N

I

GiLLtcUiius G^ aivi&rj onuj. yEtat^u^. 6^

Etfi Jc ruj<^ quodyf&mfovt

GRAPHICE

The ufe of the Pen and PenfiL

OR,

THE MOST EXCELLENT ART

OF

PAINTING

In Two PARTS.

By William Sanderson, Efq;

LONDON, Printed for Robert Crofts , at the figne of the Croirn in

Chancer) 'Lane J under Serjeant's Ime. 1658.

Ofitbe Vidim^ oj the Author ,

U SANDERSON.

LEt others ftyle this P age 2i Chronicle', Others, Arts Myftery ^ let a /^r^ fort .dwell Upon the curious neat Artificcy and fwear, The Sun near faw a Shaddovo half fo rare. He outfaies All^ who lets you underftand ,

The HeadisSanderfons J Fatherns the Hand,

THO. FLATMAN,

Inn. 'temp. Load.

PREFACE

MAT he cenfured byfome perfons , who ha've k^iown me bufie the woji part of my life ^ to find meat leafure now in my faji daies, Q under the difcipline of ■Pro'vidence) to fct out this fubjeSi of Painting.

It is an Art 1 never pro fefjed : Thcfe Readings are gathered at my Study , accompanied with obfervatians which I met with beyond Seas^ and other Notions, pich up from excellent Art'iz^ns abroad ^ andhere at home i not without fome experience by my own private praSiife , and altogether fuiiing my Genius. IPhichgave me oc- cafion to fay fomervhat to our Painters, with their ap- probation , and defire , to reduce that difcourfe into a Method , legible to all , and fo to render it projitable to theTublick't it being a swell delightfull to be read ^ as ufefullfor praCiice^Q fpeakjo Lovers of this Art^not to MaftersJ: Tet^not altogether uncocemmg the ordinary Ar tizan, who fe former InJiruSiions (hitherto) not rea- ching unto h^iowkdge^ rather hinders his progrefjion from ever being excellent i himfelf(^ perhaps J unac- quainted with his owwfpirit , cannot fo reudily rife to ejiimation , though he labour much to make it his profef- jion : For, the invention or election if the means, may be more cffeBual^tban any inforcement or accumulation of endeavours. Not that I defire to derogate from the wor- thy intentions of any , that have deferved well in the condition of this elaborate Art. But I obferve, that their Pieces are rather worlds of labour , and alike to what hath been done, than of progreffion and proficiency i

the

the fame things nmltiplied^ not new y nor rare , talking them the ordinary rvay , rvithont ad^vancing to thefor~. tner^in n/anner or /natter. For^ allworJ\s art majiered either by i. Amplitude of Keward. 2. ^^ foundncfs of Diredionj or, 5. By conjun.dion of Labour, And therefore I could wif) , that the excellency of Painting, were higher pri'^ed , better taught , and more worl{mefi. The firft multiplieth eadea-z/onrs^ the fecond pre^eateth errour^ and the third fnpplieth the frailty of man. But thechiefeji ofthefe^ is Direction in Painting. Iha'z/e therefore endeai/oured to enlighten him J into theThcory of ^/je fir ft Book , diftingui fhed from the profitable pra- Bife. which defcends to the fecond Book j and the Heads of all contained in an I ndc\, prefixed to the whole^ fitted ■with Cuti and? nntSj proper to their ^'ections , for the apt apprehenfton of the i'unic , by which he cannot ea- fily mifcottcei've my meaning.

Such as they are , I fend abroad to your judgments , rpho are the beji Proficients^ and merit the Maflery j that J 0^ the my ft ery of this wonderous Art, and your artificial] workings ( a fecret inconfiHing with co^imott capacities } may hereby be fofar re'vealed to mens admi- rations 3 as to be fir ft underftood, and then how to be va* lued. Not unproperly for ufe J to thofe ingenious Op'i- fits, whohd<venowdltobe ignorant in any Art ^ that does not mif-become the Student'/ »?/>, nor mif-befeem the quality of a Gentlcraan ^ that intends to entertain Attendants , Handmaids to the Sciences of Liberal].- Learning.

W. Sanderson.

Reader,

KEADEFx.,

Ith much Coft and Art , orderly to this Impreflion- I iabourcdtobc furnifhed from beyondJeas , with Cuts and Trints^ proper for fevcrall SeBions ; But the watchful P irate plundered the pafTengers , and that Car^afoon oipapers , which makes them failing in this Work, and crave excute till the next Edition With iuch other, and fome farther enlargement' In the mean time, the PraBitioner may be furnifhed at Mr. Fathern^ , ('a Graver, without Temple-bar ) and at other Print-fellers, wirh fuch Cms and Prhns 33 may lerve his own private ufe for this whole Book*. which could not be gotten by me in Efi^land, for fo many tlmtfands of frims , as the freffe of this Editi. on would contain^ onely three or four fUtesl have met with^ which are here inferted for Example.

And for the Art of fainting in Glajfe , as alfo the excellency of Gra'ving and Etching , in Copper or Wood, with the manner of Prw/iff^ thofefrefe/in feverall colours, may foon be made publick , as this Book^i\di acceptance.

W, Sanderfon,

To

V

*,;'> *'J<> *'4«s> <^ ♦j** *^'* **^** *li** *'^'0 «^ C-^** €^ «** ■

To Mr. Sanderfon, the Author of this

Bytji^, The Art o{ Painting.

VYMUS^fcarce fihip^y iy Apcllcs death , H'as Lj her Pain tcr {juit) deprivd of Breath. Tat titers nor Pi'dures were there ar.y fuch^ 'D;flingu:Pja^le onely Ly the Touch.

None could cotrpleat It, when that Vie was gone j 7 his Book nas vpihttng^ elfe it had bcea doiue j n h'ch teacheth liuclkdualls, Hands, <2/r^ Eyes, To value, work} <i«^/ view //.v/;' faculties,

Prometheus i>y his {ar-(et ch' d fainedVite ,

y//fo his moulilings(u/iff} djdliicitjfpirf.

Your /!if/fy c'/j'rH us ro rt ucvi that toiler

Aud to give life by Vv'ater, and by Oy le.

Your Pen escelh the Pcnlil, nh'tlfi you write y You/«//fo Venus in your Black 4/s^ White,

R. P.

Upon our Englifli "Zeuxis , W^. 5tf»-

^(pr/(3/7, Efquire.

POets rfWPainters dare do much, andean Fai.oy a Man a Bcaft, a Bcaft 4 Man. But when thcmfeh cs arefuljeHSi and the Quil Describes the Penfil, there s the tryall oth'Skill.

H'hen that fierce Ovid mu^ a Zeuxis //jfn? , e^/>(/Ver(efo Shapes j^/i-f enteriieiv : ' lis tiOi oi.e Mufc mlifer'^ej hut the whole Nire^ A hd father Vi'icehus too tnu}t prompt clirie.

As hr^ that pourtraiBii'io the Horfes foam ,

Difpairi^'gy that to life it e're would come :

Ihrew his farrid PcnfiU at the lery Bitt

O'th ' Brunei andfo a cafuall {roth did hit^ In

Infuch an exaBfigure^that lookers on

Feard., that the e/rops-, themfehes would fall upon.

So it mufl he fame Proiidehtiall^reWy And an ex^atick fancy, and rap' t lein^ Betnixt Defpair tfWlnfpiration, That fits the Zeuxis of our Nation.

tPhat Colours in our Rhelorick^ canfijoip

Thine^ which more various are-^ than thofe 'ith Bow ?

If in Grotefco, or tn Landskip thow

Exprejfe thy skilly rvee're in a wood / 'Vow ,

jindlofe our felvesin thy feign d Groves, andvierv^ And mfh the Milk-wench^ and her fine teg too : Such lively fireams her fnowy hand doth jlroke From the milk'd Cow, that Calves they do provoke To loufp for paintedl'catSiand Sheep do gaze On the deluding Commons^ and would graze.

Then fince thou canjl deceive allfubtlefi fenfe, And art a Zeuxis offuch excellence, I will admire thy parts, and cofendie : But for to write thee, let't alone for me.

EDMOND GAYTON.

On the noble Art of PAINTING.

STrikc a bold ftroke (my Mufe / ) and let me fed Thou fcar'ft no colours in thy Poetry, Fer Pidures are dumb Poems; they that write Befi Poems , do hut paint in Black and White.

The PenfiU's Amulets forbid to die^ Andvefi us with afair Eternity, tfhat think ye of the gods, to whofe huge name The Pagans howd their humble knees > whtnce came Their immortalities, but from a Shade , But from thofe Pourtraidures the Painter made ^ They faddled Jo\c's fierce Eagle like a Colt , ^Ind made him grafp in s fiftd Thunderbolt. Painters did all ; Jove had (at their command) Spur da jackdAWyandhelda Switch in's hand.

n-e

'I'be dcmi-gocls, attci all their glories ^ be Apcllcs dfliours, for thfir deity.

Oborv the Catholicks crofje themfelveSi and throng Jrounda Crucifix / when all along Thac'j hilt 4 Pidlure. How thefpruce trim Lafle, Dtteion A Picture in the Looking-glafli } e^rJ how ifiejfable's the Pcafant'j joy^ Mien he has drawn his Pidure in his Boy. Bright Angels condefcerid to [hare a part, jind borrow glorious Plumes from our rare Art, Kings triumph in our fackclorh, Monarchs hear Reference tour Canvafe 'bo^e the Robes they wear. Great Fortunes, large Elates , (for all their noife) Are nothing in the world hut painted toies. 7''6' Egyptian Hicroglyphicks, Pidures he , j^nd Painting taught them all their A. B. C. The Presbyterian, /^'Independent foo, All would a co\om have tor what they do. And who fo juft, that does not fometimes try. To turn pure Painter, and deceive the eye ?

Our honeft flcight oih^nd^revailes with all j Hef.ce fprings an emulation generall, Mark how the frettji<:mSL[(i-&n\{!istry^ To l"hamc ^or Nature with an Indian dif. ^^ "^ (JUark how the Snail with's grave majefiickpaee. Paints earth's green Waftcoat with a filver Jace.

But (Jtnce all Rjjymthes are dark:,and feldom go mthout the Sun) the Sun's a Painter too j (Heavn's fam'dViindy]fic)the S\xn,he paints ('tis clear) Twelve fignes throughout the Zodiack e^ery year : Tis He, that at the fpicy Springs gay birth Makes Pcnfils of his Beames, and paints the Earth ; He Limn's the Rainbow, when itftrutt^s fo proud Ujjon the Dufky fur face of a Cloud j Ke daubes ihe Ntoors, and when they {wcat with toil ' fis the/i He paints them All at length in oile j The llufbingfruits, theglojfe offiowrs fo pure Owe their varieties to his Miniature.

Tet^ what's the Sun > each thing where e're we g3 tt'ould he a Rubens, or an Angelo. Gaz.e up,fome winter-riighti and you" I (onfejjet Heaven'5 a Urge Gallery of Images. Thenjioop dowK to the ^unhy wonder, an^fean. The Mafter-piece of th'ahole Creation^ Man : Man, that exaB Originall in eacblimh, AndWomzn, that fair Copy d,aw>ifrom him.

b K'hat

fyhac e're jve fee's one Bracelet , rvhofe each Bead

Is cemented^ and hafnis h Waincino's thread.

Thus (like the foul oth'world) our lubtle Art ,

Injinuates it felf through evety part.

Strange Rarity 1 which cahft the Body /4x;f,

From the coorfe ufa2_e in a fullen grave ,

Tet never make it Mummic! Strange.^ that hand-,

Tfjatfpans and circumscribes the Sea and Land ;

that drawes from death to i\\\\k-)Without a Spell,

As Orpheus ^/^Eurydice/zorn Hell. But all my Lines are rude, and all fuch praife Dead coIour'dnonfenfe.Painters/(ror«/?/^fcfBaies. ^

Let the great Art commend i t felf, and then Toul praife the PenfiU, and deride the Pen.

T. Flatman, lately Fellow of New Coll. Oxo« ; now /««- Temp. Lond»

To the exquifitely Ingenious, W. SANDERSON Efq.

On his Book oi Fainting in Water -Colonrs,

Great Artift,

\J\ J Hen Ifarp thy ROYAL STORY , \/ y (That Theater ere8edfor thy glory )

t flood amazd at each Majcftick line,

And deem'd each iyllable therein Divine^

Thinking Thee AU-Hiftorian: But now.

Thy Protean Pen confirains me to allow.

The Diadem of Arts ^««^Sciences to Thee ;

Their vanquijh'd depths confeffe Thy Soveraigniy.

ffhofe abfolute Dominion can dethrone

The Reft, and fix fupremacy in One

(Rare MINIATURE; whofe glittering Trophies ji and,

Reard hy the learn'd endeavours of" Thine hand.

Thy \Na.teT-Co\ouisjhall out-brave the Fire,

And dare couragioufly confront Jove's ire.

Yourfame/jbtf// (fpite o/Proverbs ) make it plain, To write in Water's not to write in vain.

Clarijfi

mo

Clarijjimo viro Guilielmo SsLnderfono^Arth

^ Zoographica excultori Celeberrimo,

OUis prccor hie ? iterumne Orbicomparet>^/>^//(fj? Anne maais radio Piftor jifollo fuo > Neuter adeftj fed uterque tamen: fed major utroque

Sive homines lubeat pingere five Dcos ? Pingcndi heicftupido proftcnt cum vifcera mundo

Vifccra, Primxvis impenetranda Sophis. Forma, & Norma reccns-, Artique Ars addita prifcae ;

EtpiduraOftronobiliorc nitens Cunda fuis fpcciofa notis, renovata Colorum

TempcriesjRadii Daedala forma novi, Authorii Gcniumj 11 non depingcre, faliem

Fas Vati aeternis pangcre Carminibus, "* Plaudite Pidiorcs i Patremque agnofcite 5 vobis

Ludus eric, prilcis quod fuit ante labor. Obruat expofitas ne forte litura FabelJas,

Pifturx Archetypon nobile,Pi(aor,habe.

Anticiffime fcripftt amicus charijpmui ,

GUILIELMUS MoORHEAD.

A torn laudato laudariUusmtvera*

' ^'\^^5« V\^0 1 M ' nA^«Ij\ 'A\!^ \

•.\

GRAPH ICE

OR,

The ufe of the Pen and Petifill,m 'Defigning^

Drawing, and Fainting-^ with an exadi Difcourre of each of them.

AS ALSO,

Concerning Miniature or Lmmng , in Water-Co-

lours : The Names, Natures, and Properties of

Colours : The ordering, preparing, wa-

iWngj and uling them , tor Pifturcs of Life jLandskipy and Hilary,

AS ALSO ,

OiCroyons , or Dry-Colours , by fa^ills or Tovp. ders I Xhc way of making them, and working with them: With rare Receipts and Obfervations, of the beft U^fafiers of this Art.

In ttpo Taru,

With fome Cuts and Prints , proper to each ScSiiott.

By William SANDERSON,Efq;

LONDON,

Printed for Robert Crofts , at the (igne of

the Crown in Chancery-Lme , under Serjeant's Inne, i6 58.

>

In EfEgicm Caroli^ Nuper-Regis,

INdiges heic quorfum proftat tibiCarolujl Anne Hunc qnod ames? vel quod tc redatnaritj erat? Anne quod Effigiem fubrepti Martyris, Orbis Qua patetj indomito more & honore colat j?

Anne, quod hanc rcliquis C dum vixecat } Artibus

Artem Praetulerit^ Genio difcute, Mome^tuo

Cunda fimul num vera ficnt, non dirimit Author,

Cui fatis eft 5phyngem folverepoflefuam.

G. M.

GRAPHICE:

O R

The ufe of the Pen and Penfil •

In the mofl Excellent tArt of PAINTING.

He moft excellent ufe of the Pern-) and Pen- Pen and Pen. fii, isillnftrated by the admirable Art of ^H Mzub^L Dramrtg^ and Pabittng ^ and perfedly defi- ned, to be the Imitation of the Surface of Na~ tu/e, in Proportion and Colour.

By Mathematicall Demonftratlon oi Globes^ SphereSjCbarts, Mapps,Cofmo£raphicallj Geogra- pbicall, Chcroj^raphicall, and Hydro^rapbicalL

Or, by particular defcription oiPlotts, FortificationSiFotmQS o^Batalta's, Scituation of towness Ca^leSy Forts, Lands^ Roch, Afountaines, Seas, llands, Rivers,

Or, by riiapcs of Creatures 5 Oi'fen, and Beap , Birdsj and Fiji^es.

Or, by Vegetahlei j Fruits, Flowers^ Hearbs. In all, it preferrs likeneffe to the Li <?, and conferves it, af- ter Death \ and altogether by the Senfe of Seeing^

Of the Five Senfes,

THe number of Senfes, in this Aficrocofm , or little mrld ofMauj do correfpond to the p'jt Bodtes^ in thegreat jvorldi as

Si^t, to the Hea-jetis, Of tlte 6re

Smellifig, to the Fire. Scnfcs.

Hearingito the Ayire. Tafiing to the f^rater. Touching-, to the Earth.

B I

"The Excellent (lAti

I have lamented the^f/cff, thatttioft Men mif-underftand the true ufe and perfedlions of the fences ^ when the advan- tage of our Realbn prefers us before ordinary Creatures^ that cnpy them in common.

How many men that have Organs^ and do hear > yet can- not diftinguiOi the Excellency oiMuficall founds , and find not the defed? "

As many, who have the fcnfe of Touching^ that labour not their hands to the things that are good.

Thofe that can /^fZ/jyetprofeffe their ignorance in the de- licacy of fweet odours\,!LnA conceive no more benept thereby, than others, who are fatisfied with a/?i«f^.

To cram the Belly-, & fill th^gutt, difeafeth NatMre,wt\tho\xt apprehenfion of health in a choyfe diet^or,\n difference of TVi/Zy

And there arefeverall notorious degrees of (in depending on the extream fruition of thofe Fojver , which taints both , ^oc/y and w/»(5^ with impurity.

But in my Opinion, the whole PVorld^znA all the formes of Sight thft beft i^^iftyg may be fafely comprehended, by the rojalty of exter- naWfiqht^ ( / here being a. LordMp of the Sye^ which as it is a range- inq-,irnpetuQus^ and u\'uf ping Se/.^^e.^ can indure no narrouc circum- fcrifcioii, but mull be fed with extent and lariety to the glory of the Cre^tour, ( and yet without prejudice to the rcafonableCrea- ture)ex:cept in the mil-ufe ot looking with L«/i,after that,wct> is none of his, Lafcivioafy y Co'^etuoujiy^SJiperjtitiou/ly^ To which poffibilitie ot Mif-application-i not otfCly, Xhoie Sez'en- liherall Ay s, but the higheft/;fy/fff«or/5jand endowments of Na- ture^ are fubjed •, Nay Religion it felfe. Therefore ^k Abuti^adtmi'Hti^ negatur confequentia.

Of the Excellency of Sight.

red with other JTyH^) Sight defervcs, a higher, anda morewj/^/rr/Wcond- fenfes. 23deration,and thereforcjlet us compare the differe»ce^vfith other Senfes.

The State of /<»«/> may be devide'd into tmpans-, Inward, ZT\6 outward i commodity, and necejfuy i Soul ^aad Body : but, as the foul is more excellent, then the body ; Co the fenfe that pro- fits the [old, IS to be more efteemed then thofe, that are need' full for the bocl)i, becaufe it is better to be jp? //,then fimply to be. TivciSoa/of man, Qhat moji perfeB forme bf the Cremr') not confiding of ?w<j?/fr, or fubjeft Xodi^ifion, and foby confe- quence, whole in all the body, and wholly in every p.ir[ : Yet, \a c very refped, the nobleft potvers thereof are more emiz-.e/it, in didincl: places,iome have lodg'd and bounded the limiis with- in the compaflTe of 0«c Ademher of the Brain^ (" the magnifi- cent fiately Turret oi the foal y") wherein is placed Reafon,

(the

of Painting* 2

the SaverAign power of the Soul^) as the Mefjen^ers of underfiao- eiin^. The Eyei^ Eari^ Nofe, roriTtie^ ( Guards and Servants to RealoDjpUced \x\ the hcad,as neer attendants.

The externall Sen^ei are but fivc,bccaure of the five forts of Ob je<5s,«>/;^r unto Golour^Sound,Smell) Tafte j or to thofe Qua- lities whereabout touching is converfant, SeeinganA Hea- ring arethcmoftpleafurable ;5f;ii/«j Jwfa^j^/fMm : The other more Prafticall ; thefe more contemplative : Thofe, Se^fus Dif.fplin<€-ythci'c &Te.4Ie»tis, Noeticdl.

The excellency oi Sights clpeciallyjin four things. Excellency of

1 . Variety oiob jeEis j wiiich it preients to the Soul. ^ '*

2. It's meancsof Operation j altogether «/;/>«»<«//,

3. In rei'peft of its particular o^jf^jL?^/;t j the moft Nohle ^ality that Go^hath created.

4. In rcfped of the certainty,of his ABion.

( In a word ; all things, under the firft Afoveable Orhe^ are fub jeft to the fown oi^ight.)

For the firli j all Naturall Bodies, are Vijihle 5 but all are not rjf<r£f«4//, to other Senfes. Heaven^ (the World's Ornament ) is not to be touched^Harmony of the Spheres, not to be Heardi No tajie in the Earth, or Fire ; All thefe may be Seen.

Sights befides his own proper Ol?jeH (Colour'), bath infinite ^ ^^^.^^ ^^ OtherSjas CMagnitude, Number:, Proportion, U\€otion, Refi-, Scitua- ObjedsJ t/o/j,!Z)//ia«f^ : And therefore called, the fenfeof Jw^^-b^^o/^o/ aH ArtSj and Sciences.

u4nd all the skill in deep j4(lrominie) Is tath(Soul 'krivedhy the eye,

Thilofophie was begot, by admiring of Things , Admiratiort^ from Sight oiesceilent things ; the Mind, raifed up and ravi- fhed, with the confideration thereof, defirous to know the cauffi began to play the 'Fhtlofopher.

Secondly, Sight is the Senfe of our Bleffedneffe, as it brings us, »• !« fp'ncuai to the /(•/:<JB'/f ^f of Go</. The Invifihle things of god, are w^/iX- ^P*""""* fefled to usiby the vipile. /«/»««> cannot be known, but by his ejjeBs.

Set on vrork this Noble Senfe, to view and confider the Exccllencie of the WorkmanChip,oftheGr(f4i CrfdtoK/ , the Heavens, and the glory thereof, in Proportion, and Colour i the Seauty of the Surface of the Eanh, and the Creatures there- on, Confider Man, the Wonder, and utmojiiKdevour oiNa' tare, 5o that the Pro/^foct-Singcr cry ed out ; How fecret and wonderfull am I made !

Thirdly, it is endowed with the goodlieft qualitie in ^^^eJ^^^^j^ishtche World,L/gfe/, The Heavens off Ipring, the elders daughter ncy. * ^*" of god, Fiat Lux the firft dayes creation. Common, as in- different to all ibeft known of us, (for other Natufall Bodies

B a confift

The Excellent Q^rt

con fift of wmcoiowj. It difcove^s it felfe in themodefty of a morotng Blufh-atid opens it's fair and virgin tye-lids in the <:/<jB'«///.^oftheday , /b//e out in its Noon-d aye's glory. It ' trvi/tckles in a Star ; Blazes and glares out in a Comet 5 jriiks and dances in a Jemll 5 diQ'embles in a Glow-worm ; Eyitomifes and abbrex iates its f elf /V» <z /j?^/^ j 'i<,a(/«) in the jo/^'e of the FirCj f^le and confuming in a Candle.

Thus defcribed in old Rime. Z./^fer3 the Grand-child to the Glorious Sun^ Opens the Cafement of the Rofie Mora 5 Makes the abajhed Heavens, foon tojhun The ugly darknefj'e^ it imbrace'd beforn, '

T/j/y, a true Looking-olafs^ impartially where heauties-felf, her [elf doth beautife, ffith Native hue, not Artijiciall > Dif covering falfehood, opens verity. The day's bright-eye j Colours dijiinBion 5 Bf/? judge,ofmeafure and proponion 5 The only means ,by which-.each mortaHeye^ Sends Mi-^engers to the wide firmament : That to the longing Soul brings prefently '' High contemplation^and deep wonderment :

B)/ which afptring^-lhe^hcr wings difplayes, j4ml, her felf thither^ whence [he came, tlp-rayes. It performethhisO^^^j at aninftant, though far diftantl without moving it Celf. And as the underftanding part of the w/«^/,receiverh from the Imagination, the forms of Things naked, and void of fub^ance 5 So the fi^t is the [ubjeB of Forms without a Body ; which are called, Utemio- ualls. . .:

It comprehends Univerfality,without peftering any room or p]acecontained : thehrgeii Mountains, enter at once un- dimini(hed, through the Apple of the fj^jwithout ftraitnefsi of entrance. .

It judgeth, at one inftant of two Contraries, Miite and B/tfd'jand diftinguil"heth them j the knowledge of the one. No impeachment to the knowledge of the other. :y being that, of what the other Senfes are not capable. Ic receives at One ?«/hi«f,the circumference of the World i But tlie other 5f;?/i'y move^by entcrcourfeot Time ; the reafon why'we feeLiqlnninq^Jie- fore we hear the Thunder ; being neither of them made before or af- ter another.

It hathakindof/z^rr^jj which Nature hath denyed to the other Senfes ; The eares are alwaics open ; fo is the "Hpfe § the fkinne alwayes fubje^ to cold and heat, and other injuries of the aire : but the f)r,opcns and Ihuts, at pleafure.

Fourthly,

of Painting,

Fourthly,it is the moft infallihU Senfe ; which lea(i deceives \ '" infaliibi being ten times of more certainty^ than hear- fay j as between '"^* truth and falfhood.

According to the French Proverb.- Ce qu on zoit ejl plus certain que cequ on oil. Horace faithj Oculis potini credendum^quam auribus.

The Prophets confirm their i'aj/Vzi^/, by the Si^ht (fijions) as mo^ true ^ It is the form, and perfeBion of man : by it, we draw neer to the di'jine Nature, feeming that we are lorn-, only to fee ^

The £)rj,thc Looking-^/.ij(/Vj oi'Hature : Confidcr the beau- g j, their ex- <ji, and excellency thereof, from leverall O^jfHs : Behold theicncy an'def- ipangled Canopieof Heaven by Ni^?ht : the watry CloudSjby ^'^'^'' day, with excellent Colours, and Shadows of the Sun's re- fl^ftionrThe wonderfuil painted Rainbow : The glorious ap- pearing of the Morning I-rfw/; of Light: the golden rayes, round about him, fpreading a faint and trembling L/^/>f, upon the ///(r^<?r/«^ and gilden waves •• How, his jhadoas lelTen at Noon-tide i and how they increafe towards ei/if- ?>/yjt^,and at the burning ruddy Sun-fa.

To view, the Towring tops of Mountains^ unacceffable ^of/tj,\vith ridgie extents, or (uddain/rdft'oaj, by fome llee- py abyuptm(je : Here avally, fo large, thatattheend oTthe plain,it feems to meet Heaven ; there a grove^and here a Green pleafant Arbours 5 rows of Trees, fpreading their clafping arms, like gentle lozers imbracing each, with intricate uea- rJags 5 gently fwelling Hillocks ; high delighttuU plaiaes , Howry fiieddorfs, pleafant//rf4?wy 5 naturall/o««wf»y,gulhing waters down the rocks.

Stately Cities , famous Towers ; large Bridges 5 fpiring Steeples '-, intermixed with Orchards,Garder/S, Walks ■> and what not of thefe kinds,that delights the mind of Mar/ >

Confider the j/j/3/;fj ofeach(everallC?rdf«y« ; from the Elepha/it to the Etne[: the admirable and abfolute /;f?/^t^/o«j of each Limb ; the beautifull Colours oi Birds -, fil vcr 8kaled-/i"- fhes ; wonderfuil forms oiworms^ and creeping things.

And all thefe to praife the Lord^ for his mercy endures for ever.

Ofthc Excellency of 5i^k, in the Art of Paititing.

HAving faidthus much in generall ; Let us draw down to our particular ufe of this Senfe, fir ft to be apprehen- ded by fpeculative knowledge, in the Art o^D^lignirio^ Draw- ««^,and Painting, which comprehends /^ : when lights and fliadowS;(fetout byArt, to counterfeite Nature) give the

C workman

TheEoceellemzArt

wwkman thte exctftlency of reprefcntiog in prcyporcion and Colour,wbat ere Nature hath produced. Nay more, de- fcribed into form, what ere can be uctcrcd by fpcccb of ano- ther jOr to be imagtnedjby hisoWii fancy.

Of a Landfh^.

inthcdcfcrp-T7T/Hata/.»-^.fcopeof feveralU%H^^a^ dayly of-

tiotiofaLand- \ \ fcrcd to delight the weaticd ^>'4X'<j///c/-j whcH With

skip; true judgment, he beholds the 'variety of Nature, and the Ar-

//^« thereof, within the Lundfkip of his Horizon in a Well

chofen VrofpeB >

Give me leave to defcribe unto you ^a La/aijiip ; by which, and many fuch like yoti may apprehend with delight* the excellency, of a ;o*r»y by la/id, of loyage by Sea, Which commonly, are either not ohferved with judgment, ot foon lofi to memory, for lack of jin to put them into/er/Wj and Colour. By an EniUfi For example ; An Eoglitli Gentleman^of fingaht ingenuity, Gentleman, came to NopUs by Sea at the inftant, of a ftrange accident without the rmjf : Tne report whereof amazed the peoplcj into luddain fear 5 Yet curious they were, to Mold that, which they apprehended, horrtd : Each one, crouding for- ward; to pull back his Meighhour 5 diforderly Number^ ftopt their hafte, fo that, they ftuck faftin iheGate. Only this 5?r4«^<')',whofe fingle dtfcretion taught him,alwayes, to avoid aTumuU 3 and now (hewed him the way, tocreepoutat a M^icket. TheMountain //<r foon difcovered the ftf'^/(? ; cafting his eyes up to the Veimms bur- yjg^, of the Toirring Hill, VefuvittS^ from whofe tafe , the '""^' ftuitfull -jrf//;ej,trend down to the Strond of a■2l<^vr, refrcfh*

ing this ^/f/>.

