1 :::■::;::: ^iHiH'i'iii'PSpil !|giipfifiii?ifii ipplppplfifflf n HARVARD UNIVERSITY LIBRARY OF THE Museum of Comparative Zoology The Great Basin Naturalist VOLUME XIV, 1954 Vasco M. Tanner. Editor flUGl0f?55 Published at Provo, Utah, by The Department of Zoology and Entomology OF Brigham Young University I'ABLE OF CONTENTS Volume XIV NUMBERS 1-2 — AUGUST 10, 1954 Tingidae: Descriptions and Synonymic Data (Hemiptera), Carl J. Drake 1 Two New Species of Cinara (Aphidae), Illustrations, F. C. Hot- tes and G. F. Knowlton 11 Notes on Some Nevada Birds, Ned K. Johnson 15 Some Terrestrial Gastropods from the Deep Creek Mountains, Juab County, Utah, Ernest J. Roscoe 19 The Description of the Alate Form of Lachnus montanus (Wil- son), Illustration, F. C. Hottes 21 Small Clam Attacks Young Trout, Illustrations, Vasco M. Tanner 23 Gastroidea cyanea Melsh. (Coleoptera) Preyed Upon by an Hemiptera Preditor, Illustrations, Vasco M. Tannner and Gerald L. Nielsen 27 A Study of Some Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever Vectors and Their Hosts in Utah, Marvin D. Coffey 31 New Cover Design, Vasco M. Tanner 38 NUMBERS 3-4 — DECEMBER 10, 1954 The Taxonomy of Utah Orthoptera, Illustrations, Andred H. Barnum 39 Synonymical Data: Descriptions of New Hydrometridae (Hemi- ptera), Illustrations, Carl J. Drake 61 Two New Laelaptid Snake Mites from Korea, Illustrations, Ted Tibbetts 67 Studies in the Weevils of the Western United States, No. VIII, Descriptions of New Species, Vasco M. Tanner 73 A Note to Commemorate the One-Hundredth Anniversary of Koch's Die Pflanzenlause, F. C. Hottes 79 Some Observations on the Rostrum of Cinera puerca Hottes, Illustrations, (Aphidae), F. C. Hottes 83 The Type Locality of Triodopsis cragini Call (Pulmonata: Poh'.gvridae), Illustrations, Ernest J. Roscoe and Lottie . O. Roscoe , 87 Additional Records of Helix ospersa Muller from Utah, Ernest J. Roscoe 90 The Southwestern Research Station of The American Museum of Natural History 91 Index 92 / II ,^% The Great 7iW \mmi\im Volume XIV August, 1954 Nos. 1-2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Tingidae: Descriptions and Synonymic Data (Hemiptera), Carl J. Drake 1 Two New Species of Cinara (Aphidae), Illustrations, F. C. Hottes and G. F. Knowlton H Notes on Some Nevada Birds, Ned K. Johnson 15 Some Terrestrial Gastropods From the Deep Creek Mountains, Juab County, Utah, Ernest J. Roscoe 19 The Description of the Alate Form of LaoHnus montanus (Wilson), Illustration, F. C. Hottes 21 Small Clam Attacks Young Trout, Illustrations, Vasco M. Tanner 23 Gastroidea cyanea Melsh (Coleoptera) Preyed Upon by an Hemiptera Predator, Illustrations, Vasco M. Tanner and Gerald L. Nielsen 27 A Study of Some Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever Vectors and Their Hosts in Utah, Marvin D. Coffey 31 New Cover Design, Vasco M. Tanner 38 published by Department of Zoology and Entomology Brigham Young University The Great Basin Naturalist A journal published from one to four times a year by the De- partment of Zoology and Entomology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah. Manuscripts: Only original unpublished manuscripts, pertaining to the Great Basin and the Western United States in the main, will be accepted. Manuscripts are subject to the approval of the editor. Illustrations: All illustrations should be made with a view to having them appear within limits of the printed page. The illus- trations that form a part of an article should accompany the manu- script. All half-tones or zinc etchings to appear in this journal are to be made under the supervision of the editor, and the cost of the cuts is to be borne by the contributor. Reprints: No reprints are fm-nished free of charge. A price list for reprints and an order form is sent with the proof. Subscriptions: The annual subscription is $2.50, (outside the United States $3.25). Single number, 80 cents. All correspondence dealing with manuscripts, subscriptions, re- prints and other business matters should be addressed to the Editor, Vasco M. Tanner, Great Basin Naturalist, Brigham Young Uni- versity, Provo, Utah. Reprints Schedule of The Great Basin Naturalist Each Additional 2 pp. 4 pp. 6 pp. 8 pp. 10 pp. 12 pp. 2 pp. 50 copies $3.25 $4.75 $5.75 $6.75 $7.75 $8.75 $1.50 100 copies 4.75 5.75 6.75 7.75 8.75 9.75 200 copies 6.00 7.00 8.00 9.00 10.00 11.00 300 copies 7.00 8.00 9.00 10.00 11.00 12.00 Covers: $6.00 for first 100 copies; $2.50 for additional 100 copies. Mu. cewp. zooL LiSRARY The Great Basin Naturalist }' Published by the Department of Zoology and Entomology Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah Volume XIV August 10, 1954 Nos. 1-2 TINGIDAE: DESCRIPTIONS AND SYNONYMIC DATA (Hemiptera) CARL J. DRAKE Ames, Iowa This present paper contains the descriptions of new species, new synonymies and the transfer of several species of Tingidae to differ- ent genera. The measurements are such that 80 units equal one milli meter. The types have been deposited as stated beneath the descrip- tions. CERATINODERMA FORNICATA Stal Ceratinoderma fornicata Stal, Enum. Hem., 3:117. 1873. Ceratino derma fornicata Distant, Ann. Mus. S. Afr., 2(9) :240, 1 fig. 1902. The following notes are based on the type, female, Caffaria, South Africa, (antennae missing), in the Naturhistoriska Riksmu- seum, Stockholm. This is the only known specimen of the species. Head short, rather broad, black, unarmed. Rostrum fuscous, darker at apex, reaching to base of mesosternum; laminae high on mesosternum, lower and more widely separated on metasternum. Rucculae broad, areolate, closed in front. Orifice not visible. Legs short, with femora incrassate, dark fuscous. Pronotum black, coarse- ly punctate, almost reticeous, truncate in front, triangularly pro duced behind, with median carina barely distinct, concave, with collar and hind process both gradually elevated; paranota represented by a slight carina. Elytra (jointly with hind pronotal process) con- siderably arched longitudinally, with outer sides very strongly de- flexed and thus entirely covering sides of abdomen, without trace of boundary veins separating subcostal, discoidal and sutural areas, wdthout costal area; hypocostal laminae moderately wide, mostly uniseriate, a little wider at base, there two areolae deep, the areolae small; elytra dark fuscous, the areolae rounded; pronotum, head and femora lightly coated with grayish blue pruinose. 1 The Great Basin Naturalist 2 CARL J. DRAKE Vol. XIV. NoS. 1-2 The longitudinally concave pronotum, longitudinally arched elytra (sides very strongly deflexed), feebly unicarinate pronotmn and indistinct orifice separate this genus from Serenthia Spinola. Coleopteroides Philippi has a tricarinate pronotum and less arched elytra; orifice is also indistinct. Lullius Distant is more closely re- lated to Serenthia. PLESIONEMA ETEOSA Drake, n. sp. Broadly ovate, testaceous with head pale brown and eyes reddish brown. Body beneath reddish fuscous with median part of venter testaceous. Head longly produced in front of eyes, moderately convex above, armed with nine rather long erect spines — a pair of spines just behind the inner hind margin of each eye, a spine at the centre of the vertex between the eyes, a pair a little in front of the eyes, a median spine in front of the latter, a third pair scarcely in front of the second median spine, and third median or anterior spine in front of the third pair (hind or first pair of spines more widely separated from each other than other two pairs). Antenniferous tubercles long, slightly divergent with tips a little bent outwardly, slightly shorter than first antennal segment; first antennal segment short, stouter and almost twice as long as second, both testaceous, last two segments missing. Rostrum very long, testaceous with apex embrowned, ex- tending on second segment of venter. Bucculae long, testaceous, with ends contiguous in front. Orifice not visible. Hypocostal laminae long, composed of one complete row of small areolae. Pronotum short, reticeous, flat, truncate behind, unicarinate; median carina moderately elevated, extending entire length of pro- notum and collar, composed of one row of small areolae; collar long, raised anteriorly, areolate, about one half as long as the main part of pronotum; paranota wide, sHghtly reflexed, mostly five areolae deep, with outer margin slightly roundly narrowed anteriorly, with a large spine on each antero-lateral angle. Elytra very little longer than abdomen, broadly ovate, with clear areolae; costal area wide, slightly turned up, almost entirely quadriseriate, slightly wider anteriorly; subcostal area very wide, subvertical, largely eight areolae deep; discoidal area long, with outer boundary more raised and rounded, with a transversely raised vein just in front of middle, six areolae deep in widest part; clavus small, with outer boundary not very clearly defined. Aug. 10, 1954 TINGIDAE: DESCRIPTIONS (HEMIPTEUA) ' 3 Type (male). Cape Recife, South Africa, 1942, Drake Collection. On account of the armature of the head (armed with nine spines), it seems advisable to place this species in the genus Plesio- nema Drake, although the pronotum is unicarinate and the boundary veins of discoidal and adventitious veins of both subcostal and dis- coidal areas are scarcely raised. In P. humeralis (Distant), the pronotum is tricarinate, the paranota very differently shaped and the adventitious veins of elytra strongly elevated, areolate and quite numerous. PARACOPIUM GIGANTOS Drake, n. sp. Very large, fuscous-black with collar, median carina in front, paranota and widest part of costal area (veinlets of five areolae, the cells clear) reddish fuscous. Legs short, with femora moderately incrassate, blackish with apical half to three-fourths of tibiae and en- tire tarsi (including claws) reddish fuscous. Rostrum long, brown, almost reaching to end of sulcus; laminae testaceous, uniseriate. Ori- fice furnished with a long narrow sulcus with sides elevated. Buc- culae closed in front. Antennae moderately long, stout; segment III distinctly gradually enlarged apically; III very long, thick, evenly enlarged, only slightly bent, on the same axis as III, longer than III, measuremnts — I, 32; II, 21; III, 48; IV, 55. Head blackish, eyes black; anterior spines thick, somewhat conical, turned inwardly with tips touching, resting on the surface of the head; median spines rep- resented by a raised tubercle; hind spines long, slender, appressed, brownish testaceous, reaching to middle of eyes. Body beneath dark fuscous, more blackish on sterna. Pronotum moderately convex, reticious; carinae about equally elevated, each composed of one row of small areolae, the lateral pair slightly convex within in front of disc; paranota narrow behind; slightly wider in front, uniseriate along humeri, with a few extra cells in wider part opposite calli; hood raised, areolate; hind projec- tion very long, areolate. Elytra long, with sides subparallel; costal area narrow, the transparent areolae with brownish veinlets in widest part larger; subcostal area wide, with four rows of small areolae, discoidal area large, extending beyond the middle, narrowed at both ends, widest at middle, there seven or eight cells deep, the areolae slightly larger than in subcostal; sutural area with areolae a little larger. The Great Basin Naturalist 4 CARL J. DRAKE Vol. XIV, NoS. 1-2 Length, 6.25 mm.; width, 1.90 mm. Type (female), Perinel, Province of Analamasotra, Madagascar, in Drake Collection. Paratype; 1 specimen, labeled 'Madagascar' collected by Grandidier, in 1874, Paris Museum. The large size, color and markings, and the long fourth antennal segment (longer than the third) separate this insect from other Af- rican species of Paracopium Distant. The shortly pilose antennae as well as the shape and attachment of the fourth segment places this species in Paracopium rather than Copium. New combinations: A study of the types (in Congo Beige Museum, Tevuren, Belgium) of Copium antennatum. Schouteden (Rev. Zool. Afr., 11:5, 1923), C. bequaerti Schouteden (p. 5), C. ghesquierei Schouteden (p. 6-7) and C. lupakense Schouteden (p. 7) show that these species are typical members of the genus Paracopium and are here so transferred. Catoplatus hurgeoni Schouteden {loc. cit., p. 8) also belongs to the genus Paracopium, and has nothing to do with the genus Catop- latus Spinola. It is somewhat atypical of Paracopium, but fits better here than in any other genus. The antennae are very long, slender, shortly pilose, measurements — I, 30; II, 17; III, 172; IV, 45. The elytra are broad; costal area wide, mostly biseriate, triseriate in widest part. DICONOCORIS DISTANTI Drake, n. sp. Elasmognathus greeni Distant (not Kirby), Fauna Brit. India, Rhynch., 2:142, fig. 105 (in part). 1902. Head black, armed with five long spines; anterior spines black, upright, divergent laterally with inner sides concave; median spines upright, black; posterior pair appressed, black, sometimes brownish apically. Eyes black. Antennae long, very slender, pale testaceous with first (save narrow apex) and apical three-fourths of fourth segments black, measurements — I, 18; II, 12; III, 82, IV, 55. Buc- culae broad, areolate, closed in front, black, sometimes with inferior and hind margins brownish. Rostrum brown, reaching to middle of metasternum; laminae high, uniseriate, black, often with inferior margin brownish. Orifice not visible. Aug. 10, 1954 TINGIDAE: DESCRIPTIONS (hEMIPTERa) ■ 5 Pronotum strongly convex, very coarsely punctate, areolate on hind projection, tricarinate; median carinae moderately elevated, uniseriate; lateral carinae concealed by large paranota, save on triangular projection, there short and parallel; under paranotuni (right removed) — strongly archly elevated, divergent anteriorly, terminating some distance behind calli, composed of one row of ver}"" high areolae; hood brown, moderately high, not very wide; paranota enormously developed, very high, finger-like shaped, reflexed, with rounded base resting on pronotum, with outer edge not quite ex- tending to median carina; projecting obliquely laterally upward (two divergent laterally), with crest rounded behind, with anterior side constricted at the middle so that the top protrudes, about twice as high as basal length. Elytra black or fuscous-black with costal area (save transverse band and apical part) pale testaceous, slightly con- cavely widened to median band, deeply constricted behind band; costal area wide, mostly triseriate with clear areolae (four cells deep and fuscous-black in median band, also in darkened apical part) ; subcostal area much narrower, biseriate, discoidal area large, extend- ing beyond middle of elytra, with outer boundary vein slightly con- cave within, narrowed at both ends, widest near middle, there seven areolae deep; sutural area with areolae deeply clouded with black- fuscous, save three or four cells on apical margin. Hypocostal lami- nae uniseriate. Body beneath black. Length, 5.50-6.20 mm.; width, 1.00-1.20 mm. Type (male) and allotype (female), Peradeniya, Ceylon, 1911, taken by J. C. F. Fryer, British Museum. Para types: 6 specimens taken with type and 6 specimens, Henaratgoda, Ceylon, Nov. 1 1 , 1902, Dr. Uzel. This species was very finely but wrongly illustrated by Distant (loc. cit., p. 142, fig. 105) as E. greeni Kirby. E. distanti (=: greeni Distant, nee. Kirby) is wider, longer (black) first antennal segment, larger and taller finger-like paranotal processes of pronotum and a much wider, triseriate costal area of elytra. The true E. greeni Kirby is very closely related to E. hewetti (Distant). CYSTEOCHILA WECHINAI Drake, new name Cysteochila chianiana Drake, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 67:5-6. 1954. As the specific name chiniana was used by the writer in 19*12 The Great Basin Naturalist 6 CARL J. DRAKE Vol. XIV, NoS. 1-2 for a species of Cysteochila from China, the name wechinai is here proposed for species cited above from PhiHppines. LEPTOPHARSA MILLERI Drake, n. sp. Small, slender, oblong, pale testaceous with a few fuscous or black-fuscous markings as described in structural characters. Head fuscous, shining, with five, long, slender, pale testaceous spines; median spine erect, longer than front pair; hind pair longest, ap- pressed; eyes large, fuscous. Bucculae pale testaceous, closed in front. Rostrum testaceous, dark at apex, barely reaching metastern- um; laminae pale testaceous, meeting behind, not constricted on mesosternum, more widely separated on metasternum, uniseriate, the areolae moderately large. Orifice with a pale testaceous channel. Antennae long, slender, indistinctly setose; segments I and II mode rately swollen, black-fuscous, shining; III very long, pale testaceous; IV dark fuscous, shortly pilose, measurements — I, 15; II, 9; III, 86, IV, 33. Pronotum pale stramineous, moderately convex, punctate, tri- carinate; collar testaceous, raised anteriorly; paranota moderately wide, pale testaceous, uniseriate, the areolae moderately large and clear; calli deeply impressed, blackish; carinae moderately elevated, each composed of one row of moderately large areolae, the median becoming slightly lower posteriorly; lateral carinae distinctly di- vergent anteriorly; hind process pale, areolate. Elytra narrow, with tips partly overlapping and jointly rounded behind; pale testaceous, with areolae of discoidal, vein between discoidal and sutural areas and veinlets in subcostal bordering darkened part of discoidal and some veinlets in sutural area infuscate; costal area moderately wide, uniseriate; subcostal area narrower, biseriate; discoidal area extend- ing a little beyond middle of elytra, three cells deep in widest part at middle. Wings whitish, nearly as long as elytra. Body beneath stramineous. Length, 2.80 mm., width, 0.95 mm. Type (female), Salisbury, South Rhodesia, Africa, Feb. 4, 1953, on "Polony tree," in Brit. Mus. Paratypes: 14 specimens, males and f(Mnales, same locality as type, Jan., 1954. This species is quite typical of the genus Leptopharsa Stal, and is much smaller than other African species described in the genus. Aug. 10, 1954 TINGIDAE: DESCRIPTIONS (hEMIPTERA) 7 LEPTOPHARSA QUADRATA Drake, n. sp. Small, oblong, brownish fuscous with costal area, paranota, legs and antennae (last segment brown) pale testaceous; areolae in para- nota and costal area very clear. Pronotum, subcostal, discoidal and sutural areas sparsely clothed with very short golden pubescence. Head black, with some grayish pubescence; median and anterior spines rather short, stout, blunt, testaceous, turned downward; hind spines greatly reduced, brownish. Bucculae short, broad, areolate, closed in front. Antennae shortly pilose, with last segment sub- clavate, measurements — I, 7; II, 6; III, 37; IV, 17. Rostrum short, with apex between fore coxae; laminae widely separated and slightly divergent posteriorly on mesosternum, more widely separated and cordate on metasternum, with ends meeting behind. Orifice wi^h a pale, raised sulcus. Hypocostal laminae narrow, composed of one row of tiny areolae. Pronotum slightly convex, punctate, strongly narrowed an- teriorly, tricarinate; lateral carinae long, extending anteriorly on calli, slightly convex and divergent in front of disc, all carinae with- out areolae; collar broad, areolate, raised anteriorly, without hood; paranota rather narrow, wider in front, uniseriate opposite humeri, much wider and biseriate opposite calli and collar. Elytra slowly narrowed posteriorly from middle, with apices jointly rounded be- hind; costal area moderately wide, thin, composed of one row of largely quadrate or rectangular cells (mostly a little wider than long) ; subcostal area composed of four rows of very small cells, about as wide as costal; discoidal area narrow, extending beyond middle of elytra, acutely angular at both ends, widest at middle, there four cells deep; sutural area with a little larger areolae. Length, 2.12 mm.; width, 0.90 mm. Type (female) Durban, Natal, May 20, 1951, Drake Collection. The large, clear, quadrate cells of the costal area separate this species at once from all described species in the genus. GALEATUS SCROPHICUS Saunders GaleatKs scrophicus Saunders, Ent. Monthl. Mag., 13:103. 1876. Galeatus semilucidus Jakovlef, Revue mens. d'Ent., 1:121. 1884. Galeatus scrophicus Horvath, Ann. Mus. Nat. Hist. Hung., 4:52. 1906. Cademilus retairius Distant, Ann. See. Belg., 53:114. 1910. Cademilus retairius Distant, Fauna Brit. India, Rliynch., 5:107-108. 1910. The Great Basin Naturalist 8 CARL J. DRAKE Vol. XIV, NoS. 1-2 A Study of the types and other specimens of Galeatus scrophicus Saunders and G. retairius Distant show that these two names apply to the same species, and the latter is here placed in synonymy (new- synonymy). G. scrophicus is recorded in the literature from south- eastern Europe and northern Africa. Distant described retairius from India and lists the food plant as Chrysanthemums. Many specimens, taken on sunflowers, have been examined from Egyptian Sudan (Khartaum), northern Transvaal (Njelele river) and South- west Africa (Okhandja). Several specimens, Senegal (Bombey, April 27, 1943, Risbec) were collected on '"saldades." GENUS BAKO Schouteden Bako Schouteden, Rev. Zool. Afr., 11:10. 1923. Galeotingis Drake, Bol. Mus. Nat., Rio de Janeiro, no. 81, p. 1-2. 