3m

HARVARD UNIVERSITY

LIBRARY

OF THE

Museum of Comparative Zoology

Volume XXVI, Nos. 1-2
September 15, 1966

The

Great Basin

nmmm

Published by
Brigham Young University

S'".;^' ■-/•C^ ^ ^ S

GREAT BASIN NATURALIST

Editor: Vasco M. Tanner, Department of Zoology and Entomology
Biighami Young tJniversity, Provo, Utah

Associate Editor: Stephen L. Wood, Department of Zoology and
Entomology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah

Members of the Editorial Board:
J. V. Beck, Bacteriology
C. Lynn Hayward, Zoology
W. Derby Laws, Agronomy
How^ARD C. Stutz, Botany

Wilmer W. Tanner, Zoology, Chairman of the Board
Stanley Welsh, Botany

Ex officio Members

RUDGER H

cultur
Ernest L. Olson;, Chairman, University Publications

RuDGER H. Walker, Dean, College of Biological and Agri-
cultural Sciences

The Great Basin Naturalist

FlBLlSHED AT PrOVO. UtAH. BY

Rrigham Young University
Volume XXVI September 15, 1966 Nos. 1-2

UNDESCRIBEU SPECIES OF NKVRCTIC TIPULIDAE
(DIPTERA) VII

Charles P. Alexander'

The new species described herewith are from California, Idaho,
and the Canadian North West territories, as discussed under the indi-
vidual descriptions. The types are preserved in my personal collec-
tion of these flies.

iipula [Pterelac/iisus) horningi, n.sp.

Size small (wing about 9 mm.); general coloration of thorax
brownish yellow, conspicuously patterned with dark brown, includ-
ing a narrow median vitta on scutum and scutellum; wings grayish
white, the outer radial field slightly darker; abdomen obscure yellow,
both the tergites and sternites with a continuous brownish-black cen-
tral stripe, lateral tergal borders with interrupted similar darkenings;
male hypopygium with apex of each tergal lobe produced into a
slender blackened spine; ninth stemite with an arcuated blackened
lobe; inner dististyle with beak slender, outer basal lobe an arcuated
horn that narrows into an acute spine.

-Male. — Length about 10 mm.; wing 9 mm.; antenna about 3 mm.

Fe.male.- — Length about 10-11 mm.; wing 8.5-9 mm.

Described from alcoholic materials. Frontal prolongation of head
light brown, nasus elongate; palpi light brown, long, from about
two-thirds to three-fourths the antennae. Antennae with three proxi-
mal segments light brown, remainder black; flagellar segments only
feebly incised, longer than the verticils; terminal segment very small,
short-oval. Head above dark-brownish gray, paler brown beneath.

Pronotum yellowish brown, scutum narrowly dark brown me-
dially. .Mesonotal praescutum brownish yellow with three blackened
stripes, the median one broad in front, narrowed behind, vaguely
divided on posterior part, not reaching the suture; lateral stripes vir-
tually continuous across suture with a major blackening on scutal
lobe; a narrow continuous black central stripe on scutum and scutel-
lum, mediotergite dark brown. Pleura chiefly pale, with major

I. .\iiiherst, Massachusetts.

The Great Basin Naturalist
2 CHARLES P. ALEXANDER Vol. XXVI, NoS. 1-2

darkened areas on anepisternum and sternopleurite. Halteres pale,
knob infuscated. Legs with coxae yellow, their bases narrowly and
vaguely darkened; trochanters yellow; femora and tibiae yellow, tips
narrowl}' dark brown; tarsi brownish black, claws simple. Wings
grayish white, clearer in the obliterative areas at cord; centers of
cells of outer radial field slightly more darkened; stigma light brown;
veins dark brown. Macrotrichia of veins relatively sparse, the ex-
treme condition including outer end of R^^r,, all outer medial veins,
and tips of Cw, and 2nd A, in some specimens the outer veins virtual-
ly glabrous.

Abdominal tergites in male obscure yellow with a narrow con-
tinuous brownish black central stripe, the lateral lines interrupted
at base and apex of each segment to produce elongate dashes; stemites
yellow, with a broad entire black central stripe; in the females the
darkened pattern narrower and paler. Male hypopygium with pos-
terior border of tergite having a deep V-shaped notch, the sides of the
emargination darkened and thickened, apex of each lobe produced
into a slender blackened spine. Ninth sternite with a small arcuated
blackened lobe, the free outer half with numerous short yellow setae.
Apex of basistyle produced into a slender arm. tip obtuse, sides with
long black setae. Outer dististyle long-oval, with conspicuous setae;
inner style with beak slender, lower beak lacking; region of outer
basal lobe produced into a hornlike structure, curved and narrowed
to an acute spine, outer surface with long yellow setae; sensory area
extended into a linear series comprised of six elements placed at base
of outer basal lobe. Phallosome with central plate depressed, on
either side at near midlength wdth a small slender recurved spine,
with a smaller median spine more distally.

Habitat. — Idaho (Butte County).

HoLOTYPE, cT, Craters of the Moon National Monument, June
30, 1965 (D. S. Horning). Allotopotype, $. with the holotype.
Paratopotypes 4 $ ?, with the types, July 3-17, 1965.

I am pleased to dedicate this species to Mr. Donald S. Horning,
Jr., who has conducted a study of the fauna and flora of the Craters
of the Moon National Monument. The most similar species include
Tipula {Pterelachisus) imbellis Alexander and T. (P.) mandan
Alexander, which differ conspicuously in all details of hypopygial
structure. All three species have the basistyle produced and with the
outer basal lobe of the inner dististyle variously modified.

Tipula (Lunatipula) mecotrich'ia. n.sp.

Belongs to the albojascia group, allied to cladacantha; general
coloration of mesonotum yellowish gray, praescutum with four
reddish-brown stripes; male hypopygium with each tergal lobe pro-
duced caudad into a slender blackened point; inner dististyle with
beak very short, base of dorsal crest with very long setae, outer basal
lobe bilobed, each lobe again divided, the posterior one into spines;
eighth sternite with each lobe densely provided with long delicate
setae and with three enlarged_spinoid bristles.

OCT 27 lybc

Sept. 15, 1966 nearctic tipulidae 3

Male. — Length about 13-13.5 mni.; wing 15.5-16.5 mm.; an-
tenna about 5-5.3 mm.

Female. — Length about 14 mm.; wing 16 mm.

Frontal prolongation of head about equal in length to the remain-
der, obscure yellow, narrowly darker above, without a nasus; palpi
black. Antennae with scape and pedicel yellow, flagellum black;
flagellar segments slightly exceeding their verticils, basal enlarge-
ments small. Head light gray, more yellowed at occiput, vertex with
a capillary dark brown median stripe; setae of vertex short.

Pronotum brownish yellow, narrowly darkened medially. Meso-
uotal praescutmii with the ground yellowish gray, clearer gray lat-
erally, disk with four reddish-brown stripes, the intermediate pair
with the broad interspace more yellowed; scutum gray, each lobe
with two reddish-brown areas; scutellum and postnotum brownish-
yellow, heavily gray pnainose, especially the latter. Pleura brownish
gray, dorsopleural region yellowed. 1 lalteres with stem yellowed,
orange at base, knob blackened, apex pale. Legs with coxae obscure
yellow; trochanters yellow; femora and tibiae obscure yellow, tips
nairowly darkened; tarsi light brown basally, passing into brownish
black; claws with a stout triangular tooth. Wings brownish-yellow,
prearcular and costal regions clearer yellow; stigma small, medium
brown; obliterative band at cord extending into base of cell A/.i;
veins brown, yellowed in the brightened fields. Venation: petiole of
cell M, variable, from subequal to about twice m; m-cu on M, just
beyond base.

Abdomen brownish yellow, tergites with three narrow brown
stripes, the lateral and posterior borders of segments narrowly gray;
sternites reddish brown; hypopygium large, subglobular, castaneous.
Ovipositor with cerci relatively short, tips slightly decurved, hypo-
valvae broad. Male hypopygium with each tergal lobe extended
caudad into a slender blackened point, the margin microscopically
roughened. Lobe of ninth stemite simple, with relatively short setae.
Inner dististyle with beak very short, low^er beak oval; setae at base
of the long compressed dorsal crest very long and conspicuous; outer
basal lobe bilobed, each lobe again divided, the anterior one with the
points triangular, the posterior lobe extended into two divaricate
slender spines. Eighth sternite with conspicuous semidetached lateral
lobes, each with three major fasciculate setae, the outer margin
fringed with abundant smaller yellow setae.

Habitat. — California (Fresno County).

HoLOTYPE, cf , Kings Canyon, along Route 180, at 10-mile Creek,
3.900 feet, Jime 1, 1963 (C. P. Alexander). Allotopotype, 9 , May
31, 1963. Paratopotypes, 4 cf cT, with types. May 31 -June 1, 1963;
occurred in dense thickets near the bridge.

Tipula (Lunatipula) mecotrichia is most closely related to T.
(L.) cladacantha Alexander and 7'. (L.) cladacanthodes Alexander,
differing conspicuously in the male hypopygium, particularly the
ninth tergite, ninth stemite, inner dististyle, with its outer basal lobe,
and the eighth stemite.

The Great Basin Naturalist
4 CHARLES P. ALEXANDER Vol. XXVI, Nos. 1-2

Dicranota {Dicranota) bernardinensis, n.sp.

General coloration gray, the praescutum with three stripes, the
broad central one blacxened; knobs of halteres infuscated; wings
whitened, the long-oval stigma brown, Sc long, vS'c, ending about op-
posite the supernumerary crossvein in cell Z?,; male hypopygium
with lateral tergal arms distinctive, appearing as a flattened blade
that splits into two long narrow appressed spines; interbase broadly
dilated at near midlength, thence extended into a long spine; apical
lobes of basistyle unequal, both with spinoid setae.

Male. — Length about 6 mm.; wing 6.2 mm.; antenna about
0.85 mm.

Rostrum dark gray, palpi black. Antennae short, black through-
out; proximal flagellar segments oval, the outer ones more slender
and elongate, terminal segment subequal to the penultimate. Head
dark gray.

Pronotum dark gray. Mesonotal praescutum gray, with three
stripes, the broad central one conspicuously blackened, not attaining
the suture, lateral stripes dull pruinose; remainder of notum and
pleura gray pruinose. Halteres whitened, the outer half of knob
infuscated. Legs with coxae brownish gray; trochanters obscure
yellow; femora and tibiae light brown, tarsi darker brown. Wings
whitened, the long-oval stigma brown, distinct; veins brown. Vena-
tion: Sc long, cSci ending nearly opposite the supernumerary cross-
vein in cell /?i; Rj+.i+i longer than basal section of /?,-,; rn-cu beyond
midlength of M.i+4.

Abdomen, including the hypopygium, brownish black. Male
hypopygium wdth the tergite large, transverse, the lateral arms dis-
tinctive, each extended into a large flattened blade that splits into
two long slender appressed points, median tergal margin broadly and
very gently convex with strong setae from conspicuous tubercles.
Basistyle with interbase very large, generally as in Dicranota (Rha-
phidolabis) subsessilis and some others, broadly dilated at near mid-
length, thence extended into a long spine; apex of basistyle bilobed,
one lobe subglobular, with very sparse spinoid setae, the second lobe
longer and more slender, elongate-oval, with more numerous spinoid
setae. Dististyle gently arcuated, at apex with several long setae.
Aedeagus not blackened.

Habitat. — California (San Bernardino County).

HoLOTYPE, cT, Thurman Flats, Mill River. 3,400 feet, May 11,
1963 (C. P. Alexander).

This is the first record of occurrence of a member of the typical
subgenus from California, the only other regional species being
Dicranota {Dicranota) parvella Alexander, of Oregon, which is quite
distinct from the present fly in hypopygial characters. The structure
of the lobes of the ninth tergite is different from that of any member
of the genus so far made known.

Sept. 15, 1966 neiarctic tipulidae 5

Limnophila {Idioptera) nearctica, n.sp.

Size large, wing of male to 10 mm.; antennae of male long,
nearly two-thirds the wing; wings pale yellow with a solidly dark-
ened brown pattern, the areas before cord broken, not forming a
continuous band as in some other species.

Male. — Length about 10-11 mm.; wing 9.5-10 mm.; antenna
about 6-6.3 mm.

Rostrum brow^nish yellow, mouthparts and palpi black. Antennae
of male very long, nearly two-thirds the wing; scape and pedicel
brown, flagellum black; segments elongate, with dense white erect
setae that are about half as long as the sparse black verticils. Mead
brow^nish gray, sparsely dusted with yellow pollen; anterior vertex
carinate.

Pronotum brownish gray, pretergites obscure yellow. Mesonotal
praescutum dark gray w-ith four obscure more blackened stripes,
centers of scutal lobes similarly darkened; posterior scutal callosities,
scutellimi and mediotergite light gray, pleurotergite more yellowed.
Pleura with mesepisternum clear gray, the remainder paler, grayish
yellow. Halteres with stem yellow, knob infuscated. Legs with coxae
and trochanters yellowed; femora yellow, tips broadly black; tibiae
yellow, bases narrowly, tips slightly more blackened; basitarsi yel-
lowed, outer segments more infuscated. Wings pale yellowy prearcu-
lar and costal fields more saturated yellow, conspicuously patterned
with brown, the areas solid, not pale brown with darker margins as
in mcclureana; disconnected dark areas at arculus, on R before mid-
distance to origin of Rs, cord, outer end of cell 1st M^, and broad
seams over origin of Rs, supernumerary crossvein in cell M and tip
of vein 2nd A, all disconnected; further brown marginal darkenings
at ends of longitudinal veins, including the narrow wing tip; veins
brownish yellow, darker in the pattern areas. Venation: petiole of
cell ."V/i longer than the cell; in holotype, the posterior end of the
crossvein in cell M is atrophied.

Abdomen brownish yellow, the tw-o subterminal segments black-
ened to form a narrow ring, hypopygium yellowed. Male hypopygi-
um with outer dististyle glabrous, gently curved to the acute tip,
inner style with erect pale setae. Cionapophysis terminating in an
acute spine, the outer margin beyond midlength with one or more
weak spinules.

Habitat. — Canadian North West territories.

Holotype, cf, Aklavik, District of Mackenzie, June 27, 1931
(Owen Bryant). Paratopotypes, cT cf , June 23-July 15, 1931.

There are six species in the subgenus Idioptera Macquart, includ-
ing besides the present fly. Limnophila {Idioptera) jasciata (Lin-
naeus, L. (I.) macropteryx Tjeder. and L. (I.) pulchella (Meigen),
of northern Europe, and L. (/.) fasciolata Osten Sacken and L. (/.)
mcclureana Alexander, of northern North America. The present fly
is the largest of the known species, being readily told from the
others by the wing pattern and by the length of the antennae. In
pulchella the females are brachypterous, the wings being less than

The Great Basin. Naturalist
6 CHARLES P. ALEXANDER Vol. XXVI, NoS. 1-2

one-fifth the size of those of the male. The female sex is unknown
in mcclureana and in the present fly.

Rhabdomastix {Sacandaga) hynesi, n.sp.

Allied to trichophora; general coloration of praescutum and scu-
tmn yellow, conspicuously patterned with light brown, the ventral
pleura more heavily darkened; antennae with scape yellow, the en-
larged pedicel black; head brownish yellow wdth a conspicuous dark
brown central stripe; wings grayish yellow, the prearcular and cos-
tal fields pale yellow; macrotrichia of outer radial veins excepting
/?r, sparse or lacking; m-cu at or near midlength of M3+4; male hy-
popygium with outer dististyle long and narrow, parallel-sided for
most of the length, terminating in a strong appressed spine; apices
of gonapophyses dilated into long narrow blades.

Male. — Length about 6.5-7 mm.; wing 6-6.5 mm.; antenna about
1.3-1.4 mm.

Described from alcoholic materials. Rostrum yellow, palpi darker.
Antennae with scape yellow, the large pedicel black, flagellum
brownish black; proximal flagellar segments short and crowded, the
remainder long-cylindrical, shorter than their longest verticils. Head
brownish yellow to brown, posterior vertex with a broad conspicuous
dark brown central stripe, extending from the low tubercle to the
occiput, narrowed behind.

Prothorax yellow. Mesonotal praescutum yellow with three con-
spicuous light brown stripes, the median one darker at anterior end;
scutum yellow, each lobe with a single light brown area that is con-
fluent with the lateral praescutal stripe; remainder of notum light
yellow, weakly darkened posteriorly. Pleura yellow with a small
V-shaped brown area between the propleura and mesepisternum and
along the suture between the anepisternum and stemopleurite; ven-
tral sternopleurite and meron conspicuously dark brown. Ilalteres
pale yellow. Legs with coxae yellow, anterior face of fore pair weak-
ly darkened; trochanters yellow; remainder of legs yellowish brown.
Wings tinged with grayish yellow, the prearcular and costal fields
pale yellow; stigma very pale brown, scarcely evident; veins light
brown, more brownish yellow in the brightened fields. Macrotrichia
of veins relatively sparse, lacking on Sc, Rs, /?o^:u4. /?,i and R^; a scat-
tered series over the entire length of distal section of /?r,; sparse
trichia at ends of outer medial veins, more extensive on Mi+2- Vena-
tion: Sc relatively long, Sci ending about opposite three-fourths Rs,
Scj faint but present. .Scj alone longer than m-cu; /?2+,i+4 subequal to
/?4; distal section of Mi^.2 arched;m-cw at near midlength of M3+4;
vein 2nd A sinuous at near midlength.

Abdomen yellow, the median area of first and second tergites
brown, succeeding segments with bases pale brown; hypopygium
yellow. Male hypopygium with outer dististyle long and narrow,
parallel-sided for most of the length, terminating in a strong ap-
pressed spine, outer margin with much smaller denticles; inner style

Sept. 15. 1966 nearctic tipulidae 7

stout, its outer end narrowed. Apex of each gonapophysis dilated
into a long narrow blade that is aoout twice as wide as the stem.

Habitat. — California (Amador and Sierra Counties).

HoLOTYPE, alcoholic d , Sierra County, without more exact data,
June 26. 1965 (C. D. llynes). Paratype, alcoholic cT, Foster Mead-
ow, Amador County, July 2. 1965.

The species is named for Dr. C. Dennis Hynes who discovered it
and many other new and rare species of crane flies. It is closely re-
lated to Rhabdomastix (Sacandaga) megacantha Alexander and R.
{S.) trichophora Alexander which are similar in general appearance
being most readily distinguished by details of coloration, venation
and vein trichiation, and in slight details of the male hypopygium.

Cheilotrichia (Empeda) aklavikensis, n.sp.

General coloration of head and abdomen yellow; thoracic prae-
scutum, scutum and pleura chiefly dark brown; femora and tibiae
yellow, the tips dark brown; wdngs relatively long and narrow, yel-
low, cell M. open by atrophy of basal section of .'Vf.,, cell 2nd A
narrow; male hypopygium v\dth outer dististyle unequally forked,
the inner arm again more shallowly emarginate, with several black-
ened spines; apex of phallosome with margin nearly truncate or very
slightly emarginate.

Male. — Length about 4 mm.; wing of holotype 4.4 x 0.8 mm.

Female. — Length about 4.5-5 mm.; wing 4.5-5 mm.

Rostrum yellowish brown, palpi dark brown, antennae with
scape yellow, remainder dark brown; flagellar segments short-oval.
Head with front and anterior vertex very pale yellow, posterior
vertex darker yellow, the central area slightly infuscated; anterior
vertex broad, eyes small.

Pronotum brownish yellow, pretergites clearer yellow. Mesonotal
praescutum chiefly dark brown with a vague obscure yellow central
vitta; scutal lobes similarly dark brown; scutellum and postnotum
obscure yellow. Propleura reddish brown; mesepistemum brown, the
posterior pleurites more brownish yellow. Halteres with stem yel-
lowed, knob brown. Legs with coxae and trochanters yellowish
brown; femora and tibiae yellow, tips narrowly dark brown; femora
chiefly dark brown, the proximal half or more of basitarsi obscure
yellow. Wings relatively long and narrow, as shown by the measure-
ments of the type; ground color yellow, the prearcular and costal
fields clearer yellow; veins pale brown, clear yellow in the bright-
ened fields. Venation: Scx ending some distance beyond origin of Rs;
the latter subequal in length to petiole of cell /?.j; vein R^ oblique;
/?4 subequal to and in direct alignment with /?h+4; cell M., open by
atrophy of basal section of M;; m-cu at fork of A/, cell 2nd A
narrow.

Abdomen of male orange yellow, including hypopygium; in
some females the abdomen much darker, ovipositor very large. Male
hypopygium with outer dististyle unequally forked, the longer outer

The Great Basin Naturalist
8 NEARCTIC TIPULIDAE Vol. XXVI, Nos. 1-2

arm a narrow blade, inner arm shallowly bifurcate, its outer branch
including a cluster of several blackened spines from a common base.
Phallosome with apex nearly truncate to very slightly emarginate,
the broad lateral arms with two or three protuberances.

Habitat.- — Canadian North West territories.

IIoLOTYPE, cf, Aklavik, District of Mackenzie, July 1, 1931
(Owen Bryant). Allotopotype, ?, July 9, 1931. Paratopotypes,
4 9?, July 1-18, 1931.

7 here are several species of the subgenus in the Pacific North-
west (Alexander, C. P., 1955, University of Michigan, Mus. Zool..
Miscell. Publ. 90:13-16, figs. 1-5, 7-10), all being dark-colored flies
with the hypopygia quite distinct. The venation of the present fly,
with cell M-. open by atrophy of basal section of vein M.j provides a
character unique in the subgenus.

TINGIDAE. NEIDIDAE (BERYTIDAE) AND PENTATOMIDAE
OF THE NEVADA TEST SITE'

D Elden Beck- and Dorald M. Allred-'

Introduction

This report is another in the continuing series of pubhcations
concerned with the resuhs of ecological observations of fauna at the
United States Atomic Energy Commission Nevada Test Site. These
reports are concerned with investigations being conducted by the
Department of Zoology and Entomology of Brigham Young Univer-
sity in cooperation with the United States Atomic Energy Commis-
sion (Allred, et al.. 1963). Most of the earlier reports refer to
studies of vertebrate organisms and ground-inhabiting invertebrates.
Some studies have been directed to parasitic arthropods. For a recent
listing of these publications refer to Allred, et al. (1966).

During the last several years emphasis has been given to collecting
arthropods from known species of plants. The principal objective is
to show the association between species of animals and plants. Al-
though main attention has been given to collections during the
flowering season, follow-up visits have also been made at other times.
We are aware of the collection of a specimen in what may be termed
an accidental visit by an animal organism to a species of plant. Such
an accidental type of relationship we have tried to differentiate by
making collections from several specimens of the plant species at
separate localities.

Collections were made mostly by insect net sweeping, vigorously
shaking the plant into the open net. picking organisms by hand from
the plant, or severely beating larger bushes or trees while a net was
held beneath the plant. Some collections were made by use of ultra-
violet and incandescent light sources in specially-designed traps.
They were so designed that individual s{)ecimens of species could be
taken separately. Such collections w-ere made in plant communities
greatly predominated by one or two plant species.

For convenience of reference, a map to our areas of study is in-
cluded (Figure 1). These subdivisions of the test site are not to be
interpreted as biotic units, but they are divisions of convenience so
a more accurate identification of a locality may be made. (See
Allred et al.. 1963. for a detailed description of biotic community
subdivisions.) The designation of the title "Host Plant Species'' in
Table I is an arbitrary term of identity on our part. Actually the
insect-plant association at the time of our collection may have been
a single visit. Nevertheless, this was the association we found when
a collection was made at a given date.

1. B.V.U.-.\.E.C. publication No. COO-1 326-3. This work was supported i in part; hy grants
ATni-l)H2() and ATC11-1)1355 from the United States Atomic Energy Commission.

2. Department of Zoolofr>' and Entomology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah.

The Great Basin Naturalist
10 D E. BECK AND D. M. ALLRED Vol. XXVI, NoS. 1-2

The classification of the Tingidae and the Neididae (Berytidae)
was done by Dr. Richard C. Froeschner. Curator. Department of
Entomology, at the U. S. National Museum. The Pentatomidae were
identified by the late Dr. Herbert Ruckes, Department of Entomol-
ogy, at the American Museum of Natural History. This latter cour-
tesy was most likely the last service he performed, for the following
week after we received his taxonomic analysis of our specimens, we
learned of his untimely death. We are indeed grateful to these men
for their help in the identifications. Instrumental in making some of
the collections were Clyde M. Pritchett and Jose M. Merino, gradu-
ate students at Brigham Young University. We were assisted in
plant classification by Dr .Janice C. Beatley. Curator of the Nevada
Test Site 1 lerbarium, and a member of the test site ecology staff
from the University of California at Los Angeles.

Results

The data are arranged in tabular form. Table I comprises the
Tingidae; Table IL the Neididae (Berytidae); and Table III. the
Pentatomidae.

Discussion
Tingidae

Corythucha mollicula was found on a variety of plant species.
Nevertheless, the greatest numbers were collected from Gutierrezia
sarothrae and G. microcephola. There seemed to ba no general
preference for the tingid Corythucha sphaeralccce. This seemed
rather unusual in that during the summer of 1965 there was a rank
growth of Sphaeralcea sp. over thousands of acres of desert land.
Only one specimen of Dictyla coloradensis was collected, yet many
Astragalus lentiginosus were sampled. Gargaphia opocuJa was the
most generally distributed tingid with reference to geography and
plant species association. If there were any plant preference, it may
have been Eurotia lanata. It also had an extended seasonal occur-
rence, being taken in January. April. May, June. July, and August
from Eurotia lanata. The only tingid which appeared to be host spe-
cific was Teleonemia nigrina. collected from Verbena bracteata.
Drake and Ruhoff (1965) listed six host-plant species, not including
sugar beets and snapdragon flowers. Eriogonum sp. and Verbena sp.
are also host plants. Checked with data from the Drake-Ruhoff cata-
logue, all tingids listed in this report are new records for Nevada.
The host-plant associations have significantly added to those already
known.

Neididae (Berytidae)

As a group, the fragile hemipteran "Stilt Bugs" were widely
distributed over the test site. The most abundant species was Jalysus
uickhami. Although found on other species of plants, there was a
preference for Eriogonum inflatum, E. deflexum, and E. nodosum.
The 1965 collections were taken when these species were in flower.

Sept. I'S. 1966 TINGIDAE AND PENTATOMIDAE 11

Proncitocantlui auuulatd showed no host-plant preference. It is in-
teresting to note, however, that specimens of this species were not
taken from any species of Eriogonum. Only three specimens of
I\'eides muticus were collected. One was from Gilia sp., and two
others from the pinyon-pine, Pinus monophylla.

Pentatomidae

For the most part those "Stink Bugs" taken before 1964 as listed
m Table III were collected in pit-fall can traps. This type of collect-
ing was done to obtain a sam|)le of organisms whose habit in part or
entirely confined them to ground surface travel and living in selected
biotic conmiunities. Such collecting would not reveal the specific
plant association by an organism. This in part explains the blani
space beneath the heading "Plant llost(s)." Subsequent to 1963 the
collections of pentatomids were directed to taking specimens from the
plants themselves. The most commonly encountered species, Chlor-
ochroa sayi, has a w^de geographic and seasonal distribution. When
data from pit-fall can traps are used plus records from plants in
flower, the seasonal distribution was February through September,
except May and July. There are not sufficient data to indicate plant
preference. One may generalize from the data at hand that this
species of stink bug is more or less a lowland-basin inhabitant at the
test site On the other hand, Thyanta rugulosa appears to be relegated
to slightly higher elevations. Atriplex canescens was the plant on
which most specimens of this species were found. Although Thyanta
paJUdovirens spinosa was generally distributed about the test site, it
did not evidence any specific plant species as a preferred host. Five
additional species of pentatomids were collected, including a possible
new species of Dendrocoris. Most collections such as Brochymena
sulcata and Bariasa euchlcra were taken only as single specimens.
Five specimens of Dendrocoris contaminatus and three of Prionosoma
podopioides were collected.

References

Allred. D. M.. D E. Beck, and C. D. Jorgensen. . 1963. Biotic communities

of the Nevada Test Site. Brigham Young Univ. Sci. Bull.. Biol. Ser., 2(2):

1-52.
. 1966. A summary of the ecological effects of nuclear testing on native

animals at the Nevada Test Site. Proc. Utah Acad. Sci.. Arts, and Letters

(in press).
Blxtley. J. C. 1965. Ecologv- of the Nevada Test Site. I. Geographic and ecologic

distributions of the vascular flora (Annotated check-list). Univ. of Calif, at

Los Angeles. School of Medicine. Dept. of Biophysics and Nuclear Medicine.
Drake. C. J. and F. A. Ruofk. 1965. Lacebugs of the world: A catalog

(Hemiptera: Tingidae). L'nited States National Museum. Bull. 243.
F"koeschner. R. C. 1942. Contributions to a synopsis of the Hemiptera of

Missouri. Pt. II. Coreidae. Aradidae, Neididae. Amer. Mid. Nat., 27(3) :591-

609.
MuNz, p. A.. AND D. D. Keck. 1959. The California flora. Univ. of Calif.

Press. Berkeley.
Tide.strom. I, 1925. Flora of Utah and Nevada. Contributions from the U. S.

Nat'l. Herbarium, Vol. 25.

12

D E. BECK AND D. M. ALLRED

The Great Basin Naturalist

Vol. XXVI, Nos. 1-2

■— ' — « 00 O ■+ (T) -^ 'M 00 '~l (^ — '^l 'O

•Ol — C<) — •^ ■^ — 00--<N'-CJiO4 „ — ^^j^ro

— ao

>-)>-)>>>■,

<

Ml bX) bJj >,

Ol C-. 'sC OC
rv)

t^ 00 >r o t^ '-C >r to (^ 00

bcticticMC bcca « ai:^ c
<<<<-'< -^ -^ < S -^

— — ^- OJ .^— ^- r*) ry^ C^) '^) C^

■ 'sC 00 <^ '-£3 -f- '■£>

.5-

s t *. S t^

^ 5 c
'. ^: 2 . S

O a '^

^

QS

•§

r^ be

(0<o x>to^<o<^to

cci ccccbcc

I— l"— 1 ■— )>— j'— )l— )<Jl— !

c^-"^ — vnooociro

00 to lo ■«*- to '-0 — <o m
CM — — _ o —

•S -S

■^ Sc

d

S S- c «

c

Q <" r ■>-

o ^-^ c

2

e

« e c

^

su ^ t.

_2

^ ? a c
c c ? o

.2

«

o

-c

c-c i: i;

k.

la.

1^ =1. "^ a

2

^

i*.c<3'T:tt:

k;

2 Q*^'= c

5

? ?:S ?

■S ^ i ~

•5-2 5-2 e Si

• 2 «

a 3.

a, tig.

a be

? S «

<0^5

<« &j <o

Sept. 15, 1966 tingidae and pentatomidae

13

a, u

O •;

00 — ir — ri —

•f- — ^ — — CM C)

d tm tmr^ >, >.. >^, c

c c c tsc ;-, ;>>n c >> t>c tn: m

(^ m <^ o) m ^O m lo ^O "o

>r) ir in

'-C to to

»n

to

in vn vn in >r

'O (O to <0 'JD

in

fS

br, be &c

<<<

<

ti£ be be be be
< <<<<

be
<

X>ao —

'^1

m ;c t^ C- c:

'>-'

—

—

•^1

^J

s 2 .2

e

3 5

C

c

5

=

-.

li
-^1

^

X

.SO 3

a

a
1

H

»*^

2

^ "be ^

^ - -2 'c ^

d

"C.e

5 c

li

5^

1"^

a a

^

O

2 bt

ii

1*

2 ~

^ be

be O tj

c

bt

O 0

bt bt

>-

bt

5 c

*~-

.Q

^l; cs

^•2

.2 '^"^

-1-2

• 2 -2

-^

.o

-«

5.2

** •*-

i; ">>

■c"e^ « ^

■^' ^

Cl >^

C . .

:i. I.

vT

k. C

^

-c <

^ ^

=ca-

=1^

Ci. :/: -^ C^ C =c

^r

O;!*]

ttik:u:

>; ^

^

<;k

k;

k^kj

^^tt:

14

The Great Basin Naturalist
D E. BECK AND D. M. ALLRED Vol. XXVI, NoS. 1-2

^^ — — .orvirf^o-^-^'^tN — — '-'MtOCNrf-'.-'--— — -^<0-»J-(N(M — fN— — 00-^

-^^ii^i^^^^^^-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

be bt 6C M be

<<<<<

§2

f^-. rv. fv. n-. o..

V. rv. r^. n-

a S «3

C-;

. ^ 2 o a.

!i. be

(3 1^ 1^ <4,

S ^ 2 >* 3 -C-C

Co »-J <>) O a. O ^

t.2

« b^ a

c S c
e c c

■5.g'S.

1-

« H «

.a

<^ <^ »N

<t, -^1 i;)

o

— C5.>~i

-S

C'r c

"a

a i: a

Co

(>5x;<^

Sept. 15, 1966 tingidae and pentatomidae 15

>, >->>■,>■, tiCbCbCMM be Ui bti ',^ -^ bL bL >. -^ tt) bo btbcbcc C bCMbCC C >■.

(O (N 30 (O lO 00 t^ ori (O t^ CM vn — 00 CSl to in O "^ (O rO (M <N 00 00 td <o »r '- •^

C/5

e

Shs-2-3 ^ ^ e?H Sactc

<0 3 -^ Oi

> £

°2 '^

<^ s

^ - t (J t^

~ 'S c i^ ^ *

^' *^' C O *< ^

-c -c 5 i; <^ <i.

16

The Great Basin Naturalist
D E. BECK AND D. M. ALLRED Vol. XXVI. Nos. 1-2

GRAPHIC SCALE, n.

LEGEND

Area Boundary

Paved Rood

OinRood-

N 650,000

Figure I. Numbered collecting areas at the Nevada Test Site. These were de-
lineated in 1965 for use of by the Brigham Young University ecology study group.

NEW SYNONYMY IN THE PLATYPODIDAE
AND SCOLYTIDAE (COLEOPTERA)'

Stephen L. Wooil'-

During the past several years I have had the opportunity to ex-
amine niunerous types of species in the famihes Platypodidae and
Scolytidae. A number of synonyms not previously published have
been discovered and several species have been found that were as-
signed to the wrong genus. On the following pages new synonymies
and new combinations are presented for American species or those
that affect the nomenclature of American species.

Platypodidae
Platypus coronatus Schedl

Platypus coronatus Schedl, 1933, Revista Ent. 3:170 (Vara Blanca, Costa Rica;

Schedl Collection).
Platypus platyurius Schedl, 1933, Revista Ent. 3:176 (Santiago, Costa Rica; Schedl

Collection). New synonymy.

The female holotype of coronatus Schedl was compared directly
to females and the male holotype of platyurius Schedl to males that
were collected in series from their tunnels at Cerro de la Muerte,
San Jose Prov.; Volcan Poas, 1 leredia Prov.; and Volcan Irazu, Car-
tago Prov., Costa Rica. The first series came from Brunnelia costari-
censis. the second from an unknow^n log, possibly Cedrus, and the
third from Alnus acuminata and Quercus sp. Because the sexes were
definitely associated it is clear that the two names designate the
same species.

Platypus equadorensis Schedl

Platypus equadorensis Schedl, 1933, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (10)12:396 (Type

label reads "Cachabe. low c, xi. 96, Rosenberg. Equador"'; British Mus. Nat.

Hist.)
Platypus manipularis Schedl, 1937, Proc. Roy. Ent. Soc. London (B)6:14 (Type

label reads "Cachabe, low c. I. 97, Rosenberg"; British Mus. Nat. Hist.).

New synonymy.

When the two male holotypes of equadorensis Schedl and mani-
pularis Schedl were compared directly, differences were not ap-
parent. The name manipularis Schedl should, therefore, be placed
in synonymy under the older name equadorensis Schedl.

Platypus pini Hopkins

Platypus pini Hopkins, 1905 (1906). Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington (Preprint) 7:71
(Chaleo. Me.xico; U.S. Nat. Mus.).

