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DEPARTMENT ©OF AGRICULTURE >.7 DIVISION OF BOTANY. iE wrigets Hl TIN No. 12. GRASSES OF THE SOUTHWEST. PLATES AND DESCRIPTIONS OF THE | GRASSES OF THE DESERT REGION OF WESTERN TEXAS, NEW MEXICO, ARIZONA, AND SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA, Part I. By Dr. GEO. VASEY, BOTANIST, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. ISSUED OCTOBER 13, 1890. PUBLISHED BY AUTHORITY OF THE SEORETARY OF AGRIOULTURE, WASHINGTON: GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, 1890. fe SoEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. DIVISION OF BOTANY. PS ee eee HIN: INP on tO. GRASSES OF THE SOUTHWEST. PLATES AND DESCRIPTIONS OF THE GRASSES OF THE DESERT REGION OF WESTERN TEXAS, NEW MEXICO, ARIZONA, AND SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA. Partkor By Dr. GEO. VASEY, . BOTANIST, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. ISSUED OCTOBER 13, 1890. PUBLISHED BY AUTHORITY OF THE SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE. WASHINGTON: GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1890. NOTE.. This Bulletin is to constitute the first half of the first volume of a work entitled ‘‘ Illustrations of North American Grasses.” The work when completed will consist of two volumes, the first entitled ‘‘Grasses of the Southwest,” the second, ‘‘Grasses of the Pacific Slope.” Proper title-pages and indexes will be published with the last part of each volume. 2 LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL. WASHINGTON, June 5, 1890. Sir: Ihave the honor of presenting for publication the manuscript of a Bulletin on the Grasses of the Southwest. Respectfully, - z EORGE VASEY, Botanist. Hon. J. M. Rusk, Secretary of Agriculture, ENO DU Cay rON: The region of country immediately adjoining the northern boundary of Mexico, including the western part of Texas, and the greater part of New Mexico, Arizona, and southern California, is one of remarkable heat and aridity. It is mainly a region of elevated plains, called mesas, intersected by mountain ranges which occa- sionally run into high peaks, and is drained by comparatively few streams, which, on account of the limited rain-fall, cease to flow during a good part of the year, or convey only the waters obtained from distant portions of the country. Most of the region lies north of the thirty-second parallel of latitude, and in the western part reaches into Utah and Nevada. It is with great propriety called the desert belt. The country northward, and east of the Rocky Mountains, as far as the one hundredth meridian, is an elevated arid plain, but with more abundant grasses, although rarely forming a continuous and connected sod. Inthe desert belt, however, the grasses become scanty, not in variety of species, but in distribution, some of them being short-lived, springing up suddenly after the summer rains and rapidly maturing ; others perennial, growing in bunches, and having deeply penetrating roots which enable them to endure the long droughts of the country. Nowhere do the native grasses form a continuous sod, but grow in scattered bunches in connection with the low bushes which prevail on the mesas or among the chaparral. The country embraced in this desert belt is an extension northward of the great plateau of northern Mexico, as is shown in the similar character of its vege- tation. The grasses are largely the same, or of the same genera. But the grasses, like the rest of the vegetation, are peculiar to the region. Here one never sees the common grasses of the Eastern States. The vegetation is as different from that of the Eastern States as is that of the northern portion of the Sahara. Hence arises the utility of bringing to the notice of the public, and especially of the residents of this region, the information contained in this work. It is not a manual or description of all the grasses of the region, but it furnishes illustrations and de- scriptions of some of the more interesting and some of the commoner grasses of the country. Many of them were observed and specimens collected by the naturalists of the Mexican Boundary Survey, and by those of the Pacific Railroad Survey, but few or none of these have heretofore been illustrated or fully described. True, the descriptions here given are mostly in technical language, but accompanied by the illustrations they afford the best possible means of recognition. Probably the most important agricultural question before the people of this region is how to increase the production of grasses and forage plants on the arid lands. It is the opinion of many that this can be done by bringing under cultivation some of the native species. Experiments are about to be undertaken in this direction by the Agricultural Ex- periment Stations and by individuals. The first step in such an enterprise is a knowledge of or an acquaintance with the native species. Nothing can be better adapted to this object than the work here undertaken, and in this way the knowl- edge of the scientist can be made helpful to the practical economist. In this first part of the work fifty plates of grasses are given. A second part of an equal num- ber of plates is now in preparation, after which it is proposed to publish an analyti- cal synopsis of all the grasses of the desert region. The drawings of the grasses have been made chiefly by Mr. William R. Scholl, and in the description of the species I wish to acknowledge important aid from Mr. Frederick V. 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GO eI Es Gob En AAD NEE es ae ie cere et hae ne rach y por Ong pOly MOL pL Use. perme oN yates is ia(s eee aac re oie alee eercietere els s witli WAY Raterape SEA OS BEACCINOGUS erie et eR ee ee Nemes otic eden oA apie ora lo ots aus ici svnieloiete vio b a siels oid een weirs f ‘ | ee Ps ee j ’ ¥ AJ Pe Tee - ta : mY fi . 3 Mi i + { : i edt ay IAL vga heey ie \ caiy A ene ( i 1) Nene ey ian GRASSES OF THE SOUTHW EST. 1a lay db ae No. 1. ERIOCHLOA SERICEA Munro. Roots long, unbranched, but giving off a few fibrille. Culms tufted, simple, 4 to 3 feet high, stiffly erect, slender, striate, short- villous at the nodes and sparingly minutely hairy where not sheathed. Radical leaves numerous, 6 to 12 inches long, erect, flat or involute, striate, minutely pubescent or glabrous, 3 to 1 lne broad, the sheaths free. Cauline leaves 3 or 4; sheaths contiguous or nearly so, striate, minutely pubescent or gla- brous, villous at the apex; ligule a row of dense straight hairs; blades like those of the root-leaves, spreading, 3 to 9 inches long, uppermost often shorter. Inflorescence a racemose compound spike, the peduncle usually exserted from the uppermost sheath; axis minutely pubescent; spikes 4 to 7, sessile or the lower short-peduncled, erect, contiguous, or nearly so, ¢ to 14 inches long. Spikelets elliptical-oblong, acute, depressed, 14 to 2 lines long, imbricated (one- half their length) in 2 rows along the outer side of the flat rachis of the spike, each sessile on an annular swelling of the apex of a short, long-villous pedicel (about as broad as long), hairs equaling the spikelet. Glumes 3; outer 2 equal, membranaceous, inclosing the rest of the spikelet, ovate, oblong, acute, 5-nerved, villous without; flowering glume glabrous, thick- ened-coriaceous, minutely rugose, elliptical-oblong and acute, rounded on the back. Flower single, hermaphrodite. Palet similar in texture to the flowering glume, 2-nerved, flat on the back. Stamens 3, the anthers two-thirds as long as the palet. Stigmas 2, fimbriate, purple, nearly one-half the length of the palet, on slender styles. PLATE I; a, spikelet opened so as to show the glumes, palet, pistil, and sta- mens. In the figure the flowering glume is too much narrowed toward the apex, the palet is not represented as flat on the back, and the stigmas and anthers are too short. This species seems to be principally confined to western Texas and New Mex- ico, extending northward into the Indian Territory. It affords a considerable quamtity of foliage, is perennial, and should be tried with reference to its agri- cultural value. IP ICUANID AD) IE 4#-Hoen & Co. Lith. Baltimore. ERIOCHLOA SERICEA, Munro. i Pica a wAegn oe val Saleh piace i mie fe ont pA, Any, te} a ert way aa: : ; pee Mathis rm i nea hc ft fc) bia ay ae IN@, 2 PANICUM BULBOSUM H.B. K. Rootstock creeping, slightly branching, the yearly growth short (commonly % inch), base of the culm becoming enlarged into a corm % to # inch long, or some- times nearly wanting. Roots simple, strong. Culms erect, single or few together in a loose clump, slender or stout (some- times } inch thick), simple, glabrous, glaucous at the nodes. Leaves with striate blades 1 to 4 lines broad. Radical few, commonly 1 to 2 feet long; sheath elongated, loose, glabrous or the margins sometimes ciliate; blade glabrous or very sparingly hirsute at the base, slender-acuminate at the apex; ligule short, fimbriate. Sheaths of the stem 2 to 4, not contiguous, sheathing, . glabrous; blades as in the radical leaves. Inflorescence an exsert-pedunculate, usually open panicle 9 to 20 inches long; main ‘axis glabrous or occasionally scabrous, pubescent at the forks; spikelets borne singly on short, scabrous pedicels, or sometimes sessile. Spikelets 1 to 2 lines long, nearly terete, elliptical-lanceolate to oblong, bluntly acute. Glumes 4, glabrous, membranaceous, purple or pale green; 2 lower empty; first broadly ovate, acute, 3- to 7-nerved, frequently unsymmetrically, one-third to one-half the length of the spikelet; second as long as the spikelet, oblong, bluntly ~ acute, 5- to 7-nerved. Flowers 2. Lower staminate; glume like the second empty glume; palet hyaline, thin-membranaceous, 2-nerved. Upper flower hermaphrodite; glume coriaceous, minutely corrugated, obsoletely few-nerved, acute; palet 2-nerved, similar in text- ure to the glume; stamens 3; styles long. ’ PLATE II; a, three spikelets enlarged; U, spikelet opened to show the parts; c, portion of the base of the culm, and the corm of the preceding year. On the left, in b, in order from below, are the lower empty glume, first flowering glume, and palet of the staminate flower, on the right the second empty glume, the second flowering glume, and to the left of the stamens and pistil the palet of the fertile flower. This grass should be one of great agricultural value. Its bulbous rootstocks contain a store of moisture which enables it to endure a protracted drought, and as it grows of large size it would produce a great amount of fodder. TEN VNAG IS) IDE PANICUM BULBOSUM, H. B. K. on & Co. Lith. Baltimore. ate By pasa fh sei Aine 5 a sae ‘ i pn pili) tis ik PP | Serghl ea maha hes ke Mihsitect (ry its. Aah WR tte eae Sati piety. saith gtr SiG ue ae F aN) ontaart rh ks “rahe ia At z Ned Sie Tas I ay me Hie ‘ flay pa ath a", tp wedi! ve aNe pital a aE hy Pad. aM GA abies liars tat 397; Fray - eit ibe my ‘aN cued * Re ne bag ae Here tae a ~ ‘oud ny Rasen ik ei: ei R Mian. em skins) ge Asheabe saProdtaec" temps aah hey: PidhurAee ag j aw Titoli) 8 deitny ty, pyar’ ann ' 2, are 6 deaNity oid ih iy My ve 4 yn" oF Amy why! sig hep Le (nail a oma A diet 8, i hh tp a re he 3 P xf : ef vi * pear Hele i rs ih i Boa ! at ys iliMang SAN tdi Ve wyantt a) Minh) Dia Bea, HIN Dg aati Ve eats hae baths! Te egy heey oy | Ps CR UaTRATT oh fat & ; “ ae ? paves hte i une No. 3. PANICUM CILIATISSIMUM Buckley. Rootstock and roots slender. Culms varying from erect at the ends of the rootstock to procumbent and even creeping, glabrous, except a ring of reflexed hairs at the nodes; erect stems from a few inches to 2 feet high, commonly with short sterile branches, slender, the inter- nodes sometimes 3 inches long; creeping stems long, thicker, profusely branching, with shorter internodes, rooting at the nodes. Leaves with long-ciliate, usually sparingly hirsute sheaths, and flat, smooth, or sometimes slightly hirsute blades tapering from base to apex. Sheaths of the erect stems frequently distant, those of the creeping stems shorter but mostly con- tiguous. Blades of the creeping stems seldom exceeding 14 inches, those of the erect plants usually longer. Inflorescence a small narrow panicle 23 inches long or reduced to a few spike- lets, terminating the culm, exsert-stipitate in the erect plant (in creeping plants terminating short axillary branches as well, and partly sheathed, all intermediate stages being found), bearing the spikelets terminal or laterally sessile on the flat minutely pubescent branches of the panicle. Spikelets 14 to 2 lines long, oblong, acuminate, slightly obcompressed. Glumes 4; 3 lower membranaceous; first lanceolate, acuminate, glabrous, 3- to 5-nerved, nearly as long as the spikelet; second ovate, short-acuminate, pubescent, sometimes minutely villous-ciliate near the margins, many (about 11-)-nerved; third similar to the last, but glabrous down the middle, most of the nerves of that area obsolete; fourth (flowering) glume coriaceous, indistinctly few-nerved, minutely corrugated, bluntly acute. Flowers 2. Lower reduced toa hyaline, 2-nerved, oblong palet subtended by the third glume; or sometimes with 3 stamens. Upper hermaphrodite; palet of the same texture as its glume, indistinctly 2-nerved; glume closely embracing the grain; stamens 3. PLATE III; 1, erect stem; 2, creeping stem; a spikelet opened to show the parts. JEON IY 1 IHBE A.Hoen & Co. Lith. Baltimore. PANICUM CILIATISSIMUM, Buckley Laelre r a taal dred , an) Mh aN pte sla Pott ay oat i be iycaht i, Nie way aa 7 Rakin ty pres Hist ie: Br A MYC 3 hap 45 dt Bet Vina betes 3 Feget kn ae wi ac ot \ BS 5 ane ah | ‘o ft aa es bad vatarn iy ws oh 4 AS x in ow raat . ahhdia i eA ay oe cue ne : ae prin ia hi eri hd el ni ic SNe A yi aft vrs teeth ys au ty. .. ae ns i kes Fase 4 is et 3 “Pegi aa a ae msi eaaran ‘ q t : ri ‘ie r os is 3} r i‘ so : ! ‘ é wes ; i ‘ i ie sah le aalhe PR LR se j coves UN ae pen it) a Pete Nc reniAs 4 i iho AIG rU dea | A erdashy MeL Poteet ' - aie ag fe y ms dey : if EUS S) Petey ig Farry sts zit th ‘ i creme pag aa No. 4. PANICUM LACHNANTHUM Torrey. Roots slender. Culms closely tufted, with numerous short sterile branches from near the base, erect or ascending, 1 to 24 feet high, slender, glabrous. Leaves with flat blades 1 to 2 lines wide; sheaths from smooth to divaricately villous, those of the lower part of the stem long and far exceeding the short inter- nodes, those (sheaths) of the rootstock densely soft villous; ligule about 14 lines long, broadly obtuse, apical margin fimbriate; blade from glabrous to minutely pubescent, commonly 2 to 4 inches long. Inflorescence a panicle on a long slender peduncle. Panicle contracted, 4 to 9 inches long, composed of 7 to 9 erect or appressed sessile branches 1 inch or more long; spikelets closely racemose on the branches; pedicel flat; branches of the pani- cle triangular, both with green scabrous angles. Spikelets narrowly to broadly lanceolate-acuminate, 14 to 2 lines long, showing an inclination toward an arrangement in 2 rows along the raceme. Glumes 4; 3 lower membranaceous, empty; first a minute, hyaline, obtuse scale from 4 line long to nearly obsolete; second narrowly lanceolate, acuminate, 3- to 5-nerved, densely long-villous on the back, hairs when the grain is mature, spread- ing in all directions as if from a point in the center of the spikelet; third similar to the last but broader and about 5-nerved, its middle portion glabrous, intra- marginal hairs as in the second glume and similarly spreading; fourth (flowering) glabrous, thin, coriaceous, with thin membranaceous margins, indistinctly 3-nerved, © minutely roughened in longitudinal lines, lanceolate, acuminate, when mature chestnut-brown. Flower single, hermaphrodite. Palet similar in texture, shape, and color to the flowering glume, nerveless. Stamens 3; anthers 4 line long, one-half as broad. Stigmas long, cylindrical. Grain inclosed by the palet and its glume, oval, obcompressed, white, slightly exceeding # line long. PLATE IV; a, spikelet opened to show its parts, on the left the second glume and flowering glume, on the right the third glume and palet. The first glume, which should stand on the right. is omitted; the inflexed membranaceous margins of the flowering glume and palet are not shown; and the ovary is represented as of the size of a mature grain with the anthers twice their real length. This grass grows freely on stony hills, and probably is capable of resisting drought. It seems deserving of trial as an agricultural grass for the southwest. IIGYNADID, joe = So oe - PANICUM LACHNANTHUM, Torr. an Fagg ieee he rece eaten oe) it ie is j7uae i a foes ab INjo; 5; SETARIA CAUDATA R. &&. Plant annual. Rootstock none. Roots slender. Culms 2 to 24 feet high, branching from the base, scabrous or nearly glabrous; nodes provided with a ring of silky appressed hairs; branches usually short and sterile. Leaves of the stem 4 or 5; sheaths usually distant, glabrous, ciliate on the margins, villous at the apex; blade 1 to 3 lines broad, usually 5 to 9 inches long, flat, glabrous beneath, scabrous above; ligule about 1 line long, cut nearly to the base into silky hairs. Radical leaves like those of the stem. Inflorescence a contracted spike-like panicle 3 to 4 lines broad (exclusive of the bristles), 3 to 6 inches long, on a moderately long exserted peduncle; branches of the panicle shoit (1 to 3 lines), spikelets sessile or nearly so, some of the pedicels sterile and prolonged into slender scabrous bristles 6 lines long or less. Spikelets ovate, acute, semi-terete, 1 to 14 lines long. Glumes 4; 2 lower empty, membranaceous, glabrous; first broadly ovate, acute, 3-nerved, one-half the length of spikelet; second broadly oval, obtuse or mucro-- nate, 5-nerved, nearly as long as the spikelet, fitting closely to the flowering glume; third like the second but slightly longer, acute, and subtending a rudimentary lanceolate hyaline palet; fourth (flowering), when in position, narrowly ovate, acute, coriaceous, rounded and minutely rugose-roughened on the back, obscurely 5-nerved. Flower hermaphrodite. Palet lanceolate when in position, coriaceous (the in- folded margins membranaceous), flat on the back when mature, obscurely 2-nerved. Stamens 3. Stigmas 2, oblong. PLATE V; a, spikelet with its accompanying bristle. The spikelet is opened to show its parts. The flowering glume is represented too short, and should be acute, while the back of the palet is not represented as flat. This grass has much the habit of German millet, and with proper cultivation would probably produce an abundant crop. TEL VEN ID TD A eS Poe ee Sen Cen Se Bere etapa BEARER SEED PIB Sawa tn races A.Hoen & Co. Lith. Baltimore. SETARIA CAUDATA, 2B. & S. "i ba i? BR ree et tse it , PP ya useey 4 p A i Pe ashe: Pan lew eae sat sea 9 fi lace a foe art im He Ue A) er buy arth ah ety | silt nit ie api tel ‘ ‘ | A i" A No. 6. CENCHRUS MYOSUROIDES H. B. K. Culms erect or from an ascending base, usually simple, 2 to 4 feet high, stout, glabrous, glaucous. Leaves of the stem 6 to 10; sheaths glabrous, nearly contiguous; blade glabrous to minutely strigose, flat or sometimes involute, 2 to 4 lines wide, commonly 5 to 12 inches long; ligule fimbriate to the base. Radical leaves early dying. Inflorescence a short-pedunculate or partly sheathed, compact, erect spike 3 to 4 lines thick, 3 to 8 inches long, rachis minutely pubescent, spikelets borne singly. Spikelets 2 to 24 lines long surrounded at the base by a ring of many retrosely barbed stiff bristles of different lengths, the longest equaling the spikelets; body lanceolate, acute, terete. Glumes 4; first membranaceous, ovate, 1- to 3-nerved, acute, one-half the length of the spikelet; second membranaceous, ovate, 5- to 7-nerved, acute, equaling the spikelet; third lke the second, but subtending a hyaline 2-nerved palet (this lanceolate when in position); fourth (flowering) lke the second and third, but rather coriaceous, the nerves more obscure and seldom green. ; Flower hermaphrodite. Palet similar in shape and texture to its glume, but 2-nerved. Stamens 3, anthers linear, about 1 line long. Stigmas 2, linear. Grain } line long, somewhat obcompressed, quadrangular, oblong, very obtuse, with an embryo three-fourths as long, when mature inclosed in the glumes and bristles, the whole falling off together. PLATE VI; a, spikelet closed; b, spikelet opened, the bristles removed. Onthe right in b are the flrst glume, third glume and sterile palet, on the left the second glume, flowering glume, and its palet. This grass will grow in very dry soil, and will produce a good crop of forage, but is somewhat objectionable on account of the prickly seed-envelopes. Set bp 5 aoe eo hes EY SS CENCHRUS MYOSUROIDES, ZH. B. K. 4#-Hoen & Co. Lith. Baltimore. Seat ensamyy ante * ay a s iio 7 uj Bete cP 5 339) eh ite x RVG Gs MTP ce tyes Pag litt Bray iN} B ey iat, ae Fes pies SPM Nagel AYE er tate No. %. CENCHRUS TRIBULOIDES IL. Plant annual. Roots slender. Culms glabrous, a few inches to 3 feet high, usually branching from the base and procumbent, rooting at the lower nodes, or sometimes the shorter plants erect. Leaves of the stem 3 to 10; sheaths glabrous, rarely ciliate on the margins above, usually loose, commonly contiguous; blade 6 inches long or less, 1 to 2 lines broad, flat or sometimes involute; ligule about 4 line long, deeply densely fimbriate. Inflorescence a short-pedunculate or partly sheathed spike of clusters, 4 inches long or reduced to a single cluster, the rachis nearly smooth. Clusters