1947. Through the kindness of Dr. H. Schouteden, Belgium Congo Museum, Bruxelles, I have been able to study the type of the genus Bako (B. lebruni Schout.) and find that the genus Galeotingis Drake is inseparable from it (new synonymy). G. malayana Drake and G. usumhurana Drake are here transferred to the genus Bako. A com- parison of specimens of B. lebruni and usurnhrana ma}' make it necessary to place the latter in synonymy. XENOTINGIS LUZONANA Drake, n. sp. Slender, testaceous with veinlets of large paranota more brown- ish, the areolae hyaline. Head brown, largely concealed (apex vis- ible) from above by hood, unarmed. Antennae with first two seg- ments short, brown, others wanting. Rostrum concealed by cardboard point. Legs slender, long, testaceous. Bucculae testaceous, closed in front. Orifice distinct. Hypocostal laminae rather narrow, un- iseriate. Body beneath black, the thorax brown. Pronotum concealed from dorsal aspect by the extremely large, semiglobose, reflexed, upright paranota which meet within above median carina, moderately convex, tricarinate; carinae thin, mode- rately elevated, with areolae not plainly visible; hood rather high, compressed laterally, covering basal part of head; paranota very large, longer than high (105:65), extending from near the front mar- gin of collar posteriorly to end of hind pronotal process, with large areolae. Elytra much longer than abdomen, rather narrow, wdth apices overlapping and jointly rounded behind; costal area wide, Aug. 10, 1954 TINGIDAE: DESCRIPTIONS (hEMIPTERA) 9 biseriate, with very large areolae, with outer row of areolae almost completely reflexed, with outer edge resting on elytral surface on boundary between discoidal and subcostal areas, the two surfaces almost in contact and at most only slightly separated; discoidal area about reaching to middle of elytra, narrowed at both ends, two cells deep at middle; sutural area with fairly large areolae. Wings not visible. Length, 3.25 mm.; width, 1.00 mm. Type (female), Mt. Makiling, Luzon, Philippines, C. F. Baker, Drake Collection. This species is very much smaller than X. horni and other de- scribed species. It is about the same size and very similar in general appearance as the new species described below. XENOTINGIS PAPUANA Drake, n. sp. Small, slender, brownish testaceous with veinlets and areolate structures of pronotum dark fuscous. Body beneath dark fuscous with the thorax more brownish. Head fuscous; median and hind spines short, brown, appressed. Rostrum long, with tip near end of sulcus, dark brown; laminae testaceous, uniseriate. Orifice with large chan- nel. Bucculae contiguous in front. Legs long, slender, testaceous. Hypocostal laminae narrow, uniseriate. Pronotum concealed dorsally by very large, reflexed paranota (only anterior part of hood visible); hood very large, inflated, un- usually long, covering basal part of head and then extending pos teriorly to base of posterior process of pronotum, a little compressed laterally, twice as long as high; median carina short, sharply raised anteriorly; lateral carinae extremely high, almost as high and half as long as hood, clouded with dark fuscous, semicircular in outline, nearly twice as high as long (65:38), with upper margin quite evenly rounded, composed of one row of very high cells; paranota extend- ing from near front margin of collar posterior to middle of hind pronotal process, much longer than high (102:64), with the basal row of cells rather small and then the second row on the sides ex- tremely high. Elytra much longer than abdomen, rather narrow, with moderately large, clear areolae; costal area wide, triseriate, with outer row of cells large, quadrate and completely reflexed so The Great Basin Naturalist 10 CARL J. DRAKE Vol. XIV, NoS. 1-2 that the outer edge rests on the boundary between subcostal and discoidal areas, the two inner or non-reflexed rows smaller and to- gether not wider than outer; subcostal area very narrow; sutural area large, with areolae moderately large and not very regularly arranged; discoidal area large, reaching a little beyond middle of elytra, acutely angulate at both ends, widest at middle, there five cells deep. Wings atrophied. Length, 3.35 mm.; width, 1.0 mm. Type (male), Kokoda, Papua, elevation 1,200 feet, June, 1933, Miss L. E. Cheesman, British Museum. The size and general appearance allies this species with X. lu- zonana n. sp. but it can be readily distinguished by the extremely long hood, extremely high and semicircular lateral carinae, infuscato areolate structures of the pronotum, larger discoidal area and tri- seriate costal area. These same characters as well as the much small- er size distinguish papuana from the larger species of the genus. TWO NEW SPECIES OF CINARA (Aphidae). F. C. HOTTES Grand Junction, Colorado G. F. KNOWLTON Utah State Agricultural College Logan, Utah CINARA MINUTA Hottes and Knowlton, n. sp. Apterous oviparous female. Length from vertex to end of anal plate varying from 2.28-2.36 mm. Color notes from life not available. Color in life perhaps rather pale. Femora pale with apical portions darker. Tibiae with knees dusky, apical region the same, region in between pale. Antennae pale dusky with segments five and six almost uniform in color. Mesosternal tubercle absent. Ocular tubercles very small. Antennal segments with the following lengths: III .35-. 37mm., IV .15, V .19, VI .12 + .04mm. Secondary sensoria distributed as follows: III 0-1, IV 0, V 1. Antennal hair sparce, rather upstanding, set at an angle of about sixty degrees, or more. Antennal hair less than two times width of segment in length. Rostrum long, reaching to ventral plate. Hind tibiae 1.35mm. in length. Sensoria on hind tibiae very faint, difficult to see, perhaps rather atipic, distributed through-out length of tibiae. Tibial hair fairly numerous, upstanding, more numerous on inner margin than on outer. All tibial hairs shorter than width of segment. Cornicles .21mm. across base, with numerous long fine hairs, similar to those on dorsum of abdomen, and about .07mm. in length. Transverse pigmented spot apparently absent. Cauda very small and narrow. Data: Alpine Fir, Abies lasiocarpa. Richards Canyon, Utah. Sept 4, 1938. Nye, collector. Holotype oviparous female, deposited in the United States National Museum. This species differs greatly from other species taken on Fir. Its small size, dark cornicles, and short hairs, separate this species at once from most species taken on this host, its larger cornicles and the presence of hairs on the corni- cles separate it from C. pacifica (Wilson) which has the hairs some- what similar. CINARA ENIGMA Hottes and Knowlton, n. sp. Apterous viviparous female. Length from the vertex to end of anal plate varying from 2.78- 3.43mm. Described from cleared specimens. Color notes from life 11 12 HOTTES AND KNOWLTON The Great Basin Naturalist Vol. XIV. Nos. 1-2 not available. Head and thorax dark dusky brown. Dorsum of meso and metathorax with pigmented areas, arranged more or less in two rows. Antennal segments one and two concolorus with head, third segment light dusky with apical portion of segment darker, segments four, five and six almost uniform dusky. Femora dusky with apical regions darker. Tibiae with knees dark, followed by a pale area, which is in turn followed by a dark area which extends for about half the length of the tibiae. Tarsi dusky. Spiracles with large pig- mented areas. Cornicles with base very irregular, sometimes with one or more clear areas, dark brown in color. Cauda and anal plate dusky. Anterior to the transverse pigmented area there are several small pigmented areas. Head with transverse suture rather pale, provided with a mode- rate number of hairs. Antennal segments with the following lengths: HI .43-.45mm., IV .13-.15mm., V .14-.17mm., VI .11 + .02mm. The unguis is sometimes shorter than the length indicated. Primary Cinu-a ninutk n.fp. P/late Cir.ara onlgmA n.ap- sensoria present on segments three, four, five and six. Secondary sensoria distributed as follows: III 0-1, IV 0-1, as a rule one, V 1. Marginal sensora on VI small almost all rim, rather far removed Aug. 10, 1954 NEW SPECIES OF CINARA 13 from primary, in some cases difficult to see. Hair on antennae sparse, rather upstanding, in length less than twice width of segment, some hairs on segments four and five longer than others. Unguis unique, very short, blunt, hardly a nubbin and little differentiated from rest of segment. Ocular tubercles present but small. Rostrum extending to metathoracic coxae. Last three segments of the rostrum with the following lengths: .21, .15, .08mm. Mesosternal tubercle absent. Hind tibiae 1.57mm. in length. Hind tarsal segments .10 and .27mm. in length. Hair on hind tibiae sparse, upstanding, less than width of segment in length, hair on outer margin coarser and more up- standing than the hair on the inner margin. First segment of hind tarsis with about eight hairs. Cornicles with base varying from .50- .55mm. outer margin of cornicles very irregular, this area has fewer hair than the raised portion. Hairs on dorsum of abdomen about .1mm. in length, quite numerous. Transverse pigmented area an- terior to Cauda divided or almost so, with one row and a partial second row of long fine hairs, these hairs are the longest on the body Dorsum of abdomen very finely reticulated but the reticulations are difficult to make out. Cauda and anal plate with long fine hairs, surface between hairs coarsely setulose. Our information relative to this species is very meager and un- satisfactory and were it not for the peculiar structure of the unguis, which, very easily differentiates this species from allied forms, it might better not be described. The host is indicated first as cucum- ber, this has been crossed out and conifer? substituted, which is better, we suspect some species of Pinus. The locality is indicated as Pass, Colorado, but there is no such place. Perhaps it was taken a conifer growing along one of the numerous Passes in Colorado, but which one we do not know. We are sure that it was taken on June 20, 1943 by Barrows. Holotype apterous viviparous female, deposi- ted in the United States National Museum. In Palmer's key to the genus Cinara in "Aphids of the Rocky Mountain Region," this species can not be keyed beyond couplet 23, because of the shortness of ros- teral segment four. As indicated the unguis of this species is unique. NOTES ON SOME NEVADA BIRDS NED K. JOHNSON University of Nevada Museum of Biology Reno, Nevada Distributional knowledge of the avifauna from areas comjiara- tively little known ornithologically, such as are present in many parts of Nevada, benefits both from accumulation of data concerning com- mon, familiar species as well as from supplementary records of un- common and rare forms. Linsdale's studies (Pac. Coast Avif. No. 23, 1936 and Condor, 53, 1951:228-249) establish a basis for evaluation of records over the state. "The Birds of Lahontan Valley, Nevada" (Condor, 48, 1946:129-138) by Alcorn provides perhaps the best available summary of intensive field work in one definite area of northern Nevada. Many other papers concerning distributional and seasonal records of Nevada birds have appeared recently in the Condor. However, much more field work must be done before the status of the majority of Nevada birds, with reference to abundance and range, can be accurately postulated. The following notes would seem of value since they pertain to birds uncommonly recorded from Nevada, and to regularly present species where additional comments are pertinent to better clarify their status. Specimens mentioned are preserved in the University of Nevada Museum of Biology collections. Melanitta deglandi. White-winged Scoter. Three specimens taken in Churchill County by Alcorn in November, 1940 and 1941 appear to be the only records of this duck in Nevada. The following notes are also from Churchill County. On October 22, 1949, W. V. Woodbury examined a juvenile, presumably dead from botulism, at the Nutgrass Area in the Stillwater Wildlife Management Area, eighteen miles east-northeast of Fallon. One was shot by a hunter there on November 4, 1951. Another individual was shot by a hun- ter (Mr. Ted Sherman) near Hazen on October 28, 1951. The heads, wings, and feet of these two birds, both in juvenile plumage, were presei'ved for identification. Falco columbarius. Pigeon Hawk. A specimen was taken on March 16, 1952, at Reno. An English Sparrow (Passer domesticus} 15 The Great Basin Naturalist 16 NED K. JOHNSON Vol. XIV, Nos. 1-2 was clutched in the talons of the hawk when collected. The crop) contained another English Sparrow, while the stomach was gorged with two small, unidentified Passerines. Charadrius hiadculo semipabnatus. Semipalmated Plover. I have a fall record in addition to Marshall's (Condor^ 53, 1951:157). Two birds in juvenile plumage were collected from a group of five seen at Little Washoe Lake, Washoe County, September 3, 1950. Numenius americanus. Long-billed Curlew. Recorded each spring and sunmier in the southwestern Truckee Meadows in which Reno is situated. Extreme dates are April 1 and August 31, with July records absent. No more than eight individuals have been noted in one day. Individuals observed May 19, 1951, showed nesting activity, but no eggs or young were seen. This is the first report of the species from Washoe County. Totanus melanoleucus. Greater Yellow-legs. To my knowledge no records of this wader are available from Washoe County. In the vicinity of the Nevada Game Farm, Truckee Meadows, small num- bers are present each spring. Records are from April 8 to the middle of May. On September 3, 1950, one was noted at Little Washoe Lake. A specimen was taken there September 14, 1951. Totanus flavipes. Lesser Yellow-legs. A scarce migrant in Ne- vada represented by two specimens from Elko County, three speci- mens from Churchill County and a sight record from Clark County. On April 19, 1952, the writer collected two specimens from a group of three birds at the northwest edge of Carson Lake, 12 miles south- southeast of Fallon, Churchill County. EroUa alpina pacifica. Red-backed Sandpiper. Linsdale lists four records from the state. V. K. .Johnson and I recognized a single bird in the Truckee Meadows four miles southeast of Reno on May 8, 1948. Limuodromus scolopaceus. Long-billed Dowitcher. From near the Nevada Game Farm, Truckee Meadows, I have the following sight records: two birds on March 27, 1949; twelve on May 15, 1949, and twenty-one on April 16, 1951. A flock of fifteen was present at Little Washoe Lake on April 18, 1948, and three were seen there on September 3, 1950. On the following day a specimen Aug. 10, 1954 SOME NEVADA BIRDS 17 was taken. These are the first records from Washoe County. Ereunetes mauri. Western Sandpiper. Eight individvials were observed at close range on March 26, 1951, at a playa lake 4 miles east of Chiatovich Ranch (Arlemont) in Fish Lake Valley, Esme- ralda County. This is a new record for this shorebird in Esmeralda County as well as an early date for the presence of the species for the spring migration in Nevada. Tyto alba. Barn Owl. Two secondary wing feathers and several pellets of an owl were found in a narrow cave near the bottom of Devil's Hole National Monument, (about ten miles northeast of Death Valley Junction, California). Ash Meadows, Nye County, on April 10, 1950. The feathers are unquestionably those of the Barn Owl, indicating the first known occurrence of this bird in Nye County. On June 25, 1951, another visit was made to the locality. A single Barn Owl flew from the crevice as I approached, and al- though no nest was located in the area, a sack of pellets was gathered from the ground at the bottom of the hole. Dendrocopos albolarvatus. White-headed Woodpecker. This woodpecker is an uncommon resident in the Sierra Nevada along the western border of the state. No reports are apparently available from Nevada since 1889, when Keeler took a specimen at Glenbrook, Lake Tahoe, Douglas County, May 28. Therefore it seems profitable to put on record the following recent observations. An individual was observed at Incline, Lake Tahoe, Washoe County on May 8, 1949. After a snowstorm in the Sierras a single bird, apparently a female, was present in the Truckee Meadows area at Reno, 4500 feet, on October 24, 1950. What was probably the same individual appeared in Reno on November 24, 1950, and again on January 11, 1951. Thryomanes bewickii. Bewick Wren. The race atrestus of western Nevada has been discussed by Miller (Condor, 43:250-251). Linsdale (1951:240) lists atrestus only from Lyon and Churchill Counties, although Miller reports a specimen from the Truckee Canyon, thirty miles east of Reno. This specimen represents W ashoe Count}^ Alcorn (1946:135) records the species as "not abundant" in Lahontan Valley. In the Truckee River canyon from Wadsworth to Verdi, along Hunter Creek to 6000 feet in the Carson Range six miles southwest of Reno, and in the Reno area, all in Washoe County, The Great Basin Naturalist 18 NED K. JOHNSON Vol. XIV, NoS. 1-2 I have found this species one of the commonest residents. It seems very much restricted to the tangles of Wild Rosef Rosa), and Willow (Salix) near water, and among the exposed roots of trees along banks where debris has accumulated from high water. My notes of this wren are most abundant through the period from December to June. One was taken along the Truckee River sixteen miles east of Reno on February 4, 1951. Bombycilla garrulus. Greater Waxwing. I have an additional record of this rare winter visitant, two birds seen on the University of Nevada campus in Reno, Washoe County on January 27, 1952. The pair flew from their perches in a willow tree to forage on a boggy layer of matted cattails CTypha) at the edge of a pond. Bombycilla cedrorum. Cedar Waxwing. The seasonal status of this species in Nevada will probably never be more definite than "irregular visitant." Linsdale has several May, June, and September records representing widely scattered localities over the state, except the western region. Alcorn's Churchill County notes report this species as "seen most frequently in September, October, November, and December. Less often recorded in January, May, and June." In the Truckee Meadows area, Washoe County, I have observed flocks of Cedar Waxwings, in numbers of from a few to about forty individuals, on twenty-four separate days representing eight different months in the last five years. I have recorded this waxwing con- sistently through the years only in the month of October. However, I have observed it most common in March and April, contrary to Alcorn's observations. Also, I have two observations for February, but lack records for November and December. It may be said that this species is to be expected in Nevada at any time except the period between early June and the middle of September. Arnphispiza bilineata. Black-throated Sparrow. A female in breeding condition was taken at Ash Meadows, Nye County, on April 5, 1950. Two days later an individual was seen near Warm Springs, four miles northwest of Glendale, Clark County. These records are early spring dates for this sparrow in Nevada, as Linsdale gives April 20 as the earliest date. However, on March 20, 1939, several were seen on the Nevada shore of the Colorado River at Willow Beach (Grater, MS.). These birds were perhaps migrants. SOME TERRESTRIAL GASTROPODS FROM THE DEEP CREEK MOUNTAINS, JUAB COUNTY, UTAH ERNEST J. ROSCOE Ecological Research, University of Utah This paper records ten kinds of terrestrial gastropods from three localities in the Deep Creek Mountain area of western Juab County, Utah, a region from which no mollusks have been recorded previous- ly- Hawaiia minuscula (Binney) is reported from the County for the first time. These collections extend the range of two of the snails: Oreohelix eurekensis Henderson and Daniels being known hitherto- fore only from the type locality near Eureka in the eastern part of the country, and O. subrudis (Pfeiffer) known only as far west in Utah as the Oquirrh Mountains. Specimens are deposited in the University of Utah collection and in the Ecological Research refer- ence collection. Collection Stations 1 . West slope of Deep Creek Mountains, below Haystack Peak near the eastern boundary of the (loshute Indian Reservation. In swampy area in meadow near the upper limit of the Aspens, el. ca. 7500 feet, July 28, 1953, R. L. Gering, collector. Discus cronkhitei (Newcomb) Euconulus julvus alaskensis (Pilsbry) 2. Four miles west of Callao, el. ca. 5200 feet, under crevices near mammal excavations. August 3, 1953, Dale Parker, collector. Oreohelix subrudis (Pfeiffer) 3. East slope of Deep Creek Mountains, at base of cliff, south side of canyon bottom, summit of old Callao-Ibapah Pass. In Aspen, Douglas Fir forest, el. ca. 7500 feet, September 26, 1953, R. L. Gering, collector. Hawaiia minuscula (Binney) Microphysula ingersolli (Bland) Oreohelix eurekensis Henderson & Daniels Oreohelix subrudis (Pfeiffer) Pupilla blandi Morse Vallonia albula Sterki Vitrina alaskana Dall Zonitoides arbor eus (Say) 19 THE DESCRIPTION OF THE ALATE FORM OF LACIINUS MONT ANUS (Wilson) F. C. HOTTES Grand Junction, Colorado The destruction and havoc which a late spring freeze can have on leaf feeding Aphids was well illustrated this spring when a series of killing frosts in late May and early June killed the leaves of scrub oak and caused them to dry. When these frosts took place various species of Myzocallis and Thelaxes californica (D) were already well along in their life processes. When the frost killed the leaves, the specimens not being adapted to live on the bark also died, and the species have yet to reestablish themselves in the region where the killing frosts took place. The bark feeders appear to have been less effected. But they too, may have come under the influence of the killing frosts. For several years the author has been attempting to collect alate forms of Lachnus montanus (Wilson) without success. Although I lack positive proof, I suspect that the series of frosts which killed the leaves of scrub oak in late May and early .Tune, so altered the conditions under which this species lives that a few alate specimens were produced. These specimens were taken on a dry ridge where scrub oak alone grows, the trees on which the specimens were taken were still without leaves June 29th, such was not the case in other areas where alate forms were not taken. Fig. I. I.ACHNITS MONTANUS (Wilson) LACHNUS MONTANUS (Wilson) Al.