nnnnDnnnnDnnnDnnnDDDnnnnnnDDDDna D D 1 ■ D D 1 D n : 1 D •<°*<*^**-f D D D D D /dm b\ D D D > ^M ^4f K& m n D ■J. l^VflH iM ^ D ' D ■p ^SS^*J^jff ^ D D '^^^^** D D H D D D D I D D D n UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS D D D LIBRARY D D D □ D D D D D n D D D D D D D D D d 1 D n D ° D D 1 n D D □ D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D n D D D D D D D D D ° i D D ' D □ ! D D n D D D D D D n D D , DDnnnDDnnnDDDnnnnnDnDDDnnDnannDa JJBRARY Ufiivisiffof wassachusetts amhIrsuiass. Y ■ ^ 3 s . 6 S" CJ6 Supplement to Gleanings for Jan. 1, 1909r^ Index for Vol. XXXVI of Gleanings in Bee Culture. 9 In using this index the reader should not fail to note that it is divided into five departments, namely, General Correspondence, Editorials, A. I. Root's writings, Contributors, and Illustrations. The whole index has been prepared with great care. Sonjetimes two and even three catch-headings will be found, referring to the same general subject. The purpose of tnis cross-indexing is to facilitate reference. If the reader does not find the subject he desires under one head, let him think, of some other catch-heading and try that, and so on. If not found in the General Correspondence try Edi- torials or Illustrations. Subjects are never indexed under the words A, An, The, Hozv, etc. Always look for some important catch-word that comprehends the thought or discussion. Editorials are indexed separately, as they relate to prices, current items, announcements, and the general scope of current discussion. The index of Illustrations will be found especially valuable from the fact that most of the im- portant articles have cuts. By looking for the cut under this index one will be able to locale the sub- ject he seeks. Owing to the fact that our index for this year is very complete we have been compelled to run the headings in. While this is not quite as handy as the line-for-line scheme, we are compelled to adopt it on account of a lack of room. GENERAL CORRESPONDENCE Adultei-ation 627, 1369, 1429; Advertising honey 149, 813; After-swarm before prime swarm 681; After-swarms issuing before prime swarms 17; Alarm for filling cans 761, 811; Alaska, honey candied in 1267; Alexan- der feeder, enlarging 234; Alexander plan for weak colonies 214, 366; Ale.xander, last days of 1504; Alexander, obituary of 1256; Al- falfa in Nebraska 435; Alfalfa for horses 1310; Alfalfa honey liquefied in hot air 581; Alfalfa in Colorado 635; Alfalfa hay, curing 885; Al- falfa, bloom of 1387; Alfalfa, irrigated, honey from 1505; Alfalfa, large area of 1124; Alfalfa, time to cut 632; Alfalfa, curing of 937; Al- gerian Bee Journal resumed 876; Alley trap v. clipped queens 282; Alley, Henry, sketch of 352; Alsike clover in Michigan 1185; Al- sike and timothy 894; Alsike around Marengo 1363; Alsike clover hay 874; Alsike clover for farming 937; American methods in Europe 876; Ants in comb honey 1139; Ants in Texas 635; Ants, Argentine 1432; Ants, natural his- tory of 803; Ants, to destroy 1328; Ants, to keep out of lioney-houses 1444; Apiary, cart- wheel arrangement of 627; Apiary, location of 1430; Apiary, new arrangement of hives in 150; Apiary, unnecessary work in 1120; Apiculture in agricultural colleges 553; Aroma of honey, to retain 1263; Artificial honey 277, 747; Asphalt paper for hive-bottoms 335; Aspinwall hive severely tested 932; Aspinwall slatted frames not adapted to L. hive 757; Aspinwall, visit to 1066; Aster honey poor winter stores 1313; Aster honey kills bees 1185; Aster, red pollen from 102; Australia, bee-keeping in 233, 998. 1061; Australia, greet- ings from 1513; Australia, new bee-journal in 1369; Australia, west, trees of 27; Automo- biles for bee-keepers 342. Bait combs without separators 1373; Bait combs in supers 934; Bait sections flni-shed first 987; Bait sections from previous year 996; Basswood suddenly checked 1491; Bass- wood buds in June 200; Basswood as a honey- yielder 23; Basswood in Michigan 1185; Bass- wood leaves, injury to 580; Basswoods in- jured by moths 1000; Basswood, germinating seed of 233; Basswood, reliability of 493; Basswood. -short flow at Marengo 927; Bees- wax in the arts 632; Bee-escape, see escape; Bee history, new work on 426; Bee moth 571; Bees as fertilizers of blossoms 144; Bees dy- ing in spring 703, 1010; Bees dying mysteri- ously 233; Bees returning to old location in sprin.g 77; Bees valuable to farmers 993; Bees, age of when starting to work 411, 1116; Bees, shaking 491; Bees, black, in Europe 38; Bees, improvement of 77, 433; Bees, irritable 342; Bees, length of flight 806; Bees, load of 1047; Bees, life of 336; Bees, position of in win- ter 78; Bees, three races crossed 38; Bees, old, killed 1267; Bees, strength of 1427; Bees, vicious, to manage 871; Bee-cellar, see cellar: Bee-experiment station 17; Bee-house, port- able 885; Bee-keeper, growth of 1133; Bee- keepers, prosperous, keep more bees 545; Bee- keepers, back-lot 1319; Bee-keeping, fasci- nating, beginner's experience 1510; Bee-keep- ing, when it pays 1263; Bee-keeping in Switzerland 38; Bee-1-ceeping an old occupa- tion 1303; Bee-tree cut in winter 637; Bee- tree, trouble over 1248; Bee-veils, different kinds 93; Beet v. cane sugar 1121, 1175, 1249; Beet sugar, bluing in 1309; Beginner's expe- rience 1510; Belgium bee-keepers' society 28; Belgium, price of honey in 1370; Bertrand, Edward 750; Beuhne, interview with 998, 1061; Bisulphide of carbon, see carbon -bi- sulphide; Black bees not liked 552; Black bees, inferiority of 932; Blacks v. Italians 1308; Block and pulley for lifting cans 365; Boats, bees moved on 1257; Bottling, Coveyou on 1064; Bottling honey in New England 493; Bottling honev 365: Bottom-bars, combs built solid to 1383; Bottom-bars, double 1136; Bot- tom-bars, how spaced 335; Bottom-bars, .space between 199, 276, 343, 411, 629, 682, 872, 927: Bottom-bars, space under 17, 47, 485, 1047 1266. 1303, 1368. 1423.. 1424, 1488; Bottom- bars, thickness of 799; Bottom-board, vesti- bule 1137: Bottom starters, see starters; Bot- toms, thin, a nuisance 1446; Brazil, bee-keep- ing in 1186, 1434; Breeding better stock 336; Breeding for improvement 433; Breeding of bees. Bender on 433, 874; Breeding of domes- tic animals 889: Breeding queens 569; Breed- ing-queens, selection of 24: British Guiana, bee-keeping in 428. 1182; British Isles, bee- keeping in 1383; Brood and honey In same cell 993; Brood above honey 372; brood in Januarv 343: Brood dies because of weak queen 1511; Brood in supers prevented by ex- cluder 641; Brood put in queen-cells 987; Brood, dead, during honey-flow 950; Brood, equalizing in spring 419. 486; Brood, Hershi.ser plan for equalizing 420; Brood-cells, queen, better than storage cells 1368; Brood-combs, full, importance of 874; Brood-combs, too much honey in 416; Brood-chamber contracted for winter 286; Brood-nest contracted by dummies In middle 746; Brood -nest, honey in GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 281, 1056: Brood-nest, temperature of 83; Brood-nest, to get honey out of 1200; Brood- rearing in spring 411; Brood-rearing stimu- lated by stores 872, 873, 927; Brood-rearing stopped wliile eggs are still laid 1363; Buck- ling of foundation 151, 631, 1440; Buckwheat in Texas 629; Buckwheat in poor season 2054; Buckwheat honey 140; Buckwheat, decrease in amount 1053; Buckwheat, opinion of far- mers 642; Buckwheat, Silverhull, preferred 1504; Building up colonies for harvest 362, 421, 639; Building, removing bees from 701; Bulk comb honey, good pi-ice for 1011; Bulk comb honey in Texas 207; Bulk comb honey, lique- fying 370; Bulk comb honey profitable in the south 1250; Bumble-bees in Arctic regions 799; Burbank, Dadant's visit to 1364; Burr- combs between two supers 987. Cans, should dealers- pay for? 1491; Cage, Miller improved 147; Cages, demonstration, see handling live bees; California bee-keep- ing 1505; California. Imperial Valley of 1052, 1055, 1125; California weather conditions 803; California sage, enemies of 1202; California, university of 1322; California, yield in 1054; Cane sugar, variation of in honey 1121; Can- filler, Coveyou automatic 101, 811; Canada, honey-flow in 932; Canada, prospects for sea- son 876; Canadian association 818; Canadian northwest, honey-plants in 763; Candied honey in hives 1079; Candied comb honey 1140; Candied honey in combs 621, 1487; Candying, to prevent, 465; Cane sugar in honey 139; Candied honey, dry 1243; Candied honey, exhibiting 207; Candied honey, retain- ing aroma of 1263: Candying of honey as soon as capped 1444; Candles, why beeswax is used for 687; Canning fruit with honey 809; Cans, plea for better 1493; Cappings of dark wax 1368; Cappings. white, to breed for 434; Cap- pings, watery 832; Cappings, white, in Cau- casian colonies 690: Cappings, watery, made by best workers 702; Capping-melter. Mercer 217; Capping-melter, latest design 1375; Cap- ping-melter. crane on 342; Capping-melters, old 828; Capping-melter. Peterson's 559; Cap- ping-melter, Lathrop on 1380; Carbon bisul- phide for fumigating 830, 935, 1207; Carniolan- Italian bees 739; Carpet weeds 1371: Cartons for comb honey 702, 1071; Caucasians not good honey-gatherers 42; Caucasians at Ne- braska fair 1248; . Caucasians breed many drones 1063; Caucasians build much drone comb 1133; Caucasians excel Italians 690; Caucasians, irritable 102; Caucasians, Wild- er's experience with 1424; Cellar, bees quiet in 1492; Cellar of concrete 1316; Cellar, feeding in 17; Cellar for storing honey 739; Cellar too cold 1078; Cellar ven- tilation 208, 275, 360. 1186. 1316; Cellar, carbon-dioxide in 26: Cellar, damp 214; Cel- lar, locating hives when removing bees from 492: Cellar, bee-room partitioned off in 1185; Cellar, covers removed in 1126; Cellar, remov- ing bees from 345. 360. 418. 701; Cellar, screened entrances in 582; Cellar, when to put bees in 25, 1492; Cellars v. outdoor plan 372; Cellars, foundation of 208; Cellars, hive-cov- ers loose in 345; Cellars, ventilation of 275. 260, 1186. 1316; Cells, grafting 39; Chickens eat drones 584; China, bees in 1512; Chittim tree 832; Cleaning comb honey 832, 1057, 1073; Clipping queens, 371, 700: Clipped queens v. queen -trap, see queen-trap: Clover, does drouth kill? 1487, 1512; Clover, honey from second crop 952; Clover, white Italian 40; Clover, sweet, and alfalfa, in Alabama 893; Clovers in France 750; Clovers, sour 86; Clus- ter, position of in winter 446: Clusters quiet in cellar 1492: Clustering out not waste of time 944, 1368; Clustering out on hot davs 987; Coggshall, methods of 1499; Colorado grading-rules 546: Colorado, bee-keeping 1128; Colorado, season in 1312; Colonies building up in spring 362, 421, 639; Colonies reaching ma- turity in time for honey-flow 419: Colonies rendered normal 364: Colonies, weak. Alexan- der plan modified 366; Colonies, why they differ 1205; Colonies, equalizing in spring 347. 362; Color of hives 551; Colors distinguished by bees 1124; Color, do bees notice? 1447; Color, how bees distinguish 145: Comb and extracted honey in same super 631; Comb v. extracted honey 341, 681, 867, 1446; Comb honey sold by section 946; G jmb honey twelve years old 1437. 1487; Comb lioney without sep- arators 947; Comb honey hauled in wagons, see hauling, etc.; Comb honey season, close of 995; Comb honev supers, extracting combs in 100; Comb honey, cleaning 832, 1057, 1073; Comb honey, crowding, to secure perfect cap- ping 1431; Comb honey, fancy, from foul- broody colonies 495; Comb honey, labeling weight of 199; Comb honey, melting 343; Comb honey, moths in 1199; Comb honey, off-grade, to sell 102; Comb honey, preparing for market 1073; Comb honey, price of in Canada 552; Comb honey, transparent wrappers for 39, 102, 369: Comb honey, wax in. unwhole- some 199; Combs melting in hive 681; Combs of sealed honey fed in spring 83; Combs, melting in supers 485; Cqmtas, perfect, with- out wire or splints 699; Combs, thin, evener than thick 342; Comb-builders 341; Comb- building, peculiarities in 34; Congress of bee- keepers in London 876; Convention, Brant district 25, 285, Convention, Colorado state 1430; Convention, Massachusetts 294; Conven- tion, national, at Detroit 1181; Co-operative experiments 100; Correspondence school in France 750; Cotton honey light-colored 1250; Covers of Tin cause swarming 933; Covers, filling cracks in 41; Covers, leaky, kill bees 1446; Covers, sealed, preferred 1327; Cross bees, to manage 871: Cross bees, finding queen among 927; Crosses of different races 877; Crossing bees 38; Cuba, moving three apiaries in 1441; Cushions v. sealed covers 1327. Dandelion 878; Dandelion in Germany 1323; Dandelion, value of 1243; Demonstration be- fore audience, principles of 1326; Demonstra- tion cage, see handling live bees; Denmark, foul brood in 875; Divisible-brood-chamber hive, see sectional hive; Drifting in spring, preventing 346. 411; Drone comb built by Cau- casians 1133; Drone comb in supers 1487; Drone comb, to get rid of 143; Drone comb, worker brood in 1115; Drones to generate heat 199; Drones eaten by chickens 1080. 1446; Drones killed during cold spell 205; Drones, relation of to honey production 832; Drouth, effect of on honey-flow 1431; Ducks in the apiary 42, 447; Dummies made of di\ision-boards 830; Dummies in middle to contract brood-nest 746: Dummies, value of 873; Dysentery 485; Dysenterv or paralysis 703; Dvsentery in cel- lar 582. Egg of queen 1498; Eggs, amount of in comb 1121: Eggs, number from old queen 491; Eggs, several in cell 927: England, bee-keep- ing in 1383; Entrance protected 1327. 1387; Entrance-block held by spring 235; Entrance- contractor held by a spring 1447; Entrance- controller. TVeber's 95; Entrance-controllers 1323; Entrance. Aspinwall non-clogging 1180; Entrance, importance of keeping clear 1203; Entrance, location of 102, 294, 372; Entrance, position of in winter 78; Entrance, storm- door for, see storm door; Entrance, vestibule 1328; Entrances above queen-excluders 878; Entrances, deep 290; Entrances, large, to re- tard swarming 933; Entrances, direction to face 994: Entrances, small, in Idaho 877; Entrances, vestibuled, see storm-door; En- trances, value of protection in spring 1247; Entrances, wedges to control size of 369; Equalizing colonies in spring 347, 362; Escape for removing supers 1182; Escapes for remov- ing honey 639, 808; Escape, hive-lifting lever for inserting 694; Escape-boards, improve- ment in 436: Escape, to put on 1137; Escape, Atwater on 877; Escape, Miller 701, 739: Es- cape, tent, for supers 78, 140. 200; Escape, Whitney v. Miller 883; Eucalyptus' of Califor- nia 1175; Eucalyptus in Australia 1204; Euro- pean notes 1323; Excluder to prevent brood in super 641; Exhibit at Colorado state fair 1311: Exhibit at Texas fair 1250; Exhibit of Lebanon association 1262; Exhibit of bees and honey 283: Exhibit in Ontario 757: Exhibit at Utah state fair 433; Exhibits, selling honey at 1251: Exhibits, value of 1317: Exhihition- cage. Wagoner's 1436; Exhibition. Toronto 1181; Extracted honey fed to finish sections 1182; Extracted honey ■warmed artificially 927; E\tracted-honey production, Hutchinson (CLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. on 562, 638, 693, 751, Sll; Extracted v. comb, see comb, etc.; Extracted-honey production, 30 years of 944; Extracting in open air 687; Extracting honey, equipments for 760; Ex- tracting crop in fall 639; Extracting in spring and feeding back 24. 359, 361, 747, 748; Ex- tracting late in the fall 694, 808; Extractlng- combs, preparing carefully 945; Extracting- houses 686; Extracting-room, Hansen's 1439; Extracting-tools 892; Extracting-yards, loca- tion of 999; Extractor with strainer in bot- tom 99, 811; Extractor-covers of cloth not liked 1267; Extractor, gearless 1064; Ex- tractor, size to use 753; Extractors, size to use 760; Extractors, speed of 1511. Fairs, experience at 101; Farmer plan of managing 369; Farmers' institutes, lectures at 1431; Farming and bee-keeping 1501; Feeder for back of hive 1438; Feeders of gal- vanized cans 627; Feeder, Alexander, to en- large 151; Feeder, simplicity, used at bottom 295; Feeding sealed honey in the spring 83; Feeding thick or thin syrup 212, 493; Feeding outdoors for stimulating 510; Feeding early advised 1323; Feeding for stimulating in Switzerland 681; Feeding in spring, text- books on 572; Feeding for spring in fall 485, 504; Feeding unfinished sections in spring 445; Feeding In cold weather 17, 448; Feeding back, thin honey for 933; Feeding back after extracting in spring 24, 359, 361, 747, 748; Feeding back to induce brood-rearing 357, 359, 361, 422; Feeding in spring, .sealed combs for 357; Feeding to stimulate in spring 1206; Feeding loaf sugar in cellar 1140; Feeding in the fall 29, 98, 139, 485, 504, 748, 808, 945, 1020; Feeding in the cellar 17; Feeding in pie-plates 235; Feeding in spring best for weak col- onies 830; Feeding in spring not advised 422, 1020; Feeding for stimulating 347, 422; Feed- ing back to finish sections 1182; Feeding in fall v. spring 1200; Feeding for stimulating in the spring 25; Feeding in late fall advocated 235; Feeding, experiments in 342; Fermenta- tion of honey in hive 1055, 1444; Fermenta- tion of unripe honey 1254; Floods, protecting hives from 1260; Florida, flow in Manitee county 707; Florida Island, flow on 643; Food value of sugar and honey 1309; Forest fires 1423; Formalin gas for disinfecting combs 370; Formic acid in honey 1369; Formic acid for stings 275; Formic acid, how introduced 1303. 1363, 1423; Foul brood in Canada 25; Foul brood in Ireland 1052; Foul brood, American 281; Foul brood, formalin gas to cure 370; Foul brood, to cure and still get a crop 495; Foul brood, melting combs to get rid of 1423, 1488, 1493: Foul brood, to prevent its spread 1054; Foul brood, disinfecting honey 952; Foul brood, European. Orton's method for 1504; "Foul brood, honey surplus free from 1208; Foul brood, relation of foundation to 295; Foul brood, samples in broken packages 1122; Foul-brood districts, escapes in 877; Foul- brood inspector, troubles of 1324; Foul -brood inspectors of Ontario 876; Foul-brood inspec- tion, preparation for 1122; Foul-brood legisla- tion in Indiana 1009, 1248; Foul-brood law in Nebraska 335; Foul-brood law in Quebec 153; Foul-broody combs, acid for 40; Foul-broodv honey 1244; Foundation carrying foul brood 295; Foundation in sections. Miller on 350: Foundation made with press 799; Foundation to put in full sheets without buckling 431: Foundation fastened at top and sides 290: Foundation fastened on four sides 151, 810: Foundation fastened to horizontal wires 236: Foundation fastened at top and bottom 140: Foundation fastened with melted wax from oil-can 365; Foundation, buckling of 151, 631. 1440; Foundation, extra thin, for sections 292, 1137; Foundation, puritv of 1183; Foundation, top and bottom starters, see starters; Foun- dation, proper weight for supers 1011; Foun- dation, weight for split sections 702; Founda- tion, weight for sections 561, 739, 740; Founda- tion-fastener, Dewey 764; Fowls, Chalon, vi'Jit to 1375; Frame-handling not practiced 206: Frame-spacers, bent nails for 41; Frames, deep space under 485; Frames, deep space un- der 17, 447, 485, 1047, 1266, 1303, 1368, 142'!. 1424, 1488; Frames, nails to support 1199: Frames, size of 275: France, E., sketch of 351 : Freight rates on comb honey 1430; Freig'it reduced by good packing 873; French bee- keepers, trouble for 1369; French edition of I.angstroth 1363; French system of apiculture 991; Fruit canned with honey 809; Fruit punctured by bees 1309; Fruits, bees pollin- ating 991; Fruit-bloom honey 803; Fruit-blos- soms fertilized by bees 144; Fruit-trees for honey 1309; Fumigating comb honey 830; Fumigating empty combs 1203; Fumigating in tight boxes 1207. Georgia bee-keeping 428; German manual of bee-keeping 340; Glucose and corn syrup 493; Glucose as food 1052, 3431; Glucose, name for 139. 546; Golden Italians 740; Grading and packing, Foster on 1074; Grading, Crane on 1057; Grading, Dr. Miller on 1073; Grading, Colorado rules 546; Grading, dishonest 813; Grading, eastern v. western 806, 1431; Gi-ad- ing, how done at M. A. Gill's 1373; Grafting cells 39; Grafting larvae with head of pin 627: Granulation, see candying, etc.; Grocers, sell- ing honey to 1252. Hand-car in apiary 568; Handling live bees 33; Hauling comb honey in wagons 1075, 1139, 1387, 1444; Heartsease honey, color of 1244; Heather bloom, bees on 1124; Heather honey 78, 140. 1323; Heating honey for bottling 2066; Hens, to deter from sitting 1175; Hermaphro- dite bees 894, 927; Hives made by wind power 215; Hives shipped in boxes 581; Hive, eight - frame, too small 1487 ; Hive, importance of 551; Hive, movable-frame, origin of 39; Hive, size of, Townsend on 1371; Hives, appearance of 362; Hives, European 38; Hives, evolution of 574; Hives, home-made 943, 1208; Hives, large, to control swarming 420; Hives, novel 1435; Hives, ornamental 356; Hives, size of, Townsend on 1431; Hives, Townsend's article on corrected 1513; Hives, unpainted, v. painted 343; Hives, weight of in spring 446: Hive-bottoms, double 98; Hive-bottoms, asphalt paper for 335; Hive-carriers 877; Hive-cloths under covers 936; Hive-conveyor 1388; Hive-covers of neponset paper 486; Hive- covers, paint for 425; Hive-lifting lever for in- serting escapes 694; Hive-lifting crane 951; Hive-lifting 997, 1079; Hive-lifting wheel-cart 951; Hive-numbers, aluminum 799; Hive-num- bers, crayons for making 1115; Hive-numbers, manila 868; Hive-numbers, staples to hold 87. 139. 343; Hive-scraper 102; Hive-stands 234. 371, 436; Hive-tags soaked in oil 927; Hive-tool. Atwater 877; Holland, bee-keeping 'in 1196; Holv land bees 628; Honey defined 555; Honey for King Edward 26; Honey fer- menting when unripe 1254; Honey ginger- bread 26; Honey at hotels 627; Honey from sugar 643: Honey a luxury 139, 343; Honey from old brood -combs 747; Honey candying as soon as capped 1444; Honey evaporated in vacuum-pans 583; Honey-eating, effect of 748; Honey in tin needs no label 23.5; Honey prices, pro-^ipect for 206; Honey stored in cellar 739; Honev stored under brood 208, 372, 819, 867: Honey scarce in average home 1368; Honev not spoiled in cooking 1487; Honey spoiled bv boiling 1446; Honey vinegar 1183; Honev yield, Dr. Miller's 1047; Honey, analvsis ' of 621. 876; Honey, Coggshall's method of removing 1501; Honey, food value of 873; Honev, grading at Gill's 1373; Honey, hvdrometer for testing 367; Honey, market- ing 280; Honev, Mercer's plan to sell 149; Honev, necessity of having well-ripened 422; Honev, old, of good quality 1505; Honey, poor, caused by spring dwindling 418; Honey, comb, see comb honev; Honey, price of in Texas v. north 87: Honev, prices of 139; Honey, recipe for artificial 276: Honey, rapid removal of from hive 1493: Honey, removing from side of building 570: Honev. to remove for extract- ing 892- Honev, selling, see selling; Honey, sour in hive 1139; Honev, U. S. standard for 874- 'Honev. weight of 77: Honeysuckle hedge to 'protect hives 1010; Honey-agitator 1066: Honev-board to prevent travel-stain 1506: Honev-board in two pieces 1121; H-mey-can'^ paid for bv buyer 1303; Honey-cans, lifting 365- H^rev-cans, see cans; Honev-dew zOJ. 510 8'9 1268- Honev-extr'^ctor. best speed for lOo'- Hoppv-extractor"^. with strainer in bot- tom 99: Honev-flow. building up for m spring 347- Honey-flow, preparing colonies for 419; Honev-gate, home-made 221; Honey-houses, 31046 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. carrying- supers to 999; Honey-houses 686; Honey-labels 207; Honey-packages, Texas 873; Honey-plants, fall 356; Honey-plants poison- ous for cattle 434; Honey-stand, elevated 284; Honey-yield, Dr. Miller's 1303, 1491; Honey- yield, good 1140; Hornets' nest 819; House- apiaries in Germany 739; Humming, loud, in hive 1208; Hydrometer for testing honey 367. Idaho association 632; Inbreeding 1513; In- crease, Alexander method for 578, 1005; In- crease, Chapman's plan 579; Increase, 20 col- onies from 9 1487; Increase, difficulty in mak- ing 447; Increase, Somerford plan for 577, 1139; Increase, rapid, with good yield 703; Increase, Alexander and Somerford's methods compared 757, 1443; Inspector, troubles of 1324; Introducing with no young brood pres- ent 987; Introducing before removing queen- cells 545; Introducing to colony 48 hours queen- less 548; Introducing cage, new Miller 763; Introducing to colony long queenless 799; In- troducing queen, safe way 893; Introducing, Beuhne's plan of 1513; Introducing, dual plan for 800; Introducing-cage at entrance 987, 1048, 1327; Irrigation in Idaho 632; Irrigation in Nebraska 435; Italians from Switzerland 750; Italians not equal to blacks in Switzer- land 38; Italians, light, gentle 1447; Italians, V. leather-colored 281; Italians, yellow 342, 1267. Japan, bee-keeping 1325. Kerosene irritates bees 1205; King birds 42; Knives, both hot and cold needed 1511; Knives, cold, preferred for uncapping 1374; Knives, hot or cold 1126; Knife, straight butcher 1250; Knives, two kinds for uncapping 1303 ; Koumis 621; Kramer, U. 879. Labeling by Coveyou method 1064; Labels for honey 207, 703, 946; Labels to conform to pure-food law 1123; Larvae, old, not selected by bees 545, 1054; Larvae, age of to start queen-cells 890; Larvae, selecting for queen- rearing 1175; Laying- worker colony, introduc- ing queen to 1140; Laying workers 364; Leaks in hives, to stop 1428; Leakage, preventing in honey-.iars 993; Lebanon County Bee associa- tion 233; Lectures on bees 34; Legs of honey- bee 1002; Levulose, artificial 1206; Life of bees 747; Life of workers 1116; Liquefying bulk comb honey 370, 873; Liquefying bottled honey 365; Liquefying candied comb honey 627; Liquefying in cake-tin 948; Liquefying in in- cubator 448; Liquefying honey inside of the hive 810; Liquefying honey in hot air 145. 199, 233, 343; Liquefying honey in cans 509; Lique- fying, danger of burning 276; Liquefying, temperature for 276; Live-bee demonstration 994; Locality, improving 1388; Location, Burr on 699; Locust-trees for bees 876; Logan berry recommended in B. B. J. 991; Log gum, drumming bees from 217; London, congress of beekeepers in 867; Long idea hive 1175; Lore of the honey-bee 1052; Lore of honey-bee, re- view of 1310. Mammoth clover 931; Massachusetts society 41, 159, 702; Mating-box, twin, Pritchard on 1008; Mating-box not satisfactorv 159; Melting cappings, see capping melters; Melting combs to remove foul brood 1423; Merrill, D. E., death of 757; Mexican honey 635; Mice in chaff cushions 696; Michigan convention 99; Michigan, honey resources of 1184. 1253: Mich- igan, locating apiary in 562: Migratory bee- keeping 1257; Migratory bee-keeping 875. 1257; Milkweed as a honey-yielder 1058: Miller, C. C. 938; Miller improved introducing-cage 147; Monks as bee-keepers 687; Moths in stored comb honev 1199; Moths living on pollen 1243: Moths, movement of 78; Moths, to kill 993; Moths laying eggs 78, 799: Moths, food of 1491; Moving bees 1137; Moving bees, prepar- ing for 940: Moving colonies in .spring 889; Moving for basswood flow 77, 932; Moving bees, best time in winter 288: Moving bees in carlots 500; Moving bees with open en- trances 101; Moving bees on boat 1257: Mov- ing bov hives 1059; Moving from outyards 1445; Mo\ing in spring 1363; Moving by schooner in Cuba 1441: Moving, expensive 1506; Moving, time for 1136; Moving, to close hives for 1328. Nails for supporting frames 1199; Nails in fig^r-boxes 582: National convention, program of SO.'. 932; National convention notes 892; Natural history of the bee 26; Nature study of bees 1495; Nebraska, bee-keeping in 435; New Mexico, artificial pasturage in 1207; New Mexico, bee-keeping in 205, 580, 1207; New Zealand, bee-keeping in 434; Night, handling bees at 739; Non-swarming bees 814; North Carolina, bee-keeping in 696; Nuclei from queenless colonies 993; Nuclei, forming 281, 621, 799; Nuclei, three-frame, starting with 294; Nuclei, to prevent loss of brood in 205; Nuclei, two wintered in a hive 621. Observatory hive 1320; Oil-stove for heating knives 751; Oil-stove for warming honey 695; Oregon, Britt's apiary in 943; Outdoor colony 692: Outyards, Coggshall method of managing 1499; Overstocking 494, 874. Paint made of cement 510; Paint made of water not water-proof 829; Paint for hives 412, 424, 486, 746: Painted hives not best for bees 894; Painted hives v. unpainted 343; Painting edges of hive-bodies 449; Paint to prevent robbing 697; Paper, to fasten around hives 1080; Paper roofing for hive-quilts 1137; Paper winter cases 92, 150, 292, 349, 697, 831, 1265, 1328; Paper wrappers for comb honey 39, 102; Papered hives, can moisture escape from 1512; Paper, black and white compared 344; Paralysis 949; Paralysis in Australia 1445; Paralvsis or dvsenterv 703; Parcels post 931, 1052, 130.9, 1370; -Parthenogenesis 411; Paste for labeling tin 368. 447; Pasturage, artificial 1388; Pear blight 1179: Pennsylvania meeting 763; Plural-queen svstem 144, 295, 372, 507, 621, 1052, 1062. 1183, 1307; Phacelia, two varie- ties 1505; Phacelia, honey from 1243; Plural- itv of queens in winter 42; Plurality of queens 155. 157. 199: Plural-queen svstem 17: Plural- queen system opposed 36; Plural-queen sys- tem unsuccessful 102; Plural-queen system for sectional hive 35; Plural-queen system v. Wells 78: Plural-queen system, Alexander on 1135; Plural-queen system. Beuhne on 1203: Plural-queen system for preventing swarming 101; Plural-queen system. Gray on 505; Plural- queen system, Simmins on 506; Poisonous plants 747; Poisonous plants kill brood 1327; Poisonous plants, nectar from 275; Poisonous plants, effect of on brood 1513; Pollen from basswood 1428: Pollen in extracting-comtas 1268; Pollen on legs of bees 1495; Pollen, early, value of 1427: Pollen, famine in Australia 1061; Pollen, red. from aster 102; Pollen, first source of in spring 629; Pollen, great amount of 1123; Pollen, position of in brood-nest 1200; Potassium cyanide, danger of 1121; Potassium cyanide question 93.5; Potassium cvanide to kill moths 571; Prices, low, rea- sons for 583: Prices of honey 87, 747, 1048; Prices of honey and wax in Hamburg 991; Prices of honey in Canada 1054; Prices of honey in Colorado 1311, 1430; Prices of honey in Texas 994; Profits on bees 584: Propolis from sweet-gum trees 950; Propolis mixed with wax 1447; Propolis from wax 1388: Propolis, removing when cleaning sections 1057; Pure-food law 1429: Pure-food law dis- cussed 367: Pure-food laws in Texas 994; Pure-food show 159. Quebec association 584; Quebec, bee-keeping in 153; Queen balled after mating 1137; Queen dead on excluder 740: Queen detected by the building of worker-cells 932; Queen frightened after clipping 1115: Queen introduced at entrance 1048, 1327: Queen laying eggs beyond dummy 800: Queen killed in mails 1208; Queen killed by a rival 1259: Queen mating early in spring 1266; Queen stings worker 4il; Queen with dented back 581; Queens above excluders 1202; Queens laying worker eggs in drone- cells 545: Queens mating in upper story 158; Queens reared artificially cause deterioration 627: Queens reared under swarming impulse 1008; Queens separated by zinc 17; Queens stinging workers 335; Queens superseded by Doolittle plan 449; Queens superseded in win- ter 448: Queens from supersedure cells 804; Queen, bees kill 987; Queen, capacity of 947: Queen, poor, first season 952; Queen, contro- versy over 411: Queen, dented 940: Queen, failure of 1326: Queen, keeping caged in strong colony 1487; Queen, length of time to hntch 1116: Queen, old, cause of spring dwindling 418; Queen, to tell age of 1303: Queen, time required to test 546: Queen, trouble tT find GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE SOT; Queen, to keep record of 418; Queen, why not kill 948; Queens, black, to find 1267; Queens, bought or reared 642; Queens, breed- ing of 569; Queens, breeding of 429; Queens, clipped, V. Alley trap, see Alley trap; Queens, clipping, see clipping queens; Queens, con- troversy about 799: Queens, dented, of no value 621, 1512; Queens, capacity of 412; Queens, Doolittle, valuable 1307; Queens, eight in box hive 562; Queens, getting from nat- ural-swarm cells 509; Queens, loss of, when ■discovered 208; Queens, handling with clean fingers 952; Queens, how long to keep 881, 1423; Queens, old, used In cfueen -rearing 1203, 1205; Queens, old, do good work 1363; •Queens, life of 1363; Queens, plea for better 1076; Queens, price of 199, 829; Queens, rear- ing V. buying 209; Queens, old, superseded 101; Queens, old, easily introduced 1243; ■Queens, relation of to swarming 881; Queens, selection of 24; Queens, superseding 40, 77, 157, 411, 556, 881, 1138; Queens, surplus of, wintered 1139; Queens, to find in populous colonies 1428; Queens, to test value of 509; ■Queens, too old larvae selected for 545; Queens, tested, explanation of 621; Queens, short-lived 1079; Queens, wintering two in hive 582; Queens, several in hive, see plural-queen system; Queen-cage for shaking out new combs 41; Queen-catcher 100; Queen-cell v. virgin 1317; Queen-cell hatched in cage 1007; Queen-cell started quickly 1175; Queen-cells removed after in- troducing 545; Queen-cells causing swarming 206; Queen-cells destroyed made bees vicious 831; Queen-cells finished by strong colonies 700; Queen-cells, workers in 1011; Queen-cells, when torn down 1445; Queen-cells, to produce 577; Queen-cell, several eggs in 927; 1047; Queen-excluder, inventor of 1243; Queen-ex- ciuder, wooden 139; Queen-finder 1439; Queen- rearing for women 693; Queen-rearing, Doo- little on 804; Queen-rearing, two methods 1317; Queen-rearing, Alexander on 209; Queen-rear- ing, selecting larvae for 1175; Queen-rearing, swarm cells not recommended for 210; Queen- trap V. clipped queens 555, 556, 622, 753, 993, 1009; Queenless colonies in fall, disposing of 1493; Queenlessness, signs of 1048, 1250, 1368. Railroad in apiary 568; Railroad responsible for leaky cans 1494; Rassenzucht, German bee- book 750; Raspberries in Michigan 563; Rasp- berry pasturage, Townsend on 1253; Rats, to destroy 40; Rauchfuss, Frank 32; Rearing v. buying queens 209; Reaumur, sketch of 340; Red clover worked by black bees 750; Red clover, second crop for honey 875; Red clover, second crop of clover from 1121; Red clover, to adapt to bees 1364; Refrigerator, honey in 1047; Removing in spring 1494; Requeening by bees during a fall flow 1428; Requeening with best stock 1115; Requeening 91, 157, 411; Re- queening, easy method wanted 932; Requeen- ing, time for 40, 77, 629; Requeening, Case's method explained 1008; Requeening, Doolittle plan 627; Requeening, Greiner on 158; Rheu- matism cured by stings 153, 628; Ripening honey 809, 874; Ripening honey in hive 874; Rivers, apiaries between 1128; Robber cloth 371; Robber flies 146; Robber-trap 1368; Rob- bers, getting rid of 1048; Robbing or helping 703; Robbing in fall dangerous 1493; Robbing in spring 361; Robbing from wheelbarrow pre- vented by smoke 810; Robbing during a honey- flow 696; Robbing prevented by entrance- guard 440, 830; Robbing prevented by paint- ing entrances 697; Robbing, felt cloth to cover supers 1428; Robbing, less in cloudy weather 932; Robbing, to prevent during extracting 892; Robbing, large entrances to, preventing 276. Safety-pin for liolding veil 139; Sage in Ida- ho 1140; Sage in California 1202; Sage honey in Idaho and Utah 952; Salt in water for bees 819; San Jose scale spread by bees 553; Scald- ing new cans 1268; Sealed covers v. absorbing cushions 369; Season in Marengo disappointing 1243; Sections finished slowly at side of super 485; Sections partly filled, preventing 436; Sec- tions, cleaning, see cleaning comb-honey; Sec- tions, combs built crosswise in 828; Sections, light, sold in butter-dishes 342; Sections, nailed 630, 681; Sections, split, see split sec- tions; Sections, removing from super 437; Sec- tions, travel-stained 493; Sections, unfinished, to reduce 995; Sections, unfinished, what to do with 1181; Sections, unfinished, Doolittle's price for 1368; Sections, unfinished, for early spring feeding 445; Sectional hive a labor- saver 747 ; Sectional hive for plural-queen sys- tem 35; Sectional hives superior 435; Sectional hives, Atwater on 878; Sectional hive, name for 140, 200, 275, 335; Sectional hive, shallow supers for 344; Sectional hive tried ten years 86; Sectional hive for wintering 628; Sectional hives not good for beginners 1079; Sectional hives, finding queen in 1439; Sectional hives, shaken swarms in 35; Sectional hives, trans- ferring to 560; Selling honey 149, 280, 811, 1436; Selling from house to house 1251, 1491; Sell- ing honey at home 1139; Selling off-grade comb honey 102; Selling honey in Mason jars 1070; Selling to consumers 207; Selling grocers 1252; Selling honey, value of competition 1069; Selling unfinished sections 11S2; Separators, cleaning 878: Separators, cleaning old, or buy- ing 927 ; Separators, dispensing with 831, 947, 1079, 1208, 1372; Shade beneficial for bees 927; Shade in apple orchard 894; Shade in Califor- nia detrimental 950; Shade furnished by honevsuckle arbor 1132; Shade for bees 551, 1053, 1308: Shade v. no shade 1315; Shade, Virginia creeper for 1175; Shade-boards 944; Shaken swarms in sectional hive 35; Shaking on new combs 41; Shaking of bees 830, 868; Shed apiarv 89, 288, 747; Shed for apiary 637; Sheds for winter 294, 637, 1438; Sheds v. Outdoor cases 364; Sheds, temporary, for pack- ing 446; Shingled hive-cover 1138; Shipping bees, ventilation during 799; Shipping-cases, corrugated paper v. cleats 1368; Shipping- cases, sandpapering 1073; Shipping-case with sliding cover 25, 1060, 1115; Shipping-case, single-tier 1312; Shipping-cases, nailing and marketing 1075; Shipping-cases, removing sec- tions from 1138; Skunks in apiary 1445; Smoke to prevent robbing from wheelbarrow 810; Smoker fuel, greasy waste for 1010; Smoker- bellows spring, to renew 371; Smokers, valve- less, indorsed 100; Smoking vicious bees 871; Souring of honey in hive 1374; Southern bee culture 746; Spacers for frames, see frame- spacers; Spacing wide for winter 1076; Spac- ing-staple at bottom of end-bars 1010; Spain, bee-keeping in 1249; Spain, honey flora of 27; Spider plant for honey 1262; Splints v. wire 423, 755, 828, 867, 874, 1127, 1176, 1243, 1383, 1491; Split sections 18, 77, 151. 200, 290, 552. 554, 631, 702, 934, 810, 1054; Spring dwindling 418, 1062; Spring feeding for stimulating not advised 422; Spring feeding, text-books on 572; Spring losses 1323; Spring management 347, 420; Spring management, Hershiser 763; Spring management, Wagner on 436; Starters, top and bottom 234, 290. 335. 486, 552. 561, 582, 583, 642, 681, 747, 763, 799, 938, 993; Stimulative feeding, see feeding; Stings in taking off honey 621: .Stings, effects of 800; Stings, queen, clipping 156; Stings, to avoid 1427; Stings, poisonous acid of 275; Stinging controlled by breeding 434; Stinging-bugs 25; Sting-proof suits. Coggshall 1500; Stores in spring 139; Stores to stimulate brood-rearing 873; Stores consumed in winter 17, 1303; Stores, plenty of, effect on bees in spring 681, 1053, 1505; Stores, plenty of, to stimulate brood-rearing 545, 872, 927: Stores, too much 949; Storm- doors 95. 97, 282, 294, 353, 1080, 1327, 1328, 1387; Strainer of cheese-cloth 761, 811; Strainer, heavy wire cloth to support 1208; Straining honey after extracting 811; Sugar, loaf, fed in cellar 1140; Sugar syrup, see syrup; Sul- phured bees 643; Sulphuric acid not good for wax 633; Sunflowers 1183; Sunflower hard on soil 1491; Supers on through winter 1513: Super, T 829, 947; Supers, bees not finding way back 200; Supers, bees will not work in 831; Supers, empty placed above partly filled ones 641, 949, 1441; Supers, empty place under part- Iv filled ones 199; Supers, tent escape for 78: Supers, preparing 349; Supers, shallow, v. deep 1250; Supers, when to put on and remove 933. 1441; Supers, to get surplus honey in 416: Supers, work of different colonies in 1057; Supers, number per colony 682; Supers, young bees lost from 1136; Super-springs 350; Super- seding 40, 77, 157, 411, 556, 881, 1138; Super- seding in California 1203; Superseding, Bas- setfs method 1368; Supersedure cells, using nueens from 804: Supersedure, natural 54' 927; Swarm building comb in open air 568; GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Swarm cells wroduce poor queens 569; Swarm lea\ir,g a cokmy queenless 13S7; Swarm from colony with clipped queen 8:^8; Swarm made to cluster by noise 832; Swarm made to clus- ter with queen on pole 832; Swarm divided 77; Swarm, to tell where from 950; Swarms an aggravation 889; Swarming caused by tin cover 933; Swarming controlled by breedmg 434; Swarming controlled by prolific queens 569; Swarming impulse, queens reared in 1008; Swarming prevented by double-queen plan 101; Swarming prevented by plenty of room 746; Swarming prevented by upper ventilation 411; Swarming prevented by cutting queen- cell 831; Swarming retarded by large en- trances 933; Swarming of yellow Italians and hybrids 928; Swarming, excessive, at Dr. Mil- ler's 867; Swarming, Hand's system to pre- vent 947; Swarming, natural 91; Swarming, the Jay's plan for 417; Swarming, large hive to prevent 420; Swarming, Rich- Alexander plan to prevent 583; Swarming, tiering up to prevent 873; Swarming, proposed plans for controlling 84, 445, 640, 681; Swarming, plural- queen colony 2307; Swarms choose location before leaving 42, 213, 421, 567, 748, 996, 1318; Swarms controlled by Alley trap 282; Swarms going together 555; Swarms hived with weak colonies 362; Swarms led by old or young queens 875; Swarms prevented with least la- bor 628; Swarms prevented by non-swarming race 815; Swarms with virgin 988, 1009, 1140; Swarms, absconding 101; Swarms, distance traveled by 643, 806, 1308; Swarms, few in Coggshall's yard 1499; Swarms, to catch 583; Swarms, preventing in sectional hives 35; Swarms, to prevent flight of in spring 448; Swarms, shaken 35; Swarms, where to hive 685; Swarming controlled by queen-trap 555; Swarming, preventing in 1500 colonies 205; Swarm-catcher of burlap sack 764; Swarm- catching cage 1261; Swarm-catcher, Dayton's 1509; Sweet clover 643; Sweet clover for stock 510, 1430; Sweet clover for cattle and bees 220; Sweet clover in Illinois 829; Sweet clover, when it yields 1010, 1047; Sweet clover, to sow 1175; Sweet clover, yellow 832; Sweet clover on drainage canal 940; Swiss apiary 426; Swit- zerland, bee-keeping in 879; Syrup for late feeding 77; Syrup preferred for winter stores 1428; Syrup, loss of, by evaporation 236; Syrup V. honey for winter feed 29, 286, 1126, 1200; Svrup, to make 945, 1264; Syrup, thick, fed la"te 275; Svrup, thick v. thin 212, 286, 3:6, 493, 504, 628, 'i48; Syrup, to prevent cry.'-lal- lizatior of 1138; Syrup, weight of compared with weight of stc:-'^s 509, 545. Tariff on honev, relation to foul brood 2424; Tariff on honey in France 1248; Tariff on honey and wax 1429; Tarred paper to line honev-house 686; Tartaric acid for syrup 286; Temperature of cluster 139; Tenement winter case 1180, 1491; Territory, bee, control of 18, 1423; Texas association 746, 994; Texas crop large 1047; Texas crop light in spring 746; Texas, bee-keeping in 635; Texas, high prices in 746; Texas, honey-plants, bulletin on 931; Te.xas, prospects for honey in 872; Texas, first honey-flow in season 628; Texas, kinds of honey in 873; Texas river-bottom, apiaries in 1260; Texas, season in 994; Tongues, length of 991; Top and bottom starters, see starters; Top-bars, narrow v. wide 1250; Top-bars, thinner, preferred 1440; Transferring 366; Transferring from box hives. Wilder on 1321; Transferring to sectional hives 560; Transfer- ring, Todd on 496; Transvaal association 991; Travel-stain, Crane on 1506; Tropics, condi- tions in 1512; Trousers-guards to protect the ankle 545; Troubles of amateur bee-keeper 689, 761, 807, 889, 940, 1059; Turkey, bee-keep- ing in 90; Typewriter, Oliver 1363. Uncapping shallow frames 1251; Uncapping- knives, see knives; Uncapping honey 751; Un- capping, Townsend on 892; Uncapping-box, Mclntyre 760; Uncapping-box made of a bar- rel 751; Unfinished sections, disposal of 1181; Uniting 1137; Uniting in fall 1243; Uniting in spring 348; Uniting with paper between hives 1139. 1175, 1244, 1444; University of Cal- ifornia 1322; Utah, bee-keeping in 764. Veil with shaded wire cloth 1445; Veil held by safety-pin 139; Veils sewed to hat 139; Veils, various 93; Ventilation at back of hive 1115; Ventilation in cellars 208, 275, 360, 1186, 1316; Ventilation of bees in shipment 799; Ventilation of hives in winter 1268; Ventilation to prevent clustering 987; Ventilation to pre- vent swarming 1053; Ventilation cut off by Queen-trap 557; Ventilation, upper 411, 485; Vestibuled entrance, see storm doors: Vinegar from honey 1183; Virgin with plural-queen system 372; Virgin detected by young brood 867, 1139; Virgin killed in introducing-cage 800; Virgins, introduction of 1317; Virginia creeper 1175. Wagons, hauling honey on, see hauling, etc.; Warming artificially for extracting 695, 808, 927; Warming honey before extracting 695, 927; Water in honey 1248; Water for bees 208, 681, 740; Water, lack of in honey 1303; Watering bees, cement trough for 448, 829; Watering bees with wet boards 510; Watery cappings made by good workers 739; Wax candles 687; Wax carried by a bee 799; Wax cakes, to remove from pans 553; Wax craft, review of book 992; Wax good for digestion 739; Wax unwholesome 199; Wax refined with sulphuric acid 633; Wax, testing 643; Wax, amount of honey required to produce 685; Wax, amount in combs 1244; Wax, finish for woodwork 1194, 1423, 1491; Wax, price in Ham- burg 875: Wax, production of in France 1429: Wax-moth larvae 740; Wax-press, Manley 1313; Wax-press, Sibbald 210; Wax -press, steam converted to water 1077; Wax-render- ing, Hatch-Gemmil v. hot water 887, 1121; Wax-rendering, hot-water plan for 557; Wax- rendering, Salisbury on lOSO; Wax -rendering, comments on Sibbald's plan 558; Wax-render- ing, Manley method 1313, 1428; Wax-render- ing, Townsend on 1313; Wax- worms 1123; Weak colony produces fine surplus 636; Weak colony under strong one 867; Weak colonies, to build up 621, 642; Weak colonies, Alexan- der plan for 214, 366, 368, 622, 681; Weather, influence of on honey-flow 1184; Weber en- trance-controller 355; Wells system, see plural-queen system; Wheat, whole, for eat- ing 1423; Wheelbarrow for carrying supers 877; White clover, early bloom of 867; Will- iams, Susan E. 88; Wind power for hive-mak- ing 215; Winter cases 349; Winter case for four hives 1491; Winter cases of paper 92, 150, 292, 369, 697, 831, 1265, 1328; Winter case, home-made 1438; Winter hives packed closely 1427; Winter loss, to make up 576; Winter stores, proper amount of 1303; Winter stores, judging weight of 1181; Winter supply as- sured 1363; Winter, getting rid of old bees for 1135; Winter, killing old queens before 1175; Winter, packing outdoors for 1491; Winter, preparing bees for 1056; Winter, six months of 1125; Winter, supers on hives through 1513; Wintering in the cellar, see cellar wintering; Wintering in damp cellar 214; Wintering in building above ground 1444; Wintering four hives in tenement case 1180; Wintering col- onies shut in hive 1444; Wintering outdoors 1247; Wintering two nuclei in a liive 621; Win- tering two queens in a hive 582, 1307; Winter- ing in Danz. hives wrapped with paper 831; Wintering in pit 1387; Wintering with holes through combs 1381; Winter stores in comb- honey colonies 627; Wintering, question of wind 993; Wintering, results of in Canada 552; Wintering, stores needed for 342; "^'N'inter, tem- porary sheds for 446; Wintering, value of pro- tected apiary 1247; Wires closer at top to pre- vent sagging 799; Wire and splints not neces- sary in combs 699; Wire v. splints, see splints; Wiring frames with needle 372; Wiring foun- dation 365; Wiring without piercing bars 758; Wires, vertical 1388; Wiring, vertical, pre- ferred 1440; Wiring, vertical 1446; Wrappers, transparent, for comb honey 369. EDITORIALS Adulteration, very little 202; African bee- keeping 745: Alexander bee-veil 800; Alexan- der's affliction 990; Alexander, death of 1176; Alexander's articles in book form 1425; Alex- ander's locality 337; Alfalfa cut before ripen- ing 743; Alley, Henry, death of 278; Alsike clover seed, furnishing to farmers 415; Alsike, Agee on 487; Alsike, National Stockman on 487; Alsike v. red clover 339; American I^ee- keeper suspended 989; American Bee-keeper'a GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. list purchased 1116; American Grocer on pure- food law 337; Analysis of American honeys 549; Aspinwall hive not favored 625. Bacteriology of bee diseases 684; Basswood seedlings 201; Bee culture, southern 624; Bee demonstration, getting bees back 742; Bee dis- eases diagnosed 742; Bee diseases in Massa- chusetts 869; Bee paralysis in Florida 1118; Bees not paying 141; Bees as reflex machines 203; Bees v. cattle 201; Bees destroyed by smelter smoke 204; Bees injured on sidewalk 1118; Bees, liandling at theaters 141; Bee-brush of turkey feather 989; Bee-flight diagnosing 742; Bee-keeper's dictionary 988; Bee-keeping in Hawaii 204; Bee-supplies, ordering late 744; Bee-veil with holes in 928; Beeswax must be pure 741: Beeswax, is it digestible? 