1 In part, the travel that made this study possible was supported by research grants GB-532 and
GB-3678 from the National Science Foundation.

2 Department of '/,fH)loKy and Entomology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, Scolytoidea
contribution No. 28.

17

The Great Basin Naturalist
18 STEPHEN L. WOOD Vol. XXVI, NoS. 1-2

Platypus quadridens Schedl, 1937, Ent. Blatt. 33:38 (Sierra de Durango, Mexico;
Schedl Collection). New synonymy.

The male holotype of pint Hopkins was compared to my series
from Mexico and the western United States (Wood, 1958, Gt. Basin
Nat. 18:37) and found to represent a relatively common species that
attacks the stumps and lower bole of certain species of Pinus. The
male type of quadridens Schedl was recently examined and com-
pared directly to representatives of my series and found to be identi-
cal. Schedl' s name, therefore, should be placed in synonymy under
pini Hopkins.

New locality records for this species include 60 miles west of
Durango, Durango, Mexico, and Cerro Pefia Blanca. Honduras (from
Pinus pseudostrobus) .

SCOLYTIDAE

Ancyloderes Blackman

Ancyloderes Blackman, 1938, Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington 40:205 (Cryphalus
pilosus Leconte, original designation).

Blackman's genus Ancyloderes was placed in synonymy under
the genus Conophthocranulus Schedl by Schedl in 1950 (Dusenia
1:46). Recently the type species blackmani Schedl and all species
presently included in Conophthocranulus were examined. While
Ancyloderes and Conophthocranulus are both properly placed in the
Pityophthorini they are not at all closely related. Ancyloderes is
rather closely allied to Gnathotrichus Eichhoff and Conophthocranu-
lus to Conophthorus Hopkins.

Brachyspartus Ferrari

Brachyspartus Ferrari, 1867, Die Forst- und Baumzuchtschadlichen Borkenkafer,

p. 65 {BraoHyspartus moritzi Ferrari, monobasic).
Thylurcos Schedl, 1939, Mitt. Miinchner Ent. Ges. 29:567 (Corthylus moritzi

Ferrari, original designation?). New synonymy.

When Schedl established the genus Thylurcos he evidently
overlooked the fact that one of the two species he included in it,
Brachyspartus moritzi which he had previously referred to Corthy-
lus, was the type-species of the monobasic genus Brachyspartus. It
is implied, but not clearly stated, that moritzi is also the type-species
of Thylurcos. If this is correct, then the two genera are objective
homonyms of one another. If not, then I here designate Brachyspar-
tus (or Corthylus) moritzi Ferrari as the type-species of Thylurcos
in order to remove all doubt from the identity of the genus.

The above action leaves the genus that has been known as
Brachyspartus in the literature, without a name. The following is
presented to fill this need.

Corthylocurus, n.g.

Brachyspartus: Blandford, 1904, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Coleopt. 4(6):264.

As indicated above the generic name Brachyspartus is fixed by
its type-species designation to moritzi Ferrari which is genericly

Sept. 15. 1966 platypodidae and scolytidae 19

different from most of the species that have been assigned to Brachy-
spartus. Since this genus is without a name, I propose the name
Corthylocurus for it. The new genus is characterized as follows.

Corthylocurus is allied to Corthylus Erichson and Brachyspartus
Ferrari, but is distinguished from the former by the more simple,
uniformly pubescent antennal club with a special cirrus poorly
developed and with two simple sutures; fore tibiae subinflated and
with minute tubercles on the posterior face. It is distinguished from
Brachyspartus by the two sutures of the antennal club and by the
entire elytral apex, rhe type-species of Corthylocurus is Brachy-
spartus barhatus Blandford {op. cit., p. 265).

A revision of the genus is in preparation.

Ips DeCieer

Ips DeGeer. 1775. Memoires pour servir a I'histoire des insectes 5:190 (name vali-
dated); Hopkins. 1914. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 48:124 {Dermestes typographus
Linnaeus, designated type-species).

In preparing for a revision of the Scolytidae for Genera Insec-
torum. Schedl (1964. Reichenbachia 2:218) grouped most of the
genera of the tribe Ipini into the one genus Ips DeGeer. Schedl's
action is consistent with a somewhat similar grouping by Hagedorn
(1910, Gen. Ins. 111:101) and certainly was not taken without con-
siderable study and thought. However, it is felt that a more exten-
sive and detailed study of all possible anatomical parts exhibiting
variation should be completed before such drastic grouping of wddely
recognized genera is accepted. Following such a study some of the
genera, such as Orthotomicus Ferrari, almost certainly will fall into
svnonymy. It is also felt that the genus Mimips, not mentioned by
Schedl, will occupy an important place in determining the generic
Hmits within this group. Until such a study is completed I prefer to
recognize Ips DeGeer, Orthotomicus Ferrari, Acanthotomicus Bland-
ford. Pityokteines Fuchs. and Orthotomides Wood as distinct genera.

Monarthrum Kirsch

Monarthrum Kirsch. 1866. Berliner Ent. Zeitschr. 10:213 {Monarthrum chapuisii

Kirsch, monobasic).
Cosmocorynus Ferrari. 1867, Die Forst- und Baumzuchtschadlichen Borkenkafer,

p. 62 (Cosmocorynus cristatus Ferrari, monobasic).
Ptt-rocYclon Kifhhoff. 1868, Berliner Ent. Zeitschr. 12:277 (Original description);

Hopkins. 1914. Proc. f.S. Nat. Mus. 48:128 (Pterocyclon laterale Eichhoff.

designated as the ts pespei ies ).

Recently I collected a common species of ambrosia beetle in
Mexico, from Quercus sp., that was identified as Pterocyclon laterale
from the works of Eichhoff and Blandford. Upon comparing my
males with Blandford's Biologia Centrali-Americana material of this
species, two males from Mexico, they were found to belong to the
same species. In the Schedl collection Eichhoff's species was not
named as such, but the female was represented by the unique type
of Cosmocorynus trifasciatus Schedl. After encountering this pre-

The Great Basin Naturalist

20 STEPHEN L. WOOD Vol. XXVI, Nos. 1-2

sumed synonymy involving the type-species of Monarthrum
in the male of loterale and its female Cosmocorynus trifascintus, the
type species of Cosmocorynus, cristatus Ferrari, was examined. The
species laterale and cristatus obviously are congeneric, but cristatus
appears more closely allied to the type species of Monarthrum,
chapuisi Kirsch, and to other species assigned to Monarthrum by
Eggers (1935, Revista Ent. 5:78), than to laterale.

From the above examination of all three type-species and other
species belonging to this species group, it is clear that Monarthrum
Kirsch (1866), Cosmocorynus Ferrari (1867) and Pterocyclon Eich-
hoff (1868) are synonymous. Since Monarthrum Kirsch is the sen-
ior name it should be used to designate the genus. Eichoff's (1869,
Berliner Ent. Zeitschr 8:299) contention that Monarthrum Kirsch
has no status because of an error in recording the number of funicu-
lar segments in the original description is invalid under the Interna-
tional Code of Zoological Nomenclature

Pteleobius Bedel

Acrantus Broun, 1882, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5)9:409 {Homarus mundulus
Brown, monobasic). Preoccupied.

Pteleobius Bedel. 1888, Arm. Soc. Ent. France (hors ser.) 6:392-3, 411. (Name
validated); Hopkins, 1914, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 48:128 {Bostrichus vittatus
Fabricius. designated type-species).

In a previous reference to this genus (Wood. 1962, Gt. Basin
Nat. 22:77) the possibility of synonymy between Pteleobius Bedel
and Dendrotrupes Broun was made. Since that time I have ex-
amined the types of all four of Broun's species that were referred to
his genera Acrantus and Dendrotrupes. It is now clear that my series
of Acrantus opacus were actually of Dendrotrupes costiceps; there-
fore, the genus Dendrotrupes is distinct from Pteleobius. The type-
species of Acrantus, Homarus mundulus Brown, and the type-species
of Pteleobius, Bostrichus vittatus Fabricius, however, are congeneric.
As I indicated earlier (Wood, loc. cit.), the name Acrantus is pre-
occupied and must be replaced by Pteleobius.

For new synonomy of species involved in these genera see the
alphabetical listing of species below.

Trypodendron Stephens

Trypodendron Stephens, 1830, Illustrations of British Entomology, Mandibulata
3:353 (Original description included (1) Dermestes domesticus Linnaeus and
(2) Bostrichus dispar Fabricius); Westwood, 1838, Synopsis of the Genera
of British Insects, p. 39 (Typical species: domesticum L.); Thompson, 1859,
Skandinaviens Coleoptera Synoptiskt Bearbetade 1:146 ("Typus: T. domes-
ticum Lin.")

Xyloterus Erichson, 1836, Archiv Naturgesch. 2(1):60 (Original description in-
cluded (1) Dermestes domesticus Linnaeus. (2) Bostrichus lineatus Olivier,
and (3) Bostrichus 5-lineatus Adams); Thompson. 1859. Skandinaviens
Coleoptera Synoptiskt Bearbetade 1:46 (Typus: Xyloterus lineatus Gyllenhall,
which, by Gyllenhall's citation, was Bostrichus lineatus Oliver).

Sept. 15. 1966 platypodidae and scolytidae 21

In attempting to clarify the status of Trypodendron Stephens
and Xyloterus Erichson, Schedl (1964, Reichenbachia 2:211-212)
correctly points out that Stephens' description of Trypodendron re-
fers to Bostrichus dispar Fabricius, the first species listed, and not to
Dermestes domesticus Linnaeus, the other species included in the
original description of the genus. Because the two species are now
placed in different genera Schedl concluded that Stephens' name
Trypodendron should remain with dispar and that domesticus should
l)e placed in Xyloterus which, under this interpretation, would be-
come a valid genus.

Because Schedl's interpretation, based entirely on the original
description of Trypodendron, is not consistent with the International
Code of Zoological Nomenclature, as adopted by the XV Interna-
tional Congress of Zoology, the status of Trypodendron must be re-
examined.

Under the Code the generic name Trypodendron was properly
validated, both a description and two valid species were included in
the original diagnosis. Since, under Article 42b of the Code, the
basis of a genus is objectively defined only by reference to its type-
sjiecies. the j)resently accepted concept of Trypodendron was fixed,
not by its author, but the subsequent author who designated a type-
species. West wood (1838:39) designated Dermestes domesticus Lin-
naeus as the "typical species." Since there may be some question of
the validity of Westwood's designation because of his usage of the
word "typical," it is pointed out that Thompson (1859, 1:146) also
designated domesticus Linnaeus as the type of the genus. There-
fore, the wording of the original description, which actually does not
fit dispar either, has no bearing on this problem under the present
International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. Trypodendron
Stephens remains valid and Xyloterus Erichson must be treated as a
junior synonym.

Ancyloderes pilosus (Leconte)

Cryphalus pilosus Leconte, 1868, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 2:154, 156 (Middle
California; Mus. Comp. Zool.).

Ancyloderes pilosus Blackman, 1938, Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington 40:205.

Ancyloderes saltoni Blackman, 1938, Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington 40:206. (Flag-
staff, Arizona; U.S. Nat. Mus.). New synonymy.

While the types and other specimens from the two type localities
show minor differences between pilosus (Leconte) and saltoni Black-
man, specimens from other localities exhibit intermediate characters
that make it impossible to separate the two forms. Blackman's sal-
toni, therefore, must be placed in synonymy under the older name
pilosus (Leconte).

In addition to the types and other specimens mentioned by
Blackman {op. cit., p. 206). specimens from the following localities
have been examined: Arizona: Baboquivari Mts., Oak Creek Can-
yon, and Patagonia. California: Pasadena. Durango, Mexico: 30
miles west of El Salto. All known specimens were taken at light in
oak-pine growth; the host is unknown.

The Great Basin Naturalist

22 STEPHEN L. WOOD Vol. XXVI, Nos. 1-2

Brachyspartus emarginatus (Eggers), n. comb.

Corthylus emarginatus Eggers, 1943, Mitt. Miinchner Ent. Ges. 33:380 (Bolivia;

Schedl Collection).

The female type of emarginatus Eggers exhibits antennal and
declivital characters on the elytra that indicate its relationship to
moritzi Ferrari, type-species of the genus Brachyspartus. This species
should, therefore, be transferred from Corthylus to Brachyspartus.

Corthylus flagellifer Blandford

Corthylus flagellifer Blandford, 1904, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Colept. 4(6):255 (Tox-

pam, Mexico; British Mus. Nat. Hist.).
Corthylus cirrus Schedl, 1940. An. Esc. Nac. Cienc. Biol. (Mexico) 1:351 (Xochit-

lan, Morelos, Mexico; Schedl Collection). New synonymy.
Corthylus nudiusculus Schedl, 1950, Dusenia 1:156 (Comitan, Mexico; Schedl

Collection). New synonymy.

Of Blandford's type series of ten specimens mentioned in the
original description, only seven are present at this time in the British
Museum (Natural History). Because a type has not previously been
designated from his syntypic series of flagellifer, and because more
than one species may be represented, I hereby designate the second
male, from Toxpam, Mexico, as the Lectotype. Blandford's speci-
mens are arranged in the order they were mentioned in the original
publication. Because it has been customary to regard the first speci-
men in Blandford's series as the type, it is proper to select Toxpam,
Mexico, as the type locality; however, of the two male specimens
from this locality, the first is in comparatively poor condition, and
for this reason tne second was designated as the type.

A male from my series collected at Tepic, Nayarit. was com-
pared directly to the lectotype of flagellifer and found to be identical
in all respects except size (2.9 mm. as compared to 2.7 mm. for the
lectotype). My female, taken from the same tunnel as the male,
was compared directly to the types of cirrus Schedl and nudiusculus
Schedl and found to be identical in all essential characters. Because
there is no question concerning the association of the sexes, cirrus
and nudiuscullus must be considered synonyms of flagellifer.

Cryphalomorphus expers Blandford, n. comb.

Hypothenemus expers Blandford, 1894, Trans. Ent. Soc. London, p. 85 (Kuma-
moto, Japan; British Mus. Nat. Hist.).

The type specimen of Blandford's Hypothenemus expers was ex-
amined and found to be a representative of the genus Cryphalomor-
phus.

Cryphalomorphus knabi Hopkins

Ernoporides knabi Hopkins, 1915, U.S. Dept. Agric. Kept. 99:34 (Cordoba, Mexico;

U.S. Nat. Mus.).
Ernoporides floridensis Hopkins, 1915, U.S. Dept. Agric. Kept. 99:34 (Biscayne,

Florida; U.S. Nat. Mus.). New synonymy

Sept. 15, 1966 platypodidae and scolytidae 23

llypothenernus ritchiei Sampson. 1918, Bull. Ent. Res. 8:295 (Jamaica; British

Mus. Nat. Hist.). New synonymy.
Ciyphaloniorphus caraibicus Schodl, 1951, Dusenia 2:96 (Guadeloupe; Schedl

Collection). New synonymy.
Ciyphalornoruhps sub tr tat us Sciiedl, 1952, Dusenia 3:360 (Mexico; Schedl

Collection). New synonymy.

This abundant and widely distributed species has been recog-
nized with difficuhy because of the variability in size and depth of
the elytral punctures. The examination of several hundred speci-
mens from Florida, Guatemala and I londuras, and individual speci-
mens from Mexico. Jamaica. Dominican Republic, and Guadeloupe,
however, leaves little doubt that only one species occurs throughout
the Caribbean area. The types of floridensis Hopkins, ritchiei Samp-
son, caraibicus Schedl and subtriatus Schedl were examined and
compared directly to my material, as were specimens from Hopkins'
series of knabi.

The host plants of this species include a wide variety of herba-
ceous and woody vines. Additions to the known list of hosts include
1 pornoea sp. (Guatemala) and Caloncytion tammfolium (Honduras).
Other host plants await identification.

Dendrocranulus schedli, n.n.

Dendrocranulus cucurbitae Schedl. 1939, Arb. Morph. Tax. Ent. Berlin-Dahlem
6:45 (Hamburgfarm. Costa Rica; Schedl Collection). Preoccupied.

With the transfer of Xylocleptes cucurbitae Leconte (1879, U. S.
Dept. Interior, Geol. Geograph. Surv. Bull. 5:519) to the genus
Dendrocranulus (Wood, 1961. Coleopt. Bull. 15:41), Schedl's name
cucurbitae became a junior homonym of the name used for Leconte's
species. Because no synonyms are known for this species, the new
name Schedli is proposed to replace cucurbiatae Schedl.

Dendrotrupes costiceps Broun

Dendrotrupes costiceps Broun. 1881, Manual of the New Zealand Coleoptera,

2:741 (New Zealand; British Mus. Nat. Hist.).
Dendrotrupes vestitus Broun, 1881, Manual of the New Zealand Coleoptera 2:741

(New Zealand; British Mus. Nat. Hist. {New synonymy).

The female holotype of costiceps Broun was compared directly to
the male holotype and cotype of vestitus Broun. Except for the sex-
ual differences on the frons they are identical. After examining
several dozen specimens of both sexes, it was concluded that only
one species was represented. Because Hopkins (1914) designated
costiceps as the type-species of Dendroterus, it is here given priority
over vestitus.

Gnathotrupes fimbriatus Schedl. n. comb.

Gnathotrichus fimbriatus Schedl, 1955, Rev. Chilena Ent. 4:259 (P. Arenas, Chile;

Schedl Collection).

Following a study of the type-species of the genus Gnathotrupes
Schedl and of part of the type series of firbriatus Schedl, it was ap-

The Great Basin Naturalist

24 STEPHEN L. WOOD Vol. XXVI, Nos. 1-2

parent that fimbriatus should be transferred from the genus Gnatho-
trichus to Gnat hot rapes.

Hylastes flohri (Eggers), n. comb.

Hylurgops flohri Eggers, 1930, Ent. Blatt. 26:166 (Mexico; Berlin Zool. Mus.)

The cotype of Hylurgops flohri Eggers, presently in the Schedl

Collection, was examined and found to represent the genus Hylastes.

Hylocurus hirtellus (Leconte), n. comb.

Micracis hirtellus Leconte, 1876, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. 15:369 (Southern
California: Mus. Comp. Zool.).

Presumably because the sexual dimorphism on the elytral de-
clivity is poorly developed, hirtellus LeConte has been treated in the
similar genus Micracis. Characters of the antennal club, of details of
the elytra, and of the tibiae leave little doubt concerning the true
affinities of this species. In order to make recent identification labels
of specimens consistent with published synonymy, this species must
be transferred to the genus Hylocurus.

Ips latidens LeConte

Tomicus latidens Leconte, 1874, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 5:72 (California; Mus.
Comp. Zool.).

In his placement of latidens LeConte and sabinianae Hopping in
the genus Orthotomicus, Hopping (1963, Canadian Ent. 95:6)
stressed the relationship of these species to erosus (Wolloston). How-
ever, he overlooked the fact that some relationship should have been
established between erosus and laricis Fabricius. type-species of the
genus Orthotomicus. The species group to which erosus and latidens
belong, along with a few other species groups, is intermediate be-
tween Ips and Orthotomicus with a majority of the generic chara-
ters favoring Ips. The character of the second funicular segment in
Ipini, on which Hopping really based his transfer of latidens from
Ips, is too unreliable for use in separating genera as measurements
of his own drawings clearly show.

Mimips chiriquensis (Blandford), n. comb.

Xylocleptes chiriquensis Blandford. 1898, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Coleopt. 4(6): 189
(Volcan Chiriqui, Panama; British Mus. Nat. Hist.).

Bland ford's type series consists of three syntypic specimens, all
apparently males. Although the first specimen has generally been
regarded as the type it has never been designated. In order to fix
the identity of the species, I here designate the first specimen in
Blandford's series as the Lectotype of chiriquensis.

Monarthrum bisetosum Schedl, n. comb.

BraoHyspartus bisetosus Schedl, 1954, Dusenia 5:38 (Rio Caraguata, Matto
Grosso, Brazil; Schedl Collection).

Sept. 15, 1966 platypodidae and scolytidae 25

The females in the type series of Brachyspartus bisetosus Schedl
in the Schedl collection exhibit modifications of the frons somewhat
similar to representatives of the chapuisii species group of the genus
Monarthrurn. The antennal funicle is two-segmented and the elytral
declivity is also similar to that of some Monarthrurn species. The
species bisetosus should, therefore be transferred from Brachyspartus
to the genus Monarthrurn and have the gender of the specific name
changed from masculine to neuter.

Monarthrurn exornatum (Schedl), n. comb.

Pterocyclon exornatum Schedl, 1939, Miinchner Ent. Ges. 29:575 (Colonia,

Mexico; Schedl Collection) .
Pterocyclon gracilicornum Schedl, 1939, Miinchner Ent. Ges. 29:576 (Jalapa,

Mexico; Schedl Collection). New synonymy.

The male holotypes of exornatum Schedl and gracilicornum
Schedl were compared directly to one another and to my male
specimens from Totalapan, Oaxaca, Mexico. Part of my material
is intermediate between Schedl's very similar types and makes it
necessary to place gracilicornum in synonymy under exornatum
because of page priority.

Monarthrurn laterale (Eichhoff), n. comb.

Pterocyclon laterale Eichhoff, 1868, Berliner Ent. Zeitschr. 12:278 (Mexico;

type presumed lost, Hamburg Mus.). Eichhoff, 1878, Mem. Soc. Roy. Sci.

Liege (2)8:439.
Cosmocorynus trifasciatum Schedl, 1950, Dusenia 1:173 (Mexico; Schedl Collec-
tion). New synonymy.

This distinctive species is relatively common in Quercus in
Mexico.

Representatives were independentlv identified as laterale Eichhoff
bv Rlandford (1905. Biol. Centr.-Anier., Coleopt. vol. 4. pt. 6:281)
and by myself from the two descriptions of the male by Eichhoff.
The type presumably was a unique male that was lost in the destruc-
tion of the Hamburg Museum during World War II. Under normal
circumstances the name would be set aside as unidentifiable until
a comprehensive revisional study could fix its position. However,
laterale is the type of the genus Pterocyclon Eichoff which has had
a dubious status from its beginning.

There is no mention of the number of specimens in the type
series in either of Eichhoff's descriptions. The species was not present
in the collection of Chapuis, a contemporary of Eichhoff who had
duplicates of many of Eichhoff's species, nor was it available to
Blandford for his study of Central American fauna. Because the
species is not represented in the Schedl collection, where a few
Eichhoff types now reside, and because no authentic representatives
of the species have been reported by any of the current major
authorities on Scolytidae, it is presumed the type was a imique
specimen that was lost with other Eichhoff material in the destruc-

The Great Basin. Naturalist

26 STEPHEN L. WOOD Vol. XXVI, Nos. 1-2

tion of the Hamburg Museum during World War II. Elggers ( 1 929,
Wiener Ent. Zgt. 46:51) studied the type, presumably at the Ham-
burg Museum, and correctly pointed out that Blandford's figure 18
on plate VIII does not closely resemble this species and compared
the figure to the characters of the type. Blandford's specimens con-
form to Eggers' description, but not to the figure.

In the interest of nomenclatorial stability, I propose that the
first specimen in Blandford's series of two males from Toxpam,
Mexico, presently in the British Museum (Natural History), be
designated as the Neotype of Pterocyclon laterale Eichoff, the type-
species of Pterocyclon Eichhoff. The size, color pattern, posteriorly
tapered elytra and armature of the declivity, mentioned in the
description, are sufficient to distinguish it from any other known
Mexican species. The neotype is slightly darker in color than the
original description imphes, but this could be expected in a young
adult specimen attracted to light. The neotropical genus to which
this species properly belongs, Monarthrum Kirsch, is large and ver^
poorly known in South America. Since an adequate study of this
genus is impractical in the forseeable future, it is in the interests of
nomenclatorial stabiUty that this designation of a neotype be
recognized, although there may be some question as to whether this
presentation qualifies as a "revisory work."

The males of my series of this species agree in all details with
Blandford's specimens. Some of the females agree with the unique
female type of Cosmocorynus trifasciatus Schedl. Because there is
no question of the association of the sexes, it is apparent that the two
names represent only the different sexes of the same species and,
therefore, trifasciatus should be placed in synonymy under the older
name laterale.

Monarthrum melanura Blandford, n. comb.

Pterocyclon melanura Blandford, 1904, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Coleopt. 4(6): 272
(Volcan de Chiriqui, Panama; British Mus. Nat. Hist.).

Pterocyclon opacifrons Schedl, 1935, Revista Ent. 5:350 (Coronado, Costa Rica;
Schedl Collection). New synonymy.

Blandford's unique male holotype of nialanura was compared to
my male from Tapanti, Cartago Prov., Costa Rica, and found to be
identical in all essential characters. The female, taken from the same
tunnel as my male, agrees with the imique female holotype of
Pterocyclon opacifrons Schedl. Since the sexes have now been defin-
itely associated, opacifrons must be placed in synonymy under
melanura Blandford.

Monarthrum scutellare (Leconte)

Corthylus scutellaris Leconte, 1860, Rept. Expl. Surv. R.R. Pacific 9(1):59 (San

Jose, California; Mus. Comp. Zool.).
Pterocyclon obliquecaudatum Schedl, 1935, Revista Ent. 5:351 (California; Schedl

Collection). New synonymy.

Sept. 15. 1966 platypodidae and scolytidae 27

It has long been suspected that obliquecaudatum Schedl was a
synonym of Leconte's Monarthrum scutellare, but it wasn't until
recently that my specimens were compared to Schedl's type. The
error in identification evidently occurred because an authentic
male of scutellare was not in Schedl's collection; all of his males
were under the name of obliquecaudatum without an associated
female. The name obliquecaudatum. therefore, must be placed in
synonymy under scutellare.

N eodryocoetes limbatus (Eggers), n. comb.

Pseudopityophthorus limbatus Eggers. 1930, Ent. Blatt. 26:169 (Mexico; Schedl
Collection).

The type of limbatus Eggers was examined and found to be a
representative of the genus N eodryocoetes, not the genus Pseudo-
pityophthorus in which it was originally described.

Pityokteines ornatus (Swaine), n. comb,

Orthotomicus ornatus Swaine, 1916, Canadian Ent. 48:185 (Williams, Arizona;
Canadian Nat. Coll.).

Various American species have been referred to the genus
Orthotomicus without reference to the type-species of that genus
or its allies. This occurred with ornatus Swaine, although it appears
to be more closely allied to curvidens Germar, type-species of
Pityokteines Fuchs, than does any other American species. It is,
therefore, proposed that ornatus be transferred to Pityokteines.

Phloeosinus punctatus Leconte

Phloeosinus punctatus Leconte, 1876, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. 15:381 (Oregon;

Mus. Comp. Zool.).
Phloeosinus buckhorni Blackman, 1942, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 92:432 (Portland,

Oregon; U.S. Nat. Mus.). New synonymy
Phloeosinus kaniksu Blackman, 1942, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 92:434 (Metaline

Falls, Washington; U.S. Nat. Mus.). New synonymy
Phloeosinus rusti Blackman, 1942, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 92:435 (Metaline Falls,

Washington; U.S. Nat. Mus.). New synonymy.

This is a common and somewhat variable species from California
to British Columbia. Blackman described buckhorni and kaniksu
on the basis of characters of the vestiture and of elytral sculpture,
and depth of the male frontal excavation, that distinguished them
from punctatus Leconte. The examination of several hundred speci-
mens revealed that, while many specimens of this species have
glabrous elytra, other specimens possess a moderate amount of
elytral pubescence some of which is subsquamose in the female.
When series were compared to Blackman's paratypes of both buck-
horni and kaniksu, it is apparent that his names refer only to variants
of the older name punctatus. Male and female paratypes of rusti
Blackman also fall within the normal range of variation of punctatus.
TTie minute characters on which rusti was based are not consistent,

The Great Basin Naturalist

28 STEPHEN L. WOOD Vol. XXVI, Nos. 1-2

even within the type series; therefore, rusti must be placed in
synonymy under punctatus.

Pityophthorus schwerdtfergeri (Schedl), n. comb.

Conophthorus schwerdtfergeri Sohedl, 1955, Zeitschr. Angew. Ent. 38:28 (Rancho

near Quezaltenango, Guatemala; Schedl Collection).
Pityophthorus islasi Wood, 1962, Gt. Basin Nat. 22:80 (Temascal tepee, Mexico,

Mexico; Wood Collection). New synonymy.
Conophthocranulus islasi Schedl, 1963, Ent. Arb. Mus. Frey. 14:163 (Temascal-

tepec, Mexico, Mexico; Schedl Collection) . New synonymy.

The types of schwerdtfergeri Schedl, islasi Wood and islasi Schedl
were all examined; Schedl's types were compared directly to one
another and to paratypes of islasi Wood. All represent ^e same
species; islasi Wood and islasi Schedl bear identical locality labels
and undoubtedly came from the same original series. The species,
although rather large, belongs to Blackman's group V in the genus
Pityophthorus as is clearly indicated by the male frons, the antennae
and other structures.

Poecilips adverta Blandford

Coccotrypes advena Blandford, 1894, Trans. Ent. Soc. London, p. 100 (Nagasaki,

Japan; British Mus. Nat. Hist.).
Poecilips sannio Schaufuss, 1897, Berliner Ent. Zeitschr. 42:110 (Gabun; location

of type uncertain).
Dendrurgus philippinensis Eggers, 1923. Zool. Meded. 7:145 (Mt. Makiling,

Luzon, Philippine Isl.; Schedl Collection). New synonymy.

Schedl (1963, Ent. Abh. Ber. Mus. Tierk. Dresden 28:266; 1964,
Reichenbachia 2:217) treated several synonyms of this species under
the name sannio Schaufuss. Recently the types of Coccotrypes advena
Blandford and of Dendrurgus philippinensis Eggers were examined
and compared to my specimens from the Phihppine Islands, Japan,
various Pacific islands, Africa and other areas. The type of advena
and other Japanese specimens have the declivital interstrial bristles
less strongly flattened than do most specimens from other areas;
however, they are much more similar to specimens from various
Pacific islands, the Philippine Islands, and Indonesia than they are
two cotypes of sannio and most other African specimens. Most of the
African material has the elytral bristles strongly flattened from the
elytral base to the declivity and. in addition, those on the elytral
declivity are short, scarcely more than half as long as comparable
bristles on specimens from other areas. While it is quite evident that
geographical races or subspecies may be recognizable, it appears
best to treat sannio and philippinensis as synonyms of advena until
adequate material is available from more areas in Africa.

Polygraphus rufipennis (Kirby)

Apate (Lepisomus) rufipennis Kirby, 1837. Fauna Boreali-Americana 4:193
(Lat. 65° in North America; British Mus. Nat. Hist.).

Sept. 15, 1966 pl.'ktypodidae and scolytidae 29

Polygraphus polygrapHus: Schedl, 1957, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (12)10:150
[rufipennis included as a synonjTn).

After examining numerous specimens of rufipennis Kirby from
North America and polygraphus Linnaeus from Europe and Asia,
Schedl concluded that the t\vo were synonjTnous. In my examination
of numerous specimens from Europe, eastern Russia, and numerous
localities in Alaska, Canada and the United States, consistent dif-
ferences in these forms were apparent that were not mentioned by
Schedl. It is readily apparent that the two forms are very similar.
However, when series from any European or Asiatic locality are
compared to series from any North American locality, the latter
have frontal, pronotal and elytral punctures that are consistently
larger than punctures from comparable areas on the European or
Asiatic material. Occasional specimens are difficult to separate, but
most are not.

In the genus Polygraphus, specific differences often are minute,
at times much more subtle than those refered to above. In view of
this and the large distributional areas of both forms where variation
within each form is minimal, it appears best to recognize both
polygraphus and rufipennis as valid species.

Pseudothysanoes tresmariae (Schedl), n. comb.

Hylocurus tresmariae Schedl, 1956, Pan-Pacific Ent. 32:32 (Maria Madre, Tres
Maria Isl., Mexico; California Acad. Sci.).

Specimens of tresmariae Schedl from the type series in the Schedl
collection were examined recently and found to represent the genus
Pseudothysanoes, and not Hylocurus as originally assigned.

Pteleobius mundulus (Broun)

Homarus mundulus Broun, 1881, Manual of the New Zealand Coleoptera 2:740

(New Zealand; British Mus. Nat. Hist.).
Acrantus opacus Broun, 1895, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6)15:417 (New Zealand;

British Mus. Nat. Hist.). New synonymy

The holotypes of mundulus Broun and opacus Broun were com-
pared directly to one another. The only apparent difference between
the two is size. Since most of the specimens of this species I examined
were intermediate in size between the two, although both large and
small examples were also present, the two names are considered
synonymous with mundulus having priority.

Hypothenemus {Stephanoderes) rufescens Hopkins

Stephanoderes rufescens Hopkins, 1915, U.S. Dept. Agr. Kept. 99:29 (Allegheny,

Pennsylvania; U.S. Nat. Mus.).
Hypothenemus emarginatus Schedl, 1942, Tijdschr. Ent. 85:11 (Buitenzorg, Java;

Schedl Collection). New synonymy.

Hopkins described rufescens from specimens collected from im-
ported Brazil nuts, Bertholletia excelsa, although the host plant was
not recorded in the original description. My specimens that were part

The Great Basin. Naturalist

30 STEPHEN L. WOOD Vol. XXVI, Nos. 1-2

of the original series from which Hopkins' type was selected, were
compared to specimens from the original series of emarginatus
Schedl. Since then both types have been examined and the synonymy
has been confirmed. The name rufescens has priority and should,
therefore, be used to designate this species.

Scolytus tsugae (Swaine)

Eccoptogaster tsugae Swaine, 1917, Dom. Canada Dept. Agric. Ent. Br. Tech.

Bull. 14(1 ):32 (Cherry Ck., Vernon District, B.C.; Canadian Nat. Coll.).
Eccoptogaster monticolae Swaine, 1917, Dom. Canada Dept. Agric. Ent. Br. Tech.

Bull. 14(1):32 (Arrowhead, B.C.; Canadian Nat. Coll.). New synonymy.

The types of tsugae Swaine and monticolae Swaine differ slight-
ly in the appearance of the surface of the abdominal sterna. This
surface is dull in the former and shiny in the latter type. Because
of the difficulty in obtaining adequate material from the type
localities, and because of variability in the supposedly diagnostic
character, the validity of the two forms has not been questioned.
However, both types as well as series from both type localities have
now been studied along with several other series from British
Columbia. It now appears reasonably certain that only one species
in this species complex exists in British Columbia and that monticolae
should be placed in synonymy under tsugae because of page priority.

Scolytus unispinosus Leconte

Scolytus unispinosus Leconte, 1876, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. 15:372 (Oregon;

Mus. Comp. Zool.)
Scolytus sobrinus Blackman, 1934, U.S. Dept. Agric. Tech. Bull. 431:23 (Kent,

Washington; U.S. Nat. Mus.). New synonymy.

Several hundred specimens of this species, including Blackman's
type series of sobrinus, have been examined. The charaters on which
sobrinus was based are far less conspicuous than Blackman's key and
description might suggest. It appears that the variation he described
represents only a local population that intergrades with several other
equally indistinct local populations from Oregon and Washington.
In the absence of any biological or consistent anatomical characters
to distinguish sobrinus, it should be placed in synonymy under the
older name unispinosus.

Tricolus nodifer Blandford

Tricolus nodifer Blandford, 1905, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Coleopt. 4(6):287 (Miran-

dilla, Guatemala; British Mus. Nat. Hist.).
Tricolus triarmatus Schedl, 1939, Mitt. Miinchner Ent. Ges. 29:578 (Colonia,

Mexico; Schedl Collection). New synonymy.

The types of both nodifer Blandford and triarmatus Schedl were
examined and were compared directly to my specimens from
Teziutlan, Puebla, Mexico, with which they agree in all charaters.
The name triarmatus should, therefore, be placed in synonymy
under the older name nodifer.

Sept. 15. 1966 platypodidae and scolytidae 31

Xyleborus capucinus Eichhoff

Xyleborus capucinus Eichhoff. 1868, Berliner Ent. Zeitschr. 12:281 (Guadeloupe;
evidently in Chapuis Collection, Paris Mus.).