\te viviparous female. Length from vertex to end of anal plate varying from 3.08-3.57 mm. Width of head across eyes .81 mm. 21. The Great Basin Naturalist 22 F. c. HOTTEs Vol. XIV, Nos. 1-2 Length of antennal segments as follows: III .65-. 71 mm., IV .25- .28 mm., V .37 mm., VI .08-.! 1 + .157 mm. Length of hind tibiae 2.86-3.14 mm., length of hind tarsis .143 + .25 mm. Width of head across eyes .81 mm. Width across base of cornicles .30-. 34 mm. Color as in darker forms of viviparous females. Wings with veins heavily bordered with fuscous, the fuscous extending almost solid into apex of wing. Rostrum extending to region just beyond meta- thoracic coxae. Secondary sensoria distributed as follows: III 1-2 near apex, on this segment the secondary sensoria are small, IV 1-3 as a rule one or two, V 0. Hair on antennae and legs as in apterous viviparous forms. Base of cornicles very irregular in outline. Base of cornicles and dorsum of abdomen with few hair, the hair on the cornicles being much longer than the hair on the dorsum. Dorsum of abdomen with a few small irregular shaped pigmented spots. Second branch of media closer to margin of wing than to first branch. Morphotype alate viviparous female, deposited in the United States National Museum. Collected June 29, 1954, at Mud Springs, south of Glade Park, Colorado. Host Qucrcus gunnisoni. SMALL CLAM ATIACKS YOUNG TROUT " VASCO M. TANNER Professor of Zoology and Entomology Brigham Young University Since we have found so little recorded information about the feeding habits of the niolluscan genus Pisidiurn, it is believed that the followdng observations may be of interest to some biologists. In February of this year (1954) at the White Rocks, Llinta County State Fish Hatchery more than 100 rainbow trout fry were found to have an enlargement on their lower lip which precluded their feeding. A dozen of these afflicted young trout were brought to my Ichthyology class by Richard Kay, son of Lee Kay, Editor of the Fish and Game Bulletin of the Utah Fish and Game Department. It was at once evident that the young fish, which averaged 32 mm. in length, were being attacked by one of the Sphaeriidae. An exami- nation of the specimens revealed that adults of Pisidiurn variable Prime had attached themselves to the lower jaw of the young fishes. The illustrations, Figures 1 to 4, show how these clams were attached to the jaw of the fish and the extent to which they had eaten the tissues. Adult clams of this species are usually found in the thin mud of small ponds and streams. Evidently there was sufficient mud in the rearing troughs in which the clams could bury themselves. As the young fish came in contact with the bottom mud in feeding, the Pisidia fastened on to the lower lip when the mouth was open. Once attached, it was impossible for the fish to feed. The lower lip was gradually digested as shown in figures 3 and 4. A brief report of this finding, along with a photograph of a specimen, was made by M. J. Madsen, Biologist in charge of Utah Fisheries, in the March, 1954, number of the Utah Fish and Game Bulletin. Since the photograph does not show the nature of the damage done to the tissues of the dentary and tongue by the clams, the drawings were made which clearly show the lethal attachment and effects. Mr. Ernest J. Roscoe, a student of Utah Mollusca. examined a specimen of this clam and reported that it definitely keys to Pisidi- urn variabile Prime, but that Rev. Herrington is making a study of (1) Coiitiii)Ut].m No. 140, 23 24 VASCO M. TANNER The Great Basin Naturalist Vol. XIV, Nos. 1-2 Figuref 1 to 4 show drawings of young rainbow trout attacked by the/«^^'^;^ S Prime. Figures 3 and 4 show the extent to which the dams have digested th(> dontary and tongue of the young fishes. Scale 4x. Aug. 10, 1954 CLAMS ATTACK YOUNG TROUT 25 this genus and its species, which may result in a change of the name. This brief report serves to bring to our attention what seems to be a new observation of the relationships between organisms as they struggle for an existance. GASTROIDEA CYANEA MELSH (Coleoptera) PREYED UPON BY AN HEMIPTERAN PREDA lOR VASCO M. TANNER Department of Zoology and Entomology GERALD L. NIELSEN Student of Entomology Brigham Young University This spring, 1954, the season is two to three weeks in advance of the average growing season in this area. As a result the plants and insects are well developed and abundant. By the first of May the Sour Dock Rumex patentia L. was a foot in height and by May 8th the leaves were being attacked by the first instar larvae of the leaf beetle Gastroidea cyanea Melsh. On May 10th the junior author brought into the laboratory stems and leaves of the dock on which were some of the overwintering adult beetles, spring eggs, and larvae. The yellow eggs. Figure 1, which were laid on May 10th hatched on May 13th. The young larvae commence feeding as soon as they are out of the eggs. Figure 2 is a second instar larva. No accurate information on the number of instar was obtained. Pupation was noticed on May 20th and adults were hatching by May 26-28th. By this date the docks were badly destroyed, most of the leaves had been devoured except for the veins and stems. Figure 3 is a newly emerged adult. On the 10th of May while observing in the field the life stages of this beetle, several specimens of Euschistus variolarius (P. B.) were found feeding upon the larvae and oversized female adults. This is the first time we have noted this species preying upon another insect. We have not been able to find much recorded on the pre- daceous habits of this pentatomid. It feeds in the main upon plants such as wheat, red clover, tomatoes, grasses, peaches, peas, mullein and several other local plants. C. E. Olsen (1912) reports that this "species is said to feed on Lepidopterous larvae, and that G. W. Kirkaldy records its preying on Pulvinaria virginicum L. (Hem.)." Our observations definitely establish another insect host record for E. variolarius. A review of the specimens of G. cyanea in the entomological collections show that it is widely distributed throughout the state. (!) Contribution 141 from the Department of Zoologj' and Entomology. 27 28 TANNER AND NIELSEN The Great Basin Naturalist Vol. XIV, Nos. 1-2 A comparison of Utah specimens with a series from Pennsylvania and several from Berkeley, California, has supported the indentifica- Figures 1-3 eggs, larva and adult of Gastroidea cyanea Melsh. Eggs 20X; larva lOX; adult 20X. Aug. 10, 1954 GASTROIDEA CYANEA MELCH 29 tion of the Utah and Arizona specimens as (i. cyanea Melsh. Rogers, 1856, considered the Central California specimens as a subspecies caesia of cyanea. The Utah specimens are morphologically similar to the Arizona and Pennsylvania ones which stand in our collection as cyanea. Distribution of G. cyanea Melsh in Utah: Grand Co.:— Moab, June, 1927 (A. Call) Garfield Co.: — Aquarious Plateau, 1937 (W. W. Tanner) Kane Co.: — Orderville, June, 1927 (V. M. Tanner) Sanpete Co.: — Indianola, September, 1918 (V. M. Tanner) Utah Co.: — Spanish Fork (V. M. Tanner); East side of Utah Lake, 1927 (V. M. Tanner); Provo, May, 1954 (G. Nielson and V. M. Tanner). Washington Co.: — Central, June 15, 1922 (V. M. Tanner) St. George, March 15, 1921; Zion National, 1925 (V. M. Tanner). Arizona: — Kiabab Forest, July, 1927 (J. Kartchner). REFERENCES Olsen, Chris E. 1912. Contribution to an Annotated List of Long Island Insects (Hemiptera) Journal N. Y. Ento. Soc, Vol. XX, pp. 48-58. Rogers, W. Frederic 1856. Synopsis of Species of Chrysomela and Allied Genera Inhabiting the United States. Proc. Ac. N. S. Phil., VIII, pp. 29 38. A STUDY OF SOME ROCKY MOUNTAIN SPO ITED FEVER VECTORS AND THEIR HOSTS IN UTAH(i)(2) MARVIN D. COFFEY Pullman, Washington In Utah, spotted fever has been known in an endemic state since 1908. Ahhough this is true, few workers have been drawn to study the vectors responsible for the transmission of this disease. From 1934 to 1952 there has been an average of 12.3 cases of spotted fever per year in Utah and a 17.5 case fatality average. Published distributional records of ticks which have been implicated as vectors of Rocky Mountain spotted fever in Utah are listed by Cooley (1938 and 1946), Cooley and Kohls (1944), Davis (1941 and 1943), Jelli- son (1945), Bishop and Trenibley (1945), Hunter and Bishop (1911), Kohls and Parker (1948), Stanford (1934), Woodbury and Hardy (1948), and Edmunds (1951). The latter's work is the most recent distributional study. It included, however, a taxonomic and distributional study of all the ticks of Utah. This study was made with special reference to the tick vec- tors of spotted fever in Utah, their hosts, and their distribution. Data from the literature is included, with the new records herein reported in order to give a more complete picture. To the men and institutions who aided this study the author would like to express his sincere appreciation. The study was in part supported by a research grant from the Microbiological Institute of the National Institutes of Health, United States Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. Dr. Vasco M. Tanner, Brigham Young University, made available certain facilities in the depart- ment of Zoology and Entomology for the study; Mr. John Wright of the Utah State Department of Health furnished data concerning the incidence and distribution of spotted fever in Utah and Mr. Glen M. Kohls, Rocky Mountain Laboratory, Hamilton, Montana gave assistance in the corroboration and determination of some specimens. Thanks also are due to my co-workers in the collection of many of the specimens, Mr. Dorald M. Allred, The University of Utah, and (1) Contribution No. 139 from the Dept. of Zoology and Entomology, Brigliani Young University. (2) This study was in part supported by funds from the National Institutes of Health, United Stales Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. 31 The Great Basin Naturalist 32 MARVIN D. COFFEY Vol. XIV, NoS. 1-2 Mr. Merlin L. Killpack, Roosevelt (Utah) Union High School, as well as numerous fellow students who gave assistance. I am especial- ly indebted to Dr. D Elden Beck of the Brigham Young University. It was under his supervision that this research project was directed. In Utah six species of ticks are found which have been shown to be capable' or potential' vectors of spotted fever. Dermacentor andersoni Stiles is the only tick found in Utah which readily bites man. This tick and Haemaphysalis leporis-palustris (Packard), a proven vector in nature, are herein classified as capable. Potential vectors include Dermacentor parumapertus Banks, Dermacentor alhipictus (Packard), Rhipicephalis sanguineus (Latreille), and Or- nithodoros parkeri Cooley. The latter three have never been con- sidered very important in spotted fever transmission, but because of experimental evidence they are included here. D. parumapertus similarly has not received much attention, but due to its abundance and its overlapping the range of D. andersoni (with some common hosts) in some parts of Utah, it must be considered as an important potential vector. This study represents over eight hundred collection records (lots) for the State of Utah. It has involved several thousand speci- mens' taken from forty-nine species of mammals and one species of bird. The majority of collections represent new geographical distri- bution areas for both vector and host. Each tick collection has been treated separately, listed from the specific host on which it was found and identified with the county collected in. rhe designation, '^^ Dermacentor sp." refers only to nymphs and larvae of that genus. Due to the extreme difficulty in taxonomic separation with regard to some of the immature stages of ticks in the genus Dermacentor^ specific designation has not been possible. In the lists shown below, all references to records from the litera- ture are indicated by the author's names and date of publication appearing in paranthesis under county reference. Oil other records may be considered as new. (3) By capahle is meant iIidm- tiiks wliic li in iintiiip have liceii shown to jiossess llie ri( kettsia and/or are known to Iratisniit tlie disease. (4) By polcntiai is meant ihose ticks wliirh have only been sliown cxpcr iniciilall\' in the laboratory to heroine infected willi or transmit the rirkettsia. (5) These specimens are a part of the parasitic arllnoixid (ollec tion in llu' Riit;liani Yonng University Zoology and Entomology Muse\un collections. Aug. 10, 1954 SPOTTED FEVER VECTORS 33 HOST LIST AND DISTRIBUTION OF ROCKY MOUNTAIN SPOT! ED FEVER VECTORS IN UTAH HOST Erethizon dorsatum: Lepus americanus: L. californicus: L. townesendii: Lynx rufus: Man: 1. Dermacentor andersoni Stiles GEOGRAPHIC DISTRI- BUTION BY COUNTY Daggett, Duchesne, Rich, Sevier, Uintah, Utah, Wayne. Wasatch. Juab, Kane, Utah. Daggett, Utah, Wasatch. Uintah. Cache, Daggett, Duchesne, Gar- field, Grand, Millard, Rich, San Juan, Tooele, Uintah, Utah, Wasatch, Washington. Odocoileus hemionus: Sanpete, Utah. Horse: Duchesne. Perornyscus maniculatus: Utah. Sheep: Duchesne, Wasatch. Edmunds (1948 and 1951) reports this tick as occurring in the following counties: "Box Elder, Cache, Davis, Duchesne, Emery, Garfield, Iron, Kane, Salt Lake, San Juan, Summit, Sanpete, Tooele, Utah, Uintah, Wasatch, Washington, and Wayne. Without indi- cating collection localities he lists the following hosts for D. ander- soni: cattle, chipmunks (numerous species), horse, man, pocket gopher, porcupine, rabbits (numerous species)." 2. Dermacentor parumapertus Banks Washington. Juab. Beaver, Box Elder, Iron, Juab, Dipodomys merriami: D. ordii: Lepus californicus: L. townsendii: Perognathus parvus: Peromysucus maniculatus: Sylvilagus nuttallii: Sylvilagus sp.: Juab (Stanford 1934), Kane (Edmunds 1951), Millard, Sanpete, Sevier, Tooele, Tooele (Edmunds 1951), Utah, San Juan (Edmunds 1951). Wasatch. Juab. Utah. Utah. Kane (Edmunds 1951). 34 MARVIN D. COFFEY The Great Basin Naturalist Vol. XIV, Nos. 1-2 3. Dermacentor albipictus (Packard) Antilocapra americana: Cervus canadensis: Horse: Odocoileus hemionus: Daggett (Edmunds 1951). Garfield (Edmunds 1951). Cache (Edmunds 1951), Millard, Sanpete. 4. Dermacentor sp. Citellus armatus: C. lateralis: Citellus leucurus: C. variegatus: Cynomys leucurus: Cynomys sp. (burrow) Dipodomys deserti: D. merriami: D. mi crops: D. ordii: Eutamias dorsalis: E minimus: E. quadrivittatus: Lepus californicus: L. americanus: L. townsendii: Marmota flaviventris: Microdipodops megacephalus: Microtis longicaudus: Microtis sp.: Mustela erminea: Man: Neotoma cinerea: N. lepida: Oberholseria chlorura (bird) Cache, Rich, Summit, Utah Wasatch. Daggett, Duchesne, Kane, Rich, Sanpete, Sevier. Box Elder, Kane, Utah, Wayne. Garfield, San Juan, Sanpete, Sevier, Utah, Wayne. Rich. Daggett. Washington. Washington. Box Elder, Juab, Sevier, Utah, Washington, Beaver, Box Elder, Daggett, Duchesne, Grand, Juab, Kane, Sevier, Uintah, Utah, Duchesne, Garfield, Utah. Duchesne, Rich, SanJuan,Sevier. Daggett, Duchesne, Utah. Beaver, Box Elder, Garfield, Iron, Juab, Kane, Millard, Uintah, Utah. Wasatch. Uintah, Daggett. Cache, Duchesne, Garfield, Utah. Beaver. Cache, Daggett, Sanpete. Rich, Sevier, Wasatch. Daggett. Daggett. Daggett, Tooele. Garfield, Kane, Piute, Sanpete. Box Elder, Tooele. Aug. 10, 1954 SPOTTED FEVER VECTORS 35 Onychomys leucogaster: Ochotona princeps: Perognathus parvus: P. longimembris: P. formosus: Perognathus sp.: Peromyscus crinitis: P. eremicus: P. maniculatus: P. truei: Rattus norvegicus: Reithrodontomys megalotis: Sciurus oberti: Sylvilagus sp.: S. auduboni: S. nuttaUii: Thomomys bottae: Zapus princeps: Box Elder. Wayne. Beaver, Box Elder, Juab, Rich, Sevier, Tooele, Utah. Box Elder, Jua b, Sevier, Washington. Garfield, Juab. Box Elder. Box Elder, Daggett. Iron, Washington. Beaver, Box Elder, Cache, Daggett, Duchesne, Garfield, Juab, Kane, Morgan, Piute, Rich, Sanpete, Sevier, Summit, Tooele, Uintah, Utah, Wasatch, Wayne. Beaver, Daggett, Duchesne, Piute, Uintah, Utah, Washington. Utah. Tooele, Utah. San Juan. Wayne, Summit, Kane, Daggett. Daggett, Duchesne, Washington. Box Elder, Sanpete, Utah. Washington. Daggett, Utah, Wasatch. 5. Haemaphysalis leporis-palustris (Packard) Citellus variegatus: Lepus californicus: L. townsendii: Neotoma cinerea: Oberholseria chlorura (Bird): Sylvilagus sp.: S. auduboni: S. idahoensis: S. nuttallii: Utah. Beaver, Box Elder, Garfield, Iron, Juab, Millard, Piute, Sevier, Tooele, Utah, Wasatch, Salt Lake (Edmunds 1951). Daggett, Uintah. Duchesne. Box Elder, Tooele. Daggett, Emery, Emery (Ed- munds 1951), Garfield, Grand, Grand (Edmunds 1951), Kane, San Juan, San Juan (Edmunds 1951), Summit, Uintah, Washington. Daggett, Washington. Washington, Box Elder (Stan- ford 1934). Grand, Sanpete, Utah, Wasatch. The Great Basin Naturalist 36 MARVIN D. COFFEY Vol. XIV, NoS. 1-2 6. Rhipicephalis sanguineus (Latreille) Dog: Salt Lake (Edmunds 1951), Salt Lake (Kohls and Parker 1948). 7. Ornithodoros parkeri Cooley Citellus sp.: Washington, (Davis 1941). C. lateralis: Wayne (Davis 1941). Cynomys sp.: Carbon, Emery, Grand, Iron, Uintah (Davis 1941), Daggett (in burrow). Cynomys leucurus: Uintah. Gopherus agassizi: Washington (Woodburv and Hardy 1948). Rocky Mountain spotted fever, Rickettsia rickettsii (Wolfback), has been listed from every county in Utah except Piute. The vector, D. andersoni, has been reported from twenty-four of the twenty-nine counties in the state. Insufficient collections and the fact that the disease may not always be identified with the place where the tick was picked up, undoubtedly accounts for the four counties from which the disease has been listed but from which the vector has not been reported. It is of interest to note that in Utah, spotted fever is most prevalent in counties where population centers border hillsides or mountainous areas and least prevalent in the desert areas of the Great Basin and Colorado River Basin region in Utah. A study of the distribution of D. andersoni shows a direct correlation with these facts. Comparatively few records of the tick are known from the desert areas whereas the tick appears to be rather abundant in the valleys and hillsides along and throughout the mountainous areas of the state. SELECTED REFERENCES Bishopp, F. C, and H. L. Trembley, 1945. "Distribution and hosts of Certain North American Ticks." J. Parasitol. 31(1): 1-54. Cooley, R. A., 1932. "Rocky Mountain Wood Tick." Mont. Agric. Exp. Sta. Bull. 268:1-58. -^ 1946. "The genera Boophilus, Rhipicephalis and Hnemaphy- salis (Ixodidae) of the New World." Nat. Inst, of Heahh Bull. 187. , 1938. "The genera Dermacentor and Otocentor (Ixodidae) in the United States with Studies in variation." Nat. Inst, of Health Bull. 171. Aug. 10, 1954 SPOTTED FEVER VECTORS 37 Cooley, R. A., and G. M. Kohls, 1944. "The Argasidae of North America, Central America and Cuba." Amer. Mid. Nat., Mono- graph No. 1. Davis, G. E., 1941. "'Ornithodoros parkeri and relapsing fever spiro- chetes in Utah." Pub. Health Repts. 56(52) : 2464-2468. • , 1943. "Experimental transmission of the spotted fever of the United States, Columbia, and Brazil by the Argasid tick Oniitho- dorus porkerir Pub. Health Repts. 58(32) : 1201-1208. Edmunds, L. R., -948. "A study of the ticks of Utah." Unpublished Master's thesis, Dept. of Invert. Zool. and Ent., Univ. of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah. , 1951. "A check list of the ticks of Utah." Pan-Pacific Ent. 27(l):23-26. Hunter, W. D., and F. C. Bishopp, 1911. "The Rocky Mountain Spotted fever tick." U.S. Dept. Agric, Bur. Ent., Bull. No. 105. Jellison, W. L., 1945. "The geographical distribution of Rocky Moun- tain spotted fever and Nuttall's cottontail in the Western United States." Pub. Health Repts. 60(3) :958-961. Kohls, G. M., and R. R. Parker, 1948. "Occurrence of the Brown Dog tick in the Western States." Jour. Econ. Ent. 41 (1 ): 102. Parker, R. R., C. B. Philip, and W. L. Jellison, 1933. "Rocky Moun- tain spotted fever. Potentialities of tick transmission in relation to geographical occurrence in the United States." Amer. Jour. Trop. Med. 13(4) : 341 -3 79. Philip, C. B., and G. M. Kohls, 1951. "Elk, winter ticks, and Rocky Mountain spotted fever: A Query." Pub. Health Repts. 66: 1672-1675. Ricketts, H. T., 1906. "The transmission of Rocky Mountain Spotted fever by the bite of the wood tick (ermacentor occidentalis)" Jour. Amer. Med. Assoc, 47 (5): 358. Stanford, J. S., 1934. "Some ectoparasites of Utah birds and mam- mals." Proc. Utah Acad. Sci., Arts, and Letters. 11:247. Woodbury, A. M., and R. Hardy, 1948. "Studies of the desert tortoise, Gopherus agassizi." Ecol. Monog. 18:145-200. NEW COVER DESIGN The new cover design maps the extent of the Great Basin in the states of CaUfornia, Idaho, Nevada, Oregon, Utah, and Wyoming. This interior basin, as defined by Captain J. C. Fremont in 1845, comprises approximately 210,000 square miles. The main desert basin is made up of 150 north-south parallel mountain ranges, which contribute run-off from the winter snows to more than 100 inter- vening smaller basins. The Utah trout, Sal mo Utah Suckley; the Great Basin rattle- snake, Crotalus viridis hitosus Klauber; and the tule billbug, Calendra ochreus Lee, are common Great Basin species. One hundred years ago the Utah trout was abundant in Utah Lake and other Bonneville Basin lakes and streams. The pioneer fishermen seined hundreds of tons of this trout from Utah Lake; some specimens weighing twelve to fifteen pounds each. Now this trout is virtually extinct in the warm water lakes where it was abundant. The Great Basin rattlesnake ranges widely throughout the north- ern tw^o-thirds of the basin. It is the only rattlesnake within its terri- tory. Since it feeds mainly upon small mammals which reduce many of the forage plants of the desert, it may be considered as a useful species. Among the interesting insects of this interior region, is the large strikingly marked billbug which breeds on the tule, Scirpus acutiis Muhl. It is common around LTtah and Nevada fresh-water lakes. Those who have lived in the desert know of its allurement and of the many challenging biological problems. — V.M.T. 38 1 The Great Basin Volume XIV December, 1954 Nos. 3-4 TABLE OF CONTENTS TTie Taxonomy of Utah Orthoptera, Illustrations, Andrew H. Bar- num 39 Synonymical Data: Descriptions of New Hydrometridae (Hemip- tera). Illustrations, Carl J. Drake 61 Two New Laelaptid Sneike Mites from Korea, Illustrations, Ted Tibbetts 67 Studies in the Weevils of the Western United States, No. VIII, Descriptions of New Species, Vasco M. Tanner 73 A Note to Commemorate the One-Hundredth Anniversary of Koch's Die Pflanzenlause, F. C. Hottes 79 Some observations on the Rostrum of Cinara puerca Hottes, Illus- trations, (Aphidae), F. C. Hottes 83 The Type Locality of Triodopsis cragini Call (Pulmonata: Poly- gyridae). Illustrations, Ernest J. Roscoe and Lottie O. Roscoe 87 Additional Records of Helix aspersa MuUer from Utah, Ernest J. Roscoe 90 The Southwestern Research Station of the American Museiun of Natural History, Mont A. Cazier 91 Index n«i*...