composed of 2 to 3 spikelets surrounded by an involucre. Involucre thick, coriaceous, cleft to the base on the side next the rachis or on both sides, inclosing the spikelets; the outer surface provided with numerous bristles and spines flattened below and retrorsely barbed, those toward the base of the involucre smaller, the larger 23 lines long. : Spikelets 2 to 3 in each involucre, 1 at least fully developed and with the following structure (the others rudimentary in various degrees). Glumes 4; 3 lower membranaceous; first short, ovate, acute, 1- to 3-nerved, empty; second broadly lanceolate, 5-nerved, acute, nearly as long as the involucre, empty; third like the second, but subtending a flower; fourth (flowering) a little larger and similar in form to the second and third, but thin-coriaceous. Flowers 2. Lower staminate, with a thin hyaline 2-nerved palet; stamens 3. Upper with a thin-coriaceous palet, hermaphrodite; ovary flattened, circular in outline; stamens 3, anthers } line long, dehiscing much earlier than those of the staminate flower. Grain inclosed in the spikelet, spikelet inclosed in the involucre, the whole disarticulating from the spike together. Puate VII; a, external view of the involucre; 6, the same cut open to show the spikelets; c, a single fully developed spikelet opened to show the parts. On the left are the second glume, the fourth glume, and the hermaphrodite flower; on the right are the first glume, the third glume, and the staminate flower. The first glume should be inserted below the second, and is represented twice too long, as are the anthers of the hermaphrodite flower. This species is too common in sandy grounds, where its spiny burs are an an- noyance to men and beasts and an injury to the wool of sheep that graze near it. ee ge ee ag IPE HNP 1S, WAGE CENCHRUS TRIBULOIDES, Linn. | & Co, Lith. Boltimoce- se : 3 me =e Hy acy vidio i ; ne sf ane nines ms " &. eb eae BS hee Gite us) ee i y Sch daoay aes be ae: % No. 8. STENOTAPHRUM AMERICANUM Schrank. Rootstock apparently creeping. Roots fibrous-branched. Culms creeping and rooting at the nodes, or procumbent, from 2 feet long to very short, simple or with a few main branches, glabrous, enlarged at the nodes, and there provided with a short sterile branch or fascicle of leaves. Leaves of the stem several, pale green; sheaths glabrous, or slightly ciliate on the margin above, usually loose and not contiguous; blade 2 to 3 lines wide, from 8 inches long to very short, flat, thick (nerves obscure, midrib prominent beneath), glabrous, abruptly rounded at the apex, rarely acute; ligule minute, densely fim- briate. Inflorescence a usually sheathed spike terminating the stem and main branches; rachis thickened and enlarged (reaching 3 lines in diameter and 4 inches in length); spikelets embedded singly sessile, or with 1 to 3 additional short-pedicellate ones, at each joint, arranged along 2 nearly opposite sides of the rachis but facing one way. Spikelets lanceolate-ovate, 14 to 24 lines long. Glumes 4; first membranaceous, hyaline, small, nerveless, and obtuse or some- — times one-half the length of the spikelet; second membranaceous, 7- to 11-nerved, ovate, acute, as long as the spikelet, empty; third similar in form, somewhat cori- aceous, but 5-nerved, subtending a flower; fourth like the third, but more coriaceous, also subtending a flower. Flowers 2. Lower staminate; stamens 3; palet coriaceous below, 2-nerved. Upper flower hermaphrodite; stamens 3; stigmas 2, cylindrical or club-shaped. PuatE VIII; figure below at the right, joint of the rachis showing 2 spike- lets, the lower sessile, the upper pedicelled; at the left, spikelet opened to show the parts. In the flower’on the right, which is the hermaphrodite one, the stigmas should be twice as long and proportionally broader. The stamens have matured earlier and are not shown. This grass grows in sandy land especially near the sea-coast. It has strong creeping roots, which render it capable of enduring great drought. It has been recommended in Florida as a very valuable pasture grass, TEN EVANMIE 1S) WAO0E \.Hoen & Co. Lith. Baltimor: STENOTAPHRUM AMERICAN UM, Schkr. apes tye ashy 59 h : sp eTttanE Ne ies a vy ei ane bid ries a i 5 We es ee ty Spe i iG Ale . hh peti ani hores boss earkid wit aN tal RTS Pa fast, sates ts gee Me uel AP Ue Ma ek s rie Be eae ithe wily Pea Wi ayia teint aM Mboved si us) Sad eet ¥i Any" ave. 1 ote if tin Vi ns Bape Pts Ay); The bi uf "44 Rei Tie si Ly et soil ti Ree mh gis ite ONE sent eed ' i> ae x ea) pp ay ine ee ' x) rs Wee Hula be DY Papert sep E 7 ak : ay "f punt Hi aie bial} . fg ai, : ia : Kio a i ie a itty iy ‘ryt Puli oi i Hen 1 if My es ns ed wees Mesh hy) ay aa Be, ny at “ (Re ih cae PALA Nain ap ae g ‘Ns a mati Pa ar ge +0] ta: q uty ent ars > ay) aid ml} ij Boia Bee 4s ee at ti Aa ke ae fe ber Ni te oF a ae) spullnit i’ Shes e { erat ; ry me ee an a byt ade ma : hy . 2 a \ co wee Fat } oe \ a 4 | f ghee i ee . a t i i Ne I F i aba o eh ss A idrye : ; i i, Fi 2 ¥ eal ae ni Es . \ x / y, r ya ( ; i * J 3 4 a ¥ a i . oN r , fi hime | , ; i, ae Lath , moo” Tah oan Jae int > ay : ' ‘ 3 P. cs ’ eh LA a ae : ; ie) ee | eS eee | \ ——_ No. 9. THURBERIA ARKANSANA Bentham. Plant annual. Rootstock none. Roots very slender. : i] Culms erect, simple or branching from the base, slender, commonly 9 to 18 ] inches high, sometimes depauperate, glabrous. Leaves of the stem 3 to 5; sheaths contiguous, glabrous or sparingly villous, | the margin villous-ciliate; blade flat, 1 to 4 inches long, 1 to 2 lines broad, flaccid, | scabrous, and usually sparingly minutely villous-pubescent; ligule about 4 line | long, the apex narrowly fringed. Inflorescence a panicle at first partly sheathed, finally pedunculate, 3.to 6 inches long; branches slender, seldom exceeding 1 inch in length; spikelets borne | | singly on pedicels 14 lines long or shorter. Spikelets linear, 14 to 2 lines long (exclusive of the awn), nearly terete, jointed to the pedicel below the glumes. Glumes 3; first and second of equal length, similar, lanceolate, acute, green, nerveless or obsoletely 3-nerved, scabrous-pubescent without, apices slightly sep- arated; third (flowering) not green except the 3 nerves, glabrous, rather thick, lanceolate, folded and compressed, awned on the back a little below the apex; apex cleft half-way to the origin of the awn; awn slender, 4 to 4 inch long, little twisted, abruptly bent at the middle. Flower single, onan nrc evan prolonged above the flower (!) into a minute filiform rudiment about $ line long, naked or surmounted by a minute scale; palet very thin, hyaline, narrowly linear, 2-nerved; lodicules 2, about $ line llomes stamens 3, anther oblong, about 3 lne ions stigmas cylindrical, on om distant styles. Grain linear-oblong, remaining closed within the glumes, the spikelet disartic- ulating below them. Plate IX; a, first (on the left) and second glumes; b, flowering glume and flower. The rudimentary prolongation of the rachilla shown in 0 is usually twice as long and is inserted at a point on the axis near the middle of the base of the palet, not on the flowering glume, as shown in the figure. i > (em = —=—— S74 eZ (ZL cE}: =F } S oF I ——B EBA ae ———— —— = ES Ss J Haigh IX THURBERIA ARKANSANA, Benth. aaaea Kis) ys Loni R itt an eats eal” Tah) ey seas: ae . ALY pone aged Lt ee Ate, rte theese ore MUNIN WO Li tivcle Jetiyats 4 Wold ich eae i ied Devoe oie nee ahr ae ; Shave) viesist! Raat. Ae iG Nee er aie ae ay “Eqeolek ie app et ens eeu ans ae SENT fee aut ss aie ‘ee re Lag SY ges hh . Ha ah a nevis x2 iinet bach y \ hex aa ate : ae Pees ast pee! 5 ? ae tie yr ie Wl teat ; a . eer Ay Ones Car be ne Wier vast arsed fad cast hens sig a: ut ia bila. ok iG ; : ; , we Ties bi ¥tiy tiek past} ify Ae : Pye oe ath fm fu) AR lien E ahi ekg cH vie LA Rab Bed tis Boek PORN Pepreiee A heb ts ! eat elit ft dati Fahad] ey abe tails tri}. Lara! at Bev Ue ep bali his. ances 04 Ke mvt nM ie cee ets, | . at lhc ae rel) | a. 2 | ‘2 z a) re. Dlr Hearitia less; Pease rea Uy Thy p44 ra oY GO itth h Wads Oty el poke srta Ths tra whey Has t Ha ay ‘W Balt’ a) fi jt wD} aio) eT Rae Shaw es CE LTS het ‘ 4 he aan’: shetits kA SU wt! cs fee nape ole Sie LAL TN aie dian Hig inte cri Pitas Sgadl) yah fd het. oy ath 9 4 Soi eah oe. vier bs sed eet | | ae PU AAI MARS parle Mptres elas ty9. yr Bt rN al No. 10. HILARIA CENCHROIDES H. B. K., var. TEXANA Vasey. Plant perennial. Rootstock none. Roots slender, branching. Stems of two kinds, (1) runners and (2) normal culms. Runners with 1 or few nodes, producing a plant at each; internodes several inches long, slender, ter- ete, glabrous. Culms erect, 6 to 12 inches high, slender, densely tufted from a single rootstock, glabrous, retrosely long-villous at the nodes. Leaves of the stem 2 to 4; sheaths about 1 inch long, distant, tightly sheathing, glabrous; blade 3 to 1 line wide, seldom exceeding 3 inches in length, flat, scab- rous above and on the margins, rarely beneath, otherwise smooth except sometimes a few long hairs. Root-leaves similar, several on each stem, sheaths imbricated. Inflorescence a usually slender-pedunculate spike $ to 1; inches long; rachis flat, zigzag, minutely pubescent, spikelets inserted in clusters of 3 (resembling a single spikelet) on opposite sides, contiguous or one-half overlapping. Spikelets 25 to 33 lines long, the parts spreading above. (1) MIDDLE SPIKELETS. Glumes 3; first and second equal, similar, nearly as long as the spikelet, body many-nerved, coriaceous below, scabrous, compressed, at the middle separating into two linear obtuse spreading lobes becoming membranaceous-hyaline at the ‘apex, bearing in the fork an awn slightly exceeding the spikelet; third (flowering) broadly oblong below, hyaline, 3-nerved, compressed, abruptly tapering from below the middle into a slender compressed neck. Flower pistillate. Palet similar to the flowering glume but narrower and 2-nerved, and with it forming a cavity below and a neck above. Ovary and after- ward the grain inclosed in this cavity. Styles long, lying in the neck, very slender above; stigmas cylindrical, the body thick. (2) LATERAL SPIKELETS. Glumes 4; first similar to that of the middle spikelet, but inequilateral, and with shorter awn; second similar to the first but merely mucronate; third and fourth each subtending a flower, alike, thin-membranaceous, lanceolate, hyaline, 1-nerved or with 1 or 2 additional lateral nerves. Flowers staminate. Palet thin-membranaceous, hyaline, 2-nerved, linear. Stamens 3, anther narrowly linear. Grain inclosed primarily in its palet and glume, these becoming shining-coria- ceous, the whole inclosed in the empty glumes, the entire cluster of spikelets dropping off together. PLATE X; a, cluster of three spikelets; b, staminate flowers of one of the lateral spikelets; c, pistillate flower of the middle spikelet. In 0}, one of the spikelets should be sessile. In c, the stigmas are nearly twice too short and proportionally too narrow, their bodies too slender, and the filaments not thick enough below. This species differs from the Mexican type in being more slender, with longer culms, more spikelets in the spike, and the spikelets narrower and smooth instead of scabrous. es - | : - IEILVANAD ID, DC HILARIA CENCHROIDES, H. B. kK. \.Hoen & Co. Lith. Baltimore. wt) Dae vy at re Sa, ah oY BOL A ATH AIL: | Sure: \ ‘ t pid’ te oy F Ph? a; sin ee te ‘ peas Se et Pee abhd) eee fe | So te poles eithie -itaiat. ‘i yee § \ : ‘i Py f eh : Py i y % TASS 9 ep Bee a! hi Gee ee MPH E LI AME AAR io] Sih viel de FREE TTY > = ’ . a a tes eayigit AGES WR Rats (i ae ‘ Pte; ac hST Tt aa cE mre: mai i’ wat rs / M . , } ‘ies f of if; i WRAPS el Bil ioet! ne a ra) LP > ‘ x 14] ~~ + ‘ye fe ee \ 3 \ ! é ‘ ’ : ¥e pe. Ory | srAMNA taf ye ene Pee nt ; Peavey SPL tye , a Wes # ; A is & Se | e wi i a bye tak } Wi Tey ts rar e 7 F sey 4 » 5 ‘haa FY Reig ip tw as CY aad jh asthe Ps , Bey cn Ree Bests aplenty dri Tas FEA AGRT hi) 4 i hye i F rat ELENA Lal bad iz Tee es BE el) 10 2 eae eae ae icy Pte m hihi FAL: Pu is ° (x “ t 4 - Ae sede TS Ly Ps | ep eS PARRA PISS POV EET STM teen: ST a ae ia ibeSNRA eth pita) st, eth cn yy Vag: Wea ad ye) er ¥ a3 Moar Pa ‘ " G >. T ' { ‘ $ ‘- ae ‘. ' (iit Sneey E ili ia c ATh« (2h littas seri H ay j ‘ 5 galt ST Ie: a iil : $ (Pay edi Ast ¥ plage “) Nome ae HILARIA MUTICA Bentham. Plants perennial. Roots thick, simple, with a cork-like covering. Rootstock creeping, woody, scaly-sheathed. Culms erect or from an ascending base, 9 to 20 inches high, somewhat tufted, usually with many sterile branches below, glabrous, sometimes hairy at the nodes. Leaves of the stem 4 to 10; sheaths imbricated below, distant above, glabrous, the margins sometimes ciliate above; blade 1 to 1} lines broad, reaching 6 inches long, flat or involute, usually shghtly scabrous. otherwise smooth; ligule about + line long, fimbriate. Inflorescence a close spike, pedunculate or scarcely exserted, 13 to 3 inches long; spikelets arranged in clusters of 3 on opposite sides of the flat rachis, imbri- cated. Spikelets 2 to 3 lines long, with a tuft of long hairs surrounding the cluster at the base. (1) MIDDLE SPIKELETS. Gluwmes 3; first and second alike, oblanceolate, 1-nerved at the base, with cili- ate membranaceous margins, the nerve splitting above into several branches, con- tinued into short ariste, or the lateral ones joined into a fimbriate membrane; third (flowering) glume membranaceous, linear, obtuse, 3-nerved. Flower hermaphrodite. Stamens3; anther narrow-linear, } to 2 lines long, the narrow cells free at the ends. Styles 2, long; stigmas long, narrow-cylindrical, with thick bodies, exserted from the apex of the tube formed by the palet and glume. (2) LATERAL SPIKELETS. Glumes commonly 5 to 6; two lower empty, upper successively shorter, apices of all even; first lanceolate, several-nerved, ciliate on the membranaceous margins and apex, usually with a short lateral awn on the margin nearest the middle spikelet; second similar, but linear and unawned; tlowering glumes narrowly quad- rangular-oblong, truncate, membranaceous, 3-nerved. Flowers staminate. Palet similar to the glume but narrower, 2-nerved. Stamens 3, similar to those of the middle spikelet, those of the upper flowers suc- cessively shorter. Grain inclosed in the finally coriaceous and shining flowering glume and palet, these remaining attached in the cluster of spikelets, the whole dropping off together. PuatTE XI; a, two lateral spikelets of a cluster, and b, middle spikelet opened to show the parts. The cluster is viewed from the side toward the rachis of the spike. The lateral awn of the two glumes uppermost in a@ is not shown, nor are the stamens of the upper flowers of the lateral spikelets shown. In 0, the styles are those of an unopened flower, and in all cases the cells of the anthers are repre- sented as united even to their ends. This species and another similar one (H. Jamesii) are called gietta by the Mexicans, and in some localities also called ‘black grama.’ In southern New Mexico and Arizona they are the prevailing grama grasses, taking the place of the white grama (Boutelowa oligostachya) which covers the plains of western Kansas and Nebraska, The species here described is one of the most important forage grasses of this region. IPMLVANAD IE) NIE n & Co. Lith. Baltimore HILARIA MUTICA, Benth. sia Hn v * ip ; : oon heed * Thy ie " ; f : i ; r ge ; eae y » a | —_ : J ‘ v t ? eal : f al 3B ee Pa ' ~ + ‘ Pgh) ie) ue Pa i eae apt ie ‘chins roe yrs iia ats apmauabies Di wiriiss: wees, BAD ' Paiats oy oe ban ‘ Banta eee ae TSFEp a raz rae, Ui sorts ” P ni Be OPW hah aos oa Vr, aha seit ign oe sa | Ttetyy. * Ts Rea aiT et, mubeNiyaetete ore Saree ae meat. ear ot hauctos aa rote ae Aiibeis econitiens cs bifaen hd avigts Matias Wi ay cory US ore) tafitinibe eater as oF Ril yamebeke Read : # Tice Goud Na piephiosy, ont em ad LewatagyisT st heh nay , i) Le iy : MBM eee reg ee macy oben ett shes Tahar in’ ‘bata De ret eH: sunt ; oon aA we. © Tea ide ice Pri Prieto -atingls™ ged acu ves baci . siya var ay ua ote nities : ip corsa it earch 2 Vet GkiRE Te i, 3 Seas ics, sais ae ha Lhe 3 RN neat . Deny we ceipint he hit vist Baie! RRC PUTT PANT mers Arn sf beee i stentee Meade ‘ SAA hits ies | Bai Gove rts hare | sured att finer a sheath fy Bil foes fi ie nie oe ee ir os iy nia! “ We CRUbTe NGA? RY aa rp lean yey i Ra x ae P iy ee vi 4 i n athe . i De ate eee ‘ta ai ie ikl wine? : ebae i : “lst Rik ’ ats idk a: mL) / nS. it Sao avg LA rohan TY fh xmas es a 5 Pony Abra oF arnt boop tny Capel | (irr te tan te hy ayy tein Pees! Siiourh ; * + ‘ n te ‘ ra * A, Athi . rae Tidy bats in iG € oe, FA hi aed oe , Whe Esty sy if BoA an ala cenit a Tardis MASEL ay Mate ‘i : Weeks eee OS ae rane ree sve Ost h tey ep aBNY tek te iy S i . is . oe 0 * ‘ x i ‘i e h eu . ‘ Ls sa 1 v Tab Fi ng \ j : i af f m i i e at ‘ , (ca : I ia? I we p : 7 7 if N o * j a) i! j i 4 4 hal i q A . : Me we Ay ue Ph ; ‘ +?- ee « vireo.) al hil “ 3 Le ah No. 12. AIGOPOGON GEMINIFLORUS H. B. K.* Plant annual. Culms procumbent and branching at the base, or even creeping and rooting at the lower nodes; erect parts about 1 foot high, very slender, glabrous. Leaves of the stem 3 to 6; sheaths slender, glabrous, usually not quite con- tiguous; blade 3 to 1 line broad, 4 inch long, flat, flaccid, glabrous ; ligule con- spicuous, about 1 line long, the apex short-lacerate. Inflorescence racemose ; spikelets in umbels of 3, one nearly sessile ; umbels on short, slender, scabrous peduncles, usually turned to one side, in a raceme 14 to 3 inches long; rachis slender, scabrous. Spikelets lanceolate, acute, excluding the awns about 2 lines long, pedicelled ones a little smaller. Glumes 3; first and second similar, 1-nerved, made up of a narrow body ex- current into an awn, and 2 narrow, lateral, membranaceous, from truncate to acuminate wings (one shorter than the other); third (flowering) lanceolate, 3-nerved, each nerve excurrent into an awn, middle one (shorter in the pedicelled spikelets) nearly as long as the spikelet, lateral ones minute. Flower single, hermaphrodite. Palet membranaceous, lanceolate, 2-nerved, each nerve excurrent into a minute tooth. Stamens 3, anthers about ? line long, linear, the cells joined only at the middle. Stigmas short, cylindrical. Grain not seen, but probably inclosed in the spikelets, the umbel of 3 drop- ping off together. PLATE XII; lower figure, cluster of three spikelets; upper figure, spikelet opened to show the parts. The lateral lobes of the first and second glumes are broader and usually less acute than in the figure. In the upper figure the position of the first glumes is reversed, and in both figures the stamens and pistils are omitted. *This description was made from a single set of specimens cultivated from Mexican seed. They are taken to be the typical form of H. B. K. Several forms whose specific relationships have not all been well worked out occur in the southwestern United States and Mexico, and none of them, although they may prove to be varieties of this species, were noted in writing the description, ~ 2 ees Get TEN EVNGD ID) SGIE A-Hoen & Co. Lith. Haltinore. ZEGOPOGON GEMINIFLORUS, H. B. K. oath Nee) f a LW a ea eogdr ho} WE st. aedde are t No 13. CATHESTECUM ERECTUM Vasey & Hackel. Plant perennial. Roots slender. Rootstock none. : Stems of two kinds, (1) runners and (2) erect culms. Runners slender, with internodes few to several inches long, glabrous, arcuate, giving rise to a new plant at each node. Culms densely tufted below, many of them short and leafy, a few elongated, very slender, 6 to 10 inches high, gleluous, Leaves of the root numer ous; sheath short, 3 to 1 inch long, glabrous, long- ciliate at the apex; blade 3 inches or less long, about 3 line wide, scabrous on the margins, otherwise glabrous or rarely with a few long hairs; ifieals minute, fim- briate. Leaves of the stems 2 or 3; sheaths about 1 inch long, distant, otherwise like those of the root; blade from 1 inch long to almost wanting. Inflorescence racemose; spikelets in a raceme of 4 to 8 clusters; racemes slender- pedunculate, about 1 inch long, single or 2 or 3 together from the uppermost sheath; rachis very slender, flat, glabrous or slightly scabrous; clusters short-pedicellate, composed of 3 spikelets, middle spikelet short-pedicelled, lateral nearly sessile. Glumes 4 to 6; first small, truncate-cuneate, empty, nearly nerveless; second empty, lanceolate, 1-nerved; others subtending flowers, 4-lobed, 3-nerved, more or less scabrous on the back, the nerves extending into a short scabrous awn between the lobes. Flowers 3 to 4, hermaphrodite (?); palet Taneooltes 2-nerved, stamens 3, an- thers 1 to 14 lines long; pistils not detected; sterile prolongation of the rachilla sometimes found at the apex of the spikelets. Gram not found. PuaTE XIII; a, cluster of spikelets; b, first glume; c, second glume; d and e, two flowering glumes; f, palet, from the back; g and h, palets, from the front; zt, sterile prolongation of the rachilla; 7, stamens and pistils; &, anther and upper portion of filament. This grass is found on the arid bluffs of the Rio Grande in Texas, and westward near the Mexican border as far as Sonora. It is too small to be of much economic importance. PLATE Xi CATHESTECHUM ERECTUM, Vasey et Hackel. A.Hoen & C. No. 14. TRAGUS RACEMOSUS Hall. Plant annual. Roots very slender. Stem branching and procumbent at the base, sometimes rooting at the lower nodes, glabrous, 15 inches or less in height; depauperate plants sometimes simple, erect, and but 2 to 3 inches