928; Bees- wax, tariff on 1365; Bender on finding ciueens 744; Buehne capping-melter 628, 802; Bott- ling lioney to prevent a glut 1049; Bottling honey, field for IS; Bottling, to prevent leak- ing 624; Bottom ventilation in cellars 202; Brace-combs made by Caucasians 869; Breed- ing of bees, unimportant characteristics 413; British Bee Journal, discussion of bee dis- eases 684. California bee-keeping 336; California crop a failure 623; Candied comb honey, liquefy- ing 278, 414; Candied honey liquefied in in- cubator 414, 548; Candying of honey 81; Cans, second-hand, not advised 1245; Capping- melter patentable 802; Capping-melter, pat- entability of 626; Caucasians at our south yard 869; Caucasians condemned 870; Cauca- sians as drone-breeders 741; Caucasions ex- cessive drone-breeders 683; Caucasians hardy 929; Caucasians tested at Medina 869; Cau- casians, keeping under control 741; Chemical analvsis of honey 549; Clover seed, furnishing to farmers 415; Clover, alsike, v. red 339; Clover, sweet, Wallace's Farmer on 625; Clovers affected bv drouth 1425; Clovers, are they killed by drouth 1365, 1425; Colonies, difference In temperament 741; Colonies, equalizing in spring 683; Colony dissected 744; Comb and extracted honey in same hive 801; Comb honev by weight in Nebraska 141 ; Comb honev for dining-cars 202; Comb honey liquefied in Incubator 414, 548; Comb honey In transparent paper 79; Comb honey sold with cases 1177; Comb honey, non-separa- tored 490; Comb honey, glut of off grades 625; Comb honey, separatored v. unsepara- tored 339; Comb honey, liquefying 278, 414; Comb honev, marketing too late 928; Comb honev, selling No. 2 for fancy 339; Comb honev, selling too late 1177; Combs extractel without an extractor 989; Combs, old, does it pav to melt 1425; Combs, old, melting up 1366; Convention, Harrlsburg 21, 80; Corn s\Tup V. Glucose 625; Corn syrup, see glu- cose; Cowan's book on wax craft 929; Cow- an's criticism of Dr. White's findings 684; Crop reports 682: Crops for 1908 disappoint- ing 1425. Davenport's tragic death 869; Diagnosmg colonies bv bee-flight 742; Dictionary, bee- keeper's 988; Doolittle's book just from pres^ 1364; Drone comb used in extracting 1425; Drones reared in excess bv Caucasians 683: Drouth in southern Ohio 1424; Drouth, effect on clovers 1365, 1425. Editor's eve injured 683; Entrances pro- tected bv storm-doors 622; Entrance-con- troller, Weber's 488; Equalizing colonies in spring 683; Escape-board in two pieces 929; Express rates high 201; Extracting at Fowls' vard 1051; Extracting without an extractor 989 1425; Extracted-honev packages 624; Eye of editor Injured 683. 801. Feeders not worth patenting 929; Feeding in spring or fall 337. 487; Feeding in spring 413, 487. 548; Food exhibit, Ohio 1117; Food law in California 79: Food law, how it works 278; Footnotes in Gleanings 548; Forest fires in Michigan 1304; Forest fires around Hutch- inson's apiary 1365; Forestry reserves 142; Forestry reserve, Appalachian 624; Foul brood, new law on 684; Foul brood eradicated by melting combs 1366; Foul brood investi- gated in California 928: Foul brood in cen- tral Colorado 801; Foul brood in mails 9?'>: Foul Brood in Massachusetts 868; Foul brood, controlling in absence of law 1305; Foul brood specimens diagnosed 742; Foundation | sagging 82; Foundation, fastening in sections 82; Fowls, Chalon, and power extractor 1051; Frames, Invention of 80i; France, Ed., death of 378. Gleanings for 1909; Glucose in Australia 489; Glucose in sugar, danger of 19; Glucose decisions and Royal leaking Co. 336; Glucose V. corn syrup 79, 278, 625; Glucose, President Roosevelt on 82, 201, Glucose, ' why objected to 547; Glucose, crisis in 79; Glucose, how made 338; Glucose, Wiley on 547; Glucose, why unfit for food 338; Glucose, corn-svrup decision 489; Glucose-factory at Marshall- town, Iowa 413; Golden Italians cross 988; Grading, Improper 339; Grading-rules, new Colorado 490; Greasy waste for smoker fuel 868. Hand sections, split 82; Harrlsburg conven- tion 21, 80; Hawaii quarantine on bees 1176, 1490; Hawaii, bee-keeping in 204, 1050; Hive- cage 868; Hive-lifting devices 869, 1119; Hive, long idea, Poppleton's 1118; Homesteads free 801; Honey for dining-cars 202; Honey at ho- tels 203; Honey from southern California 547; Honey Identified by pollen 623; Honey lique- fied in Incubator 414, 548; Honey market more stable 1244; Honey prospects 743; Honev sent through mails 1364; Honey for preserving fruit 278; Honey taken from combs without an extractor 989; Honey crop of 1908 falling short 1425; Honey crop, conditions of 1050, 1117; Honey market, situation of 988; Honev, analysis of 549; Honey, bottling, to prevent a glut 1049; Honey, candying of 81; Honey, helping national to advertise 742; Honev, la- beling 488; Honey, market and prices 1177; Honey, selling, caution about 743, 988; Honev, variations in 81; Honey-knives with straight handles 1244; Hutchinson's fight with fires 1365. Incubator for liquefying honey 414, 548; Irrigated farms 547; Irrigation in Idaho 626; Italians for .Japan 201; Italians, extra yel- low, cross 988. Labeling honey 1049; Labeling honey, cau- tion 488; Langstroth's son-in-law 1116; Larvae for grafting 1119; Larvae, age of for grafting 1119; Leakage from bottles, to pre- vent 624; Liquefying candled honey 278, 414, 548; Live-bee demonstration, getting bees back 742. Maeterlinck on flowers 202; Mailing honey, caution ab'->ut 1364; Management of Glean- ings 487; Manley on winter losses 141, 1305; Manley on turning losses into profit 141, 1305; Manuscript and photos to same journal 1176; Marketing, conditions of 1050; Market, San Francisco, quoted too high 1426; Migratory bee-keeping in Florida 1118; ]\^ilk and honey 740; Milking honey out of combs 1425; Mis- branding honey 488; Moving bees in winter or spring 1424; Movable frames. Invention of 801; Mustard as a honey-plant 79. National convention, picture of 1304, 1490; National convention at Detroit 1176; Nation- al, election of its officers 1489. Ohio state fair, food exhibit 1117; Ontario government on spraying trees 745; Orthodoxy, our bee-lveeping position 548. Parcels post 142. 489, 693; Parcels post de- nied by congress 623; Parcels post, silly ar- guments against 279; Patentability of cap- ping-melter 626. 802; Photos suitable for illus- trations 1304; Planning work at outyard 683; Plural-queen system 277; Poisonous honey wanted 801; Pollen grains to identify honey 623; Poppleton's migratory bee-keeping 1118; Postal law. new 487: Postal notes 79; Power extractor. Fowls' 1051; Prices for 1908 625; Profits in bees 141; Pure-food exhibit at Ohio fair 1117: Pure-food law in Oklahoma 800; Pure-food law weakened 337. Quarantine on queens to Honolulu 1176. 1490; Queens stopping laying in fall 1304: Queens, difficulty in finding 744; Queens, breeding for color 413; Queens, two in a hive 203. 277; Queen-breeder, difffculties of 338. Raspberry pasture destroved by fire 136'; Renewal offers 1425: Requeenlng, automatic 625; Rheumatism and stings 202; Ritter, James, ^•isit from 1051; Robbing honey out of combs 989; Robbing, dangers of 989: Rus- sian experiment station 626; Russian govern- ment oflficlal 988. GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Sage honey scarce in California 741; San Francisco market quoted too high 1426; Schoolchildren, bee-talks for 20; Sealed cov- ers V. absorbents 1489; Sections, split, a la hand 82; Sections, split, when introduced 488; Sections, split, v. regular 414; Sections, split, V. whole 415; Sections, split, in England 414; Sections, weight of 277; Sections, weight of in Nebraska 337; Second-hand cans con- demned 1245; Selling honey by sample 1049; Selling honey by weight 141; Selling honey, caution 743; Separatored honey v. unsepara- tored 339; Shipping-cases sold with honey 1177; Simmins, S., pioneer in inventions 488; Smelter smoke and bees 204; Smoker fuel, greasy waste for 868; Split sections a la hand 82; Split sections, see sections, split; Spray- ing in bloom, consequences of 546; spraying, Ontario government on 745; Spring or fall feeding 337; Square cans v. barrels 1245; Square cans, new v. second-hand 1245; Square cans, second-hand not advised 1245; Stings for rheumatism 202; Sting, painless 802; Storm-doors at entrances 622, 1488; Straw- berries preserved in honey 278; Subscription ■offers 1489; Subscriptions, unexpired 277; Sugar, cane or beet 928, 1117; Sulphites in- jurious to health 21; Supers, getting bees in- to 802; Supers, shallow v. deep for extract- I A. I. ROOT' Advertising, misleading 1454; Air, navigating 1453; Alfalfa for chicks 1334; Alfalfa for hens •648; Alfalfa and lime 1273; Anti-saloon league in Florida 162: Anti-saloon league upheld 897; Apples, raw, for food 1333. Bee-keepers and poultrymen 1454; Beer for v-orkmen, effect of 43; Bible, chicken 1146; Firds, Roosevelt on 1334; Biscuit of shredded wheat 1145; Boys visiting at cabin in the woods 953: Brooder, flreless 770; Butter, thurnless 1452. Cabins in the woods 835; Cannon denounced 1274; Celery story, big 709; Celery v. wheat -10; Celery, Latimer's farm 511, 587; Charts, temperance, in school 1331; Chauffeurs, drunken 1451; Chicks, dav-old 1146; Chicken story 237: Chickens for boys 647: Chickens without brooder 44; Chickens, raising in Au- gust 1146: Clover, crimson 298; Cool, to keep 1015; Copyright, 767; Cottage, our Florida 1015. Ducks 898; Dull and sluggish 708. Eggs, germless 956; Eggs, non -hatching SOT; Electricity, progress of 1392; Eggs, wom- an's gi-eat record 837. Florida, drawbacks of 373; Florida mostly dry 1018; Food, uncooked, etc. 1012. Gardening in Florida 160; Grip, remedy for 44: Grip, Terry on 709; Guns for boys 1274. Hanley, governor 1274; Hens without males S37, 956; Hen, contrary 895; Hen's nest, to make 768, 898: Holmes, death of Mrs. 644; Homes, discussion of 103; Honey and apples for food 1272; Hopper feeding 837, 1085. Inoculation of clover soil 838; Island, Robin- son Crusoe 1017. Jelly of glucose 710. Lancaster meeting 1141; Lawson, T. L. 1145; Leghorns in Florida, A. I. R.'s 44; Liberty, personal 1451; Lies concerning temperance ing 1244; Swarming prevented by running for extracted 624; Swarming, hives v. methods to prevent 625; Swarming, prevention of 801; Sweet clover on Chicago canal 929; Sweet clover for cattle 202; Sweet clover, "Wallace's Farmer on 625; Syrup for winter food 1244. Tariff on wax and honey 1365; Telephone wires kill bees 1118; Tiering up or under 801; Topics for 20; Trolley wire to avoid lift- ing hives 1119; Turkey feather to brush bees 989. Uncapping by machinery 1425; Uncapping- knives, hot or cold 990; Uncapping-knife, straight-handled 1244; Uniting by paper plan 1304; Uniting in fall, hints on 1178. Ventilation, bottom, in cellars 202. Wax craft, by Cowan 929; Wax production, does it pay 1366; Wax-moths and foul brood 201; Weber's entrance-controller 488; Wells system 203; Wheelbarrow, hive-lifting 988; Wilder's southern bee culture 624; Wiley on glucose 80; Winter cases for bees 337; Win- ter cases, color of 413; Winter cases, paper 546; Winter losses converted into profit 141; Winter losses turned into profit 1305; Winter, general preparations for 1245; Wintering in cellar or outdoors 1245; Wintering in warm building 1489; Wyoming, bee territory for 19. S WRITINGS 588; Living long 1332; Longevity, Wu-Ting- Fang 1145. Magazines and temperance 1451; Manure, waste of poultry 1083; Marriage, divorce, etc. 1081; McClave. visit to 705; Miller's first visit at Medina 1448; Minister, the fearless 958; Missouri voting dry 648; Mob law 766; Mon- day, sickness on 1333; Money, place to de- posit 1209; Money wasted by children 1389; Murray on the saloon 1332. Navy, needless to enlarge 1017, 1271; Nuts and apples 1271. Oats, sprouted 770; Oats, wild 1329; Ohio on temperance 1018; Overcoming, Cartter on 1211. Parcels post 162; Partridges 9.57; Phllo, visit to 585; Poultrv-book, best 1214; Poultry, profits in 1517; Poultry-house of cloth 1273, 1516; Pro- ■ gressive poultry culture 1213. Reforms, moral 449; Robbing the sick 1454; Root, A. I., his department 1334. Saloons and police 1394, 1450; Secret for winter eggs 1274; Secrets, selling 431, 512, 765, 1214, 1333; Seed, selecting 833; Shoe, Coward 1514: Stomach, troubles with 1454; Suicide, adultery, etc. 1269; Sweet clover for pasture 161, 710. 838, 1018, 1144. Temperance among bee-keepers 1332; Tem- perance in Indiana 1452; Temperance, two sets of boys 707: Terry and his teachings 1086; Tuberculosis 236. Uhl, visit to 586. Ventilation 296; Voting for good men 1086. Wellington, meeting in 704; Wells, blowing 104; Wheat, Alaska 1085; Wheat, book of 1212; Wheat, Egyptian 1144; Wheat, miracle 1145: Wheat, rolled, home-made 1393; Whisky and consumption 1454; Whisky, jug for Christmas 707, 1518; Wright brothers 836, 1390. CONTRIBUTORS Adema, W. M. 1327; Aikin, R. C. 1511; Allen G. H. 703; Allen, H. G. 1137; Alexander, E W. 29, 209, 281, 366, 418. 504, 572, 642, 1135 Alwin, L. C. 1265; Amnions, B. A. 102; Ander- son, D. L. 1139; Anderson, grant 102; Anthony S. 434; Archibald, T.' 1137; Ashley, A. A. 1388 Aspinwall, L. A. 758; Atkinson, J. C. 509; At- water, E. F. 151, 221, 820, 855, 877, 1127, 1439 Auten, B. C. 1328; Averill, B. F. 755. Babcock, G. W. 1185; Bachtel, I. C. 1387 Bacon, Mrs. J. W. 693; Bagnall, F. E. 950 Bailey, John 757: Baker, E. C. 1011; Balch .1. C. 213: Baldwin, E. G. 1254; Baldwin, L. E. 1139; Barr, C. W. 584, 829; Barringer T J 41: Bartlebaugh, Rev. J. B. 150; Bassett, H lOOo; Bearden, J. A. 952; Becktell, R. S 583- Beckwith, L W. 236, 1011; Bell, John 951- Bender, C. F. 433; Bentley, Jack, 832; Ben- ton, R. 1322, 1432; Berguy, M. B. 102; Best D. E. 1447; Beuglas, Wm. 1139; Beuhne r' 1203; Bibbee, Welch 636; Biddle, Ben 40; Bieseman, P. 949, 1326; Bigelow, E. F. 1495; Blocher, D. J. 1512; Blunk, J. P. 448; Boddie, C. L. 101; Bohm, Peter 830; Bonney, A. F. 583, 946, 1010. 1138; Boothe, W. J. D. 1387; Bradley, B. H. 91; Breach, P. W. 1512; Breon, M. D. 1208; Brewer, M. L. 570; Britt, E. 944; Britton, E. C. 1438; Brovald, A. C. 997, 1137; Brown, E. L. 233. 1262; Bruhn, A. 236, 1438; Brunner, M. A. R. 1435; Brunnich, Dr. S14, 878. 1002; Burch, G. 294; Burnett, R. A. 39- Burns, A. J. 364; Burr, Leslie 699, 1126; Bush, C. 1011; Bussey, Earl 156; Buttel-Reepen, H. 223, 438, 820, 1187; Byer, J. L. 98, 292, 633, 887, 935: Byers. G. W., .Jr. 102. Campbell, F. R. C. 42; Campbell. S. M. 635; Cargo. C. H. 295, 1266; Cartan, Fred J. 219- Case W. W. 362, 1008, 1199; Chalmers, D. 894- Churchill. E. P. 052. 1511; Clark, L. C 806- Clarke, E. H. 235; Click, S. 510; Clover, S k' GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 449; Coggshall, W. L. 1010; Condra, Harley 150, 235; Conger, C. lOTSj Conklin, W. B. 234; Conracls. W. C. 449; Conrad, C. E. 830; Cooke, A. N. 1262; Cooper, Wm. L. 214; Corliss, E. E. 832; Coverdale, Frank 220; Coveyou, E. E. 1064; Cox E. 1513; Craig, Wm. 1511; Crane, J. A. 429, 757, 1126; Crane, .1. E. 1057, 1506; Cressy, S. W. 832; Crim, W. W. 356; Crimoldy, C. 369; Crisley, J. G. 952; Crone, H. W. 1011; Crowther, H. P. 810; Culver, Amelia J. 446; Cutler, Virgil P. 102; Cyrenius, P. H. 268, 568, 1080, 1135. Dailev, W. C. 950; Dalzell, C. G. 831; Daniels, H. G. 894; Danielson, D. 635; Danzenbaker, F. 447; Davene.s, D. 295; Davidson. W. T. 363, 371, 1316; Davis, J. C. 1315; Davis, J. L. 1259; Davis, J. M. 700; Dayton, C. W. 1509; Dean, P. W. 1139, 1140; Devlin, W. I. 42; Dewev, D. H. 764; Dickson, .1. "W. 366; Doerr, H. W. 1011; Douglas, C. 446; Duff, G. B. 448. Eastman, Geo. H. 701, 1268; Eastman, W. C. 1445; Ebert, Wm. P. 42; Ebrito, L. C. 1132; Ellis, E. B. 893; Ellis, Mrs. Almeda 1446. Fennell, J. T. 1010; Pisher, R. P. 829; Flu- hartv, C. O. 1007, 1381; Poseman, A. W. 1079 Posler, R. R. 631; Poss, C. E. 949; Foster W. 1074, 1251; Pox, Elias 42, 1140; Prazier, F 5S3; Prance, N. E. 349; Pritts, C. B. 1327 Fritsche, E. 288. Garabedian, S. D. 1138; Gates, C. M. 372 Gatelev, L. E. 830, 1200, 1372; Gathright, W. C 1445; George, J. W. 1125; Gibson, S. C. 582 Gill. M. A. 359; Gipson, A. E. 632; Colder P. C. 234; Gowan, L. B. 1194; Graff, J. L. 940 Grav, Margaret 1444; Gray, .Joseph 157; Gray, J. 505, 1200; Graper, Leonard 101; Graves, H E. 832; Greenwood, H. E. 952; Gregory. A. L 1186, 1434; Greiner. P. 1.57, 424; Greulich, H 1444; Griffin, H. 1444; Griggs, S. J. 813; Grin- nell, Mrs. W. 1267; Grover, G. 448. Haines, G. W. 1208, 1263; Haines, G. W. 1263; Hale, R. L. 938; Hall, B. D. 582; Hall, D. S. 763; Hall, F. W. 561, 1011; Hall, J. B. 1080; Halter, A. J. 282, 1009; Hamelberg. J. H. J. 1196; Hamilton, P. W. 1137; Hammond. Douglas D. 102. 288; Hand. J. E. 35. 40, 155, 422, 507, 560, 702, 820, 881, 934, 996, 1076, 1328; Hansen, C. H. 1439; Harford, B. P. 830; Harp- ster, W. P. 372; Harris, C. S. 1387; Hart, H. F. 703; Hassler, Wm. M. 758; Hatch, C. A. 558; Heberlv, J. A. 1323; Henline, H. R. 1326; Herold, A. D. 448; Hershiser, O. 347, 420, 557: Hobo, .1. 1325; Holmes, Fr. 952; Holtermann, R. P. 99, 153. 210, 285, 360, 495, 817; Hood. A. H. 1447; Hope, E. J. 763; Hopps, A. D. 234; Howard, C. H. 692; Howard, .1. P. 810; Howden, A. S. 1133; Howell, E. D.; Hud- son, E. S. 584; Hummel!, L. 1199; Hutchison, .T. A. 1446; Hutchinson, W. Z. 562, 638, 693, 751, 811, 893; Hv.ser, H. W. 233. .James, E. H. 1128; Jameson, H. M. 643; Johnson. E. J. 643; Johnson, H. 510; Johnson, J. H. 1139; Jones, P. 1079; Jones, G. P. 696; Jones, H. B. 828, 832. Kautz, TV. H. 1010; Kibbe, E. B. 1267; Kid- der. John W. 1138; Klees, C. P. 763; Kline, J. E. 431; Krumm, P. J. 235; Kunke, G. 447. Lambert, F. B. 1139; Landis. Hiram 153; Latham, Allan 212, 290, 357, 509; Lathrop, Harry 233, 1380; Lawing. S. S. 371; Lawrence. E. E. 1208; Lawson, W. 1267; Lebner, H. 1512: Leeds, Sarah B. 696; Leggett, M. P. 1140; Leister, A. 937; Les-ser, F. W. 1077; Lester. Edw. 948; Levens, J. B. 949; Lewis, W. T. 894; T^ittlefield, ^V. J. 509; Lockhart, A. R. 40; Long. I. 294; Longsdorf, Wm. P. 569; Loomis, C. B. 372; Lunde, G. A. 1263; Lyon, D. E. 1256. Macklin. C. G. 763; Manning. E. 828; Marrs, D. P. 371; Martin, G. W. 1387; Martin, W. 1267; Mason, C. H. 952; Masse, Maurus 687; Matthews. G. C. 1373; Mavs, W. 370; Mc- Adams, H. R. 1268; McCollev. R. L. 764; Mc- Evoy. Wm. 233: McFadden. C. H. 42; McPan- ick, J. S. 1374; McGlade, Mrs. P. 809; Mcln- tyre, H. D. 97; McManes, M. E. 582; Meaker, E. 1207; Mellen, H. P. 1071; Mendle.son, M. H. 1202, 1505; Mickwitz, P. 1257; Miller, B. P. 42; Miller, Dr. C. C. 34, 38, 147, 290. 349, 423, 556, 805, 890, 1073, 1204, 1383, 1441; Miller, J. E. 1140; Mills, A. I. 701, 1208; Miner, D. I. 1512; Miner, E. L. 637; Mitchem, I. B. 831; Moore, J. P. 1268; Moore, W. 1512; Morgan, E. A. 692; Morris, G. TV. 944; Morrison, W. K 287, 352, 426, 429, 574, 885, 888, 894, 1006. 1009, 1206; Morse, A. J. 1011; Mottaz, A. 829; Mourn, G. W. 643; Mover, H. M. 1268; Muth, Fred W. 32; Muth-Rasmussen Wm. 936. Neal, C. A. 372; Newell, E. A. 1140; Nico- laidis, N. J. 90; Norton, W. L. 372. Orton, P. 1504; Ott, Wm. P. 89. Palmer, C. B. 829, 1136; Palmer, S. A. 643; Patterson, J. L. 428; P. B. R. 1268; Pellett. P. C. 1318; Pennell, R. L. 236, 1440; Pennell, R. S. 1440; Perez y Perez, J. 1136; Perkins, Hen- rv 1139; Peterson, J. Y. 559; Peterson, W. C. 1328; Philbrook. G. E. 1388; Pittam. O. A. 1208; Pouder. Walter S. 34, 699, 1069, 1319; Price, C. W. 690; Pritchard, M. T. 1008; Pryal, W. A. 284. Ragan, W. H. 583; Raney, C. 633; Reader, A. 1137; Reddout, 763, 1445; Redfield, P. W. 433; Reed, X. A. 41, 159, 294, 702; Reeves, M. R. 1513; Reiman, P. 1441; Reiner, Otto 1447; Rexford, O. S. 447; Reynders, C. 1443; Rich, G. W. 1320; Robert.son, J. M. 830; Rob- ertson. U. L. 510; Robinson. T. P. 215. 1374, 1513; Rood, E. B. 643, 703; Root. E. R. 33, 88, 93. 283. 351, 353, 757. 938, 998, 1060, 1061, 1067, 1133, 1261, 1317, 1437, 1499; Root, H. H. 92. 148, 217. 1070, 1125, 1375; Rose, Joseph P, 98: Rowan, J. D. 446: Ruff. J. A. 1388; Ruge, Wm. 367; Rumsev, C. W. 235; Rutherford, S. D. 829. Sackett, H. A. 369; Sager, C. W. 831; Salis- burv, P. A. 702, 1080; Sanders, W. H. 950 Saule, M. P. 950; Scherer, L. E. 41; Scherer L. H. 370; Schumann. B. L. 583; Scholl, L 1260; Selser, W. A. 1264; Shank, Mrs. L. B 41; Shattuck, E. H. 582; Shepard, A. D. 943 Sherburne, R. 947; Shumard, Clara 643 Shumard. 'I. T. 643: Simmins, S. 506; Slease Burt 1011; Slease, Mrs. Lucy C. 1207; Smith B. P.. Jr. 1446; Smith. C. F. 365; Smith. L B. 567; Snodgrass. R. I^. 1445; Sonnemann, R 643; Spafford, B. P. 448; Spencer, R. M. 697 Sprot, J. H. 1512; St. John, B. P. 511: Stack- house, Wm. Y. 101; Stanlev, G. 449, 581 Steiner. W. B. 357; Sterling, A. G. 952; Stev- ens, W. O. 637; Stewart. C. 1510; Stewart. H 829: Stewart, P. B. 445: Stoneman, A. D. 568 Strittmatter. F. J. 447; Surface, H. A. 571, 580. 1001. 1058; Sutherland, T. 1446; Swarth- more. 1264; Sweet, C. E. 1140. Tait. R. D. 1128; Taylor, R. L. 555, 753; Tavlor, W. C. 1513; Thompson, R. 584; Thomp- son, J. R. 372; Tidd. C. H. 764; Tien, A. 1447; Timonev, Bertha M. 703; Tinsley, J. 1383; Todd. D. 496: Todd. P. D. 689, 761, 807, 889, 940, 943, 1059; Townsend, B. D. 344, 367, 419, 500. 576. 640, 686, 759, 808, 892. 945, 999, 1138, 1184, 1253. 1313. 1371. 1431, 1513; Townsend, M. 581; Tyler, M. D. 562. Ursh, J. W. 583. V. A. H. 828: VanGalder, A. C. 509; Van Buren. J. L. 1328; Van Every, M. B. 703; Vin- cent, E. H. 828. W^addell, J. 832; Waggoner, D. R. 435, 1436; Waggoner. J. 949: Waite. B. E. 832; Walrath, F. W. 1388; TVat.sic. J. P. 1444; Weaver, D. P. 703; Weber, C. H. W. 95; White, Miss Willie 832; White, J. C. 369; White. T. H. 1512; Whitney. L. B. 1058; Whitney, Wm. M. 36. 702. 883, 949, 1205; Wilder, J. J. 806, 1321; Williamson, B. 1388; Witherell. H. J. 1386; Woodward. B. N. 1076. 1327; Worsley, B. J. 510; Wright, H. R. 1138; Wright, Mile 583; Wurth, C. A. 1324. Yoder, G. J. 431, 584; Yoder, J. S. 637. Zeinz, J. L. 102; Zimmerman, R. B. 447. ILLUSTRATIONS Agitator for honey-tank 1134; Alarm for fill- ing honey-cans 761. 811, 812; Alexander home and apiary 1504, 1505; Alexander, last portrait of 1507; Alexander, portrait of 1255; Alfalfa, cured under hay-caps 884; Alley, Henry 352; Apiary with and without shade 1315; Apiary between two rivers 1128; Apiary in orchard in Oregon 1059; Apiary in connection with truck- farm 1129; Apiary in South America 429; Apiary protected from floods 1260; Apiary of home-made hives, Shepard's 942; Apiary and home of Alexander 1504, 1505; Apiary of home- 10 GLEANINGS IN BEE CUL'l URE. made hives, Hummell's 1199; Apiary of Susan Williams 89; Apiary, back-lot in Indiana 1319; Apiary, Britt, in Oregon 943; Apiary, Coggs- hall's 1499-1501; Apiary, Bartlebaugh's 150; Apiary, Fowls' 1377; Apiary, Hutcliinson's in Michigan; 753; Apiary, Klein's 430: Apiary, Mercer's plan of arranging 149; Apiary, Dr. Miller's 1442; Apiary, Morris, in Kentuclcy 945; Apiary, North Carolina 696; Apiary, Patter- son's elevated 428; Apiary, queen-rearing 693; Apiary, Texas 635; Apiary, Townsend's Kal- kaska, in Michigan 1000; Apiary, Townsend's Pine Lake, in Michigan 999; Aspinwall's apiary 1065-1069. Bee-tree, Cartan's 219; Bee-tree, large 637; Beuhne, F. R. 1062; Beuhne watching flight of bees 1063; Boat for moving Holterman's bees 1257-1259; Bottom-board, double 98, 1136, 1266; Box hi\-e, removing sides 498; Box-liive apiary 1059; Boys, two views of 698; Brace- combs built by Caucasians 1132. 1133; Brood- frames, deep space under 1266; Brunnich, Dr.. of Switzerland 814; Building, removing honey from roof 570. Cage, collapsible, for demonstration 33; Can- filling arrangement. Townsend's 761; Can- flller, Atwater's 1440; Can-flller, automatic 811; Canadian Ass'n men, Simcoe and Middle- sex counties 817; Capping-melter, Peterson's 559; Capping-melter, latest pattern 1378-1380; Capping-melter, Mercer's 218; Car, to load hives in 502; Cartons, comb-honey 1072; Cau- casians build brace-combs 1132, 1133; Cauca- sians, comb honey from 691; Celery, growing in Florida 566, 567; Cellar. Davidson's con- crete 1317: Clustering out in spite of shade- boards 944; Coggshall's apiary and home 1499- 1501; Comb honey, fancy 91; Comb honey from super containing extracting-combs 631; Comb lionev twelve years old 1437; Comb-honey ex- hibition-cases 1436; Comb supported only by wire 34; Comb-building, natural, in glass hive 1495; Combs built in open air 569, 692; Combs built outdoors 692; Combs with hole cut in center for winter 1381; Convention, Brant district 285; Convention, Michigan 'state 428; Convention south Idaho and east Oregon 632; Convention of National association 1502, 1503. Panielson. Daniel 634: Danzen baker frames well filled 636: Demonstration, Dr. Bigelow's in Indiana 30; Drone, queen, and worker •1006; Drumming bees from box hives 497. Egg. enlarged view of 1498; Entrance, ves- tibuled 1080: Entrance-block 1447: Entrance, contractor 234: Entrance-controller. "Weber 96; Entrance-protector, Halter's 97; Entrance protected bv slanting board 1387; Entrance, deep 290, 1328; Entrance-protector 354; En- trance-wedges, to control size of 369; En- trance, T\^oodward's protected 1327; Escape, hive-lifting lever for inserting 695; Exhibit in Utah 433; Exhibit by Lebanon association 1262: Exhibit at Virginia state fair 636; Ex- hibit, Bailey's 756: Exhibits of The A. I. Root Co. 235. 283. 284; Exhibition-cases for comb honey 1436; Extracting-house, Hanson's 1439; Extracting-room, Fowls' 1376: Extractor, Eng- land 1385. Feed-mixing can 1264; Feeder, Alexander, capacity of increased 151; Feeder, glass-cov- ered, for back of hive 1438; Feeder, England and Canada 1385; Feeder, simplicitv used as Alexander 295; Floods, apiary protected from 1260; Florida cottage, dia.gram of 1015; Flor- ida, homes of A. I. Root 819; Flying-machine, Wright's 1382; Foul-brood colonies, comb honey from 495. 496: Foul-brood map of New Eng- land 1001; Foundation gnawed when fastened with splints 1127; Foundation-fastener. Dewey 764; Foundation, buckling of 152; Foundation" Yoder's plan to fasten on three sides 431, 432: Fowls. Chalon. and familv 1375; Frame-S. Eng- land 1384: Frame-spacer, bent nail for 41; France, E. 351; Fritzsche, Edna 289. Ghurib Das 287: Grading, dishonest 358. 813: Gradmg, proper 1316. | Hand-car in apiary 568; Hassler Bros. 758; Hives made by windmill 217; Hive, England 1384; Hives, curious patterns of 1435; Hives, evolution of 574. 575, 576; Hives, ornamental 3 57; Hive-cover of shingles 1138; Hive-lifter 1"'.22; Hive-lifting crane 951; Hive-lifting lever ior inserting escape 695: Hive-lifting wheel- cart 951; Hive-lifting wheelbarrow 997; Hive r umber, SchoH's 87; Hive-scraper 102; Hive shed, Wagoner's 436: Hive-stand, elevated 284 Hive-stand of .'^aw-mill slab 234; Hive-tool Atwater's 877; Holland bee-keeping 1195-1198 Honey properly graded 1316; Honey-board Crane's, to prevent travel-stain 1507, 1508; Honey-gate, home-made 221; Honey-house. Atwater's portable 886; Honey-plant that 1 looms after frost 356; Honey-plants in New Zealand 434; Honey-tanks, Alexander's 1506; Honeysuckle arbor 1130, 1131; Hornet's nest 819. Introducing cage, new style of Miller 763; Introducing-cage, Miller improved 147. Kramer, Ulrich 879. Landis. Hiram 153; Legs of bee, Brunnich en 1002-1006; Liquefler made like cake-tin 948 Merrill, D. E. 757; Mice-gnawed combs 698; Michigan, hard-maple forests in 563; Miller. Dr. C. C. 939: Moving on water to basswood 1257-1259; Moving bees, screen cover for 501: Muse. Winnie C. 633, National convention meeting place 755; Nur- sery-cage, Bain's 1318. Observatory hive. Rich's 1320; Oil-stove for heating uncapping-knife 751; Open-air colon\' 569; Outdoor colony 692. Paper, fastening around hive 1080; Paper winter case 355; Paper winter cases 697. 1265: Paper winter cases, to put on 93; Pollen on legs of bees 1496, 1497; Poultry-coop 638. Quebec bee-keepers 154; Queens, two win- tered in one hive 582; Queen-excluder as used in England 1386; Queen-rearing, Fluharty on 1007. Raspberry pasturage in Michigan 564, 565; Rauchfuss, Frank and family 32; Robinson, T. P. 215. Separators. Atwater's method of cleaning S78: Shade and no shade 1315; Shade of honey- suckle arbor 1130, 1131; Shade-boards, cluster- in,g out in spite of 944; Shed apiary 90. 288: Shed apiary in Maine 637; Shed for winter Britton's 1438; Shed for winter packing 446; Shipping-case, sliding-cover 1060; Shoe. Cow- ard 1514; Smile that won't come off 1201; Smoker-valve, to renew 371; Splints gnawed bv bees 1127; Split sections 631; Step-ladder, handy 437; Storm-door 96. 97, 354, 1080, 1387; Strainer, cheese-cloth. Hutchinson on 812: Strainer supported by heavy wire cloth 1208; Strainer, Townsend's 761: Sun palace for national convention 755; Super, England 1384; Swarm, Davidson's 1317; Swarm, to hive 814-816; Swarm-catching cage 1261; Swarm- catcher of burlap sack 764; Swarm-catcher. Dayton's 1509; Sweet clover, cattle feeding on 220; Sweet clover on Chicago drainage canal 940, 941; Swiss bee station 427; Swiss bee- keeping 879, 880-884. Tent for chickens 1508; Transferring bees from box hives 497-499; Transferring. Wilder's method 1321; Travel-stain, Crane's honev- board to prevent 1507, 1508; Tvler, M, D.. of Seville 1070. Uncapping-box, Mclntyre, Townsend on 760; TTncapping-can made of cracker-barrel 751; Uncapping-knife heater 751. Veils, various styles of 93, 94; Virgins in nursery-cage 1318; Von Buettel-Reepen in garden 222. Wagon for selling honey 1071; Wagon, honey and vegetable 1129; Wagon, removable tray for 1377, 1378: Watering-device for chicks 1074; Wax -press. Sibbald's 211 : Wax-separator, Aikin's 1314: Windmill, Robinson's 216; Winter case and vestibuled entrance 97: Winter cases of boxes 697; Winter cases of tar paper 151; Winter ca-^es of paper 151, 1265; Williams, Susan E. 88; Wiring frames 758. GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 11 Books for Bee "keepers and Others. Any of these books on which postage is uot given will be forwarded by mail postpaid, on receipt of price As many of the bee-hooks are sent with other goods by freight or express, incurring no postage, we give prices separately. Vou will notice that you can judge of the size of the books very well by the amount re- quired for postage on each. BIBLES, HYMN-BOOKS, AND OTHER GOOD BOOKS. Postage.] [Ppice without postage 8 I Bible, good print, neatly bound 20 10 I Bunyan's Pilgrim's Progress** 40 1 I Gospel Hymns, consolidated, Nos. 1, 2, 3, and I. words only; cloth 10 2 I Same, board covers 20 3 I New Testament in pretty flexible covers 05 One-half off on all Gospel Hymns mentioned above. 5 I New Testament, new version, paper covers 10 10 I New Testament, both Spanish and English.. .. 25 In this book the Spanish is given in one column, and the English right opposite in another column. Every verse is opposite the corresponding one in the column adjoining, .so that it affords the reader the very readiest means of comparing the language of the two. The writer has found this book to be a great help in the learning of Spanish, and he has also received spiritual benefit by getting a glimpse of the word of God in another language. The book is published bj' the American Bible Society, and we hope and trust it may have a good sale. 6 I Christian's Secret of a Happy Ufe. Cloth 25 For several years we have been unable to get a nice substantial copy of this book at a reasonable price. We are glad to tell our friends now, however, that we have a very pretty edition, bound in cloth, at the very reasonable price of '25 cents. If wanted by mail, add 6 cents for postage. This book has had a very large sale for more than 20 years, and when I tell you that quite a number of people have been converted to the I,ord Jesus Christ simply by reading it you will no longer wonder why it sells. At one time it was carried and sold by the newsboys on our railways. It not only contains a wonderful "secret" for unbelievers, but for many who have been church-members all their lives, but not the "happy" churchmembers that God in- tended we should be. BOOKS ESPECIALLY FOR BEE-KEEPERS. 25 I A B C of Bee Culture, cloth 1 25 25 I " " halfleather 175 2.5 I " " full leather 2 25 25 1 " " German, paper 175 25 1 " " " cloth 2 25 25 I " " French 2 25 10— Advanced Bee Culture 1 00 5 I Amerikanische B'enenzucht 95 I Bienenzucht und Honiggewinnung 25 Or "Bee Culture and the Securing of Honey," a Ger- man bee-book. 15 I Cook's Manual, cloth 1 00 5 I Doolittle on Queen-rearing, leatherette cover... 70 15 I I,angstroth Revised, by Chas. Dadant & Son 1 10 10 I Quinby's New Bee-keeping 90 5 I British Bee-keeper's Guide-book, by Thomas William Cowan, England g 95 5 I The Honey-bee, byThos. William Cowan 95 10 I How to Keep Bees 90 3 I Merrybanks and His Neighbor, by A. I. Root... 12 10 I Forty 'Years Among the Bees. By Dr. C. C. Miller, Marengo, 111 90 15 I Modern Bee-farm. By S. Simmins. New edi- tion; cloth bound 1 85 MISCELLANEOUS HAND-BOOKS. Postage.] [Ppice without postage. 5 I A B C uf Carp Culture, by Geo. Finley 26 5 I A B C of Strawberry Culture,** by T.B. Terry.. New edition, revised and enlarged; paper, 45c; cloth, ()8c: by mail, 75c. 5 I A B C of Potato Culture, Terry** New edition, revised & enlarged ; paper, 45c; cloth, t)8c, mail 75c. This is T. B. Terry's first and most masterly work. 6 I Aspar . Take advantage of this combination offer. . H. HUNT €J. SON REDFORD, MICH. ( NEAR DETROIT ) 1908 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. r C. H. W WEBER \ Headquarters for I Y BEE SUPPLIES Distributor of R.oot*s Goods Exclusively, at Root's Factory Prices GIVE ME YOUR ORDERS for tke Best Goods Made. You will be pleased on receipt of them. You will save money by ordering from me. My stock is complete; in fact, I keep every thing the bee-keeper needs. Cincinnati is one of the best shipping-points in the Union, particularly in the South, as all freight now goes through Cincinnati. Satisfaction guaranteed. Send for descrip- tive catalog and price list. It will be mailed you promptly free of charge. Special Discount on Early- Orders I will buy your HONEY AND BEESWAX. I pay Cash on Delivery; or if you are in need of honey, write for prices and state quantity wanted, and I will quote you the lowest price of any quantity wanted' — in cans, barrel- lots, or car-lots — of extracted or comb honey. I guarantee its purity. WANTi:D=»$weet Clover. If you have Sweet Clover, state if yellow or white, hulled or unhuUed, also quantity and lowest price. C. H. W. WBBER Office and Salesroom, 214G-2148 Central Ave. AVareHouse, Freemax^ ax^d Cerktral Avenue. CINCINNATI, ^ ^ OHIO GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTUEE. Jan. 1 Honey Markets. GRADING RULES FOR COMB HONEY. Fancy.— All sections well filled, combs straight, firmly at- tached to all four sides, the combs unsoiled by travel-stain or otherwise; all the cells sealed except an occasional one, the outside surface of the wood well scraped of propolis. A No. 1. — All sections well filled except the row of cells next to the wood; combs straight; one-eighth part of comb surface soiled, or the entire surface slightly soiled; the outside sur- face of the wood well scraped of propolis. No. 1.— All sections well filled except the row of cells next to the wood; combs comparatively even ; one-eighth part of comb surface soiled, or the entire surface slightly soiled. No. 2. — Three-fourths of the total surface must be filled and sealed. No. S.— Must weigh at least half as much as a full-weight section. In addition to this the honey Is to be classified according to color, using the terms white, amber, and dark; that is, there win be " Fancy White," " No. 1 Dark," etc. The prices listed below are Intended to represent, as nearly as possible, the average market prices at which honey and beeswax are selling at the time of the report in the city men- tioned. Unless otherwise stated, this is the price at which sales are being made by commission merchants or by produc- ers direct, to the retail merchant. When sales are made by commission merchants, the usual commission (from five to ten per cent) cartage, and freight will be deducted, and in addi- tion there is often a charge for storage by the commission merchant. When sales are made by the producer direct to the retailer, commission and storage, and other charges, are eliminated. Sales made to wholesale houses are usually about ten per cent less than those to retail merchants. ZANESviLLE. — As is usual at the holiday season, the demand lor honey is very slack. There is plenty of fancy white alfalfa comh on this market, which brings 18 to 19, wholesale; practically nothing else oflered, save a little dark-looking fall honey brought in by farmers. There is almost no demand for ex- tracted except in glass retail packages. The local financial condition is not far from normal, and this would indicate an increased demand for honey early in the new year. Beeswax quiet, and supply slightly in excess of demand. For good yellow wax would pay 30 f , o. b. here in exchange for bee supplies. Edmund W. Peirce, Dec.l9. 136 West Main St., Zanesville, O. Kansas City.— The demand for both comb and ex- tracted continues slow; receipts fair, but don't look for much improvement until after the holidays. We quote No. 1 white comb, 24-section, $3.25; No. 2, white and amber, $2.75 to $3.00; extracted white, 8 to SVz; ex- tracted amber, 7 to "%. Beeswax, 25 to 27. C. C. Clbmons & Co., Dec. 21. Kansas City, Mo. Schenectady.— As usual during the holiday sea- son, honey market dull and but very little demand. Present prices would have to be shaded to induce sale. Prices later on will depend on the financial sit- uation to a great extent, and the number of unemploy- ed honey-consumers. C. MacCulloch, Dec. 18. Schenectady, N. Y. Indianapolis.— Demand for comb honey seems to be limited, and very little is now being offered by pro- ducers. Evidendy those who disposed of their crop early were most fortunate. Jobbers are offering 15 and 16, delivered. Extracted honey is in better de- mand, especially best grades, and jobbers are paying 9 cents, delivered. Beeswax is in fair demand, and brings 28 cents cash, or 30 in exchange for merchan- dise. Walter S. Poudkr, Dec. 17. Indianapolis, Ind. St. Louis.— Since our last, of Dec. 9th, there is no change in our honey market. The receipts, however, have been very small, and this market is almost bare of extracted honey. There is enough comb honey here to meet the small demand. W e quote fancy comb honey, white, 16 to 17; No. 1, 15 to 16; amber color, 14 to 16, according to quality and condition. Broken and defective honey cells at considerably less. Extracted white, in cans, nominal at 8% to 9; amber, in cans, 8 to SVr, in barrels and half-barrels, % to 1 per lb., less. Beeswax, 26 for choice pure. All impure and inferior, lower. R. Hartmann Produce Co., Dec. 19. St. Louis, Mo. Chicago.— The market is quiet, very little being sold; prices are same as last quoted. Cnoice grades only are wanted; -with the holidays over we may look for more activity in the honey line. Beeswax, 28 to 30. R. A. Burnett & Co., Dec. 18. 199 S. Water St., Chicago, 111. San Francisco,— Honey moves very slowly at present, as high prices have curtailed the demand. With light offerings and few arrivals of new stock, prices are firmly maintained. Light amber, extract- ed, 7 to 7%; water-white comb, 16 to 17; white comb, 15; water white, extracted, 8 to si^.— Pacific Sural Press. Dec. 21. Denver.— The local demand for comb honey is light at present, and we do not expect much improvement until after the holidays. We quote No. 1 white, per case of 24 sections, $3 25 to $3 50 ; light amber and No. 2. $2.75 to' $3.00. We now have a good stock of very fine extracted honey which we offer at 9 to 10 cts. for strictly white alfalfa; light am jer, 8 to 9 ; strained amber honey, 6?i to 7i4. We are paying 22 to 24 for clean yellow beeswax. The Colorado Honey Producers' Asso'n, Dec. 10. F. KAucHFUss, Mgr. BuFFAiiO. — The demand for honey is very slow. The quantity in our market is small ; and if the de- mand were fair for a short time it would soon clean up what is here. We quotf> fancy white comb, 16 to 17 ; No. 1 ditto, 15 to 17 ; No 2 ditto, 13 to 14 ; No. 1 buckwheat, 11 to 12M; No. 2, 9 to 11; No. 1 white ex- tracted, 8 to 9; ditto dark, 7 to 7%. Beeswax, 30 to 35. Dec. 11. W. C. TOWNSEND. St. Paul.— Fancy white clover, new, per lb., 18; strained, in 60-lb. cans, per lb., 10. W. H. Patton, Dec. 10. Sec. Bd. of Trade, St. Paul, Minn. WHAT HAS MUTH GOT NOW? Genuine Orange-blossom Honey. Genuine White-clover Honey. Genuine Black-sage Honey. ( All in crates of two 60-lb. cans each.) and Fancy Comb Honey in 24-section cases, averaging 22 lbs. to the case. You better write for prices; this honey is too good to stay long on our hands. THE FRED W. MUTH COMPANY, 5 1 WALNUT STREET. The Busy Bee Men. CINCINNATI, OHIO. iDuy GLEANINGS IN 13 EE CULTURE. Extracted Honey Wanted We are always in the market. If you have any to sell, mail small average sample to NATIONAL BISCUIT COMPANY Purchasing Department, 205 La Salle St., Chicago, Illinois. WE WILL BUY AND SELL HONEY of the different grades and kinds. If you have any to dispose of, or if you intend to buy, correspond witii us. We are always in the marliet for WAX at highest marset prices. HILDRETH & SEGELKEN, 266-267 Greenwich St. 82-86 Murray St. NEW YORK. WILL BUY YOUR HONEY for cash. Send sample, and mention quality, style of package, and price. ONE CAR OF ALFALFA HONEY WANTED. M.V.FACEY,Preston, Fillmore Co.. Minn. ROOT GOODS FOR THE WEST Why put up with inferior goods when you may as well have the best ? They cost you no more. In many cases I can save you money. In all oases I give the most for the money, quality considered. They are the ROOT GOODS, which I sell Here at the ROOT FACTORY PRICES and DISCOUNTS. My shipping facilities are unsurpassed any- where. Practically all points are reached by direct lines, thus insuring lowest freight rates. Write for estimate for liberal discount for orders sent in now. JOSEPH NYSEWANDER 506-7 W. 7th ST. DES MOINES, IOWA NEW GOODS! BIG STOCK! New Warehouse Root's Goods Prompt Shipment Low Freight EVERYTHING FOR THE BEE-KEEPER AT SAVANNAH, GA. We are now prepared to furnish prompt- ly a full line of supplies; choice new stock just from the factory. Bees and Queens! We have large apiaries of tine stock. Book your orders at once, as there will be a heavy demand this season. Cata- log sent fx-ee. Correspondence solicited. HOWKINS & RUSH 241 BULL ST. SAVANNAH, GA. GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Established 1873. Circulation 32.000. 72 pages. Semi- monthly. Gleanings in Bee Culture Devoted to Bees, Honey, and Home Interests. $1 per year. When paid in advance: 2 years, $1.50. 3 years, $2.00. 5 years, $3.00. Published by The a. I. Root Co., Medina, Ohio J. T. Calvkbt, Business Manager POSTAGE IS PREPAID by the publisher for all subscriptions in the United States, Hawaiian Islands, Philippine Islands, Guam, Porto Rico, Tutuila, Samoa, Shanghai, Canal Zone, Cuba, and Mexico. Canadian postage is 30c per year. For all other countries in the Postal Union add 60 cents per year postage. CHANGE OF ADDRESS. When a change of address is ordered, both the new and the old ad- dress must be given. The notice should be sent two weeks before the change is to take effect. DISCONTINUANCES.— The journal is sent until orders are received for its discontinuance. We give notice just before the subscription ex- pires, and further notice if the first is not heed- ed. Any subscriber whose subscription has ex- pired, wishing his journal discontinued, will please drop us a card at once; otherwise we shall assume that he wishes his journal continued, and will pay for it soon. Any one who does not like this plan may have it stopped after the time paid for it by making his request when ordering. HOW TO REMIT. Remittances should be sent by Draft on New York, Express-order or Money-order, payable to order of The A. I. Root Company, Medina, Ohio. Currency should be sent by Regis cered Letter. AGENTS. Representatives are wanted in every city and town in the country. A liberal commission will be paid to such as engage with us. References required. Foreign Subscription Agents. Foreign subscribers can save time and annoy- ance by placing their orders for Gleanings with any of the following authorized agents, at the prices shown: PARIS, FRANCE. E. BondonnbAU, 142 Faubourg St. Denis. Per year, postpaid. T/i fr. GOODNA, QUEENSLAND. H. L. Jones. Any Australian subscriber can order of Mr. Jones. Per year, poetpaid. 6/. DUNEDIN, NEW ZEALAND. ALLIANCE Box Co., 24 Castle St. Per year, postpaid. 6/. $53.700 Made by 0-HI-O Cooker Agents in 1905 selling the OHIO combination Steam CooKer- BaKer. We have many agents making $5 to $10 daily- Write us and we will give you names of agents near by who are making at least $5 daily. We can easily prove that the "0-HI-O" is the best money-maker you ever heard of, and will make you more money than any thing you ever sold or are now selling. Write us at once and we will prove it. Guaranteed to save 50 per cent in fuel, labor, time, and provisions. A whole meal cooked over one burner on any style stove. It assures you deliciously cooked hot meals; so days'' trial. No intermingling of odors or tastes. Fine for use in summer cottages. A necessity every day of the year. The only healthful way to cook foods and breadstuffs. Handsomely illustrated catalog free. ••O-HI-O" COOKC^R CO. 908 J«fferson A-v., Toledo, O. 1908 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Why the Price is High. The Bee-keepers' Beview enjoys the distinction of be- ing sold at the highest proportionate price of any bee-journal published in this country, and There is a "Reason." It has no connection whatever with any supply trade, or any other business, and must depend, for its existence, solely upon the profits that accrue from its publication. Of course its editor might take up the supply trade, but his tastes are not in that direction, and he prefers to keep his mind wholly unbiased by the influence of trade. Then, again, the Review has become what might be called The Specialist's Journal; that is, it appeals most strongly to the man who is keeping bees to make money; hence it can never hope for more than a moderate subscription list. For this reason it Can't be Published at Less than its present price; but the man who really needs W. Z. HUTCHINSON, it, the one who is keeping bees as a business, as a specialty, or even as a money-making side-issue, is only too glad to get the paper even at $1.00; as the knowledge thereby gained brings to him many dol- lars in the course of a year. Once a bee-keeper of this class reads the Review a year or two, he is almost certain to keep on reading it; and it is to induce a man to give it this trial that I sometimes make Special Offers. Just now I have about 200 complete sets left of the back numbers for 1907 that I will send free, as long as they last, to new subscribers for 1908. The informa- tion in these issues is just as valuable now as when first published. Send $1.00 and you will get the Re- view for 1907 and 1908. This will be only 50 cents a year, and, when your time is out, if you don't care to renew, we can part as friends, and do barm done. For $2.00 you can get the Review for 1907 and 1908 and the book Advanced Bee Culture. Book alone, $1.20. FLINT, MICH. At Just Half Price ! The American Bee Journal, which is now a 32-page monthly, in its 48th year, is the oldest bee-paper in America. It is only 50 cents, but yoa can have it at just half price (for 25 cents) when taken with any one of the following list of standard bee- books: Dr. Miller's "Forty Years Among the Bees". $1.00 " Langstroth on the Honey-bee " 1 20 Cook's "Bee-keeper's Guide 1 20 ;| A B C andX Y Z of Bee Culture" 1.50 " Amerikanische Bienenzucht " (German) 1.00 "Bees and Honey " (Newman) 50 Doolittle's " Scientific Queen-rearing " 50 (Leatherette Binding.) " Honey-Money Stories " (68-page pamphlet) .25 Just add 25 cents to any of the above prices, and we will mail you both the book and the Bee Journal for one year. Sample copy of Journal free. George W. York & Co. 1 1 8 W. Jackson, Chicago, III. SQUABS FOR PROFIT By William E. Rice and William E. Cox This is the most complete and e.