^*«..-«,«. '^2 MurtoiifprzuoL LiBRARy UG 1 0 1955 HARVARD UNIVERSITY published by Department of Zoology and Entomology Brigham Young University The Great Basin Naturalist A journal published from one to four times a year by the De- partment of Zoology and Entomology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah. Manuscripts: Only original unpublished manuscripts, pertaining to the Great Basin and the Western United States in the main, will be accepted. Manuscripts are subject to the approval of the editor. Illustrations: All illustrations should be made with a view to having them appear within limits of the printed page. The illus- trations that form a part of an article should accompany the manu- script. All half-tones or zinc etchings to appear in this journal are to be made under the supervision of the editor, and the cost of the cuts is to be borne by the contributor. Reprints: No reprints are furnished free of charge. A price list for reprints and an order form is sent with the proof. Subscriptions: The annual subscription is $2.50, (outside the United States $3.25). Single number, 80 cents. All correspondence dealing with manuscripts, subscriptions, re- prints and other business matters should be addressed to the Editor, Vasco M. Tanner. Great Basin Naturalist, Brigham Young Uni- versity, Provo, Utah. Reprints Schedule of The Great Basin Naturalist Each Additional 2 pp. 4 pp. 6 pp. 8 pp. 10 pp. 12 pp. 2 pp. 50 copies $3.25 $4.75 $5.75 $6.75 $7.75 $8.75 $1.50 100 copies 4.75 5.75 6.75 7.75 8.75 9.75 200 copies 6.00 7.00 8.00 9.00 10.00 11.00 300 copies 7.00 8.00 9.00 10.00 11.00 12.00 Covers: $6.00 for first 100 copies; $2.50 for additional 100 copies. IMUS.COMP.ZSOL iU6 1 0 195^ The Great Basin Naturalist harvard Published by the HWIilIijM i Department of Zoology and Entomology Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah Volume XIV DECEMBER 30, 1954 Nos. 3 & 4 THE TAXONOMY OF UTAH ORTHOPTERA^ ANDREW H. BARNUM- Grand Junction, Colorado INTRODUCTION During the years of 1950 to 1952 a study of the taxonomy and distribution of the Utah Orthoptera was made at the Brigham Young University by the author under the direction of Dr. Vasco M. Tan- ner. This resulted in a listing of the species found in the State. Taxonomic keys were made and compiled covering these species. Distributional notes where available were made with the brief des- criptions of the species. The work was based on the material in the entomological col- lection of the Brigham Young University, with additional records obtained from the collection of the Utah State Agricultural College. In addition, those Orthoptera reported from the State in previous literature were included. Those species which have apparently been erroneously reported were commented upon, but not counted in the figures. As a result of this study, 202 species (or subspecies) in 90 genera of Orthoptera have been reported from the State. In addition to this number, seven species in five genera are reported as hypo- thetical (marked" in listings in this paper). These species have been collected in Arizona near the Utah border and should be even- tually found in Utah owing to the absence of ecological barriers. Of the 4200 Utah specimens in the Brigham Young University collec- tion, 152 species are represented. Many of these specimens have been classified by the leading authorities on Orthoptera. An additional 23 species were examined at the Utah State Agricultural College. In this study the roaches, praying mantids. walking-sticks, grasshoppers or locusts and crickets are all considered as being in the Order Orthoptera. The earwigs (Order Derniaptera) are not in- cluded, though some authors consider them as being part of the orthopteran gi'oup. Abstracted from a Master's thesis submitted to the Department of Zoology and Entomology, Brig- ham Young University, June, 1952. Contribution No. 146 from the Department of Zoology and Entomology. 39 The Great Basin Naturalist 40 ANDREW H. BARNUM Vol. XIV, NoS. 3-4 Thirty-four species were not available for examination. Thirty-eight species and seventeen genera were established as new records for the state and are marked with an asterisk (*) in this paper. (These species had not been reported from the State when the Thesis was prepared, but later publications may have included some of them.) One species has been collected by the author since this research was completed, and is included in the present listings. Fifteen species have been erroneously reported as having been collected in the State by earlier workers and were not included in the totals. Nine un- published records were found in the U.S.A. C. collection (marked^*^ in this paper). The following table is a breakdown of the genera and species (or subspecies) reported from each family group: Blattidae Total Gener 7 Reported a Species 7 New Genera 4 Records Species 4 Hypothetical Genera Species Records in USAC Collection Erroneous Reports Mantidae 2 3 Phasmidae 3 4 Tetrigidae Acrididae 4 54 8 140 5 23 4 4 7 10 Tettigoniidae Gryllidae 19 6 35 12 7 1 7 4 1 3 2 5 Total 95 209 17 38 5 7 9 15 USE OF THE KEYS The keys presented in this study are only partially descriptive and are merely for convenience. They are intended as a short cut in identification. Confusing morphological characteristics were rep- resented by drawings in order to make the keys more readily adapt- able for use. These keys cover the species definitely known from Utah, and include several species found in adjoining states. As other species are found a revision of the keys will be necessary. In cases involving any doubt of identification, a full description of the species in question should be checked, or comparisons made with accurately determined specimens. In the matter of descriptions the worker may run into difficulty. Anyone studying early descrip- tions realizes that most descriptions of species are completely inade- quate if not entirely useless. They perhaps separated the known spe- cies at the time, but the constant addition of new species to the literature has limited the use of the original descriptions. It may therefore be necessary to check a complete description given by a recent author. Dec. 30, 1954 UTAH ORTHOPTEKA 41 Hu V InV PLATE I The Great Basin Naturalist 42 ANDREW H. BARNUM Vol. XIV, NoS. 3-4 The keys presented herein are incomplete in that they classify the insects only to Genus. For keys to species and subspecies the reader is referred to the original Thesis or to one of the many publi- cations covering that particular group. KEYS TO THE FAMILIES OF ORTHOPTERA 1. Posterior legs enlarged and strongly modified for jumping; stridulating insects (2) Posterior legs not enlarged for jumping, all legs equal in size; stridulating organs not developed (5) 2. Antennae long and filiform; tarsi three- or four-segmented; ovipositor usually elongate, witb its parts compact (3) Antennae usually much shorter than body; tarsi three-seg- mented; ovipositor short, composed of four separate parts (4) 3. Tarsi four-segmented; wings, when present, sloping at sides of body; ovipositor, when exserted, a long, compact blade. (Long-horned grasshoppers, katydids, etc.) .... Family Tettigoniidae Tarsi three-segmented or reduced; wings, when present, hori- zontal in greater part. I Crickets) Family Gryllidae 4. Pronotum narrowed behind and prolonged backward to or beyond the tip of the abdomen; size very small. (Grouse or Pygmy Locusts) Family Tetrigidae Pronotum never extending over the abdomen. (Locusts or Short-horned grasshoppers) Family Acrididae 5. Anterior legs spined, highly specialized for grasping prey. (Praying mantids) Family Mantidae Anterior legs not specialized for grasping (6) 6. Body elongate and slender; legs slender, rounded; head free. (Walkingsticks) Family Phasmidae Body flat, broad, oval; legs compressed; head withdrawn be- neath pronotum. (Cockroaches) Family Blattidae FAMILY BLATTIDAE (Cockroaches) Insects with strongly depressed, more or less oval, bodies are readily referred to the family Blattidae. Other distinguishing charac- teristics separate them from other families of Orthoptera. Ihe head is concealed beneath the pronotum, the face ventral, the mouth pos- terior. The antennae are long and filiform. The legs are slender, similar, and compressed. When fully developed, the tegmina are parchment-like and overlapping, and the wings membranous. Both tegmina and wings are often rudimentary or wanting in the female and sometimes in both sexes. The sexes may be distinguished without difficulty, although there is no visible ovipositor. The males are characterized, in ad- dition to the conspicuous cerci, by the presence of a pair of styles (PL II, Fig. 1), at the sides of the hind margin of the last ventral segment of the abdomen. 1. Middle or hind femora, or both, unarmed posteriorly, or armed with hairs or bristles only, or with one or two apical or subapical spines (PI. II, Fig. 5) (2) Middle and hind femora armed posteriorly with two or more distinct spines (PI. II, Fig. 8) (3) Dec. 30, 1954 utah orthoptera 43 2. Surface of pronotum and tegmina glabrous; claws separated by a distinct arolium (PI. II, Fig. 9). Adventive Panchlor-a cubensis Saussur-e* Surface of pronotum and tegmina hairy; no arolium between the claws, or only a minute one Arenivaga erratica Rehn 3. Pronotum and tegmina densely pubescent. Adventive Nyctobora noctivaga Rehn* Pronotum and tegmina smooth, or but sparsely haired or pilose .. (4) 4. Pronotum 7 mm. or more in length (5) Pronotum less than 7 mm. in length (6) 5. Tegmina in both sexes extending considerably beyond the tip of the abdomen Pervplaneta americana (Linnaeus)* Tegmina in both sexes not reaching the tip of the abdomen. Blatta orientalis Linnaeus 6. Tegmina of male extending beyond tip of abdomen; sub- genital plate of female entire (PI. II, Fig. 4) (7) Tegmina of male shorter than abdomen; subgenital plate of female divided or split (PI. II, Fig. 3) Blatta orientalis Linnaeus 7. Margin of fore femora armed posteriorly on basal half with from 3 to 6 strong spines succeeded distally by a row of smaller close-set spinules (PI. II, Fig. 7); pronotum with two stripes of daricer brown; styles of male indistinct or wanting BlatteUa germanica (Linnaeus) Margin of fore femora armed posteriorly along its entire length with stout spines which diminish in length toward the apex (PI. II, Fig. 6); pronotum without two dark brown stripes; styles of male distinct Supella swpellectilium (Serville) * FAMILY MANTIDAE (Mantids, Praying Insects, Soothsayers) Members of the family Mantidae are strikingly peculiar in ap- pearance. These insects have the femora and tibiae of the front legs enlarged and heavily spined for seizing insect prey. The middle and hind legs are slender. The body is elongate, with a free and trans- verse head. The wings in the female are often shorter than the abdomen. There is no visible ovipositor. Both sexes (PI. II, Figs. 10 & 11) have a pair of short jointed cerci attached to the sides of the supra-anal plate, while the males have in addition a pair of much shorter styles near the apex of the subgenital plate. Sound producing organs are absent. Only two genera have been found in Utah, being readily sepa- rated by size and morphological characteristics. In the genus Litane- utria, of which there is only one species in the State (L. minor scudder), the pronotum is only slightly longer than the anterior coxae; the posterior femora is armed with an apical spine. Members of the genus are less than 32 mm. in length. The genus Stagmotn- antis contains two species. The adults are more than 50 mm. in length, the pronotum is much longer than the anterior coxae, and there is no apical spine on the posterior femora. Both S. Carolina (Johannson) and S. californicus Rehn & Hebard have been found in the State. 44 The Great Basin Naturalist ANDREW H. BARNUM Vol. XIV, Nos. 3-4 FIG. 12 FIG. 2 ''^"^^^^rj^ -^ PLATE II AH Be Dec. 30, 1954 utah orthoptera 45 FAMILY PHASMIDAE (Walking-Sticks) The walking-sticks are among the curiosities of the insect world. They are remarkable for their resemblance to twigs of plants or to dead grass, and are protected effectively by their habit of moving very slowly and of remaining motionless for long periods of time. They have an elongate, slender, and cylindrical body with an ex- serted head. The prothorax is very short, the mesathorax and meta- thorax elongate. The legs are slender and alike in form. Tegmina and wings are lacking in all the United States species. A large arolium is present between the claws at the end of the five- segmen- ted tarsus. The ovipositor of the female is concealed by the subgeni- tal plate and the cerci are not joined (PL II, Figs. 12-15). 1. Antennae distinctly longer than anterior femora (2) Antennae not more than one-half as long as anterior femora. Genus Parabacillus P. hesperus Hebard P. coloradus (Scudder) 2. Head carinate; middle femora of male slender, not thicker than posterior ones; posterior femora unarmed in both sexes Pseudosermyle stramineus (Scudder) Head smooth; middle femora of male much swollen, distinct- ly thicker than posterior ones; posterior femora armed be- neath near apex with a single spine, in male very promi- nent, in female often very small and sometimes wholly absent Dia'pheroinera femorata (Say) FAMILY TETRIGIDAE (Pygmy or Grouse Locusts) The pygmy or grouse locusts are among the smallest represen- tatives of the Order Orthoptera and may be readily recognized by the prolonged pronotum which covers most of the body. This spec- ialization provides protection for the delicate wings and replaces the tegmina, which have been reduced to small oval lobes or scales. The wings are usually present and well developed, but in some spe- cies are not infrequently reduced in size and rarely are obsolete or unfit for normal functions. The length of the pronotum also varies with the size of the wings. Both long and short winged individuals occur in the species. The prosternum projects forward as a chin piece covering the mouthparts. The pul villi between the tarsal claws are absent. The subgenital plate of the male is conical or triangular; the cerci very small. The female may be recognized by the serrulate ovipositor with sharp diverging extremities. 1. Vertex extending forward beyond front of eyes, distinctly wider than one of them when viewed from above, its front margin angulate or rounded (PL III, Figs. 3 & 4) (2) Vertex not at all or barely advanced beyond eyes and usually narrower than one of them, its front margin truncate; front margin of pronotum reaching eyes (PI. Ill, Fig. 5) (3) 2. Median carina of pronotum raised in the form of a crest The Great Basin Naturalist 46 ANDREW H. BARNUM Vol. XIV, NoS. 3-4 and more or less arched lengthwise, its dorsal front mar- gin produced in an angle over the back of the head; pos- terior process of pronotum usually much abbreviated (PI. Ill, Fig. 2) Nomotettix cristatus (Scudder) Median carina of pronotum low, not arched, its front margin truncate or very obtuse-angulate (PI. Ill, Fig. 1) .. Genus Acrydium A. subulatum (Linnaeus) A. inciirvatum (Hancock) A. acadicum acadicum (Scudder) A. acadicmn brunneri (Bolivar) 3. Antennae 13-segmented ; frontal costa not at all sinuate; dorsal surface of pronotum distinctly rugose Apotettix rugosus (Scudder) Antennae 14-segmented; frontal costa, in profile, feebly but distinctly sinuate in front of the eyes; pronotum granu- lose, rarely finely scabrous Genus Paratettix P. cucullatus (Burmeister) P. mexicanus mexicanus (Saussure) FAMILY ACRIDIDAE (Locusts or short-horned Grasshoppers) Those exceedingly numerous and common grasshoppers from early spring to late autumn belong to the family Acrididae. They are characterized by relatively short antennae, usually shorter than the body. The tarsi are usually three-segmented; the front and middle legs subequal in size, much smaller and shorter than the hind legs which are highly modified for jumping. The tegmina are usually dull colored and thickened; the hind wings membranous, fan-shaped, and may be brightly colored. The ovipositor of the female consists of four short valves projecting from the tip of the abdomen, two of which curve upward and two downw^ard (PL III, Fig. 6). The abdomen of the male terminates in the compact sub- genital and supra-anal plates wdiich conceal the male reproductive organs (PI. III. Fig. 7). The four subfamilies of the Acrididae are individually keyed because of the numerous genera and species represented in the family. 1. Presternum armed with a distinct conical or cylindrical tubercle or spine (PL III, Fig. 8). Tarsal pulvilli excep- tionally large Subfamily Cyrtacanthacrinae Prosternum without tubercle (2) 2. Antennae shorter than front femora. Wings completely ab- sent. Hypothetical in extreme southwestern Utah. Sub- family Morseinae. One species Morsea californica dianicolo Rehn & HebardH Antennae longer than front femora (3) 3. Outer margin of hind tibiae armed with an apical spine next to the two apical spurs (apparently with three apical external spurs) (PI. Ill, Fig. 17) Subfamily Romaleinae Outer margin of hind tibiae armed with no apical spine (with only two apical spurs) (4) 4. Median carina of pronotum thread-like, lateral carinae dis- tinct; face usually slanting and forming an angle with the vertex; hind wings never banded or brightly colored; Dec. 30, 1954 utah orthoptera 47 — PLATE III The Great Basin Naturalist 48 ANDREW H. BARNUM Vol. XIV, Nos. 3-4 tarsal pulvilli large Subfamily Acridinae Median carina of pronotum usually raised crest-like above the pronotum, lateral carinae poorly developed; face near- ly vertical and rounded at meeting with vertex; wings long, hind wings usually brightly colored and with a black band Subfamily Oedipodinae KEY TO ACRIDINAE 1. Lateral foveolae of vertex forming a right or acute angle with plane of fastigium and invisible from above (PI. Ill, Fig. 9); face usually strongly slanting, forming an angle with vertex (2) Lateral foveolae of vertex forming an obtuse angle with plane of fastigium and visible from above (PI. Ill, Fig. 10) ; face usually vertical and rounded at meeting with vertex (13) 2. Antennae strongly ensiform; lateral carinae of pronotum parallel or weakly divergent caudad (3) Antennae simple, slightly flattened, or clavate; lateral carinae of pronotum curved (5) 3. Dorsal length of head greater than that of pronotum; form very slender, linear; vertex greatly produced Paropomala wyomingensis (Thomas)* Dorsal length of head less than that of pronotum; form less slender; vertex less strongly produced (4) 4. Male subgenital plate nearly twice as long as the preceding sternite; size smaller, male 23-27 mm., female 27-30 mm. Pseudopo7nala brachyptera (Scudder) Male subgenital plate shorter than the preceding sternite; size larger, male 26-32 mm., female 26-45 mm Mermiria rnaculipennis 'macclungi Rehn 5. Pronotum saddle-shaped; head distinctly elevated above pronotum (6) Pronotum normal; head not distinctly elevated above pronotum .. (7) 6. Fastigium strongly ascendant, not carinate; antennae very elongate, flattened Pedioscirtetts nevadensis Thomas* Fastigium not strongly ascendant, with a feeble medio-longi- tudinal carina; antennae short and simple Bootettix punctatus (Scudder) 7. Fastigium with surface largely convex, lacking a conspicuous infra-marginal impression (PI. Ill, Fig. 12) (8) Fastigium of vertex with surface concave or with a con- spicuous infra-marginal impression (PI. Ill, Fig. 11) (11) 8. Supplementary carinae absent on head and pronotum; teg- mina and wings usually reduced; lateral carinae of pro- notum straight, parallel, prominent and elevated Opeia obscura (Thomas) Supplementary carinae present on head or pronotum or both .... (9) 9. Internal spurs of caudal tibiae equal (10) Internal spurs of caudal tibiae decidedly unequal Eritettix variabilis Bruner* 10. Caudal tibiae supplied with more numerous (16 to 18 in female) external spines Syrbula fuscovittata Thomas Caudal tibiae supplied with fewer (12 to 15) external spines. Genus Amphitornus A. coloradus ornatus McNeill A. coloradus saJtator Hebard 11. Fastigium of vertex with a medio-longitudinal carina Neopodismopsis abdominalis (Thomas) h Dec. 30, 1954 utah orthoptera 49 Fastigium of vertex without a medio-longituclinal carina (12) 12. Antennae subensif orm ; lateral carinae of pronotum well indicated in color, but obsolete or subobsolete in contour .... Genus Cordillacris C. occipitalis occipitalis (Thomas) C. occipitalis cinerea (Bruner) C. crenulata crenulata (Bruner) Antennae simple; lateral carinae of pronotum weal^ly to strongly developed Genus Orphulella O. cotnpta Scudder O. pelidna desereta Scudder 13. Pronotum saddle-shaped, lateral carinae absent; costal field of tegmina expanded Ligurotettix coquilletti coquilletti McNeillH