stop getting more money by telling
such wicked stories— We have just extracted 10 lbs.
of honey from Standard hive, from fruit and dande-
lion blossoms. Now there are but few blossoms, and
the Queen is not even an average one (see page 123,
Vol. 2,) but she has had bees enough to take care of
every single egg laid during the luist Ci months ; there
is the secret, "for we believe every egg has ])roduced a
bee— We are now doing so much of a business v/ith

tJC5

t5LEANING« IN BEE CULTURE.

7D

KxtriKtors, tliat we Lave been enabled to ail<l some
iiniiroveinents that come verv near making them or-
namental as well as useful. \Ve trust they will speak
lor themselves, in every nelj^hhorhood where intro-
tluce-i.

TLrax: OF M>\VIN(i} UAPU.

^^f^l^ROM Rape Culture by Kruschke IJro's.,
JS^ Berlin, Wis., we extract the following:

The time lor sowiiis ranges from about the JOth of
■June to the 1st of July in this latitude and climate.
Further south it might be sown earlier or even later.
The object here is to prote<a it from an Insect, the
so-calltMl "spring tail" or ground Ilea— iUs only inse<-t
«nemy here— which sometimes malces sad havoc when
the i)l"ants are young. But they have generally disaj)-
peared iMjJore th« seed comes up. if sown within the
above given dates. Whore this inse';t does not exist
it may proiitably be sown earlier, or later where the
summers are longer.

The soil should be well harrowed, or cuUivate<l be-
fore sowing. Three pounds of 6ee<l are sufficient to
the acre , it is sown broad cast like turnip seed.

It is also very beneticial to put ou about 50 pounds of
land plaster per acre, at the time of sowing, or when
the second leaf is opening. The farmers in Calumet
County aiw.iys use plaster, no matter how rich the
soil may be, and are satisfied that it i)ays them well.

After" harrowing it under it is a good plan to roll it,
«s the hot suu at this time of the year dries the soil
very (juickly.

Its lime bt coming up depends entirely on the
weather; if it has a good shower of rain immediately
after sowing, it will be up in a few days, but ifttie
■weather is not favorable, it will take longer, bome-
times there are even entire failures, tlie same as with
other crops, for this is but natural.

THE AITOIWATIC H1V£K, PAT-
ENTS, ETC.

BV. L. I.. I-ANGSTUOTII.

VJI^RIEKD ROOT:— I date this from the Apiary of
in~ my old friend Wm, W. Gary, who was the first
^mi person in this cotintry to breed Italian (Jueens
on a large scale. From the Apiary of INIr. S. B. Par-
sons, at Flushing, L. I., who was the tii'st large import-
er of these bees, Mr. C sent Queens to many persons
in I860, and put up lor California. 113 in the fall, which
all arrived safelv. This is very unlike the results ob-
tained in our t'nroi)ean importations. What makes
the diflerence.' Mr. Gary is well situate<l for breeding
pure Italian Queens, having no black bees near
vnough to trouble him. Such Queens as he furnishes
tor gi.OO, are very desirable.

I find tlie bud.s of the a|)i>Io trees here not as for-
wanl as they were in Oxford, O., were then five
Nveeks ago.

Now for the best methods to make tlie new swarms
alight on Jones' Automatic Iliver. Mullein stalks or
i«n old black Kossuth hat should be placed at the end
of the Hiver, and very great jiains should be taken to
to secure the alighting of the first swarm upon it-
after which the succeesive swarms will cluster upon
it almost as a matter of course. If a Queen cage with
a fertile Queen, which can be best spared, is fastened
to the clustering sjjot, the bees will be more readily
attra(;ted to it. If the Queen of tiie issuing swarm is
caged and when the bees miss her, and begin to re-
turn to the i)arent stock is presented to tncm, they
inaj' be easily attracted to the Hiver, wiiich may be
lowered to a convenient height, and raised when they
begin to cluster on it. In a large Apiary where there
is constant suspervision during the swarming season, I
should prefer even with the swarmer to have the
wings ot the Queens clipped to prevent swarms from

foing together and killing one or more of the Queens,
f the hiving box contains a nucleus with brood and
a caged Queen, the bee.s will not forsake it even If
(heir own Queens shouhl not be given them.

While 1 hope much from the Automatic Hiver for
large and skilful bee-keepers, I see little in it for
small and careless ones. If it were patented an<l ter-
ritorial rights sold, however careful the patentee
might be, in his statements, he could not conVi'ol the
purdiasers wlio would honestly exaggerate its ini])or-
tance— still less, tliose who woulu lie greedily for
*'rtlthy lucre,"' Such persons would try to jiersuade
the luiwary, that this was all that they needed to
make bee-keeping a success —
"Buy it ! buy it: the last new patent— try it— try it !"
I have little doubt that some would be" induced to
purchase by being made to believe that the swarms of

their neighbors would be attractc;! to it— just as pat-
ents were sold with fixtures for catching u-ild bees-
careful <llrectlons being given how not to entran othcf
jierifoti'x ^M-vs-lmt with small desire I fear, of inculca-
ting "how not to do it.''

Now a few wonis al>out patenting devices which,
however valuable, can be easily made, and witliout a
lai'ge investment in machinery etc. Such patents will
be largely infringed upon— and the patentee will usu-
ally fitKl himselt substantially without any redress.
The patent laws do not, and cannot protect him. He
may commence legal j)roceedings in the United Stales
(y'ourts against infringers. But few have the means
to do tills, even if it would pay theiu to hunt up and
I)rosecute small infringers. The jiatent is like a good
pasture, with weak walls or fences, and hungry cattle
all around it— sure in due time to be trampled down
and eaten up. If a patent is upon soir.ething whicu
requires much skill, and considerable capital lor its
manufacture, it is far less likely to be inl ringed.
Men arc not apt to invest largely without carelul in-
quiry as to the rights of others— they have too much
ut stake and by their large investments can be too
easily reached for <iamages.

Hoping that these remarks may be of service, I re-
serve further discussion of this subject to another oc-
casion.. L. L. Lasgstkd'iii.

Colerain, Mass., May 19th, '75.

KtmjMilj^^ii^^ ^ijEL-d [Swindle e

I*erlaiiiiii|f to Beo Cxilturo.

{We respectfully solicit the aid of our- friends in
conducting this department, and would consider it
a favor to have them send us all circidars that havi^
a deceptive api)earance. The greatest care will be at
all times maintained to prevent injustice being doiKi
any one.]

mF. YOUNG & CO., 29 Broadway, N. Y,
g if any such flrm exists iu reality, have
left Flick, White, ami all the rest of them far
in the back ground, in the Ambrosial honey
business. It is a curious fact that these fel-
lows invariably exhibit such a destitution of
brains that they can never originate anything,
of themselves, but persist in copying the saiiK'
lingo over and over about employing "expert,
chemists" "slippery elm." etc., etc. This J}r.
Young (who 7nay he the ariginal thief of the
lot) devotes over 7 pages to the honey business,
We clip as follows :

I am at liberty to mention here that one of the in-
gredients I use is the powdered bark of the slippery-
elm, a xinall quantity of which tvill brinci up a pail full
oj warm woifer to the rich, creamy, substantial ctmsis-
lency of Honey.

Imagine your mouth full of the sweetened
and flavored "creamy" mixture. HealUiy uo
doubt.

In five hours you can make, by this process, more
pure and delicious Honey than all the bee-raisers in
the United States can gather and prepare for sale in
as many years J

Now isn't that rather heavy? How very
small we do feel.

For six dollars— a very moderate investment, and
one made without the slightest risk, and without any
labor worth thinking of— you get twenty-five dollars,
and so on, in proportion to the capital you employ.

For mercy's sake can't some body give us a
pencil that we may "reckon up" how rich we
may all be by next 4th of July.

It looks like amber —[brown sugar nrobablv— Ed.]
clear, fresh (another advantage over tlie crude, fer-
menting product of the hive), and temping as Olympi-
an Ambrosia! It will take the place of preserves
wherever it may be introduced.

Very likely Mr. Y., we are unacquainted
with the Olympian kind at our house and you
may be right, but we do wonder that people
will send monej'^ in response to such awful
falsehoods. We fear they do if we are to
believe that }'our catalogue at hand is the 7'2nd
edition, as you say.

83

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

June.

MOM.Ell' '^O-laWMlf «

®

^i|]px EAR EDITORS:— Extracted honey taken out
m ■ before it was capped over, has injured the sale
^•^i^ of a good article, nil extracted honey has injured
tliL' repulfition of comlj honey, and artificial honey
has nearly killed both. Therefore I shall use my ex-
tra sets of combs for new colonies of bees, thus (ioub-
ling my number of stocks and raise comb in i lb. boxes
exclusively.

James Heddon, Dowagiac, Mich., May 13th, "75.

There you go frieiKl H., but we have seen so
many that had determiiied on "comb honey,"
change their ininds about the time tlie bees
had got every thing fall and wouldn't "move
in" to the nice surplus receptacles, that we have
little fear that you will not do the same. Our
neighbors who have once had experience as to
what can be done with the extractor are very
much disinclined to allow their bees to hang
out and idle away their time in the old fash-
ioned way. Do you mean to intimate the price
and demand for .ywcxZ butter is ever spoiled be-
cause poor is to be found in the markets? By
the way which is most plentiful poor butter
or i)Oor honey V Again has the spurious butter
that has of late made its appearance, in any
manner injured the sale of a nice article V Are
not our bee-keepers borrowing trouble ? Who
is it that determines which is the good, and
which is the bad butter':* Why the people
who eat it of course. Even our 3)^ year old
Blue Eyes will tell you in a twinkling which
is the good "batto," as she calls it. Our friends
don't know honey yet; but bless you! they
will very soon learn to tell what kind they
don't wan't.

We would ask those who complain that they
can't sell good, honey, if they have left it for
sale at every store and grocery for 10 miles
around 'r* When people get accustomed to
thinking that honey is always to be had at the
same price as butter or less, there certainly
will be no trouble in selling all that can be
raised. Again if you really are obliged to sell
it for 10 cts. per lb., and run a risk of getting
your pay at that, do give your neighbors a
chance at it at the same price.

DEAR NOVlCK-.-I have in the hands of W. G.
Smith, of St. Louis, about (.oil lbs. of nice fall honey
gathered ))rincipally from Spanish Needle and Golden
rod, and put up in waxed casks of 10 and 20 gallons
each. He bays there is no sale for honey now in St.
Loiiis, and can't sell it. If you can assist me in dispo-
sing of it at 12)i cts. ))er lb. on board cars at St. Louis,
1 will recompense you for ail trouble. Sample sent if
desired. M. E. McMastkk, Shelbyville, Mo.

P. S.— Address either mvself or "W. G. Smith,

41i) North Main Street, St. Louis, Mo.
We have a sample of the Spanish Needle
honey sent us by some kinil friend, we can't
tell who now, and we like it very much, even
better than clover honey for a change. It is
dark but very thick.

My merchant in New Orleans writes me he is selling
this spring some spendid lioney put up in very at-
tractive fancy jars in New York (that is he bought it
in NeAV York City) and that it sells very readily. I
sujipose it nuist be strips of nice comb put in and "then
tilled with liquid honey, lie doubts if anytliing as
attractive can be put up South. VVliat kind of jars
can they be ? Is there any thing better than "Masl)n's
Improved" self-sealing rouml glass Jars lor putting up
lioney and if so where can 1 get it ? Wm. II. W.\UE.

Bayou Goula, La. May 1 1th, "7;').

Our friend Muth sells a very attractive jar ;
he seat us some samples which we tilled, but
they were gone so soon, we hardly had time to
see what they were like, sec his advertisement.

We have preferred the Mason jar, because ev-
ery one linds them useful in "the household.
We don't know of any other self- sealing jar
any better.

[ DITORS Gleanings :— The time will soon be

Ml here when those who allow their bees to jjwarm
I naturally'can look for swarms. And my advice

Is to those to have cool and clean hives for them, then
there is not much danger that they will leave and go
to the woods. Some bee-keepers make such a big-
noise when their bees swarm that I would not feel
surprised if all their swarms would leave. 1 once
came to a neighbor when one of his did swarm, I
thought at lirst they would all go crazy, the wile had
a large liand bell, the man had an old fashioned din-
ner horn, one of the boys had an old scythe, and one
had a strap of sleigh bells, one of the girls had a tin
pan, and they made a noise that could have been
heard two miles oil' at least. The bees got settled on
a small ])each tree, the man placed a hive under them
and at the same time he had a watering pot ready,
ti.en he shook the bees down and did sprinkle about
ten quarts of water over them, and the next thing 1
heard of that swarm, was that it left for parts un-
known in the afternoon. I know one man that lost
one-fourth of all his young swarms every year ; they
go to the woods or fly to an empty hive somewhere
in the neighborhood, and I think I know the reason
why they go ; his hives are half rotten, one liangs for-
ward, the other backwards, some this way, and some
the other way, they stand in the shade under some
scrubby trees, and it rains, snoivs and blows right on
the hives the whole year round, so I think it is no
wonder that the young swarms leave. I think it is
with bees as with a man that lives in the country or
city and has got a house that is good for nothing. I
think he will not stay if he can get a better one, but if
a man has got a splendid house witli a nice yard to it
he doesn't like to move away, so it is with bees. If
they have got good hives and a watchful keeper to
hive them as soon as they have settled, there is not
much danger that they will leave. I never liad a
swarm that left. In the summer ot 1S73 I had a strong-
colony that would uot swarm. The bees were hang-
ing out as big as a small bucket. I came to the con-
clusion to smoke them in ; I did smoke them till every
bee was in, and in about two hours they did swariri.
In the summer of 1874 I tried the same thing again,
and they did swarm about one hour after I did smoke
them, and the swarms diil turn out just as good as any
other natural swarm that I had. 1). N. Keka.

Sliimersville, Lehigh Co., Pa. May IJrd, 1875.

We should never think of hiving any swarm
of bees without giving them a coml) of unseal-
ed larva\ It seems that bee-nature is unable
to withstand the temptation of unsealed brood
that needs care. In regard to making bees
swarm by "smoking them in," we can hardly
think such good news can be true invariably,
from what we know of the insects, however it
is very ^?asilj' tried, and if true will give friend
Kern a place among our benefactors by no
means to be despisetl. If we have among our
readers a person who allows his bees to hang
out, idly, we must think we have done our
part badly. Mr. Langstroth thinks, that noises
by drowning the note of the Queen, m<iy cause
a swarm to alight.

J. P. MooiiE, of Binghampton, N. Y., sends
a description of what he calls the "Boss Feed-
er.' It is on the atmosbheric plan, and is
simply a tumbler or glass jar of syrup inverted
on a piece of painted wire cloth. To hold the
wire cloth level it is tacked to a small frame,
and by setting this frame in the portico, and
making an opening to match the entrance to
the hive, they can be fed without opening the
hive. Wlien the feeder is to be replenished, till
it full, and hold a piece of tin over the mouth until it
is in [dace on the wire (doth. To make the feed come
<lown more rapidly, make a hole in the centre of the
wire cloth, nearly the size of a bee.

1875.

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE

81

FROM DIFFERENT FIELDS.

«rp HAVE frames with comb In them somewhat soil-
ill ert bv bees voiding their feces on them, (the bees
*!?* diedl if the combs were empty I wouhl wash them
but most ot them contain some honey and I have no
extractor. Do voii tlilnk, or do vou tnow from expe-
rience that it would liurt bees to put these Irames in
their hives? John Dawson.

Pontiac, Oakland Co.. Mich. April '28th, 1875.

We know from uxperieiice that it will not
hurt a stroug colony of Italians to j:;ive thcni
one of these combs at a time, in the centre of
the hive. We have used combs thus that were
so mouldj- as to lie offensive to the smell, have
used combs that seemed hopelesly infested
with moth worms, yet in every case our faith-
ful little friends did a job "of cleaning and
cleansing, in a few hours, that might well ex-
cite the envy and admiration of every good
housewife. lu some cases where the comb is
!?adly infested with webs, our engineering
friends decided on cutting down and dragging
out a considerable portion of the comb, and
■woe betide the unfortunate worm who imag-
ined he had only black bees to deal with.
For this purpose you need a strong colony, in
the working season, and after once seeing
the rapidity with which young Italians do this
work, we think you will never afterward think
of fussing with combs yourself, iu trying to
clean them.

Our bees. 77 colonies have all wintered well and bid
lair to do well. The nucleus hives will be ready for
basswood honey. 1 can winter small colonies without
loes, but in future will let such as choose winter their
small colonies; for me they are not prolitable. Our
Vjces were wintere<i in a house ; temperature 37 to 48°,
average about 42. They had both upper and lower
ventilation. They were too wann in December at 46
to 4S°, and were <[uite restless until the temperature
was reduced. They were hoxised the '24th of Novem-
ber, and placed on their summer stands the 24th of
Febniarv. Had straw mats on each hive and find
them excellent. K. C. L.4KCH.

Ashland. Boone Co.. Mo. April 24th, lt75.

Cold winter weather. Mercury for the last three
-mornings has been 8, 17. 10°, which is not verj' favor-
able lor rapidly O.ecreasinp colonics. My bees are
weaker than ever before at this season of the year.
Have but 86 with prospect of losing 11 more at least.

G. M. DooniTLE, Borodino, N. Y. April '20th, 1875.

Fed some cotion seed meal in Feb., as an experiment.
I'ees seemed to like it as well as the rye meal. March
'20th, commenced cutting out Queen cells. April 8th,
the first swarm.— unusually early— 14th, another
swarm, l.ith, put on supers, itth, bees at work in some
of the supers, and everything going on finely up to
tills writing ('26th). I went into winter quarters with
'2:5 hives on 17tb Xov. last, with plenty of stores and
strong stocks. I wintered some on 'sinnmer stand,
some I gave additional quilts, some '■'■upward ven-
tilation" and some no ventilation, and yet they
all came through in splendid condition. One stock is
in a f//o.s.s fiive— bottom only being wood. At one
time I saw a cake of ice nearly filling the entrance to
this hive— the condensed moisture from within— and
though we had one spell of six weeks cold, during
whitli Liees did not flv at all. vet they came through
all right. W. H. P. Jones, Nashville, Tenn.

An excellent moral conve5'ed. Are any of
us free from a disposition, to think we have
made some grand discover}-, if by chance some
pet i)rqiect happens to apparently succeed ?
Friend J. tries all sorts of plans, and they all
answer equally well. Mr. Langstroth tells us
that the best colony he ever had iu the spring,
was wintered without quilt, honey-board or
any thing; an emptj-^ upper story kept off the
tain and that was all. Now we would not in-

fer from this, that such a course would be best
for all colonics, but rather that tery Strang ^ol-
onkn would suffer no injury from such very
abundant upward ventilation.

I put '20 colonics into winter ciuarters. LoBt21n Jan.,
one in cellar and one on »ummer stand; the rest came
through till first of Ajiril, as 1 thought, in good condi-
tion. Half were wlnteiod In cellar, the others on
summer stand. 8ince ti.en they have had the "dwind-
ling down'' as it is called, and in that way lost 6 more,
some of those that were wintered In cellar, as well as
those wintered on summer elands. Some of the 1'2
that I have yet, (contain only the Queen and a lew
bees, what can 1 do with them ? 1 have heard <>t ma-
king a mound of spent tanbark, taking ofl' bottom
board, setting colony on, and covering with same from
middle of Nov. to middle of April. Cover two leet
thick. Shall try it next winter.

J. 1. Snvdkk, North Lima, O.

Those that contain too few bees to build up
of themselves, had better be treated as you
would a surplus Queen ; give them two ^or
three frames of hatching brood at once — enough
to luake a swarm in fact — from other stocl<s
that can spare it. If you waste your time iu
giving them one comb of brood at a time, they
will probablj' let it all die, and finally die
themselves. Such experiments as you men-
tion, with sawdust and tan bark, may do as
well as a good cellar, but are a deal more
trouble, besides the liability of getting damp
and mouldy.

Have increased from 5 to 14 swarms this spring, all
natural save one. One hive has swarmed live times
to date. Vol. 1st is a great treat to a beginner like
myself. J. H. McDowell.

Red Fork, Desha Co., Ark. May 1st, '75.

I have lost, winter and spring, 30 swarms, and still
they are dj-ing. 1 have had 4 leave their hives and
young brood. 1 can't account lor it.

Lyman Lego, Rose, N, Y. May 3rd. '75.

All cases of desertion of the hive in spring,

that have come under our notice, have been

weak colonies ; good strong ones, never do it.

I blistered my hands yesterday digging up the grass
from around my hives. I thought vou were joking
when you said the bees tried to pull up grass from
their door-ways, but think now they always do It
when the i)lace is tolerably clean and only a few sprigs
show themselves. ' Miss Anna Saundeks.

Woodvllle, Miss. Feb. 3rd, 1875.

We agree with you Miss Anna, and we do
believe that bees take pride in, and enjoy hav-
ing a neat pretty home, about as much as any
other piece of animated nature. The colonies
that "clean up" their door yards, and try to
pull up the grass etc., about their hives, we
find are invariably profitable honey gatherers,
and in fact they never commence picking up
around out-doors, until they have become
strong and populous ; then they begin to feel
themselves energetic and independent. Rob-
bers, worms, ants, flies, and grass that attempt
to obstruct their door-ways, are given to un-
derstand that this is "their house," and that
they mean to take care of it too. We are just
now beginning to think that even the bee dis-
ease and the "spring dwindling," would have
to seek other quarters too, if we would allow
them the population that their nature and in
stinct demand. Who can say that bees too
have never felt the charm conveyed in that
simple phrase, our men home ? Have we any
among us, that have ever felt the meaning of
the words, "I have no homeV May God bless
our homes, all of them, and may he help us to
deal gently, with all his creatures, who may
be directly or indirectly, dependent on us for
their homes.

82

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

1875

DRAR NOVICE :— I have at present about 100 hives
anil intenil to divide them soon. We had here, about
10 dayrf ago. a very wevure frost which did great dam-
age to bee-feed, killing the sage and nipping the syc-
amore, walnut, and young orang« trees in some local-
ities to a considerable extent. The frost does not
seem to have done great damage on my place, which
is in the mouth of a canon (mountain gorge) but stop-
ped the honey yield for some days, and the bees killed
oflf many of the drones, and robbed a nucleus. I think
however, that the bees will do to divide within a week,
])articularly as the sage at my place is just coming
into bloom, and as long as it lasts the bees gather a
great amount of honey.

The IJee -Keeper's Association of Los Angeles Co.,
of which I have the honor of being Secretary, numbers
some 35 members. We have meetings every second
month, and during winter generally every month.
We are trying to do our best work for ourselves and
for our customers, but have lately been greatly annoy-
ed by being accused of sending adulterated honey
East. As honey is chea])er here than anything with
which wecould adulterate it (except water), any body
acquainted with the country and business here would
know how utterly groundless such an accusation
must be.

I sui^pose there is no help for that honey candying.
We ship nice liquid honey, and almost invariably are
informed after some time, that the honey is candied
and won't sell except at a low jjrice. I have here, ex-
tracted honey put up at the same time, in same man-
ner and drawn from the same bulk in honey tank, as
what I shipped last September to San Francisco, and
which was shipped East from there. My honey here
is a perfect liquid; not the least sign of candying,
while according to the commission man the lot he
received was candied long ago, and some of it sold as
low as 7 cts. Four years ago I got 15 cts. for the first
lot of honey I shipped in the spring. It was strained
in the sun and rather dark. It might have been the
first lot of new honey in the market that year. Now,
every body is rushing into the business, and there is
more honey, than people care to see. It takes half a
year to sell" it, and at such figures !

Shall run a number of my hives for box honey this
year. There seems to be better demand for that, al-
though it requires more trouble and expense in ship-
ping. Yours respectfullv, Wm. Muth-Rasmussen.

Los Angeles, Cal. April 29th, 1875.

The winter here has been very hard on bees winter-
ed out ot doors, also on bees in houses not frost
proof, as it has been so cold. The temperature fell to
22° above in my house, twice when the wind was
blowing a gale and 20° below zero; but with the
aid of red hot iron weighing about 20 lbs., I soon raised
the temperature above freezing. My bees are the
quietest at about 35°, when above or below that they
get restless. 1 have 90 colonies in house, 16x18 out-
side, 14x16 inside, 12 inches space filled with sawdust
well tramped down as put in building all above ground.
E. R. MUKPHY, Fulton, Ills. Blarch 2nd, 1875.

I have contrived an arrangement for liiving bees,
when high up on a limb of a tree or in some other
place inconvenient to get at. It is a sack about 1 yd.
across the mouth, with 4 strips wood joiuted together
and attached to a pole. Tlie sack is tacked to tlie 4
strips, which close tlie mouth by means of a string.
Long or short handles can be screwed on according to
the liight of the swarm. I then run the sack up under
the swarm, give the limb a punch with the pole,
(which extends a few inches above the moutli of the
sack) the bees fall into the sack, I pull the string
which closes the sack and the bees are securely bag-
ged and can be conveniently taken where 1 choose.

M. Pause, Pine Blufl", Ark.

DEAR MR. EDITOR :— As 1 stated in my last re-
port, we (my sister antl I) wintered 25 colonies of bees.
The place we wintered them in was a root-houwe,
built new last fall and perhaps not dried out as it
should have been. Owing to this and the long and
severe cold winter we lost three. We gave our bees
a fly about a month ago, jtut them back into their
winter quarters, and as the weather remained so very
cold left them there until April 2(;th. After they hail
been out only one half day they began to bring pollen
and even some honev, antl since then, they have been
prevented from working only a few days, which were
May 1st and 2nd, through a little snow-storm. We
have examined our stocks and were well pleased to
find them in so good condition. We are not obliged
to feed our bees, for we left them well supplied in fail,
so well that we believe they will not need all they
have. We do not believe in taking away too nnicu
honey in fall and feeding them with melted sugar in

spring, far rather let the dear little creatures rejoice
over the products of their own toll, which we believe
the healthiest for them.

That this season may bo a successful one to all our
bee-keepers is the hearty and sincere wish of

Mus. H. GiESELEK, 7K'fc' Katie Gki?.:m^
Mks. C. Kl'stekman, nee Magg^ie Guimm,

Green Bay, Wis. May 6th, 1875.

Many thanks for your kind wishes dear
friends, and we are very glad to hear that the
honey in your locality is wholesome for the
bees during winter and spring, for we have
strong proof that such is not th(^ case in all
localities. Within a few miles of us is a large
swamp, that yields large quantities of late falV
honey, from the Spanish needle, {Bidens Bl-
pinmitn) this honey is dark, thick and of pecu-
liar flavor, but bees have so invariably died in
that locality, when their stores for winter were
from this source, that it seems plain to us, tht."
honey is unwholesome for icinter fwjd. It is.
true of course that we may be mistaken in the
cause, but when colonies side bj' side with
them are healthy when given sugar sj'rup — we
do not melt the sugar, pouring hot or even
cold water on it and stirring it up answers ev-
ery purpose for feed to be used during warm
weather — we cannot do other than recommend
it. Remember that the white sugar of com-
merce is sugar almost chemically pure, in it
state of purity indeed that it would be impos-
sible to attain at so small a price per pound,,
were it not for the immense scale on which
the refineries are conducted to supply the de-
mand of a great nation of people. The brown
sugar may be adulterated, but the white coffee
sugar presents peculiar difficulties that render
it well nigh impossible. Therefore, if we would
be sure that/oofZ has nothing to do with great
mortality amohg the bees in different localities,
should we not give them that food in absolute
purity? It is of course now well known, that
bees will gather any thing that is sweet, the
juices from decaying fruits, honey dew, honey
from all sorts of rank smelling weeds, — giving
us honey to correspond of course — and finally
where opportunity offers, filling their hives
with honey that is directly fatal to mankind
when eaten without caution, as in the case of
the poisonous Laurel honey of Va., see page 17.

Bees have wintered well in this section, all on sum-
mer stands. None were wintered in cidlars in this
region. Have never lost any bees here by the dysen-
tery. I have a problem for you, or for the readers of
Gleanings, viz.. What is the most convenient and
expeditious method of securing suspended Irames
from swinging during transportation ?

At what price would you send me a dozen copies of
the May No. 1875— for distribution ? or would you like
to send samples to addresses of bee-keepers that 1
might send you ?

T. P. Andkews, Farina. Ills. May 5th, 1875.

We have seen no better plan than the one
given below. We will send sample numbers
with pleasure, to any addresses you may favor
us with.

Your little Bee paper containing so much matter,
came to h.'.nd yesterday, also the A.B.J.; and 1 sat
up till mldni;;^ht reading them. In regard to moving
bees in hlvrs in which the frames swing I would say,
I have moved bees Ui them several times across
lake Michigan. In the spring, summer and fall, with-
out killing a bee or breaking a comb. Take a i)lece of
wood about >4 Inches square, or triangular, like a
Langslroth comb guide, cut it as long as width of hive
inside, and cut notches in it as far apart as frames
hang In hive ; notches are to be large enough to let in
bottom of frames. Put it crosswise in bottom of hive
and fasten ; hang frames in, put on thick quilt, that
honey board when, screwed on may press It ilowii
lirnily on the frame, then put wire scrcuii over i)orlk'i>

ISTf).

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE

iZ

i\iu\ all is ready. It will be ?een that I use the LaiiR-
j-lrotli hive, asa portico is very necessary to give good
M'litilation. :Mr. Aiiam (Jrlmm tells nio" that he has
\ct to lose the livst swarm shipped in lliis way.

Kr.WIN .STANIIOl'K.

r. S.— Wo iiro))ose to blow our bugle some, alter ex-
I erimciiting, in relerence to ripening honey alter ex-
ti acting.

Pentwater, Mich. Mareli .'Jth, '75.

Now, althoujih we should be sorry to a«lvise
-any thiiij? that iiiiiiht result in loss, we really
think the bottom stick inifjlit be dispensed
with, and we should thus avoid stirring the
•"oees up, just before shipping. With the Sim-
plicity hives, we should Ihen have simply to
put old newspapers uiukr the cover until, when
forced down, it would press the quilt firmly on
top of the frames ; the liive can then be turned
over like an old box hive, and after the bees
4ire driven down among the combs by smoke, a
piece of wire cloth can be put over the bottom,
or for short dislancts, a piece of cotton cloth
onlj'. If the wire cloth be used it will be but
a short job to put a long tack through it into
-each of the 10 frames, and we would then
transport them inverted. One great reason
>vhy we would avoid taking the combs out
i)efore shipping, is that the bees always have
little braces of wax from one comb to the next,
these are so slight that when the metal cor-
ners are used, they break otf with scarcely a
jar, yet when all are in the hive undisturbed,
they hold the combs in place with considerable
force. In carrying our hives in, in the fall, the
combs never slip about unless in a hive that
iias just been opened, and we have carried such
hives, several times, in lumber wagons salely,
with no other fastening of the combs. When
the colony is small, combs outside of the clus-
ter of bees, are frequently found so loose as to
rattle about.

Tell us by all means, friend S. how you suc-
ceed in the artificial ripening. Our family are
well aware that almost all extracted honey is
much improved by being kept for a few days
on the reservoir, or in the back oven of our
Stewart stove ; indeed a neighbor who visited
at our house insisted that the honey we used
on our table was not like that we sold "% any
mams (' aiK\ nU in the world that made the
difl'erence was, Mrs. N. had evaporated it down
to have it extra nice and thick for "company."

You ask in Jan. No. it it was not my own fault that
4.T swarms did not give more than t>:jO lbs. honey.
"NVell, you be judge and jury. I will state some facts.
] am a larmer, cultivate ](XJ acres and hire one man
jibout seven months in the year. Have a variety of
iiuits. Faim well stocked with horses, cattle and
liogs, which demand care. In IStiG one year after re-
turning Irom the at my, from 12 old stocks with

the increase I received in cash 8146.26

Expenditures $41.60

In 1867 1)1 93.03 Inl867Cr 202.37

" 1868 "to hives.. 54,95 " 1868 " 19.68

" 18t;9 " 18.39 " 1869 " 429.30

" 1870 " to hives. 234.00 " 1870 " 409..39

" 1871 " 7.25 " 1871 " 458.96

*' 1872 " to h' b'x's 89.C0 " 1)^72 " 247.20

" 1873 " 13.08 " 1873 " 208.73

S551.30 82121.81

Leaving a iialance on Cr. side 1570.51

after paying all expenses. Not counting my own time
or homy used in the family. Have some" honey on
hand. Will run behind this season as I built a repos-
itory l(;x2(i, costing S2(!i.(;8.

Now to your <iuestions. The spring of 1874 I took
Jrora my cellar 24 swarms, all that I had. I use exclu-
sively ilie I. angstrotli hives. Tlie spring being cold
and wet their ranks 'were thinned out rapidly. Two
were lost leaving but 22. I increased Iheni artificially
lo 45. All housed in fair condition.

Since writing above, have closed out nearly all of
my honey, and And the footing beyond my expecta-
tions, was much de<n;ived in tiio amount in untiuislied
boxes. Honey sold in 1874 for S163.ll.

WiLUiAM TitovKK, Annawan, Illb.

Bees did well last winter; "wintereil" 60 in house
and 1 on su ninier stand, and "springcd" the same
number, with the loss ot onlij (me.

J. .S. W<)OI)1u;kn, Dickinson, Pa. May 7lh, '75.

Right glad are we to hear it friend W. \V hen
those who have suflered, are beginning to .-^eiid
in reports like the above, we can begin to take
courage.

I wish to have your advice about the iiest way to
get the most extracted honey. My irames aif the
same length as the Langstroth and 12 inches deep.
Would you put 20 of them crosswise of the hive as vou
do with Standard hivesj or woulti it be as well to make
tlic hive ot double width with 20 Irames ? 1 do not,
like the double story hives. Wm. Koisekts.

Vaughnsville, Putnam Co., O. May 8th, '75.

As Hi such Irames will give as much surface
as 20 of the L., we would not want to use so
deep a frame, two stories high. And as a hive
for 16 frames need be only 25 inches in width
outside, the combs can be handled very conve-
niently providing we can have room to stand
on either side in lifting them out; accordingly
we would have the entrance face the south,
and let the bees go out directly under the low-
er bar of the grape vine trellis that shades the
hive; and to have the cover out of the way,
we would hinge it to the front end that it
might when open, rest against the trellis.

Our honey season is very late but my bees wintered
well in cellar and are much stronger than when I set
them out. I like the "New Idea Hive."

O. S. Ballard, M alone, N. Y. May 10th, '75.

I have lately taken charge of 12 box hives for a far-
mer. Now 1 would ask a favor. I am to take said
hives, transfer them to movable comb hives, do all the
work, and furnish every thing. What will be fair tor
each party to receive Irom increase of stock and sur-
plus honey ? Not knowing how to make a fair contract
we agreed to submit the matter to Ed's of Gleanings.
Reinharu !»tehle. Marietta, O. May 11th, '75.

As a general thing, we are opposed to either
taking or letting bees on shares, because it has
so olten resulted in dissatisfaction or liard
feelings on one or both sides. In the above
case our friend is going to start an Apiary,
which will be all his own for all time to come,
slioukl he purchase outright in the beginning,
these 13 colonies in box hives, worth now ]ier-
haps from 50 to |75.00. The 13 hives allowed to
stand as they are now, would be worth per-
haps no more another spring than now, yet
our friend, if he is skilful, could during the
season, transfer and Italianize them, and without do-
ing more than is usual increase the value of them and
their produce to— say he doubles them and gets 25 lbs.
of honey per colony— perhaps S350.00. To do this he
need only work at them on an average ol one hour per
day for six months, say 15 days in all, wortli |25.(iO ; 25
good hives, (one story) will cost complete about S50.00.
Now here is a clear profit of $200.00 alter deducting 75
for the original stock. How shall we divide it.* It we
^ve the farmer one-half, it would be an excellent idea
lor every farmer in the land to get a dozen colonies of
bees, and let them out, jmnidng he could winter them ;
and we really don't know but he should have half if
he can get tliem through the winter in gooil condition.
If our skilful Apiarist cannot afl'ord to give so much,
then he should buy his own bees. The only difticultj-
in making the above result, is to get 12 strong colonies
in May, and we believe the result if the extractor be
used, will be rather above than below our estimate.
As 6 colonies of Italians in frame liives, are well
worth 12 like the original stock, we would suggest that
an invoice of all be taken at the beginning and close
of the season, the farmer receiving bees equivalent in
value to his original stock and half the net )'rofit in
the fall— thus taking all the risk of loss in wintering—
and returning good strong colonies in Maj- to bo
worked on shares as before.

84

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

1875

As an illustration of how seldom we stop to
think that it is possible a particular course of
treatment for wintering may neither do harm
nor good, we append the following letters. Our
opinion has been for some time that our ma-
nure heaps of a year ago, were neither beneficial
nor injurious to any considerable extent, and
that because a good healthy colony survives a
large amount of tinkering, it is no proof that
it was benefitted thereby.

That Gleanings may live and prosper is my sincere
■wish, although it has some erroneous ideas. Say for
instance the hot bed arrangement. It cost me five
stands of bees last year. It was a cold spring, Itut the
manure Itept the hives so warm, they thought it was
raid-summer and would come out and never get back
again. When the five went up the manure went witli
them at a 2-40 rate. It lea me with 4 stands of bees.
I increased to 7 and tooli 100 lbs. of honey this spring.
Lost one of dysentery caused by water running into
the cellar.

C. S. Wellman, Denver, Bremer Co., Iowa.

Hives on out door stand went into winter quarters
with plenty of stores. Extracted from three hives,
two combs from each, put in centre, found Queens all
right, took the caps from the hives, (hives are Ameri-
ciin) covered the frames with old carpe^,, filled the va-
cancy above with oat straw, moved the hives a foot
apart and threw oat straw nround out side; then,
piled that obnoxious stuff called stable manure over
the top, and three sides, covered all with boards, and
waited all winter until Saturday 13th March, before
removing the covering from the tops. Found all dry
and snug as could be ; drew one out from the manure
])ile when Oh ! Oh ! Novice what do you think, they
were twice as strong as they were in the fall ; plenty
of brood, honey and nollen. I felt like sending my
old hat up to the moon'if I had been able. Heigh-ho !
for the manure pile, a perfect success. Am making
some Standard hives. Intend to transfer all my bees
into them. Am making them to take in 16 American
frames ; will adopt the tin rabbets. I have located an
Apiary Hexagonal ; ground sloping to the south-east,
grade one foot in twelve. (1 foot to 12) is that too much ?
W. Stalky, Rohrsburg, Pa. March 15th, '75.
One foot in 12, we should think rather too
much, not that it would do any harm however,
further than to make work inconvenient on so
much of a side hill. We should prefer a de-
scent of only about 1 foot in 50.

I took my bees out of the pit March 31st, two weeks
later than usual, and found them all in prime condi-
tion. They had consumed about 15 lbs. of honey on
the average. Those nearest the door consuming most.
All h.ad as much brood in all stages as I care to see at
this time of the year. It would have made your eyes
twinkle to have seen those 24 colonies, hives jam full
of bright clean healthy bees, and brood in four to six
IVames capped. 1 cleaned them out the first finf day
and did not find over a hundred dead bees to the hive,
and not more than ten or fifteen worms. I have been
leeding rye flour since and they still work on it al-
though willows and poplar are in bloom. If it is as
sonA a season as last, look out for a big report from
'"The economical man." I am so glad you have win-
tered so well. I never had any hopes of the glass
biisiness, although some may make it work.

Mv father has abandoned the bee business, brought
me all the bees he has left— two weak swarms in box
hives— and savs he will give up trying to get honey
the old fashioned way, and is too old to learn the new
fangled notions.

B. L. JoiNEK, Wyoming, Wis. April 20th, '75.

The unusual amount of honey consumed,
was probably on account of rearing so much
brood in winter quarters, and to do this, if we
are correct, they must have large stores of
pollen. Was not such the case, last fall, friend
J. ? We believe it is true, that getting hon-
ey the old fashioned way, is growing more and
more precarious, with each succeeding year.

Bees have done middling well hei-e this winter.
Went into winter uiiftrters with six swarms, came
through with five lelt. Wintered 4 on summer stands,
lost one of dysentery ; that one had an Italian C^ueen,
the rest black. Two in ccrilar came? through strong as
went in. A. S. Williams, Kennedy, N. \.

Rather than that the fault was in any way
due to the Italian Queen, we should be in-
clined to think it might in some way have
been brought about by the delay in brood
rearing caused by her introtluction. Was it>
not so Iriend W. ?

DEAK NOVICE:— Oh! my! hovr much easier mv
little buzz works and sinffs, since I substituted horse
power for human muscle. But do not harbor a thought;
that I liaye therefore destroyeil the fo )t power, ^o
sir, not by any manner of means. It is mucli too con-
venient a fixture to have about the shop, to be thu-s
sacrificed. Perhaps you would like to know that f
have managed to doable the leixi/lh of the belt that runs
the arbor pulley, and thereby have vastly increased
the efliuiency of the belt.

D. P. "Lane, Koshkonong, Wis. April 15th, '75,

Nearly all the bees wintered on summer stands, in
this neighborhood, are dead.

.1. L. Davis, Delhi, Mich. March 19th, '75.

If that is the case we shall have to back out
before we are started, in our plan of out-dooi-
winteriug. Will you, or any one else for that
matter, give us a full report of an extra strong
colony that has perished on their summer
stand, with plenty of upward ventilation V
Give us all the minutisie. With natural stores,,
perhaps they might die of dysentery, but if
they were provided with sugar stores, fed in
warm weather, we are inclined to think such a
case could not be found. It is a good rousingf
colony that we wish to hear of, remember.

Richard Lord, Muscatine. Iowa, used to run 4 or 5
hundred hives but the "disease" took all but a few.
He is one of the successful men but does not take Bee
Journals, nor attend conventions. Introduces Queens
by iinqueeninq, then as soon as royal cells are built he
daubs the new Queen with royal jelly and in she goes.
D. D. Pal:.:ei{, Eliza, Ills.
Royal Jelly, from the Queen cells the bereav-
ed colony had started ! The idea is certainly
a brilliant one whether it succeeds or not, and
we are much inclined to think it would suc-
ceed. If she had the scent of their men royal
jelly why should they not think that she hatch-
ed out of their own cells ? At any rate we
have just the conditions most desired, viz.,
the colony have cells of their own nearly ready
to seal. Our friend B. Lundener, wrote several
years ago to the A. B. J., that any Queen could
be let loose at once safely, in any colony that
had just started Queen cells, or something to
that effect, and we believe such is the case nine
times in ten during the honey season.

1 am a beginner in the bee business, and would like
to know if frames that have both brood and honey
can be extracted without injuring the brood.

Wm. J. Holt. Ashland. O. May 1st, 1875.
It is now a customary thing to put every
comb in the hive into the extractor, and the
most inexperienced novice soon learns that
the brood is entirely uninjured, unless he is so
careless, as to throw it out with the honey,
which is quite unnecessary, for it takes a much
higher speed to throw out the unsealed brood,
than is required to get out the honey.

Will you give a description of the Langstroth hive
in vour Bee Journal? that a novice may build one if
he wishes. H. Quale.

Grand Ledge, Mich. April 17th, 187.5.

We gave, in March J^^o. of Vol. 1, a very full
description, measurements, etc., of Langstroth
hive. Of course it is to be made Simplicity
fashion, and we to-day, feel better satisfied of
the advantages of this, over the old style with
its superlliions lumber, and upper stories un-
like, than we were M'hen wo first advised it.

ADVERTISERS' DEPARTMENT.

AVi

will send Cleaninus—
IhTlio Anu'iicaii I5ei> Journal (Si.OO)

Tlif r.ci' Ki'('))«'r's Magazine ( 1.25)

The lice W.n-l.i ( -2.00)

All Unci'. The Bee Journals of AmericiV, . .

Amcvican Agriculturist (Sl.CO)

I'rairie Farmer *2.1.'S) ,

Uural New Yorker (li-.V!)

National Aariculturist ( 1.2."))

Seientltic American (S-I.l."))

Fruit Recorder ami Cottage (iardener (Sl.OO)
[Above rates inc.linfc (ill Posla'jc.J

$•2.2.5
..l.T.'i
.2.35
.5.00
.S2.10
..2.(i5 ,
. .3.00
..3.75
, .3.(i5
. . 1.50

Names of responsible parties will be inserted in
cither of the l"olln\vin;r dc|>aitments, at a unilorni
price of Idc. each insert ion. or ?r I. iKl per year.

Names inxcrted in this department the first time
without charge.

Books for Bee-Keepers.

SKXT jioslpaid on receipt of price.

I-anirstroih on the Hive and Honey Bee $2.00

Quinl)v"s Mysteries of Uee Keeping 1.50

Bee Keeper's Text Book, muslin, 75

" " " " paper, 40

Good Books.

These, tliougli not specially desii^ncd for Bee-
koi'pofs, have a tendency to inculcate princi-
}iles that ensure success in bee-keeping as well
as almost all other rural pui^uits.

The first on the list siiould be in the hands
of every one who has' planted grai>e vines to
shade the hives, as we have advised.

Any of these books will be forwarded by mail, post-
paid, on receipt of price.

Fuller's (iraiie ("ultiirist Sl.50

Fuller's Small Fruit Culturist 1.50

Fuller's .strawberry Culturist 1.20

Fuller's Forest Tree Culturist l.hO

Henderson's Gardening for Profit 1.50

Henderson's Practical Floriculture 1.50

Tim Bunker Papers 1.50

Ten Acres Enough 1.35

Roosevelt's Five Acres too Much 1.50

Art of Saw Filing (Holly) 75

Window Gardening 1.50

Leuchar's How to build Hot-Houses 1.50

Plav .and Profit in mv (iarden. Rev. E. P. Roe. .1.50

'.Vai-ing's Draining for Profit and Health 1..50

Onion Culture 20

Purdy's Small Fruit Instructor 25

.iVverill Ohemical !E*aint.

THE O.VZr RELIABLE.

THE MOST BEAUTIFUL.

THE MOST ECONOMICAL.

THE MOST DURABLE.

Requires no oil thinner or drier.
Requires no waste of time in mixing.
Has stood eiciht years" criticisms
With yearly increased popularity
And yearly increased sales.
Is sold by the gallon only, in packages of from 1 to

+0 gallons each, in Purest White and any Color or

Tint desired.
Address, for sample card of colors and price list,

A-verill dieinical I*aiixt Co.,

Office and Factory 133 & 1-34 East River Street,

CLEVELAND, OHIO. 6-6-'7r.

ITALIAN QUEENS bred from imported mothers—
a month earlier than in the North. Purity and
^ni'c arrival guaranteed. Also full colonies of Italians
in Langstroth hives for sale at $15.00 per colony.
Address Dr. J. P. H. BROWN, Augusta, Ga.

C", T^TJ Ti R.VTES on 175 Papers. Send for
O I^ XT 1$ List incluiling Agents' Ratks on
1? O O "K. (S by mail post-paid— 400 in List—
BOO It S BiXGHAMS' Agency, Sparta, Wis.
J2tflp

PARTRIDGE COCHINS A SPECIALTY.

Eggs tor hatching after Juno 1st, Sl'.50 for 13. from
one pen, fiyc hens, (three) sired by Simigqler (D.'lS) ma-
teil with Modoc Chief mo'i), two, ist I'ittsbiirfi Poidlry
shoiv 1875. One hen has laid eicihty-tic<> eggs in o)ic
hundred and one consecutive davs. weiglis 10 j» lbs.
Gold spangled Rolands, Pure bred Si. 50 per 1.3. Eggs
from above sent to hatch.
(ip D. E. MOORE, Box 150, Rochester, Pa.

Those whose names ai>pear below, agree to furni'-b
Italiiin (Queens the coming season for Si. 00 each, un-
der the following conditions; No guarantee is to b"
assnn\c<l of imriiy, safe deliyeiy or anv thing of ilui
kind, inily that (lie (iueeu be reared from a Choice.
])ure mother. Tlie>' also agree to return the mont^y at
anv time when customers become im)>atient of such
delay as may bt^ unavoidable.

Bear in miml that he who sends the best Queens,
put up neatest and most securely, will pro!)ably re-
ceive the most- orders. S))ecial rates for warranted
and tested Queens, furnished on ai)plicatiou to any of
the parties. Names with *, use an Imiiortcd (iueen
mother. If wanted by mail, send 10c. extra.
G. W. Dean, River Stvx. Medina Co., Ohio.
* J. Oatnvau & Co., Dundee, Ills. 3t2

Dr. J. P. II. Brown. Augusta, Georgia.
*M. E. McMaster, Shelbyville, Missouri. 2tl

*Eli Coble, Cornersville'. ^Marshall Co., Tenn. 2tl

*.l. ISI. C. Taylor, Lewistown, Frederick Co., Md. 4-9
*C. Gould & Co., Onargo, Iroquois Co., 111. 4-<!

A. J. Weidner. Bigler. Adams Co., Pa. .5-10

*E. W. Hale. Wirt C. H., West Va. (i-f!

*F. J. & S. Warden, Uhrichsville, O. 0

*T. G. McGaw, Monmouth, Ills.
J. H. Nellis, Canajohairie, N. Y. 6-9

Jg^I warrant my C^ueens jiure Italians, and f/naran-
tee t/teir arrival by mail, soo miles for just one dallar.
Get my circular. J. II. Nellis, Canajohairie, N. Y. fip

Who agree to make such hives, and at the prices

named, as those described on our circular.

Geo. T. Wheeler, Mexico, N. Y. Ik

Wm. D. Zell, Lancaster, Pa. W-11

J. H. Martin, Hartford, N. Y. Hives Sl.OO to $3.50.

Frames $:?.00 per lOn. Sup))orts for 100 frames 50 cente.

Sample frame by mail 10 cts.

Full Stock, 5fl5,O0. Tested Queens in May, $4.00 each,
after June 1st, $.3.00 each. AVarranted Queen in Mav,
$:?.00 each, after June 1st, $2.50 each, or six for S12.(X).
Bred from Imported and Selected Stock. Sent by mail.
Also, Eggs from Light Brahma Fowls, $1.50 per'doz.
Address, T. G. McGAW,
Monmouth,
Lock Box 64. 4-6 p Warren Co.. 111.

Tested Queens from an Imported Mother $5.00 each.
Tested Queens from an American Mother $3.00 each.
Safe arrivals guaranteed. Address,

Dk. W. p. MOORE,
4-6 p Richland Station, Sumner Co., Tenn.

You cannot look over the back Xo's of Gleaningr
or any other Periodii-al willi satisfaction, unless they
are in some kind of a Binder. Who has not 8aid—
"Dear me what a bother — I must have last
month's Journal and it's no where to l)c found." Pitt
eacli No. in the Kmerson Binder as soon as it comes
and \ou can sit down happy, any time you wish to find
any ihing > ou ma\' have previously seen even though
it were months ago.

Binders lor (Ji^kanings (will hold them for four
years) gilt lettered, free liv mail foi- .50, 60, and 75c, ac-
cording til qnalilv. For ta"ble of jirices of Binders for
anv Periodical, see Oct. No., A ol. 2. Send in yoor
ort^ers. A. I. ROOT & CO., Medina, O.

ADVERTISERS' DEPARTMENT.

MUTirs ADVERTISEMENT.

HONEY^ JARS.

<>ne poiiivl (sqware) Jars, per gross, 8<>.50

Two " '• " " 8.50

One " " " Flint glass per gross i>.00

T.vo " " " " 11.00

('ovks fori and 2 lb. jars 75

Tin Foil Caps, pergi'oss 1.20

Isabels, " " 75

A thousand labels address printed to order 5.00

One (It. fruit jars, Mason's patent, per gross 18.00

Labels for same, " " <i5

A thousand labels address printed to order 4.'2o

Uncapping Knives, as goo<l as any, each 50

**■ " perdoz 4.50

Alsike Clover Seed, per bushel 15.00

" " " " peck V 4.00

" " ** " pound 35

lL,A.]VGSTIlOTH: Bl^E MI VEH.

Str;i\v Mats, Bee Veils etc., at reasonable rates.

For further particulars, Address,
Itf CHAS. F. MUTH, Cincinnati, Ohio.

Fifteen to 20 cts. per stjuare foot discount on large
orders. Send stamp for samples and particulars.

Address immetliately,
«5p J. H. MARTIN, Hartford, N. Y.

QUEENS, from Pure, three-banded, Italian Bees.
(,'ells started from eggs only, in strong C^olonies.
^^No black bees within a mile, and but few within
six miles. Discount on two or more. Warranted, at
Si.50. Tested, S3. ('. Goiilu & Co.,

Onargo, Iroquois Co., 111.

Xlie Bee -Keeper s'
IIIa.g:azine, edited by
A. J. King, the onlv II-
I. u s T K A T K i> Magazine
treating of B e e - C u 1 1 u r e
)in the United States. 32
pages. Terms, $1.25 a year
with a p r e s e n t. The 64
page specimen number,
Mith beautifnl life-like
^ chromo of Italian bees and

lioney j)lants (price .'W cents), sent free with the Mag-
a:«ine live months for 50 cents. Agents w.inted. Ad-
dress KING & SISSON, Publishers,

61 Hudson Street, N. Y.

OUR Bee Journal of the Southern States. Issued
monthlv at 82.00 per year. Sample copies free.

Address A. F. MOON k Co'. Rome, Georgia.

Every Bee-Keeper should
subscribe for this Monthlv.
It is the oldest and best
scientific and practical
Journal of Apiculture in
the World. The most suc-
cessful and experienced
Apiarians in this country
and Europe contribute to its pages. Terms, $2.00
ii J ear in advance. Send a Stamp for a Naniple
«:«py. Address,. THOMAS G. NEWMAN,

Cedar Rapids, Iowa.

IMPORTED BEES

Having sold all the Imported Qiieens that we have
wintered during the past winter, we have eonclude<8
to continue the ImportaSion on a larger scale than>
ever before.

We will receive Italian Bees from Italy t;>v'loe Bt
TwantlnL clrrrlngf tlxe summer.

These Queens will be inserted in our hives and
shipped to our customers as soon as they have suffic-
iently rested from the fatigues of the journey fronn
Euroj)c.

Price. One Queen ^lO.OO

Two Queens 18.00

Remember that we are

Tlio only regular Importers of

ITALIAN BEES IN THIS COUNTRY,

and tliat our Qxieens are

ALL YOUNG AND SELECTED.

For particulars address Ch. DADANT & SON,

Hamilton. Hancock Co., Ills.

Queens and Nuclei from an

i]\ii»oiiTii:i> ]MOTiiii:rt.

Beadv to ship by June 20th. Price of tested Queens
Sl.OO; warranted S2.00. Nuclei with tested Queen —
two Langstroth Irames with plenty of brood and bees»
S<; 00 each or $25.00 for five.
6tf E. C, BLAKESLEJS, 3Iedina, O,

[We know Mr. B. to be perfectly good for any thing-
he promises.— Ed.] ' ^^^

ARTIFICIAL COMB.

I will furnish sheets, wax comb foundation, 0x12 inch-
es, sixteen for $2.50, per express.

Address. FRED WEIS.S,
4-7 Care of W. B. Cobb, Box 2389. N. Y. City.

No Black Becf. to interfere with jmre fertilization.
Unwarranted Queens 81.00. Warranted feOO. Bred
from daughters of imported or home bred Queens.
Full Colonies Italian Befcs S13.00. Address
3t8p J. OATMAN & CO., Dundee, Kane Co., Ills.

125 COLONIES PURE ITALIANS.

AVe have purchased of the late Dr. T. B. Hamlin's
stock of Bees, 125 COLONIES PURE ITALIANS
In Langstroth's Improved Hives, 10 frames, which we
offer at the reduced price of $13.00 per colony, deliver-
ed on cars at Edgefield Junction, Tenn.
3t6p BARNUM & PEYTON.

SEEDS AND BULBS.

ILLUSTRATED SPRING tJATALOGUE FOR 187.5
NOW READY,
sent with a specimen of The American Garden,

a new Illustrated Journal of Garden Art, edited by
James Hogg, on receipt often cents.

BEACH, SON & CO., Seedsmen,
3tfx 76 Fnlton St., Brooklvn. N. Y.

(^ LEANINGS, for one year, will be sent, with
VX Quinbv's new Smoker," by mail, for 52.00. Send
to M. QUINBY, St. Johnsville, N. Y., for price list
of supplies. 6-8

One Copy One Year 75 Cents, or with Lithogi-ai)i. of Apiary, size 12x16, Mailed Free, Postpaid, §1.00, or Litho-
graph will be sent as a Pi-emium for Two Subscribers at 75 cents each.
Any person obtaining Three Subscribers at 75 Cents eacii, may retain 25 Cents for their trouble.
" " Five " " " " 75 " "

" " Ten " " " " 2.50 ". "

Any number above Ten will be sent at the rate of Fiftv Cents each.

Names may be sent at any time during the vear, and whenever a club is reached, we will credit
jnck the amount proviohslv sent us in excess of the Club Rates. In this wav anv of the

Articles Mentioned on our PRICE LIST may be Secured as PREMIUMS.

Please mention when names are intended for Clubs. An acknowledgment will be sent in all cases
OM receipt of money— for any purpose whatever—by return mail. Volumes I, & II, may be comited on
tlwj same terms, as we have a

Large Supply of BACK ITUMBEES Provided for new Beginners !

-\a we cannot take the space in future numbers to go over the same ground again, and Volume Oue
<:mitains the entire Fundamental Princiiiles and

Gr round. \^'ork fxyv iStartingr ain A.piar*;y.

or how to Realize the Most Money with the Smallest Expenditure of Capital
and Labor in the Care of Bees, Rationally Considered.

r»XJH3L.iHiii<::r> imoivtiiiliY, att ]\ii:i>iiva., oiiio,
BIT J^. I. I^OOT.

T®1® 111

jr?wlr^ lSf0>®

In the Preparation of this Journal the following are the Principal Periodicals Consulted :

^aa^i^lCa-B. K©© c3) ©li^mia'l® CRarke, and Mrs. Tupper.

Mmm^Wmmw®^^'^ Ms^SMlm©® King.

Mmm W®^1€® a. F. Moon & Co.

{Also Bound Volumes of the fm-mer since 1860, and Files of all other Bee Journals that have been

Published in America.]

Wwmiwlm Wmw^mw^)

©@mmti^F <^©ail©'iffliitm^

p@mtfe©^M Wmw^mw^

O O T^ T

Page.

Foul Broorl i^T

M'intering troubles in Canada ^5

( "old Trame rcjtort 85

Sugar versus Fall honey for wintering 85

California 86

Artificial swarming and Queen rearing 87

Lamp (jueen Nursery 87, Stl

Wlien to commence making more colonies 87

< )ur own Apiary 88

How to use division boards 88

Wintering two colonies in one hive 89

Mr. Coe's House Apiary .- 8!)

Drone and Worker comb i'O

Gallu',1 ^l

Fertile Workers i'i

V

^^

E IV T S ;

Page.

Forcing Bees as we do Vegetables i>2

( >bituary Notices ■''-

Do Bees ever get too much Pollen 9;J

New Swarms in Simplicity Hives '^^1

Two or More Eggs in a Cell °^' „, --

Double Width Hives «*

Division Boards, How Best Made 94

What to do About Mice ■■•■^j

Upper Stdvips and Clover Honey 90, 9o

Swarms ( 'histering Together 9^

Double Walled Hives 95

Gill-over-the-Ground •*

Queen Cell Protectors ;*;

Report from Adam Grimm •>*]

About the "Bee Charm'" >*'

ADVERTISERS' DEFARTMEIS'T.

SUNDRY MATTERS.

Wk are sorry to say that our efforts thus far toirwike
an arrang-enient lor clubbing wills the Sr>ti»h Bee
Jouriwd, have been un&Hccessl'ul.

We would refer those who complain of the long one
story hives, to the article by J. 1*. II. Brown, in the
Bee World for June.

Miss Anna Saitnueks is rejoicing in a honey crop
far ahead of her most sangnine exi>cctations, and we
feci "badder" than ever as we look at her photo., to
think it did not reach us in time to be placed besMe
Katie Grimm in the Medley.

It rejoices us to sec so many undertaking to rear
dollar Queens from imported mothers. If the imi)ort-
eil progeny all of them, build up and gather honey, at
the rate ours do, well may ijurchasers rejoice in their
investment.

Several exKiuire if we wonld advise them to trans-
fer bees in the months of June, July, Aug., etc. We
really do not see how we can answer such a question,
jiot knowing the persons. Among onr neighbors, there
are those who would work so carefully, that thej-
would be almost sure to succeed ; and, again there are
others who would be almost sure to fail. We are in-
clined to think that those who make thesie emiuiries,
would be quite apt to fail, for the careful ones would
go to work and ilo it at nnj/ seafson if they were snfH-
elently anxious to have it done.

Mii. Langstroth, while in Philadelphia, found and
kindly sent us two old works on bees, which are a
curiosity indeed. One of them, "A Treatise on Bees,"
by Thomas Wildman, was published a little over 100
years ago; atad yet it lias more truthful plates of
Queen bees, than some we have now. The engrav-
ings of the comb and queen cells are very accurate.
The other, by Jolui Keys, although nearly as old,
contains a drawing of a house Apiary for letting the
bees go through the walls, and directs that "the door-
ways should be painted of different colors, for the
bees better to distinguish their respective habita-
tions." Is it really true that there is nothing new
imder the sun ? One might expect to find nothing in
these old books but the ordinary repetitions; but
with Wildman especial Ij-, we find ourselves agreeably
mistaken ; and on that puzzling subject of the Queen's
fertilization, we have to confess that he knows nearly
if not quite all that we do.

-A-r>"VEI?,TISEIwfl:E3SrTS-

Advertisements will be received at the rate of ten
cents per line, Xoni>ariel space, eacli insertion, cash
in advance ; and we require that every Advertiser
satislies ns of his responsibility and intention to do
all that he agrees, and that his goods are really worth
the price asked for them.

"Sweet arc the uses of advertisements" exclaimed
Mrs. Partington. We wonder If the good old lady
was not a bee-keeper.

SUinitlER RAPE SEED 15c ner lb. By mail in
cloth bag 35c per lb. A. t. ROOT, Medina, O.

GEIVlJIiVE UHIKESE Mustard Seed, just import-
ed from France Ijy us. Per packet 5c, per oz. 250,
jHiX lb. S3.00, sent post-paid by mail. For description
see Dr. Kirtland's article, page 18, Feb. No.

A. I. ROOT, Medina. O.

Nice fresli clean seed, raised in our own neiglibor-
hood. Ten lbs. or over, 30c, less tlian 10 lbs., 35c, sent
by mail in cloth bag 50c per lb.

A. I. ROOT, Medina, O.

i no <^0E01VIES BEES and a Farm of CH
A.\jyj acres. Extra good location. Average re-
ceipts per annum per colony for 4 jears $U. 1 have-
to chasnge clim«te for hes!tli.
7-8 G. M. DALE, Border Plain?, Wcbstsr f'o.,. Iow:w

QlTEEl^S BRED from Imported Mothers, sent
as soon as fertile, for $1.00. Teste<l, $:J:00. Full
colonies Italfan Bees, with Tested Qireens. 313.00-

AfJdress, J. M. C. TATT^OK.

7 Ijcwistown, Frerlerick Co., 5Id.

AEARGE finely exeentefl

(Size 9x11 't inches, suitable for framing,)
Of the lately deceased

M. QUINBY, OF ST. JOHNSVILLE, N. Y

Sent i)0st-paid, to anv address, for 30 cents.
7 J. II. NEELIS & BRO., tranajoharie, N. Y.

State where you saw tliis advertisement.

m QUEENS FOR S3a

Owing to the failure of the principal honcv flowers^
I haveconcluded to raise Qneens, and will sell un-
tested Queens, raised from Imported Mothers, at St
each, sent by mail. I will sell niTclei in full size<l
hives containing nine frames, 10x17 inches, with threer
combs of brood and bees and "dollar" (\fncen* for S(>
e.ich. delivered at Express office. Can be shipped
anv time and bnilt up in full colonies.
7-9"d H. NESBIT, Cynthrana, Ky.

1 lb. Round Jars per gross ^.f>(^

2 " " " " " 7.5(!>

Corks " " 75c. and l.(K>

>3 Pt. Honey Tumblers, plain or ribbed, per doz. . 4if

t) doz in a box. Packages 4('

A; Pt. Honey Tumblers, plain or ribbed, per doz.. .50

(>" doz. in a box. Packages 4.^

y Pt. Honey Turn biers. Tin Top, per doz (>.'>

G doz. in a box. Packages 40

% Pt. Honey Tumblers, Tin Top, per doz ".'>

ti doz. inabox. Packages 4.'>

Also Window Glass, Lamp Chimneys and Glass-
ware of all kinds. For sale by B. L. FAHNESTOCK,
late B. L. Fahnestock, Fortune & Co., Glass Manufac-
turers, 7« Wood St., Pittsburgh, Pa. 6-7<l

" THE BAY STApAHARY !

WE have made the breeding of

A SPECIALTY for the fast FOURTEEN YEARS,

All Queens sent by mail.
PUJilTY .{■ SAFE ARRIVAL GUARANTEED.
7 H. ALLEY, Wenham, Essex Co., Mass.

FLORAL GUIDE FOR 1875,

Piibliiihod Qwarterly. — JANirAKV Numhki;
just issued, and contains over 1CH> Pages, i500 En-
(JUAViNGS, (!escriptions of more than 500of our lx>st
FI<nvers and Vcgretablcs, with Directions for
Culture, Coi-OKED Plate, etc.— The most useful an<J
elegant work of the kind in the world. ^Only 25 cents
for the vear.— I'ublished in English and (German.

Aildress JAITIES' VICK, Rocliestcr, W. Y.

Honey Extractors.

Made ontireh ofmetal— no wood about them— prtct;
SlO.Oti. In i/nU'riufi be reri; pai-tinclar fo give us out-
nidi- ilhitcimionx of frames, nr frames fhnl ai-e to bt
used. Machines made expressly for a IVilme 11 %xl3?4

nothuig larger ?.>.0O. As we have procured the ma-
<liinery (or making every part on our own iiremises,
wc can" also supply, Gearing, Hpncy gates, wire cloth,
etc.. etc.

KFS!~Bcarings Stubs' steel— Boxes self oiling.

A. I. ROOT, Medina, Ohio.

IDE"VOTEID E3::CIjTJSI^^EIL.'"S' to bees .A.TST1D HOlJTE^ST

~ No. VII.

Vol. III.

JULY 1, 1875.

FOUL. BROOD.

II^EARFUIKNl) NOVICE -.—Ever since yon open-
Ill ffl Cii your column of "Blasted Hopes" I have
fc-Sssr thought I nil;;lit help fill it, but did not because
1 hoped to have a hand in "Reports Encouraging."

It was not until 1870 that I got nicely into movable
frames and Italian bees. Then every "thing went well
for awhile and in 1S72 every hive averaged loO pounds
very nice honey besides increase. Much encouraged
by such favorable results and expecting of course to
inake this my only pursuit, I determined to make a
business of it." In the fall of '72 I bought a large stock
•of bees and material for hives which I made in the
winter. Every thing went well until Feb.. when that
universal disease seated itself in my Apiary and in
spring I had six left and trvo hundred empty hives and
«othing to "pay the Undertaker." Not wishing to
give up, with the comb and hives I had, I determined
to try once more and although *very poor season,
reached a nice little Apiary again by fall. But what
this time? One of the swarms obtained, contained
yonl Brood, which swept off all but //ij-ce by spring '74.
Deciding to try again. I have now '25 very large
swarms in good condition and what I send you for
"Reports Encouraging" remains yet to be told. I think
sny experience will yet be worth all I have lost.
What think you brother bee-keepers.' lu conclusion
I would say, "I hope yet to make a pleasant and iirolit-
able business.

I think fowl brood will make a good thorougb sweep
nmong old fashioned hives around here. I have had
it two years and have pretty well conquered It. I
think I "will only bo safe when" it runs its unce here.

F. H. CrKENiiTs, Oswego, N. Y. Feb. 17th, '75.

MESSRS. A. I. ROOT & CO., Yours of Nov. 20th, was
<luly rec'd, and would have been answered sooner,
but hoped to lind some foul brood which I could cut
out and send you. but do not find now, a fair sample.
It is much reduced now in my Apiary from what it
was some years ago. I believe it was introduced here
by some comb sent me from Indiana, and it got very
\ni(\ before I knew what it was.

Foul Brood is the larvas which has died, and become
putrid in the combs after it is sealed over, emitting a
peculiar offensive oder, which once recognized would
be readily known in any hive, if there was much of it.
AVhen but little, it miglit not be detected by the odor;
but if sus|)ected, by seeing scattered over a comb a
few capped cells, open them, and if they contain dead
larvje in a partly j>vtrt'.scent state, it is foul brood. If a
few cells have a hole in thp cap freguently about as
large as a pin, it is foul brood sure, and the jtunctures
are made by the bees apparently starting to remove
larvae and (juittlng it, probably from its being so offen-
sive, or from its pasty state. In winter however they
do clean out many combs it not too bad, or the swarms
too weak. I think they only remove the dead larvai
after it get gets dry.

The swarm which was most populous, ami produced
most suri)lus honey this season, (nearly 100 lbs.) was
foul brooily last fall, but cast no swarm, this season or
last. Like cases have been noticed before.

Chas. Cakpentek, Kelley's Island, O. Dec. 5, '74.

Here we have a case where the bees did re-
cover after all, and seemingly without any aid.
Althonirh we are unprepared to advise without
having had any experience, had we an infected
hive, we should certainly try to "weed out" the
diseased cells, before deciding to destroy the
whole colony. It' all tjie bees were removed iu
llie winter, and the hive and combs subjected
to an intense freeze, Avould it not destroy the

germs ? Dr. Salisbury has decided that it is a
microscopic fungus, Cri/piococcus Alveario, (wc
always feel better when we know('?) what it is)
Can he tell us whether freezing would be likely
to prove fatal to it ?

UrilVTERIlVG TROUBLES IW CAIVABA.

BY ILA MICHEXEK.

BEAR NOVICE:— I do not fcsel despondent nei-
ther am I grieved, for "the Lord giveth and the
._- Lord taketh awav, blessed be the name of the
Lord," but we have had a revisitatlon of the troubles
of '72. For two years we have had great success win-
tering In a bee 'house, bu> this winter the reverse.
And now I am more thoroughly convinced than ever
that 'twas not the cold that killed the bees. The 6 we
wintered on their summer stands are all alive yet,
while of the 13 wintered in the bee house, only (> re-
main ; 3 died of dysentery, 3 swarmed out and joined
other hives and one lost their Queen.

I am sure it was the late gathered honev that killed
them. The Golden rod yielded abundantly, and some
of our hives had too too much honey even if it had
been all sealed. The Italians were the first to die,
'twas ambition killed them ; they gathered far more
than they could get sealed. If I had only put the
combs in the extra(;tor, and slung out the unsealed
honey I might have saved them. We have only one
Italian stock remaining, they are hybrids, and were
wintered on the summer stand. They had not had
their early gathered honey extracted, in fact all those
wintered out doors had been left for box honey, none
extracted, exce])t about half of one hive, and that hive
has had the dvsenterv to some extent. But it was not
the extractor" that killed mv bees, for I extracted all
the honev from one stock, after the frosts came, fed
them thick sugar syrup, wintered them in the bee
house, and they have come out all right. I never saw
a swarm of bees winter better than they did ; they
hardly lost a dozen bees, while all the rest that were
wintered on honey gathered from Autumnal flowers,
have soiled their hives and combs badly, have died or
dwindled away till thev are quite weak, and here
Novice let me ask you, h"ow do you clean combs soiled
with excrement ? I will not want any lioney labels
nor any thing else until I see whether I can get them
huilt up again. I am not the only one that has had
losses in this part of the world, some have lost all
their bees. I believe I'ullv one half of all the bees In
this part of Canada have died, but if you look around
you will see that it is the late swarms generally that
k.-vve failed, and this agrees with what I noticed when
"I was but a child." that late or buckwheat swarms
did not winter well, even if they had their hives well
filled.

You ask for "minute reports" from those using the
cold frames, well after receiving Herbert A. Burch's
book I was foolish enough to try one. I ma<le it tJxlO
feet with the glass VA feet from the bottom. I put
two swarms in It about the middle of March, and they
eventually got together in one hive, except those that
bumped their brains out against the glass. ])oor things.

The cold frame might do forgiving bees a fiy occa-
sionally during the winter, if you had a mind to stand
there and shiver in the cold, with your eye on the
thermometer beneath the glass, for fear of its getting
too warm inside, and then go inside the frame after
the bees were done flying, and gather up those that
remain on the sash and put them In their respective
hives, but even then there is the danger of bees get-
ting in the wrong hives and killing the ijueens, or
perhaps after a while thev will all get In one hive, as
mine did; I only ti-ied two swarms. But for building

86

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTCJKE.

Jflst.

bees nj) in the s;iriag. never! Mine would hardly
notico nice honey, let alone working on meal.
Low Banks, Ontario, Caiunhi. April 15tli, 1875.

CAL3F©IENIA.

BEARXOVIG'E:— Somucli has Ijcen written du-
the past year or two, laudator}' of this sec^tion
lor tlie pursuit of bee-keeping, and so general

lias become, the anxiety of bee-keepers for fuller in-
formation in relation to this Eldorado of hive hopes,
with a view to coming liere, I thought a few items of
facts otherwise than of bees might be of interest, and
perhaps save many a lieart-aolie in tlie future.

Leaving Kansas, the land of the grasshoppers and
drouth; 10 acres of which— pardon me for the digres-
sion—is worth this whole County, the trip to San
Francisco was over the usual l.iOO iniles of Sage lirush,
and grouse wood, alkali, sand and general cic-;Glation
characteristic of that portion of our country, until the
west side of the Sierra Nevadas was reached where
one finds scenes of surpassing loveliness, dotted with
thriving villages and a general air of go-ahead, more
grateful to the tired emigrant, thaji can.ea&ily be im-
agined.

From Saa Francisco, there is but one means of ac-
cess to San Diego Co., and that is by steamer (a mo-
nopoly line) down the coast -IdS miles S. E., past Santa
iiarbara and Los AngeloS, the best portions of South-
ern California, at a cost of §15.03 for cabin or §9.00 for
steerage, gold, one arrives at the Bay of San Diego.
The eye vests on a istra^glihg town- built near the
beach with treeless surroundings and high enough
looking mountains for the back groun<l, distant 15 to
iO miles. The town is situated about 18 miles from
the Mexican boundary in latitude 8P, about as far
South as Savannah, Ga., and is expected to be the
terminus of the Texas Pacilic Railway.

Otr the boat, over a long wharf and one enters a
town of about 2000 people, which has an air of being
deserted. You see no life, no business, no sign' of
trade except in wool, at one or two houses which
seem to buy all that is oflered at 12 to 17c. Of this
great staple great quantities are sold as it constitutes
the only product except honey, of a large extent of
country.

Let me premise that vegetation requires vjciter, and
that water does not nin around town, but is fouiid
only by digging deep wells, from which it is lifted by
vfind-mills into large tanks from which it is distribu-
ted through hose to the gardens.

There are many beautilul houses in town surrounded
by gardens tillea with the choicest of elegant flowers
which bloom the year around, or as long as they pour
on water.

Two steam mills fitted with machinery expressly for
cutting bee-hive stuff have been kept at work supply-
ing the demand for hives and section boxes. There
have been about 12000 hives made, using up over
;W0,000 feet of lumber— reil-wood and pine.

Last year the honey crop was so exceptionally great
that every body here who had money, bought a few
colonies of bees, went out to the mountains', 15 to 50
miles, and took a ranch or, as men in the West would
say, "took up a homestead," or "squatted" on a claim.
Some went with their bees, some let them out' on
shares, giving one-half the increase and one-half the
honey, lui-nishing one-half the new hives and one-half
the section or honej'' boxes.

Let us go out and hunt a location too. 'With a good
horse we leave the town anil immediately in its sub-
urbs reach a high rolling country over which we
'.ravel about 20 miles. This section is not used for
bees. It is covered with cactus, grouse wood and low
bushes ; the soil being sandy gravel mixed with clay.
l^lenty of horned toads, snakes, scorpions, swifts, owls,
ground squirrels, gophefs, rabbits and quail abound
here. Perhaps once in 5 or 10 miles you will see a
tree, or tin elder bush grown to a tree. They have
live oak, elder, sycamore and cottonwood only, so far
as I have seen. Then we come to the granite i-ange
of mountains which runs N. W. and S. E.— high gran-
ite ranges which lie in every direction, cut up by can-
yons or narrow valleys, and it is in these canyons,
surrounded by these bare forbidding mountains, the
bees are kept.

To an J<;astcrn man the whole tri)) is dreary and
forbiilding in the extreme. Not a tree, bush, flower
nor any thing, but among perfect strangers, he feels
a stranger in a strange land. Among these canvons,
at from one to three miles apart, you liud thc'bee-
ranches-simply 50 to .'500 hives of bees standing close
together in the sun, arranged in rows or streets with
the incvitcible veiled keeper among them attending to
their v/ants. A few rods from the bees stands a small
house, perhaps 12 feet square, used to make up the

hives and store honey in ; a little farther off, the house
of the bee-keeper— small as the honey house, not plas-
tered and quite open to the weather ; i.ndee;l they say
they have no cold weather, and hence do liot want ii
tight house. Here the bee-keei^er— usually alone or
\vith an assistant— remains for nionths at a time, rare-
ly seeing strange faces, attending solely to bees.

At such a place, among 4U0hiVes of "nice Italians, I
foimd the King of bee-keci)ers— Mr. Harbison— busy
with his assistiint arranging for the storing of his-
honey.

Mr.' H. is a quiet gentleman 47 years of age, about 5
feet 10 inches, in height, blue eyes and santlv beard,
who nov/ has half a ilozen Apiaries of froni ioo to (>()0-
colonies earrb, at distances of S to 20 n;s'iles apart. He
counted oOOO stands of Italians last spring. The lirst
vear ho was here (1&70) he got but 30 lbs. of honey to a.
hive, the next 70 in 1S71, 9'J in 1872, 00 in 1S78, and 150
in 1871. These ligures from his own lips do not eonvey
an idea of great fortunes in a hwrij.

Last winter the bee-raen bought hive material for
about three swarms from each old stock. In Marclk
the bees began to swarm, but the 1st of April a hetivy
frost^the heaviest known in years in this country-
cut off all the flowers, ai^l reduced whole Apiaries to-
starvation. Many line new swarms deserted their
hives, or starved to death. Swarming was stoi)ped, :w
per cent of the young Qvteens were lost in their fertil-
i:',ing llight. Swarms came out and went iuto othei'
hives, and so a general disap])oiutmeat has resnlted.
Of the loss of j'oung (Jaeens in their undue lliglit.
Mr. Harbison told me, that from long observation, he
believed there were workers which he calls ctven(/erK,
which killed them, while outside, or elsje followed
them inside the hive to kill theni.

The flowers did not secrete any honey of conse-
quence until two weeks ago, and as the sage was in-
jured, no one anticipates half a crop of lionev. The
main flow of surplus honey is gathered from May 30th.
to July 1st from white sage. There are other plants
which ])roducc (piite as much, though not so whiter
and nice.

Nearly every Apiarian now has on hand ruough.
empty liives for next year's work. They are not, as a
class, very sanguine of great success. Many are dis-
appointed cither in anticipated results or so disgusted
with the utter loneliness of this life, isolated from all
society, far from town or means of procuring the
necessfiries of life, that a great many good locations
are for .sale very low. Bees can be had this fall at
$.'3.00 or less in box hives, full of honey, or in good
frame hives at 55.00 each. The time to" come here is
from October to Jan. 1st to get ready for the summer''s
work. Let no one come expecting to And churches,
schools nor society, but to be isolated from mankind
while engaged in the business. To sell a farm at the
East and come here to raise honey is the height of
foil}', and whoever does so will never cease to regret
it. It will be far better to come and look at the coun-
trj' before bringing families, for all is not gold that
glitters. Let no one bring any furniture, and, by all
means, bring no bees. The cost even from San Fran-
cisco here is more than they are worth. Every thing
here is high, probably 20 per cent higher than than in,
any of oiu- Western states and all i)ayable in gold. It
is costly work getting started. Abo'ut ?2000, gold, is
required when one gets here to get to the end of his
lirst year's honey season. Horses are low, wagons
double Eastern prices. Honey extractors they will
not use. They let all bees swarm natiu-ally and never
raise Queens to increase. Here comb honey is M'orth
16c. for the choicest— in gold.

The citizens of both town and country are front
Northern and Western states— a class of white jieople
who are glad to see others come among th<jm ; are
hospitabie and kind, readily giving the stranger the
right hand of fellowship and all the information in
their ])0wer. Lumber is cheap as in the state of Wis-
consin, of two kinds, red-wood from the northern
part of this state, and pine from Oregon. Fuel iu
town is scarce and high. In the country, we can now
get this fuel for the cutting and hauling. Very little
is required at any season. No Are except to cook with
is ever used. The stores and churches do not have
auy chimneys, so that of course tliey never have a lire.

The climate is the great "stock in trade." Never
cold, never hot. Since 1 have been here— a month—
the mercury has not been above 70°, or below 00^ more
than a half dozen times. It gets tiresome at lirst to
have such a sameness in the weather, and one longs
for a good thunder storm or a blow from some direc-
tion. It never rains from April till November and
some years but little even during the winter months.
Now every thing looks dead and dried up, but during
the whole winter the country is in the height of l)eauty.

Thousands of people from the Ea^t come here iu the

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

87

l:ill to >*]ii'iul tlio winter and regain tlicir-hoaltli. I'eo-
lilc wear tlieir winl(>r elothinjr and under elotlnnf; tlie
year ro\ind. l)iit rarely an uvereoat. At cliiireli you
ieeliall'tlie ladies weiiving Itirs or heavy dark winter
dresses, an<1 tlio other haH'in white or other summer
■<'lotliiiig— so that every thing or any thing- is the
Tashion.

1 think from eoraiitrnsoin ol'inices that goods in gen-
eral are ahont 20 jjor eent higher here in (/f>ld than at
the East in euiTencN-. Emigkant.

San Diego, t'al. Ivlay :;ist. lt<7r).

ARTJFlClAli SWARM1!V<; AND <irEEN
HlKAKJMJi.

■^^f^EFOTiE gonig alieiul in tliis work, we
JLj)' want to he sure we are all ready, and to
illustrate one point, we will mention that our
neiftiibor Sliaw, of Chatham Center, made us a
call a few days ago, and after seeing one of our
hest colonies, was shown one of the poorest.

"Ton say you have been making new eolo-
niesr' *;aid he.

"Only about a half dozen."'

"The first eoloay we examined is so full of
l)ees, brood and honey, that the Queen cannot
lay to advantage."

We assented, and spoke of making more col-
onies.

"And the latter," continued he, "cannot give
the Queen employment, because she has too
■few bees. They have, in fact, at least 0, out of
their 10 combs, eutireij' unoccupied, have thev
not?"

We assented, and ventured to add, that she
3iad been depositing two or three eggs in a cell
for a month or two, because she had insuffic-
ient room.

"And yet you are using combs of hatching
hrood to make new colonies?"

"But Mr. Sliaw do ywi practice what you
teach V do you make no new colonies until all
your Queens are furnished Avithplenty of bees ?"

"Frankly, I do not. and it is just because I,
like many others, have been in so much haste
\<t count mj' colonies b.v the hundred, blindly
trusting all the time, that the weak ones would
by some chance build up before fall ; the re-
;-iult has been, that I have always been 'putter-
ing'with weak colonies and nuclei. It is just
because we have not gor. the nerve to make all
Mroiirj before commencing Queen rearing, and
making artificial colonies ; that is the cause of
y^ of our losses, I verily do helievey

Now dear readers, have you got the nerve,
"or energy, or "go-ahead," to make nil your
stocks good before conunenciug to make new
ones, or to raise Queens, or any thing else ?
We have to-day (June l!)th) colonies that cover
only 4 or 5 combs, that apparently do not store
one ounce of honey per daj% while those side
by side that cover 10 combs, and till their hives
full, are bringing in 2 or 'A lbs. of clover honey
per day.

Said Mr. Shaw just before leaving, "If I had
oO colonies like some of your best, 1 would l)e
content to do nothing else than work with
thera during the summer," and were we not
uU so ambitious to have a few bees scattered
through a great many hives, we might make a
summer's work that would give some profit,
and not end in disaster before the return of
another season. One point more, and that is,
that each hive contains a Queen equal to the
task of /.rc;urtf7 a colony in full strength, and
we are ready to consider Queen rearing with

tlie aid of the Lauip Nursery ; and by the way,
if you do not wish to go to the expense of :i
nursery until you have tried it, you can select
some kind of a tin uiensii tliat will hold one
or two of your combs, and will set inside of
your wife's wash boiler. Put in a fiat-iron or
two, or some weight sufiicient to hold it down,
while you fill the space between tliis utensil
and the boiler with water; a space filled with
water should also be left of about an inch be-
tween the l)ottoms, the idea l)cing simi)!yto
surround the vessel containing tlie combs,
with water that is kept constantly at a tem-
perature of from SO to 100 degrees, by means of
a common kerosene lamp kept burning under
the boiler. If the boiler is large, it will take
15 or 20 hours to get it all warmed up, and
then you can control the temperature very
easily, by turning the wick up or down. Pack
newspapers between the two vessels in such a
way as to prevent your Queens ffom tumbling
into the water. Whatever you do, please don't
have any family "jars" in regard to ownership
of the boiler, when wash day comes. Now for
business.

As we advised last month, get your larvae
for Queen rearing, by putting a clean worker
comb in your colony containing tiie imported
or best Queen, leaving it not longer than to
allow the larvaj to be just visible as they
emerge from the egg. Now put it into a strong
Queenless colony, having no other brood. Re-
peat the operation every three days, and as
soon as all the cells are capped over on any
comb, brush the bees off" very carefully, — you
must not shake them at this stage — and place
it in the lamp nursery. As these Queens will
all be hatched before a single worker bee comes
out, we can easily avoid having any bees in
the nursery. When it is time for the Queens
to hatch,— 16 days from the time the eggs were
laid — you should examine the nursery the last
thing at night, the first thing in the morning,
and several times during the day. By holding
the comb near the ear you can hear the Queens
when they commence to gnaw out. Let thera
come out, or, if in a hurry, cut them out with
a sharp pea-knife ; and you have got fine
Queens that can be put any where with impu-
nity. If you put them in a hive containing a
Queen, they will be killed when they get old
enough to begin to show their royal preroga-
tives, but if put among ajiy bees that have no
Queen, they will behave precisely as if
hatched there, providing they have never seen
other bees, and have been hatched but a few
hours. To make a colony with such a Queen,
you have only to lift out about one-third the
bees, combs and all, from any strong hive, and
drop the Queen among them, or if yon choose,
let her run in at the entrance; this is all, for
she will commence laying before the brood
they have already, is "all hatched out. Our
plaia is to divide the colonies as fast as a Queen
hatches. A very fine colony was made last
season, by shaking the bees from 6 combs in
front of a hive containing empty combs only,
and while they were traveling in, throwing the
Queen among them. In fact, in one week, the
Queen had made a successful trip, and soon
the dry combs were teeming with brood and
honey! With this nursery you will observe
thai ":i.ll cutting out Qtieen cells is avoided.

88

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

JlTLY.

OUR OWJV APIAKir.

^yipPAY 14th. Three colonics are Queeuless.
(j^Kit, One Avas quite an old Queen, and two
were young ones ; all had been laying briskly
up to their demise. Only 43 now that have
Queens, but many of our best now have brood
in six combs. The colony suspende<l on the
spring scales was last fall only ordinary, but
now bids fair to outstrip all others. With the
high winds we have had this spring, their hive
has been swinging almost constantly, and in
spite of the wires attached to steady it, it has
been bumped about at times so as to fairly jar
the combs out of place, and we really feared
l>ees could not live, disturbed so constantly in
this manner. Strange to say they not only
live, but have been the most active colony at
the open air feeding. "When all the rest have
l)een driven home by cold or rain, these fairly
tumbled out of their hive in their eagerness to
get the largest share of the spoils.

Several have lately advanced the idea that
stimulative feeding in the spring was a mis-
take ; that it really did not help matters.
Aside from our own experiments, we would
point to the results of open air feeding given
on pages 79, Vol. 1st, and cover of Dec. No.
Vol. 2.'

May Ibth — To-day it is quite cool, with pros-
pect of a frost. In regard to our 3 Qiieenless
colonies we reasoned thus : Although they
have cells started, it will be two or three
weeks before they can get laying Queens, and
during this time they could rear a large
amount of brood if they only had the eggs ;
now as we have several colonies the Queens of
which are putting two or three eggs in a cell
because they have too few bees, is it not plain
they should be united for their mutual advan-
tage, even if the result be that we have 43 col-
onies instead of 46? This idea we put In prac-
tice at dinner time, by simply lifting the combs
and all out of their hive, and setting them in
with the Queenless one so quietly that not one
of them took wing. In one case we lifted the
Queeuless colony thus and set them in with
one containing a Queen. An examination a
few hours after, showed her majesty in the
very heart of the camp of the enemy very busi-
ly depositing eggs, while a circle of sympa-
thetic • observers viewed the progress of the
work, with every appearance of complete sat-
isfaction and hearty approval. And why not?
They had prepared cells for eggs flays ago,
and probably after their fashion had lamented
their sad fate as their numbers were lessening
daily ; the Queen on the other hand had been
putting two eggs in a cell, and then wishing
in vain for a broader field of usefulness. Are
you sure no such bad economy is to be found
in yottr "bee yards" kind friends? We have
introduced six Queens, or rather united 12
stocks in this manner this spring, and have
had no failures. Wc have been surprised also,
to learn that the bees after being carried where
there is a fertile Queen, show very little if any
disposition to return to their former hive.

May IWi — Heighho ! Honey is coming in.
Yesterday we omitted their morning rations
out-doors, for the first time, and yet our sus-
pended hive showed a gain of half a pound,
and to-day, although there isn't an apple blos-

som to be found, they have actually gained <a
pound and a half. We can find no other source
than the hard maple.

The colony given a "tea-kettleful" of feed ha>r
staid at home to fuss with it until they arc
far behind their fellows that have been fed ii>
the open air ; those among the latter that com-
menced first, and were most active, are the
ones that have gathered the most pollen, and
are now our best stocks. We have decided to
feed all summer long Avhenever we have a
week of weather that does not afford pastur-
age. If we feed only sweetened water, it wiD
not prevent them from going to the fields, and
in fact they will not notice it, until forage
fails. We are going to raise hees bear in mind,
and at present there is a much greater demand
for bees than for honey. We really believe we
could sell 1000 nuclei at good prices if we hacS
them. Cannot those who complain that honey
don't sell, help supply the demand for bees ?
We really have been obliged to advise those
just commencing, to send way across the Union
to Adam Grimm, to get bees for a start. Who
will offer them at a reasonable price ?

May 22nd — A plump l^o lbs. each day, the
suspended colony shows, and we think it all
comes from dandelion and cherry blossoms.
Do you know what a glorious beauty there i»
in a field yellow with dandelions ?

While our strong colonies are growing finely,
our medium ones are actually going down
hill ; we explain this by the fact that the latter
all ceased brood rearing during the freeze (near-
ly three weeks ago), and now they have no
young bees hatching, and their brood is almost
unprotected. Young bees are seen scattered
about on the ground in the morning, unable to
fly, so thick that we have to be careful in
walking among the hives to avoid treading on
them. We can conjecture that these are
weak, because they were insuflicieutly fed in
the larva? state. Weak stocks and nuclei ! O
why were such things ever thought of?

June 5t7i — The yield of honey ceased about
3Iay 26th, and since then we have resumed the
out-door feeding, just enough to keep brood
going.

A few days ago we paid friend Dean a visit ;
Mr. D. uses division boards. We have not
used them in the spring, and perhaps we got
an idea that they were not very important,
from a remark oi' Gallup's, we think, that he
would as soon have a comb as a division board
and they were an extra bother too. We no-
ticed last season that Mr. D's division boards
hung on the rabbets like frames, and that they
were beveled sharp at the edges so as to be "
easily movable, and concluded as they did not
fit closely — having a space of ^^4 inch at the
bottom for the bees to get under, besides "looj)
holes" under ends of the frames, formed by the
metal rabbet — that they really were not
much better than a whole frame of comb.

Well, friend D. commenced showing his bees
— opened a hive near us and showed almost
every comb filled with brood clear down to the
lower corners of the frames — do you remember
we once objected to a deep or even a square
frame because the bees would not extend the
brood clear doAvn iintil late in the season?
Well, these Queens laid eggs clear down to the
bottom board, and the bees "cared for them"

1S75

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

■Sfl

too; the next hive had only about (i conil)s
instead of 12, l)ut these <» were etjiuilly well
stocked with brood and covered with l)ees,
and thou we asked to see his very weakest
colony.

"A nucleus?" said I).

"Well yes, a nucleus. Wc waul to see if
your bei-s ■<iltr<iifi< tiW a comb with brood clear
down, before tJiey take an(tther."

"Why that is just what I have been tryini;^
to tell you. I »M/Mv; them do it with the diri.s-
ion iKHird. 1 never give the Queen another
<'omb, until she has iJlled those she has clear
i'ull, and has bees enougii to cover another and
take care of the eggs." And so we found it
ndear through the Apiary. Bees were found
rlustcriug out in front of hives as though they
were a "Uig swarm," and on looking inside
they had only two mmbx, and both of these, —
one against tlie front end, the other close
to the division board, — lilled witli brood a-s be-
fore. When they began to get crowded out,
and not until then, they were given another
eomb. Do you see why tlie freeze did much
less mischief with his bees than with ours V

Yesterday we called on friend Blakeslee.
He wintered 50 colonies in 2o L. hives — puts in
ji division board in the fall, and winters them
<H\ 4 combs each. They are now full of bees,
-:iud are hanging out — of course one entrance
is in front, and the other at the back of the
hive, — and he is busy at work giving them a
full hive each. We gave him this idea, two
years ago, but our first trial of the plan result-
ed in so much loss, that we abandoned it, yet
Mr. B. has succeeded nicely with it for the past
two seasons. Do you see that on the same
principle of Mr. Dean's, Mr. B's bees do better
on four combs than they would in a full hive ?

The locust trees are in full bloom now, yet
aiot a bee is to be seen on them. A few years
ago we wanted to plant a Locud Orchird, but
are glad we did uot, now, it is so seldom they
yield a crop of honej'. The Linden Orchard is
booking glorious — masses of bright green foli-
age in strait rows of almost half a mile in
length.

June I2ik — A whole pound of honey the day
before yesterday, and i>ro whole ones yesterday
were indicated by the spring balance, and it is
in all probability from the clover, locusts fur-
ziish nothing to speak of, although the trees
are white with bloom.

On the 10th, we paid a. visit to Mr. Coe, the
patentee of the house Apiary. The building is
very pretty and tasty, and the bees going out
and in through the sidts, with the square of
different colors jxiinted over each entrance,gives
an effect on a grass lawn that to our eye is de-
'■idMljj ornamental. On looking into the inte--
vior, the visitor is even more delighted, for
arranged on broad shelves on either side, are
observatory hives, having a glass over the out-
side comb, that gives a view of all the work-
ings of the hive. In one where the Ixjes had
filled the number of combs given them, we saw
the Queen depositing eggs, with all her wonted
<liligence. The frames are close fitting sides,
and the shelf they rest on, closes the bottom,
while the tops are covered with a piece of
woolen cloth. In starting a colony, a board
the size (jf a frame is first set up before an en-
trance, and at a little distance from the wall,

then two or three C(Mnbs with bees are i)laced
against this, then the other board which con-
tains an ol)servation glass ; each of these
boards has a screw in the side, and a piece of
tape or a rubber band, holds the whole togeth-
er. As we have said, when all is cleared up,
and the bees are seen only through the glass,
the beauty of the arrangment is enough to set
any one wild with the idea. Mr. Coe u.ses tall
frames, as it gives him an opportunity to i)ile
the bo.Kcs up on i)oth sides, and this very fea-
ture brings the sides so nciU- the centre of tlie
brood cluster, that the moment the frames are
separated, the bees make exploring expeditions
to see what is the matter, in a way that is very
annoying when the frames are to be replaced.
Mr. Dean who accompanied us, was so disgust-
ed in his attempts to open and close a hive
without killing bees, that he demjunces the
hou.se altogether, unless it be for box honey,
and we tried in vain to convince him, that it
might even be posnible, to so arrange things, that
extracting could be done inside. We must,
confess that the sight of bees hopping about
on the floor in imminent danger of being tramp-
led under foot, and taking their own time to
get to the window, was any thing but encour-
aging for the extracting business. The fact
that similar houses have been in use for years
for box honey, and that none of them seem to
obtain permanent favor, is rather against them.
Mr. Coe however may have made some valua-
ble improvements. His patent was granted in
Jan. ; we have not seen his claims.

June lith — As it was quite cold yesterday,
index only showed }.< lb., but to-night we see
the hand has traveled around to the tune of
Uirce pounds aiul a half ! White clover isn't a
failure in our "ranch" this season any way.
Have made three new colonies, and Dadant
sent us an imported Queen, that wc gave four
combs of hatching bees (don't pay to run any
risks with f 10.00 "insex,") so we are now 47.

On page 63, we mentioned a colony that had
"sick bees" even in warm weather; these got
well and now every bee is as healthy as need
be. But in another part of the Apiary we have
had a similar case for more than a month past,
and the trouble seems to be getting alarming.
Bees may be seen at all times of the day around
the entrance, hopping about antl exhibiting a
peculiar, nervous twitching, which finally ends
in death ; on opening the hive, these nervous,
twitching bees are to be seen all through the
colony ; many of them presenting a ([ueer black
look, and some of them are so wasted away as
to be mere skeletons, painful to look at.
The Queen is not of the imported stock, and
seems to be quite prolific, and brood rearing is
going on finely, yet if something docs not turn
up, the colony must perish. A few of these
bees are found in other hives, but they may
have crawled in by mistake. In tlie first case
of the malady, we supposed it was caused by
some improper food they had collected, and
that it would cease when they began to gather
new stores, which seemed to be the case ; but
in this latter case, the trouble seems to be
rather on the increase. Whether or no it has
any thing to do with the prevalent spring
dwindling we are unable to say.

.June 2ith — By some freak of fortune, our
Apiary counts 51 colonies instead of 47. We

Off

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

JuLt.

don't really see how it comes, but as they all
came there honestly, we will try and be con-
tent without intiniriuii- into the matter. It
may be the Automatic swarmer has been at
Work "on the sly." For the last ten days the
yield has been from 3 to 41.2 lbs. jier day, and
the suspended hive y-ot so full of bees that we
removed 4 combs, bees and all, gave them a
Queen that a friend swapped us for a Medley,
and now they are a fair colony, too. We have
not as yet .commenced extracting, or rather
have taken out but little. In conse(iuence of
o'ur frequent rains, the clover honey is ([uite
thin, and has a raw taste ; and we are deter-
rrtinc'il our honey this season shall be as good
as that in the coml). We have ))een waiting
for them to cap it, until the combs are all tilled
with brood and honey, and now we really have
no alternative but to put on the upper stories,
and make use of our stock of reserve combs
that have been idle for two years. In using
the upper stories this season, we shall work a
little differently. We have been in the habit
heretofore of raising up some of the brood
combs ; now we allow them to remain in the
lower story, shut down close, until every comb
is rtlled, and they just begin to get crowded ;
then if upper combs are put on they are filled
with honey very speedily, and not much brood
above. The brood does no particular harm,
yet it is much easier getting the bees off from
combs that are all honey. Also, by using our
drone combs above, and putting at a distance
of about 3 inches from center to center, we get
as much honey by handling only 7 or 8 combs
as We would otherwise with 10. These very
thick combs can l)e kept expressly for the pui*-
pose, and it is just the nicest fun to see our
light extractors relieve them of their weighty
contents. Our colony of sick or jerking bees
IS rather on the irain. Although no parasites
are visil)le on them, their behavior was such
that we gave their hive a good dusting with
tobacco, feeling that "we must do something,"
a,s people often do when they take medicine.
Although tiiey are improving, We really can-
not think their treatment has much or any-
thing to do with it.

June 2~}th — Our suspended colony is the life
of the Apiary. Although we divided It as
mentioned on tlie 14th, they gathei'ed 6-*4 lbs.
yesterday and this morning sent out a rousing
swarm. It had rained during the night, and
they being vicious hybrids, we expected some
show of stings, for they in their want of Avis-
dom entirely overlooked the ingenious Auto-
matic Hicdnner, and clustered on a limb that we
did not wish cut oft'. We thought of a veil,
but finally approached them with a clothes
basket, and directed Mrs. N. to spread a sheet
over it just as soon as we shook them
all in. This she did, and then, in accordance
with urgent advice on our part, beat a precip-
itate retreat. Now these very bees behaved in
the most exemplary manner only day before
yesterday. When we were extracting, but this
morning they excelled all hybrids, in giving
those peculiar hissing stings that fetch blood
lit every puncture. They "don't hurt" now,
but they did an hour ago, ami We are now
thinking Whether it would not have been bet-
tei" to have Hftw&d off the limb and to have
taken them down (juietly. If it were not for

the Automatic swarmer, we certainly would
"saw off" that Queen's wings, and perhaps
while we are about it, the wings to the whole
troop of the eccentric royal daughters. We
put them into the Quinby hive, and now for
"box honey" once more.

June 2C)th — Mr. Blakeslee says ?m suspended
hive has furnished bees for five nuclei, and yet
he has been obliged to take away all their
combs but two, to prevent swarming. In 48
hours after this they gained fifteen lbs., al-
though they had to build the combs to con-
tain the honey. A friend suggests that the
swinging about in the wind is analagous to
their native homes in the forest, and this ac-
counts for their unwonted activity. Fifteen
lbs. in 3 days is rather a strong argument in
favor of box honey. Both colonies are con-
fined to a one story Simplicity L. hive, as our
scales only have a capacity of 62 lbs.

Gleanings in Bee Culture,

Publisbed Monthly,

-A.. I. I?.OOT.

EDITOR AND PROPRIETOR.

MEDINA, OHIO.

[Including Postac/e.]
For Cliib Rates see Last Page.

3s<a:Ei3i3sr.A., j-ctl^st i, isTS.

And thou Shalt take no trift; for the gift bUndeth
the wise, and 7ierverteth the Avords of the righteous.
Exodus, xxiii, 8.

A. B. J"., for June was on hand about the first of the
month, but Magazine not until the liith, and World on
the 22nd.

Mk. Meukiam wrote on the Kith, that one who
would induce Eastern people to sell out and go to
California to keep bees, ought to be "hung."

THE (Jueen received from Dadant appears to be a
young one ; this is quite an item, for if we are to keep
one on hand to sui)ply larva; for Queens, one 2 months
old, is worth double one that is 2 years oUl.

Some Summer rape and Chinese mustard were sown
in our garden, it seems to ns not more than 30 days
ago, yet both are beginning to blossom already. II"
honey alone was the object, it seems these seeds
might be sown even during July and August. Bees
arc too buSv on the clover to visit tbem now.

We really do not wish to be vmder the necessity of
lumbering up every Issue of Gleanings with a list of
the wares we keej) for sale and the prices of the same.
Can yon not be a little nlore careful of the price lists
we mail you once a year or oftener, dear friends 'f
W^e wish to devote these pages to some better purpose
than a constant repetition.

C. E. PoTTEu, of Watkins, O., and others, are in-
formed that chloroforming bees to transfer them does
not wo* k well in pi-actice. If stupefied, they would
remain in their cells where they would be sure to re-
ceive injury. We much prefer to have them alive and
callable of heing driven out of the way by proper ad-
ministration of smoke.

I3E^^OTEI5 E25:CIj-CrSI"V"EI-i^Sr TO BEES J^ISTID HOnSTE-ST

Vol. III.

SUPPLEMENT -JULY 1, 1875.