Tills double topp'd/l/a«;jM//7,had ontSpeer burnt, in time of P/Z^j^by which meanes, (thzt Rocky part diflevered-into /V<jS/oAyJthere appeared, rare refledions of Lights, and (ha- dow s,occafioned from a fearfull Fire of the other Speer, now flaming up into the Clouds.

SomttimeSjwith blazing^jf/; to frighten Heaven, inflantly quencht by a crouding UiOTW/-, asdarke as Hell : And yet each raging quality ftintca by ff/>j,thatin a bounded meAfure, prefervcsall From dejhuHion. Thefe ob)ffts(unequally mixt) cxprefled fuch glaring variety o( Colotin^ as two con- traryes, Light, and Darke in oppofilion, ufually doe pro- Simile t^uCe.

" So had he feen ( he faid')^ ^fii^'^ *' ^^^ S ^ Sh'p fo gallaM neifY *^ ploivdthe traieSjlfutPH; andoitr hrave Sottraign j w/.^/t ifi rfw

moment.

of Painting,

'^m)rnMt.ofAti»ufckli»geyey theiVfetchleQe iadkr^ «Uhg,Lim- "fiock-mach, lio'ds lut fame powder for hi fkmiifh track, which ^ii»Medallo»fre^

S« qi i:k is Sttfyhur, that the found and fight Soo/i into Air drffeh'd thefahrick quite*

But now hi«y;^/;r, dim'd with mvkchgazing^ aad lu9 Eye- lids wearied, wich force of long looking up-wardft} of them (elves lock eafc, to defcend.

Q^So didhii thougbts^u anhumhle (onfidenuion^ of the Natttrall *<CaufeiSulffburous7natter, ntar/y agespsji, pent in for a tim^, attd >

** now(^firedwith heat ) burft out into this fury. (i%ichithough itot ^'ftldom haphing in hot ConntrieSyjet to his fenfe, the more rare-,that ^^ rjever faw the lile.') n r a^

When fuddainly hefeemed ravifhed,with the moft plea- fhTvak flag Profpei:} of Nature, and Arty mixt with accidents of divers manner^ luch as poffibly might delight him i

It took its Scite, at the entrance of iVi»;;/f J, from the ?^4/- ^'"^' lyes j where the coolc ftrcams of——— gently pafs ; feeming then,a prefervative£/«»»^«f,of powerfuU contrariety to quench the ragtag Fire with turnings and windings) on the right handjfo far as the Countries of^puliayGx Leagues oS. '

Over this i?/i'«r is raifed a ftoae-^yi^^tf of antiquity., iBoreB"<lge. then f}>lendor,ytt fair enoughjwith fixe lockSyOt vaults, through which, the water runns, not too quick on purpofe to <^f //^k you ;but murmuring down on the kfc hand, to a Angle File oi Red-marble ; partly ruined, more by Warre, then time ; andyetof fome Ayttiquity, by the remnant of Pillars, FedeiiallSy Cornices, and fuch like, of old Tufcan, and 'Dorique Sculpture.

Neer unto an Orchard of Palms, and Sicamours, whercj un- AndOrdurdw der an ample Archy the River feems convayed to utter lofle of alljbut imagination.

A world of people, from far, filled the Bridge, \fith hafte; peoui^ g„g being come to lecure themfel ves,thcir^oWj and f<Jff^//:Thofe from the Fire. of ^rf//f]'rod,pranzingontheirGf>^«mj noccoofaft, being fettered, within a flock of sheep.

The good CHxn and his rrifey load their own backs, to fa ve their Bedds, leading their Infant Sy frightncd with the Fire.

The poor Ajfe now bcares his Burthen, not in vain , being driven from danger, as concern'd in the /Mere^ , as well as the fpifer fort,who go vcrn'd the Beaft.

Thc^K4j^o«fr, whips on his wearied Jades, whoyer, huye fo faft,that they tread, on Horfes heels.

Fearfull apprehenfions fcare them all, that follow in a Train, beyond the comprchcnfion of sight j and untill from

C 2 fcveral

8

The Excellent' e:Art

feverall degrees oi dimenfiom^ each Creature fecrijs contrafted into5^tfp(^j,almoft of iAtomn, And from the Thefc Multitudes, fled from Torre-y del Greco, and Numiato , mixc Villages, two plcafant 7oB7/'/yjfeated upon this %iver-^ appearing io far diftant from the eye,as ufually, the ]udgmem alGfts the sight, to diftinguifli them into B««7<^/V4^^5.

Before thefe Tovpm, jinchored two Neapolitan Gallye^, fent thither to receive the people> and their goods aboard, from the dcftruftion of //o«(?s and d/^fj, difgorged by forceof the ^y^jand which the violence of the Rock-water (tream, hurried down from the lo/;of the Hill^ overwhelming thefe Villages, almoft as a CoLf/^i the fuffocating heat of this niUijb, more fearfull then any Fire.

Behind thefe, you might difcern,' the rifing fal loir -fie Ids , here and there,mixc with irees:,znd hedge-rows.

Beyond them, the proud Htlls, covered with whiteneffe

oiSnow, which the Sun-beams expreftjlike Siher Toms, that

reached up,to the next Region.

The left hand Thcn on the left hand view, you might behold, ( San and

Profpea of ifind cleering thatjide ) the whole Vale grac'd with feverall

firuBures^znd buildings jacex and farther off.

Here,and there,the ftately T^f j, overtopping thtir Top , naturally intermingled with Cedars^znd. Citrons.

From thefe, your 'fight Qafcending the rife of the Hill) becomes raviihed , with pleafant gar^lens, and Orchards ; beautiful! rorves and waikes oi frees , gracefully high and large; Here vineyards of Graces S there Groves oioranadoes^ Citrons, Pome- grams, Ffgges^ and Olives j and other fmfii without Num- ber.

Thefe reach fo farre, until! your fight is loft, into the Edge and Circle of an Hcrifon^ where Heaven and Sarth, beget a veoiider. This in contemplation covets to mount. That, in a^ec- tion, willingly defcends, until! with joynt imbraces (Jike tm reconciled Lovers ')kiS'e each other into everlafting //W/rY/y, Terram Ccelo mifcere.

Neer liand, a Loader^ following the heels of his Horf' ; and to fpare his overmuch ^«-//fcf/;, the good old man, in charity to his Sm/, takes part of the paines, and ftoops his own ben- ded 5af /{', with the remaine o^tht caninge.

Not farre before him, trots another, ready to climb the mounting ground, and to eale himlelf, the poor j'.trV, fpares his pace , out tworuftique Swains, hard hearted drivers, ( or elfe in more hafid than good ffeecT) both of them bcate him.

Beyond them,you may perceive tipo more; one haftning for- wardjthe other returning '■> thtir hjinefje belikcjof more con- cernment

Hills a farr off.

the Vallye.

Foot of the .HiU.

•Horifon.

Travalcts-

of Painting,

cernmenc,than tofaluccithough the narrowneffcof the way, neceffitates them to meet.

And ctius the TVvt i.r//<T,having long time looked over thefe ol:feBs ^ he turnes his back from all, with religious Cowr^w^/^- lion : That in fuch varieties oifrof^B j contrarieties in iVij- ture and affeftion ^ Fire and n'ater ; Hills and f^ales^ barren and fruitfull j Trees , and MtAovii'MeAiert^ and Sanh ^ all (hould concurrein beautiluU 0^/>Ss,and Omameats di delight, to ^ods ^/orjjand concent to the Creature.

V Viien Joe, he efpies a Neapolitan niilUriti carcfling his a Curtezan Curtizi/i j (he was handlome, he was not fo ; and yet the ^''""^<^- cuftomeof the Country,taught him boldnefs,to fo«/-r her, into more then ordinary kindnefs ^ which no doubr, indepen- dence thereto, was loon after, put into praBice, when the opening of the Gates , received them into the Citty .

The Sira»gerhe\ngentied: He teWs this Story, unco other Cue ^<^to one of them,that for a Wager ( the Table taken away ") The Tak put defcribed this T^/f ,into the form of a r/i:7«rf ; and P^rWf^it'"^°*P'^"'^«- to the iv//f from the others yf/?on 5 which being done, be- came fuch a Miracle of Art to everlafting Memory^ that defer- vedlyjmight adorn the Vicc-roy's Gallery.

" The facers of this print were lo^ at Sea. But any other print ^'ofaPro)feBive,mAyferve thepraBitionertoilifcourfe thereupon 5 ** and ft this example,

Anotherjof the Sea^a. ftorm and fhip- wracks. Defcription of

It was fo fair a Morn as midling' June, which invited ten- * '^''™ *tSea. 6er virgins, to the brinckof the 0ff4«: where they beheld, a Fleet of gallant Ships, fuch as ne're grac'd the Floud be- fore.

Eachiliftinft Squadron attending their /i^w/Vri/j, in an or- derly courle,to the vtxyBay of a fecure HavetMhe Seasasfmooth asglafs.

When, for Novehy;Qhevarious defye of change) one o{ the virgins, wi(ht to fee the leaves.

The {kormy-Fiend obeyed, and vexed the Jyr with wind ^\°"" begin* which volved the n'azes, till they on end do ftand > ranging jnj J^'"„ their race with mighty flirrowsj wave ftioveth wave, and Bil- loifbeatQthBillofP.

Ttpixt Ridge, and Ridge; the eagulphingfpace was hollow^ Much like infer nail Jawes^ whole Fleets of Ships, to fwallow^ Jnthofe devouring, liquid Craves.

Tl}e Marrtner by often tryalls, becomes fearkfje ; Lowers t!ic

Tet his Sailes takes in, and fioops to an ill, he cannot ma^er. ^^^'^'^' ^monHaousfhowreofrain, tbickned the face of Heaven > Hon-iJncffe. peale after peak, D " ^'So

lO

The Excellent Qjin

Ships Inllm- ments ufclcfs.

In fundry ftiips fcvcrall diftreffcs.

Sheets rent and Tackling tare.

Boy blown ft- way.

Marineij nii- fcriett

^^So dark as Helljandyet the stars arefeen,

*' And dreadfull terrours^hadtm lo^ to fight ^

" But that^(theff) dire Lightnings turn

" To wore horrid fears.

*' The Seasjike quenchlefje flames ^do burn i

'■^ Sad clouds Jim k into jhoary teares :

*' Tou would have thought,

*' The highfivoln SeaSyto Heaven had wrought ^

*^ jind Heaven,to Seas defcended.

jiway goes fleerage^Lead^and all adiew j

The Card and Cernpafs too :

Of two and thirty winds ynot one offafety fhewes 5

-4 // point to death. The Load-^one ufelejj'e 5

The Needls-North^drunk with the waves

Turns round^and reeling too :fo did the Ship,

And difengorged the Sea^into the Sea again,

The Jacoh-ftaffyhofartherfighl; could reach ^

Then fecondfurge.

The dancing Beak-head ^dives into the deep..

Then bounding up again-^ then down amain,

JVhich cracks her majfi^e rihbs,

** So have youfeen aferceftrong Bear,

'■^Stand bolt upright ^ to paw the Maflivc I>ogge,

*' Vl^hich in his Clutch, once got, he gnpes to death.

No place for Art, or force ^ yet all are trfd :

for mwithe waves mufi have their will,

*^' Obedience^leji to follow, and that was ill.

The Ship fides crack ^and tackle tare like Twine,

The fiX' fold BuckWo/n Pjeet,is renttoraggs

<c j^gy leftfo much to wipe a tear

« From the difirejjed PaffengerS, that weeping were,

A buckfome- bully Bo\,up to the Top'maji climbs

To deer a Haulfer^ or lejje waightier courfe 5

Like Crow on Maypole fane,awondrous height,

Tet he obeyes,andchearly cry es, Done, done ^Sir:

fVhen in the moment, of a twirtckling eye 5

Not halfway down, a blajl of mighty force,

*' Darts him as farre .

*' As DiVids [4 bble from his /ling of war.

Upon the Decks twofiand, but. bind themfelves,

Tet bo:h are blown away :

Another:, on hif hands Jnio a corner creeps 5

But bounding Watches Jbandhim to the deeps.

Some trufl to Haliards, others to their holds,

But cardage cracks^ and they d're-board^are roul'd.

The giddy Ship turns Baylor's brains,

Though

of Painting,

ir

Though hound hfi browes j

jlndoi from flinty fofparkUs Fire/rom both his eyes;

Thefukly S«ul wai n>orfe,veary of Life-the dyes.

Ihofe on the fhore ( by pref^eBiz e ) thatfaw^ ^'tre giddy

qrovfn.

Spcftarors frighted.

Andwhil^ I tellthif tale, I'me not mtne own. CMy brains turn round,fo does the Reader's too, Nu vfonder then, the Mariners did fo : Theftrejfe ofhorridfiorm,nor>e but by feeling kno^v. Somefeeming viferjnear the Long-boat 's o«f j and leap

therein ', M)ichfeon like froth arejpeic'd upon the finds : jindmth theflroake are torn tofmallefi chips, "JTje aged father ftrides the lujty Lad, Some f mm, others wade, till many footing fin^ h Vl^)en by degrees ^he fwallovsiing tide,(leales on them^ Firft to thefeet,the anckles,knees, andtvajle. Then to the rifmgground they all retire, And down they kneel:, Their Sacripcing hands ^above their heads, they heave,

and hold them there : Till brinish Seas, up to the Chin comes in^

andchoakes them all : ^ dozen of f uch, by fever all f capes ^ got thither. Treed from the Sea;onfands are drown'd together. Thofe ia the Ship% fee this^ and on their kneei they fall^ This fad example^ makes them, one^ and all :

for now. The Rudders torn away,the wracks begin, ^nd trayteroHs leikes,the dryiing Seas drink in, No (Jlfafter,Mate^norfteer's-manj nove ; Nor Plummet guide or Watch can jhen> ; Noftanding on the decks; The unbridled be a^^ the Mafier cafls, AnAfhakes off the Say lor ^griping clofe the Maffy The reft fhrink into Cabines, as their gravy rooms. The main Maft,by the Board is cut. The goods thrown o're the Hull tofave. Tl)en gaping comes the fatall wave-. Vyhich into watry womb, at one fuck draws down all. Tetas a Load too heavy to difgefi. One f urge, plaies it over to the reft^ Some pieces of the«r.ick,onfands are caft^ Some on the ragged 'Kocks ;

TfjeTimber pUncks,(lart out\the Ribbs in pieces crack; And thefe, thw yeeliiing, breaks her ma fie back.

D 2 Here

Paflcngeis in a long-boace, caft away

upon Sandsj

And

They arc drowned.

The Wrack dcfcribedi

Goods thrown over-board.

Ship fincks.

11

'The Excellent ojirt

The lading flotes,and mco upon then).

And men drowned.

Wrick on ihore.>

Only one nan favc» himfeif,

Hereibarrelh fiotCithere ^acks snot yet through-ivety

t/fnd cbejis of mighty wealth ■>

Men and hoyes^ befiride them^vhiljl they can^

Then Ihrink^and eryiFaretvelJ'rom hoy to man.

The Hoajheads, full ofclaret V/iney

The curled Foame^deth mixe mth brine)

Both being dift^ in dies of red ; andfeem to blu^J mth

fhame^ For fw allowing down^the Merchant's gain. TheFaBorSiSaylors^ChildrenyWizes and Friends^ In wretched lofje^the whole adventure ends. A world of fcattered goods, on Billows green, ( e/^y at a Mart ongraffe^you might havefeen . The^ore, more cruell,then the Seas,devoures. For they, who claime the wrack, crye,All is ours. Thefunck fhipsfall, and beaten waters roare, Vrhich mightaiy a^rights them^ontheffjore.

Vf^hofcafes the greedy waves of Seas^are ca(l on hnd^

Fifid buriall there ; the people,weeping (land:

Toa might behold, one Man,'fie're ftoop'd

To bafenejJe,though to brtne

In fwimming fmcks , but up again he gets 5

Nowjirides a Majfjayes hoUi^onyard,and planck,

ylnd though among^ the lofl^ htmfelfdoth vault.

Tetjirives with arms^ and leggs, and (often /o)

Death favour d him, and lets him go.

Cod unto Man^gives gifts offuch a mind,

ty^bove the power of Fortune, Seas,or PVind.

The Maidens wept when they came in ; and it was her tafkc to tell this ftoryjwhofe beauty, ((hadowed only by her teare8,)gavegrace to the relation, and pitty tothediftref- fed. But afterwards, being put into a Draught and colou- redjitisaccomptednoleffe thana fingular dignity to Car-

dinall Cabinet, his mofl: admired Piece. And the

Prints of this .are likewile loft at 5ea. Which you may fupply with any other fuch ftorm.

Of Fainting and Poetry compared.

THus have I adventured the challenge,in the name of eyf- follo, to the Art of t^peltes ■, by comparingWir, and Wordsjby the Poem, with Draught and Colour by the Pcn- fil ; inthefetwo diftialldilcnptions, of the Fiery Moun- tain, and ProfpeA at Land, and of the horrid tempeft and Ship-wrack at Sea: the like may be conceived of many other

millions

IT

of Painting. ly

millions of change. There being fuch Harmony iir them, Harmony ^f that may not be feparatcjanJ when eloque/ue flouri{hed,ra/»- p°^i^t^"* tfm was efteemed.

'\oT Poefie it aCpeak'iagPiBure, and Piclure is a filent Foefiey the firft, as ifal wayes a doing 1 the other, as if done already. In both, an aftonilliment of wonder j by Tsintin^ to ftare upon imitation oi: Nature, leading and guiding our Pa(n<- ons, by that beguiling power, which we fee expreft > and to ravilli the mind moft, wlien they are drunke in by the eyes. ;••!:••,!

Yet Ptf/flfa^ was before Pof/>7 , for Pidures were made . ^ . . before Letters were read. For before that the -^f?.>ftw«Jrforc Poetry had Letters , they fignified their conceptions by Htero^ly ^y phicks of Figures, Charaders, and Cyphers of divers, things ; Hierogly- as Birds ^Biai'.s^ Trees^TUnts^ and by tradition to their Children P^"''''- were readily underllood. As by the Earth, the Oxe-t a beaft of the TtlUge •, by the Faulcon, diligence and fwiftnefs 5 By the Bce^a. King, mildnefs and juftice,by bony and a ftingj by the £.n^/--,Envy,not accompanying other ^itds'^by a Serpent his taile in his mouth, the revolution of the yeare J for hea- ring, a Hare liftning ; and fuch like numberleffe. And fram'd theli gods alfo of futh Creatures, and things -, as that ancient piece of Antiquity, a carved Stone in Rome in the Garden of the Honie of Jfuliw, the form of a Man with an t/fpes face and '2>uggs eares, holding a Sphere of the Heavenly Circles in one hand, a Mercury-Staff in the left, ftanding upon the back of a e>oco^//7f,according to thefe verfes.

TempU Paretoniis cneraj^e AltariaMor.^is

^if negat ? inter qu>e Simia etihis erant\ EtCa,>U et r.'.jiofrendens Crocedilus hiatu^. Herh£ etiam cultu^non caruerefuo,

Dij cyEgyytiorum. Rom<einHortUJuliu IIL P. M.

The Greeks adventured on this Art, meerly in the firft E- Grecians the Icmeotsof fi/4C)(- and w'/;//? 5 which afterwards were put into*''^^ Painterf. Colour by the Romihes-, with whom Painting was much in eftcem,and had the honour of a liberall Jrt. In Rome the fa- ^7 wcrefurnamed'P/Hor, and the Temple 5d/«>- circumfcri- bed. ^ui/ittuFAhiinpinxi : from whence the /M/w/iy,of ex- cellent fpirits and beftdefigners, gave examples. The Ger- manes more laborious, followed their fafhion j and the Ef'glijhiDuLchy and French^ become Imitators of them all.

E The

14

The Excellent tArt

Paintinghigh ly valued.

Excellency and

EfFefts by

maffacre at Ambi)}na.

1^5 3-

Ihehtt 6^ Painting hath been valued, from Antiquity 5 yet rarbly arrived to its perfeiSionsin any age'.partly by igno- rance5of mpft men in this Art,feldom encouraging the Pro- feffor ."BefldleSjin truth, it is a gift in the Artift peculiar jmore natural! to a fingle fancy, then common to all. The difficul- ty therefore to actain it, is not to bci laboured but by ordina- ry paines,and indaftry^yet requiring indefatigable affiftancc, to bring the work to become a wonder.

TiBure inlinuates into our moft inward affeftions : Things by the Eare^ doe but faintly ftirre the mind, but captivate the Eyes 5 as being the more accurate witnefles of the two : Gods may be conceived by Poejie, but aremadeby Painters.

So did they Well j who, to enforce a more horrid recepti- ton of the '!>«</ ffc-cruelty upon out Eagltjhat Aml^oym in the Eai^i Indies^ defcribed it into Piclure ( after that n had been, moft eloquently urged5by Sr. Dudly Di^s and imprinted, ) to iticenfeihe Paffions^by/iw^t thereof 5 which trnly(I retnem- ber vfeH)appeared to me fo monftrousjas I then wifhed it to be burnt. And fo beiike it fecmed prudentiall to thofe in power, who foon dcfac'd it ; left, had it come forth in common,might have incited us then, to a aatioaall quar- rell and revenge 5 though we have not wanted other juft p/o'hocati' onsfince to make them our enemies.

2 Ho\Vever, at the time before, it wrought this ftrangeef- feft upon the widow of one of the Martyrs j who, upon for- mer relationSjprofecuted her complaint j but when ftie faw ' the Ptilure, lively defcribing her Husband's horrid executi-

on ,(he funck dpMP in a dead (wound. pifturesvalu. Wee read, of iv'/«;5s and A^4«o«y,that have valued P.««- cd at a mighty ^^^y ; ("q have they (ought their Pjintings-, for their weight in '^""' Goldjforioor4/f/*fjifor^ooo.teftersii2oco,teftersNay feme

P/>f« were prefervcd with fo much fafety, that their Kee- pers liveSjhave been refponfable for their fecurity.

An example of that nacure,we had m^-iirabam van-DcrtSu-

£t?b"io!rcP"viforofthe late King fH^i?L£j his Repofitory of Rari-

of a'piflure. lies j with efpeciall command and care of one moft excellent

piece o^LMiniture • which therefore he lodged ( more fecure

then fafe^(b farre out of the way, as not to be found by him-

felf,when it was miffing,to his own memory ^ at the K I NG S

demanditill after his death, the Executors brought it home.

This chancejfitted the ftoryjwhich was [i>^tbe lo(l Sheep foro^d']

Thedefigne of the Limner, A fhephcard bearing upo^

his ihoulder a ftrai'd lliecp to the fold.The DodrinejC/;^;}! re-

claimesc he (inner. But miferable it was to tiiepoorinah

who at the firrt, for fear of his Mafters f^an Dorts difpleafilre,

or

Mr. Gil'fm, the Marqui- face Pifture.

of Painting. 15

or perhaps his owa love to the excellency of chat ^rt^ ia fad regret, went home and hanged himfelt.

Severall Pieces have been prefented to Citties^ Common- If eaLhi^NdtionSi and Kuigdomes^ as overvaluable for any pri- vate pcrfon. Our late Kntg CH A RLES^ had many rooft rare Originalls, Golledions, both oi Painting and Sculp- ture. He being the mod of fame, for his incouragement,and Patronage of Arts and Honour. His love to this Art, be- -^

gat three Knight -T4j'«ff>j j Rubens^^ randick^znd (jerd'ter^Thrcejtnijlht- the laft had little of Arc, or merit ^ a common Pen man, who ^^'n"". Pcnfil'd the Dialogue in the £>«if/jChurch LONDO ^'ihis firft rife of preferment.

IheVfi and Ornament of Figures.

TO give a PiHure its valuejin refpe^t of the ufe : We may ufo of Pain- corihder, that God hath created the whple univerfe for ""g'- <jMa,n i the Microcofm whcreoi, is contrafted into each Mans Manfion H^o«/>, ot Homey wherein he enjoyes the «/i«./ir«3«< ofhimfdf, and leaves it fo, to his Son, as an Inhcritage of flrength^ Ptopt,Pleafure.

The great Oeconomiftes of all Ages fand fo other men from Ornamentj to noble examples)have indevoured, to magnifie their own^""*^"* Memories, with Princely Pallaces oiftruBure^ and afterwards to adornc them diftin>Ct and gracefully, with Figures with- in^and Sculpture without. And both thefe witty Am, have whether contended for Supremacie,whether Imagery imboffed, which Sculpture prctends(as indeed it is to ordinary Capacities) more natu- be fupS' rall5and fo cafier to be apprehended, whofe excellency is on- ly in the foft Sculpt of the Chizell, as if it were Painted -^Ox the othcr,P4/«r/«^,being the more rare by enforceing fhadows upon a Flat,a8 \i C^rved'^Sind. yet the tbadows themlelves, not groflfely apparant.

Certainly, this latter, muftbe the more excellent Artifice^ by forcing this to fecm fo,upon a Flat, which Nature makes rifing and hollow 5 and indeed,the truth is wonderfully con- cluded by one A. B.

He is a blind man, yet by feeling the form and lineaments Decided by of Nature in theLife,doth mould by the hand in Clay,rarc fi- J^^^''"** - gurcs exceeding like in fliape, which is impoflible to be don by him, in Painting.

But of thii, more hereafter when we come to working in Colours.

A PsBure'm truth, muft ftand off N'utarallj as if it were i. The firii Or-^r^/,gracefulland pleafant at the firft blu(h,or fight there- pj'^'"^"^ " X)^ 5 which are the excellencies of ancient painter s : of whofe

E 2 Originalls

» II ' ■ ' ' ' .

1 6 The kxcelkntsArt

ACutherc- Originalls many, even pretenderstothis ^r^^ are deceived *^- with Copies.

OfOriginall Pieces and of Copies,

To diftin- /"^Enerally, in Originalls, the Colours becomeoftcn va-

guifti Princi- vj[ded, anci,in manyj much changed j the Fiece in time

pall from grown crufty, and ofcen peeles by ill afage. Yet you (hall

j";^;'""- ^; find the Lightnings bold ftrong, and high 5 tne (hadowe«

jisMu.'. <}eep and gracefuil. .

Their Copies-, \i well caunterfeit,the workeman muft alter the manner of his Colours by a aiixt tempering , otherwayes then the Modern Naturall 'wa.joi P aiming admits. To do this welljhe may belcflfe excellent in the Precepts oi Painting^ztid yet in this way of working, out Mafter, a better Antz,M- i •ij.-; 0 - I Itnew but one,that heremCL/j Cmx)who out-went all , and Mr. 00/35^, , ^jjpjgj jjljjjjy of the Kings Originalls, from feverall rjricies

inchiskind. Of idnwf. ?t isfaid that LAhuyc in Pariiy by a cunning way of tempe- ring his Colours with Chimney Sooce, the PaintK'g becoms dufkilli, and fcems ancienr % which done, iieroulcsupand < thereby it crackl8,4rtd fo miftaken for an oldPrincipalljit be- . _ ' ' ing well copied from a^gopd hapd. How to judge Xo judge of thcfii with facility 5 Originath have a Natural force of Grace Rifmg ? Co;;z>i fcem to have? only an imper- •. feft, and borrowed comlineffc j andifyoa ftay to judge of them, though they feem fo 5 to the fight of Imitiition , yet it proceeds not but of a Naturall Genius in the Worke- man. . By diftinftion ^^ Imitator,does never come neer the firftAuthotjCunlefs by excellent modern Mafters own working) a-fimiluude ev-er aiorCjtomes fhort of that truth, which is in theThings them- felves : The Copier being forced to accommodate himfelf, to another mans intent. Authority gives r/£?«r'y repiucby age, which no Art can well imitate. Garifli Colours, in new Piccfs., take the eye at firft ; But in old Piftni es we are delighted, with their decayings, horridnefle oftheCo- lours. Of Old snd old P I cru RES in a wdiiderfullfimplicity of Colours, cw 1 U1..S. jj.^^ their chief Commendations,from a more accurate,and gracefuil defigne.

Nfjp Pieces^on thecontrary, beingbut carelefilly defigned, ftand moft of all on their garifli Colours, and fome af- feftafion of Light and ftiadows, {trained with over-da- ring.

It is the opinion of many Mafters of this Art concerning

Anticnt

■^»^*^* ■ ■ ■ I ^ — ^■^^■^■^—1 ^i^^^^i^^— ^^^^^^.^.^^

of Taintifigj. i n

Ancient On ;tA4//j \ that the ayrc, by timcand age works fb much upon the Colours, thar the Oilyneffe thereof, being vaded,the Colour becomes more flelhy, more Naturall than at the liHt. So they fay of Tytn/iSy and ofjurgiones being his Mafter. in Coj/fes you (hall. not find fuch freenefsof the hand and Penfill i It will difcover it felf to Ikilful! obferva- torsjiiot <obe Naturall, but forced : Painters exprcfs the difference^ they )udge of old pieces and their decaycs from whatthey^vereatthefirft, by viewing them through their fingers as tlirough a Lettice or Vale, by a fecret Myftery in that Art. Like as to a good Judgment we afually may guelTc of the Beauty of her Teuth in an ancient well formed Matron,

I

Choyce of Figures.

AFter the firft view of a T/3«rf you may limit the under- ftanding ( without more difficulty ) in few obfervationsj as firft.

1 . The tyfrtizans care and painesmui^ be vifible,

2. It muft appearcthat he had knowledge and under- ftanding in the jirt, and followed it in every particular throughout > Not as if done by feverall hands, good and in- different.

g.Tnen obfervc if he have expreffed his Naturall Gf»i«<, with delight,upon fomefpecial/4«f),as more proper to him- felfjthan any oiher.

For Example, fome. In H/jhrie and Figures. Others in rroff'.'iii'ir. Some in shipverack and Seas. In defigne.

The Prims of theft were alfo h^

In Itkenffje to th' Life. >^»t you may meet with others for

In Laficlslcip, not many. In Flowers.

In Ht*/Aifdgs and Beajls. Cattle and Neat-heards.

Example.

And in each of thcfe feverall Arties have been ( properly) more rare.