Pronotum normal, lateral carinae present; costal field of tegmina normal (14) 14. Antennae clavate in both sexes Aeropedellus clavatus clavatus (Thomas) Antennae simple (15) 15. Face slanting, meeting the vertex at an angle; wings short (16) Face nearly vertical and rounded at vertex; wings long or short (17) 16. Form moderately slender; face and eyes oblique; internal spurs of caudal tibiae equal ... Chorthippus longicornis (Latreille) Form moderately robust; face rounded and moderately oblique, eyes almost vertical; internal spurs of caudal tibiae moderately unequal Genus Bruneria B. alticola (Rehn) B. brunnea (Thomas)* 17. Median carina of pronotum distinct (18) Median carina of pronotum obsolete for most of its length. Heliaula rufa (Scudder) 18. Hind tibiae blue; median carina of pronotum low on pos- terior part of prozone and cut by two sulci (19) Hind tibiae red or tan; median carina continuous and cut by one sulcus (20) 19. Wings shorter than abdomen; with distinct dark markings on body Drepanopterna fe^noratum (Scudder) Wings longer than abdomen; dark markings indistinct Aulocara elliotti (Thomas) 20. Hind tibiae buff or pink in color; lateral carina of pronotum continuous and sharply constricted in middle; prozone shorter than metazone (^enus Psoloessa P. delicatula delicatula (Scudder) P. texana texana Scudder* Hind tibiae red; lateral carina obsolete on prozone; prozone longer than metazone Genus Ageneotettix A. deormn deortwi (Scudder) A. deoruvi curtipennis Bruner^c KEY TO OEDIPODINAE 1. Interspace of metasternum linear, or distinctly longer than broad in male; narrower than interspace between the mesosternal lobes in female (PI. HI, Figs. 13 and 14) (2) Interspace of metasternum rather broad, quadrate in male, transverse in female (4) 2. Intercalary vein nearer median than ulnar vein; wings brightly colored, red or yellow Genus Arphia A. pseudonietana pseudonietana (Thomas) A. conspersa Scudder Intercalary vein midway between or nearer the ulnar than the median vein; wings not brightly colored (3) The Great Basin Naturalist 50 ANDREW H. BARNUM Vol. XIV, NoS. 3-4 3. Intercalary vein nearer the ulnar than the median vein Encoptolophus pallidus subgracilis Caudell* Intercalary vein midway between the median and ulnar veins Chortophaga viridifasciata (DeGeer) 4. Lateral carinae of pronotum not transversely intersected by principal sulcus which is obsolete or indistinct on lateral lobes (5) Lateral carinae of pronotum transversely intersected by principal sulcus which is distinct on lateral lobes (9) 5. Median carina of pronotum conspicuous and well elevated; distal half of tegmina membranous and with quadrate cells .... (6) Median carina of pronotum slight; only distal one-fourth of tegmina membranous Genus Lepras L. wheeleri (Thomas) L. interior Bruner 6. Wings clear and without fuscous band; pronotum not rugose Camnula peUucida (Scudder) Wings decidedly colored, red or yellow, and with fuscous transverse band; pronotum rugose (7) 7. Median carina of pronotum not depressed between two transverse incisions (8) Median carina of pronotum depressed between two trans- verse incisions; or mid-portion of carina depressed if the two incisions are not clear (PL I, Fig. 2) Genus Xanthippus X. corallipes corallipes (Haldeman) X. corallipes leprosus Saussure* X. corallipes altivolus Scudder* X. griseus Scudder X. calthulus Saussure 8. Lateral lobes of pronotum slightly wider below than in middle Cratypedes neglectiis (Thomas) Lateral lobes of pronotum equal, not wider below than in middle (PI. I, Fig. 2) Genus Xanthippus 9. Median carina of pronotum high, cristate, arched on prozone and metazone and with only one deep transverse incision (10) Median carina of pronotum not high and cristate and with two deep transverse incisions (11) 10. Wings without median transverse fuscous band Genus Dissosteira D. Carolina (Linnaeus) D. spurcata Saussure Wings with median transverse fuscous band .... Genus Spharagemon S. equale (Say) S. collare (Scudder) 11. Posterior margin of pronotum broadly rounded or slightly angulate (PL III, Fig. 16) (13) Posterior margin of pronotum decidedly angulate (PL III, Fig. 15) ; median carina of pronotum high, with two deep transverse incisions; lateral prominences present near median carina of pronotum (12) 12. Size larger than 28 mm.; inner face of hind femora marked with blue Metator pardalinus (Saussure) Size smaller than 26 mm.; no blue present on hind femora. Trachyrhachis kiowa kiowa (Thomas) 13. Median carina of pronotum cut by two sulci, the anterior one of which is shallow; lateral carinae long and cut by pos- terior sulcus; size large (14) Median carina cut by two nearly equal sulci; lateral carinae of pronotum indistinct or not cut by posterior sulcus; size small, form slender (16) 14. Median carina of pronotum distinct (15) Median carina of pronotum slight Genus Leprus 15. Margins of lateral lobes of pronotum nearly parallel (PL I, Dec. 30, 1954 utah orthoptera 51 Fig. 2) Genus Xanthippus Hind margin of lateral lobe of pronotum slightly produced below Cratypedes neglectus (Thomas) 16. Posterior angle of lateral lobe of pronotum rounded; with or without a tooth (17) Posterior angle of lateral lobe acutely produced (25) 17. Posterior angle of lateral lobe of pronotum with a tooth (18) Posterior angle of lateral lobe without a tooth (20) 18. Disk of hind wing red; lateral elevations present adjacent to median carina of pronotum Trepidulus rosaceiis (Scudder) Disk of hind wing not red; lateral elevations of pronotum not present (19) 19. Median carina of metazone elevated Genus Conozoa C. wallula (Scudder) C. sulcifrons (Scudder) C. constricta Henderson Median carina of metazone very low Genus Trimerotropis T. cristata McNeill T. gracilis gracilis (Thomas) T. bilobata Rehn & Hebert* T. caeruleipennis Bruner T. cyaneipennis Bruner T. sparsa (Thomas) T. strenua McNeill T. citrina Scudder T. tolteca modesta Bruner* T. latifasciata Scudder T. laticincta Saussure T. agrestis McNeill T. Juliana Scudder T. inconspicua Bruner* T. pallidipennis pallidipennis (Burmeister) T. titusi Caudell* T. cincta (Thomas)* T. suffusus (Scudder) T. arizonensis Tinkham T. viriditihialis Henderson 20. Metazone smooth or with scattered granulations (21) Metazone rugose-tuberculate; lateral prominences present near median carina of pronotum Genus Derotmema D. delicatulum Scudder* D. haydenii rileyanuni Saussure 21. Median carina of pronotum cut nearly in the middle by posterior sulcus; sides of pronotum marked with black. Mestobregma impexum Rehn Median carina of pronotum cut considerably before middle by poster sulcus (22) 22. Form robust; antennae long; inner face of hind femora blu- ish-black Hadrotettix trifasciatus (Say) Form slender; antennae of normal length; inner face of hind femora not bluish (23) 23. Radiate veins of anal field of wing not swollen Genus Trimerotropis Radiate veins of anal field of wing distinctly swollen (24) 24. Swollen veins prominent only in anterior half or two-thirds of anal field; wing disk yellowish Genus Circotettix C. rabula rabula Rehn & Hebard C. rabula altior Rehn C. rabula nigrafasciatus Beamer C. verruculata (Kirby) Swollen veins prominent in entire anal field; wing disk col- The Great Basin Naturalist 52 ANDREW H. BARNUM Vol. XIV, NoS. 3-4 orless or blackish Aerochoreutes carlinianus strepitus Rhen 25. Posterior margin of pronotum rounded .... Anconia Integra Scudder Posterior margin of pronotum angulate; disk of hind wings pale yellow Cibolacris parviceps aridus (Bruner) KEY TO ROMALEINAE 1. Wings or wing pads present; size large, 27 mm (2) Wings absent; size small, 16 mm.; antennae very long Tanaocerus koebeli koebeli Bruner 2. Wings long, fully developed; pronotum smooth, carinae simple Tytthotyle maculata BrunerH Wings reduced to pads; pronotum flat, broad, elongated, covered with tubercles .... Phrynotettix tschivavensis (Haldeman) KEY TO CYRTACANTHACRINAE 1. Male subgenital plate with deep apical cleft (PL IV, Fig. 1); tegmina and wings very long Genus Schistocerca S. Shoshone (Thomas) S. alutacea (Harris) Male subgenital plate not cleft (2) 2. Wings completely absent; form small, very broad Genus Bradynotes B. kaibab Hebard B. obesa (Thomas) Wings present; form normal (3) 3. Tegmina and wings well developed, attaining or exceeding abdominal tip .■ (4) Tegmina and wings reduced to small non-functional pads (7) 4. Body color bright green with white dorsal stripe on pro- notum and white lateral patches on thorax; tegmina bluish-green, with very narrow white stripes ' Genus Hesperotettix H. viridis viridis (Thomas) H. viridis pratensis Scudder H. viridis nevadensis Morse H. viridis termius Hebard H. curtipennis Scudder Body color not as above (5) 5. Tegmina pale greenish; pronotum and caudal femora bluish" green marked with red and yellow Poecilotettix sanguineus Scudder* Tegmina and body darker in color; pronotum and caudal femora not marked with red and yellow (6) 6. Subgenital plate of male with a subapical cone (PI. IV, Fig. 2) ; cerci of male always slender, never broad and flattened Genus Aeoloplus A. tenuipennis Scudder A. chenopodii (Bruner) A. UirnbuUi turnbulli (Thomas) Subgenital plate without an apical cone or point (if a minute tubercle is present, the cerci are broad and flat- tened) Genus Melanoplus M. marshalli marshalli (Thomas) M. marshalli ascensor (Scudder) M. occidentalis accident alis (Thomas) M. occidentalis brevipennis Bruner* M. cuneatvs Scudder* M. rugglesi Gurney M. herbacens Bruner* M. victus Scudder M. bowditchi bowditchi Scudder* Dec. 30, 1954 UTAH ORTHOPTERA 53 FIG. 10 FIG. 16 fIG- '7 FIG. 19 FIG. 20 FIG. 16 FIG. 21 P'«i 29 FIG. 30 FIG. 26 FIG. 27 PLATE IV A l-l Barnur The Great Basin Naturalist 54 ANDREW H. BARNUM Vol. XIV, NoS. 3-4 M. bowditchi canus Hebard-^c M. flavidus flavidus Scudder* M. kennicotti kennicotti ScudderAC M. bruneri Scudder* M. niexicanus mexicanus (Saussure) M. mexicanus bilituraUis (Walker) M. devastator Scudder M. dawsoni ( Scudder )-^(^ M. bohemani (StaD* M. saltator Scudder M. fasciatus (F. Walker) M. borealis palaceus Fulton^c M. borealis utahensis Scudder M. femur-rubrum feinur-ruhruvi (DeGeer) M. cinereus Scudder M. complanatipes coniplanatipes Scudder^c M. complanatipes canonicus Scudder M. dodgei (Thomas) M. angustipennis (Dodge) M. packardi Scudder M. foedus foedus Scudder* M. solitudinis Hebard M. alpinus Scudded M. infantilis Scudder _ . M. confusus Scudder M. keeleri luridus (Dodge) M. differentialis nigricans Cockerell M. bivittatus (Say) M. yarrowi (Thomas) 7. Body color greenish (8) Body color darker (9) 8. Posterior margin of pronotum angulate; body bright green with full-length dorsal white stripe; sides of pronotum with black patch Genus Hesperotettix Posterior margin of pronotum convexly rounded; body uni- formly greenish without stripes Genus Aeolophis 9. Pronotum with distinct lateral keels Genus Oedaleonotus O. enig'ina (Scudder) O. borckii orientis Hebard^^"^ Pronotum without keels (10) 10. Head excessively large in proportion to pronotum, wider, even excluding the eyes, then the pronotum Phoetaliotes nebrascensis (Thomas) Head normal in size Genus Melanoplus FAMILY TETTIGONIIDAE (Long-horned Grasshoppers, Katydids, etc.) Many different and distinct forms can be found among the long-homed grasshoppers, but definite morphological character- istics show their relationships to one another. All members of the family have extremely long, finely tapered antennae and four-joint- ed tarsi, wdthout pads between the claws. The females have a com- pressed, blade-like ovipositor. The hearing organs are situated on the front tibiae, and the tegmina of the males are modified to form a sounding-board for the stridulating apparatus. 1. Wings present or represented by short pads; front tibiae Dec. 30, 1954 utah orthoptera 55 with auditory organs (PI. V, Fig. 5) (2) Wings absent; front tibiae without auditory organs (5) 2. Mostly long-winged green species; first two tarsal segments without lateral grooves; ovipositor broad, flat, curved sharply upward (PI. V, Fig. 1). (Subfamily Phaneropterinae) ...(6) Mostly short-winged; tegmina as long as wings; ovipositor long, narrow (PI. V, Fig. 4) (3) 3. Form slender; pronotum normal in size; hind tarsi without plantula. (Subfamily Conocephalinae) (4) Form robust; pronotum large, produced over base of ab- domen, often concealing rudimentary female tegmina; hind tarsi with free plantula at base of first segment (PL V, Fig. 2). (Subfamily Tettigoniinae) (9) 4. Prosternal spines cylindrical, slender; body 18 mm. or long- er; ovipositor upcurved Orchelimmn gladiator BrunerAC Prosternal spines very short or wanting; body less than 17 mm.; ovipositor nearly straight; wings usually short. Conocephalus fasciatus vicinus (Morse)* 5. Head large; antennal bases widely separated; tarsi with pulvilli. (Subfamily Stenopelmatinae)' Stenopeimatus fuscus Haldeman Head smaller; antennal bases very close together; tarsi without pulvilli. (Subfamily Rhapidophorinae)' (IS) 6. Size small, less than 38 mm.; tegmina narrow, hind margin usually sinuate; pronotum saddle-shaped (7) Size large, more than 38 mm.; pronotum not saddle-shaped; pronotum with hind margin broadly rounded (8) 7. Comparatively robust species; tegmina broad, frequently barred with white; hind wings not over 7 mm. longer than tegmina Genus Insara I. elegans elegans (Scudder)H /. elegans consuetipes (Scudder)ii Extremely slender, long-legged species; wings, if present, uniformly colored and tegmina more than 7 mm. shorter than hind wings Genus Arethaea A. coyotero Hehard" A. gracilipes gracilipes (Thomas)* 8. Tegmina long and narrow, but little wider at middle than at apex; fastigium between antennae little wider than first antennal segment Sciidderia furcata furcifera Scudder Tegmina distinctly wider at middle than at apex; fastigium much wider than first antennal segment Mic7'ocentru7n rhombifolium (Saussure)* 9. Wings short, rarely longer than pronotum and often, es- pecially in female, rudimentary or wanting (10) Wings fully developed, extending far beyond tip of ab- domen in both sexes Genus Capnobotes C. fuliginosus (Thomas) C. occidentalis (Thomas) 10. Prosternum armed with a pair of indistinct, sharply triangu- lar spines (PI. V, Fig. 3) Eremopedes ephippiatus ephippiatus (Scudder)* Prosternum unarmed (11) 11. Pronotum without indications of lateral carinae on anterior half or indicated only by color (12) Pronotum with persistent lateral carinae (except some- times on posterior fourth) (15) 12. Hind femora, except in young specimens, less than twice as 2. Recent authors have placed the Stenopehnatinae and Rhaphidophorinae into a separate family. the Gryllicrididae. 56 The Great Basin NaturaliEt ANDREW H. BARNUM Vol. XIV, NoS. 3-4 _J^ FIG. 13 PLATE V AH Barn Dec. 30. 1954 utah orthoptera 57 long as pronotum Anabrus simplex Haldeman Hind femora more than twice as long as pronotum (13) 13. Tegmlna of female not projecting beyond pronotum, of male rarely projecting one-half the length of pronotum (14) Tegmina of female projecting somewhat beyond pronotum, of male projecting one-half or more than one-half the length of pronotum Genus Idiostatus I. hendersoni Hebard /. variegata Caudell^*- 14. Size large, pronotum 12 mm. or more in length; pronotum with distinct lateral and median carinae on posterior half; posterior femora less than two and one-half times as long as pronotum; ovipositor curved lightly upward Anabrus shnplex Haldeman Size smaller, pronotum 8 mm. or less in length; pronotum without carinae on posterior half; posterior femora more than two and one-half times as long as pronotum; ovipos- itor usually more noticeably curved upward Eremopedes ephippiatus ephippiatus (Scudder)* 15. Hind femora short, less than twice as long as pronotum; posterior tibiae with four apical spines below Genus Plagiostira P. albonotata albonotata Scudder P. gillettei Caudell Hind femora long, twice or more as long as pronotum (16) 16. Lateral lobes of pronotum declivant, slightly so in Steiroxys; posterior femora three or more times as long as pronotum, much swollen in basal half (17) Lateral lobes of pronotum perpendicular, or almost so; posterior femora little if any more than twice as long as pronotum Genus Plagiostira 17. Tegmina well developed, overlapping above and projecting about one-half the length of pronotum in both sexes Clinopleura melanopleura (Scudder) Tegmina of female forming slightly projecting lateral pads, widely separated above Genus Steiroxys S. pallidipalpus (Thomas) S. trilineatus (Thomas) 18. All tarsi 4-segmented (19) Front or front and hind tarsi 3-segmented, the two proxi- mal segments fused (20) 19. Dorsal surface of front tibiae with a stout spur slightly dis- tad of middle of front margin ... Udeopsylla robusta (Haldeman) Dorsal surface of front tibiae unarmed except at apex Genus Ceuthophilus C. utahensis Thomas C. mormonius Hubbell C. wasatchensis Hubbell C. unguiculatus Hubbell C arizonensis Scudder C. gertschi Hubbell C. fusiformis Scudder C. caudelli Hubbell C. hebardi Hubbell C. fossor Hubbell C. lamellipes Rehn 20. Front tarsi alone 3-segmented Daihiniodes hastiferum Rehn* Both front and hind tarsi 3-segmented (21) 21. Dorsal margins of hind tibiae with five relatively short, very heavy spurs (exclusive of calcars), these rather widelv The Great Basin Naturalist 58 ANDREW H. BARNUM Vol. XIV, NoS. 3-4 separated (PL V, Fig. 6); large, robust, heavdly sclero- tized insects Daihinia brevipes Haldeman* Dorsal margins of hind tibiae with seven very long spurs (exclusive of calcars), closely crowded in distal half of tibiae (PL V, Fig. 7) .. Animobaenetes phrixacnernoides (CaudelD* FAMILY GRYLLIDAE (Crickets) The crickets, like the Tettigoniidae, have long, delicately taper- ing antennae and auditory organs on the front tibiae. The males have stridulatory organs on the tegmina. They differ from the long- horned grasshoppers, however, in having three-jointed tarsi, an awl- like or needle-like ovipositer, and tegmina which are flat above and bent sharply downward at the sides of the body. These insects are essentially nocturnal, but are also active to a considerable extent during the day. Some are among the most numerous and common insects and are widely distributed; others are exceedingly rare and very local in distribution. 1. Hind tibiae armed with rows of long spines (2) Hind tibiae without rows of long spines, but with rows of short teeth; body covered with scales. (Subfamily Mogo- plistinae) Cycloptilium comprehendens interior Hebard 2. Form robust; brown or black; head vertical (3) Form slender; greenish; hind tibiae armed with long, deli- cate spines with minute teeth between; head horizontal. (Subfamily Oecanthinae) Genus Oecanthus O. niveiis (DeGeer) O. californicus californicus Saussure* O. californicus pictipennis Hebard O. nigricornis quadripiinctatus Beutemuller* O. nigricornis argentinus Saussure 3. Wingless; hind femora enormously enlarged; eyes small; of minute size. (Subfamily Myrmecophilinae) Myrmecophila manni Schimmer* Winged at least in the adult male; medium to large size; spines of hind tibiae without small teeth between (4) 4. Hind tibiae armed with fixed long spines; no large bristles on body or legs; medium to large size, 12-22 mm. (Sub- family Gryllinae) (5) Hind tibiae armed with long, movable spines; many bristles on body and legs; size smaller. (Subfamily Nemobiinae) Genus Nemobius N. fasciatus fasciatus (DeGeer) N. carolinus neomexicanus Scudder* A'', mormonius Scudder 5. Fore wings of male with three to six transverse veins; large in size; very common; hind tibiae with five to eight spines on each upper margin Gryllulus assiniUis (Fabricius)* Fore wings of male with two transverse veins; medium size; hind tibiae with four to six spines on upper margin Miogryllus lineatus (Scudder) LITERATURE CITED The following list of literatiu-e is a small part of the publications available on the Orthoptera. This list includes a few of the more Dec. 30, 1954 utah orthoptera 59 important publications since the turn of the century. Space does not permit a listing of all references on the Utah Orthoptera. Alexander, Gordon. 1941. Keys for the Identification of Colorado Orthoptera. Univ. Col. Studies, Ser. D., 1:129-164. Ball, E. D., Tinkham, E. R., Flock, Robert, and Vorhies, C. T. 1942. The grasshoppers and other Orthoptera of Arizona. Univ. Ariz., Tech. Bull. 93:255-373. Blatchley, W. S. 1920. Orthoptera of Northeastern America. Nature Publishing Company. 784 pp. Caudell, A. N. 1903. The Phasmidae, or walking-sticks, of the United States. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 26:863-885. 1907. The Decticinae (a group of Orthoptera) of North Ameri- ca. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 32:285-410. 1916. The genera of the Tettigoniid insects of the subfamily Rhaphidophorinae found in iVmerica North of Mexico. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 49:655-690. Fulton, B. B. 1931. A study of the genus Nemobius. Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer., 24:205-237. Gurney, Ashley B. 1940. A revision of the grasshoppers of the genus Orphulella Giglio-tos, from America north of Mexico. Entom. Amer., 20:85-158. Hancock, J. L. 1902. The Tettigidae of North America. R. R. Donnelley and Sons Company, Chicago. 188 pp. Hebard, Morgan. 1917. The Blattidae of North America, north of the Mexican boundary. Mem. Amer. Ent. Soc. 2, 284 pp. 1926. A key to the North American genera of the Acridinae which occur north of Mexico. Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, 52:47-59. 1945. The species and races of Hesperotettix in Utah. Ent. News, 56:175-178. Henderson, W. W. 1924. A taxonomic and ecological study of the species of the subfamily Oedipodinae found in Utah. Utah Agri. Exp. Sta., Tech. Bull. 191:150 pp. 1941. The genus Aeoloplides in Utah. Proc. Utah. Acad. Sci., Arts and Lett., 18:83-87. 1942. The genus Hesperotettix in Utah. The Great Basin Naturalist, 3:9-21. The Great Basin Naturalist 60 ANDREW H. BARNUM Vol. XIV, NoS. 3-4 1943. The genus Phoetaliotes in Utah. Proc. Utah Acad. Sci., Arts and Lett., 19:93-97. 