No. VII.

0?'K NEW "AIR CASTJLE."

P:AR FRIEXDS •.— Wc are again much in-
terested in a new project, and for fear it
may be only another glass house experiment,
we prefer to talk to you about it in a supple-
jueut, feeling as we do that the pages of Gi^kan-
JNtrS should only lie occupied vv'ith matter of
real value. Should there be found any thing
of real use in the following Ave shall be most
heartily glad of it.

Extracting is a laborious operation as
most of you know from experience, and a great
portion of the labor involved is the necessity
of carrying the combs from the hives to the
i^xtractor and back again. Whether we put
our extractor on a wheel barrow as IMr. Lang-
stroth suggests, or make a can with a tent on
it to run between two rows of hives a la Blake-
slee, or arrange the hives hexagonallj^ about
the bee house doors, in either case much labor
and lifting is involved. Again, if we carry
our bees into a cellar or bee house dui'ing the
winter <( la James Boliu and others, and be-
sides that, carry them back during unfavora-
ble spring weather, whether we do it by hand,
or wheel them in on cars, it is an expensive
-md troublesome operation.

Now we need hardly say, that our bees
would assoouA"to/v their honey in one place as in
'inothej-, for that matter, they would store it
directly in the extractor without any trouble
:tt all. When a bee is flying home laden, why
do we insist on its carrying its load to some
spot, perhaps rods away from our extractor,
while we Avith surprising stupidity sweat in
the broiling sun, as we lug the heavy combs
to the extracting room and back again V . If
we don"t tell you of our most precious and
i)rilliant new hobby pretty soon, perhaps you
will begin to think we have got a "right" or
;something to sell Unally. On the contrary it is,
if of value, a free gift, and is only accompanied
with a fervent prayer that it may aid j^oii to
success in your chosen branch of industry.

The plan we are just about putting into ex-
ec jitiou is as follows :

Suppose yourself furnished with a neat small
extractor, and all the implements for the busi-
ness, and located, — well anywhere, say in the
centre of your garden for instance. As it is
sometimes necessarj^ to extract during wet
iiud muddy weather, we think you had better
have a clean level floor about you, say for a
distance of seven feet from the centre of your
extractor. Now should you work very long
during a brisk yield of honey, in such narrow
quarters, you would probably lind it accumu-

lating about you, so as to be vmpleasantly in
the way ; on this account and some others, we
will have a nice clean cellar under our plat-
form, capable of holding a large tin-lined tank
in which the honey may be allowed to stand i>
la Muth, until it is well settled, scum has risen,
etc. A suitable gate will run it from this into
barrels, and a car can convey them to the
wagon to be shipped. A side hill would be a
very convenient phice to make this cellar, and
at the same time have our extracting floor on
a level with the ground. Very well, now where
will we have our clever little friends unload
their burdens of sweets V We cannot very well
ask them all to put it directly in the extractor,
as that might lead to "onpleasantness," Init
can we not have 50 colonies store their honey
all within one yard of the machine V Now be
mild, and wait until we get our "Air Castle"
built, before you attempt to "kick it over."
It is our pet hobby, anil we might "flght like
blazes" if perchance you could not run the
fastest after you had done it.

If you draw a circle on your platform, so that
it shall be at all points not more than 6 feet
from the center of your extractor, its circum-
ference will be about 36 feet, and if we should
plant 20 comb hives so that their entrances
were all outward, with the back end board
resting on this circle, we should be able to get
in about 25 hives. If we knelt before the
hives when lifting out the combs, (as ice usually
do,) a shelf containing another similar tier of
hives could be placed not more than 4 feet
above the floor, and still be out of our way ;
this would make the 50 ; and their entrances
being in a much larger circle, would be on an
average of about 2 feet and five inches apart,
and each oue would face a diflerent point of
the compass. We have repeatedly had bees do
well, when the entrances were less than 18
inches apart ; and by making them dissimilar,
we think that not even any danger to Queens
need be apprehended. As we have got these
hives in such excellent and compact shape for
wintering, perhaps we had liest put a double
sawdust Mall all around them, and a double
roof overhead. With this number of good
colonies grouped so compactly together, we
need have little fear of frost inside. As it will
be less work, we will make our building an
octagon, instead of a circle, and each one of its
8 sides will contain three hives even if we use
a frame as long as the Langstroth. These
three will be built all in one, with only very
thin boards to divide tiiem, and as all is well
covered from the weather, a thin cloth cover-
ing will be all the better, because we expect to

GXEANINGS IN BEE CTTLTJIRE.

keep the whole inside of the room warm in
winter by retaining the animal heat from so
many colonies, so closely packed. For en-
trance passages, we will use round hollow
sticks — with a tAVo inch l>ore, say — and these
vrill reach through our jjacked wall, and be so
arranged that all may be opened or closed by
a single lever. The middle one of each three
hives will hSive the entrance in the centre, the
two outside ones in the outer corners ; this
gives us entrances about two feet apart, and
only three in a row, at that. We think all ex-
perienced bee-keepers will agree that there
would be little danger of mixing with our 48
colonies ai'ranged as above.

Now, our underground arrangement of last
winter showed that it not only kept the hives
above freezing in cold weather, but that it also
kept them below a brood-raising temperature
in warm weather, and to avoid this we will
have large doors on both the east and west
sides, to be left open whenever we wish the
interior to become quickly warmed up to the
temperature of the outside air ; our thin v>'all-
ed hives facilitating this, you will bear in
mind. Again, during the spring months, the
air is often quite warm in the middle of the
day ; this we will take advantage of by open-
ing the doors, and then closing them early in
the afternoon until the next day, etc. Who
has not felt surprise, on going into his bee
house some cool morning, to tind it almost as
warm as the air had been the previous day
when it had been closed all night V To give
the bees, in winter, about the same benefit of
the sun's rays as they would get when kept
out of doors, we will have several double
windows, where they will be conveniently out
of the way, for we need take no pains to keep
this room dark, as no bees are ever allowed to
get into the room, unless it l)e while extract-
ing, and then our large doors are both open.
To facilitate a free circulation of air all around
our thin hives, we would raise the bottom tier
from the lloor about three inches, and to pre-
vent bees from getting under them, and into
the triangalar spaces at the corners of the
room when extracting, we would close these
spaces with wire cloth. When we wish to
extract, we would lift out enough fnvmes from
our 20 comb liive, to allow a place to shake
and l)rush all the young bees into the bottom
of the hives — the older ones being allowed
to fly out at tlie door — and should any fail of
getting in, they would lie pretty sure to be on
the covers of the adjoining hives or wire
cloth, from which they could easily be lirushed
into the hive where they belong. You will
see that the whole business of extracting is
simply removing the combs, and passing them
to your assistant, who stands at all times with
the extractor right at your side. Each one of
the features of the above arrangement we
have tested, or seen tested, separately ; and
the dihiculties that are to be surmounted when
all arc combined, we shall ti-y to overcome in a
house that we are just about putting up.

Jnae 28</t — The glass house is all removed,
and in its stead we now have the Octagon
house. It is a two story building that was
originally made to grind grain in, with the
wind-mill for a motive power. The juveniles
of our family, after holding conclave, began

making very anxious inquiries in regard to-
what use papa was going to make of the upper
story ; and on l>eing told that it was of no
especial use except as a dead air space in win-
ter, l^egged it for a play room ; when the ob-
jection was raised that the stairs were to be
taken down. Master Ernest volunteei*ed to
make a suspension stairway from the top of
the north fence to one of the windows, and he
is now planning this structure, with side rails^
of course, for the accomodation of Blue Eyes.
Our caqjenter is nov/ engaged in making the
hatchway for rolling out the barrels of honey-
when filled, and ere we pay you another visit
we expect to have it stocked with bees, and to
be able to reiwrt how it works on basswood'
honey.

P. S. — There are two or three things about
the house Apiary that we are never going to
tell auylx)dy of, and one is about having the-
whole inside case containing the hives, made-
to revolve on a pivot, with a wire cloth bot-
tom to each hive, and tin pipes converging to
the hopper in the center; and when the SO*
comb hives are all full of honey, we will hitch

on the now if we should tell wdiat, you

would some of you may l)e get it patent-
ed, so we will just bid you adieu, without an-
other word about our new Air Castles.

I've given up farming, and liung all my portion on
bees, and crave a (;alm time, as I'm a young sailor on
tlie Honey Sea. More an<l more I'm convinced of the
superiority of the Italians, I've S stocks of black
bees away from home not yet Italianized. The 8 gave
2)4 gal., and stung evei'ybddy about the Apiary -while
extracting; while the Italians by their side gave
nearly 2 gallons each, and only one" sting in four days.
I can't learn to like your metal corners for top bars^
they hurt my lingers Avhen I sliake off bees. Have
also discarded metal clasps for transferring combs^
and use thin strips tacked across the frames length-
wise, and can then (ill the frame with scraps of comb
like brick work. Have made some honey bo.xes ol
1/^ inch wide cypress- lath strips, boxes 5 inehes high.
(J wide, outside measure; eleven sections to a box.
with stri)) tacked on the side to hold all sections to-
gether. The ends left open for bees to work through.
Four boxes All a simplicity hive ; can stop the ends
wlien taken out. I much regret ciUting entrances in
the liive instead of the bottom board, as I dibcover
that there is a great difterence in extracting, for I (;an
then lift oil" all the bees and set the empty box on the
stand and shake the bees into it, so as never to have
the same bees to shake ofl" more than once. Success
to the wind mill. W. F. St.vni>kkek, Dry Grove, Miss.
The corners you used were probably made
wi,th our first set of dies, and were rough and
sharp ; by grasping the frame by the part
Avhere the tin is united to the wood, you can
avoid this trouble. If you have the amount of
propolis we do, you certainly will not wish to
go back to prying frames loose. Use the strips,
of course, when fastening many litth^ bits into
frames, but most box hives will furnish con)bs
that the clasps will hold perfectly well. We
have practiced lifting the hive ott" the stand,
and putting the combs into a new one as fast
as extracted, but rather prefer lifting all the
combs out of f he hive before shaking off any
bees, and then i»utting them back only as fast
as extracted. Mr. Dean has a rack to hold the
combs, made of very thin, light jiine, and sup-
ported on legs that Ining it up high enough to
avoid stooping. At lirst the bees are brushed
ott' hastily, then in the extracting room the
young bees are every one brushed back into
the box, and when the extracted combs are
ready to carry back»t,o the hive, these young
bees are all found clustered on them.

1875.

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE

i

BITS OF GOSSIP.

In speaking of the I-;imi) Nursery on pa^'c iU, the
types provoklnjjly say a "/u'«(7.(/ hatclicd" c,>iR'eii,
when we iiioaiit a H(V('?i/ hatcheil one. We don't ad-
vise meddlini; with c,)ueens until they (trc hatched, or
at least have eomnienccd to gnaw out. <>n page !)(>
read Xepata Glechmna instead of Gleclwrna.

Our Queen cages ai-e s])ecially adapted to sending
Queens long distances, arc easily opened and closed,
and recjuire no tacks or paper wads to do it. Another
thing; the cage opens so that you can get at the
(^ueen without any guess work, and there are no cor-
ners for her to wedge herself into. Price, Vic by mail.

We have commenced manufacturing a Honey Gate;
this dilVers from the ordinary Molasses (iate, in hav-
ing a tinned surface all ready to solder into the can,
instead of the ordinary screw thread cut in them.
The upper i)art of the gate, Avhere it projects inside
the can, is left open, to facilitate the exit of the
honey. In ordering, please specify whether you want
them to put into wood, or to solder into metal cans.

In answer to several enquiries, we reply that we
have no difticultj^ at all with our machines in extract-
ing from new combs jiartly built; eyen if they are
attached only to the top bar, and we think a new
swarm does all the better for having their combs emp-
tied every other day, when the honej' is coming in
fast. So far as we can see, it does not interfere with
comb building at all, and very much tacilates brood
rearing.

The suspended liive had been extracted, and two
nearly empty frames were put in the middle of the
liive just 40 hours before they swarmed ; two days af-
terward we looked them over tm'X found no trace of
Queen cells. Very likely the hot sun had something
to do with the swarming, as the tree that usually shades
them has partially died. The hand on the dial went
suddenly backward eUjht lbs. when thcj' went out.
They are now rejoicing in an abundance of room in
the Quinby hive.

We mail Gleanings in time for each number to
reach you bj- the first of the month, and if it fails to do
so, please don't think it advisable to write unkind let-
ters to us. We take great pride in handing you each
number, and watch the mails neiwously for a week
after, to hear how well we have succeeded in pleasing
you; we would not for any thing have any of you
miss a number, yet not a month passes, witliout quite
a number of complaints. After investigating, we find
by far the larger number of conii)Iaints arc caused by
some other person of the same or nearly the same name
taking them out of the ollicc by mistake. Please ask
your P. M. if such may not be the case, before writing
us. If not, drop us a card, and we will cheerfully send
any number that you have not received.

It may be there are valualfie features found in the
\1 or 18 dollar Extractors, not found in our own §10.00
ones, but if such is the case, wc are unable to appreci-
ate them. AVr. have added every improvement sug-
gested that we thought would i)rove valuable, all
things considered, and yet we find no great difllculty
in furnishing them all crated and ready to ship, for
the prices named. Any one who has careftdly studied
the matter will see that to make a machine cajiable
of revolving four combs instead of two, will require an
increase in size and weight, Avithout very materially
aidinsj in rajjidity of work, among the masses. Re-
versing the combs inside the can, making the inside
frame three cornered, running the machine by gear-

ing or belts i)laccd under the bottom, etc., etc., have
all had their advocates, but we think have generally
been, after a lime, discardeil lilu; the revolving cans.
Our friends can rest assured, that wc shall s|iare no
Iiains in i)romptly ad()i)ting anv real imi)rovenient that
may come up. Please du tell the dimensions of the
frame or frames you use, in ordering.

FoK a two story hive, we decidedly prefer the dol-
lar Simplicity arrangement to any of the more expen-
sive hives. You can use as nice lumber as you jircfer,
and can keei> them well painte<l, but so far as adding
wire cloth covered holes, strijjs an<l the various pat-
ented "cog wheel" arrangements, we should vei a-
quickly take the i)lain, smooth boxes, oven if ofl'erc<'l
at the same price as the others. The entrance we find
l)articularly convenient; during very hot weather, it
inclined to cluster out, any amount of ventilation can
be given in an instant, and without any tinkering
with blocks all covered with gum. Wlien the en-
trance is to be contracted, it is just as (|uickly done
without confusing the bees by an extra entrance. The
cracks Ic^ft at the back end when the hive is thu&
pushed forward do no hann, in jiractice, for the bees
of a good colony very soon stop them with propolis.

We are freipiently asked why our honey knives are
Si .00, when good ones are oflered for 50e. each. It ix
true that a honey knife will answer about as well for
uncapping when made with a blade about half the
length of ours, and it will also work as well put hastily
into a cheap wooden handle, as if put into one made
of soli<l ebony nicely feruled, like our own. Do you
know that you often take better care of a smooth nice-
ly finished tool, than you do of a rough cheap one?
Again, verj' often during the extracting season, j'ou
will need a thin bladed knife long enough to reach
clear down to the bottom of the hive ; this ours will
do, and it is made so thin, and of such fine steel, that
it will spring into a straight bladed knife with slight
pressure, and without injurj-. Crooked pointed knives,
it seems to us, are a great blunder, and we have tried
in vain to use one ; a knife like ours, that is sharp on
both edges, and also on its rounded point, ofiers every
facility, we think, for uncapping all sunken places in
the combs.

OUR OTEBLiEY.

51^ KAR NOVICE :-Three cheers for Novice, Hip !
Ip[| M Hip ! Hui-rah ! and what's all this fuss about ?
^??^ Why, don't yon know ? Last night we got the
"Jl/cdtey." and we sailed our old hat so high that,
sure as you live, it's up there yet. There must have
been some great attraction in it, for when I went to
the i)ost oftice, the postmaster and mistress had it
undone and were looking at it with all the eyes they
had, and trying to borrow some more. I'd like to tell
you what I think of it, but I can't, only it's just splen-
did. It is pronounced here the best got up Medley we
have ever seen. Methinks I see some of "P. G's."
handiwork in the arrangement of the pictures, and I
think it's too bad we couldn't have her Photo',
and Anna Saunders, too ; she sent you her picture, and
if you did not get it we'll have to lay it to Uncle Sam.
I have looked at the faces for hours, till my eyes
ached, and I haven't even thought of getting tired of
it yet.

Now, Novice, why can't we have another Medley,
i. e., one of the hives, extractors, etc., in use ? I'm
sure it would be almost .as good as the one of the bee-
keepers themselves. I wonder if we can't make it
worth your while to try it ? Am willing to do and
pay my share towards it. W^hat say you friends,
sh.all we set Novice and Blue Eyes to work again ?

Mr. Chairman, 1 move that the bee-keepers of
America give friend Novice and his assistants a vote
of thanks for getting up his splendid Medley of bee-
keepers. Yours, Truly,

Will. M. Kellog, Oneida, Knox Co., III. June 12, '75.

DEAR NOVICE :— Medley just received— am de-
lighted with it— never spent, nor never exjiect to si)end
Sl.oo for any thing that can give mo more pleasure
than it does. I sliall never grow tired of studying the
many faces it contains. Most of which I am glad to
say, look honest and truthful. But it is a mystery to
me how you can get up such a picture, and prepare it
for mailing, and pay i)Ostage, all for Sl.OO. Should like
to name the ones whose looks 1 like best, but there arc
too many.

Respects to j\Irs. N., and P. G., love to' little Blue
Eyes, and happiness and prosperity to all.

As ever, Alekei^ Mcmains.

Chariton, Iowa, June 25th, "75.

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

1875

'JHE ITIETAL, CORNERS.

HOW TO MAKE THE FRAMES.

S metal cornered frames are now coming
i^^ quite extensively into use, it may not be
amiss to consider how best they arc to be
made. Our trames were first made of strips
of straight grained pine, only ig *^f '^i^ incli in
thickness, and it is surprising to see how well
such comljs have stood. On one occasion a
number of these heavily filled with honey fell
fro'.n the top of a barrel, yet not a corner was
injured, and not a comb broken ; these were
Gallup frames, however, only 11^4x1114. For
the Langstroth frames we now make the top
liar about 10--j2, and all the rest of the frame
1-'S2, the ends of the top bars are also tapei-ed
down to 7-'J3 where the top corners go on, as
this is about the thickness of stuff that the
corners are intended for. Standard, American,
and Gallup frames are all made of 7-o2 stuff
thi-oughout. The Quinby size may have a %
top Ixiv, l)ut the bottom Ixxrs might all be not
more than ig, were it not that the frames may
be sometimes used for transferring, and that
the v>'eight of the combs would sag the bottom
bar, y.'hich is a very 1)ad feature, if we wish to
work closely and avoid killing bees. The top
l>ars would not reciuire so much wood were it
not that honey boxes are sometimes placed on
them, and it is advisable to be on the safe side.
When we depend entirely on the use of the ex-
tractor, we would prefer a space of half an
inch between the ends of the frames ; but for
box honey, small bits of comb will be biiilt in
this space, more than will be the case when 3^
only is allowed. It requires a very careful
operator to. work fast, and and avoid pinching
bees, when only I4 or ?g iuch is allowed. At
one time last season we were much in I'avor of
n. hive made of sections, to hold 2, 4, G, S, or 10
coml>s, but we now feel much less faith in the
policy of tolerating 3 or 4 coml) hives in the
Apiary at any season, and much as such an
arrangement might be desired, thy inconven-
iences are too great, we think, to have them
come into use. Putting in a division board is
much simpler, and will, we think, answer
nearly as well. It is true the closed end
Quinby fraiue makes this very easy, but we
have received so many adverse reports since
the time we were disposed to favor them, that
we think very few bee-keepers will ever sub-
mit to be annoyed by tliem, unless they work
their Apiary mainly for box honey.

The two following cuts may assist some in
putting on the metal corners:

Fi- 1. 1 Fig. 2.

Figure 1 represents the points ready to be
closed down and clinched into the wood,
which is represented by the dotted lines A, A.
Fig. 3 shows a point badly clinched at B, and
one perfectly driven down at C. The line D
shows the direction in which the linishing
blow of the hammer is to be given ; in fact
this blow should sink the metaT slightly into
the corner of the wood, drawing it up tight at
the side C, and on no account letting it bulge

out as at B, nor allowing tlie point to curl up..
A light, properly made hammer and a little
practice will enable anyone to make every
point like C. Should you get one done ]:)adly,
you can with a pair of plyers straighten it out
and mfike it go right. The objection has fre-
quently Ijeen made that this takes more time
than to nail them; even if this were so, we are
enabled to employ girls or other cheap help
(we beg pardon ladies, but we never yet saw a
community that did not furnish more or less
females, who wouhl be glad to get some such
light work,) who could not possibly nail good
frames ; then after they are doue, their superior
strength and lightness compared with nailed
frames, fully makes up the difference in price.
We will send you a sample frame by mail, just
as we would have it for 15c. (13c. Standard
size) including sample of rabbet and trans-
ferring clasp and you can test it by the side
of your own frame in your hives. If the
nailed ones do not seem awkward after using
it, you, of course, need not invest any further.
See our price list for further particulars.

The metal corners were patented June 18th,
1872. This was done only to protect our busi-
ness of manufacturing them. No rights have
ever l)eeu offered for sale and probalDly never
will be.

Would it not be a guod idea in publishing "testi-
monials," to give the adverse letters received, as
well as those from our "pleased" customers? Un-
doubtedly this plan would give the ]niblic a view of
both sides of the question. We haven't had a dissat-
isfied letter j'et, in regard to the Medley, and those
received in regard to our hives and extractors, we
have generally published. Perhaps the nearest to a
com|)laiut about the corners, is given in this supple-
ment ; if our friend who wrote it has no other cause of
complaint, we think the objection he gives has been
already remedied. As we have said before, wc value
honest criticism, and hojje our friends will "talk outV
when thev don't feel satisfied.

Please bear in mind that mistakes are always liable
with all the care that can possibly be taken. A case
is at hand where an Extractor wfis damaged by the
11. R. Co., and had to be returned to us for repairs;
now although we sent a new one in its place with all
possible despatch, our customer never entertained the
idea, it would seem, that the delay was from any fault
but our own. In case of a delay, tell us briefly when
and what you ordered, aud whether you have received
any thing from us to indicate your order reached us.
Some goods were recently burned in a warehouse ;
this caused na trouble, the K. 11. Co. trouble, and our
customers trouble, and although all responsibility on
our part had ceased, we preferred to duplicate the
burned goods, and run the risk of getting our pay of
the 11. It. Co., somclinie.

CO]\J[E ^OUTM I

APIARY FOR SALE IN NEW ORLEANS.

i C)K COLOISIIES ITALIAX AND HYBRID
L^tJ BEES, in Frame Hives, will be sold at a
bargain on account of departure. Eor raising early
(,>ueens or lioney, for home, Xorthern or Western
markets, this is a good oijportunity for an enterpris-
ing man to make a comfortable livelihood with less
than S500 capital. Address,

JXO. J. KIVERA, Xcw Orleans, La.

t^5

GLEANINGS IN BEE crLTLTRE.

\n

liEWAKE how you attempt extracting immcdiutel)/
after a heavy rain. IJees are peaceable only when
they are intent on the lioney that is coming an, nn<l
j( heavy shower often wasJies out the nectar IVoiu the
llowers to *u<'Ji aa extent that they remain idle until
more can he secreted, a jierioii of several liours or
Quore. New begiiiuers freviieutly get stung disastrous-
ly before tJiey learn why their bees so sudilenly
■change their disposition, and sometimes become dis-
gusted \v1th the extriK-tor, just because they choose
an improi>er time to «lo Mie work.

I'HE Meilley is now ready and, we believe, gives tlie
best of satisfaction wherever received. We adver-
tised to make it SxlO, but so many more Photos were
sent in than we expw.ed, that we decided lo make it
10x14, and this williout changing the price, although
the new postal law compels us to pay from 12 to 15c.
<m each copy. As the work costs us several huudred
■dollars, we hope it may have & wide circulation.
The two large pictures of Mr. Langstroth and Mr.
<2uinby should Ise worth the dollar alone, to say noth-
ing of the rest of the group. We think it contains
about 150 pictxires, but they are like the little girl's
<-hickens, wiienever we undertake it, some of them
'•won't be counted,""

We like to feel sometimes that our work is all done
•up— that every order is filled, every letter answered,
anfl in shert— all duties faithfullj- discharged. l>o not
you at times feel the same, dear reader? We are sure
at least a few of oisr careful house-keepers do. Now
a gi'eat part of our duties is to open and answer let-
ters, and vpe have found by experience, that the only
way is to open one letter, and 6nish all that is to be
<lone to it, before opening the next; that is, so far as
may be, for it may have to be deposited at once into a
jiigeon hole that we have labeled "Await Further
Orders ;" or if the goods called for are by some means
<ielayed, it is put into one marked ''Ship as Soon as
Vossible."' In order to get through with all the letters
received each day, we are obliged to push them along,
«s it were, and but few minutes on an average can be
■spared to each one ; and in order to do justice to you all,
many of our replies must be so brief as to seem al-
most rude. Write to us just as often, as you like, and
■we are i-eal glad to get real long letters, if you only
will not expect us to reply at equal length. It doesn't
use \ip brain and muscle "to read friendly letters, but
it assuredly does in our case, to write them.

If you want to get nice worker comb, don't put an
empty frame in the middle of a strong colony during
a good yield ot honey. Get your comb built in mod-
erate colonies, or remove all the combs but one or
two ; see the articles in back No's, from Dean and Oat-
man. This rule, however, has exceptions, and you
can try a colony and see what combs they will build ;
the progeny of a certain Queen will, so long as she
lives, have peculiarities. One hive always inclines to
l)uikl drone comb, another worker, another crooked
comb, etc., and by studjing them you can take ad-
vantage of this. Complete, strait worker combs are
better than cash in the bank, for when you once get a
complete set, you can rear just as few drones as you
clioose. A few days ago we iound a frame that had
been put into one of the hives by mistake; it contain-
ed sealed drone brood from the top to the bottom bar.
How much do you suppose the colony lost by not
liaving had an entire worker comb in place of it?
How many hives have you at this minute containing
<lrone brood that is worse than useless ? It is true
you c-an pare their heads ofl', but would it not have
been much better economy to have liad it worker
brood instead ?

In using the I^amp Nursery for rearing dollar
Queens, remove every Queen as soon as she com-
mences to lay, and i)ut a nearly hat<-hed Queen in her
place at onc(! ; occasionally one will be found miss-
ing in this <'ase, but our "machines" if given a
comb of cells every ;! days, will sui)ply us witli new
(Queens so cheai)ly that llie loss of one is a very small
nuitter ; in fact the greatest trouble is to lind a place
for them all. Worms will be very apt to be found in
the nursery, and we know of no better way at pres-
ent, than to pick them out ; if this be done daily, and
if each comi) is ret;irned to tha hive as soon as all the
Queen cells are liatched. it will be a light task.

t^Ali NOV K'E:- Perhaps all the bee-keepers
^i^j; think that Gallup is dead by this time, biit lie
*—»'' still lives. I have been compelled to go into a
new business and that, too, against my own wishes.
Since the lirst of November last, I have been home
but two weeks, and since the 17th of Jan. I have Ijeeu
home only two nights; and in order to be with ray
family, I have rented my farm, purchased and moveil
into town, and gone into the Water-cure or Hydro-
l)athic practice. I have not solicited a single case,
and yet I have had all I could attend to, and have had
universal success, I have taken several hopeless cases,
or cases pronounced hopeless by the regular phys-
icians, and cui-ed them entirely. Have let the bees to
J. W. Lindley, and hung out ray shingle and gone
Into the business. Have nad no time to write to my
most intimate friends until this morning.

K. Galliti', Osage, Iowa. June .^d, 187.5.
Can we not all join in kind wishes to our
old friend ? Whether it be among bees, or in
his new avocation, or in whatever tield it shall
seem that he may do most good among his
fellows, may success attend his labors. And
may we not hope that very shortly he will
conclude to keep a few bees again, even if he
is in town ? We are sure that an occasional
article from the pen of Doctor Gallup would
be as warmly welcomed, as in the days when
he used to give us his side splitting broad-
sides, after his day's labor in rail splitting on
the farm.

FERTILE WORKERS.

fypS^O, please, tell me In next Gleanings how to get
Jl! m rid of a "fertile worker." On the lOtli of April,
4=*'^ I accidentally crushed one of my best Queens,
in removing a card of bi'ood for inspection. In due
time I found the bees supplied with a flue looking vir-
gin Queen, which was lost in her unsuccessful at-
tempts to meet a drone at that season of the year. I
Inserted brood at various times. Procured a tine
fertile Queen, destroyed all Queen cells, and Inserted
her properlv caged. At the expiration of four ilays
I liberated the t)ueen. Next day the bees brought out
her corpse. I then inserted two capped ()ueen cells.
These were hatched and destroyed. Not until then
were my suspicions aroused. Close Inspection re-
vealed eggs at Irregular spaces, and in various num-
bers In worker cells. From ten to fifteen eggs were
found In each orfe of the old Queen cells.

In this condition. Queen cells started elsewhere and
Inserted, were cared tor and hatched, and then the
Queens were killed. In this dilemma, I dlviiled the
colony into four nuclei. Three of these are prosper-
ing; but the fourth, still contains the ambitious work-
er ; and the most careful Inspection does not lead to
her detection, ^^^lat shall I do ?

G. E. Cokhin, St. Johns, Mich. June 10th, 75.

In the first place, no fertile worker should
ever be allowed in an Apiary ; you should con-
sider it something to be ashamed of, and it will
never make its appearance, if every Queenless
colony is given a comb of eggs every 4 or 5
days. If you have been so careless, don't fuss
with a little brood, but give the poor fellov.'s 3
or 4 combs full at once, and keep them so well
supplied with good eggs that the fertile worker
will lose her occupation. It will always prove
a remedy.

93

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

July.

FORCIIVOBE£S AS WE DO VEGETABLES.

*^^^HEN we mentioned the matter of mak-
^\^ ing use of glass sash, etc., in Vol. I, we
liad no idea of letting the bees fly under the
glass as on the Bidwell plan, and although so
many fiiilures are reported with the sashes, it
is quite likely that when properly used, they
may serve a very good purpose in April and
Alay. We insert the following : —

About the mirl'Ue of last November I put into win-
ter (luarters ',a dry cellar under my house) 49 swarms
of bees. To-day I have in good condition 4i swarms.
I lost one by neglect, (starving,) one by "tooling"
with it, (I forced it, too much in my forcing house, i. e.
I forced it out of existence,) two left their hives and
took up their quarters with their neighbors, one was
robbed, one "lit out," and I have purchased one. My
bees have used about 1'25 lbs. of rye Hour this spring.
The rtrst week in May they worked as briskly on it as
at anv other time, carrving into their hives during
that week, about oO lbs. My experience shows that
the forcing house is good if not used to excess.
During the winter, if a swarm Ijecame uneasy, 1 put
it into che forcdng house, removed the quilt, let the
bees have a "rty," and at evening returned it to the cel-
lar. I experimented witli 20 dilierent swarms in this
way, on as many bright sunshiny days, sometimes
tlie thermometer outsiile being below zero, with very
beuelicial results. If 1 had not done it, I think I
should have have lost several more.

Norvvalk, Ohio, May '25th, l!-75.

In the above, the "fly" may have been bene-
ticial, but we cannot think the evidence very
positive. In the next there seems to be no
chance to doubt that the direct rays of the
sun were the cause of making the poorest
stock the best.

FRIEND NOVlCK:-This past winter .and spring
liave been very hard on bees. Some liave lose all ;
one man Jiad 25 colonies in box hives, another 16, botli
lost all ; another, 7; lost all but one. I had 29 in the
fall that were in pretty fair condition. 1 fed in fall to
induce breeding, so as to liave young bees to winter.
I tliink that was one reason so many hives perished
during the past winter and spring, (bees too old, and
constantly diminishing in numbers.) I transferred
.seven very weak colonies in March. Some of them
liad only a pint of bees ; saved all of them, and they
are good strong colonies now. I I'laced a sash of
glass over one of them to see what 1 could do in the
way of forcing, and 1 succeeded fmely. Every day
that the sun shone out warm, 1 removed most of the
old clothes from the hive, and let the accumulated
warmth of the sun's rays through the glass warm the
bees. At night or in the evening I would put back
llie old cloliies and cari)et, and weiglit down with a
board and rock, to as to retain tlie warmth. The re-
sult was, tliat the pint of bees was the lirst one of
forty colonies to build new comb. Of course 1 was
feeding stimulatingly all this time. I liave some
young Italian (.Queens, raised this season, that are
laying nicely, one colony sent olV a large swarm the
last day of 3Iay, during the How of honey from the
gum and poplar trees; but we have but few of these
liere, our main de|tendence is white clover.

J. B. IlAi'i-, Orrville, O. June 8th, 1875.

In the above case, it seems that warming
the bees did not induce them to fly out and get
lost, after all ; and altliough much was said
about it at the time of our manure experiment,
we do not think such was the case at all.
That the manure kept the sun from them, lifter
it had ceased to ft;riiient, we think was the
case ; but that wiiriniug uj) a hive on its sum-
mer stand will induce the bees to go out dur-
ing bad weather, we tliiidv an error. On page
69, Vol. 3, is a letter from M. Miller, and his
Hudden death is noted in the same No. This
gentleman had several colonies arranged in a
bank cellar, so they could fly from the outside;
as an experiment, lie arranged tin underground
flue directly under some of the hives, in such a
way as to warm them up grtidually by means

of Are heat. Mr. Pierson, of Ghent, O., who
saw the experiment, states that he warmed up
the hives unril the bees crowded out at the en-
trance, as they do during a hot day, but that
no bees took wing or got lost, and when their
hives got cool, they went back qitietly. After
friend M's death, his familj" wrote us to know
what they should do with their great crop of
clover honey, and flnally a sou made us a call.
We questioned him about the experiment, and
although he said he had no preference for the
bee business, we gathered that the most of
their great crop had been obtained from the
few hives thiit his father "built a Are under."
Such an arrangement would hardly be tidvisa-
ble on the ground of economy, yet the princi-
ple brought to light is important. During our
recent visit to Mr. Coe's house Apiary, we saw
a number of two or three comb nuclei, that
seemed to be flouisrhing so finely despite the
cold damp weather, that we inquired if he had
used no artificial heat. He replied, only so
much as was aftbrded by placiug in the room
a can of hot water, and so perfect are the
walls, doors, windows, etc., that it kept the
apartment at a temperature of, we think, 60"
or 70" per 24 hours or more. The walls are
made with a series of dead air spaces, and
would without doubt, besides economizing the
heat from so many colonies, preserve any kind
of artificial heat for a long time.

^ ■>■ ^

OBITUARY NOTICES.

m GREAT calamity has befallen the bee-
^^ keepers of our land in the very sudden
death of Mr. M. Quinby. Aside from the books
lie has written, he has been an almost constant
contributor for years to the Am. AgricuUimtst,
and his article in the last Juue No., would give
no indication of the loss of the great mental
activity he has always exhibited through a
busy and useful life.

}le was born in 1810, in Westchester Co.,
N. Y., and came to Montgomery Co., in 1853.
He died the 26th of May, 1875, probably of ap-
poplexy. May we all, when we come to our
dying beds, have canse to feel that our lives
have t)eeu as useful to our fellow men, as has
that of our departed friend, M. Quinby ; and
shoultl no pn1)lic monument ever be erected to
his worth, his memory will stand for ever in
the hearts of his couutrymen.

The following is at hand in regard to the
death of one of our number, whose report ap-
peared on page 61), May No., and was afterward
copied in the New Orleans Home Journal.

Emmett Fuller, who made so flattering a report of
his Ai)iculturiil success last season, in the May No. of
(ii.KAN'iNGs, died at the age tf 22 years, on tlie 14lh
inst. He was a member of the "graduating class" of
the Michigan State Agricultural College. His luneral
w;is iittended l)y forty of his class-mates and a large
concourse of friends ;uid neiglibors. Priest Abbott,
ol the Oollcge, conducted the religious exercises. The
deceased was universally ;uid highly esteemed by liis
cla&s-mates and accpiaintances, both in the Oollege,
and at home. He resided with his friends, uetir
Mason, (about sixteen miles from the College,) when
lie died.

G. E. CORHiN, St. Johns, Mich.

<)i;u neighbor Mr. Clark, who publishes the Yoim'j
Folk'a (Jon, and who lias a card in this No., we arc
happy to say is a thorough gentleman, and one e(iual
to the task of comluctinc; his large business.

1875.

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE

93

FROM DIFFERENT FIELDS.

S2%EES in splendid condition— never better, 1 tliink,
'¥% at tlie time of year. Have dwindled vp until
^i-' the hlve8 arc almost running over with bees.
S'onic of tliem, in lact, liave run over, as they com-
menced swarming Mav 27th. notwithstanilins 1 had
destroyed the Queen cells to i)revent it. t^hall liave to
lav the blame for tlieir acting so to over eleven bush-
els of rye ami oal flour they have carried in, and a
barrel of sugiir made into syruj), that I have been ad-
ministering in small doses, daily, since March 1st.

James Bolin, West Lodi. O.
May joiir shadow uevergrow less, friend B.,
and luay you be able teach the rising genera-
tions, to keep bees as successfully as you do.

A. J. Fisher, of East Liverpool, O., asks what
he shall do with the large amounts of pollen
that his bees are tilling the combs with, 7ie
fears to such an extent that it will leave the
Queen no room for eggs. He can't exchange
combs, for his hives are all in the same predic
ament. Now it is very difficult for us to be-
lieve that his bees, or any others, ever collect
more pollen than they need. We have seen
the^same state of affairs, yet in looking again
after several stormy days have intervened we
found the pollen all or nearly all used up.
This of course is in hives having plenty of
brood and brisk Italian Queens. Get an im-
ported Queen, friend F., and if her daughters
will not furnish a family that will empty the
combs of pollen in short metre, your locality
is different from ours.

Can I Italianize my bees when there are more than
one hundred colonies within a mile of me ? If to I
would like to have the name of some Queen raiser as
near me as possible so that I can get a Queen or two
as early as possible. "A Green Texian."

You can receive nearl}' if not quite all the
benefit of the Italians as honey producers, even
if there be 100 black stocks in the same Apiary,
if you get all eggs or larvse lor Queen rearing,
from a Queen of known purity. And here
again we feel sure that we shall do our friends
a service by advising an imported one. A test-
ed daughter of an imported, would be the next
best thing, and if it were not for the time taken,
we would advise buying half a dozen dollar
Queens from imported stock and selecting one
from these. We can do no better than to refer
to those who advertise in Gleanings.

YoTi say don't put new swarms into empty Simplici-
ty hives. How else can we do? We have no combs
to put into frames to start with unless it be a bit fas-
tened in. Do you have no guides to space frames
accurately ? or do you depend on the eye ? They slip
so very easily when empty I should suppose a contri-
vance if but a bit of thin wood with slots cut in would
be an advantage.

J. W. POKTER, Charlottsville, Va. June 3rd, '75.

It may be necessary to put your first swarm
into an empty hive, but after you have got one
in the movable comb hive you have decided to
use, you can always spare the next colony at
least one comb for a pattern, and if this one
comb contains unsealed larvje, you can feel
sure that your colony will not desert. A
swarm can be put into an empty Simplicity
as well as any other or perhaps better, for by
pushing the hive well forward over the bottom
board, yoit can give them the very best chance
to get in, in fact you can after shaking them
in front of it, slide it directly over them, and

thus hive them very (juickly. You can with
very little practice, set the frames at equal
distances, much (juicker than you possibly
could by the aid of any stick or guage. Just
before you shake the colony in lYont of it, open
it and llx the combs all nicely in place, then
tuck the (jullt down so WvaX not a bet itau y:,i'\.
above it, and shut it down. When the colony
is on its permanent stand, it may be well to
elevate the back end of the hive, and then
again raise the quilt enough to see that the
frames have not got displaced, and finally
watch them daily for several days, and insist
on their doing good work. Use all the bits of
worker comb you have about, by all means.

A year ago last fall on the 18th day of November 1
placed seven swarms in the cellar under my dwelling
house and on tlie first of March following I took them
out sound. Tiie past season they increased to nine-
teen Bwarms— placed them in the same cellar on the
20th November, '74— took them out on the 25th of
Marcli — afl alive but one. The cellar is dry and well
ventilated. I use Langstroth hives. My Swiss clover
is just getting in bloom.

Geo. Heatek, Flat Rock, O June Ist, '75.

But what is Swiss clover friend H. ? please
tell us more about it 'i

Here I am away out here in Montcalm Co., all alone
so to speak, yet I have a "better half" and four pair of
little "Blue eyes" and 80 roaring strong stocks of pure
Italian bees to make my home jubilant. Methinks 1
hear some one ask, "what's the trouble tlien ?" but
wait, I will explain. Ten years ago I bought my first
Italian Queen ; at that time many old fogies declared
that if I ever got a Queen by mail it would be a wood-
en one and when I told them that I had taken 500 lbs.
of honey from one stock in a season, why, they gave
me all sorts of abuse of course, but however the honey
interest has been on tlie increase every year since until
last season, when it became very important ; much of
the time passers by thought I kept a hotel by the looks
of the vehicles in front of my dwelling. "Then what
is the matter?" AVhy the bees are all dead in
this part of Mich., all died the past winter and spring,
and here I am working away among my little pets day
after day without any Tjody to talk bees to, ancl if per-
chance 1 see some person going along, they cast a
careless glance over towards me and go on shaking
their heads as much as to say, "doubtful business that,
can't fool me again."

Wishing all a prosperous season with bees etc., I
am yours fraternally, H. M. Roop.

Carson City, Mich. June 30th, '75.

You leave us to conjecture, friend R., that
your success like all the rest, is only because
you have learned how, and it is a positive fact,
that our old hands at the business, are getting
the upper hand of the wintering troubles.

A file of Gleanings from the beginning, was a few
days ago lent me bj- a friend, and my wife says it has
stood me "on the head" about bees, as it caused a
great revival on that subject.

Amos S. Collins, New Orleans, La.

We trust that you may eventually get "lev-
el," and that the revival may be permanent
and productive of good.

I have two Queens that are blind or crazy, they lay
as many as twenty eggs in one cell ; I have caught
them, and set them on an cmi>ty comb to learn their
duty, but it is no use, they do as before and I turned
tlie index on the word not approved.

J. Duieelek, Wetiuiock, Wis. May 22nd, '75.

If the Queens do this when they have a good
colony of bees, they are certainly at fault, but
if they are equal to the task of depositing a
great many eggs, and have only a few cells pre-
pared and kept warm for them, they certainly
should not be blamed. We have seen Queens
that behaved thus in the spring, afterward
make good strong colonics.

<Ji

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

1875

The last A. B. ./., states that the machine for ma-
kinc: the corners cost $2.50. Please inform me if it
is so, or if not. the actxial cost.

The machiuery for making the corners com-
plete co.sts from" 3 to §500.00, and as one set of
machines will supply all that will probably be
wanted, we prefer to make them ourselves, and
thus insure accuracy and uniformity. We al-
low any one to make them for tlwir oirn vse, if
they prefer, Imt as a general thing it Avill be
found cheapest to use them made Avith accu-
rate machinery.

You misunderstood me on page 70. The double
width hives were strong enough to cover all the
frames and lill all the bo.x'es during the day and also
by night in ordinary seasons. Last jear the nights
were very cold—not a single hot one for the season.
So much so, that the bees contracted their cluster as
thev do in the winter. Single story common hives
that stored box honey, clustered out by day and by
night would lill boxes" and all. Bees were not set out
liere this year till 25th of Ayn-il.

E. C. ISTewell, Brookfleld, N. H.

We are to gather then, friend N., that the

long hives are not good for l^ox honey. This

may be the case, "but would not a division

board fix the difficulty?

"What do you think the simplest and best, to use for
tlivision boards ? Mice sometimes give trouble in the
bee-house in winter; would wire cloth under or over
the quilts prevent their doing injury ?

Is a wax extractor worth making when the number
of hives does not exceed twenty-live ? Will it not
take one vear's wax to pay for it ?

W. P."T., Fitzroy Harbor, Out., Can., June 7th, "75.

We believe wood is generally used for divis-
ion boards, although it is quite apt to warp
and shrink. We have used tin, quite satisfac-
torily, and with the Simplicity hives it is an
easy matter to saw a groove in both front and
back for these sheets to slide in ; this allows
the bees to get mixed at the entrance, however,
and hence is objectionable when dividing a
part of the Ijces for Queen rearing. For the
latter purpose, hives with the entrance at the
side of the combs like the Standard are prefer-
able. For a division board to contract the
brood apartment, any thing- will do that pre-
vents the Qneen from going to other combs ;
but for rearing extra Queens the partition
must be absolutely tight. It is true, that wire
cloth division boards have succeeded occasioai-
allj', for a time, but Avheu the bees can commu-
nicate with each other, the Queens seem to be
neglected, sooner or later. As wood is un-
doubtedly the cheaper material, we suppose it
will be most generall}^ used. Our neighljor
Shaw uses bits of lath, fastened close together
by pieces nailed across each end ; these neither
warp nor shrink. Those living near shingle
machines, can have very light and neat divis-
ion boards made at a small expense.

We would keep the mice out of the house ;
if this be impossible, perhaps you will have to
put coarse wire cloth over both entrance and
<iuilt. There is no excuse for making a bee
house so badly that mice can get in, and we
might almost say the same of a cellar.

We tin' I the wax extractor so convenient for
putting in cappings, that we should have one
if we had but 10 colonies. Very likely it inould
take the wax of o)ie season to pay for it, but if
it did even more^ would it not be called a good
investment?

FRIEND liOOT:— When Mr. Langstrotli was visit-
in::- yoi lie wrote me for a photo ol'JNir. Otis, 1 presume
ii'' \.'.;ii.>,| Si, for your i\Iedlcy. When his request
' : 1 California, and I knew nothing of it

until my return about a week ago. I have i.n excel-
lent i)h"oto of friend Otis, but presume it is now too
late for your use.

I was in Southern California about a month visiting
the Bee ranches. The Harbison hives are going oxit
of use. The Langstroth hives are preferred.

M. M. Balduidge, St. Charles, Ills. May 29, '75.

Several photo's came in just too late, and
among them we regret to say, vv^ere Mrs. L.
Harrison, and Miss Anna Saunders. We were
quite sorry to omit Mr. Otis, for although our
acquaintance with him was very In'ief, we are
inclined to think with Mr. L., that he is a
man, who has been unjustly persecuted.

The Medley is here. We have many pictu'-es— none
so highly prized as this, i think you deserve the
thanks of the bee-keeping fraternity.

There is one unpleasant thought when I look on the
faces of my bee-keeping brothers — that is. their losses
in wintering. If they could only consent to come
South, this dread would at once be ended. In Tenne-
see, with intelligent management the loss of bees is
almost unknown.

W. P. MooKE, Richland Station, Tenn. June 14, '75.

We think you are mistaken, friend JNI. We
have reports every season from localities both
Noi'th and South, where bees never die imless
from starvation. But the malady seems stead-
ily spreading, and we bid you all be prepared
to meet it, sooner or later. The very best pre-
caution, we think, is extra strong stocks, th-at
if the spring dwindling doen overtake them,
they may be able to weather it through.
Again, in places, where bees have for several
seasons died off badly, we hear of their win-
tering without trouble this past winter. The
point is to have bees enough to weather throu'
these severe pulls when they come ; if they
don't come, heavy stocks are a very good thing
to have in the spring when there is no dwind-
ling. We too, feel a deep sympathy for our
many "bee losers;"

W. F. Standefer, of Dry Grove, Miss., sends
us three samples of honey l^y mail. That from
spring flowers, which is much the lightest in
color, has a beautiful peculiar flavor, and
should bring at least as good a price as our
white clover, viz., about 16c. by the barrel, or
20c. at retail. The others are much like our
Northern fall honey, although perhaps a little
lighter, and would command from 3 to oc. less.
The figures, of course, do not refer to that sold
in cities, put up in fancy decanters, etc., for
from 25 to 50c ])er lb. These latter prices
must go down, we think, and the former ones
be relied upon for the great bulk of our honey.

Where can Tennessee honey Und the best market
north of the Ohio, and in what sizeed packages, shape
etc., would it be most salableJ' Extracted honey I
mean. W. H. P. Jones, Nashville, Tenn.

We can do no better than to refer to the par-
ties mentioned last season ; and if they do not
wish to buy at present, attend to your home
market. See that every dealer within 10 miles,
keeps a nice article the year round, in a conve-
nient shape for sale. A point occurs to us
right here ; the Editor of the Fruit Recorder
tells his readers that their greatest profits are
to be made during poor aattons, for he expects
tliem to be able to get a fair crop in spite of
drouth, insects, etc., whereas, the farmers, and
unskilled cultivators will then fail, and this
gives them good, remunerative prices. When
the season is so favorable that every thing is a
drug in the market, the i^rices leceived hardly
pay expenses. New, is there not a lesson for

1875.

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE

!).•)

us licro? If uo bees died in Aviuter, perhaps
lumey would not brinu; oc. per lb., and good
coloiiies might be bought for a doUar or two.
As it is now, our siiccessfal n(>ighbors are re-
fusing to sell when ottered $15.00 per colony,
and honey, that t/ut/ could produce at 8c. or
less, brings liic. It would be rather a hard
piece of advice, to say, "let those fail who are
not smart enough to winter their bees; it will
make it all the better for us, and we will sell
them more to start with at §15.00 or .$20.00 per
colony ;" but, dear friends, is it not working
somewhat that way V Which class are you
going to belong toi*

ilavo taken 2(K)0 lbs. houej' to date, and prospect
gooil for lour limes that amount.

J. F. MoNXGO.VEUY, Lincoln, Tenn. May26tn, '75.

I keep a few swarms of bees. Last year I pumped
•J 400 lbs. of honey from 15 swarms, increased them to
i-2, and got 400 new combs made. They wintered well,
have lost some this spring. Some have lost all they
had. Thev are doing- well now.

Dn. m; L. Eau-NEV, Hartford, Wis. May 27th, '75.

Weather very cold and backward. Bees rejoicing
however, that there was a "Novice" to invent the
Universal feeder.

Yours in all sweetness, G. C. Mii.ler.

Mt. Hanley, Annapolis Co., X. S. May 20th, '75.

On the supposition that all the frames in the lower
story are ivcll tilled with brood, would it noo be a
good plan to give each swarm, just before the white
clover harvest, enough sugar syrup to till up the edges
of such combs, thus forcing the bees to store all their
honey in the upper story ^ Especially would not this
plan "work well lor those who wish to secure box hon-
ey ? I expect to try it with a few swarms. AVith
best wishes 1 remain S. F. Newman, Norwalk, O.

We think the plan would be "tip-top" with-
out a doubt. Since clover honey seems des-
tined to command a better price than any oth-
er, not even excepting the California Sage, it
will behoove us to see how we maj- best econ-
omize it all. Sugar is just as good for brood
rearing, and probably a little better for win-
tering. ^Ul that remains to be seen to, is that
they do not carry this syrup above. If they
are all pretty liberally fed just before the clo-
ver season opens, and before the upper stories
are put on (or the surplus combs at the sides,
Avhich amount to the same thing), we think it
will be all clover honej^ above.

I had a splendid swarm of Italians yesterday— May
2ord— good for Michigan.

W. Comfort, Tecnmseh, Mich.

One day last week I had 3 swarms from box hives
that alighted on the same tree and limb, at a few min-
utes ol each other. Didn't know what to do with
them, had no hives to hold them, so I got a cracker
barrel-, and knocked the whole mess down, (for it was
a mess for certain,) and they are working apparent-
ly all right.

J. B. CoBii, Woodstown, N. J. June IGth, '75.

But you should not do so friend C, it is a
veiy easy matter to separate swarms. If you
have empty combs, all the better, if not, just
put the bees into three hives as nearly equally
divided as j'ou can, and in working with them,
you will very soon iind the Queens by at least
some of them being covered with a ball of
bees; examine them every hour or two, until
you do find them. With extra combs, the
Queens can be as readily found, as if in an or-
dinary colony. It is true your mammoth colo-
ny will gather a great amount of honey, if you
can set them all at work to advantage, but in
a short time, you will only have one ordinary
stock, where you might have had three.

In reply to a remonstrance from us because
Mr. L. ()l)jected to our pnl)lishiiig the names of
those who resjionded to our eall, he gives the
following sound reasoning in a private letter.

DKAi; I'.KOTHKlt: If there are any parties who
feci that in scmliiig me money Ihvy are oulv acknowl-
edging SOUK! benelit received froiii mv writings and
inventions, 1 should not decline accepting it, but lei
them send it to me personally, and not to have it aji-
pear in princ. Some might give, to have their names
appear, (not many 1 suitpose,)— and some might give
because they might feel that it would be expected of
them to gire, and yet they do not want to give. 1 ue"-
sire nothing but what comes from the heart.

L. L. LANGSTUorn. Philadelphia, Pa., May 2G, '75.

We are feeding our bees yet in a trough in the yanl,
a patent pail lull daily to 44 colonies. The\ take'it up
clean in less than an hour ; not the least robbing or
lighting, but they arc a good deal excited, ttod work
with a will, while it lasts, then (puet d )\vn in a i'cw
minutes, as soon as it is gone. We think it the easiest
and best way to feed when it is warm enough tor them
to lly. The nuclei will not take enough to live on,—
have to feed them in hives.

SARAH Axti;ll, Kosevillc, 111., June 10th. '75.

We fully agree with you, Mrs. A., and we
very much doubt the utility of feeding bees
when they cannot fly. To such of our readers
as have long drouths yielding no pasturage in
the fall, we would strongly advise this out-door
feeding ; it is better made ((uite thin — sweet-
ened water in fact, — and if you think j^ou can-
not atfoi'd it, rear dollar Queens to pay for the
sugar. When bees are disposed to visit the
grocers and confectioners, this will eflectually
keep them av,"ay, and^make them as quiet and
easy to handle, when in the midst of a yield
of honey.

We would earnestly advise those who are
taking decided positions in regard to double
walled and thin walled hives, to "go slow."
More reports are sent in than we can possibly
publish, and while one seems to j^oint very
positively in favor of the former, the next will
be as clearly in. favor of the latter. The most
puzzling part of it is, that in one Apiary, all
those covered with boxes, packed with sha-
vings, straw, chafl", etc., will die, while the un-
protected ones, side by side, live ; again, the un-
protected die, and the protected live. Is it
possible that those sending in reports, uncon-
sciously, are defending some hobby 'of their
own ? Although there are some very heavy
names apended to those advising chafl', walls,
etc., we think the testimony taken as a whoUi
shows clearly that such protection at least
does no good, and that the same colonies
would most likely have done well, any way.
Can we not try to bear in mind, that if a col-
ony does well in spite of our laborious tinker-
ing, it is no positive proof that they were beu-
eflted thereby. The testimony in favor of
frost-proof repositories, is almost unanimous,
and that in favor of carrying them back during
bad spring weather, alimist if not iiuite equal-
Ij' so. For out door wintering, the testimony
is heavy in favor of some pourous covering,
such as quilts or straw mats.

FUIEXl) NOVICE:— Wc have now 4(; colonies to

commence the season's work with ; that being the
same numlicr you have, 1 believe. The 20thof Maythe
majority of our stocks liad Ijrood in only two combs,
occupying a space in each comb no larger than your
hand, "at that. We were nearly discouraged, but by
the best care in our power we are building them up
somewhat, although they are still far from what they
should be at this season of the year. White clover
and locust just 0])ening.

G. M. DOOLITTLE, Borodino, N. Y., June IC, '75.

m

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

1875

Last winter my brother in St. Louis, Mo., sent me a
package of whatwas said to be Alsike clover seed, I
aowed part of it in our garden and the enclosed twigs
ai*e specimens of the result. The same thing has
grown along the river banks and the hill side since I
was a boy, and has been a soui'ce of annoyance to the
farmers, for when it gets well rooted it is very dillicult
to eradicate. Although it grows all around "my liives
and lias been blossoming for a week I never" saw a
bee light on a flower. This docs not in the least re-
semble any of the sorts of clover I am familiar with,
and if it is really Alsike I am badly disappointed for I
■wish to grow a good bee pasturage.

The plaut sent is ^epata Glechorna, familiarly
known as Gill-over-the-frround. It belongs to
the Cat mint family, and the leaf bears quite a
resemblance to the catnip ; it bears a small
blue flower and forms a dense mat of vines,
and is truly a bad weed. The plant in m(3St
localities bears considerable honey and several
specimens have been sent us of late stating
that the bees were getting honey from it in
considerable quantities. In your case friend
C, your clover seed was probably old, like
much of that in the market, and failing to ger-
minate the vine came up in its stead. As an
illustration of its hardiness we might mention
that in our boyhood days, our father oflered
one of "us boys'" a horse, if we would get the
weed out of the garden — "mother" had intro-
duced it with a lot of other "posies" some
years before, she admired it on account of the
pretty little blue flower Brother never got
the horse.

Very early this spring 1 sowed some catnip seed
from 'llicc, of Seville, but not a seed germinatetl. I
sent also to Indiana, for cuttings of basswood but none
of them grew.

In regard to the catnip seed, Mr. Rice has
informed us, that much to his astonishment,
he has not succeeded in getting the seed to
grow, and that he will cheerfully refund the
money in all cases of like failure.

I regi-et I could not have had the June No. a week
earlier, for I might have saved the other t of the 5
Queen cells formed in one of my hives. I tried Kretch-
mer's Queen cell j)rotectors, but they all proved fail-
ures in my case.

Ben S. Cole, Tiltonville, Ohio.

We have no faith that any thing can be made
practicable for protecting the cell when al-
lowed to remain among the bees. The plan
given in the June No., we think much the sa-
fest for beginners.

GF:NTS:-I thought r would write you that I had
the lirst natural swarin from my bees on May the •24th.
Ic is a pure Italian. Many of my stocks lia'd become
very weak but they are increasing very fast now. I
never before had as many Queenless and drone layer
stocks, as I have had this si>ring. Lost up to 78 colo-
nie-5 during winter and spring^ Bees on an average
are stronger now than they were a year ago. The
hives are full of brood and will turn out lots of swarms
in from '2 to 4 weeks.

AU.4.JI GiiiMM, Jefferson, Wis. May 28th, 1875.

Seventy -eight lost in 1158 would be at the
rate of about seven per cent, which we call
very fair for so large an Apiary. It seems to
give us unfortunate ones courage, to hear that
even Adani Grimm, too, has the "modern"
"dwindling down," spring troubles to contend
With.

I have 44 good colonies of bees from 47 last fall.
11. 1'Ai.MEit, iLu-t, Oceana Co., Mich. May '24, '75.

PEAR XOVrciO:— I've got the "Medley" and what
a nuiltitudc of rellections the array of faces brinijs up,
liow diiVerent they look fi-om what our imaginiitions
liad pictured them, how odd and dlsaiipointcd one
i'ocli to be thinking all this time ttiat perhaps we

mifiht be the best looking man in the Medley, and
then to lind that there are about 150 belter looking
ones. I might jjossibly except the gentleman up in
the left hand corner, but then I had rather some one
else would be the judge, but it is only half finished
now. Why did jou not get them all on ? Where are
Bidwell, and Alley, and Shaw, and Van Deusen, and
Hoagland, and Dadant Senior ? (By the way last lall I
received an imported Queen from Dadant, she lays
drones in worker cells. I informed Mr. Dadant of that
fact and no sooner had he got wind of it, than right
along came another Queen to replace her, why don't
all bee men do so? if you want to be sure of vour
Queens, buj' of Dadant.) And then where are King
(but then I have Homer's uicture, took it when he was
here years ago selling tne hive that gave so much
trouble), and Winder, and Kidder, and Benedict, and
Brother Flanders, "W. A. Flanders A. M" that used to
make things so lively for us at the State fairs ? Some
8 or 10 years ago he was at State fair at Harrisburg
with his hat full of bees, one stung him on the head.
I pulled the sting out for him and at his request
rubbed oil some extract of "Quinbee," he said it was
good, and straightway sold a dozen botttles ; as a ben-
efactor, lie should have put in an appearance certainly.
Theod. M. Moi/rz, West Fairview, Pa. June 9, '75.

We should have been very glad to have in-
cluded the pictures of those you have mention-
ed friend M., but they woi»ld not send them.
We appealed to them for a period of over six
months, and that we might not be accused of
partiality, declared our intention of including
every one sent us.

Speaking of Flander's Bee Charm reminds
us an account Mr. L. gave of one Twining,
who came to him to communicate that he had
made the grand discovery that Queen bees put
into Anise, etc., would communicate their
"taint" to the liquid in such a way as to allow
bees. Queens etc., to be handled with impunity
when the Angers were moistened with it. Mr.
L., knowing from experience how bees will
gather about any spot where a Queen has been,
gave the matter a trial, and behold, as Twining
said, hives could be opened without smoke,
Queens let loose any where, and two Queens
were even "swapped" from one hive to the oth-
er, and yet both kept right along laying as if
nothing had happened. Straightway the won-
derful discovery was communicated to Dr.
Kirtland, who was so incredulous, that he de-
sired Twining to make a trial of it on some
vicious hybrids. Twining full of faith pries
up the honey board and gives them a pufl" of
his Anise prepared breath, but to his great as-
tonishment the "charm" was broken, and the
hybrids stung him unmercifully. Another at-
tempt was made with Queens, but they were
killed "instanter," and the great revolution fell
to the ground with all except the unscrupulous
Flanders who continued to peddle his bottles
of "bee charm" as long as he could tiud "a fool
with money" or begging pardon, perhaps we
should say until the American Bee. Journal shed
its civilizing influence over "bcc-dom."

Moral. — During the height of the clover or
linden harvest you can often unite colonies,
exchange and introduce Queens, without any
caging whatever, and with scarcely a failure ;
in fact there are times, when it seems as if
whole Apiaries forget to take any notice what-
ever, of strange Queens or strange bees, in
their infatuation to accumulate the treasures
flowing so bountifully from the blossoms.
When Queens are not of much value we often
let them loose at once on a comb of bees, being
ready to rescue them the very instant they
seem in danger. If you have smoke handy
there is but little risk.

-'I D VER TJSEFS ' DEPARTMENT,

CLXJUBIIVG IL.IIST.

We will send Gi<EANixt;s—

Willi The Aiiu'ricaii Hee Journal ($2.00)

•• The I'.ic Keeper's Ma!j;a/.iue ( l.oO)

*• The Bee Worlil " (2.0(1;

" All three. The Bee Journals of America.. .

" American .VurieuUlirist (Sl.CO)

" I'rairie Karnier tt"2.1-'>)

" Rural New Yorker (S-.'..')ii)

" Scientilie American (S.5.1."))

" Fruit lleconler ami Cottap;c Gardener (jfl.OO)
[Above ratts inclmlc <tU Postage.

.$i.W

.:5.(>.')
.1.50

■•]

Books for Bee-Keepers.

SENT postiiaiil on rccei]it ofprice.

IvanL^strotli on the Hive ami Honey Bee S-2.00

()uinliv"s Mvsleries of Bee Keeping 1-50

IJee Keeper's Text Book, muslin, ".'»

" " " " paper, M

Good Books.

These, though not specially designed for Bee-
keepers, have a tendency to inculcate pi-inci-
ples that ensure success in bee-keeping as well
as almost all other rural pursuits.

The first on the list sliould be in the hands
of every one who has planted grape vines to
shade the hives, as we have advised.

Any of these books will be forwarded by mail, post-
p«/rf." on receipt of ])rice.

Fuller's Grape Culturist Sl.50

Fuller's Small Fruit Culturist 1.50

Fuller's Strawberry Culturist 1-20

Fuller's Forest Tree Culturist 1.50

Henderson's Gardening for Profit 1.50

Henderson's Practical Floriculture 1.50

Tim Bunker Papers 1.50

Ten Acres Enough 1.25

Roosevelt's Five Acres too Much 1..50

Art of Saw Filing (Holly) 75

Window Gardening 1-50

Leuohar's Howto build Hot-Houses 1.50

Play and Profit in my Garden. Rev. E. P. Roe..l..50

Waring's Draining for Profit and Health 1..50

Onion Culture 20

Purdy's Small Fruit Instructor 25

Averill diemical DPaint-

THE OAV.r RELIABLE.
THE ^rOST BEAl'TIFUL.
THE MOST ECONOMICAL.
THE MOST DURABLE.

Requires no oil thinner or drier.
Requires no waste of time in mixing,
Has stood eight years' criticisms
With yearly increased popularity
And yearly increased sales.
Is sold by the gallon only, in packages of from 1 to
40 gallons "each, in Purest White and any Color or
Tint desired.
Address, for sample car<l of colors and price list,

A^^erill Clienxical I»a.int Co.,
Office and Factory 13-2 & 134 East River Street,

CLEVELAND, OHIO. 6-6-'76

ITAI^IAIV BEES.

ITALIAN QUEENS bred from imported mothers—
a month earlier than in the North. Purity and
safe arrival guai*anteed. Also full colonies of Italians
in Langstroth hives for sale at Slo.OO per colony.
Address Dr. J. P. H. BROWN, Augusta, Ga.

C Ij XT B RATES on 175 Papers. Send for
C I^ XJ B List including Agents' Rates on
B O O "K. S-S bv mail post - paid— 400 ir. List—
B O O Kl S BixGH-iiMS' Agencv, Sparta, Wis.

12t9p

I will send you a ring or small chromo
free, for the names and addresses of
twelve active boys or girls from six dif-
ferent postoftices, who do not now take
the Gem. Address John A. Clark,
Wadsworth, Ohio. 7-8

C% r^ FINK SCKOJLL, PICTIRKS, i

^ 'J closing vour name in Piunt on ;i nit

each one en-
ice VISITING
CARD, lor 30 cents. Three varieties. Samples 3 cts.
A. SNOW, Blakesburg, Iowa.

Names of res|)onsible iiarti<'s will be inserteil In
either of the following departments, at a uniform
price of 10c. each insertion, or ^\.m jier vear.

Names inserted in this department the first time
without charge.

Those whose names ajipear below, agree to fnrnlsli
Italian Queens the coming season forsl.oo each, un-
der the following conditions; No guarantee is to be
assiuned of ))urity, safe delivery or anv thing of the
kind, only that the Queen be reared iVom a choice,
pui-e mother. Tht^y also agree to return the money at
anytime when customers become impatient of such
delay as may be unavoidable.

Bear in n'lind that he who sends the best Queens,
put u)) neatest and most securely, will ])robably re-
ceive the most orders. Special rales for warranted
and tested (iueens, furnished on application to any of
the parties. Names with *, use an Imported Queen
mother. li wanted by mail, send 10c. extra.

G. AV. Dean, River Styx. Medina Co., Ohio.

* J. Oatman & Co., Dundee, Ills. 312
*[>r. .J. P. H. Brown, Augusta, Georgia.

*M. E. McMaster. Shelbyville, Missouri. 2tl

*Eli Coble, Cornersville. Marshall Co., Tenn. 2tl

* J. M. C. Taylor, Lewistowu, Frederick Co., IMd. 4-it
*C. Gould & Co.. Onargo, Irociuois Co., 111. 4-(i
A. J. Weidner. Bigler, Adams Co., Pa. 5-10
*E. W. Hale, Wirt C. H., West Va. Mi
*T. G. McGaw, Monmouth, Ills.

.1. H. Nellis, Canajoharie, N. Y. 6-«

*H. Nesbit, Cynthiana, Ky.

*S. F. Newman, Norwalk, O. 7

warrant my Queens pure Italians, and guara7i-
tee their arrival by mail, 800 miles for just one dollar.
Get my circular. J. H. Nellis, Canajoharie, N. Y. 7p

Who agree to make such hives, and at the prices
named, as those describeil on our circular.

Geo. T. Wheeler, Mexico, N. Y.

Wm. D. Zell, Lancaster, Pa. 6-11

J. H. Martin, Hartford, N. Y. Hives Sl.OO to $:{.50.
Frames $;i.00 per lOti. Supports for 100 frames 50 cents.
Sani})le frame by mail 10 cts.

THIRTEEN years experieuce in propagating
Italian Bees. Queens will be bred direct from
Imported Mothers and w.arranted pure and fertile.
Send for my circulai-. Wm. W. CARY,

Itf Colerain, Franklin Co.. Mass.

I'WIL.L. SEL.L. 100 colonies of Pure Italian Bees
for SU.OO per colony if taken at my Apiary this
summer. I will be to no expense packing, &c^ Ad-
dress F. M. ROOP,
7 Carson City, Mich.

E shall have from '20 to 25 tested Queens for sale
by the 20th of July, at S3.00 each. Address
J. SHAW & SON, Chatham Center, Ohio.

W

7d

You cannot look over the back No's of Gleanings
or any other Periodical with satisfaction, unless they
are in some kind of a Binder. Who has not said—
"Dear me what a bother — I must have last
month's Journal .and it's no where to be found." Put
each No. in the Emerson Binder as soon as it comes
and you can sit flown happy, any time you wish to find
any thing you may have previously seen even though
it wei-e months ago.

Binders lor (Jleanings (will hold them for four
vears) gilt lettered, free bv mail for .50. 60, and 75c, ac-
cording to quality. For table of prices of Binders for
any Periodi(;al, see Oct. No.. Vol. 2. Send in your
orders. A. I. ROOT, Medina, O.

ABVijJETISEIlS' nEPAEmTEJSTT.

MUTH'S ADVERTISEMENT.

HONEY JARS.

One pound (sciiiare) Jars, per gross, Sfi.50

Two " '"• " " 8.50

One " " " Flint glass per gross 9.00

Two "• " " •' " " *' 11.00

Corks for 1 .anil 2 lb. jars "5

Tin Foil Caps, per gross 1.'20

Labels, " " 75

A thousand labels address printed to order 5.00

One (It. fruit jars. Mason's patent, per gross 18.00

J^abels for same, " *' 65

A thousand labels address printed to order 4.25

IJnc-aiiping Knives, as goml as any, each 50

" " per doz 4.50

Alsike Clover Seed, per bushel 15.00

" *♦ " peck 4.00

" " " *' pound 35

3L.ATVG©TItOTII 131233 III VE:S,

Straw Mats, Bee Veils etc., at reasonable rates.

For further particulars. Address,
Hf CHAS, F. MUTH, Cincinnati, Ohio.

APIARIAN SUPPLIES !

QEND TO COLIjEGE APIARY for Beautiful

k_J Queens. Circulars free.

*tf FRANK BENTON, Knoxville, Tenn.

Q K VISITING CARDS with your name printed
Zj fJ thereon, for 15 cents. Address

W. W. ADAMS, Medina, Ohio.

Tlic Bee -Keeper s'
Mag'a.zine, edited by
A. J. King, the only 1l-

I. U S T K A T E L> MAGAZINE

treating of B c e - C u 1 1 u r e
I'm the United States. 32
])ages. Terms, Sl.25 a year
with a p r e s e n t. Tlic 64
))age specimen n u m I) e r,
with beautiful life-like
chromo of Italian bees and
. ney plants (price 50 cents), sent free with the Mag-
azine five months for 50 cents. Agents wanted. Ad-
dress KING & SISSON, Pul)lishers,

61 Hudson Street, N. Y.

UR Bee .Journal of the Southern States. Issued
iithly at $2.00 per vear. Sample copies free.

Address A. 'F. MOON & Co. Rome, Georgia.

Every Bee-Keeper ehould

1 subscribe for this Montlily.

It is the oldest and best

scientific and practical
Journal of Apiculture in
the World. The most suc-

I cessful and experienced

Apiarians in this country
and Europe contribute to its pages. Terms, $2.00

a year in advance.
Copy. Address,

Send a Stamp for a Sample

THOMAS G. NEWMAN,

Cedar Rapids, Iowa.

IMPORTED BEES.

Having sold all the Imported Queens that we have-
wintered during the past winter,' we have eoncludeiS
to continue the lm)>ortatV)o on. a larger scale tharis
ever before.

We will receive Italian Bees from Italy t>vlc« a.
iiioiithi during tlae smiiiiier.

These Queens will l>e ijiserted in our hives and
shipped to our customers as soon, as they have surtic--
ieutly rested from tlie fatigues of the joUrney fron\
Europe.

Price. One Queen : SlO.OO

Two Queens ►-, 18.0d

Remember that we are

Tlae only I'egiilar Inxporters of

ITALIAN BEES IN THIS COUNTRY,

and that our t^iieens ax*o

ALL YOUNG AND SELECTED.

For particulars address Ch. DADANT & SON^

Hamilton, Hancock Co.. Ills.

Queens and Nuclei from an

Ready to ship by June 20th. I'rice of tested Queens.
83.00; warranted ;f2.oo. Nuclei with tested Queen-
two Langstroth fvai5\e& with plenty of brood and bees»
S6 00 each or S25.00 for five.
6tf E, C. BLAKESLEE, Medina, O.

IT-A.LI.A-1^T <SiTJEElSTS

FROM THE HAMLIN APIARY.

Safe arrival and Purity guaranteeil. One tested
Queen in May $4.00, live for Sis.ot). Fifty cts. less, pe:T
Queen, in each succeeding month during tlie season.

Cut Lumber for a 16 frame langstroth hive. Prices
on application.
5-7 BARN UM & PEYTON, Edgefield Junction, Tenn.

ARTIFICIAL COMB.

I will furnish sheets, wax comb foundation, 6x12 inch-
es, sixteen for 82.50, per express.

Address, FRED WEISS,
4-7 Care of W. B. Cobb, Box 238S). N. Y. City.

No Black Bees to interfere with pure fertilization.
Unwarranted (Queens Sl.oa. Warranted S3.00. Bred
from daughters of imported or home bred Queens.
Full Colonies Italian Bees 813.00, Address
3t8p J. OATMAN & CO., Dundee, Kane Co., Ills.

SEEDS AND BULBS^

ILIvUSTRATED SPRING CATALOGUE FOR 1875
NOW READY,
sent with a specimen of The American Garden,

a new Illustrated Journal of Garilen Art, edited hy
James Hogg, on receipt of ten cents.

BEACH, SON & CO., Seedsmen,
3tfx 76 Fulton St., Brooklyn, N. Y.

/ 1 LEANINGS, for one year, will be sent, with
VT Quinby's new Smoker, by mail, for §2.00. Send
to M. QUINBY, St. Johnsville, N. Y., for price list
of supplies. •'-'^

One Copy One Year 75 Cents, or with Lithogrupii of Apiarv, size 12x10, Mailed Free, Postpaid, Sl.OU, or Litho-
graplx will be sent as a Premium for Two Subscribers at 75 cents each.
Any person obtaining Three Subscribers at 75 Cents each, may retain 25 Cents for their trouble.
•' " Five " " " " 75 " "

ii U rpg^ .. 11 „ » 2.50 " "

Any number above Ten will be sent at the rate of Fifty Cents each.

Names may be sent at any time during the year, and whenever a club is reached, we will credit
back the amount previously sent us in excess of Uw ('lub Rates. In this wav anv of tlio

Articles Mentioned on our PRICE LIST may be Secured as PREMIUMS.

Please mention when names are intended for Clubs. An acknowledgment will be seat in all cases
on receipt of money— for any purpose whatever— by return mail. Volumes I, & II, may be counted on
tl«e same terms, as we have a

Large Supply of BACK NUMBERS Provided for new Beginners !

Am wo cannot ttikc the si)aec in future numbers to go over the same grouml again, and Volume One
contains the entire Fiiiulanu'iit;il Principles and

Grrorxncl ^V%"oi*li t"oi* Htartinar an JLpiarj^.

or how to Realize the Most Money with the Smallest Expenditure of Capital
and Labor in the Care of Bees, Rationally Considered.

i»XJBii.i«irii:r> m:o]vtiiil.y, at MJErbiNXToiiio,
B^y- A. I. KOOT.

W<&1^ lA

.AlQ'.^Tllsl-.^', ISf'0®

In the Pi'cparation of this Journal the following arc the Principal Periodicalu Confuted :

JL3Cli®S?i'^ilXi. 15^<^'©> i%r(0111?smil® Clarice, and Mrs. Txqyper.

^ e '©■ r- 'W-M '€? p '© ^ '^Wj If <a ^^mI .11.©® King.
^'Ig>>ie' ^F'OS*l''Clf A. F. Moon & Co.

\AU<i Botmd Vohimes of the former siiier 18f.(i. and File.'; oj all other Bee JownaJs that have been

Published in A/nerieo.']

COlVTElVTSs

Page.

(lni- O) vK.sition Air Castle 97

>ini|ili<-ity Hives for box honey 97

Oiir Liiulen Orclianl its

Simi>licitv Hives, Drones, Pollen, etc 98

Fertile Workers Again 99

Blasted Hojies 99

Our Own Apiarv 100

Our Hou^e Aiiiarv 101, 10-2

Introducing Queens just hatched 101. 102, 105

Kohbing 102

Workintc with Bees in the Xight : . .102

A u?tral ia 102

Sugar Versus Ilonev. Again 103

:\[oth Worm? in Australia \Oii

Ilonev ( 'ohimn 103

Paae.

How to Sell Honey loi

('arrving swarms lO'i

I.arv'aj for ( Jneens hy Mail U'-, 105

Another Hon.-e Ai)iary 100

Extraclinir Candied Honev 10i>

^nts, ■>,Vhat to do I'or (?) them 100

mus !*'■

Too Much I'oll.n

Straight Comlis

Comb Guide- lor Box Honey

Italians tor Box Honey

Arlilicial Comb Foundations

Honev Dew

Grass" .M)ont Hives

Unsealed Immatui-e \Vorkcr Hroo<l 1U^

ADVKRTismiS' i)£:PAET2rir:rr.

A T^ n^ T K* T r^ T AT

HONEY COMB FOUNDATIONS

A GRAND SUCCESS.

MANUFACTURED

<> Iiic-lit's (or loss) ^^'Idc,

AticI 1 (> Indies (or lesw) loiijor*

C't-lls ono-Rixtet-iitlit Tnoli clc-e-p-

One Dollar per Pound.

JOHN LONG,

Bo-x 6, Station C, NEW YORK CITY.

Artificial Honey Comb Foundations.

I read in works on Bee (Julture, tfte faUowing :

"To form one poiinil of wax, twenty pounds of honey are required." — Uebuj.

"C'arel'ul rxi>enments prove that fvoin thirteen to twenty pounds of honey axvf reqim-eiT to iwafee <i smgle
pouml of wax. * * * Many bee-keepesr are unaware of the vahic of erai/Cy combs-; suppose lioiie^- to he-
worth only fifteen cents ))er pound, ami the comb wlien rendered into wax to be worth thirty cents, tlie apia.--
rian who melts a pound of comb loses L-sr^fely by the operation, even without estimating- the tinje bis l>ees have
consumed in building it. It should therefore be consideretT a first iwincijVie in bee cwltin'c never to n^elt gi>o(P.
ftombs. One pound of lieeswax might be made to store twentv poxmds of honey; aind the bee-4ceeper woubB
gain the diflerence iu vahie between one pound of wax, and tlbe honey which the bees^ ccusimiie in u'jakinj; ;»
pound of comh/''-- Latiffgtroth.

■'Wax is not gathered like honey, or pollen, or propolis. If Isees could gather it, it ATonld cost them less tham
it doea. They have to manufacture it at a very great expense to then7selves and their ovmers.'"—PPiti(p-eu:

"Wax is the most expensive article used by the bees. * * The time sjient in constructing the comib should
also be taken into accoinit, which if occupied in gathering honey, would a', this season of tlie year enable thena
to store much more, and making the cost of a pound of comb, equivalent to at least twenty-flre pounds of hon-
ey. This honey at twenty-five cents a pound, would give us six dollars and twenty-five cents, as the (X)st of a
pound ot comb, Goo.l combs melte<^ into wax and taken into market, migf/t bring fortjceuCs a ioun({. which
ileducted from the cost price, would show a loss of five dollars rtnd eighty-five cents on e^■ery jjound of w;tv
aold. These estimates show, that the bee-keepers (;anEC't afford to melt down any coinbs that cau be used to
advantage."— A'««(;-

Impressed with the importance of an Artificial Comb Foundation, I constructed a machine for
m-Aking them, samples oftchich I sent prominent apiarians with (he foll/nuing result.

Mii. John I^NG, I>ear f^ir:— I submitted your Artificial Comb Foundations to a practical test and found
them acceptable to the bees, and I think are destineil to entire succesvs. When the bees commence to build
their combs only very few cars work, and it is not until considerable pa-ogress has been made that they cau
unite their eflbrts. I'filled all my surplus boxes with vour foundations, having first bathed thenx with a "solu-
tion of honey and water ; the l?ees all went to work and the combs swelled out" as bv magic. Its success wili
depenfl on the iirice. Kesi^ectfuUy, Aakon Pennington, X. Y.

Mu. JoifN IjOno, Dear Sir: St. Johnsville, May I8th, 1875.

The experiments I have tried liave proveii a succ^oss; all that I anticipated. I liave satisfied m\-self that the
Foundation Comb will i)rove an acijnisition. \'our9, M. Quinisv.

Mk. John Long : Oheukv VAt^LEY, May ;in-, IbT;").

* * I am inclinc'l to a favorable opinion of j'our foundations, and shall watch the practical
test with gi'eat interest, for if it proves prarticali'le, \ shall consider it a great accpiisition to the bee business.

Very Truly Yours, J. E, Hethekington.

Mk. John I^>n<j : I>ES Moines, I«>wa,

I liave tested your J'oundation Combs, and am more than pleased witli the result: tliey are as perfect as
can be. Ki>lkn S. Tutpek.

30 QUEENS FOR $30.

Owing to the failure of the principal honey fiowers,
I have concluded to raise Queens, and will sell un-
tested Queens, raised fi'om Im)iorted Mothers, at $1
each, sent by mail. I will sell nuclei in full sized
hives containing nine frames, 10x17 inches, with three
combs of brood and bees and "dollar" i^Uieens for S()
each, delivered at Express ollice. Can be shipped
anv time and Ijuilt up in full colonies.
7-(til II. NESBIT, Cynlhiana, Ky.

THE BAY STATE APIARY!

WE have made the breeding of

A SPECIALTY for thk past FOURTEEN YE AKS.

All (Jueens sent bv mail.
PURITY & HAFE ARRIVAL GUARANTEED.
Wc breed from Impm-ted JMoiherS'.
One (iuoen tl.'25 or 814.00 per doz.
8 H. ALLEY, Wenliam, Essex Co., Mass.

IDE^VOTEHD E:x:CIL.TJSI"VElL."3r TO BEES .A-3SIID liOZSTE^Sr

voi.~lnr

AUGUST 1, 1875.

No. VIII.

OUR OPPOSITION "AIR CASTLE."

TKOIJAliLY liELOKGINd TO TIIK '20th riCNTtJKV.

^ppSjK EAK KDITORS:— 1 am i^crj/, very sorry to fell
• 1,^1 yonv *'air castle"' to Iho anMiin!, almost before
^~r you have trot it built, but T have devised some-
thin<r so far in advance of it, that I think you will
tender me a vote of thanks. Kelievina- that yon are
anxious for the point. I will proceed. First, you must
build a tnnk. (any where in your Apiavy. or there-
about), elevated "upon posts, or any suitable founda-
tbin; next you must use my new artificial comb.
Xow, as all which I am about toexftlain. is covered by
heavv letters patent. l)oth in this and other countries.
I will without fear ro on. My combs are built by the
liees up,6n comb foundations,'similar to tlie late Sam-
uel Wa.ffner's. only that I use fwo foundations for eacli
comb in tlie following manner. My foundations are
• if light sheet iron, (galvanized) and 'are placed V of an
inch apart, and closed all around, top, bottom, and
sides, so as to form a vacuum between them. Xow
ilie bees will build their ".sy??s" outward from each of
these foundations. I forgot to say that I have a fine
hole through the foundation at the back of eacli ".scK,"
also a X inch hole at the back end of each comb. I
also have an incli hole in the back end of each hive.
I now lay '■^r/ass^'' jiiiies just a little way under ground,
all in connection with a large one that runs to the top
of the aforesaid tank. Each of tlio underground 1
inch ]iipes enters from the lar;:'o tank pijie, to the
back end of each hive. You will now see that all I
have to do is to attach a force pnm]) to the tank end
of the large "r/rtss" pipe, an<l pump all the honey
from all the supers at once. I also have a 2 inch ])ipe
running from my elevated tank to each of our 14 gro-
cery stores, with a faucet at the grocery end of the
uipe. from which they draw the honey as they would
irom a barrel. The tank holds about 250 barrels, and
being elevated, the faucets at the grocery stores are
i'.lwavs full.

The above is substantially the same as my specifica-
tions. What I claim as my invention, and desire to
secure bv letters patent, is : First, the double comb
foundations, when used together, in the manuer, and
for the p'ariioses described.

Second : The hollow, or vacuum between the walls.
or comb foundations, in combination with the said
walls, or their equivalent, substantially in the manner,
and for anv or all the purposes set forllh.

Third: The elevated tank in combination with the
store-keener or his clerks, or their equivalent, for any
or all of the purjioses set forth.

I will here omit the succeeding claims, and give
vnnr readers the 21st and last claim which is: The
'•v/".s.s''' pipes T). D, R, K. N', V, and the rubber pipes
s. S, in combination with the hives. Queens, tank,
■j-roccry stores, and my iiired man who does the ])\un|)-
imr onthe tank, substantially in the manner, and for
an>- of the purposes 1 have or may, or any body else
ni:iv herein-after for all time to come set forth.

I will close by saying that I shall prosecute to the
tidiest extent of the law any person or persons who
make, use, "sffC or thhik. or cause his or their
ueic-hbor or neightiors to think of using, making, or
•Kt'll" -ing any body with mv invention.

J.^MES IlEDDON.

i )owagiac, Mich. July .")th, "5.

The above an-ansrcmciit is ccrttiinly perfect,
Avith the exception that our ffiend has made no
l)fovision for coilcctln.-i- tlie money that Avonhl
roil in, nnless he travels around "in the liot
sun" to these 14 irrocery stores, to collect it;
somethins? that a man of his i^ii^antic intellect

could not be expected to do. Had he not bet-
ter lay a second series of "sjass" pipes, and —
beg- pardon, it's ]y(tn/(c(t

SJMPI.ICITV IIIVKS FOR KdIX HONEY.

5nfp|I)IT01! (;LKANI>;(;S:-Our s)>ring opened
j8p|y|i very late here. I'.ees all wintered on summer
*—rr4} stands, and came through well. First swarm
Mav '2ti, full two weeks later than usual. I started
with 27 colonies, and have tranfferi'ed two into sim-
plicities, from box hives rotted througli. yet they are
good colonies. The hives must lie over" nine years
old. and I think one is 15 years old. I have had them
nearly 8 years, and they looked old when I bought
them. I have saved nine swarms, and made one nu-
cleus. I have two box hives in which boxes are near-
ly filled, and the bees are making comb outside of one
as large as a peck measure. All are collecting honey
rapidly.

I wish to make two suggestions, which I think will
im)n-()ve the Simplicity hive in working it for boxes.
One is to have one side of the second story swing on
a hinge at one end, or remain movable at both ends
and hooked fast. The other is to use the lower hives
exclusively for that, and either have permanent bot-
tom board's attached, or boartls esijecially for that
purpose. A cover once used for bottom "board can
hardly be desirable to use as a cover again, all gum-
med lip, and it costs more than a plain clamped bot-
tom board. The second story can be made lower
where one tier only of boxesis used. As it is, there
is no point of observation without lifting ofl' the
whole, and boxes must be watched. An 0])en side,
with four side glass boxes one can see. As boxes
must cover or nearly cover the frames, they wholly
fill up the space of second story. I would like tlib
oiiinion of one who makes comb honey in the Sim-
plicitj^ hives, as you do not I believe, Mr. Xovice.

J. W. PORTEU.

P. s.— I have made two lots of Simplicity hives; 1
have succeeded better with the last lot of 20, than
with the first 12, and now I can make them as well as
the best. 1 made the 20 in one day with dressed lum-
ber. Charlottsville, ^'a. June 17th, '75.

Wliile it is true that a bottotn board could
be made a little cheaper unlike the cover, you
would have the disadvantage of having an ex-
tra piece about ; for instance, in the Apiary,
you would frequently have extra covers, but
no bottoiu board, and vice versa. "When we
take into consideration, that a one story hive
is ample in size for ahnost iiii/c tiionths in the
year, and for new swarms generally all of the
first year, it seems too bad to encumber hives
the year round with all this extra rigging,
that is onlj^ needed during the surplus season.
If your upper and lower stories are uidike, j'ou
complicate the machinery of the Apiary, more
than any one would suppose until lie had
really tried it.

wily not. lift oft" the whole upper story tc in-
spect the boxes "r* ir you have made all tight
around the top of fratncs where the boxes rest,
you will have no bees in the Vv'ay and no pro-
polis; the single story witliout cover is very
light, and easier to remove, than to unhook a

(J.s

GLEANINGS m BEE CULTURE.

Auo.

movable side, cortahily. iij^aiu, the S. hive
could never 1)3 made strong, at a reasonable
expense, and have one side movable. Why
nos make th^ hives double width, as advised
in Vol. 1st, and put the brood in the middle,
and boxes on both sides and on top ? If we
were going to have box* honey, we would like
to give them boxes enough lo hold all they
mignt be able to store.

* 1^ EAlv NOVICE :— Here it is the last of June, and
Njjw) no honey to speali of yet. I have increased
^-g^ my uees, ('2) colonies), to :>u, antl sold 3 swarms.
N'o.v'coinos the problem ; my hives are full of Ijees,
urood anii h'jney^ but the honey is not yet ripe, and i
intend to lee it .-.-tay there until it is. Uut my bees
swarm, anil 1 can't liclp myself. What is the remedy ?
i I'Jmpty combs and a largcr liive.— Kd.] Last season
iioiidycoald bo taken almost as soon as gathered, and
was thi(!k and nica. This season, owing to warm
moist weather, it will not do to take until it is all seal-
ed. If there was any sale for bees liere I could make
a good thing r;tisiag bees, as tliis aUundant supply of
i.iiin lioney beats the "Jews" for brood rearing. I
sncceeLleil so well last year in preventing the swarm-
ing tever, that I thought it was now no trick at all;
but thin honey beats me. Tlie lioney after it is sealed,
is very thick, and Just etiual to any I ever saw.

By the way I have an idea which, if true, proves
ch'ones to be something more than the loafers they are
said to be; it is this: tne more drones there are in a
liive, the sooner the honey ripens ; this may be jjartly
owing to the extra heat, but cannot be altogether
that, a.s some hives that arc almost droneless have
twice as nianj' bees by measure, as some of the drone
.swarms, au'i their honey is longer ripening. 1 lind
liiac lUc more workers, the more iioney, but the more
drone comb ia the brood nest, the thicker the lioney;
tne honey all being the same number of days old. My
theoyjj is [hat the food fed to drone brood is composed
of the thin watery ],'aia s of the honey. We, (my broth-
er-in-law and myseifj, got your dollar hive and lifty
I'rames tliat we orilereU of "you, and he made four more
hives, and I have llUetl them with bees. 1 never see
them without wishing my hives were like them.
Your idea, that we put the frames together wrong,
and thus iuade the hive too long, won"t ilo, as it makes
out 1-lG inch ditferenee in the length of a frame,
wuecai.r tae corners are put on the sides lirst, or top,
wiiile that iiive was nearly if not ({uite .4 inch too
long, inside, and Che sample frame you sent would
fall off one r.ibbet if crowded on the other, and as I
umierscand the Simidicitj' hive, there should not be
more taan 1-iti inch end shake. Now I am about it, I
may as well sjiuak my mind. I don't go a cent on
your movabSe uotcom, two story, be\'oled bottom ar-
rangeaient. The tvvo s;ory principle is all right, but
1 want the bottom of my frames in the hive to be ?i;
inch from bottom board, and the top of hive to be >':i
inch above frame.s for convenience in tucking (juilt,
and when the upper sior_v is on, I want only ;„ inch
.space between tiers _of frames. I can have all ihese,
witli an upper story' made on purpose, and cannot
without; and /don't see any reason in your position,
rhat to make one hive serve as this extra story three
months in the year, you spoil it for anything else the
whole year. I could not be liired to use a hive with a
movable bottom board, and i think Langstroth en-
trance blocks the best entrance I ever saw. Now for
the other bideof the story. I am completely disabu-
sed of my old notions in regard to side o])ening, tack
infested hives. The Simplicity corners and rabbets
and frames hang just beautifully, and it is the easiest
hive to work witii I ever saw.

I cannot describe the hive we made out of your dol-
lar hive, but i got all my ideas from you in Glean-
ings, and tliaiik you a thousand times for them. If
Gljoanings was patented, 1 believe 1 would violate
my promise never to invest in another patent. You
are right in supposing that my bees stored lots of pol-
len last fall. This country has always been noted for
the large proportion of Liee bread in the combs of
wild bees, and tame ones that are brimstoned in the
fall. 1 have known instances where 10 lbs. of well
lilled combs from a bee tree strained only 15 lbs. of
honey, the rest being bee bread and wax. Thanking
you for your patience and attention, as tlie lecturers
.say, (if you have read thus far), 1 remain truly yours.
K. L. JoiNEU, Wyoming, Wis. June .ioth, 75.

Friend J., we not only read every thing you
send, but ofl en think best to give it to our read-
ers also. Wc felt a strong temptation to cross
out the part about that hive being rather long,
but if vfe had done it, we should feci that we
had not been quite honest.

The wood top to our saw table must have
"swelled" or something, for we discovered lo
our dismaj', one day, our hives were growing
rather long. It is all iixed now, and we don't
know what else to do, than to tell you all to
send in your bills for damages when we fail to
live up to our teachings.

By the way, on account of propolis that
sometimes accumulates, we prefer about fg ov
a little more end shake, l)ut no frame should
ever allow one end to slip down, by any means.
In regard to having upper and lovvcr stories
unlike, w^e can only say we feel sure that
you will eventually agree with us after you
have had several years' experience with both
kinds. They are only "Simplicity" by being
both exactly alike. After you have once tuck-
ed a (luilt down iu place, and allowed it to
remain a week or two, you will lind it can bi'
worked nicely even with only ^4 inch aljove
the frames. We really cannot yet decide which
kind of hive is going to be preferred, the two
story or doul)le width ; each has considerable
advantages over the other, and this season's
work strongly inclines us to the belief that
bees prefer to store their surplus directly over
the cluster. With the metal corners, it is easy
to make a two story hive that will allow the
upper story to be made a permanent tixture.
Such a hive would be beautiful for extracring,
but quite unwieldy to carry. With a movable
side, we could take out the lower combs inde-
pendently of the upper, and with a long ([uilt
to cover this side as well as the top, it could be
closed v/ithout killing bees. Some stitl" outside
cleats or l^races AvouTd be needed for an out-
door hive, but in our house Apiary, it all works
beautifully. Be thankful for tlie pollen.

OVU .l,lNI>K?f OIlCSIAiaB.

I

-MAGINE our astonishment and delight at

tinding Ju'd of our young basswoods quite
well laden with blossoms, as we passed thi'ough
them on the 11th of July, not so much as even
thinking of such a thing. The flrst one no-
ticed was not more than cue inch iu diameter,
and although it contained more than a hun-
dred lilossoms, not one of them was higher
than our head, in fact every leaf on the trte
could be easily reached bj' the hand. A still
more agreeable surprise awaited us, in finding
that these blossoms from trees that had been
cultivated, contained larger drops of honey in
the nectaries, than we have ever before seen in
any linden blossoms, and this in the face of the
fact that scarcely a trace of honey is to be
found this season in the blossoms of the trees
growing in the woods and fields about liere ;
iu fact it looks very much as if lindeu was a
failure this season, for it is now, July 13th, in
full bloom, and our suspended hive is uot
showing to exceed j.i lb. per day, and some
days not over one ounce. The young trees arc
making a line growth this season on account
of the very abundant rains, and if we are to
judge by these few, we shall soon have bios-

1875.

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

\1\)

soms enough so that we can erect on the prem-
ises one of onr liouse Apiaries, if the project is
a snccess.

This urove is located just about I'.j miles
from our present Apiary, and it has been a
problem to us ever since the year it was plant-
ed, (1872). how we mijjht best secure the honey.
At lirst we desiirned making our residence on
the 10'^ acres, but since the advent of Gi.k.vn-
INGS, and the various branches of business that
have sprung into existence in connection there-
witii, we could not possibly be so far from Our
depot and post-otlice. Do you not see tliat the
house Apiary is going to solve all these troub-
les? Such a building with its heavj/ double
doors, would be almost proof against burglars,
and it could be so located as to give the l)ees
the least amount of travel — by the way, if you
think this an unimportant item, you should
just view the ragged wings of those faithful
little "sons of toil" as they heap themselves up
in front of the hives, at the approach of a thun-
der storm, worn by being obliged to go from
town into the country and back again loaded —
•and yet to have all our implements ready for
work whenever we chose to pa.y them a visit.

Last season we had the ground spaded up
around each tree, but this season the trees
have until now been allowed to go their own
way ; at present we are having the grass and
weeds mown down, to be piled as mulch around
their stems, for the twofold purpose of keep-
ing down weeds and grass, and preventing the
heavy growth of the suckers that persist in
starting up. If trees under cultivation are
going to bear honey at the rate the few blos-
soms mentioned seem to indicate, a honey farm
may not be so visionary a project after all, and
if the house Apiary does even as well as our
out-door Apiaries, thei'e would be no great ob-
stacle in the way of one person taking charge
of a dozen or more ; and they may be so loca-
ted, as to not interfere with each other, and yet
not too far distant from each other for a com-
foitable buggy ride. We have already among
our readers, those i)artially on the track.

FERTII.E XVOKKERS AGAIN.

i?rj^ G. K. Corbiu was in thi

_ . im in tlie same trouble that

i?rj^ G. K. Corbin was in the Julv No. of Gleanings,
4^: nnder the head of "Fertile Workers,'' but I have
not the remedy you described in that number. I have
one box and tliroe movable comb hives; my comb
hives dwindled down so last spring that I thoup:ht
they could not recover. Two of them are frettinfc
alons: as well as can be expected, Init the tliird in
comb hive has a fertile worker; as soon as I could
get a capped C^ueen cell I introduced one, the next
dav she came out, but her rei^n was short, for in four
days her corpse was brought out and rolled over-
board ; tlien Glkanings came to hand and I gave it
up. I had but one frame of brood to give them and
that 1 gave before Inserting the {}ueen cell. I cannot
diviile them into nuclei as tlicre are only enough bees
to make one ; if there is any remedy iu my case, please
aive in next Gi.kaninos.

W. L. HiKLiNGEii, (^oles Creek, I'a., July 15th, '75.

.Vbont dark lift out all the combs that bees
are clustered on as ([Uietly as you can, set
them in a new hive and carry it to a new loca-
tion, some rods away. Most of the bees will
go back to their old hive the next day and you
can give them some brood or a Queen cell
without any fear of trouble ; as the fertile
worker part becomes reduced, remove the
combs one at a time, without carrying back
the bees, until j'our colony has a new laying

Queen, then you may shake ofl'all Ihat remain
and restfjre all Ihe coii'.bs, for even should Ihis
troublesome worker go back, she would not
gain an entrance S(iniclin;< s iln y can becaughl
in the act of laying, and kiljid at once.

JBlsiwtc^d Moi>e)ii'.

MprTORS GLKANIN(;S;-I thought I would tell
I you of my seemingly bad hvk in the bee bnsi-
I ness, and ask if you" could give me, anv encoin--

agement. I am a new boginntM'. never saw tht; insi(l(!
of a hive, until this sitring. I imri-hased (iO little fam •
ilies ; all came through well, but a few were weak,
put them on the summer stand afler hauling them -JO
miles in last of April ; lost 1.'!, donblcil 2. Sent for ami
received the Gleanin(;s all right: studied hard and
went to work to strengthen the weak, (iooseberries
yielded lots of honey, and m\ l)ees got strong. The
last of ^Fay, I went to increasing. I (livided a tew. and
liad good luck and no trouble, but the new swarms
were; always the strongest. I did not want to increase,
but intended to try for box honey. Some writer says
Ihc only secret in obtaining large yields of honey is in
havingstrong stocks of bees, but does not tell how to
make'them strong. My neighbor told me to cut out
the (^)ueen cells, and in a little while the. hives would
he full. I did BO. and on the lliivd day after, three
swarms issued. The fourth day, four move came out.
I cut out every thing in the sh"ai)e of a (Jueen c(dl on
Friday, and to-i]a\-, Sunday, a swarm came oft" and
took, I should think, ninc-tentJis of the bees from th(^
hive. Canyon tell me how to have strong stocks-'
1 have become discouraged, for it is about time tor
linden blossoms, and have concluded to kill olTall ray
bees this fall, extract the honey, and sell the comb if
I can. There is so much of this adulterated stufl" in
the market that I do not think I can live on the pro-
i-eeds of CO or 70 stands of bee=, and it takes all my
time. I'lease tell me in your next whether it will pay,
or liow mucli it will pay'me to the hive, to kill otV aiid
extract. J. X. TiiosirsoN.

Sloan, Iowa. June 2Sth, 187.5.

Mow friend T., we may as well admit before
going farthei', that the jierusal of the above
has left us a "little riled." You say j^ou have
taken Gleakings and "studied hard," and yet
because some one told you that cutting out the
Queen cells ^vould prevent swarming, you rely
on that alone. You speak of the 60 ^little
families" in your opening remarks as if j'ou
really were liumane, and yet you conclude by
asking our advice about killing them all. No,
please don't kill the little fellows if we have
any influence at all in the matter, but sell them
at some price, and never engage in any occu-
pation hereafter, in witich you will be likely
to have charge of any of God's creatures. We
know you have heard of Extractors, because
you speak of using one, after the bees are kiUed,
but Vv'hy in the world not use it nowy If you
keep the honey out of the hives and give these
little emblems" of industry room, tlicy will very
rarely swarm. If you cannot sell your bees in
your own vicinity, you certainly can by adver-
tising them, andat excellent prices too, since
these times of grievous losses in wintering.

Friend T., if we were to happen along about
the time you were killing your "(iO little fam-
ilies," we verily believe we should pitch into
you with "hammer and tongs" or whatever
else might come handy. It is not possible that
you have no such intention, and are only play-
ing a sharp way to get a big advertisement,
(knowing our weakness), is itV At any rate
we have fallen into the trap, and if our read-
ers write, and yon then want a big price for
these bees, we will assuredly hear all about it.
On the other hand, if yon honestly wish to give
up the business, feeling you arc inadequate, we
will be glad to help you all we can.

too

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

Avo.