The ancient /r^/zW, who firft began in Ffj^«r« were C/- !„ Hiftory. muhes^znd he was farre furpaffed by Gotto, famous nntill the Ancient Uaii- i\vc\eo{ Peter Perugino^ who was infinitely out-done, by his fJ^j'^.^g-J,'^'^ excellent Scholler Raphaell tlrbino 5 In his time flouriOied the njoft admired-<ir//a^»j ioiArchiteBure^iot Taimings^iot Sculp-

F ture^

i8^ . TheExceilent<LArt

cers,

titr>t 3S Bramom for jlrchite&are, &c.

Then came the World's wonder Michael Angela ^ Bon* Rotto' ^.f^aergedtf ddCajtdfraitcoi Ceregio Danmello J Macerino > Andrea del Certo^ 'Julio- Romano, Thefe all excellent H/jiory p^ittt^Sy whoreworkisCfortbeinoft |>art;^ they throughlyii-' niftied* 'nl'-'Ml^ru-rJa! ■ 1 -v .^.r- v ,\ '^'av. i--\r,u^.,n- To thefe, fucceedcd Titi an ^zti A Jacobus Falyna^ whofe Tain" tings were Inferior to none ; but as to the im^ention andl>^- /J^atheyoiaftered it in another manner. After them, we find Luchetta^ententtayFaulo P^ernes,yrho for 'Nohlelnvenmns, quantity ofmake;exccllent dejigne^ beauty o^Coiouring excee- ding alii before, are different in Painting froitt tflltiiC; reft. v.c^vo*

The late age produced many brave AIafieri^h\xt fomewhat inferior to the former ; via. Annihall and Lorlomck Carofier (two brothers). And another Mtebael Angela ( called Cono- n>a,geoy)Jofej>bd'Aypit.as,'Guido Taleneza sad many other their equalls i at prcfenti/'fffr de, Qordova. Dutch Maf. That famous Albert Durex, who never learned of any, yet he is known of all. He never travelled abroad, nor had the light of ftudy after the Antique Marbles^ wherein he was deficient jotherwifeno doubt he had infinitely furpaffed all the former, as it may appear by his admirable works in Oyle^ Limning^ in water, Etching 5 and Graving in Copper and Wood. His work^ of ^ra^.jing iverc the firft that were e- ver feen in /^^'/j,. which itt tbat Nation Imitators of him therein, for hisMaftcr yJ^^rwC 20 years before) found out that Art, but never performed any matter therein prayfe- worthy.

We find only this Alhen Durex (of a Painter^ that writ me- thodically of the Art of PerffeUive & Geometry : No modern hath writ better. And his Symmetry,fo exa£t,both of truth and diligence j that none other hath adventured to imitate. Thisdefed he had, that all his defignes were difgraced by hisGo(/7/Vi& way of Arcbitetl, which he followed, after the grofs building of his ownc Gountiy , alwayes living at home.

Hans Hohben and ^ntenio MorCy in that curious fmooth Painting fpccially after the Life^ have not been exampled by any. . .>•.■;. . i.";"-.

About the fame time lived Ullartin Hemskerke, SotoeierCyZaA diversothers,goodMaftersjtr> od>// .tuvkWt'Atnti ■ :i i

Since thefe jwe find ^/err?w.j>"t, Sea7erSj Ruberas^ind Amonia

J^j/;<///t<',who exceeded thefe,eipcctally after the Life.

F nch Maf- ^^"^ ancieht French Ma filers were Le petit Barnard^Voget^ L(S-

hfireyBlancber. A,nd at prcfent,the moft excellent Nicholas

^Fofen for Hifto,y. foquere

.(|7»:

ters.

of Painting. q^

Foquere 3ind0atni^fla'J*fMy iot ItMtlsbtj^

, j;ti ' .> • ••.>,M» '

Particular Majkries,

U'< . ,;tv.v ••o.M. ';•;:!, ^a •' '■ ^"•'•'

POr cxcdlent defigttes <6f Noble Hiftory, tire liiay b^'i- Defigm. mazed to behold theaforefaid Ur6f», Angtloj Vitnrsji'ttA Ttnteret. . ^nvA^h •• ,>'>>^ 3»'* •''

For Life,r/.7'.t«, JTolhen ^Antonio CMire 5 blft H<5^!f be(rOi«e^ Life. theboldadreMureofall, asthiordrnary praftice that mpft nJcn apprehend, of conlmdn life ahd Sale. Ih v^fifch /=^i7^- dik was excellent i and now in England this moft Taint enprii- fefsjt.

v^/^frf Da/'-^tf wasthe firft inLattdfkips whofe trfdrs arc i.and>kipi now amended by late obfervation. He ufually wrought, his Hortfon to the topolr edge of the Piece 5 which may be true to nature rfod Art, but nothing gt-acefoliras hereafter

is oblcrved when wccometo working.)^'' ' ' ^'" '".''^f^'''*""' The beft indeed in rhis kind, wete Paulus lSfHfl,Claud tfe La3c>ifre,3nd i^anhonz'the'Frehch^eTe VftW affefted to this vfray, ' ^■'"""'■ troquere for one s for of that Nation,their Spirits are feldom fowellfctled, as to be excellerit. Atid f<!»r the D/iff^i ^4^^ gore was the beft;but pretenders not a few. ; ^'

Of our own Nation I know rrdnfe ttore excellent but Stteter who indeed is a complcat Matter therein, as alfo in o^ iher f^xts o't Stcbing-i gr ax ing, and his Wbrke ot Ar'chiteBur^ and PerfpeBtie : not a line but is true toth^ Rul^of Art artid Symmetry, ' '

, For Flower-pots and Paintings of tbat kind, Brugetsad De^ Flowers. fei?w were excellent : but now Paidui Stagers ijbcftol altj a tareArtizan, and Vaik Thewtin tii Antwervei Ha Kaita^ tor. •' ..iTj'f:'.'-?'; i^sy.m M-. -'i'. 7f:'->ni; i.}_

And in dead-ftanding-things, ^//^ff-H^aff, Ji Ui^^f^ nton.

Stenxfick in ProfpeBive. • p.- r a-

Porfellus in Sea Pieces and Shipwyacks. Sea pfccel.'

> For Manting And Beafis o( Prey, o;ihh--yittd irtliti^, £//-Bcaas. famere-iRohen^ Hame<^ r^w^ofJ, who led the way to futtdfyo^ thers that pradtife after Hi's excellenc hand irt this kittd, attd for Horfes-^yonjerman for Cattle dX\d'J^'ti^AfeaYd^ bdch the Ssf- Heubmii. fsKtes ; the Slder^vhore exaO'. •' "■ ''" .' '

And in an excellent Mafter,yoii t?/i^ trfttt with alt thcfc Eminencies compleac •■, Rapi^elUr^i>h and Tttidfi the b^fli that tnis Art can boaft of.

All thefe had their feverall ages of Fame, and decay % their Growths and Wanes j Perfections and Weakenei- fes.

Thefe

10 The Excellent nArt

Engiifti Mo- Thefe now in England are not lefs worthy of.fame then a- dein M»ftcr5- jjy forraigncr^and although fome of them be ftrangers born, yet for their afFeftion to our Natioft we may mixethenr together. Our Modern Mafters comparable with any now be- 1 t.;i vi yond^caS.Nottotakeuponme to enroll rhem in order and ^' * jdegree of mericjeach one hath his deferts.

In the Life^ H^aikeriZonfityyright^LiliieiHalfS, Shepheard, dc .iiij :C»^^'«g^3rare Artizanf.

j^) Fuller for ftory. Stone and Croix ingenious Painters in the incomparable way ot Copying after the Ancient Maf- ters.

Barlo for Fowl and F//fc, and Streter in all Paintings. , , .. Then have we LMar\hdl for Flowers and Fruits.

Flefl)eriot Sea'FiiCes. ■ •.'■j bo!; ■•'•." 'm, '.

ReurieSot moft Paintings, ufually in little; and John Bdptif- itf jalfo Cl<^^ his excellent defignes for thofe i&tcTapjiry work, wrought at ^oi'ft/rf^f, and otherwife, which will eternize his aged body. Limning in , for Mifiiture or Limningfia water-Colours, Hoskins and his imi"" ^^' Sonjthe next modern fince the f//7Wflf5jfatherandlonjthofe. Pieces of the father ( if my judgment faile not ) incompara- ble.

The likeof Coo;?^ri and Cary : And let me fay it with fubmi- £Qon,6f^jo«j great piece of the ^uien of England's head to the Life^ done with that elaborate and yet accurate neatnefs as may be a Mafter-picce to pofterity.

And to make good that Maximey that the ground of all excellencies in this Art is the Nacurall fancie horfei^rtte, quick witjand ingenuity,which adds and enables the elabo- rate partjpick me out one equall to^UdamCari-StZ Brabanoc i Judgment and Art mixed together in her rare pieces ofLim- ning, fince they came into England. And in Oyl Colours we have a virtuous example in that worthy Artift Mrs . Carlile : and of others Mr. Beale^ Mrs. Brooman^ and to Mrs. ffetmes. .uitiH And to give honour to this Art of Painting many worthy Gentlemen, ingenious in their private delightjare become Juditious praftitioners herein 5 Namely Sr. John Holland ^ Mr. (juies^ Mr. Parker^ Mr . Sprignall^ and others j I need not name the reftjtheir works will better their worths andefti- mations in this and other excellent fciences of Art and Lear- rting. ^icre^Haincs 3Lt\dThorf)e.

Of

of Painting. ii

Of AhiHtUsin Fainter s.

Hlffory informs us,that ia Warre,<i// y^rts difjthe into that ^" Jeftroyei aftionibut when thcRomanSvrotd had bounded the Em- *" ^"'* pirei then the peacefullendevoursof cunning ^r«iij«j out- went former cxcellencie of the 9'''«f/''« inftruftionsi from whom,thefe derived their Learning.

And ye: of all Arts, this oi Puintin^ is leaft beholdcn^to the Gramaticall /tv/jfor any knowledge of theTheory by their deficiency in the PratlicaU : and fo not doubly qualified ia both,Pc« and Penfil^Kule and Example^ the perfection becomes lefs communicable to posterity ^ being rarely conjoyned ia one, a Learned Tamler.

Tnis obfervation leads me into an ingenuous Confeifioil of my felfjto be neither 5 but as a Lover of ^m> I am an in- truder upon cither. The Liberty of thefe latter loofe times prevailing over my former imployments, (heretofore of fomewhat more concernment } have now refolved me into the harmleftefimplicity of doing any thing, that may be <f;jrae honum to divert me, (even my thoughts) from UWd- ii^nity.

You may defire many AltUties of an Artift in his Pieces but Abilitief of the /f<j/z^«jobferve each fiogle prayle to defer ve merit, in^*'"'""^ anyoneMafter.

bomcjare noted for one of thefc, viz..

'Dtlt^ence and P/oportioM, with a free hand.

Fancie^ and conceiving o( Papons.

It.ventio/i.

Grace,

Of all thefe, we fliall difcourfe hereafter. Confinei

But in a word,there may not be wanting thefe two,

f »rif, to be well drawn, or (as Artizaiis term it ) well de- Ji^fuc/'y and herein without exceptions, lee there bctruth and Crate.

Secandly-ywcll Coloared^vf'nh Force and Affe&ion»

WellDefigned,

1h^'

)r the pi jl j there muft be truth in every part, and Prd- r portion of the^F«i^p, juft and Naturall with the Life. Some •rtizans,ftrainZ,f w^j into e^ttaid.AlbertDurarfiolties^ Spran- ger-, did fo,in that which was; and Michael Angela, in that which (hould be 3 and thereby in truth, loofe the grace- flilnels. But then, if an Artizan adventure on a FiBiony it will ap- of F*ai««t.

O peare

2 2 The Excellent <LArt

The Painter's pearc Icffe pleafing, unlefs it be done boldlyinot only to tx- frcedom. ceed the worUe, (but alfo the poffibility ) of Nature 3 as

in Centaurs^ Satyrs, Sirenes, F If ng- Hordes. And therefore 1

fay.

- fiSura ft ejuS,et quod eft, et quod ttonpoteB^effe. i^y ■

Which are eafily figured, by thofe that dare adventure, with' Jua'm»e»t. And fo the beauty of fuch a fiftion , may confift in Sxorbitance^Tind the fancie of the Painter to be with- out Limitation.

And yet the Phi lofopbers have wnt of wonderfull inter- mixed ftia pes, that have been feen of feverall kinds, in one Creature. Sarthly, as Satyrs, Centauis, Flying-Horfas. Wate- rUh, FifhesFlyiKgySea-Horfes^Tritom the Male, Nereides the fe- male. ^ heodore Gaza caught one of thcfe Nereides in Greceh and in ZelafidyVfas another taught to fpinneifo fayes Alexan- der of Alexa^dria^ and fome others that have feen Monfters, Chimeraei Hippotames,2ad others fuch, which Heraulds under- take, to beftow upon Gentlemans i?»ry/»^s.

Beyondtheaduall works of Nature, a Painter may def- cribe,but not to exceed the conceived poffibilities of Nature in the lame Culture. St. Auftia affirmes, that in ^;;V45aTown in Ajfricajhe faw the Jaw-bone of a maujas great and weigh- ty,asof 100. men of that age.

The defcriptions of men in great adions,were the conftant defignesofPoffJ, to afford them large and ample Limbs. The Statuaries oi Roman Go^5,and men of fame, were fo imita- ted jand being well drawn,(that is Proportionate to Dif proporti- on )ia 'Pi ciure, arc exceWcntOrnsLments : for though I con- feUs i Painters ^Tofct^on^ maybe, the imitation of Nature, yet to exceed her kind, fliews his own ftore and provifion of /d»«Vj'vithout borrowing of her example j and does well in PiBure,i( not ill done by the Painter. Since it difcovers no fufpitionofignoranceinhim, having his liberty allowed, that what he could not mafter, he might have left un- done.

The Naturall figures indeed) fliew property and decencie Difference of^ jQ delight common Judgement; and the forced figures, feigned *" ^^y bethcfignof the Novelty in exprefEon, and plea- Figures, (ing the Excitation of the mind 5 for Novelty caufeth admi- ration,and admiration enforces Gurionty,tbe delightful! ap- petite of the mind.

And certainely from an Artizan's excellencies, proceed thofe extravagant varieties, or admirable Novelties, which arenottheilTuesof anidlc brain, or to be found within

the

\\ef Fainting,

the compaf' of anairow cooceptionjbuc pleafe the £y9«,lil(e newftraines of ^ufi.k totheEares, when cammoa ayfQS bc<:Qmein(ipid. • ; . . ,,\

. . gitice^ is the bold and free difpofing ofihc hand in the q"^^""'' Vrhole draught of the defigne. You have the pattern to th« ""* Lifcjin an unfifjeiied freedomey La mode, or Boa ntene of tadiipn in£j?fd/zor^^ow.!//j which fctsoutjOr fupplyes beauty ; the French have dtyifed that ;;/^y/i/<r,to coromeiid a c>WizWdW5\vhoie "^^ *" ''^ behaviour mthch Natures ilefeBs, and thereby the Courtifie of(/ourt allows hctj not unhandfome.

Well Coloured.

^EcorJIy-iox well Colouring, you may obferve, that in all Wcii Colou- ij^darknefs there is deepnels ; but then the fight muft be"'** fwcetly deceived, by degrees, in breaking the Colours, by inftnfible pafFage,from higher Coloursjto more dimmejbet- ter expreffed in che fight of the Rain-bow 5 where fcverall Co- lours intercoixc with loft and gentle diftindion^as if twoCo- lours were blended together.

Force, is the rounding, and rifing of the work, in truth of i. with Force, Natur^^zs the Limls require it; without Warpnejje in out lines, '■''^^^ '' '* = otflaujelje within the body of the PrVf ^;and both thefe are vi- Cbie errors.

ApBtof/, is to exprefs Taffion in the figure ; Gladnejj'e, Grief, ^ a„j Afteai- Fear, Anger, With, motion and gefture of any ABion. And this on.whac ? is a ticklifh skill of the hand, for Parous of contrary Nature, with a touch of the Pert(il,3Xiti tlie Countenance, from Mirth to Moiii/.irt'u, as a coincident cxtream.

We have done with our /'/Vy.vrif of ^wo)C not to trouble yon with more^or other Notes of pcrfedion, for the prefeut until! afterward, that wc treat of Working. Indeed F^/- /("il/o/ij of thcfe kinds, are lo various, and my fterious, that chiet Majlers tiiemfelves, in the right cenfure of their worke, have undcrgon, fcverall charaders of defe«:^.

Grecians thefirft Painters.

WE have it rendred from an old Author, that the firft The firft ordc- of ^/if/^a/tjjthat drew Proportiom^VJtv^GreciansQa a- [n^^^^ qj.""-' forelaid)in Black and whicc^ who have begotten others, that ans. ^ in time became Matters in %iinti:^g alfo. And afterwards, many added to this Art. The firft inventing the due dtfpo- fition oi Lights in the draught, and evermore, with ampler Limbs then the Life. Howcr fet ovit (o his gods f^adgpddejj es with large formes and features, as aforefaid!

The

^4

The Excellent (iArt

Their Names, andQualicicSa

-.'I">iu3 ilj"

.1

Howtodif- pofc of Pic- tures.

Not upon out-fide of Houfes,

Then they came to limitProportions exaftlyjasLaw-makers*, whom others followed as decrees.

About the time of Pf«7//>,Painting began to Rouri(hjand (o to the fucceflbrs of Alexander 5 for we have feverall of thofe antient jinizans^ fet out to us, for their excellen- tieSjin fundry of thofe Abilittts, which we have named, asj

TiBegenetj inTydigence.

JIntipbylus, in Fad lit). Theony in Faatajie ana Pajjlons. ♦ ApeUeSi in Indention and <jr&ce.

Euphranor-, a rare Artizan as in CeneraU? fo in Pain' tihg,

HotP to dijpefe of figures and f aintings»

^ k Nd now ; fuppofing that you have purchafed the moft x\coftly Pieces, we muft next con fider, how codifpofe ihcm properly, with Conveniencie and Graccjtor the adorn- ment of your Houfe.

Wc fhall not doubt the Que ftion, whether Painting ht- conies out-fides ofwalls of the Houfe , In imitation of the Germain-, dcill Vifcount yvimhleto-n (^fometiine generall of the E/!glijh in the'Dutch Warrs jfeemsto intend the beautifying pleafant Scite,and gracefull Edifice at n'imbl(tofi.y with large and ample figures without doors 5 in Fi efco and Stoke parkc in Northampton ^xhiiy are done by claine. And Carew Houfe at Parfons Green^ large and bold, but almoft decayed, though but lately done. Some Towm are done fo amongft the Cermaim^ but then, not with ^/j/^/»^ Colours ^ that were to pleafe common judgments.

I have obfcrved other Pieces in lng\dnd.,x\QX. many ; for in- deed the worke is loon loft upon a moift Wallj which in our Clime neceflarily follows. That excellent PAinUhgoit\iC: twoKings,//(f^>>^ the feaventh and eighth,with theirQueens, done upon the Wall in the Vri'V) Chamber of the late K I N g at white-Hall in Oyle only, by the rare hand of Holbeny hath been prcfcrved with continuall warmth within doors, and bineficotfire, even till now. But withall. lobferve the Wall, prim'd witha very thicK CompoftofPlayfter, and fome other mixture fixedjco prefer ve the worke.

Therefore 1 admit of no Colouring upon Walls J If afiy Draughis^then let them be Black and t^bttey or of one Colour hightnedjlfin Figures of Life,c^/f/2 and wowf-w : Or other- wife

of Painting, if

wi^eNakeclSy as large as the place will :»pbrd. If without Perfomges , I with it ot Counccrfeits, or- imitations oiMarm lUsjeAquie-dutis,^itchfS, (Columns, RuineSyC^tayaHs -tin large pro- portioa";, bold and high, and to be well done ; for fear of LanK/tfJJe jwhkh IS Coon difccrned.

OfCrotefco.

A'S for Groufcoot(AS we Cay') ^ntique-worh •■, It takes my g^^^jJj.^ fancy, though in forms of diiFerent Natures, or Sexes , work, whac SireneSyCfntaures^naA luch likcj as the outward walls oftf'hite- i^ ■'• i/^/Zjobferves this kind;as running- trale-worke, and not ill maflered : But when all is done ( now a dayes J it looks like an Alc-houfej Citizen painting, being too commoni and u- lually elfe-vvhere,wcre very ill wrought. Sxcellem prints of this kind were lojt at Sea^ of Steven de Labella.

And if Toets devife cbcfe double Natur'd-Creatures, why. Dot the Painters \ who can do what the other but befpeake > But in true Judgment I would confine Crotefco, only to Bor- ders and Freezes : then it may become the Wall, within or, without doores. Here a Vriut ofGrotcCcoPjouldhai/e been in[erted.

OfFrefco.

THereisaPainciiigupon Walls called frf/lra : It was of Frcfco theancitntG>'rfc/.i/i5 Noble wayof Painting, and fince wh=»t « «• rtuchufed by the Romans. Plutarch tells ws:lhzi ArMuiihe great Commander \xnd<:t^toUmiec^<y£oypt^ (being curious to fatisfie his Sdveraign's delight in Piftures^ prefented him with fuch Rarities, as his Victories made him Malkr of j or, that he could purchafe at any price, and(in a Complement to the Emperour's afFcilion that way ) fpared the facking of a wealthy Citty, meerly for the Excellency of Frefco- Faintingy upon the Walls, and out-fide of Houfes 5 left the unruly Souldier, by Fircjor ochervvaycs,ftiouId ruine the raritie.

There have been ^^4 J'^(,7'/^7■^5 of this worke, in whole Towns feverall Towns oiGERMANT^ rarely donejbut now rui- °^'^'' ^^^fi'c- ned by Warre.

At Rome j there are three Chambers, in the PopesPalldce, of Three Chaiu- Frefcoe-jdone by Riif/haelHrbin^znd Julio RomanOi{his difciple,) ''"s in Romi» who Bnifhed hiiMafter's vvorf?!e,and are yet ca\\ed,Raphaells defignes. Other phccs^doneby ^ndreA del fexto, andc^- cha I Angelo-,dind Ibme other Artifls.

At Fountaifi-hleau in Frttnte^ is moft excellent wbrke of this And inFrancf."

H kinds

'^ TheExfteflemiArt

kind i they ilre thec6htinued Tfavails ofUlyfef in 6o.Piecesy

doneh'^'SoUiimfo^ Jkai-tin j^otife-i I' lorevtit^fj and dihers. But

more of this hereafter jwhert we fhew the manner and order

of thisrtv6rke, in thd leedttd Book.' ' -;•■'• ^ ; ', ■ -"-' «<"'! ^ -

j'liii^oiib iiuoi ii iL

To place the TtSium wjtUn Doors.

' "'*'''^' • ■"■>

To difpofe T Et US therefore contrive our "PiBures within doors , fpare PiaurpviNvith- I ^yctar purfeand^ains, noted Clutter the Room with too in "looFV,! many /'rf^^J5unleflt iri 9^//r/Vcy' arid Repcjita/-ies^ as raritj'es of feverall Artrzart's" interminglied 5 otherwife it becomes onlya PtAMeri-Shop^ for choyceof falet'-i'-^i i-idi ^-jxTJlo'o.Ur/i How for light? Pljce your beft fieces^ro be feen with firigleligh'ts :- TIio* rough Lights on both fides, or double windows at each end, are Enemies to the view of Painting ; for then the fhadows fallnot naturall, being alwayeS made to anfwcr one Light. Obferve in their placing, as you may fee how the Painter . , ftodd in'his working, the light of the wifidoWstofall upon

the right fide of the workc from whence their Shadows ^1- wayes fall backward. The lUlians evermore, ft:»nd low beneath their high windows , fo then, the fhadows in his fi- gures,havc that r€fpeft,as a defccnding light , beft for mens faces,and (hews them lively;and generally lojv Lights to large Orderly for pj^ces, do prejudice Paiutings. , ^

Then beftow them orderly, and in their Qualities pro- perly, and fitly, for Ornaments j left your coft and dif. -•'•'•■■ cretion,becaftaway at once.

In the entrance of your houfe, or Torch ; with fome i?»/?/- rjf«e figures,or things rurall. the Hall ihe Hall with Paintings oi Neat-heards^PefantSiSbep-htfirilFj 'Milke-maides attending Cattlc,in proper degrees, fome other z\^o,o^ Kttchemj':) fcverall forts oiFoul and Fi\hi fitted for the Cooking. ' f

Staire-Cafc. Pidures becomes the fides ofyour^/^/J/Vifva/^ •, when the grace of a Painting invites your gueft to breathe, and f.op at the eafe-pace 5 and to delight him, with fome Ruine or Build- ing which may at a view,ashe palTesup^be obferved. And a Piece over-head, to cover the Siding^, at the top-landing, to be fore-fliortned, in figures looking downward, out of the Clouds with Garlands or Corau-Copin'i^to bid Wellcome. Great Cham- The Great Chamber with Landskip^^Hutttihgi, Fijhing, ber.'' ftWM^5or,////?ory of Notable adions.

Dyning- The Dyiiin^-Roome ; with 'the moft eminent 5 a King and

Roome. Sl''fer>^ if poflibly to be purchafcd at any rave, ( I mean their

Piftures ) rarely done : the want whereof in former times, .^Mt-..^ai Wei:e fupplyedonely, with the Court-Arms of their Maj^f-

tiesi

x^mntmg, ly

tyfes :; few gob^nitr; efts tii«<i3but conceived it expedient, to cxprefsthcii Love and Loyalty, by- fame fuch£»/i'Zfiwi?, or^ rote of remembrance. But then in reverence to their Per- fons,forbea\^iO|jJaceanjr^ather PJAujes^^f-Lifei \a«not wor- thy their Gompani6ns;being,themfelve5, Ornament fuffici- cntjfor any. Room.-unlefs'Xasfome will have it ) at the ne- ther end, two or three, of their ownbloud ; Orotchiefc i\rv^/uj, (Fayonriti) to waite upon their princejy Per-

fyfii. \ -j].: : : t ..;.-. .•-../• ... _-l/i

\x\\vfMA\y')X\^rdT(Mi)t^'C\}(mler% V placeothersctfiUjiei^j&jlDrawing- whetber of Honour, friendlhip or of Art only, (v •. ; , P"""^"'*

Your own and your wives or Children, beft becomeyour Bedcham- difcretion, and her modefty, (if (he be faire^ to furni(h the bcr. moft private,or Bed-Chamber iieft,(be:ng too publique) an /f4/i4/y- minded Guef^gaze too long an chem, and commend the worke for your wivc's fake. Jii .-» •::*;. i :

We had an arrant Knight, notortbusin this error , who vvasfo miftaken with the love oFhis wife and handfome daugiiterSjtnat in each hole (of his houfe I mean^ you might falute them 5 As for which,they became the more common here, and after beyond Seas,to his and their ruine.

€heerfuli Paintings, In Banquetti/ig Rooms: but hcre,as any Banquctting- whcre,forbear Ohfcene Piftures ; thofe Cemaures, Satyrs Ravi- Rooms. fljinps^Jupiter-fcaifes in {everaW Shapes-, though often done by rareArtifts .- unlefs you mean topubiifti the fign, becaule you delight in thefinn. "'v^'

Gi-azer ftories ; Hi{lo,ies your beft figures^ and rareft worke Gaikriec becomesGalkricsjhere you Walk, Judge, Examine, Cen- furc.

Lanclsliipi become Ghimney-pieces, Bofcage^ and f^F'ild-. worke, iiVTar, -aces or open placesjSummer-Hou(es,5 tone- walks ^'^"'^^'' -* forac Church Prolpeftjor Buildings, fet out wcll,at the end oftheWaike. V^"-"^ rr' •-.•i'''c •'

One Rule for all, and every pieces •, If they hang high a- j^,,^^^ hove reachjfec them fomcwhat bending forward, at the Top from the wall j becaufe(asoneobferves)the vifuallbeames of the eye, extend to the top ofthePidure, appcare far- ther off, then the foot ; to reduce it, allow the advantage of ftooping forward above.

And thus much oiTtBures thtir Choyce and /(/«f, there be- ing five kinds of Paintings. Dipmperor Sife-colour ; Frefcoe^ ^'^-^^^^^f Oyle-Colours 5 CHiaiture or Frater-Colours ; C^oyonS) or dryJCo- lou/s.

By this time having told you thus much, to make you in Love with the VVorke, let me fay fomewhat to teach you the A RTh and fo to fave your purfe,aad delight your pradice. Which

z8 T^he Excellent ojirt

Drawing and Defigning

Which to do, I raufl: begin, with the beginning of the Pradtife of the Peniind tben,to the P£»fil.

OfDranping^and Deftgning in generally

I Have marvailed, at the negligence of Parents in gencrall 3 they not to enforce a Ncceffity, in the Education of their thcircxcd- youth5tothisArtofI>/'4»'/«^and2)e//^«/«^, being fo proper lent ufc. ^-^j. ^j^y courfe of Life whatfoever. Since the ufe thereof forexpreflingihcConceplionsoltheMind, feems littlcin- feriour,to that of Writing 5 which in no man, ought to be •risrfoiis deficient. And in many Cafes, DrAwingdinA Dejigningiper- formSjWhat by words are impoffiblejand ( to boot) perfc61:s the hand, for all manner of writing.

. And, if it be the generallRule, ( or fliould be) that Chil- dren be taught fome gentle ^/d«a-/4£?«/-f i then, doth this of Draningj apt them for thofe. For almoft, nay in any ^n, we muft refpeft Rule, and Proportion, which this makes per-' fed. And fuchaswillnot make it up to a trade, yet, the Idea thereof, renders a man very ufefull.

As for Navarchyt Modells for building Ships^and Rig- ging them.

Archtteiiure J Modells for Houfesi.

A)3atomiei,iorva\n%Skeletofts. tTicS loft MAgnetich ; CompafJes^Gloks, lajlrumems, DialU.

at Sea. Batonicks ; Gardning.

Ajironomicalh.

Gral^ing-tSccbing^CartinOyErfihlingi Moulding, ^c: '

Thus much in general], for the Excellencie of this Art.

