iiiiiiiii^^ HARVARD UNIVERSITY LIBRARY OF THE Museum of Comparative Zoology The Great Basin Naturalist Vohinu' A'TTl, 1047 Vasco M. Taxner. Editor Published at Provo, Utah, by The Department of Zoology and Entomology OF Brigham Young University TABLI-: OF CONTENTS A'OLUME Xlll NUMBERS 1-4, DECEMBER 30, 1947 Page The External Male Genitalia oi Some Rhvnochuphora. Arthur F. Bruhn ' 1 liodder Aphids, George F. Knowlton 36 Gull Fianding at Utah Lake. Number 3. Vasco M. Tanner 37 Index to \'olume VIIJ 41 II ,►) Volume Vlll OCT 25 IS-48 Numbers 1-4 The Great Basin Naturalist December 30, 1947 V TABLE OF CONTENTS Page The External Male Genitalia of Some Rhynochophora, Arthur F. Bruhn 1 Dodder Aphids, George F. Knowlton S6 Gull Banding at Utah Lake, Number 3, Vasco M. Tanner 37 Index to Volume VIII 41 Published at Provo, Utah, by the Department of Zoology and Entomology of Brigham Young University The Great Basin Naturalist Vasco M. Tanner, Editor C. Lynn Hayward, Assistant Editor A journal published four times a year by the Department of Zoology and Entomology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah. Manuscripts. Only original unpublished manuscripts, pertaining to the Great Basin and the Western United States in the main, will be accepted. Manuscripts are subjected to the approval of the editor. Illustrations. All illustrations should be made with a view to having them appear within the limits of 'the printed page. The illus- trations that form a part of an article should accompany the manu- script. All half-tones or zinc etchings to appear in this Journal are to be made under the supervision of the editor, and the cost of the cuts is to be borne by the contributor. Reprints. No reprints are furnished free of charge. A price list for reprints and an order form is sent with the proof. Subscription. The annual subscription is $2.00, (outside the United States, $2.50). Single number, 60 cents. All correspondence dealing with manuscripts, subscriptions, re- prints and other business matters should be addressed to the Editor, Great Basin Naturalist, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah. Reprint Schedule of The Great Basin Naturalist Eac!> Additional 2 pp. 4 pp. 6 pp. 8 pp. 10 pp. 12 pp. 2 pp. 50 copies $2.00 $3.50 $4.50 $5.50 $6.50 $7.50 .95 100 copies 3.50 4.50 5.50 6.50 7.50 8.50 200 copies 4.75 5.75 6.75 7.75 8.75 9.75 300 copies 5.75 '1 ' i { '^^75 7.75 8.75 9.75 10.75 Covers: $5.00 for first 100 copies; $2.00 for additional 100 copies. The Gre; UERmi OCT 25 19^3 t #isin [Naturalist PUBl.l.SHlilJ I5V THK Di:i'akt.mi:nt ok Zooi.ocv and Exiomoi.ocv BiiifiiiAM Young Univeksjty. Pkovo. Utah \ oLUME VIII DECEMBER 30, 1947 Nos. 1-4 THE EXTERNAL MALE GENITALIA OF SOME RHYNCHOPHORA * ARTHUR F. BRUHN Dixie College, St. George, Utah IXTRODUCTION Today there is an increasing recognition among taxonomists of the importance of consideration of the complete morphology of insects in classifying them and in arranging them in their logical phylogenetic secjuence. Regarding the Rhynchophora, with which this paper is con- cerned, some progress toward a more complete understanding has been made. In 1912 Sharp and Muir made a study of the male genital tube of the Coleoptera in general and observed that the various specializa- tions they noted in the forms of Rhynchophora examined would doubt- less be of future significance. Tanner in 1927 made a similar important study of the female genitalia and subsecjuently has included both the male and the female genitalia in descriptions of new species, as noted in his study of the subtribe Hydronomi. .Stickney in 1923 examined and reported his findings on the head capsule. Boving and Craighead in 1931 published the results of their studies of the larval forms. Ting in 1936 reported the results of a rather comprehensive study of the mouth parts of the Rhynchophora alone. The purpose of this study has been twofold : 1. To examine the external genitalia of as many varied forms as time would permit and to interpret, insofar as is possible, the phylo-ge- netic relationships that exist. It is also proposed to determine to what extent the results of this study are in agreement with investigations that have been made concerning other parts of the anatomy of Rhyn- chophora. * Contribution No. 113, a thesis submitted to the Department of Zoology and En- tomology of Brigham Young University, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts. May. 1946. 1 The Great Basin Naturalist 2 ARTHUR F. BRUHN' Vol. A'lII. NoS. 1 -4 2. To determine if the morphological differences that exist be- tween the genitalia of different species within he same genus are sig- nificant enough to warrant serious consideration of this structure in classification. ACKNOWLEDGMEXT I wish to express my gratitude to Dr. A'asco M. Tanner, head of the Department of Zoology and Entomology, Brigham Young Univer- sity, who suggested this study, for his consideration in providing the insects and much of the literature, for his valuable assistance and ad- vice as the study progressed, for his tolerance during the early stages of the study when a satisfactory technique of dealing witli tlie material had not been developed, and for other kindness too numerous to men- tion. Thanks also for the encouragement and consideration I received from the students in the department with whom I have had the privi- ledgc of working. SPECIES STUDIED The following species that have been studied are listed as they appear in the first edition of Leng's Catalogue of the North American Coleoptera along with the two species from the Islands of the Pacific. Family Brentidae liiipsalis miinita Drur}'. Figs. v3 a & b. Hctorcnuts 10-iiiaciiIafiis Montr. 1*. Islands. Figs. 4 a &' 1). Family 1 'latystomidae Iscliiioccnis iiifiiscafiis Fahr. Figs. 12 a & li. . liitJiribiis conni/iis .Sa\'. Figs. 13 a & 1). FaiiiiK ili:i.ii)y\E / lliyctTiis iiovcboraccnsis (Forst.) Figs. 2 a <& b. 1 '" a n 1 i 1 \ C " I K ( ■ I I . i( ) N I D A I-: .'^ub-faniily K in xcii rriiXAi-; k'liyiicliitcs aciiciis Boli. Figs. 6 a &• b. h'liyiicliilcs hicolor i^'ickhaini Ckll. I'1gs. ,^ a c^- 1). ."^ub- f ami ly Attki.a i! i .x ai-: Attclabus bipustulatus Fal). I'igs. 7 a &: b. Sub-family Ptkrocolinai". J'Icrocolits oi'dtits ( Fab. t I'igs. 8 a & b. Sub-family Cyladinae Cylas formicarius ( Fab. ) Figs. 9 a &: b. Sub-family Ai'Ioninai Apioii pciiiisylz'oiiicitin I'oh. b'igs. 15 a &: b. /Jpioii lurbulciiluiii Sm. I'igs. 14 a &: b. I )(,•(,■. .'iO. 1"H7 Mali; (,i:.\ italia m kii\ m lutnioKA 3 Sill)- family Otiorhynchinae Hupagoderes sordid us (Lee. ) Fit>s. 17 a & b. Dyslohiis 7i'(iS(ilclteiisis Tann. Figs. 16 a & b. Jiudiagoi/its piilchci' Fahr. Fig.s. 18 a & b. Colccerus inariiiorahis Horn. Fig.s. 29 a & b. Taiiyinccus confer Ins ((iyll.) Figs. 20 a & b. h'liiiioscaplia Ic(/uilIoi(i riut-r. .Sol. Islands. Figs. 1'^ a, b & c. .'^ub- family CiKci lioxinaj; I'liyloiioiiiits poslicKs I riyll. i Figs. 1 a, b, cK: c. I'livioiioni us itigriostris ( I"al). ) Figs. 34 a & b. Ifypera puiiclala ( Fab. ) Figs. 36 a & b. A'otaris punrlicdllis (Lee.) Figs. 10 a & b. N^olaris acthlops ( Fal). ) Figs. 11 a & b. Dory loin us brcvlsctosus Csy. Figs. 24 a & b. Tychins linccUus Lee. Figs. 38 a & b. Magdalis gfiilUls Lee. Figs. 21 a & b. Magdalis Iccotilci Iciwhrosa J'^all. Figs 22 a 6v: b. Balaniiius hacull ("bitt. Figs. 30 a & b. . I iillidiionnis graiidis lloli. Figs. 31 a &: b. . hitlioiioiiius s(/uaiiiosus Lee. Figs. 32 a & b. . Inllioiioiiius cugcnii ("ano. Figs. 33 a & b. Piiidclcus (tlho-rcslilus Csy. l^'igs. 26 a &: b. C'Icoiius calandroldcs ( K^and. I Figs. 27 a & 1). Li.vus terininalls Lee. Figs. 25 a & b. Odoiilocoryiius scutclluiii-albu'in (Say). Figs. 23 a (!