^ihaustive work of the kind ever published on squab raising. It is not a book of second-hand references, but con- tains the hard-earned experiences of the authors. Every detail of their methods of selecting, breed- ing, feeding, killing, and marketing squabs is given in plain, simple language, with numerous illustrations, all taken from the home plant of Mr. Rice in New Jersey. The chapter on build- ings, their location, and how to construct them is concise, specific, and complete. The squab industry is increasing rapidly. This book is a guide for those who want to know, and a standard reference work for the old-time breeder. It is not based on mere theory, but contains the true story of the most successful squab plant in this country. The story of how $50, the original investment, has grown to $.3,000, is fully given by Mr. Kice. He took the money made by the squabs, enlarged and developed his plant, until it is now complete. The illustrations are simply superb. They were taken especially for this work. The plants and specifications for buildings, etc., are as complete as an expert architect could make them. The book contains about 150 pages, each 5x7 laches, printed on fine paper. Bound in cloth and sent postpaid for 50 cents. THE A. I. ROOT COMPANY MEDINA, OHIO GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Jan 1 E. R. Root, iSL Editor Gleanings in Bee Culture A. I. Root Editor Home Department H. H. Root Ass't Editor Department Editors— Dr. C. C. Millbb, J. A. Green, Prof. A. J. Cook, J. E. Crane. Lotus H. Scholl, G. M. Doolittlb, R. F. Holtbbmann. "Stenog," W. K Morrison. CONTENTS OF JANUARY 1, 1908 Plural-queen System 17 Feeding in Winter 17 Sections. Split 18 EDITORIAL 18 Bottling Honey 18 Clipping vs. Queen-traps 18 Glucose Sugars 19 Bees in Wyoming 19 Glucose as Food 19 Bees in School 20 Sulphites in Syrups 21 Harrisburg Convention 21 CONVERSATIONS WITH DOOLITTLE 23 Honey from Basswood 23 GLE ANINGS PROM PACIFIC COAST 24 Selecting Queens 24 Enemies of Bees 25 NOTES FROM CANADA 2.5 B^es. Time to Cellar 25 Feeding in Spring 25 Foul Brood in Canada 25 Honey for Royalty 26 Carbon Dioxide in Wintering 26 GLEANINGS FROM FOREIGN EX:HANGES.26 Honey Ginger-bread 26 New Book on Bees 26 Honey-Trees of Australia 27 Honey Flora of Spain 27 Bee-keeping in Spain 27 Belgian Bee Association 28 GENERAL CORRESPONDENCE 29 Feeding Late in Fall 29 Bigelow's Demonstration at Butler 30 Bigelow in Indianapolis 34 Rauchfuss Frank 32 Demonstration-cages 33 Bee Demonstrations 34 Comb. Odd 34 Plural-queen System 35,36 Swiss Comments on America.. 38 Wrappers, Transparent 39 HEADS OF GRAIN 40 White Italian Clover 40 Time to Requeen 40 Acid for Foul-brood Combs 40 Rats to Kill 40 Bent Nails for Frame-spacers 41 Massachusetts Bee Society 41 Cage Queens when Shaking Bees to New Combs. .41 Covering Cracks in Covers 41 Queens, Sevpral in One Hive 42 Bees Choosing Location 42 Caucasians Inferior to Italians 42 King Birds 42 Ducks in an Apiary 42 OUR HOMES 43 Hens. Testing 43 Secrets, Selling 43 Brooder, Jug 44 Grip r 44 It is time for us to remind our friends who have large apiaries who depend on outside help not to put off securing this help until the season is immedi- ately before us. Mr. H T. Chrisman, who carried a six-line want ad. in December 1st Gleanings, writ- ing under date of December 10th says: " I have been flooded with applications." This shows the value of Gleanings: but we caution you not to wait until April or May and then expect to get help so readily. This is the time to send in your want ads. HOW A NEW YORK SUBSCRIBER REGARDS GLEAN- INGS. The A. I. Boot (7o.—Amerry Christmas to all. with 999 thanks for the present style of wrapper Glean- ings is mailed in. When I kicked about sending it out without a wrapper I did not suppose you would go and do it better than ever; but that is .iust the A. I. R. of it. I enjoy reading Gleanings the best of any paper I ever came across— but always feel sad when I stop and think that our friend J. H Martin will never pen another page for it, for that was my first page to read. C R. Morts. Mohawk, N. Y. " sure hatch " INCUBATORS. Nothing has done so much to revolutionize the poultry industry as the invention and use of well- made incubators sold at a comparatively low price, placing them within the reach of nearly all poultry- raisers. . , , ■ . One of the concerns which has taken a prominent part in this revolution is the Sure Hatch Incubator Co., of Fremont, Nebraska, and Indianapolis, Indi- ana. It has made quite a specialty of supplying in- cubators to the farmer class, who demand something simple, effective, and cheap. This company has had a long and successful career in developing this busi- ness They are peculiarly well situated for ship- ping their goods; for example, their factory is con- nected with the tracks of the Union Pacific, Chica- go & Northwestern, and Burlington & Great North- ern Railroads. At their place in Indianapolis thev are even better situated. This insures for them great promptitude and low rates in filling orders to all parts of the country. They issue quite a catalog, which is well worth sending for. and which, too is gladly sent to all ap- plicants. You may send to the address which is most convenient to you. Their advertisemrnt may be found on page 51 of this issue. Kindly mention Gleanings when you write. IWAN POST-HOLE AUGER. The best spade is a poor hole-digger, and the old- fashioned double-spade diggers and augers are not much better. But post-hole digging, instead of be- ing tiresome and slow, is now easily and rapidly done by the use of a most remarkable labor-saving post-hole and well auger, made by Iwan Bros. —a name that guarantees quality. The bowl of this practical auger consists of two interlocking cruci- ble-steel blades, scientifically shaped so that they sink themselves in any kind of soil almost without any pressure. Three full turns do it. Then, in pull- ing them out, there is not the slightest resistance from suction. These strong blades are Httached to a malleable arch with a strong handle of convenient length. These augers are made in all sizes from 3 to 14 inchps. A more simple and praoi ical hole-au- ger could not be made. Iwan Bros., Streator 111., will be glad to give you complete information. Write them to-day, and mention this paper. 1908 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. ABC-XYZ of Bee Culture By A. I. and E. R- ROOT New 1907 Edition NOW ON SALE. LARGER and BETTER 115,000 Copies have been Printed A BEE-KEEPERS' ENCYCLOPEDIA All the New Ideas Hundreds of Illustrations to make every thing plain and practical Nearly 600 Large Pages PRICES Cloth-bound $1.50 Half Leather 3.00 Full Leather 3 50 Postpaid to any Country in the World THEA.1.R0OTCO. MEDINA :: :: OHIO Only two years have elapsed since we brought out an edition of 15,000 copies of the well-known A B C of Bee Culture. This brought up the number to 100,000 copies, thereby surpassing in popularity all other bee-books ever printed. The demand for these has been so great that we were compelled to under- take a new edition at once, and in doing so we took the opportunity to revise and greatly enlarge it again, though it had been generally considered quite a large book. In doing so we brought in new blood to assist us, give new ideas, and other- wise enable us to produce as good a book as it is possible to make at a popu- lar price. If you will carefully examine a copy ybu will be prepared to admit the new volume is quite an improve- ment on its predecessors. To keep pace with improvements it contains nearly 100 double-column pages more than the previous edition. The new methods of queen- rearing have been carefully reviewed, and the main points incorporated in the new edition, so that the practical bee-keeper who possesses a copy will have the best ideas of the subject constantly by his side for reference. The new methods of wax-production are treated in an exhaustive fashion; and as this subject is now of more im- portance than formerly, more space has been devoted to it. The new power-driven automatic ex- tractors are amply illustrated and de- scribed. The subject of diseases has received entirely new treatment to keep pace with the new discoveries of the last few years. The laws relating to bees have for the first time received full treat- ment. No other bee-book treats of this very important subject. Honey, sugar, nectar, and glucose are carefully de- fined in accordance with the demands of our new pure-food laws. In accordance with the ideas of its first author, A. I. Root, the new ABC and X Y Z is eminently practical. German edition (new), paper covers $3,00; cloth- bound, $3.50. Postpaid any- where. This is the famous A B C in the language of the Fatherland, to suit our many German friends. French edition (new), cloth-bound, $3. 00, postpaid This is another edition! translated into the beautiful language of France. 10 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Jan. 1 INDEX TO ADVERTISEMENTS. Banking by Mall. Savings Deposit Bank 12 Bee-smokers. Danzenbaker, F 14 Bee Supplies. Blanke&Hauk 15 Bondonneau, E 47 Buck & Wilson, back cover. Falconer Mlg. Co.. 58 Farmer, L.J 53 Grainger, E. , & Co . . . . 47 Hilton, Geo. E 14 Howkins & Rush 5 Hunt & Son, M.H., fr't cover. Jenkins, J. M 14 Jepson, H. H 53 Lewis Co., G.B 53 Minnesota Bee Supply Co 47 Muth, P. W 4 Nebel.J 47 Nysewander, Jos 5 Olds, L. L 53 Pouder, Walter S 16 Prothero, Frank W . . . 15 Root Co., Syracuse — - 13 Root Co. , St. Paul 15 Reeves. A. H 14 Soper.W. D 53 Stringham, I. J 14 Texas Seed and Floral Co 15 Toepperwein, U 45 Weber, C.H.W 3 Woodman. A. G 53 Bees and Queens. Laws. W. H 53 Classified Advertisements- Bees and Queens 55 Bee - keepers' Direc- tory 56 For Sale 55 Honey and Wax Want- ed 56 Honey and Wax for Sale 56 Poultry Offers 55 Real Estate for Bee- keepers 55 Situations Wanted — 55 Poultry Offers 55 Wants and Exchange. 56 Comb Foundation. Dadant & Sons 58 Dittmer, Gus 14 Household Specialties. Best Light Co 46 Gordon, Van Tyne Co. 49 Home, J. Co 1617 Myers, C. A 46 Ohio Cooker Co 6 Rochester Radiator Co 46 Machinery. Allen, S. L Rochester Sp. Pump.. Wilson Bros Miscellaneous. Allen, W. F Bateman Mfg. Co Burpee, W. A Coiled Spring Fence Co Darling & Beahan Deen Loom Co., back cover. Electric Wheel Co Facey, M. V Ferry, D. M Fouts & Hunter, front cover. Gardner Nursery Co . . Green's Nursery Co. . . Hildreth & Segelken. . Hough, F. H Iwan Brothers Lippincott, J. B Mason Fence Co Mead Cycle Co Mugler Engraving Co . Myers, F. E National Biscuit Co. . National Fur Co., fr'nt cover. Ratekin's Seed House Rice, A. L Sackett, H. A Scarfl. W. N Seagraves, C. L 12 50 Sheerin's Nurseries... 46 4g Storrs & Harrison 48 52 System, back cover. Williamson. C. J 12 4g Poultry Supplies. 48 Belle City Inc. Co 52 48 Berry's Poultry Farm 46 Brenner, J. J 52 46 Cycle Hatcher Co 51 48 Cyphers Inc. Co 51 Conkey, G. E 52 Des Moines Inc Co.. . . 51 46 Ertel, G 51 5 Greider, B. H 46 48 Humphrey Clover Cut- ter 50 Industrious Hen Co. .. 52 49 Inland Poul. Journal. 12 13 Johnson, M. M 50 5 Mann, F. W 50 53 Miller, J. W.. Co 51 48 Neubert. R. F 52 12 Racine Hatcher Co 51 46 Reliable Inc. Co 52 48 Sheer Co 52 12 Stahl, G. H 51 46 Stratton Mfg. Co 52 5 Sure Hatch Inc Co.... .51 United Factories Co . . 52 4g Publishers. Bee-lournal 12 Falconer Mfg.Co., back 14 cover. 50 Hutchinson, W. Z 7 M'CIiURB'S MAGAZINE. In making up your list of periodicals for the com- ing year we wish to say a word in season for the above magazine. We believe it to be, in a very true sense, the friend and benefactor of the plain people of this nation. Its exposure of monstrous frauds, both financial and political, is deserving of the high- est praise. It could probably have made immense sums of money by concealing the truth, but it chose the straight course of honest duty. Such a journal deserves success. THB GERMAN NUBSEBIBS. Ir you want treps and plants that are extra hardy we think the stock grown at the German Nurseries, Beatrice, Nebraska, will suit the most exacting. It is right in the blizzard region where, unless plants are very vigorous and hardy, they can not survive. The proprietor of these nurseries is Mr. Carl Sonder- egger, a very experienced German nurseryman who started in business in 1886. since which time he has built up a large trade in nursery and plant stock. He knows just what will grow in our cold north- western States, where the peculiar winter conditions render the selection of trees a subject for expert knowledge, such as only a few possess. Many thrifty persons have lost money by ordering trees from irresponsible agents and others who sold them stock by no means adapted to the rigorous conditions of the West. We believe any buyer of trees would be safe in ordering from Mr. Sonderegger. Ratekins if they are anxious to improve the crop in their own immediate locality. In aiddition to secur- ing fine seed we believe they will also get excellent advice on corn culture (if they desire it). Their catalog, which may be had free for the asking is quite a treatise on corn and other useful farm seeds on which great industries rest. It is not a pretty book for the children, but a valuable monitor on farm seeds and farm crops for money-makers. BIG-EABED CORN. If you are interested in corn, the advertisement of Ratekin's Seed House, of Shenandoah, Iowa, will appeal to you . This house is in the center of a great corn region where the farmers take the greatest in- terest in the improvement and amelioration of the corn-plant. It is not far away, either, from the home of Professor Holden, the grpat corn expert who has so enthused the farmers of Iowa that each one is laboring to increase the value of the corn crop of the State. Any of our readers who are in- terested in corn culture ought to get in touch with WEAVING BUGS AT HOME. Recently there has been a revival of home handi- crafts in various parts of the country. This is due to various causes, one of which is a great desire on the part of many to have something original, and at the same time durable and substantial. It is a remark- able fact that the fine rugs and carpets on the floors of rich men's mansions are home-made articles. These are not made in factories, as is supposed by many; on the contrary, they are the product of humble homes in Turkey, Syria, Persia, and India, where factories are unknown. This being so, we feel certain many of our readers will be much interested in the advertisement of the Deen Loom Co.. Harlan, Iowa, on the back cover page of this journal. We think their announcement will have a special interest to Gleanings readers, because many of them are handy men and women who would soon learn how to use a weaver's loom if they had one. It is well known that the finest and most expen- sive fabrics are woven on what seems ridiculously simple apparatus. We believe that success in this line lies largely in the taste and skill of the individ- ual worker rather than on intricate and expensive machinery. The Deen Loom Co. are so thoroughly convinced of the intrinsic value of the loom they manufacture that they are now accepting orders on the installment plan of payment. If the field where you live is not occupied already by some weaver, there is a chance for you to do some business with your neighbors in making rugs for them. The com- pany takes especial pains to give its customers all necessary advice in learning to operate a loom, and is happy to hear their customer has been success- ful. They send a nice catalog on request. 1908 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 11 r A SUBSCRIBER'S ORDER for FENCING. It is quite amusing to us when talking to a prospective advertiser to hear him say that Gleanings will probably do well enough for bee-supply advertisers, but he doubts whether it would do for his particular product. Time was when we had to use a good many arguments to show that Gleanings readers were good pui'chasei s in hundreds of other lines, but now we seldom hear the above comment. Occasionally some one wholly unacquainted with Gleanings requires some convincing evidence. To such we submit the case of Mr. Shackelford, and a valued advertiser, Messrs. Kitselman Bros., Muncie, lud. COIL SPRING FENGE Made of high carbon Steel Wire Horse-high, Bvill-strong, Chiclf- en-tlght. Sold direct to the Farmer at lowest manufac- turers prices on 30 Days Free Trial, freight iirepaitl. 100 pase Catalogue and price-list free. KITSELMAN BROS., Box 21 MUNCIE, IND. The above is the advertisement which cost the advertiser during the entire sea- son $35.90. In the next column is the report of our subscriber whose single order was nearly ten times the amount that this advertisement cost in Glean- ings for the entire season. Bear in mind that this is only a single order, and, according to our understanding, Messrs. Kitselman Bros, had a good many more which they trace to Glean- ings IN Bee Culture. Mr. Shackelford'* $330. Order. Okolona, Ark., February 18, 1907. The a. I. Root Co., Medina, O. GentJtmen: — Some days ago I gave Kitselman Bros, an order for wire fencing to the amount of $330.84, but the fencing I have not yet received. I received a notice from them that it would have prompt attention, but this Is the last I have heard from them. I mentioned that I did not hesitate to give them the order for I saw their ad. in Glean- TNGS, and, of course, I think it will come up O. K. I wrote them a few days ago but have not had time to hear from them yet. I will wait ten or fifteen days, and if I do not hear from them I will write you again. Yours truly. Geo. ShackeliFobd. We wrote Messrs. Kitselman Bros, in behalf of our subscriber, and they promptly advised us that, owing to the great amount of orders received about that time, there had been a little delay, but assured us that Mr. Shackelford's order would go out at once. Note Mr. Shackelford's confidence in the advertising columns of Gleanings. This is representative of the feeling of our su))- scribers generally. ^ RESULTS. If you have goods to sell, isn't it worth while to try a paper which pays others so well ? Here is a single order bringing the advertiser ten times the amount of his entire account with the paper for a year. Remember, too, the case of Mr. Snyder who received orders for a thousand queens at an expenditure of $11; also the case of Mr. Taylor, whose season's advertising cost about $50, and he received more than $1000 worth of business which he traced to Gleanings. OTHER ADVERTISERS BESIDES KITSELMAN BROS. We have for several years carried representative advertisers such as American Steel & Wire Co.; Page Woven Wire Fence Co.; Coiled Spring Fence Co.; Brown Fence and Wire Co.; Mason Fence Co., and others. A paper that gets results in a line like the above can not help being valuable for those advertisers who have merchandise used by agricultural, rural, and suburban classes generally. Write us if you have any doubt as to the advisability of using our columns, and learn what our experience, if any, has been with advertising similar to your own. We are not at all anxious to get an account which does not appear adapted to our paper, for we want to hold those we have from year to year and do not want to disappoint any one, and we n6ver urge an advertiser to use our paper without feel- ing reasonably sure that it will pay him. For particulars along the above lines, or regarding our rates, address ADVERTISING DEPT. GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE, MEDIN A,0. 12 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Jan. 1 For 15 years this bank has been transacting a conservative banking business, meeting all its obligations on demand. Four per cent on savings. Our booklet describes our methods and management, and explains the ad- vantage of our simple banking-by-mail system. WRITE FOR THE BOOKLET TO-DAY Established 1892 A State Bank Assets over $700,000 tH^SAVINGS DEPOSIT ^-~> BANK COMPANY - MEDINA. OHIO An Invaluable and Necessary Work LIPPIIMCOTT'S NEW GAZETTEER A Geographical Dictionary of the World Containinfr references to over 100.000 places— their population, location, and industries, compiled from the latest census re- turns from all countries^ and other official data. Edited by ANGELO HEILPRIN, and LOUIS HEILPRIN Over 2000 pages. Quarto SHEEP $10.00 net HALF RUSSIA . . . $12.50 net Patent Index, SO cents extra J. B. LIPPINCOTT CO., Philadelphia B9 ^^ nr* lE^ 1^1 "T* c& Twenty-five Years' Practice. CHARLES J. WILLIAMSON, Second Nat'l Bank Bldg.- Washington D. C. Patent practice in Patent OfQce and Courts, Patent Counsel of The A. I Root Co r^ITXC USED IN THIS MAGAZINE K>\J 1n3 ■■^- ARE FROM The MUGLER,£P{ORAyiNC Co. MUGLER. BLD'C. CLEVELAND. OH/O. mm, Santa Fe Southwest Homeseekers' Excursions First and third Tuesdays of each month. Tickets sold to all parts of the Great Southwest at rates of about one fare plus $2.00. Ask for our new book, "Santa Fe Southwest." Address C. L. Sfagraves, Grn'l Colonization Agrt., 1115 Railway Exchange, Chicago. Paint Without Oil Remarkable Discovery that Cuts Down the Cost of Paint Seventy- five Per Cent. A Free Trial Package is Mailed to Every One Who Writes. A. L. Rice, a prominent manufacturer of Adams, N. Y., has discovered a process of making a new kind of paint without the use of oil. He calls it Powdrpaint. It comes in the form of a dry powder, and all that is required is cold water to make a paint weather-proof, fire-proof, and as durable as oil paint. It adheres to any surface, wood, stone, or brick, spreads and looks like oil paint and costs about one-fourth as much. Write to Mr. A. L. Rice, Manufacturer, 202 North St., Adams, N. Y., and he will send you a free trial package, also color-card and full information showing you how you can save a good many dollars. Write today FREE! Poultry-raisinjj with bee-keeping makes a profitable com- bination as many already know. Our llH-page buok, •• How to Mcik-e Potiltrii Pan," the most beautiful work published, isnow griven FKEE with each yearly subscription to our paper. Ask for sample copy of Xmas number, the best in the world. Address INLAND POULTRY JOUKN \L COMPANY 16 Cord Bldg., Indianapolis, Ind. 1908 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 13 ^Sections, Hives, and Foundation always in stock for immediate shipment. Orders sent in during- the month of January, 3^ per cent discount may be deducted. This 3' per cent is an inducement to order early, but the big profit comes next season by having suppHes on hand for use when needed. :: :• :: :: :: :: THE A. I. ROOT COMPANY SYRACUSE, ^ je/ ^ N E"W YORK This b the mmiliaf will Increase ]0urIfmfPfMfj MY [EXPERIENCE FRun* , Growing CHABUL5fCREEM.l High Grade Fruit Trees, Vines and Plants Special low prices on Plum, Apple, Peach and Dwarf Pear Trees, Roses, also Asparagus Roots, Currant Bushes and other small fruits. Order trees direct from our nursery and save agent's profits and half your money. Everything you want for Orchard, Garden, Lawn or Park Send' to-day for Green's Dollar Book on Fruit Growing, also for our Fruit Catalog,andacopy of Green's Fruit Magazine, all a gifttoyou. GREEN'S SAMPLE OFFER ^Zf;^ Peach Tree, one Red Cross Currant Bush, one C. A. Green New White Grape Vine, one Live-Forever Rose Bush, all delivered at your house by mail for 25 cents. Plum Trees $6.00 per hundred. mm A OOLl BOOK GREEN'S NURSERY CO. Rochester, New York Box 1 CENT 14 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Jan. 1 What's the Matter With Hilton? WHY, HE HAS A LOT OF SUP- PLIES HE WANTS TO LET YOU HAVE WITHIN THE NEXT SIXTY DAYS AT A DISCOUNT, TO MAKE ROOM FOR THE NEXT SEASON'S GOODS. JUST SEND A LIST OF WHAT YOU WANT AND GET ES- TIMATE. IF YOU HAVEN'T HIS FORTY-PAGE ILLUSTRATED CAT- ALOG, SEND FOR IT AT ONCE. CASH OR SUPPLIES FOR BEESWAX AT ALL TIMES GEORGE E. HILTON FREMONT, MICHIGAN TRANSPARENT PAPER WRAPPER^ ■ FORCOMBHONEY. ^ H Described in full in Gleanings, December 1, page 1490. I 'Makds It look more attractive and Increases selling price.' Any one can apply it and get 2 to t cts. more per pound, and it costs only a fraction of a cent per section. Price $3.25 per thousand sheets, printed with name and address. Samples free. Special prices on quantities. H. A. SACKETT, East Orange, N. J. WE KEEP IN STOCK AV NEW YORK CITY a large line of BEE-SUPPLIES and allow a liberal discount at this season. Catalog free. I. J. STRINCHAM, Apiaries, Glen Cove, L.I. t05 Park PI.. N. Y. City. Northern New York Bee-keepers. 3^ PER CENT DISCOUNT. We have a large stock of shipping-cases and feeders, and all orders for same will be filled pronaptly. Bees- wax and old combs wanted; cash or trade; 34 ^i discount during the month of Jan. on every thing but cases and feeders. Comb honey wanted: write stating how put up, kind, and lowest cash price deliver'd in Watertown.N.Y. A. H. REEVES & CO.. No 3 State St.. WATERTOWN. N. Y. THE DANZENBAKER SMOKER PAT. OCT. 3,'05, JUNE 4,'07 GOLD MEDALS St. Louis Hxpo.sition, 1904 Jamestowu Exposition, 1907 IS THE BEST. STRONGEST. COOLEST. CLEANEST. CHEAPEST. AND LARGEST SMOKER SOLD FOR A DOLLAR The perforated side grate seen above holds a removable, metal, asbestos^backed fire shell, preventing burning the tin off the outer case, and deflects the air at right angles, preventing back draft to the valveless bellows. The air, passing to the back and overttie top, cools and expels the smoke, fanning the burning fuel at top or side till all consumed, gi\'ing cool smoke for hours from one filling. It can't clog. No top-heavy cap to choke with soot: no valve to fail ; no holes shedding .sparks or hot ashes. Four years' sales prove its success beyond a doubt, expensive dies making it uniformly per- fect as possible to devise. We confidently guar= antee full satisfaction or refund the price. Price. $1 .00 ; 3 for $2.50 ; by mail, add 25c. each Send address of yourself and Bee friends for 8-page leaflet on "Smoker," and facts about Bees and Queens, 80 pages, free. F. DANZENBAKER. Norfolk. Va 18S4 1908 Root's Goods always in stock FOR YOU Twenty-two successful years manu- facturing bee-supplies and raising Italian bees and queens Root's Goods in Stock. J. M. Jenkins '^Tetumpka. 1 t Alabama Dittmer^s COMB FOUNDATION is the best, not because we say so, but be- cause the bees prefer it to other makes. Dittmer's Process is Dittmer's It has built its reputation and established its merits on its own foundation and its own name. We make a specialty of working wax into foundation for cash. Write for free catalog, and prlcesonfuUlineof supplies. GUS.DITTMER CO., Augusta.Wis. v.m GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 15 JOBBERS FOR Central Pennsylvania . . . for . . . ROOTS GOODS TRY THE DANZ. COMB-HONEY HIVE The Danzenbaker hives I got last season have given splendid satisfaction; in fact, I have kept my bees outside this winter, which is seldom attempted in Manitoba, and up to date they have come through in splendid shape. I think the hive did it. Yours truly, Laurence C. Clabke. Morden, Man., March 5, 1907. Send for catalog, ping facilities in Best ship- the State. Frank W. Prothero Dubois, : : : Pennsylvania At St. Louis On a Line to all points in the South and Middle West. Send for our free illustrated catalog of Root's Bee-supplies We sell at factory prices. Send us a trial order. Beeswax Wanted. Blanke & Hauk Supply Co. DEPT. B. 1009-11-13 Lucas Ave. St. LOUJS, MO. Manufacturers and .Jobbers of Dairy, Creamery, Ice-cream, and Poultry Supiilies. Northwestern Bee-keepers! We are headquarters for the ROOT supplies for the States of Montana, Min- nesota, the Dakotas, and Western Wis- consin. You can save freight by ordering from this branch. A complete line of bee-keepers' supplies always in stock. Secure a catalog at once. BEES and QUEENS.— Your orders will be attended to. The A. I. Root Company H. G. ACKUN, MANAGBB 1024 Mississippi Street, St, Paul, Minn. North Texas Bee-keepers will find Dallas the best point from which to purchase sup- plies. We have a carload of ROOT'S GOODS IN STOCK, and sell them at the Factory Prices. Don't forget that we can furnish any thing in the way of Field or Garden Seeds, Plants, and Poultry Supplies. Our large illustrated catalog for 1908 free on application. Mention Gleanings when you write TEXAS SEED AND FLORAL COMPANY Dallas, Te xas 16 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Jan. 1 " If goods are -granted quicK, send to Pouder. BstablisHea 1889. Ahead of tHe Game Or 300 Lbs. of Honey to tHe Good It has been said that " Success is made up of trifles, but success is no trifle. " Is there any line of business in the world to which that saying applies more appropriately than to the bee business ? Certainly we bee-men know of none. The profits of the busi- ness are affected favorably or adversely by so many seemingly trivial details that neglect of any of them often proves most unfortunate. It is time right now to order supplies for the coming season, and get into the game as Mr. Jones has wisely done. Note what he says : Mr. Walter S. Fonder, Atwater, 111., Dec. 2, 1907. Indianapolis. Ind. Bear Sir: — I received my bee-supplies to-day, every thing in fine shape, and I never saw as fine a lot of supplies. I had naturally sup- posed that, in getting so large an order, some of the goods would be rough; but I find every article to be perfection. I am now ready for the honey harvest. The bees were ahead of me this last season, and I am satisfied that I lost 300 pounds of honey by not being prepared. That new A B C of Bee Culture is something grand. Wishing you continued success, M. A. Jones. Please observe, too, that I am still making a specialty o** prompt deliveries and perfect shipments. New edition of the A B C of Bee Culture now ready. By mail, $1.50; by express or freight with other goods, $1.25. Cat- alog of Bee-supplies free for the asking, and it gives prices for 1908 goods. I buy and pay the highest market price, cash or trade, for beeswax, and have a large stock of fine white-clover honey for sale. Write for prices. Walter vS. Pouder, 513-515 MassacKvisetts Aveiwjte, Indianapolis, Ind. <5VEANINc>s 5EE CIJLTU Published by The A. I. Root Company, Medina, Ohio E. R. ROOT, Editor a. L. BOYDEN, advertising Mgr H. H. ROOT, AS8T. Ed. J. T. CALVERT, BUSINESS MoR. A. I. ROOT, Editor of Home Department Vol. XXXVI. JANUARY 1, 1908. No. 1 Several cases are reported at Neukirch observation-station, Switzerland, in which "the after-swarm with the young queen is- sued before the prime swarm with the old queen." Allan Latham, p. 1564, advocates ample space under frames with small entrance for wintering. Right you are, my friend, and I think the general tendency is now in that di- rection. I don't want less than two inches under bottom-bars all the year around. Heartsease honey, according to most of the bee-keepers at the Chicago convention, is rather dark, but several said that with them it was light. My assistant says. "That very white honey we had was heartsease; 1 don t think any thing about it; Iknow it was." Winter consumption (outdoors, as I un- derstand it) for the five months, November to March, reported from all the Swiss stations, averaged, for ten years, 12 5 pounds. For the four months, December to March, 11 pounds. Varied from 5 to 28 pounds, for five months. By the courtesy of Editor U. Kramer, the beloved leader of Swiss bee-keepers, I am in receipt of reports of Swiss apicultural observation-stations. These were started to the number of four more than 20 years ago, and now number more than 30. Oh for a Herr Kramer in this country to bring us abreast with little Switzerland! I TRIED a few cases of feeding in cellar. I put a section of honey in the 2-inch space under bottom-bars, letting it touch the clus- ter of bees. In about 24 hours the section was cleaned out dry, although the colony had heavy winter stores; but it excites the bees, and that is probably not good for them. [That is just the trouble. Such feeding ex- cites the bees. — Ed.] The plural-queen system is pronounced a success, page 1555, with perforated zinc. What advantage has it over the Wells sys- tem? That allowed two queens separated by perforated wood, and was boomed in England a few years ago, but now nothing is said about it. I can see big advantages in several unseparated queens in one hive, but with excluder I don't believe there's any thing in it. [Why? In the Wells system there was no intermingling of the bees, and each lot of bees with tneir queen had a sep- arate entrance. In fact, the Wells idea was little more than a tenement hive, having two colonies, each sharing the warmth of the other. In the perforated- zinc plan the queens only are separated; but the bees mingle all together. In this respect the col- ony principle is more perfectly developed. As one strong colony is better than several small ones, so the perforated zinc plan ought to be better than the Wells system.— Ed.] I don't BELIEVE in feeding in winter, but another Straw will show that I have tried it on a small scale by way of experiment, and after reading "What to Feed Bees in Cold Weather," p. 1556, I am moved to urge you very strongly, Mr. Editor, to try putting the feed under instead of on top. Of course, with a weak colony clustered high up it is not practicable; but where the bees can be induced to come down, as a fair colony will on any mild day in winter, and on any day in the cellar, feeding below has real advan- tages. It doesn't disturb the bees by uncov- er ing them. A brood-comb can be put under, or Good candy in any dish, wooden or earthen ; and if the candy is too soft it can make no trouble below as it can on top. "There isn't room below?" With a 2-inch bottom-board there's plenty of room, and you ought to have nothing less than 2 inches under bot- tom-bars for other purposes. But in any case, can't you make room below as well as above. [Your idea of putting the food un- der is good, in so far as it would eliminate the possibility of the food daubing the bees. 18 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Jan. 1 For outdoor feeding the position would be bad, but all right for the cellar. — Ed.] Wm. M. Whitney, p. 1594, says the case of the bee-keeper is not parallel with that of the stock-raiser. That's just it, Bro. Whit- ney, and I'd like to see the bee-keeper have the same show as the stock-raiser. As it is now, it's all a gamble whether he may oc- cupy a certain territory undisturbed, or be crowded out by others. I'd be willing to pay good money to be as sure of my ground as the stock-raiser is of his. So you think, Bro. Whitney, you might grant me control if I'd hopple or clip my bees. How about fish? They're neither hop- pled nor clipped, no one even pretends to own them as bees are owned, and yet legis- lation clearly defines territory upon which one may not encroach in catching them. Very likely you are with the large majori- ty, but ' ' the world do move. ' ' Many years ago I rashly advocated legal control of bee territory, and called down wrath upon my head. So far as I know I was entirely alone; at least if any one agreed with me he never said so. Now I'm not alone. Not only do many good men agree with me, but in some places sole control of bee-territory is an ac- complished fact, made so by legal enactment. If it doesn't come here it's only because we are not so progressive as the people on the opposite side of the globe. Reading what is said on p. 1557, the be- ginner is likely to think that he should use split sections. Does Gleanings really ad- vise this? [Every man has his own ideas re- garding fixtures, but from the standpoint of dollars and cents, we can not see that it would pay any bee-keeper to throw away good supers, section-holders, and other ap- pliances to adopt the split-section plan. We are not even sure that it would pay a begin- ner to start out with the split sections. After the split sections are purchased, and every thing is in readiness, foundation may be put into four at once, very rapidly. But this saving of time does not mean much of a saving of money, for such work is usually done when time is not very valuable. A bet- ter grade of comb-honey is produced if foun- dation is held on all four sides, but we do not believe that the split-section plan has any merit as far as the appearance is con- cerned over the melted- wax plan for instance, for fastening full sheets on all four sides of any style of section The latter plan has the further advantage that no special section is needed. Split sections cost 50 cents a thousand ex- tra. Or, if the bee-keeper has his own foot- power saw, he niay reduce this extra cost a trifle by doing his own spliting, but not enough to be worth mentioning. Now a helper's time in the winter would not ordi- narily be worth 10 cents an hour. But fig- uring the labor at 10 cents an hour, never- theless, we have found that the cost of put- ting full sheets, fastened on all four sides, in the unsplit section, is not far from 50 cents per thousand, for it takes about five hours. It will be seen that this cost is practically the same as the extra first cost of the split sections. This means that the labor in put- ting foundation into split sections is an ex- pense that may be eliminated by adopting the plan of putting full sheets in ordinary sections by means of hot wax from the wax- tube. The wax used would not cost any more than the extra wax in the larger amount of foundation needed for the split-section plan. Finally, we have learned that there are many who object to the appearance of the split sections. Just how serious this objec- tion would be, we can not say. — H. H. R.] A BIG FIELD FOR BOTTLING HONEY. A RECENT canvass made in one of our large cities showed that little or nothing was being done with the bottling trade for extracted honey. While comb honey was fairly well represented in the retail groceries they had no liquid honey to speak of. We are in a position to know that the same condition ex- ists in many of our other large cities. It only goes to show that much more of extract- ed might be disposed of, and what a field there is for individual bee-keepers to bottle their own honey, especially if they are near a large city or town! This would have the ef- fect of increasing enormously the consump- tion of extracted, and at the same time have a tendency to advance prices. It is not because good bottled honey would not sell, but because none is offered. Before the new National pure-food law went into effect the market was injured and practical- ly killed by adulterated goods masquerading under the name of "Pure Honey," or "Farm Honey." Mr. Selser, of Philadelphia, Mr. Weber, of Cincinnati, Mr. Ponder, of Indianapolis, and some others, have demonstrated that pure goods will sell, and bring fairly remunerative prices. What these men have done for their respective cities others can do. There was never a better time to develop the bottling trade than now. Always put up a fine table honey, well ripened, and then be careful not to spoil a good trade, once worked up, by putting out inferior honey. We know of one case where a bottler having a fine trade practically ruin- ed it by putting out an off grade of pure hon- ey. It was off in body and color, and now he can not sell honey that is first-class. CLIPPING QUEENS VS. QUEEN-TRAPS. It takes considerable courage to run di- rectly counter to orthodoxy. For example, 1!»08 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTUKK. 19 especially in bee culture, it is generally con- sidered the correct practice to clip queens' wings in either a comb or extracted honey- producing apiary. The argument in its fa- vor has been mainly that it saves climbing tall trees, chasing after swarms that may run away with their queens, and last, but not least, a large amount of labor in the hiving of the swarm, because it hives itself. Mr. R. L. Taylor, who dissents somewhat from this, recently made the statement that "clipped queens are an unmitigated nuisance in swarming time." In the Bee-kcejjers' Re- view for December he defends the statement on the ground that queens are liable to be superseded at any time for any cause without the knowledge of the apiarist. Where a su- persedure has taken place in a hive with such queen, a swarm will issue with the new queen, and the apiarist, supposing that it will re- turn, finds out too late that his swarm has left for parts unknown. Then he adds: Swarms issuing with a clipped queen conduct them- selves in quite a different manner from that of those having a perfect one — the latter clustering quickly and completely, as a rule, and if another swarm is out and clustered, are not liable to discover and cluster with It; consequently, they may be secured and prompt- ly hived, while the former, in their search for their queen, hunt the premises over, and if there be a swarm out are sure to find and unite with it, and by their dil- atoriness give abundance of time for other swarms to issue and unite with them. Often they will not clus- ter at all; and if there has already been any swarming that day, they generally make persistent efforts to adopt the hive of the former swarm; and if there have been several previous swarms the same day, only the most skillful and rapid management can prevent a general mix-up. The bees are not only persistent in their attempts to enter strange hives, but, in spite of all, are more or less sucessful; so that often when one, by the use of sheets and smoke, imagines he has done a good job in his efforts to defeat their attempts, he finds later that one-half or two-thirds of the swarm has circumvented him. Concluding, he believes that the queen-trap has advantages over the clipping method be- cause it will catch any or all queens in the hive, virgin or laying, whether supersedure took place or not. While it will not prevent the mixing of the swarms, he says it will greatly mitigate it. The trap also has the advantage that the apiarist can see from which hive a swarm may have issued by looking into the trap. Mr. Taylor might have added that the trap saves some long hunts for queens and the delicate process of clipping. A trap can be clapped on a hive in a few seconds, while it sometimes takes many minutes, if the colony be strong, to find the queen. The only objection to the trap is the ex- pense and the fact that it may hinder to some extent the passage of bees laden with honey going into the hive; but this latter difficulty has been overcome almost entirely in the modern trap. THE DANGER OF GLUCOSE SUGARS. The Louisiana Planter, of November 30, very properly calls attention to the dangers of starch sugar, or what is known to the American trade as "grape sugar, " but which might with greater propriety be called glu- cose sugar. For evidence, our contemporary calls attention to an article in the Journal of the American Medical Association which gives a very able summary of all the data available on the question of the suitability of this sugar for human beings The article goes to show that starch sugar is undenia- bly dangerous, and that it is practically im- possible to have it free from injurious sul- phites when manufactured on a large scale. On a small scale it would not pay, for a substance must be cheap when it is to be used for the purposes of adulteration. The author of the article in question, a Mr. Lipp- man, does not hesitate to condemn this so- called grape sugar in no uncertain words. — W. K. M. SOME NEW BEE TERRITORY IN PROSPECT IN WYOMING. We have received from the State Board of Immigration, Cheyenne, Wyoming, a very hondsomely gotten-up book on the resources of Wyoming. It comprises over 140 pages of reading-matter, tastefully embellished with a number of excellent illustrations in "half- tone." As the book is compiled by the reg- ular government officials of the State, there is no doubt the statements are reliable and accurate. Particulars of all government and semi-government projects are given, with the address of those in control. Naturally Wyoming is one of the most favored ancl most picturesque regions on the earth, with resources that are practically boundless, and a climate which is almost perfect from the white man's standpoint. As a honey State it will probably rival Colorado, Texas, Utah, or California, at no distant date. Any of our readers who are actually seeking a new location in the West, where they can grow up with the country, can send to the above address and get this book. — W. K. M. GLUCOSE, AGAIN; IS IT POISONOUS TO THE HUMAN STOMACH? It might be supposed, from the tenor of its articles, that Gleanings is rather against the glucose industry, and that no one else is so prejudiced as we are. As a matter of fact, this antipathy is quite common — so much so that the company making this stuflf chang- ed its name from the American Glucose Co. to the American Cox*n Products Co. in def- erence to widespread popular opinion. The Louisiana Planter, the leading journal of the cane-sugar industry, in a recent issue sets forth the situation in this wise: It is now announced in Chicago that the Corn Prod- ucts Manufacturing Company contemplate the imme- diate erection ia that city of another great glucose manufacturing and refining plant, the estimated cost of which will be five millions of dollars. The land for this great establishment has already been secured on the line of the Chicago drainage canal, and it is said the expected capacity of the works will be a loaded car movement of 125 cars per day in and out, which will mean the employment of 750 people. Incidentally it is stated that from 5 to 6 million gal- lons of water will be needed for the daily use of the establishment, and borings have been made satisfying the management that they can secure an adequate water supply of excellent quality at a depth of some 1600 feet, which will be done with artesian wells. A storage and transfer elevator of a million and a quar- ter bushels capacity will be erected, and the interior is to be of tile laid in concrete. 