Dryocoetoides guaternalerisis Hopkins, 1915, U.S. Dept. Agric. Kept. 99:52 (Liv-
ingston. Guatemala; U.S. Nat. Mus.). New synonymy

Xyleborus capicinoides Eggers, 1941, Arb. Morph. Tax. Ent. Berlin-Dahlem
8:104 (Guadeloupe; U.S. Nat. Mus.).

My female of guatemalensis Hopkins from Teziutlan, Puebla,
Mexico, that was compared to the female holotype was also com-
pared to Blandford's (1898 Biol. Centx.-Amer., Coleopt. 4[6]:203)
four females he had compared to the type of capucinus Eichhoff.
Since they are obviously identical, the type of Xyleborus villasulus
Blandford (op. cit., p. 204) was examined to determine its status
because Schedl (1952, Ent. Bliitt. 47-48:161) had treated guate-
rnalerisis and villosulus as synonyms. The inflated and posteriorly
tuberculate front tibiae and the characters of the elytral striae and
vestiture of capucinus are entirely different from those of villosulus.
Based on these studies, guatemalensis must be placed in synonymy
under the older name capucinus, and villosulus is a distinctly dif-
ferent species.

Apparently all specimens of capucinus in the Schedl collection
were included under the name capucinoides Eggers. Based on the
comparison of my material with a cotype of capucinoides, Eggers
species must also be treated as a synon;ym of capucinus.

Xyleborus coartatus Sampson

Xyleborus coartatus Sampson, 1921, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (9)7:32 (Trinidad;

British Mus. Nat. Hist.).
Xyleborus artecuneolus Schedl, 1939, Proc. Roy. Ent. Soc. London. 8:14 (Trinidad;

British Mus. Nat. Hist.). New synonymy.

The female holotypes of coartatus Sampson and artecuneolus
Schedl were compared directly to one another. Not only are the
types identical, but they were both collected in Trinidad by F. W.
Urich from cacao (Theobroma) in 1914. The name artecuneolus
must be placed in synon\Tny under the older name coartatus.

Xyleborus intersetosus Blandford

Xyleborus intersetosus Blandford, 1898, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Colept. 4(6):211
(Tamahu. Vera Paz, Guatemala; British Mus. Nat. Hist.).

Xyleborus analogus Schedl. 1949. Rev. Brasileira Biol. 9:277 (Mexico; Schedl
Collection). New synonymy.

The female holotypes of intersetosus Blandford and analogus
Schedl were both compared directly to my female specimen from
El I lato del Volcan, Chiriqui Prov., Panama, and were found to
be identical. The older name intersetosus has priority over analogus
and should be used to designate the species. It appears to be a relative-
ly common species from Mexico to Panama.

The Great Basin Naturalist

32 STEPHEN L. WOOD Vol. XXVI, Nos. 1-2

Xyleborus obliquus Sharp

Xyleborus obliquus Sharp, 1885, Trans. Roy. Dublin Soc. (2)3:192 (Hawaii;

British Mus. Nat. Hist.).
Xyleborus tantalus Schedl, 1941, Proc. Hawaiian Ent. Soc. 11:114 (Tantalus,

Oahu; British Mus. Nat. Hist, and Schedl Collection). New synonymy.

Sharp's type of obliquus and several specimens collected with the
type series of tantalus Schedl, including types and cotypes, were
compared directly to one another. Although some variation is
apparent it is clear that only one species is represented; consequently,
tantalus must be placed in synonymy under the older name obliquus.

Xyleborus spinulosus Blandford

Xyleborus spinulosus Blandford, 1898, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Coleopt. 4(6):201 (San
Geroninio, Guatemala; British Mus. Nat. Hist.).

Xyleborus spinosulus Schedl, 1934, Stylops 3:178 (Hawaii; F. C. Hadden Collec-
tion?).

The cotypes of spinosulus in the Schedl collection and my series
from Hawaii agree in size and all structural details with many of
my specimens of this common species from Costa Rica. The larger
type of spinulosus Schedl differs slightly from that of spinosulus,
but is identical with many other specimens from Costa Rica. The
principal differences between the two forms, as represented by the
types, are body size and the relative sizes of three pair of spines
on the elytral declivity. The length of the spinulosus form is about
2.4 mm. and the principal lateral spine near the middle of the
declivity is larger, the two lateral sabapical spines are both relatively
small. The length of the spinosulus form is about 2.0 mm. and the
lateral pair of the two subapical spines is conspicuously larger than
the other two. Within some series there is little deviation from
these forms; however, in other series taken from the same tree
branch both forms occur in any intermediate size and, in addition,
other equally distinct forms exhibiting other size arrangements of
the spines may be present. At times these new forms also occur in
uniform series. Because of the variability of the forms, these long
series clearly indicate that only one species is represented; there-
fore, spinosulus must be treated as a synonym of the older name
spinulosus.

Xyleborus vulcanus Perkins

Xyleborus truncatus Sharp, 1885, Trans. Roy. Dublin Soc. (2)3:192 (Hawaii;

British Mus. Nat. Hist.). Preoccupied.
Xyleborus vulcanus Perkins, 1900, Fauna Hawaiiensis 2:179 (Kilauea, Hawaii,

Hawaiian Isl.; British Mus. Nat. Hist.).
Xyleborus adspersus Schedl. 1958, Tijdschr. Ent. 101:152 (new name for truncatus

Sharp).
Xyleborus pacificus Nunberg, 1959, Beitr. Ent. 9:432 (new name for truncatus

Sharp) .

Several series of this species have been collected in which males
and females were definitely associated together. Females of one of

Sept. 15, 1966 platypodidae and scolytidae 33

these series were compared directly to Sharp's female type of
truncatus and found to agree in all essential characters. 1 he very
different male is not represented in Sharp's material; however, it
does agree in all details with the unique male holotype of vulcanus
Perkins when compared directly. Because Sharp's name is pre-
occupied by truncatus Erichson (1836) the name vulcanus must
be used. The more recent replacement names adspersus Schedl and
pacificus Nunberg are junior synonjTns.

Xylosandrus zimmermanni (Hopkins), n. comb.

Anisandrus zimmermanni Hopkins, 1915, U.S. Dept. Agric. Rept. 99:68 (Biscayne,

Florida; U.S. Nat. Mus).
Xyleborus biseriatus Schedl, 1963, Reichenbachia 1:226 (Nova Teutonia, Sta.

Cat.. Brazil: Schedl Collection). New synonymy.

Representatives of my series from Sebring, Florida, were com-
pared directly to the holotype of zimmermanni Hopkins and were
found to be identical in all respects. One of these female specimens
was also compared directly to Schedl's type of biseriatus and w^as
found to represent the same species. The name biseriatus must,
therefore, be treated as a synonym of the older name zimmermanni.
Allied species, including biseriatus, have correctly been placed in the
genus Xylosandrus.

In addition to published records I have collected this species at
the following localities: Tecolutla, Vera Cruz. Mexico; Rodeo and
Volcan de Agua, Esquintla Prov., Guatemala; Zamorano, Honduras;
and Pandora, Limon Prov., and Santa Ana, San Jose Prov., Costa
Rica.

UNUSUAL RECORDS OF UTAH MITES

Dorald M. Allredi

During an ecological study of the reptiles of the Great Salt Lake
Desert in 1953, thirty-five Desert Whipsnakes, six Great Basin
Gopher Snakes, nine Great Basin Rattlesnakes, several Western
Collard Lizards, and several Northern Brown-Shouldered Lizards
were examined for parasites. The lizards were collected in Dugway
Valley, and the whipsnakes, five gopher snakes, and four rattle-
snakes from a den at the south end of Cedar Mountains. One gopher
snake and five rattlesnakes were taken from the lower slopes of the
desert mountains of Dugway Valley. All collections were in Tooele
County.

The mites were mounted by Ernest J. Roscoe and determined
and/or verified by Dr. James M. Brennan, Rocky Mountain Labora-
tory, Hamilton, Montana; Dr. Charles D. Radford, Nuffield Labora-
tory, Manchester. England; and Dr. Russell W. Strandtmann, Texas
Technological College. Lubbock, Texas. Lack of keys and descrip-
tions, and damaged or immature specimens prevented identification
of some mites beyond family or genus.

In the following list the numbers of hosts infested and mites col-
lected are indicated after their names.
Western Collared Lizard {Crotaphytus collaris baileyi) 1

Acomatacarus sp., 4 larvae
Northern Brown-Shouldered Lizard

{Uta stanburiana stansburiana) 1

Acomatacarus arizonensis, 4 larvae
Desert Whipsnake {Coluber taeniatus taeniatus) 9

Acomatacarus linsdalei, 3 larvae

Ellsworthia sp., 2 nymphs, 1 male

Ornithortyssus bacoti, 1 female

Trombicula arenicola, 25 larvae

Trombicula sp. (probably arenicola), 8 larvae

Acaridae, 2 hypopus nymphs

Analgesidae, 1 specimen

Dermoglyphidae, 51 females, 24 males
Great Basin Gopher Snake {Pituophis catenifer deserticola) 2

Acomatacarus linsdalei, 6 larvae

Trombicula arenicola, 1 larva

Trombicula sp. (probably arenicola), 4 larvae

All the mites were attached except the single Ornithonyssus bacoti
taken from the hand of the collector after he handled a snake. The
Analgesidae and Dermoglyphidae are typically feather mites, and
their occurrence on snakes is most unusual. Each of eighteen female
dermoglyphids contained one egg.

1 . Department of Zoology and Entomology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah.

34

NESTS AND PREY OF TWO SPECIES OF PI IILANTI lUS

IN JACKSON HOLE, WYOMING (HYMENOPTERA,

SPIIECIDAE)

Howard E. Evans'

During the summer of 1964. I made a preliminary study of
the ecology and nesting behavior of digger wasps occurring in
restricted areas of sandy soil along the Snake River, in Jackson Hole,
Wyoming. In some of these areas, many species nested in close
proximity, for the most part exhibiting little or no interspecific
aggression or competition for prey. A notable exception was pro-
vided by several species of Philanthus, which preyed upon various
bees and wasps, many of which nested in these same sandy areas.
TTie present report is concerned with two of these species, P. pulcher
Dalla Torre and P. zebratus nitens Ranks. Both of these forms are
vNidely distributed in the western states, but neither has been studied
previously. P. pulcher has often been regarded as a subspecies of
the eastern politus Say, but I regard it as specifically distinct. On
the other hand, nitens has generally been ranked as a full species,
but G. R. Ferguson, who is currently revising Philanthus, informs
me that he regards it as a subspecies of zebratus Cresson.

Philanthus pulcher Dalla Torre

This is a very common wasp in sandy places along the Snake
River, appearing in late June or early July and remaining active
into early August. The females nest in fine-grained sand or powdery
sandy loam; in suitable spots nests may be separated by only 5-10
cm. and as many as 15-40 nests may occur per square meter. Males
mav often be observed in the nesting areas, either flying about
irregularly or resting on low herbs and grass near active nests.

The digging of the nest is very similar to that of the closely
related species politus, as described by Evans and Lin (1959).
During and more especially following digging of the burrow, the
mound of earth at the entrance is dispersed by a pattern of scraping
movements similar to that of politus. One mound measured 4X6X1
cm prior to dispersal, approximately 8 X 12 X 0.1 cm following
dispersal. The burrow enters the soil at an angle of 20-40° with the
surface, but after a few cm dips down sharply, the major part of the
burrow forming an angle of 50-70° with the surface. As is common in
Philanthus, the terminus of the burrow is expanded slightly to form
a storage place for prey; only after several prey have accumulated

I. Muspuiii of Ccmparative '/.tii>\i>ti\ . Lnmhi ttlfic Ma^s. I wish to express niv tlianks to the ihrei tor
and staff ol the Jackson Hole Biological Research Station. Moran, Wyoming, lor providing a pleasant
and effective base of operations for these studies; also to the authorities of Grand 'leton National Park
for permitting me to collect specimens for identification. I am indebted to P. H. Timberlake for identi
fying the bees and to R. .M. Bohart and K. V. Krombein for assistance with some of the wasps.

35

36

HOWARD E. EVANS

The Great Basin Naturalist

Vol. XXVI. Nos. 1-2

here is a cell prepared to hold them permanently. The storage
chamber is at a vertical depth of 4-8 cm (burrow length 8-10 cm).
The cells are constructed from the ends of short burrows which are
closed off as soon as the cell is provisioned. The 8 cells found in the
three nests studied in detail varied in depth from 5 to 10 cm; the
maximum number of cells found in one nest was five (Fig. 1).

Females often bring in prey very rapidly for short periods, then
remain within the nest for a considerable time, presumably prepar-
ing a new cell, moving the prey to the cell, and laying the egg. The
prey is carried in flight and held by the middle legs, as usual in
this genus. The nest entrance is closed from the outside while the
female is hunting and from the inside while she is inside the nest.
From 8 to 14 prey are used per cell. The egg is laid longitudinally
on the venter of one of the top prey, in the common Philanthus
manner. I observed females hunting on the flowers of Eriogonum on
several occasions. They appeared to approach the flowers from down-
wind and to strike at the prey in much the manner described by
Tinbergen (1935) for P. triangulum Fabricius.

(3

10 cm

CD

Figure 1. Nest of Philanthus pulcher Dalla Torre, note no. 1982. Moran.
Wyo., July 11. 1964.

Figure 2. Nest of P. zt^bratus nitens Banks, note no. 2032. 5 mi. south of
Elk, Wyo.. Aug. 4, 1964.

Sept. 15. 1966 nests of philanthus 37

In many cases P. pulcher females utilized as prey various wasps
and bees which nested in close proximity to them, for example,
small aphid predators of the genus Xylocelia, grasshopper predators
of the genus Tachysphex, and female Stenodynerus papagorum, a
vespid predator on caterpillars which is approximately as large as
Philanthus pulcher. Probably these were captured on flowers,
although it is possible that they were sometimes captured at the
entrances of their nests. In all. I took 87 prey from pulcher nests;
50 were bees and 37 were wasps; 17 species of wasps were repre-
sented as compared to 20 species of bees. The complete list is as
follows:

CHRYSIDIDAE (CuckoO Wasps)

Hedychridium fletcheri Bod. - ?> d d
Holopyga ventralis Say - 1 $
Omalus aerteus Fabr. - 1 9

VESPIDAE (Mason wasps)

Ancistrocerus catskill albophaleratus Sauss. -Id"
Stenodynerus papagorum Viereck - 1 9

SPHECIDAE (Digger wasps)

Belomicrus forbesi Robt. - 2 9 9 , 2 d" d"
Crabro florissantensis Rohwer -Id"
Dienoplus pictifrons Fox - 1 9 ^7 d <S
Ecteninius dives Lep. and Br. - 1 d
Mimumesa mixta Fox - 1 d
Passaloecus mandibularis Cress. - 1 9
Passaloecus sp. - 1 d
Tachysphex aethiops Cress. - 1 d
Tachysphex tarsatus Say -1 d d
Trypoxylon aldrichi Sand. - 1 cf
Xylocelia gillettei Fox - 1 d
Xylocelia sp. - 1 9 , 2 d' d"

coLLETiDAE (Colletid bees)

Colletes nigrifrons Titus - 3 d' cT
Hylaeus ellipticus Kirby - 1 9 . 4 d" d*

ANDRENiDAE (Andrenid bees)

Andrena melanochroa Ckll. - 1 9
Panurginus atriceps Cresson - 7 9 9 . 3 d' c?
Panurginus cressoniellus Ckll. - 3 d* cT

HALiCTiDAE (Sweat bees)

Dialictus (7 spp.) - 18 9 9
Halictus tripartitus Cresson - 3 9 9
Sphecodes sp. - 2 9 9

MEGACHiLiDAE (I^af-cutter bees)
Hoplitis clypeata Sladen - 1 9

The Great Basin Naturalist
38 HOWARD E. EVANS Vol. XXVI, NoS. 1-2

Hoplitis producta Cresson - 1 cf

Osmia sp. - 1 cf

Stelis lateralis Cresson -Id"

ANTHOPHORiDAE ( Anthophorid bees)
Nomada spp. - 2 cf cf

On several occasions I observed miltogrammine flies following
females carrying prey. Several specimens were collected and found
to be Senotainia trilineata (Wulp), a species known to parasitize
other species of Philanthus, as well as many other digger wasps. I
did not find fly maggots in any of the cells excavated.

Philanthus zebratus nitens (BanJcs)

This is a much larger species than pulcher and is quite unrelated
to it, often being placed in a separate subgenus. I found only one
nesting aggregation of this species, on a sandy road near the Snake
River about 5 miles south of the Elk post office. About 20-30 females
nested in coarse sandy loam in the center strip of an otherwise hard-
packed road. No males were observed. I discovered this colony on
August 4, and dug out only one nest. I returned on August 13
hoping to study the species further, but I could find none at all.

The entrances to the nests are conspicuous, since the burrow
opening is large, 7-8 cm in diameter, and the soil at the entrance is
not dispersed; the mound tends to be spread out fan-like in front
of the nole. with one or more grooves leading from the entrance.
The entrance is closed at all times when the female is away from
the nest. The burrow is much deeper and more sinuous than in
pulcher, but as in that species it terminates in a storage chamber.
The cells are constructed from side-burrows from the lower part of
the main burrow; they measure about 1 X 1.5 cm and are spaced
2-4 cm apart. There were five cells in the one nest excavated, these
cells varying in depth from 15 to 20 cm (Fig. 2). The two cells
farthest from the burrow (the deepest cell and the cell farthest
right in figure 2) contained moldy prey and a wasp larva, respective-
ly, and appear to have been the first two cells to have been con-
structed. One cell close to the burrow contained an egg laid longi-
tudianlly on the venter of a bee; another contained a small wasp
larva; and a third contained two fly maggots which had destroyed
the cell contents. These maggots soon formed their puparia,
and on May 15, 1965, two Senotainia trilineata (Wulp) emerged
from these puparia. This same species of fly was observed following
prey-laden females in the field. Phrosinella pilosifrons Allen was
also observed digging at closed nest entrances.

A total of 26 prey were recovered from this nest or from pro-
visioning females. Of these, 12 were wasps and 14 were bees. Some
of these were relatively large; for example, the Spilichneumon and
Ammophila exceed the Philanthus in length, and the Megachile
and Epeolus are quite bulky. Ammophila azteca and probably

Sept. 15. 1966 nests of philanthus 39

several of the other wasps and bees nested in the soil in the same
area. The complete list is as follows:

iCHNEUMONiD.AE (IchneuHion wasps)
Dusona sp. - 1 9
Spilichneumon spp. - 1 9 , 3 cT cT

VESPID.\E (Mason wasps)

Euodynerus castigatus Sauss. -Id"
Stenodynerus taos Cresson - 1 9

SPHECID.\E (Digger wasps)

Ammophila azteca Cameron -2 9 9

Astata nubecula Cresson - 1 9

Pa I modes car bo Boh. and Men. - 1 cf

.^NDRENiD.AE (Andrenid bees)

Andrena cyanophila Ckll. - 2 9 9
Andrena eriogoni Ckll. - 1 9

H.ALiCTiD.\E (Sweat bees)

Lasioglossum trizonatum Cresson - 1 9
Nomia sp. - 1 cf

MEGACHiLiD.AE (Leaf-cutter bees)
Hoplitis fulgida Cresson - 1 9
Megachile brevis Say - 1 cT
Osrnia tersula Ckll. - 5 9 9
Stelis rnonticola Cresson - 1 9

.•\NTHOPHORiD.'\E (Anthophorid bees)
Epeolus gabrielis Ckll. - 1 9

Discussion

The use of wasps as prey by species of Philanthus is not unusual,
but the use of w^asps in large numbers, including females of relatively
large species nesting nearby, is of considerable interest. It is also
worthy of note that both P. pulcher and P. zebratus nitens utilize
parasitic bees, including genera such as Sphecodes, Nomada, Epeolus,
and Stelis, which are rarely reported as prey of Philanthus.

It is also of interest to note that at least five species of Philanthus
are able to nest together in Jackson Hole, thus paralleling the situa-
tion in the eastern states (Evans, 1964). although all five species
are different. One of the five species in Jackson Hole, bicinctus
(Mickel), has been studied in Yellowstone (Armitage. 1965), while
another, pacificus Cresson, has been studied in California (Powell
and Chemsak, 1959). I have studied the remaining species, crabroni-
jormis Smith, only very briefly, and I shall hold on to my data in
the hope of making a more complete study in the future. Philanthus

The Great Basin Naturalist
40 HOWARD E. EVANS Vol. XXVI, NoS. 1-2

is one of the most rewarding genera of digger wasps for comparative
studies, and it is to be hoped that studies from other areas will be
forthcoming.

References

Armitage, K. 1965. Notes on the biology of Philanthus bicinctus (Hymen-

optera: Sphecidae). Jour. Kansas Ent. Soc, 38:89-100.
Ev.\Ns, H. E. 1964, Notes on the nesting behavior of Philanthus lepidus Cresson

(Hymenoptera, Sphecidae). Psyche, 71:142-149.
Evans, H. E., and C. S. Lin. 1959. Biological observations on digger wasps of

the genus Philanthus (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae). Wasmann Jour. Biol., 17:

115-132.
Powell, J. A. and J. A. Chemsak. 1959. Some biological observations on

Philanthus politus pacificus Cresson (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae). Jour. Kansas

Ent. Soc, 32:115-120.
Tinbergen. N. 1935 t)ber des Orientierung des Bienenwolfes. H. Die Biene-

jagd. Zeitschr. Verleich. Physiol., 21:699-717.

ADDITIONAL RECORDS FOR UNCOMMON BIRDS IN
SOUTHERN NEVADA

George T. Austin and W. Glen Bradley^

The following sight records by Austin extend our knowledge of
birds which are of uncommon occurrence in Clark County, Nevada.
Specimens, where noted, are deposited in the Biology Museum,
Nevada Southern University at Las Vegas.

Florida caerulea. Little Blue Heron.

Baldwin (1944:35) lists one record for Clark County, from Lake
Mead on 13 November 1943. Austin, who is familiar with this
species from field work in the southeast, has observed immature
birds at Tule Springs on 9 May (with two Snowy Egrets) and 2
September 1964 and at Henderson Slough on 20 August 1964. All
three birds showed dark primaries and the black-tipped, bluish bill.

Aythya marila. Greater Scaup.

One examined from a hunter's bag from the Virgin River near
Riverside by Gullion (1952:204) on 4 November 1951 constitutes
the only published record for Clark County. A drake was seen at
close range along with several ring-necked ducks at Tule Springs on
20 March 1964.

Gallinula chloropus. Common Gallinule.

A sight record from the southern tip of the county on 27 January
1934 is the only published record for Clark County (Linsdale, 1936:
51). A specimen (B - 106) was collected at the Las Vegas Sewage
Plant by Bradley on 13 May 1962. Sight records throughout the
year by Austin from Henderson Slough. Twin Lakes (Las Vegas),
and Tule Springs indicate that this species is an uncommon but
regular resident in the Las Vegas Valley.

Mniotilta varia. Black-and white Warbler.

We have two additional records of this accidental visitant to
southern Nevada; individual birds seen and heard at Com Creek on
8 May 1965 and 23 May 1966. Four previous records from Clark
County are from Boulder City (Monson 1950:256, Pulich and Ciul-
lion 1953:215).

Setophaga picta. Painted Redstart.

A sight record by Austin at the mouth of Eldorado Canyon on
the Colorado River on 26 April 1963 is verified by a specimen from

1. Ueparlnient of Biological Sciences, Nevada Southern University, I.as Vegas, Nevada.

41

The Great Basin Naturalist
42 GEO. T. AUSTIN & GLEN BRADLEY Vol. XXVI, NoS. 1-2

Midden Forest, Sheep Mountains on 8 June 1963 and a sight record
from the Clover Mountains in Lincoln County on 27 June 1963
(Johnson, 1965: 1 14). These are the only records for Nevada.

Spiza americana. Dickcissel.

This species has been reported twice in Clark County by Pulich
and Gullion (1953:215). Austin observed an adult male in his
backyard in Las Vegas on 24 May 1964.

References Cited

Baldwin, G. C. 1944. Uncommon birds of the Boulder Dam area, Nevada.
Condor 46: 35.

Gullion, G. W. 1952. Recent bird records from southern Nevada. Condor
54:204.

Johnson, N. K. 1965. The breeding avifauna of the Sheep Spring Ranges
in southern Nevada. Condor 67:93-124.

LiNSDALE, J. M. 1936. The birds of Nevada. Pacific Coast Avifauna 23:1-145.

MoNsoN, G. 1950. The southwest region. Audubon Field Notes 4:255-257.

Pulich, W. M. and G. W. Gullion. 1953. Black-and-white Warbler, Dick-
cissel, and Tree Sparrow in Nevada. Condor 55:215.

NOTE

MAMMALS OF THE PAUNSAGUNT PLATEAU REGION, UTAH

Collecting and observation in the Paunsagunt Plateau, upper Sevier River
valley of southern Utah, has disclosed some interesting and noteworthy mammal
records. The data herein reported were obtained from October 1960 to July 1961
while the writer was park naturalist at Bryce Canyon National Park, Utah.

The Paunsagunt Plateau, located in south-central Utah in Garfield and Kane
Counties, is oriented generally in a north-south direction and forms part of the
divide between the Great Basin and Colorado River watersheds. Elevations range
from approximately 7,500 to 9,200 feet. The upper Sevier River valley borders
the Paunsagunt Plateau on the west and is bordered on the west by the Marka-
gunt Plateau-Tushar Mountains uplands. The Sevier River flows northward for
approximately 180 miles, thence west into the Great Basin.

In the vicinity of the Paunsagunt Plateau, the lower elevations support a
mixed grass and sagebrush association which grades into pinon-juniper and/or
ponderosa pine woodland in broken topography and at higher elevations. Ponder-
osa pine woodland is the dominant type over much of the Paunsagunt Plateau
below elevations of 8,500 feet, above which it is replaced by white and douglas
firs and spruce.

In the following species accounts, nomenclature follows that of Hall and
Kelson {Mammals of North America, 2 vol. Ronald Press, New York, 1959).
All measurements are given in millinieters.

Perognathus parvus. One specimen was collected April, 1961, 0.5 mile south of
Highway 12. 4 miles west of Bryce Canyon National Park. Although it is within
the range of the species, this is the first record of its occurrence on the Paun-
sagunt Plateau.

The specimen was taken in a snap trap in open, rolling rangeland support-
ing a low growth of black-sagebrush (Artemesia nova) and herbs. Elevation is
ca. 7,800 feet. Pertinent data are: adult male; total length, 190; tail. 99; hind
foot, 25. Specimen is in the Idaho State University collection. Microtus montanus.
Durrant (Mammals of Utah, University of Kansas Publ. Mus. Nat. Hist., 6:1-549;
1952) includes this region within the range of M. m. amosus (Hall and Hay-
ward). Specimens are recorded from the Boulder Mt., Aquarius Plateau area,
Garfield County. Records for Kane County from "Steep Creek, Aquarius Plateau"
are questionable, as the Aquarius Plateau does not extend into Kane County.

Two specimens of M. montanus were taken in a sedge swale, 0.25 mile south
of Highway 12 near the Wilson Peak road. This is the first record for the species
on the Paunsagunt Plateau. Vegetation of the collection site consists of a heavy
growth of sedges and grass surrounded by open rangeland. Elevation is ca. 7,800
feet.

Our specimens are considerably smaller than measurements given by Dur-
rant (Ibid.) for M. m. amosus and are near the minima for M. m. nexus., the
latter subspecies occurring to the west of the Paunsagunt Plateau on the Marka-
gunt Plateau. Pertinent data are as follows: mab, with caudus epididimus dis-
tended. 155-54-20; female, non-gravid, 150-33-20 (no ear measurements). Speci-
mens are in the Idaho State I'niversity collection.

Sylvilagus idahoensis (Merriam). Previous records for this species in southern
L'tah have all been from west of the highlands formed by the Markagunt Plateau-
Tushar Mountains complex. Two specimens were taken and a number of indi-
viduals observed near Panguitch, Utah, in the upper Sevier River valley. June
1961. The collection site is situated on the alluvial fan between the western mar-
gin of the Sevier Plateau and the Sevier River valley, 3 miles northeast of
Panguitch. Elevation is ca. 6,800 feet.

The animals were first observed along Limekiln Creek, an ephemeral stream
which drains from the Sevier Plateau. The banks of this stream and many small
tributary gullies are lined with big-sagebrush {Artemesia tridentata) with the

43

The Great Basin Naturalist

44 Vol. XXVI, Nos. 1-2

intervening areas being covered with a low growth of black-sagebrush. Burrow-
ing seemed to be restricted to the former sites, although well-worn trails were
conspicuous through the short black-sagebrush.

Investigation of several other localities south and west of Panguitch with
similar vegetation failed to disclose additional colonies. Occurrence of the species
in this area extends the range 30-40 air-line miles east across a highland area
previously thought to be a barrier to them. However, this population may be
disjunct as the species has not been reported elsewhere in the Sevier River valley,
nor is there any indication that it occurs in the aforementiond highlands.

The specimens cited are in the Idaho State University museum. Pertinent
data are as follows: adult male, total length, 265; ear. 52; foot, 65; adult female.
276-50-72; gravid with 5 10-mm. embryos (Stephen N. Stephenson. Department
of Botany and Plant Patholog>'. Michigan State University, East Lansing,
Michigan) .

The Great Basin Naturalist

Foimded in 1939 by Vasco M. Tanner

A journal published from one to four times a year by Brigham
Young University, Provo, Utah.

Manuscripts: Only original unpublished manuscripts, pertain-
ing to the Great Basin and the Western United States in the main,
will be accepted. Manuscripts are subject to the approval of the
editor.

Illustrations: All illustrations should be made with a view to
having them appear ^vidiin the limits of the printed page. The illus-
trations that form a part of an article should accompany the manu-
script. All half-tones or zinc etchings to appear in this journal are
to be made under the supervision of the editor, and the cost of the
cuts is to be borne by the contributor.

Reprints: No reprints are furnished free of charge. A price list
for reprints and an order form is sent with the proof.

Subscriptions: The annual subsciption is $2.50, (outside the
United States $3.25). Single number, 80 cents.

All correspondence dealing with manuscripts should be addressed
to the Editor, Vasco M. Tanner, Great Basin Naturalist, Brigham
Young University, Provo, Utah. Other matters such as subscriptions,
reprints, exchanges and other business should be addressed to Ernest
L. Olson, Chairman of University Publications.

Reprints Schedule of The Great Basin Naturalist

Each
Additional

2 pp.

4 pp.

6 pp.

8 pp. 10 pp. 12 pp. 2 pp.

50 copies

$6.00

$7.00

$8.00

$9.00 $10.00 $11.00 $2.00

100 copies

7.00

8.00

9.00

10.00 11.00 12.00

200 copies

8.00

9 00

10.00

11.00 12.00 13.00

300 copies

9.00

10.00

11.00

12.00 13.00 14.00

Covers. $10.00 for first 100 copies, $4.00 for additional 100 copies.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Undescribed species of Nearctic Tipulidae (Diptera) VII.

Charles P. Alexander 1

Tingidae, Neididae, (Berytidae) and Pentatomidae of the

Nevada Test Site. D Elden Beck and Dorald M. Allred .. 9

New Synonymy in the Platypodidae and Scolytidae (Cole-

optera). Stephen L. Wood _... 17

Unusual Records of Utah Mites. Dorald M. Allred 34

Nests and Prey of Two Species of Philanthus in Jackson Hole,
"Wyoming (Hymenoptera, Sphecidae). Illustrated.
Howard K Evans — 35

Additional Records for Uncommon Birds in Southern Nevada.

George T. Austin and Glen Bradley 41

Note: Mammals of the Paunsagunt Plateau Regions, Utah.

Stephen N. Stephenson 43

The

Volume XXVI, Nos. 3-4
December 31, 1966

MUS. COMP. ZOOL.
LIBRARY

MAY 3 1 1967

MARVARD

Great BaUn

pubushed by
Brioham Youno University

GREAT BASIN NATURALIST

Editor: Vasco M. Tanner, Department of Zoology and Entomology
Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah

Associate Editor: Stephen L. Wood, Department of Zoology and
Entomology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah

Members of the Editorial Board:
J. V. Beck, Bacteriology
C. Lynn Hayward, Zoology
W. Derby Laws, Agronomy
Howard C. Stutz, Botany

WiLMER W. Tanner, Zoology, Chairman of the Board
Stanley Welsh, Botany

Ex officio Members:

RUDGER H.

culture
Ernest L. Olson, Chairman, University Publications

RuDGER H. Walker, Dean, College of Biological and Agri-
cultural Sciences

^-S- ( 6 ^ ■ ^ MUS. COMP. ZOOL.

LIBRARY

MAY 3 1 1967

f-:ARVARD

The Great Basin Naturalisi^^^'TY

Published at Provo, Utah by
Brigham Young University

Volume XXVI December 31, 1966 No. 3-4

NEW RECORDS AND SPECIES OF NEOTROPICAL
PLATYPODIDAE (COLEOPTERA)^

Stephen L. Wood-
In order to make the names available for other work, 23 species
of Platypodidae from Central America and British Guiana are de-
scribed as new to science on the following pages. These species rep-
resent the genera Tesserocerus (1), Cenocephalus (1), Neotrachy-
ostus (1), and Platypus (20). In addition to these new species,
Mecopelmus zeteki Blackman is added to the family and a new
tribe is designated for it; notes on its biology are also included. The
known distribution of Platypus longulus Chapuis is extended, and
the male of Platypus otiosus Schedl is described for the first time.

Mecopelmus zeteki Blackman
Mecopelmus zeteki Blackman. 1944, Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington 46:76-89.

When Blackman described the genus Mecopelmus. he discussed
its affinities without assigning it definitely to a family group cate-
gory. Additional material of this curious species is now available, as
well as fragmental biological data on this and related genera, sug-
gesting that Mecopelmus should be included in the Platypodidae
and assigned to a new monobasic tribe, here designated as Meco-
pelmini. in the subfamily Coptonotinae.

On December 22. 1963, a long series of this species was collected
from a cut woody vine (liana), Serjania sp., along a trail in sec-
ondary forest growth at Fort Clayton in the Panama Canal Zone.
The beetles were strictly monogamous. Both adults and larvae
mined the cambium region; there was no indication of fungal
growth in more than 100 tunnels examined.

The host material was from about one-half to two centimeters in
diameter. Entrance holes generally were in exposed areas; there
was no consistent attempt by the beetles to conceal. the entrance in
a crevice, under a piece of bark, etc. When beetles were present in
the tunnel, the entrance hole was blocked either by the brown frass

1. Part of l)ie field work thai led to the preparation of tliis article was made jxjssible by a grant
from the National Science Foundation, Number GB-5J2.

2 Department of Zoology and Entomology, Brigham Youiig University, Provo, Utah. Scolytoi-
dea ('onlribution .No. 29.

45

The Great Basin Natxiralist

46 STEPHEN L. WOOD Vol. XXVI, Nos. 3-4

or by the posterior end of a beetle. The entrance tunnel extended
through the thin bark to a simple, nuptial cavity that engraved the
wood slightly. This irregular cavity varied from about 1-3 mm.
(rarely as much as 5 mm.) in width and about 10 mm. (rarely as
much as 23 mm.) in length. Its long axis was almost always paral-
lel to the grain of the wood. As many as 40 eggs were scattered in-
discriminately in the cavity. In a few tunnels one end of the cavity
was filled by frass, but in these areas eggs were never present.
Larvae were not present in the tunnels, except for a few in the first
instar. Some old abandoned tunnels were available, however, that
contained fully completed larval excavations in the cambiiom region.
The larvae fed communally in the one or two irregular cavities ex-
tending with the grain of the wood from the parental chamber.
These increased gradually in width to a maximum of about 5 mm.
and rarely exceeded 20 mm. in length. Only one to three exit holes
were observed from each larval tunnel.

Tesserocerus forceps, n. sp.
Figs. 1-2

Allied to chapuisii Schedl, but readily distinguished in the male
by the gradually tapered process at the base of declivital interspace
1, not angled at apex, by having only two denticles between the
process on declivital interspace 1 and the lateral terminal process,
these at base of declivity on interspaces 3 and 5, by the longer, more
slender lateral terminal processes, and by the divaricate sutural apex
of the elytra, with the apical sutural angles extended (not divaricate
and with these angles almost 90 degrees in chapuisii).