©rii O^y.^' AS'IAKV,

''ULY Gth. — Wc have to-day liuislied taking-
s' out 2 barrels of very choice clover honey ;
tlie yield has been so slow, that the combs are
capped trom top to l)ottom in both stories of
our very strong coionies. The Queens reared
last season from the imported stock, are almost
without exception, the mothers of powerful col-
onies, tilling 20 L. frames, so full that it really
seems as ii they could use another story.
"W'ith the gradual yield as we have it now, it
would be nothing strange if some stocks could
I'uruish new comos almost as fast as the honey
is gathered, and we were stung so badly yes-
tertlay, that we confess to having thought
seriously of box honey, but then came the
query, how are you going to get even comb
honey away from them':' To get 2 or ;J00 lbs. of
liouey away from the bees tliat stored it, must
he a laborious operation in any case it seems
to us, and we really know of no better way
than to have it stored in frames, and to get
the bees otf these frames, would be just equiv-
alent to getting them ott' as we do now. Sup-
pose for instance, you have taken from a hive
20 combs of nice sealed honey weighing o lbs.
each, making 100 lbs. of com)) honey that \Till
sell for $oO.OU. When we have got thus far, it
would be very much the easier way for us to
get this to market, to extract it and put it in a
l)arrel ; in this case we should get but J^lo.OO,
l)ut we would have the combs that would be
tilled again perhaps just as full in a week or
ten days. Another point comes iu; if a bee-
keeper keeps increasing his stock of surplus
combs each year, he will soon have more than
he can well use, for unless bees can have some
comb building to do, they do not seem to work
with the most desirable activity. Now in the
above estimate our combs would net us 7oc.
each or better, for 100 lbs. of comb honey as it
is usually sold would not yield 100 lbs. of ex-
tracted— perhaps from 75 to 1)0. Perhaps we
had better admit, that comb honey is of abet-
ter flavor than the extracted, as it is usually
sold, and the reason is, that scarcely any bee-
keeper will allow the combs to become capped
over as is the case with box honey. The honey
that we have just been extracting, is capped
over well enough, but Mrs. N. has had such a
task extracting, even with the help of an as-
sistant, that she entreats us not to let the bees
get ahead agasin, as they liave this time. With
a season liKe the present, if we were sure of
double the price for comb honey, we do not
know but it would pay best, but when the sud-
den rush of linden came, we should I'ely on
the E.xlractor.

AVc are more than ever convinced of the su-
])eriority of strong stocks for honey ; while our
weak ones gather no more than they consume,
our heavy ones make a good surplus, and our
■powevfuX colonies with their immense force of
workers get honey every day, and almost be-
fore we know it, have their entire 20 combs
tilled up solid. Giving a weak colony brood
from others, it i^ee^tiis to us, hardly answers the
same purpose. Tiie colonies that were strong
last fall, were strong this spring, and kept get-
ting stronger with every montli, until they
now send out, iLahnost seems, bushels of bees.

Jul^l \)(h — 'j'liree ))arrels and part of another

of the very llnest clover honey it has ever been
our lot to extract. The yield has been so grad-
ual, that we should get very little were it not
for our powcTful colonies ; without great care,
such as keeping quilts over exposed combs, we
should have robbing all the time.

About the most profitable "machinery" we
have ever tried, is a couple of boys about a
dozen years old. One, belonging to a neigh-
l)or, has taken a sudden and intense interest in
bees, and whenever a hive is opened nothing
will deter him from seeing all there is to be
seen of the curious doings insidt:-. We have
just been over the hives once, and he has ta-
ken nearly every comb as fast as we have sha-
ken antl brushed the bees otf, and carried them
into the bee house ; he also carries a bunch of
the asparagus tops, and by the time the
combs are handed to Mrs. N., scarcely a bee is
to be found lurking on them. Master Ernest
has become (juite expert with a shingle, in
keeping out robber bees, besides assisting his
mamma. It seems rather hard to strike down
a bee, yet when we reason that if no bee is al-
lowed to get home with a load oi stolen sweets,
ro])bing very soon ceases of itself. At such a
time as this, the two storj^ hives are very in-
convenient ; (we have got over the idea that a
single 10 comb hive might answer ; tor some
of our colonies have almost 10 entire combs of
brood, and these very ones, are the ones that
get honey "when there ain't any.") The only
way we get along is to carry ail the combs
from the upper story into the house, whether
they ail need extracting, or not ; then they
must be left there until the lower story is all
done, and the combs returned to it. About
this time both upper and lower stories are a
perfect mass of bees, and to get one on the toj)
of the other without crushing a bee, is consid-
erably like closing up a hive of tight tittiug
frames, only still worse. If we first lifted the
top story off and set it down, as we diil two
years ago, they would now g-^-t to robbing
"awful." With the Standard hive, there is no
pulling it to pieces at all ; we simply commenoc
at one ii\\i\, and put the coml)s back as fast as
emptied, and when about half way through, we
spread the quilt down close over the finished
end, and turn up the other end of it, and a rob-
ber is confronted at every point by bees not
too much demoralized to defend their stores.
The Standard hive is now falling behind some
of tlie two story hives, on account of their
croolved Queen being unable to deposit eggs as
fast as some of the others. There have been
fortunately no attempts at swarming, since the
one from the suspended colony, but upper sto-
ries were all that prevented it. Another
trouble with the upper stories; the bees will
persist in building combs between the upper
and lower story, no matter what the distance
may be ; with the Standard hive of course this
is all avoided.

This disposition gave us the idea of a novel
honey box, all of glass and tin, made especially
to suit the peculiarities of the Italians. When
we get them nicely tilled we v.'ill tell you more
about them.

July Hth — I'asswood is doing a little better,
but it is still far from being a fair yield ; about
ten days will l^e required at the present rate to
hi! 20 combs, when the comlis are already

f87S

<SLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

10)

Iniilt — strong stocks gathering j)er)iU2)s 2 or -i

ll)s. jxT (lay. jNow mind, they will Jiuvc ani;)lo
tunc to get itiill C'a])poiJ over, ;in<l our lioaey
■will 1k' extra ni<'e, even if it tf<tf,s take an extra
•force of suncappL-vs.

' ( )ur liouse Aiiiaiy i^ ne^irly reiidy for t2ie bees ;
5)iit iUi hive*i are to be ti'ied in the room ; there
are S siilcs to it, tacJi li feet ■\vi<le, ami 7 feet
iiigh, the east and west sides are occu2:)ied by
tiie large double doors mentioned, and theoth-
<'rs contain 'J hives eacli, S on the iioor, and y on
n 20 incia s.'ielf tJiree fenjt from the iioor. Noth-
;Jng but an end board separates one hive from its
aieighbor, and as we «iean to avail ourselves
/)f frieml DeaJi's idea, we sJiail have no front to
the hive excej)t the division board; the L. combs
running parallel to the wall. Tliese division
^)oards njce si.'uplj a shcM^t of glass lined with
iolded tin, allowing visitoi-s a fair chance to
see, and ailso enabling us to see when any
Queen needs another conib, without opening a
hive. Nothing but a <iuilt is needed ou top,
^uul this permits of closing the hive up to thre^',
tMo, or evon one comb with greater liacility
than eveji tiic Quinby liive, the gla,ss division
boards moving in their places very easily'.
Tile lamp nursery is to Ix' located in the cen-
tre of the room — in place of the extractor at
present unless honey should come — and we
can tlispose of Queens as fast as hatched to
the ditifereut hives with great liicility. A
Queen register is placed ou the wall just over
each hive, and no numbering is neexled, for
<me can forget the locality no more than the
bees do. For instance, if we wish to send any
one to any hive in tiie house, we have only to
say "middle upper hive on north-east side," or
"lower left hand on south-west side." We shall
start cells for the whole ^!() to-morrow, and im-
less Ave are a bungler, each hive should have a
Queen by Aug. 1st,

Ji/li/ 28(7t— Fifteen colonies are rejoicing in
the house Apiary, and more are being made
as fast as a Queen is found hatched or hatch-
ing in tlie lamp nursery. They have all been
introduced by letting them loose at once, some-
times at the entrance, and sometimes, espec-
ially if they are found after dark, by simply
raising a corner of the <]uilt and letting them
crawl iu ; sometimes a l)ee starts forivard as if
to attack, but invariably, after pulling them a
little an(l looking them over, seems to say,
"Why you poor young thing, i^o<>/ are not worth
noticing;" and the "young thing" never having
seen a bee before, crawls up the bees with the
same confidence with which a nev.'ly hatched
chicken cuddles up under your hand, Avhile a
Queen 4H hours old will run and peep, and get
killed in a minute.

The two first hatched, (on the 20th) are now
laying, and although we have taken no pains
at all to make the entrances unlike, eitlier by
paint or otherwise, no confusion has I'esulted
at all. We took particular !)ains to see a
Queen take her flight, and think there is not
the least danger. .She took a look into the en-
trances on either side, it is true, and then
seemed to say, "This is not my house, nor this
one, but tAus one is" as she glided into lier own
3 inch auger hole; <re like them vastly, not
withstanding some of our friends ridiculed
the idea of 2 inch entrances. The walls
are 4 inches thick, you will remember, I

and we worried about the bees having to crawl
this dist-ince, but bless y<.i;, they sweep right
in, and alight with tlieiv huge loads of poilen
directly on tJie outside comb. The door stei)>
are 14x10, and just sloping enough to carrv <jtl"
the water. The interior, work.s so p-rfectly
that we will give you a diagram of cue hive. "
A ,

I

JG

\\u

Let A, A,
ing with its
inir paper ;

represent 4 inch wall of the buiid
■) <lead air spaces m.ide with liuild-
K, 2 inch entrance liole, J>, door-
step, C, shelf that liolds the hives, G, pane of
glass lOxLS, lined with tin, and made to hang-
on the rabbets like the frames .1. for a division
l)oard. H, I), is the quilt, made of duck, or
canvass, liP^ inches by 2(5: it not only cover.s
the top of the frames, but hangs down over the
glass division board, and exchules light. To
tivcilitate handling, a strip of tin 1 inch by l!)'.^
is folded over each end, one l)eiug crowdetl
down in the rabbets tight up to the wall, and
the other, lying on the shelf C. When wc
wish to open a hive this strip is lifteil until the
frames are uncovered, and then it is laid across
the nail I, this takes the quilt entirely out of
the way, and leaves it so all adhering bees are
sure to crawl right down into the hive again
instead of meandering about the room and
utensils. In a house like this the Quinby smo-
ker is (juite unnecessarj', in fact it is a nui-
sance ; a ball of candle wicking, and a box of
matches we rtnd all sufficient to make the bees
go back when the quilt is raised, and to drive
them away from the spot where we wish to
grasp a frame. When you are through with
smoke, wet your ringers and pinch the end of
your string. If you want more volume, double
or treble the wicking. We were astonished to
rind that bees are much quieter in a darkened
room, and our outnide doors when closed make
the room as dark as ink ; by closing them par-
tiallj', it is amusing to see bees that are inclined
to l)e cross, hustle out, or get l)ack into their
hives ; in fact we have them in every respect
completely under our thumb, in warm weather.
Very few bees leave a comb when handling it.
and those that do, go outside and rind their
own entrance, almost as (juickly as when the
hive is out of doors. In shaking the bees ofl"
the combs, they generally crawl back into the
hive at once, but we have had a few heavy
stocks start in a l)ody and march all over the
walls and ceiling, but if no other hive is open
thfey will almost as quickly go back again,
when tlie room is darkened. The glass tfivis-
ion boards hung in the rab))ets work beanti-
fully, for we have a two frame hiv^', or one for
11 frames in an instant, and so easily is it
moved, that we usually draw it back a little in
removing frames, thus having a side opening-
hive after all. The convenience of working in a
clean tidy room room, having all your imple-
ments always right at hand — and all your
hives too for that matter — being always free
fi'om the annoyance of robliers, is truly, only to
be appreciated by actual use. We have not
yet tested the room with the extractor — the

102

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

Aug.

Queen nursery occupyius: its position at pres-
ent— and we fear it will be somewliat annoy ini?
to shalie and brush off tlie bees in the usual
way, but so far as all other operations are con-
cerned, and the storing- of the honey, the mat-
ter is fully demonstrated to oar satisfaction
already.

Our plan of nnikins; colonies has been to car-
ry in all the frames of an upper story, bees and
all — they usually contain some broo.l, as soon
as a Queen is hatched ; these bees have so far
protected them-<olves from robbers at once, with
one exception, and this upper story contained
no brood. As there were plenty of bees on the
Avell filled combs, we thou^jht it would not
matter, l)at found our mistake after nearly ev-
ery bee had started for his old home with as
biii: a load as he could carry, and the robbers
very quickly volunteered to help. AVe prompt-
ly gave them a comb of brood and stopped the
mischief, but not before the robbers had g-ot
3o well ai2;oin:>- that they pounced on, and over-
powered by sheer force of numbers, four more
colonies in the house Apiary. \Ve had no
choice but to close the enti'ances, and th^i
open them just at dark to let the robbers go
home, hoping they would all get ready to keep
down such attacks ))efore morning. We tho't
it best to get up next morning before 5 o'clock
— so did the robbers. What was to be done V
Our young Queens could not come out with
their door ways "corked np." We sat on a hive
and debated ; then looked up the thievish col-
ony— -au easy matter on account of their exci-
ted and crazy activity — while the rest were all
still. A minute more and their hive was in
the house Apiary, and one containing empty
combs only, in its place; all the entrances
were then opened, and the robbers poured in
and got their "till," and then fairly made the
gravel fly behind them, in their haste to get
liome and get another. Of course we were
right at the entrance, and such astonishment,
and lamentatations as they set uj), when they
l)acked out and took wing, and tried it again !
Their ambition' was completely crushed, and
after every robber had got om load we had
peace and quietness. What Avas the use to put
their precious load in empty combs, with nei-
ther a Queen nor brood ? They are now humb-
ly bringing pollen to rear a fresh lot of Queen
cells, from some eggs we have given them.
Another colony persisted in hanging out in
front and would not work ; we took all their
upper story oil', but then they hung out ; we
Anally took all their brood away^ and now
they get up in the morning and go after pollen
like the rest. We can't have any aristocrats
in our Apiary; if it is necessary to make "poor
folks" of them to make them go to work, then
poor they must be made. Strong colonies are*
still storing a little honey, perhaps ^.^ lb. per
day. Brood and Queen rearing work" beauti-
fully, and but little care is needed to avoid
robbing.

Jul/j -ZMh—Tiuslve IJueeus have liat.chcil since ves-
terday, and our house will soon be full; three Queens
AVcre found at one time running about, but they sel-
dom hurt oaoh other where no bees arc with them.
Occasionally they bite oijcn the unhatclied cells, but
this does no injury unless they pull oft' a les or wing;
many of them thus mature In full view. One cell that
was ])ut in unsealed bids fair to produce a perfect
(Jiiecn; the cell is now capped with the coccoon of
her own spinning. We certainly never before saw so
many very large, long yellow Queens, ami the hi^h

temperature (100') mu=5t be very favorable to their per-
fect development. With a house Apiarv, like our
own, and a lamp nursery, there is certainly a mint of
money to bo maile in reaviui; Queens at SI. 00 each.

Jult/ ■)0(h~The whole .^S hives are filled witli bees-
all but one have Queens, and all is peaceful. Th<-
trouble came about in this way: it rained vesterdav
morning, but the Queens luo'uld hatch. When the
rain was over we made colonies as usual liy removing
upper stories, bees and all. Now our first S. liives
were made with K inch space for quilt aljove the
frames; when made two story v.'e have nearly Di
Inches, which the bees are sure to fill with comb.
[This is a very bail fault, and we have since learned
that a quilt can be worked very conveniently with
only V inch above the frames.] Well, as it was after
the rain, robbers commenced work, and the honey
that was set a running by the breakage of this comb,
became so demoralizing that we feared our house
Apiary would be a wreck, before night shed its wel-
come jireseiice over the scene of warfare. We con-
tracteil the "-2 inch holes," and ceased operations even
if the Queens did keep hatching; and a long breath of
relief we drew, when darkness came, for the wounded
and ilying lay all around tlie .s/x sides of our "octagon."
Two more colonies were fixed for Queens between
dusk and dark, and then what was to be done with
o\ir pile of (5 aged Queens? "Faint heart, etc.,"' we
got Mrs. X\s best lamp, oi)ened wide both doors, put
in trim order our Qninby smoker— nothing else would
ever have answered then, and by 10 o'clock we had.
made strong colonies for the remaining S hives, hunt-
ed Queens, looked up combs containing eggs and
brood for each colonv, and in short did just what we
wanted to do, mentally putting our thumb to our nose
at the robbers, at the door wavs of their hives, as we
liassed them with the lamp. Very few bees flew about
the light when we kept it pretty well elevated, but
It require? a free use of smoke. Didn't we come out
ahead of adverse circumstances?

P. S.— Tliat you nvAj know "'we too" '-have troubles,"
we will remark that nearly every frame in the house
Apiary had to have the arms of the metal corners
clii)pcd with a jiair of pruning shears and then
straightened with plyers, just because in our firit ex-
])eriments, we could not foresee that the supporting
arms should be not to exceed % instead of 's of an inch ;
this all had to be done in the night, and was perhaps
the sorest trial of patience, both to ourselves, as veell
as to the "hybrids." The fuU bloods took it quite phil-
osaiihically,"and showed little disposition to flutter
about the lamp. Not one of the .35 Queens was mo-
Icsfnl in introilucinri.

Gle_anings^in_^e Culture,

PMbHisSsed IHonthlv*

-A._ I- I?,OOX-
EDITOR AND PROPRIETOR

MEDINA, OHIO

[Inchidinri Poslaae.]
For Club Rates see Last Paqe.

js^EDiisrA., .A:-cra-. 1, ists.

But seek ye lirst the kingdom of God, and his right-
eousness; and all these things shall be added unto
you. Matthew vi, :13.

Editorials all crowded out.

Bee World is sent to our subscribers for only $1..50.

Huoo!) by mail for Queen rearing, is proving re-
markably successful this season.

We have just commenced to send out our Extract-
ors made after the new model. If vou want your
frames to hang in them the same as they do in' the
hive, be sure and give width of frame 'iu»t under the
top bar. If made for a frame 1?,% wide, ami only ll>4
deep, price $a00; all other dimensions flO.Oi'. We can
now prepay express charges and secure low rates;
tell us where you live and we will tell you how much.

»— « — •_ _

AUSTRAI^IA.

^]j1?%^E.VIl NC»VICE : -I liave to say that 95 out of ev-
il'Jy) '-'■^y ^'"^ stocks have been overtaken by the bee
^=^ moth ; and in less than twelve months, I don't
think there will be a single colony lei't in the country,
except my own. Now who do you think is blamed
for this wholesale destruction ? " Your humble friend.

'S7c

GLEANINGS IN BEE CVETCRE.

103

. '.uioli. Now thore is not one in the country that has ,
•v-oinevoten mo thsit 1 am Ihe ihm-pou that importPtl
thf'l.ijr l)ee moth." as thev call it, yet 1 am fully
aware that it is generalK- bellcveil that it v.ame in
(>uinbv"s bee box. ami no one <'oulil convince them
otherwise. l_'ertainlv nothinpc like them was ever
seen here j)revious to the arrival oC the hive from
• Jiiinbv. 1 (lid .ill tliat lav in niv jiower to have them
ilestrovei^ before tlie box'was taken to my place, but I
have no ilcnibt many (rt" them escai)v?(l. as the wive iiot-
tinjr was broken in" several places. 1 toM you what
was (lone with tlie hive, some thiie ajro, therefore it
is useless to repeat it. Tliey are just about six times
as larjrc as anv moth I ever saw in this country
l)efore; many of Hiem are larger than a drone bee.

I have seen hives overflowing with bees, and still
•(he moth has riddled every comi). ami dviven the liees
awav. I have seen more than athoui^and young bees
on a" single sheet of comix with the cai)s of the cells
all nibbled ofl", strusr^linc: to get o\it. but held fast in
the cells bv tlie Yuoth wonn. Every bee is imperfe<'t
J'.i some way, and often two or three small worms in
-every cell, bwt never less than one. No pen can dvs-
^;'ril)e the ravages of this miserable pest. The bee-
koeiiers of this country are discour;tged, and giving
■u|> in despair \vithout a single efl'ort. I have had my
->vork. for my bees andtovself have had toilight against
luillions of" them; manv hives having been sacked
within three miles of ritv Apiarv. I stimnl:ate<i my
bees to the highest pitch, with "out-door feeding; 1
liad nearly 2000 brood combs badly damaged. I took
tiiem frcjm the centre of the hive, and placed them
outside the brood nest. Kept my bees busy carrying
in sugar syrup for three wceks,"and every damaged
<-omb was beautifully re));'.ired, and filled with syruj).
It would liav« done" your eyes good, "old man."' to
•have seen those combs. My bees were greatly annoyetl
hy those little black scamps, (I meanthe native bees
of Queensland), tliey don^t sting, simjily because they
cannot-, tliey are lio larger than a sniall fly, but are |
womlerfully po-^s-erfu' in the jaws: in a light they are I
too much for the black bee, "they mount his back in
twos and threes, and he has to take to his legs to get
rid of Them. They never store any surplus; the hon-
ev is in cells in th"e form of small "globules, about the
size of a ix>yai cell. The i)ollen is stored altogether, as
It were, an"d the whole nest is coated over with a kind
■of pro])olis, resembling gutta-percha more than any-
thing else. I enclose a piece of brood comb, ami i)i-op- |
olis— now you have got all I-cau tell you about our i
natives.

I will talk to you a few minutes about the Ligurian
bees. 1 hope my Apiarian friends across the brook
have not shiiiped any as yet for me. but if they have,
^iiay the best of success "attend them. You will see
b\' the palmers I have sent you. that I am proiiiise'l
lielp by the Acclimatization Society, therefore if Bar-
iium Bro's & Co., have not despatched any bees for
me, jilease tell them to send them by the shi]i '-Mac-
gresor," sailing July I9th. I enclose a list of the ships
sailing from .San Francisco, will you publish it, and
tell any of the others that have riot shipped, to -send
by the same vessel. It will lessen the expenses, and
I would like yon to write "Bee Master" on all you
send me, they will then come as straight as an arrow.

How are you getting on with the dysentery, and
have you found a remedy yet? It is said by some of
the wiseacres that if bees could get out of •cheir hives
now ami then during the winter, to take a ]iurifying
i1ii:ht. they would not snfter from dysentery. ]^ow,
*-oiii syrupy," I would like some of ycii to tell me how
ii is that our bees sufl^er from the same com])laint ? I
lu'ver lost an entire colony by it, but I lost hundreds
and thonsands of bees by it once. It must be remem-
bered that Ijees are never confined to their hives in
sunny Queensland, not even for a single day. the year
round. Now I can safely say that it is inferior honey
that is the sole cause of it here ; two years ago I bo't
to cwt. of cheap honej% and fed every pound of it to
'.ny bees. In less than a week afterwards the ground
was covered with bees ; when I saw it, I thought of
the cause in a moment. I lost no time in getting my
'extractor in order, and straightway' tlirew out every
pound of honey the hives contained, and afterwards
gave them ten hundred pounds of sugar syrup, and
there was a change in the scene at once. Last May
m\- bees gathered freely from the tea tree, and the
honey producetl dysentery in every hive. I kept the
extractor going daily to keeii it down, but before the
blossoms were gone, one-lialf the bees were lost. I
believe that I have used more sugar during the last
live years than any other person ; and that too, with '
the greatest satisfaction. We raise sugar in this haj)-
py land; we have mills throughout the country, and
the kind I use, a good coffee sugar, costs a little less |
than 5 cts. per lb., and molasses 3 cts. per gallon. '

Novice, there is nothing that ever grew on the eavtli,
that can't grow here. By the time yo<i get this note
our winter will be upon us. If our Yankee friends
coxdd only take a iieep at us thev vvoulil envy us.
'Die weather is all th.al a man could desire, beautiful
Minnv days, soinetimes weeks without even seeing a
cloud, with a si)lendid bright h\\u- sky. The foliage ol
the trees is beautiful. AVe can do without otir coats
an<l vests during the da\-, but re«iuire them in the
evening, and enjoy a good log fire at night. Tlic bees
are in their slory, having plenty of work most of the
time. Novi('e, it is the finest, hajiplest, and richest
country on tlie face of the earth.
, AVithbcst ^\^sllcs for vour success. I remain vours
faithfully, .1. C.\kim)lt-, Mohawk Vallev, Knoggera,
(Juoensland, Ajjril, 'i.'Jrd, IS7.5.

We give below the paper referred to :

'I'lIK LIGURIAN I«EK.

Dr. AVaugh maile mention of the terrible ravages
among the hives of the common Knglish bee commit-
tc'l by a species of American moth recently, unfc.rtu-
iiately. imiiorted, and which devours the young bee in
the cell, causing; the most complete destructio\i ol ev-
ery hive into which it enters. He staled that hardly
a hive existed tVee from this moth in the direction oi
INIilton. while the secretary gave evidence that it had
reached at least three miles in the other direction
(Breaxfast Creek). Dr. Waugh brought the matter
forwarrl in the hope that the society might aid in the
importation of the Ligurian bee, which, it seems, is
able to cope with tliis moth. It was resolve<l that Ihe
society should give everv assistance in its iiov.er
towards so excellent an object, and that Dr. Waugh
should ascertain from Mr. Carroll what ster)s he had
taken towards introducing the Ligurian, so that the
society's help might be given in the most etfective
manner.

]\Ir. Carroll some time ago sent the money
to Mr. Quinby for a hive of bees, and an Ex-
tractor. Mr. Q. sent them, but was notified at
San Francisco that tliey would not take live
bees on board, so Mr. Carroll says, and Mr. Q.
did nothing further than to write Mr. C. for
further instructions. Meanwhile the bees
starved, and then of course the vessel would
recei\i? the hive, filled with the moth worm
that flourished in the 'warm climate of Califor-
nia. In the still more congenial clime of Aus-
tralia, they have developed into the pest
named above, and now the Itajiaus seem to be
tlie only hope. We give below the names and
dates of sailings.

Leaves San Francisco.
(.'yphrenes ...Jan. 30 ] Cvphrenes ...May -i-t
City of Meltune. Mar. 1 | Citv of Melbrne. June •:!
Macgregor ...Mar. 2!) I Ma"cgregor ...July in
Mikado ...April -26 I Mikado ...Aug.lt>

Mr. Carroll adds :

Tell all those that have not sent bees, toship them
by the "Macgregor." I had to name a vessel to the A.
society, in order that thev mav use all the inliuencie
they can for the safetv of" the 6ee.s. The agent of the
ships is a member.

?*Ir. C',s wholesale sugar experiment does
not surprise us in the least; those who are not
satislied can l^eep on experimenting, but as for
ourselves, we shall always sell the" honey, and
feed the bees on sugar.

^^UCH is still written about honey being

' ' a drug in the market, and about adulter-
ation having ruined the sale of it, etc., but we
are confident our friends are only borrowing
trouble. All the honey we have ever adver-
tised in this column has been, we believe, sold
at good prices, and the fact that none of our
readers have any for sale at present, seems to
us good proof that r/ood honey is nowhere a
drug in the market if ofl'ered at fair prices, say
20 or 3oc. per lb. retail. Our country stores
and groceries are not sui'>plied by any means.

(04

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

Auci.

A friend not far awuy has gut all his last sea-
son's crop — about o barrels — besides the pres-
ent one, on hand at this time, and yet there is
a country store within a few rods of his Apia-
r}'. Said we, "Have you any for sale at your
store V" He replied in the negative.

"But could they not sell considerable V"

"Yes I know tliey could, but it is so much
trouble to get it out of the ])arrels."

Now this is not a solitary instance ; we have
had some such work ourselves. It has been
said that it is too much bother to sell it out in
siua'il quantities, but is it really any more so
than to sell butter and milk V Much depends
<Mi having things corveniently arranged.
Stand one of your barrels on end, and then
bore a hole in the head, and screw in a molas-
ses gate, now tip it 'oack, and you can till jars
witii rapidity, and without any daubing. Af-
ter tlie weather gets cold, you had better have
something like a large tin dish pan with a
"nose" on one side. If you use a large sized
gate the honey will run out of the barrel into
this pan even if candied ; now heat it gradual-
ly nearly to the boiling point, pour it into your
jars while hot, and seal up just as you do fruit,
and you can keep it for years without any
more trouble, and in this shape it will sell
when it once gets started, and at a good rate
too.

"Mother can't we have some honey for sup-
])i'r, we haven't had any for so long ?"

"Why, my chihlren, we cannot get honey at
this season."

"Yes we can too ; I saw it at Mr. Smith's
grocery. It is put in glass jars."

"But do you think it is real honey ?''

"Why mother, of course it is, for every jar
has got Mr. Jones' name on it, and he keeps
^ttch lots of bees, antl it says 'pure honey.' Mr.
Jones is a good man, is he not mother V"

Dear readier, are you Mr. Jones, are you a
good man, does every urchin in your vicinity
know what your honey tastes like, and that
you would not use any deception in the mat-
ter for all the honey in the world y "I'll work
for you all day among the bees, and I won't
chai'ge nothin'," said a small boy a few days
ago, after we had given him a small "chunk,"
that had been built between the upper and
lower frames.

Good honey will always sell, as surely as
l>utter and milk will sell. So long as we have
such trouble wintering our bees, we are almost
obliged to charge a good price for it, but who
would be sorry to see it retailed for a price
that would put it on every table V How many
housekeepers have honey at their disposal the
year round V We retail it here at 20c., or if
over 50 lbs. are taken, 18c. A self sealing quart
fruit jar, jar and all retails at 75c.

This year like all the rest, seems to demon-
strate that while box honey only now and then
succeeds, those using the extractor, are ma-
king a sure and safe business of it year after
year as reports below will show.

OlR jNlKOINA Co. JIONKY CHOI'.

1 have up to this time extracted and put in i)aeka-
ges nieely for shipment I'WO lbs. G. W. 1)i:.vn'.

J'. S.— Honey is of an excellent iiuality.
lliver Styx, o., July iOth, '75.

Mr. Dean had al)oat 40 stocks in the spring,
and has now we 'oelieve about 51). As he

makes a business of Queen rearing, we can
hardly expect a large honey crop.

Dear Sir:— I call this a jioor year for honey in this
locality. I have taken about MJOO lbs., all white clover
honey of good quality; have made (50 new swarms,
will probably collect honey enough to winter on, will
have some l.iO good swarms. Honey is not plenty in
tliis section.

Wm. H. Shank, Chatham Centre, O., July ■2'i, 75.

My yield of honey this season will be about 800 lbs.
extracteil, and 150 comb honey. I might liave given
you a much larger report if I did like a good manv
who extract too early and get ))oor thin watery stutl"
and tlien put it on the market, and thus reduce the
price of good honey. I will have two barrels of good,
choice, thick, clover lioney. I want 18c. per lb. Mv
honey was about all capped and ought to command
the highest market price.

Wm. Tayne, Spencer, O., July -iist, 75.

I liave taken between 5 and (iOO lbs. of very nice clo-
ver honey. Had 1 relied on box honey as 1 used to do,
1 should have had little, or uoue at all for the past
three seasons.

John Williams, Marr, Medina Co., <>., July 23, 75.

I think you will have to put me in with "Blasted
Hopes,'' as 1 was hoping to have not less tlian 3000 lbs.,
and have had only r200 so far. I think it is owing to
so much rain that my bees have not done better. Our
neighbors H. & J. St Jolins, have 750 lbs.; their price
is 16 cts. A. A. Rice, Seville, ()., July -ioth, '75.

We have taken about 1150 lbs., all clover,
and our hives contain more than enough for
winter, even after increasing from 40 to 90
colonies. Mr. Blakeslee and Mr. Phelps we
think have about one ton, and Mr. Pratt of
Y'ork, about 500 as near as we can reccoUect,
some other small lots will make something
near 12000 lbs., yet we have miles of good pas-
turage with scarcely a bee-keeper. One town-
ship might easily accommodate all our l)ee
men we verily believe, and yet Medina Co.,
win not average lietter than the rest of the
U. S. The rest of the world either do not re-
port, or they are not getting honey. The fol-
lowing is the oulv delinlte one at hand, at this
date, July 28th.

I have increased from 70 to 10-J; I liave slung 3810
lbs. up to this date, and shall extract some more yet.
En Cohle, Cornersville, Tenn., July 13th, '75.

Mr. Muth gives us the following in regard
to the .wiling prices of honey in Cincinnati.

Extracted honey, in shipping order, 1 lb. jars

(12 cases) per gross :• §39.00

(12 .jars) per case 3..^0

( 12 cases) per gross, 2 1 b. j ars 72.00

(12 jars) per case t)..5(t

Extracted honey, in bulk, 12 to 20c. per lb., ac-
cording to cjuality.

No transactions yet in comb lioney.

Cincinnati, O., .July I'Jth, 75. CUAS. F. Muth.

It will be observed that the above makes a
wide dl tt'e I'cnce between honey In bulk, antl
that put up in jars, boxed, and ready for ship-
ment, but if any one thinks he can do it cheap-
er, he is at liberty to try. Where we supply
our country stores, and only deliver the honey
as fast as sold, the case is different, and we
are very well satisfied with 20c. per lb., or 25c.
where jar and label are included. Our friends
will find that the quart fruit jars are much
less trouble, all uroK/id, than smaller packages.
Mr. Muth now offers the Mason fruit jar, which
we consider the best, at |17. i)er gross. See
advertisement. •

None of the Honey buyers seem disposed to
make any oilers for honey at present. We
folks in Medina Co., think our honey is worth
l()c. bv the barrel; we retail at 20c., or if over
50 lbs. 18c.

<5LEANINGS IN BEECULTUIIE.

Wi

FROM DIFFERENT FIELDS.

i:ai; N<)\'1CJ'. :— Jlcio we cuiuc with ;i lew jots.
In llif Jiisl pliice, voin- llaney Jviiilc Jias i)n)ved

to bo ;i sjilcjuliiliv liii-iilied .iii.slnuneiU, oi -tinely

luinporea sic'el,iiii'l it is so ili.'n, and «> fh.-u)), Llial- il
auniil.s ot no<-;uvd(.'^s Jianilling'. unless one ilelights iu
the luMivv (Il Um-la^ed Jii!,ueis-' J'heii ihevc is QuiJi-
by"s bnuiuer -not iierfect jx vJiaps— hut aeveilheloss,
woi Ih its \vei;;hl in nold.

Then here (.(Xinc'ti > luir JJec^ v<.'dl. -n neaUoonvejiJeiit,
:i!id conilorlablv cool iirole<-tJon lor the lace— llie best
1 have yet seen.' And Novice, <to you know that 1 looli.
ujjon the atlejnid to handle beos in .nencral, -:ind
tiy bi ills in iiarlic.ular. witli jieiiher smoke nor any kind
ol deleai>Jv(! armor (••'-'tars ;uid Stripes (irotect as"K
as sometluu>; akin to lool-hardincss ?

Next couie our tJuuiks lor lliat splojid.id picture,
.Medley, wlucJi we hoi>c will be kept as a mojnent-o,
.onii', tii-^K/ alter all '-oju'erned in its production shall
have jia^rsed to their reward, ••for whatsoever a man
■^owetii, that t-hallhe also reap."'

it' 1 )Kid t.he proi)er masuilyiug glass, I would be
!ikely,jJi--t now, to disobey or'ders, in respect to the
photo. oJ vour Apiary, in order to ascertain, if jiotjsj-
uie, w-hy .1'. ti. wotdd not let the light of her couiite-
jiance shine in the Modleyi

The Automatic Jlivcr works beautifully, iai theory,
but in practice the sw'arnis cluster on the apple trees!

Now Novice, please "stand from under," AVhile we
inijuire il a ch)tJies basket is really the best kind of a
hher, and vour methotl of procedure is just •"ilie cor-
rect thing .-"'■ KespectluUy, D. T. Lank.

Koshkouong, Wis. July 5ih, '7"i.

There .'ife times, it i.s true, when it would be
rtisli ill the extrejiie, to iitteini^t to huiidle par-
ticular colonies, without smoke, and we re-
member a ca^e where some friends went to
examine their bees according to our instruc-
tions ; they remembered al 1 tlie directions given
except one item — they entirely forgot all about
■\i)ioke, and thought they had had experience
enotigh with bees to last them a life time.

We wouhl nevtr use a veil, were it not for
mischievous Ix-es cojiiiiig in from other colo-
gnes, that cannot be readily reached by smoke ;
.•'or with the iSmoker, we can keep in poj'fect
subjugation the iiunates of any one hive. Very
likely our attempts at hiving were awkward,
as we never have had much experience with
■iwarras.

~ How would you have taken them ott' the
apple tree, friend .L. 'i »Since that time we took
the same <-lothes Ijasket and fastened some
.green twigs in the bottom, then inverted it
over a swarm that was hanging to some limbs
that could not easilj' be sliaken, and "poked"
them gently with a bush, until they all clu.s-
tered nicely and quietly iu the basket ; they
were then deposited on a sheet, the corners
tied over the basket, and we carried them
safely some distance, keeping the basket in-
verted. We like the basket because it gives
them plenty of air, and don't let them get out.

From the little piece of comb containing eggs,
that 1 got of you last fall, 1 got V2 Queen cells, and 1
had had luck ; some were droivned, some chilled, and
some znated with black drones, and so 1 have only '2
pure ones. C J. Yoi>]iK, Orrville, Oliio.

Well, friend Y., that is rather bad, to get
only tv^) pure Queeus from twelve cells, but
atter all, was it not a i^rettv' fair investment,
to get two pure (Queens for only 2oc, and those
.i'om an importetl mother V Since we have
been in the habit of sending small larva;, well
supplied with their milky food, we have had
scarcel}' a failure, when the distance was such
that the}" were received inside of, say 48 hours.
All the larviv we send out is oi' course, from

our im])orted Queens; and during the months
of June, July, Aug. and perhaps Sei>t., it is a
very cheap way of introducing into your Api-
ary a fresh strain of the Itiilian blood. There
should be, if there are not already, inii)orted
(^ui ens, within at kvist 100 miles of every one
of our stibscril)ers, and when the brood is ta-
ken from the hive Just l)efore the mail is {)Ut
up, and then removed on its arrival, there can
be little chance of failure,

aiK. A. 1. ]JOOT, Dear Sir:— I Jiavc tried the Ucya!
jelly on several virgin Queeus, bat it will not make
thwn ac^'.cpcable to a strange colony— have tiled per^
haps a hundred times to introduce Virgin (Queens, but
liave never succeeded in one single inslan<;e and <lon"i
believe it can be done. Since writing the above, 1 see
on i)age .')'2, Vol. 3— you hokl out Ike idea that it can
be rione. I'lease tell how iu your next i«suo.

JojiN F. J^AKrKurv, Martinsville, 111. July .'ith, "T.i.

We only gave the idea of Roytil Jelly, l)e-
cau.se it was odd, not thinking any one would
place very much tlepeiidance on it, and are not
astonished at your failure ; Init frienil Jj., we
are astonished and pained at your closing re-
mark, if you really mean to doubt the testimo-
ny of so many others. So many have written
us, that they were having almost invarialjle
success with virgin Queens that we have not
thought it worth while to publish the state-
ments. That a Queen several days old will be
stung as ;in intruder almost invariably, we are
well aware, and have so stilted most particU'
larly. It has for a long time been universally
conceded that a Queen is all right where she is
hatched, even if the cell be so introduced that
she is hatched in one hour or less after tlie old
Queen is removed. During our experiment de-
tailed iu Vol. 1, we fell to thinking that it was
beyond reason that every bee in the hive knew
whether a young Queen was hatched there, or
came there by other means ; and a few experi-
ments convinced us that it was age only, that
made this great difference. If any of our read-
ers will take a Queen of but few hours old, and
before she has been running among the bees of
any hive, they will llnd that she can be put any
where, and will be unmolested, (even it there
l)e a Queen already in the hive), until she gets
old enough to show her Royal l)lood.

Many of you know that it you can tind a lot
of cells, just hatching, you can cut out the per-
fectly formed Queens with a pen knife, and
they will be received precisely as any young-
bees just hatched out, for you can put them in
any hive with imptinity.

We are now just about rearing 30 Queens for
our house Apiary, and as a means of safety shall
have them all hatched in our lamp nursery.
All the care needed is to be sure and put them
among the bees l)efore they are more than
about" 12 hours old. The loss is much less
than that of inserting cells, and we have no
cutting of combs to do, besides the great sa-
ving ol" time, in not being obliged to keep the
bees Queenless at till ; in" fact we do not divide
the colony until the Queen for it is htitched.

DI':AI! (iT.EAN'INGS:— My 10 I^angstroth hives,
bought last Aug. for frtO.OO, have increased to -20, and
have furnished honey enough to )jay for themselves,
the extractor, (Winder's No. 2), and knife. Can any
other investment jiav like that y T.ut now comes a
dilllcultv: the moths, in spite of all my care, have got
into nearly all inv hives, and are wading through the
combs behind the young bee.-, leaving them uncapped
and mostly de.id; are these the ordii'.ary moths ^ If
so, how am 1 to remedy the dilliculty ;" l have taken

ro6'

OLEANINGS m BEE CULTUT^-ET.

Av^-.

a tenacuhim from my surgical instruments, and nick-
0(1 out the uncanpeil bees from the three weak hives,
in which thev have done the most damag-e— ilestroyinc;
rlie moths as I found them. Tliey are mostly small,
1-1(! to V of an inch in lenarth. If Voit can trivc m* any
mstructions in Gleanings, they will Ix^netit others as
well as myself, for I know my only bee-keeping neigh-
V)or is afflicted in the sam'e way.

Yours fraternally. J. H. (>ne\ , M. D.
Dixon's Springs, Tenn. July 6th, '75.

Pick out the worms as you have l>een (Toing,
With some shai-p pointed instrument, and tliey
will soon be all jjotie. AVe should infer from
the manner in which they work, that your
combs have been destitute of bees some tim-e
within the past season, and thus allowed a
moth to deposit the egsrs. Finally, get some
of the newly imported Italian stock, and they
will do all the picking for you. and only seem
to relish the idea of cleaning mit an infested
hive.

I built a small house three years ago for an experi-
ment: it is about 15 feet Tong.fi feet wide, with 12
double hives. The honse and hives are all biiitt to-
gether. The bees worlt outside. I woils inside, t
have used it three winters, and liave not lost a good
swarm yet. I have the extractor in there, and disturb
no bees but tlie ones I am handling, and no bees dis-
turb me. I think nearly one-half the labor is saved.
If you will trv a small hoiise for an experiment, I will
give yon a full descriufion. Xojxtfent.

B. J. Talkot, Viola, Iowa, June 20th, '75.

It seems from the above that there really is
nothing new under the sun. In a second com-
munication Mr. T. states that the house really
answers the purpose Tor the extractor without
any trouble whatever.

A. I. ROOT:— In extracting from a two story hive,
to-day, I found so much brood in the upper sto-ry that
r carefully measured and computed the entire surface
occupied "by egsrs and brood, and found 2f!00 square
inclies thus occupied; proving conclusively, that the
«Jneen was laying more than 3000 eggs each day. I
have several other swarms doing eaually well.

G. E. CORUIN. St. Johns, Mich. July Ist, '75.

Very glad to receive such reports.

A. I. ROOT & Co r— Our Linden harvest has just
closed, M'hich for a few days was good. T commenced
extracting July 5th, and several of my hives yielded
over 100 lbs., some averaging as high as 14 lbs." dailv ;
have taken about 2000 lbs.

S. D. McLean, CuUeoka, Tenn. July i:?th, 'T."^.

A. I. ROOT, Dear Sir :— The Extractor I got of you
is a good thing; I transferred two r-ards of honey'2H'
inches thick, mostly granulated, and threw it out with
the machine. 1 turned very fast, and doubt if ever a
niaclnne stood a harder test. It is very diflerent from
Miu one you sent me before, by which I see > on have
ma<U? gi-eat im)irovements in two years. Just keei) on
making this style of machine, and it will not take the
!)eople long to find out who makes the best article.

v. S. — I have just linished throwing out 75 lbs. of the
same kind of honev. I am sure I turned three times
as fast as the I'eabody, or auy other revolving can
machine could Ije turned, and yet it stood the test.

As for the knife, I place ray index finger under the
point of the blade, spring it into the desired curve,
an<l scallop out hollow places as well as a curve point-
ed blade, then letting it straighten finishes the work
ClKAVo! T^et those who choose, use a thick, clumsy
knife because iVs cJieaver. I am satisfied with a dollar
knife. Trulv yours. Dr. C. M. Joslin.

St. Charles, Mich. July "lith, '7.5.

DEAR NOVICE :~During April and May oar bees
(ravelled down hill, till we reached .5S. and began tii
think of "Blasted Hopes." But at this point tlte'grade
(dianged, an<l we are iiow, at 85. jroing u|). Some stocks
.ue doing little or nothing in their boxes; others aio
tilling up the second set with an A, Xo. 1 article. The
sight of from 9 to 18 boxes of such comi) honey on a
hive is enough to make almost any one wish t<^ try its
<iualities, an<l the uninitiatcft to exciaim "Oh my!"

1). P. Lane, Kcshkonong, Wis. July !2th. "75.

Last sirring I bought 5 swarms in old Langstroth
hives for $20.00. Lost one swarm about the 20th ot
March, by being robbed. Transferred the i-enminin?,
4 into Irives of my own- get up, using the S'tamfard
fi-am'e, arwT ten fi-anws m a hive, birt think tlint 15 or2{>'
frames would l>e l>etter. as these wordd' give- nwre
room for brood. I now have f^ swanris (all blaxjk bees-
three natm-a;! and one artiticial. ETave an- exrtiTtctor.
it works well. 1 like to handle bees, but anv young
and inexperienced; the more thev sting me the better
I like them'. D'o not i?se smoke niucii. think ft make?
them cross. Ants are a nl.ague here, as the soil is
gravelly .and goo.d to Imild hills inr they ai-e very
itWcrk, amd run into the hives, and help tlienrselves to
all the honev they like without mircVi to fear from the
bees. Will N'ovice or some other bee-keener who has
been bothered with black .and red .ants i'-P''''?f' tell us
if Italfans will keep themout? Bees are doing well
here this sumiiTer as theiT is plenty of white clov°r.
Please tell ii-s w1iat extracted honey is worih in Ma-
son's cans, and oblige a young bee-keepei-. A. L. W.

Avery strong colony of Italians will keeiv-
even the inmates of a "strong" ant Irill at a dis-
tance, but it se^ms to take up a good deal of
time ori both sides, as quarrels generally do.
The bees seldom if evei' succeed in stinging an
ant, and apparently being aware of the difficul-
ties they have in contending Avith such foes,
prefer to give them a wide berth, and to beat-
and forlrear. with a patience quite commenrl-
able. After a time however, they often seem Uy
thinlv forbearance ceases to be a virtue, and
then their plan of attack is a novel one indeed ;
when the ants will -)t':4 keep on their own-
.gi'ound, and get provoking beyond endurance,
they go at them in a perfect fury, and finding
they can do nothing- with their stings, in des-
pair pick up the little pests, and carrj- them n]y
in the air, and so far ofl that they are unable to-
ever get back again. We have not been able
to find that the ants do very- much dauTage so-
far as getting the Itoney is concerned, but they
often start nests in the hive, in the sm'iug
when the colony is weak. Tlie ants will in-
dusti-iously carry in bits of wood, gi-ass, etc..
for their nests, which the Italians as industri-
ously caiTy out again. This contest goes oi?
for some tinie, but the bees when they get
strong, always carry the day. We pinched
the head of a beautiful yellow Queen a few
days ago, because she did not raise bees enough
to crowd the ants out of the hive. Our import-
ed stocks are especially active, in sending the
ants "sky high" — that is, the last we saw of
the ants, the bees were lugging them "skyward."

We have made a test of the following, on
a large ant hill, and thev seem for some reason
to have "got scarce." Will our friends report
further V

FRIEND NOVICE :— If auv of your readers are still
troubled with ants. Just tell them that pulverized bo-
rax sprinkled about where they inhabit will drive
them away successfully. This has proven of great,
value to me. Me<llev receive I. and it more than li!l.-
the liill, in fact it's iust siileiulid. I would not take
iflO.W for mine if it was the la-t one.

E. A. Sueldon, Indepenilence, Iowa, June 19, '7">

Our friend Moore of Binghampton, N. Y.,.
says Persian Insect Powder, to be had at the
drug stores, is adnnrablo for keeping ants out
of honey rooms, etc ; we do not find it in our
town. We opine that the borax acts by dissol-
ving in the moist earth, and thus making the
spot disagreea])le, which would not be the case
if used in roon>s. Commoii salt has been advised
in a similar way. Boiling water is a hard and
cruel remedy, yet might be excusable did it not
also kill vegetation manj- times, in a way un
desirable.

f.^To.

GLEANINGS IN BEE GULTUTIE.

1(17

DKAIl NOVICK;— This is the worst season in Cin-
vt-iiiiuili Uitit bee-kec'iiois have exjierieJiceU since 1
iuineil U>e Irateiiiily seven >ears ujjo. Soine ol my
niwfi haven"! .;. iioiuhI ol'honey, aaul at the sawic tiaiie
\l seejus 4IS U i never JkmI such columes reaiiy lor
work ; lor the last wee.k some ollheni have been Jiill-
Ui-j: the ilrones, so taking everylliiu;,' iQgeiher the
laosjie+a Is rjillier gloomy. So«ie Aviaries situated
near liiwleji proves have done very well, and ojie 1
know ol lias satheretl a gootl sii,l).l)ly lu-iii rasi()berries.
1 am soing to leed all 2uine 'jnongh to iJisurc tJiem
against want or lamine, and 1 thinii iJje lall jiasiure
>\iU be .good, lor J am >uro weeus never had such a
good linie to .gro>v in as ihey have iimX ilus swnnuvr.
Migar as a winter leed will run a good eJiance ol being
tested in this ]iart ot the eoiuilry. Winierin.g hjis lost
its dread around here since the introduction ol' mats;
.my 4(1 liives (ranie Uirough willt the W^ss ol two (.Queens.
1 should like to know how your hive di'l with the
mat on. II. K. (Uj;kv, Oiiiciiinati, <)., July 13, '75.

The colaiiy covcrod by tlie Jiuit wiittcred
.■•ijually as well ^is tiiosc covered with quilts,
Imt uu better ; -vve iioti-c^i oite peewliarity of
the mat, however ; an lifting it up, tlie Dees
were always fouud clustered ^v) it, while with
ihe quilts, they were elust^ered down aniouy
tlie coaiibs. As itll colonies hnviu^ (luilts or
juats were perfectly drj and clean, it was hard
to decide ia favor of either.

jiet the comb loundations advertised in this
niuuber. It is some bother to fasten tiieiii in
the frames, but wheu you (dice get them, they
■are bcdniij'nl.

I am taking one t)aiTel ol'honey per day.

U. A, JoNKS, Tecuniseth, Oni., *.'aii.,July l.i, 'ifi.

The most prolilic t^iieen in my Apiary will be tliree
years old next October— you just ouj^lit to see her
spread h-ersell'. SJie .<^eems to bid tleliance to "bee
disease," cold winters, springs or anything else. 1
liave introdu<^e-il tliree virgin (Queens tills spring safe-
ly -lost one; cause, r-iii.sed~the Jioney boani whicli ex-
cited the bees, and -dropped herin" while they wei't;
excited, the otJiers J let erawl in at a hole in the
honey bOiinU T. <4. jNlciiAW, Monmouth, Ills.

Apoors(jAson iai this locality lor bees; li'uit blos-
.scuis were all killed. There were no locust blossoms,
.and wiiiie clover, wJiicli is our juain depejul&nce in
this section lor surplus honey, has amounted to noth-
ing, but we expect it next yt^ai- by the <|uaiitity, so we
are keeping in good sjjirits with the expectation of a
ijig HoAN ot Honey in "Tb. 1 think if Novice had been at
-uiy place this season I cciiiu have convince^l him
in regard to my bees liaviug; too much po.llen. Jt
would Jiave taken auore Uian savaal -storniv days to
rtiiiove it. 1 had daughters of imported (Queens too.
JMy locality is diller(tnL iroui yours, j ou have to use
aneal lor e;u'ly pollen, I do noi; theyeolleet it on tlie
iirst lair days ox spiing tiiat iliey can lly. Wliy do not
Dees gather moic jjoileu than they need, as well as
(they yatJier more fioiiey ih;ui they need y

~' A. J. tiSHEK, East Liverpool, < »., .July 15th, '7.5.

Quite right, friend F., a bee-keeper needs to
cultivate patience and equanimity-, he mast be
in leadiness to take care ol the honey wheu it
comes, and he must also be preijartd to make
the best of extremes of weather, failure of the
Jlowers to jield honey, etc., etc. iSo lon,g as
i)ees command the prices they do, colonies can
he. made at a good profit by sugar feeding ;
neither the Ijees nor their owner need remain
idle, and wheu you once get all hands btisily
.•It work, you may be agreeabh" astonished at
an unexpected liow' of honej*. Your abundance
■<)f polkn will be of very great advantage, for
you can safely keep up brood-rearing uutil
quite late, and as has been fully proveu, see
j>ages .50, b-l, and 08, bees will rear brood in
abundance when confined in their winter quar-
ters, if supplied with plenty of pollen. Perhaps
we that are less fortunate can afford to pur-
chase it of you, if 30U will give 3 our bees einp-
. ry combs, and take out the tilled ones. They
can be safely kept over winter out of the hives,
and freezing does no harm. This would be
/asier and perhaps cheaper than meal feeding
and would enable us to be entirely independent
of unseasonable weather in spring, so far as
brood-reai'ing is concerned. With our house
Apiary, it would work beautifully.

I ■commenced Um season with lour stands, ■•iallup
hives, -and they were very weaii. All the bees on one
stand, 1 could hold in my hands, and the otiiers cov-
ered about three frames each. 1 had not a lull sec ot
combs for any of the hives, and yet theyiill<<l ui> and
swarnicHl until 1 got about siek of the sw ai miiig. Have
increase<l to II stands and returned 3 more because!
had got no more empty hives. Just getting honty
enough to lieei) brood-rearing going nicely.

WAX.Xi'JK SJi.NiOK, Kvansviile, ^V e.st Va., July la, ■7-'!.

Under sucli circumstances had \'ou not bet-
ter raise and sell bees, rather than honey y

DEAK XOVICE:— You are a brick! You have
made yourself immortal. Your JNIed ley has arrived;
'tis splendid, i greet all the laces introduced by you,
and say "here is jny hand."' "Some men are born great,
some "achieve greatness, and some have greatness
thru-st upon them," but you ac(;identally made your-
sell a great name, by studying up the Medley; every
bee-keeper ought to have it.

W. W . sKixiwicK, lirauville, O., July lOth, '75.

If our readers will excuse the above, we wiU
try to say no more about the Medley.

EDITJJRGLEANINGl.S:— Please give your readers
the best jilan lor securing straight worker surplus
«,omb. C

AVith aid of index, examine back volumes,
but if you want all worker comb, mathematic-
ally correct, better thau any bets ever made,

I have fretiueutly read in order to get bees to work
in boxes louse small pieces ol comb— a belter plan
and especially when one has not the comb, is to use
wax gnides, then give ibem a ladder to climb up by,
starting Irom the entrance to centre ol lop of Ijox — a
small oue-hallinch piece of comb makes the best lad-
der—but a small tiuxeU stick wiU answer. By using
the ladder they will begin work much sooner, tliau ii
they have to ciimb the sides ol box. Try it and see
tor yourself. T. ■G. McGaw, Monmouth, Ills.

As the Italians are quite disposed to begin
at the bottom and I)uild their combs upward,
we think t^ese "ladders" would be quite an
item, and tlie neatest and cheapest material for
them would undoubtedly be the comli founda-
tions. We presume Mr. Long will send these
by mail, and at ^1.00 per lb., they certainly
would be cheap enough for guides in boxes.
One square foot like the sample sent us, weighs
only 2}.j> ounces, so that we can calculate on
somethrng like 10c per square foot or $1.()0 for
comb foundations enough to till a single story
L. hive, as each L. frame (with the metal cor-
ners) contains jtist about one sciuare foot of
comb. We thiiik it very probable that the ob-
jection that has been urged that the Italians
"were more averse to working in boxes than the
blacks, is only because they do not go up to
the top of an empty box or hive, and hang in
clusters as the blacks do. :Mr. Langstroth re-
marked to us, that a strip of comb for a guide,
would be much more etiicient if placed on the
side of the box instead of along the top in the
old fashioned way, just l)ecause of this pecu-
liar trait of the Italians. In fact they will un-
der some circumstances build their combs up-
ward uutil they topple over from their weight;
when the blacks would have at once gone to
the top and built dowu\vard.

108

GLE^ANINGS IN BEE CTTLTIiTtE.

IS'I^..

On the '!nl of July as 1 was out i)loughinK close to
apiece of wootlland, T heard the bees makinar a bis;
noise, and l)esan to loolc around, and I saw then> on
the leaves jratherinar the Ai)hide hone>', as I call it.
The leaves were full of AphiiTes on the under side,
and they ejected the honey so fast tlvat I could see
drop after (Ir op fall down oh the lower leaves. I tiX)k
a double mafrnifler, which I always carry fn n>y pock-
et, and found on some leaves over a hiirrdred drops;
then I took my knife and laid the blade on some of
the lar,8:est Tiphides, and they all had a drop of the
same honey on their extremities, that there was on
the leaves. I made an examination of all the trees
and shrubs aroamd ;■ on spicowood I found no Aphides,
and not a drop of honey, lender some trees the dead
feaves on the si'ound were coated all over with iDome-
thina: like varnish. Jfow I would like to sec the man-
that can make me believe that it falls from heaven.

D. N. Ke1£N, Shimcrsville, Fa.

We liave seen precisely tlie same phenomena,
and altliongli all the honey dew that has come
under our own observation, doubtless came
from the Aphides, we should hardly feel excu-
sable in saying that such was always the case,
especially since others who apparently are
equally faithful, have come to such a different
conclusion.

There arc hundreds of acres of white (;lover here in
full bloom, and no bees to gather the honey. I have
got one swaru! left, and this is the case with nearly all
the bee-keejievs in (ieauga Co. It made no diflerence
what number of swarmsHiey had last fall, all are re-
duced to one or two swarms, and they are not very
good; those that had only two swarios saved one, and
some that had one saved that one. while those that
had 30 or 50 saved only one or two.

V. McBriue, Chardon, O.

1 h.Tve to-dav transferred a colony under your in-
structions in Maj' No., with splendid success. I came
near losing the (^ueen. however; when I had got all
done, and was cleaning up, watching hovvcver, as I
had not seen her, I found her in the grass by herself.
She trotted happily in among her children on being
put in front. This is all a new experience to me,
but I am very much interested in the care and work-
ing of the bees.

L. S. Ellis, Manistee, :Mich. June 14th, '75.

Very glad to hear that we helped yon, friend
E., but we fear you only partially complied
with our directions, if you allowed any grass
to remain for her to get lost in. We certainly
have had good reasons for so continually in-
sisting that all grass and weeds be kept away
from the hives, when transferring, extracting,
etc.

In my account of the death of Emmett Fuller, in
(tLKAn'ings for July, you misinterpret luy abbrevia-
tion of the word "iVesident, (Pres't.) and print it
"Priest." This savors somewhat of Catholicism,
toward which President Abbot does not in the least
incline. (i. E. Coriun, St. Johns, Mich. July 3, '75.

We sincere)}- beg pardon, and sliall have to
admit that it was not until you pointed it out
that we discovered what our compositor had
done.

Queens c«» be sent safely to California by
mail, see the following :

Mu. OATMAN, Dear Sir :— The Queen you started
the 17th came the 2!Uh, all right. I am w'ell ])leased
with her. E. E. Shattick.

Los Angeles, Cal. June 30th, '75.

A. I. ROOT:— I notice in (iLE.VMNOS for July, that
Adam Grimm says his fli"st natural swarm came out
■May '24th. Three days prior to that, (May Slst), a large
uatui'al swarm issued from my only box hive. I put
it into a '-franv hive" lilled with cniiity worker comb,
.lust four weeks from thai day I inspected them care-
fully, and found 15 or KiOO siiu'are inches of brood and
eggs, and numerous Queen cells nearly- ready to cap
over, preparatory to a second attempt at emigration.
G. E. (JtJRBiN, St. Johns, Aficb. Jiily'rith, '75.

In the above we think Ihc empty combs
should have a srrekt share of the credit.

DEAR NOVICPI:— I find in some of my hives work-
er piipre unsealed. The pnpcc have the" shape of the
pcrioct bee, yet are perfectly white excep-t the eyes,
wliich are of a dull blmsli folcr. Have these pupa
been sealed rmrt'agam iTTisealeti by the bees-, or have-
thoy never been crav)ped ever? TTill tlVey eon»e out
ar.tl be as good as those which have >>een "scaled and-
hatched in the natural way? How do yeni aeiirount
for their being unsealed ?

Again I tind among naturally etvpped' worker brood
some cells leugth'ened^ and capjjed over a& 'ii they coii-
tairred brood froiiT a drone-laying Qtieen or a fertile
worker. How ifo ywv accouni! for tbem?'

How do you determine wlnether a swarm has a
drone-laying Queen or a fertile worker, folding the
worker cells lengthened and containing drones, but
not being able to find a (?ueen, whx) iiKty nevertheless-
be there, or not ?

Which is the l>est way o-f getting rfd of a fertile-
worker, and supplying a hive tlius aflTected with ;.
(^ueeii? Yours respectfuHv-

Wm: MCTK-R'A9MLSSE.V.

I^os Angeles, Cal. June '2t*th, '75.
llie phenomena mentiojied of brood i^ncap-
ped during very wann weather occurs every
season, yet every- little while some one uoticc.s
it for the h'rst time, and thinks there is some-
thing wrong, thfit the extractor Iras* killed the
brood, etc., etc. Kest assured the bees know
perfectly well what they aj"e doing, and have
not forgotten how, or any thing of the kind.
Tlie lengthened cells are prolmbly a part of the-
same phenomena.

We always make it a point to see every
Queen in ea»h hive, and to keep a kind of su-
pervis-ion ovej' each young one, until she is
laying worker eggs ; drone egg's are never de-
posited with the rc^tiularity and system of
worker eggs, but yet we cannot l")e perfectly
sure, until the brood is capped, then the great
diflerence between worker and drone brood is
apparent at once. See Fertile Workers, on
page 91, last numl?er.

MESSRS. A. I. ROOT & CO.— Accepting with pleas-
ure your kind ofler, I beg leave to beg for a sample
copy of your "Gleanings in bee nrLTLiJE.*' We
Germans here acknowledge freely the progressive
spirit of America in all branches, particularly in in-
dustry and hnsbandrj', and therefore are desirous to
see how far yon are "advanced in the above named
Culture, whicli we, .as von well know, consider a sci-
ence. 'ITie University Hall at Basle, the jjlace where
Sept. loth, '74, was the (irand xix BiencnzucJitcn Van-
do'wersamluncj, could bear witness to it.

Very respectfully, A. EtyiT.VAN.

Weiman, Germany, June '20th, "5.

Many thanks friend L., for the very generous
compliment you pay to oitr countrymen ; we
will try to deserve it. In saying that in our
humble opinion bee culture could scarcely have
become the substantial branch of industry that
it now is, witliout the invention of the Honey
Extractor, which your countryman gave us,
we do you no more than justice. If we some-
times forget to accord the fall cretdt due you,
please excuse it on the ground that we simply
need a reminder of something we are always
disposed to agree on. Although two of the
girls in our employ htive procured the necessary
books, and have essayed to learn German, wt^
regret to say that our montlily cop\' of the
BU'iien Zeiivrirj is usually tiled away without
giving us any enlightenment as to what our
worthy cousins across the -water are doing.
Rest assured that there is at least mi.c in Amer-
ica, who only awaits ;i fitting opporturity of
showing his good will towards your people.

P. iS. — It is with some trejiidation that we
put the long word in print that our girls as-
sure us means nothing more than "Bee-Keep-
er's Convention."

AD VER riSERS ' DEPAR TMENT.

We will sonil Gi.KAXixt;s-

WlthThc AnicrU-an Ree Jounuil iJJ.Odl 3-2. ii

" The ]?ee KceiierV Mana/.ine ( l.rni) 2. 00

•' The 15oe Worlil ( -J.OO! -2. ■25

•• All three. Tin- 15ee Journals of America,. . .5.00

•• American Agriculturist (Sl.tiO) S2.I0

•• I'rairie Farmer ($-2.1.5) 'IX^

" Uural Xew Y.)rker (5-2..50) :j.00

•■ Scientillc American (S!.15) .■{.»">5

" Fruit Recorder and (.^ottaftc Gardener (Sl.OO).. 1.50
[Above rates inehich' «U l'i>sta(n:]

Books for Bee-Keepers.

SKNT posti>aid on receipt of price.

Lanfrstrotli on the Hive and Honey Ree Si. 00

(^uinliv's Mvsteries of Ree Keepinjr 1..50

Bee Keeper's Text Rook, mu.«lin 75

" " " " paper, 40

Those are the liest.lmt are all far behind the times.

Names of res|)onsil)le i>arties will be inserted in
either of the foHowintr departments, at a tiniform
])rice of lOc. eacli insertion, or Sl.do jier vear.

J^verill Ohemical I*ain.t.

THI-: OXLV RELIARLE.
THE MOST REAUTIFUE.
THE .VOi^r ECONOMICAL.
THE MOST DURARLE.

Requires no oil thinner or drier.
Requires no waste of time in mixing,
Has stood ('/(//(/ f/cars' criticismx
With yearly increaxcd popularity
And yearly increased sales.
Ts sold by the ffallon only, in packages of from 1 to
4" srallons eacli, in Purest White and any Color or
Tint desired.
Address, for sample card of colors and price list,

A.-verill Chemical IPaiint Co.,
Office and Factorv i:?-2 & 134 East River Street.

CLEVELAND, OHIO. fi-ti-'TC.

ITAlLiIATSr BEEH.

ITALIAN QUEENS breil from imported motliers—
a month earlier than in Hie North. I'urity and
safe arrival guaranteed. Also full colonies of Italians
in Langstrotli hives for sale at S15.0() |)er colony.
Ad.Uess Dr. J. P. H. RROWN, Augusta, Ga.

Advertisements will be recei veil at the rate often
cents per line. Nonpariel space, each insertion, cash
in a<lvance: and we require that every Advertiser
satisfies us of liis responsibility and intention to do
a41 that he agrees, and that his'goods are really worth
the price asked for them.

1 nn COLONIES BEES and a Farm of m
LvJV' acres. Extra uood location. Average re-
ceipts per annum per colony for 4 years $14. I have
to change climate for health.
7-S G. M. DALE, Border Plains, AVebster Co., Iowa.

~ 20HIVES ITALIANS FOR $150.

Good, new. painteil. Langstroth hives. C^ieens
mostly from Imported Mothers. Will sell 20 strong
colonies for :i;150, delivered at depot at Huron, or SS.OO
per colony for a less quantity. No more Queens for
sale this season. D. L. SCOTT, Huron. O.

QUEENS BREI> from Imported Mothers, sent
as soon as fertile, for Sl.OO. Tested, S;5.00. Full
r-oionies Italian Bees, with Tested Queens. Si:5.0(i.

Address, J. M. C. TAYLOR.

8 Lewistown, Frederick Co., Md.

If I. Oft <^xieenM*

Names inscrte.d in this department the first time
without charge.

Those whose names appear below, agree to furnish
Italian Queens tiie coming season for sl.OO each, un-
der the following conditions ; No guarantee is to be
assumed of purity, safe delivery or anv thing of the
kind, only that the Queen be reared from a choice,
pure mother. They also agi-ee to return the monev at
anytime when custonuTs become imjiatient of s'ucli
delay as may be unavnidable.

Bear in niind that he who sends the best Queens,
put up neatest and most securely, will i)robablv re-
ceive the most orders. Special rates for warranted
and tosteil (Queens, furnishc<l on ajiplication to any of
the part ie-<. Names with *, use an Imported Queen
mother. If wanted by mail, send 10c. extra.

G. W. Deau. River Stvx. Medina Co., Ohio.

♦ ,1. Oatman * Co.. Dundee, ills. .'.vX
*Dr. J. P. H. Brown, Augusta, (Georgia.

*M. E. McMaster. Shelbwille. :\iissouri. 2tl

*Eli Coble, Cornersville". Marshall Co., Tenn. 2tl

* J. M. C. Taylor. Lewistown, Frederick Co., Md. 4-!)
A. J. Weidner, Bigler. Adams Co., Pa. o-lo
*E. W. Hale, Wirt C. IL, West Va. f.-i;
*T. G. McGaw, Monmouth, Ills.

.T. H. Nellis, Canajoharie, N. V. t!-<i

*H. Nesbit, Cynthiana, Ky.

M. S. Klum. Sherman. Te.xas. ;«

W. S. Ward, Fuller's Station, Albany Co., N. Y. 8-10
*\Villis .1. Phelps, Medina. O.

uE?~I warrant my (/lu^ens pure Italians, and (/uaran-
tec their arrival by /nail, SOO miles for just one dollar.
Get my circular. J. H. Nellis, Canajoharie, N. Y. Sj)

Anj- one ordering 3 Queens alter this date, M^ill re-
ceive our line portrait of Mr. C^uinby, free, for 3 cents.

<: IL. XJ « R.VTES on 175 Papers. Send for

C 1L< U li List including Agents' Ratks on

T? O O ■«.. W bv mail post-paiil-40ft ir. List—

1$ O <> I'C JS B'lXGHAMs' Agency, Sparta, Wis.

^ 12tOp

■"VAT'OIN" I will send j-ou a ring or small chromo
free, for the names and addresses of
-i—j-pi-p? twelve active boys or girls from six dif-
"^ "^ ferent postodices, who do not now take
____.^ the Gem. Address John A. Clark,

JE^XJ J-i. Wadsworth, Ohio. 7-8

Vfho agree to make such hives, and at the prices
named, as those described on our circular.
Wm. D. Zell, Lancaster, Pa. (j-11

THIRTEEN years experience in propagating
Italian Bees. Queens will be bi'ed direct" from
Imported Mothers and warranted t)ure and fertile.
Send for my circular. Wm. W. CARY,

Itf " Colerain. Franklin Co.. Mass.

I have for sale aljout '20 stamls ot choice Italian bees,
property of James Labarre, which I will sell at 6^15.00
a stand, delivered at dei)ot or express office; sate ar-
rival guaranteed. They are in tlie regular Langstroth
hive witli 10 frames in brood chamber, nothing in
second story. Each staml is in first rate condition.
8 CHAS. F. Ml'TH. Cincinnati, O.

You cannot look (jvcr ihe lpa<'k No's of Gleanings
or any other Periodical with satisfaction, unless they
are in some kind of a Binder. Who has not said—
"Dear nic what a bother— I must have last
month's Journal and it's no where lo lie found." Put
each No. iu the FJuu'rson Riiider as soon as it comes
and you can sit down hajjpy, any time you wish to limt
any thing you may have previously seen even though
it were months ago.

Binders for (ii.KANiNGS (will hold them for four
years! gilt lettered, free by mail foi- 50. (io. and 75c. ac-
cording to quality. Foi- table of j)rices of ISinders for
anv Periotliiral, "see Oct. No.. Vol. 2. Send in vour
orders. A. I. ROOT, Me<lin:i, O.

AD ViiTKTISEES' BET'ARTimNT!.

MUTH'S ADVEBTISEMEXT.

HONEY JARS.

One pounil (square) Jars, per gross, jjO-'iO

Two "■ *' " '* 8.r>o

One " '■ " Flint glass per gross .M.m

T',vo " "• '* " " " '• 11.00

Corka for 1 ami 2 lb. jars , ~T>

Tin Foil Cups, per gross , .1.20

I..al)els, " " 7.T

A thoiisanil labels address printed to onler .5.00

One (It. t'niit jars, 3Iasoii\s patent, per gross 17.00

Labels for same, " " .(!.t

,1 thoiTsaml labels a(>drc9s prrnte*! to order 4.'2.i

TTncaiiping Knives, as good as auj', eacl/ .io

" " perdoz , 4.50

Alsike Clover Seed> per l/«sfiel.. 15.00

" " -. ^ pgpjj 400

" " " " pound , 35

Straw Mats, Bee Veils etc., at reasonable rates.

For liirtlier i>articiilars. Address.
It t; CHA S. F. MUTH, Cincirmati, Ohio.

APIAEIAIT SUPPLIES ?

QKi^B TO €Of.I>E«E' APIARY lor Beantilur

O Qui'ens. Circul.'frs IVee.

Ttf FRANK BENTON, Knoxville, Tenn.

THE BEE-KEEPEKIS' MA«AKIjVE, an illus-
trated .Journal of 3-2 octavo
).»ages, dovolcil exclusively
to Bee-Culture; edited
l)y Ali»kkt J. King, and
cbntaiiiiug <'ontril)utions
)by Mrs. Ellen S, Tapper
and J. AV. Hosmer, and a
number of the most expe-
rienced B e e-K e e ]) e r s in
America and Europe. A
large space is devoted to
beginners, giving useJnl information just when it is
needed each month. Terms, 1 vear, gi.50. A (i4 page
liamjihlet with beautiful life-like Chromo of honey
plants, andTtalian Bees in their natural colors, con-
taining also the prize essay by Mrs. Tupper, Qnefyi
Hearing by M. Quinby, instruction for beginners, etc..
(price .'lOc.) sent free with the INiagazine, on trial 4
Juonths for 50c.. Address

KING & SLOCXTM, 01 Hudson St., N. Y.

1 lb. Round Jars per gross... «^

§0.50

7..50

1.00

40

40

Corks " " 75c. and

'i Pt. Honey Tumblers, plain or ribbed, per doz. .

0 doz in a box. Packages ,

'^ Pt. Honev Tumblers, plain or ribbed, iierdoz. .

♦i doz. in a box. Packages ^,)

'j I't. Honey Tumblers, Tin Top, ])er doz r,5

<; doz. in a box. Packages... 4ii

k Pt. Honey Tumblers, Tin Top, per doz 7.')

tj doz. in a box. Packages 45

Also Window Glass, Lamp (^himnevs and Glass-
ware of all kinds. For sale bv B. L. F.IUNKSTOCK,
lati! B. L. Fahnestock, l-'ortune & Co.. Glass Mauulac-
turers, 7<i Wood St., Pittsburgh, Pa. (;-7d

IMPORTED BEES-

H-itring sol<?a?l ibe In^ported Queens titet we have
winteveil dnring itre p<*v?6 winter, v/e have *onelude(3
to- continue the IiRportaiissi c» al»ig€F scale tftara
ever Ixjfore.

We will receive Italian Bees from Italy t"-»^ic«? a
iwoiit-li cliii-liigj^ the- ssiuiTciiiei'.

These Queens will lie inserted in our hives and^
sliipped to our customers as soon as they have sntfi?',--
iently rested fron;*. the fatigues of tlie journey fron.>
Europe.

Price. One QiieeR . . ... SIO.OU-

Two- Queens IS.Of.is

K'enieinber tluit rre are

TTIk.' only I'e^ailai" Iiiiijroi't ers of

ITALIAN BEKS IN THIS CVTNTHY.

and lliat oiii* CJiie«?ns are

ALL YOING ANI> SELECTED.

For pTirtreiilars addi-ess Cu. DADANT & SON..

Hamilton. Hancock Co., Ills.

Queens and Nuclei from an

Readv to shi|/ br Jime 20th. I>icc of tested Queens-
$.3.00: wan-anted "§-2.00. Nuclei wirli tested Qtieen —
two- Lanarstroth frames with plenty of brood and bees,
SfJOO each or S25.00 for five. Full "swarms with war-
ranted Quecma ia LftngstrO'th hives fl-2;00, or ten for
SIOO. E. C. BL.AKESLEE, Medina, O. r.tr

BTJY IViT BEEST

w) .^ t'OEO.^ilES of Italian Bees in Standard I>ang-
^ O stroth Hives (10 frames) going cheap. Hives;
new and choi(-e.
8d Address JAMES IIEDDON, I>owagfac, ^lich.

')' / F(

TO lOO eOEO^flE!* ITAILIAIV BEES^
'OR SALE. Sliip in September.

Price per colony SlO.OO

Two frame nucleus, brootl and bees, tested

Qieccn^in .Vug. and Sept - ...4.0t>

Will ship none but imre bees. Xo disease in our
Apiary. J. OATMAN j;. CO.. Onndee. Ilfs. H-9

No BI (((■}: Bees to intei-fere with pure fei-tiliz-ation.
Uiiii:i(rrun(iil Queens :fl.OO. Wamnited S3.00. Bre't
from (laughter;
Full Col

3t8p

of imported or home bred Queens.

.inies Italian Bees ?13.00. Adilress
J. OATiMAN & CO., Dundee, Kane Co., Ills.

AlEFiICAg
BEE JOURMLJ

Every Bce-Keeper should:
subscribe for this Monthlv-
It is the Oldest aiirt bes*
scientific and practical
Journal of Apiculture in
the World. The niost suc-
cessful and experienced
Apiarians in tliis country
and Europe contribute to its pages. Terms, $2.00
a year in advance. Send a Stanipfor a i^iianiple
Copy. Address, THOMAS G. NEWMAN,

Cedar Kaiiids, Iowa.

One Copy One Year 75 Cents, or with Lithograph of Apiarv, size 12x16, Mailed Free, Postpaid, $1.00, or Litho-
graph will be sent as a Premium for Two Subscribei-s at 75 cents each.
Any person obtaining Three Subscribers at 75 Cents each, may retain 25 Cents for their trouble.
" Five " '• " " 75 '^ "

" " Ten " " " " 2.50 " "•

Any number above Ten will be sent at the vale of Fifty Cents each.

Names may be sent at any time during the vear, ami whenever a club is reached, we will credil
fjack the amount previously- si-nt us in excess of the Club Rates. In this way anv of tlie

Articles Mentioned on our PRICE LIST may be Secured as "PREMIUMS.

I'lease mention when names are intemled for Clubs. An acknowledirmcnt will be sent in all cases
OB r(;ceipt of money— for any purjiose whatevcr-by return mail. Volumes I, & II, nviv be counted oa
the same terms, as Ave have a

Large Supply of BACK LUMBERS Provided, for new Beginners !

jV^ \vc car.not take the siiac(> in I'uture uiuubers to go over the same ground again, and Vohuue One
coMams tiic entire FunibimenlM! I'rinciiiles and

Gri'oixncl ^^"'ox'li; Tor Stai'ting* an A.piai'j^-

In the Preparation of this Journal the folloicing are the Principal Periodicals Consulted :
AXli!eJL*.i'Ca,ll Sle©^* .JoilK'Jial® Clarke, and Mrs. Inpper.

^©'© W<@]B^l'«ftc*- A, F. Moon <£ Co.

{Also Bound Voliniies of iJic J'onncr since ISGO, ayul Files of aJl other Bee .Toirrnah that have been

Published in Avierica.1

O O ]V T

Foil! Brood 109

T)ii- House Aiiiary 109,113

1 ,1 >,ilinf; Bees 110

Mrikiii}; Colonies of l-oartng Bees Ill

••Katie (rrinim"' Ill

Whaf are Bees Worth y Ill

Our Own Apiary 11^2

When to u?e Smoke 11-2

WorUinjr with Bees hy Lamii-lijrht 11*2

Artilicial Comb Fomnlations IK, 114

Importer! Stock 114

Cieanin}; Honey Jars lU

Feefllnp. ". 114

tjninljy Smoker lU

(^Miceiis, (Queries, otc 1 1-4, 115

-15 %- ' ; >

E IV T S ;

Paae.

(Queens That Cnnnot F!y lU

Queens That ^\'on't Lay Ih") x-oi

Sick Bees W\ W^

Honey Column H'; FR

Ulucose }}';

Honev on Coniinissicm 11"

Sellinsr L'nlVrlile (Jneen'- 117

Out- Door Cellar for Wintering'- His

I'ncoveroa I'.rood Aprain 118

Hiving Bees.... H*'

Sta-'les to Keep Frames at Fi\e<l Distances..] 18

Italinn Bees From a Black (Juecn 119

Fertile Workers .Sgnin 1'2«

Buying Bees in ilii' Fall AV'ithout Comli^ 1^2()

F.xtraAing by >loo7i light 1'2('

u

////////////////

^^z-

ADVERTISERS' TjEPARTJIBXT.

ARTIFICIAL

:ho]^ey comb foundation

.A (41iAND SUGCJKSS.

MAMPACTUEED

ti Iiiclios (or le«s) Aviclt-,

Colls oiio-six-'teoi^tl* TitelT:. rtc'^'P'..

One Dollar per Pound.

JOHN LONG,

Box 6, Station C; MEW YORK CITY.

Artificial Honey Comb Foundations,

/ read in worku on, Bee Culture, tlie fdlowimj :

"To torm one i)oimil of wax, twenty pounds of honey arc reiivdmd.'^—Liebu/:

"Vtirt't'rA rxiieriments ]irove that from' tMrteen to twenty poiTnfrts of honey are reiiiiired' to maTce a single
pound of wax. * * * Many bee-keepers are unaware of the value of em-pty comlis: suppose honey to be-
worth only fifteen cents jier p'ouml, and the ooin-b wheir i-end'erecf into wax to be worth thirty cents, the apia-
rian who melts a pound of comb loses lar.crely by tlie operation. e\^en without estiiuatiut; the tinw his bees have-
consumed in building it. It should tli'erefore bo considerefl a Ifrst princii>le in bee cuUm-e never to m>elt good"
oombs. One povmd of heesvvax uright be made to store twenty pouTids of lioney; and the bee-keeper wouht
gain the difference in value between onepouud of wax, ami' tbe honey which tlie bees consume in makin?: ;t
pound of comb." — Langstroth.

"Wax is not gathered like honey, orijollen, or propolits. If bees could gather it, it woxTld cost them less thai?
it does. They have to manufactuTe it at a very great expense to thenreelves and their owners."— P^'mir/mr.

"Wax is the most expensive article used by the bees. * * Tlie time sjient in constructfng the comb sliould!
also be taken into account, wliicli if occupieif in gatiicring honev. would at this serisou of the vear enable then?
^0 store much morct and making the cost of a pound of comb, effuivfilent to at least twenty-five pounds of hon-
ey. Iliis honey at tweuty-lfve cents a pound, would give irs six dollars and twentv-tivo cents, i>s the cost of a
pound of comb. Good <ombs melted into wax ami taken into market, might In-ing forty cent's a pouniJ. whicii-
deducted fi-om the cost i)rice, would show a loss of five dollars mid eighty-live cents on every pouml of wax
sold. These estimates siiow, that the bee-keepers cannot afford to melt down any ('ombs tlnit can be used to
advantage."— 7i7n.r/.

Impressed initJi, tJie iiivporUuice of cm Artifirlal Comb Foundation, I constnccted a rndddne f&i-
m-Akuifi tTiem, samples ofioldch I mnt 'prmninent apiarians with iJte folloiping resrelt.

Mk. J<xHN Loxo, Dear Sir:— I gub,r.itted your Artili(;ial Comb Foundations to a practical test and found
them acceptable to the bees, and I tlfink are destined tcj entire success. When the bees commence to buih?
their combs only very few (ran work, and it is not until considerable progress has b-oen made that tbev cart
unite their efforts. I filled all ray surplus boxes v,-rth your foundations, liaviu-r i rst bathed thciu with a" solu-
tion of honey and water ; the bt'cs r(i? went to work and the con>bs swelled out as br magic. Its success will-
depend on the price. Kespectfully, Aakon Pennington, N. Y.

Mk. Juns ].(ra(.A Dear Sir: Sr. Johnsville. M.yv ISth, 1875.

The experiments I have tried have proved a sitc;;ess; all that I anticiiiated. 1 have satisfied mvself that the-
Voundation Comb Will pi-ove an acifuisition. Yours, M. i^mnuv.

Mit. John Long : CHEuur X'ai.lev, Mav ;{i>. is75.

'*' * 1 am inclincil ton favorable oixinion of your Foundations, and shall watch the practical
test with great interest, lor if it proves ])ra('ticahle, 1 shall consider it a great acciuisition to the bee business.

Very Truly Yours, J. K HsTHKitiNGTON.

Mr. .John L(/n<. : Des Moines, Iowa,

I have tested your Foundation Combs, and am more than pleased with the result : they are as perfect ai*
<an be. Em.kn S. Tuppek.

•']() QUEENS FOE $30. 13 *^^-^T.S?I''^;iV.t^<?i;Sili;rs. 13

Owing to the failure of the in-i!i(i])al honey llowers,
I haveconcludeil to raise Queens, and will sell un-
tested (Queens, raised from Imiiorteii Mothers, at ft'l
ea(;h, sent by mail. 1 will sell nuclei in full sized
hives containing nine frames, JOxl" inches, with three
combs of brood and bees and "dollar" (,»ueeus for §(!
eai;h, delivered :i.t Exjiress otlice. Can be shiupcd
any time and built up in full colonies.
7-;td II. NE8151T, Cyntlii.ina, Ky.

nuring the month of September we will sen:i!

very liandsonic, large and lu-olilic, for 112.00. All
(.JUEKVS WAKRAXTKI) PURE, AXD SAFIC

ARRIVAL aiTARASTKED BY MAIL.
Any number less than i:! one dollar each.
!) II. ALLEY, Wenham, Essex Co., Mass.

r>E"<;rOTEXD EX:CLTJSI"V-EL^2- TO BEES .A.JSriD HZOlsTE^S^

Vol. III.

SEPTEMBER 1, 1875.

No. IX.

[For Gleanings.]
FOl I. BROOD.

5]J^J[IVE yeai's ago the present season, I was in Xew
wa Jersey; (some aceoiint of this was afterwards
>^i jriven'in .1. B. J.) That season I had fcul brood
to eoritend with : and I now jiropose to tell you how
I managed it. I think it came by the combs being wet
by the drivins rain which soaked the ])onen." and
i-aused it to ferment; thonsh it is possible that I j)ur-
••hased it with bees. I'.e that as it may. I will tell von
how 1 treated it, and. as I believe, eflectnallv curei\ it.
Abont the last of May I discovered a few cells of dead
brood in one of my hives, and soon saw more in other
hives. It did not at first occur to me that it was foul
brood, perhai)s because I hoped it was not. Soon the
increasing: numbers of perforated cells, and putrid
smell around the affected hives, which was much more
intolerable when a hive was opened, left no chance
for a doubt that it was the real, genuine article,
according to all the descriptions I had read.

In opening the hives I sometimes saw bees loading
themselves from the ce'ls containing dead brood, just
the same as if it were honey. I feel very confident that
I maile no mistake in that respect. This is a point
which I do not remember to have ever seen noticetl as
coming under the observation of any other person,
(Mther before or since that time; and on account of
this observation my novel mode of treatment was
i>lanned. I thoughtViuitc likely that a portion of this
dead brood after being sucked from the cells was fed
to the larva\ causing their death of course at a certain
stage of their growth, and that this might be the main
way in which it was propagated after it was once
started.

My treatment consisted of two parts; first, the re-
moval of all the brood and the extracting of all the
honey from aflected hives. Pcrhajjs this last might
not be essential. Second, I introduced comb contain -
inir young larva' which would immediately be fed a'l
the poison the bees had carried with them. When
this comb was capned over, it was removed and bur-
ied before it coidil infect tiie rest. I had not less than
ten and I should think more than lifteen, which were
treated in this way, and all recovered by Sept. I
think an occasional cell was discovered in the early
part of Sept., with a perforated cover, and these were
rut out witli a small knife blade. After Sept., the
disease did not reai)pear, although the bees were kept
right along in the same hives years afterwards. I
hope some of those who are so nrifortunate as to have
fonl brood will deem this method worthy of a trial. I
know it costs something to cut out and bury the brood,
but it costs more to let it stay in until the hive is des-
troyed. That season was the only time I ever had or
Sja\v it. It is not known here in this part of N. H.

J. L. HUBBAKl).

West Chesterfield, X. II.. July 5th, '75.

"We oiin readily. Vtelievu our frieud is ri,i>;lit,
IVoin haviuii- noticed the avidity with wliich
tlie workers suck up llie juices of the larva;
after having cut out Que^-n cells, or uncapped
drone brood as we used to do. If it should
transpire, that removing; the brood alone would
answer without reinovin,2; all tlie honey, it will
be (lUite a saving; in labor.

« Ml the last dav of Mav 1 divided a swarm of bees,
and in 10 days I flivi.led some more so as to get cells
from the first one for Queens. About the middle of
Jnne we had a very hard frost, so hard tliat it froze a
good deal of the brborl. Where there was much of it
I cut it out, and where there was not so much I left it
for the bees to remove, but some of them failed to do

this, and in the course of time it became putrid ; when
I found this was the case I looked them over, and
from tliosc that had only now and then a cell alTected,
I ))ickcd them out with mv knife, but those verv bail,
1 dejiriveil of all their brood.

Now for the result : those that hail onl v a few frozen
ones, got well, and those that had more did also, after
cutting out a second time, but one of them had to be
deprived of all their combs for two days and then
furnislied with emptv combs, and the" are now as
healthy as need be. Von mav doubt that this was tln^
genuine foul-brood, but it su'relv was. for the healthy
brood was mixed all through the rotten mass.

I have always had a dread of foul-brood since I kept
bees, but never saw any before and never wish to see
any again.

A. J. HoovEK, Plymouth. Pa., Aug. 1st, "7.^.

THE HOISE AE'SARY, ETC.

fi WOl'LI) caution you a little about recommending
the introduction of voung (,>ueens in all cases, as
— 1 about two weeks ago, I put 10 such into heavy
stocks, and all were killed. Some were taken directly
from the cells as they hatched, and none, I think',
were more than two hours old; I inserted Queen cells
into two stocks at about the same time also; were in
two days before they hatched, vet they were also
destroyed.

I had quite a time introducing fertile Queens into
those stocks; they killed two. but I believe now I
have a laying Q\ieen in each, though they were with-
out one about two weeks.

I see you have your bee-house in oneration. The
idea that you and Mr. Coe advance, that bees will not
sting in the house is all bosh ; it won't go down. I
have been stung too much in the bce-honse : you have
no strong stocks, no old l)ees in vour lionse vet : wait
till about next July, when you get your "20 frame
hives full; then some day wlien honey is not yielding
much, you go to extracting from hives containing old
hybrids: yon will find they will give von -'nail Co-
lumbia,"—come right in from out-doors to get at you.
I would rather by half handle bees out of doors. I
think less of the bee-house every year I use it. I
might think it a good thing, if 1 did "not have neigh-
bors, who are making box honev on L. hives, witli
about hall the lal)or that I have." Tliev work the h.
hive on the plan described in .4. B. J., page los, pres-
ent Vol., only they use but 8 and !t frames in the brood
chamber, and fill nut one side or both, with a hanging
division board. jMr. Baird started witli ;!n stocks, and
had only 11 that attempted to swarm. Some stocks
have given from 40 to 45 four iionnd boxes to the pres-
ent time; of course all are nor full, but buckwheat is
to come yet, and when it yields well, we average .">(»
lbs. to tlie stock, inchiding new stocks that were.
started early in tlie season. ' Many of these best stocks
haven't more than .'> lbs. honey in the brood chamber.
What more can you ask of bees, when they store all
their surplus in the boxes? Of course some of mine
have done as well, but I would like to ask wliat is the
use of all this extra trouble ami ex|)ense, of bee-house,
"tide I)Ox" hives, etc. ? I have had but K! out <of iii
that have not attempted to swarm.

You S])eak in July No., of those who recommend
packing for winiei-, and advise them to go slow; now
I don't consider jiacking absolutely necessary for
winter, but if you want to carry your bees through
such a severe spring as the last", and not have them
dwindle, I know of no way to do it so certainly, as to
pack them in the w.-iy I described, and i>ot disturb
in the spring any more than enough to jirove that
they have everytliing in good order. It taltcs no long-
er to jjack them in the fall, and the iiacking does no
harm through the winter, and inay be a great benefit.

110

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE

Sept.

if there should be much chaii;;cable wcatlier. The lirst.
wann weather in May, the loth or '2Uth as it may be.
j^-o at them "hammer and tougs," and get their
sM^mbs full as soon as possible, handle every day if
\iecessary, ami not less than twice a \veelv ; e(iualize
brood, get all strong bv the time the yield comes; gut
the S or 'J frames so^packed with brood, that when the
honey comes ii must go into the boxes. Then when
they commence in the boxes, handle no more brood
iinlL'Ss they swarm out.

J. 1^. MoouE, Ijinghampton, N. Y., Aug., 3d '7J

Are you not a little velienieut, fricud M. V
We, at least, did not meau to say bees would
not sting in the house Apiary, but bless your
heart, you don't mean to say they will stini,^
wheu the outer glass doors arc shut V Rvbberts
\-ery frequently ?r?/ to follow us as they often do
follow a person out of doors; but as soon as
they llud themselves imprisoned they imiitedi-
ateiy devote themselves to trying to get Lhro'
the glass ; and whether it rains or shines we
cut out brood, open hives and do whatever we
please, regardless of robbers or anything else.

It seem? that your hives cannot be Uke ours,
or you would not speak of "less trouble"; does
it not lessen labor to (Mspsnsc 2)c?'ma,nentli/ with
all covers and one side of all the hives V The
very plan you refer to, it seems to us, will ans-
wer beautifully in the house, and by swinging
open the large" doors we can at any time be ai-
most lis much out of doors as if we had no house.

If it should ever be decided that it is safe to
undertake wintering bees out of doors, we ad-
jnit the house to be an expense ; but if you are
going to build a wintering house or cellar, and
hives besides, the expense is undeniably in fa-
vor of building them all in one. Again, how
lyin bees possibly ))e packed for spring at so lit
tie e.Kpense, and at the same time receive all th'
l)enefit of the collective warmth of so many col-
onies, as in the liouse Apiary, where they can
fly av pleasure in any season, should a suitable
day oiler V We are very much obliged for your
kind hints in regard to getting box honey, and
hope to profit by them.

I want a house to winter in, and And by making it 8
!5'iuare with snace fur two tiers of lour hives each,
the saving of lumber in 48 liives over the hives for
out-doors, will make the house; aiji inclined to try
file cxiieriment. Have tried luucliing C^ueens in the
iaiai) nursery, anil have succeeiled linely ; 1 find it the
(_asiest wav iiatehing and introducing.

J. ii. Keelek, Carlinville, Ills.

Xcxt season I .shall establish another Apiary, and as
ii must be C miles away irom iiome, (next station on
tile II. Jl.), I am thinking strongly of u "house Apia-
ry.-' 1 lliiulc now 1 should build square, for corners
cost more than lumber, in this "wooden country." 1
iV.vor 1 foiit walls, only just in front of the hives;
tliere. l inches, and soine" tins fixed around each en-
trance to keep my eliijped ijueeii in tlie liive during
swarming time, a ia J^angstroth and (Juinbj'. 1 sliail
;irrange exclusively for eo«il> honey.

Jamks IIeduon, DoAvagiac, Mich.

A'v'e do not think 6 miles necessary ; after ta-
king considerable pains, we have satisfied onr-
self that our liees seldom work more than 1}.,
miles from home, and we shall start another
house Apiary 2/^ ifiilcs from liome next season
as soon as we ascertain that the house will w'iu-
ter them as successfully as it answers for oth-
er purposes. Our objection to having it square
is that the bees are not so easily driven out.

As ours is, the walls always present an inclin-
ed plane toward the doors, oli'ering every in-
ducement to them to "slide out" ; if large doors
were put directly in opposite corners of a square
house, it might do equally well ;but then you

would have so many hives in a straight row
that tJie bees and Queens woitld not so readily
hnd their owi: hives. We are inclined to tliink
now that not a Queen lias been lost in making
her In-idal trip. Of the 18 on the south side not
one has been lost at all from any cause. The
4 in. walls with the dead air space*, we think,
will keep out more frost than 1 ft. saw dust
walls. The contracted entrances, we believe,
only result in Itaving the old Queens killed ; it
was a long time ago that Mr. L. thought they
might be a success. We think the house must
prove very desirable for comb honey, on ac-
count of tiie very warm and even temperature ;
a very little feeding keeping up comb-building,
no matter lnow cool the nights may be.

XOVICE:--In 1SG2, during the war in Dixie, I v/as
ordered to liichmond, Va. ; while on my way home, i
stoi)ped over, for a day, at a little station near Atlan-
ta, Ga. ; the hotel-keeper had some line honey on the
table, anil being a bee man, I was at once interested.
I asked him to let me look at his Apiary ; he shewed
nie a liouse about 10 feet high, with about 1(5 sides ;
each side was divided into 4 spaces or squares, each
scpiare painted with ditl'erent colors, and at the en-
trixnces to the hives there were steps about G inches
wide. On going inside, the hives were ranged ou
shelves 4 high, ilie hives wera about the size of the
Simplicity two story ; the upper story was 3 sections,
or .i large" frames, lower story, same as a box hive,
witli a lixed honey board, and a '2 inch hole, going
into eaeli section; after sliowiug nic the arrangemenr
of the hives, he closed the door,— all was then dark-
removed a section, carried it to a little trap d.oor, ami
Ijlaced it on a shelf, opened the tra)) door, blew some
cigar smoke on the bees, and in a lew minutes all of
the bees were gone. This mode of keeping bees was
a great surprise to me, and 1 was delighted with it.
It was my intention to build a ]iouse of the same kind
on a small scale, to test it, but my profession pre-
venteil my doing so, but 1 intend it next year when I
quit the city, and go on my farm ; but 1 presume you
will have tested it oy iliat time. So > our idea is thir-
teen years old to my knowledge; tliis liotel-keeper was
the "King bee man'' in that" country, as he never lost
bees, and raised plenty of honey.

A. J. MfiiKAY, Memphis, Tenn.

I.<»AFll^«i BEES.

BV A. ('. KENDALT., OF FIKM OF 15. H. STAIK A: CO.

^rr"!;. NOVICE, Dear Sir:— lu Gleanings lor Aug.
WM\ ^^'*^ notice you thought bees hanging out were
^?^, v.'asting time ; this is the very subject we have
been wishing for several months to vvrite to you about.
You inobablv remember we are a bee-keeper on a
small scale, having only .'j to (i swarms, and our lot be-
ing cast in the city of Cleveland we have not been
able to increase, as the colonies are kept weak by the
members- going away to the many allurements and
temptations of city life, by getting into coniectioners'
stores, etc., where their exit is not always certain.

Years ago when our little farm, which is now in the
heart of the city, was in the suburbs, as we then tho't,
our 5 to Ii colonies gave us about S4(i. v/orth annually
of beautiful white box honey in excess of what we,
with the assistance of our friends, could eat. At that
time we observed a large lot of bees hanging out a;
one of our strong swarms, and having half an hour
leisure, we watched them closely and came to iJie
same conclusion that you did, that they were idling
away their time when the harvest was ripe; besiiles
this we saw that many bees coming in laden with
honey were Intercepted outside, and they would kinu-
!v give u)) their earnings to these idlers, all this loo
wliilst the boxes were empty ; we thought "here m\
boys, this will not do, no use in fooling away your
time in this way, at the end of June."' We got a dust
pan and turkey's wing, which laller, by the way, is
not a tool to be desiJised, look the cover olV their
Langstroth hive, took the glass out of the ends ot the
two large -JO )b. boxes, brushed the cluster ou to the
dust i)a'n and poured them into the empty boxes ; in
three davs all the combs were started, and in about
ten davs" the boxes were full ami sealed.

We think if vou had lilled your second story with
empty combs or frames, and jioured these idlers in,
they vvould have gone to work readily.

Cleveland, O., Aug. 7lh, "75.

is:

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

Ill

Just the point oxactlj', but iu our case the
opper story was full of boos too, and after we
hal earried enouiih away to make a uood eol-
ouy still they hunu; out. As there was no hon-
eylo be ijatliered or at least very little, they
were perhaps somewhat more exeusable, !)ut
it is our opinion that a surplus of bees ean al-
ways be jirolltably kept busy at somethiui;,
and this is the way we do it. Now these re-
marks are intended for every one of our read-
ers who have bei's loafin.u- on the outside of the
hives when this number reaehes them. To l)e
sure we eanuot set them to liathering honey
when there is none, but we can raise bees which
just now briujt;: money full as readily as
lioncy ; and whenever a s^ood colony of bees
can be sold for $^).(\0, we think it will pay well
to raise them durinjr the warm months of the
yea'r even if we have to feed daily to do it.

As robbing is the ijreat evil to avoid at such
times, we will work a little dilierer.tly from the
plan iiiven on jiaire ST. Go to any colony having
t)ees on the outside of the hive, and after hav-
ing frightened them with a little smoke, brush
all these outsiders gently on the ground with
a quill ; now ({Uickly remove the hive before
they have time to crawl back again, and put
another in its stead.

If you have empty combs with which to fur-
nish this new hive, the work is very quickly
done, for we have only to give them a small
piece of brood from our imported or choice col-
ony, and the work is done — no robbers being-
able to gain an entrance, for they are at home,
and neither can any trouble the parent stock,
for they are always full of brood and bees, be-
fore they begin to hang out.

In case you have no surplus combs, you
should start the colonj^ much earlier, say iu
July or August ; it seems very probable that
the Comb Foundations would be a. great aid,
and we hope to report the result of some such
(xperiments before we go to press. Now
about the feeding: keep your brood or Queen
cells to the south side of the hive, and the
Universal feeder to the north side. You mt/i^t
tix the quilt so that no bees can get above it,
and get into the feed from above. Also, you
must get duck for them like the sample that we
furnish ; common sheeting will do for a little
wliile, but they soon gnaw through it, aud this
makes trouble.

When the Qiieeu gets to laying if you should
lind that any of them have too few bees to care
for the brood, you of course must give them
frames of lu'ood — no bees — from such as can
spare it. Wliile w^e would give every colony a
piece of clioice brood (ind no oilier, we would
also give them Queen cells as soon as we had
them. Should they tear down these cells, or
any other accident happen to them, they will
always have this Ijrood to fall back on. and all
cells built will be good ones, if we waut to use
them.

"KATIE CiKIBI.^I."

M'K. A. I. HOOT, Dear Sir:-It seems as though
many doubt j-et t'nat I could extract so much
honey in so short a time, a;i'1 I blame no one
lor doubting:. I believe it would seem strange to mc
if I had not done it myself". I hardly think the ex-
tractor or myself deserves credit ;is inuch as mv dear
little bees, and the pood honey season do. 5ly ex-
tractor was similar to the Chaimian's improved lioney
Kx tractor, it was four cornered iu'stead of round, anil

helil (pute a lot of honey in it below, so that I could
extract two full double hives without stoiipinjr lo lake
the honey out of the m:ichlne. It is not ro lijn-d tu dii
as you jierliaps ihiiik it is, and were 1 where 1 was
then, and had everything: just like then, it wou'd jtive
me great pleasure to do the same work over.

Bees do not lind much honey in the basswood licre,
they work more at white clover, basswood is nothinj?
in comparison to what it was at Jelferson.

Yours resi)ectfully. Mits. 11. Gieseleu.

(ireen Bay, Wis., July -JOth. '7.5.

We feel quite sure, Mrs. G., that no one
doubts your plain honest statement, unless it
be that class who are in the habit of judging
others by themselves, and perhaps they have
never felt the real jileasure of develoj/ing all
the latent strength and energy that they never
knew they jwssessed, until some praise-worthy
undertaking had called it out.

To our new readers we would say that in the
year "?"!, our friend "Katie', alone and unaided,
extracted 10 bbls. of honey iu a little more than
2 wcjeks, and two barrels iu one day on one oc-
casion. See -1. B. J. for 1871, page 5o.

Now although this was done with a station-
ary can extractor, she was obliged to empty it
every little while, and this :i.H alone ; and 'we
wish lo say here that we would under no cir-
cumstances be obliged to ytop work to pour out
the honey. Besides, if it is run directly into
the barrels as fast as extracted, there is no ne-
cessity of making our cans so deep ; therefore,
we can easily have tlieni small enough to stand
over a barrel or anything else convenient, aud
they are also much lighter and easier to han-
dle. It will be observed that the lower priced
machines in our list are of this description.

^VHAT IS A S1VAI«I?I[ OF BEES "W'ORTH ?