^ b. Mononychus 7'ulpeculits (Fab.) Figs. 28 a & b. Ceuiorliyiiclius sulcicoUis (Payk.) Figs. 37 a & b. Rhiuoncus pyrrhopus Boh. Figs. 39 a & b. Crypforliyiiclius paroclnis (H'bsl. ) Figs. 35 a & b. Sub- family Calendrinae Rhodobaenus trcdecimpuncUilus [ 111. ) Figs. 45 a & b. Scypliopliorus yuccae Horn. Figs. 44 a & 1). Calendra parvulus Gyll. Figs 40 a & b. Calendra destructor Cliitt. Figs. 41 a & b. Calendra .zeae Walsh. Figs. 43 a & b. Calendra ochrcus Lee. Figs. 42 a & b. Family Scolvtidae Sub- family Scolytinae Scot yt us veil trails Lee. Figs. 46 a & b. Sub-famil}^ Hylesininae Dendroctonus valens Lee. Figs. 47 a & b. The Great Basin Naturalist 4 AKTiriK F. HKUux \\)1. \'I1T. Nos. 1-4 TECHNIQUE TIk' Rliynchophora examined were museum specimens from the collection at the Brigham Young University. The insects were relaxed by placing them in water and heating" it. often to a boil. The abdomen was then removed under a binocular microscope and was placed in a solution of caustic potash, the strength of which was determined by the condition and the age of the specimen. The structure was boiled long- enough to remove the fat and muscles. The tergites were removed from the abdomen, exposing the internal structures to full view in-situ. With a pair of hair-spring tweezers the structures were [)rotruded from the abdomen. Since the study was concerned only with the morphology of the external genitalia no attempt was made to studv those structures that normally lie within the abdomen during copulation. However, the testis and the ejaculatory duct were noted in many species. Within the external genitalia are chitinized struts of varying length, the median struts of the median lobe and the tegminal struts. ()ften ))arts of these struts rested within the abdomen after the struc- tures JKid been full}' evaginated. In order to show Ihem in their en- tirety, therefore, it frequently became necessary to detach the genital lul)e from the abdominal wall. GENERAL MORPHOLOGY The external genitalia of the Rhynchophora consists essentially of a tube, part of which is drawn within itself and has become chitinized to varying degrees. The innermost tube extends anlcriorl}- where it joins another smaller tube of different origin, the ejaculatory duct, which extends into the abdomen where it branches to the testes. The outermost tube, whicli makes up the copul.'ilor\- ai)paratus is attached to the eighth abdominal segment. The origin of the external male genitalia has been the subject of nuicli study and conjecture. Sharp and Muir .speculated that since the genital tube lies posterior to the anus, no tergite could reasonably enter into its composition. They further assume that since the eighth sternite is the last plainly visible, the chitinized Y shaped rod (spiculum gas- trale) that is found on the door of the al)domen represents the ninth sternite. Snodgrass states that the menibranr which nlal^^,•s up the genital tube is the ])osterior part of the \entt'r of tlie ninth primary somite, with the Y shajjcd rod (spiculum gastrale ) representing the 9th ster- nite. lie locales the anus within the dorsal remnant of the tenth. Dec. 30, 1947 ^TAI-l". Cil'-.N ITALIA OF KH YNCiLOL' I lOUA 5 Mftcalt traced the development of the external genitalia in one of llu' curculionids, . hitlionomus pomorum L. and in three other species of C\)le()[)tera. The conclusions are not at wide divergence with those of Suodgrass or the speculations of Sharp and Aluir. 15y making longi- tudnial sections of the developing genitalia in hoth the larval and pupal stages Metcalf was able to trace the deevlopment of the tube, including the formation and the chitinization of the various segments into which it subsequently becomes divided. On the basis of these investigations and a thorough review of the literature, including the work of foreign investigators, Metcalf has concluded that the external genitalia, includ- ing the spiculum gastrale that lies within the abdomen during copu- lation, develops from the endopodites of the ninth sternite and that, as such, this structure is homologous with the parameres of other insects. In the adult, then, the external genitalia is attached to the eighth abdominal somite. When at rest the tube lies folded upon itself within the abdomen, being extruded at the time of copulation. Figure 1 illus- trates the general form and method of attachment of the genitalia of riiytonoinus posticus Gyll. one of the curculionids as it appears when extruded from the abdomen by the artificial method described. Viewed from both the dorsal and the lateral aspects the relationship of the various structures to each other can be discerned. Insofar as it has been possible the terminology used to designate the various parts of the external genitalia is that used by Bissell in his paper on the study of the reproductive system of the pecan weevil. When terminology other than that used by Bissell was needed, the work of Sharp and Muir was relied upon. In the main the names used in the two studies are in agreement with specific dift'erences noted as they occur. One term, inter-aedeagal structures, was coined by the author. In a normal extruded genital structure the most posterior part of the tube is the median lobe (ml) which is essentially a chitinized por- tion of the tube itself. This structure varies considerably within the Rhynchophora from a simple trough in the Scolytidae and some Cui- culionidae to paired "plates" in the Brenthidae and others. Often these "plates" do not resemble such structures at all but are referred to as such for the purpose of clarity and uniformity. Attached to, or articulating with, the median lobe are paired rods called the median struts (ms) that extend anteriorly. Their size, shape, and their method of attachment is variable. Bissell points out that these structures serve as points of attachment for some of the muscles used to manipulate the structure. T!ic Great Basin Naturalist 6 I Ak'iiici^ ]■. iiKiiiN Vol. VIIJ, Nos. 1-4 Within tlic median lobe, t^enerally in a membraneous area, is the median orifice (mo). This marks the place where the tube folds l)ack within itself. The innermost tube is referred to as the internal sac (is t. Sharp and Muir have indicated that in Sphciiophorns obscurus this sac develops as an extension of the genital tube, and that it is not evagi- nated into the median lobe until the pupa is ready to emerge. This being the case tlie median orifice is often very difficult to locate, par- ticularly in tlie smaller .specimens. Ihe lines in the tigures used to indicate the location of this opening do not iiecessaril}' indicate its size an on the right side ol the ])aired hgiu'Cs represent 1 mm. As has been pre\ious]\' noted, it l)ecame necessar\- lo detach some of ihe structures from the abdomen in oi-(ler to .see the anterior lernii- nus of the median and tegminal struts. Therefore, for the sake of uniformity, all structures, with the exception of Figure 1. ha\'e been illustrated in thai manner, that is, their point of attachment to the ab- (hjminal wall has not i)een shown since it did not ap])ear to ser\ e an\ ])articular purpose to include it. In the lollowing descriptions the various species thai were ex- amined have been grouped in what seems to be their most logical se(|uence on the basis of the external genitalia alone. It will l)e noted ihat ihe family 1 Mat)slomidae is described following a group that includes some ni the Sub-families of Curculionidae according to the arrangement of Leng's Catalogue and that other Sub-families of Cur- culionidae follow tlie platystomids. The reasons for this arrangement are noted later in the paper. In the ligures ihose thai are labeled "a" represent the dorsal view of the structuif and those ihal are labeled "b" indicate thai ihe tigure illustrates the laleral as])ect. The following abl)r(.'vialions have been used ; ml — median lobe sg — spiculum gastrale m.s — median strut ej — ejaculatory duct mo — median orihce tg — tegmen op — oriticial i)late ts — tegminal sirui is — internal sac cm! — 1st connecting membianc 1 — flagellum cp- — cap-piece of tegmen int. St. — inter-aedeagal structure cm2- 2nd connecting membrane [)(•(■. .