high. e Leaves of the stem 3 to 6; sheaths usually not contiguous, glabrous, often some- what swollen; blade 1 to 2 lines broad, 1 to 2 inches long, or the uppermost nearly obsolete, glabrous except the coarsely ciliate-toothed margins, thick, pale green; ligule a dense row of short hairs. Inflorescence a dense cylindrical spike of clusters of spikelets 24 to 34 lines thick, 1 to 4 inches long, frequently sheathed at the base, never long-peduncled; clusters nearly sessile, arranged singly on all sides of the terete minutely pubescent rachis. Spikelets 2 to 3 in each cluster, closely spiked (backs together) on a short ra- chis; uppermost commonly reduced to a single echinate glume; lowest and usu- ally the middle one perfect; rachis sometimes produced as a rudiment above the base of the upper flower. Glumes 3; first ovate, small, thin, hyaline, nerveless: second thick, ovate to - lanceolate, acute, the back ridged with several (commonly 5 to 7) nerves converg- ing at the apex and beset with hooked spines; third (flowering) lanceolate, acute, mucronate-awned, slightly coriaceous, glabrous, 3-nerved. Flower single, hermaphrodite. Palet lanceolate, membranaceous, 2-nerved. Stamens 3; anthers short, oblong; stigmas cylindrical, slender. Grain light-brown, oblanceolate-oblong, slightly obcompressed, apiculate, short- stipitate, about 3 line long. PLATE XIV; a, cluster of two spikelets opened to show the parts. The spike- let on the right shows the first glume (very small), the second glume (echinate), the flowering glume and its palet, and between them an organ probably meant to represent an anther. The spikelet to the left shows the same parts except the first glume which is replaced by the rudimentary prolongation of the rachis. The second spikelet should be raised on a slight prolongation of the rachis. This is a widely distributed semi-tropical grass, not of economic value. PEAT EY Svs A.Hoen & Co. Lith. Roltimore TRAGUS RACEMOSUS, Hall. } 4 ea Lee any HE pit nso Pen ; ia Pa Df , i bial val ih hee ‘ i i ‘CD Way pee etiah: 1 rir reas |: nos No. 15. ELIONURUS BARBICULMIS Hackel. Rootstock not seen, apparently creeping. Roots rather thick, mostly simple, unbranched, with a thin brown bark. Culms densely tufted, erect, 1 to 3 feet high, slender, rigid, below the nodes pilose, a little lower scabrous, and lower yet glabrous; many short, producing only leaves. Leaves of the stem 3 to 5; sheaths slender, usually not contiguous, glabrous, sparingly long-ciliate on the margins above; blade 8 inches long or less, the up- permost often entirely wanting, about 4 line wide, closely involute, long-pilose on the margins below, densely hairy for a short distance from the liglue within, otherwise glabrous, rising erect from the sheath; ligule a dense row of stiff hairs. Root leaves and those of the abortive stems similar to the last, but reaching 1 foot in length, tips frequently flexuous. Inflorescence a more or less pedunculate terminal distichous spike, 2 to 4 inches long, about 3 lines thick, densely villous on both the rachis, pedicels, and spikelets; rachis flat. Spikelets inserted 2 together on one side of the rachis at each joint; one ses- sile, 3 to 4 lines long; other pedicelled, of about the same length, including the pedicel. Glumes 4; first lanceolate, several-nerved, densely villous on the back, apex bifid into two slender points; second lanceolate, 3-nerved, more or less villous in the middle of the back, these two inclosing the rest of the spikelet; third thin, mem- branaceous, laterally 2-nerved, ciliate on the inflexed margins; fourth (flowering) lanceolate, membranaceous, 1- to 3-nerved, glabrous. Flower of sessile spikelet hermaphrodite; palet lanceolate, minute, membra- naceous; lodicules 2, about + line long, thick; stamens 3, linear, anthers 14 to 2 lines long; stigmas long, cylindrical. Flower of pedicelled spikelet staminate; palet wanting, lodicules as in the hermaphrodite flower; stamens 3, shorter than the others. Grain light-brown, obcompressed, elliptical-lanceolate, acute at each end; em- bryo occupying half its length. Rachis of the spike finally disarticulating just below the nodes, bearing the 2 spikelets, one containing the grain. PLATE XV; a, portion of the rachis of the spike, showing the two spikelets at a node, opened to show their parts. The palet of the lower spikelets is not shown. This species occurs on rocky hills in western Texas, southern New Mexico, and Arizona, and the adjacent parts of Mexico. “ a PLATE Xv i.Hoen & Co. Lith. Baltiinore. ELIONURUS BARBICULMUM, Hack. thi ae i ates ry bal » Pisa Vin No. 16. HETEROPOGON CONTORTUSR. & &. Rootstock short. Roots stout. Culms tufted, smooth, branching above, erect, about 3 feet high. Leaves 6 to 12 inches long, upper ones gradually shorter; blade flat, upper sur- face and margins rough, lower surface smooth; sheath smooth, much flattened. Inflorescence spicate, cylindrical, about 2 inches long without the awns, main rachis smooth. Spikelets 3 to 5 lines long, in pairs, lower sessile and perfect, upper on a short pedicel, and staminate only. Male spikelets turned to one side of the spike, almost concealing the fertile ones. Glwmes in the female spikelets 4, outer hard, hairy, convolute; second much narrower, hard, 3-nerved; third very thin, hyaline, smaller; fourth hyaline at the base, above extended into a hard twisted and bent awn 2 to 3 inches long or more. Glumes of the male spikelet 4; first ovate-lanceolate, flattish, keeled near the margin, thick, green, ciliate, many-nerved, margins thin; second thinner, nar- rower, 3-nerved, ciliate on the margin; third and fourth hyaline, somewhat shorter. Stamens 3. Styles 2. PLATE XVI; a, pair of spikelets, the upper male, the lower female, with the long twisted and pubescent awn; 0, a male flower spread open to show the parts... The fourth glume is omitted. This grass furnishes a large amount of foliage, and is deserving of trial in cul- tivation. IPNLVANAD ID, DIVA A.Hoen & Co. Lith. Baltimore HETEROPOGON CONTORTUS, R. «& 8S. Care are i: ) ry ve hata tiflornd: eg SF ewe) 4 ures 64} ts Pit AN me i: ‘ginl\ Melis ae es AP same ne Ti. a) rhs abe dated phe ak ASE Assad cl ; Nstititerd ENP pent ys ivi He er vil wel Hil ia eee j : Pan Bi ha a dial eAsTte K Rake bp ynbet yystast Bp es he at ye thal eat bat oR as Oa ae ear ey Sita a Lae vet antl: fi dht edi renieht ei uly atthe ie Mp Ah ‘ Pa Sah oth ae ees i} hi . ; ¥ No. 17. TRACHYPOGON POLYMORPHUS Hack. Rootstock short. Roots strong. Culms tufted, smooth, bearded at the joints, unbranched, erect, 2 to 3 feet high. Leaves. Lower ones 6 to 12 inches long, about 2 lines wide, attenuated to a point, scabrous, sparingly hairy toward the base; sheaths hairy, the lower ones longer than the internodes, the upper shorter; ligule 1 to 2 lines long, ovate-lance- olate, sparingly hairy. Inflorescence a narrow, slender spike, rather loose, 4 to 6 inches long, erect; the rachis slightly hairy at the joints, otherwise smooth. Spikelets in pairs, 3 to 4 lines long, each 1-flowered, the lower flower sessile and male only, the other on a short pedicel and perfect. Male spikelets: first and second glumes thick; first oblong-linear, 7- to 9-nerved, sparsely pubescent, ob-_ tuse, ciliate at apex; second lanceolate-oblong, 3-nerved, acute; third and fourth thin, hyaline. Female spikelet like the male except the flowering glume; this terminating in a hairy, twisted awn, about 2 inches long. Stamens 3. Styles 2, stigmas plumose. * PuLatTE XVII; a, pair of spikelets opened to show the parts. A.Hoen & Co. Lith. Baltimore. TRACHYPOGON POLYMORPHUS, Hack. JEL ANAM IE) DNAWWAGE PEW bh Qed wand Puy ee " i's Eo el MTS ty pte ae Gy oh riyt Alte ike Ptah ie 8 Hoe va Fe ; Suite Moi Tope ‘ ; Me Bid Ad oa ip Pare eiaehe Aloawu cli Bro ratsorit iy ©) ne / 4 iets he GAH et pada Ltilastd Wifi is fast si Re % Stat, Ava t mines ig FT a iy fini 1 ead ; rails oti Pee (aay si) a sas ice " » ; kes th # ta ad f, ray ¥en PVN “tacvhhs ye “th Liesfree A tr isan ihe ni . No. 18. ANDROPOGON CIRRHATUS Hackel. Rootstock short. Roots strong. Culms tufted, 2 to 3 feet high, slender, branching above, of 6 to 8 joints ; lat- eral branches arising singly, slender, becoming long-exserted. Leaves. Sheaths narrow, close, smooth, striate ; ligule short, truncate, smooth; blade 3 to 6 inches long, 1 to 2 lines wide, attenuated to a long acute point, rigid, smooth, except the roughish margins. Inflorescence terminal on the culm and its branches, in a spike-like raceme about 2 inches long consisting of 10 to 15 joints; rachis smooth. Spikelets in pairs. Female spikelets sessile, about 3 lines long ; first glume linear-lanceolate, thick, 2-toothed at apex, smooth except the scabrous keel and margins, 7- to 9-nerved; second glume slightly shorter than the first, acute, much thinner, 3-nerved above, smooth; third glume one-fourth shorter than the first, hyaline, linear-oblong, obtuse, 2-nerved, ciliate on the margins; fourth glume as long as the third, hyaline, bifid, attached below to an awn 6 to 8 lines long. Male spikelet rather shorter than the female, about equaling its pedicel; pedicel smooth except a tuft of cilia near the apex; glumes 4, much as in the female, but without the awn of the third glume. PLATE XVIII; a, pair of spikelets; b, female spikelet opened to show the parts; c, male spikelet opened. This is related to the broomsedge (A. scoparius), and is rather rare. TE IOUERAE 1, DONANIE ANDROPOGON CIRRHATUS, Hack. sth lat Sulsicasl PAL vie oy MATS A ¢ Kay? ry ee Tee La XC Ay >, bts CO EO eT ee alsa Ne bonkers Pere, iV et ee Deaths ; ; Rat pens ne tags f. Aes E esi! 4 ee ae pS Lathe as ia Cae ry Spy kata: DigeTe Waa ‘I f E's Nm Aan 4 grr J ea aTvhes' J Sia yop ie By, ioe a Wajihy Ny Pas Baye et ie tia Wary enh Tt Bay f Ho re Aidint Lt; hile bepaly 7 sie ani basteat es a . a Mi Posa hit abe igi gts Le PE Malic: pavltaescl pion: Kiedis Rita ? sak OE tes eed a Baaihasn inte fin Pita iER) Dah ATM | ; OY eee, peels Lego ot air Pat caae i ide oe PRT Oi ce : pen sitiseuleal phi tet test eu fire) sis re Rind, “ph fvostany pout ete Mie Bataan Pon gee af» Ring "FIA Ls Ate Aaja Snatt ar mn peernes | 177 yt ai} aii wey ibisiact nF ab Laer Doig is teas apace MADE PUA A} Bees» Tete eC TINE Sanh seal ies r | veld 11/4 aM tatos WL | i ie ; ; Me ~ No. 19. ANDROPOGON HIRTIFLORUS Kunth. Culms 2 to 4 feet high, densely tufted on a short rootstock, erect, rather slen- der and wiry, with generally single branches from the upper joints; lower inter- nodes compressed, furrowed on the inner face; branches becoming long-exserted and flower-bearing at the extremity, smooth. Leaves crowded below, distant above; lower sheaths compressed, short, with scattering hairs or nearly smooth; hgule membranaceous, short, truncate; blade flat, 2 to 6 inches long, 1 to 2 lines wide, firm and erect, rather scabrous, acumi- nate. Inflorescence terminating the culm and branches as a loose, narrow, few-flow- ered, spike-like raceme, consisting of 10 to 20 joints, 2 to 3 inches long; branches slender, long-exserted from the sheaths. Spikelets in pairs at the joints of the flattened hairy rachis, lower perfect and fertile, upper sterile. Perfect spikelet 4 lines long; glumes 4, two of hard texture and two hyaline; first linear-lanceolate, roughened on the back, covered with long white hairs; second thinner, ‘keeled, without hairs, minutely scabrous; third hyaline, a little shorter than the second, slightly ciliate, deeply bifid, attached be- low to its twisted and bent awn, which is 8 or 10lines long; fourth hyaline, entire, inclosing the proper flower. Sterile spikelet: pedicel about 2 lines long, flattened, cilate ; glumes generally 2; first lanceolate, acuminate, green, thick, hirsute; second hyaline, inclosed by the first. PLATE XIX; a, pair of spikelets, the perfect one sessile, and the sterile one on a pedicel; b, perfect flower with the glumes spread out. The outer or first glume does not show the long hairs. This species also is related to A. scoparius. It is found on rocky hills in western Texas, in the Santa Catalina and Huachuca Mountains of Arizona, and in Mexico. SSE EES Koen & Co, Lith, Baltimore. ANDROPOGON HIRTIFLORUS, Kunth. agin: . a oe ~—_ <<< COBEN OA Ga BLN a aioe | , PRET sik we ih na et pelt} tony tf i Mita I Ee Se ee ae Re ie aie me bit Riel . eMuithien ty Hila The ae ' y 1) A part _ i my te dehinid a BL hs bi mae "h ) | Bia prt! bat tr Ws; auek dear ate rately biievhi oh th Peal ceca | ee ris RGA ids rere aig : rah . rete bin oe Limiod aij MUL ibomat aha Sains Lei MARAT AAR " : ' tal Ons «Pte EAS if pebiest Ra ihe Apt Haat 7h OR Gin ROW Tana pithy Nee ae re ; Aire Hoa gi ue. Linn RN peas PST Pe es Pee Hua ‘ 0 Aad aN a bY cil ah | pie), Kearse ha, abe i ie Tie) / ie fy Ais! hee , ee i) ‘ ead alin ahd iin TR Ae Ae fi MF t ; rhe ‘ A if fe { | | , yaw 77 Wie ane bidore asain! pe bite Freginy | ben ict LOM mys aie cist’: ol nas) elite thy he Lica a “th ery ye ? ( ‘ oy ta No. 20. ANDROPOGON SACCHAROIDES Swartz. Rootstock short. Roots strong. Culms tufted, smooth (nodes bearded or in some forms smooth), simple or branched, erect, 2 to 4 feet high, often with 4 or 6 joints. Lower leaves 1 foot or more long; blade flat, narrow, acuminate, somewhat scab- rous on both surfaces and on the margins; sheaths smooth, striate, shorter than the internodes, open; ligules broadly ovate, laciniate. Inflorescence paniculate, oblong, about 4 inches long, composed of numerous (20 to 50) closely approximate and appressed sessile spike-like branches 1 inch or more long ; spikelets imbricated. Spikelets in pairs at the joints of the branches, one sessile and perfect, the other on a short pedicel and either male orimperfect. Perfect spikelets 2 lines long with 2 outer hard glumes and 2 inner hyaline ones; first about 7-nerved, sparsely hairy, 2-toothed at the apex, second obscurely 3-nerved, third and fourth hyaline, latter terminating in a twisted awn sometimes 8 or 10 lines long. Male or sterile spikelet on a pedicel of about its own length, consisting of only i linear, pubescent, 5- to 7-nerved, glume; pedicel covered with long, fine, white hairs. PLATE XX; a, perfect spikelet; b, both the sterile and perfect spikelets. This species is common on rocky banks and borders of streams. It extends northward to southern Colorado and Kansas, and deserves trial as an agricultural grass for dry and sandy lands. There are several varieties, A-Hoen & Co. Lith. Boltimore. ANDROPOGON SACCHAROIDES, Swz. —— Ce OS ae VU ee “e : . | ; OCS TS aa | Pa ee ir? f3 vg “i . F vy oe No. 21. ANDROPOGON WRIGHTI Hackel. Rootstock thick. Roots very strong. Culms ceespitose, 2 to 3 feet high, unbranched, smooth, slightly hairy at the nodes. Leaves. Sheaths smooth, striate, shorter than the internodes; ligules 1 line © long, obtuse, smooth; blades 5 to 12 inches long, 2 to 3 lines wide, light green, smooth, the margins scabrous. . Panicle 2 to 3 inches long, consisting of 5 to 7 clustered or approximate spike- like branches 13 to 2 inches long, shortly pedicellate, erect, and densely flowered: rachis flattened, hairy, ciliate. Spikelets about 3 lines long, in pairs, one female, one male. Female spikelet sessile, lance-oblong, hairy at the base, sparsely hairy on the back below; first glume thick, 7-nerved above; second nearly equal to the first, 3-nerved ; third and fourth hyaline, fourth with an awn $ inch long. Male spikelet on a ciliate pedicel of half its length, about 3 lines long; first glume 9- to 11-nerved at the base, ciliate on the margins above; second more acute, 3-nerved, ciliate; third hyaline, nearly equaling the second; fourth very minute or wanting. PuaTE X XI; a, pair of spikelets; b, female spikelet spread open to show the parts; c, male spikelet opened. This resembles the preceding species, but is smaller and with fewer spikes. It is rare, at least north of the boundary. e ————————— OS ANDROPOGON WRIGHTII, Hack. Lorn ; tae No.« 22. ARISTIDA ARIZONICA Vasey. Rootstocks unknown. Roots rather stout, simple above, with a thin bark. Culms erect, simple, closely tufted, 1 to 23 feet high, glabrous. Leaves all radical or originating near the base of the culm; sheaths imbricated, glabrous, sometimes 6 inches long; blades commonly 3 to 5, sometimes 10 inches long, glabrous, involute when dry ; ligules a minute dense ring of hairs. Inflorescence an exsert-pedunculate panicle 4 to 12 inches long; branches short, rarely exceeding 2 inches, nearly erect; spikelets singly sessile or short pedunculate. Spikelets (excluding the awns) $ to # inch long, awl-shaped, nearly terete. Glumes 3; first linear, two-thirds the length of the spikelet, membranaceous, l-nerved, aristate, acute with 2 minute accessory teeth, the midnerve and awn- point scabrous ; second as long as the spikelet, narrower than the first, similar to it, the awn-point a little longer; third (flowering) glume coriaceous, as long as the second, closely involute, very slender, scabrous ; apex twisted twoor three times, then produced into 3, straight, terete, not twisted, scabrous awns diverging when dry, usually a little longer than the spikelet ; middle one slightly the longest ; rachilla slightly elongated between the second and third glumes, densely villous. Flower single, hermaphrodite. Palet minute, nearly 1 linelong. Lodicules 2, lanceolate, as long as the palet. Stamens 3, anthers linear nearly 1 line long. Stigmas 2, cylindrical. Grain awl-shaped, about 4 lines long, closely enwrapped in the flowering glume; . rachilla disarticulating obliquely just above the second glume. PLATE XXII; a, spikelet, empty glumes spread open; 0, the same empty glumes removed, flowering glume open to show the palet and stamens. The stigmas are not shown. A common grass of the mesas and hills, which early in the season furnishes good grazing for animals. TILE NIRS) DO-01 & Co. Lith Baltirn ARISTIDA ARIZONICA, Vasey. ib tall fal | Pat iothen F747 ee eyen ; tat) eyes ety arn pt ae aA ah TSBs aes ey Seaview ' , + = R IN@, 233. ARISTIDA DIVARICATA H. B. K. Rootstocks not seen. Roots rather stout, branching only below. Culms tufted, erect, branching only at the base, 1 to 3 feet high, minutely re- trosely scabrous, simple, most of its length taken up by the panicle. Leaves few, those of the stem 3 to 5; sheaths glabrous or minutely scabrous, imbricated, usually with a few long hairs at the apex; ligule a row of short hairs, with sometimes a few long ones intermixed; blades commonly 3 to 6 inches long, involute, usually glabrous beneath and scabrous above, never hairy. Root leaves similar, blades a little shorter. Inflorescence paniculate. Panicle usually 9 to 18 inches long, frequently sheathed at the base; rachis nearly terete, glabrous; branches long (the lowest commonly 5 inches), widely spreading, naked at the base, flat, scabrous on the margins; spike- lets borne singly, mostly short-peduncled, and appressed to the branches. Spikelets linear-subulate about 6 lines long (excluding the awns), somewhat compressed. Glumes 3; first and second nearly equal, slightly spreading, narrowly linear, acute, membranaceous, tawny and purple in color, compressed, 1-nerved, nerve scabrous on the back; third (flowering) coriaceous, closely involute into a slender- cylindrical tube, scabrous above, slightly shorter than the empty glumes, scarcely twisted at the apex, produced into 3 straight, terete, scabrous, awns slightly diverging when dry, two lateral ones about as long as the body of the glume, mid- dle one from one-half to twice longer. Rachilla elongated, between second and third glumes, to the length of $ line, densely short-villous. Flower single, hermaphrodite. Palet minute, lanceolate, 3 line long. Lodi- cules 2, shorter than the palet, linear-oblong. Stamens 3; anthers linear, # line long. Stigmas 2, cylindrical. Grain about 4 lines long, awl-shaped, tightly clasped .by the flowering glume. Rachilla disarticulating above the second glume. PuatE XXIII; a, spikelet, glumes spread apart and rhachilla separated at its point of disarticulation. The hairs on the apex of the sheaths are not shown, nor those on the rachilla above the second glume. The diameter of the tube of the flowering glume is often nearly twice as great. Grows on dry or sandy hills and plains, extending to southern California. fy < q j 4 A, A.Hoen & Co. Lith. Baltimore ARISTIDA DIVARICATA, H. B. K. = tl = : 7 ; u | f . < a . ‘ das ~ —_ * 4 ‘ i ; . i i 4 ie _— = * ° Ps ‘ an ; i ! . « — i . +s Oe j ~~ ' A Be * ¥ ‘ i} j x ' rt 7) Ss 3 ’ Pay - ty ee y 2 y i : = 5 ' ' i - \ , No. 24 STIPA FLEXUOSA Vasey. Culms closely set on a short horizontal rootstock with slender roots, erect, 14 to 3 feet high, slender, terete, smooth, unbranched. Leaves of the stem 2to 4; sheaths smooth, close, usually imbricated; blades about 1 line broad, a few inches to 1 foot long, involute or the upper flat, glabrous on the back, minutely pubescent on the upper surface, hairy at the angle of the ligule; hgules membranaceous, 1 to 2 lines long, lacerate when old, broader than the. blade. Inflorescence paniculate. Panicle 6 to 12 inches long, erect; rachis slender, ter- ete, glabrous; branches slender, flexuous, few-angled, scabrous, bearing towards the apex a few pedicelled spikelets. Spikelets single, 1-flowered, on pedicels about 2 lines long, lanceolate, awl-shaped when closed, 6 to 9 lines long exclusive of the awn. Glumes 3; first narrowly lanceolate, acute, membranaceous; glabrous, 1-nerved or with 2 lateral nerves at the base, hyaline above, green or purple below, as — long as the spikelet; second similar, about one-fifth shorter, 3- to 5-nerved; third (flowering) about 23 lines long closely involute about the flower into an awl-shaped terete body, villous on the outside, coriaceous at maturity, 5-nerved apex produced into a slender scabrous awn twisted in a right-handed spiral for about 5 lines, then bent, then twisted as before for about 34 lines, then bent, and above the second bend not twisted. Rachilla elongated between the second and third glumes to the length of # line, villous. Flower hermaphrodite. Palet about one-third the length of the glume, oblong, obtuse, hyaline. Stamens 3; anthers linear, 1 to 14 lines long, apex of each cell of the anther bearing a small tuft of hairs. Stigmas rather short, oblong. Grain awl-shaped, about 2 lines long, inclosed in the glume, rachilla disarticu- lating just above the second glume, detached portion ending in a sharp point. PLATE XXIV; a, and 0, spikelet, the parts spread open and the upper portions of the rachilla detached at the point of disarticulation. The figure does not show the regular bends in the awn, nor the tufts of hairs at the apex of the anther cells. This is more slender than S. avenacea, with smaller flowers, the flowering glume pubescent throughout, and the apex crowned with a row of white hairs, eS NAD AD) NORIO STIPA FLEXUOSA, Vasey. . f Ags 5 wat > i : f a ' ‘ ‘a } Ui € * Py see Pee) io) PEL ne Rely te co ete DOe tama Bi aig ae No. 25. MUHLENBERGIA DISTICHOPHYLLA Kunth. Rootstock not seen. Roots strong, branching rather early. Culms tufted, erect, 24 to 4 feet high, simple, glabrous, glaucous where not sheathed, stout, rigid. Leaves of thestem 2 to 4; sheaths long, usually imbricated, not hairy, commonly minutely roughened; blade 3 to 12 inches long, about 1 line wide, flat and keeled or conduplicate, harsh, scabrous on the midrib and margins, glaucous green; ligule membranaceous, narrow, long-acuminate, sometimes 3 inch long, fragile. Root leaves with sheaths mostly loose and compressed; sheaths sometimes 9 inches long, and the entire leaf exceeding 3 feet. Inflorescence paniculate. Panicle 8 to 18 inches long, erect, contracted; branches numerous, seldom exceeding 3 inches, scabrous as well as the rachis. Spikelets polygamous, very numerous, borne singly on slender scabrous pedicels, about 1 line long, linear-oblong, obtuse or acute. Glumes 3; first and second nearly equal, membranaceous, tawny, often purple at the base, about 1 line long, slightly scabrous on the back, acute, or sometimes obtuse and erose at the apex, l-nerved, rarely with 2 rudimentary lateral nerves; third (flowering) similar to the others, densely pilose below, with a strong middle nerve and usually 2 indistinct ones on either side; middle nerve in the hermaphrodite spikelets produced, from below the apex of the glume, into a slender, scabrous, terete, somewhat flexuous, purple awn 4 to 6 lines long; glume of the staminaté spikelets awnless. ; Flowers single in the spikelets. Palet of staminate flower thin, membranaceous, lanceolate, with 2 very slender approximate nerves, slightly hairy on the back; stamens 3, anthers linear, nearly as long as the spikelets. Palet of hermaphrodite flower similar to the other; stamens 3, anthers linear, nearly as long as the spike- let; ovary globular, styles long, stamens cylindrical. Grain linear-oblong, brown, inclosed in the glume and palet; rachilla disarticu- lating above the second glume. PLATE XXV; 1, male plant; 2, hemaphrodite plant; a, staminate spikelet; b, first and second glumes of the same; c, third (flowering) glume, palet, and stamens of the same; f, hermaphrodite flower; d, first and second glumes of the same; e, third (flowering) glume, palet, and stigmas of the same. In the hermaphrodite flower the stamens are not shown. A coarse, strongly rooted, perennial grass, perhaps having agricultural value, It is one of the grasses called saccato. A.Hoen 4 Co. Lith. Baltimerc MUHLENBERGIA DISTICHOPHYLLA, Munro. Ai a se j Lf wh. er : t vt fie Ee Oe Lap * c j $ : Pi No. 26. MUHLENBERGIA GRACILIS Trinius. Rootstocks short, ascending. Culms tufted, erect, 9 to 24 inches high, unbranched above the base, glabrous. Leaves all radical; sheaths of the outer ones short (1 to 3 inches long), loose, flattened, slightly scabrous on the back, inner longer and sheathing, uppermost usually reaching to, and sheathing, the inflorescence; blade 6 inches or less long, in line with the sheaths, usually involute, scabrous on the back, glabrous above; ligule membranaceous, about 4 to $ inch long, at the base broader than the blade, apex slender-acute and often lacerate, the whole shriveled when old. Inflorescence paniculate. Panicle sheathed or long-pedunculate, 2 to 7 inches long, erect or nearly so; rachis scabrous; branches scabrous, 2 inches long or less, nearly erect. Spikelets lanceolate, acute, 2 lines long exclusive of the awn, borne singly on short pedicels. Glumes 3; first lanceolate, acuminate-aristate, 1-nerved, scabrous on the back, about 1 line long, lead-colored below, hyaline above; second slightly longer, sim- ilar in texture, scabrous on the back, ovate-oblong, truncate, 3-nerved, nerves pro- duced into aristate points; third (flowering) lanceolate, involute, 1-nerved or with two additional nearly marginal nerves, scabrous on the back, ciliate on the mar- gins, as long as the spikelets, straw-colored, with a lead-colored apex tapering into a not twisted slender, scabrous, flexuous awn about 4 inch long. Flower single, hermaphrodite. Palet lanceolate, slightly shorter than its glume, obtuse when flattened, 2-nerved, scabrous on the back. Stamens 3; an- thers linear, about 1 line long. Stigmas cylindrical, purple. Grain not seen. Palet and glume coriaceous when old. PLATE XXVI; a and b, spikelet, the parts spread open, and the rachilla broken above the second glume; c, second glume; d, first glume; e, same as Db, showing the back of the flowering glume. This species is common on stony ridges or hills from Mexico to Montana, and a small form occurs in California. PLATE XXVI Hoen & Co. Lith. Baltimore. MUHLENBERGIA GRACILIS, Trin. et t a ae ‘ j a ryt ont 07 ies INO; Wr: EPICAMPES MACROURA Bentham. Rootstock ascending, thick. Roots strong, little branched. Culms tufted, erect, 23 to 35 feet high, glabrous, simple. Leaves of the root several; sheaths mostly loose above and involute, 6 to 9 inches long, glabrous ; blade inserted on the back of the sheath, erect, commonly 1 foot long, glabrous, usually involute; ligule 3 to 6 lines long, lanceolate, coriaceous below, membranaceous above and on the margins, broader than the blade, appear- ing as a direct continuation of the sheath. Leaves of the stem 2 to 3, similar to those of the root ; sheaths imbricated and mostly clasping ; blade frequently much shorter. Inflorescence paniculate. Panicle short-pedunculate, erect, usually 8to 16inches long; rachis terete, scabrous, branches imbricated, 1 to 4 inches long, nearly erect, scabrous, bearing the spikelets singly on short scabrous pedicels. Spikelets nearly terete, lanceolate and acute when closed, about 1 line long. Glumes 3; first and second nearly equal, two-thirds the length of the spikelet, oblong-lanceolate, acute or acuminate, 1-nerved, scabrous on the back; third (flowering) similar in texture, a little longer, oblong, obtuse and bifid at the apex, with a short scabrous awn or mucro from the angle, 3- to 5-nerved, scabrous on the back. Flowers single, hermaphrodite. Palet equaling the third glume, oblong, ob- tuse, 2-nerved, rarely scabrous. Stamens 3; anther linear, #to 1 line long. Styles distinct, short; stigmas about half the length of the anthers, oblong, the fimbriz long. Grain dark brown, linear-oblong, obtuse or acutish at base and apex, terete, in- closed in the flowering glume and palet; rachilla disarticulating above the second glume. PuatE X XVII; a, first (on the right) andsecond glume ; 6, flowering glume (on the right) and palet, open to show the stamens and pistil. Thestyles are much too long, while the stigmas should be twice as long and nearly four times broader. This is another of the grasses called saccato, or saccatone. PILATES Sxexeval ca PTS ONS anal alates in: mn RS EPICAMPES MACROURA, Benth. A.Hoen & Co. Lith, Baltimore } ya _ 7 ; a : . 5 : 7 : a A : : oJ : , Tau ri) No. 28. EPICAMPES RIGENS Bentham. Rootstocks rather slender, ascending. Roots rather stout, little branched. Stems tufted, erect, commonly 2 to 6 feet high, glabrous, simple. Leaves of the root few; sheath glabrous or slightly scabrous above, usually clasping, seldom ex- ceeding 5 inches in length; blade elongated, often exceeding 1 foot, usually in- volute, scabrous; ligule about 1 line long, truncate, margin minutely ciliate. Leaves of the stem 2 to 4, similar; sheaths mostly long and imbricated, often ex- ceeding 1 foot. Inflorescence paniculate. Panicle spike-like, 6 to 12 inches long, commonly + to § inch in diameter, usually sheathed at the base; branches 1 inch long or less, appressed to the terete scabrous rachis. Branches and pedicels scabrous. | Spikelets lanceolate, narrowed at the base, terete, acute at the apex, 14 to 2 lines long, borne singly on the pedicels, rachilla pilose between the second and third glumes. ‘ Glumes 3; first and second nearly equal, lanceolate-oblong, obtuse or acute, l-nerved, scabrous, two-thirds the length of the spikelet; third (flowering) broadly lanceolate when spread open, acute, 3--to 5-nerved, scabrous, with neither awn or mucro, hyaline below, usually lead-colored above. Flower hermaphrodite, single. Palet lanceolate, equaling its glume, 2-nerved, acute at the apex. Stamens 3; anthers linear, about 1 line long. Stigmas short, long-fimbriate. Grain not seen. Rachilla probably disarticulating above the second glume. PLatE XXVIII; a and 6b, spikelet, opened and the parts separated; c, same, closed and facing in the opposite direction. The ovary is more than five times too long, and was probably drawn from a half matured specimen. This is a coarse grass growing in dense clumps, and is also sometimes called saccato, It does not extend far northward, PLATE XXVIII WSs SG EO 4.Hoen & Co. Lith. Baltinore. EPICAMPES RIGENS, Benth. Reg rT hays is Gud ee X \ i Lyx vena Liu sical aya hike Mais paery B44 < Bade athe A ark eaee } | He ed apie Hk aise 1 ha ae wel he sbaesd aoysi! yes Wage os sh ade ag F) i Cine neal wits aa i io ar vb iG Fey vba? Railton “$a a ie a, mai i ou ela iis SU PeEs Spel gite, WR oh . foto suede here: Sail | Dai bseecie bay tie wis * a4 ipaatial: Bodoni) 6 teens wid: ie AD oes LGA NTA ea “a ase (s: Sy, by reuse ienate ey 5 see ft hat na Rit Benita a ah “ ay ' nneeip? nt tind nya! RAN Paty risa Sofiia ite rash Meee ah te on seen “ve Pati, A vi Wyatt ey HELMS ETE 2 yah Gs. if Ee ee > 4 PURINE a ra ART Pe re fi vote ey ite, beh pre Lia ae ana tH it, sit iL: iat L pi tee ar ay ioe Beach: hive Tea pant iy i eae ESR Fart ive) tig fa. ‘a ‘tales ALi a See, ' id ; mi i oie i ¥ x att Gan lie oe Na $ | ea ty i ie * { OO. ae td oe Hein, re evibys oe 4 hit p i Cie fae oot hare at nee mic bis apart | ‘ z aaa ait Sh : th ‘ A+ BEE Et ‘ ; 8 Tat a £553 | } \y f J No. 29. CHLORIS ALBA Presl. Plant annual. Root slender, numerous. ® Culms branching from the base and lower axils, procumbent at the base, rarely rooting at the lower nodes, glabrous, commonly 13 to 3 feet high, often less. Leaves 4 to 8 on the stem; sheaths glabrous, more or less bladdery-inflated, often loose, usually not contiguous; blades 1 to 23 lines broad, 9 inches long or much shorter, flat, glabrous beneath, scabrous on the margins and above. Inflorescence a sheathed or pedunculate cluster of sessile spikes. Spikes 5 to 15, 2 to 34 inches long, only slightly spreading; rachis filiform, terete, straight, scabrous; spikelets closely set, sessile, in 2 rows along one side. — Spikelets compressed, 2-flowered; lower flower hermaphrodite; upper staminate or reduced to a sterile glume, 14 to 2 lines long (exclusive of awns and hairs). Glumes 4; first one-third to one-half the length of the spikelet, lanceolate, acute or obtuse, membranaceous, 1-nerved, nerve scabrous; second about two-thirds the length of the spikelet, lanceolate, acute, membranaceous, its single nerve scab- rous and produced into an aristate point nearly reaching the apex of the spikelet; rachilla pilose between the second and third glumes; third (flowering) obovate, compressed, apex narrowed making the glume hooded, pilose in irregular areas on the back, or glabrous, the margin short-pilose below, and on either margin near the apex long-pilose, hairs two-thirds as long as the spikelet, apex of the glume produced into a slender, scabrous, straight, not twisted awn two to three times the length of the spikelet; sterile glume similar in shape to the flowering glume, but smaller and glabrous, with a nearly equal awn. Rudiment of a third flower sometimes present. Flower hermaphrodite. Palet oblanceolate, 2-nerved, margins folded inward. Stamens 3; anthers small, sagittate-lanceolate, + line long; stigmas small, cylin- drical. Flower of sterile glume sometimes wanting, sometimes represented only by a palet, rarely by stamens also. Grain narrowly fusiform, acute at both ends, ? to 1 line long, inclosed in the flowering glume, the rachilla disarticulating above the second glume. PuaTE X XIX; a and 8, spikelet, rachilla broken at the point of disarticula- tion, and the parts spread open. Ina the shorter glume should be on the right and below, the longer on the left. In 6, the sterile glume and the rudiments of a third flowering glume are shown. This species is common in the southern parts of this region, and still more common in Mexico. TENUUNAD ID) SOTADC A-Hoen & Co. Lith. Baltimore. CHLORIS ALBA, Presi. vals yi | ay i ; ‘ >, Neal eee . we. ; Te mie hn ait fie i ay ee i , tial 4 a) i eyo al fa Pa 0) ore — 7 i ! hs ye oo a ¥ 1 H i! ; iv t . Fs oi) ca ci ; ‘sh iis ne i = te cae ie oie . aN eee, ROSES TN ah SB |) brag. ek Cache) bidvetnapes 1h) Bein vi ot ens gel ry ta ae 2 i t Lyk aie cia Pape oy Pare tieg th eA ey, A rials Ness alae ail Al vst F : a stuns an 5 ie bibnat mt ee it nae } vo} AO Ver No. 30. CHLORIS CILIATA Swartz, va. TEXANA Vasey n. var. Plant annual. Culms tufted, erect, compressed, glabrous, branching only at the base. Leaves of the stem 3 to 5; sheaths not contiguous, glabrous, conspicuously striate, rarely loose; blades 1 to 24 lines wide, 9 inches or less long, flat or some- times involute, scabrous on the margins. Inflorescence a short-pedunculate cluster of 4 to 6 sessile spikes. Spikes 23 to 35 inches long, slightly spreading; spikelets in 2 rows along one side of the slen- der scabrous rachis, inserted in each row at intervals of about $ line. Spikelets 1 to 14 lines long, truncate-cuneate, compressed. Glumes 4; first and second lanceolate-oblong, acute, 1-nerved (nerves scabrous on the back) first about one-half the length of the spikelet, second nearly as long as the spikelet and with a short scabrous point; third (flowering) glume very broadly oblong, acute, 3-nerved (2 lateral nerves nearly marginate), sharply folded down the middle, densely long-pilose on the median nerve and on the middle third of the marginal nerves, bearing below the apex a short straight scabrous awn about one-half the length of the spikelet; fourth (sterile) glume broadly truncate- cuneate, 3-nerved, glabrous, folded down the middle, awned like the flowering glume. 2 or 3 additional successively smaller rudiments of glumes, of similar shape but unawned, often present. Rachilla short-pilose between the second and third glumes. Flower single, hermaphrodite. Palet ovate, acute, 2-nerved, margins folded inward, nerves ciliate, body of the palet curved inward transversely and outward longitudinally. Stamens 3; anthers ovate-sagittate, + line long. Stigmas cylin- drical. Gram notseen. Rachillawhen mature disarticulating above the second glume. PLATE XXX; a, spikelet; b and c, same, with the parts spread open and the rachilla broken at the point of disarticulation. This variety (?) differs conspicuously from the type in the longer spikes; but we lack authentic specimens for comparison. It was collected near Brownsville, Texas, and probably is not found far from the coast. PLATE Xxx A Hoen & Co. tuth. Baltimore CHLORIS CILIATA, Swartz, Var. = mS a want | Ae it rs im wl SDs a! j No. 31. CHLORIS CUCULLATA Bischoff. Plant annual. Culms erect, at the base procumbent, 9 to 24 inches high, somewhat compressed or nearly terete, glabrous, branched only at the base. Leaves of theroot numerous ; sheaths 3 inches long or less, glabrous, compressed, glaucous, with conspicuous membranaceous margins, the outer loose; blades 1 to 9 inches long, # to 14 lines wide, usually longitudinally folded, glaucous, scabrous on the midrib margins and upper surface, apex abruptly acute or mucronate; lig- ule about $line long, membranaceous, minutely ciliate at the apex. Leaves of the stem 2 to 4, similar to those of the root; sheaths not contiguous, upper more or less inflated ; blade of the uppermost leaf often very small. Inflorescence a more or less long-peduncled cluster of sessile spikes. Spikes 7 to 16, 1 to 2 inches long; spikelets borne in 2 rows along one side of the slender, scabrous rachis, inserted in each row at intervals of about 2 line. Spikelet slightly less than 1 line long, of the form of an equilateral triangle. Glumes 4; first and second oblong-lanceolate, hyaline, 1-nerved, nerve green — and usually glabrous, apex acute or obtuse, first about 4 line long, second } to $ line ; third (flowering) glume compressed, 3-nerved, short-ciliate on the keel and intramarginal nerves, otherwise glabrous, bearing below the apex a minute scab- rous awn 4 line long, each half of the glume oval, bluntly acute at either end; fourth (sterile) glume compressed, glabrous, awned similarly to the third, 5- to 7- nerved, the lateral nerves distant from the middle nerve, each half of the glume wedge-truncate, as broad as long, apex and free margin involute. Rudiment of a fifth glume usually present. Flower single, hermaphrodite. Palet oval, 2-nerved, apex broadly notched, nerves ciliate, intramarginal, the narrow margins inflexed. Stamens 3; anthers ovate, sagittate, minute. Stigmas short, cylindrical. Grain oblong, acute at both ends, loosely inclosed inits glume and palet, upper portion of the spikelet falling away together, rachilla disarticulating above the second glume. PLATE XX XT; aandb, spikelet, the parts opened and the rachilla broken at the point of disarticulation. The flowering glume (to the left in b) should be ciliate on the back and the awn scabrous. The sterile glume (on the right in b) should be similarly awned, and the palet should be ciliate on the margins, T2ILVANIDIS, NOONE CHLORIS CUCULLATA, Bisch. A Hoen & Co. Lith. Baltimore. i ey Coe A st, ap Me ADM Pi fiat iy hy ai HF Sy iy) ae hes akg i¥ L hk viet ‘i a) PER sty PRR A Hast i pas hanna We fe ff bg -M v fae te Jif : i edits, By gen) hn i og Outed it ae } mee DANY ta i i hay ; aah ape i was { re uy No. 382. CHLORIS GLAUCA Vasey. Plant annual, entirely glabrous. Culm single, erect, 2 to 4 feet high, glabrous, unbranched. Leaves of the root numerous; sheath very closely compressed, equitant, widely diverging, about 3 lines wide when folded, 8 inches or less long, continuing into the blade with a mere slight contraction at the mouth; blade folded below, flat above, keeled, 3 to 4 lines wide,4 to 12 inches long, abruptly obtuse at the apex; second, third, and usually fourth internodes of the culm very short, their leaves similar to those of the root and appearing to start from the first node of the stem. Suc- ceeding leaves 1 or 2, with longer close sheaths; blade nearly wanting. Inflorescence an erect, pedunculate, umbellate cluster of 8to 15 spikes. Spikes 3 to 5 inches long; rachistriangular, scabrous; this and the first and second glumes greenish straw-color, remainder of the spikelets very dark brown or black. Spikelets in 2 rows on one side of the rachis, inserted alternately, those in each row at intervals of about 4 line, 1 line long. Glumes 4; first 2 line long, ovate-lanceolate, acute, insequilateral, with 1 rigid scabrous nerve; second 1 line long, linear, notched at the apex, nerved like the first, nerve produced into a short deflexed scabrous mucro, mucros sec- und along the edge of the spike; third (flowering) glume compressed, scabrous toward the apex, each half oblong, acute; fourth (sterile) glume obovate, truncate, scabrous along the upper margin, rolled into a tube. Flower single, hermaphrodite. Palet oblanceolate-oblong, notched at the acute apex, 2-nerved, with additional inflexed membranaceousmargins. Stamens 3; anthers oblong-linear, 4 line long, notched at the apex. Stigmas short cylindrical. Grain oblong, acute at either end, triangular in cross-section ; rachilla disar- ticulating above the second glume. Plate XX XI1; a and b, spikelet opened to show the parts; rachilla broken at the point of disarticulation. The leaf belonging to the uppermost node of the stem is not shown. Notr.—This species was inserted here, by mistake, instead of Chloris Swart- ziana Doell. (Chloris petrea Swz.), which occurs in Texas near the coast. It is much less robust, with narrower leaves, fewer spikes (3 to 5), and some difference in the flowers. It is possible, however, that both species may occur, although Chloris glauca is principally known from Florida, : = es 2 ar ae eT ER A.Hoen & Co, Lith. Boltimore. CHLORIS GLAUCA, Vasey. Tota se : o 4 ; : ig, ¢ stp wy? ef tae, | or te 2) ee eee a . 