1

OLLAR Queens are fully established aud
l' are proving a great blessing to thousands,
and now the principal want is bees, for a small
amount of money, to go with them. On page 4,
Vol. 2, we considered tliis matter, but since
tlien we think we can raise bees a little cheap-
er. We believe the price on Queens is pret-
ty well agreed upon, viz., |1.00 for untested
fertile Queen from imported motlier, and ?3.0()
for the same tested. Well we can build up a
colony with safety from two combs tilled with
brood, and covered with l)ees ; and the express
charges are verj' mucli less on them than on a
whole colony. Who will furnish them tlie
cheapest ? The empty combs can be furnished
with the aid of tlie foundations — even if we
liavc to feed to get them made — safely for 50c.
each, and then comes the great point to decide
what the bees and brood ai-e worth. If we
have to feed to get them it nniy cost altogether,
50c. per comb more, so that we start out with
the estinuite that a comb tilled with brood and
covered with bees is worth sl.OO. Now if we
put a test(Hl Queen with these two combs, we
have $!5.00 for the nucleus, or §i].00ifforan
imtested Queen. As it is some trouble to pre-
pare these for shij^ping, we will say .'?1.00raore
on each, unless 5 or more are taken at one time.
We need hardly add tliat thesi' nuclei are very
much safer iu the hands of new beginners, than
Queens that are to be introduced, for we have
many times felt that some who send olVand get
Queens are so utterly uninformed in regard to
the habits of bees, that it would be almost a
miracle if they were not lost, \rhcri as these nu-
clei would be comparatively x'lfc with them.

112

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

Sept.

OI R OWyi APIARV.

A

UGU8T Ttli. — You can readily iinauine
i£^ that after our last, we very soon again
made tlic trial of handling bees by lamp light,
and have been most agreeably surprised to tiucl
that hives can be overhauled. Queens hunted,
com.bs inspected tor eggs, etc., etc., and in fact
it really seiems as if those whose occupations
demand all their time during the day, might
give their pets all needful attentions, almo.si,
after dark. Tiie lesson we had in robbing
ought to last us some time, and we must re-
1-eat what we have befoi'e said, that it seems to
us that nothing in the world has so much to
do with the danger of getting stting, as letting
()ce,s get a taste of stolen sweets from other
hives. There is one feature in subduing bees
tiiat we do, not remember to have seen men-
tioned. To illustrate : yesterday we found on
going into the Apiary that our Quinby smoker
had been left up street, but as it was desirable
to see if some Queens had commenced laying,
we concluded to try to get along without it,
even though the bees were very cross indeed
Avlien last handled. The tirst colony opened
seemed so perfectlj- gentle that we were most
agreeably disappointed, and proceeded to opeu
(juite a number with the same result, until we
came to one that had only a few daj'S previous
resisted the combined ett'orts of both Mrs. N.
and ourself. Imagine our surprise at finding
them so gentle that we actually took the frame
containing the Queen and carried it into the
liouse, Mrs. N. hardly crediting our assertion
tliat this was the selfsame colony that wotild
not be quieted, even with the Quinby smoker.
Now this is nothing especially new, for we
Jiave several times observed the same thing in
t!ie fall of tlR' year, that bees can at times be
handled much better without smoke than with
it. Of course we must work slov.dy and be
gentle with tjiem, and should anything occur
to rouse their combativeness, it nuiy be neces-
sary to use smoke to drive them l)ack, but the
idea is that if you can get along without a
'■regular tussle" to see who is master, it is
much the better way. There are times when
it seems that smoke only arouses their vindic-
tiveness, and keeps them down among the
combs only so long as we keep a regular stream
of smoke playing on thein, and woe betide you
if you happen to stop until they should gain
tlie ascendency. Perhaps the better way will
l>e to light your smoker, and liave it all in nice
trim, near ])y, then handle them without smoke
if you can.

Avg. Wi — Wi; cannot remember that we ever
before had more bees than we knew what to
do with, they now hang in great clusters on
the fronts of the hives, sometimes even a peck
or more, and we have had (luite a time in get-
ting these "loafer.s" to go to work. Taking
away a part of their l)rood does not seem to
answer always, and in fact takingwfZ/ the brood
does not always start them into the hive where
they belong, but moving the hive entirely
away, and giving them only empty combs with
some brood, without their Queen seems to have
the desired effect at once. Of course we have
no lioney coming in now, at least none of any
accounr, and here comes in something a little
strange. We have one colony that has for 'S

years i)ast invariably gathered honey when
others were doing almost nothing; so well
have we become accustomed to tliis, that we
have learned to expect it, and a few days ago
took all their combs away, giving nothing but
dry combs, and tliese only partiallj- built tlown
at that, but to-da\- they have actually, besides
building some comb, tilled four combs with
sealed brood. To be sure they have scarcely
a spoonful of honey in the hive, but yet they
must have gathered consideralile from some
source. Now as the suspended hive, as well
as nearly all the rest, are not gaining an ounce,
are we not correct in thinking these bees extra
laborers? They are hybrids, and although as
nice to handle as need be during a yield of
honey, they are now perfect little "heathens"
to sting, probably thinking they have had all
the indignities at our hands, since taking their
combs away, that they are going to endure.
By careful watching we have discovered how
they get honey when others do not ; very early
in the morning when no other bees are stirring
these arc found quite busy ; at present they are
working on the pumpkin, cucumber, and mel-
on vines, etc., and perhaps they get some bj'
robbing, which may account for some of their
crossness. We have reared three Queens from
this colony, and if their progeny show the
same peculiarity, we shall think them an ac-
quisition.

The house Apiary is doing very well so far,
but it were no more than fair to state that
three of the young Queens hatched in the lam])
nursery, were found with bad wings ; whetlier
this wa^ caused by their mode of hatching, we
are unable to say, no such ditllcnlty was no-
ticed last season. Five more of the o(5 were
lost in fertilization, but as the weather has
been (xtrciaely bad, perhaps this is not to be
wondered at.

Aug. lOili — We observe that the colonies in
the house Ai)iary are much the busiest carry-
ing in pollen, while those outside seem most
eager for honey. The reason is pi'obably that
owing to ou method of making colonies those
in doors have plenty of honey and ikj pollen,
while out doors it is just the reverse, and the
very heavy colonies outside that have an abun-
dance of both honey and pollen are very much
inclined to do nothing at all. Colonies left
alone on the old fashioned plan, really spend
months in doing nothing, while new swarms
started on the plan we have given work with
the most cominerdable tliligence in bringing
honey and pollen to build themselves up. Now
we believe that successful wintering depends
much upon keeping all hands actively employ-
ed during the entire summer and fall ; bj'' far
our best stocks this spring were those kept so
employed last season. Ou this account an in-
crease of colonies after the main honey season
is over, is more desirable than otherwise, but
the matter must have careful attention, and if
they cannot gathe.i enough honey to build up,
they of course must be fed. Pollen they' usu-
ally find, we believe, when they want it ; but
if they do not they will use the rye meal even
in the fall, as our experiments of last fall
showed ; but do not for a moment lose sight of
the great fundamental rule, to make all strong
at whatever cost. Ik't as many bees in each
as can crowd into a 10 frame hive.

P875

<iLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

\Va

It Jiiay not be known to all our readers that
■'>ois will not di-owu in -a iVoiU-r wliei'O the
.-.siiles are not more than one-hall" ineh ^ipart, in
:'aet there is hut little danijer where they are
•even an iiK-h oi" nwre, it' the sides are roui^h so
the beet? do !K)t slip. .Xow we will tell vou of,
a pretty little eicperinjent that we have jusi
l>een luakins:; in anakiny,' one of oiu- new colo-
nies we inadvertently pl<ice<l a brood conil)
next the sjktss <l:vi*k)n biuuxl, and also lelt a
space between the ti\vo hir<;c enoiiiih I'or a
■ronili. When the younu' Queen became textile
the very nicest thinix to do, '-of course," was to
start a tiny white cocnb. Xow ^is no hojiev
was coinin-a: in, thi^ could not continue \<>uix,
but for the beneJlt of '-Ijlue eyes" ^iud the rest
^)tthe children we ina<Ie a teod-er by pliiciuir a
tin trou4>-k a little longer than the frame, 1'*;;
inches wide and alx)Ut 2"., deep, so placed that
the iiottoni bar of the frame luin.'i.- directly in
it. This you will observe was all close to the
i^lass, riij;ht iu front of the '-spectators" in tact,
and tije way these bei^utiful rejiular worker-
combs do iirow, is truly worth witnessin;^,
A'ven with a V'cry small amount. of t^eed. Du-
ring the }>ast rainy weather wc hardly know
'.low we should have contented ourselves had
it not l)een for the "house Apiary."

Aiiff. 24th — But it wo"ld jnst do you all gooil
to see how the house Apiary works with the
■comb foundations. You see we have had some
very wet, cool weather, and the l)ees out doors
iiave ceased operations of all kinds, yet by
"eedms:, and with tlie aid siveu by the lamp
nursery in the way of an even temperature of
•about 75 desrrces. we are enabled to push along
')rood-rearing with a speed and certainty that
is truly soothing to the feelings of one who has
worked so long for the accomplishment of this
very i)oint, viz , being enabled to work inde-
pemix'ut of the caprices of the weather.

We procured 10 lbs. of the foundations, and
by the way 3Ir. Long strangely forgets how
rloseh" we bee-keepers are obliged to econo-
'.nize, when he sends the above (juantity by ex-
press in tsro separate packages. Again, one of
our readers sent him §1-00, ordering it to be
sent by mail ; instead of doing this he sent it
by express at an expense ofJt'l.oO; whereas the
whole expense by mail Vould not have excecd-
«'d *20c ; we presume it was the duty of our
friend to have remitted the 20c for postage,
with the «1.00. We mention this that thought-
less people may avoid giving themselves and
friends needless trouble and expense in future.

Now in regard to the foundations: we have
made several very careful exi)erimeuts, and we
•ire Avell satisfied that the bees will raise the
most beautiful light combs in much less time
than it takes them to build new, and what is
still more important is that they make the en-
tire comb from the material furnished in the
foundations. We determined this by giving
them a comb or sheet made of two different
I'ieces, one of white and one of yellow Avax;
the cells wdien raised to their full length were
of the color of the original foundations clear to
the top. The white sheets furnished by Mv. L.
are raised into combs of a delicacy, whiteness,
ami beauty that make the finest specimens of
comb made by the bees look cheap and aAvk-
ward when compared to it.

Just imagine yourself a visitor, invited into

the house Apiary ; as we raise the <|Uilt cover-
ing the glass (.iivision Ijoarils you will see
the liees so intent on their work that they do
not seem inclined to pay the lea^^'t attention Xo
our interrujitifin, and we may even uncover
the top, and lift out the combs, if we move
back the glas^s side a little, and work gently,
without a single bee leaving the combs, and
perhaps we nuiy also see tin- Queen continue
to deposit eggs while the comb is held up for
insiiection. Jn fact they heJiave just as you
have seen them in -Inne, although should we
try to do the same thing ontsiiie, we should
be beset by robbers at once. The secret is,
that we have just sucJi a temperature for com!>
building as we wish, they are supplied with
fo<xl just al)out as they get it naturally, and no
robber can by any po.ssibility annoy either
ourselves or the bees during any f>f the neces-
sary operations ot opening tlie hives, leeding.
hunting Queens or eggs, etc., etc.

Now all this is "done during weather in
which the bees can fiy outside, and to lie frank,
we really know of no" way iu which they could
be handled thus, in cold weather, tor w hen the
glass doors are shut we always have more or
less ))ees collecting on these windows, that are
to l)e released and allowed to go nonie — to
their own "auger holes" — as soon as we open
the tloors to g-o out. It is our opinion that
bees should not be handled in a house Apiary,
only w^hen the weather is such that they ctw
go home. Of course a )K?e could tly such a
short distance to its home, even in rather cool
weather.

Notwithstanding all we are .siiyiug in favor
of this house, we hope no one will go to in-
vesting largely in it until we have given it at
least a trial for one whole year. It may turn
out like the "glass house" before next June,
and we haven't forgotten the mouey that that
cost ; does any body want to buy some hot-
bed sash ver^- cheap V

About 10 days ago we thought we had better
have a few more Queen cells for emergencies,
and to get bees we lifted an empty story from
one of the two-story hives. As the ([Uilt had
been put down hastily, we found a quart or
two of bees lolling on the inner sides of this
hive. They were "all carried carefully to the
new stand and then some combs were
taken from two other hives, these also covered
with bees, thus having bees from three ditlerent
stocks- Nothing was given them but a small
piece of brood such as we send by mail for SHc.
yet they hmltiiPenty-foiu-hirgQtiui^ Queen cells,
and large fine Queens are now h.atching from
them iu the nursery.

Is it not true that by taking bees from sever-
al hives we get more and finer Queen cells V

It is of no use to write to us for Queens, we
cannot undertake this in addition to our other
duties. We tell of what we have done only to
show how easy it all is; couUl you see the
heap of unansw'ered letters on our table this
minute, you would not wonder that we fear to
assume more responsibilities.

Ang. 2Wi—\\g purchased an imported
Queen of Dadant about the middle of June ;
only gave her 4 combs of hatching brood to
"set up house-keeping Avith." Well, she soon
filled her hive, and Avhen Ave started the house
Apiary Ave divided the colony and put iier iu

114

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

Sept.

the house, so that we eould sell pieces of brood
without opeuiuy the hives iu the rain — it
laius every dciy thin summer, here. Now, not-
withstaucUnii- vre have cut out nearly all the
l)rood sold from this colony — she has always
seemed to have more to spare than the other,
and besides, her (Queens are lighter colored,
but this last is pernaps an accidental quiility,
— she has so tilled her 10 frames with bees that
they need more room, and what do you suppose
we are going to do ":' We are going to put over
tiie colony some of those nice boxes, made all
of glass and tin, and pnt in guide combs of the
new foundations, and see how the foundations
aro going to answer f(jr box honey. We liave
never fed this colony until (juite lately, but
v/e now propose to give them a chance. The
feeder used will be the tin trough, made wide
euongh for 'three frames to hang in it. Were
it not for the inconvenience of tilling this, we
might thinlv it in danger of superseding the
Universal feeder, but with the movable sule as
we have the hives in the house Apiary, this
oi))ection is partially remedied. By taking a
little trouble to fix the hives for it, it may be
the most desirable feeder after all.

Auff. 2(ith. — Thirteen Queens hatched last
night in the nursery, and the funniest part of
it is, that ten of them were running around to-
gether, sometimes clustering like bees, yet not
a Queen v/as injured iu the least. The only
way we can account for this at all is, that there
were uo worker bees present. If you think
these Queens were not strong and lively, you
should have seen them run when we attempted
to catch them in order to cage them.

Aiig. 28th. — Our Apiary is now composed of
107 col — beg panlon, hives with bees in 'em.
We are perfectly well awai'e that it is very
poor economy to make colonies, and then have
a large per cent of them die before another sea-
son, but the Queens /r on Id hatch, and the bees
would increase so their hives wouldn't hold
them, and because we pitied (V) them we have
made the above increase. We intend to select
the best Queens, and unite them down to 100
or less.

Gleanings in Bee Culture,

JPiablisIicd Woiatlily,

-A.. X. E,OOT_
EDITOR AND PROPRIETOR

MEDINA, OHIO.

iforjiits : 7'-"5t!. I*er Aiumiii.

[fncludiiKj Postage.]
For Club Bates see Last Page.

iva:EiDinsr.A-, seipt. i, ists.

ir any man will do liis will, hu shall know ol' llio
(loctiiuo, whether it be of God, or whether I spuak of
uiyseir.— John, vli, 17.

FuiKNJ) Miith gave (Urections for cleaning lioncy
jar.s with sal-soila anil shot ; our compositor got the
last article "salt."

Now is the time to feed for winter if an)- sucli work
is to be done. Bee.s 7imst be got in condition so that
they can be let alone when frosty w'eather comes.

Tn(^sE who are still fussing willi moth-miller.^
should compare the letter on i)age 105, with the one
from tlie same gentleman on page 117 of this number.
His experience is only one among thousands of simi-
lar cases.

Tkn cents jiostage must be paid on (Queens and all
implements etc., going to Canada, and tlie weight
must not exceed 8 oz. Tlie jJOotage on letters, papers
and books, are the same as our rates, but merchandise
is as above.

Some one of our number wrote that if a small hole be
puncheil in tlie lower end of the (^uinby smoker to let
in air, the tire would not go out so i-eadily ; since our
own has got "rickety." it does not trouble iis as it for-
merly did, iu that way.

A sifDBEX flocd of honey— in some cases the lirst
of tlie season— has come to our Western friends, and
now they are writing to know what they shall do
when the combs are all full, and the honey too thin to
extract. Give them a larger hive and more empty
con\bs, and see page 90.

I'Eun.^i'S aomc of our correspondents will rejoice to
know tliat we liave procured a Type- Writer, and that
hereafter all that we attemj)! to say on postals, will be
printed. AVe have not yet decided whether to hitch
it to the "wind-mill," but it will have to stand some
"wear and tear," at all events. It cost 1125.00.

Mil. W. W. Martin, Catlin, Vermillion Co., Ills.,
has been purchasing Sl.oo Queens and selling them as
tested at six dollars each. Much is due friend Nesbit,
of Cynthiana, Ky., for ferreting out the fraud, as he
thereby loses what might have been a iirotitable cus-
tomer. It will probably pay the bee-keepers in Mr.
Martin's neighborhood, to take a Bee Journal.

On another column we have stated pretty positively
that bees never start (^Uuien cells when they have a
Queen, but to-day we found a whole cluster of cells
where we had put a Queen yesterday. As we were
about to put in another (iueen, we observed the for-
mer one striding over the half made cells very mncli
as if she had a deep interest iu the proceedings. Our
opinion is that they had not yet noticed she was a
Queen, as slie was put in when "newly hatche<l.

Fkiesi) Marvin, of St. Charles, Ills., hasn't given uj)
bees by any means, and he now reports such an enor-
mous crop that there would hardly have been room
for it in the lioney column, had it been in time.
Should we give the number of tons, everybody would
be moving there, as they are to Point Coupee, La..
since Parian ge reported iii tlie liee World, that he had
got u)) to his 49th barrel— .")00 lbs. each— and that he
had not got through yet. Who makes the next great
Se,nsation ?

The cheapest way to send the comb foundations,
where less than 5 lbs. is wanted, in general, will be
by mail. Will not Mr. Long make some such ar-
rangement to save our friends such expensive express
charges ? Again, it is iinite a task to piece them
together to till our frames ; we vuist have them made
so that a single sheet wilHill a frame. Our plan of
fastening them in the frames is to cut a board to tit
iiicel\' inside the frame, and then to nail stojis on the
edge "so that it will just go into the frame half way.
I-ii3' on your wax sheets and run a hot iron arountl
the eilge, and it is fastened exactly as we want it.
The bees always bulge the combs'iu an undesirable!
way where the joints in (lie sheets occur.

Ql'EEN.S, ltB'KKIES,.lETC!.

[^>>']|nL Queen from Dadant is dark, hut I like her
jS|[ very mucli ; her daughters are very prolific. It
^r^ is fun to take out the comb ijhe is oil, and see her
lay eggs as if there was nothing wrong. She is very
quiet on the combs, just the kind I wanted. The

IDE"VOTEID E22:CIL.TJSI"VE3L.^5r TO BEES .A^lsriD KCOlsTE^X'

Vol. III.

SUPPLEMENT -SEPT. 1, 1875.

No. IX.

ANOTHER SUPPI^EMElVr.

W^,0 j'Oii ask what for, dear friends V Well,
• A^Jl prineipally because we want to have a
"biu; talk" ajjain, hut not all on that account,
either, but because we think what we have to
say may help you some. You just be quiet a
minute, and we will get down to the matter by
and by.

Do most of you remember the red wooden
balls with rubbers tied to them, that juveniles
used to think such rare playthings a few years
ago V Well, when they lirst came around they
used to sell for 2oc., then for 1."), and Anally for
10 cents. About this time we discovered that
we could get them by the gross for 3'.j cents,
and proposed that they could be sold for only
oc. ; the objection was raised that l^v, cents
would not pay the expense of showing them,
etc., but we carried our point, and no adverti-
sing was needed, for every urchin "spun" home
with his ball and the joyful news, something
like this :

"Oh mother ! iiiotlier ! just see ; and it onlj'
cost Jive cents!"

Sister must have one too, and liUk brother
likewise of course, ahd the sparkling eyes and
screams of delight wei'e almost ample compen-
sation, even if we had not made a cent on the
speculation, but the beauty of it was that we
sold several gross, almost as fast as we could
hand them out.

Now, we felt then very much as we feel now
when we get a letter like the following, from
one of our readers who had a "desperate," hard
time in getting |10. to send for an extractor
that he needed badly. His frame ha])pened to
work nicely in the Standard, so we wrote back
to him that there was f 1.00 balance remaining
in his favor ; as it happened, he had been won
dering how he might get just one more dollar
for an Italian Queen, and when we handed it
to a neighbor to send him one, he wrote as
follows :

I got the extractor all right, and extracteil between
one and two hundred Ibp. to-daj-. It works like a
charm, better than I expected. It runs faster than I
thought, full as fast a« Abbott's, of Wakenian ; his
has no arm in to hold the shaft linn, but the bottom is
stronger, with a strainer all over it, so the honey
needs no straining as it docs with yours, but Abbot's
costs almost double what yours does. Your knife is a
"cli))i)er," could be no better unless a longer blade
would improve it. The charges were not so much as
I exi)ectcd, 75 cts. only, 35 from Medina to (Meveland,
and 40 from Cleveland to Kingsville.

If you should have a (^ueen sent me, have it sent by
mail, as the exjiress oilUie is V>;^ miles oJf. The honey
harvest is not mucli just now : has been very good and
bees have done well where there were any left after
the April freeze; am well i)leased with GLEANiNcis,
shall get back volumes as soon as I can, they must be

worth five times what chey cost. Lewis Coon.

Monroe Centre, Ashtabula Co., <>., July 28th, '77.

We probably shall not l)e able to sell ex-
tractors for five cents, nor for live dollars, but
we are going to try to see liow well we can do.
even if there seems l)ut little ])ossibilit> of in-
ducing even beginners to commence with one
standard frame. As the business enlarges and
increases, several new points begin to develop
themselves, and one important one is that all
machines to work to the best advantage, should
be so made that the frame may hang in them
just as it hangs in the hive, if we except tht-
L. and Q. frames, and all having a length un-
der the top bar greater than 14 inches. It
may be impossible for us to give all the rea-
sons for this now, butVve hope you will take
our word for it when we say there are very
good reasons for standing a frame on end in
the extractors when the length is much great-
er than the depth.

IIIAGKAM OF PRINCIPAL FRAMES IN USE.

Qliinhv.

Standakd.

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

Sept.

We present to you again the diagrams of the
principal frames in use, that we ma}' better de-
.scribe the dilforent extractors we have been
obliged to malce, to accomodate all our friends
to the besr, advantage, and at the least expense.

We have l)efore explained that we liave our
castings made to lit two ditferentl\' sized cans,
viz., 17 and 21) inciies, and we will now further
state that we make the cans also, of two differ-
ent heights. To work nicely, the frame needs
al)oat the same amount of room to liang in the
extractor, that it lias in the hive; and to do
this there seems to l)e no other way than to
make every extractor to tit the hive it is inten-
tlett for. Of course you can use them other-
wise, but we are well satisfied that the cum-
brous machines now in use are many of them
destined to be soon laid aside for the more
modern kind. The following table is for the
convenience of those ordering machines, and
is intended to enable any one to decide for
himself exactly what he can use to the best
advantage.

Prloo List of IilJxit raotox's.

[Tlie figures in the parenthesis, just before the
prices, give the exact inside widtli of the revolving
frame of the extractor, in inchcu.]
'S().\. For tlie Gallup frame, or any frame UK

iaciies wide ami not more than 1'2>^ deep... (12) S8.50
Xo. 2. For the American frame, or any one 12

inches wide and not more than 12)2 deep.. (12 i,) S.7o
Xo. o. For any frame I2J2 inches wide and not

more than l-Z'i deep (13) '.i.OO

No. 4. Standard E.\tractor. for any frame 13 ?4

wide arid not more than V2.H deep (14 it ) 9.00

The above are all in sliallow cans, 17>-2 inches high,
and are very convenient for i)lacing at sucli a heiglit
as to allow of running the honey direcrtly into tlie bar-
rel or anj' other receptacle, and still not be too high
for any one to work conveniently. The following
luuubers can also be used in the same way, unless the
operator is short in stature; in that case, a shallow
l)ox may be inverted to stand on, but is somewhat in-
convenient.

No. T). This is niad<> expressly for the Lang-

stroth frame, which is to be lised standing on

end; it will take any frame wliose top bar does

not exceetl 20 inches, and deptli Q}i inclies- . .(10) 9.00

No. C. The same excei>t tliat it will take a frame

of 10;S< inches in depth (11) 9.50

No. 7. This is made expressly for the Quinby
suspended frame, and will take also the other
kind when tlie end bars have a depth not great-
er than 11 ^< inches (12) 10.00

No. 8. Tliis is for all (iuinby frames, and all
American frames having a depth greater than
12'2 inches, and can be used for all the frames
in our diagram, but is much more inconvenient
llian the smaller ones where they can be

used (r2>o ) 10.00

No. !). This machine is like No. 8, except that it
takes a frame l-i incli wider, and is suitable for
American frames tliat are 12 '.j wide and more

than 12)4 inches deep (13) 10.00

No. 10. This is the largest machine that wc keeji
in stock, and will take a frame as wide as the

Standard, and as long as the tiulnby (14 U ) 10.00

All of the last six— tall cans—liave a support at the
l)ottom for the frames to rest upon, and also to hold
broken ])ieces of comb, slioulil it be desired. The four
lirst have notliing of this kind, for it is not needed,
and would in reality only make them heavier, and be
in the way ; we advise purchasers always to take
tlie smaller machines when they »\'ill take their frames.
For instance, we would much )n-efer the No. 4, to the
No. 10, even if offered at the same price, provided we
had nothing but the Standard Iranie in our Apiary.

Although our machines are now made much ligliter
and stronger, the gearing very much improved in
looks as well as in strength, an improvement added
whereby once oiling will last for years, a cover and
strainer added, and the jirices reduced, yet we .still
make the proposal that we will, to any one who has
purchased one machine, give him 10 per cent ofl" on

all he may sell after that ; and this is all we can do in
the way of furnishing them at wholesale. This offer
refers only to extractors and honey knives.

INSTRUCTIONS FOR USING AN EXTRACTOR.

Many of our new friends have asked for di -
rections for using these machines, but really
they are so simple, that it seems that hardly
any advice can be required. They are all ready
for use when received, and most that is requir-
ed ie to screw them fast to some box or bench
just high enough to allow the gate to run the
honey into the bung-hole of a barrel. Do not
undertake to work unless the bees are gather-
ing honey, or you will be very likely to have
trouble. The ioest time is when they are busy
in the fields, and if the jield is good, you will
hardly need any smoke. Carefully remove a
frame from the "hive, and then with a sei'ies of
sudden jerks shake the bees in front of the hive
or on top of the frames, as you may find most
convenient. When you have shaken off as ma-
ny as you can, take a bunch of asparagus tops,
and gently brush off every bee in front of the
hive. Now with the honey knife carefully cut
the cappings from all capped cells ; to do this
quickly you will slide the knife under the caps
in such a way as to have them come off in one
entire sheet. In regard to straining the honey
we know of no way that answers so well, all
things considered, as to hang the little bag sent
with the machine, in the bung of the barrel ;
this keeps it all close and tight from flies and
dust, and when you stop work for a little
while, it is all safe, without the necessity of
covering anything up. Two such bags are
really needed, so that one can be kept clean
and read}' to take the place of the other when
it becomes filled with impurities. As the sed-
iment alwaj's settles to the bottom of the bag,
the sides work well as a strainer for a long
time. Cloth strains honey more perfectly than
the finest wire cloth can. When the comb is
uncapped it is to be placed in the extractor;
although you can extract one comb at a time
if you choose, it is much better to have two, as
they then balance each other, and the friction
is less on the bearings, though our machines
will stand the strain of the heaviest combs,one
at a time if need be. Turn just fast enough,
and no faster, to throw out the honey, and there
will be no danger of throwing out the brood ;
you will soon learn this by practice. Combs
so full of lirood that there is but little room
for honey had better be left in the hive ; there
is little to be gained l)y working very close,
and should the honey season suddenly close,
there is danger of the bees starving, as we
have known tliem to do, even in July.

If your hives are kejit close to the ground,
and no weeds allowed to grow around the en-
trances, there is very little danger of losing
Queens while extracting, yet it is a very good
plan to keep them carefully in mind, and if yon
should not see them, we think it a little safer
to shake the combs that contain much brood,
so that the bees fall directly into the hive. Lo-
sing Queens while extracting, is i-ather expen-
sive business.

After the honey is taken from one side of the
comb, it is of course to l)e turned and the hon-
ey taken from the other side. Where the combs
are very heavy and the honey very thick, it
may be best to throw it out only partially the

ILi^75.

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

tirst time, and then ivvltsc, to avoid crushiiiij:
the comb into the; \viro cloth by tlio ijrcat ccn-
tritugal Ibrcc result iiiij: trom such a weight at
a rapid spc<Hl.

DIKIX TIONS ]•<)« rslN<i Till-; DOI.LAU 1UVH>*.

If the liive is receive<l in a bundle, of course
the llrst tliinj; to do is to uail it up. Use tlie
long nails to go through the whole thickness,
nn<i the short ones where the wood is rabbeted
away ; <irivc tlic nails as near each other lu-;
you can witliout having them touch. Nail the
i'orners well. The cover when tinished is much
like the cover oia trunk. When a single hive
is ordered some kind of a broad board is to be
provided for a lxj»ttom lx)ard, but when the I
hive is used as us a two story liive — two hives,
■one over the other make a two story hive —
there is a si)are cover, and we use tius as a |
Jjottom lx)ard. To enlarge the entrance we
simply pusli the hive forward so that it pro- i
jects a little over the bottom board, and if w^e !
wish to make the entrance very small, we cut i
out a little of tlie inside lower edgi' of the front j
I'lid l3oard in tl>e middle. In case you have i
purchased frames and (juilt also, with the hive !
— none are furnished for sjnI.OO — the frames are i
to be spaced by the eye as close as may be j
convenient, and then the quilt very carefully i
pressed down iu such a manner that not a sin- |
^le bee can by any possibility get above it.
This seems quite a task, especially when the i
frames are only t^ inch lower than the top of
the side of the hive, but after the bees have
once waxed it in place, as they will in a few
days, it is quickly and easily replaced.

THE .STANDARD HIVE,

is to be putwt'igether and used much in the
«ame way, but as there is a permanent Ijottom
and no upi^er story, it may be regarded as a
simpler hive to manage in all localities where
out door Aviutcring is considered safe.

J^lIRECTIONS FOK USING THE UNIVERSAL FEEDER.

Cut oft" the liar of wood until it is just long
•enough to hang in the rabbets of your hive
Just as the frames do. Put the brood pretty
well to the south side of the hive, and the feed-
er on the north side, if it is at a time of the year
when they will be likely to build comb under-
neath it, in July, Aug. and Sept., for instance.
Jtemove one frame, and after takirg some
intins to make the (juilt tiu'n down closely to
the next remaining one, put the .eeder down
between it and the side of the hive in such a
way that no bees can get up under the cover.
"When you haAe got it all tight, and so the cov-
er will open and shut nicely, you ai'e all ready
for the "fted". Now we have made many ex-
periments prijving that there is not the least
necessity of making your syrup by any formu-
la, or of adding anything iu the world to the
sugar, but water, either hot or cold, as may be
most convenient. If you onlj' want to feed one
or two coloni'-s, put the sugar in your coffee-
pot, pour on some water, stir it with a stick,
and you are all ready. If you feed them simp-
ly sweetened water, or till the bag with dry su-
gar and dampen it with water, it is all the same
to the bees, and if the weather is warm you'll
soon have amjile evidence that they are profit-
ing bj- it.

The only time wheu we have been inclined
to feel that the name of this feeder might be a

misnomer, is in the spring with a small colony
of bees. In sucli a case you must get your
feed( r up close to the brood, and much tlu'
best way to do this is to contiact the «ize (jf
the hive with a division Ijoard. If you wish
to make more feeders, you must use cloth like
the sample we send you or you will have
trouble.

Where you have a considerable number of
colonies to feed, you had better put your sugar
into your extractor, pour on some water and
give it a few whirls, and you will have beauti-
ful syrup in a very few minutes, all ready to
l)e drawn ofl' at the gate into your cott'ee-pot.
Just as handy as can be.

If robbers are at all inclined to be trouble-
some, you had better do your feeding between
sun-down and dark; with these feeders one
person can feed 50 colonies in 10 minutes.

DIKK('TU)NS FOR USING OUR Ql'EEN ( .ViJKS.

The end apartments are for the feed, and the
central one for the bees and Queen. The feed
may be pieces of comb honey, or a sponge filled
with honey; the comb we rather prefer, for if
the boxes be well filled, it will sustain 20 bees
and a Queen for a period of two weeks or
more. AVheu a Queen is to be introduced,
place the whole under the quilt directlj- over
the cluster, and if you wish to run little risk,
leave them there 4H hours — of course we mean
a Queenless hive — then with a very little smoke
drive the bees away and slide the cover entire-
ly ort". If they come up to her i>eaceal)ly, all is
well ; if they pounce upon her with apparently
murderous intentions, drive them away with
the smoke, and cage her another day. This
cage has been purposely arranged so that you
can promptly rescue a Queen before they have
time to do her injury. With some colonies of
black bees, or very dark hybrids, it seems al-
most impossible to get them to accept a Queen,
especially during the fall of the j'car, or at any
time after the honey season has failed, and the
best advice we can give for such cases is to
put on a Universal feeder and give them a good
feed at the time of introducing the Queen.
Almost any colony can be brought to good be-
havior by persevering in this plan of feetling.

DIRECTIONS FOR USING THE LARV.\E WHICH WE
SEND BY MAIL FOR QUEEN RAISING.

It may be as well to tell you frankly that a
temperature of between 50 and 00 degrees will
destroy its vitality, antl that if any very cold
iiiglits have occurred during time of transit, it
will be of very little use for you to waste time
with it ; also, if it has been more than three
days on the route, it is probably all dead.

The first thing to be done with it is to get it
where the bees will feed it. If you have a
Queenless colony, insert it in the centre of the
cluster in one of the combs; if you have none
such, move a colony away while the bees are
flying, or remove several coml)s covered with
bees from a populous colony, being careful that
you take none containing brood, or the old
Queen. If the eggs are good, you should get
8 or 10 cells on an average from such a piece
as we send. We have (juite a number among
our readers who have comi)letely Italianized
their Apiaries by these 25 cent pieces of brood.
If the nights are very cool, w^e often delay senil-
ing until they are warmer. Send us addressed
postal if youwish to be advised of shipment.

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

Sefe-

SUNDRY "family" MATTEHS.

Did any of you ever think what a task it is
^;o get the address of each one of our many
readers all right, to get your papers all started
in the right channel, all the various initials
;tll just as they should be, etc., etc. V It may
he that some editors have a faculty of getting
along without making mistakes, but we
Iiaven't, yet we doubt if any are much more
anxious to avoid mistakes than we are ; the
wor^t part of it is, that as we stop every sub-
scription as soon as the time paid for has ex-
])ired, — we feel sure you all approve of this
plan, cush down — we are under the necessity of
making a new list each year, or rather we are
obliged to set the names oT those up anew, and
ran the risk of bhmders again, of all who do
not renew before their time has expired.

The idea is simply that we are trying to
study up some plan to induce you all to renew
before your time expires, and thus save us
trouble as well as yourselves. It is a task to
move a multitude of people, do you not know
it? To be sure we may be a little presump-
tuious in taking it for granted that you are go-
ing to take Gleanings next year at all, but
we think we have good reasons for feeling
sure that a great part of you will, at any rate.
To be frank we liave decided to get up a pho-
tograph of the house Apiary and wanted to
irive this to every one who renewed before his
viine was out. We are sorry to say we cannot
attbrd to do this. At the low price of 75 cents
ihere is very little margin left for making extra
presents. Many kind friends have suggested
that we raise the price, saying they would wil-
lingly pay a dollar or more. Gleanings was
started with tlie purpose of making it a medi-
um of friendly interchange of ideas, and we
purposely put the price so low that no one
might call it a speculation. As we have said
elsewhere it is no fun for us to do business un-
less we can give our patrons pleasant little
surprises, now and then, to see how good an
article we can furnish, for a little money.

Now the photo of the house Apiary will be
oi the size usually sold for 50 cents, yet we will
mail it to all who may choose to send us 10c.
extra, at the time of remitting. It will be sent
as an acknowledgement of the receipt of the
money, and will probably be ready to mail as
soon "as this reaches yon. The picture will
contain a view of our own juveniles, and will
interest the children if nothing more, and as
we shall try to have it embrace a glimiise of
all the recent improvements in bee-culture,
implements, etc., we think we can succeed in
making it worth 10c. to every one of you, aside
from the view of the house Apiary, which at
this date seems to promise to be the most suc-
cessful of our many experiments.

Gleanings is getting to be of considerable
value as an advertising medium, and we have
thought perhaps it might be a good thing to
publish some of the flattering testimonials of
its value in this respect — how bees have been
sold almost as soon as the notice was out —
liow in(iuiries have continued to come in long
after the goods were goue, etc., etc. The fol-
lowing is just at hand :

l>ear Sir:— I dend you to-day the 10 lbs. Foundations
ordered. IMease continiio the advertisement. ! have

received hnmh-eds of letters saying they saw the ad-
vertisement in (iLKAMNGS.

JoiJ.v lAiSii, 5i-2 Hmlson St., N. Y., Au?. l(>th, '7.5.

At the usual ratfes our price should l>e 20c,
per line, and we hat] partly (decided to make
this our rate for the year 18T*>, yet for some
particular reasons we dislike to dO' so. As we
have said before, we like all our cusstomers to
feel that we always give an abundant equiva-
lent for all the money ?hat we receive, again,
we have many letters from those who do not
seem to think that, should we insert them, we
would be doing an injustice to those who pay
regularly for their advertising. It seems toO'
bad to ask one who oSers bees for three do&rr.s^
to jor/i/ for the insertion of" the notice, yet in
justice we are oblig^ed to do tlii^sor repress the
address, as we do in the following :

I have IS stiuids of bees that 1 will sell; )>rice S^J.Oi^
each on the ground. Samuel Wilson.

In advertising, as in all else, we must have
some pay for the work that we do, and this, like
other things where the profits are small,'//i(/.'<i;
l>e cash down, to avoid the tremendous task of
keeping accounts with so many little items.

In conclusion we must say that we have
found the bee-keepers of our land the most
pleasant and accomodating people it has ever
been our lot to deal with, and that as soon as
they understand that one has no purpose of
"coming" some sharp game over them, they are
the most liberal and iinseltisb class of people
that ourcountrv affords.

Dkak (iLKANi.v<is:— Herewith you have '2!)i:, for
which please send me larva? from Imported Queen.
The A. B. J., Am. A;;., NaVl Ag., and all the other
Monthlies I take, came this month by tjfia .Wth inst.,
and when I returned from the train yesterday without.
Gleanings, I felt that if it did not (;on>e to-day, !'<?
have to go to Medina for it. for I couM not wait long
enough to write and have it come afterward by mail.
I rec'd it this a. At. and as usual read it over twice be-
fore laving it aside. I don't mean to I5atter you, bur,
mv wife and 1 both feel and often say that we would
not exchange Gi.kanings for all our other Journals
and papers together, so far as they treat of l>ee-culture.

But desijite the excellence of your Journal. I owe
vou a severe scolding, first for the loss of S frames,
made too short for the hive you sent me in April. an(t
second for the verv great annoyance I have had with
the extractor. I tried to use the frames, and they
were not only 1-10 too short, but the comb guides were
not secured. When the extractor was rec'd I tried
your frames, and tho' they barely missed the east arnv
at the top, yet as they did not strike, I did not think
to try my own frames, which, of course, had to be
longer than yours, vet thei/ have =„ inch jday on the
rabbets, the result was that when I went to extract I
could not revolve a single frame. I had no pruning
shears, nor other implement, except a three-cornered
file with which to shorten the frames of 30 hives 's to
.3-16 of an inch. Several hives needed extracting, the
bees hung idly outside, while the hills were covered
with catnip and rattle-root blossoms; I had taken all
the frames from one hive into the extracting house ;
the flying bees had got a taste or scent of honey and
were "robbing my nuclei; the thermometer was at tM) \
I could not find the tile ; my wife was scolding me be-
cause I had not given vou proper dimensions for the
extractor [but I had), a'hd if you are as tiuick temper-
ed and impatient as I am, vou can imagine how cross
and worried I was. I nearly forgot to ad<l that my
8tei)-father and his familv and a visitor were present
by invitafion to see the perfection of your extractor,
liowevcr after "a deal of frettin' and sweatin'," I got
the frames short enough, and then the way I slung
•2 gallons of beautiful white catnip honey out of that
hive, was enough to make my friends (as they each
and everv one did) exclaim "wonderful! wonderful I
beautiful !" "1 never saw the like."

Ben. S. Cole, Tiltonville. O., Aug. 10th, '75.
[Moral. Be very careful to give full dimen-
sions of your frames, and we will be more care-
ful to work to them.]

1870

GLEANINGS IN BKE OULTUlViii.

Wh

^liiril (lay after she arvivetl, two bee-keepers ralleil to
;se€ her; they jruve me tlielr onlev.s lor seven (^ticejis.
■so yoii see-thore is iiolhiiij; liJie havaiig >:ootl sttK'k to
•draw ciistCMii. The Vucoii 1 sent to -(^'aliforivia went
•ill rif;ht In one of your sl»ipi>Snir cages. I ewlo.se
!•;. K. sjiatt'Wck'p postal. The nei,i;lib<>rs all said she
■would nuv-er soe tiie "jiohl eo^tntry" alive, they were
very nnich astonished to hea«' tlwu'slie weut sal^l^'.

J. M. V. fAi H)l{. J.,ewistoJi, \(d., All!!;. 'Jlst, "5.

IMi;. TAYJ.( )K.:— I ro''"dyonr Queen -on the road 11

•days -ail right. Also i others, one iVoui Tenu.. ;md

one from I'a., t>ot?i de<id. I'oiirs war; in just ari lijie

i'ondition as when you uuther in the cage.

L. K. .SiiATiCt'K.'l.os Angeles, '('aU, July UK "i''.

i have one swarm, that was in fair <-oiiditJeHi last
■spring-, but is now weak. .Mm-h of the brood dies
.-.ibout tli-e tiiue it should be capped- There is ik> bad
.-^mell about the hive. What is the <'ause ? Wiiat shall
1 do with it y Bees siTa^rnied a little. Have no sealed
-honey yet- liroeding raiMiUy. (Xxjasioxallv.

We have iiovcr soeu auythuig sucb as you
luentioii, biit would advise giving tlieiiixi good
feed of sugar s\Tup. Ouf own .«ick colony is
still ill tiie same condition:; ipjivei'ing, sick
and dying l)ees aiv t-ohe seen about the entrace
weiy forcKoon. We were uuich astouished to
liud them entirely out of stores a few days -ago,
■as they weiHj left with a large surplus when we
last extracted, and the otliers of similar size
have iK)w more than suiticient for winter.
Thinking diet might have something to do with
St, we have been feeding th^einou sugar, but it
jnakes n© ilit^erence. The diseased bees often
•crawl into other hives, but at present none of
the rest are affected. "Some have advised us to
^lestroy th-e volony, but it cojnes very haudj'
wlien some one vehemently asserts tiiat there
is no disease among the bees Ijut want of care.
•<)pening this colony invariably silences them.

.soon as ])Ut on, llicre will oll-n be bees fastened bt-
I iween (he Iraiiies and i|uill. If the uiiper edg-j of toj>
: bars were triangular. iw<. made Inim a square stie.li—
: wilii corner mjp, would they be bcllir or wort^e I-' How
I to p<it 'luUts and b(i;.es ou to), of frames, wltliout liill-
j nig bees, is to ine an TOisolvod iwobleH), ■unless 1 do it

on a slow motion idan-.

I They would doubtless work a little better
I with the quilt, but in <,inip our top liars have
I little bits of comb jirqjecting upward that pre-
I vent killing bees ; in fact we do not remember
that we ever killed bees in tlie way yon men-
1 tion. When putting on boxes we would drive
I the bees down among the c-(.»inbs witli a Quinby
' smoker.

In e.xtrac,itin^', Uie voMcbs often slick tight to llic
wire ■cloth. It inii.v be the wire is too -rtno, what size
<io you use ?

After careful experiments, we have deciilei<
that wire cloth for extractors shouhl i>e just
aboist ;■) straudsof wire to the incli,/^/./(,t'(Z wire-

If tlie combs are p\U in the extractor willi the bol-
toni next to the centre, and the top toward the out'
side, or viee vet'sa, will not the honev'conic-ftut easier ?
I, e, it is then thrown out opposite t-lic line of Motion,
etc. l>. MOYKU, SlKirpsviUe, Pa., Aug. -Jd, '7."'-

There i,s a little dittereuce in favor of the
plan you mention, but not enough to Ix' wort k
observing during regular work. "

f^et me tell jtiu tliat I have the best h^ouey gatllerer^
from my importe<l l^ueeii that have ever been in mv
Apiary, and the (.,)*ieens are the most prolilic thati
ever saw. Ki.i CoisLJi. Corjicrsville, Tenn.,July i:j,'7i>-

! have -5 Queenless hives, with ciipped Queen cell-s,
ibnt not a drone osi my place, nor iuive mj- neighbors
any drones. What do yo\i think will be the result to
«ny Queens.^ W, J. Axdkkws, Columbia, Tenn.

We are inclined to think there are drones
about that you do not know of, l)ut if there are
not, your Queens will prolialily be drone layers,
and worthless. If they are not laying at the
nge of 25 days, you had better destroy them,
and unite the colonies witli others. If they
•commezice laying' rather after the usual time,
watch the brood, and if when capping they use
high, convex caps, you maj consider them
■drones in worker cells, and useless.

A few have by mistake, pfol>;ib]y sent such
out as .$1.00 Queens, but we are desired to say
tliat all such will cheerfully be made good.

Do bees ever attempt to rear Queens from the brood
of a fertile Avorker? Bkn. S. CX)LE, Tiltonville, <^).

Of course they do, and to your sorrow, as
you will And if j-ou do not carefully keep all
kinds of drone eggs out of their way when they
are building Queen cells. A Queen cell that is
built over a drone larva is usually destitute of
the thimble-like indentations usualh^ seen on
'good ones, and a cell that is smooth externally
should always be regarded with suspicioii.

Is the demaml for dollar Queens sufficient to war-
rant an Ajiiarian of reasonable experience, to buy an
imported Queen, and run a i)ortion of his Apiarv for
ijueen raising. ti. K. Hifi-man, Emnghani,"llls.

We think it is; we have had many letters
asking if we could furnisli lots of from 2.5 to 100.
One man sent us .$40-00 that we were obliged
to return.

AVhen the upper side of tlie tojj bars for frames is Ji
inch or more wide, and the ijuilt pressed down tight,

A, I. ROOT, Sir v— I have two very niee Queens that
apjiear to be fertilieed and they do not liiy an egg. i
liavo others tiiat are youn^^er. "that are iaying ireely.
They are at lea&t one month old. There Ikis been
hundreds of drones ilying near tiiem ever since the\
hatch«1, the bees are satisfied with them and will no"t
start cells from brood given tlieni ; so far as I can sec
they are perfect. Did you ever liave Queens act so?
Can you tell nie the cause or give a reme'ly ? If tliey
dpn"i go to work soon I shall try crushing' thein and
let Uie bees raise others.

S. H. Houoh, Rootstown, O., Aug. M, "X

We recollect having three different Queens
that would not lay, although they were remark-
ably large and tine looking. Wc know of no
way but to keep them until about the age we
have mentioned, and then destroy them and
put in others. This is a dangerous state of af-
fairs, for the bees will make no effort to rear
another, so long as she remains in the hive.

"When a Queen does not lay at the age she
should, it is a very good plan to toss her uj) in
the air before the hive; if she flies easily, all is
well, but if she falls, or does not fly well, she
had better be killed at once. As it is quite a
task to hunt up virgin Quees we seldom look
for them, but keep watch of the small larv;e al-
ways kept in the hive; if they start no Queen
cells she is certainlj' present, iHTt when they
are started, she is as certainly lost.

NOVICE:— Does a blossom that does not produce
fruit, yield honey? Our MoreUo cherries were white
with bloom, yet produced no fruit, and the bees diil
not seem to worl; upon them. Hives full of brood--
no honey scarcely— bees swarming.

Mks. L. flAKKisoN, I'eoria, Ills., Aug. 7th, '7.5.

We believe the so calleil false blossoms yield
full as much honey, if not more, than those
that produce fruit, for nature's principal object
in secreting the honey seems to be to entice the
bees, that tliey may thus c;irry the pollen from
one blossom to the others. If you observe a
pumpkin or squash vine, you may easily see
that the false blossoms contain quite as many
bce^' as the fruitful ones.

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

Sei'T.

Hio-M.'e'^y 'C O'l li.jit 14.^1

\p"||0 you not think we practice what we
JJ teach V .Tu§t 12 days ago wo paid U^M
An- a marble topped stand on which to exhil)it
our samples of honey for sale. This table with
its contents was placed directly fronting- the
street, in the most conspicuous part of our
store ; and to make it more quickly catch the
t'ye of passers by, we purchased about 100 li)s.
of comb lioney at-a cost of about ~8c ; this was
cut out of the boxes and put on plates, Jiac per
11)., or 3 lbs. for fl.OO.

'file last plateful of the lot is now on the ta-
h'.L', and the amount of iiiiuid honey sold during-
the time has been largely in excess of the comb
iioney. The machinery works something like
this :— it stands just before the large doors that
open out on the street — some innocent, unsus-
pecting individuals will ))e passing by, and as
they casually happen to glance into the stores,
they all at once stop, and linally come in to
admire the curious and tempting worlv of tlie
iiees, as everybody does. Now 8oc seems an
awful big price in our quiet inland town, and
they generally pass on, but tlie temptation is
oftentoo great, to give to tlae dear ones at
home sucli a pleasant and liappy surprise, and
down goes tlie dollar, while we explain that
we regret that it is so expensive, but that it
takesthe ix>es so long to build the comb, etc.,
and by the time we in a neighborly way pro-
pose lending them the plate, we have usually
made them fully understand why comb honey
IS so much more expensive.

Now this is not all ; some of the honey will
run out on the plate, and one must be ob-
tuse indeed who will not soon take a taste and
see that this is no l)etter tlian tlie liquid lioney
that we offer the year round for twenty cents
instead of -J5, and we have been very much as-
tonished ourselves to find that the honey sealed
up in the combs is very often not so thick, as
that we have extracted. In fact our candied
lioney taken out a year ago — ^wlien melted — is
niucli superior to the honey tliat runs out of tlie
comb wlien cutting it. Of course we shall en-
deavor to keep this honey table "a going," the
year round.

"But have the people in your town never
been imposed upon by the city manufactured
iioney?" some one may ask. To be sure they
iiave not. Do you suppose stich trasli could
be sold in our county? Is it not your own
fault, fellow bee-keepers, if any sucli stuff finds
a purchaser in your vicinity ?

P. S.— Tlie girls have just placed a vase of
flowers in the midst of tlie jars and
plates of honey. Perhaps we shall be obliged
to call on our readers for comb honey to keep
this new institution constantly supplied.

pie like it, let them have it l)y all means; but
for the sake of the rising generation, if for
nothing else, do not imagine that it will l)e ad-
visable under any circumstances to label it
"honey." If it is good mixed, then i)y all
means mix it, and label it "Glucose and honej',
prepared expressly for table use, by A, B, C, &
Co.," etc. Has the world yet to learn that
there is no such thing as telling the truth too
faithfully to be prol:..al:)ie, in business transac-
tions? But about this glucose; we are deeply
interested, and if it can be made cheaply, wdiy
does not some one make it? jVIay it not be
just the best thing in the world to feed the
bees to raise brood, get comics built, and per-
haps to winter them? Do you know, dear
readers, that a great industry is springing up,
and that there is abundant work for you and
me and all of us in raising- bees, getting nice
combs built from the foundations, etc., etc. ?
You can all go to work now, this minute.

Among all the reports we get of heavy crops
of honey, but very little is said of haviug any
trouble in selling it ; much less in fact than in
former years, but we get the most doleful let-
ters from fiome honey lniyers,of beautiful honey
that cannot be given away, and the like. What
does it all mean ? It means, to us, don't sell
good honey for less than 16c by the barrel, and
not less than 20c at retail.

Mil. A. I. IKIOT, l>eai- Su-:— I think those who have
good lionej' will do well not to be in a hurry to sell,
anil I would HOC advise any one to send honey to it
commission house. One day hist week a commission
man of tliis city came to me saying he liad a tew bar-
rels of nice honey and did not'know wliat to do witli
it, and did not fcnow anything about the price, nor
whom to sell to, and wanted to know wliat to do witli
it. You can see from that tliat any one could have
bought it at his own price, and thai is what is killing
tlie lioney trade, and making it so much of a drug on
our market. You can now go among our commission
houses and lind anj- (luantity of nice honey at
your own ])rice, from S,'j' to 10c per lb. Vou ask, ■•vvhy
is this ?■" The reason is they are trying to sell an ar-
ticle the}' know nothing about, and besides it gets to
leaking, and tliey do not know what else to do, than
to sell it for what they can get. If the jiwdncci- u-ill
kec}) his honey at home till he can sell itjur the cash to
a respunsiblc dealer, then, and not till then, will we
lind s;ilo for our honey at good ligures. but as long as
it is sent to every ''Tom, Dick, and JIany'' wlio will
sell or try to sell it, you will lind jirices low and no
sale. I am no longer in the trade, for 1 have time to
attend to only what my own bees make, and that has
been but very little tliis jear.

1 think that before s))ring (unless California jirodu-
ces a large surplus), hone>"^will be in demand in our
city at good prices, fou tlierc is not over one-half as
iniich raised tliis year as heretofore.

AV. G. SMITH, St. I.onis, ^lo.. Aug. (ith, "T.").

We clip the following from the N. Y. Timen : I

The manufacture of glucose, or corn syrup, should
be very prortiablein this country. The foreign article, |
of which immense quantities have been imporle<l since |
1857, is charged twenty per cent duty, besides ocean ;
freight. This advantage to the home manufacture is i
enchanced by the fact tliat tlie raw material in tlie
United States is far cheaper tlian in Kiiroi)e. A bush-
el of corn in Illinois costs from lliirty to si.xty cents, in
New York eighty-live cents, while the European man-
ufacturer of glucose and grape sugar lias to pay Sl.-i.').

Now if glucose is desirable for food, and peo-

We really wish that those having honey they
cannot sell, would help keep this column up ;
at present, all v/e can gather from heaps of let-
ters from bee-keepers is the following; there are
plent\' of letters borrowing trouble about how
thev shall sell their honey when thev ih^ get it.

I had rio colonies of bees to stai-t with this sjiring,
and some weak at that. I made an extractor after my
own fashion, and have slung up to date 'liSi lbs., anil
made an increase of i.'0 stands. Am selling at '21) cts.
in 2 lb. jars. Will sell .5 lbs. at 15 cts. Hurrah for
>our liouse Apiary !

John L. Cu.vnn, Onawa, Iowa, Aug. 12th, '7").

Have just removed 40 lbs. of box honey from our
best hive. The scales have shown a gaiu of 5 lbs. a
day for a I'l'w days past.

J. r.LTLi:;;;. Jackson, Mich.

t^TTy

IxLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

iv:

JfCc*) H d S' CO f CCr 1» SI ill ,,

FROM DIFFERENT FIELDS.

AN OLD KKK HIVE.

JV]tirjit) 1)AV, Jisly 'iTth, ]S75, while makiitj; a joanioy
' •] ' thvoujrh tlic coiuitrv I nolioeil a lur^a iiee hive
■•^ ill !i yanl, and <-on<-"hi(ioil to s^lop ami sice it. I
iDiinil iltUus: c'i};ht lH)Kt's inlvd on top oioach other,
ami tile hivi' was throe I'eet lii^h, -<) ?iuhes livoad and
:1- ini'lu's Irosii iVont. to rear i'lside nieasuretiieul. The
•;>\viH'r had li«il it -Ji years, aud every spriiiir tool;
Iroin two to Uiree buckets I'lill ot hone'y out. lie told
me that the lieos always had th<.'\r main Isrood eluster
in the ri^ht band side, and so he did not take much
■Ciimli out of tliat side, ami they never had swarmed
«li'.rinjr the 'whole period ot of i'-.* ye:irs. This mani-
lunth eolonv liad rolibed several "swarnis whieli he
^cui-ilit at lUflerent times, and he tohi nte that he
thouifht this swarm was the real cause of his ni-ish-
lior"s liees having dwindled down to nothing, and that
Jie would feel Iiaiipy if he had it out of the old hive,
iind in a ffood frame hive, but he could i;et no one to
<lo it for him. I told htm that 1 thought 1 coedd do it
next s|)rin}r«f the colony should outlive the winter of
l.s7."i-7<). I would be very thankful if j^ou would give
t!ie a little iuiviec about it.

L). if. Kkkn, ShiniersvJlle, Ta.

I fit were our hive it would be tninsferred
l)ei<)ro uight ; and we do not see that any s^per-
aal (Ui'ectious are needed. Our Standard hive
wonkl, V* e think, give ample roora. See i)age 64.

I started with a few colonies of blacks and Italians
Jn all sorts of hives. I liavc now discarded them all
but the Buckeye with my own- improvements, and
lind it tiie best hive so l"ar,"of any I have ever seen or
t'.ied. As regards in-door wintering. I have ha<l very
jndillereut success. I have wintered in the cellar anil
lost nearly one-half by dysentery, owing, as I siii)pose,
to long eoniiuetnent, for I think bees should liave a
ilig)it nearly eveiy good day in winte'' or spring. I
am now wintering on the summer stands, and lost last
winter only 7 out" of *)0 hives, all the others coming
out in gooil order. 1 have this summer taken 70 lbs.
<if box honey from one colony that was divided a year
ago the tenth of last May. Others liave yielded from
40 to 00 lbs. each, so in my case building a wintering
house would be incurring useless and unnecessary ex-
l)ense. As for the Italians, I consider the black bee
almost as good when }3ropeiiy treated ; the secret of
rtuccess, owing .ilways more to the management than
To the kind. I have "black bees in my own Apiary aud
Jilso some from home, that gather fully as much lionej"
as do the Italians.

The answer I always give to those who are desirous
■of having their Old black bees (kept as a good many
do now, and also handled in the old style) Italianized,
is this : "If you get Italians and treat them just as you
are now treating vour old servants, you will get no
more from them ; hut flrst learn the art of bee-keeping
and then try Italians." I have also reare<i Italian
<)ueens for sale, aud would have made it a specialty,
but owing to a ]iress of other business I was obliged
to discontinue it. I think the Italian (Queens are
much more i)roliric, and breed earlier in tlie spring,
tlian the blacks, the' I do not think their worker bees
less apt to sting, for I have had them as cross as Tar-
tar.-). Nor can I recommend them as working more
ou retl clover, than the blacks, for I have never seen
it. As reganls dollar (Queens, I bought on several oc-
casions, quite late in the season, and they being un-
fertilized. 1 ruined the colonies 1 put them in.

Now for extracting : 1 am a beginner in thai branch.
31y first oi)ciation was in June when honey was Hush,
then my bees were docile, and were easily handled,
but since honey is scarce it is almost impossible to
oi)en the hive.r. As our brother bee-keepers have
never given much of their experience in extracting,
will not some of them give us their modus operandi?

S.\.MI;EL jVlfMMA.

llighspire, Dauphin Co., I'a., Aug. 2d, ".'i.
Now friend 31., to be frank, we should con-
sider your opinion of the liuckeye hive of
more weight, had we not olwerved "rights for
sale" on the envelope enclosing the above, es-
pecially since the hive mentioned has been
almost universally abandoned, at least in the
impracticable shape that it was when Mitchell
sold rights for it. Your admission that Ital-

ian Queens are more prolifh- is alone a very
strong concession in their favor, and when yoii
adnnt Ijeiiiii unused to tlie exM factor, we aiv
iiol surprised that you do not give them Jus-
tice, tor it seems to us t/jc// particularly demand
the aid of the extractor; otiiervvise tlu-y may
.so cram their hives with honey, as to work their
own ruin, particularly, wlxu this same red
clover is iu bhjom, during t!u; latter part of
this month. We lind them on the red clover
here invarialiiy, Itut very seldom see a !»!ack
l)ee on it.

It is a very dillicuit matter indeed to extract
after the How of honey has ceased, and we
would advise no one to undertake it, unless
the combs be removed from the hives by moon-
light, as we advi.se in another j)lace. Your
yield of box honey is certaiidy good, and we
wish more of our readers had e<|Ual skill in the
same direction.

Ifanyonelius been guilty of sending out
utiferttie Queens as "dollar Queens," it is your
duty to give us their n;uiies and have then*
put)lished.

We cannot publish a tenth i)art of letters in
favor of the Italians, but the one peculittrity,
mentioned in the following letter, places thcui
far aliead of the blacks.

THI'; VALl K Ol llAt.lANS.

The moths have been troubling my black bees very
much, and there are but few comhs iii even my strong-
est hives, that have not some moths in them. 1 rec'd
an Italian Queen with 4 or .t three lianded workers
and placed them o;i two combs with young bees gnaw-
ing out. These combs, though they "were taken from
the middle of hives over full of black bees, had a few
cells in each that were uncaijped by moths: next
morning I found these young bees on" the bottom of
the hive and the moths gone. The rol)bers were very
bad at the time, so I kei>t the hive closed three days,
then opened it and sat by to see. I let a robber'or
two in and kej)t the rest away; one was driven out
soon, and I let in others ; in a few minutes one of the
Italians came dragging out a dead robber, then sta-
tioned herself with a young bee that had lost one
wing, and had a large jjatch of moth web on its back,
at the entrance, aud these two kept the robbers out foi-
the rest of the day. Since then (5 days) there have
been two of the yellow workers and'several young
bee-s on guard all the time, keeping all robbers out.
These two advantages' would be sulllcient to induce
me to decide to Italianize mv whole Ajjiary, if no
other existed. " J. H. Oxkv, M. D.

Dixon's Springs, Tenn., July 22<l, '75.

Commenced 8 jears ago with one swarm, ran up to
40 in time, to lose every one two years ago last winter.
Sent to your friend Shaw for one swarm of Italians
two years ago last May. 1 now have -ih by natural
swarming. I have worked for box honey, but the
Italians don'c seem to be so goo<l for that. They are
great on the swarm. .My wife says, the lirst thing
they do after getting into a new "hive, is to start a
Queen cell. Wintered in the cellar last winter with
good luck. Cellar in dry gravelly soil.

P. 8.— Just as 1 linished the other sheet, i iieard the
swarming hum again ; and while hiving tiieni I beard
a remark from a little boy that passed by. as he has
several limes with his mother tliis summer. "He's
tuk it down." "What?" said the lady. "^V'y that
pole with th;u 'ere bob on."

You see 1 hail jnit up a swarmer according to
(iLKANiNc.s, mullein stocks, etc., and after 21 swarms
came out, circled around it and then settleil on the
cherry trees, I took it down. It may be a good thing
where there are no trees, but who wiints to live in tliis
country without a tree?

T II A T S M E 1,1..

I-et me here remark that la~l winter one of my
swarms got uneasv in the cellar, and 1 notiiol that
jiarticular odor that I <lid before when 1 lost all my
bees by some disease. I took them out doors; it was
hardlv warm enouuh for them to come out well with-
out loss, but I thought best t.> let them tly. Perhaps
a third of them never got liack. At night when they
got ciuiet I carefullv raised one end of the hive aud

ns

GTLEANINGS IN BEE CVLTUKE.

S'feFT'-

ponred a tea-kettle full of hot water across the hot- edg-e of the tin, then turn your syrup on the wire cloth-

foni which cieaneil it thoroushh' anrT killer! the smell ;
I put them back and they came ont in the spring all
;'iq:ht and were quiet the rest of the winter, which
was n long; one with ns.

At.axzo Borden, South Lyon, Mich.. Airg. I'st, '75.

and ftTl np j-out tin. It is fun. to see the bees carry ofl."
the syrup." Bees have done well here this season,.
swarmeiT.S or 4 timeSi, an«T pratliered a goor? su;(>ply
of elaver am\ basswoo<l honey.

V. McBrarrE, OhctrcTon, <>-

From my 4:^ colonies— for that was the mimber I had
Hft.er they got fairly throush mixing up in the spriptr —
r have had 09 nuwones, all but 4 o{ which were natu-
ral swarms. Several second swarms nuifed. so I have
ilow 10.5, and have taken about 1000 lbs. of choice hon-
ey, and expect to take more. I am tryinc; 4 New Idea
hives with '24 Gallup frames each ; so far, I am well
T)Ieased with them. One of them cast a swarm, but I
returned it after extracting and destroying tlie (.^uoen
reUa. E. A. Sheloon, Indeiiendence, la, Aug. 9, '75.

EDITOR GLEANINGS:— As you requested report
from the "Organ Hive." I hereby record its death and
burial. With the death of the swarm, ends the ]yrr>-
,wc,tforfhc in-esenf, as the Apiarv from which it was
selected has run down so low. When we have learned
fo winter bees, however, we will try it again. Mean-
while, the old organ (purchased in the old, school
<iavs), must do duty still. Perhaps the new one vdll
come by the time Blue Eves (of the same age as your
own) will need it. I wish better success tothose who
fry the same experiment. Mi?s. S. Rowell.

FRIEND NOVICE:— Only one of the six swarms I
put into the cellar last fall lived through the sfiring,
and that was weak, did not ^et ready to swarm till the
iSth of July. On the 25th of July I raised np the hive
and ]iut under them a hive full of empty comb ; by the
2nth extracted from the 2 hives more than 60 lbs. of
nice light honey, (whire clover and linden). Yester-
day, (Aug. 7th), I extracted I'rom the new swarm more
than 50 lbs., and think there is as uTuch more in thf
other hive. But how am I going to winte>' them?
That is the question. During the last five winters I
have lost more thrin my increase the summer before.

Mr. Thomas, r.f Brobkline, Canada, in the A. B. ./.,
several years ago, said an out-door cellar was a sure
thing for wintering bees, but he did not describe it
very particularly. Do you know whether lie or any
one else has such a cellar to winter bees in, and what
their success has been ? I have a side hill (south
slope) on my place, just the best kind ofa place to
build such a cellar, biit I do not want to go to the ex-
pense of building till I can hear more about its adajit-
abiiity for wintering bees, and more iiarticulars about
its construction. Would not areiiort and description
of it from Mr. Thomas be of sufficnent interest to your
readers to justify you in -publishing the same ?

S. iiowELL. Faribault. Minn., Aug. 8th, '75.

Like the many plans given that were to be
>;ui'e thinp:s, Mr. Thomas failed with all the rest,
and even to his own sorrow. We believe cel-
lar:-' under buildings are now considered safer, if
anything, than others, simply because they are
more apt to be frost-proof. A cheap and efficient
plan for an out-door cellar is given on p:igel8;J
Yob 2. With the good report you furnish from
one colony, it seems a pity that yoi! shouid
f)e vaucjuished simply because you can't wintei
them. Are you sure you luive plenty oi bees to
cover all the combs while tliey are sealing np
their stores all through the I'all months?

MR. NOVICE:— I have noticed dead brood in my
hives, unsealed, with the cells length'ened. This be-
ing my first attentpt at Apiculture, I d'o not under-
stand the caiTse; if you can give nve any ii/formation,.
you will oblige me very iiHiciir

W. L. Shei'arb, Natchez, B5iss., Aug. fith, "75.

We are strongly inclined' to think yai7 mis-
taken about the brood being dead, and that if
you watch carefully, you will find they vnW all
come to life in due time. S'ealcd Queens and
worker bees also, are toall api>earance dead un-
til just before they hatch, and these unsealed
workers — always found during very hot weath-
er— turn dark just before liacching, and look
very much like dead brood. Your mistake is a
very common one, bnt if they really are dead'
it is something that has never jk yet conie un-
der our observation.

EDITOR (iLEANINGS:— Nearly allourl>ees in thi^
and adjoining counties died of "spring troubles;" sj
tliat out of 9(5 stocks last fall. I had 10 miserable rem-
nants left on the the 20th of May. At that time I had
received one stock with an imported (^ueen, from
Hamilton, Ills., and 20 stocks from Jefferson, ATis., all
fine Italians, with about a do:'.en of m.y neighbors"
'h-emnants" on shares; I had enough bees then. I
thought, to commence the se;ison with. Can rei>ort
1000 lbs. ver\- choice basswooil honej-, and 1.50 lbs.
mixed fruit bln^'-'oms, maple, etc., all extracted, and'
the sale of lilly t.hieens ransring in price fron? $1. to S5.
each ; and an increase to loO stands in gmod condtliort
to do duty on the autirmn flort'ers, o^f Avhich we have-
an abundant supply hi this part of the countrj-. It
has been very wet and cool most c/^ the time since first
week in June, and has l?een the most unfavorable-
[ season for haney I ever knew in these parts ; clover
I j'ielding none, and hasswootl but little, in contparison
to what it usually does. _ D-. K.

Napoleon, Ohio, Aug. 9th, ''to.

Bees gathered just enough to raise ])lenty of broo-!,
and not store any surplus. They would swarm out
and leave a hive full of brood, and very little honey;
they went along in this way until the linden bloomed,
when the>' ceased swarming, — this was about the 1th
of July— they gathered a great deal from it, and it
lasted for two or three weeks.

John Baiki>, Elm Grove, W. Va., Aug. Ilth, '75.

A very fcAV have reported linden honey, but
in most localities, like our own, it is reported
an entire failure this season. We who have
been so successful in getting increase of stocks
rather tiian honey, will have to see how cheap-
ly we can supply our less fortunate friends
next season, if we winter theiu.

DEAR N0VI(~;K :— For the benefit of bee -feeders I
will tell you liow I feed bees. I get a tin pan made (of
any shape wanted), one or two inches high, then cover
the top with wire cloth, bend the wire cloth over the

FRIEND NOVICE :— On iiMge 105 you ask rae. how t
woulil h'lvc taken the bees ofl' the apple tree. Really,
friend N.. the stricture wa^ written for a iiarmles.-
kind of "drive" at a leader of our ranks, for a little
irregularit)-, and not at all with the idea that 1 wa^-
competent to srive you instruction in- Apiculture.
And vt'e should i>robalv!y have- taken them oft' very
much as you diil, Krecp?, that all hands would have-
been properly protected aljout the tacc, before cross
hybrids wore meddled with, and no thouglit ofa re-
treat would have been entertained. The hive, i>!at-
form in front, would have l)eeu i)laced conveniently
near the tree. A little water would have been gcnt'y
poured on the cluster, and a proper hiver would have
Ijeen used, in which to shake the bees, and ((uietly de-
posit them on the platform. The feather end of a tur-
key quill would have been used to i>artially direct
their movements, in the proper direction. And as a
result, even cross hybridswoulil probably have been
hived with scarcely the infliction ofa single sting.

Perseverantia rincit. Respectfully, D. P. Lane,

Koshkonong, Wis., Aug. I'th, '75.

Should we have occasion to hive a second lot
of bees reared from that Queen, we shall doubt-
less take some precaution, but never having us-
ed or needed any protection before, how were
we to know they would be cross? The foliage
of the tree would have made it ciuite dithcult
to sprinkle them, and as for "poking" them
with a quill, well, it strikes us they were in no
mood, on just that particular rainy morning for
any such play. The Q. hive in which it was
our desire to place them, it so happens, re()uiri\«
about "two men and a bov" to carry it.

I am happy to report a yield of 170O lbs. of stricth/
linden honey— all gathered" by the workers of sixteen
Queens. How's that for "iirasshoiiper year?" Blind
staples are an unmiti'infcd humbuq.

E. M. IlAynuK.ST, Kansr.s Citv, Mo,, Aug. 10th, '75.

^SLEANINGS IN BEE "CULTURE.

IT!)

AVe boliovo our tVieiul roiVrs t-o wire staples
• u>e(l to keej) tho I'raiiie.s tlie |)ro])er dislaiiee
■rom tlie liixe, and from each other; although
■wyiMiwriy ofteu iusit^t that .somethiug of the
Jvlnd is needed, we believe they usually come
to the sitme coiiclusioa sooner or later, ;i,s our
friend iibov^.

The ^)l•«sent Juis been a very jioor !!uu>'.?y sewson in
Somlioni C'aliluiiiia, owiny; to a vii y lieavy i'rost in
.\)jiiJ \vh»:h exiwulcd over th'j wJioie 6t.ali% J iloubt
ii ill this county,— vvlucli probably biUlerod less tliau
any otlicr,— tlie ]irodiicuoii will exceed halt' a case
(say -i") or 30 lbs.) to the stock, thcuKh an e-xceptjonal
.Ai."i,:iry h;us yiekliHl uearcr turee'CUbes (say l.'iO lbs.) to
ilio stock, 'i'liere arc about I.Midi) si.-mtls oi bees iu Uic
<-.(>unty. Yours resiieellAilly, Jo. W. Mookic.

S;in"i)icgo,-C'aL, Aug. ;>d, ~a.

1)KA.U N<:>V10E:— Thu.>? far this has been but a lue-
•I'um season lor bees in tlils section, sotne oallil very
,;)oor. 1 have oxiraciod about .N.'O lbs. white howey
ironi locust, raspbeiay, and while clover. I5asswood
:uaounted to nothiug ; biickwheat is just ccvrnnaenciiig
to bloom, and gives promise of a good crop of botii
Jiouev and grain.

\V. 1). \i lU'-iiiT, Knowersvilie, .\. V., Aug. ilUi, "5.

I have only fiO colonics, all in your Standard hives,
witiiyoiir corners ajid rabbets; about half Italians
•and hybrids, and balance, our native grey bees. The
season opeaieil a little Jate this spring, but it was un-
itsually good, in lact tlie best we have liad for several
},ears. i have made :i new colonies each, fro.ra a ma-
. loritN' of any oki stocks, aii'l have exti'a<;t'ed-50 lbs. of
.uoney from esich ; and tliey are all in good condition
aor tile second season. 1 have also extracted 140 lbs.
trom all thoso 1 did not divide, and expect as much ia
September an<l October from all. The Jew colonies 1
.v:in for box honey have given me an average of lu sec-
tional boxes weighing about -2 lbs. The Italians did
not gather any more than the others this season.
The only didiculty is that we have no sale for our
.honey, and have to iicop a niajoritj" on hand. The
leason is that oar market is lull of adulterated honey
trom Xew York and Chicago.

I'AUL, ViALixiN, Uayo'u Cioula, La,, Aug. 1st, 1S75.

.DKAE NOVICE ;— In the August number of Glean-
.iSGsl see one of your correspondents raises some
iloubt as to the possibility of intro<lucing virgin
«.^>«eens. I think it can be safely uone every time if
Alie Queens are less Uian li liours old. jMyway is ao
loSlows: I remove tJte top of the hive, and droj) the
yuung (-iueen, after being smeared with honey, thro'
ihe hole in tlie honey board. By this method I have
.iiU roducett a number of virgin ijueens with uniform
■riuccess this summer.

in my opinion, your lamp nursery is going to revo-
lutionize the present methods of Qiieen rearing. If it
will do what you claim for it, is there any iie<;essit5'
for liaving nuclei ? At any rate I shall try one next
season.

We cauuot think .smearing the Queens with
honey at all necessary, but there may be some-
thing in having young or old bees, to introduce
them to. In the house Apiary we soon had
only \'oung bees, for the old ones very (juickly
went home, and on removing a hive and giving
the Queen to the bees remaining on the old
stand, Ave afterwards found her dead. There
may be however, some other reason for this,
i'or when we put her with them she crawled all
about anil among them without being noticed
iu the least, l)ut as };ees in this case will be re-
turning to the old hive for two or even three
days, some of them may not have seen her un-
til she was so old as to be noticeable.

If rearing Queens for sale you certainly must
have nuclei in which to get tliem fertilised.

Does a pure Italian (Jueen have dots on her back as
represented in cuts ?

We think it accidental, ami not important
whether she does or not.

Would it be advisable for me (o juirchase an import-
ed Queen and take the risk of introducing her this fall,
or should I wait until next spring.

Use e<)ml)s of hatching l)rood as we have ad-
vised, and there need be no risk in introducing
at all. If you are in the habit of losing many
l)ees in wintering we would advise waiting
until spring, otherwise we do not see that i't
makes an.y matt-rial ditt'erence.

Will the black daughter of an Italian i^ieen iJui'
has mated wrong jiroduce a bla-ck jirogeny y

The (luestion is iiidelinite. If the mother is
pure her daughter will be a hybrid, and will
produce one, two and three banded bees, but
none — so far as we can find — that do not show
a tntce of one band. If the mother is mismatcd
and the daughter also, we shall have bees near-
ly black — perhaps some of them one or two
banded. About a month ago Ave found a. sec-
ond swarm of black bees, and carried them to
our Apiary, Avhere the Queen was shortly fer-
tilized ; to-day young bees are hatchinn- out.
some having -! bands, and none less than one
or two.

How can suri)lus combs built from sugar in the lall
be kept from mollis until wanted the next s))ring I-"

Hang them in the hive or anywhere else, s(»
that they are l^o or 2 inches apart, and Ave
think you will have no trouble. We have nev-
er had any trouble with combs out of the hive,
unless in -very warm Aveather.

How much sugar syrup is requireil to winter a colo-
ny of bees iu a hive ot S frames, ami what is the pro-
portion of water and sugar ?

.F. 1. Mack, Johnstown, AVis., Aug. (ith, 187.").

Depends much on the size of the colony ; 8 L.
frames Avell covered Avith bees would need on
an average about 10 lbs. of sugar. If they have
to be fed in Aug., and brood rearing kept uj)
all through the fall, say 16 lbs.; if combs are to
be built out also, say 20 to 25.

I sent to nine diflerent states lor dollar Queens, all
came right with the exception of 4 ; one not here yei.
3 killed by the paper getting torn oil' and the i.'o?unas-
ter playing with them. For a short distavice ihey wil)
stfind shaiiiug and blOAVing. I got them from Mew
Y'ork and Maiyland, just as fresli as Avhen jiut up.

E. E. SiiATTUCK, Los Angeles, <.;al., .July id, '75.

We think we may noAV consider the matter
•settled ill regard to sending Queens to Califor-
nia ; Avho is going to send the llrst Queen a-
cross the ocean % 7nail 'i

It is said Avorker bees live only about !Ki days, an(i
yet 1 read of liees being shut up in a cellar lor 4 or .'>
months at a time in the winter. Please explain. E. t'.
Working bees live only from 40 lo <)0 days
(luring tlie working season ; if confined to their
hives as in winter, they may live 0 months or
more. If Ave are correct, they lose their lives
by Avearingout their wings, hence, their length
of life depends much upon the Aveather and the
yield of honey.

Mk. John Long, Dear Sir :— Your samples of Comb
Foundations were received some time ago, but owing
to press of business, Avere not tested as soon as should
have been. The bees go right along, and complete
Che work tlius laid out ; anil 1 can say that as lar as
test has been made it Avorks Avell. Tltc value of your
Comb Fomidalioii.in this s/ate, would depentl greatly
on the price at which it could be furnishe<i, the cost
of labor introducing it, etc. J. ft. IL\ui?ison.

vSan Diego City. Cab, July -iyth, '75.

Mh. J<)H<i Long, Dear Sir: -1 have tested your
Comb Foun<lation and it AVorks to a charm. Please
send me .5 lbs.

O. L. Uali.aku, Malone, X. Y., Aug. (!th, '7.').

.Since the middle of June AVe have had an abundances
of white clover, but it has produced no honey. I think
the bees arc getting something from it since last Sun-
day. I had my best stock nearly ruined by goiu" to a
grocery cellar, had to move it to the country. 'Ihere
are some line colonies in toAvn without an ounce of

-r2G

GLEANINGS' IN BEE CULTTKE.

SKfT-

/loney in their liives. I don't tlilnk there has lieen
live ])onn(ls of surphis lioney taken within reacli of
fliis place. Still hopintr for sometliin.sr this fall. Tarn
yours etc. \V. O. Atkinson, Vermont, ills., July '29, '75.

Yon should have cnrtafnecT the cellar as we
did the cider mill a^ year aij^o, see pasje 114, Vol.
3. Unless the cellar ofTered some sn'eat at-
traction, you could have kept them away by
out-dooi' feedinir. With a small number of
stocks, this is a very simple task, but with an
Apiary of ffO colonies, some of them so full of
bees tiiat they cannot all set into the hive, as
ours are now (Au,<r. 4th), it looks like rather a
formidable uudertakiiii; ; were they in need of
food however, we should not hesitate, but as it
is, their hives are pretty well filled with clover
honey. Too bad, isn't it y

Some one asked the Editor of the EriiisJi Bee
Journal if he answered all the inquiries sent.
His reply was that he did not, for it would
take all the ro(jm in the Journal to answer
those who were too lazy to look over the back
numbers by aid of the index, etc. There may
(>e some truth in this, yet we do not feel quite
ri2:lit, to give any honest in(|uiry no answer at
all. Just listen to our next friend, who says
he has the back numbers with which he is very
much pleased.

How would hives lonj; enough for '.'0 frames do ?

They do "tip top," but are A'ery unhandy to
rarry about.

Wlmt do you moan T)y a ilivision hoard, and how is
it use<l '-'

A board to hana: in the hive as the frames do,
that it may be (;ontracted in size to "fit" the
colony. If two colonics are to be kept in the
same hive, this board must be "bee tight,"
otherwise it may reach only within ^.4 or ^^' in.
of the bottom, and is then simply to keep the
Queen on a few combs, that she may fill those
she has /?/K «/Z»r(7rtrZ before the board is moved
back to allow her another.

How do yon find out what the Queen is doing in the
hive, wheii she is laying, etc. ?

Lift out the combs and look into the cell
and "Kee."

In vour last issue Mr. (.'orbin sjieaks of fertile work-
ers ; 7i,o?t' /.s; i^^a/ ? I thouglit the Queens laid all the
eggs.

So they do normally, but suppose a strong
colony are deprived of their (^ueen, and when
they have reared auotiier, siie is lost also ; they
have no eggs or brood with whicli to rear
another, and what is to be done V Now expe
rience has shown that whenever this occurs,
one or more ordinary workers will soon com-
mence to deposit eg'gs, as the Queen does, ex-
cept that these eggs are always scattered
about in an irregular manner, 8 or 4 in a cell,
etc. These eggs in time produce drones, per-
ha]is some smaller than natural ones, and the
colony soon perishes unless they are helped.
.Vow "the strangest part of it all is, that these
workers are treated as Queens, and it is con-
sequently very ditlicult to get them out and
introduce a genuine Queen. Hence the letters
I'eferred to.

Are the tin trouglis for the frames to rest on, the
usual practice ? Is there any way to keep the ends of
the frames from slipping when you raise the quilt,
an<l are the frames spaced in the hive by the eye, or is
there no ))lan of notching at tlic ends to keep the
frames in their proi)er pla(^es;'

In practice it is found to be very unwise to
have the frames at lixcd distances ; we want

them to slide freely along the rabbets, or"tii2!
troughs" as you call them, and during a heavy
yielcT of honey, we freqnientl j space them so
that s or ;> frames occupy the spsce of I'O. Yoa
cfin dispen^i"- with the rabbets if you choose-
but after a hive has been in use several sea-
sons, and the frames gluecf fast in tJveir places^
we think ycm yrill be glad to adopt the metal
bearings.

('an j-oiT send me a;n extractor, knife, etc.. next
spring, and prepay ejrpress or frclgirt crharges, ami at
what price ? I think I will send you son?e subscrip-
trons after awhile.

E. C. C < ).\;, Centervflle, Texas, July 11th, ".'i.

We can prepay express charges, but not
freight ; expense will be iTctween 4 and iji^.OO
from here. As extractors are rather bulky
freight, the expense is not very raxTcb less thai?
by express, and tim'e of transit much Ioniser.

Can you tell me who has empty combs for sale ?
Tlie people in this part of the countr.y nse old box:
hives r and wlien they take out the honev they smoke
and kill the bees with snlphin-;' ami what 1" want to'
do is to save tfie Vices and brood, and prrt them into-
movable conTb hives, and let them fill enfpty comb
witli s}-rup in Sept. Do you thmk that 1 can make it
work ? If I can. I can get bees.

Wm. J. McDocGAL, EmporiiiTO, Fa.. July -ii), '75..

Most assuredly you can make it succeed, but
yon must commence at once, in fact August
would be a safer month to commence opera-
tions, than this. If you cannot get empty
comb, and even if you can, we think you could
make it work nicely to use the comb founda-
tions. By far the better way would be to pur-
chase the colonies outright, that tliey propose
brimstoning, jn'oviding you can gret them for
what the honey will be worth, .giving them
the hives back, after you have transferred
them. We liave made colonies thus at tw<?
ditferent time*, and all that is needed, is to get
them to rearing i)rood as soon as possible, and
also, be sure they g'et their sugar eyruji Avell
sealed titp in their new coralis, before* cool
weather. Jjate swarms and colonies that
evidently cannot winter, can be transferred inr
September with ease; the only trouble with
Mcwy ones, is that you will get the honey to
running and thus start robbing'. [As we did
last month.]

If mj' memory senses me right, in the eitiforial col-
nnins of GLEANrN<;s. a year or two since, it was sug-
gested (es)ieciallv to avoid robbery) that honey be
extracted l)v moonlight. At (hat time I had never
seen an extractor. At the present time I am inclined
to the opinion that the Editor never had seen one— by
moonlight. Very truly, G. E. Cokbin.

St. Johns, Mich.. Aug. .3d, '75.

P. S.— Am well pleased witli the extn.ctor I bouglit
of you. Have taken with it, from eight colonies, about
1000 pounds of chince "white honey." I sold one col-
ony, tliree went to the woods, and 1 have ■.^2^now; alt
from the original eight colonies. U. (,'.

Now friend C, if you have not tried extra(;t-
ing by moonlight, your opinion is very rash, it
not an unkind one." We did extract by moon-
light (only from the upper stories however),
and should assuredly do it again under like
circumstances. If you use plenty of smc^ke to
I drive the bees below, and then stand well at
one side when you shake the l^ees in front of
the entrance, U) avoid getting them on your
clothing, you will have no trouble at all. In
tlie extracting room of course a lamp must be
used, and the only annoyance there, was
caused by bees from outside occasionally fly-
ing in.

AJJ VER TISERS ' DEPARTMENT.

C3L.XJBBI1VO I^IST.

Wf will soinl Gl-KANINOS—

With The AnuMican IJce Jounial (Si.OO).,

'■ Tlie Bee Kcciter's Magazine ( 1.50) .

•• The Bee World (2.0(1).

" All three. The Bee Journals ot" Amei

•' Auiericiin Agriculturist (Sl.tiO)

'• I'rairii" V'.irmer (?-J. l.">)

" Rural New Yorker (S-'.-W)

" Seientitic American (S^J.l."))

" Fruit Reconler ami Cottage Gardener (Jl.(Ki) .
[.-Viorr rates .-iicludc <iU I'oxtdc/c.]

..■-'.00

Books for Bee-Keepers.

SENT pot^tiiaid on veeeijit oft)ri('e.

Lanjrstroth on the Hive and Honey Bee S'i.DO

Ouinliv's M\ St cries of Bee Keeping l.-'iO

Bee Keeper's Text Book, muslin, 7.5

" '' " " pape\% 40

These are the best, hut are all I'ar behind the times.

Advertisements will be received at tlie rate often
cents per line, Xonpariel siiace. each insertion, cash
in advance: and we require that every Advertiser
sntislies iis of his resiionsibility and intention to do
all that lie agrees, and that his" goods are really M'orth
The )irice a.sked for them.

VEKiMS BRED from Tmnort.ed jrothers, sent
as so HI as fertile, for Sl.OO. Tested, 13.00. Full
:ol6nie« Italian Bees, •with Tested O'leens. irlS.OO.

Address, J. >r. C. T.VYLOR.

I Lewistown, Frederick Co., Md.

Q

J^Lverill Chemical I*aiiit.

THE OT/.r RELIABLE.

TTTE ^rONT BE VT'TIFT'L.

THE MOST ECONOMICAL.

THE MOST DURABLE.

R(»fliiircs no oil thinner or drier.
Require-; no waste of time in mixing.
Has stood eiaJif f/rars'' cri/icismK
With yenrhi incrr'tsnl ixiinilarHy
And yearly inrreaxcd sales.
Is sold by the gallon only, in i)ackages of from 1 to

40 crallons each, in Purest White and :tny Color or

Tint desired.
Address, for samiile cartl of colors and price list,

A-v'eriil C^lieiixical raiiat; Co.,

OflOlce and Factorv i:« & 1.3t Enst River Street.

CLEVELAND, OHIO. (l-6-"fi

ITA.1L,T.^?^ mollis.

ITALIAN QUEENS bred from imported motber.s—
a month earlier than in the North. Purity and
sal".' arrival guaranteed. Also full colonies ot Italians
in Langstroth hives for sale at Sl.5.00 per colony.
Address Dr. J. P. H. BROWN, Aiignsta, Ga.

Papers. Send for
Agents' R.vtep or.

O T^ TT TS R.VTES on i;
<"■ T^ XT K List iuchKlinj
T? tf> <;> T^ W bv mail post-paid— 400 in List—
T? O O It S BiXGHAMS' Agency, Sparta, Wis.

12tf>p

^f\ TO lOO COI.O:Vl[ES ITAf^IAX BEES

•J» / FOR SALE. Ship in September.

I'rice ner colony 310.00

Ti'T frame nucleus, brood and bees, tes'.cd

<iuccn, in Aug. and Sent 4.00

Will shin noiie hut pure bee-, yi) rliseaac in our

Apian. .T. (t \TMAN \- (o . Mnndc.'. Ills. 8-9

APIAEIAH SUPPLIES !

QEM» 'JTO COi:>I.E«E AI'IAKV for Beautiful
O Queens. Circulars free

7tf

FR.VNK BENTON, Knoxville. Tenn.

p-:/\ TESTS^D ITALIAN' tJl'EEiXS. during
♦J' ' Sejit. and Oct., from a Dadanlinioorte'd— moth-
er. Si. on. or /Aire for S7..")0. Will be shipped within a
week of receipt of order tind safe arrival bv mai! guar-
.•mteed. J. S. WOODBIRN, Dickinson, "
■'-10 Cumberland Co., Pa.

Names of resi>onsible )>arlics will be inserlcl in
either <il' llie following dcijailniciils. at a uuifoni.
price of lOc. each insertion, or ^l.iiii per vcar.

..•"kOO
$•2.1(1

.:5.0()

I. .50

Xames inserted in this department the first timt
u'ithout charge.

Those whose u.ames ajqiear below, agree to furnish
Italian (Queens the coming season foi- .<?!.00 each, un-
der the following (Conditions; No ginirantee is to be
assumed of purity, safe delivei-y or ;inv thing of ihe
kind, only that the Queen be reared from a choice,
l)ure mother. They also agree to return the money at

'■ ;inv time when customers become impatient of siicli

' delay as may be unavoidable.

Bear in niind th;it he who sends the best Queens,
put up neatest and most securely, will iirobablv re-
ceive the most orders. S|)ecial rates for warranted
and tested (Queens, furnished on application to anv of
the parties. Names with *, use an Imiiorted (jueen
mother. II wanted by mail, send 10c. extra.

(4. W. Dean. River Styx, Medina Co., Ohio.

•* .1. t)atinan ct Co., I)un<lee, Ills. :ifi

*Dr. .1. 1*. II. Brown, Augusta, Georgia.

*M. E. McMaster, Shelbyville, Missouri. Jtl

*Eli Coble. Cornersville. Marshall Co., Tenn. 'itl

* J. M. C. Tavlor, Lewistown, Frederick Co., Mil. 4-»

A. J. Weidner. Bigler. Adams Co., Pa. ,"i-in

*E. W. Hale, AVirt C. H., We>t Va. <;.r,

*T. G. IMcGaw, Monmouth, Ills.

.1. H. Nellis, Cana.ioharie. N. Y. i;-;)

*K. Nesbit, Cvnthlana, Kv.

AY. S. Ward. Fuller's Station, Albanv Co., N. Y. S-lo

^Willis J. Phelps, Medina, O.

KF"! >varrant my Queens pure Italians, and f/iiaran-
tee tJieir arrival by mail, SOO miles for just one dollar.
Get my circular. J. H. Nellis, Cana.ioharie, N. Y. Sp

.Vny one ordering T) (Jueens after this date, will re-
ceive" our tine jiortrait of ^Ir. Quinby, free, for .3 cents.

AYho agree to make such hives, and at the prices
nameil, as those described on our circular.
Wm. D. Zell, Lancaster, Pa. 6-11

We, whose names appear below, agree to furnish
bees at the same prices— or less— given on page 111.
Vol. 3, viz., a two frame nucleus, full of brood and
bees, with tested t^ueen, for Sfi.oO, or the same with
SI. 00 (bieen for S4.C0. AVhere 5 are ordered at one
time, ?^1.00 less on each nucleus ; * names, use only im-
ported mothers.

*J. Oatman & Co., Dundee. Ills.

*E. C. Blakeslee, Medina, Ohio.

1 will now sell '25 powerful colonie«, Italian and hy-
brid, without hives or combs, for only §25.00. Purcha-
ser to pay freight and packing.

AYm. Harrison, Ilbpedale. Harrison Co., O.

You cannot look over the baek No's of Gl.EAXIXGS
or any other Periodical with saiisiaiction, unless they
are in some kin<l ofaBiuiler. Who has not said-^
"Dear nie wlip.t a bother— I rnuxt have last
month's Journal and it's no where to be found." Put
each No. in the Emerson Binder as soon as it comes
and you can sit down happy, any time you wish to lind
any thinir yon may have i>r"evioiisly seen even though
it were months ago.

Binders for Glean'ixos (will lioirt them for four
years) gilt lettered, free by mail for iM), 6i», and 75c, ac-
"cordinir to (puility. For table of jjrices of iJindei's for
anv Periodical, sec Oct. No., Vol. -2. Send in your
orders. A. I. JH >OT, Ai >diiia. O.

ADVERTISERS^ DEPABTIimi^T.

MITTH'S ADVERTISEMENT.

hone;^ jars.

One poniKl (sq.irai'e) Jars, ]>er gross, ?(i.50

Two •' " " " S..VI

Otae " '• " Flmt glass per gross 9.00

Two " " ■' " ' " '• " II.IKJ

< 'orks for I ami 3 lb. j ars . . . . 75

Tin Foil Caps, per gross 1.20

Labels, " " 75

A thonsan'l labels address pi'inted to order 5.00

< >iie f(t. t'niit jars. Mason's patent, per gross 17.00

Labels tor same, " " (!5

A thousand labels aiTdress printed' to' order. 4.'25

T'^ncsapping Knfves, as good' aaanj', each...' .'iO

" " per doz 4..50

Alsike Clover Seed', per bushel 15.00

*' ** '• " peck 4.00

" " ■' " pound :Vi

Htraw Mats, Bee Veils etc., at reasonable rates.

For further jjarticulars. Address,
Kf CHAS. F. MUTH, Cincinnati, Ohio.

THE BEE-KEEPEKS' MAGA'i5INE7an illus-
trated Journal of 32 octavo
lages, devoted exclusively
WW^^^>, '^" KfP-f'ulture ; editeil
Wi^m^^^>. by Albert J. King, an«f
^'iifoIlP il^^^'^'Oiitf'iiiiug contributions
f4»f ■li'TJ^SP''.^' '^Ii's- Ellen S. Tupper
aiid J. W. Hosmer, and a
number of the most e^cpe-
rienced Bee-K p ejicr s in
America and Luroiie. A
large space is devoted to
beginners, giving useful information fust wheii it is
needed each month. Terms, 1 vear. Si.50. A 04 page
pamphlet with beautiful life-lfke CTiromo of honey
plants, and Italian Bees in their natural colors, con-
taining also the prize essay by Mrs. Tupper. Queen
Rearing by M. Quinby, instruction for beginners, etc..
(price .50e.) sent free with the Magazine, on trial 4
months for 50c. Address
KrNG & SL(3CITM, 61 Hudson St.. X. v.

^HEi :b:e:']e: iToit^L;p\*

(3UR Bee Journal of the Southefu States. Issued
monthly at ^2.00 per vear. Sample coijies free.

Address A. "F. MOON & Co. Rome, Georgia.

20^0MOTES ITALiAt^BEES

strong in bees, and honey to last till sju-ing, with a
"dollar" Queen raised from Imported mothers in each
hive. Straight combs— frames 10x17 inches. Deliv-
ered at express office in good order on ree't of price.
!»-ll<l H. XESBIT, Cynthiaiia. Ky.

Vineyard' APiAiiY."

One Queen... -$5.00 ,

Two Queens... 9.00 ' Reared in full colonics.

Three " ...l'2.00,i

Or sent in full colonies at 815.00 each. Adilress
JOSEPH M. IVROOKS, Box 130, Columbus, Ind. '.)-«

IMPORTED BEES

Haxin"? sold all the iirjpotteil' QrieeriS Mia't we liavi-
wintered duriirg Jhe past winter, we h^ave- cooc-i'udeib' '
Do continiTC the Praportaticn on^Pvlai^ev scale thar.i
ever before.

We will receive Italian Bees from Italy l^riCM- a*-
iiiontli cliirliig: the siimnxei'.

These Queens will be inserted fn our hives ami'
shippeil to our customers as soon' as they fiave suffic-
iently rested from' the fatigues of the "jowmey froir.'
Europe.

Price. One C?iTeen , SIO.OO'

Two Queens. .IS.OW

Eemember that we are

The oiily veg-tilar Ijiiporters of

ITALIAN BEES IS THIH VOUJSTRY,

and that our Queens are

ALL YOUNG AXD SEXECTETj:

For particulars address Ch. DADANT & .SOX

Hamilton. Hancock Co., Ills.,

Queens and Uuclei from an

T3Il'Or{T]IJl> 3IOTimi?.

Ready to slii)) by Jane 20th. Price of tested Queens-
SH.OO; warranted 'S2.0;i. Nuclei with tested Queen —
two Langstroth frames with plenty of iyi'oot? any} bees,
S<J 00 each or $25.00 for Hve. Full swarms with war-
ranted Queens in I.,angstroth hives J12.00. or ten for
SrOO. E. C. BLAKESLEE, Medina. O. Htf

A.piai*>^ for ^alo-

w") K TO 29 stocks Italian Bees for sale in good:
^ fj movable comb hives, Langstroth and Simidicity
--well painted— also, house, lot and stoye building,
nearly new. Good cellar zmder store for wintering'
bees. "Will sell house and lot bees and store building
together or separately. All in the village of Richfield.
<>hio, nearly midway between the cities of Clevelanii
and Akron.
0 E. W..POOLK,'\Vesr Richfield. Smnmit Co.. O.

BEES FOR SALE.

n(\ C0ff.,01VlES ot Bees with tested Queens bred
^W from Imp&rted mother. One colony SW.OO, two
for ^25.0(>, five at $12.00 each. Medium swarms witli
untested Queens sent in shipping box this moath for
$5.00. Address J. M. C. TAYLOR,
9 Lewiston, Frederick Co., Md,

AMERICAN
BEE JOURNAL!

Every Bee-Keeper should
subscribe for this Monthlv-
It is the oldest and best
scientific and practical
Journal of Apiculture in
the World. The most suc-
cessful and experienced
Apiarians in this country
and Europe contribute to its pages. Terms, $2.00
a year in advance. .Sonrt a Stamp for a Nainple
Copy. Address. THOMAS G. NEWMAN,

190 and 198 South Clark Street, Chicago, Ills.

TTIUEI, STOCKS of as good yellow bees as are
D produced in any country at Si5.00 each.

2p

J. M. MARVIN, St. Charles, Ills.

One Copy One Year 75 Cents, or with Lithograpi, of Apiarv, size 12x10, Mailed Free, Postjiaid, gl.oo, or Litho-
graph will be sent as a Premium for Two Subscribers at 75 cents each.
Any person obtaining Three Subscribers at 75 Cents each, may retain 25 Cents for their trouble.
" Five " " " " 75

" " Ten " " " " 2..50 " "

. Any number above Ton will be sent at the rate of Fifty Cents each.

Names may be sent at any time during the year, and whenever a club is reached, wo will
back the amoun_t_ previously sent us in excess of the (nub Rates. In this wav anv of tli

■red it

Articles Mentioned on our PRICE LIST may be Secured' as PREMIUMS.

I'lease mention wlicii names are intended for Clubs. An acknowledgment will be sent in all .-a.ses

oil receipt of money— for any puri)ose whatever
the same terms, as we have a

ly return mail. Volumes I, A; II, may be counted on

Large Supply of BACK ITUMBERS Provided for new teginners !

o go over the same ground again, and \'olum(! (>ne

As wc c:inu i( t:ikc llic space in I'mIui-c nunibci
contains th<' ciilirc Fuiidamcni id Priiiciiilcs ami

Or how to Realize the Most Money with the Smallest Expenditure of Capital
and Labor in the Care of Bees, Rationally Considered.

Bl^r A^. I. I^OOT.

W^'U iix

'■Oet'0'Bei»<^ iSf^'®

W'09) I'Q'

In the Prepat'ciioii of iliis Journal the following are tlie Principal PeriodicaU Consulted :
^lQ.'©X*lCr£aji, 31" C0: >«rC|lil?S.fiI® Clarke, and Mrs. Tuppcr.

^ei©;-lC©'^'P©l?-'^lS SJa^a^jsiilt©® King.

He© WO^l^I'd® A. F. Moon & Co.

[Also Bound Volumes of the former sinec 1S60, and Files of all other Bee Journah that have becti

Published in America.']

COTVTEIVTH

Page

Honey ami its Adulterations Vli

Tiiiciuf;' the Source of Iloncv 121

Th'; Other Hide of Bee (Jultiire V2i

I )<iolittle's Re))ort l-'-3

N fttes r.y The Way VIX l-'li, ]'27

Miehijran versus (''alilDrnia Vl'A

t^iinhy Hives r2;5

Our Own Apiary 1'24

White and Yellow su^-ar 124

I'rojiolis I'i4

Ai)iarv in OctoV)er I'i")

What a Lady Can Do 125

How to Sell Honey 125

l{"l>ort from James IJolin 125

Wintering in TJoses of straw 120

Pane.

Out-door Fpciliuff I-''

Dry Sujrar Fe<'dinjr '-';

Honey in Cities l-'j

yireweed Honey 12<i

Honev Column 12>S

Thin imd Thi(!k Honey 12S

Humbufis and Swimlles 1-''^

Method of Securinir Honey an'' Cure ot Bees 128

Brown Supjar for Coml) Building l-S*

Comb Foundations 12!t

Comb Foundations for Box Honey 13"

California \A}

(iallup's Ajiiary l;;i

House Apiaries l-'l

Spaec below the Combs in winter lo2

m^\

ADVKRTISEmS' DErPAETME'S-T.

AT^n^TTTTdT 4 T

HONEY GOMB FOUNDATIONS.

A GRAND SUCCESS.

6 Inclies (or less) wide, and 16 Inches (or less) long, Cells' M6 Inch deep..

20 Cents per Pound pays tlie PostaifC, I TVill pay FreijHrlit on lO Poiiud Orcles-^^

3Vwi:o3srE"'2' ivCTJSX .A-0C03Vc:E>^^:isr-^r o:ridee,s.

.JOHIV T^OTVG^, S^!3 Xlxxclson Street, IV. ^ . Oit:v .

Deak sir : Amhoy. Ills., Sept. GtJu '7.5.

The F'onnd.ition Combs you sent me were rec'il
all rifrftt. )' at once exiieiinicnled with them. Ex-
tnu'teil honey IVonj one in throe dajs after jilacinp: it
in the hives. Thev are just the thirip so long needeil
anil ean be usetl for almost every purpose and way
about the hive.

Signed, YouTS tritly, B. H. Meli.en.

BkaK Sm : Sroalcfleia, iV. H., Sepf. nth, '75.