Male. — Length 7.3 mm., 2.6 times as long as wide; thorax and
ventral areas yellowish-brown, head and posterior third of elytra
moderately dark brown, the color gradually becoming lighter to-
ward base of elytra.

Frons weakly convex above, irregularly flattened below, with a
weak, median impression at lower level of eyes; surface rather dull,
longitudinally substrigose, with rather fine, sparse, shallow punc-
tures; vestiture sparse, inconspicuous.

Pronotum almost rectangular, very slightly wider posteriorly,
1.3 times as long as wide; surface almost smooth except where the
scattered setae insert and in porous area on basal fifth.

Elytra 1.5 times as long as wide; striae distinctly impressed, the
punctures small, sharply outlined, shallow; interspaces without
regular punctures, but with irregularly placed, minute points, 2
widened basally, the minute points subasperate near base. Declivity
oblique, moderately steep; base of declivity armed on interspace 1
by a large, tapered process diverging slightly from suture, its
length from tip to its lateral base 70 percent of length of lateral
terminal process; interspaces 2, 4, and 6 unarmed, 3 and 5 each
with a small denticle, apex of 7 transversely cariniform and extend-
ing to base of lateral process; lateral terminal process long, rather
slender, moderately converging, dorsal edge with one very small

Dec. 31, 1966 new neotropical platypodidae

47

tubercle about midway between carina of 7 and apex; sutural apex
divaricate, the apical sutural angles moderately extended posteriorly;
declivity face subshining, with four narrow longitudinal elevations
evidently indicating positions of interstriae, the lateral impressed
areas between them with large, obscure punctures indicated.

Fem.\le. — Length 7.0 mm.; similar to male except frontal im-
pression absent; punctured area of pronotum covering basal third;
base of elytral interspace 2 more coarsely asperate; sculpturing of
elytral declivity similar, but all processes not more than half as
large.

Type Locality, — Pandora, Limon Prov., Costa Rica.

Type Material. — The male holotype and female allotype were
taken at the type locality on August 23, 1963, by S. L. Wood. They
were taken in flight as they hovered above a large, unidentifiable
log.

The holotype and allotype are in my collection.

Cenocephalus epistomalis, n. sp.
Fig. 3

This species evidently is more closely related to pulchellus
Schedl than to other described species, but the relationship does
not apj>ear to be close. The female differs from pulchellus by the
greatly reduced, specialized frontal setae that arise near the bases
of the antennae, by the very unusual punctation of the epistomal

I. T forceps rf 2 T forceps q

5. C. epistomalis

Figs. 1-6. 1, male, and 2, female of Tesserocerus forceps; 3, head of female
Cenocephalus epistomalis; 4, dorsal aspect of male declivity of N eotrachyostus
obliquus; 5, dorsal aspect and 6, caudal aspect of male Platypus abditulus.

The Great Basin Naturalist

48 STEPHEN L. WOOD Vol. XXVI, Nos. 3-4

region, and by the finer sculpture of the elytral disc and declivity.
A male of pulchellus was not at hand for study.

Female. — Length 2.6 nun., 3.4 times as long as wide; color
light brown, the head and declivity darker.

Frons broadly concave from eye to eye from just above epistoma
to vertex, more strongly impressed medially from vertex to center
of concavity; margin between epistoma and concavity appearing
abrupt from eye to eye; the concavity reticulate and bearing above
and below a few rather small setiferous punctures; epistomal area
about equal to width of scape and extending from one antennal
base to the other, flattened, very closely, rather deeply and finely
punctured, the punctures decreasing in size toward concavity, ar-
ranged in about three confused ranks; frontal margin adjacent to
antennal base bearing about 4-6 long, in-curved, hairlike setae, the
two upper ones rather coarse (but less so than in pulchellus); vesti-
ture very fine in concavity, coarser toward vertex, long and rather
conspicuous but not abundant.

Pronotum 1.2 times as long as wide; sides of basal third parallel
then expanded slightly to widest point just in front of middle, then
narrowed slightly to anterior angles; anterior margin almost
straight; surface reticulate, regularly punctured, the punctures
small, round, rather deep; area of glandular pores entirely absent.

Elytra twice as long as wide; striae and interstriae indicated
below the transparent surface layer, but on surface punctures
scarcely impressed, the punctures appearing moderately large or
small depending upon angle at which light reflects; base of inter-
space 3 with about 6 small, short, transverse crenulations. Declivity
rather abrupt, very steep, broadly, moderately convex; striae strong-
ly impressed from just before base to a point on declivity not more
than one-fourth the distance from top, the punctures at most very
obscurely indicated; interstriae moderately convex above, very
finely granulate, 3 longer than others, extending almost to middle
of declivity, 7 a little more coarsely serrate and continuing as later-
al margin to outer apical angle (serrations much finer than in
pulchellus) ; apical margin between obtuse lateral angles straight,
much wider than in pulchellus, equal to slightly more than half
(55 percent) the greatest width of elytra.

Male. — Length 2.5 mm.; similar to female except frons flat-
tened and coarsely, irregularly punctured, pronotum more coarsely,
deeply punctured, the punctures larger anteriorly; elytra more
deeply, closely punctured, the punctures confused, except striae 1
indicated; and declivital sculpture coarser and with an acutely ele-
vated subapical ridge extending from lateral angles about half the
distance to suture.

Type Locality. — Mile 10 on the Bartica-Potaro road, British
Guiana.

Host. — Licania sp.

Type Material. — The female holotype, male allotype, and 13
paratypes were taken at the type locality from the above host be-
tween October, 1948, and March, 1949, collection number 73, by

Dec. 31, 1966 new neotropical platypodidae 49

D. J. Atkinson. One paratype bears the same data except the host
was Pouteria sp. and the collection number was 70. One male para-
type is from Rio Damitas, San Jose Prov., Costa Plica, taken on
Februa.^' 18, 1964, at an elevation of 700 feet, from an unidentified
log, by S. L. Wood.

The holotype, allotype, and most of the para types are in the
British Museum (Natural History); some paratypes are in my col-
lection.

N eotrachyostus obliquus, n. sp.
Fig. 4

Very similar to putzeysii Chapuis, but readily distinguished in
the female by the broadly impressed frons, and by the absence of
minute tubercles on the elytral declivity of the male.

]VL\LE. — Length 7.5 mm. (male paratype 7.2 mm.), 3.4 times
as long as wdde; color dark brown.

Frons transversely concave from eye to eye and from just above
epistomal margin to vertex, with large, very shallow punctures from
just above epistoma to level of middle of eyes; epistomal area slight-
ly raised, reticulate and with about six setiferous punctures; lateral
areas above antennal bases and also median area above middle of
eyes w^ith rather numerous, deep, setiferous punctures, the coarse,
brown setae distinctly shorter than a distance equal to the width of
the eye.

Pronotum 1.1 times as long as wide, wddest at base, distinctly
shallowly constricted about one-third its length from base; anterior-
ly, minutely strigose-reticulate, posteriorly with a few minute
points; vestiture restricted to anterolateral angles.

Elytra 2.0 times as long as wide; sides straight, diverging very
slightly to base of declivity, from dorsal profile lateral margins ap-
pearing serrate because of about a dozen equally spaced, posteriorly
directed tubercles on interspace 9; elytral base with a sharply raised
margin from suture to interspace 5; striae weakly impressed, both
striae and interstriae on disc impunctate, smooth, shining, except
near declivity striae become somewhat punctate-granulate and in-
crease in width so as to eliminate interspaces 2, 4. and, in part, 6
and 8, some strial punctures visible on lateral interspaces. Declivity
obliquely truncate; upper margin armed by a blunt spine on inter-
space 1 projecting posteriorly a distance less than its width, a simi-
lar projection on interspace 3 begins a continuous carinate crest ex-
tending to apex except for a notch at interspace 4, the crest lower
and \rider after reaching interspace 8; sutural apex with a deep
U-shaped emargination formed by terminal processes, the apical
half of the inner margin of this emargination bearing three rather
large tubercles; declivital surface dull, subgranulose, with shallow
punctures.

Female. — Length 6.8-7.2 mm., 3.6 times as long as wide; simi-
lar to male except frontal area from middle level of eye to epistoma
smooth, impunctate; base of elytral interspace 2 roughened (not

The Great Basin. Naturalist

50 STEPHEN L. WOOD Vol. XXVI, Nos. 3-4

asperate) ; serrations on interspace 9 reduced; declivity convex,
steep, with a narrow groove just below lateral margin marking off
declivital face, this area bearing about 14 rounded tubercles in two
very indefinite rows in the apparent location of interspaces 1 and 2.

Type Locality. — Volcan, Puntarenas Prov., Costa Rica.

Host. — A tree known locally as "Huarumo."

Type Material. — The male holotype, female allotype, and one
male and one female allotype, and one male and one female para-
type were collected at the type locality on December 11, 1963, by
S. L. Wood, from the bole, six inches in diameter, of the above host
as named by local inhabitants.

All four specimens are in my collection.

Platypus abditulus, n. sp.
Figs. 5-6

This species is closely related to abditus Schedl (types compared
directly), but is distinguished in the male by spine at base of inter-
space 1 being similar to spine on interspace 3 (not shorter and
blunt as in abditus), by the presence of a smaller, but rounded
spine, on interspace 7, and by the shallow, much wider apical
emargination.

Male. — Length 3.4 mm. (para types 3.3-3.5 mm.), 3.4 times as
long as wide; color light brown, the declivity darker.

Frons flattened, subrugosely, coarsely, shallowly punctate, more
finely below bases of antennae. Antenna! scape subtriangularly ex-
panded and bearing a sparse fringe of hair on lower margin.

Pronotum 1.1 times as long as wide; sides constricted just be-
hind middle, widest just behind constriction; surface dull, reticu-
late, with moderately abundant, small, shallow punctures; median
line indicated on basal third.

Elytra 2.0 times as long as wide, sides straight, almost truncate
behind; basal margin acutely raised to interspace 7. striae impressed
on posterior two-thirds, the punctures very large, shallow, very ob-
scure anteriorly, becoming more distinct posteriorly; interstriae be-
coming narrowly, continuously carinate on posterior two-thirds of
disc; even numbered interspaces end just before declivital margin,
odd numbered interspaces end in blunt processes, each process not
longer than wide, all apparently of equal length as viewed from
posterior aspect; elytral apex broadly, shallowly emarginate, the
emargination more than four times as wide as deep (about twice as
wide as deep in abditus); declivital face coarsely granulose, and
with rather abundant, small, deep punctures.

Female. — Not represented.

Type Locality. — Near Moravia. Cartago Prov., G>sta Rica.

Type Material. — The holotype and five parat^-pes were collect-
ed from the type locality on March 11, 1964, at an elevation of
about 1,500 feet from an unidentifiable log.

All six specimens are in my collection.

Dec. 31,1966 new neotropical platypodidae 51

Platypus exitialis, n. sp.
Fig. 7

This species is allied to exitiosus Schedl, but is distin^ished by
its larger size, by the more coarsely sculptured elytra and by the
presence of three spines on the lateral terminal process (only two in
exitiosus).

Male. — Length 4.5 mm. (paratype 4.7 mm.), 3.2 times as long
as wide; color dark brown.

Frons broadly planoconcave from vertex to the slightly elevated
epistomal margin; surface coarsely sculptured wdth very large,
moderately deep punctures, those below level of antennal bases
somewhat smaller; vestiture consisting of a few inconspicuous,
scattered setae on upper marginal areas.

Pronotum 1.1 times as long as wide; sides constricted just be-
hind middle. \\'idest at a point just behind this constriction; surface
smooth and shining wdth rather numerous, fine, deep punctures and
more abundant, minute, shallow punctures intermixed, a basal band
of irregular, large, very shallow punctures at base.

Elytra 2.0 times as long as wide; base acutely elevated from
suture to interspace 5; striae moderately impressed, particularly to-
ward decli\^ty, the punctures distinctly impressed; interspaces retic-
ulose-strigose with irregular punctures and fine, sharp tubercles;
the tubercles increasing in size and number toward declivity, 3
armed by about 6 broad transverse crenulations; interspaces 1 and
3 carinate on posterior two-thirds of disc, becoming serrate on pos-
terior portion, 5 carinate on posterior half and 7 carinate almost
to base, 1, 3, 5, and 7 each produced into a projecting spine, 3
longest, 1 very slightly longer than 5, 7 shortest, 8 and 9 posteriorly
serrate. Declivital face almost circular, limited above by spines of
interstriae 1 and 3 and laterally and below by three large, blunt
spines of terminal lateral process; the first of these lateral spines
in line with interspace 7, the second in line with interspace 9, the
third is the apex of lateral process.

Femoral shield of metasternum and metepistemum formed by
five rather large, posteriorly directed spines.

Type Locality. — Bartica triangle, British Guiana.

Host. — Poweria engleri (type) and Licania sp. (paratype).

Type Material. — The male holotype was collected from its host
at the type locality between October, 1948, and March, 1949. by
D. J. Atkinson. One male paratype was taken 10 miles from Bar-
tica on the Potaro road in British Guiana from its host, during the
above period of time.

The holotype is in the British Museum; the paratype is in my
collection.

Platypus schedli, n. sp.

Fig. 8

This species is closely allied to exitiosus Schedl but is distin-
guished by its smaller size, by the confluent punctures on striae 1

52

STEPHEN L. WOOD

The Great Basin Naturalist

Vol. XXVI, Nos. 3-4

and 2, by the less strongly produced spines at base of declivity, and
by the smaller, shallow, less numerous punctures on declivital face.

Male. — Length 2.6 mm. (male para types 2.5-2.9 mm.), 3.0
times as long as wide; color light brown, the elytral declivity
darker.

Frons very shallowly, coarsely rugose-punctate above level of
antennal bases, rather coarsely, deeply, regularly punctured below;
vestiture sparse, inconspicuous, restricted to area of vertex.

Pronotum subquadrate, almost as wide as long, feebly constricted
just behind middle, very slightly wider near base; surface smooth
and shining, with sparse, fine punctures and minute points, except
base with a band of coarse shallow punctures from side to side and
extending with finer punctures anteriorly along median line to a
point about a third the length of the pronotum from base.

Elytra 1.7 times as long as wide, posteriorly tapered on apical
third to the rather broad, 4-pronged apex; basal margin acutely ele-
vated from suture to interspace 6; striae impressed, the punctures
rather large and posteriorly on 1 and 2 confluent; interspaces with
a few scattered punctures, 1-3 convex, 1 and to a lesser extent 3
carinate toward declivity, 2 and 4 eliminated before declivity; base
of 3 armed by two broad transverse crenulations; interspaces 1, 3,
and 5 armed by spines that project slightly behind (less than in

7 exitialis

9. angustatulus

10, longior

I. simpliciformis

12 longius

Figs. 7-12. Platypus spp. males: 7, exitialis declivity; 8, schedli declivity;
9, angustatulus dorsal aspect; 10, longior dorsal aspect; 11, simpliciformis dorsal
aspect of declivity; 12, longius dorsal aspect of declivity.

Dec. 31, 1966 new neotropical pl.\typodidae 53

exotiosus), almost equal in length. Declivity rather steep, shallowly
sulcate near interspace 2, the surface granulose, the punctures
rather small, shallow, moderately abundant; terminal process near
suture, acute, and with an equally prominent lateral process that
from above appears acute, from lateral view, quadrate; interspaces
6-9 unarmed.

Femoral shield on metasternum and metepisternum formed by
three rather large, posteriorly directed teeth.

Female. — Length 2.9 mm. (paratypes 2.8-3.0 mm.), 3.2 times
as long as wide; similar to male except elytral striae not impressed,
the punctures small, feebly indicated, interstriae smooth and im-
j)unctate, except roughened near declivity; declivity convex, mod-
erately steep, armed only by about a dozen rounded granules, and
femoral shield with one small spine on metepisternum.

Type Locality. — Manaka, British Guiana.

Host. — Eschweilera sagotianum.

Type M.ateri.\l. — The male holotype, female allotype, and 49
paratypes were collected at the type locality from the above host
between October, 1948, and March, 1949, by D. J. Atkinson, collec-
tion No. 1 7. Additional paratypes, all from British (luiana, taken in
the same period from the same host by the same collector included:
7 from MorabaUi (No. 29); 1 (No. 43) at light from mile 12, and 1
(No. 74) from mile 10 on the Batrica-Potaro road; 18 from Batrica
triangle (1 extracted from Catostemma sp., 1 from Eperua falcata,
the host not indicated for the others); 64 from the Ikuribisi (No.
46). One other male paratype in the Schedl collection is labeled
Guyana Franciase, Passoura 9.

The holotype. allotype, and most of the paratypes are in the
British Museum (Natural History). Other paratypes are in my col-
lection and in the Schedl collection.

Platypus longulus Chapuis
Platypus longulus Chapuis, 1865, Monographic des Platypides, p. 158.

This species, previously known from Mexico and Guatemala,
was collected in Costa Rica from Rio Damitas, San Jose Prov.,
August 14. 1963, and Gromaco Plantation on the Rio Goto Brus,
Puntarenas Prov., July 22, 1963, by S. L. Wood. Additional speci-
mens were also collected in British Guiana between January and
March, 1949, by D. B. Fanshawe, at the Bartica triangle, from
Kairobali, and between October. 1948, and March, 1949, by D. J.
Atkinson, at mile 10 on the Bartica-Potaro road, from Tapirira
marchandii; at Ikuribisi from Eschweilera sagotianum; and at
Manawa from Ocotea rodiaei.

Platypus otiosus Schedl
Platypus otiosus Schedl, 1936, Arch. Inst. Biol. Veg. Rio de Janeiro 3:100.

A long series of this species was collected three miles west of El
Salto. Ehirango, Mexico, from large Quercus logs. Both sexes were

The Great Basin Naturalist

54 STEPHEN L. WOOD Vol. XXVI, Nos. 3-4

present in many of the newly formed tunnels. A female of this
series was compared directly to the unique female type of otiosus,
both by K. E. Schedl and by myself, and found to be identical in all
respects. Because the male previously was unknown, a brief descrij>-
tion is presented below.

Male. — A representative of Chapuis' Platypi caudati; evidently
more closely allied to angustatus Chapuis than to other known spe-
cies, but declivity very different.

Length 5.2-5.7 mm. Frons very coarsely, closely, deeply punc-
tured; lacking the transverse striation and the small excavations
near antennal bases of female. Pronotum similar to that of female,
except completely devoid of the very large, median pores. Elytra
with striae and strial punctures more strongly impressed, the sur-
face more nearly shining. Declivity vsdth interspaces 1, 2, 4, 6, and
9 unarmed except by one or more fine tubercles; 3 with a large
projecting process, its base extending almost half the distance down
the declivity. 5 strongly elevated projecting only slightly, its base
extending only slightly down declivity, 7 moderately elevated,
sharply but not strongly produced, its base extending only slightly
beyond declivital base, 8 bearing a moderately large, sharpened
tubercle, its base at base of declivity as seen from above; apices of
spines on interspaces 3, 5, 7, and 8 almost in a straight line. Lateral
apical process longer and more slender than other species of this
group, its apex ending in three acute spines.

Platypus occipitis, n. sp.

Allied to occipitalis Chapuis, but distinguished in the male by
the subconcave frons, by the more coarsely punctured prothorax,
by the subcarinate elytral interspaces on the disc, and by the more
strongly elevated, posteriorly serrate interspace 9.

Male. — Length 4.1 mm. (paratypes 4.0-4.2 mm.), 2.8 times as
long as wide; color light brown.

Frons flattened to vertex, with median half from level of middle
of eye to epistoma shallowly concave; concave area reticulate and
with rather large, circular punctures, upper area with large, shal-
low, partly confluent, reticulate punctures indicated; vestiture in-
conspicuous, short.

Pronotum as wide as long, sides rather deeply constricted at
middle, a deep cavity formed at its posterior extremity in upper-
most pleural region; surface subreticulate, with shallow, moderately
lar^e and small punctures intermixed.

Elytra about 1.6 times as long as wide (estimate, elytra spread);
el}i;ral striae rather strongly impressed, the punctures large, conflu-
ent, scarcely indicated; interspaces convex except at base, carinate
on posterior half to declivital margin. Declivity convex; interspaces
1-9 equally subserrate, 9 very slightly more strongly elevated and
continued to junction with 5, the low. acute ridge ascending slightly
and continuing to 3 then descending abruptly to sutural apex (simi-
lar to occipitalis but all characters more strongly developed). Vesti-

Dec. 31, 1966 new neotropical platypodidae 55

ture largely restricted to declivity, consisting of short bristles almost
equal in length to distance between rows of bristles.

Last visible abdominal sternum armed by a pair of large, blunt,
cone-shaped processes.

Female. — Similar to male except the elytral interspaces convex,
but not carinate, the declivity simple, and the abdominal spines
absent.

Type Locality. — Ikuribisi, British Guiana.

Host. — Pouteria guianensis.

Type Material. — The male holotype. female allotype and 6
parat}^es were taken at the type locality from the above host be-
tween October, 1948, and March, 1949, by D. J. Atkinson, collection
No. 53. An additional female para type, probably from this same
series, is labeled "British Guiana, 1948-1949, D. J. Atkinson."

The holotyi>e, allotype and some paratypes are in the British
Museum (Natural History), other paratypes are in my collection.

Platypus angustatulus, n. sp.
Fig. 9

Allied to mulsanti Chapuis, but larger and more slender, the male
is distinguished from that species by the less strongly elevated
declivited interspaces, by the discontinuation of elevations on inter-
spaces 3 and 5 on the declivital face, and by the more strongly ele-
vated, more coarsely serrate, declivital interspace 9; the female frons
more shallowly concave and more finely punctured.

Male. — Length 5.5 mm. (male paratype 5.7 mm.), almost four
times as long as wide; color very dark brown, almost black.

Frons flattened from vertex to epistoma, the lower third weakly
impressed in median area; surface with large, close, irregularly
shaped, shallow punctures, appearing somewhat rugulose above,
more finely sculptured below antennal bases, the epistoma almost
smooth; vestiture short, inconspicuous.

Pronotum 1.2 times as long as wide, rather strongly constricted
well behind middle; surface densely punctured, the punctures mi-
nute, shallow, irregular in shape, largely suppressed near anterior
margin.

Elytra 2.6 times as long as wide; striae weakly if at all im-
pressed, the punctures small, mostly elongate, rather strongly im-
pressed; interspaces more than twice as wide as striae, obscurely
subreticulate, with fine, scattered punctures; elytral bases acutely
elevated from suture to interspace 5. Declivity not steep, convex to
bases of terminal processes; interspace 1 feebly elevated and armed
by 2-4 fine, setiferous tubercles above, reduced on lower half, 2 re-
duced throughout but bearing a few fine granules, 3 rather strongly
raised on upper third, with about two small, setiferous tubercles on
its summit, reduced below. 5 and 7 convex on upper third, each
armed by about 3 setiferous tubercles, 8 elevated, the strong eleva-
tion continuing to apex of lateral apical process, its summit serrate;

The Great Basin. Naturalist

56 STEPHEN L. WOOD Vol. XXVI, Nos. 3-4

terminal process short, blunt, rather broad. Vestiture confined to
declivity, consisting of short, stout bristles, each bristle shorter than
distance between rows of bristles, and several longer setae on apex
of lateral processes.

Type Locality. — Ten miles southeast of Cartago on the Pan-
American Highway, Cartago Prov., Costa Rica.

Type Material. — The male holotype was collected at the type
locality from an unknown log 14 inches in diameter on July 29,
1963, by S. L. Wood, at an elevation of 5,600 feet. One male para-
type was taken from the same log on September 24, 1963.

Both specimens are in my collection.

Playtpus longior, n. sp.
Fig. 10

This species is more closely allied to angustatulus Wood (above)
than to other known species, but is readily distinguished by the al-
most complete suppression of pronotal punctures, by the rather
strongly elevated alternate interspaces on the elytral declivity, and
by the narrower terminal elytral processes that are serrate only at
their bases.

Male. — Length 4.9 mm., 3.7 times as long as wide; color very
dark brown.

Frons flattened, weakly impressed in median area below, rather
coarsely punctured throughout, becoming rugose above level of an-
tennal bases; vestiture sparse, inconspicuous.

Pronotum L2 times as long as wide; lateral constriction just be-
hind middle, abrupt, rather short; surface subshining, minutely ir-
regular, not clearly punctured although obscure, suppressed punc-
tures evident; glandular pores not evident.

Elytra 1.3 times as long as wide; disc as in angustatulus. De-
clivity much as in angustatulus but with interspaces 1, 3, 5, and 7
rather strongly elevated, the elevations not descending abruptly be-
hind except on 3, elevation on 3 also slightly more prominent than
the others, 5 and 7 more distinctly serrate; 8 less strongly elevated
than in angustatulus, finely serrate, the terminal lateral processes
narrower. Vestiture confined to declivity, very slightly longer than
in angustatulus.

Female. — Length 5.0 mm., 3.7 times as long as wide; similar
to male except pronotum subreticulate, with minute, shallow punc-
tures, and with a pair of minute glandular pores one-third the
length of pronotum from base (at anterior end of impressed median
line); elytral declivity simple.

Type Locality. — Ten miles southeast of Cartago on the Pan-
American Highway, Cartago Prov., Costa Rica.

Type Material.- — The male holotype and one female paratype
were collected at the type locality on July 29. 1963, and the allo-
type at the same locality, on July 3, 1963, by S. L. Wood, from the
same log that contained the type series of angustatulus.

All three specimens are in my collection.

Dec. 31,1966 new neotropical platypodidae 57

Platypus simpliciformis, n. sp.
Fig. 11

This species is more closely allied to coronatus Schedl than to
other known species, but it is not closely related. From coronatus
it is readily distinguished by the much smaller size and, in the male,
by the similar sculpturing of all declivital interspaces.

Male. — Length 5.0 mm., 3.3 times as long as wide; color dark
brown.

Frons shallowly, broadly, transversely concave from epistoma to
vertex; epistoma almost smooth and shining, becoming punctate-
rugulose above level of antennal bases; vestiture fine, inconspicuous.

Pronotum 1.1 times as long as wide; the lateral constriction
long, shallow; surface subreticulate, subshining, with fine, shallow,
sparse punctures.

Elytra 2.1 times as long as wide; striae impressed, the punctures
rather large, mostly confluent; interspaces twice as wide as striae,
broadly convex toward base, narrowly rounded (almost costiform)
at base of declivity, the punctures very minute, sparse, irregular.
Declivity convex; striae deeply, abruptly impressed, the punctures
largely suppressed except for transverse lines at bottoms of strial
grooves; interstriae narrowly elevated, slightly narrower than striae,
not higher than wide. 1-8 similarly sculptured, each with a sparse
row of regularly spaced, posteriorly directed, fine, pointed tubercles,
those on 8 and 9 larger, appearing serrate; all interspaces tend to
converge toward, but end short of lateral terminal process; lateral
process short, about as in coronatus, but with two very small denta-
tions on lateral margin and one small tubercle near center of face;
punctures of striae 1 distinct to near apex.

Type Locality. — Tapanti, Cartago Prov., Costa Rica.

Type Material. — The unique male holotype was collected at
the type locality on October 24, 1963, by S. L. Wood, at an eleva-
tion of 4,000 feet, from a limb of Phoebe mexicana that was about
4 inches in diameter.

The type is in my collection.

Platypus longius, n. sp.
Fig. 12

This species is closely related to longulus Chapuis, but is distin-
guished in the male by the more strongly elevated interspace 3, by
the suppression of the elevations on interspaces 1 and 3 on the low-
er declivity, by the more coarsely serrate interspaces 7 and 8, and
by the longer terminal processes; the female differs from longulus
by the presence of a pair of small glandular pores on the basal half
of the pronotum, and frons bearing conspicuous tufts of hairlike
setae.

Male. — Length 4.6 mm. (male para types 4.6-5.0 mm.), 3.5
times as long as wide; color very dark brown.

The Great Basin Naturalist

58 STEPHEN L. WOOD Vol. XXVI, Nos. 3-4

Frons flattened, median area slightly impressed below; surface
finely, closely granulate; vestiture sparse, inconspicuous.

Pronotum 1.1 times as long as wide; lateral constriction abrupt,
rather deep; surface dull, with numerous, close, fine punctures and
minute pores; glandular pores absent.

Elytra 2.3 times as long as wide; disc as described above for
angustatulus . Declivity convex; interspace 1 rather weakly, nar-
rowly elevated on upper half and bearing several serrations, 2 re-
duced to a fine line on declivity, 3 more strongly elevated and ser-
rate than 1, not at all elevated on lower half, 4-6 not elevated but
subserrate, 7 moderately elevated and with about three rather
coarse serrations, 8 rather strongly elevated and coarsely serrate to
base of terminal process; terminal process long and slender, distinct-
ly longer than its basal width, with one small spine on its upper
apical extremity, and one or more fine serrations laterally.

Female. — Length 5.0 mm.; similar to male except frons with a
pair of rather dense tufts of long hair, the area covered by each Luft
extending ventromesad from inner angle of eye about two- thirds of
distance to median line; pronotum with a pair of glandular pores
two-fifths of pronotum length from base; and elytral striae not im-
pressed, the declivity simple.

Type Locality. — Volcan Pacaya, Esquintla Prov., Guatemala.

Type Material. — The male holotype, female allotype, and five
para types were collected at the type locality on June 1, 1964, by
S. L. Wood, at an elevation of about 4,000 feet, from an unknown
log. Two additional paratypes and two other males without head
and prothorax were taken at Cerro Pena Blanca, Honduras, on
April 23, 1964, by S. L. Wood, at an elevation of 6,000 feet, from a
limb of Quercus tomentocaulis .

The type series is in my collection.

Platypus liraticus, n. sp.
Fig. 13

This species is closely related to Uratus Blandford. but the male
is readily distinguished by the more deeply impressed discal striae,
with the punctures larger and regular, by the narrower, more
strongly elevated, discal interstriae, by the more strongly developed
lateral terminal elytral processes, and by the absence of tubercles
on the lower third of declivital interspace 1.

Male. — Length 6.9 mm. (male paratype 6.5 mm.), 3.1 times
as long as wide; color reddish-brown becoming darker posteriorly,
the declivity almost black.

Frons very weakly, broadly concave from eye to eye and from
epistoma to vertex; closely, shallowly, very coarsely punctured;
vestiture sparse, inconspicuous.

Pronotum as wide as long; surface mostly reticulate with rather
numerous, small and minute punctures intermixed; median line in-
dicated on basal third.

Dec. 31, 1966 new neotropical platypodidae 59

Elytra 1.8 times as long as wide; disc as in liratus except striae
more deeply impressed, the punctures on 1 and 2 larger, in definite
rows, very close (almost contiguous), the interstriae narrower and
more nearly carinate. Declivity similar to but more gradual than
in liratus., interspace 1 elevated and narrowly convex on upper
third, serrate (5 tubercles) on middle third, flattened and with a
few pimctures on lower third; 2 narrowed, with two fine tubercles
near base, impressed below; 3 similar to 1 except lower third con-
tinues to lateral process; 4-8 narrowly convex to declivital base, each
ending in a tubercle and followed by a series of two to four tu-
bercles of equal size, ending just before lateral process; lateral ter-
minal process much more prominent than in liratus, with a low,
acute ridge extending from this process two-thirds of the distance
toward sutural aj>ex, the median marginal pair of tubercles below
this ridge.

Type Locality. — Rio Damitas, San Jose Prov., Costa Rica.

Host. — Rheedia edulis.

Type Material. — The male holotype and one male allotype
were taken at the type locality from the above host on February 18,
1964, at an elevation of 700 feet, by S. L. Wood.

Both specimens are in my collection.

Platypus chiriquensis, n. sp.
Fig. 14

This species is closely allied to lafertei Chapuis, but is readily
distinguished by the much larger size and, in the male, by the sub-
concave frons, by the regular striae 1 and 2, by the sparsely punc-
tured interspace 2, and by the much larger lateral spines on elytral
apex.

Male. — Length 7.8 mm. (male paratypes 7.5-8.0 mm.), 3.1
times as long as wide; color black.

Frons moderately concave from eye to eye from epistoma to ver-
tex; surface minutely rugose-reticulate and deeply, rather coarsely,
closely punctured; vestiture inconspicuous.

Pronotum 1.1 times as long as wide; constriction moderately
deep, short; surface dull, minutely, rather sparsely punctured, the
punctures slightly larger at base and near anterior margin.

Elytra 2.1 times as long as wide; striae weakly impressed, the
punctures small, regular, impressed; interspaces 1, 3, and 5 much
wider. 2, 4, and 6 much narrower than normal, all with sparse,
minute, irregularly placed punctures. 2-5 with a few pointed gran-
ules at base. Declivity gradual, its surface rugose-reticulate, dull;
interspace 1 with four widely spaced, moderately large, pointed
tubercles, 3 with two or three, 5 with one or two and 7, 8. and 9
with one or more similar tubercles, those near top of declivity tend-
ing to be larger; posterolateral angles only slightly produced beyond
sutural apex, bearing on the outer apical angle two pair of spines
arranged as in lafertei but much larger, two minute teeth between

60

STEPHEN L. WOOD

The Great Basin Naturalist

Vol. XXVI, Nos. 3-4

3 liraticus i4 chiriquensis

15 brevicornis

16 vegestus

Figs. 13-17. Dorsal aspect of Platypus males: 13, liraticus declivity; 14,
chiriquensis declivity; 15, brevicornis; 16, vegestus declivity; 17, eugestus de-
clivity.

median spine and suture; posterior margin adjacent to suture almost
straight, not angled as in lafertel.

Female. — Length 8.0 mm., 3.5 times as long as wide; similar
to male except lateral area of frons between antennal bases and
middle level of eye rather strongly impressed, the impression on each
side subcircular, abruptly margined laterally and above; pronotum
surface satin smooth, with longitudinally etched, minute points, the
median line indicated on basal third and with a patch of glandular
pores on each side of its anterior end, each patch consisting of 8 or
9 rather small pores; striae impressed, the punctures small, obscure;
elytral interspaces not noticeably unequal in width; declivity
simple.

Type Locality. — Near Cerro Punta, Chiriqui Prov., Panama.
(Labeled Volcan Chiriqui.)

Hosts. — Ochroma sp. (type), and Inga sp. (allotype).

Type Material. — The male holotype and three paratypes were
taken from a balsa log {Ochroma sp.); the female allotype and
three paratypes, from the base of a small Inga tree; and seven other
paratypes. from unidentified logs and stumps. All were collected at
the type locality on January 11, 1964, at an elevation of about
5,500 feet, by S. L. Wood.

The type series is in my collection.

Dec. 31, 1966 new neotropical pl-^typodidae 61

Platypus hrevicornis. n. sp.
Fig. 15

Although the relationship is remote, this species is more closely
allied to jlavicornis (Fabricius) than to other known species. The
male resembles the female of jlavicornis much more closely than it
does the male. It differs from all others in this species group by the
very short, abrupt declivity on which the elevated interspace 3 (as
seen from above) extends to the posterior margin.

Male. — Length 5.1 mm., 3.9 times as long as wide; color mod-
erately dark brown.

Frons flattened, with feeble impressions near center and on low-
er half; surface closely granulate, more nearly punctured toward
epistoma; vestiture sparse, inconspicuous.

Pronotum 1.1 mm.; lateral constriction deep, abrupt; surface
very finely, closely punctured, the numerous punctures irregular in
size and shape; glandular pores absent.

Elytra 2.3 times as long as wide; striae weakly impressed at
base, stronger toward declivity, the punctures moderately large,
deep; interstriae about one and one-half times as wide as striae, sur-
face very minutely, densely punctate and with a few widely spaced,
fine punctures. Declivity short, subvertical, the general contour
about as in female jlavicornis; interspace 1 not elevated, bearing
about four small, pointed tuberdes at upper margin, 2 similar to 1
but with only one or two fine granules, 3 rather broadly, strongly
elevated, apex of elevation projecting slightly and interrupting pos-
terior profile of elytra (as seen from above), 4-9 convex, ending at
declivital base but 4 and 6 shorter than others, 4-9 each with a fine
granule just behind its apex, 9 elevated to apical process, its summit
armed by about seven moderately coarse teeth; lateral apical process
short, more slender but similar in length and perhaps sculpture to
female jlavicornis.