7% “ AN ity hij Lae ie i fay ie bt [ rh ca ed a Lriw 3 i 1 ‘ et \" . y 4 7a : € r YA oD REND TPUTh ee ies a MIG TC! » Par tet. anat y rot freshen MUI \aXe } ae i Oe eee a f * ae - _ 4 WAM ich mee Mie is h ie TEP se ¥ i vy i; . 4. A : ’ Re re! ee We ewig Aye) eeehn even tr By ‘ 4 , Gat ed oe hed Sra f a rel Wert an 17} ‘3 ODE BiB 1 ¥ilal: | : i i? op i + ‘ by i aeohrid i Pay “ogre. , cred “ Wes) | / j " PeetsrT09 at ’ Mee q wou i 7 ee a! mn " eee ayy y { caTy A we » “ ible’ . ee, Ee Oe oe ee ae ot’ * - : ; Ae i ORT ERSOMOLY CPR ULAR bun PALES RY ING f yy to YR Sy 4) Mt ‘ . ‘ \ L cy | : S ‘nth * eee hs . en ‘ PH ORT PAE RO SOTA, Chel ae MD ! fornle Py ery elt, Lise Evel tara Tien em Tyah TRY LE rai oe ie i) oe ust ot REM? RATA ECIeh aD Hen en Ciads, tT ate otieriut ; 1g Bh i jet aebt ED EMAL, it i Merhertigses reat id \ D vi ue Re iarentd sees ruts rat 7 She re eae cit } ' 1 Pet i" Hl , . eS q ri 7 : al é + " 7 oe . ; sT rae ier e Tere lh) WF Lig ten hfe iin ERE ET Ag tare) Mall Or ROONEY a be a 4 / wee ee ‘ Pe , bolbarriri 1% “i t q 4 tea? iy. » i ¥ ‘oy Twa lserke ee, . ; ch t i i f i . ae) "AG ne n 4 { ra " 4 * WO, 3B: CHLORIS VERTICILLATA Nuttall. Plant annual. Culms single or few in a tuft, 10 to 16 inches high, branching at the base, the branches commonly sterile, spreading below. Leaves sometimes obtuse, but usually acuminate, at the apex; sheath provided at the throat, especially near the margin within, with a few long slender hairs. Inflorescence short-pedunculate or sometimes sheathed below. Spikes 8 to 14, 4 to 6 inches long, often naked at the base, clustered at the apex of the stem and at that point hairy, or a few verticillate branches in 1 or 2 series on a prolon- gation of the axis. Spikelets arranged in 2 rows on one side of the slender, sca- brous rachis, at intervals in each row of about 2 to 24 lines. Spikelet about 1% lines long, cuneate-obovate, compressed. Glumes 4; first and second with 1 scabrous nerve, first as long as the spike- let, lanceolate, aristate-acute; second with a longer point, exceeding the spikelet; third (flowering) glume 3-nerved, bearing a slender scabrous awn (4 to 5 lines long) below the apex, broadly oblong, bluntly acute at each end, short-pilose on the mid- rib and intramarginal nerves, elsewhere glabrous; fourth (sterile) glume broadly obovate, nearly truncate, 3-nerved, glabrous, with an awn 3 to 4 lines long; small fifth glume, similar in form to fourth, usually present. Flower sometimes single, hermaphrodite. Palet narrowly oblong, 2-nerved, nerves ciliate and margins inflexed. Stames 3; anthers minute. Stigmas cylin- drical. Flower often present in the axil of the fourth glume, sometimes her- maphrodite, sometimes reduced to an empty palet. Grain not seen. PLATE XX XIII; a, spikelet opened to show the parts, the rachis broken. The figure represents an unexpanded panicle; when expanded, the branches are spread at right angles with the axis. A.Hoen & Co. Lith. Baltimore. CHLORIS VERTICILLATA, Wutt. Set ereay (ie O40 Rial adh ne sipeocin ice ith: “i Pert) wy {bila aad he) why tlp Hiei AREER OAS ee Sith a prey 4 Aa, be i ie set ze Heh mini set SoHan A Papo iumios | Nese, © Be tk rch bunch salts 4) ive whi AC MDE % igstirl Las heh ar ‘ight ae. Prercnl {Hve mila ats AMM any i) 1 Ka Fi hatte! ALGtE sae! mtity Ao ; Biel ee Jad od ih bedi yee a age yak r a , aw a pctrene a ro) Nien Weed Uke wiley eit ah 2 Ah he ay) a ‘do baie he HAE ds Saha deg ty Ms vl Y oy 1 jtalerls Oe Piet; a Alapcuse apie pout Moy peli moet hy. Tastee bak ie anon Kaila, wh SMa AE, f einai medi apy Hii restive ila wy VOLE thee b eokeial spe Sette jt MrENY be amntbivity: Fait iustel { Gh Nes ¢ tarts’ selva Fi Realise iy 1 eet) ine Rycdets Ns ii 4) ht Padre i 4 ie ia fered saa Lge Wa ERs ay 4a haben ny re tal ee id = a haar tctte PAs heey ‘ait, teeny he ean) SALADS ee paint 1 Rishi heat apy ia ne pe Pi Ce a, Pie ee Sie P vig) Bitviti CUM EURPC SST TAGs eet oa DN TA Fass vio tinh ti Haag i tty IEP Y vei ro Cte od be AA Pt in VA fie a se a PUR. DR Le eo Caer ‘ pike ¥ ; t 2: Fipeneenk i ih Bigait he bande af Uae fa ®: Lf sg, bee Se set ' "aT yy niet a Seid GL i abe hed f;' i re vi wnsit valk itt tad Pheanginieen 5 OA Spry er be tad Be Hiylye mitt Bi Bmpiitye. tas hes a a minke Le anit ig 12 7 “wey j ss it fGconnibsr se i i Ree f-aikiwe a pees i mnie Hee Ltt viii = ——, ee ee ee No. 34. BOUTELOUA. The genus Bouteloua, which includes those grasses popularly called grama grass, is a very large one in the Southwest, embracing many species, both annuals and perennials. They are nearly all nutritious and valuable for pasturage. The gen- eral characters of the inflorescence are as follows: 1 or several-flowered spikes single at the apex of the culm, or several disposed in a raceme; these spikes closely crowded or loosely imbricated with spikelets arranged on one side of the rachis in 2 rows; spikelets usually consisting of 1 perfect flower and a pedicel (bearing 1 to 3 stiff awns, and usually a few imperfect glumes with the awns) ; one or two additional imperfect flowers rarely present in the spikelet ; flowering glumes variously lobed at the apex, lobes terminating with awns. The several species present a great diversity in the details of these general features. BOUTELOUA ARENOSA Vasey. Plant annual. Roots few, fibrous. Culms in tufts, erect or decumbent, simple or geniculate and branching below, slender, 6 to 10 inches long. Leaves sparse; sheath loose, shorter than the internode, striate ; ligule conspicu- ous, strongly ciliate ; blade 4 to 1 line wide, 1 to 2 inches long, long-acuminate. Panicle 2 to 2} inches long, composed of 3 or 4, mostly one-sided sessile spikes, 4 to # inches long, erect, or somewhat recurved, consisting of about 20 spikelets arranged alternately on the narrow flattened rachis. Spikelets imbricated, each with 1 perfect and 1 rudimentary flower, about 3 lines long including the awns. Empty glumes thin, smooth, 1l-nerved, oblong-lanceolate, 1 to 15 lnes long, upper usually the longer, both acute and sometimes toothed at the apex and ter- minated with a short awn; flowering glume woolly externally, dividing into 2 lateral and 1 central awn, body about 1 line long, extending into 2 narrow teeth or lobes rather shorter than the awns, lateral awns nearly 2 lines long, cen- tral one somewhat shorter. Palet narrower than its glume, 2- to 4-toothed, 2-nerved, nerves extended into awns. Imperfect flower inclosed by the flowering glume, consisting of 3 long awns at the summit of a short hairy pedicel, 2 of the awns having each a rudi- mentary scale at the base. PLATE XXXIV; a, spikelet enlarged ; b, empty glumes; c, flowering glume; d, palet ; e, imperfect flower. The specimens were from loose sandy soil, at Guaymas on the Gulf of California. LEM ENA DIS, DONG DE A.Hoen & Co. Lith. Baltimore. BOUTELOUA ARENOSA, Vasey. cht Ka Feablontreirie Ribu aT 1a 4 cue clan bipn yerny’ Ey sibs @: ate jaa! 3 ah angelarob si ahha? ri HR tihg a sit . cw a1 3918) Dy, rt 1h: Daher adult toni | yan pil: athe vy z "Hi ae zis, ul 4: 7] wy v FAW i. . lal Jase heh ev), eal ist) ; 4 fo ‘i ode et jaye ste: cee Nea wh pe lF i fc aed Wd’ SaPhiny teden path ah i feet yn iia amon Pei oaiteh ‘ j atest aa bie A tate ene y pais ie ay Saival tt i aya ag anit pe E ; ep ie jeriathe PP hs ete ie a A HA PAD ha i Rolo ECO ete a rea pea aaibretbue sire Aa mob Misdhdsjoh E ipvanes veetions. iti! i wae, a: “ft Ae yiusann ack eri, Poy ey ie ol rity Hh walgyen’sth 7k en Fhipite a) Bee SH. se hi Mh drvin aM ; 4 pega Be told ig pleut Sbtasl tos or AY bite apg ign Biv eqn wilh aan Aaleohiqe ne , * - . fag SA) PCa ra te b iad vc uy abs i ae ees ami: 7 eld inate i Avi Diet ¢! Renae ai eH SKIT? Obie HER eh , Hoey {tte ; rit ~~ No. 35. BOUTELOUA ARISTIDOIDES Thurber. Plant annual. Culms erect or decumbent, frequently geniculate and branching, slender, grow- ing in clusters, very variable in development, often fruiting when a few inches high, sometimes reaching 2 feet in height. Leaves with blades varying with the size of the plant from 1 to3 or 4inches in length, very narrow, erect, finely pointed ; sheath short, striate, smooth except a few long hairs at the top; ligule a short, ciliate ring. Panicles racemose, terminal and lateral, mostly 2 to 4 inches long, and consist- ing of 10 to 12 narrow, nearly sessile flower-spikes, these generally one-sided, in age spreading or horizontal, or even reflexed. Spikes 4 to ¢ inch long, on short hairy pedicels; each spike with 2 to 4 closely appressed spikelets, lowest with- out the imperfect flower and pedicel. Spikelets 3 lines long. Lower empty glume linear or awl-shaped, one-half as long as the stouter upper one ; this 3 lines long, 1-nerved, somewhat pubescent on the back ; flowering glume linear-lanceolate, acuminate, 3-nerved, 3-toothed at the apex. Palet a little shorter, 2-nerved, 2-toothed. Rudimentary flower consisting of 3 long awns on a short pedicel, wanting in the lower spikelet. PLATE XXXV; a, spike; b, empty glumes; c, flowering glume; d, flowering glume of the lowest spikelet; e, palet ; f, rudiment. This species springs up in great abundance after the summer rains, and for a short time furnishes a large amount of food for stock on the ranges. It is one of the so-called six-weeks grasses. CX JEU LVANAID ID, > BOUTELOUA ARISTIDOIDES, Thurb. 7) meee cay a LirHle « Anas, Mebahvont & ie 5 biter tity) aniton ®iatd whe hier eae) Jes Lipari nes) on) Sahai, Avene arate | ; id Ee eee pales sd iP ume iier ain, Py o ashi jolie uaeeanity, bd a ret T Th sere a gen ters incu beg “" Hasina Mo, Sarre aw Te, HCD TH meatal AES RY, Fes er i nis eit pH gt sia if Ponts vier” bialoodyset ek Raa | if een | af rae Pao! pace Age deny ‘mei “ eg Prism re (nds sipt ey is: Pe Drrea i sith, re etka eI a ay Ma vi bites +e 5 toh : ivy AY Sogn PKs SS oe : im ais sh No. 36. BOUTELOUA BURKE! Scribner. Rootstock short, strongly rooted, thickly covered with the crowded culms. Culms slender, 4 to 8 inches high, with 3 to 4 nodes each. Leaves mostly crowded at the base, small, 3 to 14 inches long, 4 line wide; ligule very short, ciliate ; sheaths narrow, mostly shorter than the internodes. Inflorescence racemose-spicate, about one-third the length of the plant, con- sisting of about 5 spikes horizontal or even reflexed in age. Spikes $ to ~ inch long, of 10 to 15 spikelets, arranged in 2 rows on one side of the rachis. Spikelets about 3 lines long including the awns. Empty glumes 2, lanceolate, 1-nerved, smooth, nearly equal; body of the flowering glume less than 1 line long, nearly as broad, pubescent on the back, divid- ing into 3 lobes extended into awns ; Palet narrow, 2-nerved, 2-dentate at apex; imperfect flower consisting of 3 awns on a short, smooth pedicel. PLATE XXXVI; a, spike; b, spikelet; c, empty glumes; d, flowering glume; e, palet ; f, imperfect flower. This species is closely related to B. trifida, which is somewhat larger, the empty glumes narrower and unequal, and the flowering glume longer and smooth. 12 MENA 1D), IKRNORWAL A-Hoen & Co. Lith. Baltimore. BOUTELOUA BURKEI, Scrib. Prt AGOIONIS. AtiostarTh Cn ce) >a ; Tibi ms icin isa seme at : fs Es ; ¥ im ils feat ota ao reap). aah \ aM fise aos wane ay Astiat sed WG ry ay MUP, he e caer, ¥ ed eee by ; a “4 by Ti Sates RATT: YC on oh etn ahi led teat Ves h Ue OT age T PT a dee ye sah. , ag delwris de.) ee Wada eve pitantte np iy Na nm Binanepiie reg afin BAY Srnec ban ibign 44 a . pre: ya ooakasitiins aah pepo s id 1a if aaes BG aay ye nlf wy " pent snibivaunt rf yi ee Vii dep ytahy Bui me Ag * De pple ae ait easel eal Bb het WeyRrOT sees se ent) ty ioe See spender cpavsl Hig Wed AF ate || iit Sosteeptelet Aisa |, inane? ip hvrtbil ies et tld His , Be). Ha m Rede MA anys basksiirt *: Oe mt. 6 wnat HCN ae cy Hk Dink ty a Han eps bl) A Yebeg nis Ra arr pagent bn eat el ee 2490 ye sy Tet Fata Be me. ie ee one a9 i eae a OCH i y Nia Must eits ity aan inns) ter i Ret) erat te ee i aes SALEM “eae ed bah aie LOL tee if Tyee a “< Pye eet itt os vanere Ts oF bsg his hight ae BS A AO Ae cS ae ea Sed M ft Dita! aaa deeiah Ph acs Yo aes capi 2) ens ay Bey Pte Bag Sees ar: ; : sj Bite He TO eae valinn W wal, sant iitnicin th At berrtaeTes Anarhit ie AFIS AD ARAN vo) caBR DY } te ee ; ie 8 ey BATORG eke Sitti) Poul whe ee eaia e te y eae 7 Ss d he ii ik ' Le Sh Py ' ; ; a os | he mh 4 the , . 4 of 1 i j , ' ert a ns p j eter ; ' o] ha No. 37. BOUTELOUA ERIOPODA Torrey. Perennial, strongly rooted. Culms rather weak, straggling, often decumbent and rooting at the lower joints, 1 to 3 feet long, lower part of the culm and sheaths woolly-pubescent, par- ticularly near the roots. Leaves of the stem 5 or 6; blades narrow, short, 2 to 3 inches long, 1 to 2 lines wide, or from proliferous shoots, sometimes from 4 to 6 inches long; sheaths much shorter than the internodes. Panicle racemose, 3 to 6 inches long, composed of 5 or 6 one-sided nearly sessile spikes; these 1 to 2 inches long, erect-spreading, each containing 15 to 20 spikelets. Spikelets each with 1 perfect and 1 imperfect flower, 4 to 5 lines long, includ- ing the awns. Perfect flower: outer empty glumes lanceolate, acuminate, 1l-nerved, very unequal, lower about one-half the length of the upper; flowering glume pubescent at the base, otherwise smooth, faintly 3-nerved, linear-oblong, 3 lines long, with 2 narrow teeth at the apex and a middle one prolonged into an awn 1 line long; palet nearly as long, narrower, 2-nerved, finely 2-toothed at the apex. Imperfect flower consisting of 3 slender awns on a pedicel, with a narrow tuft of hair below the united awns; whole 4 to 5 lines long. PuateE XXXVI: 1, plant of matured size; 2, panicle of a smaller plant; a, empty glumes; b, flowering glume, palet, stamens, pistil, and imperfect flower. This is the common black grama grass of southern New Mexico and Arizona, and is the most valuable grass of the mesas. PLATE XXXVIE AHoen & Co. Lith. Baltimore. BOUTELOUA ERIOPODA, Torr. - | ay 2 f ’ y . CS Pop :) ea’ 7 , . es, hie a wen? Ren WAR AUS Ia TICE t : ve ; ; é le “sy sescah els 2 in ay 0 * of lonccdiign: eau hu tnd uta i ak econ Se Riess Avigirt TRY ie palinid front iL Yag? eens 1 eer | . Beggs i 8 tower! (tad 3 fe bes: Heute, Pin pills a fpeaigadd Tne th m3 fy ' aes ren : aot ites iy Hi asl Ri Unesh bebe ea a) vane =u wes seca ile! vai i ot YT patie : Beir vane Hse) boy ops ny aire GURYE ara te ae. BINH ANS Siahvree uy PR) Amrentep nye ee ee itt btecnk aise? conan soba: a We evi ary: is RAEN | eee oF ie He art wild ap) seh | if Nis, Ficbhions oi hac’ 1en-& tevin dy 1b re Rea Ks wn L kniee 7 matol mit iy 7 ca : No. 38. BOUTELOUA HAVARDII Vasey. Rootstock short, roots very strong. Culms erect, 1 to 2 feet high, leafy at the base, sparsely leafy above. Lower leaves with the blades crowded, concave, rigid, rough on the margins and beneath, ciliate with short, rather distant, hairs; lower sheaths short, loose, striate; ligule a ring of short hairs; upper sheaths becoming much longer, blades shorter. Panicle 1} to 24 inches long, composed of 5 to 7 short, thickish, approximate spikes, with short, woolly pedicels; spikes about $ inch long, erect or spreading, consisting of 9 to 13 crowded spikelets on a hairy rachis. Spikelets 3 inches long beside the awns of the sterile flower, hairy. Empty glumes lanceolate, acuminate, unequal; upper one 3 lines long, with a thick midrib, pungent, twice as long as the lower, both beset on the back with long white hairs; flowering glumes oblong-lanceolate, 3-nerved, 3 lines long, 3-toothed at the apex, strongly ciliate on the margins. Palet about as long as its glume, 2-nerved, 2-toothed at the apex. Imperfect flower composed of 3 stout awns, 5 to 6 lines long, these hairy below and united at the summit of a naked pedicel. PLaTE XXXVIII: a, spikelet; b, flowering glume; ec, palet; d, imperfect flower. LENE VAN AMIR, NOTOIONAGHE BOUTELOUA HAVARDII, Vasey. | |A-Heen & Co. Lith. Baltimore. pe : #1) ngayon, Pose Ms OE Pee! we yi ie ah ile Pint aver % Wy a ee EAM ne ape Sioatate (HHA) nage ‘ yh VERS RY Mees De eee ; eMPeC DAI MAG a oS ie Pept ns owl vestige ee | yo, ia eee arn eae Siw ithe os: et Mies Ll peas, ny raat Aah é ‘ i " poe i deh anal ah dae ies ae Olay ai uel of ou 45) se fil 1 uel 1) / ay te iF is ie is: Pd ‘gh ERS noavad wR ke 4 CS e hae ‘KS iby be hah if ab Oa hp, ae if i Mi pe tie r nee 4; sent RG ITV Let ye, ial bedrhy: : ee OE OR Ae Ai ia ts 1m REN LS ay br i mt; iy enya tats sii ‘ elds elit ites £37 Cant. fiat se PEE RE ae 3 ’ aa eee? euyniee bain or 2 afi Saieuy vial WY Vines (ay waritd 4 " ir fake ae ie Lent Pen Bar iere Laid i hale Br ceo BL Maes ae nae “ chai hae en . ig i Sid a Sah Ode wy wal a } tie 7 H A A) Shia i a bid, ai ee nie a “hae 4 bok 3 { ‘ Sah Moe ; x a ” \ Pu j . 1 | (a Pe ; e , nk ‘ ; j i r pe : ih Tid 1 ay a i Slee ; a j Fe ’ y ‘ a x ne ; Re Jor i" j ay " ly A | * os ou i i ay oan 1 at i ¢ ey ai J 7 ° S = a re — : aye IN@, 38), BOUTELOUA HIRSUTA Lagasca. Roots fibrous, ceespitose. Culms erect, simple, or in var. minor geniculate and branching below. Leaves usually short, 1 to 4 inches long, narrow, sometimes ciliate on the mar- gins, produced into a long, fine point; lower sheaths short, upper longer, and with shorter blades. Panicle consisting of from 1 to 3 erect spikes, $ to 14 inches long. Spikelets about 3 lines long, hirsute, densely crowded on one side of the smooth rachis; this extended in a naked point beyond the flowers. Empty glumes unequal, lower about 1 line in length, narrowly lanceolate, acute, smooth; upper about 25 lines long, lanceolate, acuminate, awn-pointed, with a row of dark or black glands on either side of the midrib, each one emitting a long hair; flowering glume 2% lines long, including the awns, nearly smooth, oblong, lower half entire, upper divided into 3 lobes, each terminating in a short awn. Palet narrower, entire, 2-nerved. Imperfect flower on a short, smooth pedicel, consisting of 3 awns and 3 scales, awns extending a little beyond the perfect flower. PuaTE XXXIX: 1, typical plant; 2, var. minor; 3, var. major; a, empty glumes; b, perfect and imperfect flowers; c, flowering glume. Several forms are grouped under this species; the three principal ones being here illustrated. The species has a wide range, from Mexico northward to Mon- tana and east of the Mississippi in Illinois and Wisconsin. It is by no means as plentiful as B. oligostachya, and is less valuable as a forage grass, _ a54 IENEVNAD IS | OOO DS WH ///)))) WY) YL We. =, BZ ON NON AY WWW WH HU Ai a, 4) ff “= GMA A-Hoen & Co. Lith, Baltimore. BOUTELOUA HIRSUTA, Lag. apy thes i al a We suet Lopate dl as vera tiplin ia en abide dn abil: NE Yh \ Fan ioe pioasaye ito) MOKA tk on F ah ORL vit HM iat epliyys P) whe ee tsh> it MARIE, apf i Aah Rade a ae stan: Sh enigiey) , Dear 1 "3 Bees thes Hatt) font Zz Shy Aer oe act ge! Aer ne ae pee ROR? (ene ioveree Laak 1 mucigetennon Hone DON oti 2d Aes wena: la nf, 5 X Ng pea Ty iyts ide 4 Lal j Ary Alvaginl an Fe ibe: has ba welbntond Pao) pogo a eer es aN! ah Me aeret eddt 28? ‘ts Son het aie eH Fir Uy eae! HER ne. Hits RAGED vrs oy By ete sce tht Ye : eye Endt aed pr bee adit tsi wt 7 Ieop sei mae Rg gs 3 oer Hens ie dual” . a bee) GAtaL Sa nT I ee ae a woo auld ity, SMe Vie Pk Sue tee aie a ; f coe OO Gail eogiled. OF: ; de Ee are aur : ye a igi wifi ae ae heel Lene . . ios ; ed La re erg eda We Dike ST -- . ) ee ncahiahicak eth & ei A RNa Me aT: a ys ak tga hee! ‘ . fe ‘ ian. Px, bh gees poe! a > al isi 4 uM at Pes ate i rt Sataiah oy bac distiti ; ie en ei) LSy) : a tl) sth tiregh wi Teta Babin punt ethno nee te mit fa: i ee hy ae dni, fh gia” ath, aun pepe Oh AN Sey gated de uals » talidniyt ba ay Me ae <<. ae st ee 5 Pray! a re No. 40. BOUTELOUA HUMBOLDTIANA Kunth. Culms erect, rarely branching, firm, 15 to 20inches high, smooth, leafy below. Leaves: sheath open, striate, shorter than the internodes; lgule inconspic- uous; blade 1 to 2 lines wide, 3 to 6 inches long, scabrous especially on the mar- gins, often sparsely ciliate below. Inflorescence racemose, 3 to 4 inches long, consisting of about 7 to 9 one-sided, short-pedicelled spikes, lower ones 3 inch or more distant, others gradually shorter; . spikes about 4 inch long, each consisting of 7 to 9 smooth spikelets, somewhat loosely overlapping each other. Spikelets about 4 inch long, including the awns, smooth, consisting of 2 to 3 flowers, upper male, others perfect, or the lower 2 fertile and the upper reduced to an awn. Empty glwmes nearly equal, 3 to 4 lines long, keeled, lanceolate, acute; flower- ing glume of the lower flower 4 lines long, lanceolate, 3-nerved, 3-toothed, at the apex of the second flower similar, but with the teeth extended into long awns (2 to 3 lines long). Palet nearly as long as the glume, 2-nerved, 2-toothed at the apex. Third flower when present, sometimes with awns still longer, or imperfect or reduced. PLATE XL: a, spikelet; b, empty glumes; c, flowering glume of the fertile flower; d, palet of the fertile flower; c’, flowering glume of the second flower; d’, palet of thesecond flower. The sterile flower reduced toa small pedicel is seen in a. It is doubtful whether this plant, which has passed under the name B. Hum- boldtiana, is really identical with that described by Kunth. Our plant is more probably a form of B. bromoides Lag. In range it seldom extends north of New Mexico. PLATE XL A.Hoen & Co. Lith. Baltimore. BOUTELOUA HUMBOLDTIANA, Kunth. aS ay a is RASS) bin te eT | eG eae ata 3 abies 4 ji Re i ew 4 Ne i ye ie, ne eri] Vee SUES this ten Mii y Lou i ; ugh aw ae ea Td alti iien kal Aleticee spirited sib air 2) is Petite iaiid 351 Soy f = y f : ie re an reasin Pee? Wares LeRoi ek oa ¢ ; EY errr Sa ree pete 5% k : Ea Pai 5 : : at) let Arsverite ’ Pee ey OF rat ager, cen e TA ee i ' rahe : pesos | te wiokt ee He iB ethno ts BO OT GF Ages y = ; i ; ow ras ihe. Mytee: Se ES bi ag ME fits Mani Pee OW pd OA ‘ St! ty. minlasyst aks ‘e H Ry, ie , Vy, : ‘4 i Assn aT Ce Mirae Bite Pe” no hieray Rae hy iy ' Balt, os oe i ae was Paice PRs Vig eh napa a TY i i s : q; - ; As eatin. pore i ree pesrtiaries! vere ek aiey LRT Arte ANyves ww] PA lan lab e cee ae, sh eos Ppt. tk ay PLO) sg ek Reecase syn Loder AT ; t PS € ‘ i Anes Aa ey ete Pp ken 6 ft if far os hide ; oh j J att 3 Fi MMaL say WME Ke) Rinper ier plot recat: ) Uda Rierg ca) side tage Snes ty aera! n f i hing Ww rein Rortgeyy Py i airy tiie Ants yt Sav hi) Thi) enh ante ay | Mele heater : I = = . A . > : i as ir ‘ i Y in ah am y , No. 41. BOUTELOUA OLIGOSTACHYA Torrey. Culms cespitose from a short thick rootstock extending into a thick close mat, slender, smooth, erect, 1 to 2 feet high. Leaves mostly near the ground; blade short, curled, in moist situations becoming slender and longer, very narrow, attenuate into a slender point; sheath shorter than the internodes, close; ligule very short, ciliate. Inflorescence consisting of 1 to 3 spikes, densely crowded with flowers on one side of the rachis, 1 to1% inches long, usually becoming curved and spreading; rachis narrow and sparsely pubescent. Spikelets very numerous (often 50 or more), in 2 rows on one side of the rachis, nearly at right angles with it, sparsely pubescent, sometimes sparsely glan- ular on the keel, about 3 lines long, containing 1 perfect flower and 1 rudimentary one. Empty glwmes unequal, awn-pointed; lower one-half to two-thirds as long as the upper, thin; upper 23 to 3 lines long, purplish; flowering glume lanceolate, 3 lines long, including the awns, hairy on the back, lobed to or nearly to the middle, middle lobe broad, lateral ones very narrow, all terminating in sharp awns. Palet nearly equal in length to the flowering glume, narrower, 2-toothed at the apex, 2-nerved. Imperfect flower reduced to 3 equal awns, with 1 or 2 scales at the base, on a short pedicel having a tuft of white hairs at the top. PLATE XLI: land 2, typical plant; 3, larger form; a, empty glumes; b, perfect and imperfect flowers; c, flowering glume, from the back. This species is probably more widely spread than any other of the family, and is the one which constitutes with the buffalo grass (Buchloé dactyloides) the main vegetation of the vast plains of the West. Pe A Xe QV \ \\ WY . WN aN NS Aen A-Hoen & Co Lith. Galtimore. BOUTELOUA OLIGOSTACHYA, Torr. Ms Mas Gmail ATU GR Word an FAshidi iy oss hs. Wits . eri MA To eh y* Shiney Dae ne re RD ead bee aL S| ri as t aw "tT hla Je, tat de fiaie saniA ATE Os tiag stay a Oa ee ava we . \ a ; - S em, 2 : a = ‘ ¥ , ¥ 0 ‘ : j ae y : atch ecri eit ti Maha dS 9 ya A ol Sey i i ) t of ‘i fake Ee Ure | i 4 hy tn ve " f ; 1 ’ “ : , . 