But to our particular purpofc of P4/W«^, it is the only Confequencc. And therefore to draw well with the Te/>^ after a Copy, or the Life, is the moft difficult to begin , and the only painSjfor the prefentj but when mattered, the whole worke oiDefigning ( which leads you into Painting^ will become the greatcftpleafurejand of more variety, then zny MaauallProfefion what ever. Being the fingular delight, rather to be doing, then to have done. The Spirits ever- more refrethed, with new fancies, and unexpefted fuccefs inthecnd, are never wearied. The livelincffe ofthefan- cie, cannot be contained within the compafs of ordinary pradicc,readily expreffing the inward Motions of a forward mind.

The

of Painting.' z^

-ifV:

The FraBice of Dra rving or Defigning.

I Would prepare you with Rule and Compafle, ando- J/^j^P^^j^'" ther Inftrume ntSjncceflary for you to lye by you at hand > and Dcfig? but ad\ifc you to praftife without them 5 It is your eye"'"g> muft judge, without artificiall Meafuriiig. And when you have paft my firft dircftioas, and are perfed to draw by the Life, you may afterwards, in large Proportions and di- mcnfionsjufe your Inftruments, both for perfeftion, eafejand fpecd.

So then you may have large and lefle paircsof CompafseS} the one foot fliortcr,toput therein a /<?» for Inke, or Black lead; a ftrait Ruler and a Iquirc. Oj BoXiHolly^Salloiv^

afidrrick-wDod. ■ ,,...• '

Provide your felf neceffarily o£ Cole-Penfjls ,{^\\t into fhi- verSjfrom a Charcoale of Sallow noocl^ foft with a pith run- jung through it,well burnt, the grain, and Colour like Black Satten. Other Penfiils, of Black-lead, Black and white Chalkc,and PajUHi alfoofleverall Colours j the making and ule is liercafter taught you in the fecond book.

Get a booke in Folio., of a double Quire of fine Paper, ( as alfo fome (heets of Blew Papers and other Colours ) to avoid loofe leaves, foon loft 5 that by overlooking your firft draughts thereon,you may wth incouragement, delight ia your proficieni-y.

The foundation of Proportion confifts in fcverall particu- lar figures, by which,! would have you enter your Dr4»- if/os 5 as the Circle fizaiU'^quare^TrAr^gle^Cilinckr : Each ofthefe have their effeds.

Ov.ii//, is a diredion for the Fjce Square, for Platforms^ buil- d'ngSjfortihcations jOyf/f, tor zWOrliciAar shapes ;Tria»gle^ for ti.reeCid^\iT\es;CilinJer ioT Pillars, Columns ; and thefe with fmall pradice^you will Mafter : they dojbutjmake your hand.

Begin your Example,by a Copie or Print,of thofe feverall How to draw /oyw.j ol^ figuresja theSw/-, iull-.^oo/?. Orbicular f/owr/'y, ore- ''y Copytj. thcrCircular fhapes, and fo of the. reft, by the outfideline on- ly, without iliadow,. f r

Thefe I propofc as moft eafie, to win your aflfedion, to more difficulties ; to bring your hand,ro hold your Cole, to draw lightly, to wipe it out, with a feather and to pradicc it, over again, until! you mafter thefe formes, as your firft worke., in .v • ^

Then, pra£lire by feverall members of the body ; in fomeoffevcraii Prii.t ; as the Eatf^Ey^Nofe, Hat^d^ Foot, Legg, by themfelves ",\^J"^^" °^

}'

The Excellent iArt

Head and Shoulders.

in feverall Poftures> all which are particularly defigacd for this Art.

The next is ^by a Prints or Copy of a Head and fhoulders of z Manor iyoma/3, frame the out dimenfion or Table, which comprehends your Sample with equall linesjwhether Square^ ,Circ[e,orOvsll',hy help of Rule and Compafs.

Obferving the diftance from the lines of your Table, by your eye-, then take your Cole, made very fine andlliarpc.

with a Pen knife, or fmooth File. Begin from the top of the Broip or Forehead 5 trace the out line ot the face down to thetipof thcffe/w withafoftand gentle hand, hardly dif- cernable, wiping it out with a feather, or pieceof Spanida Leather with (harp Corners fo oft,until your praftice comes like your Pattern.

Then gently draw Orbicular,the out fide line oi the' h'ad^ from the Broiv where you beganjto the Croir?i J and fo back- wards, down to the Neck, compaflingit tothe T/jyo^itand CJb/^,vvbere you left ; all which becomes Ozall.

Then gueffeat ihe Eye-howei ; marke out the place of the Eyes ; between thcm,draw down the Nofe and Nojiyjlh^ fcore out the Line,and length of the Mouth and Ltpps 5 laftly, the Eare^ and the Haire-, falling upon the F^rf 5 wipe it out all with a feather 5 leaving the Lines difcernable only,by which you may dil'cover the errors and amend them.

Then draw it all again as before ; overlooking each part, unttll it becomes realonable •-, then peifeft the Eyef^Nofe^Lips, £'j-/'f5,H.i/V, goon boldly i adventure a ftroke or Line, down from theC^/>/,for the 7 hroate '^the Back-ftroake, alike, from thefi4'r,tothe Ned; and Shoulder ; and fo proceed to the BreafliOr further dowujasyour Print is in lengihjwhich com- monly is not deep, for a Head:

Looke over this workc; be not difcouraged, though de- formed^wipe it out as before 5 and by the Errors, amend it fo oft till it become reafonable hand(ome.

Let this draught remain in' your Book 5 begin another of the famejand lb a third, or more ; perfeding each with cou- rage, and confidence, for 2 or three feverall dayes praftice, that you may find delight in your proficicncie.

When you can Matter a finglc head offeverall poftures ;

ZS fiiie-face, three gutters and /till ilookin^ upivard^ dvrvfnvardy

fQre-{hortried\ Then adventure on a whole figure at length,

ManjKrowai'tiOr Child ilheniome skele:ohs., forward, back,

arid fidc,and after all,cloathed with Garments '-, Eajlly^ fha-

skclccons. dow cach one of thofe feverally, as a true Copy from the

Trtncjpall • drawing over the Lines of the Charcode^axxd then

over that, with a Ravent qutUpe/j^fot to remain in your book,

andhatchit. , .-^ "^ ^ ^ -^^ -A'"- :':' I

i^akds.

vf Painting, 31

I had prepared Prints for all theft direBions i>ut they are loji at Sea.

Black Claike Penfils draws handfomely (without the Cole) upon BlfiV'papr/jznd lliadowed neatly ; being heightned with ^-■"'''*- Wht:e-lcad- /'<jj//Y.<, you may practice upon feVerall coloured papers,as the ground and fliadowjand hei'^^hcen it with other Colour PaiHls,as your fancy afFefts.

By Copies of Prims ^firft drawings of good mafterSsbyP^/V?- ti/i^i ox by S cut i>tures oixownd ; and then by Obfervation of nature, in the Ltje, learn to underftand ( before you (hall pcrfedtly draw them ) the reafon and caufe of true (hadows ot 5o</Vf jjas they appear heightned,outwardj or deepned, in their Co"caije or hollow. Which are caufed by neerneffe, as farther diftancejfrom the light^and therefore, thofe Prints which ducly obferve them5expreG much judgments and the XIWC spirit of a V I Burr.

T>rapery-^armefits ^of feverall 5fa)fy, tporfeor fine , Silke^ Drapcrywhat? Vyollen^ox Linnen, have their different and naturall folds 5 So as in the LineSjofgreatetjor fotter fhadows,(wcll done by anArtift) you may O^oughio black and whitejeafily dif- ccrne the meapiog of tne draught j to be of fuch a 5r«J[ff , or Qloathin^.

Inftiatjpwing, with hatches, or fmallftrokes(a3 in your Of hatching. print)ulethepenot a Kavens-quill Jand be furc not to crofs any ftroake, before the former be dry i left they runne into each other.

After fome pra6lice with thePen( which follows the ufe ot the Co]e)proLeed to niadow,\vith black and whiteCW^y, in ftroakeSjOr fweecningCas in Painting.)

For your better directions herein, get fome Dcfignes or draughts, done in Chalie, Red-oaker^ dry Colours^ Cray- ons j or pjjitlls-, tor your patterns.

The belt Prints, for true proportion ; take Raphael ^x jhchta other Old Artizans well graven. Prints.

Co/fm,(a Hollander ol //<z//fw,) varies his poftures, ve- ry much J large and bold hatches ^ but curious and f/wf, in all his (hadows j Alcbael Aageloy his )?ieces are not com- mon, a famous Italiau; Ham Holber,^ a perfeft Mafter ; his bold hand appeares in feverall Ornaments of Paintings at Whitehall Chappell,and Palace ^ at Greenntch, Hampton Court-: tut moftly defaced by the injurie of time. He was im- ployed by King Her.ry the Ei^^hth againft the entertainment of the Empercur Chariei the 5thj his Prints are not com- mon.

Shadan^Wieriiri^ Spranq^a^ Michaell-Jans of Del^h^lphael and shadtn and o. ^ohn Sadlerjixid other Adafers fanSiNumber. thcrs.

Now

j'L The hxaeljent nArt

Moft Pifturcs NoWjthough wc namef/^f/Vjas otherArtizans, for draughts,

are Copied by ^^ j ^^ ^^ jj^^^ ^jj.j-j j^^ Pr/«« i VOU Oiuit knOW that thcV WCrC

Pat/>ters^ and ror the molt part, wrought their Pieces firft> . by defigoe, and draught, with blacke and white chalkes in little ; an«l fo in Oyl-ColonrSito the Ltfe or Hifiory : from which other Mafters, Graiers in Copper, or Etching with Strong-watery have prefervcd them in Prints, for more publick ufe,and e- ternall memory of the firft Authors, either after their firft DraughtSjor Paintings. With feverali So ihall you havc, two or three, or more, feverall Names Names to of t-times,fct to the Print j the Defigner^the Painter -.the Graxier^ and fometime the Printer. Our excellent Artifts m Gra- ving axe^Father Lamhert-^ Hollar^ Vaugtiaa^ Tre^ethen^ caj-woad, Crofje. Not to Paint By this time,and PraiSiice, you exped that I (houldput Dmw wdL you '"^o Pairing, the ufuall longing dcfire of the Praftitio- ner^ but forbear, by any means, untill you be excellent in Copying of draughts, according to the foreiaid Rulesjnay, untill you can boldly and truly, adventure upon your own fancie, and defigne a Pattern tor others. And believe it for truth j hally Colouring, undoes the Painter . He {ball never be excellcnt,that is not ready ,in his own Draughts , Nor be able to paint (andbeefteeroed ) till he underftand a PiBure as it fhould be made. And therefore, give me leave to read a Lecture of the /'OB'fr J of a Pointer,

Of the powers of a Fainter and Fainting.

inrckrcnct to r^Hilofophers, divide the univerfe ( which is their fub- Plniofophy j^jeft^into three Region ^ 5 C^lejUall, Aertally Terrejtri-

all.

'^°^"y So the P0£ 7^5, (whoimitatehuraain Life, in meafured

lines,)have lodged themfelves, in three Regions of Man-

And liind iCo^rttCittyyZndCoumry.

. . So, the P yi I N^TE ':R,Sy(whoie Anis to imitate Nature)

*'" '"^' performe it in three feverall Qualities ; Defign, Proportion^

and Colour. Into three < ' And thefc, into three lorts of P^//;r/;2_g j ProfpeBiue, (or forts. iLanc'fktp,) Hifioricall, and Ltfe.

VrofveBive \ a wonderfull frecdome, and liberty, to draw , cvi^n, what you lift j /b various is Nature in that. ■J.-; Hifioricall ■, refpefts due 'Proportions and figures. - ' . Life j only the Colour, /t j j c. . J 't

In each of the fe J you mufl: have dependeocy upon all , ,^,, theoffcfribut neceffarilyjon each in particular. Of iraitatroii; T^c poweis ot a Painter, is expreffeij by Imitation oiNa.

turall

• iL

of Painting. "^j ia^

ra''<i//thing8,whfreofth^moft excellent, are ever, themoft lii^cuh 5 ea!ie to paint drormiy.

In your Imitations of Art or Copying, obfervc to hit the virtues of the iMcce, and to rcfufe tiic vices ; for all UHafters have iomewhat^ot :hm both.For,7W«f/W5,may be pufr-up, ■ butnot/r4.'f/> 5 ftar\ed in Colour, not ' 'elicate -, ra(h^noiCofi- pcient'yNenligeni^woi PUufi. Severall men, Icverall excellen-J" ''^'"'^ cics : Some in Grace, Boldn^fs, Diligence^ Suktlity, LMagntfi- ^jilitics. cence^ isc, (as aforefaid). In all, do not imitate outward Orname/,t^y but exprefs inward force? Yet in fome Pieces I have found thefe vertues not plealiag,and5even vice«(chem- felves) graceful!; but then, it hathbeen by a Mafter, that boldly did if,to fhew,that he was able, to make his conceite a pattern, (as before faid.)

Generally, foHow beft Majlers, left an indifFcrent r^c/jr^ bring you to an evill halite.

Proficiencie of Paimtug, is purchafed, notf'aliogether) Of Fande. hy Imtiaiton-, (the common drole-way of ordinary P^z/wrf/j) if you negleft the ameivdment,by your own j7f/7f>o«<fancie j {Ejiautem proprielmaiio rerum ariimo wjia'enti am). For ^he that on- ly follows another's fteps,muft(nceds)be the lafl in the race ; Lazy Painters ftudy not, the brain : Nature can do much with DoHrihc 5 but npt Do?rine-,V!i\ihovitNAture : Nature^isof greater Moment :Every Artificer hath a peculiar grace,in his own workc, agreeing to his Na:ure , though many(of the o- ther !ort,)owe moft to Do3r/«f.

The force,of Imitation of jVd'wrfjis in the Fri«f/tf 5 which' workcthwith the more Wifdome. It being an imagina- twe jaculty^ OF f^'tj and is fct en worke to ima^ine^ what we have feen Cor at kaft made up with fome other Senfe') being surpaffing tYiQ Print or foot-fteps of Sf/./>. It is the treafury ofthe imitation, mind, The darknc fs of n^ght awakes our Specutattor.s of the' day ^ when fli:epfailes,the^t//^«^ doeSjthen, digeft thecon- ceived things into C)rder j that fo, the whole inventiotk wants notmng, but the hand of the Artificer, toeffeitthe worke 3 and, without Art, to do, /w^^^/«tfffo« is ufelefTej^ Fancte fupplyes Imitation's weaknefs fthe property and Of- fice whereotjis \.oretJ;n t. ofe images, and figures, which the Common .yf«/£' receives : Firft, from the fxrcy/orfenfej and then tranfmits it to the jW^»j^«t 5 from thence,to thefanCie s and there locked up, and covered in the wfwor)i ; and we may alter and move with the re-prefentation of things, al- though it have them not prefentywhich thecommon^ffl/'f can- not iiavCjUnleffefr^/Vwr. V

Herein appears the marvailous force of Imagination yj^^^y''<^ A man fleeps, his Senfcs are at reft, yet his J maoi nation is "''■' luy K at

J 4 The Excellent ^Art

at worke S and offers things to him, as ifprefentj and a- wake. filn^and"r Imagination txio^QS the paffion and affedions of the Sow/ » fcftions. and can provoke the body, to change the Occidents ^&sto make a manfidpr well ; [arrow ^]oy^j ear.

We may paint a conceived, or intelligible thing, PerfeB, by tlic Idsa oiFancie : but,by Imitatioh-, we may iaile oiPer- fettion. Hence it was, that th^Antienis intending to excell in the forms and figures of their J^'/?<:^^^, would not i nutate, Mr. May. Of take a pattern, gencrated,but rather, by a conceived dei- cription of Him^owt of Horner^ or other I'oeis.

Thercis in the/iorw and (hape of things^a certain perfeftioii and excellencie 5 unto whofe conceived /^trf-y, fuch things by Imimton^nrc referred, that cannot be feen. Toencreafe j^o amend fa/-/cie,we muft lodge up fuwh rarities,as are ad- miniftred to fightjtoencreafe the meditation of/4/.af^ as in your dayly view of forms and (hadows, made by lights and darkneffes ; fuch as in the Clouds neer fummer Sun-fettingi which foon alter change and vanifh, and cannot remain for Copying, but muft be lodged in the 'a/>cie Co that it is no difficulty, toftudy this Art tp^/i^/^^ by day or night. In your bed, waiing or jJeepif/g, or what dreams and fair.cie pof- fcfles your deep. You have Leflbns in ali,and Paintings there are of either. A dorder it ^^ ^ draught ofdejigne, the Artift muft fancie every circum- pifture. ftance of his matter in hand ; as ufually Ruhe^js would(with hisArms a crofs}fit mufing upon his work for fome timejand inaninftantin theJivelinelTecf fpirit, with a nimble hand would force out, his over»chargcd /rd/«inrodefcription,as not to be contained in the Compafs of ordinary pradice, but by a violent driving on of the paffion. The fommocfofis of the mind, are not to be cooled by flow performancc:difcreet diligence^ brings forth Sxallence : Care, and Exerafe, are the chiefeft precepts of ^irt. But, ^ilfge/;ce is not to rtagger, and flay at unneceffary Experiments 5 and therefore i have ob- fer^ed in excellent Pieces a willing ncgled, which bath ad- ded fingular grace unto it. Be not fo over-curious that the grace of your worke be abated by the over diligence j as never to tell, when you have done weli : therein you will be maximui tut Calum/uator^ your owne worft de- traBor. Not to dwell Nottodwelluponevery//w, nor to alter what is well; upon dofign- n waHts tfuc judgment ^and makes it worfe ^ and fo to love »ng> every thing we do, whilft a doing, though too much. Not

being able in theexercife o^ de(ign!ng,to overtake the quick- aeffeof/^ie(/> ; we mitft therefore unbend the intention of

out

Ul 3

of Painting, j^

our thoughts > breathiog, and reviewing what is done, by which we make a handforae connexion of things.

To adde or detraft , to allay thofe things which fwell too To corrcft mucbjto raife things that finck, to ty things that flow, to**^*"^'* '™''^*' digell or compofewnat i? without order, to rcflrain what is Tuperfluous, require double paines 5 to lay it by for. a time, and as it were to give it new birth > fe^ina Ufite.

Admit ofcenfure^ What others juftly reprehcnd,amend;Andtorubmit jipelles did fo 5 great wifdome in a confefTed ignorance^ to Cenfmc. and be content with every ones opinion, for you (hall lye opeOjUnto two cxceptionsjthc Incompetent^ and the corrupt witnelTc 5 the firft, if not a Painter 5 the fecond, if no Poet.

But ifyour Piece deferre it, a man of knowledge (hould being wifei/ fay in general termes. ^'^s«''-

That you have chofen a good Argument^ Story or Hlfiory.

That the Tarts ire excellently difpofed.

The UHaintenance of the feverall chara6ter«, of thePerfons, properly.

The dignity and vigour of the expreiEon, in Forme and Colour.

A good Spirit:b°ld\y done,&c.

And fo, it may feem to have in it performed, all the parts of various expfrience,c\eer judgment, ready memoryy fwift and well govern'd /^<2«f/>,and this being enough for truth,and the weight and credit,of a fingular teftimony.

But ifyour underftanding be call'd to councell, you may pleafe both parties, and fpeake like a ftranger in this or the like mmmetyviz,

OfaFiStnre.

IKnoTf not her Perfon for the Life ; Tet 1 like the Figure ofthft Lady.Alt-i.ely Spirit and^oodGrAcejVeli wroughti^onndyand Neatly patnted. The Lady becomes a Limner's Art. He takes the lt(je paim,when Nature makes her fo^to his hand. GomelyTall. // lbedejiguedheroj9npo(lure, it uas done with difcretion. Bon-Mene adds to Nature^ndyet to yield her the due, a Hand fome Lady , ^ ieautiotu hlu\hiHg Browne.

Her haire proper tt the complexion j neatly put into Curies and folds. I believe ^e di'ddireB her own Oreiife, andfofaves the labour of his hnc\t.for iflmijiake not, 0e Lady wants no wilt, nor lodge- ment tofet her felf forward.

The face made up of excellent parts . A quick Eye and full^ a- mends the defeB in the Colour i andjet the circled i>rows gracefully

J6

"The Lxcelknt Qjin

b'ig and black Her Noje not oxer -Romane, with Noftrils fair e- KOu^iJ!. A full mcuthnhe laraerjefj'eof the Lipps conimei'.daUeJecauft' .pluitip and Red. I like well the deepned fbadow firoak^ nhich parts ■ th'em^a»d almcft jhews her iMry teeth,as if to appear;and altogether . feems to he [peaking.

. The i.e>j dimple hy f/A^Cheek, with a wanton touch of the Penfil , j,if'gl'^ f'^ts out her Icokt^xnoli lozel) '.Somewhat long vifage\and it may he m true meafure to the Life^andfufficient Symmetry. But fee\the Titinter hath done his part and me/^ded Nature by round jhadoivi} wh'ichdeceives the Eye to the better. Ue did well to make her face mt too full^the features had Seen Ujje becommino.

The Head is well fet on^ fupported by her Noble Neck : round- fifing lull and fat. Ample Brefts interlined with Rii^eret VaueS ■5't'<',/V<'5 thefwellirg Papps like fair Pome- iratei s. The Nijples too, likeRaibevry fountatns^tn true center to tijeir circles. Her brawny Anns of- gocdfieO.'jand pure colour. A Hand well drawn^the fingers fpread,a»dyet not forced. Fler Body weUfed^not too fat. An Italian Don's delight. ".'"" ' • -•

■ Her D) apery of good fafhioni true Mode; the lery Colour not improper for h(r complexion ; well chafen Colours become the countenance. Certainly ^ the 'Pa.inier woi well paid ^ or felj- pleafed in his owne worke^ for it mu(i be valued a Maftcr- picce of Lilly and might fhew with more advantage^ hy a better It^-ht,^ .

This way and manner to commend, docs not a miffe for the'Painter,nor tothePerfonifthe worke deferve merit. Yet judgment will be the more true, when your eye dwells not upon particular8,but views the Limbs apart, and ikips from fcverall Objedi:s,fo a full Clofe5and Ccnfure of all.

It is pitty that a Piece well doncjlliould hang like an offen- der in Chaines,as if fet up only, to be feen a tar off not :o be valued neer hand. I could wifli that the Ladies would read their own Leftures this way, and though notfobecom- ming to commend themfLlves, ( which the man does too muchjto their faccs^yet they may cuni>ingly informe under- hand, and fet out the wdrke to the full view of their own excellencie. To teach the Gallant by fuch Artificiall Pat- terns^ how to aicribe due praife to a defcrving perlon and fo in fooch with modefty and truth, to commend both as in particular upon the Lady r.mdikes Pifture in Eng- hftd.

■ ^ ....

of Tainting: '-^^ v j^

I marry Sir, randick's rare Mlftrcffe, and bis Rafter- piece, the needed not of his An to help her forward. A goodly Plump, Fat, well Favoured , well formed Fi- gure.

A lovely lookc.How (he leers out her inticeing ItdisnAted eyes,able to confound a Saint. Her Habit put into a Gar- ment, call it a Pecty-coate, and H^aji-coAte^or morning dreffe. (an Alphabet ofTiths^ ferves not fafficient to number the names of Ladies coverings.)

But ile fay fo much for this Piece, not overcurious ( it feems) to fet out her felf. A delicate JfabelU farfnetj the Bodiescackt together before, with/o«r Jewells fet into but- tons oiDiamondi-jOti each fide thereof an Orient Pearle, anda fift Jewel more faire,the pendant to the other fbur,in fafhion alikeionlyjthe loweft pure Tearle^ fo large, ( fuch is the Pain- ters Art to make it)in§ftimable. Thefe but untacked, (with little paiaes,but much paflion) you come to the/wof^,which peeps out between them , and at the /;4/j<5^-B;rf/;f careleflely purfled of pureft Holland(tht Nunns nere fpun neater twint) which needs no f/<iWfn-lace to come oecr it. Indeed the Nations are at Odds, we know, their lydre may not mingle. What a ftately head (he has ! wcl fet on ! A goodly Rope of PearU furrounding her (irm, fair,and noble Neck-jiall and fat flc(hed/feo«Wfr.s plump ^rftfj/s, well coloured /it/;?, and alto- gether,able to indure a mans handling. Her hatre of a well chofen mingled Colour,(as you may lay)of ^// into one. Not hoif/:, nor l^lack^ and too too gracetull (he was, to ptoduce a fiaxen.X can tell that the Taimer was put to ir, upon two Pal- /drt full,tomixe them into a Colour, Vi/hich made it as you feealoiely pure hri<iijt Aburn \ with which the darkned folds, fet out each Circle, fulficient to enchant a man into thgfe Mazes. But that her looks were fo neer, which hooked yours into her f)r-^d//>,full black and rouling, and when (he had you,{he hekl you there. Only, you might have leave to (teal to her C/jfa' and L.'^^if,and there to dine and lup,and lip. The wholefranieof her (acea very Miracle of Nature. Her counter. Ance double, for though (lie feems to invite you, y et with fo much m3Jefty,as to command your difl:ance,on- ly toadmircnot to meddle.

And what's her /j/wr/'-, would you think ? Somewhat (he muft have o(tajhto» to fet her out.Surely,No!fhe needs none Yet (he goes not farra to fetch it. A Sap green and golden coloured Oken-btanch tackc to her bead. 'IheErnblem/'^Siroi'/^ and laj.v.^. So was (he, abounfing Bona-Roba^xo induie for ever.

L Hold

'j8 ^^YheExcellentzJlrt |

Hold Sir ! Her fclf gives you the Enfignc of Religion j for ■ having done her devocionythe wraps her Row of Beads a- bout her Arm, lifting up the pendant erode, as who (hould

izy : At the end of' all. Look uf on this Sir:, and you jhall r/ever [mm.

I

'Tis

of Painting. jp

* lisyandick's. The firft Painter rhat e're put Ladies dreffe into a careJefs Romance.This way fuits well to moft fancies, and not improperly befits the various modes, that alter with the time, and which our zine-folkes call a New-fa(hion. But if we looke upon Paintings of late agcs,how ill doth the apparrell in ufe then, become the Pidure now ? A Noble Cuftomeoftheanticnts, to be fo divers in their drcfTe, as not ferioufly to fettle upon any ; and fo of this and other his Pieces of different deviled dr^fs.

This figure fyou fee) fide-way j perhaps her body would not otherwifcbeareitout forward, with fo much advantage as to the pleafing humour of Plumpnefle- She feems flat- breafted i and therefore the Painter has done what he can by Art,to hide defedts of Nature, and fets her out in fuch a pofturc b;. ft becommingherparts.Yet hath he given her^race to her good Face, which the turns from the bodies pofture and (hews itatthcheitithree-quarter. She is fair and full, not fatjpIumpenough,and with good features to her length; Not over-tall, nor too (lender. See,fee, how pretily flie is bufied to wreath her Lilly flowr'd branch into a Chspelet which fignifies her innoceat mind intent to Nature, not Art, holding it forth as an Embleme, that Solomon in all hit Loyalty camefijort of JVAture's parity. A light brown hair j handfome- lycurl'djnot too forward upon the face. Her fair checks and pure complexion need not her locks, for lliadow, them- felves will bear out all cenlure^and the better, for (he ufed no Arc to make them Red, nor hath the Artizan painted them at all. Look behind, how her Trefll-srouleupwith ropes of Pearle j rich and prerty, without fo much as a knot of fancie tobe feen,or any ftrain of drefs about herjher mind feems to be more ferious. Her eyes fomcwhat fad. A Cherry lip and full, which does invite you. Her neck,fomc- thing too long jand therefore, the rope of pearl does well to help nature which cinnot promife plumpneffe.

Take her togeti.er, fhes better for a brave Wife, than a compleat Millrefs ^ her mantle rich for Winter-covering. A deep Ruby veivet,lin'd with Aurora farfnet with excellent true (hadows well folded,& tackt up backwards,with an c- quall pair o^Collas, pure Ovall Smratds, large and fair, well fet,betvveen four Pea/les (quarterly) round and great. Over all, a tippit oiSal/rs rich and deep -, Certainly, the great Tart^ir fcnt it*a prefent to falute her. It fets ofFthe colour of her flcinne. Pine Lilly w. lite 5 fmooth as unfpotted Mjrble ("if it were proper,or poffibly comparative in any degree, to pattern lively fle.lijto be like a ft me.)

Her linien not leen at alljunlefs her fmock-fleeves> cuffed

with

g^Q The Excellent aArt

with a Neat-mew-fanaion- Flaadci's l&ctjrich and deep. Her Armsahdhands Well formed by nature, and obaynotbeili done by the Artizan. Akogether,ftramed equally to an eeven featUi-e^ No parts ftrain d,to make het other than (he fhould be» A handfome Piece, well worth the Painter's fame, that hath hot left hisfellow.

A

of Fainting. ^^

A PiBuire of the Hmband and hk Wife.

IT is a painting of figures^ infeparably rw, and fo made up in CO one TiSture ; nor needs there any more addition* thewfelves are grace fufficient,io fill up a ftory; The deHgne (ets it out,as after ^Mid-Noon Summerjwhen heat hath influ- ence on hearty affedions.

A new Bed- Bridal I went out a walking, led by the way in- to a well-grown Wood, where,under the bram-hed boughes of an ample Oak they two fat billing •' and after all, in the clofe df the Even J the Married Ma» ftarts up, andlooketh wifhly on Her.

Bis AfpeB cheerfull 5 a filent testimony of a cleer Soul and an eeven Co/'fcience at j>eace with it felf. His Countenance not more nor lefs than Manly 5 His C^fiitutioa Sanguine, com- plexion ruddie. His hair of good grace, and proper colour> a diiikrted brown fitted for length and curling 5 eye-browSy more fid^full ey'd and quick. The Nufe fdmewhat riCng, not Ro- man-.His youthful! chin but thin, for liature was in doubt, whe- ther a Beard were better^ or without:

I might read a Lefiure of his out-fide Limbs, but better what's within. His looks not unlovely, (hew him Manly- mild > a tender heart full of Noble pitty. Ofa Spirit too brave to offer injuries to any, and fo much a Chriftian as co pardon them from an otherSrather willing to fuffer, than to difturbe the temper of his well-compofed mind into a degree of Anger. His Appdrrell of Silke,and (like civility it />//)the Co- lour Black. Hif MantU'Cloake call on his Arme. He looketh long upon her, and having twined his hand in hers. He feems to fpeak unto Her.