Abdominal segment 3 armed by a pair of widely spaced, large,
conical spines; segment 4 bearing a pair of very small, similar spines.

Female. — Length 5.3 mm.; similar to male except frons some-
what more coarsely sculptured; declivity unarmed, interspace 3
wider and more strongly convex above; lower face of declivity
vertical, bearing more than a dozen very small, rounded granules;
costal margins of elytra near declivity finely serrate; abdominal
segments unarmed.

Type Locality. — Villa Mills near Cerro de la Muerte, Costa
Rica.

Host. — Brunellia costaricensis.

Type Material. — The male holotype, female allotype, and 21
paratypes were collected at the type locality on August 1, 1966,
at an elevation of 10,000 feet, by S. L. Wood, from a Yog presiuned
to be the above host. One male paratype was taken at elevation
7,800 feet on the Pan-American Highway about 15 miles northwest

The Great Basin Naturalist

62 STEPHEN L. WOOD Vol. XXVI, Nos. 3-4

of Cerro de la Muerte, San Jose Prov., Costa Rica, on August 6,
1963, from a 24 inch log of the above host.

The holotype, allotype, and paratypes are in my collection.

Platypus annexus, n. sp.
Fig. 20

This species belongs to Schedl's Platypi complanati. It is not
similar to any described species, but it is allied to the manuscript
species adnexus in the Schedl collection. The male of this species
differs from Schedl's, however, by the more sharply, deeply punc-
tured frons, by the shorter declivital elevation on interspace 1, the
elevation on interspace 3 longer, higher, and descending gradually
behind, and by the shorter lateral apical angles of the elytra (not
curved ventrad as much as in adnexus).

Male. — Length 3.0 mm. (male paratypes 2.8-3.1 mm.), 4.3
times as long as wide; color light brown.

Frons flattened from epistoma to vertex; surface smooth below
level of antennal bases and somewhat coarsely, closely, deeply
punctured, strongly reticulate and finely, regularly, but sparsely
punctured above; vestiture sparse, inconspicuous.

Pronotum 1.3 times as long as wide; lateral, constriction deep,
abrupt; surface substrigose-reticulate in anterior and posterior areas,
shining in middle; median line indicated on basal third, with a pair
of very large glandular pores near its anterial end, each pore one-
fourth as wide as antennal club.

Elytra 2.6 times as long as wide; striae 1 weakly, others not at
all impressed, the punctures small; interstriae smooth with numer-
ous minute points, no regular punctures. Declivity broad, rather
shorit, moderately steep; striae impressed near declivity above, not
indicated below; interstriae 1-6 carinate at declivital base, 1, 3. and
5 elevated, 5 weakly elevated, 1 more strongly raised than 5, 3
more strongly, broadly elevated than 1, all descend gradually be-
hind, 2 and 4 end before 1 and 5, 3 longer than others and extend-
ing almost to middle of declivity; truncate posteriorly (as seen from
above), the lateral terminal processes extending scarcely beyond
suture; interspace 8 elevated to lateral apical process, its summit
armed by about four pointed tubercles; declivital face granulose-
reticulate, with obscure, scattered punctures.

Female. — Similar to male except upper area of frons more
coarsely punctured; pronotal glandular pores slightly larger; elytral
declivity without elevations or impressed striae, the face abruptly
declivous, subvertical; subtruncate behind, the lateral angles less
prominent.

Type Locality. — Tapanti, Cartago Prov., Costa Rica.

Host. — Quercus sp.

Type Material. — The male holotype. female allotype and one
male paratype were collected at the type localit}' from the above
host on July 2, 1963. at an elevation of 4,000 feet, by S. L. Wood.

Dec. 31, 1966 new neotropical platypodidae 63

Two additional paratyj)es bear similar data except they were taken
on October 24, 1963, from an unidentifiable log.
The type series is in my collection.

Platypus vegestus, n. sp.
Fig. 16

This species belongs to Schedl's Platypi complanati, but it is not
closely related to any known species except eugestus Wood described
below. From eugustus it is readily distinguished by the smaller size
and by the narrow V-shaped notch at sutural apex of the elytra.

Male. — Length 3.3 mm. (male pvaratypes 3.0-3.4 mm.), 4.6
times as long as wide; color brown.

Frons flattened from epistoma to vertex, slightly impressed just
above epistoma; surface dull, rugose-reticulate, rather coarsely,
deeply punctured below, punctures smaller and shallow above; ves-
titure sparse, inconspicuous.

Pronotum 1.3 times as long as wide; lateral constriction very
deep, abrupt; surface reticulate except in limited lateral areas, the
punctures varying from fine to rather coarse, rather deeply im-
pressed median line indicated on basal two-thirds, with a pair of
large glandular pores near its middle, each pore about one-fifth as
great as width of antennal club.

Elytra 2.8 times as long as wide; striae feebly impressed, the
punctures moderately large, moderately impressed, elongate, on
striae 1 partly confluent; interstriae about one and one-half times
as wide as striae, with rather numerous minute points and no punc-
tures. Declivity almost nonexistent, descending only slightly before
apex; striae slightly impressed in declivital area, all striae and
interstriae end before apex, declivital area rugose-reticulate, with a
few minute, scattered tubercles in declivital area as remnants of
interstriae, interspace 2 narrow, 3 rather wdde, 8 raised and con-
tinued to lateral apical angle, summit of this crest bearing about
five rather course serrations; sutural apex with a rather deep
V-shaped notch, the notch slightly wider than deep and occupying
about 30 percent of elytral wddth at apex, margin of notch marked
by a small tubercle; lateral apical angle curved ventrad, extend-
ing only slightly beyond the truncated elytral apex.

Type Locality. — Elevation 7.800 feet on the Pan-American
Highway about 15 miles northwest of Cerro de la Muerte, San Jose
Prov., Costa Rica.

Host. — BruneUia costaricensis.

Type Material. — The male holotype and one male paratype
were taken at the tj-pe locality from the above host on August 6,
1963. by S. L. Wood. Four additional male para types were taken
10 miles southeast of Cartago on the Pan-.\merican Highway, Car-
tago Prov.. Costa Rica, on October 24, 1963. at an elevation of 5,600
feet, from an unidentified log, by S. L. Wood.

The type series is in my collection.

The Great Basin. Naturalist

64 STEPHEN L. WOOD Vol. XXVI, Nos. 3-4

Play t pus eugestus, n. sp.
Fig. 17

This species is allied to vegestus Wood, described above, but it is
readily distinguished by its larger size, and by the broad U-shaped
notch at the sutural apex of the elytra.

Male.- — Length 4.2 mm. (male paratypes 4.2-4.4 mm.), 4.2
times as long as wide; color dark brown.

Frons flattened from eye to eye from epistoma to vertex, feebly,
transversely concave below; surface reticulate below, rugose-reticu-
late above level of antennal bases, the punctures rather coarse and
deep below, rather fine and shallow above; vestiture sparse, incon-
spicuous.

Pronotum 1.2 times as long as wide; lateral constriction deep,
abrupt; sur'face very finely strigose-reticulate, with minute points
and moderately abundant, small punctures; median line indicated
on basal half, with a pair of moderately large glandular pores in
usual position about one-third length of pronotum from base, each
pore about one-sixth as great as width of antennal club.

Elytra 2.6 times as long as wide; striae weakly impressed on disc,
more strongly near declivity, the punctures rather small, mostly
impressed on basal half, obliterated toward declivity; interstriae
about one and one-half times as wide as striae, with numerous mi-
nute points, regular punctures absent, basal parts of interspaces 1
and 2 reticulate. Declivity as described above for vegestus except the
tubercles at ends of interspaces, at apical margin of sutural notch,
and laterally on interspace 8 from declivital base to lateral apical
angle distinctly larger, and apical sutural notch broadly U-shaped.

Female. — Length 4.4 mm.; similar to male except frons a little
more deeply, uniformly punctured; elytral disc more nearly reticu-
late; strial punctures less distinctly impressed; and declivity short,
steep, subvertical, simple, the face bearing scattered tubercles.

Type Locality. — Vol can Irazu, Cartago Prov., Costa Rica.

Hosts. — Quercus sp. (type), and BruneUia costaricensis (para-
type).

Type Material. — The male holotype, female allotype, and
three paratypes were taken at the type locality on July 13, 1963, at
an elevation of 7,000 feet, from the bole of a large cut oak, by S. L.
Wood. One paratype was taken near Cerro de la Muerte, San Jose
Prov., Costa Rica, on August 6. 1963, at 7,800 feet, from BruneUia
costaricensis. One other paratype was taken at Volcan Poas, Heredia
Prov., Costa Rica, on July 14, 1963, from an unidentified, large log.

The type series is in my collection.

Platypus prenexus, n. sp.

Fig. 21

This species belongs to Schedl's Platypi complanati. It superficial-
ly^ resembles annexus Wood, described above, but probably repre-
sents a distinct subgroup. From annexus it differs by the absence of

Dec. 31, 1966 new neotropical platypodidae 65

glandular jKjres on the pronotum and, in the male, by the abruptly
angled, vertical lower half of the elytral declivity, and by the lateral
terminal processes of the elytra extending well beyond the apex of
the elytral suture. The armature on abdominal sternum 3 suggests
a relationship with hiporus Blandford.

M^LE. — Length 3.4 mm. (male paratypes 3.4-3.7 mm.), 4.3
times as long as wide; color very dark brown.

Frons feebly convex above antennal bases, rather strongly, trans-
versely impressed above epistoma; entire surface including punc-
tures rugose-reticulate, with rather large, close, shallow punctures;
vestiture sparse, inconspicuous.

Pronotum 1.2 times as long as wide; lateral constriction deep,
abrupt; surface subshining, punctures small and minute intermixed,
very abundant, close; glandiilar pores absent.

Elytra 2.3 times as long as wide; striae 1 moderately, others
weakly impressed, the punctures, except near declivity, rather small,
impressed; interstriae about one and one-half times as wide as striae,
smooth, except for rather abundant very minute points; a moderate-
ly large, deep cavity at base of interspace 4 and median half of 5.
Decli\dty rather gradually descending to middle then vertical on
lower half; interspace 1 with a narrowly convex elongate elevation
on upper fourth, 2 reduced to a fine line, 3 broadly, strongly elevat-
ed to middle, projecting slightly so as to interrupt posterior profile.
4-7 moderately convex, ending before 3, 9 raised to lateral apical
process and armed by a few very fine serrations; lateral processes
as seen from above rather stout, extending slightly beyond suture;
subvertical area of declivity rugose-reticulate, unadorned.

Abdominal sternum 2 armed by a pair of large, widely spaced,
elongate, blunt spines; more closely spaced and more slender than
in biporus.

Female. — Length 3.7 nun.; similar to male except epistomal
impression not as strong; elytral disc more nearly reticulate; elytral
declivity simple, unarmed; abdominal sternum 3 unarmed.

Type Locality. — Ten miles southeast of Cartago on the Pan-
American Highway, Cartago Prov., Costa Rica.

Type Material. — The male holotype and 12 paratypes were
collected at the tyf>e locality on October 24, 1963. at an elevation of
5,600 feet, from an unknown log, by S. L. Wood. The female allo-
type and nine paratypes were taken from the same log on July 29,
1963. One female paraty{)e was taken at Volcan Poas, Heredia
Prov.. Costa Rica, on July 14. 1963, at 7,700 feet, from an unknown
log, by S. L. Wood.

The type series is in my collection.

Platypus connexus, n. sp.
Fig. 18

This species is allied to prenexus Wood, described above, but is
readily distinguished in the male by the much more strongly de-
veloped processes on the elytral declivity.

The Great Basin Naturalist

66 STEPHEN L, WOOD Vol. XXVI, Nos. 3-4

Male. — Length 4.0 mm., 4.3 tiraies as long as wide; color dark
brown.

Frons weakly convex, with a weak, transverse impression be-
tween level of antennal bases and epistomal margin; surface rugose-
reticulate, with rather sparse, small, shallow punctures; vestiture
sparse, inconspicuous.

Pronotum 1.4 times as long as wide; lateral constriction moder-
ately deep, abrupt; surface subshining, minutely, closely punctured;
glandular pores absent.

Elytra 2.6 times as long as wide; striae 1 moderately, others
feebly impressed, the punctures small, impressed, not close; inter-
striae wider than striae; the surface with numerous, minute,
scratched points, almost reticulate; interspace 4 with impressed cavi-
ty at base as in prenexus. Declivity abrupt, very steep; interspace 1
attaining margin, moderately, narrowly elevated then obliquely re-
duced behind, not projecting, 2, 4, 5, and 6 end short of margin,
weakly if at all elevated, 3 projecting as a broad, blunt spine beyond
sutural apex, almost equalling level of lateral terminal processes;
interspaces 7 and 8 apically join one another and continue with 9
onto lateral process; outer margin of 9 with a few very fine serra-
tions; lateral terminal process appearing subretangular from above,
slightly longer than wide; the broad apical margin between bases of
lateral processes almost straight, very slightly rounded behind as
seen from above.

Third abdominal sternum armed by a pair of large, blunt spines
as in prenexus.

Type Locality. — Elevation 7,000 feet, Volcan Irazu, Cartago
Prov., Costa Rica.

Host. — Quercus sp.

Type Material. — The male holotype and one male paratype
were collected at the type locality from the bole of a large cut oak
tree on July 13, 1963, by S. L. Wood.

Both specimens are in my collection.

Platypus sertexus, n. sp.

Fig. 19

This species is closely related to connexsus but is readily distin-
guished by the larger size, by the presence of a small spine at the
apex of interspace 5, and by the slightly larger, projecting spines on
interspace 1.

Male. — Length 4.7 mm., 4.0 times as long as wide; color very
dark brown.

Frons weakly convex, with a weak, transverse impression be-
tween level of antennal bases and epistomal margin; surface rugose-
reticulate, with rather sparse, small, shallow punctures; vestiture
sparse, inconspicuous.

Pronotum 1.4 times as long as wide; lateral constriction moder-
ately deej), abrupt; surface subshining, minutely, closely punctured;
glandular pores absent.

Dec. 31, 1966

NEW NEOTROPICAL PLATYPODIDAE

67

Elytra 2.2 times as long as wide; striae 1 slightly, others feebly
if at all impressed, the punctures small, impressed, not close; inter-
striae nnich wider than striae, the surface with interstrial points
regular, obscurely impressed; interspace 4 with impressed cavity at
base as in prenexus. Declivity abrupt, very steep; interspace 1 mod-
erately, narrowly elevated, forming a projecting spine having its
apex directed slightly mesad, 2 ends before declivity, 3 forming a
large broad, projecting spine almost attaining length of lateral pro-
cesses, its lateral margin tapered mesad, 4 ending in spine of 3, 5
with a moderately small, projecting spine about equal in size and
length to that of 1, 6-9 ending in lateral process, 9 with a few fine
serrations; lateral process as long as wide, appearing square from
above, its inner apical angle (as seen from above) formed by the
inwardly curved costal margin of process.

Third abdominal sternum armed by a pair of large spines, their
spacing as wide as in biporus.

Type Locality.^ — Ten miles southeast of Cartago on the Pan-
American Highway. Cartago Prov., Costa Rica.

Type Material. — The unique male holotype was collected at
the type locality on July 29, 1963, at an elevation oi 5,600 feet, by
S. L. Wood, from the same unidentified log that c-ntained prenexus.

The holotype is in my collection.

Platypus clunalis, n. sp.
Fig. 22

The group to which this and the following two species belong
evidently was not represented in either the British Museum or in

'Ai^>i

18. connexus

20. onnexus

24. cluniculus

21. prenexus

23. clunis ''^X^

Figs. 18-24. Declivity of Platypus males: 18, connexus; 19, senexus; 20,
annexus; 21, prenexus; 22, clunalis; 23, clunis; 24, cluniculus.

The Great Basin Naturalist

68 STEPHEN L. WOOD Vol. XXVI, Nos. 3-4

the Schedl collection. As a group these three species are unique in
the relative simplicity of the dorsal structure and the remarkable
development of the last abdominal sternum. The large process on
this sternum at first appears to be the drooping apex of the ab-
domen, with its posterior face the last visible tergum.

Male. — Length 2.6 mm. (para types 2.6-2.8 mm.), 3.2 times as
long as wide; color brown.

Frons shallowly, broadly concave from epistoma to vertex; sur-
face reticulate, with moderately sparse, fine, shallow punctures;
vestiture sparse, inconspicuous.

Pronotum 1.1 times as long as wide; lateral constriction neither
deep nor abrupt; surface finely, uniformly reticulate, with fine,
shallow, moderately abundant, obscure punctures.

Elytra twice as long as wide; basal margins acutely elevated
from suture to interspace 6; entire surface reticulate; striae not at all
impressed at base, their impression beginning just behind base and
gradually increasing until strongly impressed at base of declivity,
the punctures obsolete; interstriae narrower than striae, narrowly
carina te at decli vital margin, the carinae decreasing in height and
acuteness anteriorly, extending on 1 and 2 to basal fourth, and on
lateral interspaces to near middle of disc. Declivity short, abruptly
rounded, the carinae decreasing the height and acuteness until lost
near middle of declivity; lower declivital area subrugulose-reticu-
late, with a few fine, obscure granules and punctures indicated;
interspace 9 near declivital base beaded by about five rounded
granules; lateral angles rounded, not at all produced.

Last visible sternum with a very strong protrusion extending
ventrad, its median sagittal measurement from junction with elytra
to its apex a distance equal to 80 percent of the greatest width of
the segment; its profile as seen from behind with sides convex and
a pair of large, rounded tubercles at its peak; the process superficial-
ly resem.bling apex of abdomen.

Type Locality. — Near Moravia. Cartago Prov., Costa Rica.

Type Material. — The male holotype and six male paratypes
were collected at the type locality on March 11, 1964, at an eleva-
tion of about 1,500 feet, from an unidentified log, by S. L. Wood.

The type series is in my collection.

Platypus clunis, n. sp
Fig. 23

This species is allied to clunalis, but is readily distinguished by
its smaller size, by the acute posterolateral angles of the elytra, and
by the basal constriction of the process of the last visible abdominal
sternum.

Male. — Length 1.1 mm. (paratypes 1.1-1.2 mm.), about 3.5
times as long as wide; color brown.

Frons shallowly, broadly concave from epistoma to vertex; sur-
face reticulate, with sparse, moderately large, shallow punctures;
vestiture sparse, inconspicuous.

Dec. 31,1966 new neotropical platypodidae 69

Pronotum 1.1 times as long as wide; lateral constriction neither
deep nor abrupt; surface finely, uniformly reticulate, with fine,
shallow, moderately abundant, obscure punctures.

Elytra almost twice as long as wide; basal margins acutely ele-
vated from suture to interspace 6; entire surface reticulate; striae
not at all impressed at base, their impression beginning just behind
base and gradually increasing until strongly impressed at base of
declivity, the punctures obsolete; interstriae narrower than striae,
narrowly carinate at declivital margin, the carinae decreasing in
height and acuteness anteriorly, extending on 1 and 2 to basal
fourth, and on lateral interspaces to near middle of disc. Declivity
short, abrupt, rounded, the interstrial carinae ending equally, some-
what abruptly, at upper margin; declivital face granulose; inter-
space 9 subserrate, ending in a short, acutely produced lateral pro-
cess, an acutely elevated ridge continuing from its summit dor-
somesad to a point in line with striae 5; lateral processes extend to a
plane about midway between declivital base and apex of suture.

Last visible abdominal sternum basally constricted, proportion-
ately as high but much narrower than clunalis; process armed at
its summit by a pair of widely placed tubercles.

Female. — Similar to male except elytral striae not impressed,
but with very minute punctures indicated, interspaces not carinate;
declivity simple, pubescent, the setae short, abundant; last visible
abdominal sternum neither protuberant nor armed.

Type Locality. — Playon, Puntarenas Prov., Costa Rica.

Host. — Cedrela mexicana.

Type Material. — The male holotype and one male paratype
were collected at the type locality from the above host on August 9,
1963, at an elevation of about 150 feet, by S. L. Wood. The female
allot}'pe and one male paratype were taken at Rio Damitas, San
Jose Prov., on August 22, 1963. at an elevation of 700 feet, from a
limb of an unknown tree, by S. L. Wood.

The type series is in my collection.

Platypus cluniculus, n. sp.
Fig. 24

This species is rather closely related to clunis Wood, described
above, but is distinguished by its smaller size, by the abrupt, verti-
cal declivity, by the acute lateral apical angles not being visible
from above, and by the more strongly constricted base of the pro-
cess on the last visible abdominal sternum.

Male. — Length 1.9 mm. (male para types 1.8-1.9 mm.), 3.5
times as long as wide; color brown.

Frons very shallowly, broadly concave from epistoma to vertex;
surface reticulate, with moderately sparse, fine, snallow punctures;
vestiture sparse, inconspicuous.

Pronotum 1.1 times as long as wide; lateral constriction not
deep, moderately abrupt; surface finely, uniformly reticulate, with
fine, shallow, moderately abundant, obscure punctures.

The Great Basin Naturalist

70 STEPHEN L. WOOD Vol. XXVI, Nos. 3-4

Elytra twice as long as wide; basal margins acutely elevated
from suture to interspace 6; entire surface reticulate; striae not at
all impressed at base, their impression beginning just behind base
and gradually increasing until rather strongly impressed at base of
declivity, the punctures obsolete; interstriae narrow^er than striae,
narrowly carinate at declivital margin, the carinae decreasing in
height and acuteness anteriorly, extending on 1 and 2 to basal
fourth, and on lateral interspaces to near middle of disc. Declivity
abrupt, almost vertical, the interstrial carinae ending gradually just
before the abrupt descent; declivital face granulose; interspace 9
subserrate. extending to the acutely pointed, posteroventrally di-
rected, lateral apical angle, this angle not visible from above.

Armature of last visible abdominal sternum similar to that of
clunis but more strongly constricted at its base on all sides, the pro-
cess appearing more slender, the apical tubercles more closely
placed.

Female. — Similar to male except elytral striae not impressed,
but with very minute punctures indicated, interspaces not carinate;
declivity simple, pubescent, the setae short, abundant; last visible
abdominal sternum neither protuberant nor armed.

Type Locality. — Ikuribisi, British Guiana.

Host. — Pouter ia guianensis.

Type Material. — The male holotype, female allotype and 26
paratypes were collected at the type locality from the above host
between October, 1948, and March, 1949, collection No. 53, by
D. J. Atkinson. Ten additional paratypes were taken at mile 10 on
the Bartica-Potaro road, during the same period of time, by the same
collector, from collection No. 70.

The holotype. allotype and most of the paratypes are in the
British Museum (Natural History) ; other paratypes are in my
collection.

NEW AND ADDITIONAL HOST-FLEA ASSOCIATIONS AND
DISTRIBUTIONAL RECORDS OF FLEAS FROM UTAH

Harold J. Egoscue^

Flea collections made subsequent to publications by Stark (1958)
and Parker and Howell (1959) include several noteworthy new host
records and extensions of known ranges of fleas, mostly from west-
em Utah. Amphipsylla sibirica ssp. and Corrodopsylla curvata ob-
tusata (Wagner) are reported from the state for the first time.

Assistance of J. G. Bittmenn and J. A. Petrovich is gratefully
acknowledged. H. E. Stark identified several specimens and con-
firmed some of my determinations. Flea nomenclature follows that
of Stark {op. cit.) except in the genus Monopsyllus as revised by
Johnson (1961). Mammal names, with one or two exceptions, fol-
low Hall and Kelson (1959). Fleas are listed alphabetically. Speci-
mens referred to are in the Ecology and Epizoology Reference Collec-
tions. The work was accomplished, in part, through a U. S. Army
Research and Development contract with the University of Utah,
and reported as E,cology and Epizoology Contribution No. 130.

Sorex vagrans obscurus Merriam

Monopsyllus wagneri i, Baker). Tooele Co.: South Willow Creek
Canyon, Stansbury Mts., 7,000 ft.; 7 Oct., 1965. IcT.

Normally shrews are infested with fleas that are fairly host-
specific, such as Corrodopsylla curvata. This is the only flea I have
found on approximately 50 vagrant shrews collected in Utah.

Sorex palustris navigator (Baird)

1. Catallagia decipiens Rothschild. Tooele Co.: South Willow
Creek Canyon, Stansbury Mts., 6,800 ft.; 7 Oct. 1965, IcT. 2. Corro-
dopsylla curvata obtusata (Wagner). Tooele Co.: Middle Canyon,
Oquirrh Mts., 7,100 ft.; 26 Aug. 1965, IcT, 1 9. 3. Hystrichopsylla
dippiei truncata Holland. Tooele Co.: Ophir Greek, Oquirrh Mts.,
7,000 ft.; 1 Sept. 1966, Id". 4. Megabothris abantis (Rothschild).
Idem.: 31 Aug. 1966, Icf. 1 Sept. 1966, 1 $ . 5. Peromyscopsylla
selenis (Rothschild). Idem. : 31 Aug. 1966, IcT.

Stark (1958) Hsted C. c. curvata from Sorex sp.; Bear Lake,
Rich Co. All fleas recovered from water shrews, except C. c. obtu-
sata, represent strays from Peromyscus maniculatus and Microtus
longicaudus, both of which are commonly associated with water
shrews.

1. Ecology and Epizoology Research, University of Utah, Dugway, Utah. 84022.

71

The Great Basin Naturalist

72 HAROLD J. EGoscuE Vol. XXVI, Nos. 3-4

Perognathus longimembris gulosus Hall

Meringis parked Jordan. Tooele Co.: N base Little Granite Mt.,
4,700 ft; 24 Oct. 19b2, 1 9.

Stark {op. cit.) and Parker and Howell {op. cit.) listed no rec-
orxls from little pocket mice. Dipodomys ordii and D. microps are
the normal hosts of M. parkeri in western Utah.

Perognathus parvus olivaceus Merriam

Meringis hubbardi Kohls. Tooele Co.: Indian Springs, W side
Simpson Mt, 6,500 ft; 13 May 1964, 1 d', 2 5 . Lookout Pass, S end
Onaqui Mts., 6,300 ft; 29 Apr. - 19 May 1965, 6cr, 19$. South
Willow Creek Canyon, Stansbury Mts., 25 June 1965, Icf, 29.
Box Elder Co.: Birch Creek Canyon, Vipont Mts., 7,500 ft.; 30
June 1963, 3 9 .

In western Utah, the range of M. hubbardi appears to coincide
very closely with the distribution of its principal host, the Great
Basin pocket mouse. In my experience, it is found only as a stray
on other small mammals associated with this pocket mouse.

Perognathus formosus incolatus Hall

Meringis dipodomys Kohls. Tooele Co.: Little Granite Mt.,
4,800 ft; 6 Nov. 1963, Id'.

This species of flea is normally found on kangaroo rats. Fleas
are not common on long-tailed pocket mice in western Utah.

Microdipodops megacephalus leucotis Hall and Durrant

Meringis parkeri Jordan. Tooele Co.: N base little Granite

Mt, 4,700 ft; 5 Sept 1962, 1 9 ; Oct 1962, 29 .

These were the only fleas recorded from more than 200 dark
kangaroo mice collected over a period of several years in western
Utah.

Reithrodontomys megalotis megalotis (Baird)

Rhadinopsylla sectilis (J. & R.). Tooele Co.: Indian Springs,
W side Simpson Mt, 6,500 ft; 22 Apr. 1965, 1 9 .

rhe western harvest mouse may not be one of the normal hosts
of this flea. It was collected more frequently from deer mice than
from other small mammals in Tooele County.

Peromyscus maniculatus sonoriensis (Le Conte)

1. Catallagia decipiens Rothschild. Tooele Co.: Indian Springs,
W side Simpson Mt, 6,500 ft; 12-14 May 1964, 2d', 49. Idem.:
22 Apr. 1965, 1 9 . South Willow Creek Canyon, Stansbury Mts.,
6.800 ft.; 7 Oct 1965, Id". Box Elder Co.: Birch Creek Canyon,
Vipont Mts., 7,100 ft; 30 June 1963, 1 9. Millard Co.: Swasey
Springs, House Range, 6,900 ft.; 19 July 1964, Id". 2. Hystrichop-

Dec. 31, 1966 host-flea associations from utah 73

sylLa linsdalei Holland. Tooele Co.: Indian Sj)rings. W side Simp-
son Mt., 6,50(3 ft; 23 Apr. 1965, IcT. Beaver Co.: E base Indian
Peak, 6.900 ft.; 16 Sept. 1963, 2d. 2?. 3. Malaraeus euphorbi
(Rothschild). Tooele Co.: Indian Springs, W side Simpson Ml.,
6.500 ft.; 22 Apr. 1965. 1 9 . 4. Menngis huhhardi Kohls. Tooele
Co. Indian Springs, W side Simpson Mt., 6.500 ft.; 12 May 1964,
1 9 . Lookout Pass S end Onaqui Mts., 6.300 ft.; 19 May 1965, 1 9 .
Bo.K Elder Co.: Birch Creek Canyon. Vipont Mts., 7,500 ft.; 30
June 1963. 2 9.5. Rhadinopsylla sectilis (J. & R.). Tooele Co.:
Indian Springs. W side Simpson Mt.; 12 May 1964, 2 9 . Apr. 1965,
Icf. 1 9.

So many different species of fleas are found commonly on deer
mice, it sometimes becomes difficult to decide which are strays.
With the exception of R. sectilis, none of the above species have
been found on deer mice collected in desert situations. I have col-
lected as many as 7 species of fleas from a single deer mouse.

Clethrionomys gapperi uintaensis Doutt

Megabothris abantis (Rothschild). Uintah Co.: North Fork of
Ashley Creek. Uintah Mts., 10,160 ft.; 26 Aug. 1962, Icf.

Microtus longicaudus latus Hall

1. Catallagia decipiens Rothschild. Tooele Co.: South Willow
Creek Canyon, Stansbury Mts., 6.800 ft.; 25 June 1965. 3cr, 29 ;
7 Oct. 1965, Id". 2. Epitedia stanfordi Traub. Idem: 7 Oct. 1965,
IcT. 3. Ilystrichopsylla dippiei truncata Holland. Tooele County.:
Middle Canyon. Oquirrh Mts.. 7,100 ft.; 25-26 Aug. 1965, IcT, 1 9.
South Willow Creek Canyon, Stansbury Mts., 6.800 ft.; 25 June
1965. 1 9 . 4. //. linsdalei Holland. Be.wer Co.: E base Indian Peak,
Needles Range. 6.900 ft.; 16 Sept. 1963, 3 9.5 Malaraeus telchinurn
(Rothschild). Idem: 16 Sept. 1963. 5cf , 15 9 .6. Megabothris aban-
tis (Rothschild). Tooele Co.: Middle Canyon, Oquirrh Mts.. 7,100
ft.; 25-26 Aug. 1965, 3 9 . 7 .Meringis hubbardi Kohls. Tooele Co.:
South Willow Creek Canyon, Stansbury Mts., 6,800 ft.; 25 June
1965. 19.8. Monopsyllus eumolpi (Rothschild). Idem: 25 June
1965, IcT. 9. M. wagneri (Baker). Tooele Co.: Indian Springs, W
side Simpson Mt., 6,250 ft.; 23 Apr. 1965, 3 9 . South Willow Creek
Canyon. Stansbury Mts.; 25 June 1965, 3cr, 59. Middle Canyon,
Oquirrh Mts.. 7.100 ft.; 26 Aug. 1965, l9. 10. Peromyscopsylla
selenis (Rothschild). Tooele Co.: South Willow Creek Canyon,
Stansbury Mt.; 25 June 1965, 26", 49 ; 6.800 ft.; 7 Oct. 1965, 5 9 .
Vernon Creek. Sheeprock Mts.. 6.500 ft.; 24 July 1964. 1 9 . Middle
Canyon, Oquirrh Mts., 7,100 ft.; 25-26 Aug. 1965, 39.

P, selenis in combination with //. d. truncata and C. decipiens
were the principal fleas infesting long-tailed voles in the higher
mountains of the Bonneville Basin. These were replaced on long-tailed
voles in the drier areas by M. telchinurn and //. linsdalei. To date,

The Great Basin Naturalist

74 HAROLD J. EGOscuE Vol. XXVI, Nos. 3-4

these two species of H ystrichopsylla have not been found together
at any western Utah locahty.

Microtus pennsylvanicus pullatus Anderson

H ystrichopsylla linsdalei Holland. Tooele Co.: 3 mi. N Mills
Junction, Tooele Valley, 4,225 ft.; 4 Feb. 1962, 1 9 .

Microtus richarsorti myllodontus Rasmussen & Chamberlain.

Megabothris abantis (Rothschild). Uintah Co.: North Fork of
Ashley Creek, 1.2 mi. E of flacking Lake, Uintah Mts., 10,160 ft.;
26 Aug. 1962, 3cr.

Lagurus curtatus intermcdius (Taylor)

1. Amphipsylla sibirica ssp. Tooele Co.: Indian Springs, W side
Simpson Mt., 6.500 ft.; 13 May 1964, 1 9 . Lookout Pass, S end
Onaqui Mts., 6,250 ft.; 20 Apr. 1965, 2$. E side Lookout Pass, S
end Onaqui Mts., 5,600 ft.; 4 May 1966, IcT. 2. Malaraeus telchi-
num (Rothschild). Tooele Co.: Lookout Pass, S end Onaqui Mts.,
6,250 ft.; 18 May 1965, 1 9 . 3. Meringis hubbardi Kohls. Idem.:
6,300 ft.; 18 May 1965, 1 9.

These are the first published records of fleas from sagebrush
voles from Utah, and the first time the genus Amphypsylla has
been recorded in the state. The specimens very closely resemble the
published description of A. s. washingtona Hubbard (1954) de-
scribed from material collected on sagebrush voles in eastern Wash-
ington. At Indian Springs, Lagurus were collected in a canyon bot-
tom, along a small permanent stream where the principal plants
were big sagebrush, Artemesia tridentata, and big rabbitbiiish.
Chrysothornnus nauseosus. Localities on Lookout Pass were more
xeric in aspect, and the soil was shallower and boulder-strewn.

Zapus princeps utahensis Hall

1. Catallagia decipiens Rothschild. Tooele Co.: Middle Canyon,
Oquirrh Mts., 7,100 ft.; 26 Aug. 1965, 2 9.2. Megabothris abantis
(Rothschild). Idem: 26 Aug. 1965. 'id- 69 . 3. Monopsyllus ciliatus
kincaidi Hubbard. Idem: 26 Aug. 1965. IcT-

These are the first fleas recorded from the western jumping
mouse from western Utah. The occurrence of M. c. kincaidi in the
Oquirrh Mountains is interesting in that it places this flea in a lo-
calitv outside the range of one of its normal hosts. Tamiasciunis'
(Stark. 1958; Hubbard, 1947). However, at least 2 species of chi]>
munks occur in the Oquirrh Mountains, both of which are recorded
as frecjuent hosts of M. c. kincaidi from places whei^e chickarees and
chipmunks occur together (Stark, op. cit.).

Mustela erminea muricas (Bangs)

Monopsyllus wagneri (Baker). Tooele Co.: South Willow
Creek Canyon, Stansbury Mts., 7,500 ft.; 27 Sept. 1966. 5d". 29 .

Dec. 31, 1966 host-flea associations from utah 75

Ermines and other weasels are regularly infested with fleas
from their prey, a large percentage of which consists of rodents.

Literature Cited

Hai.l. E. R.. and K. R. Kelson. 1959. The mammals of North America. 2
vols. The Ronald Press, New York. 1083 pp.

Hubbard. C. A. 1947. Fleas of western North America. The Iowa State Col-
lege" Press. Ames. 533 pp.

— . 1954. My last new North American fleas. Ent. News. 65:169-175.

Johnson, P. T. 1961. A revision of the species of Monopsyllus Kolenati in
North America (Siphonaptera. Ceratophyllidae). Tech. Bull. No. 1227, Agri.
Res. Service. U.S.D.A.. Washington, D. C. 69 pp.