The Combs arc perfectly satisfactory. This lot I
lint into 19 Lianf^troth frames and put in upjier and
lower stories lioth, between full combs in various
hives. Some comrbs were wet with sweetened water,
some were not, it nrade no difference. Some of theni
are /uU of honey cells lengthened out and partly
sealed. Signed, Yours resp'y, E, C. Newkll.

DEAit SIK : /SY. Johnamllc, May ISth, '75.

In a hive tliat was about ready to need combs I
put a large frame containing half a dozen small ones.
small ones TixB squai'e. in half of them I put pieces of
Foundations, in the other half I put a guide of wax
.across the top one-fourth inch in Mddth. Bees have
commenced on both alike; cells in Foundations half
an inch deep; some honey but no eggs yet- A great
mauy will want a small quantity at lirst. If I could
see vou I think I coidd make some valuable sugges-
tions. Yours, M. CilJiNBT.

T)e:au SiK : Colerain, Mum., Aug. ISth, '75,

Mr. Langstroth sent me some days ago part of
sample of your Foundatio«/s which I placed in a colony
and fed them, (as the bees are getting no honey) J
would say that we were well ])lcased vTith the wav the
bees lengttiened out the cells. Wiis W. Cakt, Sr.

Dkak Sik : GreenfieliL JTass:. Scjff. IHfh, '75.

Those specimens of Comb Foundations were par,
a;s I informed ^'ou they would be, into the hands ofoth-
ers for exiiermxent. as I have no bees. ifr. ( arv whi>
is an exi7Brt showed me comba very beautifully lin-
ished from a Foundation.

YouTs very truly, L. L. Langstkotii.

Deak Sik: flirisdan^imi. Va.

I am much pleaised with the get up of those Foun-
dations, and know froiii experience that they will an-
swer a good purpose. Eesp'y, J. E, Gakdxeu.

Dear Sir: — lAy experience with your Foundations
this year M hnt a I'epetition of last years'. I can only
say with Mrs. Tufyper, '■'■(hey arc ax perfn'fo'a can be.'"
I have noted the objections of Mr. Quinby, and av
proof positive of his error send you a couTplete comb,
fflled and sealed.

Your friend, Aakox Fekntngtov.

Dkak Sik: ■ 3/otww, IV. T.. iS>p(.Ufh. '75,

Enclosed yon will find P. O. order for $•>., in return-
please send me by express Ave pounds of youi^ai'tfliciaT
Comb Foundations. The oi7lv objection I have seen
made to these Foundations is that the center,? will lie
''thick and tough ;'' this to me is a recommendation,
and I think will enable me to slnp honey in the comi?
with more safetv, the (^orabs being less brittle.

BespectfuUv, Thomas Suakko.v,

Deak Sir: Borodino, jV. 3'., ffcpi. IWi, "75,

Your card is at hand. AVould s.ay that owing to.
the delay caused by the money not leaving this olfice
I did not receive the Foundations until our honex' har-
vest was all over. I lilled six boxes with them and in
seven days had them filled and capped over.

G. M. DOOLIXTLE.

AfS CliSAiTStES TJees for sale. Hives are ■•< frnme
iV 1j. hives and H frame metnl corner Stait'l.ird
Jiivos, both kind.s well painted. Hybrids $10.00. Three
banded Italians $11. 00. Plenty stores for winter.
The sKme in well made (,iuinb\- hives, box room for
'.)() to lOO lbs., 8 frames size of ,siandard, SI/jO extra.

H. PALISIKR, Hart, Oceana Co., Mich.
[We knovv Mr. P. to be responaible and trust-
worthy.—Ed.]

20 c6LOTIES~ITALIAf BEES

-^Irong in bees, ami honey to last till si)ring. witli a
"liollar" Queen raised from Importeil mothers in e.ach
hive. Straight combs— frames iiixl7 inches. Deliv-
ered at express ollice in good order on rec't of price.
it-! Id H. XKSIUT, Cyntbiana, Kv.

Foil HAi^ii:.

1 n A rOB.ONIKS, 40 in Langstroth. and 80 in box
4<^V hives. I'vice $1. ancl $n. Purchasers must at-
tend to' packing; and removal. 1 am going South.
(i. H. JJVlUiS. Pratt's Hollow, Madison Co., N. Y.

ILiLlJSTUAXED
SPRING AIVI> FAL,L, CATAI^OGrES

are puldishod and sent with

The Airiei-ietin Grai'ilen :;

Q.iia,rterly .Touma.1 of CJardcn Art.

Only Ten Cents a year ! Send it to your friends !
BEACH, SON & CO. ; Seedsmen ;

7 Barclay Street, New York City.

Public Sale of Bass.

1 shall offer for sale at auction—
'20 S7'AyDS OF ITALTAy AND BLACK BEES,
half in frame, and half in box hives, at my residence
in PAGEVILLE, MEIGS CO., OHIO, on the Athens
and PoMEKOY Stage Route, on iSalurday Oct. 16, '75.
Up S. A. DYKE.

I>0]V"T' FOllGI^T IT.

■^ee advertisement headed as above in tliis paper.

=DE-V-OXEID E^SICLTJSI^V-EL.-'S' TO BEES .A^KTID HOnSTE^S-
V0I.IIL

OCTOBER 1, 1875.

No. X.

[For GleaniiiETS.]
HO^fEY A:VD its ADirL,TE rations.

BT A CITY I5EE-KEEPEK.

^ntsjjIIE solid part of lionejs examined under the mi-

J| croscope. is sure to consist of myriads of regular-
==J ly formed crystals; these crys'tals arc for the
most part exceedingly tliin and brittle, so that many
oftliemare Ijroken and imperfect: but wlien entire,
rhey consist of six-sided piJisms. They appear to be
iileiitical in form with those of cane" sugar. Inter-
min?;Ied witli the crystals may also ho seen pollen
.irraiiules of different forms, sizes and stnicture; these
are in such jjcrfect condition that in many cases thej'
may be refeiTcd to the plants from which the honey
was procui'cd. This is a verj- interesting and beauti-
ful fact in relation to honey. The bees in collecting
the honey from the (lowers, also carry away with them
some of the pollen ; now this pollen consists of com-
)>lex utricles or cells, dillering in size, shape and or-
ganization, in <iiflerent plants, and in diflerent orders
of (ilants, so that the observer acquainted with the
character of the pollen of flowering plants, will be en-
abled in many cases to determine whether any partic-
ular honey submitted to his examination was collect-
ed from flowers of foreign or native growth, wdiether
from field, garden or mountain.

I have made some highly interesting observations
in connection with honey; one showing in a very
striking manner the amazing industry manifested by
the bee" in the collection of honey. In examining the
l)lossoms of our meadows, some years since, 1 was
surprised to observe that there was scarcely one th.M
had arrived at maturity that did not exhibit, usually
on the upper surface of the corolla, one or more dark
spots caused by jierforations. The conjecture at once
occuiTcd to me, that these perforations were made by
the bees in their search for noney, and in order to lac-
ilitate its abstraction from the tubular shaped flowers.
It was not long before the correctness of this conject-
ure was ascertained. The bees, on alighting on the
flowers, almost constantly inserted their probosces
through the aiiertiires already made, or they pierced
fresh ones. Now of the countless myriads ofblossoms
in the field, there was scarcely one mature one observ-
ed by me which had not been perforated.

A Very good way of obtaining the pollen of honey
lor microscopic examination is to dissolve a teaspoon-
inl or so of tlie lioney in water contained in a conical
glass, and to examine a little of the sediment vvbich
suljsides in the course of a lew minutes, and which in
some honeys is very considerable. The water causes
the granules to change in form in some cases, ami so
the better ))lan is to view the pollen as contained in
the Inid jiart of the honey. Another useful plan is to
collect and examine the honey ot flowers from which
the bees are sujiposed to have gathered their honey,
and to search in this for similar pollen granules.

The more usual adulterations of honey are various
forms of starch and cane sugars. Other adulterations
useil for "candied" honey are chalk, i>l;istcr of Paris
and pipe clav. The starch is adilcd not only for the
sake of weight and bulk, but also to improve the color
of very dark lioney, and to correct a sharp and acidu-
lous taste which old honey is apt to acquire.

Of the adidterations practiceil upon honey, some arc
very easy of detection, and others diflicult. if not im-
liossible. The general method of proceeding in the
examination of honey with a view to iliscover whether
it is adulterated or not. is as follows :—

A little of the honey is to be examined under the mi-
croscope, when if it contains unboiled starch, the
granules will be visible, and may be identified bv the
characters which they ])rescnt. If none are to be seen,
a small quantity of tincture of iodine is to be added,

which will show whether the starch is present in any
form. The starch, as well as anv insoluble and inor-
ganic material which may be present, mav .also be di-;-
covered by dissolving a portion of the bonev in warm
water, and then a deposit will occur after a time.
This dej)Osit should be examined, in the lirsi instance,
with the microscope, and if it is not found to Ije of an
organic nature, it most probabh- consists of chalk.
For the cjuantitive determination of inorg.anic matters
in honey, nothing more is requisite in ordinary cases
than to collect, dry and weigh the residues deposited
from the solution of a given (juantity of honev in wa-
ter, or to take the weight of the ash.'

The adulterations of honey, the discoverv of which
is more difficult, are those with the cane and grai)e su -
gars. There are three ways in which the i>resence ot
cane siigar in honey may be determined, two of them
being supplied by the microscope.

The first is by the size and esi)cciallv by the Oiick-
ness of the crystals of sugar; their shaije is essentially
the same as that of honey. The crystals of cane sugar,
as found in honey, difl'er from those of that substance
in being much larger, thicker and less regular in
shape; the anodes being acted upon by the fluid part
of the honey, and in part melted down.

The second is, supposing brown sugar to have been
used, by the presence of the sugar acari, discernable
either on the surface of a solution of honey in water,
or in the residue dejiosited from it.

The third method is chemical. Orape sugar is sepa-
rated from cane sugar by means of Fehling's solution ;
the sngaa* which remains is of course cane sugar; it
may be procured, by means of alcohol, from the resi-
due left on evaporation. This method must be resort-
ed to in those cases in which the cane sugar has been
added in the state of syrup, when in consequence the
crystals are thus destroyed.

'''he adulteration ol'lioa^y, which so far as we are
aware it is scarcely possible to detect in many cases,
is that by grape sugar or glucose, sir.ce these possess
the same chemical ])ropcrties as the sugar of houey.
As glucose is usually made by boiling with sulphuric
acid, and as the excess of th'is is sometimes neutral-
ized with chalk, the presence of cousiilerable quanti-
ties of sulphate of lime aflbrds strong evidence of adul-
teration with sugar of starch.

We coufess the idea is uew to us in regard to
the houey coutaiuiug polleu tills, aud a rather
hasty experiineut lias uot euabled us to discov-
er thciu. We should be much pleased to hear
from others iu regard to the matter. If the sed-
iment were pollen granules, v."c should rather
expect it to float. However, ''City Bee-keeper"
may know much better than we, and we tender
him thauks for l(is valuable coiumunicatiou.
We have l^een for several years much interest-
ed in trying to liiid where the bees were forag-
ing, and in uiany cases have been quite suc-
cessful. When working on the touch-me-not
they show the queer white spot we have men-
tioned, when on pumpkins, melons, etc., they
are covered with a yellow powder; when on
the boneset and eupatorium family, this pow-
der is white; when going to cider mills we can
usually detect it b}' their dirty noses and daub-
ed appearance generally. We remember one
day duniig a drouth, seeing a colony whose
bees came in heavily laden with something,
and yet with an uuuiistakable air of soberly

132

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

Oct.

"doiii^ their duty," — far diftereiit froin their
motions wlien ;it tlie cidvv mills, or robbing, —
that rbr a long time l)afflo(I us ; und it was not
until we discovered one "sou of toil" with
muddy feet, that it dawned on lis that they
were only carryhi2,' water. A vi.sit to the creek
.sliowed them loadiuu: vip from the pebbles, and
the one we saw had iiro!):ii)ly slipped oil".

THE OTH.EK SI©K ©F BEK CrLiTrRE.

ii'"TlrIE following, at least in substance, was
41) sent us some time ago, and refused on the
ground that — although containing some truth,
— it was too great an exaggeration :

Editor Wkstkun Ki:ka!. :— Thinking that the good
of all conceiiied demands ihal both sines oi' all suh-
jects should be shovvn up and believing mysell' to be
among the most siiccesslul lioney producers in this
couniiy, I think it would not Ije out of place lor me to
say a few words through your columns, should you
have room for light matter.

The bee journals lead tlieir readers to believe that
apiculture is about the most prolitablc business on
earth, while statisti<;s show that more barks have
foundereii on tlie rocks of bee-keeping than almost
any other business known. If we throw aside the
worthless "modern im))rovements'' (so called), we see
little or nctliing more to warrant success, than wc liad
twenty years ago. The honey-emptying machine is
the source of much tliin, sour honey, besides being
the instrument wiiicli has made the system of nianii-
I'jLLturing iKniey possil)le. I'oor extracted honey lias
injured the reputation of comb honey, and now near-
ly every city and town in the United States is drugged
\l'itli iioney. if any one is inclined to doubt this as-
sertion, you can satisiy yourself by talking with honey
deaU'is in >our own city.

While I liuve worked very liard at lioney producing
and have been favored l)y fortune as it were, ;as my
nnnu;;l' re])orts shove) what liave I made lor all my
pain^ '.■' 1 have now :if-2,00U invested in the most risky
,-.tock 1 know of, and if my } ear's income shoultl equal
I hat of iny neighbor wlio wuiks in the eaijacity of
cieik, witli nothing invested, my rei)ort would appear
on the first page ct every bee journal in tlie land.

The outlookior the lioney producer is darker to-aaj-
than for yeais i)ast. Put your protluets where you
will, anil you meet a competiiion tliat drugs the
)naiket. Talie Irom the market manulactured honey,
and ail honey that cost the producer double what U
is selling for, and there would still remain a surplus.
We must not forget that bee-keeping as a business,
was run inio and out of before we were born.

You wid noiice that nearly all of our leaders in
this ••fascinating pursuit,"' no sooner get tlie business
■well learned than they eliange their tactics and en-
gage in furnishing "apiarian 8ui)piies" (send stamp
i'or circular); go into the water-cure business, or
some other less 'fascinating"' business. The cost of
honey is ever falsely esiimated, until tlie producer
makes the business a specially, devoting his wliole
lime anil attention to ii, when all at once he finds
out that every pound of honey he ever raised cost
all or more than he got for it. The sjiecialist can
alwi'.ys produce goods clieaiter than any other man-
niaeiiircr or prodiuier can. <J a:\iks IIkddon.

Cans Co., Mich.

Very well, friend 11, we v/ill all sell out and
apply to our next store for a situation as clerk.
There is room for us all, and they (ilwaijs get
good pay, wear nice clothes, and don't have
mnch to do. Besides it dou't make much dif-
ference whether they have earnfcd a rcputatiou
for fuithfulUess and honesty or not. Mr. Pal-
mer o'" Hart, Mich., has i^ccn a clerk, and yet
the foolish man has gone out into the woods,
persists in keeping bees, and insists that lie can
raise money in this manner even more <iuickly.
Aside from the profits of his own Apiary, this
season, he has been so rash as to go into a proj-
ect like the following: A banker in Hart who
has observed the way in which he has handled
bees for a few seasons past, gave him !fGO().((0
last May, with orders to go and purchase 40

colonics of Adam Grimm. This he did, and lo-
cated them 2,' .2 miles from his own Apiary.
Mr. P. was to take all charge of them, for
which he was to have half the net proceeds of
sale of honey and liees, and to divide the stock
equally at the end of o years. Now here is the
funny part: the company bees have in just 4
months prodivced bee's and honey to the value
of over *500.00, and yet the original stock is
left in tine trim for winter, worth at least all
they cost, and yet ^Ir. P. has visited them no
oftenerthan once in one or two weeks.

Mo3{.\L. Adam Grimm always has bees to
sell, the swamps and forests of Michigan al-
ways yield honey, comb honey in such section
frames always sells at sight, and the "unlucky"
ones can sell out in the fall, and buy more of
Grimm in the spring.

[For Gleanings.]
DOOLITTI.E'S KEPOKT.

■^"'^J) been silent for some time, we are not out
ot the bee business as. perhaps you have in-
ferred from the discouraged tone of our last
writing. By referring to pages 7G and 95 pres-
ent volume, it will be seen we were only 46
very weak colonies on the 20th of ]VIay, and
had given up all hopes of anj^ prolit from our
bees this year. From June 17th to the 22iul
wc had to keep close watch of our bees every
day, as they were in really a starving condi-
tion. In the morning there was scarcely a
drop of honey to be seen, but at night there
would be a little sparkling in the ceHs.

Locust yielded very little. The trees had a
merry hum of bees in them yet the hives
showed that they did not get more than they
consumed. June 23rd clover began to yield
sparingly and continued to do so until the 27th,
when it became cold and wet and honey gath-
ering ceased until July 2ml. Our bees com-
menced to swiirni about this time and obtained
honey enough to keep them swarming prettj'
lively until up to the 10th. At that time we
concluded to .-.warm the remaining 15 that had
not swarmed, ourselves, as we wished to get
back our old number if v:c did not get any
honey.

Bees got but little more than a living from
this time to the IGth when basswood and tea-
sel opened. After cutting out all drone comi)
aud getting all combs straightened generalh",
we found but combs enough for 70 hives, so we
contined our new swarms to live frames and
by the 20th they had them tilled with nice
straight worker comb. We spread them apart
at that time and put in each alternate space an
empty comb, putting the boxes on. Basswood
did not seem to yield much honey until ^A\^•.
25th, yet the strongest swarms had connnenced
in boxes from what they got from teas^el.

On the25lh basswood was full of hone.y and
such a roar from bees we never heard. The
air was full of them all day and at night near-
ly every swarm was seeing which could make
their combs grow fastest. The 2Gtli aud
27th were nearly as good days and basswood
was gone. Teasel lasted until Aug. 10th and
yielded pretty fairly when bees could work on
it, but the first five days of Aug. were so cold
and rainy they did nothing. Buckwheat

1875.

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

VZ:i

opened on tlie llth ami tlie l>ees store! lioney from
it lor live tliiys, wlien it ceiiscil to secrete lioney ami
our lioney havest was over for 1S75. We liave at
(late 108 colonies (but shall jro into winter wiih only
100) and liavi' taken 1^18 Ihs. box honey ami ;!() lbs. ex-
tracted, or a little over 1<n> His. to each of our 4(1 we.ak
colonies in tlie si)rin!;-. We sliouUl pjive, in refranl to
^retting box honey, same directions we gave on page
IS.i. Vol. '2, and on pages 20 and tSS in-esenl Vol.

We have rcduccil onr Standard CJallu)) hives all to
nine frames vet we think we have lioney enough in
them for winter, i. e. .r) lbs. each. We ha<l about 1:!(10
lbs. of buckwheat, and the rest was white. We have
sold our white honey here at '25 cts. per lb., and dark
at V>)i. l*erh;»ps we'eould have done better by hold-
ing it, hut as we were all torn \i\) luiilding, we .had no
l)lace to store it for any length of time. We are satis-
fied more than ever tliat what we said in regard to
profit in bee-keeping on page 135, Vnl. 2, was not over
estimated. " Ci. M. Doolitii.i:.

Borodino, N. Y., Sep/. V,)fJu 'T"i.

NOTES BY rilE WAY.

BY A. I. HOOT.

gSlEPT. 14th.— O/i, the ain^. E. C. Blakeslee
1^ informs lis thatiftlio comb loundations
are attached to the frames oiil}'- by the top, the
waves or bnlecs such as we have mentioned
when the frame is tilled, Avill be entirely obvi-
ated. Hives must be level, of course.

Street, car. — Lady has basket, — bottle in it,
— asked to look at it ; — 2 lb. jar honey, — lalK-led
"Nunn Bros. & Co., Oberlin, O.," — cost 42c. re-
tail,— very thick and very white.

Nortliern Ohio Fair. — Half a dozen patent
hives, all by one man who takes no Bee Jour-
nals, and who evidently tries to use as much
lumber and complication as possible, in their
construction. Some beautiful honey in the
Isham boxes, but no extracted.

Dr. ^{tlisbun/^s been, — see page 134, Vol. 2, —
are suffering some for want of care, but are
now getting honey of a peculiar odor, so strong
.^s to make the air about the hive rather un-
jileasant. It has the appearance and caste of
golden rod, but the raw honey smells almost
sour.

1 : 30 P. Jf. Jacl-son, Mrh.— Two hours to
wait for train — can't sit still — one-half hour
luintiug for J. Butler's residence — went to two
tiroceries and found only Perrine's honey at
about oOc per lb.— at thinl found golden rod
honey both box and extracted. — 30 and 20c —
walked 3 miles — dust and sun- — warm welcome
— cominencf'd dinner — saw liives through, the
ojien door — went out — beautiful autumn honej'
in boxes, ^fr. B. gets all his surplus now from
autumn flowers, yet got none ten years ago.

Mr. B. has the turi" cut aw?y, and the hives
nicely sawdusted in front.

Suspended hive has shown 9 lbs. per day.
Promises to tell us how he makes Italians make
comb lioney. Was kindly taken to the train at
a 2:40 pace and tlien found it a half hour
behind time.

Michigan ! ]Micliigan I What seas of many
lined blosscnns, float before the open
window of our car. "\S'e never, never before
saw so mneli beauty.

3:15 P. M. — Why does not some bee-keeper
util;7,e the acres of swamp land that are now a
yellow sea of flowers near Charlotte, Mich.V

\lth — Pentir(iier.—\\'ii\'k(.'i\ 3 or 4 miles out
into the country to .see Mr. Stanhope. Found
the family all away, but had the pleasure of
seeiniT a multitude of hives scattered on a

southern liillside amid a beautiful lot of line
tlirifty fruit trees. From the appearance of
many of Ihe new hives, Iiastilv scattered
about, we should infer tliat he to(j had had
abundant swarming. Mr. S. is situated in a
clearing in the midst of the wood, yet the com
fort and i)lenty that surround him, aside from
the hives, woukl make almost any one wish \u
be similarly situated. A bright looking hoe
stood near by us, and the clean rows of cab-
bages etc., and the dark light soil made w^
long to get hold of it and help. After oir
trani]!, we found at tea, some btauliful bass-
wood honey in section frames, that came from
H. Palmer's Apiary; these sections were ex-
tremely neat, and the perfectly sealed honey,
the clean and tidy appearance of the whole
Avere a surprise even to us.

ISth — Visited 3Ir. Palmer yesterday, and was
delighted to find that he is making the wild
flowers jviy in real earnest.

Considerably over 100 neat tasty hives were
arranged hexngonally tibout his bee house, and
the heaps of neat sections full of the most
beautiful comb honey, have we fear almost
turned our head — i, e, toward comb honey.

In the first place Mr. P. is a rare mechanic
and in this region of cheap lumber, his neat
foot-power buzz saw— far ahead of our own,
only he hasn't any wind-mill — is made to make
Simplicity, Standard, Quinby. and in fact al-
most all kinds of hives to a degree of perfec-
tion in workmanship, that is very far ahead of
anything we have ever done. Mr. P. has this
season been using about 7.") Quinby hives,
made with a frame the size of the Standard,
and he decides that for comb honey, and for
hiiuM'lf to manage, he would use them in j^lace
of any other.

It is to be taken into account that he ha«
only used them one summer, and that witli his
workmanship they certainly are beautiful.
The sample hive Mr. Quinby sent us is not to
be rompared with his in workmanship. He
reasons thus ; the bits of comb built on the tojj
and around the combs of sus])endcd frame
hives, (that have to be constantly scraped off) in
time amount to as much wax as we loseiu
selling comb honey, and his light, neatly fitting
closed end frames entirely prevent all this.
This with the other advantages of the Q. frame
already mentioned, is certainly (|nite an item.

The Harbison section frames illustrated on
page 8 current Vol., are just about like those
mentioned, except that he uses very thin lum-
ber, and they are sold with the honey, not to
be returned. We like this feature because the
consumer gets the cletm pine frame every time,
and we must say again, that nothing we have
ever seen, in the way of honey, can compare
with these pure clean S(|uare cakes of perfectly
sealed lioney, they are retailed frame and all,
for 35 cents.

The fruit, vegetables, arrangement of the
barns, etc., about the residence so favorably
impressed us that we finally ejaculated, "It
must be friend P. that you take the Aimrican
Af/ricidturifit." "To be sure I do," said he, and
then we had a fresh topic.

AVhile there we saw him offer :i colony of
bees for !'?12,50, or !*;l4.n0, if to be delivered in
good condition in the spring; making the risk
of wintering §1.50.

i'34

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

Oct.

arts, owiv apjaky,

ij^EPT. Isit. As sure as yon live our bees
^^ too, arc getting honey again. For several
days the}^ have been unusually Inis.y, and to-
day the scales actually show i^ lb. clear gain.
No'.v we have been feeding about a dozen
stocks for the past ten days, — we do uot wish
now to feed in the .open air, because quite a
number have snftlcieut for winter, — and we had
quite a curiosity to see whether those fed last
ivening would go out to the fields with the
same ambition as those not fed ; there is no
doubt about it, they do not, l)ut before coming
to a hasty decision, perhaps we had better in-
quire if the feeding has really made them lazy.
How did a dozen colonies come to be on the
verge of starvation when others had abun-
dance for winter ? We are very much inclined
to think that they had so little just because
they were poor workers, ?.nd that they do not
go out now for the same reason, and 7ioi be-
cause we have been feeding them. One of these
indolent ones is a colony about three-fourths
black bees, and our best working stocks are
mostly of the imported strain of blood. Before
dropping the subject we wish to say that feed-
ing can be made to keep a good colony at
home daring a heavy yield oif honey, and to
avoid this we would feed only at night and in
such small (}uantities that it may be all out of
the Avay before morning.

A. coliee sugar costs us by the barrel, 10>.<
cts., and yellow C, S%; we gave two colonies
of about equal strength and both having
young Queens, just 5 lbs. of sugar, one the for-
mer and the other th'.' latter kind, with a view
of testing the comb building qualities of each.
Although the yellow sugar was taken up with
less avidity, it certainly produced the most
comb, — sec page H, — and, so far as we can see,
seems to give best results in lirood rearing.

Tiie syrup from this yellow sugar appears in
the combs like dark honey It may do as well
for wintering, but we doubt it so much that we
would advise experimenting on a small scale
at first. For building up colonies in warm
weather we think it probably even better.

Perhaps the foreign matter may to some ex-
tent supply the place of pollen.

Syi. 2nd — We mentioned having 13 Queens
hatch in one day ; well, a (■jal)bath school picnic
and several other things so intervened, that we
were delayed in introducing several of them
until they were over 24 hours okl, and more
than half of these were killed at once. As soon
as let out of their cages they started on a run,
and of course the bees put after them full chase,
as such suspicious conduct seemed to warrant
something wrong. If the young Queen in her
fright emitted her peep of alarm, we felt that
it was just as well to set the register at "miss-
ing'", for we were sure on ournext visit, to find
Queen cells started.

The suspended hive shows ^4 lb. to-day, and
comb building has commenced even in colonies
that have had no feed. Those colonies are do-
ing best, that show from the white patches on
their backs that they arc working on the wild
touch-me-not,— see page 111, Vol. 2.,— and a trip
into the forests to-day sliows that an unus-
ual amount of honey is contained in the hollow

spur of the flower. On our visit of a year ago,
we found the bees going down into the flower
without a thought, apparently, of doing any
other way, but now, nearly every bee first ex-
amines this spur carefully, and strange to tell,
often finds a small oi'ifice cut through the side,
perhafps by the bumble bees, although we could
see no bees of any kind in the act of making
them. Well, the honey is drawn from the spur
much more expeditiously than by the old way
of pushing into the flower and then kicking and
scrabbling to get out backwards. How is it,
do bees too improve on former methods of do-
ing things, or is it only because this season dif-
fers from the last ? Each spur seenis to be
quite full of honey, and a dozen blossoms it
seems, should furnish a good load. We can
readily imagine that they might l)e very glad
to escape ruflling their fur the "wrong way" so
many times in the day, but what will Dame
Nature do now if the bees have really invented
a short cut for rifling the flowers of their hon-
ied treasurea without even so much as touch-
ing the pollen at all ? If it has taken ages to
complete the curious and beautiful structure
of the touch-me-not, so specially adapted to the
habits of our native bees, yet quite inadequate
to bailie the extra strength and euerg)' of our
new, imported, Italian friends in their zeal for
rapid accumulation of sweets, what will the
plant proceed to do next ?

Get your hats or bonnets, and come with us
to the woods one of these flue autumn morn-
ings, and if you have never before felt like bow-
ing in mute revei-ence and thankfulness before
the great Author of this mighty universe, stud
ythe insects and plants, and see what broad,
open pages are spread out before all who care
to use the facilities a kind Father has given us.

Sept. lotli.—ln looking over the hives as we
have just been doing, to see how manj' lacked
room lor the autumn wild flower honey that
is now accumulating at about the rate of l}.^
lbs. per day, we found a quilt that was so bad-
ly eaten through that we decided to discard it.
By the way, one piece of cloth will pi'ove to be
perfectly bee-proof in this respect, Avhile anoth-
er will be all eaten through,— and the way they
string the batting out at the front of the hive
is amusing, — yet both may be our favorite
Indian Head brand. We have never found any
fabric that will stand under all circumstances,
except the duck that we use for feeders, and
we have tried red flannel, satinet, and various
kinds of woolen goods in the house Apiary, as
a covering for the frames. For a while the},'
would do very well, but when the room became
quite warm, as we want it for comb building,
for instance, they would be sure to cut little
holes through ; to be sure they go back down
into these holes when it gets cool again, but
we prefer that they keep down on the combs.
It seems to encourage them in the habit of loaf-
ing that we have before spoken of. Well, we
threw the spoiled quilt across the trellis, and
gave them a new one, and by the wa}% if v/e
ever lay a thing down thinking we will take
care of it at some future time, we are sure to
forget it, and so it proved in this case; it was
not noticed again until afternoon, and we were
astonished to flnd it covered with bees busy
loading the propolis as they do pollen. Now
we wish to digi'ess here enough to say that our

1875

GLEANINGS IN BEE UULTURE.

12o

fjces liave some of them been busy on the red
clover for some days past, and we have been
<liute anxious to see about iiow muchoftlie
honey tluy were gettinij was from this same
red clover. By careful watcliiufj; we discover-
ed that these bot's always collected a dark
jj;reeu iKjllen while they worked on tJie clover,
and then we went to the hives and found the
.same bees going iu with the dark, unsightly
looking polTeu, and we decided to tell you all
that when you saw this pollen, your bees were
certainly at work on red clovei'. Now when
we found thiit this jn'opolis from the quilt was
precisely in iippcarauce like the clover pollen,
we concluded to "go slow" in drawing conclu-
sions.

To-day a visitor, on looking into the auger
hole entrances, remarked that the bees were
closing them up, and sure enough, they had
built walls or^sheets of propolis so perfect that
one entrance was reduced to the size of ones'
little ringer, and the funny part is that these
walls are all at the inner end of the tubes,
■close to the combs. Are we sure that they do
not know what is best for them, and is it not
right for them to coat the whole inside of their
hives with this propolis, at the approach of
cold weather ? We confess that having seen
,so many colonies winter nicely thus prepared,
— out of doors, — has given us quite a strong
notion of letting them fix their hives in the
house Apiar^^ just as they ivant them. See
page 1^4, Vol. 2.

i<ept. iltJi.- — Home once znore, and to confess
the truth, our own Apiary looks about as dis-
orderly as any we have seen. The weeds have
ii;rowu much iu our absence, ))nt the empty
boxes, sticks, rubbish, etc., that are scattered
about are certainly as we left then). Why is it
that such things always accumulate in the fall
months y It seems to ))e an easy matter to
keep tilings nejit in the spring and summer,
but when Irosty weather comes, things irlll get
to looking loose and disorderly, and when the
bees are buzzing about, trying to i'o)j each oth-
er, etc., somehow the wdioh; aspect seems dis-
j)iriting, and then we are very much inclined
to want to get away and forget all about them
in tl'.e discharge of some pleasanter duties.
Now this is all wrong; very likely our Apiary
needs more attention now, than during any
other month in the year, and we are going
td)out it at once to put everything in as nice
order as we know how, and then when we are
feeding, uniting W"eak colonies, examining
stores, etc., avc can feel thai such duties are a
pleasure, and not mere drudgery, and as a con-
se((uence they will stand a chance of being /cell
ifotie. Who among us all will have the neatest
and tidiest looking Apiary during the month
of Oct. ? You do not deserve to liave your bees
winter safely, if you do not see that all such
work is faitiifully attended to Just as soon as
thisnvimber reaches you.

\HHAT A LAOV t'A.^ OO.

- /• SELL at 20 cts. at home, but have about 3 barrels
];([ which I would ship. Can you ndvise me ? It's all
— ~J heavy, gootl quality honey, ouc bariel mixed with
buckwheat which givc.s it a red(li^^h catt snul rather
dark, and -J barrel? rich yellow lionuy. 1 am not ac-
••ustoiiied to assorting: and claisifyinjc the honey, so
•■an't tuU just whatit is made ot." A little of every
tiling I guess, as we have almost all kimls of blossoms
in this section, and bees take their choice. I have

have ill );(i(iil .stocks IVom 10 last

taken -U:y, lljs.
■spring.

Have you niblici- gloves, ;.nd jirice :■' I believe my
bees are related t<j the Kgyiiiiaiis, lor ihev areso cros.-,.
Mus, i\l. A. i;;i,i,s, Osn'eo,

Sept. hilli, ls7r.. Jlilltdale Co.. Mich.

We can give you no other advice in selling
honey than, to develop your home markets as
we have advised in back numbers. If you
have a large cr(^p go personally and see the
grocers or dealers in honey for, if necessary, 40
or -GO miles around, and if they will not buy,
arrange to leave it on commission. iSee lliat
they ktej) samples in a couKpltnious place, ;ind
keep them neat. Of course this will cost mon-
ey, but it is the only way to prevent the city
jobbers from otl'ering yim ten cents for lioney
that is to be sold to the <;onsumer i'ov fifty. If
you can arrange that the consumer pay 25, and
you get 20, it is jilain that both parties ari'
greatly benelited. Our recent visit has given
us an insight into the city niarket,s, and ena-
bled us to comprehend how even ^romen — beg
ging your j)aixlon, ladies, — in the state of Mich-
igan, can from 10 colonies get over a ton of
honey, Ixisides increasing to 40.

^i*! m

REPORT FROm JAl^iES BOEIN.

^^pJ^ljilJEND iNOVlCE:— I think the seasc
JiHI ' uiay be safely set down as being at oa<
*!!* and poorest 1 have ever known,— th

season of 187.'»
once the best
,— the best lor
rearing bees, and poorest for surplus honey. Fruit
blossoms were destroye<l to a great extent b.y frost in
Ai)ril. Of white clover there has been any amount all
siunmer, and even at this date there is slid considera-
ble to be louml, but so far as yielding honey, or at
least surjilus, is coucerned, it has been almost a lail-
ure, owing to the wet weather. Basswood standing
in the forest did not IjIossoiu to any extent, but a nian-
ber of small trees that 1 set out in the springs ol" '71
and '72, were literaiiy covered witli blossoms, and I
might add. with bees.

Ji they may be taken as a samitle of what trans-
planled"trecs will do when those in the woods lail, a
basswood orchard would be a good investment.

Jiees procured honey enougli during the summer to
keep the.ii breeding freely, but not enough to lih up
the brood combs so as to prevent the i^ueens I'roni
laying enougli to keep the hives full ot bees at all
times; that is, where the Queens were as proliiie as
they sliould be. Any Queen that would not keep her
colony strong under such oircumfctances, was rated in
my Aidary, as a four cent one, and her head pinch-
ed 01)'.

1 had a i)rctty fair exami)le of the difference between
4 cent aucl §25.00 (Queens this season. 1 had a few of
the former last spring, and their colonics merely man-
ageil to live while they were ruled by such cheap sov-
ereigns, while others," that were no stronger early in
the season, but having s^2r).0O Queens, cdmmenced
swarming in Mav, and one of the swarms swarmed
Jul" 4th, after lilling their liive and tix 4 lb. boxes.
Moral : pinch oil' tlie iieads of all 4 cent Queen.s.

At no time during t)ie siunmer lias the jield of hon-
ev been sudicieni Vo prevent a frame of emjity coinb
that was inserted in the center of a colony having a
good Queen, froni being Jilled with eggs; and an emp-
ty frame inserted in the same way has almost invaria-
bly been lilted with worker cond), whii-li is seldom
tlie case when lionev is i)lenty.

I have never had natural swarms till so large a pro-
portion of their frames with worker comb as they
have this season. This is no doubt owing to the poor
yield ef lioncy, the bees not being cramped for storage
room.

Owing to the large number of workers and their
persistent labors, more than to anything like a good
yield of honey at any time iluring the season, they
have been graduallv lilling up their hives until they
are well sujjplied with winter stores, and will yield
some surplus, but not one-fourth of what 1 ex;>ected.
1 cannot tell yet je.st what the vield will be, as much
of it is on the hives yet. It wilt i.robably be aljout one
ton -all comb lioney.

JSees will go into winter .juarters stronger in num-
bers than thev ever have since I have kept tlieui.

J.\MKS ISoMN.

Went Lvdi, O., Scj't- !»</(, '75.

V2G

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

Oct.

Gleanings in Bee Culture,

Publisiscd

MoKtliiy,

EDITOR A N D P R 0 P R I E T 0 R .

MEDINA

, OHIO.

llnchiding Postage^
For Club Bates see Last Page.

IvrE3DI3Sr.A.3 OCT- 1, ISTS-

Thon hast Ijeon liiithlul over a lew thingb, I will
iiKike thee ruler over many. -Mat., xxv, 21.

AuE you "laithrul" willi your "lew" colonies ?

We are lesting a "Kussian'' (Jueen. Particulars
ni.'.xt month.

"To bee or not to bee," as the man said when he
got lionie ami lound a sv.arm of 'em settled on his
tront door-knob.

Wk consider rubber gloves, or any other lor hand-
ling bees, worse than useless ; has any one found
iliflcrently ?

W'li fear we have .been a little rough on friend Coc's
Apiary on jiage U'A. The complications we referred
to are the expensive ventilators, and the painted en-
trances. Q'he hives are very simple and cheap, for
comb honey. Yet we think Mr. Coe's claims in the
.1. U. J., much too strong.

Vi'K are very :5orry indeed that we of necessitj-
]ias»ed by some of oitr best friends in our recent trip,
init we had a special route to take, and only had
time to make very biief calls; besides had we un-
dertaken to call on all our friends in Michigan, we
>hould not have been able to get hon;e' before next
spring.

IvV our absence IMiss A. occupied the "chair editori-
al," and has handleil the reins so well that we have
hai'dly an additional Suggestion to make, unless it be
tliat "A Mine of Sweetness" on page 130, should have
a nsore severe lebuke. It is one of a numerous class
of sensational items that are going the rounds of the
press, and are sure to be received in perfect good
iiiiih by a large class of jieople who have no means of
knowing the utter impossibility and alisurdity of such
.statements.

Wi; were much pleased by a brief call from friend
Newman, of the A. B. J., a few weeks ago, and we
take pleasure in assuring our readers that he has a
sincere desire to make all matters of business perfect-
ly fair and satisfactory, and that when mistakes do
occur, they may rest assured the}' are unintentional.
>Vnd while we arc about it, we may say the same of
the Kdilors of the Mai/azine and ]\'urld; in our corres-
jionilonce with them, we have always found them
ready to stand a jiersonal loss, rather than to have
misunderstandings, and dissatisfaction.

As friends Butler of Jackson, Townley of Tompkins,
I'rof. Cook, and the sisteis we visitcd,'all have suc-
cesstully jiracticed wintering by covering the hives
with a large box, and filling in bVtwecn with straw or
chair, it would be foUj in us to ignore such authority.
We will give an article on the sul)ject from Towiile.v
next month. Ho says the hives should be put up for
winter now, while every thing is dry, and that the
covering over ihem must be perfectly water-proof.
We verily believe that the trosts of October and No-
vember do mucli injury, so we are much in favor of
putting bees up early." \Ve would have all secure as

soon as Nov. 1st at least. Now lest our beginners go
heavily on this ])lan, we will say that it is not oidy la-
borious with many hives, but really more expensive
than a bee-house ; and the untidiness incident to so
much litter is really much against it. The advantage
is that tlie bees areat all times ready for a tty, when-
ever the weatlier is propitious, as they are in the
house Apiarj', yet many reports of disastrous fail-
ures have been sent in, when every thing, so far as
we coukl learn, was as as Mr. Town'iey advises.

Sept. 2S;?<,.— A frost liaving (;ut oil" all supplies du-
ring our absence, we found all brood-rearing stopped
ana no eggs or iarvaj to be lound in any of the hives.
The bees were so cross that it was almost out of the
(luestion to attempt to handle them, and robbers were
on hand at every turn. As it woidd take some time
to get feeders oil all the hives, we lilled 12 feeders
and placed them in the open air, to see if we could
noticed them into a better humor. We had hardly
reckoned on the force that 108 colonies coidd send
out, and came very near being frightened at the result,
but it all turned out well with the excei)tion ot many
bees that were killed in the cjuarrel to see whicii
should get most. To-day we have made a larger feed-
er, and leil about 2.5 lbs. of sugar in about two hours;
we made tlie syrup qviite thiii— sweetened water in
fact— and the result has been quite satisfactory. We
can now open hives without smoke, the tjueeug are
all laying ami pollen is coming in at a very satisfacto-
ry rate. If very thick syruii is used they gorge them-
selves, and theii get down in the dirt and are lost.

t^cpt. •i'Jlh.—Onr out-door feeding is not very satis-
tory; so mucli excitement, results in the loss ol many
bees, yet tlrese may be only old ones. At present we
know of no method of feeding so sure and economical
both in time and sugar, as the Universal feeder. The
larger part of our colonies liave store>3 enough, and
as these only need a little to keep up brood-rearing
during this month, we supply this by feeding dry yel-
low sugar in the open air ; this proiiuces no unheal-
thy excitement.

NOTES BY THE ^VAY.
Continued from page 12;5.

20^/i. — Manistee. — Dr. Ellis commenced with
2 colonies in tlie spring, ami now has G in good
condition for winter, and lia.^ taken 135 lbs.
with the extractor, — this with !)lack bees.
They v/ere ted notiiing, and are building comb
and storing honey now.

We pnrchased one of Perrine's tumblers of
honey at the grocer's ; price 40c. for about ^-4
lb. The li(iuid portion we judge to be princi-
pally glucose and sugar, but it is certainly
pleasant to our taste, and if honestly labeletl
and sold at a fair price, wo cannot see that it is
objectionable.

)llst — Not to be impartial we should mention
that we have had an cxtremeli/ pleasant visit
with two remarkably intelligent sisters wiio
have recently' commenced to keep bees. Altho'
both seem to have their time fully occupied iu
the discharge of sucli duties as usnallj- pertain
to a life on tlie farm, they have tliis season se-
cured from lu colonies, 250 lbs. of beautiful
honey in small, light frames, 500 lbs. or over.
ext'd, and increased to 2(i stocks, most of which
have twice the amount of stores needed for
winter. As we estimate it, their receipts will
exceed expenses, — they have Icept accounts
very neatly, — more than $150.00, valuing in-
crease at $10.00 each. Their bees are mostly
line Italians, and some of the best are from a$l.
Queen I'rom our county. They have no clover,
but an abundance of honey Irom the tireweed
in the fall, and we were aslonislied to find this
honey very white, and of a pleasant taste.
The extreme neatness of their honey, — both
kinds, — when prepared for sale, and its beauti-
ful transparency and whiteness mivke lis feel
ashamed of our own.

f^^

GLEAI^INGS IN BEE CUTiTUltE.

As we now Icjok out of the car wiiulDw at the
.thvwoed iil'tcr it liasgoiu' to seed, it soonis tUui
thousands upon th<.>usauils of colonics might
;irosi)cr ill the wild hiiids of Michiiriiii. Who
will Uei'clop th,'s <ri\-dX iiulustrv V Empty
"Combs in liiis region would be uf immense val-
ue, .juilging JVom the way in which tjje combs
tire all bulged out with honey.

21,v/. ./*. . I/.— Called oix Mi: !.,.(". Whiting,
Saginaw. 8aw a hive that has alread^y given
'Wo /n/Mib-ed <ind iwi-niy lbs. box hone^', antl j'ct
more than 40 lbs. are on it now, j-eady to be rc-
jiioved, and tlie sojue hive has given 50 lbs. ex-
tracted, besides furnisJiing frames of lu'ood for
•111 artificial colony. Although in the citv-, his
'l)ees ai'cyet building beautiful, whit/c coml)and
-billing it with tlii.s saiiKs white, lire weed honey.

'i'^lhd. — During;! spare half hour we visited
the grocers of Saginaw. Comb honey sells for
from "iT) to iiOc, and no really nice lioney was to
l)e found. The bo.xes orseclions were all dark
tind covered with propolis, which can all be
-I voided if the bees are kept fron.i the outside of
them. Tlie Harbison section, or soiucthing
like it, can be put in market looking as clean
;uul bright as when it fir,-t leaves the buzz .saw.
Vou can select very white lumt)er for them,
make them thin, and always sell them with tlie
iioney ; never take tliem back to be retilled, —
the}' cost le-ss than Ic.each. The grocers — no-
wheix? did we iind extracted at les.s than 2oc.,
-ind it was not neatly put up. Our marble ta-
ble, we think, would do a thriving ])usinoss in
«ucli a city. Perriue's honey, dark and untidy,
was found all around at tiie usual prices, but
it was a drug, as it deserves to be.

By the way, why cannot all dealers be plefis-
ant y One man seemed to get nnidat everything
we could say in regard to liouey, — that allho'
iie had sold several tons at '^oc, could buy all
l\<i wanted at 15, would not give 2U for the lin-
<L^t that ever was, and held a clironic bitterness
toward all bee-keepers. Otliers talked in a
friendly- way, and seemed to feel that producer
and retailer niigJit, nay, sJiouhl have a friendly
interest in each other's occupations even if
prices do now and tlien liuctuate unpleasantly.

'i'Ard. — We liave been more pleased than we
■an tell, with our visit to the College Farm at
Ijausiii.g, and we >-hall always feel undrr obli-
gations to our friend Cook (Prof, of Entomolo-
gy) for tlie many courtesies shown us. Altho'
the College Apiary "petered out" entirely last
winter, througli, we suppose, putting a dozen
stocks in a bee-house tliat was not proof
against ;^1 degrees below zero ; they started in
the spring by purchasing <^w colonies, and these
iiave been increased to eight good ones besides
turnishlug honev that was sold to the amount
of $80.00, (iJilO.OO more than cost of original
stock,) and more is to be taken from them. As
IJee Culture is one oi the branches taught, we
iiad the privilege of talking to the students,
and we can earnestly pray that more of the
young men of our country may l)e induced to
clioose the pursuit of Agriculture for a liveli-
iiood.as have the 150 (about tiiat number) intel-
ligent, attentive, and pleasant faced students
tliat were gathered before us. ^Ve do not see
how (iny one who has auy idea of irorking for
a living, can help catching the enthusia.sm that
seems to pervade e\-ery depai-tment, from the

beautiful greenhouses, all the way chiwn to the

hog-pens. Prof. C. gave us the following ileui •

Mrs. liaJvcr of Lansing, — by the way. this lady

is the wife of Col. Baker <n the Booth iragedy,

I — commenced last season with two '-oloiiies,

I and the same season increa.sfd tliem Uj eight,

j and sold lioney t<i> several times tlic vahnjoftJsf

original stock, this too, alone and unaidcfl, save

by the«r/';/<v of Prof. Cook.

Tliis afternoon we, in oonnjiany »vith tJjc
Prof., had a most interesting visit with our old
friend and sut)scril>er, John L. Davis, of J>elJii.
j\Ir. D. has this season increased o!) stocks to
K>0, and has about 2^500 lbs. comb luniey, and
1000 extracted. Says lie couUl have .secured
nearly twice as much, had he given them prop-
er attention. Thinks about 5 limes as much
extracted, as comb honey can be secured when
properly managed. Mr. D. has kept l)ees suc-
cessfully for 40 years, and has never hail any
losses by wintering wortii mentioning. IIi>
ideas are substantuiUy the same as our own.
For particulars, see his coutributioius in our
back volumes.

24/!//.— Visited James Bolia's Apiary. It is
really a miniature city with its 150 neatly
painted hives, pretty bee house, tasty thnver
garden and grape vines. His report will be
found elsewhere. "We also visited the Apiary
of Dr. Kubard, Mr. Scothorn and Mr. Heater,
of 1^'lat Hock, Seneca Co., O. The latter looks
fair, but as all three of thes'; Apiaries have
have been much increased, and some of them
by novices, they have but little surplu.s to re-
port. We don't want to see any more l)ets or
lioue}' just now, we want to see all the ""dear
ones at hom<?," and home we have started on
a bee line, — but wait a minute, — our triji to
Mich, lias not been a selected one. it w;is a
random route so far as bee-keepers were con-
cerned. We only called on those whose atl*
dresses we could remember, having no list of
them. There are hundreds of Just such suc-
cesses,— is not IVh". Heddon answered '/

One more item : nearly all we called on apol-
ogised for not having lines in better oriler, —
didn't expect us, etc. Had we better not tell
you all to constantly expect us?

P. S. — We pulled hives all to pieces nearly
everywhere we went, iiseil no sinoke or vail,
and have not been stung since vyc left home, —
others were,— no credit due us, for nearly all
our friends tiehave very badly when the bees
begin to look into their countenances. Besides
they don't dig the grass up liektre the hives,
and .stand them level and hexagonally, at least
very few of them do. Homkw.\u;d.

P. S. No. 2.— \Ve haven't seen one well made
nicely littiug quilt since leaving home.

25//>.— Didn't sleep in the cars lid night,
hence were in tine trim to scramble among the
rocks, before breakfast, at the liiKs in Elyria.
Felt so much refreshed that we went through
the groceries in pursuit of honey again. This
town is almost destitute of honey, and all we
could find in the comb, was a panful in a show
window, that our readers, we think, would be
careful to keep out of siirht. Quart jars of ex-
tracted retail for 00c. \\ hy do not hotels use
lioney V Although we have found all the del-
icacies of the season on the tables of our large,
city hotels, yet we have failed to find a liit of
honey of any kind.

13S

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

Oct'

^r|~«|| DITOUS of Gleanings:— My lather, Aflam
Mm Grimm, ordered me to reijiiest vou to state in
ii~l your Honey Column, thai he lias IG.OOO llts. of

extracted chjver and linden honey, in barrels and fir-
kins, of 37o and 200 lbs. respectively, on hand, which
is for sale at 15 els. per lb.

GEOitGE GKiini, Jefferson, Wis., Sept. 21st, '75.

Put me in vour 'H.onev Column for 3 barrels of fall
li (iney at 123;; cts. per lb., vet, here, and 500 or 1000 Ib.s.
i>r fafl comb iioney at 20 cts. net, here.

.,'AMio.s Hkui>on, Dowagiac, Mich.; Sept. 20ih, '75.

Tiiis has been rather a poor season for bees in our
hicality, but I have increased 12 swarms to 27, anil
will market about 8i)() lbs. of honey.

K. A. ZiMMEiiMAS, Lansing, la., Sep,. 20th, "75.

DE.VR Gleanings •.—! have on hand and for sale
about -lOJU lbs. of nice extracted honey. The same is
nicelv put up in waxed casl^s, and will be delivered
on board cars at Shelbina, at 11 cts. per lb. Sami)le
sent if desired. M. E. McMasteu, Shelbyville, Mo.

[have thrown out about 40 gallons of honey, it is
very thick. I only extracted those frames that were
sealed, and those that were heaviest. 1 will sell a
barrel of it at ISc per lb., package included. 1 h.ive
it in jars, it is granulating fast. 1 sell it at 2Uc in
a small way. Jt)iiN W. WiiiTK.

Chatham theatre, Medina Co., O., July 2tilh, '75.

me as saying that your extractor is jxir excellence it-
self if you desire. It is so easy to run, and yt suffi-
ciently strong to answer every purpose.

A. J t-'ooK, Lansing, Mich., Sept. 21st, '75.

I?«i'laliiiiijr to Bee Culture.

[We respectfully solicit the aid of our friends in
conducting this ("le|iartiiient, and would consider it
a favor to" have theiu send us all circulars that hav(5
a deceptive ap)jearance. The greatest care will l>e at
all times maintained to prevent injustice being done
any one.]

Commenced with .5, and have increased to 11, (all
full for winter) and dxtracted i>l(i lbs. honey.

You say you want the Honey Column tilled u]) and
also ask why honey does not "sell in the cities. "It
means to me," do hot throw it out until it is cured,
and then you can S"ll it near home if the honey buy-
ers will not pay eiitnigh. Once a week 1 lind will not
do, anil believe it should not be thrown out oftener
than once in two weeks. The labor of uncajiping is
more, but it pays in satisfaction given. I have aliout
\W\) lbs. to spare— 300 lbs. old honey—which 1 would
he irlad to get 15 cts. for.

Wm. H. S. Gii()t:T, Poland Centre, N. Y.

Our ideas exactly, except that although it
may have takeatvvo weeks to ripen, this sea-
son, it will during a droutii frequently ripen
as well in one week, or even in three days at
tiaus ; although we thought our honey was
very tiiick this season, we feel ashamed of it
afcer seeing such (juantities that wt^s so much
better. Even honey that is capped over
is not always thi(;k. If you take a jar and give
it a shake, yon can readily see liow thick the
lioney is ; in cool Aveather it should move very
slowly when the jar is turned on its side. If,
like ourselves, you liave some on your hands j
that is too thin, you had better go to the both- j
er of evaporating it by slow lieat, and then |
iiMike up your mind that you will never take j
out any moi'c sucli thin lioney. i

The following from Prof. Cook might seem j
a little contradictory, did we not know that |
tlie season has been quite dry at the College
Farm. Very likely our honey would not make
one sick, friend Cook, but we had about a half
))arrcl that really 'commenced to sour. What
is most singular to us, is that the thick honey
settled to the bottom and was drawn olVlirst,
while the raw, unripened honey rose to the top
and commenced to spoil.

Our bees have done exceedingly well this year.
Proiits ijer colony not less than $30.00. We liave had
rather a dry year. Heavy rains during bloom are very
injurious.

That lioney extracted before it is cai)i)ed is harmful
or unpleasant is all wrong. We have given such hon-
ey each season for the last three years to 150 students,
with no complaint, and perfect satisfai'.tion. It is far
less liable to produce sickness than thick honey.
That is oitr experience every time. Voii may quote

MiR. A. ROOT, Sir :-Please write me if A. Gray &
Co. have quit selling apiarian supplies ; or are
I they dead, removed, or scoundrels ? I sent

them money in a registereil letter last April, for a
wa.x extractor ; they got it, for 1 have the receipt. 1
have written them two letters since and they do not
reply. If it is a bogus company all bee-keepers
ought to know it.

i). L. IJULEK, South Fairfield, Lenawee Co., Mich.

We are sorry to be obliged to say that your
money is probablj^ liopelessly lost, and that
you are fortunate in not having sent them a
larger sum. A similar complaint is at hand
from one who sent them the monej' for an ex-
tractor— all letters are taken out of the office,
but no answer of any kind can be obtained.

ME'I'HOjD of SECIKIIVG HONEY AND
TAKKIVCi CARE OF BEES.

V.X ONE WHO SE( LIKED 2(i0 LISS. COJIIJ IIONEY AND 50
LI5S. EXT"J> EltOM ONE COLONS' THIS SEASON.

pTsjlHE spring management consists in confining the
J«| bees by means of a division board, on as many
"I combs'as tliey can well cover, and no more;
thus economizing the heat to facilitate brood-rear-
ing. Now feeit ttaily or allow the bees to pass under
the division board, and obtain their lood from lioney
stored in another part of the hive. Getting their food
in this way causes them to feed the Queen as if ob-
taining honey from blossoms. Feeding the Queen
causes her to lay.

This work should be done so as to have a numerous
colony when the harvest of blossoms on which you
depend makes its appearance. If this harvest is fruit
blossoms, the work should be done early in the spring,
if while clover is the main crop, later in the season
will answer as well. Profit is obtained in bee-keeping
fronj strong swarms only.

When these are secured, ample room to store honey
shoiUd be given, by placing boxes over the brood
chamber.

When they have a box two-thirds filled, put under
an empty one. in passing througli this U> reach their
Viartly filled box, those that are delayed iu entering
llie upper one will begin to bidltl in the lower.

Continue this process until there is room for all the
bees to work without crowding. Tlie workers will
store more or IctS honey in the brood chamber; this
should be extracted, and the empty comb placed be-
tween partly cajiped brood combs. The Queen is
much more "likely to llU these combs with eggs if
placed in the centVe of the brood chamber, thus keep-
ing the brood combs for brood only.

To prevent swarming give more space in the brood
chamber, or take away a frame of brood and place an
empty frame betweentwo straight combs in tlie cen-
ter of the. brood chamber.

The brood taken away^ can be given to a weaker
swarm or used to build new colonies. If an increase
of swarms is the object, divide a populous hive when
tliere is an abundance of honey to be gathered. The
colony left by this process wiliiout a i>ueen will ini-
mediately commence to build (iueen cells. When
these are capped over make as many nuclei as there
arc (iueen cells, or as may be desired, giving eacli a
Queen cell. Now build these up with frames of brood
from strong swarms. As soon as tlioy are able, give
them room to build comb, using a division board the
sa'ne as for spring treatment.

^Vhen strong enough give box room for storing hon-
ey as above directed. It is generally conceded that
bees winter best in a cool, dry and dark room, kept at
a uniform temperature. L. C. Whiting.

East 8a(jinaw, Mich.

1875.

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

1-5)

PRO.M DIFFERENT FIELDS.

-1 n'J;151-l^NJ> NOVICK :--'J'lus lias proved Uvc poorest
;?ri season for honey 1 have known in luy cxperi-
— '. enceol's years." W'liite clover is our main ile-
;iendencc lure; Ihero v;is an alumihuH'e of il. as usu-
al, hut it 'lid not appear to yield honey ol' any uc<'oiint.
One cause, however, ol iny small yield is the amounl
ol' black hloud iniroduecdinto my slock— having )tur-
<hased largely in my anxiety to become a bin bee man.
However, ihrowing'asidc luy ideas ot visionary proJits,

I shall make a fair summer's work of il. INIy leisure
time in <.'on.se<iuence of lack of lioney. 1 am improving
by Italianizing my bees, and making changes in every
direction. 1 am full of hope for the future, and shall
not knowingly omit .any necessary iireparation for
Jicxt season's "campaign."

1 too am JiaU-hing Queens by lamplight ; aint it jolly
fun ? Give us a picture of "the '•Octagonal Apiary'
when veil get everything arranged lovely. Go on aiid
j>rosper in every way, but don't, more than you can
hel)>, li.K uj) nice, cosily affairs lor your pets, find then
tell us how charming they are— it makes us feel bail to
Jhink we can't liave such". G. C. Millek,

Mt Hanley, Annapolis Co.,N. S. Aug. 12th, '76-
Just as soou as it is decided that "house
Apiaries" are really a success, we shall try to
see how cheaply they can be made. Perhaps
by clipping ott" all needless expenses, and bring-
ing it down to the very closest figures, we raa}',
<is with the .$1.00 hive, find that we are really
better ofl", in having all that is needful and noth-
ing more.^

Please permit me to talk to you in a friendly way,
the way in which all true bee-keepers should address
each other; and first, I don't like you to use the old,
hackneyetl term '"Xovice", when yoii are iiot a novice
ill bee-culture; a moment's careful thought will show
you that 1 am right in the position here taken. The
lerm "Novice" Is liable to deceive, whi(;h I know and
leel you have no desire to do.

Although you and 1 difler on many points, we agree
in the main. I must sav' that your suggestions in i-ela-
lion to Queen raising, "in the Sept. number, are tlie
best 1 have ever seen ;— there maj' be a little sellish-
ncss on this point, for your experience and mine agree
almost exactly. 1 have bri'd the Italian bee since 1861,
and very carefully loo, changing blood every two
years, and my experience with Queens is similar
10 your own.

And now again I must scold you a little, do you not
think the dollar Queens have a tendencv to depreciate
pure Italian stock '' I cannot raise j^Mce tlalian Queens
at Sl.OO each, neither can you; audit forced to com-
])ete with Sl.OO Queens I shall most surely buy them of
j)artics who are willing to insure them, as it woukl not
l>ay me '-' ijer cent on money invested, to raise and sell
them at that price.

For every Queen 1 sell [insured] I get SS.OO, to those
who introduce themselves I sell at ift-OO each ; and 1
•shall put my bees to honey gathering when I cease to
realize these figures, as "it will pay me much belter
t.han Queen raising. I have taken as much as 113 lbs.

II o/. of honey and an artificial swarm from a single
colony, so you need not wonder that I do not take any
stock in the one dollar Queen business. "15."

Thank you, friend "B.", we like plain letters,
above all things. In regard to "Novice," it
seems to us that so long as we lose bees at the
rate we have done for several winters past, we
all might with equal propriety be termed "nov-
ices." Again, it is our friends who seem to
prefer to address us thus, and as we dislike to
put into our contril)utors' letters anything they
do not say, we cannot well do otherwise than
let them say "Dear Novice," if they wish. ''Vox
populi, etc."

As to §1.00 Queens, alas for theorizing ! the
time for discussing the matter has gone by.
It is now quite a large and profitable industry,
^profittible alike to the purchaser and pro-
ducer, and we fear you have not kept pace with
the times, or you would see that every $1.00
Queen rearer is of late using only imported

mothers. Do you mean that we could not rear
1000 Queens in a season with lOOstocksof bees •'
If ice cannot, we liave many readtrx who can.

Last year I I'xiieiimentcd. feeiiing .'! slocks svru))
of coffee A. sugar lor tlie puipose of comb build-
ing. I used the tea-kettle leeder, and was but
a short time feeiiing a barrel of .sugar. I <-onc.iiid(d il
didn't pay. This summer 1 tried iceding lor the same
l)urpose, again, using about a pint of svrup a <lav.
made of brown sugar costing from 8 to '.) cents per lb.
The result has been very salislaciorv. One slock la
late swarm with a young l^ieen) (ronsuucled !* worker
comb.s and i drone coinbs. Another, (also a late swavm
with a young Queen) after constructing 2 or ;! worker
combs, commenced drone eouil). 1 llien took away all
tlieir combs but one, gave them two empty combs, and
they made worker comb again. 1 tliought 1 woubl
try a slock witJi an old Queen, that Jiail not swarmed,
and was <juile strong; (by the way, i call lliis my lazy
stock as it did not gather half a"s much honey" as i"t
should considering its size), lint they built "drone
comb almost from the first. This may have been ow-
ing partly to the fact that I fed Diema ipiart jier day,
instead of a pint as I ditl the others.

The cost, leaving out of the account the drone comb,
was about 3.!)c. per square loot, from which Is lo be de-
ilucted the syrup storeti in the ujjper paiT of some of
the combs and the value of the brood with which the
combs were well lilled ; this would reduce the expense
considerably below o.")c. As to how mu(di honey was
being obtained from the fields you can judge Irom the
fact that one of my stocks got "out of slores, and com-
menced to drag out the immature brood.

1 have been trying somt; of Mr. 'Limg^s, foundations.
To fasten them 1 just slijjped out the guiilo of a Stand-
ard Irame, bent about a ijuarter of an inch of the upper
edge of the foundation at right angles, covereil il with
the guide, and lacked it in the centre of the top bar.
Of course the guide is shortened enough so thai tliere
will be room lor it between the two end jiieces, and is
lai<l tlatwise on the one fourth of an inch or more of
comb foundation bent at right angles. The founda-
tions are verj' nice, but I am satisfied thai I can get
combs constructed cheaper without them, than 1 can
with them at a cost of &l.u(i per pound.

E. KiMPTON, Cedar Creek, N. J. Aug. KJtli, 'T.').

All experiments of our own, result quite sat-
isfactorily in favor of the i^oundalions, ;ind
particularly, because the bees will draw up the
wax of the foundations into lieautiful cells, on
an amount of feed that would not induce them
to build comb at all. In one case they raised
cells in a comb, — or sheet of foundations, rath-
er,— that was placed in an empty upper story,
and this at a time when they were getting so
little honey that they would not have built
combs even had an empty frame been placed di-
rectly in the centre of the lu'ood.

Again, in the experiment mentioned else-
where, we gave two colonies 5 lljs. sugar each,
and a third one a much less quantity ; now the
latter finished one most beautiful comb from
the foundations, and the one having the yellow
sugar made two similar ones, while the one that
had the 5 lbs. of coffee A. sugar did u(jt build
new comb to the amount of ly of a frame full.
Now although we feel sure we are right, yet
we may be mistaken, there are so many circum-
stances to be taken into consideration, and we
shall be verygladtohear from others who have
made like experiments.

Sept. ia;7j— The Mag. for Sept. is just at hand,
and in it we see that Mr. D. M. Quiuby has
made a great blunder in supi)osing that the
bees uselhe foundations, leaving the wax of
the thickness that Mr. F.mig makes it; where-
as, it is all brought to the most delicate thin-
ness, before any honey is dejiosited in it at all.
Some of that furnished by Mr. L. was so ex-
tremely white and delicate, that we Avrote him
asking if it were not something besides wax,
but his reply was that it was pure wax simply

T80'

GXKIKINGS m B'EE CULTD'R'E-

Cycr.

bleached in the sun. In our opinion nothing
r/i,/i be nicer for eonib honey tlian the bleached
wax tbiin<lation, and we have ffi'eat hopes that
by its aid we may eventually furnish b/eautiful
coTnl) honev at son^ethiu;; like the price of cx-
f racted. Mr. Q. is ri,2;ht in saying that we often
have nice coni]> honey spoiled by a ]iiece of old
tough comb that lias iTeen used as a guide, and
it is just here that we are going to profift, for
the foundations make the most beautiful, white,
delicate guides that can be imagined, and ftre
very easily fastened in the lx>xes. We feel sor-
ry til at Mr. Q's article was allowed to appear
in print, before being submitted to some one
who had really made a practical test of the ar-
titical ('omb for box honey.

FraEN'D NOVICE :— A severe frost on the '22ikT of
.Vug. put a stop to onr honey business. Up to that
lime we hail taken about 4000 lbs. from the r,0 stocks
we had in the spring, and W3 now have GO, with hon-
ey enongh to winter them, I think. Have had no of-
ler for my crop, would take about Uc., rtis niostly
Wliite clover, and very nice.

Have iu<t ^I'ttlcd with KarnnTCister & Co. of Chicajro
for navt of lasc year's crop ; tliey dissolved partnersiiip
with l)iit little t') i^ay their debts, ami I tinall}' settled
with their? ftn- ^'ic. or. tlve dollar, being a loss to nie of
over SlOir.OO. Kernberger (one of tlie Co.,) still does
bii-iiness at the old stand, and advertises in the A. B.
J. for more honev. 1 hope he will not tlnd n>any so
grrecn as J. L. W'olvkmden, of Adam?, Wis.

We give the above, not with a wisli to in-
jure any one who does ijusiness honestly, but to
\yarn those of our readers v/ho have honey to
sell, against falling into the same trap that
friend W. did. Be sure your honey, — -if not
sold at home, — goes to a responsible party.

A correspondent sends the following-:

A MINE OK SWEETNESS.

Oenerally when we hear of rich strikes it is m the
g^old or silver line, but this time it turns out to be hon-
ey, pure and sweet. A few days since, as the work-
nten on the tunnel at Cajon Pass were hauling over
some roclis they came across a deposit of honey, and
taking a pole and running it into the mountiiin. were
suriirised to fimfno bottom. They got a long pole
.'»on7e twenty feet in length, and were unable to touch
bottom with that. ITpon withdrawing the i)ole tlie
lioiiey began to run out, and soon tubs, buckets, and
two barrels were lillcd, and still it flowed. Some par-
ties came into town and loaded up with barrels, nnd
proi>ose to make a business of it. Tlir-y put in a charge
of powder and blew otT a portion of the rock, which
disclosed tons upon tons of honey. Oar informant
jrtates that after exploring it from below to wher(> tlie
l)ces were found to enter, it was found to i>e one-fouvth
of a mile, and in his opinion the whole cavity is tilled
with honey. He estimates over one hundreil tons in
night, and'believes that one thousami tons would not
be an unfair estimate. This immense ileposit cannot
be equalled by any ever found. Ac(Mrilii>g t'l the
;0)ove estimate it would take every l>arre! and hogs-
head in San Bernardino to hold it.

Ho I for California. 'Tis said its fruits li\ck
flavor, its stories certainly don't.

Gleanings:— I wrote you in Aug. that 1 had one
swarm in which much of the brood died aljour ihe
time it should have been sealeii. The <)ueen wa-^ old.
Since then they have vaiscl a young l^ueen. Not one
cell containingd'-ad lirood is to be found. Have never
seen (Simon Pure) foul brood, but tear it. Is thci'e
any danger of introducing it with t^ueens ?

OCCASHI.N'ALLV.

We have hat! no experience with foul brood,
and hope to be exempt. We certainly would
not like Queens sent from an Apiary in which
it prevailed.

GLEANiKds:— Our Tf) colonies have increased 10 175

sold lb of them— extracted only 2000 Ihs. honey.

Will get as much more this fall, if the wild .\ster is

Hot dried up too much. Bees have gathered enough

at all times this year to keep up breeding. We will'
have our 100 colonies shipped from Indianapolis here-
for winter, in tlias moDtb. They have done ]>oorly up-
there, too n?uch rain. BAiiN'r\s & lli.rroN.

Edgefield Junction, Tenn., f?ept. 0th, '7.>.

Does change of locality for winteriryg, or for
short tim-es (luring heavy yield's of honej', real-
ly pay ? Will not those v;'ho liavehad experi-
ence report V

O'ur bees comjm'eiiced gathering honey Aug. !)tli, and
contiiiue to bring it in rapidly ; 7>j- lbs. from one hive
i^ our best yield per day so far. We con»m«nced ex-
tracting Aug. -iOth, took '2>i 41 gal. bWs., ami have a'--
nmch more readv. and we'll go for rt in a few minutes,.
T. E. Haatkins & Bko., New Frankfort, Mo,

P. P.— 57 hives and one bos are our num>ber:

Mr. a. I. ROOT, Dear Sir:— Yoiir sanTple cf honev
rec'd. It does not ecjual the (luality of honey raised'
here. As 1 am the only one in the vi-cihity using' an
extractor, I liave to fufiiisb a (irst quality of honev in
order to sell. I a.m a beginner in bee-keeping. I re-
ceived the lith day of May from' l>a<l:ai>t & Son, 4 col-
onies of Italians, ;? of theni in good order, the O'ther so
weak that I rec'd but little help in builrVrng up my
nun>l)er. I n-ow have 11 ^ood colonie.s, tbey have
made abwit loO lbs. like the sample I semi you. Shall
have from two to three hundred ll)s. of fall honey if
the frost holds off as late as it usually iToes. VVe had
no fruit blossoms, so' nty bees niade no honey nnli'
white clover came into bloom. I have taken no honey
from the lower story. I had also tlie inconvenisncc
oi \ta,vm^ to Xise tibxt different sizc^ uf jvuiree in onk
hioc as well as not having a Mrs. O; to help. I would
like to sec a Katie Grimm or any other Katie who'
could sling out a barrel of siwh honey as mfne in one
day. 1 wouUi try hard to convince h'cr that Mrs.
Katie Oliver would be a much prettier nam-e for her.
C'liAS. Oi.iVEii, spring. Pa.. Sept. 13th. ''"•.

We can thoroiTghly understand your trials
with different sizes of frame. It's so provo-
king after making all our plans for building
up a nice colony, to find the fran>es wont go
where we want them to.

We are sure that somewliere iii the wide
world there must be many Katies-, if one were
only fortunate enough to find them. TMamonds
in the rough, perhaps, close by us. You know
about "entertijining angels unawares."

We have had a good honey eeason hwo. I liave ta-
ken from 8 stocksand their swarms, over ISX) lb?, of
honey. Bees all black. Have received tliis fall no
less than 7 tested Italian (Jueens. and so far have only
succeeded in introrlucing- 3. I followed the plan of
preventing swarming as far as possible until the hon-
ey season was over, but shall not do so again. Have-
had fearful work, since the middle of August. witU
roboing ;.found it impossible to open a hive. I have
now 14 stocks in fair order, but not so gooil as they
would have been, could I have foreseen tint the sea-
son would close by the middle of August. It was the
same last year, biit was then salrl to'be exceptional.
I have had bees for only 2 vears, but so far have been
rather fortunate. S. C. Be'n'sett.

Smith Lake, Minn., Sept. 11th, ".J.

My honey harvest so far. has been fair, and if I d>>
as well the remainder of this month as in years past, I
shall be well satisfied. I have a little over 700 lbs. of
extracted honey, taken mostly from tliree hives.
About the l.'ith of Aug.. I extracted fro\n one hive 47
lbs., and in four days extra(;ted from same hive 4 1 'j
lbs. The other two ditl almost as well, the hive is a
one storv with 20 frames. It was the finest as well as
whitest honey I ever saw. It was gathered principal-
Iv from the blue Verv;jin which grows here on the
riv(!r bottoms in great abumlancc. The remainder of
my hives f have worked for box honev, liave taken
alreadv over 100 lbs. from several of them, and they
are filling np linely again— think I will p-et some of
them up to 300 lbs. Kept them from swarming most-
ly, having only two swarms more than I commenced
with last spring.

Now I wish to goss/p a little about a lx;e house. It
is a little singular that so many just now. happen to
have an idea of a bee house. ! once thought I would
not have one if it were given to me, and I would not.
like mo.'^t I have seen. ■ My nearest neighbor has one—
1 know it is for bees, for Tca:i see ihrouyh ihe cracks-

£.875,

«LEANIN<3S IN BEE tlULTURE.

IDl

(he !*helves ok". He never i)ut bees in it Init once—
Jill t.)ioil of bees.

Tlii.s ln^giiiir of liives has set me lhinkji\y that u
.hou#e wiUi hives in snimiHr i\in\ .•i-itltr ami large
eiuni,!il» to h-'yjre iioiiey and tools, svoul'l Ire just wJiat
*.-> needed. I ilo not want anyllihiy to do wiili a lioiiso
that is not host jirool and sure to wiiitef, lor uiy cel-
lar lias never tailed lo winter well. .\nd now a word
al.'ont eelUr.s, Oi course ihe^' should lie dry and dark,
iiut 1 have an idcu, that liie sitliuj;-rooja o\('r ihis
>-ellar witli a eousiant lire niglii and day -wile and
■ hiUlren ruiniinj;' ilowii cellar a liall do/.eii limes iier
t\n\, dues tJu'jii .HO harm, hilt raUur !ii)i>'l, lo s;iy noili-
ing ot iJie lhum])ing of the iiiano above them. > Ou
.s?fci my idea. But lo the bee house. In thinkinji; the
aiiatteV over, 1 ilon't see liow 1 can colle<a lio.\ honey
in \onrho<^ise, or any ot)ier l^ir ilial matter, with my
ideas of wJialii hive lor box honey sJionld be.

The only eliance to j)la<;e boxes, that 1 can .see, is on I
top anil Uick side from the entr;ince to the hive. Mow j
Ju one style of my hives (sanie frame jJtoes in both) tiie ]
boxes are; .at Uie'end of Jranies as well as on top, in i
tlie other style uhe entrance is at the end (tJie end
•board is removable) with iJiree tiers of boxes over tiio
.same, while over tiie frames 1 use ilarbtso^i's style of
small frame or ciise. 1 (Minnot sec how 1 can use side
■or end boxes and have it handy, y/ilhout ^reat waste
•'jfroom. <^i<in you Jielp me? Vour house, in form
Auits nic much. "aiRl 1 think it must be just the thing
where tlie objtvt is to extract honey.

As you have tuitto. Faulkner's ana Coc'.s Ijcc houses, I
would like your opinion which is best.

Yours truly, l{. II. Mkllen.

Ambo;-, Ills., Sept. 8th, '7f>.

We have seen Coe's liotise Apiary, but only
n description -with drawiue.-. of Faulkner's,
•jiid to be frauli, botli seem to eml^iotly a mass
of complicated tixtures that would be wor.se
tliau useless to us. If you use the Standard
Irame or staud the L. frame on end, you can
jiut boxes both on the sides and top as you
wish; very likely boxes at the end of the
i'rames would be preferable. We agree that
tJie house should Ix; frost proof, ))ut after tiiis
is done, the expense of hives is far less than
even the bimplicities.

like it. still it Kiows in spile of them, and we (as l.ei-
keepers) rejoice in its ell'orts to supi>ly our bees with a
most <leficious lioney, a perie-ct amber in color. '1 lien
we have for a lall plant the Itocky Mountain iiee
I'lant. You jii-st oiigiit to Uisle the honey Iroin it, it is
two weeks since 1 lasted it. and methinks i can tasltr
it yet. 1 1 is now in lull bloom.

'i.'w<.) weeks ai;o I ojiened one of my Iiives and found
no brood in it and but very lew ej^gs, while all otlitrs
were full of brood ; but this had '. or 7 Irames litcriilly
erjwnined with honey. Noiv liad they crowded the
l^'Ueen out, or iiad they lost and just replaced hei',
tlier<; were no diones in the hive ami niiiie in any of
the otliers. Tliese arc my two theories. Have you
any oUier ^ if so let's liave it.

CvuKs 11. uoi.u. Salt Lake Cily, Aug. :xth, '7").

We tliiuk, if there are other bees near you,
either theory may be correct.

DliAU NOVICE :- I have not told you wliat bad
■Uick 1 had wintering my bees bust season, but will tell
you now. Jjut don L put me in your column of "Kla-st-
vd Hopes," lor my hopes are not blasted, and in tact
'hey never were.

Well, 1 had iia stocks in ihe fall, and in the spring
J louud I had but 3 living. >rom iheni I iiave increas-
•ed to 14, iinU liave taken -ISO lbs. of as nice honey us
I ever saw\ There wa.s so mucli rain the jdrst oithe
reason that bees did but little, but Iroin the last of Ju-
ly to the juesent date, I never saw the liouey liar-
vest better. Mo frost yet, don't look lor any lor '1 or
."i week.s.

i liave several Queens from one of Dadaurs im-
jiorteit ones. 1 find them very prolilic, and their
workers are splendid honey gatherers, liees are
.still sv,ar2iiing here, I know ot several swarms that
'•ame ciV iliis week. Success to your house Apiary.
As ever, yours, Allred McMains,

Chariton, iowa, Sept. 11th, '75.

We are gltid, indeed, you're not a candidate
lor ''Blasted Hopes." We like the "merric"
iieart, under all circumstances.

FUIEN I) 1U>()T :— Your letter of infjuiry is received,
and I will give you a few items concerniiig my
bee business. I wintere<l 75 colonies, losing none. 1
purchas<jd tlio entire stock of bees belonging to K.
Gallup, consisting of 15 strong anil 3 weak colonies.
The season was remarkably poor until .luly ifiih, ^^llen
basswcod came into blossom. The lirst thr<'e days
were wet and col'.l. Commenced extracting the 'z(.i"iu
and continued till tlie ;Wth. 1 ha<l then taken over
7000 lbs.; have taken about 1-500 lbs. bo.\ honey ana the
hives are all lull of lioney and bees, and were i.e\er in
better condition. They are now bringing honey ironi
clover aiKl golilen roil. They have slioreu hoiiey suici-
the basswood liarvest continually. 1 hnd ready sale
at '20 cts. for extracted and 25 for comb honey. My
extracted honey is all of the linest quality.

J. W. LiNDLKY, Mitchell, Iowa, Sept. 10th, '75.

Has not Mother Nature giveu you western
people the advantage, in the larger quantities of
basswood suiiplied by her forests ':■ Docs it not
more than compensate for the lack of clover '(

And your western basswood honey has such
a nice riavor.

MK. HOOT, Sir ;— Yesterday, the 8th L received iii'-
extractor la good condition. Am well p'taseu with
ihe machine. 1 extracted 140 lbs. yesterday troni :w
trames. Uecs doing splendidly. There wilT be more
honey gathered this year than for several years past,
ij. VV. Kennedy, Carrol lioii, Mo., August li'Jlh, 'I.'!

To A. I. ROOT & Co., Gentlemen :— As I sec j ou
have no report from this Territory, I write yoti a few
items.

Bees have done well in this part of the globe, botli
ill increase of swarms and honey, with very little dis-
ease among them, though there is some foul brootl in
our miilst, in all cases of which, our conventions ad-
vise destroying bees and comb, so as to eradicate
it tiom our midst. At the last convention the whole-
wale price of honey was fixed at *Joc for extracted, and
•J.'j for comb. A good round jnice, don't you think so y
It will have to come lower than that befcire we can
drive the adulterated stulV (called by the above name)
tliat comes from East and West.

Our iirincipal bee pasturage in spring is fruit and
locust blossoms, though we liave almost every vari-
ety, in fact our cily loots like one vast llower garden
when they are iii blossom. Summer Alsikc and whits
clover, and sweet or Caliiornia clover which lasts un-
til frost comes and even alter, but oia- farmers do not

DEAR MOVICE:— rermit me a word to friend
Moore regarding the "house Apiary." On page 10'.) oi
<iLE.VNiN<JS lor Sept. he says, '-The idea that you and
Mr. Coe advance, that bees will not sting in the house
is all iiosh ; it won't go <iovvn.'' Now if "bosh" ana
'•n}t,n^t (JO ((own" mean anything naughty, 1 am sorry
they implicate '•Novice,'' as »«■ alone aic rei-ponsibic
lor the "idea'''' in question.

Mr. Moore is using a "Eaulkner House,"' and is no
doubt entirely correct in saying that he "would rather
by half handle bees out of doors," and that he "thinks
less of it every year he uses it. " But the "idea''' that
we "a<h'anrea" referred to"Coe's Apiary,"' which Mr.
Moore has never tested or even seen ; tonsequently,
he is not iiualilied to judge of its merits. As yet it has
not been olfered for sale, neither will it be, iiil thor-
oughly tested by practical bee-kcejiers. if it proves
vaiuaiile to ilie'lrattrniiy, and capable of overcom-
ing some of the dillicuHies now exi)erieiiced in bee
culture, the labor and money expenued in ))erffecting
it will never be regretted. A. tj. COE,

Mont Clair, X. J., Sept. lllh, "7r..

From all accounts there was but little honey taken
tills season in Caliiornia. Most of our A]iiaries have
no surplus, and many even have lo feed. 1 aid not get
a natural swarm this season t>ut of 170 bee hives. 1
get between S ami '.HH'O lbs. of extracted honey. Com-
pared with last year's crop of -.i'iooo lbs., it is a poor
season. The frost in April was the cause.

1'. I'HlLLiri'i, Los Angelos, Cal., Sept. 0th, ''v.

My bees have done nicely the present season, and

I have several tons of comb honey ready for market.

J. K. CiiANE, Rridport, Vt., Sciit. 3d, '7r>.

We have not had a very good season for honey.
The vield from clover was "fair which gave us plenty
of new swarms, but basswood was a failure. I win-
tered but one of 17 swarms. Uoiight six more ia June
for fJ4.iO, have increased to IS and taken -JOO lbs. hon-
ey, -"'0 lbs. box, balance extracted.

Daviu Hall, Warsaw, N. Y., Sei-d. iSth, 'lo.

isa

GLEANINGS IN BEU CULTURE.

Oct.

The way the bees have started this fall, in
many places where they had heretofore done
almost nothing: duriniithe past season, is aston-
ishing-. Listen:

Since the middle of Aug. g-ood stocks have brought
in atjont 2 lh«!. ))er day, strong ones more, and weak
one* less. The yield will continu'? till the frost cuts
the flowers off. About :{ acres of buckwheat within
range of mv bees. About lOO colonies in town.

T. G. McGa W.Monmouth, 111. Sept. 4th '75

DEARNOVICE:-Our bees have been ot but little
use until within the last ." weeks ; they are now doing
splendicily and making honev like fun. I am working
for l)n\; lioney mostiv, it sells for a little better price,
and much more readily than extracted honey. I sell
box honey and cannot'supiilv the demand at 35c. ; ex-
tracted, for 20c.. and but dull sale. We ai'e having a
terril^le time here, with our bees swnrming out. I am
not troubled so much as some of my neighbors.

It is a fearful task to go through our bees now and
keen the Queen celjs destroyed, everythinzis so cram-
med with honey. ' The general cry" is, "bees swarm-
in ir," "don't know what to do," etc.. etc. My neigh-
T)or, W. O. Parmenter, lias much trouble from his bees
swarming out; I have to laugh every time I see him ;
the fir.st thing is, "bees been swarming again." By the
way, he is coming ti« vour iilace this winter, visiting,
and you wi'l get eno\igh from him on the bee subject,
as I wantliim to get lull and run over enough so'that
I cm gar some good, practical ideas from your l>ee-
house, etc. But some more on this swarming question :
I don't think bees are so liable to swarm if they are
kept well ventilated aii<l shaded, with plenty of room
In which to work and store their surplus honey.

I make my honey boxes 12 inches long, by 6 wide,
with .Wholes for bees to pass through from below, and
one glass aide lengthwise of the box; I think putting
a small piece of comb 3 or 3 inches square, in the box.
(heating and sticking it in the top of the box,) makes
the bees commence working sooner.

Don't you think it late for the bees toswarm. and
would it not be best to put them back in the old hive
again, and give them more room above, with plenty of
ventilation ?

Wintering bees is the great question in this ijart of
the country. 1 have wintered mine for ;^ years in my
cellar, and am convinced that with proper care, it is
a good place to keep them in. My cellar is dry and
well ventilated by stove flue. I use the L. hives, put
them in, one on top of the other, leaving the lionev
boards on, with 4 holes open and top covering oQ". I
put the lower tier of hives about 3 or 3 feet from the
bottom of the cellar, with front of hive next to the
wall, and keep the cellar dark as jiossible. and at a
temperature of from ■10 toOOilegrees. I seldom if ev-
er lose a stand of bees kept in tliis way ; the main
thing is to keep them well ventilated, in order to allow
moisture to .pass off instead of congealing in the hive.
A cellar with a board floor woulil be best, I think.

A(!cept my regards and best wishes for yourself,

family and little "Blue E3'es."' (I have a little Grav

Eyes, about the same age; she doesn't fear a bee as

much as I do, and likes "lioney juice," as she calls it.)

I. N. Elliott, Chariton, Iowa. SeiH. 3nd '75.

It certainly wonld seem strange to iis to
have swarming in Sept., and if we could not
give the bees empty combs, or room in some
shape for all they might gatlicr, we sliould feel
that we were a "small" bee-keeper indeed.

Has no one tried the foundations in such a
case? We have little I'aith in the efficacy of
cutting out Queen cells, with the Italians, and
in fact M'e do not laiow that it ever did any
good with any bees. Plenty of room and emp-
ty combs have been abuntlantly proved, bnt is
it not possible that cutting out Queen cells is
only one of the errors that have been so long
copied that — V If tlie nights are cool we must
be careful about too much ventilation, but sha-
ding the hives we think quite important; — if
you don't use the house Apiary, plant the grape
vi nes.

In regard to that visit, we are always glad
to see our friends, but there are a great many
of them, and if you should come at a time when
we are very busy, as is often the case, you

might go away with a much poorer opinion of
us than you had before making the visit.

So far as our Apiary is concerned, yau ar^
all of you most heartily welcome, and we are
.glad to have you open hives, help j'ourselves to
honey, gi-ajDes, or whatever you wish, if y(M!
will pleasantly excuse us when we feel that du-
ty demands that we should keep an with the
work that very often is piled up before us.

Again, there is a class ot people (we are very
glad to be able to assure you, kind reader,
that y(yii are not one of theni,) who think and
even say, in fact, that they don't want a Jour-
nal, for they prefer to come and see how we do
things, and these people will sometimes come
on Saturday, and commence asking questions
that would be kept up all through the Sabbath,
had we not of late decided it to l>e a positive
duty to decline trying to answer them. They
will commence by asking why we place the
hives on the ground, then if there is such a
thing as a Queen in a hive, how \ve keep them
from swarming, how we raise Queens, how we
divide colonies, etc., etc., until we Would most
cheerfully make them a present of the whole
back volumes, and in fact, almost anything else.,
if they would only give us a little respite.
Very likely we had planned in the morning:
that a lot of goods was to be sent to some one
v.'ho had been waiting patientl}', or that a heap
of unanswered letters was to be attended to,
but yet night had come and it was all undone,
just for one individual who could not aflbrd to-
take Gleanings.

Of course this does not apply to those who
have followed lis through all our work for
years past, and who are qualified to teach as
well as to be taught, for such we are always
glad to see.

Bees have Ijcen doing well since the Ist of Aug..
and swarnied at a great rate up to Sept.; I returned
nearly all of my natural swarms in Aug.

Please state in Gle.\ni.\(,s if thei-e is any sale for
propolis ; how much is it usually worth ?

WiLLi.\M Trover, Annawan, 111., Sent, (ith, '75

Propolis':' Yes, who wants it':' We sliould
like very well to shake hands with some of our
readers who don't have any, when it gets the
ends of our fingers all stuck together, as it does
nowadays when we open hives.

Bees have been working sjilendidly for the past 4
weeks, white clover is yielding hoiiey now, which
it did not do last spring. J. Scuoll,

Lyons Station, Ind., Sept. pth, '75

P. S.— My 80 stocks wintered without loss.

E. BiioWN, Port Rowan, Ontario, Aug. 23d, '75

A neighbor who keeps a few bees, and winters
them on summer stands, experimented in the fol-
lowing manner: Three years ago lie suspended a col-
ony several inclies above tlie bottom board, and win-
tered them in that position. The following winter he
lost one half of liis bees, tliose left beingvcry weak,
except the suspended swarm, which seemed stronger
tiian before. At last accounts he expected to suspend
more colonies in tlie same manner. It appears to me
that in some localities bees need a great deal of ven-
tilation. O. F. Slough, CoUegeville, Pa., Aug. 31st, '75.

The same thing has been suggested several
times, but Ave believe it has not been found to
be of any particular advantage generally.

Having suflicient space between the comb-^
for the dead bees, etc., to fall below the combs,
may be a good idea, but we have the same thing
in all hives that have not built their combs
clear down, and we cannot learn that such
usually do any better than others.

AD VER TISERS ' DEPAR TMENT.

We will soiul (tI,i;am\(;s—

AVith The AnuM-ican \\w. Journal (Si.on) S-i.oO

'• The r.ce Kec>)HT\s Maira/.iiio ( 1.50) 2.()0

" The He.' World ('.'.0(1) •l.-V\

" All Unco, The lloo Journals of America,. ,

'• AnuM-iran Ajiriculluritfit (Sl.fiO)

•■ I'rairic I'arnu'r (.^2.1.5)

*' Hural New VorkcM- ($-2..')0)

" Scicntilic Auu'rican ($i.iri)

'• Fruit lU'corder and Cottage Gardener (ll.OO)
i.-Wiorv raien incliidc all Pnntiiftr.]

,..'). 00

.S2.10

..•2.(i5
...■5.00
...•5.(1,')
..1.50

Books for Bee-Keepers.

8KXT postiiaid on rpceii)t of price.

T.aiiL'^rrotli on the Hive and Honey Bee Si. 00

<,)uinliv"s M\-:iti'ries of Bee Keepincr L.^O

]^ee Keeper's Text Book, muslin, 75

*' " " " pajier, 40

These are the best, lint are all far behind the times.

Good Books.

These, tli(nia:]\ not specially designed for Bee-
keepers, have a tendency to iiicnlcate princi-
ples that ensure success in bee-keepinij as ■well
as almost all other rural pursuits.

The first on the list should be in the hands
of every one Avho has planted ijrape vines to
shade the hives, as we have advised.

Any of these books will be forwarded by mail, post-
priiil. on reeeijit of price.

Fuller's Grape Culturist SL.'iO

Fuller's Small Fruit Culturist I.-VI

Fuller's Strawberrv Culturist l.'>0

■ Fuller's Forest Tree Culturist I..'i0

Hondorson's Gai'deninc for Prolit l.r)i

Henderson's Practical Floriculture l..">o

Tim Bunker Papers I..^i0

Ten Acrps Fpo\isrh 1.2.T

Roosevolt's Five Acres too Much 1.50

Art of Saw Fil in? (Holly) 75

Window G-'vdeninar 1.50

Leuchar's How to build Hot-Hou=;es 1..50

Plav ami Protit in niv Ganlen. Rfv. F. P. Roe.. 1.50

Warinjr's Draining for Profit and Health 1.50

Onion Cultum -^O

Piirdy's Small Fruit Instructor '25

-Vdvertisem en ts will be received at the rate often
cents per line. Xonpariel space, each insertion, cash
in ailvance: and we require that every Advertiser
satisfies ns of liis responsibility and intention to do
.•dl that he atrreos. and that his goods are realb' worth
the price asl^ed for them.

-A^verill 01iem.ical 3Pa.int-

THF O.V/.l* RFT.TABLK.
TriK MOST UKAUTIFTTL.

THE yrnsT v:cono:viical.

THE MOST DURABLE.

Re((uires no oil tViinnor or <lricr,
Ri'(|uires no waste of time in mixing,
Has stooil riaJit j/ecn's' criticisnift
\\ith yeavhi inrreaxcrl poj>iiJariti;
And ycarhj increased sales.
Is sold by the gallon only, in packages of from 1 to
40 gallons each, in Purest 'Wniite and any Color or
Tint desired.
A I'lress, for sample card of colors and price list,

^Vverill Clieniienl T»aii\t Co.,
OtBce and Factoiw i:52 .t 13t East River Street.

CLEVELAXD. OHIO. (!-(;-'70

DON'T FORGET IT.' DON'T FORGET IT!
See aflvertisement headed as above in this papei-.

We, whose names appear below, agree to furnish
bees at the same ])rices— or less— given r^n pnsre 111.
Vol. 3, viz., a two frame nucleus, full of brood and
bees, with tc'^ted Queen, for &;.()0. o" the same with
^l.Oii Oueen for ?4.ro. \Vhere 5 are ordered at one
time, Sl.OO less on each nucleus ; * names, use onlv im-
ported mothers.

*J. Oafman & Co.. Dundee. His.

*E. C. Blakcslee, Medina, Ohio.

Don't Forgfet tt.

See advertisement heailed n-, aliove In this paper
Names of resjionsiblc i)arties will be Inserted i^
eUlier ol the luUowing dei>artments, at a uniform
price ot lOc. each insertion, orSI.UO jier year.

Names inserted in this department the first iimt

without charge.

Those whose names appear below, agree to furniOi
Italian Queens the coming season for Sl.OO each un-
der the following conditions; No guarantee i'; to \<i-
assumed of iiurity, safe deliverv or auv thing of tb.-
kind, only that the Queen be reared from a choice
pure mother. They also agree to return tlie money at
any time when customers become impatient of siich
delay as may be unavoidable.

Bear in mind that he who .sends the best Queens,
put up neatest au<l most securelv. will iirobaMv re-
ceive the most orders. Special rates for warraiiied
and tested Queens, furuisli.'d on aiipHcation to anv ol
the parties. Names with *, use an Imjiorted Queen
inolher. II wanteil by mail, send lOc extra.
G. \y;. Dean, River Styx. :\[edina Co., Ohio.
* J. Oatmau & Co., Dundee. Ills. 3f>

*r)r. J. P. H. Brown. Auunsta, Georgia. i)tf

*M. F. AIcMaster. Shell. vville, Missouri. •>! i

*Eli Coble. Cornersville. 3Iarshall Co., Tenn. -^t 1

*E. W. Hale. Wirt C. H., ^VqsI Va. ("i-c

*H. Ncshit. Cynthiana, Ky.

uoN'T fois<;et it.

BSg'Scc adv't headed as above in this

paper.

Who agree to make such hives, and at the prices
named, as those described on our circular.
Wni. I). Zell. Lancaster, Pa. h-h

JI. Palmer. Hart, Oceana Co., ]\Iich. i!-4

HOIEY EXTRACTORS!

Made Entirely of Metal.

IVo "W^oocl ^f^boiit Tlieiii.

x'i?,iex:s, g;s.oo to js^io.oo.

CIRCULARS ^VIFII UIRECTIONS FOR
TJSJE ON APPLICATIOIV.

IN ORDERlNt;, be particular to give us outside di-
mensions of frame or frames to be used. As we
have prcured the machinery for making every part on
our own premises, we ciii supjjlv Gearing, Honey
Gates, Wire Cloth, etc., etc. ; Bearintrs. Stubs' Steel-
Boxes, self-oiling. A. I. ROOT, Medina, Ohio.
P. S.— Be sure and give wi.Uh, undn- top bar of frame.

You cannot l()(d< over the back No's of Gr.EAXIxciS
or any other Periodical with salisfaclion, unless they
are in some kiml ofaBindei-. ^Vho has not said-^
"Dear n<e what a bother — I must have last
month's Journal and it's no where to be found." Put
each No. in the Kmcrson Hinder as soon as it comes
and you can sit down hai»py, any time you wish to find
any thing you may have previously seen even though
it were months ago.

Bimlers lor Glkanixos (will hold them for four
years) gilt lettereil, free by mail for .50, <iO, and 75c, ac-
cording to (juality. For table of prices of Binders for
any Perloilical, sec Oct. No.. \<A. '2. Send in votir
orders. A. 1. ROOT, Medina, O.

All Vi^KTISE'EfP DETARJWPSNT.

MUTH'S ADVERTISEMENT.

HONEY JARS.

One ixmnu (sqiiare) Jars, per groHS, jj6.50

Two " " " " 8.50

One " '• " Flint !?lass i)er gross 9.oo

Two " " " '• " " " 11.00

Covkfl for 1 :m(l 2 lb. .iarK... 75

Tin Foil Caps, per gross 1.'20

Labels, " " ....75

A thousaml labels a<l(lress printed to order 5.00

t^fne qc. fruit jars. Mason's patent, ]>er gross 17.00

Labels for same. " " (55

A thou'^and labels address prirtted 6o order. . . , +.25

Trnca!);iing Kn/ves, as good as any, each 50

" per doz .' 4.50

Alsike Clover Seed, per bushel 15.00

■' " " peck .....4.00

" '• "' " iifliind 35

Straw Mats, Bee Veils e-tc. at reasonable rai;es.

For further partfoulars. Address,
Itf CHAS. F. MUTIT, Cincinnatj, Ohio.

THK SIEK-K.EEPEKS' :WA«A^I,'^E, an illus-
trated monthly journal of
.i'J of^tavo pages, devoted
exclusively to Bee-Cul-
ture; edited by Alueut J.
Kino, containing contri-
lliutions from Mrs. Ellen S.
Tapi)er and e.xperieiiced'
Bee-Keepers in America |
and Eiru(;/'E. A large
space is devoted to begin-
ners, giving useful infor-
mation just when it i.^ most needed throughout the
year. Terms $1.50 ))er year. Tlie Bee-Keepers' Tcxt-
Book in Ocrman on- English, and the Kee-lveepers'
Maga/.ine 1 year Jfl.70. A 04 page pan>nhlet (price 50c)
containing a beautiful lit'e-Iike Cltronio of IEoney>
Plantfs and f taiisiia B«es in their natural colors,
with prh.e. essay of Mrs. Tujiper, (Jueen Rearing bv
M. (^iiinby, instruction for beginners, etc., sent"/V«'
with the Magazi.ve. on trtal. 4 months for 50 cents.
.1 gents wanted— Cash commission and ])ermanent
employment. Aildress,

KING & SI^>CI:M, (!1 Hudson St., X. Y.

3D03Sr'T FOI?,C3-ET IT.

See advertisement heailed as above, in this paper.

ITALIAN QUEENS bred Irom imported mothers—
a month earlier than in the North. Purity and
safe an-ival guaranteed. Also full colonies of Italians
in Langsti'oth hives for sale at 515.00 per colony.
Address Dk. J. P, IL BKOWN, Augusta, Ga.

"¥IHEYAE,D APIARY/^

« »ne (^ucen $5.00 \

Two Queens. . . it.OO \ Reared in fiill colonies.
Three " ...12.00 )

Or sent in full colonies at Siri.iK) each. .Vddress
JOSEPH M. BROOKS, Box WO, ( 'olumbus, Ind. ;t-s

IMPORTED BEES.
CHEAR

H.'wing m'oic Imported Queens i'hau \re- care ti
winter, we will sell in- October and Novcn>ber 2)^ lavg'
nuclei with 4 frames c^' brood and ho mjr, with im-
portecT Queens, for the I'ovT price of S-li.Od* ea«?i.

Safe amva-1 guaranteed.

Address CH. 1>ADANT& SON,

HaiwUton, IIanc-c>ck Co., III..

Very large an<l prolil'-c, 500 to 700 bushels per acre,
fTesh Eruperior quality. O-ne lb. 7.'> cts., .■? lbs. $2.00, send'
now and get them soon, sent post-paid, ."iddress A.J.
I'ISHEB, East Liverpool, Columbjana Co., Ohio. \l\r

Don't Forget It,

I have rodnced the price, and will send, free of |iost -
age, on receii)t of ooc, a root of Oiinest* Wistarisa..

a magntliceiTt (jlimbing vine, grows from 15 to 2o feet
in a season. Proluse bloomer. Bees work on it from,
moi-ning until night while Jin blossom. Will send none
but good, Tigorou= jilants. See description on page hi-
currertt volume. Address,
Itp J. P. MrEr.it.VTH, Asbury, Warren Co., N. J.

KfX TESTJL'D ITAiilAlV QVEEWS, during
'J\J Sept. and Oct., from a Dadant— imported- moth-
er, $^M,ov three for S7.50. Will be sliii>ped within a
week of receipt of order and safe arrival br mall guar-
anteed. J. S. WOODBl^RN, DickinsoTt,
9'-10 Cumbcrl'an'd Co.. I'a.

OUR Bee Journal of the Southern States. Issued,
monthly at S2.00 per year. Sample copies free.

Address A. "F. MOON & Co. Rome, Georgia.

Every Bee-Keeper should

subi^cribe for this Monthl.;'.

It is the oiliest aad l»est

.scientific and practical

[ Journal of Apicalture in

the World. The most suc-

' ccssful find experienced

Apiariaws in this countr.v

and Europe contribute to its pages. Term.s, $2.o"(;

a year in ad vance. Send a Stamp for a Sainple

eopy. Addres.«, TH0:MAS G. NEWMAN,

196 and rJ8 South Clark Street, Chicago, Ills.

Dt>]V'T i-^oi^oi£:t it.

^3~See adv't headed as above in this paper.

TJlULiL, STOCKS of as good yellow bees as are
P produced in anv conntrv at 81.^.00 each.
2|i ■ .). ?.I. MARVIN, St. Charles, Ills.

'>ne Copy One Year 75 Cents, or with Lith(igrai»ii of Apiarv, size 12x10, Mailed Free, Postpaid, Sl.OU, or Litho-
gTiiph will be sent as a Preniiinn for Two Subscribers at 7.t cents ea(^h.
Any pergOB obtaining Three Subscribers at 7."> Cents each, may retain 25 Cents for their tro^ible.
" " Flv(! " " " " " 75

" " Ten " " " " 2..'H) " "

Any number above Ten will be sent ,->t Xhv. rate of Fifty Cents each.

Xames may be sent at any time during ihc vear, and whenever .■, cUili is reached. v>-c will crcdil
back the amount previously sent us in excess of the Club Rates. In thi.- wav anv of llic

Articles Mentioned on our PRICE LIST may be Secured as PREMIUMS,

Please mention when names are intendc<l for Clubs. An acknowled^-uicnt will be sent in all cases
ou receipt of money- for any pln■llo^.(• ulKitever— bv return mail. Vohniics 1, & II, may lie counted <m
the same terms, as we have a

Large Supply of BACK I^UMBERS Provided for new bsginners !