20 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Jan. 1 A rather novel point is brought out in this connec- tion; and that is, that the wosdwork is to be done away with in this new factory, for the reason that the life of a glucose-factory is admitted by its builders not to exceed ten years, because of the deterioration of wood as affected by the processes in use. If the man- ufacture of glucose from corn starch and sulphuric acid destroys destroys the buildings in which the ma- terials are manipulated, what can we expect that this same combination will do to the human anatomy that is now called upon to take in this country some 1500 tons of it per day — an amount far in excess of the Louis- iana cane-sugar crop, and about equal in weight to the present beet- sugar crop? Again, the following on the same subject appears in Louisiana Planter for Dec. 14: The appeal of the producers of glucose to be per- mitted to call it " corn syrup" is causing considera- ble interest in food circles. The extraordinary way in which modern glucose is made by boiling starch in an attenuated solution of sulphuric acid, is a chemcial process that seems to have a bad name because of its objectionable origin in the process of its conversion from corn starch to the liquid or solid glucose. The Corn Products Co. have changed their own title from the American Glucose Co., of years back, and are now desirous of labeling their goods "corn syrup," which is essentially a misnomer, as the production of this kind of corn syrup is not possi- ble by the ordinary presence of evaporation, which produces sugar-cane syrup, sugar-beet syrup, sor- ghum syrup, and maple syrup. The use of injurious (and, in fact, of dangerous) chemicals in the manufacture of food stuffs was prac- ticed more than half a century ago. It is well known that the sugar of lead is probably the best clarifying agent for refining sugar. Dr. Evans refers to it in his " Sugar Planters' Manual," published about 1845, and says that it became necessary to prohibit by law the use of lead in sugar-refining, owing to the dangers to human health and life incident to that process. In the earlier history of the glucose industry it was a notable fact that one of the chief difficulties connected with it was that of entirely eliminating the free sul- phuric acid in the concentrated syrups. In order to do this it was necessary to use considerable lime; and this, combining with the free sulphuric acid, produced gypsum, or land plaster, which floated like clouds throughout the liquid mass, and was very difficult of removal, even by filter-press filtration. Liquid glu- cose manufactured from corn starch by the sulphuric- acid process is now turned out apparently as clear as crystal; but the central fact remains; that is, its manufacture with that very dangerous agent, sulphuric acid, and that free sulphuric acid has very frequently been present in samples of glucose offered for sale. The word " corn," if utilized in labeling glucose, will be so utilized in order to conceal some of the features of its objectionable origin. The label should properly read, "corn and sulphuric acid for table use." W. K. M. BEE-TALKS BEFORE SCHOOL-CHILDREN. Some time ago Mr. E. W. Pease, of Chica- go, wrote us concerning a talk on bees which he had given before one of the primary schools of that city. To give some idea of the interest shown, he obtained and sent to us the essays written on the subject by the children the day following. All of these showed that the most careful attention had been given, and that, in most cases, every part had been clearly understood. This is all the more remarkable since the children were in only the third grade, and were, therefore, not over nine or ten years old. From about twenty-five papers we have selected four to place before our readers — not because they are the best, particularly, but because they more nearly represent the average. BEES. The queen bee is a little larger than the others. A man by the name of Mr. Pease has an apiary. The father bee is called the drone, i iThere are three differ- ent kinds of bees in each hive. They are the queen, drone, and worker. If a bee ever gets into the wrong hive the other bees will kill him. There are about forty or sixty thousand bees in each hive. The queen lays her eggs in the cells. The bees put the honey in the cells. The honeycomb is made of pure wax. The bees go to some fiowers and get nectar and put it in their honey bag. The bees take hold of the corner of the cell and pull the wax out. When you want to have an apiary you number the hives. There is only one queen in each hive. If there is two one will kill the other. A bee has two pair of wings. The queen bee looks nearly the same as the rest except that she is larger. If the honey-comb is not pure wax the bees will not touch it. A bee will not sting if you will not hurt it. When the bees swarm the queen is always with them. When they swarm you take a dishpan and hit the twig and they will fall into the pan and then you put them in the hive. When a bee stings you it will die. Arthur Friberg. MR. PEASE AND HIS BEES. Thursday Mr. Pease said he would tell us a story about his bees. Frst he talked to us a long time about bees, and then showed us some bees he had in a case It was very interesting. There was a swarm of bees, and with them there was a queen. Mr. Pease said that the bees would not hurt us unless we hurt them. Mr. Pease said the bees and the queen-bees are very nice when they are not angry. There are thousands of bees in one hive. Did you ever know that bees are mailed to other countries? They are put in a box, and sent away. One bee must lay at least two or three thousand eggs a day. He said he was going to give us some cheese and hon- ey. Adena Halbebg, MR. PEASE and HIS BEE-FARM. Mr. Pease owns a'bee-farm. He is a very nice man. He told us that there were forty to sixty thousand in a hive. Mr. Pease's office is on the corner of Winne- mac Ave. and N. Robey Street. He has a nice office. A bee never stings when he comes back from the hon- ey-field. He is full of honey, and is too stiff to sting then. You have to put a vail over your face or else you will be stung. There is only one queen bee in each hive. I like bees because they give honey. But I would not like it if I should get stung by one. The queen should make two to three thousand eggs a day, or else they would not think much of them. Everett Lindstrom BEES. Across the street from our school is an apiary. A man named Mr. Pease owns the farm. Yesterday he was in our room and told us about bees. He said " Bees will not sting when going to the honey-fleld or coming back, because when going to the field they are too anxious to get the honey, and when coming back they can not curve the abdomen. Bees will sting un- der only two circumstances: that is, when thpy are hurt and when excited. The queen is supposed to lay two or three thousand eggs a day. Bees almost al- ways swarm. Allen Trimble. A study of the papers as a whole reveals the fact that certain parts were remembered rather better than others, showing that chil- dren appreciate the wonderful revelations in nature. For instance, nearly every pupil re- membered that a good queen should lay from two to three thousand eggs in a day; that the queen is larger than the workers; that there are three differents kinds of bees in a colo- ny, etc. Children have wonderful memories; and if they are told such things in an inter- esting way they almost never forget them. The bees in the observatory hive doubtless helped to impress the lesson on their minds. It is an oft-repeated statement, but one which is, nevertheless, true, that it pays a bee-keeper to educate the public. Giving a simple and interesting lecture before school-children is one way of doing this, and there are many otlter^, iyo8 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 21 INJURIOUS EFFECTS OF SULPHITES IN SYRUP AND MOLASSES. From time to time Gleanings has fur- nished its readers with considerable data concerning the injurious effects of sulphites and sulphurous acid when combined with human foods and used as such. Some may have thought we were stretching the truth so as to get a case against syrup, molasses, and glucose. Our ideas on the subject were obtained from reading the reports of physio- logical experiments made in Germany, and from talks with men well versed in the tech- nics of sugar manufacture. Now comes a bulletin just issued by the United States De- partment of Agriculture which more than confirms all we have said. Sulphites and sulphurous acid have been found guilty on all counts. Every bee-keeper who sells hon- ey locally ought to send for this bulletin, which we think is free to all. It was issued Nov. 22. As the report is founded on prac- tical experiments made in Washington we will give the summary of results verbatim so that there need be no misunderstanding anywhere. — W. K. M. These data clearly show that the administration of sulphites and of sulphurous acid in a free state in the quantities employed produces harmful effects. A ten- dency is manifested in practically every case to pro- duce headache and digestive disturbances. In some cases these symptoms are not clearly marked, while in others they are extremely well defined. In many cases uneasy sensations and even pain were developed in the stomach and intestines, and there were com- plaints of " heartburn." The occurrence of this class of symptoms during the administration of the preserv- ative and their gradual disappearance during the aft- er-period seem to be conclusive evidence that they could have been due only to the effect of the preserva- tive itself. There were also in some cases attacks of dizziness, and palpitation of the heart. In a few cases nausea was developed to the extent of vomiting. It was recognized, as in previous experiments, that the mental attitude of the subject might play some part in producing these symptoms, or at least might affect the description of them by the man himself. That this, however, does not exercise a dominant in- fluence was more than established by the remarkable effects of the administration of salicylic acid, where, with the same opportunities for mental effects of a depressing character, there was manifested, on the contrary, a persistent demand for more food, the sali- cylic acid apparently serving as a stimulant. There is no doubt, therefore, of the fact that the symptoms which are described in the medical history are those actually experienced by the young men, any tendency to exaggeration in the reporting of these symptoms having been carefully considered at the time. In the case of the men who received sodium sulphite the conclusion is inevitable that the administration of this preservative in the great majority of cases causes headache, sensations of dizziness and occasion- al nausea, indigestion, pains in the stomach, and oth- er unfavorable symptoms. With the men who re- ceived sulphurous acid in an uncombined state, head- ache was very common, there was a slight tendency to dizziness, accompanied in some cases by nausea, and a feeling of exhaustion and weakness. In general, it may be said that the most prominent symptom was that of headache, which could hardly have been caused by the imagination. This symptom was very commonly and very persistently experienced at some time during the preservative period. BODY WEIGHT. The administration of the sodium sulphite was ac- companied by a slight average loss of weight during the preservative period, but the full effect of the pre- servative in diminishing the weight of the body was shown only toward the end of the preservative period, and there was a continued loss in weight during the after-period. It appears, therefore, that the administration of sul- phurous acid in the form of sulphite tends to reduce the weight of the body slowly, and that this tendency IS continued for a considerable time after the with- drawal of the preservative. There was a very slight mcrease in the average weight of the body under the administration of the sulphurous acid in the uncom- bmed form, which increase continued in the after- period. The final average effect upon weight for the eleven men shows no change in the preservative peri- od and a slight decrease in the after-period. THE NATIONAL CONVENTION AT HARRISBURG; A MARK OF APPRECIATION SHOWN TO GENERAL-MANAGER N. E. FRANCE. Owing to one thing and another we have been unable to continue our report as given on page 1430, Nov. 15th issue. We now take it up where we left off. We listened to a very interesting address by the Rev. N. E. Cleaver, on the subject "Is it practicable and profitable for the average bee-keeper to rear queens for market?" As we published an article from him on that subject on page 1445, in which he gives some of the main points of his paper, we will not go into a discussion of it here; but the ad- dress taking the negative side of the propo- sition was listened to with marked attention drawing forth a great deal of interesting dis- cussion. We next listened to an interesting paper although somewhat technical, on the insect enemies of the honey-bee, by Assistant State Zoologist Satterthwait, of Harrisburg. The main points were as follows: The bee-moth {Oalleria melonella); the wax-moth [Achrcea grisella). Fab ; bee-killer (Promachus Fitchii); bee-louse {Braula cce- ca)\ oil beetle {Meloe angusticollis);Qy (Phora incrassata); meal-moth and the bee- beetle {Trichoides apiarius). Of less importance are predaceous wolf- flies, dragon-flies, wasps, hornets, ambush and assassin bugs, ants, and sphinx moths. Aristotle, Virgil, Columella and other ancient writers mention the bee- moth as a formidable enemy of bees. It was first mentioned in this country by the Boston Patriot as having made its appearance near that city in the spring of 1806. It was noted at Mercer, Pa., in 1826, and by 1826 had over- run Ohio. At the present time probably eve- ry apiarian knows the work of the moth, and that it can not be successfully controlled in the old-fashioned box hives. Its life his- tory is as follows: The moth, from head to the end of the folded wing, is f to f of an inch; the expanse IS lyV to li*o inches. The females average much larger than the males. The palpi of the females form a prominent "beak." The palpi of the male are not so conspicuous The adults fly normally after dusk, about May for the first brood, and August for the second brood. When the moth is at rest the legs are naturally concealed. The wings closely overlap on the back, when folded and are drawn down at the sides. The outer margin, thus folded, suggests the outline of the tail of a fowl. When the moth is disturbed it moves with a jump and a flit, making it hard to catch The eggs are inserted by the telescoping ovi- positor into any available crevice of the hive, the number sometimes exceeding 200. GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE Jan. 1 The adult moths are very agile, their speed of flight exceeding the flight of bees. The bee-killer, or wolf-fly [Promachus bastardi) was first reported from Nebraska in July, 1864, as a pronounced enemy of the honey-bee. Dr. Fitch describes these flies as inhuman murderers — the savages of the insect world. They take their prey to some extent, perhaps generally, on the wing, and even seize dragon-flies, bumble-bees, and tiger-beetles. The pain of a common horse- fly's bite is generally understood to be mad- dening in its sharpness; but the wolf-fly pro- boscis lacks all softness, and when inserted into the victim it is held there by stiff bristles, and the fly sucks out, not a little blood, but the whole mass of the internal oi'gans! Dr. Riley watched a number of these bee-killers for a while, and observed that, although many other insects were present, it gave ex- clusive attention during this observation to the selection of honey-bees. The sting of the bee seems not to affect them except to make them tighten their grasp on their doomed victims. The bee-killer is in the adult stage during June and July. The bee-louse is found living parasitically on the honey-bees in Europe. It is from J to f of a line long. It is a body parasite, one or two occurring on the body of the bee, though sometimes they greatly multiply, and are very troublesome to the bees. The blister-beetle (Meloe Americanus) seems to be the only member of its family in Pennsylvania. Its life history is varied from that of most insects, even from other cole- optera, in having, instead of egg, larval, pupa, and adult stage, larval (the breeding stage), the second larval, the third larval stage, pupa, and adult. This insect hatches from the eggs, which are laid in the ground, and gets a foothold on a bee at the first oppor- tunity. These are body parasites Lack of time prevented Mr. Sattlewait from deal- ing with other insect enemies of bees such as wasps, hornets, millipedes, and spiders. The remedy was, to keep the colony strong, and the bees will usually be their own best protectors, thousands of bees being ready to die in the defense of their home. MR. FRANCE REMEMBERED. This was followed by the question-box, which, for lack of space we will not here re- produce. But there was one very pretty in- cident that occurred, during which Mr. W. Z. Hutchinson sprang a pleasant surprise. The session was about to adjourn when he begged a few moments of time in which he mignt bring up a matter that he thought would be interesting to all. He then pro- ceeded to tell how he had sent out a circular letter to the members of the National Bee- keepers' Association in which he called at- tention to the splendid services performed by General Manager N. E. France to the National, and how he had worked long and faithfully, as every one knew, for a very small salary. He suggested that those who felt that the General Manager's services were worthy of a lasting recognition, and who would be willing to contribute a small amount toward the purchase of a gold watch and chain, to be presented at the Harrisburg con- vention, should send in their contributions. There were many responses to this, the ma- jority of remittances being in ten-cent pieces; but there were quite a number of others, ranging all the way from two to five dollars each, the aggregate of which was $75.00 But the most pleasing feature, said Mr. Hutchinson, in these responses was that many said they had thought of doing the same thing before, and were now glad of sending this mark of their appreciation. One man in particular had thought for some time that Mr. France should be kept under a close "watch," and added that he should not wonder if he needed to be "chained" too, and inclosed his 25 cents. To make a long story short, Mr. Hutchinson, with the mon- ey, purchased a beautiful gold watch with a full-jeweled movement, bearing the follow- ing inscription: "A token of appreciation from members of the N. B. K. A. to their manager, N. E. France;" and as he present- ed this to Mr. France he said: Bro. France, take this beautiful token of our ap- preciation; wear it next your heart; and may that heart long beat as faithfully and steadily as the little balance-wheel inside; may your face ever be as bright and shining as this beautiful case; and may your days be as full of " good works." But there was money enough left to make another present, and a happy thought struck Mr. Hutchinson that the wife who had made it possible for Mr. France to leave home and attend to the exacting duties of the National ought to be remembered; and after tender- ing the watch Mr. Hutchinson turned again to the General Manager and said: Bro. France, we have tried to fill your cup of happi- ness to the brim; now we wish to make it overflow. Away in that far western home of yours is a loved one who. with bright brain and nimble fingers, looks well to the ways of her household. And we have been led to believe that, were it not for these nimble fingers and the wise guidance of affairs in your absence, it would be impossible for you to fulfill properly the duties of the office that you now hold. In view of this we esteem it a rare pleasure to remember also that faithful helpmate of yours— your wife. We have, for her, a dozen solid-silver tea-spoons. On the top of the handle, in old English script, we have had engraved the letter F. On the under side of the handle, in smaller script, are the letters N. B. K. A. Take them to Mrs. France, and present them with the compli- ments of the National Association. Tell her not to " keep them just for company." Have her use them every day, just as you do your watch, and when \our hand supports one of these so easily, so lightly, re- member that, in a like manner, back of you stands the whole National Association, aad that it can and wi I support you just as firmly as your hand can support one of these little spoons. At the conclusion of this Mr. France was deeply touched, and for the time being was unable to respond. The day'ssession adjourn- ed, after which he was made the recipient of many hearty handshakes and congratulatons. Gleanings believes that the wonderful growth and success of the National bas been due very largely to Mr. France's personality; but, more than all else, to the immense amount of hard work which he has bestowed on the organization — a service, which Mr. Hutchinson very properly estimates, could not have been secured by any private cor- poration for five times the amount he has been paid. f Continued.) 1908 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 23 HONEY FROM BASSWOOD. "I am sending you a few questions which I wish you to answer as they are numbered, if you will accommodate me thus; and 1 wish them answered through the columns of Gleanings. 1. lam thinking of moving my bees, the coming summer, several miles to where there is an abundance of basswood, hoping to secure a greater yield of honey than I at present receive, as I have no bass- wood near me. What would be your opin- ion regarding this matter? 2. Are there any seasons when basswood blossoms in profu- sion without giving a good yield of nectar from those blossoms? 3. Are not the blos- som-buds formed on the basswood-trees a few weeks previous to the time of their open- ing, so that I can know by this whether there is a prospect of honey from that source in time to make preparations for moving? Thanking you in advance for whatever re- ply you may see fit to make, I am " Yours truly, "T. E. Howe, New York." In answering the first question I would say that 1 believe basswood to be the greatest honey-producer in the world, and the least likely to fail to yield nectar of any plant or tree; therefore 1 call the idea of our corres- pondent a good one, and I see nothing against it except the expense. That basswood is an enormous yielder of nectar was proven years ago, when the late Dr. Gallup, then of Or- chard, Iowa, obtained a yield of 20 pounds per day on an average from a single colony, during a period of 30 days; or 600 pounds from a single colony in thirty days. This record has never been beaten, if I am cor- rect, by any single colony, from any one source of nectar supply during the same num- ber of days. I once had a colony which gave a yield of 66 lbs. of basswood honey in three days, and 302 in ten days, and proba- bly might have done nearly as well as Gal- lup's had the Mow of nectar continued as long. From the above I believe if Mr. Howe can move his bees to the basswood and re- turn them at an expense of about one dollar per colony, he would do well, even in a rath- er poor season, as a yield of ten pounds per colony would nearly if not quite pay for the moving. And should the cost come up to $1.50 per colony, 15 to 17 pounds would cov- er that with the present price of honey. By going back over my account with my bees for the past 30 years I find that, from basswood alone, my yield of honey has been about 55 pounds on an average from each colony, each year. This is the average yield of the apiary, not the yield of an individual colony. Now, to be on the safe side, sup- pose we call 50 pounds as the average yield, or what we could expect one year with anoth- er, from basswood, and that it will cost 20 pounds of that yield for moving the bees to the basswood, we shall have 30 fbs. per colo- ny left as the profit. This, at 10 cts. per pound, would give us $3 00 per colony; and if Mr. Howe has 100 colonies his profit above the cost would be $300 00, which would be an item worth considering. To his second question. I will say that, up to five years ago, I never knew of an entire failure of nectar from the basswood. That season we had a freeze which formed ice half an inch thick after the basswood com- menced to leave out, and for this reason there was not any basswood bloom at all that year, hence an entire failure; then three years ago a freeze killed all the buds on the low ground, but on the hills there was some bloom, but not enough to give any thing like a full yield. Aside from this the shortest flow I ever knew gave a three-days' yield, in which honey was so plentiful that the bees could not prepare room fast enough to store it, with a gradual tapering off of two days more, making five days in all. The longest gave a yield of 25 days, with three of them so cold that the bees could work only a little in the middle of the day. The state of the atmosphere has much to do with the secretion of nectar in the basswood flowers. The most unfavorable weather is a cold, rainy, cloudy spell, with the air or wind in a northerly di- rection. If basswood bloom came at a time of year when we were likely to have much such weather, there might be some doubt about moving to the basswood being profit- able; but, as a rule, we have very little such weather while basswood is in bloom. We are more apt to have showery weather with the air charged with electricity, at which time the nectar will almost drop from the blossoms, providing no rain comes within two or three miles from the apiary. At such times as this I have seen honey sparkling in the bloom after it had fallen to the ground — so much so as to attract my attention in the morning sunshine. Then this nectar is al- most or quite honey, not sweetened water, which makes basswood doubly valuable over most of other honey-secreting plants or trees. At times when basswood was yielding its best I have seen fully a bee- load of honey in a single flower, and from one stem of blos- soms I have jarred two to three thick drops of nectar into the palm of my hand, enough so it would run from the hand. But, of course, such an extreme has occurred only three or four times in my forty years of apicultural life. In answering the third question I will say that the fruit- buds and leaflets to all trees with which I a*m familiar are formed in June and July of the preceding year, so the results of next season's honey yield, so far as buds and flowers are concerned, are already form- ed in embryo, on the apparently bare and lifeless branches of the basswood-trees, as we behold them these zero days of winter. They 24 GLEANINGS IN BEK CULTURE. Jan. 1 wait only for the waniilh of spiing, to bring this dormant life into growlli. As soon as these buds unfold some time during the com- ing May, then we can see and know whether to make preparations for moving the bees or not. By examining closely we can find the bunch of buds at the base of each leaf, curl- ed up, looking like the half of a small sweet- pea seed, or perhaps a little fuzzy caterpillar would describe it better. With each week the bunch of buds grows till at the end of about seven weeks from the time the trees begin to show their green in spring Ihey open their Mowers filled with nectar, to invite the bees to a sumptuous feast. Of course, a cool season will retard the time of bloom from a week to ten days, and a very hot season ad- vance it nearly as much, but the above is the rule. June 28th is the earliest I ever knew basswood- bloom to open in this locality, and July 10th the latest. Thus the practical eye can tell nearly two months in advance as to the promise of a yield of basswood honey. SELKCTING QUEENS. I read with great interest the article in Nov. Ist issue Gleanings from E. W. Alexander, as I always do words from his pen. Two points interested me particularly, as my own ex- nerience is strictly in line with his. One of the greatest inventions ever made in this country, or, for that matter, in the world, was the Bahcock milk-tester. This simple instrument makes it possible for the dairy- man to know just what each cow brings him. He need not leave any thing to chance, but can tell easily, at once, and with no chance for mistake, the exact status of every one of his cows. This makes it possible to weed out the failures, and also the indifferent ani- mals, and soon he has only the best; and as he breeds from those retained, he reaps a double benefit; he has cows that pay, and he gets a renewal in kind for future use. It is said that this simple invention of Prof. Bab- cock, of the Wisconsin University, which was given to the world, increased the dairy products and profits by one-half in Wiscon- sin; and if there, then of course it has done equal service in every other State where the dairy interest is prominent. Mr. Alexander's article suggests that the dairyman is not the only one who practices this weeding-out process. The bee-keeper has no Babcock machine, but he is less in need of one than is the dairyman; for if he has sharp eyes ( and these are quite requisite to the successful bee-keeper) he will know his queens from alpha to omega, and will know the one that fills his hives with industry, honey, and his pocketbook with dollars. But, even with this knowledge, how many practice the keeping of only the best, and breeding from only the very best? Here the apiarist has advantage over even the dairy- man, for the dairyman will, with a great show of reason, hesitate to kill any of his calves from selected mother's, while the bee- keeper has no good reason for breeding from any one but the very best queen of the api- ary The dairyman can get but one offspring from each cow in a year, while the bee-man can get all his queens from his best queen — an unlimited number; and if he exercises the requisite care, he can get them nearly all mated with drones from his next-best queen. Should not all then follow the advice and ex- ample of Mr. Alexander, taking every pains to determine the very best queens, those that breed late in fall, those that are phenomenal- ly prolific, those that give us sweet-temper- ed workers, and, indeed, workers that are models in every respect? Then let us be un- sparing, and mercilessly destroy every one that does not come up to the best, and re- queen from young queens that are reared from the very best queen in the bee-yard. If others have better- they will not have if we practice the above — then we will, if wise, secure from them, that we may breed and possess Ihe very best that are to be had. Peter Collyer once said that it would be a God-send if lightning would strike half the cows in the State of New York if it would select discreetly. Mr. Wm McEvoy says in the October number of the Canadian Bee Journal, that 90 per cent of the queens of Ontario should be destroyed, and young better queens put in their place. We have no reason to think that Ontario is one whit behind any section of the world in the skill and intelli- gence of her bee-keepers. The second point made by Mr. Alexander is just as wise and timely as the other. Years ago, as readers of the bee-journals will remember, I tried the effects of stimulative feeding in the spring, and with surprising results. There is no question but judicious feeding, regularly carried on, will do wonders as the colonies are building up in the spring. Mr. Alexander makes another good point which has so much of his customary good sense coupled with it that it must commend itself to every thoughtful 'experienced bee- keeper. The solid combs of capped honey in the middle of the brood-nest are surely in the way of a prosperous increase. Some one has said that dirt is matter out of place, and, if so, a very short word characterizes the keeping of great frames solid with honey in the brood-chamber in the early season of the year. There are three decided gains in the rec- ommendation of Mr Alexander, faithfully carried out: First and least, we often get honey to sell that would otherwise be worse than useless, for a time; second, we remove the great cold barriers in the midst of the brood-nest, that would better be in cellar or storeroom, or, better still, extracted, the hon- 1908 GLEANINGS IN BP:E CULTURE. 25 ey sold, and the combs ready for use as needed in the spring; and third, and most important, we would practice that stimula- tion which would give us very strong colo- nies and much honey as the season advances. I am sure we all owe Mr. Alexander a most hearty vote of thanks for his meaty article, and you, Mr. Editor, for giving it to us in the pages of your excellent paper. .^ ENEMIKS OF BEES. One of the interesting facts of nature is that of mimicry for protection. In one case our bees are victims to this law of mimicry. This comes through one of our little bugs, which, in my "Bee-keeper's Guide," I call the " stinging bug. " This insect is known to science as Phymata erosa. This little bug is a good illustration of this law of mimicry. . It is of a dull obscure yellow; and as it hides among the stamens of the goldenrod it is so concealed that it is difficult even for the hu- man eye, sharpened by close scientific obser- vation, to discover it. What wonder, then, that the industrious honey-bee, all unsus- pecting, should come fearlessly into the very clutch of this cruel stinging bug? I gave the name "stinging bug '' to this little stab- ber, as it often punctures man himself so as to cause a severe smart. There is another curious feature about this little murderer that is not specially joyous to the bee-keeper. It has its front legs curi- ously fashioned so as to grasp with them; and as it lies snugly in its floral retreat it can, as bee or other coveted insect comes to it, grasp its luckless prey with one of these strong leg jaws, and, with the other, hold firmly to the flower, and then with its strong beak can pierce and suck its victim blood- less and lifeless. This phymata is widely distributed in our country, and destroys many thousands of bees annually. It is for- tunate that our bees are so prolific, as we know of no way to get rid of these bugs, and we may not suffer very serious loss, for the increase in the hive with a good queen is so striking that the loss from the stinging bug is not greatly felt. PLACING BEES EARLIER IN THE CELLAR. On Nov. 18, Mr. C. Edmanson, President of the Brant Bee-keepers' Association, a thor- oughly up-to-date bee-keeper, helped me to put my bees in the cellar. On the 27th of the same month I helped him to cellar his bees. We both made up our minds that the bees had lost by remaining out the other nine days, and, circumstances permitting, the bees will go in even earlier next year. On page 1510 you very wisely endorse what appears to be to you a new idea in comb- honey shipping-cases; viz., a sliding cover. No doubt the idea is original with Mr. Hart but we have had them in general use in On- tario for fifteen years or more. 1 simply took the pattern from the old-fashioned wooden match-box. .^ STIMULATIVE FEEDING IN SPRING. At the Ontario Bee-keepers' Association convention lately held in Toronto, Messrs Wm. McEvoy, S. D. House, E. Deckinsoni Jr., and R. F. Holtermann were about the only pronounced advocates of stimulative feeding. They carefully qualified the state- ment by saying it had to be done skillfully and judiciously, and Mr. McEvoy said that when begun at fruit- bloom time, feeding should be done whenever one day passed without either natural or artificial storing by the bees. For my part I am inclined to think that the four above-named gentlemen display- ed remarkably sound judgment in their views and convictions upon the question. BRANT DISTRICT MEETING. The Brant District bee-keepers' convention, which has been so great a success for several years, and which last year was honored by the presence of five (and no ordinary five) of our United States bee-keeping fraternity is to be held this year at Brantford, Jan 21 22, 23, beginning at 7 : 30 p.m. of the first day! probably at the court-house. Mr. L. A. As- pinwall, President National Bee-keepers' Association, Jackson, Mich. , has already sig- nified his intention to be present with a non- swarming hive. As old and careful an in- vestigator as is Mr. Aspinwall would be enough of a drawing card; but we expect many more. My bee-cellar will be open for inspection. I should be glad if those coming from the United States or Canada would write the secretary, Mr. W. J. Craig, Brant- ford, or myself at the same place. New York State is only some 80 miles away, and Michi- gan is within a reasonable distance. .9 FOUL BROOD. No doubt all will be pleased that, when the reports of the latter part of the season and that of the extreme eastern portion of the Province have been added to the early seasons, the percentage of apiaries found dis- eased of those inspected is 42. This, how- ever, leaves no room for congratulation, par- ticularly when, in some cases, every apiary in the vicinity was inspected. As the result of attending conventions in New York and Michigan 1 found much disease reported in the Michigan Convention, where, it was said, "We must wipe it out or it will wipe us out.'' In other diseases of a contagious nature a good wholesome anxiety aroused makes eve- ry intelligent person help in the needed work. It appears to me that the bee- journals could and should help in this work. Let every bee- keeper in the country work to see if the dis- 26 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Jan. I ease is in his and his neighbors' apiaries, and this, with the law in cases needed, will do much to stamp out the disease. HONET FOR ROYALTT. So King Edward, of Great Britain and Ireland, is to be presented with Canadian comb and extracted honey. It is the product of the Province of Ontario, and it was shown at the fruit, flower, and honey show, Toron- to. Messrs. D. Anguish, Geo. Laing, H. G. Sibbald, E. Grainger, and J. H. Thomson, certainly had very fine honey there, and I feel sure that, with His Majesty's usual good judgment, the Ontario Bee-keepers' Associa- tion (for it presents the goods) will in future be "Purveyors to His Majesty." His peace- ful tendencies are already well known; but we expect that, after partaking of this hon- ey, his Majesty's tendencies in that direction will become so active, and his good will to the bee-keeping industry in Ontario will be- come so great, that he will be instrumental, or at least seek to be instrumental, in calling a truce, or even declare a peace between Bacillus alvei and the the larvae of Apis mel- lifica; also between whatever factions or dif- ferences of opinion there may be in the bee- keeping world. CARBON DIOXIDE IN WINTERING. In the British Medical Journal of Dec. 22, 1906, appears an interesting article on ' ' Acap- nia as a Factor in Shock." The article is by Dr. Henderson, and it may have a very interesting bearing upon the wintering prob- lem. It is just such problems as these, and the impossibility of their accurate solu- tion otherwise, that makes us long for the time when we shall have thoroughly practical yet scientific experiments in charge of api- cultural experimental stations equipped for the most delicate of tests and closest obser- vations and the recording of the results. Briefly Dr. Henderson states that it is found that, in the foetus of animals, there is found in their blood a higher percentage of carbon dioxide than in the mature animal; that in breathing our lungs are not entirely emptied of gas, and that, when we draw in fresh air, owing to the admixture of this with the car- bon-dioxide-laden air there is a dilution. This admixture of carbon dioxide and air has a purpose, as has every act in nature. He found that, when we draw sharp quick breaths for several times in succession the carbon dioxide in the lungs is diluted, and, after such action, we naturally want to stop, or at least we much want to curtail breath- ing for a time. The object thus accomplish- ed by nature is to increase again to normal the percentage of carbon dioxide in the lungs. Dr. Henderson, by careful tests, found that by increasing the amount of oxygen in the lungs, the palpitation of the heart increased, and the amount of blood driven through the veins was affected, and that this may become injurious; in fact, in extreme cases it caused death. But some may say this is very interesting, and may even explain to those whose heart- action is weak why they should not exercise violently; but what has that to do with bee- keeping? Why, I can see that it maybe possible that, when bees are at rest, especially during the quiet of winter, it may be a positive ad- vantage for the atmosphere to be diluted with carbon dioxide, that the lack of venti- lation, except in a very moderate way, may be injurious, providing the moisture, by means of environments, or the construction of the hive, or can be taken away from the bees. What interesting problems in bee-keep- ing, problems that we have not yet dreamed of, may we not solve in the future? GleaoinjsfroiiiOurroreijiii&clianje: HONEY GINGER-BREAD. Simmer one pound of honey; mix in one pound of rye flour or wheat flour. Stir with a wooden spoon. Beat it well and then al- low it to get cold. Add to the batter (dough) half an ounce of carbonate of ammonia, which may be obtained at any drugstore. Thoroughly incorporate the carbonate of ammonia, for on this the proper rising of the bread depends. It should be cooked slowly in the oven. This is said to produce excellent bread, and yet is very easy to maKe. —Health and Honey [French). BEE-KEEPING FOSTERED BY THE NEM' ZEA- LAND DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. The New Zealand Department of Agricul- ture has just sent us a copy of a recent bul- letin on bee culture which it is now distrib- uting to the bee-keepers of that far-away country. As usual, it is well gotten up, and its teachings are sound and good. Its author is an old-time friend of Gleanings, Mr. Isaac Hopkins, who is now government apia- rist. The bulletin is mainiy written in the interest of beginners and amateurs, and, so far as we know about New Zealand apicul- ture, the instruction given is excellent. A NEW WORK ON THE NATURAL HISTORY OF THE HONEY-BEE. The publishers of the lllustrierte Monats- blatter fuer Bienenzucht, published at Klos- terneuburg, near Vienna, have sent us a copy of part first of their new book "Con- tributions to a Natural History of the Hon- ey-bee," by Dr. Fleischman, * Professor of Zoology in the University of Erlangen. The editor is the well-known Theodor Weippl, himself^quite an author, and also editor of 1908 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 27 the Austrian bee- journal from the ollice of which this book is published. The book is somewhat on the style of Mr. Cowan's, but goes over more ground, and goes deeper into the subject. One of the features of this work are the illustrations drawn by Dr. Fleischman himself. There are nearly sixty in this part alone, which deals with the hair, legs, wings, mouth-parts, and various parts of the body. The cell theory as applied to honey-bees is graphically displayed so as to be readily understood. It will be some time before all the parts are out, as it is being issued from time to time. To those who understand the German language thorough- ly, we can highly recommend this book. Each part costs 25 cents; but any one wish- ing to obtain copies must subscribe for the whole book, which, we understand, will con- sist of six parts. .& THE HONEY-BEARING TREES OF VTEST AUS- TRALIA; THE EUCALYPTUS. Mr. John Craigie has kindly furnished me with a list of the principal honey-bearing trees of West Australia, which may be con- sidered a model, and hence it is appended here. It will be noted that the common names of the eucalypti differ in some cases from those in other parts of Australia. Mybtac^. Systematic Name. Myrtaca;. Eucalyptus Calophylla. Myrtaca3. Eucalyptus Marginata. Myrtacae, Eucalyptus Toxophylla. Myrtacas. Eucalyptus Redunca. Myrtaca3. Eucalyptus Gomphocephala. Myrtacee. Eucalyptus Patens. Myrtacaj. Eucalyptus Rostrata. MyrtacEe. Eucalyptus Rudis. Myrtacje. Eucalyptus Megacarpa. Myrtacas. Eucalyptus Agonis Flexuosa. MyrtacEe. E. Melaleuca Leucadendron. Proteacea. Banksia Verticillata. Proteacea. Banksia Littoralis. Proteacea. Banksia Attenuata. Proteacea. Banksia Menziesii. Proteacea. Banksia Ilicifolia. Proteacea. Banksia Grandis. Proteacea. Banksia Dentata. Leguminosa. Acacia Saligna Leguminosa. Acacia Acuminata. Leguminosa. Acacia Microbotyra. LiBcinthaceaj. Nuytpsia Floribunda. For good or ill, the eucalyptus-trees are being extensively planted on the Pacific slope, and the more we know about them the better. It is pretty certain that, in many cases, the wrong species has been planted, and an error of this kind is difficult to recti- fy. For example, the blue gum of Tasmania {Eucalyptus globulus) has oeen quite exten- sively planted, whereas it is much inferior to some others for the same purpose. Curi- ously enough, California has great virgin forests of fine redwood and pine trees, and yet it is planting eucalypti by the millions. THE HONEY FLORA OF SPAIN. Seiior Miguel Pons-Fabregues, of Barce- lona, Spain, has sent me a copy of his "Api- cultural Flora of Spain," a book of nearly 200 pages. As indicated by its name it deals with the honey-plants of Spain, or, rather, the Iberian peninsula. It enumerates 652 species of plants which the bees fi'equent. Of course, these are not all natives, some be- ing exotics; but the fact that some parts of Spain are very cold, while other parts are quite tropical, growing oranges, lemons, dates, etc., accounts for the long list. Sefior Pons-Fabreques has made quite a study of the bee flora of Spain, and has succeeded in compiling a very interesting list. Some of the plants he mentions might with great propriety be introduced into the Unit- ed States; for example, chick-peas, sulla, es- parcette, lentils, St. John's bread, and fenu- greek, all belonging to the order of legumes. In Spain these plants have been regularly cultivated for hundreds of years. This Spanish writer regards the "sweet clover," or "Bokara clover," of this coun- try, as a sub-species or variety of Melotus al- ba, which he terms Melotus leticafitha. He mentions, also, Melotus parviflora, M. nea- 2^olitana, M. ynacrorhiza, and M. arvensis. He does not mention the dark-blue or purple sweet clover. He mentions the hardy yellow alfalfa {Medicago Uqndina). He says it sometimes bears violet flowers. He also states there are many other species of Medicago in Spain. THE DANDELION IN SPAIN. In regard to the much maligned dandelion he rightly remarks that it is an excellent sal- ad plant, and that it is an ex- cellent forage plant for cattle. It may interest many to know that heather grows well on the mountain tablelands of old Spain. He quietly remarks, however, that, while the quan- tity of the honey obtained from it is very great, the quality is inferior. If he ever goes to Germany or Scotland he stands a chance of being lynched. He mentions the olive-tree as a honey-plant, in deference, probably, to the opinion of some other bee-keepers who have reported it as such. He seems inclined to doubt it. I have observed olives for years, and, so far, have yet to see a bee near its flowers. Possi- bly it yields honey-dew. He mentions the grape in his list, for the I'eason that, after other insects have bitten open the skin, the bees manage to get a quantity of sweet nec- tar therefrom. Altogether the book is a very creditable production, more particularly as it emanates from a country which some are inclined to regard as behind the age. It is very well printed on good paper, and isells for 50 cents. BEE-KEEPING IN SPAIN; A COMPARISON OF PRICES ON HONEY IN THE VARIOUS EU- ROPEAN COUNTRIES, FROM EL COLMENERO ESPANOL. On vai'ious occasions we have shown how abundantly blessed is our native country with appropriate conditions for successful apiculture — a beniga climate, and a rich and abundant flora rendering it possible to se- Vernaculab N'e, Red gum. Jarrah.