' But 5fcf fat ftilli for having found fc^ Eye-balls fierce, and fixed on her^ and he/s the like on ///>», ind they thas im- priloned j both of them blufht, and fhe looks backe : he would have done fo too^ had not her modelty began firft.

Had you but feenW thus upon the fuddain, you would have faid//j(r did fo,as not to undoe him, with over-looking. Her beauty was of brown : Her hair of Aburn-black j and though /fcf fits down, her dimenfion (hew'd her Symmetry of perfonagetall,not thin. Her years beneath his, yet at luch a defined diftance as made cithers age equally maichlclTe. Her beauty,in this blu(h, caufed her to look the more lovely. A full if^^and piercing i the circled brows gracefully big and black 5 Her forehead high,her checks fo well complexion'd, as never (»7/»o.T){he could indure( or need they ) Painting >

M Tome

r4i ^^^ ExceUemtArt

fome-what long vifagcin true meafure of the Life , yet the Painter did his pert by artificial! ftadpws and roundings, that you could not eafily dilVinguifh it, to be any defeft of Nature. Her hair curled in wreaths and folds,as if (he had a mind to enchant the Man into thofe fetter^) and hold him there. Her ear came under all>rouRd and rmall,ruch as men lay belong to witty Women ; the tippe rather graced a Pearl than that It : In form it was moft like a Fear (ap doubt there wasapaire, the other though unleen j but of fuch Value that a fingle one might be fent a Prefent to aPriqccflejthc pat- tern fampled a ^o/>f of them fo round, that they werecno- hkdmtoh&e Neck-lace. Her drefs.her own direction, fui- paffing the Faiaters defignjfo thcn,flie might teach him that Artjfor ever after. H^r JC^so^ of choyce Kibind fap-green andj^v^rjfancied into witty fafhions, twining hex hair like maz.es made up into round Rouls, that lodged in the Crown and Q%x^'u^ of hej^ Hee,d..]i^\xid.

Her Head was well fet on (as Artifts ufc to fay )fupport€d by a round fiecke, down behind to her nGngfhoulder, full and plump,and meeting before with a fair breafl^ well proporti- oned, interlaced witfe,,R.iveret-azur-iJ«>/«. See, fee, the fwelling paps like ripe Pome-waters, well grown and fie for her Husband's gathering. The ruddy nipples^two iffeen, would feem Rafbery fountaines in true Center to their ghhy-Orl/s, Her brawny i^rwjjof good flelhjand pure colour. A han^ well drawn, holding a fprig of Gf/ww, the other (hadow^-i ed in his,Vi%t body well fed not fat, fitted onely for his de- light.

Her ^pparrell right Mode. I dare fay, therein (he learns of Donejbeing her felfa fample toall.Her Drapery well fafhione4 oi Aurora Silke.l\ztSkarfe oiAzMre skye^ opened with the wiod to let in Ai|;e, or to uncover /'fr beautious //rea;lls toh^r Huibands^beholding.

Ina word^Sfaeappeares a Lady of a high Fancier and an equall Wit 3 both of them made up, by a commanding Judgment.

1 lie grove was deepned darky which fet out all like a Sun- fettingsfofcemd the fiie^ in the view of a farr fetched Hortfoa. When loe, (a diftance off, ) you might difccrn her pretty Doggc ( SaHe ) came running in J Love to his Mif- trelTe's looks, made him haften his diligence, feeming to confent to her dcHre, as being now time to rcturne home.

Certainly,the Fai/^ter was well paid for his paines, or well

pleafed

— ■ '■ ■ "^ ^ — ■ — ^ .^^ -=

ijf Painmg. i^^

pleafed to fee chem while they fat to his elaborate work. A comflj Miicfii rather with dignity of prefentto Item beauty of afpeft .The ^irtiji rather bufie not to erre from his pattern, than in labcur to produce greater excellencie than tbcirown deferviog. And thus, in fumme, ii nmft be valued an Or- nament to the Djninq^-Roome 5 being befides well known to be the Art of Sovcfi haady-w\>rke, afld In a Ma^tt vffuffi- ciencie.

,K,i L V

.6%

A

44 2^^^ Excelknt<LArt

APromotttoiryofLandylikg aManshcMd.

A Promontory which bears it fcHintothe Sea and makes a Cape of Land ('formed by Nattite) in falfaion of a ^ Mar^s Head,

> Tbe/^fe (as it wcrej lying upwards, li^cUe and shoulders fixediliketo StJ O H N's Head in a Platter of bloud.

The Grove of Trees riCng thick and roundjftiagging them- felves in {hew downwardsjlike curled locks.

The Brow-part forceth outwards, {with Hills ) leaving a Valley towards the rifing Nufe, a Rocky Clift fo formed by Na- ture as needs no Art to modcll it, to be the fame.

Between that and the Ltps^ a tuft of hujhes of an eeven lengths makes the tufke o/hairas it were the upper Lip : only a little Lodge-Houfc raifed(per chance)for neceffary ufc,ap- pearespas if by confent of Art and Nature, to anfwer for the nether Up,

The place for the Cfci« is right fet, round with luflm for the iieard^ proportionably thick and {hort,alongft the cheeke^ breaking off, before you come to the eare^ and bearing a fpacc of fallow ground, being the ufefuU way up to the Mount.

For the Eare, indeed a convenient plat is left by Nature to raife a worke of fafety to the place ■> the inner Contri- vers, made up with Stone, anfwer to the Bare in all parts ; andthe£>«atfomediftance, thews it felfe to be fuch in truth, being yet no more than a Kift in the Rocky part,e- qually formed to the reft, and in proportion to all.

Then comes thtThroate and Necki a large Valley with fmall Hedge-rows in breadth and length orderly in frame, fdr the ri- fing and falling of Veines, to make up the whole fabrick a compleat Head-piece.So we fee. Art or ^ture can counterfeit each other.

Of

of Painting, ^y /^

I

Of the Parts of a Piece. N a PICTURE from Nature, there are five PrincipallF'vcPrincipi

nart«! parts ma

I. lavention or Hijloricall ArgumeM, 'i. Troportion^Symmetrj. '^, Co/o»r, with Light ox Varkmfj'e. ■4. c,;ify//o«,or Lf ffrand their Aftion and Pafflon. 5 . Difpofttion^oT xconomicall placing, Or difpofiag, or orde- ring the work. '■ The four firft, are obferved in all forts o^ Pieces.

'..ill;/

Difpojition only in thofc Pifturcs, that have many figares ; not to appear mnt^U-man^le ^but^in all and every part of the Picccjfo ohj'erze a decent comlineiFejOr^yoff ^ in a mutuall ac- cordjOfall^if.

t ' • - "

Oflffz/entioH.

IT muft flow eafily i to force and drain ifjmarrs thcLife and i . •* Spirit of the work j perfedt /«x/f««o« flovves fromgenerall^"^'^""''> knowledge 5 Antiquity muft be familiar to the workmanj moft of all, multitude of H«yfonV4// and Toeticall Narrations ; geometry > O^rtf^j^and fo to order your Piecej as to be valued neer or farther oS.

Obferve to exprefle, proper and fit things, agreeing in Circumftance to the Time, Place, andPerfon •• HabitSy according to the fa(hion of fuch a people or Nation, ancient or Modeme.

I

Of Proportion. T'l called Symmetry -iAKalogie^ Harmony,

Tro^ortion is of any partj a HAnd fitted to the bignefs of a pro^rEiors. body.

Symmetry is the proportion of each finger to that bignefs, An*lo^ie or Harmonie..\\\ together in one -^a Cof*cihnijy of Har- monie j A congruence, or equality of parts and members •> or, due connexion, in reference of all parts, one to the other, and all to the whole, which produceth a perfed Nature, or Itau'.y. . Of 'u--

Whatfoever is made, after a conceived or Intelligible ty. " thing,isFair,

Whatfoever is made, after a thing generated, is not faire.

N B'.atit)

¥

The Excellent (LArt

Naturall or conceived.

By the Idea.

His brave and ^n

Beauty, may be perfcftly conceived. True heauty in any Creature, is not to be found 5 being full of deformed difproportions,far remote from truth j jorfmne is the cM[e of deformity. ;.- ' '

Beauty in txvithiXS.) where Joynts and feverally every part with the wholcjhath its due proportion and meafure > and therefore hard to defcribe.

Beauty fhould confift but of 0«e at the moft j and deformi- ty contrariwife,meafured by many: for theeeven Lineaments and due proportion of fair and goodly Perfons, fecm to be created and framed,, by the judgement and fight jof one /orw alone, which cannot be in deformed perfons jas with blub ffcff^j,biggf j«5little«o/>,flat mouth^out chin^ and hroyfafkiny asit were moulded from many ill faces; and yet fome one part confidered about, tobehandfome? but altogether be- come ugly j not for any other cauld>but that they may be Li- neaments of many fair women^din6. not of One.The Painter did welljto procure all the fair maides naked, to judge of each feverall and fingleperfeftion ; and fo from the idea of fancie, to {hape a f^ems.

And thus, by often exercife from feverall beauties, you fhall fixe a conceived Idea is ybur mind of accompliflied Pulchritude grace or qomlineflfet according to the true rule pactcm'd and oisymmetry. So like the Life, (if done by Lilly') that by the unparaiicN Lines and Colour, a fkiU'ull Phyfiognomer ( another Lilly ) may Piece of Arti' jjy jjjg Vxdixxxe foretell her fortune.

A Beauty may be exprefled by a comely body, though not of delicate featuresjrather dignity o^yrefence^ than beauty of afpeft. It is fcen at the firft fight. Favour more than Co- lour % and yet that of decent and gratious motion, more than that offdwur.

There is no excellent beauty without fome flrangenefs in the proportion, and both Apelles and Albert 'Durer^ doe but trifles out the time and trouble us 5 The One to compofe a Perfonage by Geometricall proportion j and Apelles by col- lefting the beft parts from feverall faces,to make one excel- lent. Indeed a Tai/iter may make a better perfonage than ever was fecn fincc the firftCreationjwhich he does by a kind oi felicity, not by Rule'^^s a Mufitian doth his French Aires,not by true Method of/f/;;«i^.

Some faces examined by /'/Vfcww/*? do not well, and yet put together make a ^ood one.

If then beauty may be had in a comely decent motion, it is DO wonder if Perfons in fome years, oft-times, fecm more lovely then youth j Pulchrorum autumus Pulcher. Such is fhe, N, B. T. For no youth can be comely but by excufc, and

confidering

meft.

of Faming. 47

confiderinpf the youth to mqkc up the handfomncfse. iB<r4«;r^ being a Summei Fruit, eafie to corrupt and cannot laft.

But the worke of Atty is not fingly inthe^/WZ/VW^ or Likeneirc,not likenelTe to the Ltfe^ (as common judgement will have it) but '° ''« eompa- in the Symmetry ; which in truth, proceeds from fomeikill in ^'^^ th&t/frttzans furpafling tyirt.

It was diftinguiOic J by that excellent Painter. A Boy To Symmetry holding a duller of Grapes fo like, that deceived the Birds, and yet not deterred by the Qiape ot the Lad i which there- fore being an exception to the excellencie of the Piece ^ the Painter put out the cJr^/'f j/though moft like,) but referved the Boy ( for his Symmetryi ) as the better efteem of the Art j not undcrftood by ordinary capacities.

You (hall hardly find an Arn(l, very excellent in a naked Natd^BoSic! body,where true5)7»wf/r^ is cxpeded's and therefore theli»rdto Paint, ancient fkill of the G/dicians^ fildome apparelled any. A i\- morous yrf/wf^rjexcufcs his weakneflcjby covering the body, with a muffled Mantle.

The Artisans call this proportion,the defigning li»es')ScatcheSi LincFwfat ? the/ir^draught,andfoa/cfoWand tbird^ before you Paint them i which (troaks,by thofe that have infight in Art, are ^ Cut. eff eemed of high value , for by thefe firft draughts, the true force and undifguifed Lineaments of Nature, do raviHi the contemplation ; wherein the thought of a fludious Artificer 18 perfcdly evidenced.

And lineall dejignes or proportions ^drau^ts-t S catches , may be called PiBure ; which rarely done, fhew not only thefhapcj but alfb the partie's mind and intent, for we may draw in ifbite-lines,thc Symmetry o^ a Black More^ and to be like him ; there may be beauty and force in a proportionable defignc, naked and undifguifed Lineaments.

After dejign aadproportion, we come to Colouring,

OfColouring'

Corruption compofition or mixing of Colours, we call , Painting 5 which is,to cxprefs (hadows in Goloursjthere- Colouring, by,to refemble,what we do defire to imitate, by a moderate what ? confufion,or temperingjdifcordant Colours ; as wk>c, blacky red^blew,greeH,<:^c.

To mixethem accurately : To jbadow conveaientl). To apply them feafonally,

Obferve

The Excellent zj4rt

With Light O'ofervc herein Li^ht and Shadows, Obfcuriu and Bmh)-

and inaaows. n " ■> J a

Contrary things are more apparant, being placed neer their Contraries 5 Light and Shadows forward , fee out any Painting outwards 5 as if you raight take hold of any parr.

Ohfcurity or Darkmp-, is the dufkiOlnefbof adecper flia- dow;as^//^/;//<f/sis thelnteaiion oi Light.

Mnte appears fooner, or neerer to the Eye j and the hlack feems farther off, any thing that (hould feem hollow (as in a i^ell^ or Cave:, ) muft be coloured blackilh j more deep, more black.

On the contrary,to lighten or rife forward, with white. Tonuf, what? Torm or brigh tnefle j as it is of neceffary ulcjfo of excellent ornament in a ?iBu,e-i\t is that which is above light j fpark- A Brightncfs. jingas in the glory of Angels^ twinckling of precious ^lones 5 Armory, Gold and filver vefTells ^Flame^Gold Jaburning glittering Luftre : the variety of thefc Ornaments, muft be expreffc J excellently ^ but avoid faticty, not cloy your Picture with it. fi<trmotit Harmoge in Colours,is an unpercei vable way of Art 5 ftca-

what ? ling to pafs from one Colour to another) as in thefeaaod skie meeting in one thin mifty Hor/io/s:<3//ftroake, both are loft and confounded in fight ; water and a)re become one in Ajthe Rain- their meeting. The^W/a^ow '5 fundry Colours, feeming on e bow in Co- mixture, not diftinft i and confifting of one Colour, lours. (hews excellent J but confidered of feveralls, becomes a won-

der.

So alCo in Art j to paint the line or meeting of a Centaur in his two Natures, which muft feem to unite and joyn in- fenObly , as not to diftinguifli where they meet ;, deceive- ing the Eye with a ftealth of change •> a pleafant confufioa of differing Colours.lt is hard to be exprefled, and difficult to bedone,thevery excellencieofan ArCift j whea the ex- tream or utmoft lines, the unreftrained extent of the figure, lightly and fmoothly coofin the Eye, as if fomcthing were behind the figure,more to be then the E ye fecs,when the Li- of Spirits and ncamentS5that do circumfcribe, or include the figure, are (o Souls Painted thin,as to vani(hby little and little ; the higheft fubtility of

A a piece;likei^/V//sandyc«/s painted. Gcometricaii You may Call \t 3 Geonietiicall LiDc ; which is, without Line. breadth : Obfervc the parting of the San-jhadow, upon

the Ar.i//jthe line parting the light,and that is thus.

Colouring of a

Man.

In Painting ofacj^/u/;confidcr his dignity, ftout andun- corrupti(in effeminate fmoothncfs) the Limbs moderately fwelling,grac'd with true and lively Colour j of pure and

whole-

of Painting:. 4^

wholefome bloud : Bloud and ftrcngth makes it goodly fait^ the ilaci exquilite black, pure Mte, with the flower of red- nefs intcrmixt : I^ory died in Purple.

Asforthebcauryofa/*'o»»<i«, poflibly fo rare and pure ; And beauty df not to be imitated with Colour of Vatnting, Her naturall * ^'°'"«"- graccfuineffe not yielding unto an Art, which does but counterfeit. No hand,in truth, knows the temper, for fuch a countenance. Confound Lillies with R.ofc$, and what re- flexion the Ayre takes of them, that's her complexion. ,j v,)„j i» N., B. T. Never to hz well done, but by an Ingenious, ^-^-t

Excellent Aniztr/, and a faithful! admirer of his beautious Miftrefs.

^

OfASiionandPajfion,

■ ni 'J It

THe next obfer vation, is out of which. Life and (JifotioH ^_ doth refult:Ic flicws no yJclion or Pajfion in a Piece, Aftion and baldly upright , looking forward, the Armes hanging °"* down.the feet clofe together, and fofeenqs unmoveable, and

m-

In lincall P/cfif.f, there may be a dcceitfull fimijjtude ofHov* tobee* Lif^ andMotiofi^andltatues may feem toj-live and breathebut preiTcd coloured Piftures (hewalively force in the fcyeralleffefts, andpropcrtic?jofX?;r<rand///r/V. ; ■' ^

To be weU^cquaintcd with ^ature^ Mdnner-, guiz,e and h' And to be im- havfour J as to paint a Ma/ty angry or fad , joyf ull earneft j P"ved or idleSall paflions to be proper to the figuxc; for every com - motion of the mind, alters the countenance into ievcrail pai&ons offear^ hope^ love, joy ; fo does a touch of the Penfill from nurth to mour/iiag. The head caft down, feemeth hum- in feverail blenefs^cafl back, Arogr.ncie'or fcorn j hanging on the Neck ^^j"^*' •^'''' Ungutjhino j ftiffand iturdy,. moropty of the mind. Indeed ' ' the feverail pofturcs of iljci.ead, defcribe the Numbers of p^lfwis i the countenance a . :L^n..y;the Eyes,the like. So excel- lent muft the Art be,to cc . e.rfeit NMure. In a word, each (everall member or part o ae body,either of themfelves, or in reference of fome other ^:irr, expreffes the paftaos of the mind,as you may eafily ob^ erve in the Life.

Ihc Arms abroad i the Hands expanfed ^ the Finders H»ndi tnd fpreadjallmotionsof the parts of the body afTifk whilft we'^'^'"^- fpeakjbut the hands feem to fpeak themfelves, in -feverail actions, and poftures

The Foecs in their defcriptions of their ^^ods and great men, do rarely exprefs the paflions of their minds, and I would have an Artiz.M to obferve fo much in each Pidure of the !-//( ('which indeed they only aim at, but do not take the

O pain!5

•^'o The Excellent iArt

wiut3b

pains to exprefs) this being efFefted more by the Matter's thoughtfulnefs, then by diligence and labour.

Study therefore to your fclf, that afFeftation in your

" thoughts, which you intend to exprefs. So fhall your in -

deavouj-s'be affiftedbya vercuc, which the Greeks called

^ 5n^r^/45etfeftuall operation, evidence or perfpicuity, won-

""^^'''^" derfiillyftudiedbythem.

Bjr example I havc fccn a plccc oitytians : A Child in the Moihets Lap

ef Titian' ^'^'' plajtfig niih a Birdi fo round and pleafing, it ftem'd a do^,bt

whether a Sculpture or Painting ; whether Nature oi H^-t,

made it i the mother fmiles and fpcaks to : the child ^tXh

and anlwers. ^ ^

AndofFtftaa, Another of/'j/w^'s j a fpeaking ftVr? indeed. The young

^''"- Damfell brought fiif (j)ild Davids Bedfellow i all the compa-

/ ny in Paflion and Aftion :fome in admiration of her beauty,

^* others in examining her features, Which fo pleafe the gi^od

ifls-; Old Man, that in feme Extafie of paflion, he imbracesher.

tns noift

,nui

whiich her humility admits, yet with a filent modefty erbcft

became her, only to be dumb and to fuffer.

.And of ahc- Another , the Pifture of an Infant-, in a Surprifcd Gitty,

**"*<' *^'' creeps to the Moihrers breaft gtovelling on tbegroiindl, a-

*' ^ imongft'o^hd' Captives and dying of a wound ; feeming to

hi'verbhlyfomiich fenfe, as fearing left the Child finditigno

MiJke. fliould fuck her Bloud, and fo be chuakt 5 (he ftrives

''*^*isj^ withdeatV^oprevWat the Infant's diftrudioi^. In ancient

Exceflcrfir >J^^fffy, yoti may at a view undertake to read the

inind ibTHthe'ArtizJatiiin his intent of theStory.' We aregone

ferovi'g^hlalljbuttht laft.

Of the dijpdfttion of the PTtrts. "" "

V A f>ivt'ure of manyj^j^am, muft needs exprefs fomeJaT/'/^o- OtDifrJiui- i/\r?'''^/part in it ; "Every figure ought to repr^ent there- on. jn,by a fpeechlefs difcourfcjihe connexion in thetjj. AlBgne therefore the principall place, to the /)y/>;r/^j// figures, next to hand' : Other figurcs,farther off. Finifh the Pyincipiillji- aur es^whWa your Spirits are frcfti. Frame not your J^ifldfi- ^"IZ&iw <^''/^ Piece,! udc,l6ole, and fc?ttcred, but rather, in an e^tiita- ble roundncfs of cbmpofition ; to be perceived by each ob- fcrver s to be liked of the rrftft :but to be judged,only,by the Soondifco- learned. Neglt^s in difpojhio/i^itrelooridifco-jcred. vered. Pourtray in your excellent T/Vffjjnot only tl.e dainty Li- neaments of Bcrt«rj,but fliadow round about, rude thickets, rocks i and fo it yields more grace to the Pifturc, and fets ic out : this difcord (as in mujicke') makes a comely concordance ; a ciiforderly order of counterfeit rudcncfs, plcafeth : fo much

grace,

ef Fmting. ^ x

grace, doe mean and ordinary things, receive from a good - and orderly tvnt.exiun.

All thefe together, make that perfpicuous flV/^o/t/ow in a ^"f "'toge- VitQtoiH4ory ; and is the efFeauall exprcffion m Po/^r/ '^" "-'="""'• and ABion 5 the very T#o« of each Figure , the Soul of ihePlcru ^fjthe^/affand Ayrofthe Piece ;or the fweet Confent of all manner of ptr^ions heaped together, in one FiBure.

And (o have wc done with an Example of all iuOae : Fvr ^y ^'J?5'pi*

Invention allures the mrid.

Proportion,4ff>^<«3j t^j* Eyes.

Colour, deltnins the Fancie,

Liveli Motion , ff/V-J u^oitr SouK ' '1 'J'i' 'i ' ^ i>y

Orderly Difpolicionjf <;<»/•»>« our Senfes. : /.

Tli^fe produce gracefull Comlinefs^ Which makes one Conclude » fair^ then fair>and all together, confirme us into^<^W/¥.r«cPi«aurc N.B.T.

-■ THis Grace is the clofeof all, effeft^d by a famMia* facili- 7^ « " »• ' ty in a free and quick fpirit of a bold and rcfolute Attrficeir j flot to be done by too much double dtU^nce.ox^^i^^ingiy a caJ^lefs (hew, hath much of Arc.

Y-.JFt)jr additions fo youl /vWe to adorn it, at, P/^ergia to p„„p,YihKi -^yitif' "Worki*; Some hy -Tamings ate not amirs' i pretty wkh pretty draughcs upon (heilds iSwofd-hilwi PoW,brakeif «>f ^'««, ^^Sl" Jx;^,t:j/;rf/>,andluch like ik vices : We call them j%'^f#/ir4/b- nings of the PiBure.

But then, thefe do but adorn, and muft be dimme and carelefly drawn, rather feemingly with a light ayre, then aftually done.

And thejc concl ude ^lemrke. That all forts of people, •"wife and^weatj'lgnoraht and Learned, 'Men and Women, '^j t? con- one and all, may find in it,to be delighted, which comes now wLder! to be a Wonder.

Our AnticntPainteri, famous for Art, Immortalized their works with all excellencies, and thereby confecrated Tthe iVtl^domes of their hands,as Donaries unto Delphiiy a facrifice ^'^'t""^ -ttyD^itffS. ° 6 ».

Our late P<j/«f«'5 ftrive for wealth, by fale of Ordinary p^.^ and quick work, ( the bane of all Arts} rather than labour fauiw" for Fame, and Glory > the caule of many Pieceh fo common andfewofv^n.

For,upon enjoying of (j/0/7, follows a'confident boldnefs of ^rrjincredibly advanced by fuccef"^ and repute. Succefs, is that veneration of Arl,by Kifjgs and Nations. In fuch a

Jmccr s

^ ^ The Eoccelknt tArt

c;jf<j«,{haincfaftiiefs is a vice, caufing our Wits to roft with too much fecrctie. The (hunning oiiice-, when it wants Arty leads us into ^^Vf. Be bold and know your merit, and in Gods Name when you do well, makeothers pay forit. Art cannot be over- valued,

Conclufionof this iirji Part, \

ConciutKm'^ ^ ■"'O reduce & difcipline my fcattercd Notes and Papers^ of all i & luchindigeftedCollcdicinsjas require a more formal

Method and a better Pen, hath been my pains and defire to ejfeH j Wherein, perhaps, I have been over-prolix^ A fault pardcnable,and excufable from fuch, as are any thing ac- quainted with the profoundnefs of this Art, and Artificiall Myfteries. .

The confidcration enlightens my underftandiiig, and fits

my mind, withfuchatrcafureof difcourfe, as that with

great difficulty, I cannot be brief j to diftin§ui(b, ortode-

vide.

seciyoufor- Thi$ fubjeft, being io fruitfull, that ftore makes m^pe-

Adqaow, with no moreadoe^Ii'eprcremyou withthe

Second Pan. Th.tArtof Limni»oin pyater-Colours, diUering fomewhat from 0)l'Cokurs ; In both, the practice will eafily diftingv!|(h. The way and mannpjr, thofe diredions before and what does follow will ferve for cither. And fo, I put you fprward, to your pallet and Coloun.

htiotamiiis6His.il be: .b i«d ob alariJ ^n^ri; rr/a

.•;;' ' r';' ;m33ll3dj£7 tOWf

.or

-r.oj t}i .

— wrrmry. t^nr^ r — T?irr

>os.H. THE

of Painting.

T3

Thellfeofthe

P ENS I L

In the mofl Excellent <LArt of

LIMNING,

In Water-Colours.

Part 1 1.

Of LimntHg in Water-Colours,

The True Order and Names ofColours^he means l» prepare them for the Penfill and to cleufe them from their corrupt mixtures^ tfheretpith they are

Sophijlicate.

We mmethemSeaven (though in truth the firft and laft fvhite and Black are no Colours ; buc Elements.)

Whites, Ceruse 5 ff^ite-Lead.

Greens, S&p-^teen. Finck, Bife-green. Cedar-green.

Reds,

India-lake. Read-Leadyor Mene»

Blews,

Indico. tfhramanue. Bife-blew. Smalt, P

Yellows,

Aiajlfcoate, Oker of England,

Browns,

Umber.

Spanijh-brojvB.

tor a lemnia cr,

Cullim earth.

Blacks.

54 'T'he Excellent (LArt

Blacks, Ixcry burnt.

Cberrj stones Lurnt, Lamy-llacke. ,

Colours not Jq this account or number of Colours, I name not Vermi- ufefuU. y^-g^ ^ Verdi^reece j Feraiters blew and greenjand feverall other Colours, frequent withPatnter-^ai/ms-) but in our work un- neceffary, ufelefs, 8c dangerousiboth for their Mineral! qua- lytiesjcoorfe and grofs bodies, not to be mixt with our Co- lours,of a more fine fubtilc, and tranfparent Quality.

We do not admit of divers others ^ as Sa^ron-^Litmus^ Ruf- fetyBr*fill,Le^-woodi nor of Colours, extrafted from Flowers, juiceofHf'/'^ior Roots -^ more proper, for waftingjOr Colour- xin^^Vrihts^Cards^Mips.

Of Whites.

FIrft in order jthe moft excellent pure Virgin Colours,are Cerufe and fyhtte leade : the latter is the better for ufe, and lefs fubjcd to mixtures yet both have thefe Inconveniences, and thus to be prevented. Ccrufc Cow/fjaftcr it is wrought will ftarve, lavifh, and dycjand

being laid on with a PenliH-) a fair vphite wil,in a few month s, become Rufjet-, Reddijhjo t Tei lomj}\

tVhite-lead^ If you grind it fine (as all our Colours muft whiK-Lcad. be)it will glifter and ftiine, both in the shell, and after it is wroughtjand if not ground,it will not work, nor be fer vice- able.

To prevent thefe Inconveniences of bothColours ; This is the only remedy. Betore you grind either of them, lay them(erpe«ially PVhiie-leadym the Sun for two or three dayes to dry,whicb will exhale and draw away, the Salt, greafie com-mixtureSjthat ftarve and poyfon the Colour. Befides, you mufl: fcrape off the fuperficies of the White lead, rcfer- ving only the middle as the cleancft and pureft. Note. Be carefullotyourjr/;/Vf, being the ground and foundati-

on of all your other Colours, and if faulty, all the work is marred.

The efFeft you may fee at Rome in the l^atican Library,and in ^eSt.liioiCzrd\Qd.\\Burgeflej and ia the Porta fetimtane^ there where many excellent Pieces heightned with irhite- I-Mrfunprepared,are {poy\e6,RuJjet^3ud dead. How to grind Being thus prepared, grind ic (upon a PorphireiSerpenti/7e, '^ or Pebble-^one ; any of thefe are excellent .- fome w^cUiiarble,

Upon what thick GlaJJe, OT Chryjiall. But the fir ft two are too foft, and ftone j(] grindingjmixc with the Colour and fpoyle them ; the lat-

ter

of Painting. ^^

ter is very good, but hard to begot large enough. 1 fay grind it very fincjand a good quantity together in water, without Gum 5 then have in readinefs, a piece of chick white chalkj make therein certain furrows or troughs, in which inftantly put the «'.''/.^-/r.t'' ground from theftoiicwec ; let it remain ihere,till it be v^ry dry. the chalk will fuck and drain up the filchjlaloaiui greafe in tiie Colour.

Prdferve it for ufc in a paper,or clean Boxes.