As we cannot take the sjiace in I'ntnri' n-.iinb(>rs to go over the same ffroumi again, and Volume Onv
contnins tin- entire Fiind.imeutal I'ri'0''ii(U's and

Or how to Realize the Most Money with the Smallest Exper _ are of Capital
and Labor in the Care of Bees. Rationally Cons J^?ed.

P'lu^Lis^iiE^Dr^or^iiiysr, A^^^ iiiio,

B^iT ^^. I. K^OOT.

ir<©i^ 111

S'0'r^''Sift:'B''e'i^!a) i®^-§®

W-o® 11

/«. t/te Preparation of this Journal the following are the Principal Periodicals Consulted :
^\M\ <B If i C a 11 ^■'©© cJTOlI 1^11.^:91:1* Cho-ke, and Mrs. Tupper.

H©-© WOI*Ilft® A. F. Moon & Co.

[AUo Bound Volumes of the former since 1860. and Fdcs of nU other Bee Jourmds tJicd have been

Published in Amenca.']

Hni^al lf©'w W(W^'Mm>^§)

^@irf:^©^;n, lF;gL;^-iti©^p
P©i©fflLflfi© J.at©i^icait®

COIVTE^VTH

Page

ProtcoUon for Out-iloor Wiuterinfr l.?;5, ViS

I'rcpariii;? your ISc'es lor WinU'r 133

( 'alilornia 134

Arr;in.L;inj; our Aoiary 134

I'rui'aiin^ lor Winter 135

I-iml.'n ( )r<-har(ls 13ti

Our ( >\vri Apiarv 136

Foi'ilin^; Brown Siienr 13!)

Canily lor j;°es and rrobleui 1 liJT.KW

lntr<i'lufin:r Queens 137

Our Jluspian Queen 137

Honey Column 138

l.'eports Enf'ou racing 13i'

Uoply to James Hcd'Ion 13fi

House Apiarie.- 139

Pane.

FauDcncr's IToui-e Apiary l-^O

(,>ueriej:. etc 140

Coral) Guides. 1-10 <^V; ".,

Framo;^ williout IJollom liar 14'' ff-;; -i

Caves I'or 'Vintcring ^'*" >!t' ii

With <>iir 15ees Ui* Y;,V,J

Dividinjr in Sept '. 140 "^'A-.

Sellins; I'.ishts !41

A Sweet siu'ht Ml

A T<iu of 111 in ey from S ( dlonies 141 ^

Frame Starter." 141 I

14-2 ^^

Belter Lof-alities

J3a<i Tasting llonoy..
Bees on Sunllowers.. .
Metal Mouse Guard..

...113
.114

ADYEBTISEES' DEPARTMENT.

A T^ T T K' T r^ T A T

HONEY COMB FOUNDATIONS

A GRAND SUCCESS.

6 Incftes (or less) wide, and 16 Inclies (or less) long, Cells M6 Incir deep>

20 Cents per Pound pays tlie Poarfag-e, I will pay ¥¥eiglit on lO Found Orders^.

isj:o3srE"'2' is/iTXJST .A.ocois^'i^.^isn^- qthdietrs.

.JOIIIV LOTVGJ^, SSS Hixclson Stieet, :V. ^ . Oit.v.

Dkak Sik : Amboj/. Ilh., Sept. Wi, '75.

The FoiindaJion Combs you sent me were rcc'd
all right. I .it onre experimented with them. E\-
tj-acteil honey Irom one iii three days after i)larins it
in the hives. They arc Just the tiling so long needed
and can be used lor almost every pnrpose and way
ab-QUt the hJve.

Siffced, Yonrs trnl r, R. II. Mei^let*.

I>EAK Sir: JirookficM, iV. //„ fyepi. llth, "75.

Tlie Combs are perfectly satisfactoiy. Tliis lot I
put into 19 Langstroth frames and put in upper and
lower stories both, between full combs in varxons
hives. Some combs were wet with sweetened water,
some were not, it made no diirerence. Some of them

and partly

iTEWKLL.

are f>iU of honey cells lengthened out and
sealed. Signed, Yours resp'j% E. C. Si

Deak Sik : (Greenfield, Mm?;., Sept. \Wi, '75..

Those sperfmens of Comib Foundations were put
as I informed vqu they would be, into tlie hands of otli-
ers for cxi)eriment. as X have no beea. Mr. Cary who-
is aif ex];ert showed me combs verj beautffullj" lin-
ished from a Foundation.

YouTs very truly, L. L. KvNGSTUorir..

Dear Sfit: »SY. Johnnulle, May ISOi, '15.

In a hive that was about ready to need combs I
put a large frame containing half a dozen small ones,
small ones .'>x(i Sfjuare, in half of them I put i>leces of
Fonndations, in the other half i put a guide of wax
aci'oss the top one-fourth inch in width. Bcea have
oommonced on both alike; cells in Foundations half
an inch deep ; some honey biit no eggs yet. A great
many will w.int a small quantity at tirst. If I could
sec yon I think I could make some valuable sugges-
tions. Yonrs, M. QuiNBi.

Bk.Iik Sik: Clirisdansburcr, Va,-

I am much pleased with the get up of tliose Foun-
dations, and know from experiemce that they will an-
swer a good puritose. Kesp'y, J.K, Gakunkis.

Deak Sik:— ^Ey experience with j-oi^r Foimdationw
this year is but a repetition of last years'. I can only
say with IMrs. Tupper, 'Y/fcy are as pxnrfeet am cim fee.""
I have noted the ob.jections of Mr. Quinby, and a»
proof i>ositivc of his ciTor send you a complete comb,
Islled and sealcil.

Your frieuil!, A.iiiox Pm^jningtox,

Deak Sik : Colcraai, Ma.ifi., Aucf. IMh, '75.

Mr. Langstroth sent me some days ago part of
!>ample of your J'oundatior/s which I placed in a colony
and fed them, (as the bees are getting no honey) I
would say tliat we were well pleased with the way the
bees lengthened ont the cells. Wm. \V. Cakt, Sr.

Deak Sik: Monroe, N. Y., Sepf.Wth, ",?>,

Enclosed yon will find P. O. order for S.")., in returu
please send me by express live pounds of your artiliciiiS
(.:omb Foundations. Tlie onlv objection I have seer-j
made to these Foundation.s is that the centers will be
"thick and tough ;" this to me is a recrommendation,
and I think will enable me to ship honey in the comb
with more safety, the combs l^ing less brittle.

KespectfuUv, Thomas Siiaukon,

Deak Sik: Borodino, N. Y.. Sept. IStJi, "b.

Your card m at hand. Would say that owing to
the delay caused by the money not leaving this ofli'".e
I did not receive tlie Foundations until our Iioney liar-
vest was all over. I lilled six l>oxes with them and in
seven davs had them filled ;ind capped over.

(Jr. M. DOOLITII.E,

OF JK-XuXu KCOISTE^ST
F-lPi.OJDTJGXl<TGr I=L.A.lSrTS.

CHDIESE miSTARD I
BEE-KEEPEKS! try it.

IT UJIOWS almost any where, is not aftected by se-
vere drouth or frost, Idooms over 70 <lays, yields
enormously, and is as stai)le as wheat, sent postpaid,
with directions, etc., 1 lb. f^\.15. Three lbs. and over,
by express, not pre|)aiil, §1.50 per lb., i)er oz. 15 cents,
package 5c. Also Black Mustard postpaid 45c, oz. 10c.
Motherwort, oz. $1.00, pkg. 10c. I>inden Uilin Ameri-
eana) ])Cr lb. 75c. Melilot (sweet clover) lb. '25c. All
warranted pure and reliable.
Hemit by J'. O. order. Aildress

IVor 111 -"Wester 11 Ai>iarJlnii v*^-
AVarclioxise,

WII.TON, ROCK CO., WISCONSIN.

>cl

ia75. ITALIA^BEES. IST^k

I AM now jjrepared to fill orders for Italian Decs at
the following prices.

For pure Italian with tested Queen, from fl5. toS-'t
))er hive according to number purchased by each
customer.

For ten hives or more of good Italian stocks, each,
per hive Slo. .All in gold coin.

Bees are in the California or Harbison hive. Tlic
hives .'M-e made of the best material and workmanship,
and well painted.

The tjucens are all of the i^resent year's raisin;^-.
Tlie comlw arc all straight and are also mostly of the
present years make. In sliort, all are in as perfe<'t
condition as (;an be found in any apiaiT in the WorM..

Send atatn]! for circular.

Terms cash.
Address J. fS. HAKIf ISON, P. O. Box ■2:.
'Jm San Diego, Californi -.

3DE"VOTEX:> EISICX.TJSI'VEIj"^ 1"0 BEES j^JsTjD i-a:o3srE^"

No.^I.

Vol. III.

NOVEMBER 1, 1875.

PROTECTION FOR Ol)T-»OOR

"IVIIVTERIIVCJ.

^ r jUIKNl) NOVIL'K :— We arc not feeling very well
■rj ' just iion\ wo are a little "out o' scirts."' some-
~t wliat "imlVy,'' our "dander 's riz." I'rudencc
would dictate us to keep quiet, to smother our indig-
nation, but unless we in some way "give vent to our
pent up feelinks" we may be permanently injured by
having it strike in. Tlierc is ])erhaps no man in
America that we would enjoy a good social "bee chat"
with better than with yoin'selt'. and yet here you have
been perambulating, shying through this state, almost
wilhVn cannon shot of our bee yard and have "passed
us l>3' on the other side" without even as much as,
"our comidimeuts sir!" To say tliat we are angry
would be "putting it"' mild, why. my dear sir, ouV
ears fairly tingle witli rage; we are "so mad we are
iihnosi ))rbvoked. Perha))s we ought to excuse you
in consideration of your liaving two ladies in cliarge,
but had we been at" friend Butler's just twenty-four
liours sooner we should have monopolized your lime
an hour <.r two in spite of the ladies, at ttie exi)ense of
a fifty mile trip with you on the R. R. ^Ve will for-
give you on one coniUlion, viz. : that you juit one av-
erage stock of bees away in winter quarters a la But-
ler and note the result. " Slake the box water tight, so
'hat no wafer can get in from outside, and large
enough to give you a space of three or more inches
between hive and box, on all sides, and top of iiive.
Arrange the entrance so that il cannot get clogged
with dead bees, (old bees will die, no danger of ice)
take off top board or cover, put two sticks an inch
apUrt across tlie centre of frames for winter ])assage,
cover with cloth or mat. (we use old worn out grain
.<iacks cut in idoces of suitable sizf) pack the space
.«iuig)y with dry wheat chafl" or finely cut straw (saw-
dust is not good; and leave them there till fruit blos-
soms or longer, next year. On some cold freezing
morning next Ai>ril open this hive and notice the
difterence between it and those outside. See how
warm it i=, liow nicely tlie bees are spread over the
tonibs in all parts of the hive while isi those outside,
they are ijacked in a snug, compact, winter cluster,
'virh more m- less dead bees outside of the cluster,
killeil by the (-old. AVe now have (jf> stocks snugly
pa(;ked in boxes, all ready for winter, where we shafi
leave tlieni. with but little care and no anxiety for the
next seven or eight months. We are so well pleased
^vith our success in wintering and tipringing bees in
these boxes for three winters past, tliat we bhall con-,
tinue it imtil we do meet with disaster.

Kiicnd Novice, please ])ack one hive away as above
described, ?iOw, and give it a fair, imjtartial trial and
< liHge, Yours truly, J. II. Townlev.

Tompkins, Midi., Sept. -^id, '7.5.

E'EEPARlXfi YOIR BEES FOR IVIIVTER.

/■rhl^ page 97, Vol, 2, we f?ave ouv ideas of
^Jf) how best we might avoid loss in winter-
ing, and from the way in which onv bees win-
tered we ha\e no retison to cb.aiige our views.
On looking over onr bees to-day, Oct. nth, we
almost feel a:-: if we could point out which col-
onies would waiter, and whicli Vt'ouUI not. We
fee! sure that dampness in .some form or other
has much to do witli the recent losses, and we
most heartily agree vrith frit'nd Townley, in
advising that they be all "fixed," whatever the
plan may be, during warm, dry weather. So

far as we can recollect, our bad losses occur-
red when we had housed our bees durinir cold,
wet weather; and indeed in the fall of '7o they
were housed during a snow storm. We had
waited so long that we dared not wait longer,
so in they went, making the house damp and
chilly, and so it seemed to stay, damp and chil-
ly, the whole winter long. P<'/'7k//w, the man
ure heaps contributed to keep them dami) dur-
ing the entire spring also. Now, last fall we
put our bees in the house on the 3rd of Xov.,
at least 2 weeks earlier than ever before ; they
were put away as "dry as a chip," for it was
during a very dry time, and the weather was
so warm that we feared the consequences, yet
they seemed to go into that desirable dormant
state at once, and as we were all taken up
with the "forcing house" then, they were al-
most entirely "neglected (V)" until March 15th,
yet strange to say, they seemed almost precise-
ly as they were the day they were put away,
and they made as tine progress as one could
wish, until the April freeze.

Now then : a hive to winter should be so
full of bees that if you turn up the quilt at any
corner, say any day that is warm enough for
them to be flying sotne, 3'on W'ill find bees all
ready to rush out, and every comb should be
so well covered that there is no possible
chance for mold or dampness. You have per-
haps all noticed how quickly a horse will dry
otf after having been out in the rain ; if he is
warm from being driven he fairly makes the
water "steam," as it turns to vapor, well, a
fitroiig colony of bees will do the same thing;
they will dry out a damp hive, or a set of
(lamp, moldy combs, and in fact you may
drench them with water, and thej- will very
soon be all right again if you give them only
half a chance, whereas a small colony could
do nothing, but wotild remain damp and cold
until they perished. If you find a colony
when this reaches you, tliiit has only ii cluster
in one side, the combs containing waterj' hon-
ey or looking bltte and moldy, as they usually
do when such a colony has been fed up in Oct.,
you may be pretty sure that they will get
some disease during the spring or before, and
that if you risk them thus you will lose tlie
sugar you have fed, lose your time, lose your
bees and Queen, am! what is worst of all, lose
your ambition and may be, your self-respect.
The remedy is to r.nite them uiitU they are dry
and "sassy," and able to drive out not only
moth millers, ants, au;l all insect enemies, but
also dampness and the wiuterin<r malady as
well. For directions for wintering, see Nov.
number of last year. A colony to be fit to

134

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

Nov.

Avinter should have bees clear up against the
sides of the hive, all up agaiust the quilt, ev-
erything Avaxed up tight, and covered with
propolis, etc., etc. If you will examine a pow-
erful colony, and theu one of these puny ones,
carefully noting the ditt'ereuce in the internal
aspect of affairs, you will get at our meaning;
even should you succeed in wintering the
weak ones, they arc so much of a task and
bother, that a dozen of them will hardly give
the profit of one powerful colony. To illus-
trate : on page 74 we mention having given a
weak colony '6 combs of brood and bees ft'om
u strong one, and as it saved them we thought
we had done a line thing. Well, the shock on
the strong colony before it was ready to bear
it, was so heavy, that it was almost ruined, so
far as hone.y was concerned, for the season, and
the one that was h-elped was no better. Do
you not see that it would have been policy to
let the weak one die, eveu in the middle of May ?
We have very little fear that our fellow '^nov-
ices will any of them have their colonies too
strong.

Wliere bees are wintered in a frost proof re-
pository, we really cannot think it is worth
while to bother about the matter of ventila-
tion. If tiiey had enough on their summer
stands, they will certainly have plenty in win-
ter. We would have the house or cellar so
ventilated that the air is at no time unpleasant
to breathe. Cellars in a clay soil, are apt to
"be damp; the plan given in Oct. No, of last
year, we think the best remed}' for this. For
out-door wintering, we would use the straw
mats, or the plan given by Mr. Towuley ; in
regard to the straw ])acking, we thiuk we
would prefer to admit the sun to the front of
the hive occasionally, as some one during our
recent trip told us they had been doing suc-
cessfully, yet colonies such as we have tried to
describe, we think would winter safely almost
any way. We shall pack our Quinby hive in
the Avay Mr. Townley suggests, as an experi-
ment, and v,'ill try and do it to-day, yet as Mr.
C^. and his neighbors seem to have mostly aban-
iloned the plan of out-door packing, we cannot
feel a great amount of faith in it. Does not
the house Apiary embody the same principle
friend T., and at an immense saving of time
and annoyance ?

liY OUK OLD I'ltlEND AMATEUR.

^T^E.VTl KOVICE:— I think that you and I com-
|6|]lj|) niencctl bee-keeping about the same time. I
^~^ was t'«-i/ en tliusiastic and quite successful Irom
tlie first, until several bad seasons in succession took
awiiy all piolits ol' Ilio business, and thereby cooRmI
my enlluL--iasn). ilowcver I conceived the idea tlial I
could do well with bees in Southern Oalil'ornia. I left
my native home in the Mibsissijipi valley and came
here. I used to read (lU your articles in the A. B. ,/:,
and it w;is not long alter you commenced writing tor
that journal, tliai 1 constituted myselt one of your
most enviable rivals, in practice I mean ; although I
used to do a good deal of theorizing in the journals
100, but liave long since, laid tliat aside. Many
liints have 1 received from your articles, and always
adoided them but have done away with all, I believe
except the iflea I got from reading your lii-st descrip-
tion of extractors. I still hold to that, with some im-
provements which you Avill notice in my description
in Sept. IS'o. of ^1. 7?. J. The hive 1 am now using, 1
commenced with live years ago, and it is more sim-
))le :ind cheaper than your "Simi)licitv."' 1 have also
read your "GLKANi^iGS.'" Like it very well, but

tliink there is rather too much '-Xovice" and not
enough '•'gleaninf/s.''''

What 1 was going to say was about the rivalry I in-
stituted against you without your knowledge. I al-
ways wanted to beat you in tlie l>ee business inuctic-
allij ana now I have "done it and come to boast over
you a little. In the first place, 1 liave handled more
bees and taken more honey in one season than you
ever did. Secondly I ijavo taken more honey per
hive all things considered, than you ever did, and
l)robably more without considerijig condition, time
etc. Did you ever exceed Ml,'- lbs. per hive on an
average throughout your entire apiary— weak and
strong? Thirdly, I have taken more lioney in one day
without an assistant, than you ever did. And 1 would
like to know tcliu lias beaten 1170 lbs. Fourthly, 1
have beaten you on the arrangement of honey house
and apiary. Mow as 1 have "tooted my horn" maybe
1 had as well stop; but no, I shcss I hail better tell
just what I have done and how 1 did it.

Well first, I commenced here the 5th of last May
with 141 swarms in old box and Harbison hives, many
of them new swarms. As the swarming season here
is in March and April you can imagine how much of
the season had jiassed before tlie .'>th of Maj'. After
that time 1 had to send to Los Angeles and have ma-
terial cut for my hives, etc., so tliat 1 did not get
through transferring before the lirst of June. Oh yes !
I should have said that 1 have transferred more bees
in less time than you or any other man. I transferred
in one day with one assistant liveni,ij-jivc colonies from
box to movable comb hives. Well, I liave increased
from these 144 hives to 3U5 and have taken 20,375 lbs.
honej'. I expected to have reached 30,000 but calcula-
ted too much on honey dew this fall. However there
are four or live thousand lbs. in hives now that I will
take out. So you see 1 have taken on an average 141)^
lbs. per hive throughout the whole apiary, and 1 as-
sure you that many of them were in any thing but
goodcondition when they were transferred. Thirdly,
as 1 stated, I have taken in one day— without an a"s-
sistant 1170 lbs. honey, and with an assistant 1800 lbs.
Fourthly, my apiary is arranged on a smooth piece of
grouud constituting a bench about 1'2 feet above the
land below. The bee house— or honey house- is built
on the edge of this bench— or in the bank &o that we
go from tlu! ground of apiary into the second story of
building, where are the extractor, stove for lieating
water, a small tank holding 75 gallons, etc. In the
lower story are kept the carpenter's tools, bench, etc.,
the large tank, framed in one corner of building stout
and strong, boarded up and lined well with zinc.
This tank holds about 1000 gallons, is in south-east
corner of building and is exposed to the sun by win-
dow on south side of upper story. It is covered with
line wire gauze, and is jirotected by a partition in the
upper story, from dust, dirt, etc. The honey is llrst
put into the small tank where it stands until the trash
that naturally gets into it when extracting, all rises
to the top, wlien it is well skimmed and honey drawn
olf into the large tank below. The object of tlie gauze
cover and exposure of the large tank" is to evaporate
the honey thoroughly before putting up for market.
The honey is drawn "from the large tank into cans,
barrels, etc., for market. The arrangement of the
ai)iary is in parallel rows S feet apart, with hives U feet
ajjart in rows, 50 in a row, 25 each side ot the door to
honey house. My intention is to have an arbor of
grape vines for each double row of hives, the rows of
posts for trellis 8 feet apart, and vines (i feet apart in
each row and each double row— or eaeli arbor to be
10 feet apart. The rows running north and south,
and hives setting just under the edge of arbor with
openings outward, or, the hives on the east sivle open-
ing to the east, and those on the west Ojiening to the
west. Then I can go under the arbor and between
the rows of hives and be behind each while I work
with it. This 1 like better than your arrangement, for
1 am always mider shade and aMay from the bees.

1 have tnis season had a temporary shed made by
throwing brush overhead, but I intend that the vines
shall take the place of tlie brush. 31y intention is to
provide for .500 swarms, this you see will take 5 double
rows with 100 hives in each, or 50 hives in each arbor
on each side of the avenue leading to the door of hon-
ey house. Thus you see I have an apiary of 500 hives
in a spa<;c of JiOOxDO feet. The apiaiy being on higher
ground than tlie front part of lower room of buikiiug,
I am not troubled by the bees in thiving a team up to
the door to load and unload. If you had a big lot of
liees and honey to handle, you would readily perceive
the advantages I have over your arrangements. My
intention is to keep not over 500 colonies in one place.

Although I have beaten you so badly this season, I
expect to go far ahead of tliis year's results next sea-
son. This has been a i, cry poor season, i/icy say, and

187;

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

v.ir,

I suppose it li:is been much worse Mian usual, but I
wi)l be satisfied if they all avcvajre with tliis. I have
a little idea in my liead. "which, jiardon uie, 1 don't
nifan to tell."' by which I exjiect to jio far ahead of
anything: I haveever done with bees. Uut I will wait
until aniither season is over before? F tell it. and if Am-
ateur makes more lioney i)er colony next year ihan
any (>lher man in the I'nited States -well, what then ?
And Mr. No\ice, this is c.xictli/ ichat I iiilciid la do.
I will I'onimence the season next year with -do coln-
iiies (as tlu? bees 1 handleil this year were not all my
own). Wc 'lon't make any e;ilcnlati<ni on winlerini;-,
.ns bees gather honey the year roiunl. In the \ alleys
bees do better in winter .and early sprinu:. IJees do
not LTalher jiropolis here in the mountains at all, but
in the valley they j:ather as mu<h as with you. ^\l^
have but few scientilic bee-men here. 1 have (treated
"luite a sensation this season, but will cause tlieni to
oiien their eyes another year.

1 shoulil hiive said that I intend trying one of your
'•lamji nurseries" next season, as 1 have never tried it.
1 tliink Die idea a good one.

Can you suggest any plan by which we Californians
can reiilize more than 10 cents ])er lb. for our nice
sage honey ? It is better tlian I he white clover honey
of the cast, and it is a shame that we don't got more
than 10 cent-^ for it. Our second rate honey is about
like the golden rod or smart weed honey of the east,
an<l we get 7 cents for it. 1 have now about 1'2000 lbs.
of nice honey that I would take V2'/i cts for, and deliv-
er at dei)ot.

Annheim, Los Ani/elcs Co., Cal., Sept. Idth, '75.

Many thanks, friend Amateur, and we are
especially glad that j^ou had the frankness to
say what none of the rest of our friends have ;
viz., that tre are talking too much. We think
.vou are right, yet in the face of it must say
that we did in '70 get over 150 lbs. to the colo-
ny, but we fear we shall never do it again.

If you arrange j^our hives hexagonally, us-
ing the same plan you have, you will have the
same amount of room between them, and get
them much nearer the house ; also, do you not
lose much labor by not having your house in
the centre of the Apiary? Wliy does not the
house Apiary accomplish all this much more
effectually? AVe do feel sorry many times
when Ave think of the many things we have
advised in time past that have never been of
any practical use, but are you sure you have
wiselj' laid aside all except the extractor
idea ?

Should we remove to California, or even to
Michigan, we feel sure we might make much
more money than Ave do here, but should we
stand as good a chance of making Gleanings
iiseftil to the great mass of our readers ? in fact
is it not better for us to have rather a poor lo-
cality so that we may see the Avorst features
of the occupation ?

PREPARING FOR AVIIVTER.

I^^FJjHE folloAving is from an article that the
slL Covntry GV»^?f7«/f» of Oct. 7th, credits to
the London Ar/ricultvrdl Gnzciie. It so nearly
accords Avith our vicAvs that we give it a
hearty endorsement. Of course the "tiuthor is
considering for winter, not for brood rearing.
A good strong colony tliat has ceased l)rood
rearing and gone to sieej) by the lirst of Oct.,
Ave think all the better for it, and are much
inclined to think as Mr. (Juinby suggested,
that they aa'ouUI be all the better "if they could
be kept sleei)ing until April 1st. If you Avant
a few to "i)lay with," during the warm days
of Nov. and March, all right, but it Avon't i)ay
to tinker Avith colonies that you value, in that
Avay.

We know that rapid feeding or a large quantitv of
food administered at one time, is deeineil most unwise

by some bee-keepers, on the ground that the bees put;
tlie food into the brood cells, ;md thereby prevent
ovipositlon and the "conseiiueiU jjroduciion of Ihc •ill-
important young bees so iiosilivcly (•■•■senliai lo the
existence of a colony during winter."' I'>ut Ibis evil,
if it be one, is more than counterbalanced by the ben-
elit arising from having liie food stored, i"tK wateiy
particles eva]iorat(d, and ihc wliole sealed over be-
fore the advent ol cold weather.

AVhen fee<ling is protracted till the temperature
falls, many cells that should be closed are left oijcn,
lh(! aid which a wan:i atiiiosi,her(? gives in jiromoiing
evap(n'ation is lo^^t. and candying of the syruii or in-
ternal moisture, which is very luu'tlul, follows. lie-
sides, late breeding is not desirable, tor in liivtfs that
have had a successful summer and are lelt nmli-l urlj-
ed we lind it is the exception and not the rule. iJees
naturally go into a stale ofreiiose at ihe eml ot the
honey harvest, and hence, by completing ilie work of
feeding as early as possible, we allow tlieni to get
sooner into that inactive condition, wiiich is not only
benellcial to them, but preparatory and essential to
enable them to meet with impunity ilie severities of
winter. A bee at rest, and scarcely consuming any
food, will live three times aslongiis one that is al-
ways moving and fro(|uently on Ilie wing.

Age, therefore, does not greatly atVei't colonies that
spend their time hanging in motifuiless clusters, iiml
their powers are but little ini|)aired. Iftli('\- go to
roost Ijefore the close of .Seiitcmber, and cfintiiiue qui-
escent afterwards, they can do very well wiihout any
addition to their numbers from brood till the follow-
ing spring. In ijrool of this, Ave may refer to two ad-
jacent hives tliat were last year cr.-immed with honev,
and, for want of room, gave up breeding early in Sep-
tember.

l-rom one of these, in order to make its Queen re-
sume ovipositing, and get young bees, that are deem-
ed so "essential," we, by means of the "slinger," ex-
tracted all the honey from two of the central combs.
As expected, the eni)itied cells were soon tilled with
eggs, and numbers of young brood were hatched out
before winter.

But with a view to obtain and compare resuHs, we
allowed the loaded nurseries of the other hive to re-
main as we fouiul them, r.nd its bees to relajise into
their former dormancy. Both hives jsassed through
winter satisfactorily; Ihe one, however, whicli had
only old bees to begin the campaign, (juite outstrip-
ped its fellow that had a population of botli old and
young, and Avas ready to swarm a fortnight sooner.
While, therefore, it niay be true that autumn or late-
bred bees are essential to the welfare of stocks whicli
liave their activity ))rolonged by driblet or interval
feeding, it is no less true that stocks which are quick-
ly fed up and then left to enjoy that autumnal repose
which they naturally seek, have no need of them.

In spring small doses of food given over an extend-
ed period of time stimulate ovipositlon, and hasten <a
liive's progress ; but we deju'ecate the production of
brood in a hive after the normal iieiiod for it has
passed.

Our counsel for autumn feeding js— give early, rap-
idly and abundantly.

Not a season passes biat Ave liaA-e more or
less Avho have entirely ueelected feeding until
about the 1st of Nov., and^ then ask Avhat they
shall do. Judging from our OAvn experiencej
Ave should say, you Avill ])robably lose your
bees anyway unless you can procure combs of
sealed stores to give them. If their hives Avill
hold the bees, the next licst thing Avill be to
unite them until they Avill hold no inore; jier^
hapH candy will now lielp them through, but
as yet we have no record of recent positive ex-
periments on the matter. We have one neigh-
bor, Mr. John White, of Chatham Centre, this
Co., Avho leeds late Avith the tea-kettle feeder
and has good success, but his bees are very
strong indeed, and as soon as they are fed he
puts them into u very dry cellar made in a
gravelly side hill. While he succeeds, avc
have innumerable rejiorts from others Avho
fail in trying" to do apparently the same thing.

Well ripened sealed honey in dry, clean
combs, Ave Ijelievc is ijencvalhi Avholesome for
tlie bees, and sugar syrup under the same cir-
cumstances, abcdi/.^-.

136

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

Not.

S^aiVUIEN OKCHARUS.

■srii^VlOAll XOVICE:— It is too bad to tlnow (.-old
jsjl [Sjj water on any of your blight aulieipatioiip, but 1
^~f am moved to undertake the thankless task.
Vol! are liuilding upon the jirospect ol' a speedy yield
from your basswood orciiard from the fact that there
were a few Ijlossoms this year. Now any old horti-
'.ultiirist will tell you iliat"u-raong a large number of
treeb there will an* occasional one blossom, and per-
haps fruit (luite young, and yet the majoriiy show no
signs of bUioni foV several years. In a pear orcliard ot
.i50 trees 1 liad one blossom two years ago, and the
two succeeding summers not a blossom. Another
iiore truit last year and this year, but no other tree
has borne. Thc'probability is that some local 'cause
lias acted to hasten maturity in the lew trees which
bloomed, if you will go out this week and dig a cir-
cle around one of your young basswoods, and cut olf
ail the roots with a sharp spade, not near enough of
lourre to destroy the tree, you will be likely to find
blossoms on that tree next year.

If your orchard is planted close, as I think it is,
with "a view of thinning out as the trees grow, you
can make a practical use of this knowledge, as is
sometimes done with large commercial fruit orchards,
yuppose the trees are jilanted thus:

with the view of eventually tliinning out all the o's
and ii'aving only the i's standing. The o's can liave
ilieir growth checked by root jiruning and be thus
tiirowii into bearing sooner than they otherwise
woidd, whilst the i"s are growing and getting ready
t(i occupy the ground. This root pruning can be done
most cheaply by running a sharp plow along the row
ilirowioga couple of furrows from the trees and then
)-,inniug the inow in the Ijottom of the last furrow
next the trees. By taUmg every other row in this
wav both north and south, and east and west, you will
see" that all the trees but the i's will ue root pruned.
Now I don't say that 1 ever saw a basswood orchard
treated in this way, but 1 know it works with ajjple
tree-, and 1 tJihik it would with uasswood.

Tiie two swarms 1 got trom Adam Urimm have not
had a very lair chance, but have shown themselves
good stock. One young swarm made from one of
iheiu, having raised its own <Jueen and being sup-
plied with empty comb and some brood, tilled a two
story hive aii<t sent out a swarm. Wo a young l^ueen
IS mj preventive of swarming with tJiat breed of bees.

The '"Novice" honey kniie works very nicely and
saveo time where there is a large Hat surlace to un-
cap.

An unusual amount of buckwheat in my locality
has made my bees rather wild on the swarming ques-
tion, so in spite of me I now have 40 colonies.

IJ. !ji:NUKi;r;i:, Chicago, Ills., Aug. ISth, '75.
. Very likely yoti are right, fviciKl "L.," for
we «Vri employ a masi to spade around the trees
a year ago last spring, aud he did it so well
that he actually killed one of them.

As the principal part of our linden honey
comes from the vicinity of our plantation, we
liave good rettsons for starting a house Apiary
there, even before it is in l^loom. Our
trees were planted with a view of thinning out
as you suggest, but they are planted hexagon-
ally, like tiie hives in the plan of the Apiary as
given on page 25, Vol. 1. ; this arrangement
occupies all the space to much better advan-
tage than planting them in stiuares.

OVK MWN AS-^IAKY.

'T. ith. — The yellow C. sugar, fed in tlie
open air, works beautifully so far as

keeping robbers employed, is concerned. It i
a great relief indeed to be able to work righ

along withotit smoke when preparing tliem for
winter. The dry sugar steins to work precise-
ly as does meal feeding; they hum as merrily
over it as if it were clover blossoms, and are
so intent on it that they will hover over it
when a handful is held out to them with as
peaceful a lium as one might wish to hear, but
if a. single cujjful of water be sprinkleil on It,
the tune is changed at once, and robbers pour
In from all sides In an Incredibly short space
of time, indicating by the raised note that
peaceful industry is at an end ; the fierce pas-
sion for rapid accumulation of gains, it may
be at the expense of the downfall and some-
times even the death of their fellows, is stri-
kingly human, and affords a fair illustration
of the depravity that results from making
riches the sole end aud aim in life.

Although we keep the sugar covered, the
dampness occasioned by the night air is sufh-
cient to start the rol)bing note, and even a sin-
gle spoonful of honey will, after they have
once been started, cause such a commotion
that many bees will be Jiilled in trying to gel.
into other hives. In the house Apiary we
have the feeders placed next the wall, aud all
we have to do in feeding is to go arouud with
our coffee-pot — no covers or anything of the
kind in the way. Well, we have once or twice
incautiously left the door open, and the rob-
bers evidently consider this house Apiary a
"mine of sweetness," by the way they now
attempt to crowd in, and try to force d way
through those same "auger-holes," when any
robbing is afoot.

The very best workers we have had this sea-
son aud last, have been the hybrids from the
daughters of our imported Queen. Every one
of them has ample stores for winter without
feeding, and yet they had so many bees that
we divided them all about Sept. 1st. Now
some of the new colonies reared Queens of
their own as we have mentioned on page 124,
and we had decided to kill these Queens and •
unite the stocks with others, but to-day on
looking them over — these hybrids always have
had a way of intimating that they did uot re-
quire any of our assistance in their house-
keeping aftairs — we were astonished to liud
Iheni large colonies of bees with abundant
stores, and an amount of brood that was as-
tonishing, and this at a time when we liud-
hives full of bees of the old yellow stock that
have not an ounce of honey. Now if we were
to make a business of rearing Queeus for sale,
we should probably do wrong to keep such
stock, but as we do not, but rather are trying
to raise bees that will stand our winters, we
shall keep such colonies as gather most hon-
ey, even if they are dark, and as cross as the
Egyptians, when there is nothing for them
to do.

Oct. oth.—Wc have had several line days
since the frosts, and now the bees are aban-
iloning the sugar and are bringing in loads of
different colored pollen, particularly the dark
green, which we think must be from the red
clover, for we tasted it and it certainly is noc
propolis this tiiue, any way.

We are sure now that bees can get pollen
nniny times when they will uot. Colonies
haviiig young late Queens are bringing it in
briskly,\vhilc the old stocks are bringing none.

C«5.

<5rLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

im

Oct. IHi/i.—A tYunnl has just niontiocied that
3io allowed a «ne colony ofltiiliaiis to starve
ill FeU. last. We adviseil iiiiu at the time to
.'4"ive them candy, and he bought a pound for
tlieiuJustiu time to tuui tkeiu all dead. The
j)oint is that he if&ve the candy to another
-stock, and tkey left their scaled stores for it
■and ate the whole pound clean.. As he simply
laid the sticks across the frames under the
<tlniU, it makes a very easy way oif supplying
•colonies that aix; short of stores, but who can
iissurems tliat it will result in no injurious
form of activity }*

A bee-keoper liviujj near Newport, Ivy., had
•a l)rothei- in the vicinity of Moscow, Russia,
who recently sent him several Queens. Thro'
the kindness of some of our suljscribers, a
daughter of one of these imported Russians
lias been sent us.

About the 1st of Sept., as we took our usual
6)romeuade through the Apiary just before din-
aier, we discovered a very pretty Queen rest-
ing on one of the luves,— by the way, you can
see this very hive in the fore-ground of the
view of the house Apiary, which stands in the
iiorth-east corner of the enclosure shown in
the Lithograph. We stooped down to enquire
into the trouble of her ladyship, "poor thing !"
one wing was a little defectiT-e, and we were
<'ngaged in tossing lier up to test the matter,
when Blue Eyes interrupted by singing out,'
"dame's weady, papa.'" and we hastily put her
Jjack into the hive to pacify the bees, turning
the register on "not ai)proved," until we could
give them a better one. "Supposing we should
find Lier laying, after all," thought we, as we
were carrying them a Queen cell a few days
after ; and surely enough a line lot of brood we
found on looking, and stranger still, her bad
wing had become perfect, mts this the case ?
Not at all ; the Queen we put into the hive
i-ame from some other which must be queeuless.
ThisAvasso, and it proved to be in the house
Apiary— we can run iJ^em over very quickly
As we looked the hive over, the peculiar huiii
<)i distress that almost invariably indicates
C^ueeiilessuess was very marked, and as the
Kussian Queen reached us just at this time, we I
could not resist the temptation to trv our skill '
ni releasing /d'/-^/fe Queens at once! i^ccord- '
ingly the bo.x was opened and the cover was
j)resented to the bereaved colony to see if they
were peaceably inclined toward the bees that
adhered to it. Much to our surprise the tirst
bee that touched the cover with its antenna-
vittered a peculiar note, and straightway every
()eo of the colony apparently, turned itself
fibout and scampered in response to the call,
at the same time joining in the note of rejoic-
Hig; this note is about the same that we hear
when a cluster of young bees have just discov-
ered their hive after having been shaken oft'
the combs, and the consequence was that we
soon had almost the entire colony hano-ir^^ to
tae little board, for the simple reason that
taey were attracted by the scent of a fertile
Queen. Of course we gave them the Queen
when we found they wanted her so badly and
never did subjects behave with more" com-
mendable decorum, unless it were that their
tokens^of regard were a little too vehement, as
JVIrs. R., who was called to witness the cu-
rious sight, suggested. The Queen began lay-

ing at once, and on our return from the West
we found an almost incredible amount of
brood. Now it is our opinion that 'i Queens
out of 4 might l»e let loose At once with safety,
and to determiiK ^/■/■^'fi, it is safe, simply show
the bees a piece of comb or wood that she has
been crawling over, and see how they receive
it. We h.ave liberated many in a similar niau-
uer, and we «rmly believe that many a Queen
has starved in a cage, when liad she Ijcen al-
lowed to run among ih.! bees, she would have
been happily oviixjsiting. Now we know the
danger of such advice, ami therefore suggest
that you first practice on a Queen of no value,
and If you always keep your smoker in hand
and your wits a)>out you, you can put valua-
ble Queens where you want them with almost
perfect safety.

Caged Queens when not watched, are sub-
ject to many mishaps, see the following. Our
cages always present food on both sides of the
inmates.

I i)ressed the cage into the honey so the (iuecn
would have food, but I oi.one<l the hive the thinl dav
to nijerate her, awd the bees had removed all of thi;
Jioney out ol iier reach and she was dead. I learne(t
a lesson ; the lesson is, never trust bh»ck bees to feei)
a caged l^ueen, but put the feed in the cage secure
«rom the bees. W. A. Kuur, Easton, Wis., Uct. IH, '7.-;.

Froblem 1. Have you* solve<l it? (see paire U, of
ULEANjNu.s, 1S74). Has any one tried to winter bees
oy that .■' It your solution is satisfactory, then whv
use syruj} .-> Why not have a two story hive to wLn"-
cer.'' the , space between the stories will aflord good
passage lor the bees? ji» Movi.i{

Sharpsville, Pa., .Sept. 13th, lb7r>.

1 es, we tried it iu this way ; we made some
home-made candy and put it over the cluster.
It soon got soft and sticky, and tinally ran
down on the bees and daubed them up in such
a way that we never wanted to see any more
candy, and we suppose they felt about as we
did. The year we had the manure heaps wc
made some better candy, but they died iu spite
ot it— the candy didn't kill 'em,— we aiut going
to tell why i/iet/ died. Well, we went vi.siting
two weeks— when we got home, our leedin^
was rather l)eliind,— about the ICth of Oct., we
were so fearful that they would not get it nice-
ly sealed that we stopped feeding— sent one
barrel of A sugar to the confectioner's, and he
has promised to make it all into nice, hard can-
dy, for lo.oO— any sized or shaped sticks that
we wish. Now you see wc are going to give
several good, strong colonics about half their
rations in candy laid under the quilt on the
frames.

P. S.— Confidentially- we are going to keep
that ))arrel of candy in the barn.

We think the two story plan would be tip-
top, and when Ave get a colony too large to get
into one story, Ave will try that too. We made
holes in the combs of about half of our stocks
last fall, but could see no difference, they all
Avintered equally avcH- put in bees enough
and they can go over the top and under the
bottom of the combs.

Oct. 2nd.—Th(i candy is made, and aa'c have
just been putting the house Apiary in Avinter
trim. All unoccupied combs are removed and
piled up Avhere they will be handy next spring,
in y. hives piled one on another" iu the centre
of the room. We have been rather disappoint-
ed to find that our strong colonies when thus
condensed, do not cover more than from 4 to 7

i;J8

GLEAl^II^GS IN BEE CULTURE.

Kov.

combs, yet when these are well Jilled with
stores, we think the supply ample. Wliere
there is iuiy (loui)t in the matter we hvy some
sticks ofcaiuly uu top of the I'nimes under the
quilt. The sticks arc 10 in. by 's, by 1|^. Tlic
bees do not save it for winter as we had been
calculating, but are eating it up at a pretty
j?ood rate during this tine weather. We have
i^iven one colony notliinu' l)ut empty combs
and candy ; as tiic candy is very liard and ))rit-
tle, we cannot think it nnwliolesome, fed dur-
ing? any kind of weather. It costs us alwut
13jjj cents per lb., tiie sticks weigh about '^ lb.
iVou. 'i7//r. -Jliivc liitd sonu! caiul}' liiicks iiijkU'- ;;
lbs. ouch. Voii don't muni any IVji'ilors ol' any kind,
just lay lln'ni on the frames, "cover llu-ni with tlic
nullt, and it's all I'.one; even if you slionld nejilcct to
Ijress down the i)nill alter tliev )iav(^ eaten ii, it will
do no serious liann, and you can feed lUeni thus du-
ring the (roldest weather.

Gleanings in Bee Culture,

l*ii[>liMlii><!! IDituitlilv,

E D I T Oil AND P 11 () P K I E T () R .

MEDINA, OHIO.

Terms: T'-'S*^ I*or Aimvmi.

[Tncluding I'ostagc.']
For Club Bates see Last Page.

IS/!lEIDI3Sr.A., ISTOAT". 1, ISTS.

Ulksski) arc they which arc ])cr£Ocuted lor right-
eonsneHa' sake: lor theirs i« the kingdom ol' heaven.

Mat. v., 10.

A. /?. ./., and Md^iiizinc on hand in good time, but
■!io World as yet.

Wk can furnish the fcouib foundationn at the prices
advertised by Mr. T,oivg.

EvKN ii' we get only '25 !bs. per colony, and have to
sell it for l(i cents per lb., W(? can Klill alVord to keep
bees. l<;h .■'

Wk will send Gmcaninos ;! months for a copy of the
■Jan. No. lor 1875; or we will send all oi' this year ex-
f-ept the Jan. No., for 50 cents.

Samuicl T.Ramskv, 1515 Vine St., Philadcli)hia, I'a.,
^.cnders liin services to those who are disposetl to ex-
liibit at the Centennial.

AT the prices at which Mr. Harbison od'crs bees in
ills adverlit-euieiit in this No., we should think it
<'heaper to buy them tliere than to move thcui as
Iriend Wilkin is doing.

Don't conline (lie bees to tlieir hives; il' they got
out it is probably because your cjllar or house ailmits
light sonu'where. It' nothing is visible, in anv corner,
after y(ui have remained in it 10 minutes, it Is proba-
blv dark.

TiiK Chiiujse Mustard in Vick's catalogue, at 50 els.
per lb., is (luite unlike that of our iiiiporialiou ; while
tlie former has a narrow, irregular leaf, the latter has
a broad, symmetrical <nie. It is now in blooui, ami
ihe Italians may be seen on it every pleasant da> .

Wk are glad to learn that A. Gray & Co., did send
Ihc extractiir mentioned in onr last, and if thcv, or
Mr. Gray rather, proposes to make satisfactory ar-
rangements ill regard to all the money that lias "been
sent him, we shall take pleasure in so stating it.

Ki i)i>ion"s A'cerc/so/ Bea-keep/nq, pvicoGOc, for sale
by tli'j Prairie Farmer Co.. is in some resiiects a valu-
able work, but bOiidcs being behiutl the times— ISii;* -

it also urges its readers to invest in rights to his pat-
ent hive, and worse than all, indulges in bitter per-
sonalities, Which are bad enough in a Journal, but
when Uiey get into a book, are bad indeed.

We have been much i)leased I)y a i)erusal of Bees
and JJrc-kccpin;/, by W. C Harbison, published in 'CU;
and if tho work is now to be proeuretl, we should very
much like to add it to our list. Mr. H. treats largely
of bee-keei)ing in California, and is the only author,
it seems to us, who has ever given the subject of
feetling during a scarcity of natural supplies, the im-
portance it demands. We woniler that the book has
not had a more general .sale. Wo emphatically en-
dorse all he says about keeping bees in a nourishing
condition throughout the warm season, by sugar feed-
ing whenever they are gathering nothing, and in re-
gaid to regular feeding invariably staiaing them to
ih(! liclds for pollen, wlien tliey would not otherwise
"stir a peg." If you cannot ail'ord to buy the sugar,
sell hall your bees anil make the other half ijoihI.
H'eed whenever they are consuming more than they
gather.

^ji" *^« -^ —

Michigan Bee-Keepers' Association.

The eighth Annual INIcetiug of the Michigan IJee-
Keepers' Association will be lield in Jvalama/.oo, Mich-
igan, December 1st and 'Jd, 1875. The lirsl session
will convene at one o'clock r. jM., Wednesday. I'apers
ofscieiuilic and jiractical value have been promised
by huiiiy of our aldest and most e.\perienced apicultu-
rists ; while the discussions are e.vpccted to be even
more valuable than those of tlie previous annual
meetings. The reputation of this Society as being one
of tluM>ldest and ablest of the kind in the country,
together with the proverbial hospitality of the people
of ivalamazoo, should be ample inducement tor alt
who lake an interest in sc-ieulilic bee-culture. We
scar(;el3 need to aild that a cordial inviUilion is ex-
tended to all, and that every ell'ort will be made to
make the coining session a grand success.

Hl<:UliEUT A. IJLiUCII,

Soi xn Havkn, Mich. Secretary.
i^ *9» ^

1<T11END NOViCi; : -We like your intimation that;
bee-kee|)ers liad better move slowly in adopting the
plan of wintering bees in bo.xes; in" fact it we suould
presume to give advice it would be to go slowly in
adopting anything thai is to theiu new, (fake ))ateiin
hives as an illustration) no matler how well it may
have been trieil or how strongly recoiiimeuded by
others. Vears ago we were aware that the plan had
been tried and laid aside by much okler and more e.x.-
perienced bee men. We have been Icil more by cir-
cumstances than otiierw ise into the plan of wintering
bees as ])rev)ously descriued, and have so far been
successlul beyond our expectalions ; and yet, if we
had now a room or cellar that was in every way suit-
able to winter bees in, oni; that was alfected but little
by sudden (dianges in the weather outside, and one
that we could keep drjj through the winter, vve should
certainly put our bees there ; but, mind you, we should
first jiack them in the boxes as soon as possible after
the honey season was over, leave them on their siini-
luer stands uiiiil the comiiieiKcment of winter, wiieii
tbev would be put in the wiiiieriug liouse, box and
all ; and when set out in the spring wt' should leave
tliem all siuigly pai'ked in the boxes until fruit blos-
soms, and any weak stocks wouUl be left there till
June.

If desired, we will, in some future No., give our i-"
perienco in wintering bees in boxes during the •-•
four winters, (three of them the hardest for bees we
ever knew), in detail, showing just how we have been
graduall}' led into it and how lar we liave oeeii suc-
cessful. J. II. TOWNhKV.

Toini)kins, Mich., Oct. I2tli, '75.

lll,<>,ii;i.<i"^" ■<' <>{|liLJ]!i,:Wi,®

'^i^j^'-*^ may put me down in Honey Column as hav-
W ing o barrels of honey for sale. Two barrels
~^ nice and white, which I olVor for 15 cts. per lb.

delivered lierc, and one barrel dark, at 10 cts. per lb.

packages free. W. D. Wkight.

Knowersvillc, N. Y., Oct. 11th, '75.

I have '2000 lbs. nice extracted honey, (mostly bass-
wood, in barrels and kegs), for which 1 waiitKJcts. per
lb. I connueuced last spring with 15 swarms, bought
one (Jueeu arid now have (io strong stocks with lots of
honey for winter. Have taken a suri>lus of 2500 lbs.

O. JI. Tow\nsi:nd, Ilubbardston, Mich., Oct. fth, 75.

OUR HOMES.

1

OITIl HOITIES.

15Y A. I. HOOT

INTUODIK'TOUY.

This will look ;i little bit oci-oiitric, dear
IVionds, I (oar, and Ibr tVar you may think 1
am .i^cttinic out of my proper domain, or tliat I
am i,'oin«; to trespass on your ^ood nature
witii some of my new notions, I shall make
liaste to assure you that this and the next leaf
are uot really a part of GleanixNgs; they are
thrown in as it were — do not cost you any-
thing, and very likely Avill not be worth any-
thing, at any rate you are to be judge and
jury. May I ask you, in any event to please
be lenient? The work will cost me considera-
ble time as well as money, and — now really I
don't know whether to say I am fortunate or
iinlbrtunate, in having little to spare of either, j
Do you not sometimes think it a misfortune
for a person to have been born wealthy?
Have not the great majority of our really use-
ful people of either sex, had their powers de-
veloped by stern necessity? Now perhaps I
can get started best by telling what I intend
trying to do in a sort of

PREFACE.

During M,-. Langstroth's visit last spring,
we had as you know, many very long talks ;
and he was in the habit of prc^tty severely
criticising some of my work about the Apiary,
perhaps to draw out my reasons, etc., and at
one time he asked me if I thought the bees
would gather any more honey for liaving their
hives arranged hexagonally, in the form of the
cells of tlie honey combs, etc. Of course I re-
plied that I did not, and then I tried to ex-
plain how I had studied to arrange it all to
save the time of the apiarist, that when we
l)egan to count our hives by the hundred, avary
nnnecessary motion was a decided expense,
tiiid that in the present age, time, as well as
/"^/<e//, was money and that it was as good
economy to endeavor to save the one, as the
other. To illustrate, I spoke of the way in
which many homes were 'arranged, how the
patient house-keeper was often obliged to go I
several rods in one direction for fuel, and per- !
haps nearly as far in another for water, very !
likely liftins: both up in(;onvenient steps, hav- '
ing unhandy cellars, jiantries, etc., etc.. and
so on without end. "Now," said I to Mr. I..,
'•ought we not to be very cardul, that we who ;'
have taken upon oiirse,iv(«^- Ihe rts]>onsibility

of teachers, set a good example before our pu-
pils, and try not to fall into the errors men-
tioned aljove, in the arrangement of our Ai)ia-
ries, honey houses, etc..?"— I wish I conld re-
peat exactly his reply; it was to the elleer.
that he who should revolutionize the kitcheii'<.
pantries, cellars, woodpiles, wells, etc., etc. of
our land, and in short make it a study toshor'-
cn, simplify and classify woman's work, wouM
be more of a benefactor to our nation than -
than— well, really, I cannot remember what hi
did say, but at all events he wound up by de-
claring that your humble servant was equal
to, at least making an attempt in that direct-
ion. The result is, that here he sits— with a
Type-writer and lots of blank ])aper— lots of
good Avill toward you all, health and energy,
but with far too little general knowledge of
humanity, and perhaps a lack of discretion in
properly directing what little h(! has. Do you
remember our text of last month in regard to
what is said about being faithful with the few
talents that God has given us ?

CHAPTER I.

"Be it ever so humble, there-s no place like liome."

WF I should ask you if you knew of homes
Ji, that were not pleasant, you would doubt-
less say you did, that you knew of many, and
.-:hould I further ask why they were so, you
would perhaps proceed to detail very volubly
just how so and so do not do as they should
This may be all very well, if in detailing the
circumstances we see their ei-rors in away that
will enable us to avoid falling into the 'same
or similar ones. Is your home a hai)py one?
Is it so pleasant that you prefer to spend an
evening there to any other place ? Of course
I do not know to whom I am talking, nor of
the varied circumstances by which you are
surrounded, yet 1 feel that 'there is a broad
field for earnest work, in almost every house-
hold. Now before I go larther, I really feel
that I must go over at length, in fact a't con-
siderable length, a subject that mav be consid-
ered impertinent or perhaps intrusive, by some
of our readers. If we were going to build a
honey house; wc should first need a good found-
ation, and as many barrels of honey are very
heavy, we should need an extremely r/oud
foundation. It is just so with our homes ; a
nice pump right in the kitchen close by the
stove, would be a pretty "heavy" expense, and
to advise everybody to get one,— if I were so
fortunate as to secure attention,- might nnxke
a domestic "jar," or at least result in a down-
right refusal to entertain anv proposal result-
ing in any such extravagance, whereas my
real purpose is to consider how the expenses
of this model home may l)e lessened, and not
increased. The principal idea is to <,'et every
member of the household to help, to enlist
their hearty co-operation, not only the children
— clear down to the baby, but in a certain way
the cat and dog also, and in sln^rt every bit of
aninuited nature about the ])remi<es. I "am not

OUK HOMES.

Nov.

.speaking- of imaginain' things, I assure you,
for there is one home that I have I'ccently vis-
ited, from which I shall have to draw largely,
before I get through, and T earnestly hope I
may be able to show you the spirit of it, if
nothing more. When I say that the first stone
of the fouiKlation of all our Avork is to l)e the
most perfect good nature on all sides, many of
you may say that your homes possess it al-
ready, because you never have any downright
quarrels. This is all very good, but is not suffi-
cient for the foundation ice want. To illustrate:

I passed a couple of days in a very pleasant
1'amily. receutl.v, and had been talking on this
same point. Husband, wife, and four pretty,
well behaved children, seemed to constitute
almost a model household. Well, on Sabbath
afternoon, I — it may be too earnestly — urged
that we should attend a Bible class, in charge
of a lady who was doing a great work of re-
formation in their town. The husband kindly
ottered to stay and take charge of their four
months old little one, and the consequence
was that almost before we knew it, two hours
Jiad passed. As we neared their home, our ani-
mated talk in regard to what we had witness-
ed, w»as interrupted by cries of the ])aby
which evidently touched the mother's heart at
once.

"Why my dear husband ! how long has baby
been crying in this wayV"

"She conmienced shortly after you left."

"And you have allowed her to cry all this
tinie'r"

"How could I help it? I did everything I
could think of ; dichi't expect yon would stay
so i:ery long."

"I declare ! this is always just tlie way if I
go out and leave you with the baby."

That was all; it was only a very little thing
but both looked pained and unhappy. This
v>'ore ott" after a time, and both were as pleas-
ant as usual ; ]>erfectl3^ right, perhaps you will
say, such liitle things are not worth taking up
and noticing again, but 1 cannot feel that it is
right. It seems to me that husbands and
wives — I Avould like to saj", or anybody else,
but they don't care so much for each other,
and are not so easily touched, — should never
s[)eak to each othei' in this way, or at least if
they do, they should acknowledge their error
as soon as their stubborn natures will come
into subjection. If you are tempted to think
ihis all trilling, rcmeml)er who it is that has
said, "he that ruleth himself is greater than he
that taketh a city." In the evening before
i'etiring I ventured to suggest that the speech
was hardly a kind one, and I recalled it to
mind.

"But it is the truth ; it is just the way when
I leave him. with the baby !"

Every time I repeat the little circumstance
in the presence of mothers, they seem with
one accord to agree that she was nearly if not
quite, justilied in s])eaking as she did. Now
perhaps T had better take care that I do not
become dictatorial, or get into argument, for
argument so often results onlj^ in strengthen-
ing both jjarties in eri'or, that I earnestly hope
I may avoid it. I also would avoid any lin-
gering disposition to excuse my own sex.
(:J ran ting that he had been very heartless in
allowing tlie baby to cry nearly two hours.

what -was the very best thing to do under the
circumstances V or rather, what is best to do
under all circumstances where we are likelj'
to feel the least disposition to tell people
wherein they have lieen wrong while we have
l)een right, and to go even further, any dispo-
sition to complain of anybody or anything in
a fretful, faultfinding way, whatever the prov-
ocation may have been V Is it not possible; to
have such perfect command over ourselves
that instead of feeling the slightest disposition
to i-etaliate, we can coolly consider how best
any bad matter may be remedied, and at the
same time make the author of the mischief a
better man or woman, as the case may be? A
great part of the world prides itself on remem-
bering a favor, and on being fair and liberal
with those who have shown a similar spirit,
but in our model household we wish each
member to emphaiicuily bear in mind the glo-
rious doctrine of returning good for evil, and
that a blessijig follows from applying it, in
the most trivial actions as well as the greater
afl'airs of life. In regard to the baby I would
suggest that as soon as the state of affairs was
seen, the mother should at once assume all the
blame, if any blame there was, and mildly
apologise to the trout)led husband for her pro-
tracted stay; this would have at once brought
out his better self, even Iiad he performed his
duties indifferently; and by the way, in no
manner can a parent so well show that he "ru-
leth himself," as by being at all times ready to
take all the ])lame of any misunderstanding.
Show that your shoulders are broad, and that
you can bear to be blamed for that which you
iiave not done, and above all things, do not
fall into the cowardlj' habit of arguing ^over
"whose fault it was," ai the little things that
will continually go wrong. Careful investiga-
tion of the case in (juestion revealed the fact
that the tube of the bal)y's nursing-bottle was
of an inferior <iuality of rubber, and had be-
come so softened by the milk as to cause the
sides to adhere together, and so the "precious
little darling" had perhaj^s tugged away at it
until long after forl)earance hact ceased to be a
virtue, and then it had simply vented its right-
eous indignation toward all modern innova-
tions of whatever nature, that stood in the
way of supplying even such a little speck of
humanity with its needful nourishment. Its
papa doubtless after having "interviewed'" all
the machinery to the best of his inexperienced
judgment, concluded that it must be crying
simply to have its mamma come home, a feel-
ing in which he probably heartily joined at the
time, and so both waited in — guess we'll say
imiHitieiice , while the "long minutes" slowly
dragged b}'. Had the makers of these rubber
goods been faithful in little things, all this
might have been avoided, and I confess we all
indulged in some rather severe censures on the
way things were made "only to sell," but in
thinking of it since, I fear we did not do our
duty. JNIannfacturers, joblx'rs, retailers, aud
business nun generally, arc fellow creatui'es,
and are probably just as good, and just as con-
scientious as we are. Ask yourself if — when
j'ou are inclined to censure some one — you
would do any better if you were in the same
business or place. If you sa_y you would, we
must take it for granted that you are better

is:

OUR HOMES.

ihiiii people in general, and tlie conclusion is
«liat we are all better than our nei<rhI)ors.
Ought we not to coiichKle tliat uc are all only
<i fair average':' I think it will be a niueli safer
Ibuudation lor our work. After having had
<-onsiderable experience in business with the
Jewelers of our land,— the trickiest set of men
in the world, some may say,— 1 feel no hesita-
tion in saying that our business men as a gen-
<'ral tiling, are very ghul indeed to be told tlie
'aultsof their wares, if it is only done in the
proper spirit, especially those who have done
a long and successful business. A per.M)n said
to me X few days ago, in speaking ol a brother
in the churcii wiio is a. jeweler,

"I will never enter his store again, he cheat-
ed me so abominably."

•'Please don't say that, friend H., I really
hope Mr. S. is a good christian, like yourself.
Please tell me about it.'
"Why he sold me these studs for solid gold."
"Well, are they not? they look nice."
"Oh yes ; they wear bright, but see how they
have blackened my lineu'shirt bo.><om."

The button holes were too large, and in slip-
ping about they had marked the linen as with
a lead i^encil, and it was not until I had ex-
plained that even a gold coin would do the
.same, that I succeeded in convincing him that
JMr. S. was honest, and even then he said he
had become prejudiced against them and did
nut want to keep them. Is it not a sure indi-
<-ation that we are wrong whenever we, under
any circumstances, feel like saying that we
never want anything more to do with a fellow
being y I feel very sure that the kindest thing
you can do is to tell the dealer pleasantly just
wherein his wares have disappointed his cus-
tomers ; he in turn can then tell the Jobber in
the same pleasant way where the mistakes are,
and the jobber can talk over the matter with
the manufacturer. Jobbers and manufactur-
ers, and to a certain extent, dealers, seem to
have discoveivd this great fundamental truth,
and I have frequently known of their taking
back damaged goods and smothering their iii-
dignation, in a way that was decidedly return-
ing good lor evil, even if the inspiring motive
was only to avoid losing one, who was ordina-
rily a good customer. The consumer is really
tlu one to decide how goods are to be made,
and also has very much to say in regard to
what prices shall be asked, but the whole mat-
ter can be, aye, and should be, conducted in
the most friendly manner. Do not for an in-
stant think -of crowding your grocer or dry
goods man "into a corner," for unless he is a
much better Christian than yourj^elf, he will
surely retaliate, and theji instead of having a
friend to deal with you have in one sense an
enemy. As (pjarrels are contagious in a ueieh-
l»orhood, so is peace makingj and one peace
maker may by force of example do more good
in a community perhaps, than even the minis-
ter who occupies the pulpit on the Sabbath.
Not that I would speak lightly of our sermons,
but that they have been heard so often ; many
times actions will set peoi)]e to thinking when
talking will not stir them. Go help your min-
ister in the way I have described.

Now tell your druggist that it is a bad
thing to starve bees by having incmcient bce-
ieeders, and a very serious X.\nng~nt your house

—to have machinery for the babies that is lia-
ble to cut off their rations ; and pleasantly teli
him thnt if he has none l)etter Ik; may gft you
a f/ood one at the first oj)j)ortunitv. A Yew
complaints like this, and tiie manufacturer
will soon do dillerently, especially after he
has had to take back an invoice "f>r two be-
cause they were badly made.

CHAPTER II.

"V ))t'nny saved, is two pence earned."— /•'/•an/.-/(ji.
I suppose you have all heard the matter of
buying the various family supplies at whole-
sale talked over, thereby saving the proHf^
that your grocer must, conscientiously, charge
to give lum a fair and honest prolif. You have
doubtless heard enumerated how you might
save the prolits that go to the "middle men,"
might save the time it takes to go round and
do the marketing, save the time occupied in
making change, save the wrapj)ing paper, etc.,
etc., — get rich in fact, from the "pennies saved, '
that now are wasted. This reasoning is al'
good and sound I believe, and in fact 1 believe
that humanity in general, admits it ; but not-
withstanding, very few indeed have put in
practice and carried out this great plan of sa-
ving l)oth time and money. A few went into
it vehemently, even went 'so far as to inform
their grocer that they were going to stand
his extortionate prices no longer, they ' »uld
buy as cheaply as he, and the like; did the
grocers break down y Surely not. They kept
along quietly in the good old way, and bye
and bye their old customers came "Dack and
traded, in the good old way, and like the thous-
and and one reforms that come up daily, things
soon went back in the same old ruts, wasteful
though they were. Perhaps I should say pn-t-
ty nearly the same old ruts, for such excite-
ments do usually tend to work a slow change
for the better. I am trying to lubricate the
wheels a little, and see if I cannot accelerate
the slow change. The greatest trouble in this
matter of buying supplies to last a whole year,
is — I have been told, — with the otiier sex. If
you put a barrel of sugar in the pantry it don't
hold out, as when bought in 2 lb. packages as
fast as wanted ; there is "lots ot'it, " and where
is the need of "scrimping'?" Everything will
be sweetened up as it should be ; the children
can have a lump, the baby a bigger one, and
bless their ilear generous hearts — babLes and
mothers too if you like — if there is a poor
neighbor who has sugar neither by the pound
or barrel, or one who never jiays back when
she borrows, from the store of plenty all are
supplied until it is all out, and the hard work-
ing husband sees no other than the good old
way of getting two pounds at. a time, and
keeping a constant check on extravagance, by
grumbling every time he is told a supj)ly is
out. ""Whatever /(rtiv you done with so much
sugar lately?"' And he surveys a row of juve-
nile faces that, with the exception of the baby,
deem it a duty to look guilty while eiuiuiries
are propounded as to what was dojie with the
money he generously gai'e {Juiii a few days ago ;
and before you blame the i)oor man too much.
let me suggest tlial h(> has learned l)y l)itter
experience that iic w^/^s■/ (luestion clear down to
the xary last l.-ist ten cent scri]t, us to w'lere it

OUR HOMES.

all weut to. Where is the trouble? Trouble
there is, for both parents look troubled and
unhappy, the children look troubled, and per-
haps the only f^limpse of sunshine that is at
this minute to be found in the household,
cQines Iroin the baby. "Precious little dar-
liuix ! " she has confidence, perfect confidence in
both papa and mauima, confidence in brothers
and sisters, confidence in every body and every
thing. Is not this confidence, this love and
innocence, just what is wanted':' To be sure
these two parents love each other, but is thei'e
not danijer of this love bcins; covered up and
forj^otten in the mutual distrust that now
seems to reitjn V He has no confidence in her
ability to handle money judiciously, and she,
feels indi<i:nant that he should seem to think it
all h'H money. Have they not both Avorked for
itV Has she not even worked more hours than
he? Then why should it not be a partnership,
why should he not tell her about his business
as he would a friend of his own sex? Why
should he not see that her hard and laborious
life is all ijiven toward one common object
like his own, viz., a nice and pleasant home,
and rearing tlieir little family in such a way as
to be good a)ul useful citizens, if possible such
as will be the pride of their country when they
grow up ?

It is an easy matter to tell how things are,
to tell how they should be, and to tell what
ought to '>e done; but is it not possible to
make this wcnnan careful, to cure this man of
being stingy — I don't mean you dear reader ;
no, no, it is souk? one of your neighbors that
you can think of — to make them mutually con-
fide in and trust each other? I feel sure it
can be done, with God's help I know it can be
done; as greater things have been done in our
dear little home, I feel sure they may be done
in others. By briuiring the proper forces to
bear 1 feel as sure this woman can be induced
to try to equal — nay, to excel lier husband in
economy, as that we can teach the blue eyed
baby better, who is r.his minute pouring the
blue vvhortle))erry juice out of her sauce plate,
all over her clean Sunday clothing that the
ambitious raotiier has donned so as to have her
all I'cady in time for church, and to win that
jiroud smile from her pai)a vvlien lie sees lier
looking so like a very "pink of perfection."
Do you wonder that the poor mother feels likt;
giving up in despair, and just hiving a '-big
cry?" Can't babies be taught ? Just you iry
thorn on some piece of mischief and see. "And
am I to be taught like a baby?" says the in-
dignant mother through her tears. "Except
ye become as little children, etc." Oh I th.at,
we might consent to be as litth' children so far
as touching our pride, is concerned, and that
Ave might become humble enough to admit we
are in the wrong, and thus get into a position
capable of becoming lugher, stronger, and no-
bler. Will you help? very well ; we will com-
mence with the baby. Tell her just what she
has done, and how sorry mamma is that she has
spoiled all her clean clothes, that jioor mamma
gets awful tired, etc., but make your sermons
short and brief, for liabies, and sometimes oili-
er people, cannot stand Jon;/ sermons. Now
tell the children you will show them a trick ;
place two clean tea-cups on a clean sheet of
pai)er, fill one to the brim with water, and ask

if any one of the children can get the water all
into the otlier cup Avithout even so much as;
Avetting the clean paper. When they get to
Avork with their spoons, the baby Avill want to
try it too. Give her two sauce plates and
some Avater and tell her to i>e very careful not to
spoil mamma's table cloth : Avhen they can ma-
nipulate Avatei" carefully give them sauce or
honey, bye and bye spill some honey on the
bare table, and offer a premium to the oueAvho
Avill clean it all up (juickest and neatest, al-
ways siviug the baby a task e((ual to her iibil-
ity. Now in yOur capacity of teacher you'
should be as careful about using an unkini?
Avord, or using the least bit of censure for awk-
Avardness, as you would be in carrying a shov-
el of coals through a room where gunpowder
was knee deep. You can Avind up by telling
them that mamma has ever so much hard woi'k
to do, and that all are going to help make it
easier. l>aby can be taught to pick up, and"
hang up things in their places — one of our lit-
tle ones learned this so \rell that he Avonid
hang up every thing, even down to the shoes
and stockings if they were left in his sight, and
I verily believe he would have hung up the
cups and saucers if he could have tied strings
to them — the older ones can put in fuel, clear
up every splinter and bit of litter, and the fath-
er can set an example for the rest of the house-
hold by cleaning his boots with the most
scrupulous exactness before coming into the
house, etc., etc., and really making it a busi-
ness to help in every Avay, both by precept and
example. Dare you urge that this takes too
much time and is too much bother? Canyon
fail to see that this jjlan followed out, would
give you a force of Avorkers, cheerful and faith-
ful ones, on the farm, in the garden, the fields,
the barns, nay, in the .^:tore, the counting house,
in our schools and even churches, of a kind
that money cannot purchase ; a kind of help
that is more to be valued than pure gjld'r'
More than all, you are at the same time giving
your children a part of their education that
none but a ])arent can Avell give, and one that
lies at the vei-y ft>'inda'^lon of a great and noble
character. Arelliere ever children that can-
not be interested in such duties? I think not
if the}' are taken at an early age, anrl the i)a-
rent is sufliciently interested in the work to
devote to it all the energy that he does at
times to other matters in life. Children cait
be taught to be neat and skilful, almost as
easily as they can Ix; taught mischief; aud
they can be taught to take pride in keeping
their faces and clothing clean, being careful
that they do not waste their food, being skil
fnl in the use of their spoon, knife and fork,
seeing that everything they have disarranged
in their plays, be carefully put away, and so
on almost Avithout end. This too can be dou'-
in such a way as not to seem irksome to thr
dear little ones, by any clear, strong, faithful
parent; one who perfectly "ruleth himself"
To he continued.

Now my dear friend if you are one of those
people who like a bee-paper to ba all bees and
nothing else, all yon have to do is to givethes,;
two leaves a twitch and they Avill come riglit
out leaving nothing but Gi.kanings.

1;^;-

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

13ft

.Kl'©)p igtei*-i-i® JE'Lti.® ® 11 a!^>a.'^S i»^«)

■?vJ^jf^/?K have Increased from seven to thirteen, and
WW taken oil" 'tOO lbs. box honey ami about 40 lbs.
\l''Jj IVamc. Our best stock s^ive U)^>}i lbs. Wv

f-liali pack thcdi in straw the last ol' November or in

Deccmlior, and not open Uieni until the last of March.

Will some ojie wlio is constantly experimenting, please

trv the straw-' It is clieap ami eap.\ .

Wm. It. Kduaiu'S, .Skaneateles, X. J.

I am a bepinn«i-. Started last spring with five
stands and increased to nineteen. Have taken 700
lbs. ol'lioncv, nearly all in small caps.

li. .\. Calvi.n, Ean Clair, Mich., Sept. 3Cth, '75.

REPI.V TO JAMES SIEDUON.

•^ r,;)EKMIT me to give on these pages my report for
jjr* (hi^ seaso^n, at the ■same time to try to say some-
t— ?j thing- to console our much bereaved frierid
James lleddon; begginjj his pardon however, and as-
suring I'riend II. that we only wish to get at facts in a
friendly way. Now fncnd "il., I have six thousand
<!ollars invested in farm i)roperty, 80 acres, the soil
gravelly loam . onve timbered with sugar maple, bass-
wooil and elm ))rincipally- It is in a goofl state of
<-ultivalion and I try to "make it i)ay all I can in a
money point of view "without impoverishing tlie soil.
1 might also add, I am a farmer's son, have taken the
Am. Agricnllurisi for j'cars, am 35 years old, and
weigh 175 'bs. Am hale and strong, yet withal I tind
farming a very slow way of making money. The pi-o-
<'.eeds from this fann for the past three years will not
junount to 8100.0(J annually alter paying hired help,
taxes, wititering stock, etc.

Now, for bees and bee culture I will take this sea-
son, it having been the poorest of all since 1 have been
in the bee business. I sold 5 stocks in the spring at
$18.00 each, leaving me 75 to begin the season with ;
itrom these I have increased to 175, have sold ".'S stocks
at glo.OO each, leaving me 150 stronger stocks than I
■over before had ready for winter quarters. Have ta-
ken StiOO lbs. of extracte<l houev, 17 barrels or a little
less than (iOOO lbs. of whicdi, 1 sold to Mr. Chas. F.
Muth of Cincinnati, at 10 cts. per lb. Balance of ex-
n-acted sold at home by the jar, jug and pailful. Have
also sold 700 lbs. of comb honey in frames at 25 cts. per
lb., and I have yet on hand about -JOOO lbs. of uutin-
sshed comb hoiiey which 1 am selling at 20 cts. per lb.

I have a letter llefore me received from friend Hed-
<lon, in which he says, when Mr. Bingham succeeded
in wintering his bees two years ago, about GO in num-
l>er, he got ^louo.oo worth of hon(!y, all box ; now does
Mr. H. know this? I presume be does or he would
never have written it. This theory being true, only
think ! of having S-2,000.00 buried up in this precarious
j'ursnit. Indeeil, Irieud H. 1 like to hear men grum-
ble, but you suit me too well, t sliall withhold my
grumbling until I see how well I can do with 100"0
.swarms, if perchance I winter 'em.

H. M. IJoOf, Carson City, Mich., Oct. 5th '75.

HOrSE APIAUIES.

BEAR NOVICE :— I desire for my Apiary the se-
verest criticism, and the most thorough practic-
al tests, but it is desirable that they should be

made in .(/««? /«?7/(, and with a view to the improve-
ment of our "profession."

The "cxiiensive ventilators" spoken of, if made of
wood. woul<! not cost more than two or three dollars,
and the jiainted entrances not to exceed lifty cents.
IMore expensive ones could be used, but thev would
l)e no better except for the looks. The house itself
may be built of any form or dimensions, and any style
ol hive can be useU in it, though I prefer the close-
litting frame witliont box, or the bimplicity with
some modjiications. For common use and particular-
ly for bo.x honey, the form of the building should be
rectangulai-, that form is more convenient, aiid very
iimcli cheaper than the octagon. When the extractor
is to be used, and one chooses to add the extra ex-
pense, the rectangle and hexagon combined is most
desirable.

A house 9x15 feet will accomodate fifty hives, and
give ample space for eighty 1}< lb. surplus frames to
each hive, and for handling the hives -to advantage.
Such a house, built according to my plans, will cost at
least a third less than a building of the same dimen-
sions built the usual way, and less than fifty good
out-door hives.

As to my claims in the A. B. J.,]^c'mg''^niuch loo

.s?ro«(/," 1 can only say that the matter is in the hands
of the bee-keepers of the (Mnmtry, and i i^ave no doubt
thcj- will decide it iirojjerly.

It its claims are sustained— as I have ni> doubt they
will be- it will work an entire revolution in Iwe cul-
ture, and save inillitnis of dollars every year, that are
now \vasted ; ami will also open up an avenue of
healthlul and remunerative employment to the ladies.
J. fS. CoK, Montclair, N. J., Oct. 12th, '75.

On the 5th of Oct., I visited Mr. Coe at Montclair,
and saw Ids bee house. After reluming home, 1 saw
the article in <;i.EAN/N<i,s, on jiage l.'U, saying I ha<l
never seen his house, et(% I saw "nothing about his
house, that would leail me to suj/pose that bees would
sting less, than in Faulkner's house. When you and
Mr. Coe have made as many tons of box honey in
the house apiary as 1 have, we will hear nothing more
about l>ees not stinging in the bee house.

J. P. MOOKK, Binghampton, N. Y.

Late in the season— about the middle of August— J
bought two of Faulkaer's patent bee houses, one con-
taining 14 stands of Italian bees, the other 15 stands of
same— they had gathere<l no honey tliis season, and
had not been /ci up to that time, and were conse-
quently not in a very good condition. I was totally
inexperienced, never having had any thing to do with
beva, but commenced feeding them right away, first 1
fed syrup made from cofl'ee sugar, but they did not
lay up any honev, so I bought some buckwheat honey
and am now feeding that. "But my inexperience I lear
will cause me to make some errors that will cost me
my whole stock. What would vou advise in niv case?
J, A. SMITH, Hal-twell, O., Oct. lOth, '75.

We would much prefer sugar syrup to your
buckwheat honey. See page 69, this same
item from friend Prentice will do for those
who are so much in favor of the straw packing.
They had buckwheat houey. Friend S. we
would like to know about those house Apia-
ries ))efore they came into your hands ; havi;
they ever been a success? It in very injudi-
cious for beginners to invest in expensive pat-
ented fixtures.

I am in doubt about cutting a hole in the quilts ami
putting in wool. In working that bee house don't
forget the small folks who have from one to a dozen
hives. 1 winter in the cellar.

Hannah W. Williams, Springville, la., Oct. G, '75.

Send me if you please a little fuller description of
"house Ai]iary." 1 like the plan and want to put up
one like it. Do you make tiie fioor doubled how do
you make air spaces in outside wall? How large
should the ventilator be, from cellar, and aljove
through roof? Do you have any ventilator from out-
side into cellar ?

J. S. NoiiLE, Akron, O., Oct. ISth, '75.

We would again earnestly advise that our
friends be not hasty in deciding on house Api-
aries; canyon not wait until we have given
it a test for a whole year?

Floor IS not double, for we hav(; a very close
cellar under it ; we do not have twiy ventila-
tion from the cellar, chiefly because our soil is
clay, and damp in cold weather; in fact we
have no vcntihitors more than the >% entrance
holes, and we are xitvy mucli inclined to think
none else are needed. The.se entrances will be
closed with wool or woolen cloth in very cold
weather. Air spaces in the wtillsare made by
separating the paper with strips of board —
lath will do — thus making three dead air si)a-
ces. Each coating of i)aper vre made as nearly
airtight as we could, iwesuniing that if the
frost gets through the first two coatings it will
rarely get through the third, and never, we
hope, through the fourth^ During a recent
freeze many bees were killed by getting too far
from the cluster in our out-door hives, but noth-
ing of the kind luis taken place in the house,
and this one item, during spring and fall, will,
we think, prove a great gain.

140

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE

Nov.

CllERlES, ETC.

IHAT are the ml vantages and ilisadvantages of
frames without bottom bars?
Have you tried thin pine guides an inch or
more in width? Will the Queea laj' in cells built on
tiiese wooden guides ? r. Movku.

Sharpsville, Pa., Oct. 6, '75.

Advantage proposed is to occupy with
comb the space that is usually taken up by
the bottom l)ar, but the fi-ame is so insecure
that we believe the plan has generally been
dropped. The irregular bottom made by the
bees, and the exti-a lumber recjuired to make
tlie frame strong are the objections. The
(^ucen will not '.ay in the cells with wood bot-
toms, l)ut they will be tilled with honey. We
think there is no advantage in having these
guides over ^a or H inch in width.

How many slieets of Comb Foundations 6 Ijy 16 are
in a jiound ? Would it iiay to invest largely? Bees
did well this sunnner, had" U in spring, have 26 now.
Sold $140.00 worth of honev. A. F. Stauiler,

"sterling. Ills., Oct. ISth, "5.

About 10. Invest largely in nothing nntil
you have tested it for yourself.

I have bought tw^o stands to start with. Have had
them 7 weeks; had one swarm about 3 weeks after I
got them home, took 65 lbs. of lioney from the young
swarm and about the same amount from one old one.
They \vere in rommon box liives and I liad to drive
tlieni out of one hive into anotlier. I would like your
idea as to the best way of wintering. My bees" are
wel! protected, as I am "surrounded on three sides by
woods, and on the fourth are very liigli blull's. I hav"e
thouglit of digging a cave in tlic bluff for wintering,
liut would like tlie opinion of some one acquainted
with the matter. Am going to use the L. hive. Have
just purchased one as a pattern, cost me SO. 00.
Yours respectfully. C A. H. FisiiEit,

Kenebec, la.. Aug. 17th, '75.

A cave if dry and frost-proof will be excel-
lent.

I have started my carload of bees to California,

and will sti'."t witli 14 others to tlie coast to-morrow.

JC. Wilkin, Oskaloosa, Iowa, Oct. 22ik1, '75

AVITH OtR I5EJi:S.

^ i^'lfW"'*^'^'' '■'' ever, come perfect days.' "" said Cyu-
\'M la, pausing for one brief moment in the
^i^ doorway, and looking across witli longing
eyes to tile changing woods.

But a few years since, days like this— days when
the sky was cloudless, and the sunshine soft and
warm, and tlie maples were turning to scarlet and
gold.— such days were sacreil to long strolls in the
woods for autumn leaves; and now I thoughtlesslv
exclaimcd,

"Wc will take the whole day Cyula ! It is too per-
fect for anything but the wood's, and we may not
have another like it."

And Cyula turned, and solemnly laying her hand
on my shoulder, led me out among the bees, saying
sternly,

"Yoii will sjiend your perfect day here, mv dear!
We may not liave another like it, "you say, yet you
think to entice me to the woods when not a single
colony is prepared for winter !"

Then Cyula walked into the house for her bee-hat
and the Quinby smoker, leaving me to my own re-
flections.

"O my pets!" I cried, with despair and affection in
my lieart; "didn't you stand between me and the
woods last year ? ;)nd shall it be the same this year ?

And so the day has i);issed with our bees, and 1 have
only a wee bit of it for myself, now that the sun is low
and the air is too cool for opening another liive. But
after all, tlie day has been full of a delight that only a
bc!e- keeper can understand; and not once have I tho't
of the woods for whose glories I so longed in Die
morning. Only now, sitting bv queen Bland's door-
step, do I look over with a half sigh to the clianging
maiiles an<l down to the dark pines. Maud's colony
is one of our best lieloved. Ma\id is Medina's cldes"t
rlaughter. and Medina, wo explain to ouv village
Irienas, with much satisfaction, is the daughter of an

imported Queen. So bright and good are the bees of
this colony! when others, Cleopatra's for instance,
tiercely dispute at this season our right to interfere
witli their household affairs, Maud's subjects only
buzz enquiringly around our heads.

'•And within our lieads !" sugsests Cyula.

After speaking in praise of Maud's "bees it is not
pleasant to say anything to tlieir discredit, and yet
Cyula by that allusion compels me. But shall the
wrong doing of one bee condemn the whole colony ?

It chanced this afternoon as I was shaking the bees
from a frame, that one crept unobserved beneath my
vail, and before I could free my hands and give it an
opportunity to return, it liad riished blindly into one
of my ears. Tlien I confess I lost my comijosure and
called wildly for help. It was not the shar)} sting so
much as the frantic efforts of the little creature to pen-
etrate to the interior, that alarmed me. When, at last,
its explorations ceased, and witli Cyula's lielp it sl.iw-
I ly came back to tlie light. I discovered wliat I had
before been unconscious of— that another bee had left
its sting on iny throat.

"You say that Maud's bees are bright," pursues Cy-
ula. "In what sense do you mean ?"

"In each and every sense," I emphatically return.

"They showed their brightness last summer," she
continued, "when tliey swarmed down to tlie woods
and clung to a maple for two hours, leaving poor
wingless Maud at home. And when, at last, they de-
cide<l to return, they showed tlieir superior brightness
by circling halfway round the clearing, entering the
apiary from the opposite direction, and |)lunging into
the lirst hive they came to. Do you remember that
we were obliged to throw sheets over half the hives
before they found and entered their own home ?
Bright bees they are indeed !"

1 close my portfolio. "Are you aware, Cyula, that
it was my intention to give a full account of this day's
work ? And if you Imd stayed in-doors, trying to
make niceli/fitiing quiJts. for the bees—"

"Your article would have been too long for Glean-
ings," she interrupts. And then, as we go in, she adds,

"There are signs of rain in tlie east. If it be too
stormy to work among the bees to-morrow, j'ou shall
go to the W'oods."

Neliie Linsw^ik.

'■'■Our Clearing,'''' October, 1S75.

Thanks friend Nellie, and please do not im-
agine that articles like the above are in au.y
. danger of being found too long for Gleanings.
Tell us all about how you prepared them for
winter, and if we Iiave so many letters from
our lady apiarists that we cannot lind room,
we shall enlarge Gleanings, we assure you.

Bees frequently get into the ear by accident,
but rarely with a purpose of stinging, yet so
strong is the inclination to use the linger to
get them out, on the impulse of the moment,
that one is almost sure to get stung. This is
a very good test of an apiarist's self command ;
if he or she can stand perfectly still — making
uo wry faces, but on the contrary looking
pleasant "the wliile" a bee buzzes about and
makes frantic elforts to turn round, making a
roar meanwhile something like a cataract, wt^
shall have to conclude that the}- have learned
the great lesson of being master of themselves,
even while imagination pictures the cxtjuisite
agony of one of these intensely pungent stings
when planted in such a delicate organ. "When
handling bees during cool weather in the fall,
a young bee will sometimes creep into the ear
by mistake, and linding it a warm i>lace inno-
cently concludes to stay until something turns
up indicating the whereabouts of his compan-
ions. In this case it must be made to get out
without too severe pressure; perhaps the aid
of some one else may be reciuired. You might
tiy screaming at the top of your voice, but be-
ware liow you administer injudicious pokes
v,ith your linger. Wear a veil? Well, j^es if
you 7)iii.st have one, Imt we really cannot help
thinking you all ought to feel ashamed of tlie
feeling that prompts its use.

F.875.

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

Ul

FROM DIFFERENT FIELDS.

/iJP'JjAX 1 divjile a large swarm of bees at this time of
'Mjj the year, and build them up for wintering, that
>s^' is. got lia'Mi lo raise bees bv fee<ling sugar svru])
ill .Septe/nber aiul O<.;tober so that I v. ill have "two
-•swarms liavjjig bees enoJigii to winter well, n^ far as
bees are coJicernL^l y I have Ji! swanus. 1 lost all but
«>ne last spring. jukI that was (Jueeuless in the spring.
I bouglit 3 goo<l swaniis in May. in box liives; irans-
lerre-i them, and in June divideil theui. in Julv they
were running over witli Lees, and all oast.a swann, afl
are now full of bees and honey; when I look into the
hives 1 wish 1 JkkI an extractor, for there is honey to
gallier, buttheyliave plenty, and won't work in boxes.
^^'. A. AJ)AJl.s, l-.asion. Wis., .SL'i)t. (ith, 1875.

With a hive of 10 combs well rilled witli hon-
ey and pollen, we think jou would be <juit«
.safe iu dividing, say as early a.s the rtrst week
ill Sept. If von have empty combs to rill out
both hives, and a fertile Q"eeu to give the
iiueenless part, it might safely be done even
•2 weeks later. This is rather uus^ife work for
a ))egiuner, and where combs are to be built,
it should all be attended to iu warm weather;
it is true that by eery lil)eral feeding we may
have combs built even iu Nov.. ; butlt is quite
c-xpeusive business, so much of the feed is con-
sumed iu keeping up the requisite temperature.
Wt once tested the matter by giving one colo-
ny a Ixirrd of sugar in Oct. audNov^

property ?
are jjeddle*

Of course we mean the rit^iits tliat
about to individuals.

\

I lost .3 stands last winter, ami the 3 that J had left
I Increased to 10 stands, Iroiu them I took 200 lbs. of
<.-xtracted honey. , Mks. E. liiTLEK.

Scotlville, Ills., Sept. 24Ui, "75.

I startetl last spring with 20 colonies, nine of them
ui okl boxes, have increased to 50 good onea, all in
b'lnu'S double wailed hives. I would not have a board
hive as a gilt if 1 could get Finn's. 1 am sometimes
tempted to smile at your discussions on wintering,
and your hostility to those horrible uatents. Friend
-Novice, how about those metal corners ■' are thev not
patented .-• But enough of this now, jieihaps voii will
iiear from me again, if I have lime. I have taken 1100
ibs. extracted honey, could have done better had I
not been loo much occupied in other aflairs and neg-
lected my bees. Hope lo be able lo attend to their
wants better next lime. The clover and linden were
failures oa account of wet weather, and the h.mev has
ficen gathered suice the middle oi August from'wild
lowers. Yours in sweetness, JAtou J. KisiiK.

Adelphi, Iowa, Sept. ICth, '75.

Almo.st all valuable implements, and man-
ufactured articles in common use, are patent-
ed, and no one, so far as we know, has ven-
tured to intimate that there is anything wrong
;iijout it. The only question is, is it right to
peddle individual town.ship, county, and state
rights about among the people ? In fact, is it
right to sell your fellow men anvthing that
you feel sure will be of no use to them 'i '

Such rights have been sold in our own town
for the past 20 years, to our knowledge, and
although bee-hive rights are gone by,*" rights
for fences, patent well-diggers, etc., etc., have
been sold within the past few days, and the
money has invariably been paid by men who
could illy afford to lose it, yet it has been all
tins time only a continual loss, for not a sin-
gle one of the "great inventions" has ever
proved to be of any value. One after another
has l^eeu dropped, and yet the same people
Irequeutly waste their hard earnings in the
same manner again. Have not the evils of
this kind of traffic left their marks iu every
community iu the laud ? and do such rights
ever prove to be of permanent value like other

.\ WOIJI) ABiX'T MK IIIUAN.

FRIEKJ) N()VIOK:-We confe.-s to a feeling of
inideaiu. satishn-tion in peru.Hng the good wor.ls you
speak o! our adopte.l staie-JMichignn in lasKii.iiAN-
.1 ?•• 1. '*'»■"'>■ '' wni'-nonwealth, whether viewed in
the hght ol her natural advantages, line climate or he
weal h,enterpr,.se and general enlightenment of her
people. Indeed, in our somewliai extensive travel-
no o her section ol „ur country pleases ?« so well,
lint lest some ot your leaders may obtain an errone-
ous impression in regard to our state as being a i)ara-
dise lor bee-keepeis, we oJler a few ihomghts as
additional lo your "Notes by ihe Way."

Ailozen years ago, tliere coidd hardly have been
lmiu<l in all ihe country between the Atlantic and
J acilic a more lavorabie location lor the ajiiarian.
but the sad havoc which the circular saw has made in
the graaul old poplar and linden forests, anu the con-
sequeui change of climate has reduced the leally lii-i
class bee sections to comparativelv a verv few and
these are constantly growing less." Nine' \ ears a^o,
the hndeu would have furnished ami.k erni.loymeiu.
lor a thousand stocks (no exaggeration) uhere we
now write; now the fall llowers are our main depen-
( ence, which materially reduces our prolits irom the
Apiaiy.

Then our peculiar situation— between the srcat
lakes— gives u.s a very humid atmcsphere, which
makes successiul wintering by the ordinary method-,
quae out of the question, indeed, lor profitable bee-
culture, our native state-New iork. presents lar
greater inducements to the apiarian now, than Mich-
igan does, or (in our opinion) ever can.

We give you these ideas, based on actual expeii-
ence, not to discourage a single person even irom
engaging in our "lasciuating jjursuit" here in the old
l^euinsular .Siate," but simply as a statement of lacts,
that vour readers may not entertain ihe notion that
Michigan IS a paradise for the apicultuiist.

c .V, TT ,,. , "HkUUEUT A. IJlliCll.

South Haven, Mich., Oct. 4th, '75.

From the Syracuse Journal of Sept, 'Z^ih, 70.

A SWEET SIGHT.
HOW THE liLSV 1!EE IMFIIOVED THE .SHINING HO IK.

Mr. G. M. Dooliltle, of Borodino, brought to this
city yesterday, four wagon loads of pure and beautiim
honey, which he sold to jMr. lloberts, grocer, in the
Myres Block, lor tweutv-live cents per pound. 'Ihe
combaiMl weight of the packages was 7,(00 pounds,
amounting in money to ;J1,7.30. it was handsomely en-
cased in -.'.O-lO small boxes, with glass in either side,
showing the while covering rf the cells, anti thev
were packed in cases ready lor -shipment. Of this
amount, 4,&78 pounds were produced by forty-six
swarms of bees owned by Mr. Doolitile, who for a
number of years has been much interesteil in the sub-
ject Ol bee culture. A year ago he possessed one
hundred swarms, which came irom two swarms lie
obtained in ISfW, but the number was reduced bv
more than one-half by the very cold weather of la.M
April. N ow the inunber is one hnnrlrcd and eiglit.

With the exception of Mr. X. N. Betsingor of Mar-
cellus Falls, who has two hundred and tweuty-two
swarms, Mr. Dooliltle is without doubt the most ex-
tensive as well as one of the best informed bee culiu-
risto in tlie couutv.

The season with us has not been very good, tlie
spring was late and cold, heavy frosts in "June, but if
my bees had been fed in the spring, thev woulil have
given a good yield ol honey, but I could" not be with
them much oi the time ana thev were verv bad about
robbing, and i dare not leed them withoui giving the
cai-e. 1 hail 4!) stocks in the spring, in<'reased t) 10!"
by natural and artilicial swaiming— took 2000 lbs. ex-
tracted ana 1.500 lbs. box honev. My box honey was
about 1000 lbs. less tlian I expected. Honey was quite
plenty nut it was so cold they could not store it in
boxes. 1 run only ,8 hives for extracted hoiiev, got
200O lbs. from the eight— uoirt extract brood t'ombs.
Have now got an imported (^ueen, but her workers
are not near as large as the ones 1 had before. Would
it be a good plan to breeii from them next year ? they
seem to be so small and not as good color as the ones
1 have now. My bees are in rather poor condition for
winter, they have too nnicli lionev, am! I linu it a
great task to extract so late in the "season from hy-
brids. Yours truly, Eewis Keli,e"v.

Smyrna, Mich., .Seiit. 20th, '75.

143

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

Nof .

We think tiie small bees from your :raported
Queen au accidental (juality, and not a usual
one ; if very small, we would send soms to th e
]>erson who sold her, and ask if you arc not en-
titled to a better Queen.

EDITOR Gleanings:— Please iiml enclosed Sl.W
for which send us a Queen, or get one for us. We
have S swarms, find one Queenless, .tnd as we don't
like to lose them would like to get a (fucen for
them. You asked in one of your pai)ers who Avould
try a swarm to get, an organ with. We got a swarm
three years ago to get an organ with and we now
have 8 swarms and 8^2.03 in money. Have bought all
of our hives and honey boxes. If we winter them
well this winter we shall get the organ next year.
We take three Bee Journals.

Ag'ves & MArriB Kelly.

Smyrna, Ionia Co., Mich., Oct. l'2th, '75.

In spite of our decision not to sell Queens,
we keep having orders like the above, and it is
so much trouble to send the money to some
one else or to return it, that we decided a few
days ago that we would as a remedy turn
right around and jUl all the orders. The re-
sult is that we shall not have 100 colonies, but
we will save buying sugar, and we will have
as many baes in a hive as we can well get in ;
if they all winter, we can try our hand at
Queen rearing next season. Don't send any
more orders this fall, — in fact please don't
send any more at any time until we tell you
we have some ready to send.

You do not know how much your report en-
courages lis, friends Agnes and Mattic ; is
Michigan the only state in which ladies can
succeed in bee-culture V or is it that we can
not get the others to talk out?

IKAMK STAUTKU.

I have made an instrnment for starting frames when
stuck by the bees. I will enclose a plan of it. Please
give yoiir opinion of it.

HoKACE LiBivy, Box 37J, I^ewiston, Maine.

B, rests on frames ; A, coroes under frame ; by bear-
ing down on the han'dle the frame is started without
any jar. Handle of wood, lever of round steel. ITie
implement is six inches in length.

We think very favorably indeed of the im-
])lement, and it will be an excellent exercise
for our friends who are apt mechanics, as are
all good bee-keepers, we believe, to see how
neatly and efficiently they can get up the va-
rious little implements that arc so handy in
working about among the hives. We remem-
ber noticing a very "cute looking" little scra-
per used for cleaning the wax and propolis
from the inside of hives, and also from the
honey boards, at friend Palmer's. We will
give one free advertisement of such imple-
ments, and where we think them meritorious,
will explain them by diagram as above. When
practical)le send us the device by mail, that
we may give it a practical test. We hardly
need say that no frame-starter of any kind is
required wliere the metal corners are used, and
one is hardly needed where the frames rest (ni
a strip of metal — hoop iron, for instance. The
objection to hanging common frames on the
thin strip of metal, is that it makes a most
excellent device for careless persons to cut
bees in two. To be sure you can avoid this by
working carefully, but with 50 to 100 hives

we cannot afi'ord to wait and stoop to look
under the ends of the frames to see that air
the bees are out of the way. Again, these-
wood supports will when used year after year,
allow the metal to sink into "them, and the-
Ij^es will then glue them so fiist, that nothini»:
short of a man's strength can start thens with-
the fingers alone. In regard to Ivilling l^ees,
one of our large bee-keepers, — in fact two difl*
erent ones recently spoke to the effect that
when we l^egan to count our bees by the
hundred colonies we could not afford to stop-
to see whether a few bees were going to be-
killed or not, and one of them, suiting his-
actions to his words, stamped a lot of peace-
able little yellow-banded innocents into the
dirt, just to "save them from starving'," for ho
had given the colony away. lie may be right,
it may be better for them to die a quick, al-
most painless death, than the slow, ling-ering-
one of starvation, Irat can we not get alouu
without killing them in either wayV This
same friend, — he is a good friend to you all, —
when he has more bees than he wants, as he
almost always has, shakes the old ones out on
the snow, and makes a colony of the young-
bees from two hives. Now this may be n,
good plan, but from all we can gather on the
subject we must honestly think the "old bee"
theory a great mistake, for we have had bees
repeatedly that we knew were all ohT, rear
brood and raise Queens, nearly if not quite as
well as young ones. To give both sides of
the "comer" (juestion, we should add that two
persons have recently, wheri asked, been frank
enough to state that they could see little if
any difference in favor of such frames. One
was a lady, and when we asked for something
to start the wood frames, — we used a small
screw-driver, such as comes with sewing ma-
chines, always carried in the vest pocket, be-
fore we adopted metal corners, — she brousrht a
butcher knife. She was right ; everything
was full of honey, comb was built above the
frames, and all over metal corners and every
thing else, and in fict a knife with which to
cut tilings lotjse was just what was wanted.
She had also omitted to use the n?etal rabliets
with the corners. The other person was Prof
Cook of the Agricultural College. He told
the students to observe and see if the cornered'
frames were any easier to handle than those
without, all resting on the metal supports ;
they saw little or no difference. Perhaps with-
a large number of hives they might think oth-
erwise; at all events we wish every one to
speak out phiinly just what they think. Thi^
ladies also complained tlnit they cut their fin-
gers—thai they had not strength enough in
their hands to hold the combs when grasped
by the smooth part of the corners. Uiifortu-^
nately these ladies live in 3Iichigan ; if they
only lived in Ohio they would have no such
''troubles." 0>n- combs don't get as heavy as
inni wedges if we happen to neglect extracting-
!br a few days, and we can take one in each
hand and shake ofi' the bees "just us easy as
can be."

DE.VU (iLEANiN<;s:— Tlie frost (;ame the IStli oi
Sept., and took all our jiosics, i?o th:it I have been
obliged to reiilaco the honey v»'itli sugar. Tlic wax
scales made of .sugar are nearl.v cubical while those
made of honey are very thin, i)roving that sugar is the
best to make comb of. Sawdust d'>u^ not grow ii. thif:

18",

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

'i«a

K-oimtry, and the beo.s will crawl under llic hives un-
less the earth IS Iwnlvod u]!, wlieii the rain will stiat-
ler ihe hues willi dirt. 1 led all a .swarm would take
•u|> iroiij a box over the liive, the brood nest was
■N|-read and Jrawies j>lace<t in, Uie lievs in one iiart
reared t^ueen e(!lls while the Queen was in Uie oth-
■<n- side oIl Uie mve. Wliat was the cause?

Lj.oij> Z. Jo.\m;s, iialva, Ills.

We have not observed any marked diffcr-
<.'ncft betw<?eu the wax scales made Irom suijar,
■ami those made from lioiiej. Are you "not
niistakeu:-'

Haak up with dirt and then put a little saw-
dust on top. You can certainly collect
enouiih for tJuit purpose.

You divided the brood too rapidly; they
frequently do this in the long hives where
they do not entirely desert the brood that has
been put too far out of the cluster.

furnish large quantities of lioney ; at otl;«r
times and places, they speak of it as did our
friend of tlie sunflowers. It is unusual but
not unheard of, for young Queens to rear
drones so late.

IMy present locality is a very poor one for honey—
■averafe'Hig about 2.5 lbs. extracted honey to the hive,
and the only way that I know to remeuy it is to iro to
a better one. And tlie best place that 1 have found is
m the monntains-Iilue liidge monnlains. Thev have
,pO))lar, loctist, white clover, whortleberrv. and' sonr-
vood in alKindance. There is also, niouutaiu laurel
■or wikl ivy, and 1 have been told that it secretes a
S>oisonous honey or sweet, and bees will work on it
and there have been insUinces, of people's dyintr
.(roni eating sxkJi honey, lou or any of your roaders"
■rt 111 please Itit me kaow if this be true, also if they
work on it under all ciicumstaiKes, if not, under what
\'!i,^' 7°^'^ on it-is there any way of telling that
Jioney, Iroiii other honey, except by eating it. And
again, would you think it advisable to swap a poor
locality, lor a good one, and risk the laurel? I'lease
tell nie what yon know about it.

Bees are doing as well with us now as thev have
< one this year. J told you last lall that my liives liad
ow n^tfl'^V- "'?i'*/f.'"- 1^'iey have the 'same smell
lou and 1 hn<l that it is caasta by a yellow top weed,
liiat glows around town. 1 enclose you a sprig of it •
you will please let me know the name of it, and if it is
a good honey secreting plant. 1 enclose you a twig of
another weed tiiat we have, that seems to yield honey!