— York gum. Wandoo. Tuart. Blackbutt. Flooded gum. Flooded gum. Blue gum. Peppermint-tree. Paper-bark. River Banksia. Seaside Banksia. Narrow-leaf Ban'a. Menzies Banksia. Hollyleaf Banksia. Great flowering B. Toothed Banksia. Wattle bark. Raspberry jam. Wattle gum. Christmas-tree. 28 GLEAJSINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Jan 1 cure yields which may seem impossible to those who do not follow the movable system of bee-keeping. Modern apicultiirists who devote study and knowledge to effect a com- plete understanding of the problems sur- rounding the collection of honey are just as anxious to secure a price for their honey from merchants equal to its actual value, or the system in which it is held, and accord- ing to the class to which it belongs. In this part of Spain it is somewhat difficult to re- alize on our honey for want of a depot or honey-selling agency. Our honey, especially that proceeding from orange-flowers, in the kingdom of Va- lencia, Murcia, and Andalusia, also that from the rosemary, is alway appreciated, as also that gathered from the flowers of the wild thyme, and other mint flowers having an exquisite aroma, and which are proper to the Mediterranean region and the coast of Spain. These have to come in competi- tion with honey derived from clover, sain- foin, alfalfa, rape, and other kinds of various origins, which are more abundant in outside regions, but which we are certain are not su- perior to our Spanish honeys. We propose, then, to compare the prices obtained in oth- er countries with those in our own, as a guide to our bee-keepers. Berlin. — The price of extracted honey there is always firm enough; \ kilo (a little more than 1 lb.) extracted honey, 30 cts. ; ^ kilo (a pound section) comb honey, 37^ cts.; 1 kilo (2^ lbs), 59 cts. Bremen. — Honey (in sections) per lb., 80 cts.; honey (extracted) per lb., 27^ cts.; honey (strained), per lb., 20 cts. Ai Reichenberg, Bohemia, Austria, the price of honey in the market is approximate- ly as follows: i lb., 20 cts.; 1 lb., 36 cts.; \\ lbs., 56 cts.; 2^ lbs., $1.00. It should be understood this is for honey which is new, and put up in a jar. G'ermaw^/-— Already we have quoted the prices obtained for honey in the capital city of the nation, giving the figures obtained at the end of last October. These prices make a very suggestive comparison when put alongside the prices obtained for Spanish honey, and it is certain the quality is in no- wise superior to ours. The sale of honey at these prices is very considerable, and may be indicated as never under 30 cents nor over 37^ per lb. (17 oz.). It is understood, of course, the honey is in glass. For bass- wood, locust, and similar kinds, which are considered very good, but which are certain- ly not superior to orange olossom or wild thyme, a price of 50 cts. per lb. is obtained. in Denmark the best honey is sold by the producer directly to the consumer, and the average price obtained is in the vicinity of 28 cts. per lb. in the bottle. In France the course of prices for honey in Paris is almost stationary, and for light- colored high-class honey the stores never seem to have enough. In Switzerland the honey is generally very good, and as much as 60 cts. per lb. (in jars) is often paid for it. Now we have some sort of data on which to base the future production and sale of honey in Spain, with respect to the chances of exporting our honey to foreign countries, more particularly as we have noted the large importations of honey from South America into Hamburg, Germany, which would indi- cate there is always a remunerative sale for good honey elsewhere. But, on the other hand, here in Spain all kinds of good honey which can be guaran- teed as the pure nectar of the flowers, and which the intelligent buyer knows to have been extracted by centrifugal force, and pro- duced by the movable-frame system, can generally be sold with facility. In addition to this there is this about this system, and it is a very important feature, tnat, provided there is no other bee-keeper in your locality, it is quite possible to secure from an apiary 25.000 lbs. of honey — a superb result. It is important that much study be devoted to apiculture, for our country is lamentably deficient in this respect, and clings to the old-fashioned plan. Our present limited pro- duction is simply due to superior natural ad- vantages only. Our system of production is faulty, and so also is our system of selling to foreign countries, for the superior quality of our honey ought to insure for it a ready sale in foreign markets. In our November number it may have been noticed that, through the medium of the government and the department of agriculture, it had been officially determined that apiculture would receive more attention in future from the Grand Institute of Agriculture, and also in the schools of practical agriculture, so that the true system of apiculture, theoretical and practical, will be taught. Pedro Villdendas Hbrrero. A BELGIAN BEE-KEEPERS SOCIETY AND ITS DOINGS. One of the most active and energetic bee- keepers' society in all Europe is that of Bourg-Leopold, in Belgium. During the sea- son just passed it held a number of meet- ings which, in some cases, were held at the apiaries of members. For the year 1908 the committee of management have decided on a program that, to say the least, is praise- worthy. 1. To change the race-of bees in the coun- try, and to substitute Americans, Italians, and their crosses. 2. As far as practical, to increase the bee pasturage. 3. To maintain hives on scales so the' val- ue of the various localities^for bees may be determined with certainty. 4. Official participation in all bee-exhibi- tions, agricultural fairs, food expositions, etc., with the view of popularizing the honey of the Campine. 5. To maintain a committee whose busi- ness shall be to promote the sale of honey belonging to members. 6. To study the bee flora of the Campine and to propagate plants which yield honey. J 908 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 29 7. To gather a collection of home and for- eign honey. 8. To study every thing bearing on the improvement of the industry. The first item ought to interest the Ger- mans just over the border, for they have severely condemned our American bees. Was it prejudice? LATE FALL FEEDING. Its Advantages; How 200 Colonies were Fed a Sufficient Amount of Warm Syrup to Last them Through the Winter; Why Sugar Syrup Should be Substituted for Honey. BY E. W. ALEXANDER. It is only a few years since the necessity of feeding bees in the fall was looked upon as the result of inexcusable negligrnce in the management. But time and experience are changing many methods, and we are fast learning that bee-keeping to-day is a very different business from that of years ago. Last winter, while visiting one of the most extensive honey-producers of New York, he told me that he and his father had for sever- al years fed every one of the 150U or 2000 colonies they had, just before putting them away for winter. They gave each one about 20 lbs. of sugar syrup without regard to the amount of honey the hives contained. This syrup was made from granulated sugar in the proportion of 2 lbs. of sugar to 1 of wa- ter. This was boiled until well dissolved, when about J lb. of tartaric acid was added to every 100 lbs. of sugar. From their ex- tensive experience in feeding tons of sugar to thousands of colonies they told me it was a much safer and a better winter food than any honey their bees had ever gathered. The principal fault with all honey that I am acquainted with, except basswood, is that it contains some pollen that is carried into the honey-cups of the flowers by the wind or by insects, and then it is taken out with the nectar and becomes mixed with the honey, where it has a very injurious effect on the bees during the winter. This pollen is very noticeable in our large honey-tanks when they are nearly full of extracted hon- ey, as it rises to the top, forming a scum sometimes two inches thick. This, when mixed with the winter stores, is quite likely to cause dysentery before the bees are taken from their winter quarters in the spring. Now, with sugar syrup, since there is no foreign substance it is practically all di- gested, and the bees come from their winter quarters dry and clean, leaving no marks on the snow or their hives after their long con- finement. This one advantage derived from sugar syrup, of itself alone, would far more than pay for the trouble of late fall feeding. But there is another advantage gained by substituting sugar syrup in the place of hon- ey. If it requires about 20 lbs. of honey to winter a colony, this additional surplus would be worth at wholesale about $L50. Now, in its place, if we use 14 lbs. of sugar to make about 21 lbs. of very thick syi'up, costing about 75 cents, or half the amount the honey will bring, there is a saving of over $400 in an apiary of 600 colonies. Besides the bees are given a much safer and better winter food. We have been so well pleased with our experience along this line, and the experi- ence of these noted bee-keepers, that we are now wintering some 200 colonies almost wholly on sugar syi'up. As many readers of Gleanings would like to know how we feed such a large amount of syrup in cool weather I will briefly state how it was done. The first important part is a convenient feeder, one that will hold at one time all the feed necessary for one colony. This we made by taking 50 of our outside telescope caps, having a rim 2 inches deep all around. The inside of these we gave a good coating of hot paraftine wax, which prevents the syrup from penetrating into the wood, and also stops leaking. These caps are i inch larger each way inside than the hive is out- side. We put in a suitable float to prevent the bees from drowning in the warm syrup, and also put two cleats across inside the feeder for the hive to rest on; then about sundown we took these 50 cap feeders and set one properly leveled up near each hive we want- ed to feed. With the syrup as hot as the bees could stand we poured into the feeder the amount we thought the colony required, then, carefully lifting the hive from its bot- tom-board, we set it inside the feeder direct- ly over the warm syrup, and the job was done. The bees at once went down into the feeder and removed all the syrup long before morning; so the next day all we had to do was to set the hives back on their bottom- boards and place the 50 feeders ready to feed 50 more colonies the following night. After we had the syrup ready it required only about half an hour for my son and myself to feed 50 colonies. In four evenings, between sundown and dark, we had the 200 colonies all fed, and not a spoonful of syrup was wasted nor a handful of bees lost. This feeding was done on quite cold frosty nights about Oct. 25. Now, if we were feeding in early fall for the purpose of brood-rearing it would be neces- sary to feed much thinner syrup, and only two or three pounds a day, about the same as we would feed in the spring in order to stim- ulate brood-rearing. DR. BIGELOW GIVING A DEMONSTRATION BEFORE A CLASS OF TEACHEKS FBDM THE SUMMER SCHOOL AT BUTLER UNIVERSITY, INDIANA.— SEE PAGE 34. r^nipfh^H^'^^f *^ "^^ure-study man, in the middle foreground, is the one who, two years ago, brought to the home apiary of the publishers a large company of schoolteachers to study bees and a7ain f .° ^^^^^^"^^^^ ^"^^ ''^'^^^ subscribers will recall half-tones on these pages showing iiow at this time he not only tamed the bees but the schoolma'ms as well. In the picture he has Jf,nni« T^""".^"^*®^ ^'^ f '^'I'ty to brmg together in perfect harmony the honey-makers and the honey-eaters. He has done much to introduce bee culture as a department of nature-study in our public schools, and m a general way to popularize honey.— Ed. their 33 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Jan. 1 Every year's experience convinces me more and more of the importance of feeding our bees at certain times of the year. We as honey-producers have sadly neglected this important part of our business. There are many of us who neglect to do certain things both useful and necessary for the welfare of ourselves and bees, simply be- cause we have no convenient and quick way to do the work. In feeding these 200 colo- nies I have just mentioned, if we had been obliged to feed them in our small spring feed- ers holding only about 2 lbs. each, we should have had an elephant on our hands; and the feeding, if done at all, would have required two weeks or more, as the bees would hard- ly have entered a small feeder so late in the season. The principal advantage in late fall feed- ing is to have the bees store the syrup in and around the cluster where they have removed the honey during the last of their breeding in the fall; then this is first consumed by the bees during the winter; and by the time they commence to use their honey they are out of the cellar, and can frequently fly; so if their honey contains pollen, or is otherwise of poor quality, it can do them no harm. I think the time is near at hand when the successful honey-producer will substitute su- gar syrup for honey as a winter food wher- ever bees require a cellar for winter protec- tion. In order to compete successfully with many that are now well established in the production of honey, it is necessary for us to be ever ready to take advantage of any thing that will add to our income, even though it may require the investing of some money at first. We must certainly sow before we can ex- pect to reap. This applies as truly to bee- keeping as to any other line of business. Delanson, N. Y., Dec. 6. [It is the usual rule nowadays to feed su- gar syrup early in the fall before cold weather sets in, making the proportions half sugar and half water, either by weight or by measure. While this does not make a syrup by any means as thin as nectar, yet a thin syrup the bees will invert better than a thick one; that is to say, they partially digest it, making it more suitable for a food. Such a syrup, when evaporated in the hive, will never granulate or revert back to sugar; nor is it eier necessary to use any acid to prevent such granulation. But in feeding late in the fall, after cool or cold weather has set in. it is necessary to feed as our correspondent advises, with a syrup two parts of sugar and one part of water, and perhaps it may be advisable to use an acid. .„. r. There is an advantage in feeding late, and all at one feed, thick syrup. The bees store it quickly, and in the mean time there is no tendency to induce brood-rearing, because there is not time for it, and because it is too cold. The thick syrup does not require evaporation like the thinner one, and conse- quently does not cause the bees to set in mo- tion their little chemical laboratories to in- vert the syrup. Possibly there is an advan- tage in this. At all events, we have a num- ber of times in late fall, when it was too cold for the bees to fly, fed a thick syrup, and in each case the bees came out in fine condition in the spring. Whether this was due to oth- er favorable conditions, or whether it is an actual advantage to have an uninverted syr- up, we can not say. This is an interesting field for experiment and discussion, and we should be glad to hear from others of our subscribers who may have any thing to offer on this subject. — Ed.] FRANK RAUCHFUSS' HOME IN COLO- RADO. BY FRED "W. MUTH. Mr. Frank Rauchfuss lives in a pretty lit- tle home in the suburb of Aurora, on the out- skirts of Denver. Standing before his house, in the middle of the road, one can see, at night. Pike's Peak, 95 miles distant, and from the front porch can be seen the beautiful, picturesque, snow-capped mountains some sixty miles away. Mr. Rauchfuss needs no introduction to the bee-keeping world, as he is one of the best bee-men who ever lived, and is the manager of the Colorado Honey-producers' Association. He conducts a bee-supply and honey store at 1440 Market Street, Denver, where he disposes of many carloads of bee- FRANK RAUCHFUSS AND FAMILY OF AURORA, COLORADO. supplies during the honey season, and sells the product of the members of his associa- tion. Mr. Rauchfuss and his good wife speak German at their home, which pleased me more than I can tell, for it reminded me of days of yore in my dear old home. It would certainly make any farmer's wife envious to see Mrs. Rauchfuss' garden next to their house. Never before have I seen a 1908 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 33 home garden under such high culture, indeed, a real picture. Cincinnati, Ohio. It is, -•^^••♦♦•-•-« DEMONSTRATION CAGES. A Simple Handy Collapsible Wire-cloth Ca^e for Public Demonstration of Bee- handling- or for Work in a Bee-yard. BY E. R. ROOT. Perhaps some of our I'eaders know that I have been giving talks on bees with practical demonstrations in the handling of them, be- fore church and Y. M. C. A. organizations, at various points in this State, and it has oc- curred to me that there might be some who will be called upon to do the same thing, and would, there- fore, like to know how I do it. In order to handle bees be- fore a public audience, espe- cially at night, where the lights might draw flying bees, it is necessary to have a portable cage of suitable dimensions, and yet one which can quickly be put in a knock-down condition, to be shipped in a trunk or wooden case. The subjoined illustration shows the cage which I have used in various public demon- strations. It consists of four wire-cloth panels, one of them containing a door, and a top covered with muslin. Each pan- el is made of a wooden frame stiffened by three corner-pieces secured at the intersections, and covered with wire cloth. Four of these panels are placed up against each other, and secure- ly fastened by means of Van Deusen hive-clamps, as shown. Contrary to what one might expect, these Van Deusen fast- eners make a very solid and strong cage, and yet one can, in the space of two minutes, put the whole thing in the knock- down by loosening the clamps and slipping the panels into a large flat oblong box. After having tried this cage, and carried it over the country to various points, it occurred to me that something of this kind would be very serviceable in an ordinary bee- yard, especially where queens are reared. While one can make up a solid non-collap- sible cage, yet in the winter time its dimen- sions will not admit of its going into any door. For that reason it is desirable to have a structure that can be put in the knockdown and stored away during winter or during that time of year when it is not needed; for it is only during the robbing season that it would be actually required. For the purpose of grafting cells, or performing any extend- ed manipulation over a colony, it is almost indispensable, for one can work securely free from robbers, with any degree of comfort. If one were to do a large amount of trans- ferring, he would find a cage of this kind very convenient. There are many bee-keepers who make a business of transferring in a giv- en locality. With an outfit of this sort one can collapse it, put it into a wagon, and, on arriving at destination, set it up, and trans- fer hour after hour, without any danger from robbers. We have been using the non-take-down cages in our yard, but, unfortunately, unless secured they will be blown all about the yard. On one or two occasions a gust of wind has caught them, smashing them completely. We have been compelled to fasten them to A NEW COLLAPSIBLE CAGE FOR MAKING PUBLIC DEM- ONSTRATIONS OF BEE-HANDLING. trees or some stable object; but in that case they are exposed to the weather, and in one season are of but little value, as they begin to pull apart. This collapsible cage, with its Van Deusen clamps, permits one to put it out of the weather and into a building just as soon as its use is not required. The cage here shown is 30x38 inches, and 6 ft. tall. Any good mechanic can make it out of pine strips | inch square, and a few yards of screen wire cloth and 16 Van Deu- sen hive-clamps. It will pay for itself in one season in almost any yard. 34 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Jan. 1 BEE DEMONSTRATIONS OF REACHING VALUE. PAR- Dr. Bigelow in Indianapolis. See p. SO BY WALTER S. POUDEK. There never was a time when the people were so disposed to rate the bee industry at its true value as now. The honey-bee as a subject for a nature-study is, perhaps, one of the most interesting things in all the world, and no one can study its wonderful nature without becoming greatly interested. This being true, the bee-keeper finds his Imsiness the easiest to advertise of almost any line, because of the eagerness of the public to learn. The present year will long be remembex'ed as one of the poorest honey seasons; but it will also be remembered as the beginning of the era of pure foods and the end of the old story about manufactured comb honey. All in all I have never seen the bee fraternity more encouraged as to the future than to- day, because of the better markets, better understanding of the industry, and the in- ci'eased demand for the output of the apiary. Why, it has not been many years since there was very little demand for extracted honey because it was not at all undei'stood. To- day the demand for it exceeds that for comb honey, and the demand for granulated ex- tracted honey is increasing each day. The public is anxious to learn, and those who are so located that they can give dem- onstrations with a few colonies of bees oc- casionally will be surprised at the great in- terest taken. A queen-bee in a mailing-cage on my desk, waiting for the postman, often attracts atten- tion and starts some one to in- vestigating. A helper placing foundation starters in sections has attracted so much attention that at times it has seemed al- most annoying. Perhaps the most interesting demonstration ever given in In- dianapolis or in this State was given here recently by Prof. Ed- ward F. Bigelow, of Stamford, Conn. Professor Bigelow was on a lectui'e-tour, and brought a class of 45 teachers who were taking the summer course at Butler University. His ability in this line of work can not be excelled, and I doubt if it can be equaled; and surely a class never enjoyed a more interesting discourse. He began by mounting a pedestal and lirst explaining the old straw skep, then the mod- ern hive, comb foundation, comb-building, extracting, rendering wax, etc., and explain- ing each detail in such a manner that even a child could have understood. Then all went to the lawn where the bees are kept, and here he showed his skill by manipulating the hives and combs of brood, handing each a comb of brood and adhering bees which were accepted with some timidity at first; but he soon had their confidence, and veils were all laid aside. The duties of the queen, bi'ood in all stages, comb- building, etc., were never better explained, and a happier lot of people never left this honey-store. It would be interesting to know just how many times this meeting has been talked over by those who were fortunate enough to be one of the party. One of the very prettiest little hives for convenient demonstrations is the little Pearl Agnes hive, invented by Professor Bigelow. I have such a hive in my dooryard at home, and I tind it to be quite an attraction for my near neighbors. Observatory hives made to contain a single Pearl Agnes frame are the neatest device in all the world for loaning to terchei's at public schools, and I am planning to place several as soon as schools begin. The honey-bee is always admired if properly introduced. Indianapolis, Aug. 22. SOME PECULIARITIES BUILDING. IN COMB BY DR. C. C. MILLER. Bees generally attach their combs at the top, and build downward. But it is not a very difficult thing to get them to build in the opposite direction. I have known them to do so many times. Take a good colony at the beginning of the honey-flow, and place over its hive an empty hive- body, and it will pret- ty surely build from the top-bars upward. A peculiarity of combs thus built is that they COMB DUILT WITH NO SUPPORT EXCEPT THE WIRES. are less inclined to be straight than other combs. If one were to allow reasoning to the little creatures, it would be as if they should say, " When we build from the top down, we can build straight flat sheets, mere- ly corrugating them a little; but if we should make a flat sheet when building upward it would tumble over of its own weight;" so these upward-built combs, instead of follow- ing the direction of the top-bars, or being built across them, twist in all directions, some of them forming almost a circle with a 1908 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 35 diameter of 4 inches or more. Pictures of such buildings have already appeared in Gleanings, but I think nothing like the present illustration has been shown. Indeed, it is the only case of the kind I ever saw; for you will see at the central part, under the top-bar, that the bees seem to be building in mid-air. In reality that isolated piece of comb is supported by wires, which do not show in the picture because too fine. A very old comb in very bad condition had been given in an upper story, and inciden- tally the lesson is taught that, although bees will clean up a very bad job, there is a limit; and if the comb is too bad they will proceed to tear it down. In the present case you will see that nearly half the comb was gnawed down. But at the part under discussion there was left a piece of the septum about as large as a silver quarter-dollar, and upon this they built. This bit of old septum is in the lower part, so most of the building was done upward. You will notice on the under side of the top-bar, directly over the floating comb, that the bees have begun a deposit of white wax, and the sharp point at the upper end of the floating piece shows that the bees would soon have united the two together. Notice at the right of our floating comb that the bees are building upward upon the old comb. Marengo, 111. [This is an odd specimen of comb-build- ing, and, taken in connection with Dr. Mil- ler's comments, makes a very interesting study. We should be glad to get photos of these interesting or grotesque comb curios and pay for them. While some of them are of only scientific interest others may lead to some practical results. — Ed.] THE PLURAL-QUEEN SYSTEM. Why it is More Practicable with a Divis- ible Brood-chamber than with an Or- dinary Full-depth Hive. BY J. E. HAND. I notice that Mr. Titoff, in an article on p. 1328, asks for information about the two- queen system, and then says that he doubts whether the plan as a whole will ever prove to be a success. I will only endeavor to add what little information I have gained from a limited experience in the use of a plurality of queens in the same hive, although in separate brood-apartments. In the first place I would respectfully refer my doubting friend to an article on page 1330, from his own State, by Howard Davenes. I believe that the only advantages claimed for this system are in building up weak colonies for an early honey-flow and in the prevention of swarming when working for comb honey. It should be remembered that this system like the Stachelhausen plan of shook swarm- ing loses its force when used in connection with the full-depth-frame hive. This fact should be evident to even a casual observer. I wish to go on record as saying that there is but one system of contraction that is at all practical when we take into consideration the amount of labor involved and the results to be gained by such contraction, and that is horizontal contraction by means of shal- low sectional hives. All other methods are but makeshifts that, by the amount of labor involved, are both expensive and inadequate. This same statement will also apply to the two-queen system, as any one can see who will use a little sober judgment that it would be the height of folly to add to a colony of bees in early spring another full-depth hive with a queen, and only a small cluster of bees, and viewing the matter from the stand- point of the full-depth-frame hive. I can agree with pretty nearly all that Mr. Titoff has to say regarding the matter. However, with the sectional hive it is far different, and a shallow brood-chamber con- taining a queen and a small cluster of bees, and some brood, if simply placed upon a strong colony of bees as soon in spring as ' the weather will permit, will soon build up to a rousing colony of bees. Another section of brood-chamber may be added if desired, after the first has become well stocked with brood and bees. Of course, a queen-exclud- er is used to keep the queens apart. These colonies, after becoming strong enough, may be separated, or kept together up to or even through the honey-flow according to the time of said flow. For instance, if the honey-flow comes late in the season it may be desirable to separate the two-queen colonies as soon as they be- come strong enough, and I believe this is the method adopted by Mr. Alexander, who se- cures a great part of his surplus from buck- wheat. In a location where the main honey- flow comes from clover and basswood it is far more desirable to keep the bees together up to the beginning of the honey-flow. Fur- ther than this, there should be no iron-clad rules governing the case, as the further dis- position of the colony is a matter to be de- cided by the operator according to the prob- able duration of the honey-flow and the con- sequent liability of the bees to swarm. If no swarming is desired, and the prospect is good for a fair flow of nectar, I know of no better method for the average bee-keeper, under ordinary circumstances, than the fol- lowing, which is the Stachelhausen plan of shook swarming, only in our case there is no handling of combs except by hives. A MODIFIED PLAN OF SHOOK SWARMING ADAPTABLE FOR BEGINNERS WITH THE DIVISIBLE HIVE. First we will begin at the top of the two- queen hive by blowing a little smoke down between the brood-combs, and fanning it down with a Coggshall bee-brush. We drive most of the bees down and out when we re- move this section of brood-chamber, giving it a quick jerk to dislodge the bees, and place it on a bottom-board. We proceed in like manner with the next, which is placed upon the other. The queen in the upper 36 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Jan. 1 part will be either on the honey-board or in (me of the sections of brood-chamber treated, and should go with this hive, which is now placed upon a new stand. We now have the bees of the two hives in one hive with the other queen; and if left in this condition when working for comb honey they will soon cast a swarm, so we will pro- ceed with this hive exactly as with the other, except that in this case all the bees as well as the queen are driven into an empty hive consisting of two sections of brood-chambers with frames filled full of foundation. This hive, having been previously placed below and on the bottom-board previously occupied liy the colony treated, it will remain there. The hives containing combs of brood and hon- ey, but no bees, may be tiered up seven or eight high to be drawn on when desired. In 48 hours after treating, a queen-exclud- ing honey-board is placed upon the hive con- taining the driven swarm, and upon this a super of sections filled with foundation: after which the bottom section of brood-chamber is removed, and the bees shaken out in front of the hive. Our object in hiving the bees in the first place in two sections of brood-chamber was to prevent them from swarming out the next day, as they are almost certain to do if hived directly into a contracted hive; and our ob- ject in removing the bottom section of brood- chamber after tne bees have settled down to work, and given up the idea of swarming, is to contract the brood-chamber so as to force the bees to begin work in the sections at once; and as soon as the work has well be- gun in the sections, more room may be given by adding another section of brood-chamber containing either combs of honey or combs of brood from the piles that were tiered up, or frames of foundation, at the discretion of the operator; and, according to the probable duration of the honey-flow, such should in every case be placed at the bottom, and di- rectly upon the bottom-board, and in no case should more than two sections of brood- chamber be given with one queen during the honey-flow. If the honey- flow be of long duration it may become necessary, in order to prevent swarming, to remove one of the sections of the brood-chamber, giving in its stead one containing frames tilled with foundation. In this case the empty brood-section should always be placed at the top of the brood- chamber. The queen-excluding honey- board should be removed as soon as the brood-nest is well established and work has well begun in the sections. We have found that, with a honey-flow lasting four weeks, these extra strong colo- nies will often make preparations to swarm again unless room is given in the brood- chamber by exchanging frames of brood and honey for empty frames, as stated above. This is on account of the top section of the brood-chamber becoming somewhat clogged with honey. Colonies treated as above will, during a good honey-flow, roll up an amount of comb honey that will astonish some of the oldtimers who can see no advantages either in contraction or in the two-queen system. "Where ignorance is bliss, 'tis folly to be wise.'' I would especially recommend the system, as outlined in this article, for beginners, and especially in locations having a fair to good honey-flow, in preference to the one outlined in my season's work with the sectional hive, whicn, being somewhat complicated, is bet- ter suited for the expert honey-producer, and in locations where it is not possible to secure a crop of comb honey by the usual methods. The descriptions of these hive manipula- tions are, of necessity, somewhat tedious in order to make every thing plain, although the manipulatione themselves are very rapid. This article is already long, and yet the subject is not finished. With the editor's permission I will finish it in the next issue. THE PLURAL-QUEEN SYSTEM. A Protest Ag^ainst the Plan; Time and Money Should be Spent in Breeding Bet- ter Queens Rather tlian in Striving to Make a Lot of Poor Queens Live Together. BY WM. M. WHITNEY. M?-. Editor: — The discovery of plurality of queens in the sarne hive seems to be attract- ing attention, and causing no small degree of surprise, even among old and experienced bee-keepers. It seems somewhat strange that this should be so, as it is a well-known fact that other than mother and daughter have been found in the same hive living peaceably together. If I'm not mistaken, I have read somewhere of an exhibition at some fair in Europe of a hive of bees with four queens living in harmony together. Also, in the third edition of Langstroth by Dadant, on page 222, there is a very inter- esting account of five colonies occupying one hive, and the same account is repeated in the last revision. It may be said that these colonies occupied different portions of the hive, and acted entirely independently of each other; but the fact remains that they must have had the same scent, and the bees must have mingled, or were likely to have mingled more or less together during the time of their occupancy of the hive, and must have had an opportunity to destroy either of these queens. In 1898 I thought to experiment alon^ this line, and for the purpose made what is known as a jumbo hive, two stories and double- walled, to contain 16 frames in the brood- chamber, with perforated zinc division-board in the center. With this arrangement I thought to secure, if two queens could be made to live in peace, a large amount of surplus comb honey. After two failures I succeeded in securing queens that the bees tolerated, but not a section of honey did I get from that hive, notwithstanding the sea- 1!>()8 GLKANlNCiS IN BEE CULTURE. 37 son was a fairly good one, and other colonies prndueed a fair crop of section honey. 1q the following spring I found one of my queens missing. It occurred to me that there were virtually two hives in one, with all the danger of losing a ffood queen at any time, as well as that of disturbing both colonies in handling one, and the other dis- advantages that presented themselves to me caused me to abandon the experiment, with the thought that the game was not worth the powder. The idea that it is a good thing to have two or more queens in one hive in early spring for the purpose of building up strong colonies does not appeal to me. If, with my management, it required two or more queens to give me good working force for honey- gatnering at the proper time, those queens, young or old, would be condemned and ex- ecuted. I'd give very much more for one good queen than for half a dozen poor ones at any time of year. I should hesitate to buy queens from any breeder who thought it necessary thus to build up strong colonies in the spring, for fear that I'd get the most common sort of layers in time if the practice were continued. Adopt the practice of us- ing only large and well-developed queens; let the management be such that the colony shall be kept warm in early spring, and have the right kind of nourishing food, and plenty of it, then one queen will soon fill the brood- chamber to overflowing with ambitious workers when there is any thing to be done. Such will be found to be a colony in normal condition, and nothing better could be rea- sonably hoped for. If I may be permitted, I'd like to illustrate what I mean by giving an example from my own yard. My apiary is pretty well known as having strong colonies in the spring. For example, let us examine No. 25, which is a fair sample of hives in the apiary, so far as numbers are concerned— a two-story double- walled hive with 9 Hoffman frames in the brood-chamber and 10 in the second story On June 5 this colony swarmed. I captured the queen and put the cage con- taining her in my pocket and awaited the return of the bees. In the mean time I pre- pared three hives for use in dividing the col- ony. When the swarm had returned, and become quiet, I removed the cover and found not only the hive proper but the two-inch air-space outside of the super literally filled with bees. Selecting a frame of brood con- taining one or more nearly ripe queen-cells for each of the three hives, I proceeded to remove the ten frames of brood and bees from the super to the center of these hives, making as nearly an equal division as pos- sible; then I shook bees from some of the frames of the brood-chamber into each hive; filled them at the sides with empty combs, when they looked, for all the world, like fairly strong colonies. Then I filled the super of the parent colony with ten more frames of comb, and released the queen. These newly made colonies at the time of swarm- ing may be placed immediately anywhere in the yard without danger of bees returning to the parent hive, which is not the case at any other time; but, to return to the parent colony. On the 5th of July, the record shows, I ex- amined it and found the super fairly well filled, and considerable of the comb capped. I put a section-case on top of the super, but this was done too late; for on the 13th anoth- er swarm emerged. I took off the super, cut out the queen-cells, and added two more sec- tion-cases, hoping to secure comb honey; but the season immediately changed, so that only about one case was secured. I extracted about 50 lbs. from this hive — 40 from one of the new colonies; 30 from another, and took two-thirds of a case of comb honey from the other; besides, each put in stores enough for the winter. Now, the point is this: What would any one want of two or more such queens in one hive? I do not know what I'd do with half a dozen of Root's $35.00 queens in one hive. Can you tell? But such queens are just such as I want, and I'll have no other if they can be obtained. I forgot to say that, at the last cutting of queen cells, three hatched at the operation, which I used for requeening. They are from the stock of that old queen I have thought so much of, and have tried to perpetuate in my apiary. Lake Geneva, Wis. [The Root $25.00 queens are very scarce with us; that is to say, we seldom find one good enough to bring that price. If we could get plenty of such queens there would be no need of discussing this plural-queen system, as there would be nothing in it. To go a lit- tle further, could we stock a whole apiary with even three or five dollar queens? It can be done at considerable labor and ex- pense in weeding out stock below this grade; but how could we know the first season, and before the honey-flow, that any queen would be a good one? As that does not seem prac- ticable, is it not advisable to run two queens to the hive, and then, if one of them should prove to be of little value, the other, accord- ing to the law of chance, would make up for the deficiency of the other? By having two or more queens to the hive we reduce the chance of failure of a whole hive, and at the same time make more sure of getting some- thing for the labor expended. Then, moreover, if at any time we run short of queens we can draw from a colony that has one to spare. At all events, after the honey-flow the chances are that the col- ony will cut down its queen force to one. If we run the yard on the two-queen plan, by all means strive to make the two just as good as if we were rearing only one to the hive. This would give us two queens, one of which ought to be a good one, even if the other were not. It is not wise just yet to predict the ulti- mate success and general adoption of the two-queen system. Candidly, we don't know what the future is to be. — Ed.] 38 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Jan. 1 SOME SWISS COMMENTS UPON AMER- ICAN STATEMENTS. A Translation of a Letter from Dr. K. Bruennicli. BY DR. C. C. MILLER. I have received from Dr. K. Bruennich, the Swiss authority, an interesting letter in which are some comments upon things Swiss and American that I am sure will be of general interest. I'm too poor a German scholar to give a literal translation, but will take the liberty of giving a very free translation, beg- fing the good doctor's pardon if in any way misinterpret him. "Americans are apt to depreciate our hives (which are mostly handled from behind instead of above), but unjustly. They forget that the high price of land here forbids spreading out hives of the American pattern, and so we are driven to the use of the pavil- lion, which allows colonies to be tiered up. This plan is not without advantages. In the pavillion there is the mutual conservation of heat, and practical operations may be car- ried on under cover, without any fear of rob- bers— two very important advantages." Yes, I've no doubt, doctor, that some of our leaders would view things quite differ- ently if they should for a time take up their abode in Switzerland; and possibly a sojourn in this country would also change some Swiss views. There's a good deal in the way one is brought up; a good deal in fashion. For example, in this country we have an outland- ishly absurd way of spelling; but when Pres- ident Roosevelt, who has pretty much his own way in every thing, attempted to spell a few words in a decenter manner, it raised such a hubbub that for once he had to back down and give up to the fashion. "Referring to Gleanings, p 823, I must say that, with all due respect to you, I am not yet convinced that a pure strain of blacks, as we cultivate them here, would not be the best for you, even under your conditions." I wonder upon just exactly what you base that belief, doctor. Perhaps upon the fact that the great majority of Swiss bee-keepers have found that the native blacks in their purity give better results than any other race or mixture of races. But facts all run the other way here. In hundreds and hun- dreds of cases Italians side by side with the blacks have shown their superiority over the blacks so plainly that there can be no ques- tion left; and when I can get 10, 20, or 50 per cent more honey from Italians, or from a cross containing Italian blood, do you blame me for not wanting pure blacks? I think you Swiss put considerable stress on the matter of native stock as being better adapted to the country. Please remember that blacks are no more native than Italians in this country, all bees being imported. Perhaps, too, we Americans are too new a nation to have very much reverence for things old and established. At any rate, the word "imported" has quite a charm for us. I sometimes pay double price for a pound of Swiss cheese, and I suspect that just a little of its superior flavor is due to that magic word "imported." Perhaps it would not be a bad thing to "import" from Switzerland some of the best black stock and see if it might not be arf improvement Almost cer- tainly it would be an improvement over the black stock we have had, if not over the Italian. Dr. Bruennich wonders that so excellent a journal as Gleanings should publish what he does not hesitate to call "blooming non- sense" on p. 831, under the heading "An Im- proved Strain of Bees." There is a " blend " of three different kinds: "Cyprians for their get-up and get; Carniolans for gentleness and white cappings of comb honey, and Italians for compact brood-nest, non-swarming dis- position, and color." Well, doctor, an ignorant German Swiss like you can not understand such things. It takes those Texans. They say some magic words, and from each variety comes its spe- cially good virtue and none of its faults. Now if you should try the thing over in Switzerland, without the magic words, it might turn out something like this: "Cyp- rians for their vile temper, Carniolans for swarming, and Italians for any bad trait they happen to have." Seriously, in this country we pay too little attention to theory, and among those of us who have been working the hardest to get crops of honey there is very little known about breeding bees in any thing like a scien- tific way. "Page 895 needs a correction, where it is said that Switzerland is the homeland of the leather-colored Italians. These bees never appear across the Alps from Tessin, and so are quite isolated in that canton from Swit- zerland in general, where we cultivate black bees and will have nothing to do with the yellow bees, which have absolutely not stood the test with us, and are far outstripped by the blacks." "Among the names of prominent scientific men connected with the bee industry in Switzerland, as given on page 895, Kramer should have taken first rank, who by his co- lossal labors has accomplished more than all others. He it is who established our apisti- cal stations, sifted and collocated their re- sults; he it is who established our ' beleg sta- tions,' drone-proof places where virgins are sent for fertilization; and he yearly assem- bles more than a hundred queen-breeders for a conference regarding matters connected with queen-rearing and improvement of stock. A great mass of valuable discussions and investigations come from his pen. Prof. Burri is no bee-keeper— only a bacteriologist, but a fine one. "Page 1018 also has its errors. The mov- able frame was invented by Berlepsch (in some unaccountable manner no biography of Berlepsch occurs in the ABC), next to Hu- ber the most important investigator in the realms of bee culture." Whatever Berlepsch may or may not have 1908 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 39 done — and I fully accord to him great credit — unless I am entirely misinformed, Lang- stroth invented the movable frame without any knowledge of what was done by Ber- lepsch, and I think that, in point of time, the invention of Langstroth was prior to that of Berlepsch. And from whatever source bee- keepers across the water may have first got the movable frame, it is a fact that I think you ought to be willing to recognize, that American bee-keepers got the movable Jrame in its present usable forrti, not indirectly but directly from, Langstroth. From personal acquaintance with Langstroth, I am con- vinced that, if he had had the slightest hint of any thing done by Berlepsch looking to- ward the invention of the movable frame, he would have been the first man in the world to acknowledge it. "On page 1018 the first grafting method of rearing queens is given at about 1874. More than 100 years ago Huber transferred larvje from one cell to another. The works of Hu- ber should be read by every bee-keeper, con- taining as they do a fullness of interesting experiments almost totally forgotten, which deserve again to be brought to light. "The last remark of W. K. M., page 1018, again shows plainly the attitude of certain Americans, from whom you are excepted." Certainly we ought to be a little slow about calling a people slow from whom we have received so much that is valuable, and least of all the Germans in Switzerland, who are in the front line in more than one regard. When it comes to the matter of scientific queen-rearing, Switzerland leads the world, and in their presence we are as babes before giants. But we have a young man in Wash- ington, Dr. E. F. Phillips, of whom we are very proud, and we are looking to him to give us a start on the road to overtake the Swiss, so that queen-rearing may rest upon a more scientific basis. The time has come when I am glad to say that the peoples on the two sides of the big pond are beginning to stop making faces at each other, and trying to get all the mutual help they can; and it is to be hoped, Dr. Bruennich, that you will keep whacking away whenever you see any of our faults to whack at, and at least some of us will take it in good part, with the cordial feeling "We be brethren." Ja, wir sind Brueder. Marengo, 111. [I shall attempt to answer in as few words as possible. Southern Switzerland, particu- larly the region of Bellinzona, is certainly the place from which many leather-colored Ital- ians came. The old files of the American Bee Journal (see advertising pages) bear abundant proof of this. For example see last page of the May issue, 1872, A. B. J.; also page 231 for 1873 of the same journal, an article by the late Charles Dadant. Moreover, I quoted figures quite recently to show the Swiss are by no means unanimous in favoring the native black bee. By their own figures (see Gleanings, page 1135, Sept. 1), they regard hybrids very highly, and a number prefer Italians (Swiss Italians). As to the assertion that Berlepsch invented the movable frame, there is no ground for it. He brought out his hanging frame in 1855, four years after Langstroth. Huber invent- ed movable-comb frames in 1789, before Ber- lepsch was born. At the present time the Ger- mans are rapidly adopting the Langstroth sys- tem. They are now imitating our hives to the smallest detail, long after the British, French, Belgian, Italian, Spanish, Australian, Russian, and American bee-keepers. It is true, Huber did transpose bee larvas, but he was no German; on the contrary, they wei'e about the last to accept his teachings. If we owe anything to Berlepsch we should like to know what it is. The ABC does not con- tain his biography, it is true; but it also does not contain any thing about Swammerdam or Reaumur — two giants whose names will live long after Berlepsch is forgotten. When the Germans come to this country, in a few years they soon adopt American ways; and I doubt not they greatly excel the Germans left in the fatherland. Look at Wagner, Grimm, Stach- elhausen, Hoffman, and Greiner. They joined on German "theory" and American inven tiveness. I admit too many of our "scientists" have turned out to be "nature fakirs." Europe is not altogether free from the same trouble. Science is popular now, and all sorts of peo- ple masquerade as "scientists." America has no monopoly of this either. This is the reason why our bee-keepers are so skeptical about "theory." They do not know when they meet a real savant. We are not alone. France is not one whit behind Germany in scientific research, and yet it does not accept German ideas any more than we do. Nei- ther does England. Burri is undoubtedly a great investigator in his chosen field, and the University of Zu- rich is second to none. More than a year ago I sent to President Kramer for his photo for a write-up, but thus far we have not had the opportunity to place him before a Glean- ings audience. I agree with you we owe all our progress to scientific men, and we Americans worship money-making "practi- cal " men far too much. We are not alone in that either.