When you intend to worke with it. Take as much as con- Xo ufe it venicntly will lye in a (hclljof Mother of Pearlcjneatiy clea- ned and burniflit wherein ( as in all Colours)be curious and neat, not to have the Room troubled with company, where you grind,for avoiding dufl: or Atomcs which you will find -rroublelomc in your working.

Put to this(as to all Colours^ a little Gum-Arabick thebeft Gum-atrabick. and whiteft^which you mufl: have ready in powder, very fine, in a boxfor clfe diflblved in water) and with a few drops of running w-o ter temper it with your finger to diffolvc and mixe with your Colour. Difcretion and Praflicewill di- reft you. Leave not your Colours too dry and liquid in your iTiellrbuc lomcwhat thick and clammie, cover them from duft till it be dry in the (hell , then draw your finger gently upon the Colouriif none come ofF,it is wclUif it do,add a lit- tle more Gum-water, if it be too much it will glifter and fhine in the (hell ■■, then wafli off the gumme with fair water or temper a new (hell.

Obferve (in each particular ) what is dire£);ed in this Co- Note a gene^ \o\\xoiivA\hing^qrind'tng^temj)ering,l^K\x\Q for all the otherCo- '*'* ™'^' LourSjthat arc to be ground.

Some Colours are to be wafht and ground^ and they are thefe.

€erufe. IodiC0» Colours to be

Whtte-Lead, ^r^bcr -J>ca„,

I/idta-Lake. / 1 r- t

CoUm-Earth,

e»glijh-Oker. Chetry-jioie and

Pifike. iTjorj black.

Other to be wafht onIy,are thefc. ReA-Ltadjir Green-Bife. To be waflit

Mene, Cedar-Green. «"'/•

Mapcote. Smalt.

Blew-Bife. Ultra-marine.

Only Sap-green to be fteeped in fair water.

The

•i^

The Excellent ej^rt

why to be The reafon why thcleCo/oayj arc not to be ground, as the wafht. others arejbecaufe of a fandy rubftancejlccfe, gravelly, and

fo heavy ponderous and folid bodies hardly to be reduced unto fuch firmnefs as is to be required in this Art : for if you think to make them fine by grinding, theyinftantly loofe their beauty, ftarve, and dye. Befiuesjfomeof them as Maflicote and Red-Lead^ become of a greafic and clammye thickneffc, by rcafon of the agitation and tampering upon the ftone,and fo utterly unferviceable to refine them, there- fore they muft be wa(hed. ^"f / r There are but five pcrfed Colours ( white and black being

l*our», ° nDnc)like the five precious ftones perfed and tranfparent feverall Colours.

The hard To/;<fty for 7V//oB7, the Amethj^ orient ioxMurrayi the Ruble for Red^, Saphtre for Blew, Emrauld for Green. All which Colours are perfeft different from mixture o£ivhite and are thusdiftinguillied byHeraulds in blazoning ofArms of Princes Bearings.

And although what hath been faid for grinding Cerufe and P^f^hite-Leadixnay ferve for a direft order in all other grind- ing Colours: Yet I fliall for full fatisfaftion fpeak of them fe- verallyjbefore I come to thofe that are to be walhed.

ColoHrs, to be grinded

India Lake. »' ■ *Hc ncxt in Order is India-Lake, the deareft and moft X beautifull 5 grinde it as the Vf^httes with the help of the Sun,and with your finger fpread it about the fhel fides. After it is dry, you will find this Colour, and fome other as Am- ber^{wh]tdi to crackle and fall from the fhell in pieces , take To fixe all care that this and all others be faft,fmooth and firme, which Colours. to effeft take a little quantity oi Vf^hite-Suger-camj with a few drops of fair water, temper the Colour againe as it is in the (hell with your finger, till the Colour and Sugar- candy be throughly diflbl ved, which being dry will lye faft and eeven. oicer. Englt\\o~Oaker is a very good Colour and of much tlfe for

Ihadows in Pidures by the Life,for Haires and Dn^'ry^Rccks^ High'Tvayes in Land-fleips, and commonly lye eeven and faft in the ftiell, and works beyond any other, being well ground. PiiiVe. Get the faireft > becaufe with it and ^/^w you make the

fadefl; Greens for Land-fkips or Drapeiy. for the Green-Bife and ?ow"^tcr^ S'rf/^-^rfe^, though good in their kind, the firft is of fo coorfe green. sod grofs a body, and the other fo tranfparent and thinne,

that in many things they will be unferviecjble j efpetially

where

of Limning, ^y

where you lia\^e occaiioa to ufe abeautifull fa.\t (jreeubj mixing a lictlo fndico^ with B/yi- and Pinke : this Colour being ground fine,worketh very (harp and neat jof exceeding ufe, jfgroundasthercft. .Ml -':;>i; ^1 bi ;. .'wtin

The next in Order is /i^w^^r, a Colour greafle and fbule,utnter. hard to work with ; you muft burn it in a Cru^tUe or Gold- fmi^ff^o/sand bbing ground '■ as the tt% at works, (harp and

^ It is exccfldJng! coor(b ' add (iill of gra veil ,of no great uic^ ^^^^^ ^ fcr a X\\X\Q.U.mUr-^ .Red-U*ttbiMent niisedj makes the fame spa^c.

-lils eafic to werfc wh^^ififH neW ground very good to clofc Terra-Colen. 4iptht' iall and, decpdl- WKoches, in the (hadowed places of Pidures by Life 5 and alfo very ufefull in La»elfkips ; !

• Arc both to fee burnt io a-Grufible aiidfo ground: the firftcherry-ftone is; very godcV cfj^ccially f(»Drapery sadhlack ^pparrell, but and ivory but if you anakeSaiti^^ttttt^t it with ailittle ladidai only to'' *'''* mbkfe it appc'^nibeautifilHfigkfsfllining,: lightned with a lit- tle nbixturc of more jviitf. In ftrong touches and deep, hard fefl^ioQS ddepned with Tvorj( will ilicw marvellous fair ; tbii was the way of that Famous HilUordWiQ Englijh Limner iOjQfeeen Elizaiftth's diyesi iUt i.iv/ «'j. .j.-pi •:

i.u Sf rves only for a deep TLoryblacfci nor is it ea^ toworke lyory; without well tempering with Ja^drCrfwa'^ to prevent crack- ling and peeling. And fo much for Colours to be ground.

ioaar. ^biii^r b be wMbifd^attd nSfo he gronnd, '

I Shall follow the former Order by (hewing how one^<?- lottr 'is to be prepared 3 which will demonftrate all the reft.

Put an ounce thereof irito a Bafon or clean earthen di(h,full R^^.^gj^ of fair water, ftir it fomctime together with your hand or t« be wafted, fpoon till it be coloured, then let it ftand till the greafie fcnmme arife upon the fupcrficies, which with the water pour out : fill it again -with frelh water, ftir it often untill it be thick and troubled^ which prcfently pour out into ano- ther clean Bafon or Veffell : relerving behind in the firft Bafon ihe drcggs of the Colours, which haply Will be the grc4ieft part, and to be caftaway;foryouarc tofeekthc be(t,not the moft. A little good Colour goes far in Limning, and if a handfull ot Red-Lead yield aihcll or two in goodncfs it is enough, fo it be fine. . oaf!;.

The troubled water' being in the feCond Baf^^i '^'^^ more water,wa(h them well together, as before, letitiettlctill it become aimoft clear ; but if you perceive a (commc to a-

t . >>—

^ife again \ipoa the water, pour U Pm Jtnd put in freih till the CvioJLU be clearer 5 ^QV ^h^ ikU9)me is Chalk and other filth, which wa&esoUl l?y^/i'.rrv*^ alltheoWiogerher:. Then let it rcctle,and fo when the ikum arife^,' poor it aiyvay .i;ur.{;jtiU-i£fctepcrfc(3:. luv-:'- , \-a\A.-' '• il ■

It will not be ztoiiSt yihea ymi h»tei wa(foed: youc CtJoMrs A whi|c,ifyou Sax ^ 'water till k UuPQfriQ.tiiiiky tbetcr^pour out half that thickned water, into a tfiml Bafonj and wa " '

^ _„ bath the feco/id and ?^/W Vfitir ^yofl wilj ^sKJl^ur Coioair of "T-- acoorfcr or clfcfiHer.quahty.:la£amwcht^hatthei)b/iW(aB<i if you pleafe ) /o«nfoand/(fifortjwillbe very fineandfaUr . „uO't'K'- being; dften waQifcd:^and &:fe^iqfe^\7<;haflging and^if- tiagthe^nur. and mttr^ piUVtHi^iM pukStly d«^ fed. : ^ •;.''' ■-'^ ni IfuVrin <^vj<fa<li: ho<: i sl'J '' ■n.'J'fiil , wl^Yott :itufi: by Uitband lU^e^RtljrdEainawaytfaere- • . '; mainderotthcTi'tfi^,' not fu^tlp^ ""'' Co^tfi'tof our out iib ^»iitit\9^iif9ixi^(ifvmiiitheS^niud Biblving tliiem, you, yyiH find y^ Qikpn dijyi%andJdds> ling abpot' the fide^ of the B4f$ii(it e(ijijes like drift land, &me ■]:dbcesfair.and ckan,, Others oioreiiJporjfp and foul : ivifick !when it i^ all dryed> take away with yput ^Dg&c or featlw^ the fineftparclike^o»'fr will fallav|^>wUh theleiad totM^^e ,{^0 KefervefefilLsfbryQfurfixiouiufei thf;D$& -for^fordioar^^or c6or£ewodc.: > 'v. . ■'■![■/ ;>n' ."•njji.- —m-'

How toufc it. Whta you will ufe this Cchat^is^Q Qfx^xxth a^ wUlJye ' about the fides of your /faf//,fomewhat thinne, that you may handfom\gly t^kejt 9^]. with ye*,tt-P^f>/'V^vvbieh yo^i cannot conveniently do, if you fill the jljell^or to let it lye thick or in he^pcsf, ^nd fp vvith (^hm-PAffl (:^,GHr»-^fmf(^r andaiew drops of water as befqre faid 3 tciwper it i\n^y with yoiiir fingerjletting it fpread about the fides of the^f//jas iagrowid . €0iourf*Th^9 arc yftuy Cplmrs pX<?P»F4» -, r'l c^n"- ■ " n\ •, '. .i divoj jiurrjol .1 v.i\ ^ ^^iio

^ - '- ■' OfFtnfils.Ay yjyd ':"

I'enfiis how '\/ OUR. fenfills muft be chofea ckan arid fharp poy need,

to choofe X the bairS not divided into partfs('ds many ot them dcS

•hem. being drawn gently gut of your mouth between your Lipi)

let them be full and thic^ next the Qi^ilU and fo defcendin^

idi a round fharp poynt; This &(Uon I prefer be tore tho^

that are long and (lender, whicl^ retain the Coloun longer

time^an^ then deliver it out, too free and full. If you find

one hair longer then the other, cut it away with a tbarp Te»'

kmfe or paCs it through the flamp oiiQAndle .

TomaVc?en- Take the TailcsofCWi^f^, and breaking an ordinary

file ??njiil d^under, ohferv? how they ar? tyed up and fallned;

:\:i they

I iffi^immgt. vA\ f^gt

to the P at ntersy chc bell of any here or beyond 4t^3fps,

them round to an ceven poynt, rubl>iqgj^r,(i^PU)g,U upp$i;4

plcan papfjtor ?>6/* i Marko ho« thip W/i^lfif«i^:fiwqad, ^m m v cH

:Wttcn.fUsptcpai«dw.jf<iiuLnMpdi ;t)Wiitfaft^ * ."

i&to yoo^OfcuU. j at^ori^ ^^ the iUpjiliypi^ /"^l^ . ^ifpg- fifd upQ» fOtnc neat lUck of ^ tf/»// {ir{»piL I^fte WftflS^f Jt,hf| fengthof^n (udinaiEy wmtng P^ti, H^gi0«eUffiQ|{ffi^$?g

lilcfc.WAl|fl»adoW8Qfy9UtW<|>lfc, : •lO,--'Jff)' '«. ir.'j j'j cr J

7ii'Atia Kmambet that thofe f «yi;/j w^Ji yoH Mfeift^o^ g*oTd """'" '^^ as SitixnWptkjbaoifiTycdoa^Y fiwr^p|}^0i9i^9fp^t.9 Ud roixfattfiinperbd-JMdi.C^QUj:d.- " >.'l\' 'iK;! :.i.'-^t\il:.;ii (iSeipg. thas&ttI«d;wUhthBre.7i9«/t)^ y«» W§9/tf i '^(t^frf vkorcoo to cxpscfi your Arty w}ilch.iMii$i^f944t miiP^h iaff otf are difpoTdii C6 voi:^euber.io>^d'4iw^!QC<^<^>44A{^ fkip^OT Hiporj. : A.Dodi ntoi } Tin uu ■ . 'j

'vilRj \i il-rH c^ii.! 7 ' - iq r 3;lf.i r.i ir. ijm^ ,onob »irfT --i^qaiq c/j

:-qmji ,' 'ftkpShm^^orifyhifi. "■ )-,ot1o '"'J;;^'^';''^^

'*'#*We 74^/rtj fiQfrtil^e I^ife are cpmtpotiJy wrought itt itiO-

^^- Jt T)fl// form not very greatnor little, as I have feen'many "^^^ ^^ ^"^ |q f J^J/iff po bigger then a Pefmj^Sin iqtliffcrent (Iz^ls.beft. *' Take an ordinary playing €ar^ j)oli(h it (raooth Witn a c ''^irfv/ jo Bpres-tooth or fuch like, as poiubly mcX^e as iiikj:':'Be, the V^ite die every where ceven, and cleahe ^om .,;,.;. " '' ' ' ' ■ /" * • • n abortive jP^Kchmettt^

c^ iii:.Gi[vii^ mc ^jr^»" "paftehj^ '^hem •'^'^'J )gethcr i \et *then}'4Fy^> ap<3 /^ikffig yqur (rrindiff^~jiof/e^ txceedin^ c^?^pe, f^y the Par^Meht .-huiho. fide of the C^r^/ dpwnyrard 5 and holding it faft, polifli iiiid ^b the C^ryas'lj^rdas you c^n upon thcn^ckfide, th'af'fo the other may!>e ftriooth, whereon you are to work; Wneh you pa^c the P /uchment ^el the putfidepf 5|ie skinne beour- \Yard. ?t being the imoother and better, to yro^rkeuppD.

Liiyyqurgrp^pdor Pnjw<f therein pf^f|^-Co/o^y, te^e- jj^^ p^^ rina ikaqcording to the Complexion you are to 'mint. ' 'tf'farr-^ for feveraii ffiip^'Ua4 if\d I^_ed-Le4dfnHed tpgetherr'a^fe^ty qnati^tj^s Compie;«ion», indifferent t'hickneflei in a /be// fqmewhat Bigger theti or- Fairc. "dinarV'"''^ '''"■'' '■ n ' trn^/ .itnj.-r'rV^- -; rrr- • ,

^ If Swarf hj pr Srpipn > qijngle fyhifej^ed^iti^ ^little (itie <^/t- g^,^.^^ fticote or 'Eligii(}:)-Oker,oxho^. ' Evcrmc^re. obfcrviri^', as a fure Maxime that your ground befiitrerthaii'the Party pain- ted: for being ovci-fatre you may in working Darken 01

Shadoif

^& 7 he E^miknreJtt

ShsdoJ9 it as you ple^lfes but if fcJOf/^rfyou Chal flever W^kJb** it highttj.-"' ' ■ •','"^ ■-'■'.• V'lf: lo J' i r;,' ^ ■♦■•'■■■'.•;;; c-i In Limning of /*/^*4»^y,you ikttfilBeverib*«^fc]*f;?,feWfi^t^^ themrfofl>«3lo th€ipjuft'C^o/OT«>.-nyfM ' '•- »^^ ' '•' ' "> ^^ -^^ Howtoia^ YdAk^Qniid'OT<^emph}ii(ni'thviim\iediny ap6nthe%//^ ^unl lay it on the Card v«i*h &'gVe«et *7V«j;/ theft erdinary ^ and verycarefuUy, cOUDhand fpreadyour Qoiour^ as fmocjth and eeve^ as is ^ffiblc,clean frdi»lpots, haiiiisi 6fyoui( W»- y;//,or du(V.' In dt>i«g«his, fill ydur Ttnftlli^AX oiC(J\okrxZ' thert&lb'bod wat^nflr^then toothickaad gthfa And with two or three da(hes,or fwceps-'of your /o«^P(f»/i/, lay it on at ' '"" V an inflaat jthe quieker' the bette?y jind theedrcner wU^our Co/c<}>^ lye 5Notf<>r^etting to cover fo murfttif your C4y<^,a$ (hall be larger or broader, thai you iatend< tp malse your face^fot you cdnnot ddde any more largdefs to it > being t6 be done at once and fpeedily. Otherwife Aie'ilard or rather the Parchment will become rough and xi!(ie in bubble^' o^nd come off from the Card. ' .

To prepare This done, you are to take a pretty large ihdlof tMather CoWwpon oiTearle or fuch fike,iand before of 6u begin Vb work, temper ^^"^ ' ' certain little heapes of feverall \loadows for the face^ and ( as Oyl-Painters lay tnem upon their p^iZ/ff) fo place them fcve- rally ^boat yourvfljfiil. There are lox^^^ (hat temper or " mixe them as they jworke them in the lloadaw^y. without more

adoe^btttlefti^emt^isother way^thebettciu ,r , ., Of Whites, Firftthen, inijall; your fhad^wsminglefomeWhite with every one,and white by it felF. . , "j. ^ j, ^ , . . ,

; Tnen for the Red 'mt\\^ Cheeks z.Vid,f.iffS^ texo^jLake, ^^^*' Red- lead SLtid i litd^ f^errni lion together. \;. ■/ ■. ',,, ,

Blews, For blews ^ ufe Jndico and white ( for Blew-iiife is never ufed

in the face.) Then for thofe fweet an4 fine blewifli and grayi(h Colours called in french (jrifatrie( which are the weak and fainteft (hadowsjtake white, a little £»^/^/fcfi*e/-,?ind as much (ndicoy and ( if you will ) adde a little (Ma^icote^ it will giye the ^^pw a good grace,, ft;:!^ that it be not too Greene. '■.[_.."■

For jLhe deep ibadowi take !^ite Englijh Okeraa^d Umber^ for thie darke fliadows in mens faces, mingle X/i^f and P/«^f, which makes an excellent jiep^y (hadow. But to prefcribe an abfolute and generall Rule is impoffible j Nature is fo infinite various in the Go/owTjand/JWow of the //tcf, differing one from the ciher^that, what e're can be faid jyour own difcre- tion and practice by the Life^ will be the beft diredion. Yet this.and what I fay hereafter, will be a great furtherance to your ingenious Indeavours.

To

Grifatrlc.

of Limning. ^i

To Order yoHT Light,

AND now, notwithftanding the former preparations your ^ight. very neceffary, yet take this Oofervation oi your Ligbt, being of ihegrcateft importance j and therein ladvifcyou to be curious .* Make your Light with a Curtain or ivirjkm- jhutters fomewhat cleer, with foft and gentle reflefting upon the Perfon to be drawn '■> for a glaring bright light makes hard, and uppleafant rcflediions and lliadows. And becaufe the Sufihe is an entmy to this work,choo(cyour Light Northwards towards the fo,/, one finglc Light only,great and fair,with- out any rt fledion of /><-« or yfails: let it be high^ and fo your fbac'oifi will &lldownward«,rather then rMx;f//>-»;/f,ana the work will bt the fairer and rounder.

Place your felt to your Dedr, that your Light may ftrike And fitting. injide-lon^ from the left hand to the right i your work will fliew with more advantage being turned and viewed to the fame li^ht that it was wrougnc unto.

Haveaclean5dH7f<fror5M/ofW(iffr, to wafh youxPfofilft and another of «'tf/fr to temper your Colours 5 Have a dry brulh-Penfitl to clean your work from duft. A neat and large Fenkaife to take away fuch Ipots or hairestbat may mlxe with your OWjjor fall upon yo\v Qardz Place all thefe on your EV.ight hand : You may likewife cover your Piece with a fmall paper, whereon to try your Tenflls and ColourSy before you begin to work.

Thus fetled ; Draw your L/«^5 purfle, of the/4f« withPhftlinev Lake and i-i^hite mingled together very fine j fo that if hap- ly you miftake your Draught at the firft, yec you may withndroDgStrokf^ draw it true, and the other Line be no hindcranqe to ihc Workc, it bcir.g faint and not eafily dilcernable.

The Irf/ifj thu; truly drawn of the/"*jf^,fomewhat/ibdr'^ and nratt (^wherein you are to be very exaft, above any other di- redions)obferve the deep and moft remarkable jhadows foe your better memory and help, when you come to go over them more exaftly. And now you may ifyou pleafe, draw out alio the fadiion and portraiture, ind that part of the l>odj which you will }oyn to the face, commonly not much be- neath thcShouidrrs ; wherein obferve the Life fo much as pof- fibly ycu can : that part yea may draw with a ftroag and d'.t^^T GoW-,it being eafie to change or deface, in cafe you miftake in the juft proportio/i.

6z 'The Excellent (tArt

The Cenerall manner of working in

himhiug.

Manner of ^ T T IS an ^rt fo cur'ious and difficult to defer ibe by myPf;?, Limning. J^ ( j^^j many Pra8it!oae)'S with much Induftry and die he Ip of ^emonjiraitor>:)have not eafily proycd ProjicientSjiS in thefe po- pulous Nations of EngLmd-,F ranee, and others ; which draw but few famous Mafters out of thoufandsPrdff/f/o^fry. In Eng- land ax this day are the raoft and beft famous in Chri^endeme-^ Yet according to the Italian Proverb ey^ l^uea l/vderaore po- cheparolabajla^io, I doubt not, but your ingenious capacity and knowledge, (I fpeak toa Gf//t/<?w4« ^having already rendrcd you Jiiafier in Studies^ (yeiy likely much above this either in Ho/iour or Pro]jV)will, by the fame induftry eafily conccivemerand with ordinary diligence and praftice, you may likewife attain to exprefs the Life with the Penfil ; by what I (hall deliver in this dead'COLOU% Obfervati- ons. To the Life. -J jjg order you are to follow to theLf/cjis to obferve fome- Firft fucins. ^^^^^ ^^^ manner of Oyl-Painters. The firft fitting, to dead- Colour the face only ; (not troubling your felf at all with the Comparus of i:ia!rs,y^pparrell,Si.c.J Which cbmmorily takes up the time of tiro houres ; or^if very exadt, three or foure houres. ^

Second. The next futing^retin'wesfour or five hours ; for in that time

you are to goe over the/iicf very curioufly, ebferving what- •r->iu. focver may c'onducc either to the Likenefs which is the Prin- d pall ^ ox to the judicious Go/o«r/»^ and obfervation of the fever all maces ^ beauties or deformities as they appear in Nature^ orelfe inclofejTharpj neat workmanlliip,and fweetncffe of the ShadoiFS^znd fmooth touching of the dolours. Third, Xhe third ftti fig, is commonly the wurk of /woor ffcr^f

hours, and is fpent in f /o/itA/«^ what wai betoreleftimper- feft and rough 5 but principally in giving to e\ cry deep fjpa- dom, their ftrong and deepning toucbes^as well in dark (hadoirs of the Eye and Face-jEye-hrowSy Haire,Sares,^c.

' And thcfe Obfervations and touches, are ever the laft part gf the bufinefle,and are never done till all thfe Haire, Appar- retl &c. be finilhed, for this being wrought with judgment and difcretion, adds exceedingly to theZ^iflikcneffeand roundnefreofthe/'/3«>v. It is like to a O^/ort of Mujicke which is relipjed />? the Clofe, -i'^ '

Colours

of Limning. ^i

Cvlouri to the Complexion.

A ND firft to fpcak of dead-Colours^ the manner of working Dead-Colo ■^is fucable'to the J^amfj to be done rough and boldcft of all; Having drzy/n \he face v/hh Laie and ^htte(asbefote laid)yon may take to this Co/o«r a little Red- lead tempering them to the Go/o«r of the CheeiSyUppSj&c. but very faintly: ^^^ for you muft remember, that in this and all other 0/o«ri laLimni/igi you may adde when you pleafe to make your Colour deeper orfiro/jger : but be fure not to make it too deep or too /?yo/yg,foryou can hardly help it without defacing or ipoyling the PiBure. Becaufe, ( as 1 have told you before^! you can never heighthen in this Art, except the two brighp U^ns of the eyes and touches of the Haires. Thus much in generall.Andnow we come to the particular Working.

The frji fittingto worh^in particular,

THe comlincite of the face confifts in three abilities, par^i^-yij^. Beautifull^olour^r Comflesion '■, true Troportion and Fa- direaions of zouriZndGraceintheCounte/ia»cey The curious >4^/^?^, muft the Pifturc. watch and catch the \ove\y graces^ v/htyfmiliaos, (hortand fuddain, which pafs like Lightni/ig, In fmiling how the fjirchangeth and narroweth, holding the fight between the Lidds,as a Center 3 how the Mouth extendeth little, at both ends of the Line upwards j the Cheeks raife themfclves to the Sje wards.

The firll Cohur to b^in the face^ are the Redds of the C/7fi-/tj and 1.7)>/>j fumewhat ftrongly in the bottomeofthe. C/j/«(if.the man be bcardlefs)as alfo over, under, and about the i;jf«,you will perceive a delicate and faint %ednefs ■> and underneath the f)fi fomewhat inclining to 2i Purple Q clour:, which ia fair and beautifull jaces, are very ordinary, and muft be diligently obferved.

The Eare commonly is %eddilh and a little Qrimfon and fomctimesthe^ooM ofthc/jj//v alfo. All thefe you muft work after the manner o{i^ajbi/ig. Hatching or Drawing your Pen(iU along,and with faint and gentle ftroakcs > rather wa- fting then wipeingit,with j/ro^iitj and pricks as fome do affect. But the maimer ot working muft be the fruit of your indiif^ try andpradice, and as you find your inclination, eafe and dexterity of hand 5 V\'hcrein to prcfciibe a certaine Rules is impoillbleiabove that of your own Nature and ex- perience.

The f umme of all. That in your dead Colouring,you mufi

wa(h

5 4 The E xcellent zArt

yfifSiih over your Ground orComptexio/!, with this Redandthe following Ihadovvs. indv.avouriiig not only tobecxad and curiousjbutalfo bold and judicious : For I have feen PtBures by a good Maftcr begun,and dead-coloured only, that necr at hand chcy fcemed cxccededElough,Uo«f eUjand anpleafanri yet being viewed at a diftance from your £jf, they appear ,. very fmooch, neat, and delicate •• therefore I (hall perlwade you in this firft worke, not to ftudy or regard curioiity, or neatnel* ofyour Co/ow/Jibut a bold and judicious manner of cxpreffing,what you fee in the Life,

Which though you worke never fo Rough at the Jf^/f, yet in the finifhing, it will be in your power tofmeten and clofc itjneat and curious as you plcafe. Biew-Coiour- fhc ^if^being done, the next is your faint Llevps about the working. Corners Sc bdih of the eyes and temples,which you rauftvvork Eyes. from the uttermoft part to the/^f<',and fo along, but excee-

ding fwcec and faint^by degree;^, fwcetning your jbadow and deepningi according as the U^ht fallsj with hard or gentle tou- ches i and in going ovet the face^tixa^ to fnir!(eout the hard \hackm^\n xhedarke fide of ihtface-, under the A'o/V, C/;rVi, £y irowei as the //^fof fallsjand fomewhat ftrotig tmtches^ in thofe places, bring up the work in an equall rouMdnejJe ; giving perfe6tions to every particular part, by vifiting all the face curioufly, and in a kind of randomc^ by which meanes yoa will better obfervethelikenefs,rc««^Af^e,;^o^^«rrj, or celou- rinjT)WhitToQ\CTisre>nar(:aUei to make your work compleat andcxquifite.

Thefaint and lighter /fc<«/oB J being done and fomewhat fmoothed,and wrought into the Red, you may work over the Hairc. Hjjrt; difp^jfing it into fxich formes^folds^axid turnings, as may

beft become the Piclure.

You muft at firft only draw them with Cohurs a$ neate as you can, futablc to the i-rff; and after wafli them roughly as the reftjand tl icn once more,perfeft the work; and be furc to fill up the void empty bare places vnxhCohur which arc uncoverecUand for the parting ^/fjp^deepning it fomewhat moreftroigly then before, in theplaccsof thedarkeft/fod- f/on^f^ftill carefully oblerving the Ltfe^ which muft beycur Loadpa/ii,e,'. Note, And ever remtmbring moft needfully firft to work your

Colours ?iXid,lbtidonSyii% deep and jlto/ij^ asyou fee them, but by degrees 3 beginning faifitly, increafmg the ftrcngtli -of the jbadojpScZS the I e(^ of the work comes up unto it,and fuitsfor It.

And for this, noHulc can be given betrer, then thar^f your Dwn« judj^«nent. And fo here wc have dooe crax

face

of Limning, ^^

face alone and that in Jead COLOU RS only.

Second fitting,

V OUR. next workc will be longer in time, but not fo Second fit-

longindefcripiion : for this will take up five or fixe or ""5- more /^owrc-j, as you will bi-ftow moreor Icflepaincsinthc worke.

And now the ^< rfon being fet juft in the former yoBure^yoyx are more txad^ly to obltrveand cuiioufly to expreA Nature^ which you did but rudely fcore out before, for dircftioa thercin,thi$ is all chat can be laid. You mud ufe g aia the Obfcrran'on. fame C«lours^\n the fime places, you did before in \hc firjl fit- ting i workingjdriving and fwectning them one into another* to the end that nothing be left in your workc^ with an hard edge, or uneven hcap,or patch oi cWowrsjbutaltcgether mix- ed and driven one into another, with the poynt of(ffome- what) alliarper /'««//// tlicn you u fed at ^"^/^, tuac your fha- A^on^i may lye foft and fmooth, beinga difpcrfed and gently extended into, and towards, the light and partt oi the fatt, like aire,fmoake^oT vapour ^

But before you proceed thus far, yeu arc carefully toob- fcrve all cheaforefaid/ib4^cii>$ and 0^0^/5, and by little and little ro woi k them, over,& into one another Sand when you have wrougiitanhoureor two, it will be time to lay your ground behind your PtHure. It is commonly iUwox Crimfoui J}^'^ Ground- iomcwhithka fatten otvelutCurtame^ much in ufe with i,i°lj'"' *"" old Hitltard.