1943. The genus Schistocerca in Utah. Proc. Utah Acad. Sci., Arts and Lett., 20:99-103. 1944. Four devastating Melanopli found in Utah. Great Basin Naturalist, 5:1-22. Henderson, W. W. and Levi, Alexander. 1938. Walking-sticks found in Utah. Proc. Utah Acad. Sci., Arts and Lett., 15:93-97. Hubbell, T. H. 1936. A monographic revision of the genus Ceuthophilus. Univ. Fla. Biol. Sci. Ser., 2:1-551. Knowlton, Geo. F. 1939. Grasshopper Control in Utah, 1938. Proc. Utah Ac. of of Sci., Arts and Letters. Vol. 16, pp. 43-47. McNeill, Jerome. 1901. Revision of the Orthopteran genus Trimerotropis. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 23:393-449. Morse, A. P. 1920. Manual of the Orthoptera of New England. Proc. Bost, Soc. Nat. Hist., 35:197-556. Olsen, O. Wilford. 1929. Notes on the Tetrigmae of Utah. Pan-Pac. Ent., 5:181- 182. Rehn, James A. G. 1906. Some Utah Orthoptera. Ent. News, 17:284-288. Rehn, James A. G., and Hebard, Morgan. 1906. A contribution to the knowledge of the Orthoptera of Montana, Yellowstone Park, Utah and Colorado. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 58:358-418. 1906. Orthopterous insects of southwestern United States. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 58. Rehn, John W. H. 1950. A key to the genera of North American Blattaria, in- cluding established adventures. Ent. News, 61:64-67. Tanner, Vasco M. 1927. Notes on Orthoptera and Dermaptera from Utah. Pan- Pac. Ent., 3:178-179. Tanner, Vasco M., and Olsen, O. Wilford. 1929. Studies in Utah Orthoptera. Proc. Utah Acad. Sci., 6:30- 31. Tinkham, E. R. 1944. Biological, Taxonomic and Faunistic studies on the Shield-back Katydids of the North American Deserts. Amer. Mid. Nat., 31:257-328. Valcarce, Arland C. 1951. A taxonomic and distributional study of the genus Mel- anoplus in Utah. LItah State Agri. College, unpublished Master's Thesis. SYNONYMIC AL DATA: DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW HYDROMETRIDAE (HEMIPTERA) By Carl J. Drake, Ames Iowa The present paper contains the descriptions of two new species of Hydrometra from Peru. The notes and synonymical data on types are based largely upon specimens in the British Museum (Nat. Hist.) and University of Glasgow. I am indebted to Dr. W. E. China of the above Museum for the privilege of studying the types of a number of American water-striders. The types of the new species are in my personal collection. HYDROMETRA ARGENTINA Berg 1879 Hydrometra argentina Berg, Hem. Arg. p. 184 (orig. desc). 1879 Hydrometra mensor B. -White, Trans. Ent. See. London P. 267 (new synonymy). 1896 Hydrometra argentina Lethierry et Severin, Cat. gen. Hem. Het. 3:54 1896 Hydrometra mensor Lethierry et Severin, op. cit. p. 54. 1898 Hydrometra mensor Champion, Biol. Centr.-Amer. Rhyn. 2:124-125 (in part; specimen from Santarem, only). 1901 Limnometra chilensis Reed, Rev. Chil nat. 5:197 (reprint, p. 103) 1909 Hydrometra argentina Kirkaldy et Torre-Bueno, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. 10(2-3) :213 (list.) 1909 Hydrometra mensor Kirkaldy et Torre-Bueno, op. cit. p. 214 (list). 1921 Hydrometra argentina Pennington, Lista Hem. Het. Rep. Arg. pt. 2, p. 31. 1926 Hydrometra mensor Torre-Bueno, Entom. Amer. 7(2): 100 & 104-105. 1926 Hydrometra kirkaldyana Torre-Bueno, op. cit. pp. 101 & 104-105. 1926 Hydrometra husseyi Torre-Bueno, op. cit. p. 102 & 111-113. 1926 Hydrometra argentina Torre-Bueno, op. cit. pp. 125-126. 1926 Hydroinetra chilensis Torre-Bueno, op. cit. p. 126. 1934 Hydroynetra kirkaldyana Hungerford et Evans, Ann. Mus. nat. Hung. 27:10. 1934 Hydrometra mensor Hungerford et Evans, op. cit. pp. 92, 103 & 105. 1934 Hydrotnetra husseyi Hungerford et Evans, op. cit. pp. 92 & 105, pi. 12 (3 figs.) 1934 Hydrometra argentina Hungerford et Evans, cit. p. 107 (list). 1934 Hydroynetra chilensis Hungerford et Evans, op. cit. p. 107 (list). 1953 Hydrometra argentina Drake, J. Kan. Ent. Soc. 26(1): 40-41 (syn- onymizes H. chilensis (Reed), H. husseyi Torre-Bueno and H. kirkaldyana Torre-Bueno with H. argentina). H. argentina Berg is a common and very widely dispersed marsh-treader, ranging from Trinidad, B.W.I., and Panama south far into Argentina and Chile. It is more agile and active than its North American congeners. After studying the types of H. mensor Buchanan- White (Univ. of Glasgow) and H. argentina Berg (La Plata Mus., Aug.), I find that the two are identical species and thus synonyms (new syn- onymy). As the original description of H. argentina was published 61 The Great Basin Naturalist 62 CARL J. DRAKE Vol. XIV, Nos. 3-4 first in the July 1879 issue of Anal. Soc. Cien. Arg. 8(1):23 (re- printed in Dec, 1879, in the collected volume "Hemiptera-Argen- tina," p. 189) and that of H. mensor Buchanan- White in Dec, 1879, in Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., p. 267, the former name thus has priority by several months. For a discussion of other synonymies and notes on distribution, see the article by Drake (1953, op. cit. pp. 40-41). HYDROMETRA NAIADES Kirkaldy 1909 Hydrovietra mensor Champion, Biol. Centr.Amer. Rhyn. 2:124 & 125-126 (in part; female specimen, David, Panama). 1902 Hydrometra naiades Kirkaldy, Entomologist, 25:281 (n. n. for H. ynensor Champion, nee B.-White). 1909 Hydrometra naiades Kirkaldy et Torre-Bueno, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. 10(3-4): 214 (list; Panama). 1926 Hydrometra naiades Torre-Bueno, Ent. Amer. 7(2): 117 (in part; desc. and notes should be referred to H. australis Say). 1934 Hydrometra naiades Hungerford et Evans, Ann. Mus. Nat. Hung. 28:107 (list of Amer. spp. Hydrometra). The following notes are based upon the female type in British Museum, and are intended to supplement the original description (Champion 1898, p. 125). Anteocular part of head less than twice as long as postocular (78:41); clypeus narrow, nearly twice as long at base as median length, with apex bluntly rounded. Rostrum very long, with apex extending beyond the eyes to the basal fourth of postocular part of head. Antennae dark brownish fuscous with apical half of first segment blackish, measurements — I, 16; II, 35; III, 70; IV, 40. Pronotum 1.55 mm. long; anterior lobe impunctate, save for the encircling row of rather shallow pits just behind collar; hind lobe with a number of large shallow pits (not very numerous). Hem- elytra (brachypterous) strap-like, fuscous, barely extending beyond metanotum. Hind femora 3.50 mm. long, extending to middle of sixth abdominal segment. Middle and fore acetabula with four pits (each), two in front of a cleft and two behind it; hind acetabula without pits. This species is known only from the type. Torre-Bueno (1926, p. 117) wrongly described the female of H. australis Say as naiades. As H. myrae Torre-Bueno is a synonym of australis, his comments therefore should be referred to australis. The lone specimen recorded from Santarem, Brazil, by Champion (1898, pp. 125-126) is the true H. mensor B.-White and inseparable from //. argentina Berg. HYDROMETRA METATOR B. White (Figs. 1-4) Hydrometra metator B.-White, J. Linn. Soc. Lond. (Zool. Hung. 28:93-94. 1934. Hydrometra metator Hungerford et Evans, Ann. Mus. Zool. Hung. 28:93- 1934. Hydrometra 7netator Costa-Lima, Ins. Bras. Hem. 2:296. 1942. Dec. 30, 1954 new hydrometridae 63 While I was studying Hemiptera at the British Museum last summer (1953), Dr. W. E. China kindly borrowed the male type of H. metator B.- White from the University of Glasgow. In order to expose fully the male processes and acetabular pits, the specimen was floated off the rectangular card and carefully cleaned. These structures were then illustrated by Mr. Arthur Smith, Artist, of the above museum (figs. 1-4). As can be observed in the illustrations (figs. 2-4), the anterior acetabula have two pits in front of a cleft and one behind it; middle acetabula one in front of a cleft and three behind it; and hind aceta- bula nine pits. The pits are small and were not plainly visible until after the waxy secretions and glue had been removed. The male processes (fig. 1) of the seventh ventrite were figured at an oblique ventral angle of about 40 degrees. From this angle the left male process could be drawn from ventral aspect so as to show size, form and position on segment as well as arrangement and density of bristly hairs around the rim, and the right process from almost lateral aspect. The above structures were wrongly described by Hun- gerford and Evans, op. cit., p. 93. Metator is a very distinct species and known only from the type. HYDROMETRA CARAIBA Guerin-Meneville 1856 Hydrometra caraiba Guerin-Meneville, in Sagra's Cuba Ins. 7(2): 173. 1896 Gerris caraiba Lethierry et Severin, Cat. gen. Hem. Het. 3:60. 1898 Hydrometra caraiba Champion, Biol. Centr.Amer. Rhyn. 2:124. 1926 Hydrometra caraiba Torre-Bueno, Ent. Amer. NS7(2):101 & 113- 114. 1926 Hydrometra championi Torre-Bueno, op. cit. pp. 103 & 119-120. (NEW SYNONYMY) 1934 Hydrometra caraiba Hungerford and Evans, Ann. Mus. Nat. Hung. 28:91 & 94, 2 figs. 1934 Hydrometra championiana Hungerford and Evans, op. cit. pp. 91 & 94, 2 figs. Ever since Torre-Bueno (1926, p. 119) proposed the name //. championiana for the species Champion (1898, p. 124) called car- aiba, there has been constant confusion relative to these names. As the types of H. championiana are in the British Museum (Nat. Hist), Torre-Bueno's notes and redescription of championiana were based entirely upon specimens so determined by him from Guate- mala (Gaulan) and Colombia (Rio Frio). In other collections Torre- Bueno also determined H. zeteki Drake and H. acapulccma Drake as championiana. During the past summer (1953) I studied the types of //. championiana in the British Museum. As these specimens do not differ specifically from specimens of H. -caraiba from Cuba, Haiti The Great Basin Naturalist 64 CARL J. DRAKE Vol. XIV, Nos. 3-4 and Central America, championiana is here placed in synonymy (new synonymy). Specimens of H. caraiba have been examined from Mexico, Honduras, Panama, Guatamala, Colombia, Venezuela, British Guiana, Cuba, and Haiti. HYDROMETRA FUANUCANA Drake, n. sp. Long, rather slender, brown with hemelytra dark fuscous. Head blackish fuscous with base brown, moderately enlarged at apex, 4.60 mm. long, with ventral interocular groove short and shallow, the anteocular part nearly three times as long as postocular (63:22). Rostrum pale brown, with apex extending between eyes. Antennae fuscous, long; first segment moderately incrassate, black-fuscous, shining, narrowly embrowned at base; measurements — I, 13; II, 19; III, 95; IV, 41. Legs very long, fuscous with tibiae mostly brownish; anterior femora a little longer than the head; hind femora much longer than the abdomen (140: 105). Pronotum with front lobe about one-half as long and hind part, impunctate save for the transverse row of moderately large pits just back of the narrow collar; hind lobe with median longitudinal frost- ed line impressed and beset with a row of pits, surface on each side of median line with very many deep, rather small pits not arranged in regular rows, the pits on hind lobe slightly smaller than those be- hind collar. All acetabula deeply pitted; anterior acetabula with 9-10 pits in front of a cleft and 12-13 behind it; middle acetabula with 9-13 pits in front of a cleft and 12-13 back of it; hind acetabula with 15-17 pits; propleura with 12-15 pits, arranged in a long basal row and either one or two short rows above it. Abdomen with first six tergites smooth, black, shining, the seventh tergite brownish and roughened with small spinulae; connexivum blackish fuscous, browoi- ish on median line. Hemelytra extending nearly to the middle of sixth tergite, dark fuscous with a couple pale streaks. Male: Seventh ventrite with rounded processes (one on each side) which are situated just behind the middle of segment, each process beset with moderately long, stiff, black hairs (thick in basal half and then only a few on rim of posterior part), distance between processes about equal to the diameter of one of them, surface not impressed within processes, the latter not extending to hind border of segment; eighth ventrite deeply broadly impressed on each side, with a broad median smooth ridge between impression, with a few scattered pale hairs in posterior part of each impression, wdth several much longer hairs behind each impression. Dec. 30, 1954 new hydrometridae 65 Female: Seventh tergite elevated backwards, with small tufts of hairs (one on each side) on hind margin; eighth tergite slowly narrowed and sloping downward posteriorly, suddenly narrowed be- hind and terminating in a sharp point. Length, 13.75-15.00 mm. Type (male) and allotype (female), both macropterous, "Cu- charos," Dept. of Faunuco, on small ponds near the bank of River Huallago, Peru, August, 1954. Paratypes: 4 specimens, taken with type. HYDROMETRA HUALLAGANA Drake, n. sp. Long, rather slender, brownish fuscous. Head fuscous-black with basal part brown, moderately widened in front; anteocular part three times as long as postocular (65:22) ; ventral ocular groove shal- low, not longer than an eye; clypeus dark reddish brown, shining, slightly longer than wide, obtusely angulate in front; rostrum brown- ish with apex dark fuscous, scarcely extending beyond front margins of eyes. Antennae very long, fuscous; first segment blackish with brownish base, shining, moderately swollen; measurements — I, 28; 11, 64; III, 210; IV, 85. Legs very long, fuscous; anterior femora ex- tending beyond apex of clypeus; hind femora much longer than abdomen (155:120). Pronotum 2.50 mm. long, with the median longitudinal line ex- tending from base almost to collar; anterior lobe about one-half as long as hind, with an encircling row of moderately large deep pits just behind narrow collar, otherwise impunctate, even in frosted me- dian line; hind lobe with a row of pits in frosted line, with very many, rather small, deep and very distinct pits on each side of median line. All acetabula with numerous deep pits, which are a little larger than ones on hind pronotal lobe; fore acetabula with 7-8 pits in front of a cleft and 9-11 behind it; middle acetabula with 7-11 pits in front of a cleft and 10-11 behind it; hind acetabula with 15-18 pits; propleura with 8-12 pits, arranged in a long basal and one or two shorter rows. Abdomen with first six tergites greyish black-fuscous, smooth, shining, the seventh tergite roughened with spinulae; connexiva dark fuscous with broad, median, brown stripe; venter dark fuscous, the sterna brownish. Hemelytra (brachypter- ous) extending a little beyond base of abdomen, brownish with raised veins dark fuscous, (macropterous) extending to base of seventh ter- gite, brown with broad median stripe dark fuscous, usually much paler on each side of stripe. 66 CARL J. DRAKE The Great Basin Naturalist Vol. XIV, Nos. 3-4 Male: Abdomen with six, seventh and eighth ventrites sparsely clothed with long pale hairs; seventh ventrite with a large, impress- ed, apical area (one on each side) extending from a little in front of middle almost to apex of segment), densely bordered in front and thinner on the exterior side with long, stiff, black hairs, the inner side and behind open, almost without hairs, the surface within pro- cess sparsely clothed with very short, pale hairs and lightly frosted; eighth ventrite quite deeply broadly impressed on each side, with- out a prominent median ridge, somewhat frosted; eighth tergite ter- minating behind in a slightly upturned, pointed process. Female: Seventh tergite raised backwards; eighth tergite narrowed and slop- ing downwards, terminating posteriorly in a sharp point. Length, 14.00-16.00 mm. Type (macropterous male) and allotype (brachypterous fe- male), "Cucharos" Dept. of Faunuco, River Huallago, in boggy ponds on bank, Peru, August, 1954. Paratypes 4 examples, taken with type. Probably most closely allied to H. williamsi Hungerford and Evans, but readily separated from it by number of pits in acetabula. The male processes are somewhat similar in the two species. Hydroinetra metator B.- White (male type). Fig. 1, 7th ventrite showing male processes. Fig. 2, fore acetabula showing pits. Fig. 3, mid- dle acetabula. Fig. 4, posterior acetabula. TWO NEW LAELAPTID SNAKE MITES FROM KOREA (Acarina: Laelaptidae) TED TIBBETTSi While serving with the 5th Air Force in Korea during 1953, I collected a series of new laelaptid mites from two species of snakes. Most of these mites were located under the scales in the ventral area of the head. However, a few were found beneath scales on other parts of the body. Dr. Vasco M. Tanner of the Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah was kind enough to identify these snakes as Elaphe dione (Pallas) and Natrix tigrina lateralis (Berthold). Radford (1946) established a new genus Ophidilaelaps for a laelaptid mite taken from a copper-headed rat snake (Coluber radi- atus Schlegel) collected in Imphal, Manipur State, India. The sternal plate in this genus is broader than long and is provided with one or two pair of setae. In 1918, Berlese gave a short description of a laelaptid mite found on snakes at Florence, Italy and named this species Laelaps piger; however Radford concludes that this is not a true Laelaps, because of the presence of only two pairs of setae on the sternal plate and in having only one pair of setae on the genito-ventral plate. The dorsal plate is also partially divided in an area located between the third and fourth coxae and therefore this mite was renamed Ophidi- laelaps piger (Berlese). The two species of snake mites discussed in this paper follow Radford's genus Ophidilaelaps in having a reduced sternal plate with one or two pair of sternal setae and one pair of setae on the genito- ventral plate. A partial or fully divided dorsal plate appears to be a species variation. OPHIDILAELAPS TANNERI n. sp. Female. (Fig. 4, plate I). Body length, excluding gnathosoma, 747 u and body width 390 u. Venter. Antero-lateral angles of the sternal plate projecting between coxae I and II; anterior margin convex; lateral margin slightly concave; posterior 'margin concave; posterior lateral projections of sternal plate level with anterior edge of coxae III. Only the first pair of sternal setae are borne upon the sternal plate; second pair of setae are level with middle of coxae II, just on the inside of the posterior lateral projection of the sternal plate; third pair of setae at the posterior lateral angles, even with the anterior edge of coxa III; fourth pair of setae slightly below the middle of 67 1. Captain (MSC) United States Air Force. 