— W. K. M.] TRANSPARENT PAPER WRAPPERS FOR SECTIONS OF COMB HONEY. Transparent Pai)er Bags Sug^cested ; These to be Made Just the Size of the Section ; the Opinion of a Prominent Commission Man on the Subject. BY R. A. BURNETT. Mr. Root:— We have just read Mr. Sack- ett's article in your issue of Dec. 1, also your comments thereon. We are inclined to agree with both your conclusions and his. The wood strips in the bottom of cases, when fastened in and made to fit exactly with the sections, help very much where there is only a little leakage from unsealed cells; but where 40 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTUKE. Jan. 1 one or more combs are jarred from the wood they are of very little service. This idea would be practically the carton, with the ad- vantage of being transparent (which is a most desirable thing). The extra cost of preparing the case, such as the no-drip case, would, in our opinion, offset the cost of pa- pering the sections after the fashion describ- ed, as they would then be put in a perfectly plain case; and if even half of the sections should be broken from the frames the re- mainder would be uninjured where the paper itself was not broken. It occurs to us that the paper could be made as a bag is made, and the sections slipped into them and then secured with mucilage or some form of paste. To-day we were going through some hon- ey that came in carriers, containing eight cases. Some of the comb had broken out of the frames, and had leaked sufficiently to fill more than the space between the strips, thus necessitating new papers in the bottom where the strips could be removed. In this instance the nails used were cleated, and this made it difficult and in some instances impossible to put the case again in good or- der. It would seem as though before anoth- er season different experiments could be made with this idea, and a heavier weight of paper secured than has been tried. At any rate, it is one of the devices that appeal very strongly to us, and we hope by your Janu- ary or February issues sufficient progress will have been made with the idea already demonstrated as practical, that will insure its coming into use next season with those who have to order supplies. Chicago, 111. WHITE ITALIAN CLOVER TRIED TWO YEARS AGO, AND ALMOST A FAILURE BOTH FOR HAY AND HONEY. Two years ago I bought some seed of white- blooming and some of the old standard kind of crimson clover from the firm mentioned on page 1385, and sowed them side by side at the same time, and on land prepared the same way. The regular crimson clover made a good crop. The white- blooming was so late in starting in the spring that the weeds got ahead of it, and it was almost a failure. I did not feel that I had any ground of complaint against the introducers, as at that time about all the difference they claimed for it was that it was later and had white blossoms. Since reading the article by W. K. Morrison I have looked up their latest catalog and am quite surpris- ed at the claims they are making for it. As to its honey-producing qualities, I can not remember that I took any notice of it. I have never known bees to fail to work the regular kind very freely as much as or more than any plant I know. Barboursville, Va. A. R. Lockhart. THE BEST TIME TO REQUEEN; J. E. HAND RE- CONSIDERS. Upon further experimenting with a view to determine when is the best time to requeen an apiary i am led to change my views as expressed in my article on page 1586, Dec. 15; and with my pi'esent light upon the sub- ject I now consider the latter part of the sea- son, and after the close of the honey-flow from basswood, which, in my location, is about July 20, to be the best time to requeen an apiary. One reason for this is we have found that queens reared at this time will keep up brood-rearing late in the season, and will have stronger colonies the next spring; and the other reason is, that the time of our cell-building colonies is not worth any thing at this time, and therefore it costs less to rear queens, since we are out only a very little labor. J. E. Hand. Birmingham, Ohio. ACID FOR DISINFECTING FODL-BROODY COMBS. One of your readers at this place writes to ask if it is not practical to dip foul-broody combs, where it is dried to a scale, or nearly so, into a bath of diluted acid or other liquid disinfectant. He adds that, if he is correct- ly informed, a weak kerosene emulsion will effectually kill the San Jose scale, and that gasoline is sure death to germs of almost any kind; and as wax is in no way injured by acid he does not know why some agent of this kind could not be employed to aid in the battle with foul brood. Will some ac- commodating expert grasp a foul-brood germ by ihe hind legs and jam his head into a bot- tle of muriatic acid, then examine him in his microscope, and give us the result? Jamul, Cal. Ben Biddle. [We hardly think the acid bath for dis- eased combs would be effective. Better by far melt them up. — Ed.] THE RAT PROBLEM. A year ago we moved on to this place, and it was the worst-infested place one can imagine, and has been for the last 24 years that we have been acquainted with it. We were fully determined to get rid of the rats. We got four different kinds of traps, and then tried every thing we could hear of; and when you said "rat biscuit" my husband laid in a supply at once; but they were like all the rest— just seemed to act like a tonic, and still the rats came. At last one of our hired boys told me he had seen a sure cure for rats, in a paper. I told him to tell me quick, as we were at the point of collapse. He said, pour syrup, or any thing the rats are fond of, on to a board and sprinkle with 1908 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 41 dry concentrated lye. As I had found the rats preferred nice firm ripe tomatoes to any thing else 1 had on hand, 1 sliced up several about ^ inch thick, and placed in different parts of the house. In the morning they had eaten all I put out. The second night they ate half as much. The third night only a few pieces were gone. The fourth night they did not touch the tomatoes nor any thing else, and we have not seen or heard of a rat or mouse in the house since, about six weeks ago. A couple of weeks afterward Mr. Shank said there were as many as ever in his barn and granary, and he thought I had only driven them out to the corn; so I fixed the tomatoes the same as before, with the same effect. The third night was the last. We think it is truly wonderful to be without the horrible things, so we just concluded to let you tell others. Just sprinkle the dry concentrated lye (I use the Banner, as it is so handy) on the top of the tomatoes. Other articles may do as well. Mrs. L. B. Shank. Jenny Lind, Cal. BENT NAILS FOR FRAME-SPACERS. What do you think of this idea for spac- ing-nails? L. E. SCHEKER. Jersey Shore, Pa., May 29. [The arrangement here shown, if properly applied, is excellent; but in the first place it is difficult to bend the nails, and, in the sec- ond place, it would be more difficult still to bend them all with exactly the same curve, for it would be important to have the bee- spaces alike. In the third place, one would have to bore a hole in order to drive them into the frame, for the reason that the ham- mer-head would strike one side of the line of penetration of the wood, bending the nail over. Taking it all in all, the ordinarv sta- ple is much easier to insert, and far cheap- er.— Ed.] ^ MEETING OF THE MA.SSACHUSETTS SOCIETY OF BEE-KEEPERS. The Massachusetts Society of Bee-keepers held its second meeting in the Ford Building, Ashburton Place, Saturday evening, Decem- ber 7. President Farmer president There were thirty present on this occasion, and all seemed to enjoy hearing the different speak- ers. After the routine business, the meeting was given into the hands of the members. Mr. Barret, of Hyde Park, spoke first on the duty of the bee to the flower in the trans- ferring of the pollen, referring especially to such plants as have male and female flowers on different individuals. Mr. J. S. Chase, of Maiden, the veteran fruit-grower, followed in the same line, speaking particularly of the work of the bees with reference to grapes, of which fruit he has been a grower for thirty- five years He laid stress upon the fact that species do not come true from seed, and il- lustrated his point by his own experience with seeds of Delaware grapes from which he had obtained many varieties of grapes of all colors, but never a Delaware. His fruit has several times taken the first prize at the Massachusetts Horticultural Society. Mr. Chase showed a model of a storm-door for his hives for winter, in which all felt great interest. Mr. Chase spoke of his new bee-feeder that consisted "of a box 25 inches by 15, and 5 inches high, made to cover the frames A piece of glass was fitted over this diagonally from the bottom of one edge to the top of the opposite side. Over this was the cushion. Thus he was enabled to lift the cushion and observe the condition of his feeder without cooling off the bees. Mr. Adams, of Byfield, Mass., and Mr. Richardson, of W. Medford, two vice-presi- dents, were chosen at this meeting; then aft- er an informal recess, during which we all enjoyed ice cream and cake furnished by our president, F. H. Farmer, Mr. Hawkins, of Everett, described the Atwater method of transferring by use of a tube from one hive to another as given in the Bee-keepers' Re- view. Mr. Richardson also told of his experience of four years. Our next regular meeting will be the first Saturday in January, 1908, in the afternoon. As there are only four more meetings we hope for a good attendance. Belmont, Mass. X. A. Reed. CAGE THE QUEENS WHEN SHAKING BEES ON TO NEW COMBS. It has not been clearly stated in the jour- nals that it is necessary to cage the queen when the bees are shaken on to new combs. One of our bee-men of Tulare, a Mr. Gam- bel, had 78 colonies shaken on to frames of foundation for foul brood, and none of the queens were caged; 75 out of the 78 swarmed, and went to the woods. Tulare, Cal. T. J. Bareinger COVERING CRACKS IN HIVE-COVERS. I use muslin bats for putting over joints on covers for hives. Get heavy bleached muslin and cut the length needed, and 3 inches wide. Cut in lengths long enough to lap over the edges ; lay this in paint, and, when put on, give a good coat of paint. I 42 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Jan. 1 have used this kind for over 15 years, and would have no other. Try this and be con- vinced. C. H. McFadden. Clarksburg, Mo. [One or two others of our correspondents have described this same thing and pro- nounced it good; so we must conclude that this method of protecting hive-covers is not only practicable but easy of application. — Ed.] morp: than one queen wintered in the same hive. Friend Root: — In regard to plural queens wintering in the same hive, perhaps I can throw a little light upon the subject without waiting until next spring. While I am not a plural-queen bee-keeper, for the past three winters I have had two queens winter in one hive. I always clip my queens in the spring, long before there are any queens hatched or drones to fertilize them if queens were hatched. In the spring of 1905, when clipping, I found a clipped queen and an undipped queen in the same hive (apparently mother and daughter), and both were busily deposit- ing eggs on the same comb and on the same side of it. I left the young one without clip- ping, and opened the hive frequently, only to find both busily engaged as before; but along about the middle of the summer I could see the old one was failing, and continued to frow weaker, and finally disappeared. Then clipped the young one. This was at an outyard. The spring of 1906 I was clipping the home yard the latter part of April, and I found two undipped queens in one hive (apparent- ly sisters, as they looked exactly alike), both busily engaged in depositing eggs on one comb, though on opposite sides. I clipped both and removed one to supersede an old one. Both did good work all summer, and again the past summer, and I think they are both still alive. Last spring, when clipping in the home jrard I found one clipped and one undipped in one hive — apparently mother and daughter — both depositing eggs; but the old one seem- ed somewhat feeble, and did not live to ex- ceed a month. Some skeptic may say this was accidental, and the young queen came from some other hive after they were removed from the cellar; but, not so; and, even were it probable, how would they explain or ac- count for the two young ones in the same hive? I had no deserting or swarming out, and cases were exactly as stated. I mention this merely to refute any such argument as might be advanced. Elias Fox. Hillsboro, Wis. [The cases that you cite, of mother and daughter both doing service at the same time in a hive, are so common as to excite hardly even a passing comment. It would not be at all strange if a pair of such would get along peaceably in the same hive over wm- ter; but it is remarkable that two daughters after the old queen disappeared, while they were virgins, should not have had a battle royal, with the result that one of them was killed. Apparently in the case given there was no conflict, but, rather, they both went to work laying eggs, and would probably have continued to do so as long as the colo- ny prospered. But during a dearth of hon- ey, probably one of them would disappear if not removed by the apiarist —Ed.] BEES CHOOSE A LOCATION BEFORE SWARM- ING. I am pleased with Gleanings, and do not know how I could do without it. In the Dec. 1st issue, page 1507, is a statement by Mr. G. C. Greiner which seems to me the most correct of any I have yet read concern- ing runaway swarms. I have known a prime swarm to issue, leave without clustering, and enter a tree. The owner, being a swift run- ner, followed the swarm to the tree, about half a mile distant, and cut the tree. In less than two hours after, bees entered. He found combs six or eight inches long. Did the bees not prepare a home and build some comb? They were new, and had just been built. The old queen as a rule gives warn- ing by a piping the same as a young virgin does in after-swarms. Carbon Black, Pa. Wm. F. Ebert. [Swarms will very often leave without first clustering. It may be in such cases that the scouts have located the tree, and lead the swarm to it direct. — Ed ] CAUCASIANS NOT AS GOOD HONEY-GATHER- ERS AS THE ITALIANS. i hfive two colonies of Caucasians from Washington that seem so energetic in plaster- ing with propolis every opening about the fences, sections, and frames, that they do not gather as much honey as the Italians and hybrids. I now have enough Caucasians. I will Italianize my apiary a little later. Pickel, Tenn. F. R. C. Campbell. KING BIRDS. Mr. Doolittle, in the Jan. 15th number, talks of the king birds. His experience tallies with mine, except that I never saw them bother the bees only when there was a drone flight on, and so far as I could see (and I have watched pretty closely) they caught only drones or queens. A shotgun is the only effectual remedy that I know of. Sheridan, Can. W. I. Devlin. [We have seen them actually catch bees. — Ed.] ducks in an apiary. How would it do to keep ducks in the api- ary for keeping the grass down? Would they eat the bees? B. F. Miller. Memphis, Tenn. [We hardly think so, as we had ducks in our bee-yard all last season, and experi- enced no trouble, — Ed.] 1908 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 43 HOMLS *^ byA-LROOT The vn-^ith of man shall praise thee. — Psalm 76: 10. On page 12 iG, Sept. 15, I quoted from the Pabst beer advertisements that the United States Department of Agriculture "Officially declares beer is the purest and best of all foods and drinks," and I lamented that the Department of Agriculture declared we had no laws to prevent the use of a state- ment that it did not make. As this same advertisement was accepted by a great number of papers I feared many good people might be misled by it. Well, their statement has done good after all iji bringing out strong protests and denials from both the clergy and able physicians and surgeons. See the following: Dr. S. H. Burgen, a distinguished surgeon of very long practice in Toledo, O., says: " Beer-drinkers are absolutely the most dangerous class of subjects a sur- geon can operate on. Insignificant scratches are lia- ble to develop a long train of dangerous troubles. Sometimes delirium tremens results from a small hurt. It is dangerous for a beer-drinker even to cut his An- ger. All surgeons hesitate to perform operations on a beer-drinker that they would undertake with the greatest confidence on any one else. Now read this also, from the Cleveland Plain Dealer: Temperate drinking, and the moderate use of beer, especially, were strongly condemned last night by Rev. Charles Bayard Mitchell, pastor of the First Methodist Church, in a sermon on "The Devil's Pop- ular Bait." Nothing is more harmful to good health," he said, " than the so-called temperate use of beer. It is the most dangerous form of intemperance. A prominent physician affirms that forty-nine out of fifty cases of Bright's disease under his care were cases of beer- drinkers. "The Northwestern Life Insurance Co., with its home office in Milwaukee, whose beer has made it fa- mous, will not grant a policy to the lager-beer brew- ers, their clerks, book-keepers, or anybody else em- ployed about the factory. They say, 'Our statistics show that our business has been injured by the short- ened lives of those who drink beer.' "It isknown to all intelligent men that beer-drink- ing clogs up the liver, rots the kidneys, decays the heart and arteries, stupefies the brain, chokes the lungs, and loads the body down with dropsical fat. "Intemperance is the strongest besetting sin of young men to-day. More young men are being ruined in body, mind, and soul by this insidious evil than by any other agency of hell. This is due to the fact that the business is so profitable. "Intemperance stands in the way of your business prospects. It will ruin you socially. It will destroy your character. If you haven't touched liquor, don't. There is no such thing as moderate drinking." After reading the above two statements, what do you think of the Pabst people, and their statements in regard to their various concoctions besides their "famous" beer? WHAT HAVE YOU TO BE THANKFUL FOR? In the issue of the Sunday School Times just before Thanksgiving day, the editor gave the replies of thirty-one men and women of national reputation to the question, "What have you to be thankful for? " I should like to give a lot of them, but can take space for only one, which see above: From liockd- T. Washington, LL.D.. Principal of Tuskegee Normal and Industrial Institute. First, for the opportunity to work. Work is the greatest blessing that a good Providence has conff r- red upon the human race. Any one who has learned to love work for its own sake can not fail to be su- premely happy. The man who has something to do is to be envied; the man who has nothing to do is to be pitied. Again, for the opportunity of exerting some influence in the world for the uplift of humani- ty. Thirdly, I am thankful for a serious and great problem to engage my attention and my activities. Perhaps the above does not strike every- body as it does my particular self, but I be- lieve it to be true that, during all my life thus far, I am happy only when I am busy. It is always a punishment for me to be obliged to sit still and wait for something or for somebody. Of course, I like to rest wnen I am tired; but I can't get a real good restfzd rest unless I have something to read — that is, something elevating and profitable; and I also want sleep when my physical machinery gives notice it is not in shape to do its best; and I dearly love the sleep that puts me in "good repair" for work once more. When I feel unable to do hard work I enjoy getting hold of my light hoe or a hammer and saw — anything to "keep busy," for Satan al- ways does "find some mischief for idle hands to do." TURNING ON THE LIGHT. I sincerely hope some of you have been in- duced to subscribe for the Sunday School Times just because of the frequent extracts I make from it. Here is another: There is no answering the straight answer that President Roosevelt makes to those who, writhing in the toils their own hands have wrought, savagely ac- cuse him of causing their disaster, when he says. " I was responsible for turning on the light, but I was not responsible for what the light revealed." Let us re- member this in all our choices. We, and we alone, are responsible for the wretched harvest that is sure to follow the seed-sowing of sin. I believe it is true that quite a few, and some very good people, have felt that our President has sometimes been a little too abrupt; that he might, perhaps, have averted the panic, and "stringency," that have been so much discussed, if he had let on the light a little more gradually; and this reminds me of reading about a father who came into the parlor one evening and suddenly turned on the electric lights, and found his daughter and a young man both occupying the same chair. Was it the father's duty, do you sug- gest, to find out if any one was in the room before he went in thus suddenly? Not at all. Nothing should ever be going on. in any home, that would cause embarrassment by turning on the lights; and, furthermore, noth- ing should be going on in our whole great nation that would bring consternation to bankers, politicians, or anybody else, if our President should take a sudden notion to turn on even the search-light. THE $10.00 SECRET AND THE $1.00 SECRET FOR SELECTING THE LAYING HENS. I have succeeded in getting both the above secrets without signing any contract not to divulge, and without giving any promise 44 GLEANINGS IN BEP: CULTURE. Jan whatever. It is true I did have some corres- pondence with Walter Hogan, and I sent him $10.00, telling him I could not sign any con- tract. He returned the money, told me of his misfortunes in disposing of his invention, etc., and said he would like to have me test his discovery. I then gave him my promise not to divulge any thing he might submit to me. He has, however, at this date, Dec. 18, never submitted any thing; but one of our subscribers sent me some time ago Hogan's seven-page ($10.00) pamphlet which he pur- chased for one dollar, and that, too, without any promise to keep the secret. I have giv- en you the above particulars lest any one may accuse me of getting the "secrets" by any dishonorable means. I procured the $1.00 " Potter secret of selecting the laying hens " by simply sending $1.00 for the little pamphlet of 32 pages. I did not sign any contract not to "divulge," but they wrote my name in the contract with a tyjjewriter. Had they put my name in with pen and ink it would have been forgery. Now, friends, what do you think of this whole business — taking $10.00 for a seven- page printed pamphlet, and $1.00 for a 32- page printed pamphlet, and extorting a "promise not to tell"? According to their printed claims they have taken hundreds if not thoiisands of dollars from poor hard- working poultry men (and women), for these celebrated secrets. Is it honorable, and is it in keeping with the spirit of the times, with the usual mode, let us say, of giving and re- ceiving knowledge? THE GREAT SECRETS. I say secrets, for both are one and the same thing, and I have no means of knowing who is the real inventor — Hogan or the Potter folks. More than 50 years ago, when a boy, I discovered I could tell by taking my "pet biddies" off the roost, the night before, which hens would lay an egg next day, by placing my fingers between the pelvic bones. The egg is often, if not always, so near per- fect that it can be plainly felt, and these pel- vic bones are at such times more or less widely separated. All Hogan or Potter claims to have discovered is that all great layers have space enough between these pelvic bones to allow three fingers to drop into the space. All moderate layers will permit only two fingers; and where there is space for only one finger, the hen or pullet is not laying at all, and sometimes has never laid an egg, and probably never will. In a flock of 70 hens, three or four were found, we are told, that never Md and never would lay an egg. The stupid farmer (and, very likely, poultryman, that thoughthe was up-to-date) bought grain for such hens, and kept them year after year, while he just threw away his money, or his corn and wheat, which amounts to the same thing. One large establishment in New York State, that I visited, tested their hens, by put- ting four in a pen. If they got four eggs a day, of course all four were laying hens. Trap-nests sort out the consumers and pro- ducers, to be sure, and make a sure thing of it; but Hogan and Putter claim their secret does in a few hours what would require days and weeks of hard work. No doubt these inventions are valuable; but why in the world have we not, among all our poultry- journals, one with enough enterprise to get hold of this whole business, and discuss it openly, instead of letting these fellows pa- rade and "peddle " their secrets as they have been doing year after year since 1904? There is a lot of other similar work still going on in the poultry business; for instance, asking enough money to buy a good-sized poultry book, for something printed on a slip of pa- per but little larger than a postal, or possi- bly a two or four page leaflet. The beautiful catalogs now being sent out by the manufacturers of incubators and brooders contain a vast deal more informa- tion, free of charge, than you get from these chaps that take fifty cents or a dollar for a printed leaflet that costs them only a fraction of a cent. Of course, it is right and proper to get something for your inventions; but when you ask and take a dollar, give in re- turn a decent-sized book that gives a lot of other valuable information. CHICKENS WITHOUT A' BROODER; NOT ONLY IN FLORIDA BUT AWAY UP IN NEW HAMPSHIRE. Mr. A. I. Jioot:—! have read your Home paper in Gleanings for March 15, aod I am going to offer you a suggestion from my long experience with poul- try. I have raised hundreds of chickens with no oth- er brooder than a common stone jug filled with hot water. I put the jug in an ordinary shoe-case, which I can buy for 10 cents here; put sand in the bottom of the box, and cover over the box a thickness of burlap, usually a bran-sack ripped open. Such a brooder will mother about 25 to 30 chicks. Sometimes I wrap bur- lap or old flannel around the jug and use the water a little hotter if the night is cold. Our incubator holds 360 eggs, and this is the only brooder I ever use. I think it would beat a flatiron, even in Osprey, Pla. Mrs. Susie A. Hyde. Canaan, N. H. MY STRAIN OF WHITE LEGHORNS H GAME. Frier, d Root:— You will notice (in the lot of poultry we are sending you) one old hen clucking. She would slip into the house and lay behind the front door; then she wanted to sit, and begged so hard tbat " Em " says, "Old lady, if you ivill sit, I want you to spread yourself," and gave her 20 eggs, and she hatched 'M chicks, 19 white. They are about like half-grown quails, rather small to wean. I send you 21 young hens and one young rooster besides the six old ones. Osprey, Tex,. Nov. 20. I. T. Shumard. The above report is from friend Shumard, as he sent my chickens up here to Braiden- town. If they continue to hatch 20 chickens from 20 eggs I shall be very glad. A REMEDY FOR " GRIP; " GODS MEDICINES, ETC. Mr. A. I. iZooi.'— I have often thought of writing you a personal letter when reading your Home talks, as I enjoy them so much. I have all my life worked outdoors, and have slept in one of those log cabins where it was ventilated in spite of us. I have had very small doctor's bills. I believe ten dollars would pay every particle of doctor and drug bills for the past ten years. I generally trap in winter and have often waded the stream when the ground was covered with snow. It's better for grip than hot tea or ginger stew and whisky. Rocky Mount, Va. J. B. Overfelt. 1908 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 45 Clearing Sale! SPECIAL PRICES ON ROOT'S GOODS, Such as have Never been Offered Before. In place of a New Year's gift to our friends and patrons we are going to offer something special which we have hitherto never been able to offer. We have an immense stock— a warehouse 40x250 feet filled with The A. I., Root Co.'s make of bee-keepers' supplies of every description, and on many articles we are overstocked. A number of articles have advanced in price; but we bought this stock before the advance, and are going to offer some, on which we are overstocked, at remarkably low prices for cash with order. This otter will be good only until January 15, or so long as the stock lasts. The following is a list of the special prices. At the left you will find the designation as given in our catalog. Orders must be given in lots of 5, 10, or multiples thereof. 2P 8-f rame supers with plain section-holders, fences, bevel cleats, and springs for 4;i-in. plain sections, 33c each. 2P 10-frame with plain section-holders, fences bevel cleats and springs for 4!^-in. plain sections. 37c each. 4P 8-frame plain section-holders, fences, bevel cleats, and springs with 4'4-in. plain sections acd founda- tion starters, 49c each. 4P 10-frame shallow supers with plain section-holders, bevel cleats and springs with 4Ji-in., 54c each. 2M 8 frame Danz. supers with banger-cleats, Da^z. section-holders, M fences, springs cleats, and wedges for 4x,5-in. plain sections, at 46c each. 2M 10-frame Danz supers with hMnger-cleats, Danz. section-holders, M fences, springs, cleats, and wedges for 4s5-in plain sections, at 49c each Shallow frames for supers holding 4J€x4J^-in., $1.60 per 100. Shallow frames .5^s-in., for Ideal supers holding 4x5 sections, at $1.60 per 100. 21 8-frame deep or Ideal supers with slatandT fences, 33c each. 4L 8-frame deep or Ideal super, with sections an 3 foun- dation starters, 49c. 4S 8-frame shallow supers with beeway sections. 45^x 4'4xl"s, and foundation-starters, 49c each. Danzenbaker brood-frames, $2 25 per 100 2S 8-'rame supers with section-holders, separators, followers, and springs, for 43€-in. beeway sections, 33c each. 2S 10-frame supers with section-holdei's, separators, followers, and spring, for 4}4-in. beeway sections, 37c each 2Ij 10 frame deep supers with slats and I fences, at 37c. 4S 10-frame shallow supers with beeway sections 414 x4}4x1"m, and foundation starters, 54i each. Dadant uncapping-cans, $7 55 each. No 4 Novice extractors, $7.55 each. In ordering these German wax-press, $11 00 each. 21 10-frame deep or Ideal supers, with slats and I fences, 3Tc each. 4M 10-frame supers with hanger-cleats, Danz. section- hilders, M fences, springs, cleats, wedges, sections, and foundation starters, 66c each. 10-fr ime empty Danz. bodies, at 31c each. Sections, No. 2 plain, 3?8x5xl% in., $3.35 perM. Sec ions. No. 2 plain, 4x.5x1 % in. , f 3 25 per M, Section-!. No. 1 plain, 4x5x1% in., $4.00 per M. J5 10-frame Jumbo bodies, with frames, 71c each. Alley queen and urone trap. 40c each. 12-in., 4 row shiopmg-cases with 3-in. glass. $17 per 100. 9M-in , 4-row shipping-cases with 3-in. glass, at $15 per 100. 10-in., 2-row shipping-cases with 3-in. glass, at $9.35 per 100. 6Ji-in.. 3-row shipping-cas3s with 3-in. glass, at $9.80 per 100. "lii-in., 3row shipping-cases with 3 in. glass, at $10.70 per 100. Hubbard section-presses, $2.00 each. No. 17 Cowan reversible extractor, $11.75 each. A B C of Bee Culture, 1905 edition, by express or freight, 8oc each; same by mail, $1 10. C 10-frame combination bottom-board with hive-stand, 23c each. C 8-frame combination bottom-board with hive-stand, 21c each. Besides the above we offer second-hand hives and supers taken as pay from a bee-keeper who over- bought, most of the supers having been set on the hives only a short time. All are well painted, clean, and in good conditi )n. 8 10-frame shallow supers with frames nailed and painted, 40c each. Ae5 10-frame one-story hives with body, bottom- boards, covers, and frames, nailed and painted, $1.10. goods mention Gleanings, We have a complete line of the Weed New-process comb-foundation machinery, and are prepared to work up wax by the pound, or exchange foundation for beeswax. Our foundation is as good and perfect as money can buy, and rates are reasonable. Write for rate-*, stating the amount of wax you have. We also buy honey and beeswax in any quantity for cash. Remember we have the largest and most complete foundation-factory and stock of bee- supplies in the South, and our prompt and careful attention is not excelled anywhere. We have been in the bee and supply business all our lives, and know the needs of the bee- keepers, so why not send your orders to us ? We want to secure a live hustling representative in every county in Texas, where we are not now represented. We prefer a bee-keeper centrally located, and one able to pay cash down for the goods he will order and carry in stock. To those who mean business we offer good inducements. UDO & MAX TOEPPERWEIN 1322 SOUTH FLORES ST. SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS 46 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Jan. 1 T F you are needing supplies at present, send us your orders. We have a large ^ stock of Root Company's Supplies on hand to meet your re- quirements We allow the customary cash discounts for early orders. Send for forty-page catalog. Jotin Nebel & iSon iStip. Co., Hi^H hui, Mont. co.,mo. ORDER NOW-PRIGES MAY GO HIGHER LUMBER IS DEARER, AND LABOR HAS NEVER BEEN SO HIGH WE offer you PRICE INSURANCE on BEE-SUPPLIES. Our plan does not cost you a cent; it may save you dollars. On all orders received before February 1, 1908. we will guarantee present prices (or less) to you. notwithstanding a contemplated advance in prices all along the line of bee-supplies. Shipments may be delayed until you want the goods. You can not lose. Write to-day. We make and keep in stock— Dove tailed Hives, Sections, Section-holders, Separators, Brood-frames. Foundations. Everything for the Becs- YOUR MONEY BACK if not PERFECTLY SATISFIED. Largest distributing center for raw materials, and best shipping facilities. Write for catalog. MINNESOTA BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLY COMPANY 21 NICOLLET ISLAND. (JOHN DOLL & SON, Props.) MINNEAPOLIS, MINN. TO THE BEE-KEEPERS OF CANADA. WE are pleased to say that we are able to offer, in Canada, goods manufactured by The A. I. Root Co. While we do not offer every thing listed in their catalog, we have se- lected such articles as we believe will best meet the wants of the Canadian bee-keepers. The heavy duty and freight charges we have to pay make it impossible for us to sell in Can- ada at Root's prices. We have, however, made prices as low as possible, and In no case do we charge nearly as much extra as the amount of freight and duty we ourselves have to pay on the goods. We would ask you, when comparing our prices with those of other dealers, to take into consid- eration the QUALITY. If you do so we feel satisfied that you will place your order with us. The splendid quality of the material sent out by The A. I. Root Co. has given " Root's Goods " a world-wide reputation. Remember, The best is cheapest." E. GRAINGER & COMPANY, Deer Park, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. CANADIAN AGENTS FOB THE A. I. BOOT CO.. MEDINA, OHIO, U. S. A. European Bee-keepers! lime and Expense by sending direct all your orders and correspondence to our exclu- sive agent for the European continent and its colonies. , . EMILE BONDONNEAU 142 FAUBOURG - ST. DENIS, PARIS Prompt Service and Satisfaction Guaranteed. . . . The A. I. Root Company 1908 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 47 THAT LOOP' Costs only Sl.OO, prepaid Get one and se- cure the agency in your locality. Every one buys it Great opportunity for aeents east of Mississippi River. One agent sold 100 in i days. Write tor booklet O C. A. MYERS CO.. 6537 Woodlawn Ave., Chicago MYERS LOCK STITCH AWL Makes same stitch as sew- ing machine. Repairs shoes, harness, carpets, awnings, sails, gloves, i tt e n s saddles, robes, comforts or fur coats. You need one, your e i g h D o r needs one every day. ^ot< THE' BEST'' LIGHT SAVE HALF YOUR FUEL BY USING THE Rochester Radiator Fits any Stove or Furnace. Guaranteed to do all we claim or money refunded. Write for booklet on beating homes. Rochester Radiator Co., 60 Fumatc *<»- Rnohratn-. H Y. Price from S-2.00 to $12.00 For hard or soft coal, wood or pas FENCE fiSSS^* Made of High Carbon Double Strength Colled 'Wire. Heavily Galvanized to prevent rust. Have no agents. Sell at factory prices on 30 days' free trial. We pay all freight. 37ht>ljrhts of farm land poultry fence. Catalog Free. COILED SPRING FENCE CO. Box 101 Winchester, Indiana PQc WIRE FENCE 48-ln. stock fence per rod only mm %# Hest high carbon coiled steel spiiiig wire. Catalogue of fences, tools and supplies t KEE. Buy direct at whole Bale. Write to-day. MASON FENCE CO., liox gS LeesburK, O. s AVE YOUR BACK Save time, horses, work and money by using an Electric Handy Wagon Low wheels, broad tires. No I living man can build a better. Book on "Wheel Sense" free. {Electric Whe»l Co. Bx>5. Qulncy.llf. ly /f .AKES and burns its own gas. Pro- ^^^ duces 100 candle power light — bright er than electricity or acetylene , — cheaper than kerosene. No dirt. No grease. No odor. Over 200 styles. ' Every lamp warranted. Agents want- ed. Write for catalog. Do not delay. THE BE8T I.IGHT CO. 306 E. 5th St., Canton, Oh^o I SPRAY PUmPS lYOURHAlTOTHE MYERS' ^^r* Toe Pump that pomps ^^M easy and throws a foil M^t flow. The cheapest W^l^^^^ pnmp is the best ■ '■^^^ pnmp, that's a Myers. ■g^^^ Pumps, Hay Tools ■ B^'^_V&Barn DoorHang- > 5^ ers. Send for cata- ^H log and prices. Jim. F. £. Myers & Bro*^ Ashland, Ohio. THE ''KANT-KLOG" SPRAYERS Somothing New^ Gets twice the results withs ame labor And fluid. Flat or round, fine or coarse sprays from same Nozzle Ten styles. For trees, vines, vegetal les, whitewashing, etc. Agents Wanted. Booklets free. I Rochester Spray PumTCo.. 32 East ht., Rochester, M. T. /^REIDER'S FINE ^ Poultry Catalogue for 1908 is larger and better than ever. Tells all abont pure-bred poultry and Illustrates 60 varieties. Contains 10 benutlTul chromos of leading breeds- pretty enough to frame. Tells of best Louse Killer, how to cure diseases, make money. Only 10c postpaid. Send to-day for a copy. B. U. GREIDEB, Rheems, Pa. /tc UA>iAfla» of practical and lancypure H-O TaricIlcS bred poultry. Beautiful, tjardy vigoious. Largest, Uiost succebsful poultry-far 111. Thousands to choose Ircui. Big Profitable Poultry book tells all aiout it. Quotes low prices on fowls, eggs, incubators, and supplies. Sent for 4 cents. Berry's Poultry Fa7m,Boz 153Clarinda,Ia SEED CORN DIAMOND JOE'S BIG WHITE Earliest-maturing Big-eared Corn in the world. Made 146 bushels per acre. It costs but 25 cts. per acre for seed. Big illustrated catalog of seed corn and all kinds of Farm and Garden Seeds mailed FR EE if you mention thispaper RATEKIN'S SEED HOUSE, SHENANDOAH, IOWA. 700,000 to everybody. APPLE TREES, 6 to 7 ft., 14 cts. each; 5 to 6 ft., 10 cts.; 4 to 5 ft.. 7 cts.; 3% to 4 ft.. 5 cts.; Boxing free. Also 500,000 PEACHES, 100,000 PEARS, PLUM, CHERRY, QUINCE, APRICOTS. Shade, and Ornamental Trees. Small Fruits of every description. Liberal discount for early orders. Secure your varieties now; pay in the spring. Our catalog will tell all about it. Send to-day. Free SHEERINS WHOLESALE NURSERIES, DANSVILLE, N. Y. 48 GLEANINGS JN BEE CULTURK. Jan. 1 110 VARIETIES STRAWBERRIES If you want Straw berry I'lunts the best, stronxest, most \ Igor- ous and most proliflc that can be grown in a good, fuvored strawberry climate, I am sell- ing that kind at reasonable prices. MUlionsof them pocked to carry anywhere. Also othar small fruit plants and special seeds. My Free Catalogue tella about them and gives the price. If interested, wTite for It today. Address W. F. ALLEN 35 Market St SaUsbury. Md. Ferry's Seeds are the best known and the most reliable seeds grown. Every package has behind it the reputation of a house whose business standards are the highest in the trade. Ferry's 1908 Seed Annual will be mailed FREE to all applicants. It contains colored plates, many engravings, and full descriptions, prices and directions lor planting over 1200 varieties of Vegetable and Flower Seeds. Invaluable to all. Send for it. D. M. FERRY & CO., Detroit, Mich. Seeds, Plants, Roses, Bulbs.Vines, Shrubs, Fruit and Ornamental Trees The best by 54 years' test, 1200 acres, 50 in hardy roses, none bet- ter grown , 44 greenhouses of Palms, Ferns, Flcus, Geraniums, Kver- blooniing Roses and other things too numerous to men- tion. Seeds, Plants, Roses, etc., by mail, postpaid, safe arrival and satisfaction Buariinteed,larger by express or freight. 50 choice collec- tions cheap in Seeds, Plants, Roxes. Trees, etc. Elegant 1 68-page Catalogue FREE. Send for it today and see what values we give for a little money. THE STORRS & HARRISON CO. Box 137. PAINESVILLE, OHIO. Rider Agents Wanfeti in each town to ride and exhibit sarnple iQo8 model. IVriie /or Special Offer. Finest Guaranteed ^Ift «^ tf 07 1908 Models <9*€/ fO g>^# with Coaster-Brakes and Puncture-Proof tires. 