Parker, D. D., and J. ¥. Howell. 1959. Host-flea relationships in the Great
Salt Lake Desert. Jour. Parasit., 45:597-604.

Stark, H. E. 1958. The Siphonaptera of Utah. U. S. Dept. Health, Education
and Welfare, Communicable Disease Center, Atlanta, Ga. 239 pp.

SIPHON APTERA (FLEAS) OF MESA VERDE NATIONAL
PARK, MONTEZUMA, COLORADO

D Elden Becki

Mr. Charles L. Douglas- submitted a collection of parasitic ar-
thropods to me for determination in 1963, when he held the position
of biologist for the Wetherill Mesa Archeological Project.' I'his
report refers to the Siphonaptera collected from smaller mammals he
trapped as a part of a larger study he was conducting in cooperation
with the National Park Service at Mesa Verde National Park. An
examination of the flea fauna proved to be very interesting, and
Mr. Douglas has granted me the privilege of publishing the list of
fleas, including comments on occurrence and distribulion.

Collections were made between elevations of approximately 6,800
and 8,000 feet above sea level at several geographic locations. The
predominant plant cover at Mesa Verde National Park is pinyon-
juniper woodland.

Fourteen species of fleas were collected. The host animals were
the deer mouse, Peromyscus maniculatus, the pinyon mouse, Pero-
myscus truei, and the Colorado chipmunk, Eutamias quadrivitattus.
Most of the fleas were from the mice with but a minor series from
the chipmunk. One is impressed by the number of species of fleas
taken from the three host species in the somewhat restricted geo-
graphical area.

A list of species of fleas identified are tabulated below. Beneath
each host the species of flea parasites are listed.

Peromyscus maniculatus Peromyscus truei

Eutamias quadrivitattus

Callistopsyllus deuterus
Catallagia decipiens
Epitedia stanfordi
Malaraeus sinomus
Malaraeus telchinum
Megarthroglossus procus

Monopsyllus wagneri
wagneri

Orchopeas leucopus

Epitedia stanfordi
Malaraeus sinomus
Malaraeus telchinum
Megarthroglossus procus

Monopsyllus wagneri
wagneri
Orchopeas leucopus

Epitedia stanfordi
Malaraeus sinomus
Malaraeus telchinum
Megaroglossus procus
Monopsyllus eumolpi
eumolpi
Monopsyllus wagneri
wagneri

1. Brigham Young University, Department of Zoology and Elntomology, Prove, Utah.

2. Curator of Natural History, Texas Memorial Museum, Austin, Texas.

3. Project support from the Wetherill Mesa Project, National Park Service, Department of the
Interior.

76

Dec. 31, 1966 siphon aptera mesa verde nat'l park 11

Peromyscopsylla hesper- PeromyscopsyUa hesper- Perornyscopsylla hesper-
oniys adclpha omys adelpha omys adelpha

Phalacropsylla alios
Rhadinopsylla sectilis
goodi
Steriislornera niacrodac-
tyla

Stenoponia (ponera or Stenoponia (ponera or

americana) americana)

Of ihe fourteen species listed, six are found on ihe three hosts.
Two species have been taken from both species of Peromyscus, with
tln^ee only collected from P. rnanicidatus. Monopsyllus euniolpi
eurnolpi was the only species apparently restricted to the chipmunk,
with Phalacropsylla alios and Rhadinopsylla sectilis goodi confined
to the pinyon mouse.

Of total numbers of fleas collected there were 81 Monopsyllus
iragneri wagneri and 75 Peromyscopsylla hesperomys adelpha. Next
in abundance was Epitedia stanfordi with 53 specimens. These were
followed by 15 Malaraeus sinomus, 14 Megarthroglossus procus, 10
Phalacropsylla alios, and 6 Orchopeas leucopus. Other species col-
lected were either as single specimens or from two to five specimens
of each species.

In a recent study of fleas of the Nevada Test Site (Beck & Allred,
1966), a number of species listed for that area have been found in
this study. Although the Nevada study was mainly in desert low-
land, the species listed from there and those also found at the Mesa
Verde location are generally similar in geographical distribution.
The Nevada specimens were collected either in foothills or at higher
elevations on mesas and low desert mountains. A brief review of
Hubbard's study (1947) and that by Beck (1955), and more re-
cently by Stark (1958), reveals for the most prart, that the fleas
taken at Mesa Verde National Park by Douglas are those character-
istic of elevations of about 5,000 feet above sea le^^el or higher. This
would have special reference, of course, to such states as Arizona,
New Mexico, Colorado. Utah, Nevada, Idaho, and perhaps parts of
Wyoming.

Of significant interest to the writer was the encounter with speci-
mens of the genus Stenoponia. At this writing it is difficult to make
a firm, specific identification. The specimens show characteristics
of both species as described in the literature; namely, S. ponera and
S. americana.

In more than fifteen years of concentrated collecting by survey
parties sent out from the Zoology and Entomology Department,
Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, no specimens of the inter-
esting genus Stenoponia have been encountered in either Utah or
Nevada. In Utah especially, collecting has been done at all eleva-
tions in varying ecological environments. It is strange that Steno-
ponia has not broken the desert plateau barrier to the west. It would

The Great Basin Naturalist
78 D ELDEN BECK Vol. XXVI, Nos. 3-4

be interesting to find out if careful collecting toward the north of
Mesa Verde National Park would provide duplicate collections in
kind of species. The southw^est corner of Colorado has vast pinyon-
juniper woodlands extending along the border of Utah, and there is
a continuous belt of growth out of Colorado to the foothills of the
La Sal Mountains near Utah.

References Used

Beck, D E. 1955. Distributional studies of parasitic arthropods in Utah, de-
termined as actual and potential vectors of Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
and plague, with notes on vector-host relationships. Brigham Young Univ.
Sci. Bull., Biol. Ser., Vol. I, No. 1.

Beck, D E., and D. M. Allred. 1966. Siphonaptera (Fleas) of the Nevada
Test Site. Brigham Young Univ. Sci. Bull., Biol. Ser., Vol. VII, No. 2.

Hopkins, G. H. E., and M. Rothschild. 1962. An illustrated catalog of the
Rothschild collection of fleas in the British Museum. Vol. II. The Univer-
sity Press, Cambridge, England.

riuBB.\RD. C. A. 1947. Fleas of western North America. Iowa State College
Press, Ames, Iowa.

Stark, H. E. 1958. The Siphonaptera of Utah. U. S. Dept. of Health, Educa-
tion and Welfare: Public Health Ser-vice, Bureau of State Services Commu-
nicable Disease Center, Atlanta. Georgia.

REFERENCES ON NEVADA TEST SITE
ECOLOGICAL RESEARCH

Vincent Schultz^

The following references came to my attention while I was as-
sociated with the U. S. Atomic Energy Commission. The list has
been restricted to research conducted on the area since the establish-
ment of the Nevada Test Site. It includes papers resulting in their
entirety from such efforts as well as papers covering a much broader
geographical area but including data from the site.

-Many current reports of the U. S. Atomic Energy Commission
and its associates will probably appear in the open literature at some
future date.

The assistance of D. M. Allred, W. E. Martin, W. A. Rhoads,
\V. II. Rickard, L. M. Shields and their associates in checking an
earlier version of the list is gratefully acknowledged.

References

Allred, D. M. 1963. Mites from pocket mice at the Nevada Test Site. (Aca-

rina). Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. 65(3) :231-233.
. 1963. Mites on grasshopper mice at the Nevada atomic test site. Great

Basin Nat. 22(4): 101-104.
. 1963. Mites on squirrels at the Nevada atomic test site. J. Parasitol.

48(6):817.
. 1965. Note of phalangids at the Nevada Test Site. Great Basin Nat.

25(l-2):37-38.
Allred, D. M., and D E. Beck. 1962. Ecological distribution of mites on

lizards at the Nevada atomic test site. Herpetologica 18(1):47-51.
. AND . 1963. Comparative ecological studies of animals at the

Nevada Test Site. In: Radioecology . (V. Schultz and A. W. Klement, Jr.,

eds.) Reinhold Publ. Corp., N. Y., N. Y. pp. 327-331.
, AND . 1965. Ecological distribution of some rodents at the Ne-
vada atomic test site. Ecology 44(1): 211-214.
, AND . 1963. Range of movement and dispersal of some rodents

of the Nevada atomic test site. J. Mammal. 44(2) : 190-200.
, AND -. 1964. Arthropod associates of plants at the Nevada Test

Site. Brigham Young Univ. Sci. Bull.. Biol. Ser. 5(2): 1-16.
-.AND . 1964 Mites on reptiles at the Nevada atomic test site. Trans.

Am. Micro. Soc. 83(2) :266-268.
Allred. D. M. and M. A Goates. 1964. Mites from mammals at the Nevada

nuclear test site. Great Basin Nat. 24(2): 71 -73.
, AND . 1964. Mites from wood rats at the Nevada Test Site.

J. Parasitol. 50(1): 171.
Allred, D. M. and S. Mulaik. 1965. Two isopods of the Nevada Test Site.

Great Basin Nat. 25(1-2) :43-47.
Allred. D. M.. D E. Beck, and C. D. Jorgensen. 1966. A summary of the

ecological effects of nuclear testing on native animals at the Nevada Test Site.

Proc. Utah Acad. Sci., Arts, and Letters 43:252-260.
, , AND . 1963. Biotic communities of the Nevada Test Site.

Brigham Young Univ. Sci. Bull.. Biol. Ser. 2(2): 1-52; 1 map.
■. , AND . 1963. Close-in effects of an underground nuclear

detonation on small mammals and selected invertebrates (Project SEDAN).

I. Depiiiliuent of /oology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington W\h^.

79

The Great Basin Naturalist

80 VINCENT scHULTz Vol. XXVI, Nos. 3-4

U. S. AEC Report PNE-226P. IV, 19 pp. (Final report: 1964, PNE 226F.
IV, 18 pp.)

AND . 1963. Nevada Test Site study areas and specimen

depositories. Brigham Young Univ. Sci. Bull., Biol. Ser. 2(4): 1-15.
Allred, D. M., D E. Beck, and J. R. Murdock. 1960. Comparative ecological

studies of animals exposed to nuclear detonation. Proc. Utah Acad. Sci., Arts,

and Letters 37:152-153.
Allred, D. M.. D. E. Johnson, and D E. Beck. 1965. A list of some bee flies

of the Nevada Test Site. Great Basin Nat. 25(1-2): 5-11.
Anderson, A. O., and D. M. Allred. 1964. Kangaroo rat burrows at the

Nevada Test Site. Great Basin Nat. 24(3-4) :93-101.
Barnum, a. H. 1964. Orthoptera of the Nevada Test Site. Brigham Young

Univ. Sci. Bull., Biol. Ser. 4(3): 1-134; 1 map.
Beatley, J. C. 1962. Vascular plants of the U. S. Atomic Energy Commission's

Nevada Test Site, Nye County, Nevada. Univ. of Calif, at Los Angeles, U. S.

AEC Report UCLA-508. 33 pp.
. 1963. Annual vegetation of the northern Mojave Desert, (abstr.) Bull.

Ecol. Soc. Am. 44(4) : 122-123.
. 1963. Vegetation and environments of the Nevada Test Site, (abstr.)

Bull. Ecol. Soc. Am. 44(4): 123.
. 1964. Ecological status of introduced species at the Nevada Test Site.

(abstr.) Bull. Ecol. Soc. Am. 45(3): 78.
. 1964. Effects on desert vegetation of a nuclear detonation, Nevada Test

Site, (abstr.) Bull. Ecol. Soc. Am. 45(3):80.

. 1964. The vascular flora of the Nevada Test Site, Nye County, Nevada.

(abstr.) Am. J. Botany 51(6):687.
. 1965. Ecology of the Nevada Test Site. I. Geographic and ecologic

distributions of the vascular flora (annotated check list). Univ. of Calif, at

Los Angeles, U. S. AEC Report UCLA 12-553. 69 pp.
. 1965. Ecology of the Nevada Test Site. II. Status of introduced species.

Univ. of Calif, at Los Angeles, U. S. AEC Report UCLA 12-554. 39 pp.

J. C. 1965. Ecology of the Nevada Test Site. III. Sui-vival of winter

annuals, 1963-64. Univ. of Calif, at Los Angeles, U. S. AEC Report UCLA
12-555. 21 pp.

— . 1965. Ecology of the Nevada Test Site. IV. Effects of the Sedan detona-
tion on desert shrub vegetation in northeastern Yucca Flat. 1962-65. Univ. of
Calif, at Los Angeles, U. S. AEC Report UCLA 12-571. 55 pp.

. 1965. Survival of winter annuals in the northern Mojave Desert.

(abstr.) Bull. Ecol. Soc. Am. 46(2) :40.

1965. Effects of radioactive and nonradioactive dust upon Larrea

divaricata Cav., Nevada Test Site. In: Radiation and Terrestrial Ecosystems.

(Hungate, F. P., ed.) Health Physics 1 1 (12) : 1621-1625.
Beck, D E., and D. M. Allred. 1966. Siphonaptera (fleas) of the Nevada

Test Site. Brigham Young Univ. Sci. Bull., Biol. Ser., 7(2): 1-27.
, and . 1966. Tingidae, Neididae (Berytidae) and Pentatmoidae

of the Nevada Test Site. Great Basin Nat. 26(1-2) :9-16.
Beck, D E., D. M. Allred, and E. P. Brinton. 1963. Ticks of the Nevada

Test Site. Brigham Young Univ. Sci. Bull., Biol. Ser. 4(1): 1-11; 1 map.
Beck, D E., D. M. Allred, J. R. Murdock, C. D. Jorgensen, C. L. Hayward, and

W. W. Tanner. 1964. Nevada Test Site desert ecology. Proc. Utah Acad.

Sci., Arts, and Letters 41 (2) : 202-209.
Brandenburg, M. K., H. L. Mills, W. H. Rickard, and L. M. Shields. 1962.

Effects of acute gamma radiation on growth and morphology in Pinus mono-

phylla Torr. and Frem. (pinyon pine). Radiation Botany 2(3-4) : 25 1-263.
Bkennan, J. M. 1965. Five new chiggers from southwestern United States

(Acarina: Trombiculidae). J. Parasitol. 51 (1): 108-113.
Brinton. E. P., D E. Beck, and D. M. Allred. 1965. Identification of the

adults, nymphs and larvae of ticks of genus Dermacentor Koch (Ixodidae) in

the western United States. Brigham Young Univ. Sci. Bull., Biol. Ser. 5(4):

1-44.
Chamberlin, R. V. 1962. Millipeds from the Nevada test area. Proc. Biol. Soc.

Wash. 75:53-56.

Dec. 31, 1966 references on Nevada test site 81

— : 1962. New records and species of chilopods from Nevada and Oregon.

Entomol. News 73(5) : 134-1 38.
. 1963. A new genus in the chilopod family Tanpiyidae. Proc. Biol. Soc.

Wash. 76:33-36.

1965. A new genus and species in the chilopod family Tampiyidae.

Great Basin Nat. 25(1-2) : 39-42.

Cole, A. C. 1963. A new species of Veromessor Forel from the Nevada Test
Site and notes on related species (Hymnoptera: Formicidae). Ann. Entomol.
Soc. Am. 56(5): 678-682.

. 1965. Discover}' of the worker caste of Pheidole (P.) inquilina, new

combination (HjTnenopteia: Formicidae). Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 58(2):
173-175.

Cole, A. C, Jr. 1966. Ants of the Nevada Test Site. Brigham Young Univ.
Sci. Bull., Biol. Ser. 7(3): 1-27.

Drouet. F. 1959. Algal flora of the Nevada Test Site, (abstr.) J. Colorado-
Wyoming Acad. Sci. 4(11):31.

Durrell, L. W., .-^nd L. M. Shields. 1960. Fungi isolated in culture from
soils of the Nevada Test Site. Mycologia 52(4) : 636-641.

, .\ND . 1961. Characteristics of soil algae relating to crust forma-
tion. Trans. Am. Micro. Soc. 80(1): 73-79.

French, N. R. 1963. The source of ingested radioactivity in desert rodents,
(abstr.) Bull. Ecol. Soc. Am. 44(3): 74.

. 1963. Fallout and natural populations. In: Proc. FLrst Intern. Conf. on

Wildlife Disease. High View, New York, June 24-27, 1962. Wildlife Disease
Assoc, pp. 152-156. (micro card).

. 1964. A radiation facility for ecological studies at the AEC Nevada

Test Site, (abstr.) Bull. Ecol. Soc. Am. 45 (3): 79.

-. 1964. Analysis of dispersal in desert rodents, (abstr.) Bull. Ecol. Soc.

Am. 45(3):115.

. 1964. Description of a study of ecological effects on a desert area from

chronic e.xposure to low level ionizing radiation. Univ. of Calif, at Los Ange-
les, U. S^ AEC Report UCLA 12-532. 27 pp., 15 figures.

. 1965. Mortality and fertility in a desert population of pocket mice.

(abstr.) Bull. Ecol. Soc. Am. 46(3): 122.

1965. Radiation and animal populations: problems, progress and pro-

jections. In: Radiation and Terrestrial Ecosystems. (Hungate, F. P., ed.)

Health Physics 1 1 (12) : 1557-1568.
French, N. 1966. Irradiated desert rodent populations. In: Radiation Effects on

Natural Populations. (Sacher, G. A., ed.). Div. of Biological and Medical

Research, Argonne National Lab., Lemont, 111. p. 22.
French. N. R., .\nd K. H. L\rson. 1963. Environmental pathways of radio-
active iodine from nuclear tests in arid regions. In: Radioecology. (V. Schultz

and A. W. Klement, Jr., eds.). Reinhold Publ. Corp., N. Y., N. Y. pp.

77-81. (Also: Univ. of Calif, at Los Angeles, U. S. AEC Report UCLA-499).
French, N. R., B. G. Maza, and A. P. Aschwanden. 1965. Duration of life in

confined p>opulations of desert rodents, (abstr.) Bull. Ecol. Soc. Am. 46(2) :40.
Furman, D. p.. and F. J. Radovsky. 1963. A new species of Ornithonyssus

from the white-tailed antelope squirrel, with a re-diagnosis of the genus

Ornithonyssus (Acarina: Dermanyssidae). Pan-Pacific Entomologist 39(2):

75-79.
Garcia. P. L. 1960. The influence of Larrea divaricata and Atriplex canescens

on soil pH, electrical conductivity and soluble sodium content. Master's

Thesis. New Mexico Highlands Univ., Las Vegas, New Mexico, vii, 63 pp.
Gertsch, W. J., and D. M. Allred. 1965. Scorpions of the Nevada Test Site.

Brigham Young Univ. Sci. Bull.. Biol. Ser. 6(4): 1-15.
GoATEs, M. A. 1963. Mites on kangaroo rats at the Nevada Test Site Brigham

Young Univ. Sci. Bull.. Biol. Ser. 3(4): 1-12; 2 maps.
Haley, T. J., R. G. Lindberg, A. M. Fiesher, K. Raymond, W. McKibben, and

P. Hayden. 1960. Response of the kangaroo rat (Dipodomys merriami

Mearns) to single wholeboflv x-irradiation. Radiation Research 12(1 J : 103-11 1 .

(Also: Univ. of Calif, at Los Angeles. U. S. APLC Report UCIA-440).
Hall, W. P., III. 1965. Microclimatic factors, (abstr.) Bull. Ecol. Soc. Am.

46 (2): 50.

The Great Basin Naturalist

82 VINCENT scHULTz Vol. XXVI, Nos. 3-4

Harvey, R. A. 1965. Assessment of radiation effects of desert shrubs, (abstr.)

Bull. Ecol. Soc. Am. 46(2): 50.
Hayward, C. L., M. L. Killpack, and G. Richards. 1963. Birds of the Nevada

Test Site, Nye County, Nevada. Brigham Young Univ. Sci. Bull., Biol. Ser.

3(1): 1-27; 1 map.
Herrin, C. S., and D E. Beck. 1965. Observations on the biology, anatomy,

and morphology of Otobius lagophilus Cooley and Kohls. Brigham Young

Univ. Sci. Bull., Biol. Ser. 6(2): 1-19.
Hill, H. O. 1965. Composition of the shrub community, (abstr.) Bull. Ecol.

Soc. Am. 46(2): 50.
JoRGENSEN, C. D. 1962. Disturbance of mammal traps by jack rabbits. Great

Basin Nat. 22(1-3) : 83-86.
. 1963. Spacial and time distribution of Dipodomys microps occidentalis

Haldeman. (Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae). Pan-Pacific Entomologist 39(3): 154-

156.

— . 1963. Spacial and time distribution of Dipodomys microps occidentalis

Hall and Dale within distinct plant communities. Ecology 44(1 ): 183-187.

JoRGENSEN, C. D., AND C. L. Hayw^ard. 1963. Notes on shrews from southern
Nevada. J. Mammal. 44(4): 582.

, and . 1965. Mammals of the Nevada Test Site. Brigham Young

Univ. Sci. Bull., Biol. Ser. 6(3): 1-81.

JoRGENSEN, C. D., AND A. M. Orton. 1962. Note of lizards feeding on oatmeal
bait. Herpetologica 17(4): 278.

JoRGENSEN, C. D., AND W. W. Tanner. 1963. The application of the density
probability function to determine the home ranges of Uta stansburiana and
Cnemidophorus tigris. Herpetologica 19(2) : 105-115.

Jorgensen, C. D., D. M. Allred, and D E. Beck. 1963. Some effects of an
underground nuclear detonation on biotic communities at the Nevada Test
Site. Proc. Utah Acad. Sci., Arts, and Letters 40(1) :49-61.

Jorgensen, C. D., A. M. Orton, and W. W. Tanner. 1963. Voice of the
leopard lizard, Crotaphytus wislizeni Baird and Girard. Proc. Utah Acad.
Sci., Arts, and Letters 40(1): 15-16.

Killpack, M. L., and M. A. Goates. 1963. Bat captured in snap trap. J.
Mammal. 44(1 ): 125-126.

Larson, K. H., and J. W. Neel. 1959. Findings related to the testing program
at Nevada Test Site. In: Fallout from Nuclear Weapons Tests. Joint Com-
mittee on Atomic Energy, Congress of the United States 3:2006-2020. (Also:
Univ. of Calif, at Los Angeles, U. S. AEC Report UCLA-438).

Larson, K. H., H. A. Hawthorne, and J. H. Olafson. 1962. Nevada Test
Site fallout: some characteristics, its apparent environmental equilibrium and
biological availability. In: Radioactive Fallout from Nuclear Weapons Tests.
(A. W. Klement, Jr., ed.) U. S. AEC Report TID-7632. Book 1, pp. 4-24.

Larson, K. H., J. H. Olafson, H. M. Mork. and D. R. Howton. 1952. Field
observations and preliminary field data obtained by the UCLA survey group,
Operation Jangle, Nov. 1951. Univ. of Calif, at Los Angeles, U. S. AEC
Report UCLA- 182. 29 pp.

Leitch, J. L. 1951. Summary of the radiological findings in animals from the
biological surveys of 1947, 1948, 1949, and 1950. Univ. of Calif, at Los An-
geles. U. S. AEC Report UCLA-Ill. 30 pp.

Lindberg, R. G. 1959. Factors influencing the biological consequences of en-
vironmental contamination by nuclear debris. Proc. of the Second Plowshare
Symposium, May 13-15, 1959. San Francisco, California. Part II. Excavation.
Univ. of Calif., Livermore, Plowshare Series Report 2, U. S. AEC Report
UCRL-5675. pp. 42-59.

Lindberg, R. G., and K. H. Larson. 1956. The short-term biological fate and
persistence of radioactive fallout as measured at various locations within fall-
out patterns. In: The Shorter- Term Biological Hazards of a Fallout Field.
(G. M. Dunning and J. A. Hilchen, eds.) U. S. AEC and Department of
Defense. U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington, pp. 197-204

Lindberg, R. G., E. M. Romney, J. H. Olafson, and K. H. Larson. 1959. The
factors influencing the biological fate and persistence of fallout (Operation

Dec. 31, 1966 references on Nevada test site 83

Teapot). Univ. of Calif, at Los Angeles, U. S. AEC Weapons Test Report
WT-11 77. 78 pp.

LiNDBEHG, R. G., J. T. SCANLAN. J. C. WaTSON, W. A. RhOADS, AND K. H. LaRSON.

1954, Environmental and biological fate of fallout from nuclear detonations
in areas adjacent to the Nevada Proving Grounds, Operation Upshot-Knothole
Univ. of Calif, at Los Angeles, U. S. AEC Weapons Test Report WT-812.
49 pp.

Lucas, A. C, and N. R. French. 1966. A miniature thermoluminescent dosi-
meter and its application. Proc. Intern. Conf. on Luminescence Dosimetry.
Held in June 1965, Stanford Univ., Stanford, Calif. (In press.)

Martin, W. E. 1962. Applications of fundamental biology to the needs of man.
4. Radioecolog>- and the study of environmental radiation. Univ. of Calif,
at Los Angeles. U. S. AEC Report TID-16060. 70 pp.

. 1962. Immediate effects of a nuclear detonation on desert vegetation.

(abstr.) Bull. Ecol. Soc. Am. 43(4) : 123-124.

. 1963. Close-in effects of an underground nuclear detonation on vegeta-
tion. I. Immediate effects of cratering, throw-out, and blast (Project SEDAN).
U. S. AEC Report PNE-228P. 41 pp. (Final report 228F, in press.).

. 1963. Notes on the deposition of fallout in relation to topography and

local meteorological conditions. Univ. of Calif, at Los Angeles, U. S. AEC
Report UCLA-513. 16 pp.

. 1963. Loss of U^i from fallout-contaminated vegetation. Health Physics

9(12): 1141-1148.

. 1964. Radioecolog>' and the study of environmental radiation. Bull.

Torrey Bot. Club 91 (4) :283-323.

. 1964. Losses of Sr^o and ^^, and U^^ from fallout-contaminated plants.

Radiation Botany 4(3) :275-284.

. 1965. Radiation facilities and objectives, (abstr.) Bull. Ecol. Soc. Am.

46(2) :39.

1965. Early food-chain kinetics of radionuclides following close-in fall

out from a single nuclear detonation. In: Radioactive Fallout from Nuclear
Weap>ons Tests. (Klement, A. W., Jr., ed.) U. S. AEC Symposium Series
No. 5. pp. 758-782.

— . 1965. Interception and retention of radioactive fallout by desert shrubs
in the Sedan fallout field. U. S. AEC Report PNE-238F. 40 pp.
— . 1965. Interception and retention of fallout by desert shrubs. In: Radia-
tion and Terrestrial Ecosystems. (Hungate, F. P., ed.) Health Physics 11(12):
1341-1354.

1966. Close-in effects of nuclear excavation and radiation on desert

vegetation. In: Radiation Effects on Natural Populations. (Sacher, G. A., ed.)

Div. of Biological and Medical Research, Argonne National Lab., Lemont,

111. pp. 7-9.
Martin, W. E.. and F. B. Turner. 1963. Increased environmental radiation in

southern Nevada. October-December. 1961. Univ. of Calif, at Los Angeles,

U. S. AEC Report UCLA-518. 45 pp.
, and . 1965. Food-chain relationships of radiostrontium in the

Sedan fallout field. U. S. AEC Report PNE-237F. iv, 61 pp.

AND . 1966. Transfer of Sr^** from plants to rabbits in a fallout

field. Health Physics 12 (In press).
Mills, H. L., and L. M. Shields. 1961. Root absorption of fission products by

Bromus rubens L. from the AEC Nevada Test Site soil contaminated by an

underground nuclear explosion. Radiation Botany 1(1):84-91.
MuMA, M. H. 1962. The Arachnid Order Solpugida in the United States,

Supplement 1. Amer. Mus. Novitates 2092:1-44.
. 1963. Solpugida of the Nevada Test Site. Brigham Young Univ Sci.

Bull., Biol. Sen 3 (2): 1-1 3; 2 maps.
Neel, J. W., AND K. H. Larson. 1963. Biological availability of strontium-90

to small native animals in fallout patterns from the Nevada Test Site. In:

Radioecology. (V. Schultz and A. W. Klement. Jr., eds.) Reinhold Publ.

Corp., N. Y., N. Y. pp. 45-49. (Also: Univ. of Calif, at Los Angeles, U. S

AEC Report UCLA-500).

The Great Basin Naturtdist

84 VINCENT scHULTz Vol. XXVI, Nos. 3-4

Olafson, J. H., J. W. Neel, C. J. Spiegl, R. H. Wilson, F. G. Lowmak, and
K. H. Larson. 1953. Preliminary study of off-site, air-borne radioactive
materials, Nevada proving grounds, I. Fallout originating from Snapper
6, 7, and 8 at distances of ten to fifty miles from ground zero. Univ. of
Calif, at Los Angeles, U. S. AEC Report UCLA-243. 123 pp.

Raven, P. H. 1964. Polypogon australias Bronga in Nevada. Leaf. West. Bot.
10:117.

Richards, G. 1962. Wintering habits of some birds at the Nevada atomic test
site. Great Basin Nat. 22(1-3) :30-31.

Richards, G. L. 1965. Prairie falcon imitates flight pattern of the loggerhead
shrike. Great Basin Nat. 25(1-2): 48.

RiCKARD, W. H. 1959. Gross vegetation patterns within the Nevada Test Site,
(abstr.) J. Colorado- Wyoming Acad. Sci. 4(11):32.

. 1961. Notes on bird nests found in a desert shrub community following

nuclear detonations. Condor 63(3) : 265-266.

. 1962. Phytosociological analysis in a desert shrub community following

atomic explosions. Hanford Labs., U. S. AEC Report HW-SA-2546. 7 pp.
1963. Vegetational analyses in a creosote bush community and their

radioecologic implications. In: Radioecology . (V. Schultz and A. W. Klement,
Jr., eds.) Reinhold Publ. Corp., N. Y., N. Y. pp. 39-44.

RiCKARD, W. H., AND J. C. Beatley. 1965. Canopy-coverage of the desert shrub
vegetation mosaic of the Nevada Test Site. Ecology 46(4) : 524-529.

RiCKARD, W. H., AND J. R. MuRDOCK. 1963. Soil moisture and temperature sur-
vey of a desert vegetation mosaic. Ecology 44(4) :821-824.

RiCKARD, W. H., AND L. M. SHIELDS. 1963. An early stage in the plant re-
colonization of a nuclear target area. Radiation Botany 3(l):41-44.

Rowland, R. H., and F. B. Turner. 1964. Correlation of the local distributions
of Dipodomys microps and D. merriami and of the annual grass Bromus
rubens. Southwestern Nat. 9(2): 56-61.

Schultz, V. (ed.; comp.). 1961. Off-site ecological research of the Division of
Biology and Medicine - terrestrial and freshwater. U. S. AEC Report TID-
13358. VII, 138 pp.; 1st Revision, V, 122 pp. (1963); 2nd Revision, V, 129 pp.
(1965).

Shields, L. M. 1959. Recovery of vegetation in the vicinity of ground zero
sites, (abstr.) J. Colorado- Wyoming Acad. Sci. 4(11):30-31.

— : 1959. An appraisal of radiation effects on vegetation within the Nevada

Test Site, (abstr.) Proc. IX Intern. Botanical Congr. IIA:33.

Shields, L. M., and F. Drouet. 1962. Distribution of terrestrial algae within
the Nevada Test Site. Am. J. Botany 49(6) : 547-554.

Shields, L. M., and W. H. Rickard. 1960. Recovery of vegetation in the
vicinity of ground zeros at the Nevada Test Site, (abstr.) Bull. Ecol. Soc.
Am. 41 (4): 119.

, AND . 1961. A preliminary evaluation of radiation effects at the

Nevada Test Site. In: Recent Advances in Botany, Univ. of Toronto Press,
Toronto, Canada, pp. 1387-1390.

Shields, L. M., and P. V. Wells. 1962. Effects of nuclear testing on desert
vegetation. Science 135(3497) : 38-40.

, AND . 1963. Recovery of vegetation in the vicinity of atomic

target areas at the Nevada Test Site. In: Radioecology. (V. Schultz and
A. W. Klement. Jr., eds.) Reinhold Publ. Corp., N. Y., N. Y. pp. 307-310.

Shields, L. M., L. W. Durrell, and A. H. Sp.\rrow. 1961. Preliminary ob-
servations of radiosensitivity of algae and fungi in soils from the Nevada
Test Site. Ecology 42(2) : 440-441.

Shields, L. M., P. V. Wells, and W. H. Rickard. 1963. Vegetational recovery
on atomic target areas in Nevada. Ecology 44(4) : 697-705.

Stevenson, E. W. 1965. Soil types, (abstr.) Bull. Ecol. Soc. Am. 46(2): 50.

Tanner, V. M. 1963. A new species of Craniotus (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) .
Great Basin Nat. 23(3-4): 167-1 70.

. 1966. Rhynchophora beetles of the Nevada Test Site. Brigham Young

Univ. Sci. Bull. Ser. 8(2): 1-35.

Tanner, V. M., and W. A. Packham. 1962. Pelecyphorus semilaevis (Horn)
(Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). Great Basin Nat. 22(4): 110-1 13.

Dec. 31, 1966 references on Nevada test site 85

, AND . 1965. Tenebrionidae beetles of the Nevada Test Site.

Brigham Young Univ. Sci. Bull., Biol. Ser. 6(1): 1-44.
Tanner, W. W., and B. H. Banta. 1962. The distribution of Tantilla utahensis

Blanchard. Great Basin Nat. 12(4) : 1 16-1 18.
Tanner, W. W., and C. D. Jorgensen. 1963. Reptiles of the Nevada Test Site.

Brigham Young Univ. Sci. Bull., Biol. Ser. 3(3): 1-31; 1 map.
Towner. J. W. 1965. The effect of radioactive fallout at the Nevada Test Site

on the chromosomes of native populations of the pocket mouse. In: Radiation

and Terrestrial Ecosystems. (Hungate, F. P., ed.) Health Physics 11(12):

1569-1571.
Turner, F. B. 1962. Some influences of an underground nuclear detonation on

close-in populations of whiptailed lizards {Cnemidorphorus tigris) at the

Nevada Test Site, (abstr.) Bull. Ecol. Soc. Am. 43(4): 124.
. 1963. A mathematical model for time-specific relationships of I^^^

between food consumed and the thyroid burden, (abstr.) Bull. Ecol. Soc. Am.

44(3):75.
. 1963. Biotic communities of the Nevada Test Site (a review). Ecology

44(3): 663-664.
. 1963. Influence of a cratering device on close-in populations of lizards

(Project SEDAN). U. S. AEC Report PNE-224F. vi, 35 pp.
. 1963. Quantitative relationships between fallout radioiodine on native

vegetation and in the thyroids of herbivores. Health Physics 9(12): 1241-1246.
. 1965. Uptake of fallout radionuclides by mammals and a stochastic

simulation of the process. In: Radioactive Fallout from Nuclear Weapons

Tests, (Klement, A. W., Jr., ed.). U. S. AEC Symposium Series No. 5,

pp. 800-820.

1966. Growth rate of lizards {Uta stansburiana) exposed to chronic

gamma radiation. In: Radiation Effects of Natural Populations. (Sacher,

G. A., ed.) Div. of Biological and Medical Research, Argonne National Lab.,

Lemont 111. pp. 46-52.
Turner, F. B., and C. S. Gist. 1965. Influence of a thermonuclear cratering

test on close-in populations of lizards. Ecology 46(6): 845-852.
Turner, F. B., and W. E. Martin. 1963. Food-chain relationships of iodine-

131 following two nuclear tests in Nevada (Project SEDAN). U. S. AEC

Report PNE-236. 70 pp. (Final Report: 1964 PNE-236F, pp. 5-54.)
Turner, F. B., G. A. Hoddenb.ach, and J. A. Lannom. 1965. Growth of Uta

stansburiana in four experimental areas at the Nevada Test Site, (abstr.)