If ^/fWjyott muft lay it thus, (being not cafie to do it well Curcaine of and eeven ) The Btfc being pure and clean wa(hed,tempcr How w lay it of it as much in a/W/, as will cover a Card. Let it be all thorough moy ft, and well bound with the Sun ; Then with a fmall /*<"/;);// drawCwith ihe fsmcColom'^thc outfide or Pur- JiCi I mean thcoutmoft lineofthe/;f4</and body of the Pic- ture.Thit done with a larger Pe/^jill^ walli over carefully the whole ground , that you mean to cover, with fomewhac a ihinneand waterifli^/«'«' j and after with a reafonable great Pe»fillyfM oiColour and flowing^, lay over that very place, with thick and fubftaniiall Colour, which before you had on- ly jr^/ibf over. In doing of this,be very fwift, keeping your Remarkable. Co/oar moyft, that you have laid, not fuffering any part thereof to dry,untill all be covered : by this meanes, it will lyeasfmoothasgUfs, and the watering over tneCWbe- fore,wlth a thinne Colour^ makes the reft,tha t you lay after, to fettle eeven and handfome, which othcrwife wo«ldlyc in heapsjlike unto dnit fa^>d:U is a troublcfomc Colour.

i It

66 The Excellent aArt

Ctimfon Sai- If you wi 11 ha vc the ground as Cr/w/o« 54ff£'/f, you tnuft ten ground, ^ofkc Y^^ith /W7rf-Z.fl<Y,whcre, and in what places, you will have thofe//>tfw^ and high //jjAry,ariid reflcftions to fall, which are feen in fmen and 'w( /i ei. ' ,^ LayyotiT//g/?tWith'tbihn<!an<JWaterifliZ'4/^e'jandindcep- ntng and ftroog/ibdc/oMjcloie by th6 other //^^fe/j, with thick- It cannot be better cxpreffed poffibly, than to take a piece of/«#:f«5of any ^o/o/zr, Tjcing laid before you>you will pre- ^fendy fee, what an excellent prefident the lt]( is for light and fljadowr'ao inftrudioiijbeing like to this experimenc." :v,«vi-WO .- ^henyOnr back -/^o^^c/ is laid anddry, you will find the y^ure ftrangely chan^d, the beauty of thefe^^rowwfl'j will fo "darken and dead the PiBure : T^e apparrell with fitting Co- i/o»/^,beiDg a!fo done only flat with heigthning or deepning-, Then go over the f^^tffagainjfeducing your /fo/ifl'ojpy, to much fndTdd trthc neatn5re,dtawing the fyes and liwesof the //^j,expreffing the face, noli'ih redncffcjthe/wit^t'B^ entrailce into ihc eareSyXho. dtcp-

tieffo of thte-jf-^roipj, and thofe ojore perfpicuous w<ir/tvf of thc/iiirp, with fomewbaf a more ftiarpe and curious Pen-

But to J>latt'icularli2S every thing, would fccro ro be a plot

upon your patience. And theretore to finiih i\\\i fecond fittings

I only t^ilTi you not to leave your ground, to reft upon

„ the/rffif too hatd,with an edge » but with your Peftjill Co to

- i woloO fweeten and dtive.in your Co/fli</-5 into che Ettfiroake^or outline

ba^ of the/sfrthai when the work is donc,the^yo«W may ftand

as it were a great deale diftant from the face behind the

,'[ Pifture,'ahd the faci^ feeme to (land forward off from the

-.; d M • jfyjw^r'ibydarkning both the ^^ro»«rf above, from the lioht-

fidcohh^t'iciure, and below, on the dark-fide of the Fic-

■-,•1 1 ■ lure. ' !. ; .

Then g*'i'verthei?4/V<'5lightning and deepning it by the

AndHaire. Lije, and'^ently drawing the lincs ot thole locks oUjsirfMp-

peTmort,and benind over the^/caWj which elfe would feem

nard andunplcafant.

Now when you have done thisy;f««^, and the Perfon

gone and Weary (as ufually they are) and yet your work be

rough(as indeed it will be, as yet,impoffible to bring fo cu-

■ 4 t . .' yJQug work to abfolute perfedion)you muft: fpend fomcgood

time by your felf, in polilliing 8c working your Piece to per-

feftJonifiUing up the empty places,and/«'<'<'rw«^ the fhadms,

that as yet may lie unceven,hard,and unplcafant.

The Dreflines Then go on in your linne» dreflings and app.irre!I,to make

out the fcverall fob'sj and deepning as you (hall find in the

^Xz/i" :iorin pcrfciftingthe worke, lay the /«««^//, apparrell^

■ ^ jeipelsf

of Limning. ?y

ffwtih^pearlci, arrcKwhatclfeistobeimiratedj) in the fame fold and forme as you have drawn it in your prfi draughty and then finifti it by the ///if as you (hall fee ihc j%adorvs iad ligh: talijlightning the lines, with the purcft ivhttfj a little

The///jf*inuft be deepned with Ivory-hUck, andafyou^'^'^.''''^''*' worke in fcrt>fcr/Ww^ and light reflexions, you muft mingle '^"'^ ' ' with the ordinary' black a little Lake or tn^co, or rattier bne~ tng in ftead of Umuo ; you wfc! find the blsclc to render a cu- rious and arltnirablc rtflcftion like to Well drycd prtr/; j erpecially if your Ir^n be ftrong and hard. The matter where- otjif yqu pleafe to fee imitably expreft, you will find it a« boundintty in fcverali rare pieces done by that incoiri^ara- bleMafter Hd/.J/fo/^i« whoinalibis differing and various i^.^,.

manner of Paintiftg cither in Ojk(Di^iemper^t. Limning was fb generall an Artift, as never to follow any man, nor any one able CO Imicatc him.

THe third fittltHgvi'x^Ut ifily fpent in eiving the ftrong Tbird fitting. foaffcfj ncceffary for rounding the /4ff, which now wiS .;.>;.>j appear better for obfervation, tlj^ apparrclly hair^ zTid^rou/td^ ,

being already finifhed. . .

In thisj';;;;/*^ therefore obfcrve, what ever may coocracfe to tne likehefsaod re^emhUhce-y which above all ii the prjnci- Likeneflc.Rc- pal aimel viz.fi.t/i-moliisJmiL/^ig,orglanceifig of the ^j'-jdefcen- c"n*cn"ncc dingorcontraftingthetnouthi narrowing the eyes, wuh Marks,Moies.* fmiling. to which pur pofe, find occafion of difcourfe, or caufe the party to be in a6lio.i,<)r to regard you with a Jo'U- ^''"• all merry and difcourfive afpeft. Wherein you muft be rea- :i:H

dyandapprehenfiveto fteal obfervatiouSj and to exprefs them witn a quick bold and conilant hand, ever remem- Remwkabk. bring net to make the deeper /Tw^fcirj too darke and obfcure, as happily you may think they appear in the Life, which in Painting (as deep as the Lifeyis no good Rule to follow, and in Limmng is a note of very neceflary confequencej conclu.le your face with tWefe obfervations, that the eye gives the lijc^ the »o/>jthe favour J the mouthy the liket. efs.

Ifthere happen any -^rwotfr or CoU-wcrk to obfervethl* Armour m "F^le. _ ^°^<«»r

Firftjlay Liquid Silver ^^^ty and eeven, dried and burnilht suyer. with a fmall ^<rf/V/5-tooth,(handfomely fittedinto a Pett'iU- ftickj) then temper the ("hadow of ^rwotfr,with Silver jf/^idico. Litmus znd n \kt\e Umber j work your /V^aa^ows upon, and over, according to the Life •, the heighibbingi are to be left,

bca-

X

68 The Excellent oArt

ring the bright bm ni(h. Thcp deepnihg the depth of the ftia- dow (the thinneft part thereof) with fomeftore of ^//I'fr which muft be fweetly wrought into Silver, and laid all flat as before. Gold Colour. As for the (Jo/a', you may lay your ground flat with£«^- U^h O^Cvr^tempcred wi i h Itqutd <joU. Yet there is a jione in tiie ♦aii-ftoneof Gall ofan Oxfjcalled the gall-porte, which being ground and •nOxc. jjjjjjf ^jfjj (3o/t/, is good for ail GoW- works, and gires an ex- cellent luflre in the(badowing.

Whcnthedeepeflidarktft places are to be mixed with Hack j your Iigl\tning muft be pureft and fineft liquid . Cold. ,..^.„,

The manner of The manner of working whcreofwas taught by Old Hi' wot^iDg iqui Hard thus'.liia yout vfotk, there be any car-J»^^ or Imkjfu/g^ and that in iheltoht part,it muft be fparing •> and you muft very finely expreffe it by railing Cin the high and round pla- cei^alittle/)/zVor heapeofthisG4//-^c//f or En^hfh Okerj by taking your Fenjiil full oiColouty antl refting the point in one and the fame place til your ixighth^oi touchjbe raifcd above your other workc.

Tnat done, cover over your raifed workc with Gold^ and _ you will fee it exceeding fair and bright.

Or Silver. The like you muft do' with 5;/i^fr.

Pcarle. To exptefle the roundneffe and luftre o£ Pearl ; do it with a

Di»mon<l». I'ltth Pinck. Diamonds 2TC c\ptei\ Hat vf'nhliqttidSiLerj laid round and high, the deepnin^ muft be Cheny-jionf black, and the dcepeft liory black, the Sther drycd and burnifbt is for heighihnifig ; the ftrong and darker the fhaJoms arCj the fairer the DIAMOND ; which if you could fetofF, as I could wifti, would equal! that in the Crand-Suhans

' 1 he fecret of Ruhies^ is of maine confequcnce j v/x k lifu

tempfranda. It is deli Vi. red in the (avn>eHiero^lyphicalX2abali(ii'

fd//Charafter. Having therefore laid the ground ofplver

burnifhcjthe bignefTc of the Rubie, take^^hferea^uar^oUhe beft

and pureft K'4j^ro»w/xn then take a needle or Imall pointed

Inftrumentjheated in a Candle 8c lay a drop or a little of this

compofiticn u, on the burniftjt Sil^er as aforcfaid,fa(bioning

the ftone,round or fquare, or other forme with the poynt of

your InftrumentjLetitlyeaday ortwotodrye, and it will

EmrauM or^ j,g ^g^y fj,j, j,^^^ tranfplendent,it being long a drying5 And to

the other compofition a little powder of 7«/,/c.For an Emrauld

or Grecn-jfo/af, lemper your ji^heereaj^uar with terdigrrecestnd

a little turmerick root,(nrft fcrapcd) with vinegar; then let it

dry, then grind it to fine poVrder,andfo temper it with ^/;r-

ertaouary3i% you did for the Rulit.

For

of Limning, ^P^

For a5.r;;/ /V- ^and all kind oilAen ftones the fame Cheerca- SaphJre. guar ceiTiptred vfiihUltrO'iMrifieh exccllentjelpecially if your Co/o«rbefaire.

For an Atneili^ the fame Gheereaguar mixed with k'aho- f^^^^^^^ riaht and wa't auk j and lo the other colours as you pleafe to niixL them ; though 1 conceive I have akeady cold you the faireft.

Thus having inriched you with a Mine of Precious (io»es, and pfjrltSy v/ithoold :o infer them il will conclude this prfi piTtof ridure by the Lt'f, with the manner of making //(^arW

lomak^ Li quid-Gold me ji Excellent^

t ; IU07 n-311' /

TAke of the fine /fd/^r-GoW about the quantity of halfe Liqaid GoIJ, aC>w*/. orra:her of the cutting of the fame, to .the ''""'''=" like quantity ( at the Gold-leauts^h grind this with a thicke and ftrong Gui»-va[tr,upon a reafonable large ftone,YCTyfine and painfull y^you cannot niake it fine enough, being ratiier opm LaLoiis, qann Ingen i. As you grind it,adde more Qum- vMer-> and though the Gold look never lo dirty and black cfteem it noc the lefle worth ; and having wrought it to a competent fineneffe, take it off from the /^o/;?; putting in more Gum-iratey walh it as cleane as you were told beforcj and in the fame manner as you did your Bife , Smaih &c. /,.! . :? - f.

Being very clean, adde to it a little LMfrcurj fuhUmtte<> on thepoynt of a Kr,ife,vi\th which you muft temper with it, a verj' little Gaw, to bind it in the (hell, and as it fettles and begins lo dry in the/lv//, iliakc it together ; remove, and fprcad the G^/^i about the fides thereof, that it may be alto- gether one ^<»/o«r and finenefTe, which when it is dry and faiiras it will bciif you carefully wafh it clean.Ufe it with fair Bj/c/,av y >u do your other Colours: and this way yoij fhall find your Go/jV fairer and more in quantity, then you can buy, for mu.h more money.

Tomak^LiqHidSiher.

^~' He fame courfe take with silier^ wiiich you muft ufeLiqaU Silver, in ti.e fame manner. Only with this obfervationithat "'"•**'" '^• ft-ein-j^ the 5//..r>3either with long keeping, or tr.e moyllurc of ayre,will become ftarvcd and ruftyjyou muft prevent this Inconvenience before you lay your S/Vivr, by covering o- jjj^j^jj^^jjj^ Ycr the ^ bee with a little juice otC^^/v/tf. Ic will keep it \ery faire and brigh::this fecret I had from Mr. Hiliird.1hn% have I done \r:th my firft Dt^:[ion. T The

'o The Excellent dArt

Ihsfecottd Divifton hy-. Landsk$p •*

The Tdki.

TAke fooK; f^elhme, (have it upon a thinne frame 5 faft- ning it with Starch,Pafte, or GluCjand parting it upon Landsicip. a hoard; which manner of making, for Landskip or Htjiorp is altogether uled in Italy. I mean thin Varchment with any Pafihard for your Tablet, large or lefs fize, you intend for your PiBure.

Grff/ijofallCoWjismoftdelightfull tothe ^jf. Not in

all the Art of i'<«//i'//V;^ fuch variety of Co W, morepleafing

Landiki af then is thc Pyof/^ifH of a well-wrougat Laz/dskip; efpetially

lerth'cLifej when your ingenious Induftry hath already rendred you a

the way to Matter of Arc and contemplation. If youdrawaP/^/ffSE

draw It. fromtheL//f5 T^i/'f your iMf/W/ upon the rizeoi ground, or

top of an //?//, where you fliall have a large Hft 7 io/> ; And

ikoreyour Tablet into three dtvifm.s downwards,from the top

to the bottcme, fet your lace direftly oppofite to tlie midft

efyour Honz^n^ and keeping your body fixed, Obferve

what is x^rnprchendcd dirediy before your eyes, and

draw that into foime upon y out Tablet ia the middle-D/-

vifim. ■

. Then turning your Hi?4<r/oDly3(not your body)totheright hand, draw likewife what is prefcntcd to your fight^ ad- joyning it to your former Draught and frame it mto the fame.

And fo alfo removing your ^/^k to the left hand, take that obfervation, which will make a compkate p ROS- PECT.

Andasall things appear in P/'/Zd^iCf and T'rwf/?, Proportion and Colour jio be careful! to exprefs them ; Mort Gouiitrief Southward> Spaine and Italy, aWoxd w onderfull ftrange ob- jeifts in Landskip, Htlls^, Dales, Rocks, Mountair.s-, CataraBs, Ruines,y4qu<eduBs, and alwayesa fair skie to difcover far off, which are rarely done there to the hife. You cannot mifs ofmany examples every where, though lefs pleafing ; but in Holland, none at all. So then, the-Dwrc/na ifompofinga Piece o^ Proj'peH, of their own PMcie and I/ruenttin, for wane of the Life moft grofly erre in PropOrtion,Diftance, and Co- lour. Now for the want ot the Life and Mature, if you will adventure on your fancie j Go to work this way.

1 cannot preftribe, how to ord^r your light, in a piece of Lar.dskipby the Life;{or according to the place, as you look North,ox Souibfcard^Eafl, or li^e si -rpard, as the time of the day and the Sun's declination, fo muft you order your /Jb-j^'om- as

they

of Limning. ji

they appear. Bui in all working of Pai/:ti»^by Fancte, let your light deicend from your le^r, to your right hand .• So will it appear upon the work, from the ri^ht to the left, the more gracetull. (But when you paint a face to the /r/c, you mull obfcrvc the parties face, which differs, fome more per- fcdjcither to the riuht or left.

In making it ^ Firft, beginne withalarge/X/Vorf/^wfjo/Tomakea and if there be any (hining or rcfledion oftheo«-8w, (inLandskip. which only ihe'Duich are neat and curious,) then you muft be carefuli > by no meanes to mixe Red-Uoi/., or Mene^ io the purple of the fkic, or Clouds, but only with hake and nfhite^ theTellow and »W;r'/Jfc beams of the Sunned muft be wrought wit/i Af4jiicoate and fVhtif^ which as foon as you have done, lay by that Penfil , For you mujt mt mtngle the Uew Colours of the Clouds vpith anj Penfil that hath touched Ma(licoatr, It mil make thefkie Gree/tt\b andchfcolomed.

Make up the hlewilh fkie and Clouds yf\th Smalt and not with Pifr^ioT it is too green and I'letv 5 and nothing fo proper for tile purpofe. At the firft working, deadskW your Piece o- ^""^ CoIokb ver,/«//andflowing with 0/o«r5fuitable to the Aire, and greefi Meadows and Trees or Ground not laying them on heaps but fomewhai fmooth. Be not curious in your ^rhdead- Go/o.7/^y,doitflightlyandhaftily. Leavealarge/X'/V, which work-down in ihtHorizon j feint and fair : as-you draw necr the Earthy let the remote and far off Mountains appeare fweetandmifly, undifcoverable, and almoft indiftin- gaiiliablcjmixing into the C/oWj, as it were loft in the yiyre.

Your oext ground-Colour downwardsjmuft increafe in big- Next ground. nefs of propomons as neerer the fight, and muft be fomewhat l^leffijh as Sea-green and as you draw neerer the firft j^row/?^ Ietthem<.leclincforoctimesintoa*i??^<5^r/f7fe,othcrwile into a Popi/ijay-greef/.

YoarUikgiOurJ Culour muft be neereft the Colour oi Earth, a datk-yellow-^hown ^ green-, eafier to be done with the Per{iL then defcribed by the Pen.

The fame Colour ( or neere the fame, ) muft be your firft And neercc. Trees ^ and alwayes as they come down neereft in diftancc, ''y'

they muft increafe towards their Na> ur all Colour ^ in larger.efs, and ^fr/f(.y/o//, fomewhat fuitingtlie Earth.

By any means,let paffengers Sc people by the ways cncrcaft ^^^^ ncerer hand and be made bigger in their /or-wf aid Co/a^r j and evermore let every thin«;, from left to the right hand in a Line, be of the fame equ.ill bigncfs. You might have feen Paflengt. rs in fome hinofkip ( who (hould be imagined Jour OT pie mtles in diftancc from the ^x)to be exprefs-

ed

•^ z The Excellent aArt

ed neereFjand as at hand which is a groffe crrour. Trees. xhe Treei muft be made with great judgment, the leaves

flowing or filling one with the other, fome llicking forward, others loft in fhadonrs. ^ Let not your Landfkip oiland, rife high, and lift it felf into

the top of your P/Vcf , as hath been noted inthePw.ts of ^4/- l;ert Dur&r-i ( otherwife, in his way, an excellent LMafier:,) rather let them lye low, and under the eye, which is moft gracefulljand more Naturall, with a full fkie.

The moft generall and abfolute Rule in Landflip, was ob-

VmIbuITs ob- ferved by that excellent Mafter at Rome^Taul Brell,whoCe de-

fcryations, ijghtfull works many of them extant in /'^/V;r J, are fet out

by Raphael znd^oha Sadler. BefideS many Paintirios of his

own hand both in Frefcoe and Oyle^ in the i'allace of Cardinal

CMontAltre, by St. Maria Mah^ior, Bemo^lia in CMou/>t Cahallo,

and in the Church of Sz.CectllU ? His obfervation is onely

this, That an Artift muft be fure to make all his jhadom fall

r h a ainft ^"^ ^^y ' '^^^ **'. '° P^ace li<iln againftfl'^/i-,and dark againft

dark, tt icon- light. His meaning is, that to oppofe Light loOMdons, is on-

trmo. ly t9 remove and extend the I'rofpecf, and to make it (hew

far off,yetfo as ever they muft lofe their force of vigour as

they remove from the fje, andtf ftrongeftalwaicsneereftat

handjand as they fall on th? firft ground.

Heifhtn-ing the BeCdes all ih'is fecond working , you are to touch up the

touches otthc .Treesy boughs, and/ir/iwfc^ofthcm, putting all the ftV:><-l'ha-

^""- dows fiift, and failing the /tj^fcf^r leaves above the .'Wit (??, by

mixing fome Mapioate with the dark^rffw, which you may

make with Bife^Pinke-, and Indico.

Theuppermoft ofall, you arc laft of all toexprefsby

lightly touching the exteriour edges and ^r/V/.rjoffomeof

the former leaies, with a \itl\c gree/i M^jiicoare, and n^htte. If

deeper, daxkefl jhadms, you may well fet cff with/;j/>-^rY(?/»

and Indico. Only remember, that both in the leazes and

trees-,Rivers, znd tar diftant Mouatains^-yow muft affect, to ex-

prefs certain reall Momce-dello(^asPaul Brell calls it), or fofe

delicatenefs, which is the very next remarkable in the

worke.

Cataraftsand There IS great Art in making C^f^?wTS and terrible falls

Roclfl.*"'^' of w/irf r5( fuch as youfceat£/«o//;'neer J^owc')and fearfull

Rocks. Wherein Montpert of >^/.tnerp is excellent; no

^Pieces pafs his hand without them. 1 hey are rather made

with fleight of hand, and a little dramme of dilcretion with

judgment,then by ftudy and diligence.

^ good full ground muft be firft lail neer the C^'la/r-^ then with ftronger,in the d.irk placet 5 and fl.ight and eafie /.'<>/ (jt- nin^ ia theZ/gfe/^^everobfervingthofe dil-propjrtions,Crdf/.«

and

Of Limning, yj

znAruptures o(-~arious oxer-jcannte colours^lhc manner whcre- of,you fee abundantly expreft by moft mens Penjils^almoU in every Lai.dfkn>. ^ . l

1 iliould have proceeded inaformall difcourfe ofthc^""""* "'^''' fecond manner of working,according to the/<rfoW fitting atter the Life: But 1 fpare your troub le ret erring you to thofeob- fervations heretofore direfted .' for curiofity in this work is nor fo much required, as in a PiBure.

The greateft cunning herein is to cofen your own q^j 5 which yet,you cannot do, without their confent in aflifting, by an apt accommodation of rarity of Colours^ in their due places, In fuch mannttj that many times in a r^Uet ofafpan longi a man's Imagination, may be carried quite out of the Countrji SeaSi and Cttties-^ by a fure piece of his own making. See Strceters moft cxa(5 and rare Landfiips in Ojl.

the "third Dwifton of Hijiory*

YOu flial] rarely fee Mtjlory in Lim^Ar^gto be done in any Hiftory of largenefs. Only four books there are in a OUafter Book "'= P'="^ ^' oi Paulo tjuwto in the yatictn Library rcafonably well done by owe S almi At o^ti Florentine.

In the fame place there is a very antient <]reek Martjre^ looifi fometime belonging totheEmperour£4/;//««abouta • thousand years fincc. Wherein were Limned upon Parch- ment 4<$ 3 good large Hijlories out of the Msrtjrdome of Anti- ent holy people in the primitive Church , and thefe pie- ces were done by feverall Gretians dwelling at ConiUnti* % Gtxtians^ nople.

Other Books exceedingly wel limm'd in that Lil;rar),6oae '^y ^'^"' ^"* by jilbert Durar. ^"'

Another ,done by Dm cUiio very neat and curiousjand al ^'" '^^^"^ thefe upon Tarchment^on]y the jiejhy Colour wrought in, with the poynt of a .Penpll^ without any Frimere or ground at all. " **

Which certainly isaufrror, or rather ff^/f/;V in the /f4-_ rmch- Ifan, who wil by no meanes admit of Limning with a iwiuns. ground.

But that which is In^ar omnium^ is an Hj(icr) oi the Buriall ofaOK-tMA! Monarch, done upon a large 7<i^/ft oHmeahoi- n->.f Parchment, polifhtd on a fmooth and well fcafoned board oiPear-tree, It was in the hands oi Mr. Srjdymon Porter & begun by that in comparable Maft€r,7/ddf)t 0/^^fr5almoft Ust^koiivfr. to the endjbut it had finifhing from his S onne.It was a piece of the greateft beauty and perfeftion (for fo muLh)as I think all Europe or the- yy'orlu can produce. And I believe if Carlu- Xttn miindrai 'mh\i Dutch Hiftory of the famous Paintenhad

U feene

74 ^^^ Excellent <L4n

• a 'Tome

feen this /'/ffr/rif, his book might have encrea fed to;

with this worthy deftription. -J {i

Thediftcrence , The difference in Painting oiriuures and Hiflor) are infi-

Hft"'""^'"! ^^'^' though theCo/6«>s be the fames and to particularife

Pi'fture ^" but in parCjWhat rhay be faid of this lubjeft would be end-

leffe. Variety of Co- The moft remarkable difference ccrtainely is in the vari- lourjio the gty of Colours which according to their fevcjal Ccmplexiof^Sy ^''^' 5fx,and^_^f5maybereprefented, and many times accor-

ding to the humduijjudgment and affedion ot the Work- man ^ And we fee ordinarily, ths praftice of the beftand moft famoas Painters , ( thofe that follow the Life , ) , doe tve themfclves iiYaiijhth and vredfely , to what SfTan[iT. they fee m their yattemes \ the dehgnes and drawings of Z)/oowdrt and Spranger. ) Yet in the Invention they affume Liberty afFec- unco thcmfelvcs liberty or rather licence in their racking aad tcdmCoiou- /^>^4/;jffl' proportions fo othierlB in their Gv/owr^W) as that ma- ny times extravagancies,and impolubilities, ( ir not ridicu- lous), do appear. ByRtfpw/ Vi- Hence comes itjthat the rare Rapl;ael tlrhine affe^ing a de- "'^' licate pleafing liberty inCokuring of his Niked's^xs fo pitcifuK

ly imitated by feme of the Dutch Maftcrs. '. Arid fo, the Dutch pefter cheif work wich greenilh, bUw and .perpli Colour^m their N'akea*s, as would^rather fervefor a rca- fonabk tax^p. and- fet oatthe flcfh asit baftinijido'd into black and blew. And iigano, -: 'Tile Naturall £;j/tf«o,an oidiand exfeetlbnt Maftcr ;yet fo zSt^ed to Topi an6^Drippifig'pAmef^ tO'Ufiv cotes viod Dog^s, that his H i^'jr J oitht 'Deluge fometimes in the Gallery at ■'" St. "jdme'i hy m)i(ehkll , fe^rhcs to be r^b^r a ditordcred and confufed Kttcl.'in ; then Noah's floud, AiilVn and . 8o Rabert in bis affefted Colouring (omdtimes tqtheprivy ci^rnei'tm ot (}j,-l^eyy at prhitekil! ^ind Cormltu< of Har^iem in his Itxsfe & un- ^'"'""' rruffed figures, like old and beaten Qladiatry 5 fcem excee- diglytoabufethatgende and modeft licence, which al- wayes graced the worke of that admirable luilun (Jliichael Anielo. ^ngelo^ihat therefore it is not fife to go beyond the Life tsl-

ther then lo much to exceed the patternejby thtChimeraes of their own brain and faacyiand yetwbat I have touched be- fore concerning him alfo^isaccountcd'a fault.

..»v ■ F our fe^ei*all forts of C (flouring.

FourfeveMir"j>^3eed and'bHefly tlf^rcl-ai'efbtir'fc^al! kirtd^bTetrl^ . waves of Co- J_ringtobeobfcrved in flTr/forf., -Ofyoung //?/"^^;fy, oifsire

Unring. ^lOjlfii 'A">^«.'^ "if* ii> «^ ^ir(ri

■•'Ji r

of liming., ''" ~ iiif

virgins, oijiiung vome/i^ Qi oUmomen, in every of thefe feve- rally. It is in the power of a judicious Artift , to vary an^' diangetlicir manner of colouring, according to his cUfcrci|i* on ) or as the occafion and fubjcdl of his intcp^pn fh^U re- quire.

Infaats znAyoangchiUrea are to be of a foft, a^ry, an4 tfn-,j of jafant der complexion j crimfon and ^elic^tp collpured blojod upon!*' the ear and jl/«jalmoft ttapfpi^rcnt i >vhich ypu will ci^preflc^ with ivl/itfy Lake, and a little Red-lead'; the (naddoVvcs are to be thin, faint, and tendcf.4"«Ue ciuce^^^tp^^fhin^fingers^ knees » and /Of 5,morc reddifli than the other parts' of the body. The Ltntjen and Laune about thefe tender ^odies , are to |:^e madp thip, and v^xy tranfparent 5 onely.i\rpiigIy t^ucj^pd '^ in tiafc .