19U6 it 1907 models ^7 ^. tf #9 aU of best makes ^ M **» qf t^ BOO Second-Hand Wheels Alt 7nakes and models ^ tf O ^-» ^O eoodas7ie-w V«> «0 90 Great Factory Clearins Sale. We SMi» On Annroval -without a cent deposit, pay the freight and allow T£H DAYS' FREE TRIAL. Tires, coaster-brakes, parts, re- pairs and sundries, half usual prices. Do not buy till you get our catalogs and offer. Write now. JI1£AI> CITCLB CO., I>ept.L113 Chicago Burpee's "Seeds that Grow" are the Best Seeds that can be Grown. We do the testing — You run no risk ! If you garden, you should study "The Leading American Seed Catalog" A postal card will bring you a copy by return mail. W. ATLEE BURPEE & CO., Seed Growers, Philadelphia, Pa. A new potato, orig-- inated right here in the cold Nortn. where all the best Fiotatoes come rem. Rank Grow- er, Prodigious Yielder. Pull of new life and vigor. Hindaomest and best general crop and shipping Potato In ex- Large, Round, Smooth, White. SO't Worth seeds FREE Cooks dry and mealy. Delicious flavored, even when unripe. For 25c (stamps or coin), we will mail one pound of Late Petoskey, our 1908 catalog of Northern Grown Seeds, and a coupon good for 50c worth of free seeds. Catalog alone, mailed free. Write today. Supply very limited. DARLING & BEAHAN, Box 113, Petoskey, Michigan. BETTER WORK LESS LABOR Two things much desired by every farmer. Two things you're sure to get in Iron Age Imple- ments. For over 70 years they have been recognized the lead- ers because they do bet ter work, do it easier, do more of it, and thus save hired help. Excep- tionally well made — dur- able. Our ■le Wheel iloe, Hill and Drill Seeder, shown here, is the most complete tool made. 1908 catalog free. BATEMAN MFG. CO. Box 12c G Grenloch. N. J. o^ Get the FREE BOOK "EASY DIGGING" today and leara about the -wonderfu) fast-digging Iwan Post Auger that bores right into the hardest clay or grumbo. Works equally well in dry or wet soil. Easiest Auger to unload. Saves cost in two^ days. Makes post setting a snap. THE IWAN AUGER is made on the «^>Dly successful, scientific principle. ^ Has sharp douhlo liladcs of hardest steel. Digs twice as fast I as any other Aueer. Money hack if it doesn't "make eood." Write this very clay for "Easy Dinffing" to IWAN BROS., Dept.R , STREATOR, ILL.I 1998 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 49 We Sell You Doors 80< Windows 6@ ALL HIGH GRADE AND AT HALF YOUR LOCAL DEALER'S PRICES If you have any use for Doors, Windows, Screens, Sash, Stair Posts, Mouldings, Porch Brackets, Col- umns or any kind of Millnork for your own buildings or as a contractor, don't buy else- where until you write us for our illustrated cata- log. It quotes you at least 60 per cent lower prices than, your local dealer or any retailer or "mail- order" house possibly could, as wo havT the Largest Building R'ater- ial Plant in the World. We sell our Millwork onl y di ' eot to the user. We fhip anywhere in the TJrited States and guarante*^ to make you a clean Bavliic, freight in- cluded, of from 25 to (0 per cent on anything you order. Just send us a postal with your name and ad- dress and we'll promptly send, postpaid. ¥ Windows 66c Regular* 1 59 Grand Building Catalog FREE showing everything in the latest styles of High Grade Millwork at lower Iirices than you have ever thought possible. You can get an idea by the few illustrations and prices in this small space of what a sav- ing you can make by buying from our catalog, but you must see the catalog to fully appreci- ate this selling plan of ours direct to you Do not think of buying until you get Our estimate. Our work is all Guaranteed strictly up to the Official Grades adopted by tha STAIR NEWELS From $1.60 to $4,25 Worth $3.00 to $».00 Sash. Door and Blind Manufacturers' Association of the Northwest, and if not exactly as represented in every particular, you can ship your order back at our expense. Our lumber is first air-dried and then put through a Bcientifio drying process. Joints are made with heavy hardwood dowel pins, glued with imported glue, pressed together by heavy steam-power press. There is no "come apart" to our work. Remember, you save 50 percent, freight in- cluded, on your Local Dealer's prices. We operate the largest plant in the world — 163,000 feet of floor space 'four acres) — have been in business since 1865— own our timber lands, saw-mills and lumber yards. We carry a large stock and can therefore ship promptly. We have no traveling men — sell only forcash. We are the only large manufacturers of sasn, doors and blinds sell- ing direct to the con- sumer. Our prices will astonish you. Don't buy anything in our lino until you get our catalog, the grandest wood> work catalog published. Your banker, or any banker in Daven- port, Iowa, our home, will satisfy you that we are thoroughly responsible. Our catalog will explain everything to you. Write for it today. You will re* ceive It by return mail, postpaid. High Grade QAa Door OUC Regular price $3. CO Gordon. Van Tine Co.» S23 Case Street, Davenport, Iowa To prove that our EVERGREENS are HEALTHY. HARDY and Vigorous, we offer to send SIX fine two-year-old trees, entirely FREE OF CHARGE, to every property owner who will answer this advertisement. Mailing: expense Sets., which send or not. as you please. A postal will bring them and our catalogue which contains many COLORED PLATES of our BLIZZARD BELT FRUITS: SPECIAL BARGAINS and a mine of valuable information for fruit growers. We want to become acquainted with you, and it will pay you to get into touch witti our HARDY "BLIZZARD BELT" stock and our. liberal manner of doing business. THIRTY-EIGHT years' experience in growing HARDY BLIZZARD BELT" trees. Write to-day. THE GARDNER NURSERY COMPANY, Drawer 86. OsaiJe, Iowa. 50 GLEANINGS L\ BEE CULTURE. Jan. 1 '«w:TWO MONEY makers: #^ SCARFF'S SMALL FRUITS and bees are an ideal combination for bee-keepers or farmers. Order early and plant a generous quan- tity of these fruits. The bees pollenize tnem, mak- g ' ing them produce in luxurious abundance, and at the same time increase amount and value of honey. %t 3 Blackberry Bushes Free. I want to prove how Jf well-rooted, strong and vigorous my plants are. I will . i^'send free 3 fine blackberry plants, if you write for my ' ' new lyos free catalog. Some of my customers are mak- ing over $350 an acre with my plants. With bees you can increase that profit considerably. I sell a large variety of nursery stock, grown on an 800 acre farm. Write me to-day. , VV. N. SCAKFF, New Carlisle. Ohio The tools that increase results No other farm or garden tools do such good work or so much work in so short a time, as Planet Jrs. Strong and easy-running. Practical and lasting, and thoroughly guaranteed. No. 85 Planet Jr Combined Hill and Drill Seeder. Double Wheel lloe. Cultivator and Plow opens the furrow , sows the seed accuiately in drills or hills, covers, rolls, and marks out next row in one operation. A perfect Double Wheel Hoe, Cultivator and Plow. No. 8 Planet Jr Ilorsc Hoe and Cultivator will do more things in more wavs than any other horse hoe made. Plows to or from the row. A splendid hiller ; no equal as a cultivator. ^' Write today for our new illustrated catalogue of 1908 Planet Jrs— 45 kinds— a tool for every gardener's need. ^^"^ S L Allen & Co Box U06S Philadelphia Pa ORE ECG5-LES5 FEED By feeding green bone you can save enough money to buy a Humphrey .X'^bte Cutter besides doubling your egg yield. It's the only open hopper bone- cutter; simplest made; only three worl;lng parts; nothing to pet ont of order; no springs to adjust. Sold on a positive guarantee to out more bone, in less time, with less labor and in better shape than any other bone cutter, or your money back. 'E'-mAA fivissl if you want it. Send to-day for handsome M. m.^^^ M.M.HM.M. poultry book. Address, HUMPHREY, Mine Sl^ Factory, JOLIET, ILL. The mjMPHREY RAPID CLOVER CUTTER cuts more rapidly, more easily and Oner than any other. Ask about it. OUDLE YOUR EGG YIELD Fresh, raw, ijreen bone contains over four times as much "protein" and other egg-making materials, as grain. It takes the pi ace of worms and bugs in fowls' diet; that's why it gives moreeggs— greater fertility — stronger chicks — earlier broilers and layers — larg- er'market fowls, and bigger profits. You F. W. MANN CO. can cat it most easily, rapidly and bast with H/I'k'n'n'c! Latest Mod el iVACEllll » BONE CUTTER Automatically adapts cutting to your Btrenprth. Never clogs. Cuts all adheiw ing meat and gristle. We send It OQ 10 DAYS FREE TRIAL. No money 10 advance. Catalogue free. Box 37* Millord. Mass. et Johnson's Old Trusiy Incubator Book ; save money on your incubator and be sure of sue- — — - ''-- - - — cess. Simplest, most automatic incubator made. Runs itself and pays for itself. Takes less oil. 75 per cent hatches guaranteed. Sold on 40, 60 or 90 Days Trial Freight prepaid. More than 100,000 in use. Send today for big free book. It will help you. 176 pages — every page a poultry sermon, 300 pictures. Write today for Johnson's prices and guaranty. N. M. JOHNSON. CLAY CENTER, NEBRASKA 1908 GLEANINGS IN BEp: CUl/mJE. 51 meUBATORS 8t BROODERS Write for out Great Fro» Catalog of 212 papres which contains bo many letters from pouItTymen that ymi probably will see the pictures^ ot someone you know — iiij illustrations ot thi ir poulti-y yards, duck' farms, bruotliiiij houses, etc., all with names and addresses. Get All the Profits From Poultry Witb tbe Guaranteed World's Best Machines OnrFrie Book is the best authority tor you to read as it contains praal •tier using Cyphers machines, told by Beirluners, Experts and Agricul- tural Experiment Stations. Write to nearest address for this Free Book. CYPHERS INCUBATOR COMPANY, Buffalo, N. T. New York, Boston, Chicago, Kansas City, Oakland, Cat., London, Enj. ]^ BEST HATCHER ^ Complete 50-egg; all metal Hatching & Brooding plant for only $7.50. The only machine made that does the work in the natural way. Once filling the lamp hatches the eggs and broods the chicks METAL MOTHERS Ournew system $1.00 Brooder works to perfection. No d.'inger of fire, overheating or chilling the chickens. Let us tell you about our new way of keeping poultry to get the largest profits. Ca'.alogue free. Cycle Hatcher Co., 333 Wm. St., Elmira, N. T. Free Poultry Book; Certificate ■ Cut out, sign and 8end this Certificate ' and by return mail you will receive a copv | of our Great Free Book Telling How . 140,000 Men and Women are Making I Money with the Famous Z Sure Hatch Incubator; The book is full of valuable B help to beginners and profes- sional poultry raisers. Tells Why the Sure Hatch excels all other incubators— why it hatches most chicks that live and grow into dollars quickly. Ihe Sure Hatch is the Incubator .-f „if Wo J *'"'* '■""^ 't'""lf B°d pavs for Itself. " Send no money-the book is free. Use coupon or ask for it on a postal. SURE HATCH INCUBATOR CO. Box 107, Fremont, Neb., or DepI, 107 Indian- apolis, Ind. s Send book to Name 8 Address ■ Start tearly profits are greatest for the man who markets his chickens early. Do not besatistied with old, easy going methods. Get the best equipment — produce the best and make the most money. Write for our new book "Incubator Whys" telling why our njachlnes turn 90 per cent of the eggs Into chickens and why we can do bet- ter for you on prices. Please say whether inter- ested in beginners' out- fit or large machines. GEORGE ERTELCO.,0ulncy, III. A Free Book About Incubators We issue the best book ever written on incubators — written by a man who has spent 26 years in perfecting them — by the man who made the Racine. It tells facts that you must know to get the right incu- bator. Don't buy without reading it, for the book is free. We Pay the Freight. Racine Hatcher Co., Box 114, Racine, Wis. Warehouses: Buffalo, Detroit, Kansas City, St. Paul. BIGGER POULTRY PROFITS Our new I'JS-pa^e Poultry Book teaches the inexperienced and gives theexpert many valuablehints. Tells why "CllPnCCCCIII •• INCUBATORS dUUUtbCtrUL AND BROODERS are best. Oifers 14 varieties of line t>irds and eggs at low prices. Catalogue free. Booklet on "Proper Care of Chicks,'^ Ducks, Geese and Turkeys," 10 cents Poultry paper 1 year 10 cents. PES MOINES INCUBATOR CO. . 1 90 SBCond St. . Dei Moln«t. Ii J GET MY LOW PRICES Before you buy an Incubator. I manufacture in largequantities and sell direct to you. TTIFAT Hot- Air and AJLTlIi/^lj Hot- Water Incubators and Brooders hatch more chicks and stronger chicks. Send for my big free handsomely illustrated book, "Poultry for Profit." J. W. AIULER CONPANY. Box 48. FREEPORT. ILL. Catalogue Hatch Chickens by Steam with the EXCELSIOR INCUBATOR ^ Or WOODEN KEN Simple, perfect, self -regulating. Hatch every fertile egg. Lowest priced flrst-class hatchers made. OEO. U. 8TAHL, Qulncy. 111. 52 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Jan. 1 .15 Buys the Best 120-EGG Incubator ever made Freight Prepaid East ofRocliies Double cases all over; best copper tank; nnrsery; self- regrulating. Best 100 chick hot-water Brooder, $4.35. Both ordered together. $11.00. Satisfaction guaran> teed. No machines at any priceare better. Write for our book today or send price now and save waiting. Belle City Incubator Co., Box 69, Racine, Wis Famous Invincible Hatchers From*4u; The safe way to buy an In- cubator is on a Real Free „ Trial. Invincible Hatchers arfsold that way and' results guaranteed. Brooders, Poultry Houses and supplies all at very low prices. 224-page book Free Write to-day. The United Factories Co., Dept «'38, Cleveland, 3 CHICKS THAT LIVE get strong and healthy — lay the most e^gs — best for mar- ket—are chicks hatched in RELIABLE Incubators — the one non-moisture incit- bator. Best by 26 years' test. Sold under money-back guar- antee. Our New Free Boole tells all. Reliable Ineubator & Brooder Co., Box B19,Quincy,Ill. LET NE SHOW how easy it is for you to build your own In- cubators and Brooders with my Free Plans. Ifurmbh all parts you can't make. Thousands doing it— not ^ a single failure. Send to- day for niy free Bools o£ Plans and Catalog. , H. M. SHEER CO., i 242 Hampshire St., Quincy. 111. Make Your Own Fertilizer at Small Cost with WILSON'S PHOSPHATE IVIILLS From 1 to 40 H. p. Also Bone Cutters, hand and power for the poultrymen; grit and shell mills, farm feed mills, family grist mills, scrap cake mills. Send for our catalog. ^ Wilson Bros., Sole Mfrs., Easton, Pa. NC MONEY IN ADVANCE The "Dandy" is the easiest operated.best built, fastest cutting green bone cutter made. Sold on 15 days free trial with AMn iiDa'broad guarantee. If InilU writ suits keep it, if not, send it back. Pre" catalog. Stratton Mfg. Co, Boi 54. Erie. Pa. 9 vU It adii g- varieties of standard-bred iiicUens ducks, geese, turkeys, and pea- fowls. Send 4 cts. for large catalog. J. ». BRENNER. D. 12, Mankato, Minn. THE BEE ®> POULTRY INDUSTRIES DOVETAIL and go well together In poultry culture the main thing is health, and Conkey's Poultry Remedies Are the World's Standard This is the season for Roup and the sneezing, wheezing, swollen headed fowls should be quickly restored to health, usefulness and profit. You cannot afford to experiment, so use CON KEY'S ROUP REIVIEDY Just a thimbleful in the drinking water and they cure themselves. Onr absolute guarantee goes with it, and it metns your money back should it disappoint you. Cortkey's Book on Ptultry Free for 4c instamps and names of two others interested. It solves the whole poultry problem and is worth dollars to any poultry raiser. GET IT TODAV. THE G. E. CONKEY CO. 315 OTTAWA BLDG .CLEVELAND, O. Conkey's Poultry Remedies are carried by A. I. Root Co. at their branches. New York, Philadel- phia, Washington, Chicago and Medina. The INDUSTRIOUS HEN The Leading Poultry Journal of the South. Every Farmerand Chicken- raiser Should Read It. 50c One Year; Three Years, $1. (Sample Free) The Industrious Hen Co., 617 Gay Street. Knoxville, Tenn. 40 BREEDS. Fine pure-bred chickens, ducks, geese, and turkeys. Northern raised, hardy, and very beautiful. Largest poultry farm In the Northwest. Fowls, eggs, and Incubators at low prices. Send four cents for fine 76-page 14th Annual Poultry-book. R. F. NEUBERT, Box 778, Mankato, Minn. 1908 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 53 1908 INTRODUCTION A new, very productive, main-crop white po- tato offered this year for the first time. Yield record, 586 bus-hels per acre; 12 to 15 market- able tubers in H hill; vines 6 feet long. Tried last year in many states it beats every- thing for vigor of vine and prolific yield. Send postal for Handsome Illustrated Catalog of Seed Potatoes, Corn, Oats, Barley, Garden Seeds. etc. L Lt OLDS SEED CO., clinton, wiscons'in. THE BEST STRAWBERRY is Senator Dunlap—laryc, fine coli.red, very productive. Catalog;- of Straw- berry and other berry plants FREE. L, J. Farmer, Box SOS, Pulaski, N. Y. No attorney's fee until pat- ent is allowed. Write toT"Jnvent' or' I Ouide." NOTICE! This Is to notify you that Norris & Anspach, Ken- ton Ohio, are no longer our agents and we can not be responsible for any orders sent them. If you wish any of our goods, kindly send your orders to our agents. Cleaver & Green, Troy. Penna. Agents wanted to handle our goods by the carload for the State of Ohio. Write us at once. G. B. I^e'wis Co., IVaterto'^vn, Wis. Bee-keepers' Supplies Sold At the very lowest profit possible. Dovetailed hives, sections, etc.; complete stock, bought in car lots. Subscriptions given with orders. Send for my 32-page catalog, free. W. D. SOPER, Jackson, Mich. SAVE EXPRESS ! SAVE FREIGHT! SAVE TIME! V. by orderinj^ your supplies .'^Boston H. H. JEPSON, 1 82 Friend St. Phone Hasrmarket 1 489- 1 W. H. Laws says,' If there is a queen- breeder who can boast of better stock let him trot out the proof. Testimonials enough to fill this book. Will give you only one. Mr. J. C. King, Washington, D. C . writes, "For two years I have had one of your queens in my apiary. Each season she has given me over 200 lbs. comb honey; last season she actually stored while other colonies starved. I have over twenty strains in my three apiaries, but yours is the best." Now is the time to get a fine breeding queen; stock up this fall and double your crop of honey the com- ing season. Single queen, $1.00: 6 for $5.00. Extra select breeders, $5.00. Safe arrival and satisfaction guaranteed W H LAWS, BeevUle, Bee Co., Texas. PORTER BEE-ESCAPES hive: escape When taking off surplus this is the greatest saving device. It does away with the shaking of the heavy supers, the cruelty of excessive smoking which causes the bees to uncap their honey and start robbing. You can as well afford to be without a smoker as without the Porter Bee-escape. PRICES— Each, 20c; dozen, $2 25; postpaid. With board, 35c; 10, $3.25; by express or freight. HOUtSE ESCAPE To be used over the doors and windows in the extracting-house, or any place you wish to clear of bees. Some bee-keepers make a prac- tice of taking off the filled supers and stacking seven or eight in a pile. The Porter Honey- house mounted on a board makes the best kind of escape. PRICES— Each. 25c; dozen, $2.75; postpaid. For Sale by Dealers Everywhere! R. & E. C. Porter, Patentees SEND - ORDERS - TO YOUR - DEALER- How to Keep Bees By Anna Botsford Comstock 228 pages. 32 pages of illustrations. A charmingly written manual describing clear- ly and in detail the outfit, first steps, and meth- ods. The author's well-known literary ability has combined with her enthusiasm for a subject to produce a very unusual volume. It is a hand- book for those who keep bees for happiness and honey, and incidentally for money. It serves as well as an introduction to the more extended manuals already in the field. " Finally with all due deference to the authors of the excellent books on bee culture which we have already, my opinion is that this new book, ' How to Keep Bees,' is the best one for a beginner, or one who does not wish or expect to keep more than a dozen colonies, that has yet come before the world." — A. I. Root, in Oleanings, July i, woe. Chap. 1, " Why Keep Bees," urges honey, per- haps money, recreation, love of nature study, and the need of bees in " a perfect garden," as good reasons for keeping bees. The second chapter tells "how to begin" in a small way, and we may get all the necessary detailed in- formation for management from later chapters, arranged in order of demand for information. Price $1.00. Postage 10 cents extra. Money refunded to any dissatisfied purchaser. The A. I. Root Co., Medina, O. 54 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Jan. 1 "Root Quality" This phrase means that for selection of material, excellence in workmanship, and upto date methods, Roofs goods are unequaled. Bee-keepersareleamingtheadTantageof using first-class goods only , and that poor stock Is dear at any price. USE ROBINSON-'S CIPHER ESTABLISHED 1886 H. MUELLER, President GEO. TOUGH, Secrktaky MUELLER & YOUNG GRAIN (S SUCCESSOR.S to h. MUELLER & CO. Spccialties: BARLEY and OATS Tel. HARRISON 279S (ZkJ^ ^•C^-c-*-*..^^ «*2^ec/ . C^~cy -^Z-^iA- ^•^*-<^ty <^_A.-.<^ J^^Uktw Z^CX/ <*€^1<. ^^Ku» ■ - ~ .., ^friZ y^^^^iL^ ^^r^fzfnA^^ s^ A^^ ^%*^^„_yM-. THis sta«as for ^^^ /^^.^^.l/^ Root Qualitsr. >^*V Mr. Tough's opinion of the Root-Hoffman frames is a representative opinion of thousands of bee- keepers all over the world who have used with profit and satisfaction Root's goods which have been on the market for more than thirty years. "Root Quality" embraces a full line of Bee-keepers' Supplies, including hives, section honey-boxes, Weed-process comb foundation, Root and Cowan honey-extractors, Root smokers, perforated zinc, comb- foundation machines— in fact, every item required in the bee-yard or honey-house. For full particulars regarding prices, stocks carried, or any other matter relating thereto, address the Root agents, branch offices, or the manufacturers. THE A. I. ROOT COMPANY, ^i* li* MEDINA, OHIO 1908 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 55 Classified Advertisements. Notices will be Inserted in these elassifieci columns at 20 cents per Hue. Advertisements Intended for this de- partment should not exceed live lines, and you must say yon want your advertisement in the classified columns or we will not be responsible for errors. Sheet-metal Stamping, Dies, etc. We are prepared to do large or small jobs of sheet- metal stamping at reasonable rates. Contracts for monthly deliveries solicited. Special dies made to order. Write for prices, stating quantities, time of delivery required, and send samples or drawings of the articles and any other particulars. The a, I. Root Co., Medina, O. Wanted, Situations. Wanted. — Position as apiarist for the season of 1908. Over 30 years' experience. M. W. Shepherd, Wakeman, O. Help Wanted. Wanted.— At once; young man of some experience with bees. To one who gives satisfaction we offer steady work with chance for advancement. The Rocky Mountain Bee Co., Berthoud, Col. Wanted.— Young man of good habits to work in apiary in season and on ranch the rest of time; steady work to the right party; state age, experience, and wages expected. Chas.Adams, R.F.D.4, Greeley, Col. Wanted.— Three up-to-date middle-aged bee-men for Nevada; two practical middle-aged men for Cali- fornia, and four helpers, young men who know some- thing about bees and apiary work and are willing to learn more. Write me at once for details. C. I. Graham, Caruthers, Fresno Co., Cal. For Sale. Fob Sale.— Opaline honey-jars, all kinds; send for price list. Harold E. Shore, Germantown, Pa. Fob Sale.— Homestead farm crops in their season, consisting of honey, grapes, pears, apples, etc. C. J. Baldbidge, Kendaia, Seneca County, N. Y. For Sale.— Printing of all kinds- especially for bee-keepers and poultrymen. Samples free. J. B. Underwood, Deer Lick, Ky. Fob Sale.— Beautiful long-haired Angora and Per- sian kittens, some white and other colors. Prices low. Stamp for description. Mbs. J. F. Skbes, Marion, Ohio. For Sale— Special sale of half a million of best Wisconsin sections; thousands of shipping-cases; big discounts on all supplies till February 1. Seeds of honey-plants. Write at once. H.S.Duby, St.Anne,Ill. Fob Sale.— If you want an illustrated and descrip- tive catalog of bee-keepers' supplies for 1907 send your name and address to Frank S. Stephens, (Root's Goods.) Paden City, W. Va. For Sale.— One Humphrey bone-cutter, good as new, cost $12.50; price $9,00. One Chas. Cypher's 150- egg Model incubator, bought new last season; price $16.50. Harley Condra. Seymour, Iowa. For Sale or Exchange.— One improved Reliable 200-egg incubator, one McCormick four-roll corn busker and shredder. Will exchange for bees, bee-supplies, saw-machine, corn-sheller, or engine. Tom Chinn, R. F. D. 3, Vandalia, Mo. Bees and Queens. Fob Sale or rent, 30 stands bees and supplies. C. Lothrop, Newcastle, California. Fob Sale.— All who intend to buy bees, queens, and hives, should write postal for Charles W. Zweily's 1908 catalog. Chables W. Zweily, Fremont, Ohio. Fob Sale. — Queens; improved red-clover Italians, bred for business; June 1 to Nov. 15; untested queens, 60 cts.; select, 75 cts.; tested, $1 00 each Safe arrival and satisfaction guaranteed. H.C.CLEMONS.Boyd.Ky. Fob Sale. — 120 colonies of bees at $3.50 per colony, and fixtures; all in fine shape; combs straight. Also 200 lbs. sweet-clover seed, at 10 cts. per lb. Inquire of H. E. Davis. Redfleld. Kan. For Sale. — A full line of bee-keepers' supplies; also Italian bees and queens, and honey a specialty. Write for catalog and particulars. Choice melilotus (white sweet clover) seed for sale at eight cents per pound. W. P. Smith, Penn, Miss. Early orders booked now for delivery after May 1st. Best Italian bees, $6.00 per colony. Two-frame nucleus, $2.00. Queens, tested. $1.00; doz , $11.00. Untested, 75 cts,; doz., $8.50. Virgins, 40 cts.; doz, $4.50. Cash orders filled first. Geo. H. Rea, Reynoldsville, Pa. Rt. 2. For Sale.— 150 colonies of bees, arranged for comb- honey production, together with 250 supers and 100 empty hives, with all the necessary fixtures, stands, etc., for $700.00. Present location can be leased on easy terms. Sebastian Iselin, Box 11, R. D. No. 2, Stockton, Cal. Poultry Offers. For Sale. — Indian Runner ducks. Choice stock. Write me your wants. Kent Jennings, Mt. Gilead, O. Real Estate for Bee-keepers. For Sale.- 100 colonies bees; fine climate for lung trouble; plenty government land; good inspection laws; sweet clover, alf ifa. and sage pasture. Easy terms. J. W. Hale, Laplata, New Mexico. Fob Sale.— 40-acre farm in northwest Missouri; house, two lots, and five acres choice improved land; 200 colonies bees and fixtures; fox hounds that hunt all kinds of game; heavily furred buffalo-robe, and old Stradivarius violin. Elias Fox, Hillsboro, Wis. For Sale. — Farm of 235 acres, 75 cleared, splendid for saw-mill; four miles from L. & N. R. R. and town. Beautiful, healthy situation; good water; two frame houses and wells, lots of fruit. Old age and lack of help the reason for selling. Write for particulars. E. B. Ellis, Hanceville, Ala. For Sale.— a good Ohio home is offered cheap; 22 acres of land all cleared and tiled; a good two-story house and barn, and all other buildings as good as ■new; 125 fruit-trees; all kinds of fruit, all in good bearing condition; 20 colonies of bees and a lot of bee- supplies, and a good extractor — a good chance for a bee-man. Write for price and description. C. R. Hageman, Homerville, O. 56 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Jan. 1 For Sale.— a bee-ranch in one of the be.'st sections of California, 25 miles from Los Angeles. This season my 200 stands of bees produced 24 500 pounds of ex- tracted honey. Good honey- house, 6-frame extractor, a Root gas-engine to drive same; 50 acres of land; nice place for home, near school, and only eight miles from the ocean. Price $2500. Philip LbSueub, Forrest Ave., Holly vrood, Cal. Wanted.— To sell or rent 160 acres. Price $17 per acre. Bees, grapes, corn, grain, vegetables, fowls, and stock do well. Healthy climate; five saw-mills, and mines near. Gardening profitable. Telephone, daily mail. Old age excuse. F.F.Geobgk, Fraser, Ida. Wants and Exchange. Wanted.— 500 colonies of bees in Texas, Arizona, or California. N. E. Miller. Box 373, Logan, Utah. Fob Exchange. — ypher's incubator. W. H. Kerr, Crawfordsville, Ind. Wanted.— Bees to run on shares, or shares and small salary; give full particulars in first letter. C. A. Wtjrth, Pitkin, Ark. Wanted.— The address of some person who would let his bees on shares— California preferred. State number of colonies, and conditions. Pebbjn, 417 S. Flower, Los Angeles, Cal. Fob Exchange —One new Americanized Encyclo- paedia Britannica of 15 vols., which cost $48.50, for bees or supplies of like value; books are like new. Address Chas. Httrst,384 Walden Ave., Buffalo, N.Y. Wanted.- To lease, with the option of purchase, an apiary in the West or Southwest. Cash rental. Please send all particulars to W. K. Morrison, 528 Friendship St., Medina, O. Wanted. — Refuse from the wax-extractor, or slum- gum. State quantity and price. Orel L. Hershisee, 301 Huntington Ave., Buffalo, N. Y. Wanted.— Names of parties having bees to sell in South. Give price. Would like to correspond with bee-keepers on or near the Ohio, Cumberland, and Tennessee rivers. W W. Cbim, Pekin, Ind. Honey and Wax Wanted. Wanted. — White ripe extracted honey; will pay cash. Geo. Rauch, No. 5343 Hudson Boulevard, North Bergen, N. J. Wanted.— Comb, extracted honey, and beeswax. State price, kind, and quantity. R. A. Burnett, 199 S. Water St., Chicago, 111. Wanted.— To buy basswood, clover, and amber extracted honey for cash. Best prices paid. Send sample, and quote price delivered in Preston M. V. Facet, Preston, Fillmore Co., Minn. Wanted.— No. 1 and fancy comb honey; 4x5x19^ section preferred. Also light extracted. Must be guaranteed pure. Write, stating grade and how put up, and lowest cash price. C. M. Church, Arnold, Pa. Honey and Wax For Sale. For Sale. cans. -Choice clover and fall honey in 60-lb. Chas. D. Handel, Savanna, 111. For Sale.- 30 60-lb. cans ripe, heavy, alf. clover, i cleome. natural blend. Strictly choice. Case, $10.80; can, $5.69. Samples. Mobby, Lagrange. 111. Fob Sale. — Choice table honey, heavy body, fine flavor, aster-buckwheat blend: 60-lb. cans, $5 00 each. Inquire H. M. West, N. Kingsville, Ashta Co., O. For Sale. — Choice buckwheat and clover honey, in 60-lb. jacketed cans, at 9 cts. for clover and 7 for buckwheat. G. H. Adams, Schenectady, N, Y. For Sale.— 36 cases of comb honey in 4H and 4x5 plain sections. Clover and raspberry. E. D. Townsend, Remus, Mich. For Sale.— 1200 lbs. white and light amber extracted honey, thoroughly rip ned, and put in new 60-lb. cans. Price 10c, F. O. B. St. Joseph. Mo. L. E. Altwein. For Sale.— Fancy orange-blossom honey, 60-lb. cans. 93ic; water-white sage, 60-lb. cans, 9Hc; light amber, 60-lb. cans, 89ic; dark amber, 60-lb. cans, SH. Special prices in quantities. E. R. Pahl & Co., Milwaukee, Wis. For Sale.— One ton amber and buckwneat comb honey at $3 00 per case, 24 sections, in glass-front case; 18 light-weight cases at $2 50 per case; also dozen cases extracted. Quirin-the-Queen-Bbeeder, Bellevue, Ohio. Bee-keepers* Directory. SwARTHMOBE Golden-all-over. Caucasian, Banat, Carniolan Cyprian queens. E L Pratt. Swarthmore, Pa. Queens. — Clover stock. Experience and methods count. Write me. H. G. LaRue, LaRue. Ohio. Italian queens bred for honey, untested, 75c each. Geo. H. Place, 816 No. 49th St., Omaha, Neb, Extra honey queens and choice mountain honey. Francis J. Colahan, Bernardo, San Diego Co., Cal. Queens.— Pure Gold, Red-clover, Caucasian, Banat. Rose Lawn Apiaries, College View, Lincoln, Neb. Italian Queens,— Golden and leather, 60c each; worth $1.00. G. W. Barnes, Box 340, Norwalk, O. Bee-keepers' supplies, Italian queens. Send for a free catalog. Arthur Rattray, Almont. Mich. Italians, Cabniolans. No disease. Two comb nu- cleus with queen, $3.00. A. L Amos, Comstock, Neb. Italian Bees and queens— Red-clover strain imp'd mothers. A. W. Yates, 3 Chapman St., Hartford, Ct. Italian Bees, queens, and Root's bee supplies. E. ScoGGTN, Carlsbad, N. M. I club a high-grade Italian queen with Gleanings, new or renewal. W. T. Cbaweord. Hineston. La. Italian Bees and queens — red-clover and golden strains. E. A. Simmons. Greenville, Ala. Well-bred bees and queens. Hives and supplies. J. H. M. Cook, 70 Cortlandt St., New York City. ■ « ■ — Italian bees and queens bred for honey; price list free. B. F. Yancey & Son, Angleton, Tex. For bee-smoker and honey-knife circular send card to - T. F. Bingham, Farwell, Mich. Finest Golden and red-clover queens, Caucasian and Carniolan. Daniel Wubth & Gbant, Pitkin. Ark. Italian and Caucasian bees and queens of best quality; price list free. A. E. Titoef, loamosa, Cal. Fob Sale.— Golden and red-clover Italian queens. Wm. a. Shuff, 4426 Osage Ave., Philadelphia, Pa. Root's Bee Supplies Send for catalog. D. CooLBY, Kendall, Mich. Fob Sale. — Root's bee-supplies, wholesale and re- tail; factory prices; catalog free. Beeswax wanted. W. E. Tbibbett, Staunton, Va. 1908 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. o< Root's bee-supplies at factory prices, Black Diamond Brand Honey, and bee-literature. Catalojir and circu- lars free. Geo. S. Gbaffam & Bro., Bangor, Maine. Improved Italian bees and queens ready in May. Circular and testimonials free; second-hand surplus arrangements for 4M sections, also folding cartons, cheap if taken soon, or will exchange. Quibin-theQuben-bbeeder, Bellevue, O Angel's Golden Beauties and his bright three- banded Italian Queens have but few equals and no su- periors. A fine large queen of either strain for $1.00; an extra select breeder for $2.50. I have had 12 years' experience at queen-breeding. ' Address Samuel M. Angel, Route 1, Evansville, Ind. To those who may not care to make up a wire cloth cage, as shown on page 33 of this issue, we would state that we are prepared to furnish it in a neat shipping- case, with lid and hasps all complete, for $12 00. A line received too late for insertion in their full- page advertisement (see page 45) from Udo and Max Toepperwein requests our Texas subscribers to watch their advertisement in Jan. 15 Gleanings for the an- nouncement of an introducing comb foundation sale. NEW HONEY-JAR. • We have found a new honey-jar which is not only neat in appearance, and seals tight, tut is lower in price than any of the jars listed in catalog. We shall have it in H-lb. and 1-lb. size. The mold for the 1-lb. size is not yet ready, and we shall not have the jars in stock for some weeks. We have a few of the %-lb. size. We can mail a sample for 15 cts. to pay packing and postage. SECOND-HAND FOUNDATION-MILLS, We have to offer the following second-hand founda- tion-mills in good condition. We shall be pleased to hear from any one interested. To such we can send a small sample of comb foundation representing the kind of work produced by the particular machine you enquire about. No. 078.— 6x25^-inch hex. cell thin-super mill, in very good condition. Price $12 00. No. 079.— 6x2i4-inch hex. cell thin-super mill, in very good condition. Price $12.00. No. 088.— 6x2%-inch hex. cell thin-super mill, in good condition. Price $12.00. No. 088.— 6x2i4-inch hex. cell extra-thin-super mill, in good condition. Price $12.00. No. 088.- 12x2%-inch round-cell heavy-brood mill, in fair condition Price $1200. No 082.— 10x2M-inch round-cell medium-brood mill. in very good condition. Price $15.00. No. 090.— 10x2-inch round-cell medium-brood mill, in fine condition. Price $15.00. No. 091. — 10x2-inch hex. cell, medium or light brood mill, in good condition. Price 115.00. GERMAN EDITION OF THE A B C OF BEE CULTURE. We find when we get all our figures together that the production of the A B C in German is a bigger ex- pense than we anticipated, and that $2.00 each for the paper-bound edition does not cover first cost to us, even if we could sell every copy for cash at the full retail price. Compared with other works of like size and nature of contents the price ought to be $5.00 per volume ;• but we know very well that very few would buy at that price. To make the price reaso able, and at the samd time bring us somewhere near first cost, we will ask $2.50 postpaid for the cloth- bou 'id edition and $2.00 for the paper-bound. When shipped with other goods by freight or express. 20 cents may be deducted, if any of our readers know of German friends who do not read English readily, and would like to read the A B C in their native tongue secure their order for the book at the above prices, and for 50 cts. additional we will send Gleanings one year to your address or any other to which you may prefer to have it sent. EARLY-ORDER CASH DISCOUNT. We have been obliged to cut down the early-order cash discount below that offered in former years; but it is still sufficiently liberal to pay transportation charges quite a distance, or to pay liberal interest on the money invested in supplies early, and should at- tract those forehanded people who know pretty well what they want for the coming season. The following is the schedule of discounts for early cash orders for bee-keepers' supplies, subject to the conditions below: For cash sent in January, deduct 3% per cent. February, " 3 March. " 2i^ " April, " 2 The discount is only for cash sent before the expira- tion of the months named, and is intended to apply to hives, sections, frames, foundation, extractors, smok- ers, shipping-cases, cartons, and other miscellaneous bee-keepers' supplies. It will not apply on the follow- ing articles exclusively; but where these form no more than about one-tenth of the whole order the early-or- der discount may be taken from the entire bill: Tin- ned wire, paint, Bingham smokers. Porter bee-es- capes, glass and tin honey-packages, scales, bees and queens, bee-books and papers, labels, and other print- ed matter, bushel boxes, seeds, and other specialties not listed in our gener?J catalog. Convention Notices. The Wisconsin State Bee-keepers' convention will be held at the Capitol, Madison. Wis., Feb. 5 and 6. President N. E France promises several good papers and an abundance of questions. The special features of the Wisconsin convention have always been the friendly and social intercourse among its members, and the profitable and instructive questions and an- swers of special interest to bee-keepers. Everybody is cordially invited to be with us. Gus. DiTTMER, Secretary. The New Jersey State Bee-keepers' Association will meet in annual session at t e State House, Trenton, N. J., on Saturday, January 11. PROGRAM. 10:'i0 A. M.— Roll-call and business session. 10:15. — Address by the President.— Bees and blos- soms. 10:40.— A Season with the Carniolans. — A. G. Hann, Esq.. Pittstown, N. J. 11:20 — Preparing Extracted Honey for Market. — Mr. Harold Horner, Mt Holly, N. J. 1 1 :45.— Question-box. 1:45 P. M.— What the Government is doing for the Bee-keeper.— F. G. Fox. Ass't Apiarist, Washington, D. C. 2 30.— The future of the Honey Business.— J. H. M. Cook. K^ci.. Caldwell. N. J. 3:15.— Discussion by Members. The Wintering Problem. Sec, G. N. Wansbr, Pres., W. W. Case, Cranford, N. J. Frenchtown, N. J. The following persons have been duly elected officers of the N. B. K, K. A., viz.: Geo. Hilton, president; G. W. York, vice-president; W. Z. Hutchinson, secretary; N. E. France, general manager; Wm. McEvoy, E. W. Alexander, and R. C. Aikin, directors. R. L. Taylor, Chairman Board of Directors. For Sale— It will pav to eet our special proposition. A. G. WOODMAN CO.. Grand Rapids. Mich. 58 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Jan. 1 SUPPLIES FOR BEE-KEEPERS Every thing you want; all made by us in our own factories==at LOWEST PRICES. The American Bee=keeper (published 17 years), a monthly at 50 cts. a year. Sample copy and illustrated catalog and price list free. Address W. T. FALCONER MFG. CO. DEPARTMENT 0, JAMESTOWN, N. Y. A set of these ooks on your esk is almost equivalent to a corps of busi- ness experts on your payroll . — to counsel you in every business move — to give facts, statistics, working data, legal infor- mation and past experience on every plan or pro- ject And to give you all this without a penny of cost No man need go wrong on a legal matter, a sales plan, the selection of employes, machinery, paper stock, printing inks, business supplies, if he has this set of books at hand. It contains, in all, 9,408 useful and important facts on business, covering every branch, department and man in a retail, wholesale, manufac- turing, banking or specialty concern. It tells how to ship goods at the lowest rates, how to read proof, write advertising copy, and install an inquiry follow-up. It tells how to be your own attorney and settle your own legal tangles without paying an attorney's fat fee. It contains condensed correspondence courses on a full baker's dozen of vital business subjects such as win- dow dressing, show-card writing, salesmanship, busi- ness law, bookkeeping, systematizing — really the boiled down essence of the best stuff on business ever written — condensed into "meaty" little chapters for your leisure study and ready reference. A complete and' simple index. 1HE MAGAZINE OF BUSINESS The way to get these two valuable books absolutely FREE is through SYSTEM. SYSTEM stands pre-eminent the nic nthly Magazine of Business. 260 to 356 pages in every issue of SYSTi;>I, and you cannot afford to miss a single page of it. SYSTE^I t'oes into the inner offices of the biggest, mo.st successful men and (wrings forth for your benefit the fruit of their costly experience. SYSTEM will show you how to start a new business, how to win trade for it, establish prestige, create profits, minimize wastes, keep down expenses, stop losses. Better, SYSTEM will .show you how to accomplish more, make more in your present daily work. SYSTEM has 300,000 readers. It has helped many of them to better salaries, bigger profits, that would have been impossible, undreamed of with- out SYSTEM. Both proprietor and clerk can learn more and earn more through SYSTEM. I nclose From a leading New York merchant: "System is essential to business success and so is SYSTEM the magazine. No business can succeed without system — no business man can get alonsf without SYSTEM the business magazine." Samuel Brill, of Brill Brothers From a Chicago Manufacturer. "The value of SYSTEM can never be accur- ately estimated. By direct instruction, by timely suggestion it turns many a life and business man into better, more profitable channels " Alexander H. Revell, of A. H. Revell & Co. Special Offer: Merely send %2 with the coupon. We will enter your name for a year's subscription to SYSTEM anci will send you free of all cost a handsome two-volume set of the Business Man's Encyclopedia bound in substantial red vellum cloth. Or better still include a dollar extra — .S3 in all — and we will bind the volumes in the X 151-153 finest flexible English Morocco — and gold the edges. There is no leather so jT Wabash Ave handsome, so strong, so dignified and so satisfactory as the genuine English ^ Chicago O.xford Morocco. This leather will stand the wear and tear of years. for which please enter my name for ne year's sul.scrip- ticn to SYSTEM, be- ginnmg with tl,e current umlier and send me with- out extra charge, all trans- portation charges prepaid, a set of the Business Alan's Brain Partners bound as per your offer. 44 60 East 23d St. IME KACAZINE OF BUSINESS In responding to this advert isement mention Gleanings in Bee Cultube. iHYnot pnt your spare moments to work bringing in extra casli ? Some people in your town are waiting for some one to malse up their rags into carpets, rugs and portieres. It's genteel, honest work that any man or woman can do and make good profit at it. Just to prove it, here are the names and addresses of fifteen out of hundreds of people who have woven carpets and rugs at a good profit. They use a Deen Loom. Good Profits Made At Home Mrs. O. R. Stover, Bradford, Ohio Oma Cooper, Dale, Indiana , R. P. McGowan. Piedmont, W. Va. Mrs. Rob. Record, Seymore, Illinois Mrs. Henry Clark, St. Anthony, Iowa Mrs. A. L. Clark, Central Square, N. Y. Mrs. H. C. Blanahet, New Lathrop, Mich. Mrs. T. E. Alley, Sylvan Grove, Kansas Mrs. O. E. Albin, Kearney, Nebraska Mrs. H. Goebel, West Point, Iowa Mrs. J. S. Gilbert, Milton Junction, Wis. Mrs. L. E. Poster, Bedford, Indiana Mrs. Salanda Gunckel, Osgood, Ohio Mrs. D. E. Williams, Pickering, Missouri M. H. Vining, Waterloo, Iowa Remember these are only fifteen of scores and hundreds who at this moment are hustling out work and getting good money for it. You Who Read This Haven't you often wished for a useful employ ment by which to make money in your spare hours? No doubt you know of people who would gladly pa.v you for weaving their rags into car- pets and rugs. It's not only the poorer people that have hand- woven carpets ana rugs on their floors, but well- to-do people of city, village and countrv-side ap- preciate the handsome and useful products of home-weavers. By canvassing amongyour friends you can work up a good business. Profitable, too. Besides, it's done at home with the children, where you can have an eye on everything in house and yard. It's Not Hard Work Weaving with a Deen L,ooin is soon learned. The Loom itself is a simple affair, easily handled, and soon understood. May Vittum, Barclay, Kansas, says: ''I can weave almost twice as much as I could with the old loom. I would not go back to the old one for anything. The new one is faster, easier, and does thelbest work." Having a steel frame well-braced, and rigid, it resists the shock and stroke of the shuttle mechanism, remaining solid for years without repairs. It will accomodate any size rug or carpet de- manded. COUPON W^*''^ Deen Loom Co.:— Date 19.... \\\ Please send me your free catalog and de tailed explanation of your "Easy Pay Plan" of selling your Deen Loom. Name Address Town State What May Be Woven Any design can be made in any number of col- ors that taste and fancy may dictate. You can weave rugs, hammocks, all kinds of hand-weaves, carpets, portieres, etc. The materials to use are common carpet warp which can be purchased of any dry goods store; carjiet rags, old clothes of any kind, old ingrain and brussels carpets, blankets, or nearly any kind of fabric. Your cus- tomers furnish you all material; you do the weaving and get good pay for it. A Few Prominent Reasons for Buying 1.— You can make from $2 to $3 a day if you weave 8 hours daily. 2.— You can make from $4 to $10 a week using only part of your time— say evenings after work and an hour in the morning. 3.— We help you personally by letter if you wish. But this is seldom necessary, because we send you simple, detailed instructions with pic- tures of the loom and its parts. This book makes everything plain. You have no real difl5culty in handling the loom. 4.— The Ply-Shuttle is easily filled, quick to han- dle, doesn't bother. 5.— The Winding Mechanism and Peed-Governor are new improvements. The latter keeps the warp and weft mechanism within contro!. It saves much material and prevents hours of thrown-away time used by old-style looms. 6.— It takes up much less room than many other styles. It requires a room but 10 feet square for a complete weaving shop. 7.