5 Poti shy asdf ea Se rises Mam LAS iT 2 wet Hy fh ‘eh Pxit rege it ti eG, Fig yi. 1 19 Eh beefed ! te aes is. ee “eC f ar Asia) be - i 7 , % ; y sitet ir h i : te dy , habe! oii oe ; eel vk i. eg BY Malt easy TN ie eS iy i ‘ 4 ‘ A Y ‘ , fi i , " ‘ F e : : Mester Va ond ee ee fitted Bah Be ite NG ev athe ee ee Secrets 3 LES 0) Pate No. 42. BOUTELOUA PROSTRATA Lagasca. Annual. Roots fibrous. Culms growing in small depressed tufts, spreading or decumbent, geniculate, leafy to the top. Leaves with short narrow blades $ to 14 inches long; sheath somewhat loose, shorter than the internodes, striate; hgule inconspicuous. ° Inflorescence a single terminal spike, generally recurved, ¢ to 1 inch long, smooth. Spikelets 20 to 30, in rows on one side of the smooth rachis, nearly 3 lines long, containing 1 perfect and 2 imperfect flowers. Empty glumes unequal; lower about one-half the length of the upper, narrow; upper about 2 lines long, ovate-lauceolate, acute; flowering giume smooth or slightly pubescent on the back, about 3 lines long, lower half broadly oblong, upper 3-lobed, 3-awned, middle lobe broadest and longest, awns stiff. Palet nearly 2 lines long, denticulate at the apex. Imperfect flower reduced to 3 stiff awns with 1 or 2 scales at the base. on a short pedicel having a tuft of white hairs at the top. PLatTEe XLII: a, spikelet; b, empty glumes; c, flowering glume from the back; d, palet; e, imperfect flower. This annual grass is widely distributed from Mexico to Colorado, prevailing in bottom lands, where it frequently mats the ground, but does not seem to be relished by cattle. INANE, NOC IGL A.Hoen & Co. lath. Baltimore. BOUTELOUA PROSTRATA, Lag. ‘ i — a ¥ a ok pa nbey oie oi ss Ee d WE i Maa a3 35 4 Ahetey a ; heiic - ts bi 7 . : es ie i i i alge ie > ein ie) ee one 5 POR cies eat i ] : ae hart eats yrs ad fi Fy No. 43. BOUTELOUA RACEMOSA Lagasca. Culms in close tufts from a strongly rooted rootstock 2 to 3 feet high, un- branched. Leaves with blades 4 to 12 inches long, 2 lines wide, long-pointed, scabrous; sheath loose, sparsely pubescent; ligule short. Inflorescence racemose, 6 to 9 inches long, composed of 20 to 40 alternate, sometimes one-sided, short-pedicelled or nearly sessile, short spikes, these spread- ing or recurved, sometimes approximate, sometimes rather distant; common rachis angular, scabrous. Spikes 4 to inch long, variable in thickness and fullness, usually of about 5 spikelets, sometimes reduced to 2 or 3. Spikelets 2 to 3 lines long without the awns, each 2-flowered. Kmpty glwmes unequal; lowest one-third shorter than the upper, narrow, awn- pointed; upper 2 lines long or more, ovate-lanceolate, acute; flowering glume about 2 lines long, oblong, smooth or somewhat pubescent on the margins, 3-nerved near the apex, with 3 short arms. Palet as long as its glume, 2-nerved, 2-toothed at apex. Imperfect flower varying in development from a few rudimentary awns to a nearly full-formed flower, or in var. aristosa having a long-awned flowering glume and rudimentary scales. PLATE XLIII: above, spike of about 3 spikelets; below, flower showing the empty glumes, perfect and imperfect flowers. This is perhaps more widely diffused than any other species, ranging from Mexico to British America and east of the Mississippi in Illinois, Ohio, and several localities in eastern New York. JENIN AID IS, SOCIAL A.Hoen & Co. Lith. Baltimore BOUTELOUA RACEMOSA, Lag. if, a ; *y Ls 4 : : ral =e Pot cs 3" aaa woe i " Li A + ' 1 an a a Mee , oie u uy 4 "Fs Pye. rons Pe TAS i nee , ¥ i cas rey ee gt hs Bc) ha } Fae ne ee Dal ete bao Lap ' % } + cae a 2 H iE chien gi Pik ub orang i aa ae San cine ie hse pal No. 44. BOUTELOUA RAMOSA Scribner. Culms many from a crowded short rootstock, strongly rooted, wiry-branched and almost woody below, slender, above leafy to the inflorescence, smooth. Leaves with blades narrow, short, 1 to 2 inches long, attenuated to a fine point; sheath smooth, striate, with a few long hairs at the top; ligule very short. Inflorescence consisting usually of 2 spikes, 1 to 14 inches apart at the apex of the culm, 1 to 14 inches long, crowded with the 20 to 30 one-sided spikelets. Spikelets about 25 lines long, with 1 perfect and 1 imperfect flower. Empty glumes smooth, acute, unequal; lower less than one-half as long as the upper, narrow; upper lanceolate, nearly 2 lines long; flowering glumes over 2 lines long, lanceolate, clothed with long white hairs on the back and margins, divided at the apex into 3 sharply awned lobes. Palet narrower, 2-toothed at the apex, smooth. Imperfect flower consisting of . 3 awns with 2 or 3 imperfect glumes at their base, on a short pedicel densely hairy-tufted at the apex. PLATE XLIV: a, spikelet spread open to show the parts; b, empty glumes; ec, flowering glume; d, palet; e, imperfect or sterile flower and its pedicel. This species extends from northern Mexico to Arizona and western Texas, TIN AD IS, SILI \ URS H DIANA = — W\ Y \ . \\ \ \\ Ni TP WII WS \ SNS \ BOUTELOUA RAMOSA, Scrib. é earoda: er ate eo y Nilbe eth: ily as ue ud win vc ht © aye) G : Atari has ws $y wer rek kts Ba dea ty : A300) hae " ¢ eRe Phi rae Tel ied eStrihy inl te: ie APA eri Biiiieis: samol fauriyio!= ZT Toe ae [ae te oe he eo CT ; Bi itsne| put Wb Af 4 i} my asi Bisa “3 i ry Hetatisz Ow a ; ‘ f Nea APR (Tey t ey, 9 & i sido es * BA Pi tbh “onsen Ba HVaAYy Bisse ; he cand Sted Moyet. A-7M7 ,) ite sponiht Ws abit pbinate Wortew ne y 3 : aes en EE He ff oe Nr 8 GF uid et en dasill iF ak Nn Pare et iad Aaa ibert! STU pj neeheele rt ats Hash atti wonnted Ate ae 3 ort, Bae rm ets try Qindt Saartif my REY SER hy whizevwrist PALACES PTAs phid, thei dist fii hat laos ih Pend wovanle Dab eho! j rf Nits x, Aabidig 4 e heen tyy iit, ia Bats rok 4, etnies) Mm teuwest arent hk wefisth Ce WI Lan lipo MSGi eh zsh} Barer) i¢ qe ae te il ei halle PL Le CaS up Sty HOR Vy 131 opy Papier oy wie eat ly: sahil roy This ay ate ences icky : »' ol , TPE BS 4 5 Dames x } ‘ ae , iW (RE stag NOUS CLEP Ree en Le od a a ha 1 te Ter ake ga c 4 4, * a ; ; ; LR Uae at) wy sirisigs ees hae it Ty OCP ae el Ra eee a at eri sish'Dinsy, by Bul Ur ay bees ee et. teh A dauetghty Vig pete Ail ou a vel No. 45. BOUTELOUVA STRICTA Vasey. Culms 2 to 24 feet high, unbranched, wiry, stiffly erect, smooth; base clothed with old, persistent, broad sheaths. Leaves few; blade erect, rigid, narrow, becoming setaceous-involute, 4 to 6 inches long, scabrous on the upper surface; lower sheaths broad, loose, smooth, and short, upper becoming long and narrow (3 to 4 inches long); ligule very short, ciliate. Inflorescence about 4 inches long, consisting of 5 or 6 erect or appressed, narrow, one-sided spikes, these ? to 1 inch long, densely crowded with the 30 to 50 spikelets. Spikelets 2 lines long, including the awns. Empty glumes unequal, lanceolate, acute; lower one-half as long as the upper, nearly smooth; flowering glume 2 lines long, pubescent externally, oblong-lanceo- late, 3-lobed above, lobes awned, lateral lobes a little shorter than the the central one. Palet narrow, nearly as long as its glume, 2-nerved, 2-toothed at the apex.. Imperfect flower consisting of 3 equal awns, with 2 or 3 imperfect glumes at the base, on a short pedicel with a tuft of soft hairs at its apex. PLATE XLV; a, spikelet; b, empty glumes; c, flowering glume, seen from the back; d, palet; e, imperfect flower. This species differs from B. oligostachya in its more wiry.culms, more rigid habit, setaceous, appressed leaves, and dense, appressed, and more numerous spikes. BOUTELOUA STRICTA, Vasey. IPA EY Xe ; aeein0) CHA AUP. Y a die eaten af AOE GROTH S28, fi Saat Aik » re toi f; paced Mute wary Ear) peuipaco ew Get Lara Cue et ana Asin oat ig oe reves fi ee a hat ae, Pade fe Mo; ali v {AW %) i wnt fas: Aol nfic jealous i: nh afisy 8 iye2k ta may eh Sei F “ ef Sei 4 [var ient : dil aah.) ‘ ' ar a trans i B. ele, i 4 ae Py), ro frit 33 HELPS Gil ard BaD. aah tas h cb ie ¢ ime 8 HAL a ie : bass chy ante 9) iy | rAd e 2% 4 fie ieee) eh yaa woth gawews doris syitty! ai | senleedst Plt PUES A Wis bess Teneo ee Lame er a LB Biv or, A enh } dy or oF bh a eee a PU idee seie! a ee peeaenear ne 7h Tsiiad arin Ve Che Lemley) nn ADH RE Tat EASES eis) eats m0 | eh itariltract Mt ity re ee Ue Cae ss ta tla righted Lait al gtk Sea Riyals Nib! eal eae EA he a We YY ae Me SEE BO el f Gy BS eee TRS NP Pex erie ie Sager Te i} \) arias Nitty Wife ii) rake Hite: bs i yi ah + § he ohh ne =f = a f “ ; } bi ie rs hoped Hy Le ~ / ‘ : , 4 ‘a a ' 7 vi B 2 ‘ ‘ ye Ue ee uy a aie Waa Cigars palta(s Uee pune ee 4 * No. 46. BOUTELOUA TRIFIDA Thurber. Culms 6 to 12 inches long, slender, numerous, crowded ona short rootstock; base often thickened, covered with short, broad sheaths. Leaves; blades small, radical sometimes 2 or 3 inches long, those of the culm often reduced to 4 inch, smooth or sparsely hairy; sheath shorter than the internode. Inflorescence of 4 to 6 erect or somewhat spreading smooth spikes, with about 15 to 30 spikelets rather loosely disposed. Spikelets 3 lines long including the awns, containing 1 perfect and 1 imperfect flower. Empty glumes slightly unequal; upper 14 lines long; lower one-fourth shorter, smooth, 1-nerved; flowering glumes narrow, body oblong, smooth, less than 1 line long, dividing above into 3 long-awned lobes (2 to 24 lines long). Palet somewhat shorter and narrower than its glume, 2-toothed at the apex. Imperfect flower reduced to 3 slender awns slightly enlarged toward the base, on a short, smooth pedicel. PuatE XLVI; a, spikelet; b, empty glumes; c, flowering glume; d, palet; e, imperfect flower. This species closely resembies B. Burket, No. 36, but a close comparison shows important differences. PNA Ve, NOGA A-Hoen & Co. Lith. Baltimore BOUTELOUA TRIFIDA, Thurb. BAL, by noe uh mre: oC te eae! rd ee citi Grea piv tet Sifietl Hb ti ee aa ee wt ied mA iG if fo) ght Saiah. it Aca tit aean'T sich! oes ON Wty tanita a) Wiis PREM i: EY “ k A er eryich ay ane NPE ET Venti dnt: oT Bea pAb ti la iha0d ah eaee wil * - ee ay r ye ; 5 " i : fa J 4 Nae vival iy te 0H thst POS PRIME STUER Sieh Lr" Ay ye kee? Fe His th dale R Sie an pa ae E Ms iss ia rane il PIN eR BAe vant coN aa Steers Tier legs Bai gO gh ees (pate Peat os 7‘ raeieniiely ote rae Shiite Weare) “we OS ysits BEUR SD Aas eae 2 Pat ent i - byte Nad ALL aeaaN El | We, Prk as) . (4) ae: o ie £ ett an te : ee Beni ¥ abe? COs: a Dihis Mei Nan is wu. Partylt at eat di ’ fi Pie 3 ; Fy aires; ple guste it Yaseen ih vin i | a oe. a3 Pinan a) bron bate x7 hes ey | pity mies alcwahi si Hi ae 0 ig ih) aks? tit. aii varie at res é oh ane he Bape Hs 8 at tepals Ree: Hype anagem ate Fr ig ee tha Rea a Hs ane Par es 3 JR eon me if ete OS Boe hte weeny Rprtice - A iis) siya hr Lifi sy ; we iy hind 4 ae f 5 , : 4 a , iy iv ae Eo AN GiieY 8 ral tels>. Seyf¥) rip) Ot ee i Pape) Miia) ni ¥ | A ry : pokes Hy i Ay en . , ; i a ee = FE. s pers f ry mM u Ede PS a a SMD Cis Uy ails. YP eae 4 Weape oe acs : . hed atts nas ‘ oe ALD F Batic. ie ae mitt, bal ia tai Aiba < t paar,” tl fae Lip Mead uF faa rs s.r ; ; er, Ri, at | erst i ieee LI ri he tal Hii, GF i) UE : é a Pes OL Ma | =e) J ive View aiff bie fie . FS : SAT LP Wiehe. a 7 Ah Ded 'igtireag) vy, ’ ae Malar) ene eh ee fire tty Fait ess a aay id ine No. 4%. BUCHLOE DACTYLOIDES Engelmann. Plant usually dicecious, rarely moncecious, male and female flowers hetero- morphous. Culms low, 4 to 8 inches high, in dense matted tufts or patches, interlaced with stolons from a few inches to 2 feet long, with nodes usually 2 to 3 inches apart, these developing tufts of leaves and culms and often taking root. MALE PLANT. Culms slender, erect or decumbent at base, with 3 or 4 leaves. Leaves. Radical 4 to 6 inches long, 1 line or less wide, acuminate, smooth or ciliate, those of the culm 3 to 2 inches long; upper sheaths often longer than the blades, loose; ligule and throat hairy. nifloncscence a terminal panicle of 2 to 4 approximate, sessile or nearly sessile spikes, each 4 inch or less in length. Spikelets 5 to 10 or more in 2 ranks on one side of the rachis, crowded, each 2- or 3-flowered, about 2 lines long. Outer empty glumes unequal, 1-nerved or the lower nerveless and minute, the upper one-half to two-thirds as long as the spikelet, oblong, acute, minutely pub- escent; flowering glumes ovate, 2 lines long, membranaceous. Palet ovate, acuminate, as long as the flowering glumes, 2-nerved; stamens 3; anthers 1 line long, linear. FEMALE PLANT. Flowering culms short, 2 to 3 inches high, 2 or 3 upper leaves clustered at the apex, their sheaths inclosing the base of the fertile flowers. Inflorescence consisting of 1 to 3, commonly 2, short, clustered spikes, each 3 to 34 lines high, and of about 5 spikelets; rachis of the spike thickened. Spikelets very different from the male ones, being each 1-flowered and the parts much indurated and modified. Upper empty glume indurated and cohering at the base with the enlarged rachis, becoming almost woody, divided at the apex into 3 or more rigid teeth, body convex externally and infolding the flower on its concave side; all the lower empty glumes (except that of the lowest spikelet) thin, ovate, acute, 1-nerved, scale-like, on the inner side of the apie flowering glumes coriaceous, 3-nerved, 3-toothed at apex. Palet similar in texture 6 the flowering glume, 2-nerved, 2-toothed, inclosing the large ovary. PuatTE XLVII; 1, male plant; 2, female plant; a, male spikelets; b, empty glumes of same; c, flowering glume of same; d, palet of same; A, female spikelet; B, upper empty glume; C, flowering glume; D, palet. - This grass is extensively spread over all the region known as the Great Plains. It grows in extensive patches, spreading largely by means of its stolons (similar to those of Bermuda grass), which are sometimes 3 feet long, with joints every few inches, frequeutly rooting at the joints and forming new plants. The flowers of the two sexes are usually on separate plants, but sometimes both kinds are found on different parts of the same plant. This and the grama grass (Bouteloua oligostachya) are the principal native grasses of the Plains, and afforded the principal subsistence of the herds of buffalo which formerly inhabited them, It is rapidly disappearing before the advance of settlements. IPA E Xe vail A-Hoen 4 Co. Lith. Baltimore. BUCHLOE DACTYLOIDES, Engl. aie . 5 t Beli. ep 4 ee eat neg wit 57, our 8 Favaibat ee SUN kos ite Riverr sii B ech es Sis 3 AY DRS paral si neg 83 ‘ enh eased: (apa Ou | oly Wea hae ae he ae ey leo yieite Peers res ni pain Bina: 18 RoE de Ho jeg diana: aut’) Cherries aan i tie ‘Hauibehy Mosts a ave ao e108 Lise ‘e uh feet A WLR YS. ME Paes | Osi he 6 Utehoe ria sh Pras sh ares eGR Wiehe sited iy cue % Caled tee ites: ithe: _ FATT Mies re bs oy f th ee ee: abteleg’ pee ni sia gabe ieee afk eH wee sit E aN : ee aR ars i ie nye abt Tevtote, variety ipeit Tins! ae ari + : ge ekg nee diqcids sa 7 *, ck Sah ih feta ws: ‘ ne 4¢ sake cae ie VE Pree nie CEE rea f a IE icich sje rer! af 8 eh eit Be Dees els BIS ' ve i eyEi ~t eR ghee, hes ea Nee MALIA: be sand AS eee ya ere eh (ea ; | at a. ERTS po ; , ah . ver ae ty ntl 5 eke pals ar ae ee eh ae, ONES WteAates & ose Ye eet “ : es : Ve “Wea Ban Ble eke ey SHEATH Bibs, Mey Ra } Ut Cee as i ee eat i date es : Ee Ve eres ear ee EO Yee ater | a av fe ah eae cy ues Wa MEAISR Ree NET naty Js Rah ENS teed ce | Wwe (een Minin op abe yc pe As A ie ars ee a Yi TAY Gh Gaeis ie ies ve yi ; | Pee steel Oy erie iil) eo adie Sine eh AN ese 7 : 7 B 4 7 oUF i R | : i rt thes Ports, TAWA tial GTC A weiter RE Beeman, Thalds WAVERED eta PREY Herd she St Livin eal GA Gna ALS esne p No. 48. EREMOCHLOE BIGELOVII Watson. AND EREMOCHLOE KINGII Watson. 1. Hremochloé Bigelovii. Culms 6 to 10 inches high, tufted, branching below, smooth; upper portion naked, except 2 or 3 small approximate leaves below the panicle. Leaves with blades 4 to 13 inches long, setaceous, striate, pungent. Panicle small, 1 inch or less long, simple, or with 1 or 2 short branches, few-flowered. Spikelets 4-flowered; 2 lower neutral; third perfect; fourth, or uppermost, reduced to 3 feathery awns on a short pedicel. Empty glumes lanceolate, smooth, 1-nerved, about 3 lines long. Sterile flowers consisting each of a flowering glume and palet. Flowering glume 2-lobed to the middle, densely ciliate, 3-nerved, with a slender feathery awn between the lobes, these tipped with a short awn; palets very narrow, smooth, 2-nerved, 2-toothed at the apex or very ene Perfect flower with the flowering glume deeply 3-lobed, lobes extondine into stiff ciliate awns; palet two-thirds as long, ovate, abruptly acuminate, smooth, slightly toothed at the apex; awns 3, tmomalk ciliate and united at the apex of a short smooth pedicel; a linear or awn-like scale sometimes attached to one of the sterile palets. ; 2. Hremochloé Kingit. Culms low, tufted, 1 to 2 inches high. Leaves crowded at the base of the stem; sheath dilated, ciliate at the margins and apex, persistent, and with the old blades cut into fibrillee; blades } to 1 inch long, rigid, involute, pungent. Panicle short, oblong, sheathed at the base by the upper leaf, less simple than in the other species. Spikelet 4-flowered; flowers as in H. Bigelovii. Empty glumes 4 lines long, acute, smooth. Sterile flowers more deeply lobed; middle awn membranaceous, margined below. Perfect flower with the flowering glume deeply 3-lobed, middle lobe narrower. Pedicel and awns similar. PuateE XLVIII; 1, Hremochloé Bigelovii; a, empty glumes; 6, flowering glume; c, palet; d, pedicel and feathery awns. 2, Hremochloé Kingii; e, spikelet; f, empty glumes; g, flowering glume: h, palet; 7, pedicel and feathery awns. Eremochloe Bigelovit was found on the bluffs of the Rio Grande in western Texas. It has not recently been collected. EH. Kingvi has been found at Peach Springs, Arizona, and at several places in Nevada. TE ULVANTAD 1D; MOLNABDE 2 EREMOCHLOE KINGII, S. W. 1 EREMOCHLOE BIGELOVII, S. W. i aw ’ : ‘var 4, mt ; ae BE Pah ee ak? Reali othr Tha MJ my Ons piee pete ais Nas taeicaees ig) ah yf : . ie 00a yi : ae { Mb riot oe AN aye OCP Oe | ie _ . a hi eh ae i Pres ager SLU SOR an Ras | ge i Besayery i Wat 4 oi aa ie Ne eyie A k) anoaiht Mei Hs acting ih: Pia matt Ry rsdn ot) Lunde | ee ys. ogee Veil seh ae bie) rae ke paemnngs th) tg Se ates hd uur iss ! rise nah igh sie pat, Spc Gail Re RY | 4 ul Cie, AEE ; a i nea A i ae oe ah, a a a Sad er al My : i ea ee Wh ve i me rey Sate eat ier ire Rae Pea agOns a ik ie Nii hi Mey A Pe age ; ae PEN Satta ERTS ss ve he 4 | 7“ Pipe wid oy Mathys abet Le TAO Ct gia eae ’ wy a PO at ay ee day a «agian? PALE) 1a) Wreavta nt Bare mnepA ety Suge lane Ate! ; a ' ; iY i a Fi A A ‘ +2 Loy ae Ok BIDIRPMY ACUUTAT STAN atari Vesey Tl adortien Teg ch erties era | oe Oh Vian to af “7 ‘danld Sat saga BIR aay Ths N (tery PARSE aS Wad Wie iF ‘ ih | RP yor hee 3 = { Wa | i Pee fo i . ; i a! i i ay r J r j p | : i M x ' 4 ' 5 a) . 