68 TED TIBBETTS The Great Basin Naturalist Vol. XIV, Nos. 3-4 Explanation of Plate I - — Ophidilaelaps tanneri n. sp. Fig. 1, Female dorsal; Fig. 2, Female, chelicera; Fig 3, Male, ventral; Fig. 4, Female, ventral. coxa III. The 2nd, 3rd and 4th pair of satae do not appear to be borne upon the sternal plate. Some specimens examined had the Dec. 30, 1954 new laelaptid snake mite 69 second pair of setae on the edge of the posterior lateral projection. Genito-ventral plate flask-shaped, bearing the paired genital setae level with the posterior edge of coxa IV. Anal plate ovoid, 168 u long and 99 u wide; anus in middle of plate. The paired anal setae level with middle of anus; unpaired seta at the posterior end of anal plate. Posterior to the genito-ventral plate and anterior to the anal plate, in the soft integument of the opisthosoma, are four pairs of setae. Flanking the anal plate are two pairs of setae and close to the posterior margin of the body are two pairs of setae, with three pairs of setae on the posterior margin. Dorsum. (Fig. 1.) In the female the dorsal plate is partially divided. The anterior portion covers the dorsum from the anterior margin of the body to the level of leg IV. The dorsal plate is partially divided at a level of leg IV; then converging to a rounded point posteriorly, leaving an exposed area of soft integument between it and the posterior-lateral margin of the body. On the anterior portion of the dorsal plate are 19 pairs of setae and on the posterior portion of the dorsal plate are 23 pairs of setae. Six pairs of setae are borne on the soft integument, posterior to the dorsal plate. Legs. Legs short and stout. Legs I stouter than II, III and IV. Coxae I is provided with a stout distal spur 49 u long and 19 u wide at the base and a short median spur 24 u long; coxae II and III have one seta each and a short spur. The spur on coxae II is bifid. On some paratypes the median spur on coxae I and the spur on coxae II and III are bifid. Coxae IV with one simple seta. Peritremes extending from coxae IV to the middle of coxae I and II. Gnathosoma. Chelicerae chelate; (Fig. 2); movable finger has three teeth and unmovable finger has two teeth with a tooth-like hooked end on the movable finger; chela 33 u long. Palps of usual form 105 u long from base of trochanter to tip. Hypostome 66 u long with three pairs of setae, extends to the posterior margin of palpal tibia. Tritosternum not barbed, 105 u long. Male (Fig. 3). Length from posterior margin to the anterior tip of the dorsal plate 546 u. Maximum width 247 u. Chela 45 u long. Palps of usual form 81 u long from tip to base. Hypostome 60 u long. Male similar in appear- ance to the female. Host -Snake (Natrix tigrina lateralis (Berthold)). Locality-Seoul, Korea, 20 May 1953. Material-Holotype female and allotype male and four paratype females deposited in the U. S. National Museum. U.S. Nat. Mus. The Great Basin Naturalist 70 TED TIBBETTS ^ Vol. XIV, NOS. 3-4 No. 2201. Remarks — Ten females and one male were collected from a snake Natrix tigrina lateralis (Berthold) near Seoul, Korea, 20, May, 1953. The snake was chloroformed and placed under a stereoscope microscope for observation. The majority of mites were located on the ventral side of the head under the scales. However, a few were found under the lateral scales of the body. In most cases the hysterosoma was protruding from under the scales and the mite was easily located. Ophidilaelaps tanneri differs from all other species in this genus in having a stout distal spur and short median spur on coxae I and in having a partially divided dorsal plate at a level of leg IV. The sternal plate has one pair of setae. This mite has been named for Dr. V. M. Tanner, eminent professor, who has in- spired many students in the study of zoology at Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah. OPHIDILAELAPS FARRIERI n. sp. Female. (Fig 3, Plate II). Body length excluding gnathosoma, 637 u and body width 468 u. Venter. The sternal plate has the same shape as O. tanneri except the posterior lateral projections of the sternal plate only extend slightly past the center of coxae II. The first pair of sternal setae are located on the sternal plate; second pair of setae are level with middle of coxae II, just on the inside of the posterior lateral projection of the sternal plate; third pair of setae at the posterior end of the lateral projection; fourth pair of setae even with the middle of coxae III. The genito-ventral plate is drop- shaped, bearing one pair of genital setae level with coxae IV. Anal plate triangular, 123 u long and 142 u wide; anus in center of plate. The paired anal setae level with middle of anus; unpaired seta at the posterior end of anal plate. Posterior to the genito-ventral plate and anterior to the anal plate in the soft integument of the opistho- soma are four pairs of setae. In the area on each side of the anal plate are three pairs of setae and on the posterior margin are four pairs of setae. Peritremes extending from the middle of coxae IV to the middle of coxae I. Dorsum. (Fig. 1). The dorsal plate is partially divided at a level with coxae IV; eighteen pairs of setae on the anterior half of the dorsal plate, and fifteen pairs of setae on the posterior half. An exposed area of soft integument lies between the dorsal plate and the posterior-lateral margin of the body; eight pairs of setae are located in this area. Legs. (Fig. 3). Legs are rather stout. Legs I stouter than legs II, III and IV. All setae on legs are Dec. 30, 1954 new laelaptid snake mite 71 Explanation of Plate II — Ophidilaelaps farrieri n. sp. Fig. 1, Female, dorsal; Fig. 2, Female, chela; Fig. 3, Female, ventral. The Great Basin Naturalist 72 TED TIBBETTS Vol. XIV, NoS. 3-4 spine-like. Femur and genu have three or four pairs of extra long stout dorsal setae. Coxae I, II and III are each provided with a stout distally bifid spur and seta. Coxae IV each with a simple seta. Chaetotaxy of ventral side of legs as figured. Claws well de- veloped. Gnathosoma. Palps five segmented; hypostome extends to the center of palp tibia. Three pairs of setae on hypostome as figured. Chelicera (Fig. 2) with a pilus dentilis. Male-unknown. Host — Elaphe dione Pallas. Location — Aesium-Ni, Korea, 23, May, 1953. Material — Holotype female deposited in the U.S. National Museum. U.S. Nat. Mus. No. 2202. Remarks — One female Ophidilaelaps farrieri was found under a lateral scale about two inches from the head of a snake, Elaphe dione Pallas, in Korea. This mite differs from other Ophidilaelaps in that coxae I, II and III are each provided with a stout distally bifid spur and seta. Paired anal setae are lateral, not posterior to anus. The dorsal plate is divided at a level of coxae IV. This mite has been named after Lt. M. H. Farrier, a fellow Acarologist in Korea, who made the days pass faster. REFERENCES Berlese, A. 1918, Sul Liponyssus natricis (Gerv.) e su altri der- manissida die Rettili. Redia 13:55-71. Radford, C. D. 1946. Parasitic mites from snakes and rodents (Acarina: Cheyletidae, Listrophoridae and Laelaptidae). Proc. Zool. Soc. 117 (1): 228-240. Tanner, V. M., 1953, Pacific Islands Herpetologv No. VIII, Korea. The Great Basin NaturaHst. XIII (3-4) 67-73. STUDIES IN THE WEEVILS OF THE WESTERN UNITED STATES, No. VIII: Description of New Species* i' VASCO M. TANNER'S) Professor of Zoology and Entomology Brigham Young University In 1951 while critically studying the genera Bagous and Pan- deleteius, the following species did not agree with species then known. Subsequent studies of these genera, as represented in the Entomo- logical Collections of the California Academy of Sciences at San Francisco, have prompted the preparation of this paper in which four species are proposed as new to science and not previously de- scribed. While this paper was being made ready for the printer, Mr. John N. Belkin of the University of California at Los Angeles sent several specimens of what has proved to be a new species of Onychylis. A description of this species is included in this study. BAGOUS ANGUSTUS Tanner, n. sp. Black with a grayish coating over the body; prothorax narrow, tapering from the base to the apex, in width two thirds that of the base of the elytra. Elytra straight from humeral prominence to the declivity; rostrum black, longer than the length of the prothorax; scape origin near the apical third of the beak, extending back in a well developed groove to and in contact with the middle of the eye, which is large and well protected by an expanded prothoracic shield; funicle and club as long as the scape; second funicular joint longer than five succeeding ones; club larger, as long as, the seven joints of funicle; antennae and legs reddish brown; third joint of the tarsi not much expanded and not emarginate; fourth segment short with small divergent claws; prothorax finely punctate with a slight medium depression, tapering from base to apex; small fovea partially concealed by the grayish scales of the head; elytral inter- vals flat, with pale spots beyond the middle on the second and third interspaces; one posterior tubercle on the fifth interspace. Length 3.1 mm., width at base of elytra 1.4 mm. Type - a perfect unique specimen, in the author's collection. Type Locality - Newman Lake, Washington; collector M. C. 1. Contribution No. 133 from the Department of Zoology and Entomology. 2. Supported by a grant-in-aid from the National Science Foundation. 73 The Great Basin Naturalist 74 vAsco M. TANNER Vol. XIV, Nos. 3-4 Lane, July 9, 1927. Truck crop No. 1409. I have hesitated to describe this species from a single specimen, but since it is so distinct from other known species, and because I have not been successful in getting other specimens from this area, it is thought advisable to name it at this time. Angustus has the third joint of the tarsi only slightly enlarged and not emarginate; prothorax finely punctate with a medium fine channel; prothorax, at base, two-thirds the width of the elytra, tapering from base to apex which is a distinctive characteristic. Elytral intervals flat, striae shallow. Nebulosa is closely related to angustus, but differs in the shape of the prothorax; third tarsal seg- ment; deeper elytral striae and more arched intervals; declivity not so abrupt. BAGOUS DIETZI Tanner, n. sp. Elongate, slender. Black, densely covered with brownish-white scales; mottling or mixture of brown and white scales on the pro- thorax and elytra, but not in any definite pattern; small black tu- bercles show through the crust of scales on the prothorax and elytra. Striae shallow, intervals slightly convex; a white-topped callus on the fourth interspace at the declivity; beak as long as head; scape not quite reaching the eye; funicle seven jointed, first joint conical, second as long as the third and fourth; club elongate and as long as the third to seventh joints of funicle; prothorax longer than wide. Constricted in front, widest near the front, sides almost straight, one half the width of the elytra at the humeral angle; elytra with only one callus, declivity gradual. Legs red; tibia curved with prominent spine; third joint of tarsi narrow; fourth joint as long as the first, second, and third joints; terminal claws separate. Length 3 mm.; width 1.2 mm. Type Locality: Cyprus Mill, Texas. The type specimen, col- lected by Mr. Schuapp, is from the Dietz collection; a para type from the Frederick Blanchard collection is also from Texas. Both speci- mens are in my collection at the Brigham Young University. The specimen from the Dietz collection has been in my col- lection for many years as a unique. When the Blanchard specimen was received and agreed so perfectly with the Dietz one I decided to propose a name for it and place it in with the described species of this genus. Dietzi runs in my key to californicus, but is distinct in that it is a little longer and narrower in body, with prominent callus Dec. 30, 1954 weevil study no. viii 75 on the fourth interspace half way down on the declivity which is tipped with white; uniform in color without a white spot; with small black tubercles on the prothorax and elytra which show through the brownish white scale covering. Short beak and long slender fourth tarsal segment. It is more slender with straighter prothorax and elytra than in californicus and restrictus. ADDITIONAL DISTRIBUTIONAL RECORDS FOR SEVERAL SPECIES OF BAGOUS Since the publication of my paper on the Hydronomi, 1943, the following species have been received and are in my collection. I take this opportunity to report on the distribution of the following species: B. lunatus Blatch. 3 specimens, Iowa (Otto Lugger collector); 1 specimen, In- diana (H. Soltau collector). B. blatchleyi Tanner 1 specimen, Tampa, Florida (Otto Lugger collector). The type of blatchleyi was deposited in the U. S. Natural Mu- seum. This is the only other specimen of this species known to the writer. B. obliquus Lee. 1 specimen, Riley Co., Kansas (Popenoe) ; 2 specimens, Iowa City, Iowa, June 10, 1917, (L. L. Buchanan) 1 speci- men St. Augustine, Florida, (George M. Greene). B. blanchardi Blatch. 1 specimen, Michigan. B. cavifrons Lee. 2 specimens, Iowa (Otto Lugger collector). B. carinatus Blatch. 9 specimens Palo Alto, Santa Clara Co., California (H. P. Chandler, February 9, 1946). This is a widespread species as previously pointed out by me, p. 23. This is the first time, so far as I know, that it has been reported from Cali- fornia. B. chandleri Tanner 1 specimen, Elko, Nevada (Wickham). B. restrictus Lee. 1 specimen, Franklin Co., Iowa (N. J. and E. L. Sleeper collection). 1 specimen, Narrows, Oregon. The Great Basin Naturalist 76 VAsco M. TANNER Vol. XIV, Nos. 3-4 PANDELETEIUS BBYANTI Tanner, n. sp. Similar in general aspects to rotundicollis but smaller, covered with a crust of black and gray, subcircular and somewhat over- lapping scales; the gray scales well developed on head, sides of pro- notum; the two colors confined on the elytral disk; short recumbent setae inconspicuous dorsally, white ones well developed on ventral surface, and the legs; rostrum as long as the head, broadly concave, with a medium line from between the eyes. Scrobes deep, short, curved down 1 mm. in front of the eyes; antennae reddish brown, scape when extended back reaching the eye, funicle six jointed, first joint enlarged apically and twice as long as the second segment, seg- ments 3-5 moniliform, 6th segment enlarged with a greater width than length; club as long as the four distal segments of the funicle; prothorax with equal basal and apical constrictions, sides only moderately rounded, sides with a mixture of white and brown scales, disc with dark brown-blackish scales; deeply and closely punctured; elytral striae deeply punctate, intervals flat, widest at apical two- fifths, where they are less than twice the width of the prothorax; fourth and fifth intervals coalescing and elevated at the declivity; elytra extending well beyond the tip of the abdomen; femur of the prothoracic leg greatly enlarged at the middle reducing sharply on the venter at connection with the tibia; tibia slender, uniform in diameter, and with six to eight inner margin black denticles and a distal apical spur; not suddenly bent at the extreme tip; third tarsal segment greatly expanded, emarginate, and with dense whitish setae on the pads; fourth segment slender, and as long as the other three segments combined, claws large and divaricate; femora of the meso and meta thoracic legs one third the diameter of the prothoracic leg, proximal portion of femora and all the tibiae and tarsi reddish brown in color. Legs and under surface of body with well developed white setae. Black color of the body showing through the scales. Length of female 4.8 mm.; male 3.5 mm. Type Locality: Davis Mountains, Texas; collected by Owen Bryant, May 9, 1951. Elevation 6700 feet. Holotype, allotype, and three paratypes in my collection at Brigham Young University. One paratype is minus the head and one front leg while another is minus one front leg. Two paratypes in the entomological collections of the California Academy of Sciences, and two paratypes in the private collection of Mr. Owen Bryant. Dec. 30, 1954 weevil study no. viii 11 Bryanti may be distinguished from rotundicollis as follows: It is a smaller species with less concavity of the rostrum; segments 3-5 of funicle moniliform; prothorax not strongly dilated, with deep proximal punctures; prothoracic tibiae straight and with 6 to 8 denticles; fourth segment of tarsus as long as the three proceeding ones; claws divaricate; femora greatly inflated. Black color of the body showing through the scales which are fewer and less compact on the dorsal surface. No definite scale pattern as in Fall's species. The species of Pandeleteius, which have six segments in their antennae, may be separated with the following key: 1. Antennal funicle six-jointed A. Head and beak in front of eyes deeply concave; thorax strongly rounded at sides; rostrum triangularly emar- ginate and rather long; first joint of antennae about as long as the next two; second subequal in length to but not wider than the next. Two outer joints submonili- form and gradually slightly wider; anterior tibiae sud- denly a little bent at the extreme tip rotundicollis Fall. AA. Head and beak in front of eyes concave, not so deeply as in rotundicollis, joints of funicle pale, first enlarged, longer than the next two, next three joints moniliform; anterior tibiae straight, not bent at extreme tip; front tarsi enlarged, claws large and divaricate bryanti n. sp. Tanner AAA. Head and beak in front of eyes only slightly concave with median impressed line; apex slightly emarginate; joints of funicle elongate; front tarsi not enlarged, claws small and slightly divergent defectus Green ONYCHYLIS ESSIGI Tanner, n. sp. Opaque black, with a very thin gray covering which does not obscure the deep black of the body; legs, antennae and apical portion of beak reddish brown; beak as long as the head and thorax; slightly expanded beyond the origin of the antennae, which is two-thirds the distance of the beak from the eyes; scrobes bordered by a gray cover- ing of whitish scales; scape reaches the eye, funicle six segments, as long as scape, first joint conical, second longer than the third and fourth combined; club compact, setaceous and as long as third, fourth, fifth, and sixth segments combined. Prothorax as long as wide, constricted in front, and rounded on the sides; surface uniform- ly covered with contiguous punctures. Elytra one-third wider than the prothorax; humeri oblique and rounded; slightly depressed back of the humeri; striae fine, intervals only slightly rounded; entire surface with shallow, angular punctures; setae sparse; declivity regular, without callus. Legs long; tibiae curved with a well de- veloped apical spine; tarsi four segmented, third deeply emarginate; The Great Basin Naturalist 78 vAsco M. TANNER Vol. XIV, Nos. 3-4 fourth longer than the third and with two long separate claws. Length 2.4 mm., width 1.3 mm., beak 1 mm. Type Locality: Saratoga Springs in Death Valley, Inyo County, California. Collected by John N. Belkin in the spring of 1955. I am pleased to deposit the types of this species as follows: type, and three paratypes in the collection of the California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco; three paratypes in the entomological collection of the University of California at Berkeley; four paratypes in the entomolo- gical collection, College of Agriculture, University of California at Los Angeles; and five paratypes in the author's collection at Brigham Young University. A comparison of essigi with the described species of this genus - ahernans, nigrirostris, and longulus - reveals the following differ- ences: essigi is the smallest species and yet the beak is longer in proportion to its size than in any of the other species; the small punctures of the prothorax and elytra are distinctive; a lack of ele- vation of the striae; a lack of setae, as in ahernans; the lack of a crust of scales which gives the specimens a mottled color appearance in many cases; and the opaque black color of the fourteen specimens before me are distinguishing characteristics of this species. Nigri- rostris is most closely related to essigi. It is a pleasure to name this species, since it is known only from California, in honor of Dr. E. O. Essig, a distinguished entomologist who has contributed greatly to the science of entomology in the western United States through his effective teaching and authorship of several indispensible books on western insects. A NOTE TO COMMEMORATE THE ONE-HUNDREDTH ANNIVERSARY OF KOCH'S DIE PFLANZENLAUSE F. C. HOTTES Grand Junction, Colorado Since 1954 marked the one-hundredth anniversary of the pub- lication of the first Heft, and since 1957 will mark the one-hundredth anniversary of the printing of the ninth and last Heft, and the pub- lication of the work as a whole, of Koch's Die Pflanzenlause, perhaps it is fitting that we review briefly the manner in which this work was published. Furthermore I believe I have discovered something new concerning the publication of this work, and although trivial, believe it of interest. I offer it herewith, to commemorate the one- hundredth anniversary of the publication of this work which had such a profound influence on Aphid Taxonomy. I suspect that few of the younger Aphid Taxonomists are aware of the fact that Koch's Die Pflanzenlause was originally published in nine parts or Heften. Few in America, surely have access to the volume thus published. It appears to be terribly scarce even in Europe, where only a few copies appear to have been published. Even the volume printed in 1857, as a whole is rare and high priced. It is this volume which most American Aphid Taxonomists are familiar with. Its contents are the same, as that of the volume issued in parts, bound volumes of which are apt not to show evidence of interrupted publication, only the first part being indicated. Because a number of new genera and species were described in the parts as issued, it is important to know the date of publication of each Heft, so that the new forms may be associated with the date of issue, and not the date of the completed work, as is so often done. Inasmuch as Hagen, 1862, Horn and Schenkling, 1928, and Borner, 1952, are either not clear, accurate or complete in their reference to the publication of the various Heften, and because none refer to the publication of the work as a whole in 1857, a review may be of value to younger workers, despite the fact that my Old Mentor Dr. O. W. Oestlund covered much of the same material in a paper published in Entomological News in 1910. The paper, also partly obscured by time deserves to be better known. Oestlund gives the dates and pages for the Heften as follows: "Parts 1-4 issued in 1854. Heft 1, pp 1-8 and 1-36, Heft II pp 37-72, Heft III pp 73- 79 The Great Basin Naturalist 80 F. c. HOTTEs Vol. XIV, Nos. 3-4 100, Heft IV pp 101-134. Parts 5-7 were issued in 1855. Heft V pp 135-166, Heft VI pp 167-196, Heft VII pp 197-236. Parts VIII and IX were issued in 1857. Heft VIII pp 237-274, Heft IX pp 275- 336. We of this generation, because we are more apt to have access to the volume issued in 1857 as a whole, are likely to learn that the original volume was issued in nine parts on page 328 in a section written by J. H. Kaltenbach. This is also found on page 329 (if numbered) of part nine. Dr. Oestlund states that the plates issued with the Heften are superior to those issued with the volume pub- lished in 1857. I have the volume Dr. Oestlund had, before me, and one other consisting of eight parts, and the plates for the same. I agree with the observation made by Dr. Oestlund. The plates issued with the Heften are superior. The superiority lies largely in the manner in which small details of color and pulverulence are shown. The 1857 copies showing pulverulence poorely, if at all. I have seen the plates of four volumes, they, as is true of most hand colored plates, have one thing in common. They differ. This is true even for the plates issued with the Heften. Dr. Oestlund further states, "The number of copies distributed in parts was probably small and on the completion of the work in 1857 the greater part of the edition was united into one with a new title page dated Niirnberg, 1857, in which condition most of the copies now to be had are found." Evidence I shall now present, and believe to be new, contri- dicts this statement. The new title page mentioned by Dr. Oestlund differs from the title page of the volume issued as a whole in 1857 not only in style of print, and size of print but carries the name of the publisher, and the name of the printer on the reverse side. The names of the publisher and the printer are absent on the title page of the volume printed in 1857. When one is fortunate enough to be able to compare a volume issued in Heften with a volume issued complete, and I have been fortunate to be able to compare two of each, other differences be- come apparent. For example, the style of type used in the printing of the various Heften differs from the style of type used in printing