>(!, 1''17 MAi.i', (;i:ni'I'.\i.ia i»i' k inNciinnioKA 9 i)KS(i>:ii'ri()XS oi' strl'CTURKs s'ruDii'.i) Family r)KL[DAi-: niiyccnis no-i'i'boraccnsis ( l'^)rst. ) I'^i.u'S. 2 a cK: 1). Tlu- iiK'dian lobe- r(»nsisls dt' twn cliitinized i)()rli()iis. llie lower is ;i shallow ii"oii,!;li, llir upper a sinijle ^lra])-likf ])iece lliat terminates in ;i I slia]>r(l loup hexond whicli the lueiiihi'ane jtrolnides. 1 his mem- l)r;iiie eoiiiaiiis llie median oriliee whieli is llanked 1)\' orilieial plates. The dorsal strap jiieee forks anleriorlw eaeh fork joining with a lateral extension of the \entral plate to form the median struts. The le,ii"men is a r\n<^ with a (lor>al eap-pieee whieh is rou.^hly X shai)ed. the an- teri(»r forks of whit'h are hir>ulc. The internal sae extends beneadi and anteror to the lei^iiien. I'.\ eareful manipukition with hair-spring tweezers the sae in this speeies wa^ e\aginated. It is longer than the medial lohe ami its slians. ( )n [hr \entral surface is a narrow chiti- ui/ed strip thai extends into the llagellum and on into the ejaculatory duel. This ma\ he a datti-ned ehilin luhe since it ai>i)ears very loosely attached to a meujhranr. Ahoul midwax between the llagellum and the median orifice are two pouches, one dorsal and one ventral that ])ro- ject lateialh. These pouches are braced on their margins by narrow stri])S of ehilin which form a \ . ll is entirel}' possible that these ser\e as clasjjeis during copulation or that the sac is normally not evaginaled as far as it was b\ the artificial means used and that these are used in transferring sperms into the si)ernialheca of the lemale. Family 1 '>k i-.x ti]>ae CHAKAtTi':KiSTics OF TiiK FaiMIIA': The median lobe consists ot two ])lates. the lower is a shallow trough, fully chitinized laterally, but with a membrane or light chitin ventrallx near the median line. Tlu' ui)per ])late is chitinized laterallx' and ajjically. the center being either membrane or extremely light chitin. The median orifice is located in the terminus of a membranous ])ouch that extends posteriorly t rom be- tween the two ])lates. It is llanked by orihcial i)lates. The median struts fork posteriorly with one branch of each connected to the lateral edges of the dorsal and ventral plates respectivel\-. The legmen forms a Y ventrall}" with the forks articulating with the ventral prcjjections of a dorsal cap-piece which is deei)l\' forked posteriorly each of tin- forks hirsute near the apex. Inside the lateral edges of this cap-piece is a small chitin strip that is attached to the median struts on either side and serves to bind the tegmen to the median struts. The first con- necting membrane is attached in such a manner as to pull the hirsute The Great Ba&in Naturalist 10 ARTHUR F. BRUHN Vol. VIII, NoS. 1-4 ends of the cap-piece upward as tlie aedea,ii;us is drawn from the ab- domen. In both species the ejaculatory duct is visible as a small chiti- nized tube which enters the tlagellum near the anterior end of the aedeagus. F.upsalis minuta Drury. Figs. 3 a & b. The ventral plate of the median lobe is chitinized laterally, blend- ing to membrane near the center. The dorsal plate is narrowly chitinized peripherally the balance being entirely membrane. The cap- piece of the tegmen is deeply forked and the hirsute ends are rather ])ointed: Ecfocciints lO-iiiaculatus Montr. Figs. 4 a & b. The veiural plate of the median lobe is chitinized except for a ver\ narrow strip mid-ventrally. The dorsal plate is largely chitin except for a membranous lumen medially. The median struts and the tegminal struts are both rather large. The hirsute forks of the dorsal cap-piece are rounded. Family Curculionidae ."^ub-families : Rhynchitinae, Attelabinae, Pterocolinae. C}iadinae. Genus Notaris (Curculioninae). CiiAKACTERi.sTics OF THE Group : The median lobe consists of tvv(^ plates, the amount of chitinization of both variable. The median struts are forked posteriorly, one branch attached to the lateral edges of each of the plates. The tegmen is a ring with a dorsal cap-piece which normally projects posteriorly although it is sometimes pulled upward and anteriorly by the first connecting membrane as the aedeagus is drawn from the abdomen. The cap-piece has either a single or a double lobe. h'liyiichitcs hicolor wickhami Ckll. Figs. 5 a & b. The lower plate of the median lobe is very lightly chitinized medi ally. The upi)er plate is narrow and thin, the chitin blending into membrane laterally. The median orifice lies below and behind the apex of this plate. The dorsal cap-piece of the tegmen was pulled anteriorly by the action of the first connecting membrane in some specimens of this species. Cap-piece is hirsute terminally. RhyticJiitcs acne us \\o\\. Figs. 6 a & b. The lower plate of the median lobe is chitinized venlrally. the upper is rather broad. The median orifice lies in the membrane be- tween the two plates at their apex. Tegmen, as drawn, illustrates how Dec. 30, 1947 >[ale genitalia of rhynchophora 11 llic tirst coiiiicctiiig' membrane pulls the cap-piece anteriorly as the aedeagus is (hawn from the abdomen. Cap-piece is liirsute terminally. .Iticlabus bipustulatus Fab. Figs. 7 a & b. The lower plate is rather heavily chitinized ventrally and is about liall the length of the rather broad upper plate. The meciian orifice lies in the membrane between the two plates near their apex. An inter- aedeagal structure lies in the ilagellum. Cap-piece is hirsute terminally. ricrocoliis ovatiis (Fab.) Figs. 8 a & b. The lower plate of the median lobe is chitinized laterally with light chitin present on its ventral surface near the tip. The narrow upper plate is chitinized. The median orifice is located in the terminus of the membrane which lies between the two plates. The cap-piece with a single lobe is directed posteriorly. The internal sac can be traced throughout the body of the aedeagus. Cylas fonnicarius (Fab.) Figs. 9 a & b. The ventral plate of the median lobe is chitinized laterally and peripherally, but is membranous medially. The dorsal plate is very narrow and rounded at the apex. Between the two plates apically and within the membrane the median orifice is found. An inter-aedeagal structure is present within the internal sac. A double forked cap-piece which normally points posteriorly was inverted by the action of the first connecting membrane as the aedeagus was drawn from the ab- domen lies dorsally on the tegmen. The internal sac can be traced throughout the structure and anteriorly the ejaculatory duct can be tliscerned entering the flagellum. Notaris puncticollis (Lee.) Figs. 10 a & b. The lower plate of median lobe is chitinized laterally, ternunall}' and lightly so medially. Dorsally this plate is largely membrane witli a single orificial plate overlying the median orifice. The upper plate is narrow, and short with the chitin confined to the periphery. The tegminal cap-piece which was inverted by the action of the first con- necting membrane is slightly notched apically with the notch filled in with much lighter chitin which rounds off the structure. Notaris aethiops (Fab.) Figs. 11 a & b. The lower plate of the median lobe is broad, short and fully chiti- nized ventrally and laterally. Dorsally this plate is largely membra- nous with a