Bull. Ecol. Soc. Am. 46(2) :51.
Turner, F. B., G. A. Hoddenbach, and J. R. Lannom, Jr. 1965. Growth of

lizards in natural populations exposed to gamma irradiation. In: Radiation

and Terrestrial Ecosystems. (Hungate, F. P., ed.) Health Physics 11(12):

1585-1593.
Turner, F. B., R. H. Rowland, and R. A. Wood. 1965. Radioactivity in jack

rabbits after the Sedan test of 1962. Univ. of Calif, at Los Angeles, U. S. AEC

Report, UCLA- 12-5 72. 26 pp.
, , and . 1966. Nuclear engineering and wildlife: radio-
activity in jackrabbits after the Sedan test. J. Wildl. Mgt. 30(2) :433-443.
Turner, F. B., B. Kowalewsky, R. H. Rowland, and K. H. Larson. 1963.

Uptake of radioactive materials from a nuclear reactor by small mammals at

the Nevada Test Site. Health Physics 10(l):65-68. (Also: Univ. of Calif, at

Los Angeles, U. S. AEC Report TID- 18864.)
Wells, P. V. 1961. Succession in desert vegetation on streets of a Nevada

ghost town. Science 1 34(3480): 670-671.
. 1964. Pleistocene vegetation in the Mohave Desert: some woodrat

midden evidence, (abstr). Bull. Ecol. Soc. Am. 45 (3): 76.
Wells, P. V., and C. D. Jorgensen. 1964. Pleistocene wood rat middens and

climate change in Mohave Desert: A record of juniper woodlands. Science

143(3611):1171-1173.
Wells, P. V., and L. M. Shields. 1961. Disturbance and succession in desert

vegetation on the Nevada Test Site of the U. S. Atomic Energy Commission.

(abstr.) Bull. Ecol. Soc. of Am. 42(3): 109.

The Great Basin Naturalist

86 VINCENT scHULTz Vol. XXVI, Nos. 3-4

1962. Distribution of Larrea in relation to a temi>erature

inversion in Yucca Flat, Nevada, (abstr.) Bull. Ecol. Soc. Am. 43(4): 118.
AND . 1964. Distribution of Larrea in relation to temperature

zonation at the Nevada Test Site. Southwestern Nat. 9:51-55.
White, L. D. 1962. Concrete molds of rodent burrows. J. Mammal. 43(2) :265.
White, L. D., and D. M. Allred. 1961. Range of kangaroo rats in areas

affected by atomic detonations. Proc. Utah Acad. Sci., Arts, and Letters

38(1):101-110.

A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF THE

GREAT BASIN REPTILES IN THE COLLECTIONS OF

BRIGHAM YOUNC; UNIVERSITY AND THE

UNIVERSriY OF UTAH

Wilmer W. Tanner and Benjamin H. Banta'

Introduction

This report is one of a planned series of analyses of reptile speci-
mens taken from the Great Basin and now deposited in the major
institutional repositories of the western United States. We hope and
anticipate that such reports will provide a more adequate systematic
and distributional picture of the Great Basin reptile fauna.

At present we are concerned mainly with the species occurring
in this region and specimen locality data If such can be completed
we would then perhaps have a nearly complete list of species and
subspecies occurring in the basin as well as the distribution limits
of each.

The general physical environment and historical aspects of the
Great Basin have been treated in recent works by Banta (1963a)
and Banta and Tanner (1964). The general physical delimitation of
the Great Basin in this account is based largely upon the 1953 edition
of the map "Water Resources Development of the United States." by
the United States Geological Survey. We have made one correction
in southern Nevada and perhaps other minor details should be
adjusted. However, we find the map to be useful and generally ac-
curate even in most details. Figure 1 illustrates the physical defini-
tion of the Great Basin in addition to the political subdivisions of and
within the area as used herein.

The following is a check list of the counties of the states making
up the (jreat Basin. An asterisk ( * ) preceding a county name indi-
cates that this particular county is located on the border and is thus
not located in its entirety within the Great Basin.

California

•Harney

•Washington

* Modoc

•Malheur

•Kane

* Lassen

* Sierra

Utah

Nevada

'Nevada

•Box Elder

Washoe

•Placer

Cache

Storey

'Eldorado

Rich

Ormsby

•Alpine

Morgan

Douglas

Mono

Weber

Lyon

1 Portion^ of this study were supported by a grant-in-aid from the Society of the Sigma Xi and
the Research Society of .\nierira (19f>2) and a faiully travel grant from Colorado College, Colorado
Springs. Publication was made possible by a grant-in-aid from the Society of the Sigma Xi and the
Research Society of America (1963).

Brighani Young University, Provo, Utah and Michigan Slate University, East I^nsing, Michigan.

87

The Great Basin Naturalist
W. W. TANNER, B. H. BANTA Vol. XXVI, NoS. 3-4

Inyo

Davis

* Humboldt

*Kern

Tooele

Pershing

*Los Angeles

Salt Lake

Churchill

*San Bernardino

* Summit

Mineral

* Duchesne

Esmeralda

Idaho

* Wasatch

*Elko

* Cassia

Utah

Lander

Oneida

Juab

Eureka

Franklin

Sanpete

*Nye

Bear Lake

* Sevier

* White Pine

* Caribou

Millard

* Lincoln

* Bannock

Beaver

* Clark

* Power

Piute

* Wayne

Wyoming

Oregon

* Garfield

* Lincoln

*Lake

*Iron

* Uinta

Material and Methods

The Department of Zoology and Entomology collections at Brig-
ham Young University, Provo, Utah, and the University of Utah,
Salt Lake City, contain a large number of representative specimens
of reptile species inhabiting the Great Basin, especially the eastern
Bonneville portion. Recent collections have added measurably to the
southern Nevada collections, primarily from the Nevada Atomic
Test Site. These collections are at Brigham Young University. It is
the purpose of this paper to present analyses of these collections with
empnasis on the external morphological variation and geographical
distribution of each reptile species.

Basic nomenclature of genera and species is that of Schmidt
(1953) with appropriate changes which have since appeared. Species
of genera represented by more than one species are organized alpha-
betically by species name. Distributional records, under the heading
Material Examined, are listed by state, county, and specific locality.
Following each locality, designated by parentheses, is the serial
number or numbers of the sf)ecific specimen or specimens. Altitudes
for some of the localities were determined and are listed in the
Checklist of Localities.

Summarized data demonstrating variation of certain morphologi-
cal characters of the reptiles examined are given under the heading
Variation. An attempt is made to show the extent of variation in
samples examined. All measurements are in millimeters. Discus-
sions of nomenclatural problems are provided when they can be
either modified or clarified by this study. Brief discussions of ideas
concerning the historical movement of progenitors of existing popu-
lations are included under the heading Remarks.

We have on several occasions been faced with the perennial
question: To which subspecies does this population belong? Because
a complete understanding of the basic systematics of all of the species

Dec. 31. 1966

REVIEW OF GREAT BASIN REPTILES

89

Figure 1. Delimitation of the Great Basin (dark irregular line) showing the
various political subdivisions by county. As shown here the Great Basin encom-
passes most of the state of Nevada, the western half of Utah, eastern California,
southeastern Oregon, southeastern Idaho, and the southwestern comer of Wyoming.

The Great Basin Naturalist
90 W. W. TANNER, B. H. BANTA Vol. XXVI, NoS. 3-4

of Great Basin reptile populations has not been completed, we have
delayed this report several years while other studies were being com-
pleted. There is much remaining to be done on reptiles of the Great
Basin; however, we believe that enough information and material is
now available to justify the completion of this study. Unfortunately,
the samples of many populations are limited and thus it is impossible
to adequately demonstrate the range of variation. These, however,
will be augmented as other studies are completed.

Abbreviations: The following is a list of abbreviations of words
and terms standardized throughout this study:

I. Political Subdivisions

A. States

California - CALIF.; Oregon - ORE.; Idaho - IDA.; Utah - UTAH; Nevada -
NEV.; Wyoming - WYO.

B. Counties

Bear Lake - B.L.; San Bernardino - S.B.; Los Angeles - L.A.; White Pine -
W.P.; Salt Lake - S.L.

II. Directions

E - east of; S - south of; ENE - east northeast of; SE - southeast of; ESE -
east southeast of; SSE - south southeast of; N - north of; SW - southwest of;
NE - northeast of; SSW - south southwest of; NNE - north northeast of; W -
west of; NW - northwest of; WNW - west northwest of; NNW - north north-
west of; WSW - west southwest of.

III. Geographic and Miscellaneous Terms-

adj. - adjacent; bdry. - boundary; en. - canyon; co. - county; cr. - creek;
des. - desert; exp. sta. - experiment station; fk. - fork; ft. - fort; gov't. - govern-
ment; gr. - grove; hd. - head; hwy. - highway; L. - lake; mdw. - meadow;
mn. - mine; mth. - mouth; mtn. - mountain, mountain range; N F - national
forest; N M - national monument; N P - national park; NTS - Nevada Test Site;
nr. near; P G - Proving Ground; pk. - peak; P O - post office; pt. - point; R. -
river; rch. - ranch; rd. - road; RR - railroad; R S - ranger station (U.S. Forest
Service); sta. - station; tr. - trail; V, - valley; vie. - vicinity of.

Historical Chronology of Collecting Activity

A preliminary account of the history of studies on Great Basin
reptiles is that of Banta and Tanner (1964). No attempt will be
made to repeat the comments of that work relating to herpetological
activities at Brigham Young University (B.Y.U.) and the University
of Utah (U. of U.). Certain individuals such as Vasco M. Tanner,
D Elden Beck, and Wilmer W. Tanner (B.Y.U.) and A. M. Wood-
bury, John W. Twente, Jr., and John M. Legler (U. of U.) have
been most helpful and have permitted us at various times to use
the facilities at these institutions. For these courtesies we are most
grateful.

'Many of these abbreviations are used in the Checklist of Localities and in
the Materials Examined section of each species discussion.

Dec. 31,1966

REVIEW OF GREAT BASIN REPTILES

91

A listing of people active in collecting reptile specimens within
the Cireat Basin for deposition in the collections of Brigham Young
University and the University of Utah according to the year or
years of their activities, including a listing of the Great Basin country
or counties in which samples were made follows:

Chronology of Collecting Activity

YEAR

PERSON

STATE

COUNTY

INSTITUTION

1884

0. Howard

Utah

Tooele

U. of U.

1901

D. Franklin

Utah

Sanpete

U. of U.

1902

F. Coofts &
F. Maquoti
S. E. Aldous

Nev.

Washoe

U. of U.

1909

Utah

Cache

U. of U.

1916

H. J. Pack^

Utah

S.L.

B.Y.U.

1917

C. J. Jensen

Utah

Weber

U of U.

1920

G. H. Hansen

Utah

Beaver

B.Y.U.

H. J. Pack

Utah

Cache

Iron

Tooele

B.Y.U.

1921

H. J. Pack

Utah

S.L.

B.Y.U

1923

H. J. Pack

Utah

Tooele

B.Y.U.

1924

S. E. Aldous

Utah

Sanpete
Millard

U. of U.

1925

V. M. Tanner

Utah

BY.U.

Juab

1926

B. Decker
H. Hutchings

Utah

Utah

B.Y.U.

V. M. Tanner

Utah

Juab

Millard

Sanpete

B.Y.U.

1927

S. E Aldous

Utah

Tooele

U. of U.

W. Bailey

Utah

Utah

U. of U.

J. J. Weight

R. V. Chamberlain

Utah

Iron

Tooele

Utah

U. of U.

A. C. Jensen

Utah

S.L.

U. of U.

I. Rasmussen

Utah

Utah

B.Y.U.

L. Reed

Utah

Millard

U. of U.

A. M. Woodbury

Utah

Sanpete

Tooele

Utah

U. of U.

1928

D E. Beck

C. J. D. Brown

J. Kartchner

Utah

Utah

B.Y.U.

■i. I{. J. Park's collection was originally deposited at the Utah Slate Afiricultural Coiiege (Utah
State University), Ix>gan. Utah. Part of the collection was destroyed or lost owing to lack of cura-
torial attention. Dr. G. F. Knowlton gave the remainder of the collection to B.Y.U. in l'>5().

92

W. W. TANNER, B. H.

The Great Basin Naturalist

BANTA Vol. XXVI, Nos. 3-4

1928

D. Liddle
M. Stevenson
M. Stewart

Utah

Utah

B.Y.U.

W. J. Gertsch

Utah

S.L.

U. of U.

W. W. Newby

A. M. Woodbury

A. C. Jensen

Utah

Tooele

U. of U.

W. Robinson

Utah

Piute

B.Y.U.

V. M. Tanner

Nev.

Elko
W. P.

B.Y.U.

Utah

Box Elder
Juab
Millard
Tooele

B.Y.U.

1929

W. Ivie

Utah

S.L.

U. of U.

V. M. Tanner

Utah

Garfield
Millard

B.Y.U.

1930

E. W. Fowlks

F. Gramse

Utah

Sevier

U. of U.

V. M. Tanner

Utah

Millard

B.Y.U.

A. M. Woodbury

Utah

Millard

B.Y.U.

D. Woodbury

1931

C. L. Hayward

Utah

Iron

B.Y.U.

1932

W. H. Behle

Utah

Box Elder

U. of U.

V. Parkinson

Utah

S.L.

U. of U.

C. Snow

1933

H. E. Dorst

Utah

Tooele

U. of U.

P. Klauber

Calif.

S.B.

U. of U.

V. Parkinson

Utah

S.L.

U. of U.

1936

W. W. Tanner

Utah

Utah

B.Y.U.

A. M. Woodbury

Utah

Box Elder
S.L.

Tooele

Utah

Wasatch

U. of U.

D. Woodbury &

Tooele

U. of U.

W. Woodbury

1937

J. W. Bee

Ida.

B.L.

B.Y.U.

J. W. Bell

Utah

Utah

BY.U.

C. Tanner

H. Thomas

K. Duke

Utah

Wasatch

B.Y.U.

S. Flowers

Utah

Juab

U. of U.

C. L. Hayward

Utah

Utah

B.Y.U.

M. Marchant

Utah

Summit

B.Y.U.

V. M. Tanner

Utah

Millard

B.Y.U.

W W. 7 anner

Utah

Utah

B.Y.U.

1938

W. W. Tanner

Utah

Utah

B.Y.U.

A. M. Woodbury

Utah

SL.

U. of U.

Dec. 31,

, 1966 REVIEW OF GREAT BASIN REPTILES

s

1939

B. Hunt

Utah

Juab

B.Y.U.

R. Liechty

Utah

Iron

B.Y.U.

W. W. Newby

Utah

S.L.

U. of U.

A. M. Woodbury

D. Woodbury

H. W. Setzer

Utah

Davis
S.L.
Tooele
Utah

U. of U.

M. H. Chandler

Utah

S.L.

B.Y.U.

1939

V. M. Tanner

Utah

Carbon
Sevier

B.Y.U.

W. W. Tanner

Utah

Utah

Cache

Sanpete

B.Y.U.

1940

L. Hansen

Utah

Sanpete

B.Y.U.

D. Beeler

Utah

Utah

U. of U.

W. Woodbury

C. M. Greenhalgh

Utah

S.L.

U. of U.

T. A. Woolley

L. Olson

Utah

Tooele

U. of U.

H. W. Setzer

Utah

S.L.

U. of U.

A. M. Woodbury

Tooele
Utah

D. Woodbury

Utah

Tooele
Utah

U. of U.

1941

H. Chandler

Utah

Millard

B.Y.U.

M. M. Snow^

Crawford

Utah

Utah

B.Y.U.

V. M. Tanner

K. Smith

Utah

Box Elder

B.Y.U.

W. W. Tanner

Nev.
Utah

Elko

Millard

Tooele

B.Y.U.

1942

S. D. Ehjrrant

Utah

Tooele

U. of U.

E. Kunzler

Utah

Box Elder

U. of U.

W. W. Tanner

Utah

Utah

B.Y.U.

1944

(j. F. Knowlton

Utah

Beaver

BY.U.

V. M. Tanner

Utah

Utah

B.Y.U.

1945

A. K. Christensen
G. Novak
V. M. Tanner
W. W. Tanner

Utah

Utah

B.Y.U.

1946

A. K. Christensen

Utah

Millard
Utah

B.Y.U.

1947

A. K. Christensen

Utah

Beaver

B.Y.U.

L. S. Miller

Utah

Utah

B.Y.U.

A. M. Woodbury

Utah

S.L.

U. of U.

1948

D. M. Allred

Utah

Millard

BY.U.

93

The Great Basin. Naturalist

94

W. W. TANNER, B. H.

BANTA Vol. 5

CXVI, Nos. 3

W. W. Tanner

Utah

Utah

B.Y.U.

1949

D. M. Allred

C. Berdall

D. B. Skousen

Utah

Millard

B.Y.U.

L. Heyrand

Utah

Tooele

U. of U.

S. Smith

C. W. Lockerbie

Utah

Juab

U. of U.

D. D. Parker

Utah

Juab

Millard

Tooele

B.Y.U.

V. M. Tanner

Utah

Juab
Millard

B.Y.U.

W. W. Tanner

Utah

Utah

B.Y.U.

1950

E. Averill

G. S. Bigler

L. E. Bitner

N. R. Christensen

C. D. Johnson

G. N. Taylor

W. Woodbury

Utah

S.L.

U. of U.

D E. Beck

Utah

Beaver

Juab

Millard

B.Y.U.

H. Goldschmidt

Calif.

S.B.

B.Y.U.

R. Hansen

Utah

Tooele

U. of U.

F. Jensen

A. C. Winslow

R. Liechty

Utah

Beaver

B.Y.U.

J. L. Munyon

Utah

Juab

B.Y.U.

V. M. Tanner

Nev.
Utah

Nye

W.P.

Beaver

Millard

Tooele

Utah

B.Y.U.

W. W. Tanner

Nev.
Utah

W.P.
Juab
Utah

BY.U.

1951

D E. Beck

Utah

Juab

B.Y.U.

V. M Tanner

Nev.
Utah

Nye
Millard

BY.U.

1952

D E. Beck

Utah

Sanpete

B.Y.U.

M. Coffee

Utah

Sevier

B.YU.

M. Killpack

Utah

Millard

B.Y.U.

A. H. Kopp

Utah

Utah

B.Y.U.

W W. Tanner

Utah

Iron

B.Y.U.

1953

D E. Beck

Utah

Millard

Iron

Juab

B.Y.U.

Dec. 31,1966

REVIEW OF GREAT BASIN REPTILES

95

1953 J. F. Howell Utah
M. Killpack Utah
G. F. Knowlton Utah

1954 D. Bringhurst Utah
G. Tregaskis

J. F. Howell Utah

R. D. Sperry Utah

L. A. Swanson Utah

W. W. Tanner

1955 K. Bacon Utah
D. C. Chester Utah
D. H. Curtis

D. Mumford
R. Pursely
L. Stevens

C. Taylor

V. J. Cox Utah

D. Hansen Utah

W. W. Tanner Utah

1956 R. B. Loomis CaHf.
W. W. Tanner Utah
R. Taylor

W. G. Robison Utah

D. D. Parker Utah

1957 J. Smith Utah
W. W. Tanner Utah
J. W. Twente Utah

1958 J. C. Bowman Utah
S. G. Hansen Nev.
W. G. Robison Utah
W. W. Tanner Utah
D. D. LaMare Utah

1959 D. M. Allred Nev.
D E. Beck

W. W. Tanner Utah

A. I lansen Utah

1960 D E. Beck Utah
W. W. Tanner Nev.

Utah

J. Harmon Utah

J. E. Kuda Utah

1961 D E. Beck Calif.
D. M. Allred Nev.

Utah
Rich
Tooele
Utah

Juab
Sevier
Utah
Sevier

Millard
Sevier

Tooele

Beaver

Utah

Beaver

Sevier

Utah

L.A.

Utah

Tooele

Utah

Summit

Utah

Box Elder

Sevier

Tooele

Utah

Nye

Utah

Utah

Utah

Nye

Millard

Sanpete

Juab

Churchill

S.L.

Sanpete

Utah

Inyo

Nye

B.Y.U.
B.Y.U.
B.Y.U.
B.Y.U.

B.Y.U.
B.Y.U.

B.Y.U.

B.Y.U.
B.Y.U.

B.Y.U.
B.Y.U.

B.Y.U.

B.Y.U.
B.Y.U.

B.Y.U.
B.Y.U.

U. of U.

B.Y.U.
U. of U.

B.Y.U.
B.Y.U.
B.Y.U.
B.Y.U.
B.Y.U.
B.Y.U.

B.Y.U.
B.Y.U.
B.Y.U.
B.YU.
B.Y.U.
B.Y.U.
B.Y.U.
B.Y.U.
B.Y.U.

The Great Basin Naturalist
96 W. W. TANNER, B. H. BANTA Vol. XXVI, Nos. 3-4

1961 D E. Beck Nev. Nye B.Y.U.
C. D. Jorgensen

W. W. Tanner

1962 D. M. Allred Nev. Nye B.Y.U.
D E. Beck

C. D. Jorgensen
W. W. Tanner

1963 C. D. Jorgensen Nev. Nye B.Y.U.
J. R. Lannon

Localities

Great Basin localities represented by reptile specimens in the col-
lections of Brigham Young University and the University of Utah
are listed below. Altitudes were detennined when possible. An
asterisk (*) before the elevation on the accompanying list indicates
that the elevation is of the nearest town and not the exact locality
represented by the specimen sample. The following were used in
the determination of geographic data for this list: Davis (1939),
Durrant (1952). Federal Writers Project (1950), Gannett (1900,
1906), Hubbs and Miller (1948), and Woodbury (1952).

ALPHABETICAL INDEX OF LOCALITIES REPRESENTED BY REPTILE

SPECIMENS IN THE COLLECTIONS OF BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY

AND UNIVERSITY OF UTAH

State County Specific locality Elevation

Oasis

Panamint Sphrs., E

Llano, 3 mi E 3169

Littlerock, 2 mi E 2910

Palmdale 2664

Cajon Pass 4011

Baker 920

Jump Cr.

Lava Hot Sprs.

Swan L.

Deep L.

Paris

Birch Cr.

Oakley

Shoshone Falls

Clifton

Clifton Cr.

Preston

90 mi E Fallon

Lyman Sprs.

Wells, 20 mi E 5525*

Winnemucca, 28 mi. E 4324*4

Battle Mountain 4507

4 An asterisk (*) after the elevation indicates that the elevation is of the
nearest town and not of the exact locality.

Calif.

Inyo

Calif.

Inyo

Calif.

L.A.

Calif.

L.A.

Calif.

LA.

Calif.

S.B.

Calif.

S.B.

Ida.

Bannock

Ida.

Bannock

Ida.

Bannock

Ida.

B. L.

Ida.

B. L.

Ida.

Cassia

Ida.

Cassia

Ida.

Cassia

Ida.

Franklin

Ida.

Franklin

Ida.

Franklin

Nev.

Churchill

Nev.

Elko

Nev.

Elko

Nev.

Humboldt

Nev.

Lander

Dec. 31,

1966

Nev.

Lyon

Nev.

Nye

Nev.

Nye

Nev.

Nye

Nev.

Nye

Nev.

Nye

Nev.

Nye

Nev.

Washoe

Nev.

Washoe

Nev.

W. P.

Nev.

w. p.

Nev.

w. p.

Nev.

w. p.

Nev.

w. p.

Nev.

w. p.

Nev.

w. p.

Nev.

w. p.

Utah

Beaver

Utah

Beaver

Utah

Beaver

Utah

Beaver

Utah

Beaver

Utah

Beaver

Utah

Beaver

Utah

Beaver

Utah

Beaver

Utah

Beaver

Utah

Box Elder

Utah

Box Elder

Utah

Box Elder

Utah

Box Elder

Utah

Box Elder

Utah

Box Elder

Utah

Box Elder

Utah

Box Elder

Utah

Box Elder

Utah

Box Elder

Utah

Box Elder

Utah

Box Elder

Utah

Box Elder

Utah

Box Elder

Utah

Box Elder

Utah

Box Elder

Utah

Box Elder

Utah

Cache

Utah

Cache

Utah

Cache

Utah

Cache

Utah

Cache

Utah

Cache

Utah

Cache

Utah

Davis

Utah

Davis

Utah

Davis

Utah

Davis

Utah

Davis

Utah

Davis

Utah

Davis

Utah

Davis

REVIEW OF GREAT BASIN REPTILES

Femley

Cherry Cr.

Currant, 35 mi SW

Locke's

Nuclear Test Site, Mercury

Sunnyside

Sunnyside, 19 mi S

Pyramid L.

Wadsworth

Big Spr.

Hot Cr. Spr.

Lehman Cave NM

Lund, & 1 mi E

Mt. Wheeler

Preston

Sacramento Pass

Saw Mill Cn.

Beaver

Beaver, 12.3 mi W

Milford

Milford v., between

Milford & Minersville
Minersville
Minersville Dam
Sulphurdale
Wah Wah Spr.
W portion of county
Wildcat, 10 mi S Cove Ft.
Bear R.
Bird Id.

Blue Ridge Mtns.
Brigham

Chesapeake Gun Club
Como Spr.

Corrine, 6 mi W & 12 mi N
Dolphin Id.

Grouse Cr. Mtns., Rosebud Cr.
Hansel V.
Locomotive Spr.
Patterson Pass
Raft R. Mtns., Roseverse Cr.
Saline, 5 mi E
Snowville

Tacoma Mtns., Lucin
Tremonton
Diy L.
Logan
Logan Cn.
Smith field
Tony Cr.
Wellsville
Wellsville Cn.
Bountiful
Bountiful, cn. E
Clearfield
Farmington
Farmington Bay
Kaysville

Phillips Oil Refinery-
Ward Cn.

97

7154

5970

5970*

4958

5625

5625*

5625

4215

4307
4215

4229*

4200-5000
4400

4217*

4544

4475

4315

5600

4635

4450

5000

4398

4487
4200

4344
4253

98

The Great Basin. Natviralist
W. W. TANNER, B. H. BANTA Vol. XXVI, NoS. 3-4

Utah

Davis

Utah

Garfield

Utah

Garfield

Utah

Iron

Utah

Iron

Utah

Iron

Utah

Iron

Utah

Iron

Utah

Iron

Utah

Iron

Utah

Iron

Utah

Iron

Utah

Iron

Utah

Juab

Utah

Juab

Utah

Juab

Utah

Juab

Utah

Juab

Utah

Juab

Utah

Juab

Utah

Juab

Utah

Juab

Utah

Juab

Utah

Juab

Utah

Juab

Utah

Juab

Utah

Juab

Utah

Juab

Utah

Juab

Utah

Juab

Utah

Juab

Utah

Juab

Utah

Juab

Utah

Juab

Utah

Juab

Utah

Millard

Utah

Millard

Utah

Millard

Utah

Millard

Utah

Millard

Utah

Millard

Utah

Millard

Utah

Millard

Utah

Millard

Utah

Millard

Utah

Millard

Utah

Millard

Utah

Millard

Utah

Millard

Utah

Millard

Utah

Millard

Utah

Millard

Utah

MUlard

Utah

Millard

Utah

Millard

Utah

MUlard

Utah

Millard

Utah

Millard

Utah

Millard

Utah

Millard

Woods Cross 4292

Bryce Cn. NP

Panguitch

Cedar Brakes NM

Cedar City 5834

Cedar City Cn.

Iron City

I ronton Ruins

Kanarraville 5541

Lund 5082

Newcastle, ±4 mi S

Parowan, 10 mi W 5990*

Summit on rd. between

Paragonah & Parquitah
Birch Cr. Cn. 5500

Callao 4341

Callao, 10 mi SE
Callao, 15 mi S
Cherry Cr.

Deep Cr. Mtns., Thomas Cr.
Delta, 30 mi N

Fish Spr. 5000

Fish Spr., 8 mi S
Gandy Spr.

Jericho 5309

Jericho, 3 mi N

Levan 5163

Levan, 4 mi S

Lynndyl, 10 mi N 4784*

Mammoth 6026

Nephi 5114

Salt Cr. Cn.

Silver City, 2 mi S 6100*

Topaz Mtn., nr. Lynndyl 7110

Trout Cr. 4675

Yuba Dam

Antelope Mtns., Antelope Spr. 6743

Black Rock 4852

Clear L. 4750

Cove Ft. 6000

Cove Ft., 3 mi N

Cove Ft., 10 mi N 4649

Delta, 10 mi NW
Delta

Delta, 50 mi SW

Deseret 4586

Desert Range Exp. Sta.
Fillmore 5135

Fillmore Cn.
Fillmore, craters w

Fillmore, 15 mi NW (Devil's Kitchen)
Gandy 5050

Hinckley, 15 mi S

Horse Range, Margum Pass 6400

Iber

Leamington, 7 mi N 4728*

Lynndyl 4785

Lynndyl, 6 mi N
Notch Mtn., US Hwy 6
Oak City 4700

Oak City, 2 mi W

Dec. 31,

1966

Utah

Millard

Utah

Millard

Utah

Millard

Utah

Morgan

Utah

Morgan

Utah

Morgan

Utah

Piute

Utah

Piute

Utah

Piute

Utah

Piute

Utah

Rich

Utah

Rich

Utah

Rich

Utah

S. L.

Utah

S. L.

Utah

S. L.

Utah

S. L.

Utah

S. L.

Utah

S. L.

Utah

S. L.

Utah

S. L.

Utah

S. L.

Utah

S. L.

Utah

S. L.

Utah

S. L.

Utah

S. L.

Utah

S. L.

Utah

S. L.

Utah

S. L.

Utah

S. L.

Utah

Sanpete

Utah

Sanpete

Utah

Sanpete

Utah

Sanpete

Utah

Sanpete

Utah

Sanpete

Utah

Sanpete

Utah

Sanpete

Utah

Sanpete

Utah

Sanpete

Utah

Sanpete

Utah

Sanpete

Utah

Sevier

Utah

Sevier

Utah

Sevier

Utah

Sevier

Utah

Sevier

Utah

Sevier

Utah

Sevier

Utah

Sevier

Utah

Sevier

Utah

Sevier

Utah

Summit

Utah

Summit

Utah

Summit

Utah

Tooele

Utah

Tooele

Utah

Tooele

REVIEW OF GREAT BASIN REPTILES

Oak City, 5 mi SW

Oak Cr.

White V.

Como Spr.

Como Spr., E of

Morgan

Black Cn.

Circleville

Kingston

Marysvale

Bear L.

Woodruff Cr., W fk.

Woodruff Cr., N fk.

Alta

Antelope Id., 5 mi S

Brighton

City Cr. Cn.

Draper, 5 mi NE

Dry Cn.

Emigration Cn.

Ft. Douglas

Little Cottonwood Cn.

Mill Cr. Cn.

Murray

Parley's Cn.

S. L. City

Sandy

Sandy, W & SE

Warm Spr.

White Pine L.

Ephraim

Ephraim, 2 mi NE

Fairview

Fountain Green

Fountain Green, 3 mi N

Gunnison, reservoir E

Indianola

Manti

Maple Cn.

Mayfield, 5 mi S

Mt. Pleasant

Spring City

Annabella

Aspene

Fish L.

Marvsvale Cn.

Richfield

Salina Cn.

Sevier Cn.

Sigurd

Sigurd, 8-9 mi SE & 9 mi E

Jet. Sig^urd-Richfield rds. on

way to Loa
Coalville, IV2 mi NE
Peoa

Woodland
Benmore
Bunkhill Mine
Cedar Mtns.

99

4600-4900

5068

4125
5925
6344*

8585
4203
8730

4505

5200-9800
4337

4253
4+51

5514

6023
6026

5750*
5685
5552
4846-5750

5685
5250

8750

5500-5800

5340

5200-6500

6550-7000

5220

5572
6191
6806
5700

100

The Great Basin Naturalist
W. W. TANNER, B. H. BANTA Vol. XXVI, Nos. 3-4

Utah

Tooele

Clover

5180

Utah

Tooele

Desert Mtns., 15 mi N Wendover

Utah

Tooele

Dugway P Go's entrance

Utah

Tooele

Dugway P Co

Utah

Tooele

Fish Spr.

Utah

Tooele

Gold Hill

Utah

Tooele

Grantsville, W of

Utah

Tooele

Grantsville, 4 mi N & 4 mi W

4304*

Utah

Tooele

Ibapah

5288

Utah

Tooele

Ibapah, 15 mi N

Utah

Tooele

Indian Spr.

5284

Utah

Tooele

Knolls

4253

Utah

Tooele

Low

4604

Utah

Tooele

Menile

Utah

Tooele

New Stansbury Id.

4202

Utah

Tooele

Ophir, 3 mi W

6498

Utah

Tooele

Between Ophir & Mercur

Utah

Tooele

Rush Valley

5000-5500

Utah

Tooele

Salt Spr.

4350

Utah

Tooele

Skull Valley

4250-4750

Utah

Tooele

Skull Valley, N end

Utah

Tooele

Stansbury Mtns., E Dugway
entrance

Utah

Tooele

Stockton

5069

Utah

Tooele

Stockton, 3 mi SE

Utah

Tooele

Tooele V.

4250-4500

Utah

Tooele

Vernon, Lookout Pass

5511*

Utah

Tooele

Wendover, 2 mi NW & 3 mi E

4246*

Utah

Tooele

Willow Spr.

Utah

Tooele

Willow Spr., 3 mi W

Utah

Utah

Altamount

4566

Utah

Utah

Alpine

4957

Utah

Utah

American Fk.

Utah

Utah

American Fk. Cn.

Utah

Utah

Benjamin

4546

Utah

Utah

Carterville

Utah

Utah

Cedar Ft.

5250

Utah

Utah

Cedar Ft., 2 mi S

Utah

Utah

Cedar V.

Utah

Utah

Cedar V., W side

Utah

Utah

Chimney Rock Pass

4500-5000

Utah

Utah

Diamond Fk. Cn.

Utah

Utah

Dividend

6250

Utah

Utah

Elberta

4664

Utah

Utah

Elberta, 2 mi W

Utah

Utah

Elberta, 3 mi N (Meseda Bend)

Utah

Utah

Fairfield

4876

Utah

Utah

Goshen

4531

Utah

Utah

Goshen, 6 mi N

Utah

Utah

Grove Cr.

Utah

Utah

Hobble Cr. Cn.

Utah

Utah

Homansville

6232

Utah

Utah

Lake Mtns., Eureka

Utah

Utah

Lake Mtns., Tintic

6750

Utah

Utah

Lake Mtn., Utah L.

Utah

Utah

Lehi

4562

Utah

Utah

Lehi, foothills N

Utah

Utah

Lehi, 5 mi W

Utah

Utah

Lehi, 10 mi W

Utah

Utah

Mercur (canyon above)

Utah

Utah

Mt. Timpanogos, Aspen Grove

6800

Dec. 31,

1966 REVIEW OF GREAT BASIN REPTILES

101

Utah

Utah

Nebo Cn.

Utah

Utah

Oquirrh Mtns., West Cn.

Utah

Utah

Orem

4760

Utah

Utah

Payson

4605

Utah

Utah

Pleasant Grove

4557

Utah

Utah

Pleasant Grove Cn.

4557-4750

Utah

Utah

Pole Cn.

Utah

Utah

Provo

4553

Utah

Utah

Provo Cn.

Utah

Utah

Richmond, 9 mi S

Utah

Utah

Rock Cn.

Utah

Utah

Santaquin, W

4761

Utah

Utah

Saratoga, 5 mi W

Utah

Utah

Spanish Fk.

4750

Utah

Utah

Spanish Fk. Cn.

4750-5000

Utah

Utah

Springville

4600

Utah

Utah

Sunshine Cn.

Utah

Utah

Thistle

5052

Utah

Utah

Thistle, 3 mi E

Utah

Utah

Thistle, 9 mi S

Utah

Utah

Thistle Cn.

Utah

Utah

Timpanogos Cave Trail

4750-7750

Utah

Utah

Utah L., W

4489

Utah

Utah

Utah L., Pelican Pt.

Utah

Utah

Utah L.. Powell's Slough

Utah

Utah

Utah L., Provo Bay

Utah

Utah

West Cn. (cabins)

Utah

Utah

West Cn. S Fk.

Utah

Wasatch

Charleston

5433

Utah

Wasatch

Lake Cr. Cn.

6250*

Utah

Wasatch

Wallsburg

5300

Utah

Washington

Blue Sprs.

Utah

Washington

Pinto

Utah

Weber

Farr West

4244

Utah

Weber

Ogden

Utah

Weber

Ogden Cr.