JA^.^v'''-''^-^ V,'^'" '^?''"'' '''"^' «^o^^-^ liom one to four
Jeet high, IS m bloom trom the 1st of October till frost
at IS a very .scraggy, bushy sort of weed. Please cive

-nfo'one wuil ?h'' '"1? '^'\ •'■'^'''*' *^^"^>' '"^ abundance.
lheone\\ith the yellow blow grows from one to two

blossoms: '" ' "" ' ^''''^^ ^°^^' •'°^*^^'^^' "'^^'^ J'^llo^

>.} 'V^V^io^e hive \yith drones in abundance. It is the
aifcst I have ever known them to keei) drones. The

■ V.'f.if t^'*"'"^' '"■°'''?'-" ^^"'^'^"- ^'he tlieorv that for
.1 In e o keep t rones later than usual, is a sign of an
<.M or drone laying (jueen, is not a good one I think

1. li. I'AiucEu, Goldsboro, iS. C, Oct. Uth, '75.
As a general thing we would advise our
readers to be contented and make the best of
things where they are ; almost every locality
has Its advantages as well as disadvantages
and moving is very expensi\-e business. All
we know of the laurel honey has appeared on
these pages. See ])ape 17. Is not the fault
■somewhat yours, as well as the locality''' By
the time you have learned to l;c satisfied with
^•) ib.s to the hive, you will probably lind that
your locality will give more, with more expe-
rienced management. Friend Doolittle in a
recent letter says he has during the past sea-
son k-it no stone unturned that he thought
aught have attbrded a suif/le ovuce more of hon-
ey. As we have said before, if you have none
'uit very strong colonies, and their hives con-
tracted to a space that they can liU densely
we would have no fear but what they will
make the sour honey ripe and wholesome, for
table use at least, if not for the bee.-. By some
means or other it seems that both specimens
sent are ycdlow, and are only dirterent varie-
ties ol the bohdaffo, or golden rod family. Du-
ring some seasons, and in some localities, they

I .\ ^i \^- J»'ves- failed to feeil enough-winter so

ong that bees died-all .save Italians. I bought all
the s waruLs I could-con) menced 1st of July, tor the
sot.^M'liVK* • '."■'i'^^" '.'°*" '" 50 cents, and lastly in

I have oxtra(!tcd about iw lbs., and will exlrac'l m
Enore, all .since 4lh ol .July. .Since the rains in August,
we have had j«st a nood of honey, the box Idves
around have been illk-d, and combs buiK ;::;:!er the
benches m many instances. Swarming was kept up
until 1st 01 Oct., or rather the middle of Sept Such
an overflow of honey lias not been known within liilv
years past. ■'

I want to know what has ruined all our beautiful
honey .■- Besides smelling bad, it is bitter. It smells
like ragwee<l, and tastes like milk spoilt with rag-
weed. I have been trying for a long time to lind oiil
he plant but cannot- all alike as lar as 1 can learn in
this valley ot Ohio. I am a little fearful of this high
llavored honey and will take all the honey I can sn-i,
and teed lots of sugar. I want to know whether our
common shot bags may not make good fee<ling cloth.
It IS a kind ot duck, anil every store has them, I hav J
quite a number of them.

W. h\ Pattekson, Freestone, Ohio.
We are unable to advise in regard to the
bad tasting honey, but are inclined to think
the bees have the power of making many kinds
ot honey wholesome if they can have it in the
hive long enough where there is an abundance
of bees. Even the honey gathered from the
seed onions in the Eastern states, rank and
strong though it may be at rtrst, entirely loses
this onion flavor after it is sealed up, so it is
said ; and we know of nothing 1)etter to sug-
gest in your case, than to extract all the un-
sealed honey at the close of the sea.son. Shot
bags wou'd very likely answer for feeders;
you can quickly test them.

Deau Sir :-With this I send you a small sanwie of
Aitcr Iwneij. When lirst taken n-om the hives it i«
nearly as thin as water, or Oliver Twi.st's ."soup, vet if
it IS leU m the vial it will candy in ;i short time." We
are having a tine yiehl from it and beauliiul clear
weather lor the bees to gather it-nights Irosty but ii,
does not injure the bloom. If 1 had led mv bees du-
ring August as I ought to have done, I would have
gained largely by so doing. If I had the bees I uouM
iH't the hMiey. 1 will do better next year. I have giv-
en Mr. i,ong's toundations a trial and they are cer-
tainly a great help. Hike them better than those 1
made as they are thicker and easier to fasten into the
Iranies. Bees will build on loundalions latter than
they can on natural combs as more of them can get to
work at once. 1 e.xpect to try them in boxes next

Christian burg, \ a., Oct. 8th, '75.

The sample of honey sent we lind very pleas-
ant, and it is quite thick and of a rich" yellow
color. Such honey we feel sure Avill always
sell, and we are sure it will always pay to
feed bees in August when tjiey are not getting
anything, even if they should get nothing at
all 111 the fall. Friend Gardner's method of
sending samples of honey liy mail pleases us ;
a block of wood one inch square and about
three inches long, has a hole bored through it
lengthwise, and the vial of honey is wrapped
in paper and pushed tightly into this hole, ma-
king it secure from damage even if the block
were thrown across the room. Sending sam-
ples of honey by express is expensive business
as we have had reason to feel, but a two-cent
.stamp covers the cost as above, and if tough,
light wood— basswood, for instance— be u.sed|
there can be no possible chance of daubing
the mails with honay.

144

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

Nov--

Somo one wrote in Gleanin'GS that honey bees
worked on siiotluwers, I wrote you that it w;is a mis-
take, that ( had seen a kind of hoe satherin.ur pollen
ofl' sunflowers, bat never one." the real honey bee.
Yon wrote me a postal saying that bees (to work on
sunflowers. There were, say" 1<K) siinfiowers growing
witliin two yards to four rods of my door this year
anil I watched them every day while in blooin "and
never saw a honey bee on them. In 55 years that I
have keiJt Ijees I fiave never seen a real honey bee on
a sunflower. Another thing: 1 sometimes read in bee
pai^er.s, of bee-keepers watching their Queens coming
home from their flight, tliey tell us they have 5«en
the sign of impregnation, on tlie Queen. Now wliat
is that sign? I would like to knov/ I have both read
and lisard that in the act of copulation a jiart of the
<lrone remains attached to the cjueen ami that she
carries it away, and this is what the bee-keeper sees
and knows that all is right. [ know that a single
tViread of a sniiier will hold a bee till it dies, l)ut a
h.alf <lozen of spider's tlireads will not pull a drone
asuniler in tliat way. I have tried it and so may you.
"^'ou may tliereCoreput these two item« in your list of
Humbugs, they are so, at least to John Dawson.
Pontiac, Mich.. Oct. 4th, '75.

No, no, ffieiid Dawson, please don't think
oiiv friends have made false statements just
because you have not happened to see things
as they mention. There are many things in
nature as well a>^ in science that seem utterly
impossible, and even in your Bible you lind
many things that at first view might appear
glaring inconsistencies, yet is it not very un-
wise to say yon do not believe them ?

"Blue Eyes" wantfd a garden, — her papa
planted tjie seeds, explaining meanwhile that
They v/ould make trees that would grow "way
up high," higher than he could reach, and that
they would bear "great big posies," as big as a
dinner plate, etc. Now this garden with its
fence about it — pine sticks stuck in a circle-
was a source of much watching and many vis-
its, and when the great blossoms unfolded, our
bees were almost constantly at work on them ;
in vain did we try to have her put her tingers
on the yellow Italians as we did, "I 'fraid,"
was her reply.

Now we think Ave know why your bees do
not do thus ; if we had the autumn flowers
here that you have, we should think our bees
"idiots" to waste their time on sunflowers.

Have you not seen bees so busy during bass-
wood time that they would not touch a frame
of comb honey if left on the top of a hive all
day long?

Again : it is a very common thing for all who
rear man}^ Queens, to see them return with the
marks you mention. We see such more or
less every season. The appearance is much
like a Ijee that has lost its sting, except that
the white substance is mncli larger, and is so
white that the Queen is plainly conspicuous as
she flies in the air. It is important to know
this, as such a Queen may be introduced at
once where wanted. As the e3"e of man has
probably never witnessed this mysterious
meeting, we shall have to remain in ignorance
somewhat, perhaps. Did you never see the
seed pods of the touch-me-nots when they are
so ripe that they explode at the slightest
touch V Well, it is supposed that the drone
expires somewhat in the same wa.y, for we do
know that the mass of matter attached to the
Queen, is really a portion of the drone's body.

This has been the poorest season for Iioney (been
have done rail-road business swarmingl since 18(i8.
We commenced wilii tU colonies, increased to !)(!.
nearly all large, [we like such best for winter) and
have extracted .S200 lbs. of hone v, nearly all basswood,

and have about 490 lbs. in frames. We think the- lo)i(f
idea hives are most convenient, biTt we can see iia
difference between the amount of honsr stored in
them and the fcell idea hives. The host yieUT was tron^
our cM6e idea hives of which we hail T.wvtb 13 comb?--
17 inches square in eacb hive. Fronj the poorest one
we obtained lOS lbs., from the best one l(J-2; 11? ot it
liasswood, stored in 12 days, nsost stored by it in one
day, 17 Ite. Why they &h<'n?ld have done better than
the others we are unable to explairs, perhaps another
trial n>i^ht chnnge the result. J. H. Townlkv.

Tompkins, Mich., gei>t. 2&tto, '75.

Tlie largest sw.arm I ever had can-^e out last Friday.
Aug. '/Oth. Having no comb, I gave then? a sheet of
honey from upper story of parent hive, and seven
empty frames, bi ffve days they have aboiTt liall
filled the hive wtth comb. Last sj/riugl started with
four hives, two of wliicli were very weak, and now
have S strong colonies, and considerable box honey.
In the three years titat I have hail bees. I have had
lots of fine faacv projects tor hives, lK>xes. houses, etc.,
most of which I have found foolisli before I had ex-
Ijerimentetl on them much. Last si)ring'. 1 tiiousrht
I had discovered just the way to ensure straight,
combs. It was to run strings across the frames to be-
built in by the bees, to act as both guides and sup-
ports. I nre|>ared a few franfes l)y making awl holes
through the sides, tljrough which I wove cotton cord
backward and forward, and then snteared with wax
to make attractive. When I had mv lirst swarn> I pur
in a few of these, imd congratulated myself thinking I
had done a big thing to help them' on. I thought
difterently when I saw them day after daj-, afterwards,
tugging at the end of a line like a lot of sailors, trying
to get these hinderances out of their way. Dut hold
on, my letter is getting longer than their string-.

Jas. K. Dean, Fishkill, X. Y., Aug. '2(5th, "7."),

Many thanks, friend D., we do like to hear
of your failures, for even if we do not publish
them, we rarely forget them, and when tempt-
ed to try similar things, have the advantage-
of knowing what we uiay ex|>ect. Suppose
now you had patented this, or had advertiged
receipts for $1.00, or something' of the kind, —
and in fact, all the receipts we have ever seen
ottered for sale, are much of this nature, — ^hovv
would your patrons have felt after having
made such a test as you describe y

A. I. ROOT, I>ear Sir :— Last winter I was much an-
noyed by mice getting into my hives, and exjiect to bs?
the coming winter. To guard against it I constructed
"3/i^ metal iivmse-guurcV which"! enclose.

Geo. W. ilouNKU, Dubuyue, lu., Aug. :Jd, ^.'i.
FIG. 1. B no. -2.

iaarliT

B

A A

Let Fig. 1. represent the front, and Fig. 2.
the end view of this metal mouse guard. It
is all made of tin. B, is 4z^^ by 2 inches, and A.
^% by }.^. The o)ienings for the bees are cut
in the side of B., 5-16 b}"- %, and the points of
the teeth thus left, are folded at right angles
about ^^ of an inch, that they may l>e securely
soldered to the middle of A. To use it put A.
on the alighting board, and let B. come up-
tight against the front of the hive, the eiitr:inci'
blocks resting on and ng-aiust them, where
such are used. These guards can be made by
the quantitj' for about 1 cent eacli, and wlievt
mice avetroiMcsome, will well repay the expense.

I commenced this season with 40 stocks of bees-
increase up to basswood season •Ji>. From 44, I ex-
tracted three and one-half tons. From '2-2, 1 got 800
lbs. comb honey. Increased on buckwheat 28 s warms.
We Iiave had abig frost and no m.)re iioney. Wili
have to feed some.

D. J. Bakowki^l, Omro, Wis., Se]>t. liith, '7.').

I got one ton ol' honey froai 28 swarms, mostly 4 lb.
boxes. C. D. JoXES, Klrkwood, X. Y'., Oct. 5th, '7.').

ADVERTISERS' DEPARTMENT.

Wo will Fond (ii,K.vxixc:s—

With The Aiiu'iicim TU'c Journal (S2.00).

•• The r.i'c Ki'0)ii'r"s Magazine ( l.oO) .

" Tlu' Kcc AVorhl ( -J.OOl.

" All three. The Bee .Toiirnals of Ame

" Amevican AgvicuUiirist (Sl.(iO)

'• Prairie Farmer tS-.l'ii

" Kural New Yorker (J'-J.aO)

" Seientilie .Vineriean (S.'5.15)

" Fruit lleconler ami Cottage Gardener
[-i46oi't' rati'n include all Postage.

(Jl.W

.§•2.50
..'2.(10
..'l.'l')
. ..i.do
.$■2.10

..2.<;.'j
. ..!.(;.")

, . . 1.50

.$•2.00
..l.fiO
. .. .75

Books for Bee-Keepers.

SKNT iiostpaitl on reein])t ol' priee.
Lanjrstrolh on the Hive and Honey T.cc...

l^uinliy's Mysteries of Ilee Keeiiiiig

]{oe Keeper's Text Book, mnslin,

" " " " paper, 40

These are the best, but ai"e all far behind the times.

Good Books.

These, thoun:h not specially desiirned for Bee-
keepers, have !i teiulciicy to inculcate princi-
ples that ensure success in bee-keeping as well
as almost all other rural pursuits.

The lirst on the list should be in the hands
of every one who has planted grape vines to
shade the hives, as we have advised. !

Any of these books will be forwarded bj^ mail, posi-
priid'. on recei|)t of price.

Fnller's (irape Cnlturist Sl.r)0 |

Fuller's Small Fruit Culturist 1.50 j

Fuller's Strawberry Culturist l."20

Fuller's Forest Tree Culturist 1..50 j

Henderson's Gardeninjr for Trofit 1.50

Henderson's Practical Floriculture 1.50 -

Tim Bunker Pajiers 1.50

Ten Acres Enough 1.25

Koosevelt's Hve"Aci-es too Much 1.50

Art of Saw Filing (Holly) 75

AVinilow Gardening. . . .' 1.50

T^euchar's How to buiM Hot-Houses 1.50

Play and Profit in my Garden. Rev. K. P. Itoe..l.50

'.Varing's Draining lor Profit and Health 1..50

Onion Culture 20

Purdv's Small Fruit Instructor '25

-A.ID^VEI^TISE3S/a:E3SrTS.

Advertisements will be received at the rate often
<-ents iier line, Xonpariel space, each insertion, cash
In ailvance: and we require that every Advertiser
satisfies us of his responsibility and intention to do
all that he agrees, and that his" goods are really worth
the price asked for them.

.A^verill Ohemical Plaint.

THE OAV. 5' RELIABLE.
THE ,irO.S'7MU;ArTlFrL.
THE MOST E< < )N( >M1( AL.
THE 3/OSr 1)1 H ABLE.

Requires no oil tli inner or drier.
Requires no waste of time in mixing.
Has stooil cijili! i/cam' cri//ciAtnx
AVilh i/iarli/ iiin-eaxeil papuhiri/y
Ami i/e'irhi incrca.frd sales.
Is sold by the gallon only, in packages of from 1 to
40 gallons each, in Purest White ami any Color or
Tint desired.
A<ldrcss, for sample card of colors and price list,

Averill Olioniical Paint Co..
Office and Factory 1.12 & l.'U East River Street,

CLEVELAND. OHIO. C-(;-"G

Names of responsible i)arties will be Inserted in
either of the following departments, at a uniform
l>rice of 10c. each insertion, orSl.oo jxm- y<'ar.

il.OO QiieenN.

Knnics inserlrd hi. this department the first time
wifh<ntt ehurejc.

Those whose names api)ear below, agree to furnish
Italian Queens the coming season for f 1.00 <'acli. un-
der the following conditions: No guaranti-i- is to be.
assumecl (if p\uity, safe delivery or anv thing of th«
kiml, only that the <^)ueeu be; re.'ired from a clioice.
pure mother. Tliey al>c) agree to return the money at
anv time when cnstomer> l)ecome impatient of sucli
delay as may be \inavoiilable.

Bear in mind that he who sends the best Queens,
put u|) neatest ami most securelv. will probably re-
ceive the most orders. Special rates for warranted
and tested (im-ens, furnished on a|>plicaiiin\ to anv of
the parties. Names with *, use an Iminnted Queen
mother. It wanted by mail, send 10c. extra.
G. W. Dean, River Stvx. Medina Co., Ohio.
* J. Oatman & Co., Dundee, Ills. Mi

'■^Dr. .1. P. H. Brown, Augusta. Georuna. !)tf

*M. E. McMaster, Shelbyville, Missouri. 211

*Eli Coble, Cornersville. ^Marshall ( 'o., Tenn. 2tl

*E. W. Hale. Wirt C. H., West Va. (M!

*H. Nesbit, Cynthiana, Ky.

U It' © K ti'ii u f si <?■ 1 11 ip'.©'**S'»

Who agree to make such liives. and at the prices
named, as those descriljecl on our circular.
Wm. D. Zell. Lancaster, Pa. d-ll

H. Palmer, Hart, Oceana Co.. :Mich. 11-4

20 COLONIES ITALIAN BEES

strong in bees, and honey to last till spring, with a
'■(lollar" Queen raised from Imported mothers in etich
hive. Straight combs— frames 10x17 inches. Deliv-
ej'ed at express office in good order on ree't of price.
9-im H. NESBIT, Cynthiana, Ky.

1 lb. Round Jars per gross S5.50

3" " " " ' '• 7..50

Corks " " 75c. and l.(X>

]i Pt. Honev Tumblers, plain or ribbed, per doz.. 40

(5 doz. in a box. Packages 40

X Pt. Honey Tumblers, plair. or ribbed, per doz. . 50

(i doz. in a box. Packages 45

'i Pt. Honey Tumblers,"Tin Top, per doz t;5

t) doz. in a box. Packages 40

'J Pt. Honey Tumblers,' Tin Top. jier doz ?.'>

6 doz. in a box. Packages 45

Also Window Glass, Lamp Chimneys, and (Glass-
ware of all kinds. For sale bv B. L. P.VHENSTOGK,
late B. L. Fahenstock, Fortune & Co., Glass Manufac-
turers, 76 Wood St., Pittsburgh, Pa. lltf

"VINEYARD APIARY.

One Queen — ?.').fln^

Two Queens. . . O.Oo | Reared in full colonies.

Three •• ...12.00 )

Or sent in full coloni"s at S15.00 each. .Vddri-,.ss
JOSEPH 51. BROOKS, Box 130, Columbus, In.l. !)-8

FUiLIj STOCKS of as good yellow bees a? are
produced in anv country at Sl5.no each.
2p " J. M. M.VRVIN, St. Charles, Ills.

You cannot look over the back No's of Gle.VXINGS
or any otlier Periodical with satisfaction, unless they
are in some kind of a Binder. Who has not said —
"Dear nie what a bother — I must have last
month's Journal and it's hd where to lie founrl." Put
each No. in the Emerson Bimlvr as soon as it comes
and you can sit down happy, any time you wish tolin<l
any thing you may have jirbviously seen even though
it were months ago.

Binders lor (ii.ic.vxiNGS (will hold them for four
yeai-s) gilt lettered, free liy mail for 50, (id. ami 7.5c, ac-
cording to (juality. For tahle of |)rices of Binders for
anv Perioilical, "see Oct. No., Vol. 2. Send in your
enters. A. I. ROOT, Jfedina, O.

AD ViJJRTISE'ES' DEPAET3IENT.

MUTII'S ADVERTISEMENT.

hone;^ jars.

One pound (s(mare) J;ir.s, per crross, Sfi.50

Two •' '■' " " 8.50

<?no "■ " " Flint glass per gross.., -..9.00

Two " " " " "• " " 11.00

t^orks for 1 an<i 2 lb. jars 75

Tin Foil Caps, per gross ..1.20

J.^ibels, " " 75

A thonsaml labels address printed to order .i.OO

One Qt. fruit jars. Mason's patent, per gross 17.00

Labels for same, " " .65

A thousand labels address printed to order .4.25

lTncai)ynng Knives, as good as any, each .50

" "■ Iter doz 4.50

Alsikc Clover Seed, per bnsliel....... 15.00

" " " " peck 4.00

" " " *' pound 35

Straw Mats, Bee Veils etc., at reasonable rates.

For further iiartrculars. Address.
K.f CHA8. F. MUTH, Cincinnati, Ohio.

the: BKK-KEEPERS' MAOAZINE, an illus-
trated monthly journal of
,'J2 octavo pages, devoted
exclusively to Bee-Cul-
ture; edited by Albert J.
King, containing contri-
IViutions from Mrs. Ellen S.
Tupper and experienced
Bee-Keepers in America
und Ejjuoi'e. a large
space is devoted to begin-
ners, giving useful infor-
mation just when it is most needed throughout the
year. Terms |1.5i» jjer year. The Bee-Keepers'" Tcxt-
Book in German or EnrjUsh, and the Bee-Keepers'
Magazine 1 year Si. 70. A 64 page pamphlet (price 50c)
containing a beautiful life-like C'lirouio of Hoiiey>
Plants and Italian Bees in their natural colors,
with prize essay of IMrs. Tapper, Queen Rearing by
M. Quinby, instruction for beginners, etc., sent free
with the Magazine, on trial. 4 months for 50 cents.
Agents wanted— Cash commission and permanent
employment. Address,

KING & SEOCUM, 61 Hudson St., N. Y.

ITALIAN QUEENS bred from imported mothers—
a month earlier than in the North. Purity and
safe arrival guaranteed. .Mso full colonies of Italians
in Langstroth hives for sale at $15.00 per colony.
Address I>r. J. P. H. BROWN, Augusta, Ga.

^ llOf EY EXTRACTORST

Made Entirely of Metal.
]Xo "W^oocl .A^boixt Tlieiii-

Price SS.50 to SlO.OO. Circulars with .lirections for
use on application. A. I. HOOT, Medina, Ohio."

Price 15 cts. jier lb., in }i lb. sticks, or 3 lb. bricks.
Can be fed in any weather. A. I. ROOT, Medina, <).

IMPORTED BEES.
CHEAP.

Havnjg more liupoited Queens than we care Uy
winter, we will sell in October and November 2a large
nuclei with 4 frames c-f brood a;ml honey, with Im-
ported Queens, for tine low price of §12.00" eac-h.

Safe arrival guai-anteed.

Address CII. DADANTA SON,

Hamilton, Hancock Co., 111.

Rev. S. H. PLATT'S FAITH CL'RE of lameness of
years' standing, reported by tlie

THREE

MONTHS
FREE.

press as a '-recent miracle ,-'^ a co^n-
jflete statement by hiujseU', (if iiaires. bv
mail. 15 cents. S. HARRISON' .t CO.,
Brooklyn, N. Y. Also, UNION IN'
1 CHRIST, an illustrated paper, sent
THREE MONTHS FREE On trial ; (if) cts. a year, 2.5 cts. to-
Agents, Clergymen, or Reailing Roonis. Agenti wan-
ted, terms liberal. Send now. to
11 tf H. A. KING. 37 Park Row. N. Y.

THE FHAIHIE FARmEK

Was established in 18tl, and is now the leailing Agri-
cultural and Family .Journal in the West. It is devo-
ted to the interests of Agriculture, Horticulture, Stock
breeiling, the Apiary, Poultry, Household, etc.: it has-
also a literary and young folks' department and gives
full market repwts, news and topics of the day. It is
published weekly by the

I*raii'ie l^^'arnioi' C"oir»i>aiiy
at Cltica^o^ in a neat ijuarto form of eight large pa-
ges, and is handsomely illustrated from time to time,
with portraits of line stock, buildings, iraproved farm
machinery, etc.

The publishers' aim is to make it indispensable in
every household into which it finds its way. Speci-
hien copies will be sent to any address, free, subscrij)-
tion price is t2.15 i)er year, payable in advatice.

Liberal cash commissions allowed to agents, and t;>
those who vs.i\y associate together for subscription
piiri)oses.

OTTR Bee Journal of the Southern States. I.ssued
monthly at $3.00 per year. Sample co])ies free.

Address A. P. MOON & Co. Rome, Georgia.

EAcry Bec-Kf cper should
subscribe for this Mouthlj',
It is the oI(le»it ami best.

I scientific and practical
I Journal of Apiculture in
tlie World. The most sue-
I ce.ssful .and experienced
Apiarians in this c-ounlry
and Europe contribute to its liugt's. Todhs, ;}2.'K)
a vear in advance, ^in'in! a !«>(:sii9]t fsir a f^';un|ite
VAt^y. Address. THOMAS (r. NEWMAN.

I!i6 and l'.>8 South Clark Street, Chicago. Ills.

Onq Copy One Year 75 Cents, «n- with EitUograi>ii of A).iary, size PixlC, Mailcil l-iv.-. Postpaid, §1.00, or I.ithr.-

graph will be sent as .'i I'reminui for Two Subscribers at 75 cents each.

Any person obtaining Three Subscribers at 75 Cents each, may retain 25 Cents for tlieir troulile.

" " Five *' •' " " 75 "' "

'« u Xj,jj u a u 4. 2.50 " "

Any number .above Ten will be sent .at the rate of Fifty < Vnts oadi.

Names may be sent at any time, during the yeai', and whenevji- a club is reached, we will credit
liiick the amount pre\iously sent us in excess of the Clu)) Rati's. In this wav anv of tiic

Articles Mentioned on our PRICE LIST may be Secured as "PREr.IIUMS.

l'leas(! mention when nanu's ai-c intended for Clubs. An acknowlfilmncnt will be sent iu all cases
on riiceipt of iaone5--for any i)urpose whatever— by return mail. Volnnics 1, & II, ma\ be counted on
tlic same tcaans, as we have a •<"''^-

Large Supply of BACK LUMBERS Provided for new beginners \

As wo ''annot take tlu; siiacc in fulir.-i
isonlaiiis the entij't; Fundamental l'i'ni(-ii

nuinlicrs to go over the

Vi'ound again, and Volume. On,-

Oi'oixncl "Worls: lor JStai'ting' an ^^piai^'j^.

3 A ^ £7

Or how to Realize the Most Money with the Smallest Expenditure of Capital
and Labor in the Care of Bees, Rationally Considered.

l»X:i$T^If^I13:i> 3IO]VTIILY, AT 3II^JL>IIVA., OHIO,

Jl^ 'X^EJi,

l^©.!©'e).ija.ti 'C-'W'f 1S^0'®

In i/oe Prcpamtiori of this Jourind the foUoicincj are the PrincC^jau Periodicah Consulted :

^^a©3^^1©IliMi H''!©'®) (jr01il*3i;a;:l® Clarke, and M?-s. Tuppcr. .

Mmm W'OJ?'l:€'i) A. F. Moon & Co.

[Also liouml Volumes of the former since 1800. and File^ of all other Bee JournaU that have been

Pablisiwd ill America.']

C O IV T E TV T H s

Page.

V'ricnd Anna's Queens anil (Jueen cells 11.)

iCiilie Grimm outdone U.")

l.ona: hives :inrt Two story liive?^ 14'>

Selling Iteffiipts, Xcw uiodes. etc N'!

(^overinjr Hives with 8travv ll'i

Our En<rliv*h Cousins 1 f'l

Honey Dew l IT

Hives. Kn trances, etc I is

Our Own Aiiiary M^

15roc,<l Door Scc|ij! I !'•

I'niting lor winter l4-

t-'aution about Diviilini: ll't

tjneen Nursery lor nieiiinj; ( andicl lIoiiey..l4'.l

'•She will be here to-day'" Hi)

Wintei'ing ; l.'ii

■r^ .

,'i&^^?^'/i>.ii^A ^

V

Pane.

Shade for Hives I.'>1

Artillcial Comb l.'il ^ ,

A IJec-keeper's Daughter's one liivc 1.">1 P\

Honey Column .' l.".l *fii\V

How iar do Italians II y ? l.VJ

(iuides lor Uoxes ." l'-'

Wire cloth Division Upar.ls l."i:;

i;ee Neils 1^-1^"^

\\\vM llivc shall we use? 151 \'-^

Sii|ic;x(vlin,ir sood (Queens \?t\ J/^h

r.ni!'".insr combs outside the hives 15.5

Australia Mx>

How to prevent SwariMin,;^ without an Kxt'r.l.'j."

Honev N'inefcav

Do Toads eat r.jes

— — n-Mllfrr»-»»)"iE-— .r. LJ -v-i. ■ii.>.iiim kM«Mii JW JW WTJUB [

ADVERTISERS' DEPARTMENT.

ARTIFICIAL

HONEY COMB

A GBAND SUCCESS.

6 Inches (or less) wide, and 16 Inches (or less) long, Cells 1-16 Inch deep.

20 Cents per Poiiud pays tlie Postage, I will pay Freight on 10 Pouiad Orders..

DS/^oisTE^^" ivCTJsa? .A.cooivi:i=».A.isr^^ oi^idei^s.

.TOHI^ LO:iVGr5 «JS^ Hticlson i^ti-eet^ IV. "Y. Gity.

Dear Sir : Ainboy. Ills., Sept. 6th, '75.

The roiin<lation Combs vou sent me were rec'd
all right. I at once experimenter) with them. Ex-
tracted honey from one in three daj's after placing it
Jh the Jiives. They are just the thinj; so long needed
and (;an be used for almost every purpose and way
aljout the hive.

Signed, Yours truly, K. II. Mellejt.

Brookfield, N. H., Sept. lUh, '75.
erfectly satisfactory. Tliis lot I

Dear Skr:
The Cornbs are pe
put into 19 Langstroth frames and put in iipper and
lower stories both, between full combs iu various
hives. Some combs were wet with sweetened water,
some were not, it made no difference. Some of them
are fuU of honey cells lengthened out and partly
sealed. Signed, Yours resp'y, E. C. Neweli„

Dear Sir : Si. JolmsvUle, May ISih, '75.

In a hive that was about ready to need combs I
]nit a large frame containing half a dozen small ones,
small ones .'JxG sfjuare. in lialf of them I put pieces ol
Foundations, in the other half I put a guide of wax
across the top one-fourth inch in width. Bees have
<»nimonced on both alike; cells in Foundations half
aaiinch deep; some honey but no eggs yet. A great
many will want a small quantity at first. If I could
see you I think I could make some valuable augges-
tions. Yours, M. QuiNsr.

Dear Sir : Colerain, Masts., Aug. IGth, '75.

Mr. Lansrstroth sent me some days ago part of
sample of your Foundations which I placed in a colony
and fed them, (as the bees are getting no honey) I
would sav that we were well pleased with the way the
bees lensthened out the cells. Wm. W. Gary, Sr.

Dear Sir : Greenfield, J/as.?., Sept. ISfh, '75.

Those specimens of Comb Foundations were put,
as I informed -^'ou they would be, into the h.ands of oth-
ers for experiment, as 1 have no bees. Mr. Cary who
is an exv>ert showed me combs very beautifully fin-
ished from a Foundation.

Yours very truly, Ls L. LiANGSTKOTii.

Dear Sir : CJirisffansburcf. Va,

I am much pleased with the get un of those Foun-
dations, and know from expei-ience that they will an-
swer a good purpose. Kesp'y, J. K, Gardnek.

De.\r Sir:— My experience with your Foundations*
this year is but a repetition of last years'. I can only
say with Mrs. Tuiiper, '•^thcii are as perfect «.s can be."
I have noted the objections of Mr. Quinby, and as
proof positive of his error send you a complete comb,
filled and sealed.

Your friend, Aarox Fexxingtd.v.

Dear Sir: Monroe, X. Y., Sept.Ufh. '75.

Enclosed you will find P. O. order for $5., in return
)dease send me by express five pounds of your artificial
Comb Foundations. The onlv objection f have seen
made to these Foundations is that the centers will be
"thick and tough ;" this to me is a reeomnjendation,
and I thhik will enable me to ship honey in the comb
with more safetv, the combs being less brittle.

Respectfully, Thomas Sharron.

Dear Sir : Bcn-odino, JT. Y.. Sept. ISfh, '75,

Your card i.? at hand. Would say that owing to
the delay caused by the money not leaving this oflicc
I did not receive the Foundations imtil our honey har-
vest was all over. I filled six lioxes with them and in
seven days had them filled and capped over.

G. M. DooLiriLK.

CHINESE MUSTARD !
BEE-KEEPEKS ! try it.

IT GROWS almost any where, is not affected by se-
vere drouth or frost, blooms over 70 days, yields
<3normon.sly, and is as staple as wheat, sentpostpaid,
with directions, etc., 1 lb. ^1.15. Three lbs. and over,
by express, not prepaid, 6^1. .50 ])er lb., per oz. 15 cents,
package 5c. Also Black Blustard j)ostpaid 45c, oz. 10c.
Motherwort, oz. Sl.OU, pkg. 10c. Linden {Ului Ameri-
cana) iicr lb. 75c. Melilot (sweet clover) lb. '25c. All
warranted jnire and reliable.
Remit by P. O. ortler. Address

IVortli-AVcstei'ii ^Vi>iariaii «.>t Heocl
"Wai'eli oiisio,

WILTON, ROCK CO., WISCONSIN.

SES. 1876.

I AM now iirepared to fill orders for Italian Bees at
the following prices.

For pure Italian with tested Queen, fi-om Sl5. toS^'f.
per hive according to number purchased by each
customer.

For ten hives or more of good Italian stocks, each,
per hive SlO. All in gold coin.

Bees are in the California or Harbison hive. Thr
hives are made of the best material and workmanshi]),
and well jjaintcd.

The CJueens are .all of the present year's raising.
The combs arc all straight and are also mostly of the
present years make. In short, all are in as perfect
condition as can be found in any apiary in the Workl.

Send stamp for circular.

Terms cash.
Address J. S. HAKBSSON, P. O. Box 22,
•2iTi San Diego, California.

I3E-^OXEr) E^SlCL.TJSI^v^EL'S' TO BEES J^ISTJD liOnSTB^^

Vol. III.

DECEMBER 1, 1875.

No. XII.

FRIEND ANNA'S QDEENS AND
QUEEN CELLS.

E'' IIAVfc} noticed thiit ijuecn cells are often both en-
larfjed and lenfrthened after beinjc sealed over.
I Soniethinji: yon said a while since made me deter-
mine to sjieak to you of it, but I liave always Ibvgottca
it in writina:.

1 liave twice had icorkcr bees hatched ont of Queen
cells that were cageil, which may happen often. Mhen
colonies are so long about .netting a Queen. In the
last case some food was reraiiining in the cell, so that
a deficiency of food had nothing to do with it. Per-
jiaps you have notice<l that l)ees often seem busy doing
sujHfi/i/nf/ to a capped cpII. mayha]) murmuring some
charm over it the while. May not this proceeding ex-
ert some influence over the inmate ?

Last spring I had a colony swarm out under the
following circumstances: I removed their C^ueen and
gave them a capped cell ; some time after, I found them
swarming. While they still Idled the air, I examined
the hive to see if there was a cell which I had over-
looked. I found only tlie one cell, which had not
hatched, and as it was iiast the time, I cut it oi)en and
found within, the tiniest specimen of a bee imagina-
ble, but dead. The cell was astonishingly large, the
wails of it at least .'4 ol an incli thick. Why did they
immure her so strangely? Do you suppose they di-
vined that she was not a jjroiiev C^hieen, or became
imijatient at her long tarrying within and determined
that she should not emerge at all ?

I was just about to prepare a table similar to one
that came out recently in Glean in'gs, about the
length of time requisite to hatch Queens, etc., but the
longest and shortest time mentioned accorded exact-
ly with my own, so mine was not needed. I find this
year mv Queens are almost all much longer than usual
in hatching, and this without reference'to the weath-
er or strength of the colony. "My bees never would
behave like other bees." occurs to me constantly. I
have 44 or 45 Queens and not one of them over a "year
old. and only five or six even tliat old. With all kinds
of Queens it is the same, bought from A, B, and C,
raised at home, hatched in nursery, cage or open hive,
in big hive or little hive, wlien they get to be a year
old or over the\' are gone. But perhaps there is some
method in the" madness of my bees this year, for in
some cases I can see that the Queens, though so
young, had outlived their usefulness.

AxxA Saunders, Woodville, Miss., Aug. 30th, '75.

In our opinion, it was not a deticiencj' of
food, but because the larvae were too far ad-
vanced, that they produced a worker bee in-
s^'cad of a Queen. Sometimes a very small
cluster of bees will produce Queens that are
apparentl}- almost worker bees, and we have
had them all the way from a bona fide worker
cle.-ir up to a perfect Queen. Some specimens
would lay no eggs at all, others a fe^ dozen
drone eggs, others still a small cluster of work-
er brood, and from this up to three months
Queens, or those that lived a year only, while
perfect Queens live 3 or 4 years. Since wc
have practiced giving the bees nothing but
eggs, or at the farthest, larvaj so small as to
be .just visible to the eye, we have had no
trouble with short lived Queens ; other things,
such as plenty of bees, polien, honey, good
weather, and the like, of course being equal.
We have often seen the very large cells, and

rather opine that they build them for want of
something to do, for they sometimes Iwiild
them with nothing at all in, and most fre-
(|uently when they have neither brood nor
eggs ; just at a time in fact when we may ex-
pect fertile workers.

KATIE GKI.llJI 01 TDONE.

ViHAT A MISSOUKI.I.ADV CAN IM).

I'll bees liave not done well this season because
there was almost no honey to gather till late in
the season. With us the honey season closed on
theilth day of Sept. Mrs. Annie Larch extracted liV)
lbs. of hoiiey in one day (with Novice's extractor),
and says that she can extract 1,500. We comnieuce<l
the season with 75 colonies, took from our strongest
120 lbs., averaged 80 lbs. per hive and increased about
50 )ier cent. Our ])ure Italians again proved them-
selves far superior to the hybrids early in the season.
During the honey season we had none but pure bees
bred from our imported stock, and they are excellent
honey gatherers. We have used two story and double
width hives with Lr^ngstroth frames, they each pos-
sess some advantages; the amount of lioney taken
from each was about the same. We take only ex-
tracted honey. For box honey the brood chamber
should be just larse enough for the brood, and tiiat
will ilei^eud altogether tn the Queen, usually from o
to 10 Langstroth frames will be required, and some-
times as high as 15 frames in the brood cliamber. We
have found a great similarity in the Queens of each
stock. I once bred from one stock about a dozen
Queens, not one of which ever used more than four
frames for brood, while those breil from prolific
stocks were excellent, not one exceii'iou among the
whole, but the drones were from stocks equally good
(which is equally important).

I would give directions for safe wintering, but there
is hai'dly anvtliing left for me to add since i'rieud Bo-
lin's excellent article on wintering. If bee-keepers
will follow his directions their loss will be light if any.

Should thej- get too hot and uneasy it may be neces-
sary to air them at night to prevent "dysentery. Large
colonies want plentyof both upper and lower venti-
lation, while small stocks neeil but little upward ven-
tilation, and nucleuo hives none at at ail except at
the bolloni. K. C. L. LakCH.

P. S. — Always leave entrance of hive open.

Asfikmd, Boune Co., 22o., ScjJi. ISili. '75.

The above, by some means, got oat of .sight
in our absence when it was received, or it
would have appeared at tlw; proper tim-i.

We presume Mrs. L. had all the cuuibs bro't
her with the bees all brushed oif, which would
make a great dift'ereuce ; it may be that the ex-
tractor also had somethiug to do with such an
astonishing daj^'s work, and while wc are
about it perhaps we might as. well give the Dr.
some credit for the way in which he probably
lias his implements arranged for the work.
Will he please tell us more about it? We
well know that this may make a half I'ilTereiiee
or more. If we are going to be obliged to sell
our honey at 8 and 10 cents, we want every-
thing as handy as can be. We are very glad
indeed to receive further evidence that ai)0ut

UG

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

Dec.

the same ainomit of honey may be expected
from liives worked either spreatl out or piled
up two stories ; we perfectly agree that for box
lioaey the bees should have ouly so much
room as is really needed for the brood, that
they may be forced to use the boxes. The
house Apiary ofiers unusual facilities for this.
AVe also have remarked that when a poor
queeu ha.-, been re[)iaced with one reared from
her own brood, tin; daughter is little if any
better. At the present low price offered for
extracted honey it vk/// pay to feed it back, to
"be put in Mr. Long's foundations, and there-
fore we wish to know all about getting comb
honey before the time conies for making such
experiments.

SEI^LSNCi R1JCEIP'1>, NE^V ITIOUES AX®
I'ltOtJiSSES «Fl>0!.«i 'I'HIi^OS, ET€.

Tj^N the A. n. J. for Nov., we find that "Thous-
^ ands of swarms can be saved by Stautter's
New Mode of Wintering on 8umnicr Stands."
Price HSI.OO; money refunded, if not satisfacto-
ry. We sent the money, and the following
came to hand in due time :

MR. A. I. KOOT:— Yoius of the 4tli at hand with
Sl.i'U ei.rio.st'd. Ill reiily will tiescilbu tiie newiuclhod
(if Willi'. I iiiy bees on tlicir SHiimuv staiul.s, which has
txiveii entire satisluction to nij scil' lor llic past four
winters.

First; they should L:ivc a fertile queen, and be
Voii;i|i 11^ in t)ee?.

.-> -iiMil) ; should have not less than 15 to 18 lbs. of
;,'(.! II I caiiiRil lioney, and that as much above the elus'-
".cr <il' iiecs ;is jiosslble.

How to i;ut them u]) for winter. First get a 2 inch
iiianii, l»j leet in length, and broad enough to set the
5iives on. Lay it on bloclis about 8 Indies high, lean^
Ingalillh; I'orward. On this planli set your hives,
'one agMinst tiie other. It will hold about 10 swarnisi
-Niiw i;iko all llie surjilus lioney boxes out, leaving the
■;-iKiii- v'iii;:ty. ilore a liali-iiicli hole in the iiiidiio of
fiacj; .if ( ai'ii hive, loar or tive Inches Iniui tlie loji.
Insert tin tubes, of whicli 1 send you a correct pattein,
as ventilators. Close the entrances to Ja by I inch.

Insert one of tiiese tin lubes in the back of each liive,
get nice clean rye straw, tlireshed with tlie Hail, make
it a little diUTip,"'put the straw lirst, (entirely around
ihe row) against the hives ludy two inclies thick,
!iei:ding the tops of the straw over the hives as you
::o. Lay a plank on to]) to keep straw down. Get lour
,atii.-, ID'tcia long, to hold the straw lightly against tlie
hivus; tie liieni to;^ether ai ilie ends, two, at or near
the loot of the row of lilvps, one on each side, and two
near the lop. one on each side. Malie the laths liold
the straw tightly against the hives everywhere.
'8trong twine or a band of straw will hold the laths to-
■gether at the ends, hjee that the entrances and tubes
are not closed by straw.

In iliis condition your bees will not consume more
:lianhaifas much honey as if leit uniirotected, and
Will keep warm, dry and i eallhy, iiaving every oiipor-
i unity to tly out during th<; winter, if you wish to
i<!io\v liowyour bees are doing under the straw, just
interview tiieni by striking lightly on tlie bottom
board; ii you licar a (juick reply with a buzz all thro'
the hive, lliey are all rigid.

15. G, hTAiiFFEii, Bachmansvillc, Pa.

AVe have :i string of protests to make, to all
])artics concerned in this kind of work. The
process, if nently printed, v.'Ould have taken
only a snuill portion of a single page, in any of
our .Tounials, yet our friend has no scruples in
taking ij^t.OO "for it when badly 'tcriticn; an
amount that will pay for quite a treatise on al-
most any of the industries of the day. In-
structions for making wax fl[o^Yers were re-
cently advertised, and the whole return made
for the 50 cents was a small slip of i;aper, yet
a very pretty little book is to be iiad at our
book stores, on the subject, for the same jn'ice.
The i'.ict that these i^qoi')]c pdid largo sums for

this same information, is no excuse, more than
that we unv/ittingly paid genuine for count-
erfeit money, is an excuse for passing it. We
hope we may be excused for intimating that
no magazine should wrong its readers by re-
ceiving such advertisements, or at least, that
they should first examine the process and sec
if it is valuable ; and while they are about it,
ff it reaUy is good, why not give the man his
dollar, and publish the good news to thous-
ands at onceV If 3Ir Staufler's plan is all that
he claims, it would pay any Journal to buy it,
even if it cost hundreds, instead of one dollar,
and if it Is a fraud, no amount of money
should secure its insertion.

Mr. Stautter, we are not satisfied, and de-
mand the return of our money ; your plan is
not new, and the assertion that the bees will
eat but half as much honey, is false. Some-
times, when thus protected they winter well,
and again thej' die most disastrously, as you
are well aware, if you have read the Bee
Journals. The Quiuby hive and a great many
others, were designed for this very purpose,
but not one of them has, as yd, given anything
like such success, as placing the hives in good
cellars. The latter would keep a pail of wa-
ter from freezing, but of how much avail
would two inches of straw be, during a zero
freeze ? Thousands of colonies winter out-doors
without (lui/ pn-otection, but what docs it prove V

OIJK EXQE5SM COi:SlNS.

/p&N the 2.jth of Aug., we rec'd a pleasant
^^^ letter from John Hunter, Hon. Sec. of the
British Bee-Keepers' Association, and author
of "A Manual of Bee-Keeping," Eaton liise,
Eng. The letter also enclosed the money for
quite a bill of items. Extractor, etc., with the
following remarks :

I simply want these things to show at our Exiiibi-
tion, what you are doing in America. I believe you
are ahead of us here. If you are not in a position to
send tliem al once, do not send at ail.

Even had we deemed it advisable, we had
not time to fit up a nice machine, we therefore
hastily packed up and sent along such as we
happened to have on hand, thinking that avc
should at least give onl.v a fair sample of what
we ordinarily sell. In duo time came the fol-
lowing : .

Your extractor and contents reached me at the
Crystal Palace, about a quarter of an hour before the
sliow ojicned. I had jnst time to uniiaclc and put
things on the tables liefore the judges began. I marked
everytliing at your })rices, sinking tlie freight which
was 21s. As I lliouglit I would give any one an oppor-
tunity to buy the strange goods, nearly all were sold,
which must be gratifying to you. But I am sorry to
sav, the extrapior arrived willi tap broken, and some
thief at the Palace stole tlie loose laige wheel with
handle.

Your^xtvactor competed for the jiri/.e. but was
beaten by ii more compact macliine -vvliicli emjities
both side :i of com I) irillinut remoral. it was jrenei ally,
liowever, conceded lliat your movement was the best,
and 1 have no doulit tlie wlitcl was stolen as a pattern.
I w as so very busy lliat probably many persons cxar,;-
inr il tlie tilings more tlian 1 did". The metal corners I
thonglit very i(selul, liut the (..laccu cage 1 do not un-
derstiinil ; vlliv llie divisions z

We had several novel and valuable exhibits. An
especial one, a siin))le ajiiiaiatus by Aviiicb a child can
make and furnish to a dozcai frames, wax sheets em-
bossed or ))la!n, all iixeil in 10 n-.inutes ready for the
bees to go to work on ! Metal jilntcs, smelters ami
gua es will be all superseded liv tliis. which can be
sold tor half adolhir ! ' .John IlUNTKU.

Katou i;isr. lOaliiis, \V. Sept. '27tb., "75.

1875.

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

147

Extractors allowinu' tlie combs to be reversed
witliout removal, are by no means new ; but as
mucli ^irreater Inilk and complication arc need-
ed in their construction, they have so far as
we liave been able to learn, been considered
impracticable. If tJie implement mentioned
fills the frame witli a sheet of comb, it is truly
a marvel, and we shall doubtless soon hear
more from it. The end apartments in the cage
are to contain food for the occupants.

lu the report of Cri'stal Palace, in Bee-Keep-
ers Jldf/dzine for Oct., we read :

Immediatelj' followiiif^ the hives, api)caro(l the hon-
e.V extractors, ami the lirst that caught mv eye. was
"Novice's" well known S'lo. machine, which, the Hon-
orary Secretary informeil me, had been imported by
himseir on pni-pose for the show, and had only ar-
rived a quarter ol" an liour liel'oro the judfiing- com-
menced; the gearinjr of this machine was much ad-
mired, and pronounced by many, the best in the
show; indeed it was bo good that much to its owner's
chagrin, before the close of the show, some thief stole
it, doubtless as a ])attern.

All the other machines were of English make, and
to Mr. Cowan, who exliibited three of 'lisiinct pat-
terns, was awarded the ijrize for Xo. K!0, "The Rapid ;"
tliis machine is very compact, and although not so
easy going as Novice's, has the additional advantage
of permitting both sides of the comb to be emptied
witliout removal from the machine. This is accom-
plished by placing two combs in wire cases, hinged
at opposite corners, and which being set revolving,
empty one side ; the cases arc then turned back on
their liinges, which brings the other sides to the front,
when their contents are also slung out. The idea is
simple and ingenious, and I think the prize was fairly
deserved, .-^ome other good machines were also ex-
hibited, their general fault being clumsy in size and
expensive.

Although our friends across the water seem
to have bestowed an unusual amount of tho't
on the subject of implements for the apiary, as
is evinced by the line illustrations in the Brit-
ish Bee Journeil, vet for some reason or other '
we do not fiud any such encouraging reports,
of large yields per hive, as liU our Journals, j
and the most cheering part of it is that we |
liave these from almost every section of our |
United States. That they do not care for their j
bees as faithfully as we do, we cannot think for !
a moment, after reading their contributions,
and the only conclusion seems to be that they
lack the pasturage that we have; perhaps the
brnintiful yields that we get from our Linden
forests. Who can tell us'?

There are many points in our own country,
formerly supposed untit for bee-culture, yet we
are happy to notice every year, reports of suc-
cesses from localities that were supposed inca-
pable of furnishing great yields. And now it
begins to look as if there were no exceptions
to the rule that, honey will always be found
where there is sunicient energy and'intcUigeuce.

HOA'EV S>E\V.

lih I- K0<1T:-^As you solicit information in rc-
lH\- a sard to Honey i>ew, liaving had some exiieri-
^??— -:?? ence with jr. I comply with your recjuest;
begging leave to diifcr wiUi those who consider it
an animal iirodnction. Honey ilew accumulates in
this section of the country in Kieal abundance, form-

shades.

u . ., Ilency dew being the pro.liu-t of ;.ll phintF,
lidltest^'"^''^ "" " ''^''^^"c«-'» ihe darkest an. I

The most iirobable inference, is thai saccharine mal-
tcr IS gradually passing into Ihe almosi luiv' in a "a^-
eoiis state during the entire season of inflorcscnice
of (lowers and gradually becoincs allra<;lcd iow:ii.ls
certain jibiiits ami locMliiios. lo which it .•illinili/es.
where It condcu.-cs :,,id Tails <.n ccrt:un plants ll,: t,
have negative attraction. The abler of \h\< State
seems to jjossoss nioie than other plants, allhciiidi
.•I long the loot ol the mountains it lalls en all vet'ei''-
tionmoreor less; sometimes in such iirofii>ion a< t..

kill melon an.l i)uinpkin vines. ];ut it'is s"eii on iPr
alder bclure it lalls on (iilier plants in such almndar '■
as to run down (he limbs and body of the tree lo )l e
ground, and <hip olVthi' Ic.ives so as to cover the rock<
and ground benealh. In order to test ils (|iialilv two
ot us githered enough in I wo hours, by washing it oil'
he leaves, to make, alter it was boile.-f ilown two "al-
lons. ol thick syrup, which resembled maple syruo in
color and (lavor. " '

Since seeing articles attributing honey dew to an-
imal origin. I have made especial inicrosco)nc cvimi-
ination and for several weeKs there was no indication
ot aniinalcnla. but towards Ihe lalter i)art of (he sea-
son tribes lloating in the air liecame adhered to the
leaves, and a wood Imne similar to those infestin-r
garden vegetables, infested the under side of the
leaves. As yet I discover no metaniorphcsic condi-
tion ; il so 1 will report hereafter.

According to your Pa. corres)iondent. honev dew
could not be deposited from insects adhering to the
underside cf leaves, as the topmost leaves are as much
covered as those below. According to vital chemistrv,
saccharine matter is one of the constituents of food
and like other constituents, is generated by vegetal ive
action; the growth of vegetation combining the gas-
eous iiroperties of air with the mineral substan^-es of
earth, forming cellular substan4'es for the prodnctio"
and sustenance of animal life. Therefore it is no more
reasonable to suppose Ihe saccharine matter is pro-
duced by animals, than it would be to suppose starch,
glutin, librine and other elements are thus jiroduced.
Some plants have the power to generate almost ex<',hi-
sively saccharine matter, such as the maple, su^-ar
cane. etc. There seems a wise provision in this, as it
forms the entire food for a great variety of insects,
besides being a constituent of all food "tbr animals
and man.

I). N. Smith,' Sec/y of the Arrowhead Bee Co,
Arrowhead Hot ,Sjjrrngs, Suti Ticrnardino Co..

Ccd., Sept. nth. IS-;.-,.
When at friend Bolin's a few weeks ago we
were asked to tell the source of soine honey,
of which we were helped to a large slice in the
comb. It had a very sweet, ricli taste, some-
thing between lirown sugar and liquorice, but
perhaps smoother than either. To give it a
good test we ate of it quite freely, and for al-
most the first time in life, we felt a little un-
pleasant after eating honey. We were told
this was probably the apliide hone.v, or lioney
dew; it was gathered in June, .•ind iVIr. B. told
US the bees and aphides were both swarming
on the forest trees at this time.

lu the article above there are several jioints
that we can not help thinking are erroneous,
especially in regard to saccharine matter pass-
ing off into the air ill a gaseous state, but as
we are unable to give any other explanation,
and as our friend has really .:iathered the dew
in a considerable (piantity without aid from
the bees. Ire probably knows luore tibout it
than we do. It has neen sugu-ested that the
aphides swarm in the air in large numbers, as
mus(iuitoes do. perhaps so hiffh up as to be out

ingthe^main bulk of lioney gathered after the'drst of I of the rango of vision, And that they then ex-

Aug. Ihat collected from the abler is verv good; not
as light a color as the white sage, but nearly as good
flavor. >rom .strict observalion I am satisfied it accu-
mulates in the air, and has v.robablv some relation lo
the aroma of lloweis; l>eing cxjielled at the bnrsiing
ol the petals, an.l that which ac.'uniulates in Ihe re-
ceptacles of the llowers is what Ihe bees gather .iurin

ude the dew that has been secreted from the
vegetable niattef they have been feeding on.
This seems to us to be by far the most rational
explanation.
The terms positive and negative, in the sci-

lloi-ification ; <^ach plant generating a variety peculiar cnce of electricity, have a dellnite meaning, but;
loitselfa-stollavor and color; while llovvers produ- i when applied to iihints and animals at ]ar"-e
ens clear honey, and colored llower.. the darker I have to our mental vision a decided mlstinels!

148

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

Dec.

W.

HIVES, EXTRANCES, ETC,

pP|HE followiuii; was sent with no name ap-
ilj penilefi. As it ijives some valuable items

we publish it. and if the writer will send in his

name, we^Avill give proper credit.

PEAK NOVICE:— R. L. Joiner on pa.ce as, says:
"The two BtoiT principle is all right, Imt I want the
bottoms of my frames to be 'i from the bottom board,
iind the top of the liive to be ,*i inches above top of
frames for tiickina- (piilt, and when the upper story is
on I want onlv ,; inches between tiers of Irames. 1
can have all this witli an npper story made on pnr-
])Ose and cannot without."

Friend Joiner can have just what he want^ with
upi>er and lower stories alike. For exami)le : my
hives are for Gallu)) frames, the frames when in the
hive hans O-lfi from bottom, sides and top of hive— 5-16
space alt around. The hive is made 5-10 less than 12
indies deep and a tlange naik-d around tlie bottom
and 5-16 lower, making'the hive finally just 12 inches
deep, i'ou will perceive from this that one hive
))laced on toj) of another will have their tiers of frames
just 5-16 inches apart. These distances work very
nicelv with me, and on the same ])rinciplc any other
distaiicc can be secured. I made my flange of com-
mon lalh, but 1 think IK inch hoop iron would be very
nice. In nailing on llie llange i)Ut a str p of wood 5-16
inches under the hive on a )ierfectly true surface and
you can get a "dead lit" between hive and bottom
board. Frienrl Joiner says he could not be hired to
use a hive witli ;i movable bottom board. For my
part I want no other, but I too think liie Eangstroth
entrance ijlocks the best I oversaw, and should have
a dei'ided contem|)t for two inch auger holes. Only
vhink ol,;i big swarm hunying in and out in the height
of the honev season and "fairly tumbling over each
othei in their most eager ha?te. I must have an open-
ing to mv hives the full width and regulate it accord-
ing to scVison or circumstances. If 1 want an opening
t hrougli a wall 4 or more inches thick. I would make
it thus ; A, alighting board,
E, entrance, and W, wall.
>Siicli an entrance woulil be
as a portico, made any
•width required and regu-
lated like any other en-
trance. A

My notion of a house api-
ary is to have it hexagonal,
and liave the "large double
door' lacing nortli exact-
ly. It shoidd be H stories high and accomodate 45
liivcs. The uiiper story would be handy for storage if
not wanted for bees. Now will yoxi telTus what is the
use of a door step lOxli inches for a 2 inch anger hole ?

In your sui)pk'ment, ])age 2, you say, "To work nice-
ly the frames need about as much room to hang in the
exiracto-' r.s they do in the hive, and to do this there
seems to l)e no otlier way than to make the extractor
to til the hive it is intended for." My extractor is at
pre.-ont arranged foi- Gallup frames, but in a few min-
utes I can adapt it to the Am. or Standard, or any
frame >nndler l,han these. The frames hang in the
extractor as they liangin the hive. One (-f the bear-
ings is moval)!e and in a few minutes can be moved out-
Avard or inward to aecommodate any frame, as abtjve.

Do you think we will ever have a standard
frame 't Such may do for the good, staid people
of old "Faderlann"' but for' uneasy, restless, wide-
awake Yankees, ball ! "No y)ent up IJtica contracts
our jiowers," etc. For my o\vn part 1 want "some-
thing new every day" and I ]i:ao an idea Novice is
pretty much so.

The hoop iron idea will certainly answer the
purpose, and will also obviate the necessity of
beveling the lower edge of the dollar hives, Itjit
wo shall have to use bottom boards unlike tlte
covers. '•

We thought of such an entrance to our house
apiary, but discarded it as l)eingtoo expensive
and too cold in winter. The 2"i*ch holes are
very cheap, and can be filled with wooV'so as
to be almost as warm as a solid wall in ex-
treme weather. Could you have seen them
1ISC the broad door steps during a moderate
jield of lioney iu Sept., you would no longer
doubt their utility. They with their support-

E^

W

ing brackets are made very cheaply with a
buzz-saw.

"Would you advise one who uses a Gallup
frame, to constantly whirl the extra metal and
machinery required to contain a Standard
if he should never use tlie" latter ? "^'hy do
Doctors use a small gig, instead of a buggy for
twoV

"VVe agree Avith you in regard to Novice and
fear that unless he has strength of mind enougli
to get over a part of that unfortunate weak-
ness, he will remain a Novice for all time to
come.

OrK OWN APIARY.

OV. l.y^. — We reduced our i^ees to 90 colo-
I nies instead of 108, and concluded they
were pretty mucli all well supplied with win-
ter stores, but after trying them all on the
scales we were much disappointed in finding
that we dare risk very few of them indeed, es-
pecially since we have them so much more
populous than usual. There was no help for
it, and we dared not feed syrup at this late day,
so we gave them the candy bricks. By the
waj^ there is one very great thing in favor of
the candy which we have omitted to mention,
and that is, we can feed at any time and under
any circumstances witliout th« least fear of
robbing. Robbers will take the candy it is
true, but as it is too sIoay work to quarrel
about, you can open hives and put the candy
on top of the frames at your leisure ; if a rob-
ber can stand it to wait until he gets a load,
all right. It is our impression that this candy
will answer all purposes for stimulative feed-
ing iu the s]iring, and it can be given regard-
less of the weather.

We have united 18 colonies by simply lifting
bees, com))s and all into the hive desired, and
have yet to see a single Queen attacked, that
is Avhen done in cool weather. We have also
been agreeably surprised to And that Avhere
hives are no farther apart than as we have
them — G feet from centre to centre — any one
may be united with its neighbor and removed
at once wlieivthc bees are flying, for they will
all Iind the hive by hearing their comrades
call, and this so oomplctely, that not a single
bee Avill return to the old stand and be lost.
With some of our first trials we had much
trouble ; the bees that went back to their old
home every pleasant day, were allowed to clus-
ter on an empty comb and were then carried
to their comrades, but ' every night found
thaj^Jpack at the old spot, and liuall.y many
of tlKi died on their old stand. We wonder-
ed if there was no way by Avhich they could
be made to voluntarily take up with a new lo-
cation like a new swarm, or as did those men-
tioned on page ()2. Well, we did it in this way :
our sick hive had bees dying by>the hantlful
almost daily as usual, and despairing of ever
curing them, we finally killed the Queen, ho-
ping that bees raised "from a new Queen even
in the same hive would prove free from this
twitching malady. This Queen, by the way,
lias been unusually prolific, or the population
of the hive would have failed with such an
enormous draft on it, and as a consequence Ave
have been oliliged to supply them \\itli an un-
usual quantity of food. Well, after killing the

1S75,

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

149

Qucca we decided to unite the bees with a nu-
cleus in one end of the Staudiird liive, distant
about 10 i'eet, and for want of a ))ettor way,
slioolv all the l;ees oft" the eonabs in a heap be-
fore the entrance, removing tlie old hive en-
tirely. .Now altliougli another similar hive
stood much nearer, the bees on the wing gath-
ered at ouce to the Standard hive attracteil by
the loud humming of their companions, and
all went in as a new swarm. Although several
iine days have passed not a bee has gone back
to its former home ; for some strange and
unknown reason, they seem to have made a
unanimous agreement among themselves to
forget all old associations and adopt the new,
and several experiments since, result in the
same way ; after the weather gets cool in the
fall — it mat/ work at other seasons — shake the
Itees in front of any hive you wish them to en-
ter, take their old hive clear out of sight, and
the bewildered bees will then, in response to
the call of their comrades enter, and stay in the
new abode if it is near enough for them to hear
the call. One experiment succeeded perfectly
when they were moved as much as two rods.
We arc a little surprised to liud that not a sin-
gle Queen has been molested in these experi-
ments.

But is not all this uniting colonies that were
divided only a few weeks ago a great waste 91
both time and trouble? Franklj-, it is. About
iSept. 1st vre had a number of hives that> seemed
LOO small to contain the bees that hung on the
outside, but when the autumn yield opened,
these Avere just the ones that filled up nicely^
for ■winter and now are all that wc could desire
in bees ami stores, while similar ones that
were divided about that time have to be "tink-
.-red up" iu both bees and stores. It is true we
luid a few Queens to sell by running uj:) to 108
and then cuitlng down to 90; but it would have
been rnucli less labor to have built each colo-
ny up to full strength as we Avent along, i. e.,
taking a few bees and combs from each of
several hives.

]S'(fi\ 20th — Our bees are all housed and right
glad are we, for altiiough we tried this season
to take it all coolly and methodically and to
have no di-;igreeabie features connected there-
with, yet it turned out much as usual after all,
aid we are iirmly determined that if the house
apiary winters anything like as well as the
others, we will never more lug bees into the
iiuuse to winter.

Our bees are not all in the condition we
could wish after all. Those iu the house api-
ary have too few bees, all being new colonies
made late iu the season ; the others have ^^M--
ty of bees, but on tliis very account were fouud
sc) short of stores iu Oct. that we gave them
candy, and although they stored it in the
("jmbs at a very fair rate during warm weather,
v.'hen it became cool, the candy Avas talceu very
slowly, and AV'if have left them out full tAvo
Weeks later than Ave should have done, just to
let them finish their candy, and since they
fould not linish it,- avc put them aAvay candy
aud all, throwing a piece of old carpet over'
them so as to close all openings left by raising
the quilt enough to admit a couple of the can-
dy bricks. We shall 'give the candy a good
test at any i-ate; aud whife aa'C are about it we
have one more confession to inake. Wo had

part of a barrel of clover honey t'lnt was "too
thin," and to "<ix it" we put it into the queen
nursery Avhich has proved a capital thing for
melting candied honey. Well, it was evapora-
t( d down until it was very fair, but to get it
■c.i'trii, Ave put some more Avood in the sto\-e and
left it for the night, thinking of course the hot,
Avater Avails Avould prevent its burning. But
alas, they didn't, for in the morning it was not
only beautifully thick, but beautifully dark,
and had a queer taste. Noav A\-e do liato to
have things like this standing round, and al-
most before Ave thought, Ave fed it all — about
50 ll)s. — to a dozen strong- stocks, and even if it
Avas so thick, avc fear it will be the death of
them as it Avas fed so late. This isn't all either.
our confectioner made one lot of "dark" candy,
and a stock that had some of this seems to be
dying; if burnt candy Avill kill bees perhaps
we can make the experiment as Avell as anyone.

We are trying five hives in the open air : the
Quinby hive Avhich contains about the best
colony in the apiary, aud would Avinter Avell
Avitiiout their chaff or anything else; the
Standard hive, Avhich has two colonies in it ;
the one with the burnt candy, and Iavo more
fair stocks to test the advantage of a close hive
compared Avith an ojxju one. One of them is to
be tucked up snugly with a quilt, and the other
is be put on eight combs in the centre of a two
story L. hive Avith nothing over or around
them, except the cover to keep off rain. Both
are carefully Aveighed and neither have been
"tinkered" Avith late feeding. Double walls
and chaff aud straw packing have been so
much extolled, Ave Avish to try the opposite —
no protection at all.

If some plan AA-ere devised for couA'crting sug-
ar iuto candy cheaply, as avc stated in Prob. 1,
Ave noAV feel sure that i)ee-feeders of every de-
scriptiod AA'Ould forever go into oblivion. You
can feed at auy time, iu the middle of a sum-
mer's daj' — telling the robbers to load up at
their oavu pleasure — or iu midAviuter at mid-
night, Avith no fear of consequences of any kind.
If it coulu only be sold at the price of sugar,
what a boon it would be to our readers. See
if Ave do not manage it during 1870.

"SHE Wltil. BE MEi-SE TO-DAV I"

sf^'DITOR GLKANINGS:— Foi- the amusement of
jlrJii your readers, I cojjy a rhyming epistle just recM
> "v from a friend. It explains itself,— but 1 will add
that for months "our l)ees.'' tor one reason ami anoth-
er, had been my sole excuse for postponing a long
promised visit. Cvi:l.\. Iw.ssavik.

My eyes have Krown bij^,

Aiid my ears have grown long,
Watching iuid listening for you;

Every morninfr I say.

"She will be here to-day ! "
Eut the prophecy never comes true.

»

Then I think of your bees,

Jlound the dry, 'loali<.'>s trees.
And I think, as I fancy them humming,

Tliat the day may "be warm.

And tlic rascals will swarm.
Just enougir to prevent yoa from coming.

So, bereft of all hope.

I've sat down to nio))e.
Not a grin of good humor at hami :

Ari(\ wishing all bees

(More especially these.)
AV'erc feafe in tlie "far better land,"'

I Nov 2, '75.

Yolu-a crossly I ! M— - L .

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

Index to Advertisers.

v'\i>iar5"- K. VV. Poole. Sei)t.

A-i'tififiiil 0<>iiil>. l''i'ed Weiss, Apr. to Jul.v. |
Jolm Long ; Aug. to Dec.

lieos. J. S. Harliifcon. Nov. & Dec. Jos. M.
Jirooks; (Jet. to Dec J. M. Marvin; Se])t. to Dec. 11.
I'ahner; Oct. G. 11. Bvrus; Oct. S. A. Dvke; Oct. J.
Oatman & Co Aug-. Dr. J. P. H. Brown Jan. to Dee.
VV'm Harrison; fSept. James Heildon; Aug. C'has. F.
^[uth, Aug. J. S. Woodbburn; Feb. to Apr. M. tjiiin-
by; Feb. to June. Barn mn & Peyton; Mar. to July. T.
G. McGaw; April to June. E, C Blakeslee; June to
Nov. G. M. Dale, July to Aug. F. M. Boop; July. D.
L. Scott: Aug. Frank Benton; Jtily & Aug.

T6iiic5ov!-i. A. I. Boot; Jan. to Dec.

t'aiKJy lov l?ooK. A. 1. Root; Nov.

[Coil till lied on p(n/e !.t1]

Index to Volume III.

Apiarv, Our Own 1, 1:5, 25, .5U, 51, 01, 74, 88, 100, 11-2,

J 21. lyii, 118.

Apiary, Our Own, Dwindling down in (ifi

"" '• " Arranging VH

'■'■ <iallup's 131

'■' Bailway 19. 77

In October 125

" With Curtains 23

" "Wind breaks lor 57

House 131, 139

Onr 101,102,109,113

" '■ Another 106

" " Mr. Coe's 89

" *' Faulkner's 139

Air Castle, Onr Opposition 97

Australia 102, 155

Moth worms in 103

Automatic swarm catcher and hiver (57

Hivcr, patents, etc 79

Ants, What to do (?) lor tlrein K'6

.V sweet sight Ill

Bees anil cider 70

" Buying in the fall without combs 12o

" Can they be kept in a citv ? 11

" Care ol '. 128

'• Candy lor • • 137, i:^8, US

■' Do they ever get too mnch pollen ? 93

" Egj'piian, in their naiive land 77

•• Forcing as we do vegetables 92

•• (Irecnl'iouse for 2, 3

" How they behave in cold weather 27

•' Ho VV to tly in a room 32

" Hiving 118

" Italian, Irom a black <|iieen 119

" Killing bv cold 20

'• Boaling.." 110

Making colonies ot Ill

•• On sunllovvers 144

'• I'reuaring lor winter 133

•• Sick 115

" Taking on shares S3

'• Tran^jicrting with suspendetl Irames 82

■' Do toads eat them ? 15(1

" ^V"ater lor 21

" \Vh\- do Ihev kill their queens ? 21

•'"'■ ■■"Die? 27

■' " They cluster away I'rom their stores 59

'■ What are they wortii ? Ill

'• Working with in the night 102

'■ By lamplight 112

Bee culture. The other side ot 122

" Disease, Is there one ? 70

■' Charm, About the 90

'• Stings 13

■■ Veils 153

" Yard, Friend KcUogg's 01

" iveeiier-s daughter's one hive 151

■■ I'eeitei's. Sunflowers tor 9

"Boss let-dor. The" /. SO

Basswood, Starting a plantation 32

Buzz saws 31, St

Blasted iim)es. 99

Beginner's troubles, A !)3

Better localities 112

Bi'ood, Freezing 02

" Foul S5, 109

" Ensealed, immature, worker los, lis

Calil'ornia 20. 82, 8(;, 131, 131

" Honey resources of 7

" Honey 50, 73, (i5

(Janada, Wiutciing troubles in 85

Comb, Arliticial s, 151

■' Building outside the hive 155

'• Co>i of by feeding 49

Dror.e and worker 90

" Getting all worker H

" Worker, How to build juolitably f5

" Straight ' 33, 107

" Guides 140

" " Wax 57

" " For box honey , 107,152

" For new colonies 00

" Soiled, using, etc 81

" Space below in wintei* 132

" Foundations .53,00,129

Artiticial 107,113,114

" " For box lioney 130

Colonies, A ton of lioney from 8 Ill

8507 lbs from 44 49

" 15 from one 70

" 120 wintered and only one lost 50

" Wintering two in one hive 89

'• Small versus large 17

■■ tjiieenless for honey '22

" Combs for new ." Oi>

'• AVhen to begin uiaking 87

" Making of loaling bees Ill

Comb building and Tyndall 5

" Feeding to induce (>

" " Brown sugar for 129

Conventions, Lectures, etc 4

Chinese mustard 18

Catnip cultivation 19

Candy, for bees 137, 138, 148

Caves, for wintering 140

Covers, leakj* 04

Cellars, Out-door, for wintering lis

Cell, T wo or more eggs in 89, 93

" Queen, )>rotectors 90

" " How to save all 75

Dividing, Caution about 149

In Sept 140

Division boards, How best made 94

" ■• How to use 88

" " Wire cloth 153

Drones 98

'■Door yai-ds" for liives 81

Door steps, Broad 148

Fggs and Larva; by mail ,52

Kxtractors 57

Extracting candied honey lot;

By moonlight 120

Feeding 114

'■ To induce comb building 6

" Cost of combs by 43

'■ In cokl weather (i3

■■ Out door 120

" Meal 54

" ■' House or box for 71

■' Dry sugar 120

" Brown sugar 136..

'■ ■• For comb building 129

" Wliite ami yellow sugar 124

Feeders, Bee, sunflowers for.^ 9

'•The Boss"' 80

Frames 14

'■ Cold, wintering bees in 14

" '■ Keports from 33, 85

'• Comb honey in 50

" For comb libney, Harbison's 8

" . Dimensions of, etc 2S

" Deep 35

" Irregularity in 78

Without bottom bar 140

" Staples to keep at tixed distances 118

'■ Suspended, transporting bees in 82

Frame starter 141

Grimm, Katie and Maggie lU

'■ " Out-done 145

Gallup 91

Greenhouse for bees 2, 3

Glucose 0, 110

^M|v And grape sugar 73

G~over-thc-ground 90

Grass about hive.s 108

Honey Column 8, 31, 5(;, 80, Kui, 110, 128, 138, 151

., Blue thistle ' S

" (.Mover 90, 95

" Fire weed 1'2

'• I'oisonous laurel 17

■' Slotherwort for 20

" From the soft maple 09

" Spanish needle 80

" (Jalilnrnia 50, 65, 73

" San Diego mountain 7, 10

■ " Artiiicial 50

'■ Thiu and thick 128

" B; d tasting 143

" Candying of 34, SO

'■ ('andied, extractliig. ■'■ 100

" U(;.\v 108, 147

" And its adulleiations 127

f.sr«

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

Jlcney. Ailr.lliM-ition o[' 4, '.)^^, 7.'!

" Traciiii; ilii; soiivri' oi' 1-1

Method (H'tiL'curing- ^-^

QueoJiloss colonje.s tor --

SMu lb;4. li-cjn 44 <'oloiues -l!*

A ton liiMii H colonies HI

How 10 sell Ilt4,l-'r)

In May ■■••'if;

" On c'osmnission ll'>

How to bottle 7-^

•• ^iigar vs. Wj

" Tor winleiiny f*i

AVh y <loes it sodi' ;■* !'•'

Jill's, cleaning - -'114

In /'itJes 1-*'

Box, How to get -1

J )oolittle's way of getting '.i»

" f^iiijplicity hives lor '-b

" kalians tor li'i

<('omb guides lor '"7

" " " foundations lor i.}(J

Cowil), in frames .5(i

Harbison's frame lor '^

riaiUs ;-l'5

Kape as a 18,--

r When to sow "^

Boxes, section -•', i>^

Vinegar l-'J'J

Hives, About .• --''^

Quinby 14, 1-1, ■->:, l-2o

>ew .ilea 1^

" " " Home made, etc -^^

Harbison's • -'^•'

Standard, How to work f)*^

SimjiU'jity •'*^

Vs. old stjle.. .. , 84

" For Box iioney '''^

" " I(iew swarms in '••>5

" Covering with straw 11"

What siiall I use ? lo, 164

Long and two story 14*1

Double width !*4

" " \'s. two story 2i^

Eutr^inces, etc 14^

Double and single wall <j(j

Wall, etc 30,05

Half-inch vs. double wall '-J'.'

Upper stories -'0, !)5

^jhade lor 154

"Door yards" for f^4

Diseased, Our 148

Gfais about l^f*

J imnbugs and swindles 8, ;;i, bij, (it, 79, 1-8

Jlopes not "JJIasted" W

Heddon, Jas. Ut-ply to l"j!>

"Mklow to get along well •>4

llj! ) lortet I slock 114

Queens 4, ot;, .51, 55

J t alians for box honey Ili7

From a blaclc (iueen ll-'

" How far do they ily ? 15-

Italianize, WJien and how "to '-'J

J .. L. Langs trot h <ij

J.inden orchard; 98, loG

J .arva' by mail 52, HW, 105

Labels 'i-'i

;Matters, Variou: '20

Mats, .-^traw I's 107

•• .Making ■«

;\Iitclieirs "school teaching" 8

.Michigan vs. California l--j

yAIotlierwort for honey -0

j\!o;!i worms in Australia lOS

3! ice. What to do about them '•'4

" Guard, metal 144

jManure, Was tJte experiment a failure? 84

jSutes by the Way 123, lai, r27

<>i ijtuary Xotices *-,iW

Or.r English cousins 14<>

i'voblems, Concei'ning several 12

Xo 1 i:;7.138

" '2.5 Ans. to 5

1 'alen ts, etc 7'.»

] 'a tent hive men 8

I'leasant and unpleasant features, etc l''>

J'ollen i»8

•' From wistaria •5'''*

Theelm 70

" Coaldust and sawdust for 70

" Too much 107

" Substitutes '1:5

'■ Keeping it over winter .50

I'ropolis 1'24

C^>iieens <J5, 114, 1 15

Qucc:v-. Imported i, u(>, 51, 55

.Ivoliey's Jslaml «

" <jur Kui^blan i:j7

1 .arva- for, by mail 102, K^r*

Ucaring 7.5, 87

" Introducing 5, 51, Oi, 1:jV

Itoval jelly lor H

Just hatched iUl, IfJ, 11.5

Jnfeitile, selling 117

'• l^ajiiig, -iiveragi! lime required to get WJ,

" <jOod, buperscciing 154

" '.Vliy ilo oees liill ihein i 21

.Is it their fault ^ '■■■',

" TJuU cannot lly 114

That won't lay 115

" JS ursery, for molting candied honey l-li*

" Lamp nurserj ^T, '.d

" Cells, How to save all 75

" Anil Oueen ceds. Friend Annie's 145

(Jucrics, etc 114, 115

Quills - 01

'• Leaijher for .;«

Ueporls Encouraging '.d, 31, (.5, 08, 13!*

Keport from, •d-ialie Grimm" 7

Capt. Hetlierington 7

" " 1'. H. Elwood 7, l'.>

" L. C. Koot 27

'• Adam Grimm !•!•

Doolittle ll-l

" " Jiimts Bolin !•..'■

Jleply to James Heddon I.jV, 15i

lloobiug 10-

Sugar, Feeding, dry l-(-

Browu 130

" '• '■ J*'ur condj biJiloiiig 124'

" '• White and yellow 124

" Grape, and glucooe 7;-;

" Vs. Honey... U"

"• " " For winiering 85

Sunflowers. "•:

For bee-feeders '^

" Bees on 144

Swarming, Ariiticial w4, 87

out in spring 21

" How to prevent without an Extractor ..1.55

Swarms, Carrying It5

" Clustering together !)5

*' Device lor geaing tlown.... &a

Sawdust, for contracting entrances 2rs

For pollen 7o

Smoke, when to us« H'-i

Smoker, C^uinby 144

Selling rights 144

Jicceipis, new modes, etc 140

"Slic will be here to-day," \\i>

Tennessee and Uie migiatory i>lan 05

Tyndall and condj buiiulng ^5

Transicrring 7-

I'niting for \\ inur 148

Workers, lenilc !•' , V.f, l-O

^V inter, iirejiaring lor 135

>'our bees Jor 1."j''>

" I niting lor I88

W inter in j2 17, l.""

Bees in cold irauic- 14

" Two colonies in one iiive 8'''

" In boxes of straw 1"-"

" Indoor, Kemarks on -'<

" Out-door, Vrotection tor i;;.')', lo>~>

'• Sugar vs. I" all lioney for ^5

Tioubles in Canada 85

" A novel idea in, etc '■;•'

Walls, Hail-inch vs. double , -"

liouiiie ami single oi;

Wliat a lAdy can do 1 -•'

With car Bees ' ■"

Index to Correspondents.

Alan W. T. ;], 24; Atk!n.-(m AV. O. 5, II'.*,
120 ; Axtell Mf.^. J. W. 10, 21, lir) ; Apple T. 11.
;;J5 ; Aiulrcw.s T. P. ^2; Andrews W. J. \V.\, \'u'>
"Aiiuiteiir" i:!4, i:j.5; Admns W. A. 141.

Bardwell I). -1. 144; liriDtnall ,liio. 1S4;
Eureh II. A. 14, ."5. Kit*, 141 ; Becktell K. 8. 15,
20, 2!) ; Brown E. 20, i;'i2 ; Bair A. 22 ; Bolin.I.
25, ;j(), 50, Jnj, 125 ; Bas.'-.lord D. ;i3 ; I3rc>wii I).
L.'5;!; Bitchanan Rev. .T. II. 57 ; P.ence W. 57 ;
Benjamin J. I). 58; Ball G. 2 Apr. h^up. ; Bar-
nuin & Peyton (55, (!!), loO ; Bonton F. (ill, Bnr-
ti*; .1.7'^;; Ballard O. L. s;J, 111) ; IKi'.'lrid^e M.
M !)4; Barney M. J.. '.)o ; lintlcr J. IIG ; Bord-

GL£A5\INGS m BEE CULTURE.

Dze,

en A. 117, US; Baiul J. 118; Bills Mrs. ^.l A.
125 ; Bulei- 1). L. 12S ; "B." 12!) ; Bennett S. C.
t;]{); Butler Mrs. E. 141.

C;irpeuter Chas. 8, 85; Griddle J. II. 10;
Cook A. ,r. 23, .57, 128 ; Cox A. 5;l ; Camp J. W.
I).55; Case N. 59; Colborn R. J. 59 ; Carry
/H. E. 70, 107; Cary W. W. cover June no. ;
Cyrenias F. H. 85; Corbin G. K 91,92, lOG,
108, 120; Collins A. S. 03; Comfort W. 95;
Cobb J. B. 95; ColeB.S. 96, Sept. Sup, 115 ;
Carroll J. 103, 155; Coble E. 104, 115; "C" 107
CrabbJ. L. 116; Cox E.G. 120; "City Bee-
keeper" 121 ; Coe A. S. 131, 139; Crane J. E.
181 , Calvin R. A. 139.

Dadant. & Son -Tan. cover ; Daniel P 9 ; Da-
vis J. L. 11, 70, 151 ; Doolittle G. M. 20, 51, 68,
71, 76, 81, 95. 122, 123, 152 : Dullelcr J. 31, 93,
152; Dcdrick W. J. 32 ; Draper A. N. 36;
Dodds T. J. 53 ; Daniels I. E. (>0 ; Donahoe .1.
'J Apr. Suj). ; Dean G. W. 71, 104 ; Dawson J.
81, 144 ; Dean J. E. 144.

Elwood P. H. 7, 19. 65, 66 ■ English C. H. 9 ;
Estcy E. 55 : Elkrns II. S. 59; Ely J. 69; Ellis
L. S. 108 ; "E. C." 119 ; Elliott I. N. 132 ; Eddy
W. A. 137, 153; Edwards W. R. 139.

Foote G. F. 10, .55 ; Fotheriusham Rev. J. 20
Franks E. 24 ; Fletcher D. W. 57 ; Fuller E. 69
Fisher A. J. 107 : Fisher C. A. H. 140.

Gieseler Mrs. Katie, ?iee Katie Grimm 7, 82,
111; Grammer J., M. D. 17; Grimm A. 58,
96; Gouhl Mrs, A. L. 59 ; Gallup E. 91;
"Green Texiau" 93 ; Grimra G. 128; Grout W,
H. S. 128; Gold C. II. 131 ; Gardner I. R. 143.

Hudson 11. 1 ; Ilethcrinii-ton J. E. 7, 2 Apr.
Sup. , Harbison ,T. S. 7, 2 Apr. Sup., 119, 154;
HogncL. E. 11 ; lligold C. A. 11 ; Hart J. A.
12; IleddonJ. 17, 80,97, 110.128; Hitchcock
Dr. R. 20, 3<; ; Hcrvev D. G. 23 ; Hall D. 23, 131
Hetherington <). J. 31 ; Hawkins & Bro. 31,
130 ; Ilosmer J. W. 35 ; Huffman G. R. 30, l!5 ;
Hess A. N. 58; Horner G. W. cover May, 144;
Holt W. J. 84 ; Heater G. 93 : Ilirlinger W. L.
99 ; IIui)bard J. L. 109 ; Hoover A. .1. lO!) ;
Hough S. H 115, 153; Harrison Mrs. L. 115;
Hayhurst E. M. 118; Hunter J. 146.

Irwin J.H. 22.

Jones H. K. 23; .Joiner R. L. 28, 84. 98;
Jones Dr. W. H. P. 32, 81, 94 ; Joslin C. M. 33,
106 ; Jones D. A. 35, 67, 107 .June cover ; Jan-
seo Dr. J. M. 3 Apr. Sup., 69 ; Jones L. Z. lUi ;
Jones C. D. 144.

Kellog W M 6, 33,61, 3 July Sup; Kerii I) N
9, 23, 6 Apr Sup, 80, 108, 117, 155 ; Kirtland J
P18; KcphartN 22; Kelley L 23, 31, 141;
Keyes & Finn 55; Kretchraer E 4 Apr Sup;
KruschivC J D 73 ; Klum M S 76 ; Kccler J B
110 ; Kendall A C 110 ; Kepler D 118 ; Kimp-
ton E 129 ; Kenned V G W 131 ; Kiser J J 141 ;
Kelley Aaues and Mattie 142.

Libby H 9, 35. 142 ; Lewis W F 21 ; Lnnt
WS 22, 31; Lane D P 34, 84,105, 106, 118;
Lunderer B 52, 136 ; Larkius C 57 ; liangs troth
Rev L L 1 AnrSup, 63,67,78,79, 95;'Latncr
P 4 Apr Sup ; Lewis J N 08, 70 ; I^indsey B F
70; Larch EC 81,145; Legg L 81 ; Laffertv
J F 105 ; Lottman A 108 ; 'Long J Sei^t Sup";
Lindley J W 13i ; Linswik Nellie 140 ; Linswik
Cyula 149 ; Lake J 15(; ; Loehr M E 154.

Michener Ha :J, 32, 33,86; Mc?Jasters ]\I E
5, 20, 80, 128 ; Miller C C 9 ; McBride V i), 11 ,
24, 108, 118 ; ^JcLay J 9. 70; Mickler .l\Irs E M
16 24; Muth (J F 19, 3l', 57, 73,104 ; Milster M
H20; McCalliouu D C32; MolWn RH 32,

cover May, 131 ; Miller G C 34. 95, 12:) ; Mont-
gomery J F 34, 95 ; Miner II W 35 ; McFat •
ridge & Son P W 49, 58, cover June, 77 ; McE!
rath J C 58 ; McCormicIc C 00 ; McGaw T G
4 Apr Sup, 107,107, 132 ; McMains A 4 Ai>r
Sup, July Sup, 131 ; Mnrary A J 4 Apr Sup, 110
McLean S D 4 Apr Sup, 106 • Mann Miss A C
6 Apr Sup ; Martin J 11 71, 156; Matto-n J 76 ;
McDowell J H 81 ; :Muth-Rathraussen AV 82,
108 ; Murphv R R 82 ; .Alerriaui G F 86 ; Moore
WP94; MoltzTM9G; Moore J F 109, 139 ;
Mover P115, 137, 140 ; Mumma S 117; Moore
E W 119 ; Mack F I 119 ; M H C 10 ; McDou-
gal W J 120.

Nash F G 12 ; Nevins M 19 ; Nellis J H 27,
3:2 ; Norton AV G 69 ; Newell E C 70, 94 ; New-
man S F 95 ; Noble J S 139.

Ogden D H 33, 57 ; Gatman & Co J 50, 52,
65, 60; Oney Dr. J II 105, 106, 117; "Occasion
ally" 115, 130; Oliver C 130. ,

Potter A. 11 ; - Parker L. D. 15 ; Parratt (v.
20; Phillippi P. 20, 131; Peden H. 22, 33.;
Parse M. 24, 32, 59, 82 ; Payne Wm 31, 104,- 1.56
Parker O. W. 31 ; Parker T B 36, 59, 143 ; Pon-
tious A 55 ; Pierson T 5!i ; Palmer D D •> Apr
Sup 84, 151 ; Parmelee E cover May ; Prentice
N E 69, 70 ; Potter C E 69, 74 ; Porter J W 93„
97 ; Pairaer H 96 ; Patterson W F 143 ; Perry
G;W 153; Prudden N A 156 ; Patterson D 1.55
Page W H 152.

Quinby M. 14, 24, 27, 35; Quale H. 60, 84.

Ronald W. J. 11 ; Riebsman E. 12 ; Rowell
Mrs. S. 13, 118 ; Rollen J. 20 : Raub L. M. 21 ;
Rue Chas. H. 22; Root L. C. 27, 70; Ramsey J.
B. 33 ; Root W. H. 35 ; Root A. H. 55 ; Robeit^^
W. 83 ; Rapp J. B. 92 ; Roop H. M. 93, 1«) ;
Rice A. A. 104.

Stair & Co. B. H. 2, 151; Smith J. T. 11 ,
Stanhope E. 11, 82, 83; Senior W. 20, 107 ■,
Saunders Annie, Feb. cover, 21, 3.5', 81, 145;
Steed A. M. 23 ; Stone B. 24 ; Standefer AV. F.
24, 5 April Sup., July Sup. ; Southworth J. R.
Feb. cover; Smith th. 29; SchoU J. 31, 132;..<
Scheerer John 31 ; Scott J. 32 ; Smith AV. G. 35.
116; Sager J. A. 59 ; Sedgwick AV. H. 5 and (!■
Apr. Sup., 107; Shedd L.^N. 76; Snyder J. 1.
81 ; Stehle R. 83; Staby A\". 84; Shane AV. H.
104; Sheldon E. A. 106, 118; Shattuck E. E.
115, 119 ; Shepard AV. L. 118 ; Slough C. F. 132 ;
Smith J. A. 139; StauUer A. F. 140; Staurtei
B. G. 146 ; Smith D. N. 147.

Thompson Geo. 3, 5 ; Troyer AA'm. 5 Apr. Sup.
'.), 83, 132; Temple J. F. March cover, 35; Ten-
ant AV. H. 32; Tweed M. H. 55; Taylor AV. P.
94 ; Thompson J. N. 99 ; Talbot B. I. 106 ; Tav-
lor J. M. C. 114; Townlev J. H. 133, 138,
144; Townsend O. H. 138 ; Thomson R. 154.

L'mplcby J. H. 22.

Viallou Paul 6, 119, 156; Wm Riton J. 2!?,
5 April Sup.

AVilliams S. 11 ; Wursten C. 12; AVolfendeii
J. L. 31, 130, 155 ; Ward T. J. 32 ; AVaite T. L.
33; AVilkins C. 35; AVilliams A. T. 55 ; AVan-
AV. S. 55 ; Wilson W. 57 ; AVhite F. C. 58 ; AVhit-
son J. J. 59, 154; AVellington Ed. 60; Winheld
J. 60; Ware AV. H. 80; Wood burn J. S. 83;
AA^dhnan C. S. 84; AVilliams A. S. 84; Wil-
liams J. 104; A. L. AV. 106; AVilson S. Sept.
Sup. ; AVright W. D. 119, 138; AVhite J. AV. 128 ;
AVhiting L. C. 12S; AVilliams Hannah AV. 139 ;
AVilkin R. 140 ; AVard T. D. 153.

Yoder C. J. 105.

ZoH AV. D. 70, 7i ; Zimincruiau E. A. 128.

OUR HOMES.

1

Ot It HOITIES.

r.Y A. I. HOOT.
TNTUODITCTOUY.

This will look a little bit eccentric, dear
friends, I fear, and lor fear you may thinlc I
.im setting out of my proper domain, or that I
am going to trespass on your good nature
with some of my new notions, I shall make
haste to assure you that this and the next leaf
are not really a part of GiiE.VNiNGs ; they are
thrown in as it were — do not cost you any-
thing, and very likely will not be worth any-
thing, at any rate you are to be judge and
jury. May I ask yon, in any event to please
be lenient? The work will cost me considera-
ble time as well as money, and — now really I
don't know whether to say I am fortunate or
unfortunate, in having little to spare of either.
Do you not sometimes think it a misfortune
for a person to have been born wealthy?
Have not the great majority of our really use-
ful people of either sex, had their powders de-
veloped by stern necessity 2 Now perhaps I
can get started l^est by telling what I intend
trying to do in a sort of

TREFACE.

During Mi'. Langstroth's visit last spring,
we had as you know, many very long talks ;
and he was in the habit of pretty severely
criticising some of my work about the Apiary,
perhaps to draw out my reasons, etc., and at
one time he asked me if I thought the bees
would gather any more honey for having their
hives arranged hexagonally, in the form of the
cells of the honey combs, etc. Of course I re-
plied that I did not, and then I tried to ex-
plain how I had studied to arrange it all to
save the time of the apiarist, that when we
began to count our hives by the hundred, every
unnecessary motion was a decided expense,
and that in the present age, time, as well as
hone}/, was money and that it was as good
economy to endeavor to save the one, as the
other. To illustrate, I sjjoke of the way in
which many homes were arranged, how the
patient house-keeper was often obliged to go
several rods in one direction for fuel, and per-
haps nearly as tar in another for water, very
likely lifting both up inconvenient steps, hav-
ing unhandy cellars, pantries, etc., etc., and
so on without end. "Now," said I to Mr. L.,
"ought we not to be very careful, that we who
have taken upon oui'seJvcs the responsibility

of teachers, .set a good example before our pu-
pils, and try not to fall into the errors men-
tioned above, in the arrangement of our Apia-
ries, honey houses, etc.?" — I wish I could re-
peat exactly his reply ; it was to the efl'ect,
that he who should revolutionize the kitchens,
pantries, cellars, woodpiles, wells, etc., etc. of
our land, and in short make it a study toshor'-
en, simplify and classify woman's work, would
be more of a benefiictor to our nation than —
than — well, really, I cannot remember what he
did say, but at all events he wound up by de-
claring that your humble servant was ecjual
to, at least making an attempt in that direct-
ion. The result is, that here he sits — with a
Type-writer and lots of blank paper — lots of
good will toward you all, health and energy,
but with far too little general knowledge of
humanity, and perhaps a lack of discretion in
properly directing what little he has. Do you
remeoiVjer our text of last month in I'egard to
what is said about being faithful with the few
talents that God has given us V

CHAPTER I.

"Be it ever so humble, there's no place like home."'

F I should ask you if you knew of homes

1

that were not pleasant, you would doubt-
less say you did, that you knew of many, and
should I further ask why they were so, you
would perhaps proceed to detail very volubly
just how so and so do not do as they should.
This may be all very well, if in detailing the
circumstances we see their errors in^ way that
will enable us to avoid falling into the same,
or similar ones. Is your home a happy one?
Is it so pleasant that you prefer to spend an
evening there to any other place ? Of course
I do not know to whom I am talking, nor of
the varied circumstances by which you arc;
surrounded, yet I feel that there is a broad
field fur earnest work, in almost every house-
hold. Now before I go farther, I really feel
that I must go over at length, in fact at con-
siderable length, a subject that may be consid-
ered impertinent or perhaps intrusive, by some
of our readers. If we were going to build a
honey house we should first need a good found-
ation, and as many barrels of honey are very
heavy, we should need an extremely gooil
foundation. It is just so with our homes ; a
nice pump right in the kitchen close by the
stove, would lie a iiretty "heavy" expense, and
to advise everybody to get one, — if I were so
fortunate as to' secure attention,— might make
a domestic "jar," or at least result in a down-
right refusal to entertain any proposal result-
ing in any such extravagance, whereas my
real purpose is to consider how the expenses
of this model home may be lessened, and not
increased. The iirincipal idea is to get every
member of the household to helii, to enlist
their hearty co-operation, not only the children
— clear down to the baby, but in a certain way
the cat and dog also, and in short every bit of
animated nature about the premises. I am not

3

OUR HOMES.

Nov.

speakinu; of imaiiinary things, I assure you,
for there i.s one home that I have I'ecently vis-
ited, from whicli I shall have to draw largely,
before I get through, and I earnestly hope I
may be able to show you the spirit of it, if
nothing more. When I say that the tirst stone
of tlie foundation of all our work is to be the
most perfect good nature on all sides, many of
you may say that your homes possess it al-
ready, because you never liave any downright
([uarrels. This is all very good, but is not sutfl-
cient for the foundation wc want. To illustrate:

I passed a couple of days in a very pleasant
family, recently, and had been talking on this
same point. Husband, wife, and four pretty,
well behaved children, seemed to constitute
almost a model household. Well, on Sabbath
afternoon, I — it may be (oo earnestly — urged
that we should attend a Bible class, in charge
of a lady wiio was tloing a great work of re-
formation in their town. The husband kindly
offered to stay and take charge of their four
months old little one, and the consequence
was that almost before we knew it, two hours
liad passed. As we neared their home, our ani-
mated talk in regard to what we had witness-
ed, was interrupted by cries of the ])aby
Avhich evidently touched the mother's heart at
once.

"Why my dear husl)and I how long has baby
been ci'ying in this way?"

"She commenced shortly after you left."

"And you have allowed her to cry all this
time 'r"

"How could I help it? I did everything I
could think of; didn't expect you would stay
so TCi'y long."

"I declare ! this is always just the way if I
go out and leave you with the baby."

That was all; it was only a very little thing
but both looked pained and unhappj'. This
wore off after a time, and both were as pleas-
ant as usual ; perfectly right, perhaps you will
say, such Utile things are not worth taking up
and noticing again, but 1 cannot feel that it is
right. It seems to me that husbands and
wives — I wouhl like to say, or anybody else,
but they don't care so much for each other,
and are not so easily touched, — should never
speak to each other in this way, or at least if
they do, the.y should acknowledge their error
as soon as their stubborn natures will come
'into subjection. Ifyuu are tempted to think
this all trifling, remember wh(i it is that has
said, "he that ruleth himself is greater than he
that taketh a city." In the evening before
retiring I ventured to suggest that the speech
was hardly a kind one, and I recalled it to
mind.

"But it is the truth ; it is just the way when
I leave him with the baby!"

Every time I repeat the little circumstance
in the i)resence of nxjtliers, they seem with
one accord to agree that she was nearl.y if not
quite, justified in speaking as she did. Now
perhaps I had better take care that I do not
become dictatorial, or get into argument, for
argument so often results only in strengthen-
ing both parties in error, that I earnestly hope
I may avoid it. I also would avoid any lin-
gering disposition to excuse my own sex.
♦ Iranting that he had been very h(;artless in
allowing the baby to cry nearly two hours.

Avhat was the very best thing to do tinder the
circumstances V or rather, what is best to do
under all circumstances where we are likely
to feel the least disposition to tell people
wherein they have been wrong while we have
been right, and to go even further, any disi)o-
sition to complain of anybody or anything in
a fretful, faultfinding waj', irhdteve)- the prov-
ocation may have been V Is it not possible to
have such perfect command over ourselves
that instead of feeling the slightest disposition
to retaliate, we can coolly consider how best
any bad matter may be remedied, and at the
same time make the author of the mischief a
better man or woman, as the case may be V A
great part of the world prides itself on remem-
bering a favor, and on being fair and liberal
with those who have shown a similar spirit,
but in our model household we wish each
member to emphaiically bear in mind the glo- ,
rious doctrine of returning good for evil, and
that a blessijig follows from applying it, in
the most trivial actions as well as the greater
affairs of life. In regard to the baljy I would
suggest that as soon as the state of aft'airs was
seen, the mother should at once assume all the
blame, if any blame there was, and mildly
apologise to the troubled husband for her pro-
tracted stay; this v,'ould have at once brought
out his better self, even Iiad he performed his
duties indifferently; and by the way, in no
manner can a parent so well show that he "ru-
leth himself," as by being at all times ready to
take all the blame of any misunderstanding.
Show that your shoulders are broad, and that
you can bear to be blamed for that which you
fiave not done, and above all things, do not
fall into the cowardlj' habit of arguing over
"whose fault it was," in the little things that
«i7^ continually go wrong. Careful investiga-
tion of the case in (juestion revealed the fact
that the tube of the baby's nursing-bottle was
of an inferior quality of rubber, and had be-
come so softened liy the milk- as to cause the
sides to adhere together, and so the "precious
little darling" had perha])s tugged away at it
until long after forbearance had ceasetl to be a
virtue, and then it had simply vented its right-
eous indignation toward all modern innova-
tions of whatever nature, that stood in the
way of supplying even such a little speck of
humanity with its needful nourishment. Its
pai)a doul)tless after having "interviewed" all
the machinery to the best of his inexperienced
judgment, concluded that it must be crying
simply to have its mamma come home, a feel-
ing in which he probably heartily joined at the
time, and so both waited in — guess we'll say
wipdtience , while the "long minutes" slowly
dragged by. Had the makers of these rubber
goocls been faithful in little things, all this
might I'.ave ])een avoided, and I confess we all
intlulged in some rather severe censures on the
way things were made "only to sell," but in
thinking of it since, I fear we did not do our
duty. Manufacturers, jobbers, retailers, and
business men generally, are fellow creatures,
and an- probably just as good, and just as con-
scientious as we are. Ask yourself if — when
j'oii are inclined to censure some one— you
would do any better if you were in the same
lousiness or jjlace. If you say you would, we
must take it for granted that you are better

IS75.

OUR HOMES.

than people in liencral, ami tlic conclusion is
«liat we are all better than our neighbors.
Ought we not to eoncliule that we are all only
n fair average V 1 think it will be a much safer
■loundation for our work. After having had
<-onsideral)le experience in business with the
jewelers of our land, — the trickiest set of men
m the world, some may sat, — I feel no hesita-
tion in saying that our business men as a gen-
oral thing, are verj' glad indeed to Ix' told the
.faults of their wares, if it is onl^- done in the
j)roper spirit, especially those who have done
a long and successful business. A per^-ou said
to me a few days ago, in si)eaking of a brother
in the church who is a. jeweler,

"I will never enter his st(jre again, he cheat-
oil me so abominably."

•'Please don't say that, friend H., I really
hope Mr. S. is a good christian, like yourself.
J^lease tell me about it."
"Whj' he sold me these studs for solid gold."
"Well, are they not? they look nice."
"Oh yes : they wear bright, but see how they
have blackened my linen shirt bosom."

The button holes were too large, and in slip-
liing about they had marked the linen as witix
i\ lead pencil, and it was not until I had ex-
plained that even a gold coin would do the
.same, that I succeeded in convincing him that
j\lr. 8. w'as honest, and even then he said he
had become prejudiced against them and did
not want to keep them. Is it not a sure indi-
cation that we are wrong whenever we, under
anj' circumstances, feel like saying that we
iiever want anything more to do with a fellow
being y I feel ver^' sure that the kindest tiling
you can do is to tell the dealer pleasantly just
■wherein his wares have disappointed his cus-
tomers ; he in turn can then tell the jobber in
the same pleasant way where the mistakes are,
and the jobber can talk over the matter Avith
the manufacturer. Jobbers and manufactur-
ers, and to a certain extent, dealers, seem to
have discovered this great fundamental truth,
and I have frequently know'n of their taking
})ack damaged goods and smothering their in-
<lignation, in a way that was decidedly return-
ing good lor evil, even if the inspiring motive
was only to avoid losing one, who was ordina-
ril}^ a good customer. The consumer is really
tht one to decide how goods are to be made,
.and also has very much to say in regard to
what prices shall be asked, but the whole mat-
ter can be, aye, and shonUl be, conducted in
tlie most friendly manner. Do not for an in-
stant think of crowding your grocer or dry
goods man "into a corner," for unless he is a
jnuch better Christian than yourself, he will
surelj- retaliate, and then instead of having a
friend to deal Avith you have in one sense an
enemy. As quarrels are contagious in a neigh-
borhood, so is peace making, and one peace
maker may by force of example do more good
in a coinmunitj' perhaps, than even the minis-
ter who occupies the pulpit on the Sabbath.
Not that I would speak lightly of our sermons,
but that they have been heard so often ; many
times actions will set people to thinking when
talking will not stir tliem. <}o la'Iji your min-
ister in the way I have described.