— We send you everything with the Loom. You can go right to weaving as soon as you get warp and rags. You Needn't Pay All At Once Pay something down. As Loom brings in profits send balance by ea,sy installments. Pill in the coupon and mail. We'll send our free catalog and a letter about our easy-pay plan. THE DEEN LOOM CO.. Harlan, Iowa m^^ii^^ in Headquarters, Museum, and Apiary of the Swiss Bee-keepers' Federation, at St. Gallen. Published by The A. I. Root Co., Medina, Ohio, U. S. A. Entered at the Postoffice, Medina, Ohio, as Second-class Matter. Vol. XXXVI January 15, 1908 No. 2 DEEN C3 HY not put your spare moments to work bringing in extra cash ? Some people in your town are waiting for some one to make up their rags into carpets, rugs and portieres. It's genteel, honest work that any man or woman can do and make good profit at it. Just to prove it, here are the names and addresses of fifteen out of hundreds of people who have woven carpets and rugs at a good profit. They use aJJeen Loom. Good Profits Made At Home Mrs. O. R. Stover, Bradford, Ohio Oma Cooper, Dale, Indiana ,R. P. McGowan. Piedmont, W. Va. Mrs. Rob. Record, Seymore, Illinois Mrs. Henry Clark, St. Anthony, Iowa Mrs. A. Li. Clark, Central Square, N. Y. Mrs. H. C. Blanahet, New Lathrop, Mich. Mrs. T. E. Alley, Sylvan Grove, Kansas Mrs. O. E. AlbinjKearnev, Nebraska Mrs. H. Goebel, West Point, Iowa Mrs. J. S. Gilbert, Milton Junction, Wis. Mrs. L. E. Foster, Bedford, Indiana Mrs. Salanda Gunckel, Osgood, Ohio Mrs. D. E. Williams, Pickering, Missouri M. H. Vining, Waterloo, Iowa Remember these are only fifteen of scores and hundreds who at this moment are hustling out work and getting good money for it. You Who Read This Haven't you often wished for a useful employ- ment by which to make money in your spare hours ? No doubt you know of people who would gladly pay you for weaving their rags into car- pets and rugs. It's not only the poorer people that have hand- woven carpets and' rugs on their floors, but well- to-do people of city, village and country-side ap- preciate the handsome and useful products of home-weavers. By canvassing amongyour friends you can work up a good business. Profitable, too. Besides, it's done at home with the children, where you can have an eye on everything in house and yard. It's Not Hard Work Weaving with aDeen Lioom is soon learned. The Loom Itself is a simple affair, easily handled, and soon understood. May Vittum, Barclay, Kansas, says: ''I can weave almost twice as much as I could with the old loom. I would not go back to the old one for anything. The new one is faster, easier, and does the oest work." Having a steel frame well-braced, and rigid, it resists the shock and stroke of the shuttle mechanism, remaining solid for years without repairs. It will accomodate any size rug or carpet de- manded. What May Be Woven Any design can be made in any number of col- ors that taste and fancy may dictate. You can weave rugs, hammocks, all kinds of hand-weaves, carpets, portieres, etc. The materials to use are common carpet warp which can be purchased of any dry goods store; carpet rags, old clothes of any kind, old ingrain and brussels carpets, blankets, or nearly any kind of fabric. Your cus- tomers furnish you all material; you do the weaving and get good pay for it. A Few Prominent Reasons for Buying 1.— You can make from $2 to $3 a day if you weave 8 hours daily. 2.— You can malse from $4 to $10 a week using only part of your time— say evenings after work and an hour in the morning. 3.— We help you personally by letter if you wish. But this is seldom necessary, because we send you simple, detailed instructions with pic- tures of the loom and its parts. This book makes everything plain. You have no real difficulty in nandhng the loom. 4.— The Fly-Shuttle is easily filled, quick to han- dle, doesn't bother. 5.— The Winding Mechanism and Feed-Governor are new improvements. The latter keeps the warp and weft mechanism within control. It saves much material and prevents hours of thrown-away time used by old-style looms. 6.— It takes up much less room than many other styles. It requires a room but 10 feet square for a complete weaving shop. 7.— We send you everything with the Loom. You can go right to weaving as soon as you get warp and rags. You Needn't Pay All At Once Pay something down. As Loom brings in profits send balance by easy installments. Fill in the coupon and mail. We'll send our free catalog and a letter about our easy -pay plan. THE DEEN LOOM H&rlan. lOW; COUPON W^*-^'-- Deen Loom Co.:— Date 19.... \\\ Please send me your free catalog and de- tailed explanation of your "Easy Pay Plan" of selling your Been Loom. Name Address Town State 1908 (4LEANINGS IN BEK CULTUKK. 63 r C. H. W. WEBER \ Headquarters for I V BEE SUPPLIES Distributor of R^oot's Goods Exclusively, at Root's Factory Prices GIVE ME YOUR ORDERS for the Best Goods Mad*. You will be pleased on receipt of them. You will save money by ordering from me. My stock is complete; in fact, I keep every thing the bee-keeper needs. Cincinnati is one of the best shipping-points in the Union, particularly in the South, as all freight now goes through Cincinnati. Satisfaction guaranteed. Send for descrip- tive catalog and price list. It will be mailed you promptly free of charge. ^Special Discount on Early Orders I will buy your HONEY AND BEESWAX. I pay Cash on Delivery; or if you are in need of honey, write for prices and state quantity wanted, and I will quote you the lowest price of any quantity wanted — in cans, barrel- lots, or car-lots — of extracted or comb honey. I guarantee its purity. WANTE:D=5weet Clover. If you have Sweet Clover, state if yellow or white, hulled or unhuUed, also quantity and lowest price. C. M. W. WEBER Oifice and .Salesroom, 2146-2148 Central Ave. AVareHotise, Freeman and Central Avenue. CINCINNATI, -^ j0^ OHIO 64 (iLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Jan. 15 Honey Markets. GRADING RTTLKS FOE COMB HONEY. Fancy.— All seetlone well filled, combs straight, firmly at- tached to all tour sides, the combs unsolled by travel-stain or otherwise; all the cellc soaled except an occasional one, the ontslde surface of the wood well scraped of propolis. A No. 1.— All sections well filled except the row of cells next to the wood; combs straight; one-eighth part of comb surface soiled, or the entire surface slightly soiled; the outside sur- faae of the wood well scraped of propolis. No. 1.— All sections well filled except the row of cells next to the wood; combs comparatively even ; one-eighth part of c >mb surface soiled, or the entire surface slightly soiled. No. 2.- Three- fourths of the total surface must be filled and setled. No. 3.— Must weigh at least half as much as a full-weight section. In addition to this the honey Is to be classified according to c >lor, using the terms white, amber, and dark; that Is, there w II be " Fancy White," " No. 1 Dark," etc. The prices listed below are Intended to represent, as nearly as possible, the average market prices at which honey and beeswax are selling at the time of the report in the city men- tioned. Unless otherwise stated, this is the price at which sales are being made by commission merchants or by produc- ers direct, to the retail merchant. When sales are made by commission merchants, the usual commission (from five to ten per cent) cartage, and freight will be deducted, and in addi- tion there is often a charge for storage by the commission merchant. When sales are made by the producer direct to the retailer, commission and storage, and other charges, are eliminated. Sales made to wholesale houses are usually about ten per cent less than those to retail merchants. Chtcago.— Within the last few days an unexpected amount of comb honey has come on this market in addition to small consignments from adjat^ent territo- ry that became quite frequent in December. Thr^e carloads of Western comb have come on consign- ment, part of it to firms that do not make a specialty of honey, so that, when a buyer appears, he is able to get concessions that are chiefly limited to what he will pay. On choice white grades, 16 cts. is asked, with little demand for any of the off lots, which are difficult to sell at from 1 to 5 cts. per lb. less. Ex- tracted, white, 8 to 9; ambers and dark. 6 to 7. Bees- wax, 28. R. A. Burnett & Co., Jan. 8. Chicago, 111. Indianapolis.— Demand for best gfades of extract- ed honey is good, while the demand for comb honey is not so brisk. Very little honey is b^ing offered by producers at present. Jobbers are offering the fol- lowing prices, delivered here. No. 1 and fancy comb. 16 to 17, net weight: extracted white clover. 9 to 10. Beeswax, 28 cash or 30 in exchange for merchandise. Jan. 4. Walter S. Poudbr, Indianapolis, Ind. Cincinnati.— The market on comb honey is very slow and quiet. No. 1 is selling, in a retail way. white clover from 16 to 17, Colorado alfalfa from $3.75 to $4.00. Water-white extracted honey, sage and clover, good demand, ranging from 9 to 10; amber extracted in barr Is, slow from 6 to 6%. Beeswax is selling slow at 32. C. H. W. Weber, Dec. 31. CincinLnati. O. Cincinnati.— Owing to the unsttU d cordition of flDanc s th'-oUKhoui ihe countiy, causing much un easiness aijd anxiety amon^r the buyers, we look for- ward to seeing honey reach lower values in the very near future. We are at a loss to say what prices we will ask in 10 days hence, but at this writing we are quoting extraetea amber honey in barrels at 6 to 7'" cts.; fancy white extracted in 60 lb. cats, at 10; and strictly fancy white comb honey (which is moving slowly), at 16% to 18. ai cording to the quantity pui- chased. For choice yellow beeswax, free from dirt, we are pajing 30 cts. per lb., deliv red here. The Fred W. Muth Co.. Jan. 4. 51 Walnut St.. Cincinnati. O. Zane&ville.— This market is still well stocked with honey, especially alfalfa An occasional ship- ment of clover comb comes in from eastern and north-central States. The demand for honey, both comb and extracted, is still light, though it has toned up slightly since last report. No. 1 lo fancy white comb would bring, first-hand, 15 to 16 cts. wholesal- ing at about 17% to 18. Extracted, in 60-lb. cans, i: quoted at 11 to 12%, wholesale. Beeswax quiet. Would pay 30 cts. in exchange f,)r bee-supplif s f. o b. here. Edmund W. Pbirce, Jan. 7. 136 W. Main St.. Zanesville. O. Buffalo. — The demand is improving a little for white comb honey. Not very much in dealers' hands here. Extra good demand for white extracted, quick sale on arrival. No. 1 fancy white clover c 'mb, 16 to 17; No. 2, 13 to 15; No 1 buckwheat. 11 to 12%; No. 2. 10 to 11. White clover extracted. 9 to 11; amber, 8 to 8%; dark, 7 to 8. Beeswax, 30 to 32. W. C. TOWNSBND Jan. 11. Buffalo, N.Y. St. Louis.— The honey market has been slow on ex- tracted and comb honey, and is freely offered at the following reduced prices: Fancy white, 15 to 16; No. 1, 14 to 15; amber, 13 to 15, according to quality and condition. Broken and defective honey sells at con- siderably less. Extracted white, in cans, nominal, at 8 to 8%; amber, in cans, 7% to 8; in barrels and half- barrels, % to Ic per lb. less. Granulated honey sells at about % cent per lb. less than liquid Beeswax, 26c for choice pure. All impure and inferior, less. R. Hartmann Produce Co., Jan. 10. St. Louis, Mo. Kansas City.— The receipts of comb honey are more liberal, and prices lower. The demand is lig:ht for both comb and extracted. We quote No 1 white comb. 24-section cases, $3.00 to $3 10; No. 2 white and amber, $2.75. Extracted, white, per lb., 8 to 8% cts ; amber, 7 to 7%. Beeswax, 25 cts. C. C. Clkmons & Co.. Jan. 10. Kansas City, Mo. San Francisco.— Honey moves very slowly at present, as high prices have curtailed the demand. With light offerings and few arrivals of new stock, prices are firmly maintained. Light amber, extract- ed, 7 to 7%; water-white comb, 16 to 17; white comb. 15; water white, extracted, 8 to S^.— Pacific Rural Press. WHAT HAS MUTH GOT NOW? Genuine Orange-blossom Honey. Genuine White-clover Honey. Genuine Black-sage Honey. ( All In crates of two 60-lb. cans each.) and Fancy Comb Honey in 24-8ection cases, averaging 23 lbs. to the case. You better write for prices; this honey is too good to stay long on our hands. THE FRED W. MUTH COMPANY, 51 WALNUT STREET. The Busy Bee Men. CINCINNATI, OHIO. 1908 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE, 65 Extracted Wanted We are always in the market. If you have any to sell, mail small average sample to NATIONAL BISCUIT COMPANY Purchasing Department, 205 La Salle St., Chicago, Illinois, WE WILL BUY AND SELL HONEY of the different grades and kinds. If you have any to dispose of, or if you intend to buy, correspond with us. We are always in the market for WAX at highest market prices. HILDRETH & SEGELKEN, 266-267 Greenwich St. 82-86 Murray St. NEW YORK. W. H. Laws says,' If there is a queen- breeder who can boast of better stock let him trot out the proof. Testimonials enough to fill this book. Will give you only one. Mr. J. C. King, Washington, D. C . writes, "For two years I have had one of your queens in my apiary. Each season she has given me over 200 lbs. comb honey; last season she actually stored while other colonies starved. I have over twenty strains in my three apiaries, but yours is the best." Now is the time to get a fine breeding queen; stock up this fall and double your crop of honey the com- ing season. Single queen, $1.00: 6 for $5.00. Extra select breeders, $5.00. Safe arrival and satisfaction gruaranteed W H L4WS. Beeville, Bee Co., Texas. ROOT GOODS FOR THE WEST Why put up with inferior goods when you may as well have the best ? They cost you no more. In many oases I can save you money. In all cases I give the most fur the money, quality considered. They are the ROOT GOODS, which I sell here at the KOOr FACTORY PRICES and DISCOUNTS. My shipping facilities are unsurpassed any- where. Practically all points are reached by direct lines, thus insuring lowest freight rates. Write for estimate for liberal discount for orders sent in now. JOSEPH NYSEWANDER 506-7 W. 7th ST. DES MOINES, IOWA NEW GOODS! BIG STOCK! New Warehouse Root's Goods Prompt Shipment Low Freight EVERYTHING FOR THE BEE-KEEPER AT SAVANNAH, GA. We are now prepared to furnish prompt- ly a full line of supplies; choice new stock just from the factory. Bees and Queens! We have larg-a apiaries of fine stock. Book your orders at once, as there will be a heavy demand this season. Cata- log sent free. Correspondence solicited. HOWKINS & RUSH 241 BULL ST. SAVANNAH, GA. 66 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE Jan. 15 Established 1873. Circulation 32.000. 72 pages. Semi- monthly. Gleanings in Bee Culture Devoted to Bees, Honey, and Home Interests. $1 per year. When paid in advance: 2 years, $1.50. 3 years, $2.00. 5 years, $3.00. Published by Thk a. I. Root Co., Medina, Ohio J. T. Calvert, Business Manager POSTAGE IS PREPAID by the publisher for all subscriptions in the United States, Hawaiian Islands, Philippine Islands, Guam, Porto Rico, Tutuila, Samoa. Shanghai, Canal Zone, Cuba, and Mexico. Canadian postage is 30c per year. For all other countries in the Postal Union add 60 cents per year postage. CHANGE OF ADDRESS. When a change of address is ordered, both the new and the old ad- dress must be given. The notice should be sent two weeks before the change is to take effect. DISCONTINUANCES.— The journal is sent until orders are received for its discontinuance. We give notice just before the subscription ex- pires, and further notice if the first is not heed- ed. Any subscriber whose subscription has ex- pired, wishing his journal discontinued, will please drop us a card at once; otherwise we shall assume that he wishes his journal continued, and will pay for it soon. -Any one who does not like this plan may have it stopped after the time paid for it by making his request when ordering. HOW TO REMIT. Remittances should be sent by Draft on New York, Express-order or Money-order, payable to order of The A. I. Root Company, Medina, Ohio. Currency should be sent by Regiscered Letter. AGENTS. Representatives are wanted in every city and town in the country. A liberal commission will be paid to such as engage with us. References required. Foreign Subscription Agents. Foreign subscribers can save time and annoy- ance by placing their orders for Gleanings with any of the following authorized agents, at the prices shown: PARIS. FRANCE. E. BONDONNBAU, 142 Faubourg St. Denis. Per year, postpaid. 7^ tr. GOODNA, QUEENSLAND. H. L. Jones. Any Australian subscriber can order of Mr. Jones. Per year, postpaid. 6/. DUNEDIN, NEW ZEALAND. ALLIANCE Box Co., 24 Castle St. Per year, postpaid, 6/. S53,700 Made by 0-HI-O Cooker Agents in 1905 selling the HIO^ a M IP combii^atiock Steam CooKer- BaKer. We have many agents making $5 to $10 daily- Write us and we will give you names of agents near by who are making at least $5 daily. We can easily prove that the "0-HI-O" is the best money-maker you ever heard of, and will make you more money than any thing you ever sold or are now selling. Write us at once and we will prove it. Guaranteed to save 50 per cent in fuel, labor, time, and provisions. A whole meal cooked over one burner on any style stove. It assures you deliciously cooked hot meals; SO days' trial. No intermingling of odors or tastes. Fine for use in summer cottages. A necessity every day of the year. The only healthful way to cook foods and breadstuffs. Handsomely illustrated catalog free. ••O-HI-O" COOKER CO. 908 Jefferson Av., Toledo, O. 1908 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 67 THE JANUARY Bee-keepers' Review comes as near beiny a " health number" as any issue yet printed, or that probably will be published Health is The Foundation of All Success, and two importbnt points are coverfd in this issue. Many of our ills come from imperfect digestion, and C. W Dayton, who has studied medicine as well as bee-keeping, points one great cause of imperfect di- gestion and faulty assimilation, and tells how to make and use a drink, with honey as a basis, that will al- most prove a cure-all for headaches, colds, neuralgia, and the many ills that result from indigestion. Then there is an article from the pen of T. B. Terry, the potato-specialist, telling how he Cured Himself of Rlieumatism, without medicine— simply by changing his ways of living. Then, to make sure there was no mistake, he W. Z. HUTCHINSON, went deliberately back to the old habits. The rheu- matism returned, only to be cured again when he reformed. ' ' Mr. Terry says that no one needs to have rheumatism if he lives right— and he tells how. Then there are the usual practical, helpful, bee- keeping articles from such men as Atwatt r, Town- send, Bingham, and J. E. Hand. Yes, and Mr. Doo- little tells how to produce a crop of the most Fancy of Fancy Comb Honey with no danger whatever from swarming. There are still a few sets left of the back numbers for 1907 that will be Sent Free if you send $1.00 for the Eerie ir for 1908. For $2 00 you can get these back numbers for 1907, the Review for 1908, and a copy of the book, Advanced Bee Culture. Book alone, $1.20. FLINT, MICH. At Just Halt Price ! The American Bee Journal, which is now a 32-page monthly, in its 48th year, is the oldest bee-paper in America. It is only 50 cents, but you can have it at just half price (for 25 cents) when taken with any one of the following list of standard bee- books: Dr. Miller's "Forty Years Among the Bees". $1.00 " Langstroth on the Honey-bee " 1 30 Cook's "Bee-keeper's Guide 1 20 " A B C and X Y Z of Bee Culture " 1.50 " Amerikanische Bienenzucht " (German) — 1.00 "Bees and Honey " (Newman) .50 Doolittle's " Scientific Queen-rearing " 50 (Leatherette Binding.) " Honey-Money Stories " (68-page pamphlet) .25 Just add 25 cents to any of the above prices, and we will mail you both the book and the Bee Journal for one year. Sample copy of Journal free. George W. York & Co. 118 W.Jackson, Chicago, III. r. SAVE EXPRESS ! SAVE FREIGHT! SAVE TIME! by ordering your supplies .^.Boston H. H. JEPSON, 1 82 Friend St. Phone Hay market 1 489- 1 THE BEE (Sb POULTRY INDUSTRIES DOVETAIL and go well together In poultry cuU ure the main thing is health, and Conkey's Poultry Remedies Are the World's Standard This is the season for Roup and the sneezing, wheezing, swollen headed fowls should be quickly restored to health, usefulness and profit. You cannot afford to experiment, so use CONKEY'S ROUP REMEDY Just a thimbleful in the drinking water and they cure themselves. Onr absolute giaarantee goes with it, and it meins your money back should it disappoint you. Conkey's Book on P»ultry Free for 4c instamps and names of two others interested. It solves the whole poultry problem and is worth dollars to any poultry raiser. GET IT TODAY, THE G. E. CONKEY CO. 315 OTTAWA BLDG .CLEVELAND, O. Conkey's Poultry Remedies are carried by A. I. Root Co. at their branches, New York, Philadel- phia, Washington, Chicago and Medina. FENCE SSSJ-ffi' 'Made of High Carbon Double Strength iCollcd A\'ire. Heavily Galvanized to prevent rust. Have ro agents. Sell at factory prices on 30 days' free trial. ;We pay all freight. 37 heifrhts of farm and poultry fence. Catalog Free. COILED SPRING FENCE CO. Box 101 Winchester, Indiana 68 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE Jan 15 Gleanings in Bee Culture E. R. Root, Editor A. I. Root Editor Home Department H. H. Root Ass't Editor Department Editors— Dr. C. C. Millkb, J. A. Gbkbn, Pbof. A. J. Cook, J. E. Crank, Loms H. Scholl, G. M. DOOLITTLB, R, F. HOLTEBMANN, " STKNOG." W. K MORRISON. CONTENTS OF JANUARY 15, 1908 HONEY MARK "^T 64 STRAYSTRAWS 77 Saloons and Crime .77 Moths 78 Hpather Honey 78 Entr ince at Corner of Hive 78 EDITORIAL 79 Pure-food Law in California 79 Labels on Tin 79 Glucose Business 79 Harrisburtr Convention 80 Candying of Honey 81 Variations in Honey 81 Sections, Split 82 CONVERSATIONS WITH DOOLITTLE 83 PICKINGS 84 Differences in Colonies 84 Nucleus Hives for Queen-rearin g 85 Wax-presses 85 Honev Market, To Build up 85 BEE-KEEPING IN THE SOUTHWEST 86 Honey Pricps 87 Hive-numbers f-7 GENERAL CORRESPONDE VCE 88 Granulation, Rapid 88 Amateurs, Scientific ^8 Williams, Susan E 88 Apiary under Roof * 89 Bee-keeping in Turkey Swarming, Natural Winter Cases of Paper Veils Entrance-controller, Weber's Entrances Clogging Hive-bottom, Double Feeding in the Fall Saginaw Convent ion Experiments, Cooperativi" Extractor Speed for. Strai' er inside of Extrac or Smokers, Valveless Supers, Comb-honey HEADSOFGRAIN Swarming, To Prevent Scout Bees Swarms and Scouts Bee-keeper at Fair Bees Moved with Open Entranc. Honey, No 2 Selling Hive-^craper of Buggy-spring . . . Wrapp'Ts,' Transparent Caucasians Cross Queens. Two in a Hive Pollen. R' d. from Aster OUR HOMES Wells, Blowing .IfO .100 .100 .100 .mo .101 .101 .101 .101 .101 .101 .101 .102 .102 .102 .102 .102 .103 .104 FARM AND GARDEN LABOB-S A VERS , The daily work of farmers, truckers, and market- gardeners isn't as hard as it used to be. The labor has been lessened, and at the same time results have been increased. A man can get more bushels of grain or truck from an acre of ground to-day than he could a few years ago, and he doesn't have to work so hard to do it. The adoption of up-to- date methods in which the federal government with its experiment sta- tions is aiding him. and the use of up-to-date tools, which the agricul- tural-implement mak- ers have put on the market, combine to take away the greater part of the drudgery that was formerly a necessary part of agricultural ef- fort. Along this line nothing has contributed so much as the tools known as the "Planet Jr." These implements not only lighten and lessen farm work, but they save seed, time, and money. The Planet Jr. tools for farm and garden have an establishfd reputation for quality as well as effi- ciency, and they are popular everywhere. They are used as successfully in Egypt and other foreign countries as they are in all sections of our own land They represent the most advanc d thought and ideas in farm-implement making, and hardly a year passes without the introduction of some new device or improvement to increase their usefulness to the man who tills the soil. S. L Allen & Co., of Philadelphia, make the Planet Jr tools, and they issue a handsome catalog describing them. You ought to have one of these catalof s, whether you think you need more tools or not. The book is generously illustrated with photo- graphic scenes showing modern methods of farming and gardening as it is actually beirg done with the Planet Jr. tools. If vou will drop a postal to S. L. Allen & Co., box 1106S, Philadelphia they will be pleased to send you one of these catalogs. Poultry Experts Show How to Make Money with Poultry and Incubators. Every farmer and farmer's wife in this country should consider the great ready cash profits of raising poultry in the easiest and most econom- ical, time-saving way, with incuba- tors and brooders which have for 10 years demon- strated their supe- riority over the hen. Poultry experts are absolutely agreed that the Cyphers Incubator Com- pany's patented machines Beginners — Experts and the Agricultural Experiment Stations are using Cy- phers machines successfully and recommend them. It will pay every reader of this paper to get the latest reliable facts on the poultry subject, by writ-, ing for the Cyphers Free 212-Page Catalog (8x11 in., larger than a magazine), which is most interesting in the decision of the subject of "How to Make Money with Poultry and Incubators." The catalog contains hundreds of illustrations, and describes the full line of Cyphers Supplies — everything for the poultry raiser. This, the biggest and best book of its kind, is free to you if you name this paper and send name and address of two ac- quaintances interested in poultry. Address Cyphers Incubator Company, Buffalo, New York, Boston, Chicago, Kansas City, Oakland, Gal., or London. Guaranteed Best Hatcher are the world's standarc 1908 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 69 $500.00 ACCIDENT INSURANCE POLICY I FARMERS' INSURANCE THAT REALLY INSURES. You may have had other chances to buy accident insurance that would protect you in elevators, on steamboats, and automobiles, but this is the. first chance you have ever had to get real protection in your ordinary work. This NEW $.500.00 POLICY was secured from the North American Accident Insurance Company, of Chicago, 111., (Surplus $331,498.66) the largest company in America handling this class of policies, after long negotiations. It took three months to induce the company to write the special features that were required to make it valuable for rural people. By buying the policies outright io very large quantities, it is now possible to offer it FREE with this remarkable practical combination of magazines. GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE, $1.00 the bee-keepers' favorite paper, FARM JOURNAL (five years), .75 the standard farm parer of the world, GARDEN MAGAZINE— FARMING, 1.00 a most beautiful, practical horti- cultural magazine. INSURANCE POLICY . . . for $2. m^^ - - -.=jS=S-^-^ ^5^ ?h1=^ss fcf^t^g ^^ ~:i^:z These nia^azinrs, if naid for separately, would cost you $2.75, but we can sell ALL THREE MAGAZINES with the NEW INSURANCE POLICY for ONLY $2.00. This is because the three publishers have combined for a subscription campaign. If each one sent you a separate letter it would cost us just three times as much as where we offer all three together. THE SAVING GOES TO YOU. If the policy is not wanted we can substitute any of the following: "Designer," "Housekeeper," " Ladies' World," " McCall's Magazine," " Mother's Magazine," or the Garden and Farm Almanac. WHY SHOULD YOU HAVE THESE PAPERS? BECAUSE GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE is the great paper in America devoted to bees and honey. If you have bees, or are going to get them (and everybody who lives in or near the country should have bees), you need the most reliable and latest information, and you want at the same time the simplest directions possible. You want the bf e business in a nutshell, and that is what Gleanings will give you. For the beginnerorthemostexpert it is equally valuable. BECAUSE FARM JOURNAL is far and away the foremost farm-paper in the world, a boiled-down, practical, help- ful, entertainint; monthly, built to make the rural homes of America more happy, prosperous, and contented, and already doing it for more than 500.000 homes. For farmers, villagers, or suburbanites. BECAUSE the most beautiful garden and horticultural publication in the world is the GARDEN MAGAZINE, full of sound sense, beautiful engravings from photographs, and fine printing. It has ten issues at 15 cents each and two at 25 cents each, per year, and the subscriber gets hi.s money's worth twice over. It is a delightful magazine, useful, stimu- lating, and ornamental. WHYSHOULDYOU HAVE THIS INSURANCE? Because you are in danger, every moment, of an accident which may cripple you for weeks, months, or for life; because the loss of an eye, a hand, or a foot, may mean destitution for yourself and your family; because this protection, for a full year costs you nothing whatever. WHAT THE POLICY PAYS: For Loss of Life $500.00 For Loss of Both Eyes, meaning entire and permanent loss of the sight of both eyes.. 500.00 For Loss of Both Hands, by actual and complete severance at or above the wrist 500.00 For Loss of Both Feet, by actual and complete severance at or above the ankle 500.00 For Loss of One Hand and One Foot, by actual and complete severance at or above the wrist and ankle 500.00 For Loss of One Hand, by actual and complete severance at or above the wrist I 25.00 For Loss of One Foot, by actual and complete severance at or above the ankle I 25. OO For Loss of One Eye, meaning entire and permanent loss of the sight of one eye 50.00 Provided such loss shall result within thirty days from date of accident, from accidental bodily injuries, solely and independently of all other causes, and covers accidents as follows: Being thrown from a mower by horses. Being hurt in an elevator or any publicconveyanee — train, Being Ivnocked down in tlie road by a wagon or automobile. trolley, boat, etc. Being luirt In a bicycle accidentj^or collision. Being injured In a runaway. Being hurt while operating corn-sheller. fodder-cutter, etc. Being frozen or frostbitten. Being caught In a burning building, house, or barn. Being Injured by robbers or burglars. Should the Assured obtain injuries in the manner specified above, which shall not prove fatal, but which shall im- mediately, continuously, and wholly disable and prevent the assured from performing each and every duty pertaining to any business or occupation, the Company will pay the Assured FIVE DOLLARS PER WEEK during the time of such disablement, but not exceeding six consecutive weeks for any one accident. NO DELAY OR EXAMINATION. The insurance goes into effect as soon as you receive the policy and mail back the coupon attached to it. There are no dues, taxes, premiums, or assessments of any kind whatever to be paid by you. We have paid everything In full. The three papers will begin at once, and will come to you each month till the time expires. THEN THEY WILL STOP, unless you order them renewed. Send us $2.00 by registered mail, or postofflce or express money- CI PAUIUCC |U DCC P||| TIIRP liPniMA fl orderto-dav. Money refunded to any dissatisfied subscriber. Address HLtHniHUO IW Dtt UULIunt, mtUIHH, U. 70 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Jan. 15 INDEX TO ADVERTISEMENTS. Banking by Mall. Savines Deposit Bank . 106 Bee-smokers. Danzenbaker, F 174 Bee Supplies. Blanke&Hauk 75 Bondonneau, E 72 Buck & Wilson, back cover. Falconer Mfg. Co... 118 Farmer, L. J 110 Graftam, G. S 74 Grainger, E. , & Go 72 Hilton, Geo. E 74 Howkins & Rush 6.5 Hunt & Son. M. H 72 Jenkins, J. M 74 Jepson, H. H 67 Minnesota Bee Supply Co 73 Nebel, J 73 Nysewander. .Tos. .y 65 Porter, R. & E. C 114 Pouder, Walter S 76 Prothero, Frank W 75 Root Co., Syracuse 73 Root Co., St. Paul 75 Stringham, I.J 74 Texas Seed and Floral Co 75 Toepperwein.U 105 Weoer, C. H. W 63 Woodman, A. G Ill Bees and Queens. Laws, W. H 65 Classified Advertisements- Bees and Queens 115 Bee - keepers' Direc- tory 116 For Sale 115 Help Wanted 115 Honey and Wax Want- ed 166 Honey and Wax for Sale 116 Real Estate for Bee- keepers 116 Situations Wanted 1B5 Poultry Offers l55 Wants and Exchange .116 Comb Foundation Dittmer, Gus 74 Household Specialties. Best Light Co Ill Ohio Cooker Co 66 Machinery Allen, S. L 108 Barnes, W. F Ill Deming Co Ill Miscellaneous. Allen, W.F Ill Ames Plow Co 108 Burpee, W. A 110 Coiled Spring Fence Co 67 Deen Loom Co., back cover. Electric Wheel Co Ill Flansburg & Potter. . . . 110 Fouts & Hunter, front cover. Gardner Nursery Co. . 109 German Nurseries 110 Green's Nursery Co — 107 Hildreth & Segelken. . . 65 Hotel Cumberland 106 Hough, F. H Ill Kalamazoo Stove Co. . . 108 Mitchell & Son HI Mugler Engraving Co . . 1 1 1 Myers, F. E HI National Biscuit Co... 65 National Fur Co 107 Ohio Carriage Co 108 Olds Seed Co 110 Potato Implement Co .110 Rawlings Imp. Co 117 Ratekin's Seed House. 109 Reliance Nursery Co . . .109 Roesch. L 110 Scarff, W. N 109 Seagraves, C. L 106 Shumway. R. M 109 Storrs & Harrison 109 Williamson, C. J 106 Poultry Supplies. Belle City Inc Co 112 Berry's Poultry Farm. 114 Brenner. J. J... ..113 Cycle Hatcher Co 113 Cyphers Inc. Co 68 Conkey, G. E 67 Des Moi nes Inc. Co 112 Ertel, G 112 Fisher, R. R 106 Gem Incubator Co — 112 Greider, B H Ill Humphrey Clover Cut- ter 113 Johnson, M. M 113 Mann, F W H3 Miller, J. W., Co 112 Neubert, R. F 113 Racine Hatcher Co 112 Stahl, G. H 112 Stratton Mfg. Co 113 Sure Hatch Inc Co 112 United Factories Co.. .112 Wisconsin Inc. Co 112 Publishers, Bee-Journal Falconer Mfg.Co., back cover. Hutchinson, W. Z 67 York & Co., Geo. W.... 67 The A. I. Root Co..-— Please take out my ad't. The machine is sold. Thanks for your kindness. Crawfordsville, Ind., Jan. 10. W. H. Kerb. Wanted.— To exchanee Cypher's incubator. W. H Kebr, Crawfordsville, Ind. Hundreds of our subscribers have articles, imple- ments, etc., for which they have use no longer, which could easily be disposed of by a little adv't in our classified columns. Rates, 25 cts. per line per issue. On page 74 appears the advertisement of a new firm located at Bangor, Maine. They handle Root bee-supplies and sell at factory prices, allowing all quantity and early-order discounts. They have fine shipping facilities and would be pleased to handle a trial order from you. Give special attention to their offer for the coming year concerning bee liter- ature. Catalog and circulars will be mailed free upon request by Geo. S. Graffam & Bro., Bangor, Maine. AN OLD RKLIABIiB SEED FIBM. We have just received the annual catalog of that old reliable seed-house, D. M. Ferry & Co , Detroit, Mich. The cover pages are handsome color illus- trations of scenes in Belle Isle Park, in Detroit. The firm of Ferry is so well known to all gardeners and farmers that it is almost a work of supereroga- tion to make any remarks about thpm. Their trade extends from the Atlantic to the Pacific, and from Hudson's Bay to the Gulf of Mexico — and, in fact, further, for they send seeds to the islands < 1 the sea. They do a large business in farmers' seeds for the vegetable-garden. In addition the farmers' wives also buy considerable quantities of flower- seeds for the proper adornment of the rural home. Some good housewives will have none but Ferry's seeds. When you send for their catalog, mention this journal. THE " OLD TBUSTY " INCUBATORS. One of the most reliable poultry concerns we know of is the M. M. Johnson Co., of Clay Center, Neb , who manufacture the well known Old Trusty incubators. One of the important features of these incubators is the California redwood of which they are made. This is one of the best furniture woods known, having the striking advantage of not ex- panding with the wet atmosphere nor contracting with a dry one. It is, furthermore, a wood of great durability and beauty, being much used by piano- makers. Another valuable feature of this machine is the absence of the lever arm on top, which gene- rally happens to be in the way, more especially when some person throws his overcoat or hat down on the incubator. It is also out of the sight of meddlesome children who are generally interested in incubators. These two features alone are surely sufQcient to show that Mr. Johnson is no " chicken" at the chicken business, and that hs is in earnest in trying to furnish his customers the very best ma- chine that money can buy. He issues a nice cata- log which is free for the asking. When you send for it, kindly mention Gleanings. THE DETROIT DISC HABROW. Disc machines are the order of the day in the farm- ing world. Plows and harrows of this type are car- rying all before them. Among the very best is the Detroit tongueless disc harrow advertised on back cover page. It certainly has features which appeal strongly to the practical man who is looking for something which will do his work with the least ex- penditure of force, time, and money. One of the prominent features of the Detroit is that it is tongue- less. For this reason it is easier to handle and is less troublesome to the horses. Another valuable feature is that the discs can be lifted up out of the way very readily and easily. This prevents dulling the discs when the machine is on the road going from one field to another, or to and from the barn and the land to be cultivated. Having no tongue it is easily handled among fruit- trees— something of a boon to fruit-growers. It is unnecessary for us to explain all the features of this harrow, because the manufacturers send free a book which fully explains all the main points of superior- if". It is wortn sending for. The makprs The American Harrow Co.. 468 Hast- ings St . Dttroi- , Mich., have branch-houses through which they ship to save freight. They also sell on tie installment plan lo suit the views of some pa- trons. Some of our foreign readers would probably find a perusual of their catalog very intTesting. Send for a catalog and mention Gleanings. 1908 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 71 r THE DIVERSITY OF OUR READERS' WANTS. Ten years ago the large advertising agencies placing advertising for miscellaneous goods such as farm implements, vehicles, fencintr, etc., gave us sligbt consideration under the mistaken idea that bee- keepers were not Interested in the lines other than relat Ing to their special trade. When it is remembered that the avf rage bee-keeper is also a farmer, a gardener, fruit-grower, or belongs to any of a hundred other well-known occupations it will be seen at once that he is just as good a purchaser as any one, and the chances are that he may be better. The advertisements reproduced below are selected from some of the smaller ad's run within the past year, showing what a diversified class can find it profitable to use our columns : ^ MATTHEWS' "NEW C TOOLS IN ONE UNIVERSAL" GARDEN TOOLS Double or Single Wheel Hoe e styles Seeders I Toolfc AMES PLOW COMPANY. 88 MARKET STREET, BOSTON. MASSACHUSETTS 10 DAYS FREE TRIAL h^ryrlfl. and X&^-e IdArned oar unA«afii o/ iiax •nil hs lent Tnu free postpaid by TLKCS.Coajter-BralEev.eoilfc itEAD OtOUC CO, 0«pL w2it CHICAflO DEMiNG SPRAYERS Model leo tor nieciint. elc. THE "BEST LIGHT If you will examine previous statements made on this page you will find some different examples of the protitalile results secured from the use of our columns. ADVERTISING DEPARTMENT GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE, MEDINA. 0. j 72 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE Jan. 15 WE OFFER THE FOLLOWING LIST OF GOODS AT THE EXCEED- INGLY LOW PRICES TO CLOSE OUT OUR STOCK: 80 Danz. 10-frame nailless covers, flat, and metal-bound at ends to prevent warp- ing, at 15 cts. each. 20 C hive-stands and bottom-boards combined, 10-frame, flat, at 21 cts. each. 30 C hive-stands and bottom-boards combined, 8-frame, flat, at 19 cts. each. 18 lbs. thin super foundation, 4|xl2|, at 55 cts. per lb. 8 sheets Root zinc, 28x96, square holes, at $1.00 each. 35 chaff-trays for Root 8 frame chaff hives, at 16 cts. each. 1 Taylor comb-leveler at 60 cts. 75 chaff division-boards, flat, at 10 cts. 50 8-8 shallow extracting-supers, with shallow frames, at 33 cts. 25 8-10, as above, at 37 cts. 1 6-in. Root foundation mill, good con- dition, $8.00. All goods f. o. b. cars our station. Our stock of the latest Root goods is complete. Send your name and address for 1908 catalog. Note the January discount is 3% ^ . . H. HUNT & SON REDFORD, MICH. TO THE BEE-KEEPERS OF CANADA. WE are pleased to say that we are able to offer, in Canada, goods manufactured by The A. I. Root Co. While we do not offer every thing listed in their catalog, we have se- lected such articles as we believe will best meet the wants of the Canadian bee-keepers. The heavy duty and freight charges we have to pay make it impossible for us to sell in Can- ada at Root's prices. We have, however, made prices as low as possible, and in no case do we charge nearly as much extra as the amount of freight and duty we ourselves have to pay on the goods. We would ask you, when comparing our prices with those of other dealers, to take into consid- eration the QUALITY. If you do so we feel satistied that you will place your order with us. The splendid quality of the material sent out by The A. I. Root Co. has given " Root's Goods " a world-wide reputation. Remember, The best is cheapest." E. GRAINGER & COMPANY, Deer Park, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. CANADIAN AGENTS FOB THB A. I. BOOT CO., MEDINA, OHIO, U. S. A. BIENENZUCHTER! von Deutschland, Sehweiz, Oesteprelch, u. s. w., senden Sle fuer unsere 1907 Ppelsllste von Bienenwohnungen, Rauchapparaten, Honigschleudern, Handschuhen, Bienenschleiern, Walzwerken, Futterapparaten, Porter's Bienenflucht, Fluglochschiebern fiir Kasten, Koniginnenabsperrgittern, Weiselkafigen, Schwarmfangbeuteln, Entdecklungsmessern, Dampfwachsschmelzern, Wa benenentdecklungsappa- raten, und alien anderen Bienengeratschaften der A.I. ROOT COMPANY Gr'osste Fabrik Ihres glelchen In der Welt EMILE BONDONNEAU General Vertreter fiir Europa und Kolonien 142 Faubourg Saint Denis, Paris, lOme. 1908 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. LET US SEND YOU 73 An Outfit for Making A Start in Bee-keeping AN OUTFIT composed of five of our divisible-brood-chamber -^~^ hives, with Danz. supers in the flat, including a Standard Smoker, Veil, ABC Book, with one year's subscription to Glean- ings IN Bee Culture, can be furnished for an even $15.00. This outfit will be shipped promptly by freight or express on receipt of $15.00. Syracuse, The A. I. Root Co., New York. WE DO NOT SELL ROOT'S SOPPLIES So many advertisers in Gleanings in Bee Culture sell supplies bought from the Root Co. that to explain away a false impression we are compelled to state that we are not jobbers, but mannfacUirers. We make all the Bee-supplies we sell. Minneapolis is the largest lumber-distributing point in America. We buy lumber to advantage; we manufacture by water-power; we have lowest freight rates, and we sell on manufacturer's profit basis. Let us quote you prices. MINNESOTA BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLY COMPANY DEPT. 22 MINNEAPOLIS, MINN. Keepyour onthisad. We intend to keep a full stock of The A. I. Root Co.'s goods on hand this season, as we have in the past. When in need of bee-supplies, write us. Get our catalog at once. For prompt shipments and good service, we are at your command. JOHN NEBEL & SON SUPPLY CO., HIGH HILL, MONTGOMERY CO,, MISSOURL 74 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Jan. 15 What's the Matter With Hilton? WHY, HE HAS A LOT OF SUP- PLIES HE WANTS TO LET YOU HAVE WITHIN THE NEXT SIXTY DAYS AT A DISCOUNT, TO MAKE ROOM FOR THE NEXT SEASON'S GOODS. JUST SEND A LIST OF WHAT YOU WANT AND GET ES- TIMATE. IF YOU HAVEN'T HIS FORTY-PAGE ILLUSTRATED CAT- ALOG, SEND FOR IT AT ONCE. CASH OR SUPPLIES FOR BEESWAX AT ALL TIMES GEORGE E. HILTON FREMONT, MICHIGAN MAKE UP YOUR ORDER from any catalog nf Root's goods published this year; deduct the early-order discount. a.wA send us the order with remit- tance to cover amount. The goods will be forwarded to you by the shortest route at once. Our specialty is bee literature. Make a list of the bee books and journals you intend buying this year at publishers' prices. Deduct 10 per cent; or If the total is more than $10.00, 15 per cent. Send us the net amount and we will send the books pre- paid. Catalog and price list of bee-supplies, bee-books, and honey free. Geo. S. Craffam & Brc, Bangor, Maine WE KEEP IN STOCK IN NEW YORK CITY a large line of BEE-SUPPLIES and allow a liberal discount at this season. Catalog free. I. J STRINCHAM, Apiaries, Glen Cove, L.I. 1 05 Park PI.. N. Y City. Northern New York Bee-keepers, 3^ PER CENT DISCOUNT. We have a large stock of shipping-cases and feeders, and all orders for same will be filled promptly. Bees- wax and old combs wanted; cash or trade; 3J it discount during the month of Jan. on every thing but cases and feeders. Comb honey wanted; write stating how put up, kind, andlowest cash pricedeliver'dinWatertown,N.Y. A. H. REEVES & CO.. No 3 State St., WATERTOWN. N. Y. THE DANZENBAKER SMOKER PAT. OCT. 3, 'OS, JUNE 4, '07 GOLD MEDALS St. Louis P'xposition, 1904 Jamestowu Kxposition, 1907 IS THE BEST. STRONGEST. COOLEST. CLEANEST. CHEAPEST. AND LARGEST SMOKER SOLD FOR A DOLLAR The perforated side grate seen above holds a removable, metal, asbestos-backed fire shell, preventing burning the tin off the outer case, and deflects the air at right angles, preventing back draft to the valveless bellows. The air, passing to the back and over the top, cools and expels the smoke, fanning the burning fuel at top or side till all consumed, giving cool smoke for hours from one filling. It can't clog. No top-heavy cap to choke with soot : no valve to fail ; no holes shedding .^iparks or hot ashes. Four years' sales prove its success beyond a doubt, expensive dies making it uniformly per- fect a.o possible to devise. We confidently guar- antee full satisfaction or refund the price. Price, $1 .00 ; 3 for $2.50 ; by mail, add 25c. eacK Send address of yourself and Bee friends for 8-page leaflet on "Smoker," and facts about Bees and Queens, 80 pages, free. F. DANZENBAKER. Norfolk. Va- 1884 1908 Root's Goods always in stock FOR YOU Twenty-two successful years manu- facturing bee-supplies and raising Italian bees and queens Root's Goods in Stock. J. M Jenkins Dittmer's — COMB FOUNDATION is the best, not because we say so, but be- cause the bees prefer it to other makes. Dittmer's Process is Dittmer's ' It has built Its reputation and established Its merits on Its own foundation and its own name. We make a specialty of working wax into foundation for cash. Write for free catalog, and prices on full line of supplies. GUS.DITTMER CO., Augusta,Wis. 1908 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 75 JOBBERS FOR Central Pennsylvania ROOTSGOODS TRY THE DANZ. COMB-HONEY HIVE The Danzenbaker hives I got last season have given splendid satisfaction; in fact, I have kept my bees outside this winter, which is seldom attempted in Manitoba, and up to date they have come through in splendid shape. I think the hive did it. Yours truly, Laurence C. Clarke. Morden, Man., March 5, 1907. Send for catalog. Best ship- ping facilities in the State. Frank W. Prothero Dubois, : : : Pennsylvania At St. Louis On a Line to all points in the South and Middle West. Send for our free illustrated catalog of Root's Bee-supplies We sell at factory prices. Send us a trial order. Beeswax Wanted. Blanke & Hauk Supply Co. DEPT. B, 1009-11-13 Lucas Ave. St. LOUJS, MO. Manufacturers and Jobbers of Dairy, Creamery, ice-cream, and Poultry Supplies. Northwestern Bee-keepers! We are headquarters for the ROOT supplies for the States of Montana, Min- nesota, the Dakotas, and Western Wis- consin. You can save freight by ordering from this branch. A complete line of bee-keepers' supplies always in stock. Secure a catalog at once. BEES and QUEENS.— Your orders will be attended to. The A. I. Root Company H. G. ACKIilN. MANAGER 1024 Mississippi Street, St. Paul, Minn. North Texas Bee-keepers will find Dallas the best point from which to purchase sup- plies. We have a carload of ROOT'S GOODS IN STOCK, and sell them at the Factory Prices. Don't forget that we can furnish any thing in the way of Field or Garden Seeds, Plants, and Poultry Supplies. Our large illustrated catalog for 1908 free on application. Mention Gleanings when you write TEXAS SEED AND FLORAL COMPANY Dallas, : : . Texas 76 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Jan. 15 ■" If goods are 'v%rante