1 i j i } - f (a i hs y , No. 49. MELICA DIFFUSA Pursh. Plant perennial. Rootstock not seen. Roots slender. Culms usually single, simple, erect, 2 to 5 feet high, sometimes shorter, terete, glabrous. : Leaves of the stem 4 to 6; sheaths usually distant, closely sheathing, glabrous, margins grown together to within about $ inch from the summit; blade 5 to 8 inches long, flat and reaching 4 lines broad, or much narrower (14 lines) and in- volute, smooth or scabrous on both surfaces, scabrous points on the upper surface often producing hairs; ligule 1 to 2 lines long, lacerate when old. Inflorescence paniculate. Panicle long-pedunculate, 4 to 10 inches long, with 3 to 7 nodes; branches 2 at each node, widely spreading, scabrous; one much the smaller, longer not exceeding 23 inches; rachis terete, nearly scabrous. Spikelets single, on slender scabrous pedicels enlarged and villous at the apex, abruptly bent just below. Spikelets narrowly to broadly oblong, slightly compressed, 43 to 6 lines long, 2- to 4-flowered with rudiments of 1 or 2 others above. Glumes with green nerved body and membranaceous margins and apex; first 5-nerved, 3 to 33 lines long, oval, apex from broadly acute to acuminate; second about 5-nerved, 4 to 5 lines long, oblong-oblanceolate, apex broadly acute; flower- ing glume narrowly oblong, many-nerved, acute, scabrous on the back, 1 to 3 nerves passing through the membranaceous margin to the apex, lowest 4 to 53 lines long, | upper successively shorter. Flowers hermaphrodite. Palet oblong-oblanceolate in position, ciliate on the 2 nerves above, acute, with additional inflexed margins. Stamens 3; anthers linear, about 14 lines long. Stigmas not seen. Grain 1 line long, narrowly oblong, obtuse at both ends, loosely inclosed be- tween the glume and palet (and dropping from them when mature?); outer coat loose, wrinkled, and shining. PuatTEeE LXIX; a and b, spikelet enlarged showing the parts, rachilla broken above the second glume. IP ILeeN ARID, SOLID MELICA DIFFUSA, Pursh. AHoen & Co, Lith. Baltimore. * je pe ‘ae ’ iy -s y i bg i Py, ‘ \ \ t #4 k 4 +t . Tare? to) ¥ apa yeas neias ey Penk cat} M4E) bie ye) tay Mee say peg LS diame | Wed haa. SA OER MAL iat nadie Ce ee a ee fo 8,) i " : by , - , pbs MOY tiga’ AE EW ho CS i Oe et ape eT Se Nl Beta TR aL ASA) (ete WE kata ' AYTY a HVE 1 nai } eee | Pe pie Fare lee be ee URGE Se o basal, any ees Dae) 5 Gt! Hime ee tt Manag "y Ne Me A! Pelee ce Mt Me titer ie we ay ie aattasi ay hl fe atte ike Pi sudae eager Uk. hale. Aaa ee eee ie oahd pare “pe Bey 1) iat Loa an She ac tf Seiza 1 vt j / Mae hed Th i ew ey * | sie ABS ‘ Bi ek aii ¥ f yA } Fi | Bs stab Wachesrod ‘Deme ® yi re atu i cl ial tae ve f; Aj a m ey eres ae { ares nish yeti pr ll . tiger rh. FA ta 8 eee spat ea i ay pre ayy j ; \ | we ty i taieh ar 9 ugha ght upth! aie T'on ying) Te ae : Areva AG ma: a4 arn Lvsokigy Set ak ry wae ee tnttyis 4 AMAR Sune a $k by é he ar | ; sited Boe a Vek Mab adil cal od! 189 ' Meron ere) ried. 5 Fi . PUNE ax | ey eee a) pee et rat y er - ; ‘ ’ mt ‘ J pats it . re uy oS oe. ee Pe | ‘“ Loa t Mane No. 50. MELICA PORTERI Scribner. Plant perennial. Rootstock slender, creeping, scales distant. Roots very slender. Culms tufted, slender, erect, 2 to 3 feet high, unbranched, glabrous. Leaves of the stem 7 to 10; sheaths imbricated, sparingly backwardly scabrous, margins grown together; blades 6 to 12 inches long, upper sometimes shorter, 1 to 2 lines wide, flat, usually somewhat scabrous beneath, sparingly pilose above. Leaves of the root, with their sheaths, early decaying. Inflorescence paniculate. Panicle terminal, short-pedunculate, 8 to 12 inches long; rachis terete, nearly glabrous; branches spreading in anthesis, afterwards erect, 3 inches long or less, scattered, commonly 2 at each node, one much smaller than the other. Spikelets borne singly on slender scabrous pedicels pilose and abruptly bent at the apex. Spikelet 3- to 5-flowered, 4 to 7 lines long, feu compressed, linear-oblong, narrowed at base and apex. Glumes with green nerved body and broad hyaline margins and apex; first ovate, bluntly acute, 2 to 3 lines long, 1- to 5-nerved, middle nerve scabrous; second similar, one-third longer, 7-to 9-nerved; third (flowering) elliptealeo niente nar - rowed to the base and apex, about 3 lines long, body rather coriaceous, scabrous on . the back, with about 7 principal nerves and often with intermediate slender ones, all converging toward the apex but not uniting and not traversing the hyaline apex of the glume. Flowers hermaphrodite. Palet oblong-lanceolate when in position, acute, ciliate on the 2 nerves, with additional inflexed membranaceous margins. Stamens 3; anthers linear, 1 line long. Stigmas cylindrical. Grain (mature?) linear, 1 line long, dropping naked from the spikelet when ripe; pericarp rather loose, wrinkled; rachilla not disarticulating. PuLaTE L; a and b, spikelet opened to show the parts. The second flower at least should have stigmas. The shorter glume in a is the outer one. oO TIL VANAD I) nore AMHoen & Co. Lith. Baltin MELICA PORTERI, Scrib. ees: BULLETIN, ee ee PLATES AND DESCRIPTIONS © OF THE “ ARIZONA, AND SOUTHERN (ALIFORNIA. mY Part. If. By Dr. GEO. VASEY, BOTANIST, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, ISSUED DECEMBER, 1891. PUBLISHED BY AUTHORITY OF THE SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE. WASHINGTON: GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. 1891. | a er ip a al mg Pn ek bs age 7 ee ee $$$. Veul ie ay \s Phe uaa Co OE PARTE VENT OF AGRICULTURE. DIVISION OF BOTANY. ieee ee a IN INGo. ed 2. GRASSES OF THE SOUTHWEST. PLATES AND DESCRIPTIONS OF THE ° GRASSES OF THE DESERT REGION OF WESTERN TEXAS, NEW MEXICO, | - ARIZONA, AND SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA. | lesue,, JL By Dr. GEO. VASEY, BOTANIST, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. i ISSUED DECEMBER, 1891. PUBLISHED BY AUTHORITY OF THE SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE, © WASHINGTON: GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, 1891, NOTRE. a This bulletin constitutes the second half of the first volume of a work entitled Illustrations of North American Grasses. It is designed to continue the work by - a second volume to be entitled Grasses of the Pacific Coast. = 2 | : eRe Oa oN SNE a AC WASHINGTON, August 3, 1891. Str: I have the honor of herewith presenting for publication the manuscript of the second part of the Bulletin on the ‘‘ Grasses of the Southwest.” GEORGE VASEY, Botanist. Hon. J. M. Rusk, Secretary of Agriculture. INTRODUCTION. This second part of the Grasses of the Southwest presents, like the first part, plates and descriptions of 50 species of grasses, together making 100. The synonymy of such as have had several names is briefly given. Most of the species, however, are either new, or so little known that they have received but asingle name. The drawings were made by Messrs. Scholl, Olszewski, and Holm, and in the details are generally very accurate. I wish to express my obliga- tions to Mr. L. H. Dewey, Assistant Botanist, for important assistance in describing the species. GEO. VASEY. AUGUST 3, 1891. 5 ad NAD E Nes OF es BEAGLE Se Plate. 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(2 cihoms tia be) Plant perennial, with short rootstock, smooth throughout or with slight pubes- cence near the ligule. Culms, loosely tufted, erect, branching, solid, terete, glabrous and shiny, 2 to 4 feet tall. Leaves; radical few, the broad loose sheaths tapering into the long involute blades with scarcely a contraction at the ligule; of culm 6 to 12; sheaths rather | loose, open above, lower ones exceeding internodes, upper ones shorter; blades in- volute, slender, 4 to 12 inches long; hgulemembranaceous, ciliate, truncate, + line long or less. Inflorescence consisting of a terminal, and several distant, long-peduncled, lateral spikes. Spikes linear, 3 to 4 inches long, cylindrical; two appressed, 1- flowered spikelets at each node of the hairy rachis, one sessile and perfect, and one staminate on a stout hairy pedicel 13 lines long. Sessile spikelet narrowly lanceolate; first glume lanceolate; nearly flat, bifid at apex, acute or obtusish, rigid, herbaceous, ciliate on the prominent marginal nerves, 5 to 7 other less prominent nerves; second glume lanceolate, membrana- ceous, smooth, obscurely 3-nerved, 24 to 3 lines long; third and fourth glumes lanceolate, acute, scarious, thin, smooth, the third ciliate, obscurely 3-nerved, 14 to 24 lines long; palet small or wanting; pedicellate spikelet similar, but all parts smaller and the first glume always acute at apex; stamens 3. PuatE I; A, two spikelets, lower one perfect, upper one staminate, a tof, parts of perfect flower; a, first empty glume, extreme forms, dorsal view; and b, ventral view; c, second empty glume; d, third empty glume; e, floral glume; /, palet. Capital letters A, E indicate corresponding parts of staminate flower. Dr Havard states that this grass constitutes a large portion of the vegetation of the plains of southern Texas. It occurs in Mexico, and also in Florida, Tr 2 PLATE 2 | ELIONURUS TRIPSAC Q f=) b4 eS) le ip) RE by bv MEGS RSA ky aly A ea aT AUS AC TET * ; 3 ’ ‘ i ioe tbls (3) b buch Pees | eee EA Leese | tA Mean MIs ag agiabettess A iedoji wre bial Li ', 7g hth pinkind ri sel paul SITs Pidtee!s F { a as Pty 4 ’ oho Di “i } ee ba hy hl és yd Raber rigti fn: wits Nate upyeal ; Besa i bel tetia- Suh) wisi SU pe Leal 12 tea : 1 Bahl te haya, Behe Pepe reel fal teas bpd hbo es w ihe ey, trae) es ati sa Pe PERE AVIA tii cmntTaae Ail gti ae sath ee biy 9 A) is ete tl) Vcabetyih a pies bit) eye ieerwey fs lies Wabedaonh ly ca bdryy a ti oft te bape PALI LN Leh disney Bay Ht mit ‘arpa eee AGA ay pasted AN tira Ha Pot te Mea ee: ak re ee We ea My ers ia. CT ae Me wkie ee baa 1, Sab eek, ay h Oe seas > Cy weer ainre eal) RY nt A ied. lide odor aiesh pasts hs epi Sab ind fats taath Fate preys ati oFilaaltys 1 Pie smitaete Vyedey ' at iia riser Mona ty Death) Malik tele 4 eyes My yd iyo vi fyi ap = ehertit rae lel= Nake Py Pail wt wath eey eB teesies eo RMT aE hs Feat watil hal ; egitial bea ] Spey ike | Pe AU ashe Fiver Last 7 brie Liem ni pMyiis =e} eae ate BA West gle VAR Mac T oeliy einyaad leer Sl Rinktesvi ibe.) carkell"s cap ea SY De Pm) Bilt hae Upstate rT ' hel feiss it Cee + UTE a8 re | wey B 2 vx? Weittps.: aay i L 3 (fer ken'/ ‘Shes ie Ve, pyr eke.” Pee MALY ay) b ALY bh agra eh AP) ab > 4 ni na deity OT yt 1% 5 rye 1 Re RR ru Pee ay bei ATE DNS,” Soi! 4 ii le pres | Bick 2 ‘ss pit) Vesty 2° % ah te Fae ee sell AN ae i abe’ F dy } . ; Wy : 1 é uy . J tan peasy 4 HURL? aaa pvp) i mS) ay : 4 » is Bic mM) Mpdiiy “a DR adaet) OSLER ee | Miah PUR so | a et ee | oul 4 aV~ Wie i" pried ' hye ¥} reatate) fy BLA uN ‘ys ppves 21 TS 7 (yay ; = Te iid f ney im ai Walt Mi op wy Vt ts ha elivo. a tat 4 ye) ia j & » ’ 5 j \ pea a’ i im LAER SG iefia ty ote g ight? bide AV! : rd iv CN ty Ser! leh’ hE aie ee pul bd Ae ey 100 ieee) it FLeiesiek ‘ ‘i + ie "Fee ante INO: 2: HILARIA RIGIDA (Thurb.) Serib. (Plewraphis riqida. Thurb.). Plant perennial, rigid, woody throughout, except the young growth, with hard creeping rootstock sending up scaly branches. Culms spreading or ascending, branching freely, solid, 1 to 2 feet tall, woolly below. Leaves of rootstock appressed, scarious scales; of culm often 2-ranked and rather crowded; sheaths longer than internodes, close, woolly; blades involute, pungent, rigid, 1 to 3 inches long; ligule a dense white, woolly collar. Inflorescence a narrow, white or purplish spike, 2 to 3 inches long, formed of obovate clusters of 3 sessile spikelets at each node of the rachis. Spikelets; lateral ones in the cluster staminate and 2- to 3-flowered, middle one perfect and 1-flowered; empty glumes all about 3 lines long, forming an invyolucre about the cluster; first glume of staminate spikelet oblong, wider above, oblique. conspicuously ciliate, 5-nerved, 1 or 2 of the nerves on one side extended in short dorsal awns, second glume obovate, 2-lobed and ciliate above, 5-to 6-nerved, with 1 or 2 dorsal awns; floral glumes obiong or wedge-shaped, nearly equally 2-lobed at apex or merely obtuse, ciliate, 3-nerved, midnerve slightly excurrent, and one latéral nerve rather obscure, 2 to 24 lines long; palet oblong, truncate, slightly scabrous on the two nerves above, 2 lines long; empty glumes of perfect flower equal, at the back of the cluster, narrow, cuneate, oblique above, 4 to 6 awned, ciliate, 2 to 3 lines long including awns; floral glume oblong, equally 2-lobed, ciliate, 2 to 3 lines long, 3-nerved, lateral nerves equal and slightly excur- rent, midnerve excurrent in an awn + to 1 line long; palet lance-oblong, obtuse. ciliate or lacerate at apex, 2-nerved, 2 to 3 lines long; stigmas 2, long, plumose. Grains; no mature grains found. PuatE II; a to d, parts of staminate flower: a, first empty glume; b, second empty glume; ¢, floral glume; d, palet; e, perfect flower with its two empty glumes; f to h, parts of perfect flower; f, floral glume; g, palet; h, empty glume. New Mexico and Arizona; almost the only grass on the driest desert land: commonly called Gayetta grass. It is considered a valuable grass. PLATE I _ . HILARIA RIGIDA supe ov aN eetes:) at! Pas iP he) eth lve’: Hin tarie he teh ‘ 8g AG; I : ‘ rat MSCS Bohs oe ee oe ery Drsagn Loar ted ae Fe iy of waa vent a gile anal wis oF pl Hf Wee} oa a * eslsiiiareshia pert ar ify iN Pee ft parion rm ehiea al) hay it peel Ebel wh Site at 2 var Bead ah ir ihr - sett 0) EAP eth oc Nea ‘ : Lee wins fasts FF SVAEe! Am ie { ; ; eye sd LA T< 1 : + J . 1 - 7” FEDES ed ey ai : d 4 inf tz eo re a OP AN Min abe chi Wea fy Tate wed Noa wih a tiiaes rae nihil: eat Vee Fen i ATs bt ie ORE nobly SER alee INO; 3: PASPALUM DISTICHUM Linn. Plant perennial, the long creeping rootstocks rooting at the nodes and forming a rather close sod, nearly glabrous or sometimes pubescent, somewhat glaucous. Culms one or two in a place ascending from the nodes of the rootstocks, branching, solid, angular below, 1 to 2 feet tall. Leaves variable; of rootstocks mostly broad, loose, membranaceous scales; of culms 5 to 7; sheaths rather loose, closed, rarely compressed and open, striate; blades flat or slightly involute, 2 to 25 lines wide, 2 to 6 inches long; ligule an inconspicuous tawny, lacerate fringe, decurrent. Inflorescence of 2 rarely 3, narrow, erect, approximate spikes, 1 to 24 inches long, the lower one raised on a short internode of the axis; rachis flat, bearing the two crowded rows of sessile spikelets in alternate ranks. Spikelets broadly oblong-lanceolate, flattened, 1-flowered, 1 to 14 lines long; first and second glumes equal, broadly lanceolate, 3-nerved or unsymmetrically 4-nerved; first acute, 1 line long, smooth; second with short, loose pubescence; floral glume broadly lanceolate, smooth, indurated, 3-nerved, 1 line long; palet indurated, ovoid, inclosing grain, acute, obscurely 1-nerved, 1 line long and quite as broad. Grain elliptical-lanceolate, flattened, nearly black at maturity, minutely roughened, | line long; falling with the enveloping palet and glume. Stigmas 2, purple, prominent. PLATE III; a, first empty glume, dorsal view; b, second empty giume; ¢, ‘flowering glume, inside view; d, palet and stamens; e, pistil. Common in the Southern States, Texas, and westward to California. Near the Gulf, and in moist ground it forms valuable pasturage. PLATE Il SSD SYS ms ———, . ~ Sa SX a ve » PASPALUM ‘DISTICHUM, Zinn. e SS a +e +o y u 1 tao! se pe ") Fj euAy | by opuy i 4 me SP i bert ney a tee he Pei ae No. 4. PASPALUM LIVIDUM Trin. Plant perennial, coarse, somewhat tufted on a short rootstock. Culms few in a place, erect, or decumbent, geniculate below, solid, terete, 2 to 3 feet tall. Leaves; radical mostly scarious; of culm 6 to 9; sheaths equaling or exceeding internode, loose, often compressed and open, lower ones often pubescent; blades flat, hispid above and velow toward the bl, 3 lines wide, 2 to 6 inches long; ligule a tawny, lacerate, membranaceous fringe, + line long, decurrent. Inflorescence a vacemose panicle of 4 fo 8 approximate spikes, alternate on the flattened axis, 2 to 4 inches long; spikes unilateral, sessile, 1 to 14 inches long; rachis flat and smooth, 5 line wide, usually purplish. Spikelets crowded, usually in 4 rows, sessile or on short pedicels, oblanceolate, flattish, 1-flowered, 1 to 14 lines long; first glume broadly ovate, acute, slightly convex, slightly roughened on back, 3-nerved, lateral nerves marginal and joining midnerve at apex, | line long; second glume same but flat and shghtly smaller; floral ene, indurated, round on back, with inrolled margins, very obscurely 3-nerved, $ line long; palet broadly oval, indurated, nearly flat. with irregular, hyaline diaroine below enfolding the seed, obscurely 2-nerved, nearly 1 line long. Grain, a careful search through 18 specimens produced but one perfect grain - and that immature, but old enough to show the form, obovate, rounded, flattened on both sides § line long. PLATE IV; a, first empty glume; b, second empty glume; c, floral glume, stamens, and pistil; d, palet, ventral view, with two membranaceous lobes turned out. Found in southwestern Texas; common in Mexico. EAGT ie sive REO 4 AP DUM, Ir 3 r T are ee 7 PASPALUM LIVI 4 A\\ / i YK No, 5. PASPALUM PUBIFLORUM Rupt. Plant perennial, coarse, rather glaucous. Rootstock creeping, branching, and often rooting at the nodes. Culms few in a place, sometimes loosely tufted, ascending or nearly erect, geniculate below, branching, solid, angular below, nearly terete above, smooth, 18 to 30 inches tall, the lower joints woolly. Leaves of rootstocks rather coarse, loose scales; of culms 3 to 7; sheaths shorter than internodes, loose, smooth, often with a few scattered hairs along the upper margin; blade flat, 8- to 10-nerved, sparsely ciliate, 3 to 5 lines wide, 4 to 8 inches long; ligule membranaceous, ovate, lacerate, 14 lines long, decurrent. Inflorescence 3 to 6 narrow, spreading spikes, alternate along the angular axis, 2 to 3 inches long; rachis flat, bearing 2, often 4, rows of crowded spikelets in alter- nate rows. Spikelets broadly oblong or ovate, 1-flowered, 1 to 14 lines long; first glume broadly oval or hemispherical, with infolded margins, usually softly-pubescent, 3-nerved, 14 to 13 lines long; second glume broadly oval, flat, with infolded mar- gins, nearly smooth, 3-nerved, of the same length; floral glume indurate, ovate- oblong, convex, with infolded margins, smooth, obscurely 3-nerved, 1 line long; palet indurated, broadly ovate, flat, with infolded margins, smooth, obscurely 2-nerved, 1 line long. Grain oblanceolate, thick, flat on one side, shiny, dark-brown at maturity, not translucent, 1 line long, falling free or with indurated enveloping palet. PuatTE V; a, spikelet, side view; 0, first empty glume; c, second empty glume; d, floral glume; e, palet and stamens; f, pistil. Common in Texas and extending to southern California. In the Southern States is a form with smooth spikelets. Probably a valuable pasture grass. — TT No. 6. PHALARIS INTERMEDIA Bosc. var. ANGUSTA Chap. (P. an- gusta Nees.). Plant perennial, rather coarse, usually glaucous throughout. Culms somewhat tufted, erect, sometimes branching below, terete, smooth, or scabrous above, 2 to 4 feet tall. Leaves; radical, few, 2 to4inches long, scarious in mature specimens; of culm 4 or 5; sheaths usually shorter than internodes, rather loose, close, smooth, blades flat, taper-pointed, scabrous on both sides, 3 to 5 lines wide, 3 to 6 inches long; ligule prominent, membranaceous, obtuse, lacerate in age, 2 to 3 lines long. Inflorescence a dense, cylindrical spike 4 inch in diameter, 2 to 4 inches long; the shortly-pedicellate spikelets crowded on short, much divided, appressed branches. Spikelets with one perfect flower, and two opposite, small rudimentary scales or glumes below the perfect flower and closely appressed against it, 15 to 2 lines long; first and second glumes nearly equal, lanceolate, acute, carinate, slightly winged on keel above, herbaceous, hispid on keel, 14 to 2 lines long; flowering glume coriaceous, lanceolate, acute, rounded, completely enveloping grain, clothed throughout with short, appressed, brittle hairs, nearly smooth and shining at ma- turity, light-brown, 13 lines long; palet narrow, pubescent, 1 line long, 1-nerved. Grain oval, slightly compressed, and with small hook at apex, whitish, 3 to 1 line long, inclosed in flowering glume from which it is extracted with difficulty. PLATE VI; a, empty glumes; b, floral glume; c¢, palet. Grows from Florida to Texas and California. In Texas it has been cultivated, and is a very proiific and valuable grass. a~ tttat i del. T Holn INO, 93 ARISTIDA PURPUREA Nutt. Plant annual or short lived perennial, often purplish especially in the inflor- escence. Culms tufted, erect, slender, not branching, nearly smooth, 1 to 2 feet tall. Leaves; radical and of radical shoots with narrow, close sheaths and slender involute blades, 4 to 10 inches long; of culm 3 or 4; lower sheaths longer than inter- nodes, upper ones much shorter, close, smooth ; blade involute, hispid above, 3 to 6 inches long; ligule a line of fine short hairs. somewhat hairy at the sides. Inflorescence rather loose, narrow, erect or slightly nodding panicle, 4 to 6 inches long; branches 2 or 3 at each node, unequal, the lower 1 to 2 inches long, naked below, each bearing 2 to 5 pedicellate or nearly sessile spikelets. Spikelets narrow, 1-flowered, 5 to 6 lines long; first glume narrowly lance-lin- ear, emarginate, mucronate, rounded, hispid on keel, 1-nerved, 4 to 45 lines long; second glume same but nearly 2 lines longer; stipe hairy, $ line long; floral glume - linear-lanceolate, rounded, slightly hispid on the nerve above, 4 lines long, termi- nating in 3 separate, slender, minutely hispid awns 1 to 2 inches long; palet obo- vate, thin, + to $ line long. Puate VII: a, spikelet twice as large as natural size. Abundant on plains and ridges, in several varieties, from Texas to British America. It is the earliest available grass for cattle in the spring, but of little value when mature. PLATE VII l= ZF SSS" oe D). Olszewski, del. a ARISTIDA PURPUREA, Kth. VAR. ae a, a | A _ ‘ 6) - yet ey ne et I ma tivo itt “ne 5 Sa tet Bik tine ad a ty, on ap Le amet ‘ a Pe em aH peitd dest : | Pe ra iy Td Men Cy ae se No. 8. STIPA PENNATA Linn. var. Neo Mexicana Thurb. Plant perennial with strong coarse roots. Culms erect, densely tufted, not branching, hollow, smooth, 1 to 3 feet tall. Leaves of radical shoots numerous, with round, close, smooth sheaths, and narrow closely involute blades, 10 to 12 inches long; of culm 3 to 4, sheaths smooth, usually exceeding internodes; blades like those of radical shoots but shorter; lig- ules membranaceous, rounded, and ciliate above, less than 4 line long. Inflorescence a narrow racemose panicle 4 to 5 inches long; branches almost appressed, the lower 2 to 3 inches long, each bearing 1 to 3 pedicellate spikelets. Spikelets 1-flowered; first and second glumes nearly equal, lanceolate, long; awn-pointed, herbaceous, 5 to 7-nerved, 14 to 14 inches long; floral glume terete, coriaceous, yellow, clothed throughout with close appressed pubescence, 5 to 7 lines long, contracted at the apex, terminating in a twisted, bent awn, feathered above, 4 to 6 inches long; palet narrowly terete, hard, smooth, 5 to 6 lines long. Grain narrow, reddish, 2 to 3 lines long. PuatEe VIII; a, spikelet dissected, about natural size. Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona, a Pe = : | : = 4 if A, 218) A VAR. NEO-MEXICANA, Thurd. ia STIPA PENNAT. at Deaenif sei Bs a stk ae - BWA Bert ' ait | a L) No. 9. STIPA SCRIBNERI Vasey. Rootstock short, horizontal, with coarse fibrous roots. Culms tufted, erect, terete, smooth, 14 to 24 feet tall, unbranched. Leaves; from base half as long as the culm; of stem 3 or 4; sheaths smooth, or lower ones slightly scabrous, nearly equaling or slightly exceeding the inter- nodes, close; blade flat below, involute above toward the long tapering point, mid- nerve inconspicuous, | to 2 lines wide, 4 to 10 inches long; ligule truncate, 1 line long. Inflorescence an erect slender panicle, its base inclosed by the upper sheath, narrow and close, 5 to 8 inches long; rachis slightly angular, not fexuous; branches in twos or threes, appressed, 1 to 2 inches long, each bearing 2 to 4 spikelets on short pedicels. Spikelets 1-flowered; empty glumes unequal, the first 6 to 7 lines, and second 5 lines long, linear-lanceolate, acuminate, both 3-nerved, smooth; floral glume about 4 lines long, white-hairy, the hairs longer above forming a crown or tuft 1 line long; awn rather slender, 8 to 9 lines long, not hairy; stipe short, acute; palet less than 1 line long, obtuse, and adherent to grain. Grain nearly cylindrical, yellow, opaque, 2 to 23 lines long. PLATE IX; a, spikelet dissected and enlarged. Arizona and New Mexico. Generally in strong tufts. PLATE 1X \ \, y / 00 \\ f 4 \ i = see! = INS FH) > i AER ah VI ) i fo AS 0 aVe% 7A (\ WR.Scholl, det PEA CAURNS DAR \ ee t ; i ‘hs ‘ rx ’ | it ea te i ' 7 * a ” i ) t i De t ~ ‘ ¥ i i No. 10. ORYZOPSIS MEMBRANACEA (Pursh.). (Stipa membranacea Pursh.) Hriocoma cuspidata Nutt.) Plant perennial, closely tufted, thickened at base. Culms slender, nearly erect, not branching, geniculate, solid, terete, smooth, 12 to 18 inches tall. Leaves; radical, numerous, the scarious sheaths clustered thick about the base of the culms; blades involute, smooth, 6 to 10 inches long; of the culms 3; lower sheaths shorter than internodes, smooth and close, upper sheath longer and loose; blades like those of radical leaves; ligule membranaceous, ovate, acute, or lace- rate, 1 line long, prominently decurrent. Inflorescence a very loose, erect or flexuous panicle 4 to 6 inches long, included at the base, usually with 2 or 3 nearly equal axes: branches mostly in pairs, dis- tant, horizontal, divided in pairs beyond the middle, bearing solitary spikelets on long flexuous pedicels. Spikelets 1-flowered, 3 lines long; first and second glumes equal, inflated and widened below, narrowed above to a long sharp point, scarious except the 5 rather obscure nerves, minutely pubescent throughout, 3 lines long; floral glume ovoid or oblong, hard, dark-brown, profusely clothed with long white hairs, 1$ lines long, obscurely nerved, terminating in an awn 2 lines long, which falls at maturity; palet conical, smooth, hard, brown, obscurely nerved, 14 lines long. Grain oval, light-yellow, 3 line long. . PLATE X; a, spikelet; b, empty glumes; c¢, floral glume, with hairs and awn; d, same after hairs and awn have fallen; e, palet. In the floral glume, c, the awn should be represented more to one side. Texas to California, northward to British Columbia, usually in sandy or gray- elly soil. A valuable grass. The large seeds are nutritious, and cattle fatten where the grass is abundant. SS PUATE Se ‘ s . & Lid pall i be & 4 J =f ay i on Ati) er AA Mptodrit cs! : peo hiidi Shortt iid aap fey ae tae Barbi iy at AP nt i Tet PRS The NR aA f faite Lityieape dd belatr yay wr < rad ba WE Ra ; >t eer. RDU acy ean I ih hn i wubosatl ) ‘ ; Pi oie IN No. *11. ORYZOPSIS FIMBRIATA Hemsl. (Stipa fimbriata Kth.) Culms tufted with many root leaves at base, erect, striate, smooth, slender, 1 to 2 feet tall. Leaves of stem 2 to 4; lower sheaths much shorter than internodes, closely wrapping the culm with the membranaceous inner fold; blade filiform, involute, 5 line wide, 1 to 3 inches long, much exceeded by theinvolute setaceous root leaves; ligule conspicuous, obtuse, wider than blade, 1 line long. Inflorescence a loose, erect, or spreading panicle, 4 to 6 inches long; rachis angu- lar, slightly scabrous, flexuous toward apex, branches in twos or threes, spreading ov lower ones even deflexed, filiform, 1 to 2 inches long, each bearing 2 to 4 spike- lets on pedicels 3 to 5 lines long. Spikelets obovate, 2 to 23 lines long; first glume broadly lanceolate, upper half scarious with acuminate apex, often purplish, 5-nerved, smooth, 2 to 2% lines long; second glume same but slightly smaller; floral glume coriaceous, orbicular, obscurely 5-nerved, covered with loose white hairs longer at base, and bearing a smooth flexuous awn 5 to 8 lines long; palet obovate, acuminate, 2-nerved, 13 lines long. PLATE X1; a, spikelet dissected and enlarged; b, panicle at maturity. Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona, ‘Wn vy au a ai | hail: Rip ito No. 12. MUHLENBERGIA BUCKLEYANA Scribn. (ifuhlenbergia Texana Buckl. not Thurb.) Plant annual, diffuse, spreading. Culms tufted at. base, spreading, terete, slender, smooth, branching below, 10 to 15 inches tall. Radical leaves few and small; of culm 1 to 3, usually 2; sheaths rather loose, somewhat vaginate, or compressed and open, slightly scabrous, longer than inter- nodes; blade flat or involute, scabrous on both sides, 1 to 2 inches long. Inflorescence an oblong, loose, spreading panicle 4 to 8 inches long; rachis and branches slender, terete, oie purple, the latter mostly alternate, 1 to 3 inches ne, bearing solitary soilaslats on slender pedicels 1 to 2 lines long. Gonnelais narrowly lanceolate, 1-flowered, 1 line long; fhe glume ovate, acute, hyaline, pubescent, 1-nerved, } line long with a very thon’ awn; second glume same but little larger; floral glume oblong, 2-toothed at apex, 3 to 1 line long, 3-nerved, slightly pubescent on the nerves, midnerve excun in an awn as long as the glume; palet lanceolate, nearly acute, thin, 2-nerved, 4 line long. Grain narrowly obovate, rounded at apex, compressed, “reddiche panne ¢ pj line long, falling with floral glume and palet but easily excapine: PuaTE XII; a, spikelet enlarged; b, empty glumes; c, floral glume; d, palet, Texas, New Mexico to Mexico on rocky hills, PLATE All a l Holi, Le, By, late ei ore BERGIA BUCKLEYANA, Sc a ‘Te = No. 13. MUHLENBERGIA NEO-MEXICANA Vasey. Plant slender, tufted, perennial, from thick, knotted, or sometimes creeping rootstocks. Culm Sanehing freely below, erect, slender, terete, nearly smooth, 12 to 18 inches tall. Leaves ; of culms 4 to 6; sheaths longer than internodes. close, slightly rough- ened; ibladas erect, appressed, closely involute and setaceous, 2 to 3 inches tong eae an irregular, ovate, lacerate membrane + line long. Inflorescence a narrow, erect or slightly nodding panicle, 3 to 4 inches long, often purple; branches alternate, erect, hispid, 4 io. 1 inch long, bearing rather close clusters of spikelets on hispid pedicels 3 to 13 lines long. Spikelets narrow, 1-flowered, 2 lines long; empty glumes equal, lance-ovate, acute, carinate, hyaline, 1-nerved, 1 line long, terminating in a slender awn j to 3 line long; floral glume narrowly conical, lanceolate, acute when unrolled, thin, smooth, minutely pubescent at base, 3-nerved, terminating in an awn $ inch long; palet obscurely 2-nerved, 2 lines long, often projecting out of the floral glume; - stamens 3. Grain, none present in the 24 specimens examined. PLATE XIII; a, panicle at maturity; b, cluster of spikelets; c, spikelet enlarged, Rocky ledges, New Mexico and Arizona. S = = an D Olsxewskz, hel No, 14. MUHLENBERGIA SCHAFFNERI Fourn. Plant low, annual or short-lived perennial, Culms tufted, procumbent or Spreading, branching freely, 2 to 4 inches tall. Leaves ; radical, few and small; of culm 3 to 5 ; Sheaths compressed, open. striate, scabrous on both sides, margins white, 3 to 1 inch long; ligule membrana- ceous, lacerate, ? line long, decurrent in prominent hyaline margins on the sheath. Inflorescence a narrow contracted panicle, 1 to 2 inches long, often included at base, rachis and branches angular, hispid. Sprkelets.sessile, appressed, narrow, 14 to 2 lines long; first glume lanceolate, the apex lobed, with 2 short unequal or nearly equal teeth at apex, hispid, 2-neryed, her- baceous, rigid, 1 to 14 lines long; second glume linear-lanceolate, acute, carinate, short-awned at apex, hispid, 1-nerved, 14 to 24 lines long, including awn; floral glume ovate, 2 minute hyaline teeth at apex, slightly hispid, ciliate below, 3-nerved, with slender awn 2 to 2 lines long, or sometimes awnless ; palet ovate, acute,. 2-nerved, thin, smooth, 14 to 14 lines long. Grain narrowly cylindrical, reddish amber color, $ line long, falling with palet and glume but easily escaping. Puate XIV, No. 2, lower figure; a, first empty glume; b, second empty glume; c, floral glume; d, palet. Arizona. No. 14. MUHLENBERGIA DEPAUPERATA SGcrib. Plant low, tufted, annual or short lived perennial. Culms spreading, branching at each node, 3 to 4 inches tall. : Leaves; radical, few or none; of culm 2 to 4, with loose, smooth, broad, open sheaths, and short folded or involute blades ; ligule membranaceous, lacerate, de- current. Inflorescence «a narrow, contracted, rather close panicle, 2 to 3 inches long, . usually included below, rachis and branches angular, hispid, pedicels short, Spikelets narrow, 1-flowered, 14 to 2 lines long; first glume ovate, obliquely 2-toothed at apex, scarious, minutely hispid, obscurely 1-nerved, 2 to 1 line long: second glume lanceolate, narrowing at apex to a slender, awn-like point, scarious, minutely hispid, 1 to 14 lines long; floral glume narrowly lanceolate, with 2 minute teeth at apex, rounded on back, hispid, 3-nerved, 14 to 2 lines long, midnerve excurrent in an awn 2to 5 lines long; palet lanceolate, acuminate, rounded, envel- oping grain, minutely pubescent, 2-nerved, 1y to 1} lines long. Grain narrowly cylindrical, reddish-amber, lighter above, 1 line long, falling with palet and glume but easily escaping. PLATE XIV, No. 1, upper figure; a, spikelet enlarged; b, empty glumes; ce, floral glume; d, palet. Very close to M. Schaffneri and perhaps but a variety of it. Arizona, PLATE, XIV: PM esata Ge: 5) boa | et sYOl ae Va chiaee 7 pix a i 5 Gi : ak — iat ™ Ute hk at ie Vie ih eid 3 ‘amet bE Biro i) ale see te 13) 2 Saiki bs asp eu Hogs eS ALG I= OMA Sh tt tre ce gail (MER. Sg 5g ge ALA bate MiP SINC reel) reas ehh) Mee das iia F aril ne Mass ke we, Si iss a3 1 Paes oi re Rayiarail> Pe oe) Ae ie Je uae MTS iba as 'y ay yo potent : : : heer i Mp}< AG? 44% aL Sy eae: MES, AP METIS ae (Min Seteao ta eae 9 As SD ain ae O44 Tierdee at at Prat D Ski en vekini ay Nae ra vis 54 nM ™Y 7 ee setts We PAP eTown oul ea ; eee : nee eit ie. ‘ i i : X A: aver bar: TEMES ct ; A IS ET Seat | Yee ea ; eens aaa tf i } id ; a 4 ' BG SURE fm pee Ra th arta pegs aay | jie aE Ge Rie * j ; Giver viycene SA WESC LF | rm arn Let. mls ey) fe ; a ; Pj HS as 7 5 Pa ae rane A SER YT oer PRES RES ray ‘ 4 i re a : ; & Ewch, i , F ‘ ss yA, = 3 A ty . 5 7 2 a 7 t is ms s ‘a 4 c i -— = 2 ie ie 4a cr , ' i Le 6 S i ? e } IN@, ils; JENACIGNENOIS) IRISULEKOMDNSS) JEL IR, 1K. Plant perennial from thickened, slightly bulbous base. Culms tufted, erect or ascending, rather weak, branching, solid, nearly terete, smooth, 1 to 2 feet tall. Leaves; radical numerous, with short, close sheaths and flat, folded or invo- lute blades 1 to 2 inches long, with white margins and midrib; of culm 4 or 5; sheaths much shorter than internodes, loose and open, smooth; blades lke those of radical leaves but longer; hgule membranaceous, ovate, acute, oblique, decur- rent on one side, 1 line long. Inflorescence a dense, cylindrical spike 4 inch in diameter, 2 to 3 inches long. Spikelets 1 to 3 on each of the short branches of the rachis, one or two of which are commonly imperfect; first glume oblong, thin, 2-nerved, 3 to ? line long, terminating in 2 or (rarely) 3, unequal, hispid awns, 1 to 3 lines long; second glume ovate, acute, carinate, membranaceous, l-nerved, ~ to 1 line long, terminating in an awn 2 to 3 lines long; floral glume lanceolate-oblong, acute, pubescent through- out, thicker than the empty glumes, 3-nerved, 1? to 2 lines long, terminating in a hispid awn 14 to 2 lines long; palet lanceolate, 2-toothed at apex, rounded, 2-nerved, thinly pubescent, 13 lines long; the flowers are subject to the attack of an insect, which renders the palet inflated and hardened below. Grain narrowly lanceolate or linear, yellow, $ line long. PLATE XV; A, perfect spikelet, with abortive spikelet below; a, spikelet with the palet distorted; 6, first empty glume; c, second empty glume; d, floral glume, ventral view; e, palet; f, palet of pistillate flower distorted by an insect. Texas and Mexico, northward to Colorado. LT Holm, del Ce ha Le See eee Le ee oe eee ‘e nis; Ct Kes Mba Me 5 xs Je Ween eo Le es a “a ci 2 a ne rae iN A; ehh Be leate Bh cSt ig) 18 Sete spre aprerik INTE! mh | if re pr +z) +, ? wilt a) i ‘3 Uh ‘Ve Di dame Tete if ays C@'2- leh 5 by tt aha s a * : > J sa! Pe = . L " : it 1 ‘el ll ee as | yet Can a fe SEY ES ) ai Wong eet” Al wk ee Tee = a Al. Met Swe ; , ie mite Tw 2 ‘ic hy aeesal aha eke gts : 3 Vn rm "4 ‘ : ok I c at Pa 4 yr tie’ arias ae ; 4 = 5 ; Rrdacih Geathy ity <7 £ ie: 4 x Sa - ‘ fe rey \,- a ° , hid Gli e eae) tan Cy tye Yat 7; Pers ie Ae IO ee) aes pee J ‘ 7 b ; fe ; ' : Ramis far tall PRUNE! Ted UNTOLD AIK AK Bele Ses | Bi & | Hy) ey) ta trae | hee ‘ my + ne VEZ dL be ie A ae Tie Pt ca tae Vina i +4 ae 2 ; : . his ude noid Sig Abe A NS: 4a Jae pies - Bai. ah, : ia * ee 4 4 ; yet) Weal OF og meat en tea woe a ey ed Pai Bee Pest fie MAT ist & agile as io " ‘S44 ae weet Au: ge i a Nairs eVisit Oise coed ae ’ * BM , 2 2 f : , Les ie ‘te RESO RRER Ba) ver RGAE ir, comes Kh " s a} x ae aa ith prea Pe) ela ee ~ iE5 ~ 7 fi" SaPeriy et ey AS etapa! his tee ‘ ts | Moet dd Las ninth: 4 > eo i TA AS Let a Stet te ¥ Qalk Ph 6 Ry ay on 1 Bee ine ee SP OAALT Pp Hie: iat) C Gok gh tek Sotto peg oak Lis ed ta: Be ee a A 2 q A rs f + ati wit 7 peas Ke: PAC PRT tT Wee S554) seat feet ia! ‘ Kiel ny ae, WES bit fhe anh) a PERS i ae em taht % . 3 ay rare pa) itr Rr et ies in i? Ff om oh ll 3 fee Peg aby o ae shlciat te Pa) ee oe ' = a clerae atte mesh RL (Apnea: | oy) es ny Mere Chm Cay). a hie: Fi 4 view vh, Wiseat lb Mueigy a4 hy Teal fe ee rary meat - is *" } LeAPies WE BAAN \§ Ace BEETS) ‘ 3 y 1 fe d , | No. 19. SPOROBOLUS TRICHOLEPIS (Torr). (Vilfa tricholepis Torr.) Plant slender, perennial, often purplish in culm and inflorescence, smooth throughout. Culms tufted, erect, seldom branching, smooth, slightly compressed, 1 to 2 feet tall. Leaves of radical shoots with rather loose, scarious sheaths and narrow invo- lute blades 2 to 4inches long; of culm 2 or 3; sheaths close, nearly equaling or exceeding internodes, blades involute, erect, 2 to 3 inches ikem ligule membrana- ceous, truncate, lacerate, decurrent, + line lene or less. Inflorescence an ovate, pyramidal, erect, or flexuous panicle, 4 to 6 inches long; branches mostly alternate, slightly spreading, 1 to 2 inches long, divided sal rather loosely flowered on the upper two-thirds. Spikelets on long slender pedicels, lanceolate, 1-flowered, 14 lines long; first and second glumes nearly equal lanceolate, acute or obtuse, carinate, thin, smooth, I-nerved, 1 to 14 lines long; floral glume lanceolate, acute, or obtuse, mem- branaceous, pubescent or villous on the 3 nerves, 15 lines long; palet lanceolate, acute, membranaceous, slightly ciliate above, pubescent on the 2 approximate nerves, or nearly smooth, 14 lines long. Grain narrowly elliptical, compressed, yellow, 4 line long. PuaTtE XIX; a, empty glumes; b, floral glume and palet opened to show stamens and pistil. Mexico northward to Colorado. Jen WII OID R Zi Yy } \ ZF © D.Olszewske, del, No. 20. SPOROBOLUS WRIGHTII Munro in Herb. Plant perennial, coarse, with thickened bulbous base. Culms erect, not branching, terete, smooth and shining, 2 to 4 feet tall. Leaves; radical, few, scarious sheaths at maturity; of culm 4 or 5; sheaths mostly exceeding internodes, closed, slightly hairy at the throat; blades flat or involute, 2 or 3 lines wide, 1 to 2 feet long; ligule a minute fringe. Inflorescence a slender, erect, lanceolate panicle, 10 to 13 inches long; branches mostly alternate, slender, erect-spreading, | to 4 inches long, bearing many shortly- pedicellate spikelets on the outer two-thirds. Spikelets lanceolate, 1-flowered, 1 line long; first glume ovate, barely acute, membranaceous, l-nerved, 4 to $ line long; second glume same, but twice as large; floral glume broadly lanceolate, acute, membranaceous, smooth, 1-nerved, ? line long; palet lanceolate, cleft at apex, shghtly 2-keeled, 3 line long. ’ Grain elliptical, compressed, brown, 4 line long. PLATE XX; a, spikelet enlarged. A tall coarse grass, growing in dense tufts, commonly called Saccaton or Zac- ate. Probably too coarse to be of agricultural value. Western Texas to southern California, —_— SSS eee eee IAL yAM lsh, 2.0.6 = > SPOROBOLUS WRIGHTIL, tfunro pas rete ey Yrs ee ‘ ye | 4 Ry atid Wat Abn dete: ¥ ‘| ‘ n r a hom ® . _ marth: wt it a ipatde sa AF gs ee 4 UA: leah ae Pcs ZO hata ae ) io , pee ‘Ohsal tas m4 aie A aU ‘i as ies (ek thay ema il, % te eels en dies i sites Re) ash 4 ia #y cer phd ci are a Gin"? Ai ‘dn eye in elk ietug ee : . Peet ch a ae Me) ney | ' t nis VRE a, TOU yh nips Pd ; rie aie ey a | _ 2 as : 4 if T . ‘y) ie ES 7 . : ; a Tee ee he us anlt ‘ Pa MEC MD YET iE ae Hy a> fh hata EE Ci ORL SUF HO iit IN@; Bil, TRISETUM HALLII Scrib. Plant annual. Culms slender, not branching, geniculate, ascending, scabrous, 1 to 13 feet tall. Leaves; radical, few and small; of culm 3 or 4; sheaths usually exceeding internodes, open above, somewhat scabrous: blades flat or shghtly involute, taper- pointed, scabrous on both sides, 1 to 15 lines wide, 3 to 5 inches long; ligule mem- branaceous, truncate, lacerate, 1 line long. inflorescence a rather narrow, contracted, close, erect, or flexuous pannel 4 to 6 inches long, included or but slightly exserted; branches mostly in threes, slightly spreading, $ to 1 inch long, bearing pedicellate spikelets; crowded along their entire length. Spikelets obovate, 3- to 4-flowered, upper one sterile, small and abortive, 2 to 25 lines Loney first glume narrowly invnecilatia, acute, herbaceous, hispid on keel, 3- -nerved, 4 line wide, 2 lines long; second glume oblong-lanceolate, 5-nerved, twice as wide as cine first; internode of rachilla slender, curved, articulate above, smooth, + line long; floral glume lanceolate, with two attenuate teeth at apex, scarious, seapnl 13 to 2 lines long, obscurely 3-nerved, mid-nerve excurrent in a slender awn 2 to 4 lines long; palet narrowly linear, lanceolate when spread out, thin, 2-keeled, 1 line long, not inclosed in floral glume. Grams, none found in the specimens examined PLATE XX]; a, spikelet; b, empty glumes; ec, floral glume; d, palet. This differs from T. interruwptum Buckl. in its heavier panicle, shorter teeth of the flowering glume, and the higher insertion of the awn, Both species occur in Ake raa eXas, aoe p held ‘ pik ain dene i) apa # Vee is Tel REISE Oa Ain Ne . rb ——S Se —= SS - SSS