pair of orificial plates near the terminus which flank the median orifice. The upper plate is short, pointed and chitinized on the '\'hv t'lvvnx JJasiii Xal uialist 12 ARi'iiik I'. Kui UN \()1. \' 1 1 1, N(js. 1-4 peripht'i-y only. The cap-piece uf the tegmen is undivided with a sli,i;ht incurvin.i^ at the tip. The cap-j)iece was prevented from 1)eini^ inverted during; eva.i^ination 1)V lioUhnii;' it iirnilx' to the rest ot the structure with the tweezers. Tlie internal sac and tlie eiaculatorx (hui are very evident antt'riorlv. I'amily Pi, a'ivsi'om jdaI''. ( "i I AK \( ii'.KiS'ius oi" riiK Fa>[]LV : riie nie(han lohe is a siui^Ie scoop-sha])ed structui"e w hicli is cliitini/ed \entrallv and laterally. Mor- sall\' the second conneclni^ nu'nihrane (.'xlends to the apex where the median orilice is found, overlain 1)\' orilicial plales or a ])lale. The median struts are attached to the dorsal and lateral etlt^es ot the median ]()])v. The teamen rs a rini; with a smi;le doisal cap-piece which nor- niallx' protects posterioiK. The cap-piect' is spade sha])e descrihed, the orilicial plate siui^le. The lip of the cap-piece is \A'r\ li^hlh' chitinized. .Suh-famil\ : Ai'iox ix \i-; Cdi ARA( ■n'.KisTK s OI' rill', Siii-j'A.M iiA' : d"he dci^ree of chitiniza- tioti ol the median lohe is very difficult to ascertain since Hu- structures are so tiny. Uoth spi'ciniens appear to he chitinized ventrallv and later- ally. The median Nlruls ari' attached to the dorsal eds^e of the median lohe in a distinctive manner for each of the two s))ecies examined. The median orifice cannot he hjcated with any dej.,n-ee of certainty. The teiiinen is a rinq- with a comparalivel}* laii^e dorsal cap-])iece The con- necting; memhrane cannot he discerned except hrieflv in one ^])e^■imen. Xo internal sac can he discerned. .■■Ipion turhitlciilitni Sm. Im,l;s. 14 a \- h. The median lohe appears to he a luhe composed of lii^hllv chiti- nized material. The median orilice could not he located. The median struts are attached to the dorsal anterior edijf of the median lohe. The te.c^men is a rin.o- with lari^e dorsal cap-piece which terminates i)()Ste- riorly in a douhle jxiint and anteriorly in a single one. The connecting" membrane that was discernahle under a compound microsc()i)e is frag;- mental. IJcc. 30. 1947 MAi.i-: (;i:nit.\i,ia or^ kii ynchoi'Iiora 13 .Ipion peHiisyl-t'oiiicitin Huh. Fi.^s. 15 a & b. Tlu' nicdian lohc appears to be a chitiiiized trough. Neutrally and laterally the chitin is rather evident, but dorsally the medial area that is indicated as being membranous may in reality be light chitin. C"er- lainl}' it is of different consistency than are the edges or the bottom ot' the trough. The median orifice has l)een tentativel\- located in this membranous ( :) area. The median struts are attached to the lateral edges (jl a short dorsal extension of the median lor)e. The tegmen is a ring with a dorsal ca])-i)iece which is rather bluntly ])ointed ]jostf- riorl\ and rather sharply ])ointed anteriorly. Xo coimecling mem- branes w ere discerned on an\- of the S])ecimen's of the s))ecies that were examined. ."^ub-families : nTiokinNCiiiXAK & Curcui.ioninaf. Characteristics of thk Two Suti-FAMiLiKS : Xo sharp line i)i demarcation exists between these two sub-families as they are listed in Leng's Catalogue. Some of the members of one group ap])ear closely akin to those of the other on the basis of the external genitalia. Con- sequently they will be described as one group, within which there is nnich variation. The median h^be is either a simple trough (jr a tube. The tegmen may be a ^^ a ring, or a ring with lobes. (Jften the internal sac is impossiljle to discern. The hrst and second connecting membranes often cannot be separated dorsally. but literallv and ventralK lhe\' ari- di\'ide(l by their attachment to the forks of the t(.-gmen. /\\'sl obits ivasatcliensis Tanner. Figs. 16 a & b. The median lobe is a chitinized tube as long as the second con- necting membrane and rather pointed apically from the lateral aspect. Mid-dorsally there is a depression in the chitin immediately anterior to which the internal sac protrudes with a single orihcal plate over- l\ing it. The median orifice is in the tij) of this ])ouch. The tegmen is a ring with short, pointed projections that were anteriorl\ as the aede agus \vas drawn from the abck^men. Eupagodercs sordidns (Lee.) Figs. 17 a & b. The heavier chitin of the median lobe forms a trough, but mid- dorsally there is a membranous- area which contains the medial orifice which is overlain by a single orificial plate of light chitin. Anterior to this membrane a light chitin band connects the two sides. The median struts are attached to a mid-lateral extension of the median lobe. The The Great Basin Naturalist 14 ARTHUR F. BRUHN Vol. VIII, NoS. 1-4 tegmeii is a ring- with two small lobes that are pulled ui)wanl by ihe lirst connecting membrane. Eudiagogiis pule her Fahr. Figs. 18 a & b. The median lobe is a short, round, chitinized tube the sides joined ( ?) together with the point of this juncture ( ?) very evident. The median orifice can easily be discerned in the membranous area at the ti[) of the tube. Median struts are attached laterally to a ventral plate- like extension of the median lobe. The tegmen is a ring, sligluly lobed dorsally. Rhinoscapha Icguilloui Guer. Figs. 19 a, b & c. The median lobe is a chitinized tube which is longer than the second connecting membrane, immediately behind a [)osterior dorsal depression of the lobe is a membranous lumen with the median orifice situated in its apex. The median struts appear as lateral extensions of the ventral aspect of the lobe. The tegmen forms a ring with the flagellum normally pointing posteriorly, but which have been pulled to an anterior position b)- the first connecting- membrane as the aede- agus was pulled from the abdomen. The internal sac has been pulleil from its position and is shown in Figure 19 c. Various parts of it are chitinized as is indicated. It is probable that those chitinized structures which are noted in many species and termed inter-aedeagal structures are similar chitinized parts of the internal sac. Tanymecus confertus (Gyll.) Figs. 20 a & b. The median lobe is a chitinized trough the lateral edges extending dorsally and medially leaving a narrow^ extension of the second con- necting membrane running down the center. A rather large median orifice marks the terminus of this membranous area. Median struts are attached to the ventral lateral edges of the median lobe. The teg- men is a ring with two projections which were pulled upward by the lirst connecting membrane. Inter-aedeagal structures are jjresent with- in the flagellum. Magdalis gentilis Lee. Figs. 21 a & b. Ventrally and laterally the median lobe is chitinized. the lateral edges inflexed some what dorsally. The balance of the dorsal surface is occupied by a posterior extension of the second connecting mem- brane which contains the median orifice near the apex. Paired orificial plates are found immediately anterior to the orifice. The median struts are short extensions of the sides of the median lobe. The tegmen is a ring with paired cap-pieces which project posteriorly. Dec. 30, 1947 mai.k cknitalia of rhynciioi-hoka 15 M(u/dalis leconlci Icnchrosa Fall. Figs. 22 a & b. Ventrally and laterally the median lobe is chitinized, the later;!! edges somewhat inllexed dorsally. The balance of the dorsal surface is occupied b_\' a jjoslerior extension of the second connecting mem- brane which contains the median orifice near the apex. Paired orificial plates which are attached to the sides of the median lobe and appear as lighter continuations of it. The median struts arc short