the volume as a whole. Although there is a great resemblance be- tween the two styles of type, the type used in the printing of the Heften is somewhat bolder, it also differs slightly in size. Words printed in italics, such as some specific names are also in a different type in the two editions. Names of genera and species although Dec. 30, 1954 koch's die pflanzenlause 81 printed in the same style of type, are printed in different sizes. This is strikingly shown on page 275. There is a striking difference be- tween the two issues, except in part nine, where an asterisk is used. This may be noted by comparing page one of Heft one and page one of the 1857 issue. That used in the Ileften is made up of six individ- ual parts, that in the 1857 issue has the parts united by stems. Com- mas in the Heften are faint, and the tail rather thin and curved, those in the 1857 work are thicker, and have the tail less curved. Although I suspect that the work issued in 1857 was set into type from the printed pages of the Heften, the word content of given lines is not always the same. In fact the word content of a given page may differ by three or four words, or in the case of page 328 of Heft nine where this is found page 327. In no case is the word content of a given page enough to change the page of the description of a new genus or species. Some pages have line content of the two editions the same, this is well illustrated by the first two or three pages of Heft nine. The capital letter Q used in the two editions is not the same, that used on page 227 of Heft VII has the bar under the O, that used on page 227 of the 1857 edition has the bar across the 0. I found only one feature which may be viewed as a typographi- cal error. The figure 345 on page 270 of the volume printed in 1857 lacks a period after it, such is present in Heft VIII of the same page. Because the paragraph on page 328 of Heft nine is printed on the botton of page 327 of the 1857 edition, the remaining pages of text and index are not the same. Furthennore, the species and genera listed on the second and following pages of the index are not the same in the two editions. Nor has the 1857 edition the an- nouncement of books for sale on page 336 (if numbered). Therefore I think the volume issued in 1857 as a whole, should be thought of as a reprint edition, and not as an equal to the volume issued in parts. Furthermore I suspect that if we wanted to be technical we might regard the genera and species indicated as new in the 1857 volume as homonyms and synonyms of those described in the Heften. After a time lapse of a hundred years, speculation as to the reason for a complete new resetting of type for the volume issued in 1857 is rather risky. One suspects that the printer could not afford to keep such a quantity of type idle for a period of two or three years. Hence after the Heften were in print, the plates from which they were printed were reduced to type, so that the type could be reused. It is strange, however, that parts VIII and IX both The Great Basin Naturalist 82 F. c. HOTTEs Vol. XIV, Nos. 3-4 issued in 1857 should have to be reset. Perhaps there was a greater demand for the work than first contracted for, in the form of Heften, hence the reprint edition. The fact that different type was used in the printing of the two editions, first suggested to me that dif- ferent printers were involved. Dr. Hans Sachtleben, Director of the Deutsches Entomologisches Institut, has kindly supplied me with the following additional infor- mation. Their volume of Koch's work which was issued in Heften, has the covers of all except the nineth Heft bound in. The cover of the eighth Heft carries the date 1856. This Heft should therefore date from 1856 and not 1857. The genera Cladobius, Toxoptera and Pachypappa were described in this Heft, and should therefore date from 1856 and not 1857. Only the genera Toxoptera and Pachypappa are good, the name Cladobius was preoccupied. Borner, 1930 gives the date of these genera as 1856. Dr. Sachtleben sends the following information which all Aphid Taxonomists will find of interest. He states that the Museum of which he is Director has possession of many of the original drawings of Koch. SOME OBSERVATIONS ON THE ROSTRUM OF CINARA PUERCA Hottes (Aphidae) F. C. HOTTES Grand Junction, Colorado In the original description of C.puerca I mention an interesting condition of the rostrum of this species, which I have since found in several other species of the genus. It is the purpose of this note to add additional information, and again call attention to this condition, in the hope that others more qualified than I will carry on a more complete investigation. The interesting condition to which I have been unable to find a complete description in the Aphid literature in my library, may be best introduced by briefly describing the rostrum, which may also be refered to as the labium or proboscis. The rostrum in the genus Cinara consists of five segments. When the specimen is mov- ing about or not feeding, the rostrum lies against the ventral surface of the body, extending between the coxae for various lengths, de- pending upon the age of the individual and the species to which it belongs. In the feeding position in the genus Cinara the rostrum extends forward from the body. It is common for specimens of this genus to form a sort of tripod, making use of the rostrum and pro- thoracic legs when feeding. When so doing the abdomen is elevated, moved from side to side and the meso and metathoracic legs kicked about. This reaction may be a response to temperature. It is more rapid when the temperature is high, and is not indulged in under cool conditions. The proximal segment of the rostrum is pale, very thin, and flexible. In Cinara this segment appears to have an open groove along all but its most proximal dorsal region. It may be questioned if such a groove is for the reception of the stylets, for I have never seen them in it. I have not seen this groove in section, and it may not exist, if present, it is indicated by a pale line, bordered by light dusky. It is possible that what I take for a groove, is a region along the dorsum of the segment where the chitin is very thin and hence paler. If present I suspect it is for the purpose of expansion of the segment. The second segment of the labium is somewhat longer than the first, smaller in diameter, and much more thickly chiti- nized. In C. puerca and many other species of Cinara the ground 83 The Great Basin Naturalist 84 F. c. HOTTEs Vol. XIV, Nos. 3-4 color of this segment is pale, on this there are superimposed deeply pigmented areas, which vary in size and arrangement, the spots often becoming more or less confluent. The zone of junction between the first and second segments of the labium is clearly indicated, but it should be noted that the more highly chitinized lateral margins of the dorsal groove of the second segment continue within the first segment for a short distance. There appears to be a third highly chitinized rod within the second segment, perhaps in the mid ventral region of the dorsal groove. The dorsal groove extends the full length of the second segment and is open. The third segment of the rostrum is much shorter than the second, as a rule it is quite thick, and always highly chitinized, its dorsal groove is open throughout its length. The fourth segment of the rostrum is much like the third, in length, but it is narrower and tapers towards the apex, its dorsal groove is open throughout its length in C. puerca. The fifth segment of the rostrum is very short, highly chitinized and sharp pointed, its groove is inclosed. This segment has a few tactile hairs near the end. Many specimens of C. puerca and some other species of the genus Cinara show the following interesting condition of the rostrum. The second segment of the labium, which it will be recalled is spot- ted, and therefore easily noted, telescopes within the first segment. This process which may be viewed in many stages, consists of the second segment being pushed into the first. To accomplish this the apical portion of the first segment is rolled inwards, as the second segment is pushed in. Thus for a time the second segment becomes in part surrounded by a double walled tube, formed from the first segment. This process may continue until the "posterior" ends of the two segments are in the vicinity of the metathoracic coxae. When this position is reached all of the first segment and a large portion of the second segment lie within the body. The two chitinous rod-like structures proximal to the zone of junction extend beyond the pos- terior limits of the first segment, and often appear to merge at a point, the third rod being median to them. When the ends of seg- ments one and two lie in the vicinity of the metathoracic coxae, the entire surface of the first segment has been reversed. This is indicated not only by the position of the chitinous rods at the zone of junction, but by comparing the length of the extended first seg- ment, with that pushed into the body. Davidson, 1914 describes the withdrawal of the first segment of the rostrum within the body of Schizoneura lanigera, but he does Dec. 30, 1954 ROSTRUM OF CINERA PUERCA 85 not state the extent to which this takes place. I assume that it is not far. He makes no mention of the invagination of the first segment by the second. Davidson mentions protractor muscles responsible jjjimWiiiflriiiiii'ii i"t 1"^" 17 4 Fig. 1. Fig. 2. Fig. 3. Zone of junction between segment one and two Note chitmous rods which extend within segment one, these form the lateral ridges of the open trough within the second seg- ment on the dorsal side. A portion of the second segment is shown within the first The second segment in process of being pushed within the lirst. The top section of the first segment is out of focus, The Great Basin Naturalist 86 F. c. HOTTEs Vol. XIV, Nos. 3-4 hence this shows a portion of the first segment as if it were in section. Note how the first segment is "rolled" in. Fig. 4. Segment two of the rostrum has been pushed within the first segment, causing the surface of the first segment to be reversed, both segments are now within the abdomen, the first segment forming a sheath about the second, note how the citinous rods extend beyond the apex of the first seg- ment. Fig. 5. Same as figure four. In both figure four and five the top of the first segment has been made out of focus, so as to show the second segment better, both of these photos have been made through the body wall. for the withdrawing of the phoboscis within the body. I have made no dissections, hence have not seen such, I do however question if they are present. This behef is strengthened by the knowledge that the entire surface of the first segment is reversed, when the second segment lies within it. If one may hazard a guess the process may be quite simple. The specimen by means of the tactile hairs at the end of the fifth segment of the proboscis may select a suitable lo- cation for penetration, establish a firm contact, and move the body forward. In so doing cause the second segment to carry back the first. This process would also serve to embed the apical segments, within the tissue of the host, the process reversed would free the rostrum, as well as extend it. I first noted this telescoping effect in freshly killed alcoholic material of C. puerca. I have since noted it in living specimens in nature, so far as the unaided eye may be relied upon to note such a small feature. But it should be noted that the fully extended ros- trum of C. puerca exceeds the length of the body, so that a reduction in length by half or more of the rostrum should not be too difficult to note. I have observed this condition under the binocular micro- scope in two specimens which I have been rearing, but I could ob- serve only the third segment and a portion of the second. The speci- mens were feeding, and the fourth and fifth segments were embeded in the bark. This observation showed the stylets within the dorsal groove of the exposed segments, and raised the question as to their position in more proximal regions of the proboscis. Thus by partly answering a question another question is asked. Nor would I fail to ask the purpose of the telescoping. Can it be for the purpose of strengthening the first two segments, so that the fifth segment can be forced into the host tissue? Dr. D. Hille Ris Lambers has called my attention to page 14 of Tullgren, 1909, where a similar condition is described for the genus Stomophis. THE TYPE LOCALITY OF TRIODOPSIS CRAGINI CALL (PULMONATA: POLYGYRIDAE) ERNEST J. ROSCOE University of Utah and LOTTIE O. ROSCOE The geographic designations of many of the type locaUties of mollusks described from the United States prior to the early part of the 20th century are rather indefinite. During this period an author would not infrequently designate an entire state or even a group of states as the type locality. The collector of the present day is fortunate in having at his disposal accurate, detailed yet inexpen- sive maps for over 50 per cent of the area of the United States — the U. S. Geological Survey topographic sheets. The use of these maps or of numerous other types available from both Federal and State agencies affords little excuse for poorly located type localities at the present time. In some instances, however, what seemingly appears to be a fairly precisely designated locality proves on further examination to be somewhat difficult to subsequently relocate. Such a case is the subject of the present paper. Triodopsis cragini Call (1886) was described from specimens collected by F. W. Cragin along the "Banks of Chetopa Creek, Neosho County, Kansas." This stream is not named either on the Kansas State Highway Commission map of Neosho County (1940 edition) nor on the USGS topographic sheet of the area (Parson quadrangle, 1884). The accompanying map (Fig. 1), reproduced here for the benefit of those desiring to collect topotypic material, is based on one prepared by the Kansas Geological Survey (Schoewe, 1944). In an effort to more precisely relocate the type locality of T. cragini, the Thayer area was visited briefly by Robert W. Reese, Glenn R. Webb and the senior author in the fall of 1950. Specimens were obtained from the SE14 SWy4 sec. 36, T. 29 S, R. 17 E. (specimens in KU Coll.). Webb (unpublished field notes) obtained additional specimens in July 1951 from "sec. 31, about I/2 to %, mi. SSW from Thayer" (Webb Coll.), and from "sec. 12 and 7, R. 18 E, T. 30 S" (KU Coll.). This latter citation is apparently a lapsus calami for sec. 7, T. 30 S, R. 18 E, and sec. 12, T. 30 S, R. 17 E. 87 ROSCOE AND ROSCOE The Great Basin Naturalist Vol. XIV, Nos. 3-4 Chetopa THAYER Drum Fig. 1. Map of Thayer area, Neo- sho County Kansas. Circles repre- %Q sent localities from which specimens were obtained by the authors. In- sert shows location of Neosho Coun- ty. (After Kansas Geological Sur- vey) MOREHEAD Dec. 30, 1954 type locality of t. cragini 89 An extensive search by the present writers along Chetopa Creek in both Wilson and Neosho Counties in September 1952 resulted in obtaining specimens from only one locality, viz., NW14 NE14, sec. 36, T. 29 S, R. 17 E (KU Coll.). On the basis of available information no restriction of the type locality can be made at this time. We believe, however, that it lies somewhere within sections 25, 30, 31 and 36 of T. 29 S, R. 18 E. In the Thayer area T. cragini appears to favor upland situ- ations, being found under stones and around rock ledges. In the areas investigated by us, and from which these snails were obtained, the soil is quite sandy and the upland vegetation is primarily oak. It would appear that T. cragini is better adapted to the less humid environments than most of the other mid-western members of the Polygyridae. REFERENCES Call, R. Ellsworth. 1886. Notes on the land Mollusca of the Wash- burn College Biological Survey of Kansas. Bull. Washburn Coll. Lab. Nat. Hist., 1:201-206. Pilsbry, Henry A. 1940. Land Mollusca of North America (north of Mexico). Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Monogr. 3, vol 1, pt. 2, pp. 821-823. Schoewe, Walter H. 1944. Coal resources of the Kansas City group, Thayer bed in eastern Kansas. State Geol. Surv., Bull. 52, pt. 3, pp. 81-136 (map. Fig. 6). ADDITIONAL RECORDS OF HELIX ASPERSA MULLER FROM UTAH The occurrence of this snail in Utah was first reported by Knight (Nautilus, 65:75-77, January, 1952) based on specimens collected in Ogden, Utah. During the summer of 1953 H. aspersa was observed in considerable numbers at 231 D St., in Salt Lake City by Mrs. Laree Poe who kindly gave the writer a number of the living animals. Mrs. Poe informed me that the snails were found on the lawn and among violets and lilly-of-the-valley. The snails were observed by her to feed on all of these plants, but her impresion was that they were particularly 'fond' of the lilly-of-the-valley. Aestivation was noted to occur in a clump of lilacs although the snails were not observed to feed on this plant. At the time of collection, June 29, some individuals were observed in the process of laying egg masses. I kept specimens in a terrarium for three weeks subsequent to that time but no further deposition of egg masses was observed. Measurements of the shells of the specimens deposited in the Uni- versity of Utah Molluscan collection are given below. The banding pattern is typical, i.e., 1(23)45, and as in the case of the Ogden material closely resembles the figures of the California specimens given by Pilsbry (1939, Land Moll. N.A., 1, pt. 1:4, Fig. 3b.) SHELL HEIGHT mm. SHELL DIAMETER mm. ESTIMATED AGE 25.6 25.1 Sub-adult? 26.0 25.3 Adult 26.7 25.7 Sub-adult 27.3 26.2 Adult 27.9 27.7 Adult 28.2 27.1 Adult Nothing is known as to the mode of introduction nor the length of time the snails have been present at this Salt Lake City locality. Dr. Seville Flowers, after observing these specimens, informed me that he has noted the same kind of snails in his garden at 208 Douglas Ave., Salt Lake City for at least the past fifteen years. The possibility of successful colonization in Utah by this snail is important because of its ability to inflict considerable damage to home and commercial vegetable gardens. — Ernest J. Roscoe, University of Utah 90 THE SOUTHWESTERN RESEARCH STATION OF THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY The American Museum of Natural History has announced the es- tablishment of the Southwestern Research Station. It is located on the eastern slope of the Chiricahua Mountains, near Portal, Cochise County, in southeastern Arizona. The property is within the limits of the Coro- nado National Forest at an elevation of 4500 feet. The station was established for the purpose of making available research facilities for scientists and students in all branches of science, who have problems that can be investigated through the utilization of the faunal, floral and geological features of the area. It will be open during the entire year. It is operated by the American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York 24, New York and under the di- rection of Dr. Mont A. Cazier, Chairman and Curator of the Department of Insects and Spiders, to whom all inquiries should be addressed. Any- one interested in the station should write to the above individual for the booklet which gives the details of the operation and a general des- cription of the area. — Mont A. Cazier. 91 INDEX TO VOLUME XIV The new genera and species described in this volume appear in bold face type in this index. A Study of Some Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever Vectors and Their Hosts in Utah, 31 Additional Records of Helix as- persa Muller from Utah, 90 A Note to Commemorate the One- Hundredth Anniversary ot Koch's Die Pflanzenlause, 79 Bagous angustus Tanner, 73 Bagous dietzj Tanner, 74 Barnum, Andrew H., article by, 39 Cazier, Monte A. Article by 91 Cinera enigma Hottes and Knowl- ton, 11 Coffey, Marvin D., article by, 31 Cysteochila wechiiiai Drake, 5 Diconocoris distant! Drake, 4 Drake, Carl J., articles by, 1, 61 Gastroidea cyanea Melsh. (Cole- optera) Preyed upon by an Hem- ipteran Predator, 27 Host List and Distribution of Roc- ky Mountain Spotted Fever Vec- tors in Utah, 33 Hottes, F. C, articles by, 21, 79, 83 and Knowlton, G. F., article by, 11 Hydrometra fuanueana Drake, 64 Hydrometra huallaganp. Drake, 65 Index 92 Johnson, Ned K., article by, 15 Knowlton, G. F., see Hottes Leptopharsa milleri Drake, C. Leptopharsa qiiadrata Drake, 7 New Cover Design, 38 Nielsen, Gerald L., see Tanner Notes on Some Nevada Birds, 15 Onychylis essigi Tanner, 77 Ophidilaelaps farrieri Tibbetts, 70 Ophidilaelaps tanneri Tibbetts, 67 Pandeleteius bryanti Tanner, 76 Paracopium gigantos Drake, 3 Plesionema eteosa Drake, 2 Roscoe, Ernest J., articles by, 19, 90 and Roscoe, Lottie O., 87 Small Clam Attacks Young Trout, 23 Some Terrestrial Gastropods from the Deep Creek Mountains, Juab County, Utah, 19 Some observations on the Rostrum of Cinera puerca Hottes (Ap- hidae), 83 Southwestern Research Station of American Museum of Natural History, 91 Studies in the Weevils of the West- ern United States, No. VIH: De- scriptions of New Species, 73 Synonymical Data: Descriptions of New Hydrometridae (Hemip- tera), 61 Tanner, Vasco M., articles by, 23, 38, 73, and Gerald L. Nielsen, ar- ticle by, 27 The Description of the Alate Form of Lachnus montanus (Wilson), ?1 The Taxonomy of Utah Orthoptera, 39 The Type Locality of Triodopsis cragini Call (Pulmonata: Poly- ridae), 87 Tingidae: Descriptions and Syno- nymic Data (Hemiptera), 1 Tibbetts, Ted, article by, 67 Two New Species of Cinara (Aphidae), 11 Two New Laelaptid Snake Mites from Korea (Acarina: Laelap- tidae), 67 Xenotingis luzonono Drake. 8 Xenotingis papuana Drake, 9 Date of Mailing Nos. 1-2, August 16, 1954; Nos. 3-4, July 25, 1955. 92 Illllllllll! 3 2044 072 224 561