( The cpQiplexions of nV^/«j'apd f'^ir^.owwg wmeri ; are not i-Virgins and lip , much different from the otHcr cokurifjg , asiii thep^rfe- f»"^- Women. ^i^Iqii and ftjapcncffc of the .wprjc ; thojCc levy and loft Att^fcles arc fob^ doiie gcp^ly jand eafily > jo exprsffe thc^jl^addoivej of white-yellow-, hlervijby in feme places pfrflf* Arid if you fcek perfcftion in thisj of ^ny orfthercft^ ,thc nearcftj apd.moft ^rtain, and inf^llplc 4ire<3:ion^, is, by the I^fei yv^i^h you ^ay follow with beft afluran(;ei ri9cCj^I\v.^ies,',,wfe'fup]^ofe^, ■^pu know all fotourSi a^d ho>v to mix them at ple^fufcl ' ! ^ y:./l(fe/,shqdi^Sf}fikedy arc tobcma<ieftf,ong,rpbuftiou$, atid J-'^*"''"'"*** •jvjgarousj the J4>i/V/« ,and 5/Wwf.j WoJigly and'ci^ fcl- lowcd , allotting to every ./i^terj \}i^ fight ^pd clue place' j .which to do with underfknding,i^^lfudy and pfartfliic of jji'.o:!.»\i ■jfour whole life J and yct^^n Ani^ othcrwifc^^nnay rfdt bfC djeftciept in this. So exceedingly jd^tH/»/f»/««rtftrar>fccady^yr, and her Idol^pers 5 nqt cafi|j^ j:9,pe\cpiuricd ,' oj: ^o much^ t'p beMWedaf^roff. j ^..j". .| /, ,' ' ..''.!

j,j. Apd ibPMgh' thefe oI{er{^(ui,Oiis'f.x^\Qaxe{\i\[y to.be fexaili- tPJ§d,,>A'OtifciRin theppw,9r,^Pid judgment of the F^/Kfirfji,, to iivpry tnc eoio(jrsandii:sctiil\,^oinpiextops ofoodiesi opcly,if the.pdftutcs be cirhcrrepofcd, or othcrwifeiiri violent a^ion , they are tobe more or lefieexprefled. c; v -' -';

; n;. AivexcRlklU rtwdow for an oldmm\s\^Qdp ^is Timk'^tMke , "^'^^^ '""*'"' Q.\-\A, I'yory-hlack -J ic will be 3 glowing:f|iadow , like the ex- ipct?j|ion ofdicBW/'fX/t'jan^/ar^omoi the face aiidha^^^ .

. p^9pl<iexH-Qamly rfge^/, dark eyes, fuq^ahcholly i^fpc"6t. Sub- ject enough, toftiow clu^ rich<;sof<^/j-^>>f<c'»,apdyi«V/>'j ^fpe- cially it ic be luitable to the mjhry.

To order many pcrfons in one I'/iif /d-t , ofihefamd/^xapd Severalipcr- ; \4gej AppAtell/»g and tkthitig ihch, per [onages •, I dp, riot _fi i]d^rhat [°"J f^^^^ If^ _,thc bciV ^«;»;/'yj l^avc been very carcfull, to.prcfcni ji^«rfjra6/et. ' with colours of apparell> fitting their ycarsi as to an old man ,^•"^5"" °^,

fjxJ their Apparel.

' iU iiwiij

-JZl

The Excellent Art

Drapery two watft.

fad and dark colours , and luch like j but rather quite con- trary , bending their noble ftudy to cloth their figures, with what may beft adorn their workmanftiip. The Baftern Nati- ons were never clothed m black ox fad colours.

The Virgin Mary is univcrlally (as it were by common con- fent) rcprefented in Purple and Azure 3 St. '^ehn the Eza»geli^ in5ftfy/ft, the >^/)cjf/f J (though moft reverend) are vefted in Creen, Crimfon, BleWi as pleaTcth the Painter.

Of Drapery in Limning*

FOtDraperyt I find but two wales in ir/»W«j^ j the one by ttaliam and French, to work-in their jlparrel, in manner of washing j working it with the point of a Te/ifilli with flips and little pricks, and engraving it all over, fomewhat like the nap of Frifado; yet fo, that when all is done , you may fee the parchment quite through your work 3 which, in my opinion, is a very fleight fingle-foi'd device , and rather like a ^yajh- drajfingiXhan a Matter's work.

The better vvay is, to lay a good, flat, and full ground, all over , whofe Draprry you mean to make ^ and it ic muft be iB/^»', then all over witnft/iTjfmoothly laid. The deepening Blew Drapery La/ce and Indico, the lightning fyhtte, very fine, faint, and fair 5 and that onely in extreameft light. The fame order you are to obfcrve,in all your Draperies whatloever. And this was the

way oilfaac Olizer, in my obfervation. Jfuc Ohm. Y^gj.^ .^ ^Q i^g ^gg^ jjj ^^^ pgjgj.^ Qf ^^^^ j^i'^ ^^^^.^^ ^^.^_

Lightning fon-vehet Curtains , and Clothe* of Cold, excellently witliGold, cxpreffed by lightning, with fine (hell-aold : buc it muft be hatched and wafticd 5 and your gold muft be of your own ma- king , for you can buy none fine enough for this purpofc.

You cannot believe, what an ornament this lightning with

Cold is, and what a luftre it gives to fair coloured Drapery, as,

low" ^^* ^°' ^f^^fo^-'^f^'^'^i ^^.^•> i^^'h and ilevf : And if you mit geld with

' the very ground it fclf , you will find the apparcll much

fairer.

And in the fame manner, you are to work the Building and ArchiteBure^ cfpecially in rich ftatcly Edifices 5 And fo far was hyAtttitJin- Albert Durar in love with this manner of working, that I ™' have fecn the very dirty earthy the dc«d ftocks of rotten trees

and flakes of hedges^ in Landskips, ail lightned with this man- ner of working in gold, which ihcw very picalant, and affc€t the eye exceedingly.

Other remarkable obfcrvations there arc, which you {ball better mafter by your own pradifc , than my relation : And yet thofc that follow will not be amifle.

Ob-

of Limning. jj

Obfervations in Limmng.

WHcn you begin to work , temper the Colours in a \hell obfcrratiw with your finger, dipt in wster , a little before you be- in Limniot. gin i if your colour will not takcjor your parchment hegreajie, temper with the colour a little ear-wax j as little as may be i it ' is good to mix with thofe colours that do ^«/ from your work, as hath been before noted.

Sit not above tm yards at the moft ( for the face ) from the "^^^ Sitting, pcrfon, whofe/>/3»rf youtakcj and/ix;i4r^y diftancc for the whole hedy , ItvcU with them j unlefle they arc tall , then fomewhat above them , for fo they appear to moft men, who are not fo tall. Mark when he removes , though never fo lit- tle, from his firft^<«f/o« or placing-, recall him to the former [nting , for a little change of thc)/ff of the body or face , cau- feth crrour in the work. Drawnot any partof the/^ff, in /?o»-jf or />/S«^f, exactly, orperfeftly at thefirft, neither fini(h the eyey mouth, or tiofe 5 but let all the work be made and con- eluded together.

All the art and judgment is in the touch of Proportion , and Propartion, the exai^ dravnng 5 yet, neatneffe of work , and curioficy in beautifuU colours , do indeed many times grace the PiBure in fuch manner , that the defedls oidravting are not eafily dif co- vered, but unto very judicious obfcrvers.

Never change ^o\xx light , ifyoucanpoflible, but rather r; . finilh the work by the^/-/< light : And therefore not many ex- '^ ^ cellent-(4m^5 in this kind, will work abroad from their own light. A difhonour t<f traHfpcrt his Eafel^ Pallat, CollourSj Md Pen- fills frcm home.

W hen you have finifhed the face , and are to draw the fo- j,„j poft^j^ fture , let the PerfoK rife and ftand , when you draw the lines ofpejlurey and noi fit by any means : for though never fo true fitting , yet you will find your fell deceived in the draught , which will lo(e the ^race andfprightfulnt^'e , and will be re- warded with a dull and liveleflc afpeft.

OfPafiillsy or Croyoftf.

THe Paftfll for Crojon , or dry colour :take three ounces of Paftiiis for Lint- feed oyUy fix ounces of yellow (Vax , two ounces of ^foyons. white Maftick, four ounces oiColophoma , four ounces of Roftn- ^°™^''«''^«"* Depino Greafeo, one oMncc of Turpentine : Melt all thefe toge- ther in a fair earthen pot or pan, welUcaded 5 put not all in together , but one quantity after another , as they melt 5 cut the jfaxe in pieces,it will melt thefooncr; (lamp the Rofin, and

X Ca-

1^-

The Exceiientdjfrt

CaliphomaHh\s done, let it be luke-warme, in any wifenot

hot-Diingletherewitb(asbtft:yoUBjay with your hand) the

Ltfis LdCHii, Lapis Locult , ground and work it up in a lumpcand fo let

t'?"^j!5-'v'' itreftadayor two, then takeafaire earthen pan or a dry

trarStin?; " fmooth /<;»)<>* ala4ol\ fijll of water,fo warme^as you may Well

indureyourhandinic. Then take the maffy Lumpe and

work It bctweeri your hands, folong as you can fee it fweate

out a deer water of a btetv Colour, and the longer it is before

the drops come forth the belter. When the water is well

bUnfca^et it zwzy, and take another B4/o« or /"^^si of clean

if4f<rrandworke it as before) then take another Panne, a

fourthiand zfift jtill no more drops will fweat out, letting

the ground remain and dry throughly : then with a feather

wipe it off the panne,upon a paper^and fo put it upjthe firft

' blew that fwcateth iS belt,and lo the reft in degrees. You may

put the vvorfer fort into the like new P^j/f/// again, and work

it over as before. It will be the fairer but lefs in quantity.

There are other wiytfs pretended.

NotealfO} that the P^^/// can never ferve but once:and afterwards, to make Lincks, and Torches. You may get fome of the broken pieces of Lapif Locuti of the Marchants of ^tEpfO,xhe deepeft colour the beft.

To »(fr\m Crcyons or F^ftills,

T obferVe three manner of wayes.

^ Thtfitft a nd weUr/, is that ofMor.fieur de Moujle/s of Parif, whofe cuftome is to rub-in feveral Colours, f being firft re- duced into powder, and let in feverall fmall boxes, ) upon the paper,which commonly is the vyhiteft ; and ihi* he doth with fererall ftobbed Pe/.fils, the ends fitted with Cotton or BumUjie. His work is reafonable ncate, but not lafting, thtte being nothing to bind-on the Colours, wliich commonly fall off, a nd the work loft or detedive.

The/t co?7ci is with Pafiills the length of a finger or thcrea- bout,compofed of feverall Coh'-irSy mixt and ground toge- ther, ofagood confiftence and ftiffneffe, and fo rouled up and laid to dry. They have ufed to make them up with Milk-,Beer^ov Ale^ox new Wor^ j others with old rotten j[f^d",to bind the Colours together.

The laft and beft C as I conceive) is to Colour the paper, whereon you intend to draw the PiUare, witi) Carnation or fie]h Colour, ncer the Perfon's Complexion you mean to draw. Cover the whole paper (for (brae complexion ) with Cei."fe^Mene^a.t\d a little r<'//<'»-0't/v/jground with Gum ; When you prepare one paper, do lb with many other papers

to

i.WithPow- dcrs.

1. Paftills.

3 . Colour'd paptr.

of Limning* yn

tafave labour, and thofe with diffcrcat fo»J/'/<r>ao«j, untili you have ufc of them.

Lay the Complexio/t with a fpofige wet, but let it be Co boundjasitmaynotcomeofFwithrubbiDg3thisdone& dry, draw your outward lines with red-Oulke faintly .Then with your fevcral Pa^ilh rubbe in the Co/o«n-j8?,with your fingers- end, fweeten and mixc them together, driving them, one within anotherjafccr the manner of the Oyl-P at /iters ; and be- caufe you cannot Qiarpen your Pa^tlU as (hail be needful, you muft remember to clofe up all the worke with Red- Chalke and ^/ii^/tG)b;j//^(f,which(with your Pcn-kmife) {harpen at your plcafure.

I have fcen a book o£PiBures in this laft manner of Cray- Croyons of c«,done by the hand of that incomparable Ata(k Hans i/^/. «»/*«, « rare &«,who was fervant in Ordinary to KING Henry the Eighth . ^°^' They were Paintings of the moft ENg LIS H LO RD S, and LADIES then living j and the patternes whereby he drew their Pidures in Oyle. Many of tbofe P<Wfj in the book were fpoyled by the injury of time and the ignorance offuchashaditin cuftody. Yet there appear'd in thole ruines and remaines, an admirable hand, and a rare man- ner of working in few /<««, with much diligence and labour in expreffing the Ltftf and L/(&^«f/Je, Many of them equal- ling his own oy-PA^N>^5, andalwayes excelling any other Artizan. After a long time of Peregrination, this Book fell into the hands of the late EarU oi Arundell, Earle Mar- fhalloiENG LAND,ia eminent Patron to all PAINTEaS, and who underftood the A 7(jr 5 and therefore preferved this BOOK with his L//>,till both were loft together.

The Ordinary working in Cro>o« is upon blew-paperi the Ordinary Colour rubbed-in, firft with the Pe^fjUl-^and afterwards, ei. working in ther with a ftubbe-PfA!/;// with your finger, or with a little ^'^°>'°"* piece of paper,or with a fponge,or othcrwife.

You may alfo work in Croyon upon Parchment exceeding acat and curious in that manner, as thefe fmall Pieces to the Life done^upon J^elome^ Tarchment, arid white Paper alfo, by the admirable Artift and graver in Brafs^Uenricui Jejfim at Harlem in Holland, The faces no bigger t^an a Jacuhia in Gold coine. His Pafiills of the Chape and bignefs of a tack- poynt, but longer: they might compare with i^^ww^g and fcemed fojto the fuddain view-They were rubbed-in, with fmall Gotten- penfiUsjand were finiftied with ftiarp poynted Red-chalkezud Black- chalk.

The true way of making the Pafiilly is the fecrec of the Arts^ad Co you may remember that I fa id, fome make them of Ale- wort and fuch tra(h, to tell you the difference not to

teach

8o The Excellent (LArt

teach you thofe wayes . for either they bind fo hard, that' they will not mark nor fcore at all, or elfe fo loofe and brit- tlCjthat you cannot bring them to BneneiTe.

For umpiring fo many PaUilisfor change of Colours'

in the Face.

1 Shall onely direft you in one COLOUR^ for example of all the other.

Brwn Com- Fota BrOB>» ComplcxioQ.

pkxion. Grind upon the ftone , C^rttfe^ Red-leade(ot y'ermtllion^iox

this is a more ufeful colour in this kind of work then in Lim- ning) Engliflj Oaker and a little P/«^fj you need not j^r/W them very fine but onely to bruife and mixe them well to- gether. To thefe,adde a reafonable quantity of Platter of Paris burnt and finely fiftedjcnixeand incorporate this, with the other Coloursjthick and ftifF, like moyft clay j then take it off the ftone, and roalc it betwixt the palmes of your hand,as long,or as little as you lift 5 then lay it to dry,in the Sun or ^indihnt not by the Five.

puifter of In ihis manner, and with mixture ofP/4;j?<'r ofPrfW, tcm-

ftiis. per all the other (hadowt, and Colours whatfoever ; the

quality ofthisf/of/ffr of P/jr«', is to binde the Colours toge- ther, and to make them durable, which otherwife would be loofe and brittle. With your V en-knife fcrape them be- ing dry,to a fine poynt,fo (harpe, that you may with it draw a haires breadth, and this Plainer makes the Colour fo hard and drye, that you may draw lines upon Parchment 05 paper.

For Crimfon, The Gfllour Crimfo/i IS moft difficult to workei It is made of ^<>'^''j which of it fe!f is light and hard : therefore inftead of that,ufe India Lake or Ru£et, obferving alwayes lo mixe white Cerufe with all the other Colours, or ihadows, whatfo- ever.

And when you are to mixe a Colour that is hard to worke as this CrinifoNj (which commonly you fhall find brittle and hard jthen temper it with another Co/o«r, neer the fame in Colour ^hm more fofc and gentle.

Asifyou mixealittlerfryw/V/ro/; withagood quantity of Lake^it will takcjUOC much from the Colour^^nd make it work very well.

In this manner you may make all manner of beautifull

Greens, Creeps for Landfkips and allother Colours requifiie for T{och^

And yyattrs^SHjes^znd tempering the Greeks with white Pif^d; Bife,

M-iflifoate, Smalc^ Indicoy and to make chcm iiigh, deep , or

louTs" ^° light, as you pleafe; remembring where you arero temper faft and firm colours, as Hmier^ Oke, Indieo, take the lefs fUi-

per

of Limning, Si

iter of Pdris. But where your colours are loofc and fandy ,

they bind the ftrongcr and faftcr , by adding more

plaijitr.

And when your foloi$rs are dry , before you begin your

work, (harpen them with apen-k/itfe j according to the large

or little proportion of your defigne.

Having ground the jpfcrVc-ZM^toafulificient fincneflc, put ^ytg.L5^,

it together with the water with the which you ground it ,

(being fweet water diftilied)into a5/7i</r or Chit^a-difhywhcrc- m hath been diffolvcd a good quantity of Gum-Arabtck , and ftrained." The water becoming clear,and the colour become let- led ; poure the water away, and let it dry inihe di^es^ and fo receive it to your ufc. The fecorni wafhing will fcrve well to work withall , and temper and mix with the {hadowts. The third and laft is good for heightnings , lights^ and high touches 3 and ftrongre{ie8forjs. But the^y/fandcoorfeft in the bottom, rcferveain thc)?r^dirh, muft be ground again, and tempered with gum-wAitr > and is very good for laying grounds, and carnations , and complexions for PiBure by the ifff. ,

It is good to mix 5/>ii«//]b«*/r^ with your »/;;V^-/f4</, for if To counter- will bind it together J and it is good to be heightned upon.^-hke. If you have no Spanifh white , make this mixture : Take two parts qf ordinary (halle, and one fart of Allomi^ grind thefe together to a goodfinene[jei which being made up to a lump, burn it in the (ire^ and referve it for ufe. And ^ much for the work, by Croyensj or Pafiills.

•i 1

OfFrefcoe. ' F«rcoe.

THc way of Painting upon walls, to endure weather, the Painting up- Colours muft be ground with Ume-vpater^ or milk^ or whey, *" Walls, tempered and mix'd in pots, as in 5/,6f.colouring. Take the powder of old rubbifh Hones ^ mixed with well-burnt ///«t- ftones, (or lime) and watery wafli out the faltnefle of the liwej by often pouring out the water , and put in frcfh , the oftner the better, which makes the plaifter ot compofi : Avoid moift weather,which hath influence upon the walls. ^ To do the work lafting, ftrike into the brick ox ^l one -wall, ftumps of hcad- natls , about/;x inches aflundcr, which will keep the plaifter firm from peeling.)

Then with this for,;^o/? , plaifter the w<j// a good thicknefle , letting it dry J and your colours prepared ready and mingled j piaiftcr again over the formcrj the thickneffe of hal^ a crown of jilver, very fine and thin , fojnuch as you intend prefencly to work upon , whilft it is wet: Work your colours therein ,

Y which

St IheExceUentArt

which will co-operate and corroborate into the plaifier , and fo dry together as a ptrtc^ compo^.

Work your paihting quick with a free hand, for there can- not be any alteration after the /oji paintings and therefore make your faihtwg high enough ac the firft: You may dee fen ^ but not eafily fcfi^k^». i.joiuov , . ,

wkhottt any Avoid Mineral colours j Earth colours are beft, as all Oker j, kiirs"*^ *^°" Brovfn of SpAtn^ Terre-%ert, Spanifh-vhite, and fuch like. whTtBruQies Your £r«/fc« and ?*«////$ rauft be long and foft 5 otherwife they will rake the work, and raife ihepamt/ig. Your Colours muft be full J and flowing from the Brufb ; your Defigne, per- fcd in the Image, otpaper'cop) i for in this work, you cannot alter or add upon any colour,

to r»ah$ excellent pun White-Lead,

White-Lead, "pNUt into a gallon pot certain plaits of clean fine /(C4*/, co- y ver them with vhite-mne^tnegar , glewing the pot with clean Lome; bury it in a Cellar a months Ipace, or fix weeks , then you fhali find very good white-lead vpon thcplateSi which take oft tor ufe.

E

To fftaJ{e fcverall Colows*

>Reak the beft VerAigreece into fine powder in a mortar^ then

)l)aving laid the ground with liquid [il%er and burnillit

Emrauld. temper the Verdi greece with Varm\h^ it makes an Emerauld-^ as

Ruby. * alfo with Florence-Lake, it makes a fair Ruhy ; and with ultra-

saphirc. Oiiariae , it makes a 5tf;)kV<f. Let it reft a while upon your

hand , that the varnifh thereof may diflblve thcftt^e. Make

it iittkj ccven, and iino«th upon the C4r</,and it will dry in a

day.

A CrimfoH'Vehet,

iiiutj'i •-ulo^d Crimfon-vel- ^Tp Akc lfidi(o-Lake, well ground, and ftrongly bound Wfth .|_ ^am, and alialc rfhite-Sugar-CAndj. Temper thclc with a little Tarhfoit, then lay it full 5 and when it is wet , with « dry Fer/jiil , wipe away the colour j where you will have the heightningof the Crim[on--uehet appear, and the ftrong re- flexions will this way cxprclfe it.

;• Ex'

vec

OfLimmng, S^

Excellent Receipts fram Mr. Hilliard , that old

fanioui Englifh Limner.

PEavI muft be laid with a white , mixed with a little l>laci: , Pearl, and a VmlelnJisl^UwMaliicff ^ butyeta very little , in comparifon oftheiwiMt^, not the hundred parti which beifjg dry, give the light of the Pearl \Nith plvery foroewhat more ^q the /;^^f fide, than to the /fcdfiWtfw. Then take «7fc<t< allayed with Maflfci^^ and underneath the P^adow-Cide, give it acom- pafling ftroak, which flicwes the reflection j then without that,a fmall fhadow oifea-cosl^ UBdcrmoft of all. But note , that the filver muft be laid round and. full.

Note, that all Stoncj, (befides the Viamond) muft b? gl^*ed Nw." upon //wr3 with their proper colours, with a Tjarnijb.

An excellent Blsck^

THe beft Bhck is ^/4fi^-/t'cr^,burnt in a Cruciild weU ftopj Black, withaty/e-lhard, or />o/i -plate, and /«t<r^, that the aire enter not ; Mix therefore the luting with a littIe/4/f , heat it red hot a jadrt^r of an hour , then being fet by, let it cgpl of , it felf, the pot ftill clofe; then open it, grind it with Qm-water, onely warn it in this manner from the Cum •, pouring water into it by little and little, in fome deep glaiTe, ftirring it with a feather j and when it is as thin , or thinner thzn iKck^, let it fettle an afternoon i then poure it from the uppermoft of the matter, which is but the fcum and foulne[fe,(good to put into Jnck) the reft being very dry , take it out of the glaife and keep it in ^er or koxei for ufe. But you muft foft grinde i% again , or temper it again upon the iione with water , adding Gum beaten fine, into it, with difcretion , for by ule, you will find the fault ; if too little, it worketh ill, and dries too faft ; if too much, it will be bright, aodghUcr like «j(./-colour , which by any means avoid.

The jvveperfeSlCahurfyTa^itb their Lights '

andShttddgwei,

THc beft tor Litantnj^y is a Lake ot u felf, of a Afurrjy co- Murray, or lour', which is beft made, and to be had at Venice, or in Amechyft. RlandersAtJntwerpi for if you make (hift with other LaJee , adding ^/rw, to make it Murray, it can never be good. The foj-- mer LaJce is to be ground wkhCum-Jrabick water onely , al- though when it is once dry in the (hcl,it is hardly reduced in- to a condition to work well again. Then grinde more and frefti. " i.%edy

84

The Excellent ^n

.:> \\.Wi

i2, Kedy orKuhy,

i.Pair Redjor T F you will make a [ait Red (or Limmnff , take India-Lake^ Rui^. J[(\vicn breaks of a Scarlet, oi S/ammeU-colour ) there arc

fundry Lakes, which will fhadcjp? one upon another, and (omc fo Hack , that they muft be grfeund'geperally with Sugar-can- dy, amongft the Cum, and others with Su^ar oncly. You can- not ^m.</ them too much, nor need they vfa%thg. Vermilion alfo is another %ed, which muft be^roa»</and wapj'd,

3 . BleWy or Saphire ,

3. Blew, or ^" | ^He darkeft and richcft is oi Ultra Marine of Venice ; but Saphire. J^ jj^^j j^ yej.y jear , in the place thereof wc ufe Smalt, of

the beft Blew 5 Bifes alfo of feverall forts, paler then other of five or fix degrees. They may ht ground* but better to be bea- ten in a Morter o^ flint , likc^ww?/, very fmooth , witha Pf- ftill likewife o{ flint, or ^gg^t, well ftirred, till it be fine, with ^urn-water onely, and well wafh'd. So have you many iorts , and all good jfhaddowing Blewes, or Litmus, Indico hlen>, Flory, Thefc need no wafhing:) nor Litmus any grinding, bmfteepedin the Ices oi Soap-afhes. Ufc 6um with dilcrction, as aforcfaid.

4. Greertj or EmrauU.

4. Green, or A^^<?f« j thcbcftis Cedar-green , in the place thereof, take Etnrauid.' \jTripall,io draw \yith: pi/jk is alfo needfull for Landsktps ,

mixed .with Blft-af}jes, makes another Green; fo likewife with Afafiicote undCerufe^ as you feecaufe. ¥ur Itoht-^reens .^fap- gree/iS,flour de Bife, tauny-green , needs nothing but ftecpcd in ^water^ which is beft.

>^*TCeUow^ortopaS'

5. Yellow, or "XTEllow the beft is Mafticote , whereof there are divers Topai. • j[ forts, paler or deeper -, yellow Oker, for want of better, is

another alfoj and thele wafh'd, not ground, do beft ; and muft have a little Sugar amongft the Oum, in tempering them. Sha- dowing Tellowes are of the//oA)f , found in an Ox-^all, ground with Gum-nater, not ppafhed. And ye ll«a>Oker, made witn rvhite Rofes , bruifed with a little j4llom , and ftrained s, neither of them needs grinding, nor wajhing^ nor Gun?. You may make fhift with fair Oker de roufe, and Saffron water. Shadow your Maflicote with yelloo' O^frjdeepen it with Oker de roufe. And fo have we done with the £\cperfeB Colours.

Of Limning. 85

r**^-^

An excellent Receipt to mal^e Vltra-MSrine.

TAkc the broken pieces of ^rf/»/>" Lazarilli , the deeper To make ;il- lletv^ or between //4f/' and Ifleir, with as little grains ot "^■^^^' '""^• ^o/</ upon them as may be; put it into a Goldfmith's melting- pot , covering it with aiioijheardi heat it hot about an hour , upon a fire ot ffc<t/-f</i/;i ■ the^-qucnch it with urine^'virieq^ar^ or Tcater , iw fomc pot, wcll lca4cds..dry it in a firc-fhozell upon coals , the moil\ure quitc.dry 5. : '^_tl^<?n lay it upo^^abkj and withpinfers , nipottthc hardparcf<;Qq3 u^ being ^ray and whitijb; Thcnboyl two fpoonf'ullsofHo/ifj in a pot ot clean water^ and take the Lapis Lazarill/^ and grind it out with this ir4;<'/,asfincasmay bcjandfoletitdry lorulc. ,

io mah^ a Varnifh,

TAkc a pound and iialf of oylc j^fpeck^ the beft; five oun^ Xo make a ces of -^y^^f itj as many oiSandrcfe: putthefe together Varnifti.. ina^lafje, boylingthcrn in a pottle of water, and puttinga cloth in the bottom •, ftir it otten for three hours , the longer the better; and after it is cool , let it ftand in the Scum for ten daies.

Aft excellent Water j for the preferring white-Colours, and recovering then/y being dead or fiarved j

a/td generally for all Colours.

' Ake Kofemarj-vpater diftilled, and with a few drops there- ^n excdknc of temper a (bell o{fVhite, fo itarved or dead , and it fliall Water. inftantly become perfed , for a truth, try one half of the co- lour, and fee the difference. It hath alfo this quality of good- neffcj that whereas all fo/o«rj ( efpccially ^r/?/Vf j and ^w^f/- ) in the grinding and tempering , arife in bubbles , very trou>. blefomc to an Jriifl , a little of this water clcnfeth the colour , and difpcrfeth the bubbles 5 and being tempered with your colour inthefhellj makes it flow, and to work exceeding {harp.

The

86 The Excellent (LArt

A Landikip.

7he draught of a Landslip Mathematicall ; tbcy that

have leafure and ckfire thereto^ may make ex^enmem,

SEt up a little black Tent in a field , made eafic, portable , and convertible, as a ffmd-mill , to all quarters at pleafure , capable of no more then one man with litUe cafe,cxadly dole and dark, fave at one hole^ an inch and ha.\i diameter j to which, apply a long profpeftive trnncky with a convex olafje , fitted to the faid hole ■> and the concave taken out at the other end, which cxtendeth unto (about; the middle of this ere(aed tent-:, through which, the vifible radiations of all thtobjeBs without, are intermitted , falling upon a paper which is ac- commodated to receive them , and fo trace them with your pen'xn their naturall appearance, turning this your little Tent round by degrees , till you have defign'd the whole afpeB of the flace.

There is good ule hereof in C^orography^ but to make Land- skips hereby, were too illiberall. Surely no Tainter could ex- ceed the precifencffe of thefe.

To piakscleanafonlf or oldFidLurc^inOyU,

MAke clean the PiSlure with a fpunge,dipt in warm beer, and then let it dry ^ aiid afterwards wa(h it over with the liquor of the whiteft Gum-dragon , fteeped or dilfol ved in water, which will fct a glare or frcfbnefle upon the -TiBure. If you ufe blew flarchi or glare ot eggSt or other fuch trafh, as is very common j it will take off the hsightning, and fpoil the grace of the work.

Light, bad for the eyes,

Lighr, bad y £j ^q^ ^\^q ^jj-g bc (qo lightfomc i exceffivc light fcatters for the eyes, j^^j^^ \^[nis, and caulcth thcpqhi to be loft. Xenephoas faul-

diers pAJfino a long time in the [now., became almji blind.

Dinr.yfius the Tyrant , (hut up his prifoners in dark holes ,

and fodainly bringing them to fun-jhine took away their

(i^ht.

Some colours arc not profitable for the/<j?fct , which diffu- Tnd bK feth the fpirits , drawing them to it ; Black makes them too 'ighc. groffe; Not any «/o«r does much comfort the ^cj, but Green,

Blew, riolct, Saphir, and Bmerauld.

Flowers

To dean old

Piftures.

of Limning.

S'

Flowers of Barrage , and leaves o[ Burnet, puc into French- vine , the colours comfort the eyes , the property of the Herh reprcflc the vapour oftheff/cf 5 and this ff'/»<r is moft due to be drunk by an excellent Painter; in which, other pcrfons may have leave to lafte oncly, unlcffc to drink his health, unto

A

The END.

^

GETTY CENTER LIBRARY

■to