extensions of the sides of the median lobe. The tegmen is a ring with paired cai)- pieces that project posteriorly. Oduiilocoryiiits scuiellmn-album (Sa}i. Figs. 23 a & b. The median lobe is lightly chitinized ventrally, much more densely so laterally. Dorsally the second connecting membrane extends through- out the entire distance of the median lol)e and beyond the terminus of the chitinized sides for some little distance. The median orifice can- not be located with certainty, but it api)ears to be situatied in this membranous tip. The median struts are attached to a ventral plate-like extension of the median lobe. The tegmen is a ring with paired and pointed cap-])ieces that have been pulled anteriorly b\' the first con necting membrane as the aedeagus was drawn from the abdomen. The internal sac can be traced posteriorly as far as the median lobe. Dory toui lis hrevisctosus Csy. Figs. 24 a & b. The scoop shaped median lobe is chitinized ventrally and later- ally. Dorsally the second connecting membrane extends into the median lobe to near its apex where it bears the median orifice which is Hanked ]\V two small orificial plates. Median struts are attached to a small ventral plate-like extension of the median lobe. The tegmen is a ring with paired and pointed cap-pieces projecting posteriorly. Within the internal sac is a chitinized tube, probably an extension of the ejacula- tory duct, which can be followed posteriorly to near the median orifice. Lixits temiiiialis Lee. Figs. 25 a 8z b. The median lobe is chitinized ventrally and laterally. On the dorsal-anterior edge the sides meet, but do not join. Posteriorly an ever-widening membrane lies between the sides at which terminus the median orifice is found. An inter-aedeagal structure that marks the anterior end of the internal sac is located within the median lobe. The median struts are short extensions of the lateral edges of the median lobe. The tegmen is a ring with short dorsal knobs that project pos- teriorlv. The Great Basin Naturalist 16 ARTiiUK F. BRUHN A^ol. VIII, NoS. 1-4 l>iiiorlcus (ilho-i'esiitus Csy. Figs. 26 a & b. The median lobe is densely chitinized ventrally and laterally. Dor- salh the chitin is much lighter and occupies most of the area between the heavy chitin sides. The median orifice is located in a membranous area near the tip and is flanked by orificial plates. The median struts arc short extensions of the sides of the median lobe. The tegmen is a ring with two short dorsal knobs which project posteriorly. The teg- minal strut is very short. CIcoiiiis calandroidcs (Rand). Figs. 27 a & b. The median lobe is densely chitinized ventrally and laterally. Dor- sally and anteriorly there is membrane which blends soon into chitin which is considerablv lighter than that at the sides. No membranous area is found apically, rather the median orifice seems to be present beneath the chitinized cover near the apex. The median struts are .short extensions of the lateral edge of the median lobe. The tegmen forms a simple ring A\ith a slight notch in the mid-dorsal surface. M onoiiycliiis I'ulpcciilits (Fab.) Figs. 28 a & b. W-ntrally the median lobe is chitinized at the periphery, a light cliitin stri]) connecting the heavier sides anteriorly. Dorsally the chitin is confined to the sides and to a rather pointed apex. The second con necting membrane extends well into the median lobe dorsally with the location of the median orifice questionable. It appears to be about two-thirds of the way back from the apex. Immediately behind, and within the internal sac, is a lightly chitinized inter-aedeagal structure. The median struts articulate with ventral-lateral extensions of the iiuchan lobe. The tegmen forms a substantial ring. Colcccrus uiarmoratns Horn. Figs. 29 a & b. Tlie median lobe is trough like, chitinized ventrally and laterally. The second connecting membrane extends into the lobe dorsally and terminates near the apex where the median orifice is located. Orificial plates flank the orifice. Median struts are attached laterally to a ven- tral ])late-like extension of the median lobe. The tegmen forms a thin ring around the median struts. BaJauinus bacilli Chitt. Figs. 30 a & b. The median lobe is long, narrow, and chitinized ventrally and later- ally to form a trough. Dorsally the second connecting membrane ex- tends to near the apex where the median orifice is located. It is flanked by orificial plates. The median struts are attached to a ventral plate- I )rr. .^0. 1**47 MALK CKMTAI.IA Ol-' K II VN C 1 1 OP 1 1 OK A 17 like extension of the median lohe. The tegnien forms a thin rinj^^. its strut very short. .Iiillioiiouins (jrandls lloh. l'i.i;s. 31 a &: b. The median lohe is a shallow chitinized trough, lightly chitinized \enlrall\-. laterally and on the dorsal apex for al)OUt one-third its length. l)orsalh' the second connecting membrane continues posteriorly to the chitinized area. Although there are no chitinized plates to mark its position the median orifice a[)pears to be at the apex of this membrane. The median struts are attached to ventral-lateral extensions of the median lobe. The tegmen forms a thin ring, its strut very short. . liillioiKiiittts sqiiaiiiosiis Lee. Figs. 32 a & b. The median lobe is fully chitinized ventrally and laterall}'. Dor- sall\ the chitin is conhned to the apex and to an area behind a mem- branous lumen that bears the median orifice in its distal end. Median struts are attached laterally to a ventral-like extension of the median lobe. The tegmen is a Y with long forks that Hank the median struts. . Iiillioiiomiis ciii/ciiii Cruio. Figs. 33 a & b. The median lobe is a long, narrow, and full}' chitinized ventrallx and lateralh'. Dorsallv the chitin is confined to a rather blunt a))ex and to an area behind a meml)ranous lumen wliich bears the median orifice. This orifice is bordered by a lightly chitinized orificial plate. The me- dian struts are lightly attached to the ventral surface of the median lobe. The tegmen is a largi', but slender ring that surrounds the median struts. riiy/oiioiinis iiigrirostris (Fab.) Figs. 34 a & b. The median lobe is a broad chitinized scoop, the second connecting nieml)rane extending into it dorsally for about half its distance. A large median orifice lies in the terminus of this membrane. The median struts articulate with the ventral surface of the median lobe. The tegmen is a Y the forks flanking the median struts. An inter-aedeagal structure is present within the flagellum. Crypioyhyiiclnis parochiis (Hbst.) Figs. 35 a & b. The median lobe is a chitin trough with the second connecting membrane extending into it dorsally for most of its distance. The median orifice, flanked by orificial plates, is near the apex of this mem- brane. Immediately behind the plates and within the internal sac is an inter-aedeagal structure. The median struts are attached to the ventral-lateral edge of the median lobe. The tegmen is a Y with the forks flanking the median struts. The Great Basin N'aturahst 18 ARTurK F. BKnix \'ol. A'lIT. Nos. 1-4 /'/lYlonoiiiiis posliciis (,(r_\i].) Figs. 1 a, b & c. The median lobe is a chitin scoop with the second connecting mem- brane extending into it mid-dorsally with the median orifice located in the apex of this membrane. The median struts articulate with a \ entral extension of the median lobe. The tegmen is a 'N' with the forks extending dorsally to Hank the mechan struts. A L' shaped inter- aedeagal structure is present within the Ragellum. Ilyprra pimctaUi (Fab.) Figs. 36 a & b. The median lobe is a chitinized scoop o\er one halt' as broad as ii is loui^-. The second connecting membrane extends into it dorsally lo near its apex where the median orifice is found. It is flaidvcd by the Miiticial ])lates. The tegmen is a Y. the forks flanking the median struts wliich in turn articulate with the ventral-lateral edges of the median lobe. A lar^e inter-aedeagal structure is noted. L'citlorliyncluis siilcicollis ( Pax'k. ) Figs. 37 a & b. The median lobe is a chitinized scoop ^\■ith the second connecting.; iiirnil)rane extending into it for about one half of its distance. The median orifice is found near the apex of this membrane. There arc numerfjus inter-aedeagal structures which are presumed to be a i)arl (if the internal sac. The tegmen is a Y with the forks llankini; the median struts which are attached to a ventral extension of the median lobe. '/'ye hi Its lineellus Lee. Figs. 38 a & b. 