NoAV tell your druggist that it is a bad
thing to starve bees by having inctlicient bee-
feeders, and a vcr^ se}-imit< thing — at your house

—to have machinery for the babies that is lia-
ble to cut olf their rations ; and pleasantly tell
him that if he has none better he may get you
a i/ood one at the first opp<n-tunity. A lew
complaints like this, and the manufacturer
will soon do ditferently, especially after he
has had to take back an invoice or two be-
cause they were badly made.

CHAPTER 11.

"A i)cnny saved, is two pence earnetl."— /''ivrMWui.

I suppose you have all heard the matter of
buying the various family sui)plies at whole-
sale talked over, thereby saving the profit*^
that your grocer must, conscientiously, charge
to give liim a fair and honest profit. You have
doubtless heard enumerated how you might
save the profits that go to the "middle men,"
might save the time it takes to go round ami
do the marketiu.g, save the time occupied in
making change, save the wrapping paper, etc.,
etc., — get rich in fact, from the "pennies saved,"
that now are wasted. This reasoning is al'
good and sound I believe, and in fact 1 lielieve
that humanity in general, admits it ; but not-
withstanding, very few indeed have put in
practice and carried out this great plan of sa-
ving lioth time and money. A few went into
it vehemently, even went so far as to inform'
their grocer that they were going to stand
his exTortionate prices no longer, they could
buy as cheaply as he, and the like; did the
grocers lireak down V Surely not. They kept
along quietly in the gooti old way, and bye
and bye their ohl customers came liack and
traded, in the good old way, and like the thous-
and and one reforms that come up daily, things
soon w^eut back in the same old ruts, wasteful
though they were. Perhaps 1 should say j)irt-
ty n&irli/ the same old ruts, for such excite-
ments tlo usually tend to work a slow change
for the better. I am trying to lubricate the
wheels a little, and see if 1 cannot accelerate
the slow cliange. The greatest tronlile in this
matter of buying supplies to last a whole year,
is — I have been told, — vv,ith the other sex. It
you put a barrel of sugar in the pantry it don't
iiold out, as when bought in 2 lb. packages as
fast as wanted; there is "lots of it, ' and Avhere
is the need of "scrimping V" Everything will
be sweetened up as it should be ; the childre;i
can have a lump, the baby a bigger one, and
bless their dear generous hearts — babies anil
mothers too if you like — if there is a poor
neighbor who has sugar neither by the iiound
or barrel, or one who never pays back when
she borrows, from the store of plenty all are
supplied until it is all out, and the hard work-
ing husband sees no other than the good old
way of getting two pounds at a time, and
keeping a constant check on extravagance, by
grumbling every time he is told a supply is
out. "Whatever 7iapc' you done v.'ith so much
sugar lately V" And he surveys a row of juve-
nile faces that, with the exception of the baby,
deem it a duty to look guilty while enquiries
are projiounded as to Avhat was done with the
money he generously gcivr tJ.nv a few days ago :
and before you blame the poor man too much,
let me suggest that he has learned by bitter
experience that he inv»i question clear down to
the very last last ten cent scrip, as to where it

OUR HOMES.

all went to. Where is the trouble? Trouble
there is, for both parents look troubled and
tinliappy, the children look troubled, and per-
liaps the only i^limpse of sunshine that is at
this minute to be found in the household,
<'oines from the baby. "Precious little dar-
lin.i; ! " she Jias confidence, perfect contldence in
lK)th papa and mamma, confidence in brothers
and sisters, confidence in every body and every
thini;. Is not this confidence, this love and
innocence, just what is wanted V To be sure
these two parents love each other, but is there
not danijer of this love beinii; covered up and
forjijotten in the mutual distrust that now
seems to reiijn V He has no confidence in her
ability to handle money judiciously, and she,
feels )ndi<?nant that he should seem to think it
all Jiin money. Have they not both worked for
itV Has she not even worked more hours than
he? Then why should it not be a partnership,
why should he not tell her about his business
as he would a friend of his own sex? Why
should he not see that her hard and laborious
life is all ^i^iven toward one common object
like his own, viz., a nice and pleasant home,
and rearing their little family in such a way as
to be <rood and useful citizens, if possible such
as Avill l>e the pride of their country when they
iiTOW up ?

It is an easy matter to tell how things are,
to tell how they should be, and to tell what
ought to ]>e done ; but is it not possible to
make this wonum careful, to cure this man oi'
being stintiy — I don't mean you dear reader ;
no, no, it is some one of your neighbors that
yon can think of — to make them mutually con-
fide in and trust each other ? I feel sure it
can be done, with God's help I knoic it can be
done ; as greater things have been done in our
dear little home, I feel sure they may be done
in others. By bringing the proper forces to
bear I feel as sure this woman can be induced
to try to equal — nay, to excel her husband in
economy, as that we can teach the blue eyed
baby better, who is diis minute pouring the
blue whortleberry juice out of her sauce plate,
all over her clean Sunday clothing that the
ambitious mother has donned so as to have her
.all ready in time for church, and to win that
proud smile from her papa when he sees her
looking so like a very "pink of perfection."
Do you wonder that the poor mother feels like
giving np in despair, and just having a '-big
cry?" Can't babies be (aught ? Just you Try
them on some piece of misr-hief and see. "And
am I to be taught like a b.iby ?" says the in-
dignant mother throuirh her tears. "Except
ye become as littler <diildren, etc." Oh! that
we might consent to be as little children so far
as touching our pride, is concerned, and that
we might become humble enough to admit we
are in the wrong, and thus get into a position
eapable of becoming higher, stronger, and no-
bler. Will you help? very well; we will com-
mence witli the baby. Tell her just what she
has done, and how sorry raannna is that she has
spoiled all her clean clothes, that poor mamma
gets awful tired, etc., but make your sermons
short and brief, for babies, and sometimes old-
er people, cannot stand long sermons. Now
tell the children you will show them a trick;
place two clean tea-cups on a clean sheet of
paper, fill one to the brim with water, and ask

if any one of the children can get the water all
into the other cu}) without even so much as
wetting the clean paper. AVhen they get to
Avork with their spoons, the baby will want to
tr}^ it too. (rive her two sauce plates antS
some water and tell her to be verj* careful not to
spoil mamma's table cloth ; when they can ma-
nipulate water carefully give them sauce or
honey, bye and bye spill some honey on the
bare table, and otter a premium to the one wlio
will clean it all up (piickest and neatest, al-
ways criving the baby a task equal to her abil-
ity. Now in yOur capacitj^ of teacher you
should be as careful about using an unkind
word, or using the least bit of censure for awk-
wardness, as you would be in carrying a shov-
el of coals through a room where gunpowde?-
was knee deep. You can wind up by telling^
them that mamma has ever so much hard work
to do, and that all are going to help make it
easier. Baby can be taught to i>ick up, and
hang np things in their places — one of our lit-
tle ones learned this so vrell that he would
hang up every thing, even down to the shoes
and stockings if they were left in his sight, and
I verily believe he would have hung uji the
cups and saucers if he could have tied strings
to them — the older ones can put in fuel, clear
up every splinter and bit of litter, and the fath-
er can set an example for the rest of the house-
hold by cleaning his boots with the most
scrupulous exactness before coming into the
honse, etc., etc., and really making it a busi-
ness to help in every way, both by precept and
example. Dare you urge that this takes too
much time and is too much bother? Can you
fail to see that this plan followed out, would
give you a force of workers, cheerful and faith-
ful ones, on the farm, in the garden, the fields,
the barns, nay, in the store, the counting house,
in our schools and even churches, of a kind
that money cannot purchase ; a kind of help
that is more to be valued than ])ure gold?
More than all, you are at the same time giving
your children a part of their education that
none but a parent can well give, and one that,
lies at the very fo'indaVio'i of .-i great and noble
character. Are tjicre ever children that can-
)iot be interested in such duties? I think not
if they are taken at an early age, and the pa-
rent is suflicieutly interested in the work to
devote to it all the energy that he does at
times to other matters in life. Children can
be taught to be neat and skilful, almost as
easily as they can be taught mischief; and
they can be taught to take pride in keeping
their faces and clothing dean, being careful
that they do not waste their food, being skil-
ful in the use of their spoon, knife and fork,
seeing that everything they have disarrange(!
in their plays, ix> carefully put away, and so
on almost without end. This too can be done
in such a w.ay as not to seem irksome to the
dear little ones, by any clear, strong, faithful
parent; one who perfectly "ruleth himself."
To be continited.

Now mj^ dear friend if you are one of those
people who like a bee-paper to be all bees and
nothing else, all you have to do is to give these
two leaves a twitch and they will come right
out leaving nothing but Gleanings.

OUR HOMES.

OIK 11U.1IES.

r.Y A. I. KOOT.

CHAPTER III.

And the Inith shall miike j-oii free.— John viii, :!J.

There was once a boy "who had an cx-
• •eodiujiiy bad teinpoi" ; one of the lamentable
kind tiiat prompts its possessor to acts of lui-
restrainod violence when thwarted in his wisli-
es ; and to such lengths did it carry him that
liis irood mother told him she reallj' feared he
would coine to sonic awful end if he were not
restrained. He w;i,s ordinarily mild and tract-
able, and during his better r^.omcnts she pre-
vailed upon liini to promise to go awaj- l)j'
himself when angry. By good christian ex-
ample ajid teaching, he was finally induced to
retire to another room when feeling that lie
was losing self-control ; and this he finally
learned to do of his own accord, returning af-
ter having perfectly mastered himself, and an-
nouncing that he had left the "bad boy" in an-
other room. As he grew older he Avent with
his mother to the Sabbath School, and Avas
taught good christian principles, but alas! as
he came to maturer years, temptations came
in other forms, and as time pas?ed on he
learned to think that his good, old mother, tho'
lionest in her belief, was rather behind the
times, that the new revelations of science were
<lestined to set aside old ideas, yet at the
same time keep the morals of our people fully
up to the old standard. And Avhat seemed
strangely inconsistent with this new doctrine,
his old temjier of childhood began to crop out :
he became less kind as a husband and father
in his own home, and as j'ear after year passed
by, those vrho knew him intiraatelj' were one
after another obliged to give up, there seemed
no hope as he day by day settled down into a
Iiard, cold, unfeeling species of atheism, infidel-
ity, and misanthropy. In vain did he in his
better moments resolve that he would leave
the "bad .boy" as in childhood, and brealv loose
from the vices that were becoming daily riv-
eted more and more firmly, for he knew in his
inmost self that soon his real character would
begin to stand out unveiled to public gaze in
all its deformity. At this time he was even
t(Uoted as one who was more upright and fair
in his dealings than professed christians, but
though dollars and cents may go a great ^vay,
they come far short of healing all tiie wrongs
we may do a fellow mortal. Finally there |
(ime a time, at the last moment as it were,
when this man sold himself, body and soul — [
all. everything ; not to the evil one, but to his ,
.Alaker. He put out his hand in perfect humil- |
ity and helplessness, and promised perfect
obedience, i)roinised to consent to be led any- j
where, or to go anywhere in a way that Avas
as foreign to his old self, as almost anything ;
you can imagine. Was he fettered V You may \
Judge after having heard the folloAving inci- j
dent; in fact v>'e have told this much of him!
just to get the folloAving illustration : He now !
iroes to all the prayer-meetings, his wife Avith '<
him ; but shortly after tliis change, she felt on \
one occasion that other urgent duties should
excuse her, and sent him a jileasant note 1o ;
that'efiect. He Avrotc bac\- flia' he i-onh] nnf

think ^;//.y duty should excuse one from such
exercises, and intimated in something like his
old manner of ruling, that he should expect
her as usual. This is a trifie, a mere trifie, bu'
our lives are made up of trifles, and Avell th>'
evil one knows this. Perhaps he had been
Avatching round for months to see Avhere he
might find one little loophole Avherein he
might venrurc to put a Avord. Now^t has
come, and h(! commences craftily: "If she can
not do this little thing to help you along in
the great sacrifice you have made, and prin •■
pally for her sake too, Avhy should //on t'-y so
hard':' I would make her <ro; I Avouhl show
her the conso(iuences of trifling in such a mat-
ter. If she does not come promptly at tAvo '<>
clock, I Avould not go a step, it is her own do-
ing." But says the poor victim:

"How can t ask my Heavenly Father — hoAv
a!)out our evening dexotionsV"

"Let 'em all slide. You could have done it.
in your o'.vn strength all the time if you had
only thought so." "And humanity stops and
listens Avhile a Avhole troop, in fact legions of
old temptations croAvd in and cover "him up
almost, as the old life comes back, and the ncAv
peaceful one fades in the distance. Gone, all
gone. "Stay! Father! help your ])Oor, erring.
stumbling child, take aAvay that old Avick-
ed self! I Avill be good, I Avill obey, only give
me back that neAV, bright life."

All is still ; a still, small A'oice Avhispers,
"Will you allow your Avife to do as she
thinks best '■' "
"Yes."

"Will von go to meeting Avithout her?"
"Yes.""

"You Avill not reproacli or censure her by
word or manner?"

As he promises do you Avonder he feels
that an angel stands over him ? He is safe.
A shadow approaches. He looks up and meets
a smile that he used to dream of iu years gone
by. The same old pleasant A'oice saj's,
"Husband, shall Ave not go? it is just two.''
"What a pleasant, pleasant world," he muses,
as he goes along (|uietly thinking of the con-
rtict that seemed to occujiy hours, AvhcrLas it
was probably only as many minutes. After
the meeting she asks almost in alarm,

"Why Avho ill this Avorld Avas it you spoke
of having been so aiigiy at?"
"You."

"Me ! vrhy Avhat ever did I do ?"'
"You spoke of not going to meeting."
"But you do not know Avhat you are saying,
you don't knoAV how unreasonable you are."

And for an instant there seemed danger of
an argument still; not long however, for the
new poAver still hovered near, and presently
he told her hoAV lonely he had of late learned
to feel Avlien in church Avithout her, but that
he had just begun to see that it Avas his duty
to let her decide in regard to such matters, for
herself; he Avould be very giad to have her
Avith him, but Avould consent pleasantly to let
her decide, and Avonld go cheerfully alone
Avhen advisable.

"Why bless your dear old heart ! Avhen you
talk in that Avay I feel as if I could go through
lire and Avater to please yon."

Who do you suppose is ruler in that honse-
1 oM 11. iw':' Dm vo;; tint think 'MU)' AVifc or

OUR HOMES.

Dec

liusbaiKl would do much tlie same? Aud is
tliat man now, fettered, or free, compared with
his former condition V

I wish to narrate one more circumstance
that occurred in this household shortly after.
This individual had been in the habit of en-
forcing obedience in his family with the ut-
most »':verity, aud as the children inherited a
disposition much like his own, each one of the
little ones sooner or later, liad to have a regu-
lar "breaking" of their stubborn wills; all
A'ei'3' proper and correct, had he onlj' adminis-
tered the correction in n spirit of kindness and
with an entire absence of temper or iri'itation
of any kind. As the disposition of his wife
was one of those which in childhood seldom
if ever needed correction, she learned to
fear a collision between him and the children,
and it may be on that account screened them
jierhaps at times when they really needed
punishment. At the time of which we are
writing, an untamed two-year-old had been
for some time getting daily more and more
headstrong, in her independent way of ordering
the different membei'S of the household about,
and he had been feeling that his duty as a pa-
rent demanded that her spirit l)e — not broken,
but guided into a proper and healthful chan-
nel. Finally in her mother's absence, she one
day demanded something that it was not prop-
er tor her to have, ami he, not knowing the ex-
tent to which she had been indulged to keep
peace, took her by the hand and told her gent-
ly that she must obey. This only produced
struggles and screams, aud lie was obliged to
take her by main strength into an apartment
by herself, and even then she manifested her
defiance of his authority by persisting in the
A^ery acts that had been forbidden. Punish-
ment seemed to have no effect, but what
would be the result of allowing her to think
herself cou({aeror V He talked long and earn-
estly with her, and linally told her that he
must punish her until she would submit; this
he did, and she at length put her little hand in
his, antl promised to submit to his authority
for all time to come. In less than a half hour
the two, with kind aud pleasant feelings to-
ward each other, went in quest of "mamma."
All passed pleasantly until evening; when
the child was undressed it was discovered
that the severity of her punishment was such
that her tender tlesh was blistered. The moth-
er jn'otested that such punislunent Avas ncA'cr
called for, that she Avould never consent to it,
and that she should feel it a duty to keep the
delinquencies of the children hidden from the
father so long as he persisted in such extreme
views of family government. Talking the mat-
ter over did no good; the parents clearly could
not agree. Our friend, after a little reflection,
decided that such a state of affairs was not to
])e thought of for an instant, and as the only
alternative, gave up and promised hisAvifc that
he Avould i)nnish no more Avithbut her lull con-
sent and api)roval, and to be sure to get on a
safe and true ground, they both knelt and ask-
ed their Heavenly Father to guide them in the
care of the little "treasures that he had entrust-
ed to their keeping. Do you Avonder that at
this crisis her hand stole into his as in years
gone by, Avith the remark that so long as he
looked to such a source for guidance, she

Avould never again doubt his judgment, and
that if it nearly killed her, she Avould, Avith all
her power, teach that papa Avas right, and al-
Avaj's knew best V Do you see how the fetters
have fallen, and how each member, from papa
to the little one, begins to feel the freedom
that comes from perfect obedience V Of course
the rebellious mood Avill come again now ami
then, but a single look from papa reminds her
of the promise that even in her little heart is
held sacred, and I need hardly say that a clos-
er friendsliip now binds the two than ever ex-
isted before.

And the rain descended, and the floods came, and
the winds blew, aud beat upon that house; and it leli
not ; tor it was founded on a i-ocli.— Mat. vii, 25.

CHAPTER IV

"As the twig is bent the tree is inclined."

"Take care! don't touch it, it will bite,"
said a lady to her child Avho had approached
a pretty floAver in a neighbor's front yard, prob-
ably Avith the intention of picking it. Of
course no child wishes to be bitten by any of
the wonderful things that it runs across, and
starting in affright it left the llower. What an
economical plan of getting along Avith child-
ren that are in the least disposed to be unruly !
Again, a young mother Avas visiting Avith a
wee, little one, who took a great fancy to a col-
lection of curious buttons, and Avhen it was
time to go, the bag Avas hugged up tightlj'- in
her little arms in a Avay that spoke as plainly
of her intentions, as if she had been old enough
to say it m Avords. The young mother took in
the condition of affairs at once, aud with rare-
tact opened her basket and induced the little"
one to deposit hsr treasure therein, giving her
a fair promise that it should be taken home.
With all a child's full confidence the bag Avas
handed over at once, while the skilful mother
slipped it in and then out so adroitly that the
little one trudged along in blissful ignorance
of the fraud that had becu iK-rpetrated on her
confiding little nature.

About fifteen years ago a mother told her
boy baby that unless he stopped crying she
Avould throAV him oul in the street and let the
"black man" get him. Within a fcAV days I
haA'e been told that this same boy had deceived
his mother for nearly aAvhole year in regard to
his habit of using tobacco. O ye mothers,
how can j'ou find it in your hearts to deceive
these little ones who look up to you for an ex-
ample, Avith such pleading, innocent eyes?
Can you wonder, or blame your children for
learning at an early age to prevaricate and de-
ceive their parents in turn, Avhen any particu-
arly selfish end is to be gained thereby ?

"When you have grown up and have child-
ren of your oAvn," said the lady last mention-
ed, "you Avill find that you Avill be glad to get
along with them the easiest Avay you can."

Just exactly, and noAV if you Avill excuse
the liberty, I Avill suggest what I think the
rery easiest Avay to "get along" Avith children.
We are not toVait until the child is of a cer-
tain age, for it to become capable of receiving
lessons of obedience, but to bear in mind that
as soon as the little one is old enough to rec-
ognize its parents by that responsive smile, it
has begun to take its first lessons; aud now

1P375.

OUR HOMES.

itiL'WJive thiit it hears no unkiiul word, and sees
.:io act that you ivonld not have it copy. In
traininij parrots, tlie greatest eare is observed
ithat thi'y h( ar no obscenity or profanity, and
we certainly Ciin be as careful of these little
•embryo Iranian l)eiugs. Not that I expect
parents are going to indulge in these, but I de
I'ear they sometimes use little bits of <.leception
which are Uiken up by the chikl long before
they are aware of it. Those who have had
the'care and training of colts know how easily
they take in imi)ressioiis; in fact I have liken-
■ed them to w)ft mbx in this respect. They will
i'emember for months, a spot v»'hcre they have
beeu fed, or wliero tlieir master has stopped
jfor only a few minutes, during the first few
days aft-er they have been taken from their na-
t,ive lields and put in harness. They will learu
a, new trick in a fevv' minutes, and will remem-
ber it for yean-*. You can very easily teach
them to start, without telling, the minute you
set f<x)t on the vehicle, or you can by taking
time and pains, teach them never to start un-
til the word is given, even if your child should
■climb in and get hold of the reins, jump on the
seats, etc. You can also teach tliem to stop
promptly v.hon told, or that they must push
ahead until you pull back with all j'our
strength, and shout at the top of your voice.
The colt means v.'cU, — so do the children, — it
as all your ovvi* fault if j^ou allow them to form
disagreeable or dangerous habits, instead of
desirable ones, when they are so very i-eady
to copy everything they see.

In Abbott's '"Hollo Books" a set of maxims
was framed and hung up in the sclioolroom by
"Beechnut." They were as follows:

''When you refuse, refuse finally.

When you consent, consent cordialh*.

When you punish, punish good naturedly.

Commend often, but never scold."
To the above I would beg leave to add :

Never give a command, which it is out of
your power to enforce, to a child that has not
fully learned to obey.

I once had a high-strung colt that persisted
hi backing and going ahead while I was talk-
tug with a neighbor. At lirst I was somewhat
out of patience, and inclined to be harsh, but
on a second thought I moved the seat back
and gathered the lines ready for a tussle ; then
ordered her to stand stifi. As soon as she dis-
obeyed she was struck one smart blow; of
course she reared and plunged, and it was well
that I was thus prepared, but when she saw
tliat her driver had no spite to vent in unkind
words or further blows, her anger that made
her quiver for a few minutes soon passed away,
and she never repeated the otleuce afterward.

If a chihl is screaming at the top of his
voice-, it is injudicious to order him to stop
instantly, because you cannot compel obedi-
ence very well in case he is headstrong, but if
he is crying for the looking glass you can tell
liim decidedly that he cannot have it, for there
you are master. If he is iu mischief and you
call him to you, he may come and he may not ;
if at the time you make the command you re-
solve that unless he obeys promptly you will
go and bring him, he will probably oliey, be-
cause he will read decision in your eye and
tone. If you iirst call his attention pleasantly,
and then firmly and clearlj- give the command.

he will o])ey with no feeling that you are un-
just and tyrannical, but it very much deiteuds
on 3our previous habits. If a chikl has been
accustomed to feeling that it would be as idle
to cry for it to stoj) raining, as to cry for hiw
parent to break his word, there is very little
danger of disobedience. On the otJier hand
the parent should be so careful to promptly
keep all his promises, that his child will have
the same faith in them, as iie has that the sun
will ri.se in the morning.

"What, am I to take my hands out of the
dough and let my briad spoil, just because
that little upstart has taken advantage of the
situation to show a little deliance of my au-
thority ?"

I think it would be l>etter to let not only the
bread, but the whole contents of the kitchen,
naj% the hou.se itself spoil, than let the child
get an idea that it might evade parental au-
thority with impunity. A l)riglit little boy
ill our vicinity had not been made to mind —
his parents had no faculty of governing, it was
said. He grew older, and on his way to
school would wade in the puddles when they
were covered with thin ice. He took a severe
co]d and was commanded to keep entirely
away from the water. He had never oljeyed,
why should he now ? He did not, but went
straight to the forbidden ice, and from there to
his grave in a vezy few hours. The niotlier
was almost crazed with grief.

CHAPTER V.

FOOD.

We have iu our home oft-times discussed the
comparative expense of the diflerent articles of
food, especially when there seemed unusual
need of reducing expenses, and the difficulty of
getting at any really definite figures iu the
matter liually resulted in the following exper-
iments :

For breakfast on the first day of Nov., I ate
five Graham gems, tliese with one cent's worth
of butter cost three cents. So far as the gems
were concerned my hunger Avas jxirfectly sati-
ated, but I could have with ease eaten, after
this, a piece of pie and perhaps cake, may be
an apple or bunch of grapes also ; but as I was
"in pursuit of science" and bent on determin-
ing just how much food was really needed, 1
ate nothing more. Somewhat to my surprise
I did iwt get hungry before noon, but on the
contrary felt unusually well. At dinner I ate
)4 pound of rice, cost three cents, with 1 ounce
each of sugar and butter, which made a very
good meal for 5 cents ; as I u.sed very few dish-
es for this simple repast, the labor of preparing
the meal was also economized. Next meal
was ^4 pound corn meal antl }., pint milk, cost
3 cents.

Fourth meal, J4 pint of lieans, cost less than
mu-hidf cent ; this amount seemed so ridicu-
lously small that I spent the afternoon iu pret-
tj' severe out-door labor to sec if it wn'C really
possible one could live on such an insignificant
expense. To my surprise I felt unusually Avell,
and yet this vegetable was one that al-
ways disagreed with me when eaten as usual,
with a full meal' of other things. In all these
experiments T had taken unusual pains to mas-
ticate nij- food, and as a result ate slowly.

OUR iio^rE&.

Fifth meal; beef steak and pork sausaije, oue
pound, cost 10 cts ; 1 should have eaten the
Avhole with ease had not Blue Eyes petitioneu
for a part of "papa's supper," and so my sup-
per cost 14 cents.

As the progTamme was, that I was to have
what I liked, "providing I could give the cost
of it, I chose next ginger snap.«, of which I am
very fond, and cheese ; as I had eaten no fruit,
I cliose a good glass of lemonade at the close
of the meal, wliiclT cost 1 cent, the cheese 2 cts.
and the snaps 8 cents — 11 cents in a,ll.

Seventh meal ; Ijjj pounds of potatoes roasted
in the coals, cost less than i« cent, and the
milk eaten with them Ijrought it up to 2 cents,
but as I got hungry before supper I concluded
that potatoes would not compare with the
grains and beans.

Eighth meal ; felt like having some more meat,
and to try something a little cheaper, I paid
35 cents for a soup bone ; this gave a very good
meal for about 4 cents.

Ninth meal ; iy pound oat meal, and a most
delicious meal it was, for about ;i cents.

Tenth meal ; one gill of whole corn soaked
in water 10 lionrs, the liuU taken off in the
usual way with a lye made of ashes, and corn
boiled until thoroughly cooked, when eaten
slowly with a little salt, made a good meal for
only ii of a cent.

Eleventh meal ; and the most delicious meal
of all, was simply whole clean wheat boiled
until well cooked and served with butter
and clover honey. I ate about ^ of a cent's
worth, and about 2 cent's worth of outter and
honey, but ate more than I needed.

Twelfth meal ; oysters. Oysters cost 10 cts.,
milk Ic and crackers 2j._,' ; whole expense 13}o
cents.

Thirteenth meal ; cciH'^ roasted on the coals,
a la boyliood days. This experiment was a
failure from tlie tUct that we only roasted five
and after eating these were so hungry that we
ate ly; of a grape pudding and a large slice of
home made ginger bread — home made costs
only 5 cents per pound, while the snaps are 18
at the grocers. Eggs would l>e quite expen-
sive for a fall meal at present rates, 22 cents,
and we should probably want 8 or 10, to ]>e
equivalent to ^4 pound of wheat.

In the above experiments it will be observed
that we have paid little or no attention to san-
itary matters, and we should be very son\v to
discourage the use of meat, having at one time
regained health by an exclusive meat diet of
many weeks, but there is one very important
fact elucidated, viz., that a more extensive use
of our grains in their unground and unbolted
state would not only be a great saving of mon-
ey, but a positive gain in health. As an illus-
tration, a pound of wheat costs 2 cents, and is
worth more in every way than a pound of
Hour that costs 4 cents, or a i>ound of l>read
that costs from 8 to 10. Cracked wheat, it is
true, can be bought of the grocers, bat as it
must inevitably pass through several hands
before it gets to tlic consumer, they really can-
not furnish for much less than 0 ov 8 cents
what they pay the farmer 2 for. Much the
same might be said of all our grains, and if
you have never tried cooking them whole in
the way we have mentioned, it may be worth
while to try the cxperim.'iit. If they are simj)-

ly broken in two, say in a common coffee ra-ill,.
they will cook more quicklj^ and mills are
now in the market for this purpose, in sizcv
and capacitj' fromi a coffee mill all the way up.

Tlie great strides that are now l>eing madi-
in science and tlie arts and industries, are Ijy-
a kind of Yankee faculty of cutting- 'ci'oss lots,
of producing just as good or even a Ijetter ar-
ticle, with less lalx/r and machineiy, less com-
plication, and fewer hands emyployecl Suppose
we had a Job of work to do on the opposite
r,ide of a stream ; we might go down stream a
uiilc to get to a bridge, and then come l>ack a
mile on "the other side, or, we might roll up
our trousers and splash through, and have the
work a good way along in the time we would
be reaching the bridge. Some might object
that the latter is an undignified way, bat i!
it is the only road to honest indejjendence, we
would advise taking it by all means. We car.
splash through the water on a small scale, by
taking the coffee mill somte evening and seeing
how much money we can make by grinding"
wheat at two cents per pound, for even when
ground veiy coarsely it can be made into most
excellent bread. You can splash through the
water again by purchasing irreat that is good'
and wholesome^ at 4- cents per pound instead of
10. And again, 1>y paying cash for evei*ythiug
you buy and insisting that you have it at the
veiy lowest casJi figure. Haven't you the cash
on inind ? Reduce your expense^ so that you
can lay up half of what you have formerly paid
out for your table, in the way I have mentioned,
and before you arc frightened for fear such a
course may look undignified, reflect that some
of the finest minds the" world has ever produced
have been obliged to study this matter as one
of the fine arts — how to live cheaply.

We have plenty of men in our cities, who
make it a business to hel]? those who are not
afraid to splash through the water, by offering
the sta])!e commodities of life at very close fig-
ures indeed, but you must pni/ cash, for these
men figure on so small a profit that it is en-
tirely out of the question to add a per cent to
cover the losses on bad customers, as most of
our country merchauts an:I grocers are obliged
to do, and for that matter you can almost al-
ways make an arrangement with your own
grocer, if you will tell him that his money is
always ready, or better still if he is trusty,
give him the money to get what you want
when he goes to the city. If you ha\e (dmii/.-.-
the nioney in your jiocket, you need not feai'
bat that you will always find him accommo-
dating.

From quotations, from W. P. Southworth &
Co., 110 Ontario St., Cleveland, O., I glean the
following :

Standard A, coffee sugar by the bai-rel, 10'._,
cents, retails forl2'.<. Golden svrap in 5 lb.
kegs, 00 cents; retails at fl.OO. "Cod-fish, 25
lbs., 5,4' cents ; retails at 8 cents. German era-
si ve soap, by the box, 4?4' cents; retails at ^
cents. Soda and saleratus, 10 lb. lots, 7 cents :
retails at 10 cents. Oat meal and barley in 20
IV). lots, 5 and 7 cents; retails for 8 and 10.
Corn starch in 40 11). boxes, 10 cents ; retails at
1."). Rice, 10 11). lots, S^. ; retails for 12.

I havi' only selected a" few of the necessaries
as samples ; tea, coffee and tobacco, would cer-
tainly be out of place in a home where eeoromy

OUll HOMES.

was to be made one cl' tlie ihiu ;irts, it sccins to
luc, to sa3' iiotliini;' of other objections. The
two former maj- be neccs.sarj^ for old people
wlio have been h^ui; aeeustonied to tlieir use,
but they certainly are not in onr home. "Where
il is an object to lessen the labor of the house-
keeper, canned goods are a ii'reat convenience,
and we mention a few that have uiven us much
satisfaction. The in'ices are what we have
jiaid, when boujiht in 2 lb. cans by the dozen.

Blackberries 11 cents, strawberries 14, whor-
berries 14; all retail for 25. Tomatoes, 3 lb.
cans, 12 '.jc; retail at 25. Lobsters, cove oys-
ters, and salmon, 2 lb. cans, 28, 15, and 25 cts.
respectively; and we pay at retail from oO to
40 cts. per can. The salmon has now advanced
in price, but at the price we bought, it was
very cheai> meat indeed, and it has been placed
at the head of the list of brain producing foods.
The convenience of canned goods for getting
up a meal on short notice can hardly be esti-
mated, and it seems to me^ there is a great
opening for an immense industry in raising
and putting up canned vegetables. We can
not buy a 2 lb. can of corn for less than 18 cts.
and it retails for irom 25 to 30, yet hard corn
can be raised for 2 cents per II). Green corn is
a national dish and the best varieties of our
late improved sugar corn— by the way the best
we ever ate was at Mr. H. Palmers, Hart,
Oceana Co., Mich., and if he will put up some
packages of the seed for our readers, we will
give him an advertisement free ; if his wife
will give us the receipt for cooking it, we will
send her a copy of "Our Homes'' for next year,
and if her sisters in other states will also send
in wliatever they have to aid us in the Avork
we have undertaken, we shall think it a rare
lavor.

I once heard of a minister who lived near
liis church and had a fine cabbage patch. On
one Sabbath in the midst of his sermon he es-
pied a hungry cow making sad havoc amid his
vegetable treasures, and on the impulse of the
moment he deserted the pulpit to save them
from impending ruin. On his return he Avas
at a loss to find the broken thread of his dis-
course, and in despair turned to his wife.

"Betsey where was I last ? "

"Indeed I can't say, unless it was chasing
back and forth among the cabbages."

Well 1 left off some where among the sugar
corn, but I can't say exactly where unless it
was trying to induce some of our young men
to go into the business of supplying our people
w'ith a nice article of green corn any day in the
vcar, and at a i)rice within the reach of all.
Yini can easily ligure the cost of the corn, and
(•ans holding 2 ll)s. will cost less than 4 cents.
Is it possible there is one of my readers who
has nothing to do? "We certainly cannot have
a pleasant ho)ne unless the members are all
kept busy, and as "what to do" is quite a broad
subject, we will have to take a chapter or two
to consider just Avhat one can go right to work
at without capital and in almost any locality.
For the present we may take a brief view of
some points.

-Milk passes our door daily on its way to the
cheese factory where il is sohi for 2 cts. per qt ;
our milk-man charges T and we do not blame
him, for he can not well carry it around at a
cheaper rate. In our experiments we found

milk rather expensive food, yet we cannot tlunh-
of any substitute ; can not some one tell us
how we may buy our year's supply at one; time,
paying only !f() 00 where we now pay .'?21.00y
We want some way of cuttini; across lot.s.
The same thing occurs in nearly all kinds o!'
food; ifitcoulil only be kept right at hand in
some convenient shai)e ready lor use, so as 1o
save the time occupied in going to market
over and over and over again for the same
thing. Again, a great variety of foods made
from corn, wheat, and the other grains, ari
offered for sale in cities, but an exami;iation
ot their price lists shows that we must pay
them several hundred ])er cent i)rolit for work-
ing over the products f)f our own farms. No!,
that we think it too much, but can not we cut
across lots again and save freights and profits V
You have all seen it well iliustrated in the
honey trade. The worst trouble perha])s
is that onlj' in the cities do they understand
how to put up goods neatly, and tastily. Your
grocer will be glad to l)uy of you if you will
bring him salable goods, and he will sell your
goods too, for a very small connnission. There
are millions of your fellows wanting foods
cheaply and they are at present i)aying ruin-
ously high prices for them. Four hours ago
I stepped into a neighbor's grocery and select-
ed canned goods for my dinner. I ate a full 40
cents worth and yet was no better satisfied
than with my 3 cent's worth of wheat, butter
and honey.

Noi\ 25!!ft— Says the Scientific American of
Nov. 20th:

Nearly all the Graham flour sold in Xew York, ami
perhaps in other large cities, is bofru.':. It is made by
mixing tlie coarsest of the bran with eitlier spoiled
Hour or with white flour th;.t may not be spoiled. Tliis
flour is made into l)read by bakers ami sold to dys))ep-
ties who think it wholesome, but it is a poor substitute
for tlje srenuine article. Those who want a genuine
article must either make it witli a home mill, or have
it made by an honest miller.

For tlie past two weeks I have from choice
been living mostly on bread and milk, and ba-
ked apples; a glass of milk, a slice of brown
bread and an apple, costs but 3 or 4 cents, and
yet I do not think that ever before in life have
i felt so well and so full of vigor as on this
simple diet. It is true that after eating these
I could easily eat as much more pie, cake, fruit
etc., but to feel i-adl>/ icell, I must get right up
from the table and eat nothing at all until the
next meal. It is said that such have been the
habits and diet, or similar ones, of those who
have lived to a great age, and while I think of
it I fear I should get lonely if I should live to
be 140 or tlierea';out, and at stieh a time the
sight of an old "bee-friend" would be especially
refreshing. Seriously, is it not a fact that a
great load of intcmperence rests on the shoul-
ers of a class of our people Avho never think of
going near a grog shop? Arc not the great
cures that have been accomijlished by special
dieting, more directly the result of the abstem-
iousness which of necessity follows':'

We had been having a long dusty ride, and
the train stopped before a veiy pleasant cool
looking room, where the people all seemed to
be getting out for some purpose. I followed
and was soon seated with the rest ; among the
many good things that were spread on the ta-
ble before us I nirticularly remen;!jcr a large

150

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

Dec

dish of whortleberries and milk that I was en-
Joyiui^ hiijiciy, when a pleasant faced fellow
iiUerrupied by exteiidiiiy- his haud and mildly
asking for a half dollar. Novv I have got just
to the whortleberries — perhaps it is "boiled
wheat" in our case, at any rate it costs nothing
for what you have had, but if I give you with
each number of Glkaxings for 187() one of
these Home P.ai'eus 1 shall want about 2 cts.
each, or 35 cts. for the whole year. In other
words

GLEANINGS FOR 1870 WILL BE $1.00
Three copies, $2.50 ; five, |;:!.75 ; ten, $(J.0() ;
and we will send as a premium to all who sub-
scribe before Jan. ist,

LlTJlOGKAI'II OF THE APIAKY,

Photo of the House Apiary, or photo of
"Novice and Blue Eves," your clioiee of
the three.

G7jEAninc4s alone at old prices, or Ouii
Homes alone for 25 cents. Postage prepaid
on all. Those who have paid 75c can have any
one of the premiums if 25c is sent for Ouii
Homes, i^/wv Jan. 1st; after that date, two
names will be required at $1.00 each for any
premium. As we have been blamed for send-
ing the same a second time, no present wdll be
sent unless it is asked for.

Dear friends, my work on Vol. Ill, is done,
and so far as I am concerned, it has been a
very pleasant woriv indeed. Your letters have
cheered me more than you can think, and 1
only regret that it has been utterly impossible
for me to reply to them individually in the
same kind and friendly spirit in wdiich they
were written. Whatever Gt.eanings lias ac-
complished, nuich of the cretlit has been due to
the many kind friends who have aided bj' fre-
quoit hints, and many of them liave been only
brief notes on postals. May God's blessing-
rest on all your Iiomes, and may cacli indi-
vidual member feel an earnest desire to walk in
the straight path of duty. May prosperity be
the reward of all faithful labor, whether it be
in the apiary, on the farm, in the shops, stores,
offices, or wherever in life these lines may
chance to greet you. A. I. Root.

Gleanings in Bee Culture,

PiilhJislicd MosiaBily,

EDITOR AND PROPRIETOR

EDINA, OHIO.

[Inctudhig JPostagc]
For Club Rates see Last Page.

3s*arEiDiisj.A., iDEO. 1, levs-

To tliib cm I was i horu, ami Tor this cause cautc 1
into thu woili], thai. I should bear witness unto the
tnUh.— John IS, 31.

Mu. IlAuiusoN will be ready to lill orders for queens,
as soon as Feb. bend lor his circular.

Ni;v/ sul).scribers for Ouit rio:Mi-.s Tor 187(1, will re-
ceive the livi-t two iK'UJcrs free. „

A vKiiV good receipt lor tlic candy wo have men-
tioned, is found on page 22, Vol. 1. We hope in our
next to be able to give a full account of tlie imple-
ments needed to make it cheajsly for au apiary.

Full directions for making comb foundations will
lie given next month, also, prices of the dies for stamp-
ing the wax sheets, and instructions to those who
wish to make their own dies. This will be nice work
for the winter.

As our call for Jan. No's, only resulted in bringing
three cojiies— flattering is it not that nobody will sell
them ?— wc shall have to ofler Vol. Ill, without it we
fear. Therefore we will furnish Vol's I, II, and III,
less Jan. No. of Vol. II, lor :J2.5C, or the whole with the
best binder for §:!.00.

"Injukiols Insects of Michigan," by Prof. Cook, of
the Agricultural College, is a pamphlet of 48 pages,
tlnely illustrated. It will be mailed on receipt of two
3 cent stamps and is really worth as many dollars if
well studied. Address Trof. A. J. Cook, Lansing,

Michigan.

— « — ^ — »

The Nortli American Bee-Keepers' Society will
meet at Toledo, O., Dec. 1st. We can not conscien-
tiously advise our readers to invest money in going
long distances to these conventions, with the hope
that it will prove a profitable investment; but where
they are held in their own county, should say attonil
them by all means.

L. C. Root's article on preparing bees for winter, in
the Nov. No. of yl?H. AgricvltuTist, is probably as sale
to follow as any thing we have on the subject. He
gives the preference to cellars under a room wherein
a (ire is kept constantly during the winter. This ena-
bles us to remove all accumulation of bad air and
dampness without the possibility of mistake or failure,

on the plan given on page ICt), Vol. II.

,« — o- — «

Gleanings, and in fact all the Bee Journal.^ of

America, can be sent to Great Britain, for 21 cents iicr

year extra. All the books advertised in our list will

be sent, free of postage, at the same rate as in our

own country: the same applies to the. back Volmncs

of Gleanings. For the benefit of our English Iriends,

we will say that \£ English money is worth, at jires-

cut to us, S'.")..'5(), and that 5^1.00 our money will be cijuiv-

alent to about Ms, 8d.

*. ^ •

As foreign postage stamps are of little or no value

to us, and' our own the same to our friends o\er the

water, we think we can all be excused for not enclo-

.sing stiunii for reply. Postal cards are much the

cheapest medium of communication, and if we waive

all ceremony and "pitch right into business," Avill

contain quite a letter, and they only require an extra

one cent stamp. AVe will answer all inquiries and pay

all postage, if our friends will excuse the "postals,"

and our brevity,

,_J • ♦- q

Wi: have been taken to task for saying that our
standard works are all behind tho times; but really,
we do not know how we can recall it, until some edi-
tion is before the public that takes some cognizance of
the extractor ; onu that has been published since we
liave learned t « get 5C0 lbs. from a single hive, and to
market our honey l>y the ton; and above all, to make
some mention of our wintering troubles. As it is, we
feel it a duty to direct a beginner to our Journals,
rather than to any of the bee books.

If you wish your })apcr continued without interrup-
tion, please remit for next year shortly atfer this
reaches you. As we do not Vi i-h to intnidc it on any

:875

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

\rA

<ine not wanting it. wc shall take it i'or granted that
uU who do not remit before Jan. 1st, wlsli it discon-
tinued, and no one need ever talce the Iroublc to write
lis if they wish it stopped. The same with Oiiu
Homes; ye.u can all tell by this time whether you
will desire it for next year; if you do, r^'init tlio extra
i'> cents, before Jan- 1st, atid tell us what pi-escut you
wish.

A I'ltETrv little volvnnc, entitled "A Manual of Bee-
Keeping,'" by John Kunter, England, has jvist been
(issued. Although it is iu many respects not quite
adapted to the habits and customs of "Young Anier-
joa," yet we have been very much iileased indeed
with it, and take pleasure in adding it to our book list.
The chapter on making comb fouuilations will be rea<l
with niucli interest, as also the one on making candy
-"IJarley sugar" our English cousins are pleased to
term it. Uy the way friend Hunter says that for guide
■combs for boxes, or' for any place where either drone
■i)r worker comb will do, sheets of jilain unembossed
wax are just as good. Who has tried this.^ We will
mail the book for 5^1.50.

ALTHorcK reports in ipneral are strongly in favor
of in-door wintering, iu our own locality the matter
lias many exceptions. A friend has just been in, who
keeps from 20 to 30 always on their summer stands,
and uses neither quilt nor honey board. The upper
story is their only protection and as these are by no
sueans tight, they have ventilation until they can al-
most see the stars twinkle overhead on a frosty win-
ter's night. Do they die r Not at all. and yet his
neighbors wlio have kept theirs in their nice cellars
•uid bee houses have lost so badly, that they are giving
-aj) the business in des])air. Now we do not mean to
advise such a course, but we would like to hear trom
those who have made similar experiments : was it tlie
■hair, the straw mats, tlie double walls, the corn fod-
der, etc., ttiat sav«d your bees? or would tlie.v have
Mved equally well with good stores and nothing over
them at all?"

[Cuudnurd fri>,H Index jjugc.^

Iiiil)]*.'!!!*-'!!!!-; for the Apiary; Apr. Sui>plement

Iiiipoi'lt'tl t^iK^eii.s; Dadant »'t ^in

r*aiiit. Averill Chemical; Jan. to .Dec.

l*olatoow. A. J. Fisher; Oct.

Poultry. J). E. Moore; June.

rolltjii riants. J. r, McElrath; A]ir. Slay; & Oct.

I'c-i'iotlic^al?^. JJingham's Agency; Jan. to
Sept. H. A. King; .Jan. to Apr. Bee World; Jan. to
Dec. Fruit Kec<i}-dvr; Jan. Am. Bec-Jmrrmd; Jan to
Dec. Bee-kcrprr's M<ujazine; Jan. to Dec. SoutJiern
Farmer; .Tail. & Feb. Ohio Farmer; Feb. & Mar.
Prairie Farmer; Oct. Geo. O. Tompkins; Dec. J. H.
Nellis Dec.

Queens,. < i. AV. Dean; Jan. to Dec. 11. S. Beck-
teli: Jan. to April. ,"\I. K. McMastci; Fob. to Dec. J.
Oatnian <t Co.; Mar. to l>ec. Eli Coble; Fob. to Dec.
V. (;ould & Co.; Apr. to June. Dr. W. i'. Moore; Apr.
to.7une, .7. M. (,'. Tavlor; Apr. to Seia. iSarnum &
l»evton; 3Iay to ./ulv." A. -T Weidner; JMay to Oct. J.
If.'Nellif; June to bept. JI. Nesbit; July to Sejit. S.
F. Newman; July. J. Shaw & Son; July. H. Alley
Aug. .7. S. Woo'dburn; Sept; & Oct: J^os; M; Brooks
Oct; to Dec ;

tlasi>l»«j'w. Thos. J. Ward; Aj))-.

f-<ee<:ls. D. II. Stair & Co. ; Feb. & Mar. ./. Vick ;
Mar. to Sept. JJeach. Son & Co. ; Mar. to Sept. Seed
Ware House ; Nov. & I>ec.

lloii«->- .J iii'.>i;. Ch. F. Muth ; year ; i!. D, Fah-
tr.stock ; ,/inie to Dec.

lIon«y 1»U3 lit w. Kruschke Bros : Mar & Apr.
•"' Ti^'t'.-i. A A Battles ; .7an to Mar ;

'■fC Green ; Mar to June.

Iloiiey I^oxew- Barkers Dicer; Apr. to J'un.

Cai'tlsi'^ U. M. Clark; April & Dec. A. Snow;
Julv. W. W. Adams ; Jul v.

Catnip We<'<!. J. I^. Wolfendeu'; Jan. to
Mar. A A. Uico : .Jan. to June.

Jl-3nix>t>' tJ'<>jiiT>. J. H. Martin ; Apr. to June.
D. L. Scott ■; May.

I^ln^ra-viiijv, Miss E. S. Fuller ; Dec.

x::xti'a«~t<> !•!-;. A. I. Root ; Sept.

l^ariii. U. M. Dale ; July & Aug.

J'^'eetler. ( . C. VanDeusen ; Apr. to June.

<»la>:w <f 'ut t <-v. G. O.Tompkins: Feb. a Dec.

IH>-«'!-. Geo, T. Wheeler; .Ian. to Aug. ; Clias F.
Mutli ; vcar : Kevcs .V: Finn : Miw: to -Mav ; D. B. Scott
iMav : j1 II. Martin Mav ,.S: June : Wni D. /ell June to
Nov.

'l^r'N planting grai;c vines for shading bee stands, how
i«|i far ai)an should the rows be, that a trout row will
-r-': not iiinder easy access to stands in the rear?

Out- own nrv. ;il)Oiit T)' , IW'X^ and wo \\m\ am-
ple room for working;. The vines are 0 feet
aiitift iu the i-ov;s, which brings the hives 0 feet
from centre to centre in ;cll directions. Sec
Litiioiiraph.

Is a hive after slyh; of Jiangstroth witli <le(ul air
sjHJce for protecti(»i, worth tlie exti-a cost of making
over thin liives of inch stufl:-'

J. N. Whitk, Wolf Creek, I'a.

Double walled hives have not proved any
better than those of siur^ie walls, wv. !K.'lieve,
althouifh they have been warndy advocated
I'or a time. Many experiracuts have been made,
and some are still iu progress.

Will bees work in metal or paper combs, if made
nearly perfect ?

They will work in combs n)ade of metal
when coated with wax, as Mr. Quinby demon-
strated ; but they are very apt to pick at jia-
per, and linally tear it entirely out. We have
combs in use that are l)uilt on a very thin pa-
per, dipped in wax aiul pressed iu dies to
stamj) the bottom of the cells.

Enclosed find a sami)le, plucked to-day, of what !.
consider the best honey plant for this year. Name it.
Blooms Irom Aug. till iirst of Nov.

M. S. Ki.M^r. Sherman. Texas.
Order, Composif(r, ; family, Bollotiin ; species,
Diffusid. Wo confess that the foregoing do(»s
not give ns a large amount of information iu
the matter, even if it was pointed out to us in
the Botany. The plant probably is peculiar to
your southern country ; it more nearly resem-
bles some species of our Golden rod, than any-
thing else we know of.

I had one swarm on ni^- scales which gathered. Iniilt
comb, and stored honej- in small frames, at the rate of
&% lbs. i)er day, for several days.

Albeut Potter, Eureka, Wis.

KEPLY TO JAMES HEDUOX.

I commenced with 55 out of 100 and increased to lOn.
Bate and early frosts made this a poor season. 1 took
lOCO lbs. box honey, '2()00 lbs. extracted, and ilO. worth
bees-wax. I rec'd for all 85.35,uo. My out-goes arc
$^100,00 interest on amount invested, lo'davs work at;
S2.0(),— SfiO.cO, honey boxes S20.U0, leavin.s me $:ijr).00
l)rolit. Corn is 20 cts. and potatoes 12 '^ cts. !)er bushel,
lean raise a pound of box honey with le^s exiiensc
than a bushel of corn, and onejiound cf extracted
honey for less than a bushel of potatoes. One season
with another, I can make more from one stand of bees,
than from a cow or an acre of ground.

D.JJ.J?ALMEU, Eliza, Ills.

Our bees are ready for winter, 50 colonies in num-
ber; though we had to take up i)erfectly ])ure swarms
to do it. You wished for a report of my daughter's
one hive. This hiv(!, kept for box lioney- last year,
was crammed full of bees in the fall and wintereil ex-
cellently. We made an artificial swarm from it in
April, and have from it, 5 full and 1 nucleus swarms.

Sold 150 lbs. of honey iu comb for SoU.OO. and six
pure queens for £-12.00. The new swarms would be
worth S50.00, all making total profit SiJ2.00.

' ^ DavI!*, Delhi. Mich.

T.

HL^O jriig.'v' C^ e> I tn aia ii *

miirtR. A. I. BOOT:— In reply to yours of the 28th,
^^s■(n wc would say we do not wish to buy any ex-
^/^ tracted honey, as it is mostly used to manufac-
ture counterfeit honev to be peddled about the city.

B. H. Stair &"Co., Cleveland, O., Oct. 29th, '75.

Very likely this is the case in almost all cit-
ies, and if so, what is to be done about it ? In
Dio Lewis' book entitled "Our Digestion,' ho
advises that we bu}- only comb honey, as the
liquid is always adulterated. A friend, in

152

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

Dec.

coramenting on Ouii Homes, saj'S, "There are
plenty of honest men who are not good Chris-
tians, and many more good Christians who are
not lioae.st men." It' c/ood Vhristinns are not
iionest men, what in the world is to become
of ns ally If mllli is not mill^, and honey is
not lioney, and Christians not Christians, our
people are in a bad state, certainly, and we
might come to the conchisiou that everything
iiad bettur be allowed to "slide," were there
not such an everlasting clamoring on all sides
for that which is genuine. "I am willing to
pay for gold, and / w<iiit gold," says a custom-
er, with an air that seems to imply, "Humbug
the world as much as you like, but Inmst and
will have Vie genuine.'" We Iiave been told that a
great bee-lceeper purchased the heaviest glass
he could get, for liis lioncy boxes, as he sold
box and all by the pound, and there was quite
a siunnrji?) by using heavy glass. You perhaps
don't do that, but are you snre you would use
the Urihlesc glass, if you found it to answer just
as well othervvise V If each one of us could be
brought to see that we are not perfect, and to
make a sincere resolve to try to be more hon-
est than we have l)een in the past — to be as
genuine as we would have others, would not
the result be re(d honey and feal Christians —
according to the dictionaries':'

We have already retailed a barrel of clover
iioncy at 20c. In the city of Akron, 20
niiles distant, they retail it at 40c., in jars
without labels, and would sell it no less, if jars
were furnished, yet we otler them the honey
for 15c. by the barrel. Who is to blame hereV
Tliat such clover honey as we are now selling,
would sell in everj' towji at 20c., and that all
of our bee-keepers could not begin to supply
the demand if furnished to the consumer at
that price, we firmly believe. If you will read
over the honey column I'or the past year, and
(!.ci on its teachings, you certainly will sell
all you liave, at good prices. Teach the world
that hee-kccpem are honest, even if all the rest of
mankind persist in calling syrup and glucose,
honey ; and loypocHtes, ciiiiisxiAMS.

I have on hand, about (100 lbs. of honey in caps, from
15 to 20 lbs. each. Wheib will 1 lind tho best nuiriict ■'
Wlicie do you sell your surplus honey ? \Vhcrc c:ui 1
buy :i, good work on boc culture?

Wm. II. r.VGE, Bronsun, Mich.

At 13 ct?. net, 2C00 lbs. basswood honey, hi lour bar-
rels, all ciai'lied.

Joseph Duffelek, Wcquiock, Wis.

VASEOfJS ITEMS.

srjpj^ EAi: GLEAMINGS:— Do yc
JSJjjSJl little ileraufrod, inasmuch
»— -y has taken Jasper Ilazon a;

% EAlw. GLEAMINGS :— Do you not think Novice a
as in years past he
jper liazon and others to task, for
clainxing that certain liulds were overstocked with
hees, and liOit' oil page 110, jircsenl Vol., he says, "we
liavo satisfied ourselves that our bees seldom work
more than one anil a hall miles from home :-" Jf this
is the case, why would not 10 or "21) stocks overstock a
held in a poor locality? Now, we do not believe iu
overstocking a liekl with '.;o swarms, lor the reason
that facts prove that bees go, from choice, at least four
miles.

VV^e will give the facts and let the readers decide
who is right. Tho spring after the Italian bee was in-
troduced near us, (that being at least three miles in a
straight line) and belore we luxd any Italians, we were
watching the bees at work on apple blossoms, and
l)resentl> we saw an Italian. Upon examination we
lound that on an average, one bee in live was Italian,
and tliis, with ai»ple blossoms in profusion everywhere.
Again, in haying, as we were crating a Held ol clover,
one mile i'lom home, or lour miles IVom these same

Italians, we saw bees at work on the clover. Having
heard so nnieh about Italian's working on red clover,
we got off our machine and to our surprise counted
live Italians to two blacks, with iields red with clover
everywhere. Once more and wa have had our say.
One year ago hist August, there was not a piece of
buckwheat in sight of our apiary, and the nearest of
any amount was hv» and one-half miles in a southerly
direction, where there were from -20 to 30 acres. We
sold 1)00 lbs., and our bees wintered on at least ioOO lbs.
buckwheat honey. We will say, using the words quo-
ted above, we have satislied owrselves that bees go
from five to seven miles from home for honej', and
that when honey is plenty everywhere.

On page 111, we see Ben. S. Cole, had trouble with
his excractor. We found ourselves in the same dilem-
ma when we rec'd our extractor, but to think of short-
ening 1000 frames ^^■as more than we could endure for
one extractor, so we took off the arm and filed it off
just above where the frames revolve, and all went
well. It seems strong enough lor aught 1 can see. Of
course the hole made lor the screw had to be soldered

Why does not L. C. Whiting give us the number ot
colonies he keei)s, and the avcraye amount of honey
obtained from them ? It is quite an easy matter to get
a large yield of honey from a single colony, but quite
anotiier thing to secure 2C0 lbs. box honey from each
of 100 colonies.

We see that J. N. Elliott recommended putting pie-
ces blcomb in top of boxes to start the bees working
in them sooner. No one shou'd attempt to get box
honey, without a starter for each comb that is to be
built,' and one jjiece at least, for each hive, should run
to the bottom, 11 not more than one inch wiile, that
the bees may go to the top ol' box without having to
travel around by the sidos. We use from 21 to 30 box-
es to the hive and put in, usually, three boxes full of
empty Borab to the hive.

Has any one tried our plan of introducing queens,
given on page 51, and failed ? We have not had a sin-
gle lailure alter three years trial, and think it the
least trouble olany way we have tried.

We have had about 20 inches olsnow in this sectioiT,
but it is mostly gone now, the bees having a line Hy
yesterday. G. M. Doolitxlk.

Borodino, u\\ Y., yov. VMh, 1S75.

A radius of l)o miles would cover an area
of nearly 5000 acres ; are not you the one who
is deranged, friend J)., when you intimate that
20 colonies might overstock such an areaV
When Avhite clover and linden are in bloom
we have not found many Italians more than a
mile from home, Ijut late iu the season when
forage is scarce, we have found them as far a>
8I4 miles. Friend Shaw lives about o miles,
we think, from a swamp that yields much fall
honc}', but he has for two seasons past found
them to do so much better within one mile,
that he has made a suitable wagon and now
moves them the two miles into the yard of
Mr. Daniels, of Lodi; will the parties correct
us if we arc wrong V In our own vicinity we
cannot find that the yield per hive is any less
in apiaries of 100 stocks, than where only
a half dozen are kept. We have reports iu
our back numbers, of linden honey having
been brought over G miles, but it was decided
we think, that such long flights vv'cre rapidly
destructive to the wings of the bees— you have
all observed how they get worn down to jag-
ged stubs during the linden bloom. Those
who have been moving bees can i)robably give
us light on this, which is really an impoMant
subject. ISo long as there is such diversity iu
the size of frames it is reallj^ diflicult to avoid
an occasional blunder, but friend D's plan is
much the easiest where there are many
frames all alike, and toe will try to leave a
larger margin in future.

Mr. Whiting has only ai)out a dozen colo-
nies now, as he was obliged to destroy his
whole apiary to rid it of foul brood; it has
rp.ge'.l fearfully "n '^ome pi.rts of Mich.

6875.

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

153

II^:a;C|# erf (K-S*5ii:llf

FROM DIFFERENT FIELDS^

*-r\ EAK E.l)ITOa:— Ihad 11 swarms in the spring
M! m which I incrcaserl to 33 good strong swarms. I
*~^ have taken soniethinsr over (500 Il)s. of box honey,
Ijut the early iVost cut off Hie fall gatlienng. My bees
are in the " Langstroth hive— mostly Italians, shall
Italianize all in "the spring. I had "a lively time in
.August, two anil three swarms eoming out at a time.
1 lost some. I winter in the cellar, did not lose one
■.-iwainn last winter. Have offered 10 swanus of pure
Italians for ssle at $1'2.00 jter swarm, as I cannot get
•ihem all into my winter <juarters. They are good
strong swarms. I Isad one swarm in a glass hive on
I'xhibition at onr rount.y Fair. It was very much ad-
snired. They gave the "first premium on mj- honey in
jJakcr <& Dicer's section honey box. I hope to send
you some more subscribers for G leaxin'gs. I divided
•<ny bees, and in August they took the work into their
ovvn liands, but most of them to tlieir astonishment,
found themselves back in their hive minus the Queen
".oils. T. D. Ward, Lawton, Mich., Oct. "iTth, '75.

Last April I bouglit three swarms of black bees in
box hives. 1 moved them home fourteen miles in a
wpring wagon, transferred them into Americnn liives
in May, and in June divided each swarm. In
July my six divided themselves, that is, swarmed.
The twelve swarms are in good condition for winter
oxcejtt one, which has too few bees. Last week I bo't
a large swarm of a man for a half dollar, took them
out of the hive and took out the houej' for liim. I
brouglit them home in a box, made a hive double
M'idth and jiut a wire c'otk partition through tlie mid-
<lle, put in my small swarm, then wet the swarm that
was in the l)ox with sweetened water and i)ut one-
fourth in with the small swarm, and the balance with
ilieir Queen into the other ))nrt of the hive. I took
<'ombs from other liives for the new swarm. They
<dustered as one swarm but the cloth kept tliem apart.
They seem to like their new home, the entrances to
the hive are on tlie front, r.re 24 inches apart and a
board separates them on the door step.

W. A. Ei>i>i-, Easton, AYis., Oct. 19th, '75.

Put a solid tight division board in place
of, or besides the wire cloth, or you
will be pretty sure to lose one of the two colo-
nics ; see page 74, Vol. 3.

The Los Angeles (Cai.) Herald saj-s that at the pres-
i*nt rate of increase it is estimated there will be in
four years one million stands of bees in Los Angeles,
^^auta Barbara, and San Bernardino counties, which
will produce annuallv one hundred million pounds of
honey, worth 5"2O,00t),0O0, which is more than the val-
«;c of the sugar and molasses crop of Louisiana, Texas,
and Florida combined.

As a general thing we object to publishing
predictions, whether like the above, or to the
<!ffect that the honey business is overdone and
is, about to sink into insignificance, as our
friend Heddon seems to think. There are two
extremes in this as in all other things, and we
think it much the most profitable to consider
the present, to expect just about such seasons
as we have been having, and to be prepared for
foirer prices, if they come ; if they don't come,
we will try and stand that. When items like
the above come floating about in the papers
encouraging either extreme, we thiuk it a duty
to give a little caution.

I got some half dozen dollar Queens of Dr. J. P. II.
Brown, of Augusta, Ga., and safely introduced
;dl but one. I also got of Mr. J. H. Nellis.' Canajohario,
X. Y., a dozen or more, lost out of the lot some three
or four. .Vlso got of Dadant & Son, an iuijjortcd
i^.icen. Those 1 got of Brown all turned out well, all
i)eing well marked. Those of Nellis also; in fact two
that I got of Xellis show as fancy a bee as I ever saw,
being very lifiht. while huo of his Queens were very
<lark, the progeny of which are a dark leather col-
ored bee. In ordering of Dadant, T wrote for a light
colored (}uecn but didn't get It. Xow we have all
been educated to look upon the pure Italian as a
liyht golden colored bee, but latterly I notice (luitc a

number speaking of them as a dark Uo': Would like
to hear from you and others through Gleaninos on
this subject.

AVm. J. Andrews, Columbia, Tcnn., Oct. 21st, '75.

"We have never seen a genuine imported
Queen that was light colored, hut tlieir daugh-
ters, many of them, will be <(uite ligiit, and by
selecting these to rear from we can get grand-
daughters that are as yellow and golden as any
one could wish. Our objection to these beau-
tiful light colored bees, is^that they are lazy ;
when v/inter conies they have to be fed, while
the dark bees with three leather colored bands
are all in winter trim. T)o you know that 100
colonies of bees that will gather enough in the
fall to winter are a much stronger argument
than 100 of "golden bees" that need 10 lbs. of
sugar each ?

Seventy-five cents for your bee veils is too much.

Geo. Pekkv, Peru, Ills.

That is right, talk out just what you think.
The principal expense of the veils is the silk
1ace for the face, and unless we use some cheap-
er material, we cannot well get them up reatly
to mail for less than about 00 cents. If you
try looking through diflerent material, wire-
cloth, etc., you will at once see why we have
decided on something that is light and strong,
even though expensive. "When looking for
Queens and eggs, we v,'ant all the eyes we've
got, and if there must be an obstruction, it
should be the least possible. Send us a cheap-
er one and if as good we will adopt it and
thank you.

The brood you sent me came ou Wednesday, so I
conclude it was three days on the road. The box was
all in pieces, the paiier was around the comb all right,
but; the largf-st of the grubs were nearly out of the
cells. I gave it directly to the bees and they started
six cells, in ten days 1 put five of them in a sniall lamp
nursery. The next day on looking in I was surprised
to Und one of the Queens out, and she had gnawed in-
to and destroyed two of the cells. I took the young
Queen to the hive where my uon-laying Queen was,
and after removing her, let the ^oung Queen go on
one of the combs. The bees cattght her right away,
and for fear they would kill her I put her in a cage,
let her stay over night, then sweetened the bees and
left the cage open. In a day or two she was missing.
Of the others suffice it to say I have but one. Please
tell me if it makes any diflerence whether the cells
are put into the nursei-y as soon as sealed, or if they
arc within 21 hours of hatching.

S. H. HoiTGU, Kootstown, O., Oct. 9th, 1875.

Your Queen behaved precisely as ours do
when they have been hatched too long ; if you
look at your nursery the last thing at night
and first thing in the morning we think you
will have no such trouble, providing you put
them into the hive as soon as they arc found
out of the cell. Your one Queen is probablj'
worth all your trouble, and you will be sure
to do better next time. If the cells are kept
carefallj' at a temperature of from 90 to 100 de-
grees, we think they are just as good as if left
in the hive, but if you cannot be sure of this
you had better let the bees have them until
they are ready to hatch.

Saw your ailvertisement in American Aariculturist,
of Gleanings in I'.ee Ciltuke.

The above was all that was to be found ou
the postal , not another scrap of informatjon
of any kind to be seen. It is quite consoling
to our feelings, unknown friend, to hear that
you did notice it, but for the life of us wc are
unable to cipher out how we are to serve you,
unless you will be kind enough to tell us who
you are and where you live.

154

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

Dec.

A. I. ROOT, Sir :— The Alsike clover }'0u sent me is
full of sorrel, ami any one havinjc eyes can see it, too.
Now, Mr. lioot, if you don't send me one jjound of
pure Alsike, I will advertise you in every Bee Journal
in the United States. The land on which we sowed it,
never produced sorrel and now the ground is covered
with it, and scarcely a clover plant to be seen. I pull-
ed two bushels of soiTel out ot the patch in about live
weeks after it was sown. I don't care for the money,
but would give $j.00 to have the land rid of the sorrel.

I thought you were honest but find you not. I was
about to send for your Gleanivgs, but linding you
dishonest I don't want to read it.

M. E. LoEUR, Palestine, Ind., Xov. 1st, '75.

We have raatiy tlmB^ spoken with pride, of
never having had one unreasonable customer
in all our dealings with bee-lveepers ; tliat is,
after we had shown a spirit of liberalitj' in
settling all misunderstandings. Oar experi-
ment on humanity depends on the decision of
our friend who writes the above and his
reply will be given next month.

We can find no sorrel seed with the clover,
nor does any sorrel appear when the same
seed is sown on our soil, yet we will pay Mr.
Loehr for the seed, as we proposed long ago,
and will also pay him whatever damage he
thinks is right, if he fitill insists on it. The seed
we sell was raised in our own neighborhood,
and we don't know where to get any better.
We have sold it extensively with no other
complaint.

A. I. ROOT, The Medley of pictures of Bee-Keepers
which you so kindlj' sent'nie, came duly to hand, for
which please accept my thanks. Your picture pre-
sents an arrav of earnest workers, alike creditable to
the cause and to the enterprise of getting up the same.

I note the niche with a name therein. It wei-e well
to leave a niche for the persou who may hereafter ad-
vance the cause of bee culture, l)ut it certainly is
premature to thus insert a nauie.

I am pleased to note the improvements made from
time to time, in the matter of vour Journal.

J. S. H.vuiuso.v, San Diego, Cal., Xov. 2d, '75.

Whatever may be Mr. Harbison's opinion in
the matter, we feel sure that the l>ee-keepers of
our country would be very glad indeed to have
the privilege of placing friend H's photo in the
vacant niche. "

I am a subscriber to Gleanings, and have read it
carefully this summer and fall, with a view to making
a start next spring as nearly right as possible, with
the experience of others as "my guide. My great
trouble is to decide upon a hive and the dimensions of
my frames. You talked the "Simplicity" into me,
then upset my convictions on ttiat point, with the
Standard or long hive, with small frames, (as per
Lithograph rec'd). I hear a good deal of Moon's
improved (Thomas) hive, and am examining that.
The more 1 look into the (juestion, the more befogged
1 become. And now 1 ask you, shall I take the Sim-
plicity, or long hive ? The Jj. frame was thought best
in a northern climate. Would not a smaller size be
better here, where less stores are needed to carrv a
swarm through the winter? I can get the material
(including IG frames) for a two story S. hive for less
than a dollar. Can put it togetlier myself. I will not !
look further, if you will advise me decidedly. \

Of course I want Italians. Shall I get aii imported
queen from Dadant next spring, or trust to cheaper
stock ? I have 10 black colonies and can buv as many
more as may be necessary at a low price, in box
hives, etc.

Excuse me for troubling yo)i, but I am new in the
cause, and I see yoti sometimes very kindly auswer
very simple (to you) questions.

R. Thomson, Terry, Miss., Nov. Otli, '75.

The question in regard to hives is one that
troubles all, we Ijelieve, unless it be those Avho
are tied to some particular one by a patent or
some motive of self-interest. If we mistake
not, our ablest minds have decided that it
makes very little dirtercncc to the bees what
the hive is, providing it bo made c:)mfortable

for them, i. e., we maj' have good results from
any or all the frames in use, and we may have
the hive spread out, or two story, as we line!
most convenient, providing we give them a
convenient entrance, an amoitnt of room suited
to their numbers, with more space as fast as
increasing numbers demand it, shade, venti-
lation, etc., so that finally, all we have to de-
cide, of any moment, is what hive will best
enable their owner to give them these little
attentions with the least labor. Now if any
one can tell us whether the demand in future
is going to be for comb, or liquid honey, wo
can tell very quickly what hive icc would ad-
vise. For the exclusive use of the extractor,
the Standard hive without hesitation ; but if
Mr. Long's x'"oundations arc to prove all that
they promise, we should go back to the good
old Langstroth frame, and in fact all things
considered, we believe that whatever can !)•.>
done with any frame iwi}^ also be done with
this. If it shall be demonstrated that side box-
es have really a positive advantage over top
boxes only, we can make some of our hives
double width and two story ; when we have
then placed the brood combs in the middle of
the lower story, we shall have room for our
section boxes, both at the sides and on top.
We have used nothing as convenient for new
swarms and for wintering, as the one story, 10
frame Simplicity hive, unless it be the house
apiary. With this you can put on boxes or
sections, as you wish, and have no outer case
whatever to bother with. Don't buy (ini/
"rights."

I have had an imported queen. Got her about tho
15th ot July and introduceil her to young bees am!
brooil only : but they commenced ciueea raising at
the start and kept it up. I took out some cells, cut
out some and united, and took only young bees and
brood again; but they kept it up andbeat me at last.
In about a month she was gone and they raised anoth-
er one. Now, why was it so ? We poor fellows feel a
'■'leetle blue'''' to pay $10. for a queen and keep her only
a mouth. Tell us" in Gleanings how to do better.
Bnt I must have another from somewhere for she laid
more eggs in 30 days by odds than any other queen I
ever had, and she was one of Oadant's blank ones at
that. J. J. WiiiTSON, Valley Mills, Ind., Nov. 3d, '75.

We cannot answer the question as to why
they sometimes persist in trying to supersede
a very prolific (jueen. This season \y& found
a lot of queen cells in a hive, and a young-
queen just hatchad — concluded we had lost
the (jueen while extracting, but while we
were hunting up the young queens, we found
eggs and brood, and linally the old queen
herself. To test the matter we kept her fo r
several months after, and she proved herself
as prolific as usual to the last. We killed her
a few days ago because she was over 3 year.s
old, and we feared she might die before spring,
but we are still feeling sorry we did so.

MR. A. I. ROOT:— .Vbout that extractor you sent me
last Sept.: it came all right except a few slight bruis-
es. I took it home and trioil it the same" day, and
wh.it do j'ou think it did? Well sir, the way it slung
the honey was a caution to the— bees. It is a little too
nice for "me to describe on jiaper, it works like a
charm. I am so well pleaseil with it I have to show it
to all who come, and all the bee men here who have
seen it say the.y will liavo one. I think you will get
orders for several from this vicinity next .season.

The honey knife also does nice work without hot ov
colli water." Tlianks for the sample frame with metal
comers. I think they are a great improvement. You
wjU i)robably get orders for some of them ne.xt spring
if bee.« don'tall die this winter.

Jno. J5i:iN tnall, Hudson, Il'.s., Oct. ilst, "7.>.

J 875

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

15G

IN i;ic(i\ui> lo Kir LINO dkonks.
I h;ivo oCU'ii wad tliat 1)i'l's kill Ihcir <ironcs as soon
«s loviiue liecoines scarce, bul willi iiic, tliis suinnu'r,
jt lias lit'cn (luiie tlio tcvcrse. I>uiiiij; tho blossoniiiig
viliiiy silver liiill ljuck\\lic;ii, vvliilo juy bees were so
busy Ilii'v }i;iv(lly knew what to tlo, they commenced
kilSin,:;- iheir lii-ones. Tliey tore ever> drone cell open,
i.ulleu out youn;,^ <lroiies by the hundiedand sloreil
lioney in j/lu<je of t)ieiii. "l was well supplied witii
.snri)lus boxes, Vuit some ol' them lhoiii;ht they could
do more than lill ihe boxes, an<l eonunenced building
<_omb outsiilo of the lu\es. 1 told my wile that 1 ilid
wi?h 51r. A. 1. ]ioot weie here with one of his extrael-
ois; we would make him believe lie was in Calil'ornia.
I tlnnk if I could have liad ICO colonics this summer,
J slioukl liave made money enough to travel throiigli
ilic United .Stales and see some of my brother bee-
keepors. D. N. IvEKN, Sliimniersville, Lehigli Co. Pa.

The Queenslan<l government has appointed as Com-
missioner to represent our country at tlie Philadel-
phia Exhibition, one of tlie most practical and
t'Xlierienceil men in the colony, A. Mokz, Es((., who
will leave here by the steamer ftlikado, on the -ioih
of Oct. Mr. Mokz will make a tour of such of the
iitates of the Union as may be likely to furnish, iu the
shape of progressive aid'culture and settlement, les-
sons woriliy of our adoiJtion. Now Novice, if any of
your apiarian frieu<ls can jiack a colony or two of It-
idians so tliat they uill tiainl a journey of ;djout (5
weeks, 1 hope tliey will not l^e backward in saying so.
JMr. Mokz will wait in ban Francisco 10 or ]j days if
l<ees can be sent down iu time lor him to shij) them
lelore he proceeds lanlier. Now 1 hope you will
have tlie kindness to give this publication "iu your
lioney Journal, lor it will not only prove beuelicial to
u.^, but to you also. Will yoii kinilly inlorm our Com-
missionci "where a foot-power buzz saw for liive mak-
ing can be had:-" 1 want it complete, all rcatly for
M'ork. In conclusion 1 liave to say that those wishing
lo prepare bees for (^Uieensland "will please a<ldress
their letters to the Qneeusland Commissioner, Frairie
I'armer's office, Chicago Ills., and Calilornia Farmer's
oliicc, San Francisco, Cal. J. Cahuoi.l,

Mohawk Valley, Knoggera, Queensland, f>ept.l4, iS.

Find enclosed my report lor -ri '75, showing that
oven in norlh-wesleni Iowa, bees can be kei;t and
make a lair showing. Commenced bee-keeping in tlie
summer of lS7-t, by the purchase of one colony of black
bees. From this colony i'2 lbs. of honey were taken
itnd an increase of one colony. These two colonies
were wintered in cellar aiui came ont in the spring
in fair condition, in spring of Is^TS adtled by purchase,
two colonies, one Italian and one black. IJuring the
reason the stock was increased to !> colonies with am-
ide stores lor winteiing. In audition to increase J
have taken 105 lbs. of nice comb honey in boxes and
.small frames. One colony of blacks gave €9 lbs. iu
i-niall frames. This stock" was not divided tiutil the
last of Aug. I go into winter quarters witli 10 colo-
nies, one small colony of pure Italians purchased from
Mrs. E. b. Tupuer, oi Des Moines, rec'd in Aug., and
Iiuilt up now very strong. 1 will sav right here, thai I
juefer the Italians, Irom the fact that they will keep
I heir hives clear ol the moiii worm by i^oliloly sliowiug
liicm the way out. .Success to vou in, wintering.

D. PATTKiisoN, Algoua. Iowa, Nov. 'id, 75.
Kccapitulation, 1S75.

Cr.

liy 10 colonies (a. $10 SlOO.CO.

"■ 10,5 lbs. iiouey C". -jc 41,25.— 141,i5.

Dr.

To 4 colonies in spring S40,CC.

" 1 colony pure Italiuns 12,C0.

Material for hives 7.50.

JJec Journals and books 3,20.— C2,75.

Balance in favor of bees S7ri,50.

Should the bees be kciit in the lower story luitil tho
fiwarmiiig season is over?

It your object is increase of stocks by natii-
jul swarniiug, not otherwise; and we do not
Imow wliy you need an ui)f)er story in .such a
case, for after a swarm had left, they would be
unlikely to go into an upper storj- at all.

Should empty frames be put in the centre, or at the
■ides ?

If you put an empty frame in the centre it
will likely be lilled soonest, but it would be
pretty sure to be lilkd with drone comb if the

colony is strong. Therefore, you sliould eitlier
provide yourself with empty worker comb lor
this purjiose, or use the comb-foundations.

How can I prevent my bees building so mucli drone
comb y

.See the articles on this subject in Vol. II, and
answer given above.

>\'hat makes my bees swarm so often wlien lliey
have l)-om one to three empty frames in brood chain"-
ber, and llieir tiutsen cells uestroyed every week :- 1
notice where they are so persistent in swurming the
iiueeu lays but few eggs.

As we have often said before, we knov/ of
no certain remedy- for swarming except the
extractor. To keep the queen laying without
it, you will have to let them swarm, and when
they have commenced work in the new locality
cany the parent hive to them, uulinished Ijox-
es and all.

We at one time had six glass vases on a hive,
but the bees were dissatisfied with the glass
sides and swarmed out before they were half
filled. We put them back, but iliey soon came
out again and the third time they w ere allowed
to settle and then hived in a new locality ;
when thej- were fairly located, the old hive,
vases and all, was brought to them; they went
iu at once and went to v.'ork as though they
had a new hive instead of the old vases they
had been so determined not to finish. We once
before made a similar experiment, and tlie bees
that were bent on having a new hive, even
when they had an empty Irame l)etween every
two combs, went to work with vigor after the
hive had been moved a rod or two and they
had been shaken down in front of it ; to manage
thus, the queen's wings should be clipped, and
the apiary must be pretty closely watched du-
ring the swarming season.

In letting them up iuti> the supers, would you put
one frame of comb in the centre, or at one siae, or
none at all ^

If you use the extractor, put as many empty
combs into the upper stories as you can get,
a lull set for all il possible, but since experi-
ments of the present season, we rather think
wc would not raise up any of the brood combs.
It disturbs brood rearing, and if the quoeu
should be disposed to keep below, tt may be
just as well or better, and if we extract only the
upper combs, there will be much less danger ot
the bees getting short in the fall, and the}' wiii
not be obliged to depend entirely on stores lia-
ble to be gathered late and left unsealed.

What does extracted lioncy generally sell ;.t, per lb.,
when nicely put up in one ami two lb. glass jars .'

Kead the letters in back numbers, and you

can see wluit honey ?iafi sold for.

"What is the best remedy for bee stings?

C. W. Hr i>so^, 31edon, Teim., May 14th, '7.').

Get the stings out and then pay no further
attention to them v/hatever, but go on with
j'our work.

My bees are not in as good condition as one year
ago. A good deal of unsealed honey. 1 could not iire-
vent it, tliey w-oiild not seal il. 1 fed them, but the
weather wsis so cold could not make tlicm seal it.

J. Ij. WoLl'KNDKN, Adams, Wis., Nov. lOih, '75.

AYe fear your hives arc too large, or your bees
too few in iiumbers, friend W. If you fed them,
did you not defer it until too late? If it is nat-
uraf stores to which you refer, it may be rather
a hard matter lo manage, but we would at all
events crowd them up into a small space tow-
ards the approach of cool wcat.'ier.

iSG

GLEAHIKGS IN BEE CTJLTL'RE.

Dec.

Dear Sir:— City Bee-Keeper, in October No. of
ti LEANINGS, is right in saying that honey contains
])ollen, as it has been shown by optical and chemical
nnalysis; but not in consiilerabe (jiiantities, as analy-
sis has shown not much over 1 to I'A per cent ; andit
depends on what flowers the nectar was gathered
from to i>rodiice the honey. I say produced, as it has
been shown by analysis that honey is a produ(;tion of"
the bee and not, as is generally supposed, iilentical
with the nectar of flowers. More than lialf of the
sweet matter contained in the nectar is in a state of
cane sugar, while this sugar is generally absent or in
a very minute proportion in honey. The nectar con-
tains no glucose, while honey contains it in excess.
It City Bee-Keeper tinds more than 15 to 55 ]>er cent,
;iccording to the honey, of glucose, he may rest assured
that the honey is adulterated with glucose. I will
shortly give more explanation in regard to the differ-
ence between the nectar when collected from llowei's
and honey after being deposited in the cells.

I will conclude by stating that the Grand Southern
State, and Industrial Exposition will be held in Kew
Orleans on Feb. itith, 1870, and continue 10 days. And
as apiculture is taking a new impetus in this state, I
think it would be well for apiarians to expose their
.ipiarian supplies to introduce them.

To those who arc not able to attend the exposition,
I offer my services to represent their hives, extract-
ors, etc. For my part I have nothing but honey to
expose. I use Novice's Standard hive and extractor,
hut will not expose them unless Novice sends me one
for that tmrijose. Paul Viallon.

P. S." I'.Iy object in offering my services to bee-keep-
ers, is not to make nioney, as l" offer them gratis, but
to stimulate bee-keeking in tlie south.

Bayou Goiila, La., Oct. 18th, '75.

We cto know that ti great variety of syrups

fed to bees Uisic precisely the same after liaviiii;-

been taken from the cells, but do not know

about the chemical composition being altered.

'Sugar fed to bees is never made into honey.

We are quite willing that our goods shall
be exhibited if the owner thinks them worthy,
but we prefer letting them make their way on
their own merits.

A. I. ROOT, Dear Sir:— I commenced an Aijiary last
spring by buying a swarm in a box hive. While wait-
ing for it to swarm I i)urchased two j'oung swarms
and pnt them in frame hives, bnt I have nothing from
the box; been waiting and watching for a swarm up
to the present time, but none yet, unless it came out
while i was celebrating on the 5tli. I left them at 10
to 12 o'clock, they appeared as though they might
have swarmed and gone to the woods, but am "not cer-
tain. If it did swarm at that time it ought to have
sent out another before this time, lor the hive is strong
in bees and stores, even crowded ; l)ut they act queerly
to me. I can see no reason why they do not swarm.
There has been much swarming" here this season and
the honey harvest continues gooil. They seem to ))e
very much excited, running over the outside ot the
hive with their wings raised and chasing each other
around; so cross can not go near them. Thej' play
out in the afternoon, have plenty of <lrones and appear
to be carrying out immature ones, as I lind them in
front of the hive. Do you think they are (Jueenless?
If they are, and have not swarmed at all, they ought
to have brood from which to raise another. If they
have swarmed they mjiy be without Queen or brood,
the young Queen perliaps having been lost.

N. A. PiiULtDEN, Ann Arbor, Mich., .July 2:.'d, "75.

The above gives a very fair sample of the
inconveniences of a box hive. Had it been a
frame hive our friend could have looked it
over much easier than to have written us for
advice. There is probably nothing wrong
with the bees more than that they have filled
their hive, and concluded to take it easy, cal-
cnlaling that you can neither make thera
swarm nor gather honey unless they choose.
Why did you not transfer them and malx them
do something? If we lived in Mich, we should
try to give our bees a proper understanding of
what was expect&tl of them.

I rec'd your July sample of Gi-eaninos.> Tlien for-
warded S5.0() by mail in registered letter, v.'hich you
rec'd. Now I want and sliuU insist, on ail the Journals

or their equivalent. You there offer in your clubbing-
list, the Bee World and National Jiee Jtnirnul, whicl>j
have not yet been received. Jekemy Lake.

North Eastoii, Mass., Nov. 1st, '75.

Friend Lake we hardly think you naean to
write uiikindly, but when one is doing the
very best he knows how, do you know how
such harsh expressions hurt':' Your letter
reached us on the 21st of Oct., and we prompt-
I3' sent orders to all the other Journals ; as
such things unavoidably take tin^e to get
round, it is not very strange that all had not
reached you at the date you write, especially
the Bee World, as it is so fav South. When you,
think you have waited long enough, drop us a
postal of course. lint please speak pleasantly.
Yon perhaps do not realize that we make it a
study to avoid mistakes and misunderstanding,,
and that when anything does get wrong, we at
once set al)out righting it. Anythiug on our
price lists, we can usually forward promptly,
but after we have sent the orders for other
Journals, we have done all that we can do.
At the very low price we offer honey labels,
there is often a delay in their manufacture,
and as a stock cannot be made up ahead, they
are at some seasons unavoidably delayed from
one to three weeks. It is only by careful prompt-
ness, that we can feel that pride and independ-
ance that every business man should feel, aiul
harsh words are never needed to such an one.

FRIEND N'OVICK :-Did you ever make honey
vinegar l-' I think it has been made froni washings of
cappings. and I liave seen a recipe in Adair's Annals^
5 lbs. of honey to 20 gallons of water, but Burch ir^
his book "Money in the Apiary,'"' sayis 5 gallons of
honey for a barrel. Now 5 gallons of honey equals''
about (>0 lbs., rather dear vinegar. I have some very
dark old honey, would it make good vinegar? I wisU
vou would teli ns '-what you knovs' about it."

J. H. Maktin, liartford, N. Y., June 12th, '75,

As good cider is usually sold here for aboi^t
f|2.00 per barrel, or less than 7 cts. per gallon,
we can hardly imagine how honey can be used
profitably for vinegar. Where it is for any
reason rendered unfit for market, it can be
saved until the proper time and fed to the bees.
For this purpose or at least for spring feeding,
it is worth nearly as much as sugar syrup, say
7 cts. per lb. Such refuse we have alwayr-i
found to work in nicely in the spring. In
washing honey utensils we frequently get ;i.
solution of honey so diluted that it would sour
if we attempted to keep it, and in such casesrv
we can probably do no better than to work it
into vinegar as we would cider. Also, if we
are so unfortunate ;is to have extracted any
honej^ so thin as to have it get sour, it will
perhaps be best to make it into vinegar. The
proportion Mr. ]'>urch gives is correct, about
one of honey or molasses to live of water for
good vinegar, but cheai) molasses will probtibly
do equally well. So long as your honey can
be sold for, say 7 cts. per lb., it Avill not pay to
make it into vinegar, unless it gives some qual-
ity that will enable it to command an extr;t.
price in the market.

DO TOADS EAT KEES ?

Last Slimmer, in the montli of Aug., I think, at dusk,
on a very warm sultry evening, as I was walkinu;
among my bees, I discovered one hive in quite an up-
roar, and could not see the cause until I made a clos<-
inspection. It was a I^angstrotli hive and on the por-
tico was perched an enormously large toad, facing and
snapping at the bees, but it was too liark for me to set-
whether he took them in liis mouth. 1 went to the
house for a lantern but when I returned it was all quiet
and his toadship gone. ^Ym. Pavne, Spencer, Ohio,

AD VEU TTSERS ' DEPAR TMENT.

Wc will scud Gl.KANINGS—

AVithThc Am.-rican Bi'C Journal (S-2.0n) Si-.W

•• Till- noe Kc--i>ev's Magazine ( 1.50) 2.(K)

•• Tlu' IJei' World ( -i-dO) l.'l^

" All tlnci". The IJc-e Journals of Auu'rica 5.00

" AuKM-ican Aiiriculturist (?l.(:i)) Si.li)

" I'rairii' Fannor (?-2.l5) J'i.r..')

" Rural New Yorker (?i.:>0) :i.(KI

" Scientilie American ($."5.15) ;!.(!•')

" Fruit Uccovderand Cottage Gardener ISI.OO).. 1.50
[Above rates include all Posta^je.}

Books for Bee-Keepers.

SP:XT jioi-tiiaid on reniiit of iirirc.

Lau'isiti-oth on the Ilivo and Iloiicy ISee ^2.00

(,)uiul)v's Mvsteries of r>ee Kcepin.n- 1.50

l?ee Keeper's Text Br.ok, muslin 7.>

»• " " " paiier, 40

These are the best, but are all far beliind tlyj tiuies.

Good Books,

These, thoua:l\ not specially desiirned for Bee-
keepers, have a teiulency to inculcate princi-
ples that ensure success in bee-keeping as well
as almost all other rural pursuits.

The first on the list should be in the hands
of every one who has ]ilanted .irrapc vines to
shade the hives, as we have advised.

Any of these books will be forwarded by mail, post-
paid', on receipt of price.

Faller^s (ira)ie Culturist Sl.50

Fuller's Small Fruit Culturist 1.50

Fullei-'s Strawberry Cvdtuvisl l.-O

Fuller's Forest Tree Culturist 1.50

Henderson's Gardeninsr for Profit 1.50

Hen<lerson"s Practical Floriculture 1.50

Tiin IJunker Papers 1-50

Ten Acre- F.nou,L',h l-'-)

Koosevelfs Five Acres too Much 1-50

Art of Saw Fil in-- (Holly) 75

Wimlow G.irileninu: 1-50

Leuchar's Howto Iniiid Hot-Houses J.50

Plav and Profit in my (iarden. Rev. E. P. Roe..l..50

'•Varinfr's Braining for Profit and Health 1.50

Onion Culture 20

Purdy's >?mall Fruit Instructor 25

^Ok-ID'V^E^lTISElVLElSrTS.

Advertisements will be received at the rate of ten
cents per line, Xonpariel space, each insertion, cash
in advance; and we require that every Advertiser
satisfies us of his responsibility and intention to do
all that he agrees, and that Ms" goods are really worth
the price asked for them.

Averill Oliemical I^aint-

THE OAV.l'RELIAP.EE.
THK ^T()ST P.EA! T!FT L.
THE MOST E('t)\():\nUAL.
THE MOUT DURABLE.

Retinires no oil thinner or drier,
Reciuire-5 no waste of time in mixing,
Has stoofl ciciht years' criticisms
With yearly increased popidarity
And yearly increased sales.
Is sold by the gallon only, in packages of from 1 to
<> gallons "each, in Purest AVhite and any Color or
Tint ilesired.
.V.ldress, for sample card of colors and price list,

A.-verill C'lK^n^it^al T*aiiit Co..
fJllice and Factory 132 & 131 East River Street,

CLEVELAND, OHIO. C-6-'76

"^'VmSYARD APIAEY?'

<^)ne Queen...
Two Queens.
Three '• .

.Jo.OO
. 9.00
.12.00

Roared in full <x>lonies.

Or sent in full co'onips at ^l.'^.OO each. Addrf-.ss
JOSEPH M. BROOKS, Box 130, Columbus, Ind. 9-8

FU£.I^ fi'iro<;K.S of as good yellow bees as arc
produced in anv countrv at >-i.";.flO each.-
2p " J. :,L MARVIN, St. Chra'lcs, Ills.

Names of resixmsible jiartieH will be Inserted In
cither of the following dei)arrnients. at a uniform
price of lOc. each insertion, or :*l.oo ))er year.

I^'amen inserted in this department the JirsI lime
wifhoiU clutrgc.

Those whose names attjiear below, agre<' to furni-Ii
Italian (Queens \hv couihig season for Si. 00 eacli. tui-
der the following conditions; No unarantee is to be
assumed of purity, safe <leliver\- or any thing of the
kind, only that the (Jueen be rearecl from a Choice.
l)nrc mother. They also agree to return the monev at
anytime when cnstonicr-^ become impatient of such
delay as may be unavoidable.

Bear in n"iind that he who sends the liest Queens.
put up neatest and most securely, will (irobablv re-
ceive the most orders. Special rates for warranted
and tested Queens, furnished on application to anv ol
the parties. Names with *, use an Imported Queen
mother. It wanted by mail, send 10c. extra.
G. W. Dean, River Stvx. :Me<Iina Co., Ohio.
* J. Oatman *»!: Co.. Di'uidi'c. Ills. 312

*l)r. .1. P. II. Brown. Auunsta. Georgia. !)if

*IM. !<;. McMaster, Shelltyville. Missouri. 2tl

*Eli Coble, Cornersville', Marshall Co., Tenn. 2tl

*E. W. Hale. 'Wirr ( '. H.. West Va. (!-(!

*H. Nesbit, Cynthiana, Ky.

Who agree to make .such hivs. and at the prices
named, as those described on our circular.
AVm. D. Zell, Lancaster. Pa. fp-Il

H. Palmer, Hart, Oceana Co., Mich. 1I-*

^AWi^rf 25 with your name printed on them for
warU.!i. 15 cents. R. W. CLARK, Medina, Ohio.

MESS S. K. Fi:t,5>Kff«. DKSIGNiyG AXD
EXORAVIXO OX If'OO/). 25 Bond Street,
Room 3. N. Y. Awarded Meilal of Merit at Vienna
Exposition. 1S73. Orders by mail promptly executed,
at reasonable rales, from sketches or photographs.
Electrotypes supplied. •

"^SiikSP K0)M'E^" J^AMP®

1 lb. Round Jars per gross §5.50

2" " " " '• 7.50

Corks " '' 75c. and l.oo

li Pt. Honey Tumblers, plain or ribbed, jjer doz. . 4o

(i do/,, in a box. Packages 40

)4 Pt. Honev Tumlilers. plain or ribbc'l, pew doz. . 50

(i doz. in a box. Packages 45

Ja Pt. Honey Tumblers." Tin Toik ijer doz (''5

i> doz. in a box. Packages 40

j^ Pt. Honey Tumblers, Tin To|), iter ^ioz 75

G doz. in a box. Packages 45

Also Window (;inss, Lam)) Chimnevs. and Glass-
ware of all kinds. For sale l.v B. L. FAHENSTOClv,
late B. L. Fahenstock. Fortune <t Co., Glass Manufac-
turers, 76 Wood St., Pittsburgh, Pa. lltf

You cannot look over the back No's of Gr.EANlNGS
or any other Periodical wilh satisfacti(Mi. unless they
are in some kind of a Binder. Who has not said—
"Dear luc what a iiother— I must have last
montirs Journal and it's no where to be found." Put
each No. in the Emerson Binder as soon as it comes
and vou can sit down happy, any time you wish to fin<l
anv ihin^- you may have previoiisly seen even though
it were months ago.

Binders tor (;i.i;an'IN"GS (will hold (hem for four
vears) gilt lettered, free by mail for .50. (io, and 75c. ac-
cor<ling to (lualitv. For table of prices ol Binders for
anv Periodical, "see d-t. No.. \'<>1. 2. Send in your
ord'TS. A. I. ROOT, Medina, O.

AliVxHRTISEIiS' DEPARTMENT.

MUTH'S ADVERTISEMENT.

H o ]sr e"y^ jars.

«ine pound {sqnarc) Jars, per grass, SO.50

Tvvo " " " •' S.">'l

One " '• •' Flint crlJi'^s per gros.s !l.U',)

'i^-;\-o "■ " " •• ' U.OO

f'orkf) f(Tr 1 Ktt:\ 2 lb. .iai's 75

'iHn Foil Caps, [icr {^'oss l."-iO

IjJibels, " " "■">

A thousand labels nddress printeil to oi-der.... o.OO

«>nc (ft. fruit jars. Mason's patent, por gross JT.OO

Jiabels for S'avne, " " •'•'>

A thousand lalxjls address printed to order 4.-i5

Uncapping- Knives, as goorl as any, each ^O

" " i)er doz - 4..50

Alsike Clover Seed, per bushel 15.()0

" petrk 4.1X1

" " " " pound... 35

Striw Mats, Bee Veils etc., at reasonable ratca.

For further parthuilars, Address.
]tf CIIAS. F. MUTII, Cincinnati, Ohio.

THE BEE-KKEPEKS' MAGAZINE, an illus-
tnted monthly journal of
)2 nctavo pagres, devoted

I \( Insively to Bee-Cul-
^AJ^K^f fy*^^^ line; edited by Alreut J.
' ^^^^ ' "^ «tv [^[v,y^ contuininp: eontri-

)Utii)ns I'rom Mrs. Ellen S.

luiper and experienced
■\mi^mF=fy !• < Keepers in Ameuua
rtV^aai^i.f , , , KirijocE. A large

^l)a( e is devoted to begin-

II ei , giving useful infor-
maiiou lust, wul'u ii. is iiios^i, iicedeil throughout the
vear. Terms $1.50 ])er year. 'I'he IJee-Keepers' Tcxt-
'l'.ook in German or JCn-jlisli, and the liec-Keepers'
Maga?:iiie 1 year $l.'iO. A Gt pagf pamiihlet (in-ice 50c)
"•ontainiiig a. beautiful life-like t'hramo of HoMey-
Pliin-lH and lt.itli«iji I$et!S in their natural (;olors,
M'ith prize essav of Mrs. Tu|)per, (iueen Hearing l)y
M. Qiiinbv. •instruction for bcgiiniers. etc.. sent free
Avith tlie "M.VGAZiNK, on trial, 4 months for iW cents.
Agents wanted— Cash commission and permanent
employment. Address.

JilNc; & SLOOUM, 61 Hudson St., X. Y.

ITAT^IAIN" liiaXO.'S.

ITALIAN (JUEIONS bred from imported motliers—
a month earlier than in the North. Purity and
safe arrival guaranteed. Al.-io full colonies ot Italians
in Tjangstrotli hives for sale at Sl5.(K) per colony.
Address Dk. J. P. II. BROWN, Augusta, C a.

Every Bee-Kceper should

subscribe for tliis Montlily.

It is the olde««t and best

scientific and practical

[Journul of Apiculture in

the World. Tlie most suc-

I cessful and experienced

Apiarians in this country

and liurope contribute to its pages. Terms, $2.00

a yea r in advance, ^^end a ^tainii for a Sainple

€«|»y. Address, THOMAS (!. NEWMAN,

1% and lOS .--oulh Clark ;-lreet, Chicago, ills.

CHEAP.

to

'0

Having more Imported Queens tlfan wc car
winter, we '.vill s«ll in October amlNoveivbber^O large-
nuclei with 4 fraines of brood ami hoiit'V, with Im-
ported l,»noens, for the low price oi'Sl.'2.0Oeaclie.

Sftfe arrival guaranteed.

Adilress CH. I>AI>ANT & SON,

Hamilton, B'an<;r?ck Co.. 111.

Ticv. S. 11.
THI1EI-:

FUEi:.

PLATT't? FAITK CTJR.E of lameness of
25 years' standing, reported by the
press as a "'recant miracle;" a coii"
plete statenrsent by himsel f, tU pages, bv
mail. 15 cents. S. HARRISON & CO..

r.rooklvn, N. Y. Also. UNION IN
" CUIRIST, an illustrated paper, sent
TiiKKK MONTHS >"KKK on trial ; (Ml cts. ayear, '25 cts. to-
Agcjits, (!lergymen, or Reading IJooiiM. Agenij wan-
ted, terms liberal. Send now. to
tf H. A. KING. 37 Park Row. N. Y-

RKR.>EAI>ESS. von can save moncv by ordering

«» »»• ..II ti.r. 1 Af- ...,: ,' *v,«rt..«l. ^....

KKK

througli our
atcs. (iet

J, all vour Papers and Magazines thi
i^ CI, IB agency at KGl>rCEI> r;
our calalo^-ue at once.
.J. H. NEi^US & BRO., Cannjffharie, N. V

H. Cfe#"\Ve osl'er six;cial iDdwcements on the
It Bee Journals. I'-f-

0-L-A.SS OXJTTBIiS-

Pri(!es reduced. Sent by mail on receipt of ;J0 cents,
four for 31. (H). See advertisement in Fel). No., also ed-
itorial notice at bottom of iotli ]iageFcb. No.
Gku. O. ToMriciNS, White Mains,

Westchester Co., N. Y.

QEE HEIiE, Newspapers and Magazines, Single
O subscriptions taken at club rates. Sent

Price, for.

Rural New Yorker S2.()5 . .^1. ir>

American Rural Home 2.10.. l.tR)'

Ohio Farmer 2.15.. l.ti^

Country Gentleman 2.50 . . 2.'iff

Southern Farmer 2.0«1.. l.(j^

American Bee Journal - 2.00.. l.oo

American Agricullnrist, Chromo 10c extra l.OO.. 1.1'>
Harper's Weeklv, Bazaar, Monthly, each 4.00.. .•UJO
N. Y. Ledger anil N. V. Weekly..."... '• ;J.OO,. '■2.h(>

Saturday Evening Post ;UM).. '2.;)0

Leslie's l-udy's Journal, Chimney Corner 4.00.. il.nO

Leslie's Boys and (iirls 2.50.. 2.2.}

Godey's I..adv"s Rook 3.15.. '2.i.»

Arthur's Uonie INlagazine '2.50,. 2.I.''

Send for tirand CUil) t.ist oi 2(i() papers.

GF.i). (). TOMl'KINS. White Plains,

Wesi.-bcster Co.. N. Y.

Price 1') cts. i>er lb., in }.< Ui, sticks, or ;i lb. bricks-
Can bo fed in any weathei\ A. 1. UDOf, Medina, O.

OCR !'.(•(• .Iniirnal of llie '^oiiMievn '^lates. Issucil
moiithlv at 5-'. mi per vcav. >auii'U' i-;M'ies free.

"Address A. F. 310( iN ..ViCi'. Rome, Georgia.

One <"(.)py One Y(;ar 75 Cents, or willi Lithograpii of Apiarv, si/.c 12.\Iil, Maili.^d Free, I'oslpajd, Sl.OO. or J^ithn-
grap!) will be sent as a I'rcmiuui for 'I'wo SiilisrVibers ai 75 cents each.
Any iiersoii obtaining Three Suljscribers at 75 Ct;nts i^acli, may retain 25 Ccnl:^ lor their troiilile.
" " Five "' " " ' •" 75 " "

" " Ten " " '• •• 2,50

Any number above Ten will bt; sent at the rate? of Fiifv Cents eac}i.

Nanu!s may be sent at any time during the vear, and wlnmever a club is reached, we will crc'dil
ba<',k the amount previously "sent us in excess of ilic Club Hates. In lids wav aii\ of the

Articles Mentioned on our PRICE LIST may be Secured as PREMIUMS.

Please mention when names an; inteudcd for ('labs. .\ii .n'lciinwU' IgmoiU will be smi in all casiM
iiij receipt of money— foi' any i)nrpose whatever— bv return mail. \(>lni;ie-> 1, A II. may '■«• cDUitled on
the same terms, as we have a

Large Supply of BACK HUMBEES Provided for new beginners !

ver I hi

iT.'omi.l :iL;-aiii. and \'olmnc Out

.A'^ we cannot t:il;(! the space in fulure nir.nlters to
Contains the entire Fiindarii"n1a) Principles and

- .;f

w,