'J'he median lobe forms an inverted chitinized trough which is largely chitinized dorsally and laterally, but ventrally the chitin is con- hned to the periphery. There is. however, a membranous area near lln' dorsal aj^ex which contains the median orifice. The median slru's articulate with ventral-lateral projections of the median lobe. The Icemen is small and Y shaped and lies below the medi.an struts. I\ltiiii>iints l^yrrliof'us lioh. Mgs. 39 a & b. The median lobe forms an inverted chilin trough, denselv chiti- nized latrrallx . lii^htly so dorsally with the ventral largelx' membranous. .\ Miiall membranous lumen near the ai)ex dorsally contains the median orihci'. .Median struts are attached to ventral-lateral points of the median lobe. The tegmen is small and ^' shaped with llie forks Hank- ing- the median struts. Sub family: C.m.endrinae C'liAKAC'ii-.KisTics 01" THE SuB-FAMiEv: The median lobe usuallv iJec. 3(J, l'J47 MAr.is c;kjnitalia of kJiYNcnoi'iioRA I'J consists of a doisal and a ventral plate which are separated laterally b} a narrow stri[) of membrane. The median oritice lies in a membranous or a lighll} cliilinized area dorsally near the apex and is llanked by oriticial plates. In all forms the internal sac can be seen. The amounl and de}j;ree of chitini/ation b()th dorsally and ventrally is variable, often this forms the chief difference between species. The median struts are attached or articulate with the anterior end of the dorsal phite. In most forms the two struts are joined for a variable distance anterior to the point oi arliculati(jn. Tlie tegmen forms a V with the forks surrounding the median struts. The membrane surrounding the tegmen in this area is chitinized, in some si)ccies decidedl}' so. Attached to the ventral aspect of this "sleeve" is the spiculum gastrale a chitin rod that extends anteriorl\ and dorsally on the right side. The hrst and second connecting mem- branes could not be separated one from the other by their attachment to the tegmen as in other forms as the tegmen lies well within the "sleeve." However, Sharp and Muir have noted this and have labeled the membranous area connecting the median lobe with the "sleeve" as the tirst connecting membrane and the "sleeve" or the chitinized portion as the second connecting membrane. Subsequently Muir reversed this order and l)issell adopted the revision. In this paper the reversed order of Muir & Bissell has been utilitzed. Cdlciidra pan'iiliis Gyll. Figs. 40 a & b. The median lobe consists of two plates, the dorsal is membrancnis terminally, the ventral with an oblong membranous area mediall)-. The median orifice is in the dorsal membranous area and is flanked by on - licial plates. Median struts articulate with the dorsal plates and are connected for some distance behind the point of articulation. The hrst connecting membrane is lightly chitinized but is hardly discernible from the second. The spiculum gastrale is attached to this lightly chitiiii/rd "sleeve." Calendra destructor Chitt. Figs. 41 a & b. The median lobe consists of two plates, both tlie (l(;rsal and the ventral with membranous areas apically. The median orifice is in the dorsal membranous area and is bordered by orificial plates. Median struts articulate with the median lobe and are connected briefly ante- rior to the point of articulation. The first connecting membrane is decidedly chitinized with the spiculum gastrale attached to it. Calendra ochreus Lee. Figs. 42 a & b. The median lobe consists of two plates, the ventral fully chiti- The Great Basin Natuialist 20 ARTHUR V. liRlJIIN \'ol. VIII, NoS. l-'l nized, the dorsal with a membranous area terminally. Within this area lies the median orifice flanked by small orificial plates. Median struts articulate with the dorsal plate and are connected for some distance anterior to point of articulation. The first connecting- membrane is discernibly chitinized. Calcndra rjeoc Walsh. Figs. 43 a & b. The median lobe consists of two plates, the dorsally fully chiti- nized although it is nuich more densely so laterally. The ventral plale is chitinized apically and laterally with a distinct membranous strip extending medially as an apparent continuation of the 2nd connecting- membrane. The median orifice which is dorsal and terminal is Hanked by orificial plates of denser chitin. Median struts articulate wdth the dorsal plate and are connected for some distance anterior to the point of articulation. The first connecting membrane is markedly chitinized and bears the spiculum gastrale, and is marked dorsally by a V shaped intrusion of the second connecting membrane. The internal sac is massed on the left side of the aedeagus just anterior to the median lobe. No trace r)f the ejaculatory duct can be discernetandin,i^' of the various j4roui)s will be at- tained. The interpretations that follow are not intended as represent- ing- the final word in phylugeny of the specie* studied. Rather it is hoped that they will contribute to the general morphological knowledge of those species and the grouj)s to which they belong. ( )n the basis of the external genitalia the Rhynchophora examinevl seem to fall into eight groups, the relationships of which are noted below. They are separated on the basis of the two chitinized segments of tlie aedeagus, the median IoIjc and the tegmen. wuh other ])arts con- sidered when a marked variation occurs. The Jk-lidae, the Brentidae and the group wliicli includes the Attelabinae. Rhynchitinae, Cyladinae ( ?l, Pterocolinae, the and genus Notaris ( Curculioninae ) are all alike in one respect, that is, the me- dian lobe is composed of both a dorsal and a ventral "plate" each of which is attached to a posterior fork of the median strut. The Belidae are set apart from the rest of the group by the distinctive strap-shaped dor.sal piece of the median lobe as well as the large X shaped cap-piece of the tegmen. The Brentidae are distinctive in that the cap-piece is not firmly attached to its base, rather it articulates with it. The re- duced cap-piece attached to a solid ring is characteristic of the At- telabinae group. Ccvlendn'dae Platystomidae Brentidae Gcolytidae Curculionidae Apionidae C\j\adir\aeQJ Cienws Notaris CCurcuJionidae) Pterocolinae •Belidae Ancestral Form In none of the other forms examined was the median strut di- vided posteriorly. These forms with the single median struts are separated as follows: The Platystomidae are distinctive in that the tegminal cap-piece has a single posterior projection and is hirsute ter- minally. The Apioninae are set apart by a large tegminal cap-piece and a simple median lobe. The Calendrinae are .separated from the Dec. 30. 1947 malf. (genitalia of rfiynchophora 23 others on the basis of the partial or pronounced chitinization of the (Irst connecting- membrane to which the spiculum gastrale is attache- i. The similarities of the Otiorhynchinae and the Curcuhoninae have been noted. The median lobe may be either a trough or a tube while the tegmen varies from a simply Y to a ring, often with paired lobes that normallv point posteriorly. The Scolytidae are by far the simplest iU' all the forms studied, the distinctive plate-like tegmen without a strut l)eing sufficient to separate it from all others. The median lobe like- wise is reduced to a simple trough with the lateral edges rather high. r.oving & Craighead after a study of the larvae of numerous Cole- oj)tera have broken the Rhynchophora down into two large groups, the I'latystomidea and the Curculionidea, the latter being divided into the families Brentidae, Proterhinidae, Attelabidae. (Rhynchitinae and At- telabinae), Apionldae, Curculionidae, (Curcuhoninae & Lissorhop- trinae), Calendridae, Platypodidae, and Scolytidae. Belidae was not studied. Ting, in his study of the mouth parts of Rhynchophora is in gen- eral agreement with Boving and Craighead. He does, however, add the Rhinomacerinae and the Pterocolinae to the Attelabidae of Boving and Craighead, presuming that the larval stages of these groups were not studied by those two investigators. Although one species of Cy- ladinae, Cylas formicarius (Fab.) was studied by Ting, he did not include it in with the Attelabidae. The same species was studied in this investigation and has been tentatively included in with the At- telabidae, although it does differ from the rest in that the tegminal cap-piece is bifurcate, while all the others are essentially undivided. Whether this characteristic is distinctive enough to separate it from the others is problematical, therefore its inclusion is only tentative. There is no record of the genus Notaris being studied in either of the two investigations noted above. On the basis of the external geni- talia it is more like the Attelabidae than it is the Curculionidae. The dorsal plate of the median lobe is considerably reduced, however, and a slight tendency toward the division of the tegminal cap-piece was noted. It may be that Notaris is an intermediate form between the two groups. Within the Otiorhynchinae and the Curcuhoninae, which includes the balance of the Curculionidae investigated in this study according to the classification of P>oving and Craighead, which has been noted in the third supplement of Leng's Catalogue, the arrangement of the species differs somewhat from the arrangement adopted in the first edition. It should be noted, therefore, that this does not imply that The Great Basin Naturalist 24 .VKTHUR F. BRUHN Vol. VIII, NoS. 1-4 such an arrangement of the family should be adopted. The reduction of the tegmen from a bilobed ring to a simple Y shaped strut is easy to follow, but this is not always in agreement with a similar simplili- cation of the median lobe. SUMMARY 1. On the basis of the comparative morphology of the external genitalia the Rhynchophora investigated seem to fall into eight groups. In general this is in agreement with that suggested Ijv Boving and Craighead and by Ting. 2. The genus Notaris seems to be more closely related to the Attelabidae than to the Curculionidae. 3. The Cyladinae show similarities to the Attelabidae, but als(t show differences that make its inclusion within the group questionable. 4. Assuming that the common opinion that structures have be- come more simple as structures have evolved, or more specifically that the statement by Muir that the evolution of the genitalia in Coleoptera has been from the complex to the simple, is correct, the Belidae, Bren- tidae and the Attelabidae group are the most primitive and the Scoly- tidae are the most recent. 5. Where closely related species of the same genus were investi- gated, discernible differences w'ere noted in the construction of the external genitalia. It appears, therefore, that investigation of the geni- tal structures should be utilized as a means of identifying the various species of Rhynchophora. LITERATURE CITED Bissell, Theo. L., 1937. Structure of the Reproductive Svstem of the Pecan Weevil. Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 30 (2) : 242-256. I'loving, A. G., & Criaghead, G. C., 1931. An Illustrated Synopsis of the Principal Larval Forms of the Order Coleoptera. Brooklvn Ent. Soc, N. Y. Ifenderson, Lyman S., 1940. A Revision of the Genus Listronotus (Curculionidae: Coleoptera"). Sci. Bull. I^niv. of Kansas, XXVI: 218-238. Leng, C. W.. 1920, 1933. Catalogue of the Coleoptera of America North of Mexico and supplement 3. I. D. Sherman, M. Vernon, N. Y. Macgillivary, Alex D., 1923. External Insect-Anatomy, Scarab Co., tJrbana, 111. Metcalf, M. E., 1932. The Structure and Development of the Repro- I )CC. 30, 1947 MAIJ: GJ:N ITALIA OF RHYNCHOPHORA • IS ductive System in the Coleoptera with Notes on its Homologies. Quart. Jour. Mic. Sci., 75: 49-129. Muir, F., 1924. The Male Genitalia of Cupes conocolor West., (Cole- optera). Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc, 32: 167-169. Schoof, Herbert F., 1942. The Genus Conotrachelus Dejean (Cole- optera: Curculionidae) in the North Central United States. 111. Biol. Monographs, XIX (3). Sharp, D., & Muir, F., 1912. The Comparative Anatomy of the Mak: Genital Tube in Coleoptera. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 3: 477-642. .Snodgrass, R. E., 1935. Principles of Insect Morphology. McGraw Hill, N. Y. Siickney, F. S., 1921. The Head-Capsule of Coleoptera, Ent. Lai), of the Univ. of III. Tanner, V. M., 1927. A Preliminary Study of the Genitalia of the Fe- male Coleoptera. Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, 53 : 5-50. Tanner, V, M., 1943. A Study of the subtribe Hydronomi with a de- scription of New Species (Curculionidae). Great Basin Natural- ist, 4: (1 &2): 1-38. Ting, P. C, 1936. The Mouthparts of the Coleopterous Group Rhynchophora, Microentomology, 1: 93-114. Wilson, J. W., 1930. The Genitalia and Wing Ventaion of the Cucupi- dae and Related Families. Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer., 23 : 305-358. The Great Basin Naturalist 26 • ARTHUR !■. r.RUHx V'ol. VIII, Nos. 1-4 PLATE I Fij^s. 1 a & ]). Fliytoiioniiis posticus, dorsal & lateral aspects of ex- ternal genitalia & abdomen c. spiculum gastraio. Figs. 2 a & b. Ithycerus novaboracensis, dorsal & lateral aspects. Figs. 3 a & b. Eupalis minuta, dorsal & lateral aspects. Figs. 4 a & b. Ectocemus 10-niaculatus, dorsal & lateral aspects. Figs. 5 a 8c b. Rhynchites bicolor ivickhanu, dorsal & lateral aspects. Dec. 30, 1947 MALE GENITALIA or K 1 n'NCI I OI' II OK. PLATE I 2« ARTHT'R F. BRUftN The Great Basin Naturalist Vol. VTII. Nos. 1-4 Fij Figs. 16 .- & b PLATE II Kliynchitcs acneiis, dorsal and lateral aspects. .ittclabus bipustulatus, dorsal & lateral aspects. Ptcrocolus oratiis, dorsal and lateral aspects. Cylas formicarius, dorsal & lateral aspects. Notaris puncticoUis, dorsal & lateral aspects. Notaris octhiops, dorsal & lateral aspects. IscJinocerns infuscatiis, dorsal and lateral aspects. Anthribits cornatus, dorsal & lateral aspects. .'Ipion turbiilcnium, dorsal and lateral aspects. Apion pcnnsylvanicum, dorsal & lateral aspects. Dyslobiis wasatcJicnsis, dorsal & lateral aspects. Dfc. Ml \^H7 >rALE genitalia of kiivnci[ofiioka 2') PLATE II The Great Basin Naturalist ARTPIITR F. BRUHK Vol. VIII, NoS. 1-4 PLATE III Figs. 17 a &' b. Eupagudcrcs sordid us, dorsal & lateral aspects. Figs. 18 a & b. Eudiago(/its pitlclicr, dorsal & lateral aspects. Figs. 19 a & b. Rhiiioscapha Icyiiilloui, dorsal &: lateral aspects, c. internal sac. Figs. 20 a & b. Tanyniccus confertus, dorsal & lateral aspects. Figs. 21 a & b. Magdalis (/ciitilis, dorsal & lateral aspects. Hgs. 22 a & b. Magdalis Iccontci tcncbrosa, dorsal & lateral aspects. Figs. 23 a & b. Odontocoryniis sciitellmn-alhum, dorsal & lateral as- pects. Figs. 24 a &: b. Dorytomns brcvisetosus, dorsal & lateral aspects. Figs. 25 a niadi' nu Sejttem- ber 4, througli September IS, I'^id. The field again was cton).— G. 1". Kn..\vlton. Utah State Agricultural College, Logan. GULL LANDL^G AT UTAH LAKI-. Xo. 3"' \ aslo m. tanner PrutfSMir i)f Zoology and Entomology IJrigham Young University This is the lliiid and hnal ixpoil on the Ualitoniia (rull haiuliii.u; proicct started in U'lie UMO In lliis writer an42 only 300 were handed, numhers, 42-609501 to 609800. Due to the war and hii^h water conditions on Kock Island there was no handing; done in l'M5. hut on July 8. 1944 we were ahle to visit the colony and i)lace alumi- num hands on 16 vouni; .i^tdls. An aknninum hand w ith a red celluloid one was ])lace(l on the ri^lit lej;, and on the lelt le^ we ])laced a yellov\ hand. The akuninum hands used at this time were some U'lt over Ironi UM2. The numhers are as follow > : 42-609804 ; 609816 ; ()09825 ; ()()9835 ; f,()(AS44; (,iW(S5(i; 609857: 00<^,S(,(); ()C9864: 609868; r)09874 ; ()O^AS77 ; ()(RS*>1 ; ()(W.^: ()()*^cSMf,; and f)0<^S'^'). T(, ihis date I have not had i report of an\' ol the l;ii1Is handed m 1''44. The 1944 handinj4 part)' consisted of Dr. L. L). I'toutz. his youn^^ Son jimmy and Air. Irwin Urimhall of Payson, Utah, Wilmer W. Tan- ner, \. [ordan Janner and \ asco M. Tanner of I'rovo. L tali. Ihe island was practically inundated h\ the hit;ii waters of the lake. As a result only a very small area was inhahited hy the ,i>ulls. We estimated that ahout 150 pairs of skulls had nested here this summer. In previous \ears a few ]jairs of Uaspian Tern had nested on the west central part of the island, Ijut this year there was no Caspian Terns to he seen around the island. A larj^e Hock of Pelicans (60) w^ere on the island (south end) when we put in, hut soon moved out into the lake 1o the west. A dozen h'orster "I erns were observed on and tivin^' about the island. It will he seen from the above that from 1940 to 1944 there were 2.^16 California Gulls banded on Rock Island in Utah Lake. Returns Irom 96 handed birds have already been reported. '^2) T]-,g following- are records not {)reviousl\- rei)orted which have lieen received from the Pish and Wildlife Service in Washin,i.;ton, ]). C. - (1) Contribution No. 114 (-') Report No. 1 Great kasin Naturalist Vol. II No. 2, P. 98, 1941 l>:eport No. 2 Great Basin Naturalist Vol. Ill No. 2. P. 55-57, 1942 37 ^H VASfo M •iannj:k The (rrtat Basin Naturalist \'()1. VIILNos. 1-4 Dates of Banding Iimr 15, l'>4(i Juiu' 15. 1"4(> junr 15, l'>4() [unr 17, I'm 'Ml 1 • M 1 Band No. to (.S( )()«)() •U) ()4905U -ll-(.4>51.. ■11 ()4''735 luiic ir, 1041 4-f)4909.^ ]\u\v 17. I'm 41-(,4<)1(>1 111 IK' 17. 1941 41-(>4o;>2() Date, Place and Collector I'ouiul (lead .Sept. 9-46 at Oakland ^^• P'rancised r>a\, on San l.eandro side. California, l.v' j. II. Kickard, 1492 Or- ehard Ave.. Oakland Died in |nne 1944 t'ldin hying to swal- low a large fish head al ."^an Leandvo. Leslie Co.'. Calif., bv \\r. i'.ear. 2.^:V)-17 .\ve.. Oakland 6, Calif. C'olleeled al.dul June 2, 194.^ al Delia, Ctah In John S." Cdark. of Delta. Cta'h h^)und dead, January 27. 194() at ( )cea'i- side, L'al. by R. Park. American llotel ( )eean^ide, Cal. Found dead August 2.\ 1943 at Bel- fair, Washington by Llewellyn L. With- erell. .Star Rt. 2, IVlfair. Washington r.anded al I\(»ck Dland. Clah Lake. Utah ()-17-4L Found dead by Nat Loader, Pleasant Grove, Utah. Date of letter received July 16. 1947. Found dead at Long lleach. California on Feb. 26. 1944; by Mrs. II. R. Buck- les, 1428 C\'irtagena .St., Long Beach. California l'\)und ck'ad al 4\-nniii;d Island, Cali- fornia Jan. 2. LHv^ by .\. W. Knudsen, 2171 Oregon Ave., Long Beach, Cal. Found sick, released Jan. 9, 1947 at L'..S.C.Ct. iVir .Station, So. San Francis- co. California by James Reno .S. l/c h'ound dead al Lake Ouinaull. Jeffer- son Co. niouili of Oueets R. Wash, about .\ugusl 15, I'Hl. Reported by Cordon D. Ak'oni. (ir,i\s Harbor lun- ior College, .Xberdeen. Washinglon Reeoxered .Xi^ril 27. VHZ al Puerto de Tockxs Santos, liaja, Californi.i. by Al- varo Lopv7. l^ineda, Todos Santos, Baia, California Found injured July 8. 1942 at Fl Cer- rito, Cal. b\- Dominic booster, 505 Kear- I Vc. .>0. ]*H7 (Ml.l. liANDIXr, AT TTAH f.AKK 39 Dates of Banding Band No. Date, Place and Collector ucy St., El Cerrito, California and R()\-. C. Kappler, 214 Kamona Ave., El Cer- rito, California lunc 17. I'M! 41-^)49726 r.ird found on November 21. 1044 at Mc Loujj^hlin H e i j^- h t s , Vancouver, Wa.shington by vSji[t. Larry Kelley, Mc- Loughlin Heights, Vancouver. Wash- ington lune 17, I'Hl 41-^)490X4 Found dead for 1 or 2 days .September 24, 1944, 8 miles from the Dalles, Ore- gon, by J. C. .Spackman, Rowena, Ore- gon lune 27. 1942 42-609592 F(nmd with wing broken at Nyssa, Ore- gon on June 27, 1945, by I). Benedict, Nyssa, Oregon June 27, 1942 42-609792 Shot near Farmington, Utah. Reported Jan. 6, 1943 by Cecil S. Williams, Asso- ciate Biologist division of Wildlife Re- search, Brigham, Utah ? ? ? ? Dr. Pfoutz collected 10 alluminum bands during three visits to the islan. C. ; Washington, Oregon, California, Lower California, IMe.xico (Colima), Nevada, Idaho, Utah, and Wyoming. From this study it would appear that the great majcjrity of gulls reared in Utah go to the Pacific Coast and western states; also that gulls banded in 1940 and 1941 were back as mature breeding birds in 1946. Many females, banded on Utah Lake, were observed by the writer nesting on the dyke in the cooling reservoir at the Gent-va Steid Plant in the s]jring of 1946. This project has been of value in furnishing definite information concerning the migration and range of the California Gull. Many of the gulls return to the place of hatching to carry on their breeding and nesting. Female gulls banded on Rock Island were found, five and six years after being banded, nesting on Rock Island and the Steel plant dvkes in Utah Lake. INDKX TO VOLUME Mil Page Rriiliii, \rtluir F., article hy 1 Dodflcr Aphids 36 External Male Genitalia of Some Rhynchophora 1 Species studied - Technique -1 General Morphology 4 ILxplanation of Plates 7 Description of Structures studied S Taxonomy and Phylogeny 20 Summary 22 Plates I— ^■ 24-34 Literature cited 23 Gull l)anding at Utah Lake, Xumher 3 37 Index to ^'olume \'ni 41 Kn(nvlton. George F., article by 36 Tanner, ^'asco AI., article hy 37 Date of Mailing Xos. 1-4, September 15, I'MS 41 BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY Largest private institution of higher learning in the Intermounlain Region, Brigham Young University is organized into five colleges, three divisions, and the graduate school. Four quarters of instruction are provided annually. Colleges of Applied Science Arts and Sciences Commerce Education Fine Arts Divisions of Religion Research Extension Graduate School Summer School Departments of Instruction Accounting and Business Administration Agricultural Economics Agronomy Animal Husbandry Art Bacteriology Bible and Modern Scripture Botany Chemistry Church History Church Organization and Administration Economics Educational Administration Elementary Education English Finance and Banking Geology and Geography History Home Economics Horticulture and Landscape Architecture Journalism Library Marketing Mathematics Mechanic Arts Modern and Classical Languages Music Office Practice Physical Education Physics Political Science Philosophy of Education Psychology Secondary Education Sociology Speech Theology and Religious Philosophy Zoology and Entomology NATIONALLY ACCREDITED For further information, write The President BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY Provo, Utah mw CIMTHIIT PIINTIIIt CO., PROVO, DTAR Date Due 8tP ^ •66 n'^^