4288-4815

Species Account

Sauria

Family Eublepharidae

Genus Coleonyx Gray

Coleonyx variegatus utahensis Klauber

Material Examined — Nev.: Nye Co., NTS. Mercury (B.Y.U.
17926-9,17931,17987.18812).

Vari.^tion — Females attain a larger snout-vent length than
males [9 12 (61.6) 44-70; cT 16 (54.13) 37-66].-' Males, of course,
possess developed anal pores [ cf 16 (5.87) 4-8], whereas these struc-
tures are not develo[)ed to be detectible in females. In our sample
there are more postmentals in males than in females [cT 16 (5.75)
3-7; $ 12 (5.5) 3-8].

The dorsal color pattern is variable with most specimens having a
pattern similar to specimens from the type locality (St. George,

5. Number (mean) range. This sequence will be used throughout.

The Great Basin Naturalist
102 W. W. TANNER, B. H. BANTA Vol. XXVI, NOS. 3-4

Utah). However, some are similar to or show indications of inter-
gradation with V. variegatus.

Remarks — Tanner and Jorgensen (1963) extend the range of
the Utah subspecies into southern Nye County, Nevada, and suggest
that intergradation should be expected in western Nye County or in
adjoining California. Inasmuch as these subspecies are largely de-
termined by color pattern, and since the geographical and habitat of
this area is rather uniform, it is expected that the area of intergrada-
tion may be wider than has been indicated in previous studies of
Klauber (1945).

Family Iguanidae

Genus Dipsosaurus Hallowell

Dipsosaurus dorsalis dorsalis Hallowell

Material Examined — Nev.: Nye Co., NTS, Mercury (B.Y.U.
17943, 18813-4).

Variation — The above three specimens are females. The snout-
vent lengths ranged from 97 to 122 with a mean of 110. Femoral
})ore counts ranged from 39 to 42 with a mean of 40.66. Ventrals,
counted medially, ranged from 89 to 99 with a mean of 93.66. Dor-
sals ranged from 87 to 95 with a mean of 89. Two of the specimens
have regenerated tails.

Remarks — The Northern Crested Lizard does not enter the
Great Basin in Utah and in Nevada reaches only the extreme south-
eastern edge of the basin in Nye County.

We concur wdth Stebbins (1954) that this lizard is usually found
in areas where the creosote bush is a part of the desert community.
However, the altitude of 3,200 feet reported for the Providence
Mountains should not be considered as the maximum altitude for
this species in Nevada. On the basis of the sight record from Cane
Springs (NTS) we believe that this species ranges from the flats
up to at least 3.500 feet, on the western slopes of the Frenchman
Flat basin.

Genus Crotaphytus Holbrook
Crotaphytus collaris baileyi Stejneger

Material Examined — Calif.: Inyo Co., E Panamint Sprs.
(B.Y.U. 18055).

Nev.: Nye Co., NTS, Mercury (B.Y.U. 17275, 17940-2, 18815-6,
plus nine uncatalogued specimens).

Utah: Tooele Co., Gold Hill (B.Y.U. 4305-6, U. of U. 39), New
Stansbury Id. (U. of U. 491), Low (U. of U. 931-2), Wendover, 3
mi E (U. of U. 33554, 33596), Desert Mtns. 15 mi N, 13 mi E
Wendover (U. of U. 3274), Dugway PG (B.Y.U. 14818, 14822,
14854, U. of U. 3388, 3391-3). Utah Co. Lake Mtns. (B.Y.U. 552,
1628, 1630-2), Santaquin (U. of U. 2038), Chimney Rock Pass
(B.Y.U. 2844, 14689), Cedar V. (B.Y.U. 450, 1466, 1460, 1455).

Dec. 31, 1966 review of great basin reptiles 103

Juab Co., Trout Cr. (U. of U. 1214-5). Topaz Mtn. (B.Y.U. 9069).
Millard Co., Desert Range Exp. Sta. (U. of U. 2802), Fillmore
(B.Y.U. 8753, 8755, 4309, 12946), Antelope Sprs. (B.Y.U. 449,
1447), 15 mi S Hinckley (B.Y.U. 4310), Oak City (B.Y.U. 447),
Deseret (B.Y.U. 448). Cowboy Pass, 6 mi W Delta (B.Y.U. 21703),
10 mi NW Delta (B.Y.U. 8883), Lynndyl (B.Y.U. 445). Beaver
Co., W portion (B.Y.U. 12715-6).

Variation — Males attain a greater snout-vent length than fe-
males in the samples examined [cT 22 (89.4) 49-104; ? 21 (79.52)
50-92]. Females seem to have a slightly larger number of dorsal
scales [d" 22 (164.2) 140-179; $ 21 (166) 157-175]. lliere is very
little sexual dimorphism exhibited by femoral pore counts [ cf 21
(33.9) 29-39; 9 21 (34) 30-38].

Remarks — The fact that populations of C. collaris have a much
more extensive distribution than C. wislizeni outside of the Great
Basin suggests that collaris is the older of the two species. Popula-
tions of C. collaris extend farther east onto the western prairie areas
at the present time. They occur in areas which receive more precipi-
tation than do any of the Great Basin valleys or foothills at the
present time. This would tend to suggest that populations of collaris
may have survived in the most moist situations of the Pluvial Periods
in the Great Basin.

Crotaphytus wislizenii Baird and Girard

Material Examined — Nev.: Lander Co., Battle Mtn. (B.Y.U.
2918). Nye Co., NTS, Mercury (B.Y.U. 17276-9, 17308-22, 17944,
18969, 18984, 21740-21755). Washoe Co., Pyramid L. (U. of U.
1672). W. P. Co., Lehman Caves NM (B.Y.U. 558.

Utah: Tooele Co., Stansbury Mtns. (B.Y.U. 14688), Willow
Sprs. (U. of U. 3562). Cedar Ridge (U. of U. 315), 2 mi NW Wen-
dover (U. of U. 33599), Skull V. (U. of U. 51, 843a-g, 843i, 1221a,
1222a, 1223a, 33598), Cedar Mtns. (U. of U. 364, 644), 15 mi N
Ibapah (B.Y.U. 480, 1555), Dugway PG (B.Y.U. 14843-14853).
S. L. Co., Sandy (U. of U. 18). Utah Co., 6 mi N Goshen (B.Y.U.
576, 2210-1, 8496. 12196, 14690-1), Goshen (B.Y.U. 483. 1633, 2019-
2021), W side Utah L. (U. of U. 1-4, 2a, 3563-7), Elberta (B.Y.U.
21506). Juab Co., 10 mi N Lynndyl (B.Y.U. 2731, 3020, 3027),
Trout Cr. (B.Y.U. 11296, 1216), 3 mi N Jericho (B.Y.U. 10244,
12496), Fish Spr. (B.Y.U. 11295). Millard Co., Desert Range Exp.
Sta. (U. of U. 2803-4, B.Y.U. 580, 4302. 11349). 5 mi SW Oak City
(B.Y.U. 11354), 2 mi W Oak City (U. of U. 3298-3301). 10 mi N
Cove Ft. (B.Y.U. 481), Devil's Kitchen (B.Y.U. 9099). Beaver Co.,
Minersville Dam (B.YU. 12001-2). Iron Co., Cedar City (B.Y.U.
478), fronton ruins (U. of U. 1659). Lund (B.Y.U. 2371, 2374,
2376-7, 2899).

Variation — In contrast to C. collaris baileyi, female C. wislizeni
attain a longer mean size than do males (42 males have a mean
snout- vent length of 80.14, whereas 38 females have a mean of
86.24 mm.). There is only a slight difference in femoral pores for

The Great Basin Naturalist
104 W. W. TANNER, B. H. BANTA Vol. XXVI, NoS. 3-4

males and females in the material examined. Females seem to have
a larger number of dorsal scales than males [ cf 42 (193.6) 180-206;
9 38 (196.7) 180-213]. Ventral scales, counted medially, are also
slightly higher in females [d 42 (100.2) 90-112; ? 36 (102.08)
90-117].

Specimens from the Nevada Test Site have slightly greater snout-
vent lengths [cT 12 (81.64) 46-119; 9 18 (96.83) 79-125]. Femoral
pores in females from the NTS specimens were also slightly more
than in samples from western Utah [ cT 14 (39.21) 36-43; 9 19
(40.58) 37-45]. There are only slight differences in the mean of the
postmentals in the NTS and western Utah samples:

Utah d 27 (4.15) 2-6; 9 22 (3.95) 3-6
Nevada d 14 (4.43) 2-6; 9 19 (3.94) 2-7

Remarks — Existing populations of C. wislizeni occur in many of
the valleys of the northern and western Great Basin. In many cases
this species occurs in pinyon-juniper areas of the foothills of the
larger mountain ranges. However, it is primarily found in the val-
leys, many of which were inundated by water during the Pluvial
periods.

Whether populations of this species could have existed in the
northern Great Basin during the various Pluvial periods poses an
interesting and speculative problem. Its present wide distribution
suggests that it may have survived in somewhat moister situations
and possibly has become restricted in its distribution to the foothill
areas adjacent to some of the Pluvial lakes; or it may have more re-
cently migrated northward from areas in the southwestern United
States, western Mexico, and Baja California where populations still
exist.

Genus Sauromalus Dumeril
Sauromalus obesus obesus Baird

Material Examined — Nev.: Nye Co., NTS, Mercurv (B.Y.U.
17273-4, 17434-35, 20778-80, 2138).

Calif.: Inyo Co., Sleeping Sprs. Mt. (B.Y.U. 20777); S. B. Co.,
50 mi N Barstow near Fort Erwin (B.Y.U. 21031-2).

Variation — The present series does not differ to that presented
by Tanner and Jorgensen (1963).

Remarks — Although chuckwallas inhabit the rocky foothills and
mountains of the southwestern deserts, they do not ascend to the
Pinyon-Juniper biotic communities. We therefore believe that this
species is also one which has entered these more northern valleys in
post-Pluvial times.

Genus Callisauriis Blainville

Callisaurus draconoides rhodosticus Cope

Material Examined — Nev.: Nye Co., Nuclear Test Site near
Mercury (B.Y.U. 17413, 16323-33,20781-83, 17915-6,20784-20805).

Dec. 31, 1966 review of great basin reptiles 105

Variation — In the above samples males attain a longer mean
snout-vent length than females [d 13 (68.8) 31-89; $ 24 (61.6)
33-80]. Leg lengths are also longer in males than in females [ cf 13
(65.4) 31-85; 9 24 (61) 32-78]. Males have much longer tails than
females [ d" 8 (104.5) 86-122; $ 16 (86.5) 54-104]. Ventral scale
counts and femoral pores show no conspicuous differences in the
se.xes.

Remarks — Although populations of lizards of this species occur
in the southern and western Great Basin, they do not seem to occur
in the Bonneville Basin. There is need for further sampling in the
Escalante Desert area in the southeastern Great Basin to verify this
point. As has been already stated by one of us (Banta 1963a) the
occurrence of CaUisaurus in the Lahontan Basin in the western
Great Basin is probably a post-Pluvial phenomenon.

Genus Sceloporus Wiegmann
Sceloporus magister uniformis Phelan and Brattstrom

Material Examined— Calif.: L. A. Co., 2 mi E Littlerock
(B.Y.U. 13175); Llano (B.Y.U. 15074-15079).

Nev.: Nye Co., NTS, Mercury (B.Y.U. 17420-33, 18982-3,
20805-14).

Variation — Smith (1939) noted that "there is no geographical
correlation in the . . . variational data. Extremes or near extremes
are found in all parts of the range of magister . . ." Phelan and
Brattstrom (1955) and Tanner (1956) have found sufficient dif-
ferences in some characteristics to warrant the designation of sub-
specific categories for several populations in and adjacent to the
southern and western portions of the Great Basin.

Males have a greater snout-vent length than females [<S 11
(92.09) 67-104; 9 15 (84.73) 47-100]. Femoral pores show only
slight differences in the sexes [d" H (25.8) 22-31; 9 15 (25.4) 23-
28]. Dorsal scales also show slight sexual differences [ d" 11 (32.73)
30-36; 9 15 (33.6) 31-36], as is likewise the case with ventrals
[d 11 (39.81) 36-43; 9 15 (39.4) 36-43]. There seem to be no
obvious differences between our limited samples from California and
Nevada.

Remarks — Populations of this species occur in the Mojave
Desert of southeastern California and adjacent Nevada and extend
northward into the basin of pluvial Lake Lahontan. It is not yet
established whether this species occurs in the Escalante Desert of the
southern Bonneville Basin. The higher elevations and more mesic
areas (pinon-juniper) separating the southern Bonneville Basin from
the Virgin River drainage may have prevented the establishment of
})opulations there.

Sceloporus undulatus elongatus Stejneger

Material Examined — Utah: Sevier Co. Sigurd. 9 5 mi SE
(B.Y.U. 12717), Mt. E Richfield (B.Y.U. 11840). Sanpete Co..
Manti (B.Y.U. 1469, 14167).

The Great Basin Naturalist
106 W. W. TANNER, B. H. BANTA Vol. XXVI, NoS. 3-4

Variation — 1 he limited samples available at this time do not
permit us to comment upon the relationships of this form to the
S. occidentalis complex. Our samples are so limited that we can only
list the meristic and morphometric data: Snout-vent length: cT 1 (61)
61; 9 2 (72.5) 70-25. Femoral pores: d 1 (38) 38; ? 2 (31) 25-
37. Dorsal scales: d 1 (46) 46; ? 2 (52) 51-53. Ventral scales:
d 1 (53) 53; 9 2 (52.5) 49-56.

Remarks — The occurrence of populations of S. undulatus elon-
gatus in only certain sections of the extreme limits of the eastern
Bonneville Basin suggests that this species probably did not occur in
the Bonneville Basin during the last Pluvial Period and populations
are only now beginning to move from the Upper Colorado Basin into
the more favorable areas provided since the drying up of Lake Bonne-
ville.

The relationships between the S. occidentalis complex and S. u.
elongatus need further study. We would suppose that .S". undulatus
elongatus is actually closer to 6". occidentalis than to the more eastern
North American populations of S. undulatus. Detailed color notes,
behavioral observations, ecological preferences, and possibly com-
parisons of blood serum proteins by available techniques of micro-
electrophoresis might help in resolving this problem.

Sceloporus occidentalis longipes Baird

Material Examined — Nev.: Elko Co, Lyman Sprs. (B.Y.U.
10766-70). Nye Co., NTS, Mercury (B.Y.U. 17414-9, 18504, 18729-
33, 20815-43, 20927). Douglas Co., 12 mi N State Line (B.Y.U.
16707).

Utah: Box Elder Co., Patterson Pass (B.Y.U. 11894-5); Tooele
Co., Low (U. of U. 933-4), 3 mi W Ophir (U. of U. 2014, 2016,
2018). Dugway P G (B.Y.U. 14796, 14824-9, U of U. 3399-3400),
10 mi N Ibapah (U. of U. 2894), Gold Hill (U. of U. 784-5), Desert
Mtns., 14 mi N and 12 mi E Wendover (U. of U. 3263-5). Utah
Co., Chimney Rock Pass (B.Y.U. 2201-9, 2839), Sunshine Cn.
(B.Y.U. 411), Elberta (B.YU 21711, 21720, 21722, 21577-9 and
21983-4), 7 mi W Elberta (B.Y.U. 21915, 22141, 22146), Geneva
slag pile (B.Y.U. 16656). Juab Co., Deep Cr. Mtns., Thomas Cr.
(B.Y.U. 11297). Millard Co, Desert Range Exp Sta. (B.Y.U. 8314).
Washington Co., 4 mi N Central (B.Y.U. 12191). Beaver Co., 4 mi
W Milford (B.Y.U. 21035, 21037, 21934).

Variation — Bell (1954) resurrected the name S. o. longipes for
Great Basin populations. Although some authors (e.g., Norris 1958)
have not recognized the validity of this designation, we believe
Great Basin populations are sufficiently distinct, based on meristic
and color pattern characteristics (Banta 1965) from populations oc-
curring in southwestern California and northern Baja California, as
to warrant such status.

Males attain a longer snout- vent length than females [d 10 (76)
69-83; 9 12 (72.33) 56-80]. Females have slightly more ventral
scales than males [9 12 (55.09) 49-60; d 8 (53.24) 52-56].

Dec. 31, 1966 review of great basin reptiles 107

Femoral pores show little sexual dimorphism [cT 8 (31) 28-33; 9 12
(30.5) 27-36], as is likewise the case with dorsal scales [d 8 (44.5)
43-46; 9 11 (44) 41-46]. The ventral color pattern of live lizards is
distinct when compared with other Sceloporus from the Great Basin
and particularly those occurring in the Bonneville Basin. A single
median blue throat spot and a yellowish-orange color on the legs
and edges of the abdomen are peculiar to this species.

Sceloporus graciosus graciosus Baird and Girard

Material Examined — Ida.: Cassia Co., Oakley (B.Y.U. 434,
1424).

Nev.: Elko Co., 20 mi E Wells (B.YU. 420, 1803). W. P. Co.,
Lehman Caves (B.Y.U. 645, 1802; Big Sp., Preston (B.Y.U. 9947),
Sacramento Pass (B.Y.U. 9754-6^). Hot Cr. Sprs. (B.Y.U. 9814), Ely
(B.Y.U. 18175 and 18253). Nye Co., Pahute Mesa, NTS (B.Y.U.
22222-4) .

Utah: Cache Co.. Wellsville Cn. (B.Y.U. 11910-15). Box Elder
Co., Patterson Pass (B.Y.U. 10348-54). Raft R. Mtns., Rosevere Cr.
(B.Y.U. 435, 1420, 1422). Rich Co., N fk. Woodruff Cr. (B.Y.U.
12629-30). S. L. Co., City Cr. Cn. (U. of U. 672). Utah Co., Prove
Bench (B.Y.U. 426, 1401-5. 1407, 1409-10, 1417, 1786-7, 11814-5),
West Cn. (B.Y.U. 2241-6, 2851, 13239), Aspen Gr. (B.Y.U.
2825, 3940-1), Grove Cr. (B.Y.U. 594, 1891-4), 4 mi SW Lehi
(B.Y.U. 2787, 4323-7), Payson (B.Y.U. 427), Spanish Fk. Cn.
(B.Y.U. 431, 1413, 1415-6), Oquiixh Mtns., West Cn. (B.Y.U. 643),
Cedar V. (B.Y.U. 4186-8), Diamond Fk. Cn. (B.Y.U. 422). Tooele
Co., Mercur (B.Y.U. 20976), 4 mi S Tooele (B.Y.U. 23574). Juab
Co., Yuba Dam (B.Y.U. 12887), 10 mi N Lynndyl (B.Y.U. 2730,
3019, 11872, 11880-2), Cherry Cr. (B.Y.U. 9060-2), Mammoth
(B.Y.U. 11839). Sanpete Co., Maple Cn. (U. of U. 513), Ephraim
(U. of U. 627-30), Indianola (B.Y.U. 11933-4), Fairview (B.Y.U.
2270-1, 2860). Sevier Co., Salina Cn. (U. of U. 1736-8). Richfield
(U. of U. 787-90, B.Y.U. 11841-3), 8 mi SE Sigurd (B.Y.U. 12621,
12702-4). Millard Co.. L}Tindyl (B.Y.U. 3691. 3693-4), Cove Ft.
(B.Y.U. 2037-8. 2717). Fillmore Cn. (U. of U. 2413-9. B.Y.U.
11942-3 and 16560). Antelope Sprs. (B.Y.U. 430. 1411-2, 1414,
1418). 15 mi NW Fillmore (B.Y.U. 11937, 11939-41). Beaver Co.,
Wildcat (B.Y.U. 9768. 9771, 9773-4). Garfield Co. Bryce Cn NP
(B.Y.U. 644, 1406), Hatch (U. of U. 236, 351, 928, 1352. 1715,
1739, 2009-15. 2248, 2266, 2269, 2273, 2276, 2281, 2285, 2312-22,
2714. 3095. 3102. 3224-5. 3235-6, and 3305-8). Piute Co, Marysvale
(B.Y.U. 439, 11837).

Variation — There seems to be only slight differences in snout-
vent length for males and females [cT 92 (48.77) 26-62; 9 86 (48.9)
26-68]. Femoral pore counts are slightlv higher in females [cT 91
(25.9) 21-30; 9 82 (26.4) 22-32] Dorsal scales are also similar in
number in the sexes [ cT 89 (48.5) 43-56; 9 87 (48.25) 37-57], and
the same situation applies to ventrals [ cT 88 (54.9) 46-62; 9 78
(54.2) 49-61]. We can conclude from these figures that sexual

The Great Basin Naturalist
108 W. W. TANNER, B. H. BANTA Vol. XXVI, NoS. 3-4

dimorphism is not as highly developed in the scale patterns in S.
graciosus as it is in most other iguanid lizards occurring in the Great
Rasin.

Remarks — The present distribution of S. graciosus, which is wide-
spread in the entire Ronneville Rasin, including the area formerly
inundated by Pluvial Lake Ronneville, relates the movements of the
populations from above the lake level in Pluvial times to lower ele-
vations at the present time.

The ecological distribution is also more extensive than that for
most other Great Rasin genera (except Eumeces and Phynosoma) .
Sagebrush lizards occur altitudinally from the desert flats well into
the higher Juniper-Pinyon Pine and oakbrush habitats. They are
known to reach elevations above 7,000 feet.

Genus Uta Raird and Girard
Uta stansburiana stansburiana Raird and Girard

Material Examined — Nev.: Elko Co., L3Tiian Sprs. (R.Y.U.
8305). Nye Co., 19 mi S Sunnyside (R.Y.U. 9783-7), NTS, Mercury
(R.Y.U. 17282-17307, 17331, 17462-17562, 17912-17914, 18973-
18976, 18986-18989, 20869-20926). W. P. Co., Lehman Cave
(R.Y.U. 614).

Utah: Rox EUder Co., Locomotive Sprs. (U. of U. 1684-6), Dol-
phin Id. (U. of U. 1742-3); Grouse Cr. Mtns., Rosebud Cr. (R.Y.U.
492), Lucin (R.Y.U. 493, 1558-9) 6 mi W, 12 mi N Corrina (U. of
U. 3248). Tooele Co., Sah Spr. (U. of U. 199), Low (U. of U. 938);
Willow Sprs. (U. of U. 674-6, 2348), 4 mi W Grants ville (U. of U.
1996-9, 2008), Ibapah (R.Y.U. 490, 1565-8), Gold Hill (U. of U.
461-471a-b, R.Y.U. 4193-4, 10188-91), Skull V. (U. of U. 1225. 938a.
638, 638b), Indian Sprs. (R.Y.U. 10054-6), Fish Spr. (R.Y.U.
9316-9). Dugway P G (U. of U. 3407-8), near Johnson's Pass,
Stansbury Mtns. (U. of U. 746-9), W side Great Salt L. (U. of U.
1717-8), Stansbury Id. (U. of U. 1747, 2328-30), Skull V.. W side,
2 mi S Orr's Ranch (U. of U. 527-534). Cedar Mtns. (U. of U.
501-4). S. L. Co., S. L. City (U. of U 858a, R.Y.U. 2921, 3516-8).
Utah Co, 2 mi W Elberta (U. of U. 713-5), Lake Mtns. (U. of U.
2335-6, 2350-1, 2323-7), 3 mi N Elberta (R.Y.U. 8197-8200, 8325,
8790, 10374-7), 2 mi W Elberta (U. of U. 713-5), Provo (R.Y.U.
616, 1690-1), Chimney Rock Pass (U. of U. 2039-68, R.Y.U. 2837,
8488, 9839, 12197, 2199-2200, 2215), Sunshine Cn. (RY.U. 436),
Payson (R.Y.U. 1018, 9793), 4 mi SW Lehi (R Y.U. 621, 2078. 2785.
4185, 8794, 8938-40), Pelican Pt, W side Utah L. (U. of U. 505,
615-621). Juab Co., Gandy Spr. (R.Y.U. 9296-9306), Yuba Dam
(R.Y.U. 9820, 11505-7) Lynndyl (RY.U. 9063-66), Trout Cr.
(RY.U. 9307-13), Cherry Cr. (R.Y.U. 3314-5), Callao (R.Y.U. 494,
1560, 9323). Sevier Co., Richfield (U. of U. 58-9), Sahna Cn. (U. of
U. 1724-35). Millard Co.. Desert Range Exp. Sta. (U. of U. 2806),
Margum Pass (R.Y.U. 9817-9, 11525-7), Lynndyl (R.Y.U. 623,
10178, 12456), Delta (R.Y.U. 12933), 2 mi S, 2 mi W Oak City

Dec. 31, 1966 review of great basin reptiles 109

(U. of U. 3302-4). Beaver Co.. Beaver (B.Y.U. 10275), Wah Wah
Spr. (B.Y.U. 11529-31).

Vari.\tion — Some aspects of the variation within populations of
this species seem to be "clinal." Camp (1916) noted that the number
or dorsal transverse scale rows increases from south to north. Parker
(1951) made a study of populations of this form in western Utah
and southern Nevada in an attempt to discern the boundary between
the then recognized subspecies stejnegeri and startsburiana. He
showed that the characters used to differentiate these two nomen-
clatural forms breaks dovsoi, and, although not stated specifically,
Parker's data eliminates stejnegeri (Schmidt 1921) from the Great
Basin fauna. The name U. s. stejnegeri should be restricted to popu-
lations inhabiting the Chihuahuan Desert of New Mexico, central
and eastern Arizona and adjacent regions in Mexico, as has already
been stated by Tanner and Jorgensen (1963).

Genus Phrynosoma Wiegmann
Phrynosoma douglassi ornatum Girard

Material Examined — Nev.: Washoe Co., Wadsworth (U. of U.
175). W. P. Co., Ely (B.Y.U. 18173-4, 18254).

Utah: Tooele Co., Rush V. (B.Y.U. 12711), Dugway P G
(B.Y.U. 14841-2), Tooele V. (U. of U. 368, 368a, 205), near Stans-
bury Id. (B.Y.U. 11977-8). S. L. Co., S. L. City (U. of U. 858b,
1968, 57369a, B.Y.U. 11973-4, 11976), Emigration Cn. (U. of U.
2846). Ft. Douglas (B.Y.U. 2778, 2097, U. of U. 9, 374, 1969-70,
2306), no definite locahtv (U. of U. 126-9). Utah Co., Mt. Tim-
panogos (B.Y.U. 8051-3); Lehi (B.Y.U. 2786), Alpine (U. of U.
369). 5 mi SW Saratoga (B.Y.U. 15091), Utah L., W side (U. of U.
2263), Provo (B.Y.U. 3356, 8062), Hobble Cr. Cn. (B.Y.U. 13132).
Millard Co., Desert Range Exp. Sta. (B.Y.U. 4331), Cove Ft. (B.Y.U.
8034). Juab Co., Eureka (B.Y.U. 8874), Fish Spr. (B.Y.U. 11979).
Sanpete Co., Indianola (B.Y.U. 6032, 14788), Fairview (B.Y.U.
2859). Sevier Co., Fish L. (B.Y.U. 11221). Garfield Co., Bryce Cn.
N P (B.Y.U. 1838, 8055, 11982, 14782). Washington Co., Blue Sprs.
(B.Y.U. 3103).

Variation — The most recent review of the genus is that of
Reeve (1952). Several of the morphological characters used to separ-
ate the various nominal varieties of P. douglassi are of questionable
significance. The bordering of the dorsal spots posteriorly and
mesially in a light color is a variable one suggesting clinal trends.
At the present time we have not examined adequate samples of
populations of this lizard to show the extent of variation within any
one geographic area in the Great Basin.

Females have a greater mean snout- vent length than males
[9 23 (66.9) 28-94; d" 11 (60.9) 39-88]. Femoral pores are only
slightly greater in males than in females [ $ 33 (28.9) 20-33; cT 10
(29.8) 25-36], and there are onlv slight dimorphic differences in
ventral scales [ ? 21 (68.9) 62-80^ cT 9 (68.4) 61-76].

The Great Basin Naturalist
110 W. W. TANNER, B. H. BANTA Vol. XXVI, NoS. 3-4

Remarks — Bell (1829) in the original description of P. douglassi
remarked that these homed lizards are always found near water.
Many of the distribution records are from higher elevations. Cocker-
ell (1901) recorded a specimen of the related subspecies hernandesi
collected at 10,000 feet in the Las Vegas Mountains in New Mexico.
Specimens from Bryce Canyon National Park were taken from
localities up to 9,000 feet.

From the available distribution records one could develop the
hypothesis that populations of P. douglassi could have, and probably
did, have a much more extensive distribution in the western Great
Basin during the various moist periods of the Pleistocene. With the
subsequent desiccation of the intermontane pluvial lakes and the
incursion of more southern forms into the northern valleys, coupled
with the climatic changes leading to the development of desert or
semi-desert conditions, populations of P. douglassi have been and
possibly still are continuing to retreat northward in the valleys and
to the more hmnid environs afforded by the higher mountain ranges.

Phrynosoma platyrhdnos platyrhinos Girard

Material Examined — Nev.: Nve Co., NTS, Mercury (B.Y.U.
17436-17461, 18968, 18977-8, 18987, 20863-8), Warn Spr. (B.Y.U.
18053). Washoe Co., Wadsworth (U. of U. 803). W. P. Co.: Sunny-
side (B.Y.U. 10535).

Utah: Box Elder Co., Lucin (B.Y.U. 13016). Tooele Co., Fish
Spr. (B.Y.U. 9416, 12957), Cedar Mtns. (U. of U. 202), Tooele V.
(U. of U. 440-2), Low (U. of U. 936), CroU Hill (B.Y.U. 14781,
U. of U. 2119), Skull v.. Willow Spr. (U. of U. 1224a), Skull
v., 18 mi SW Orr's Ranch (U. of U. 2233), Cobblestone den,
near Grantsville (U. of U. 2007, 2826, 2827a), Utah-Nev. line
on rd. to Gold Hill and Ibapah (U. of U. 3058), Desert Mtns.,

14 mi N and 9 mi E Wendover (U. of U. 3250-6), Desert Mtns.,

15 mi N and 13 mi E Wendover (U. of U. 3271-3), Dugway PG, SE
Camel Back (U. of U. 3403-5), Dugway PG, 2 mi W Cedar Mtn.
(U. of U. 3409), Dugway PG, Whiskey Spr. Cn. (U. of U. 3406).
Weber Co., Ogden (U. of U. 1699). Utah Co, Chimney Rock Pass
(B.Y.U. 2838, 12557, U. of U. 2023-5, 2069-72, 2074), Blowhole
country, W side Utah L. (U. of U. 2210-16). Juab Co , Yuba Dam
(B.YU. 9956-7). Topaz Mtn. (B.Y.U. 9073). Millard Co.. Iber
(B.Y.U. 12679), Desert Range Expr. Sta. (B.Y.U. 12954, 12957),
Gandy (B.Y.U. 9407), Delta (U. of U. 1937).

Variation — Phrynosoma platyrhinos occurs in the Great Basin,
portions of Upper Colorado Basin of southeastern Utah, northern
Arizona and the Colorado Basin of southeastern Utah, northern
Arizona and the Colorado Desert of southern California and north-
eastern Baja California. The species complex, as it is now understood,
suggests that the group as a whole is in need of review beyond that
provided by Reeve (1952).

Utah samples show slight sexual differences in snout-vent length
[cf 19 (67.1) 52-79; ? 23 (67.8) 31-80], whereas in the Nevada

Dec. 31,1 966 review of great basin reptiles 111

Test Site material the females are larger than the males [c? 19
(63.57) 29-78; 9 13 (67.84) 35-87]. Femoral pore counts exhibit
slight sexual differences in both the Utah and Nevada material:

Nevada d 18 (17.66) 14-21; 9 13 (18.15) 16-21
Utah cT 20 (19.7 ) 16-24; 9 24 (18.66) 14-26

In Nevada specimens ventrals are noticeably higher in females
than males [9 13 (85.54) 74-92; d 19 (82.68) 74-90] but in Utah
samples they are only slightly higher in males [ cf 20 (78.55) 68-88;
9 26 (77) 68-87].

Rem.arks — Bryant (1911) wrote that P. platyrhinos "is truly a
desert species and is found in the most arid and barren places."
Available records tend to support Bryant's statement, with modifica-
tions to the effect that populations also occur in areas that are not
extremely arid. Populations of this lizard also exhibit a considerable
altitudinal and latitudinal distribution. However, they do not seem
to occur at such high elevations or in such moist situations as do
populations of P. douglassi.

Reeve (1952) regarded P. platyrhinos as one of the oldest mem-
bers of the genus. On the basis of an examination of the distribu-
tional records alone. Reeve's interpretation may be untenable. Mor-
phologically, P. platyrhinos is a motre complex form than douglassi.
Combine the distributional data with that of morphology, with
douglassi occurring in more moist areas and with far fewer expres-
sions of development of the ornamentation of cephalic spines, and
the conclusion that douglassi is more primitive than platyrhinos
could be drawn. We are inclined to accept platyrhinos as the most
specialized and aggressive homed lizard in the Great Basin.

Family Xantusidae
Genus Xantusia Baird
Xantusia vigilis vigilis Baird

Material Examined — Calif.: S. B. Co., Cajon Pass (B.Y.U.
2733, 3025, 3030-31, U. of U. 102, 104).

Nev.: Nye Co., NTS, Mercury (B.Y.U. 17932, 21760-21780).

Variation — Sexual dimorphism is not well developed and we
did not reliably determine the sexes of the samples observed. Such
a reliable sex determination would necessitate histological section
of the gonads, and this was not done.

There are slight differences to be noted in the sample from Mer-
cury, Nevada, in comparison to Cajon Pass. California. The Cali-
fornia samples had a slightly larger mean dorsal scale count of 104
(N = 6) in comparison to 100 81 (N=16) for Mercury. The ventral
counts for the California samples were lower (28.66— N= 6) than
the Mercury samples (30.06 — N=16). The mean snout-vent
lengths of the California samples were larger (41— N=:6) than the
Mercury samples (35.5— N=20). It must be pointed out that these

The Great Basin Naturalist
112 W. W. TANNER, B. H. BANTA Vol. XXVI, Nos. 3-4

are very tentative comparisons and a much more intensive examina-
tion of xantusiid material is necessary before more exact parameters
of variation within the various populations can be determined.

Data available for the Washington County. Utah, population
provides the following averages for dorsals (104.00), ventrals (29.12)
and femoral pores (16.40). The slight variations suggest that the
Great Basin populations of X. vigilis are similar throughout but with
slight clinical variations appearing such as in femoral pores, Cajon
Pass (14.83), iMercury (16.14) and SW Utah (16.40). Variations
of additional characters of Xantusia are listed by Tanner (1957).

Remarks — Turner (1959) reported the collection of several
specimens of this species from various elevations in the Panamint
Mountains, Inyo County. California, ranging as high as 8,500 feet.
Previously populations of X. vigilis were unknown from such high
altitudes and the species was considered to be restricted to the
Joshua tree covered alluvial fans and flaked granite outcrops of the
lower mountain ranges. Turner's report opens up an entirely new
aspect of the distribution of X. vigilis. On just what mountain ranges
do populations occur? What is the actual extent of altitudinal varia-
tion of their distribution? Banta (1963b) has remarked upon the
species' occurrence in the Inyo and Nelson Mountains of the Saline
Valley hydrographic basin, Inyo County, in situations where Joshua
trees are either nonexistent or greatly reduced.

The restriction of populations of this lizard to special moist
situations either in decaying Joshua tree trunks or under debris at
the higher elevations of the mountain ranges in the southwestern
Great Basin suggests that the animal could have survived around the
lake-filled basins during the various Pluvial periods. With the
desiccation of the various lakes and the developing aridity, the
lizard presumably retreated to the favorable situations afforded by
Joshua trees and the higher elevations of the desert mountain ranges.

According to Savage (1952) the subspecies X. v. vigilis is be-
lieved to be the progenitor to the nominal forms that he discussed
from Baja California, Mexico.

Family Teiidae Gray
Genus Cnemidophorus Wagler
Cnemidophorus tigris tigris Baird and Girard

Material Examined — Nev.: Nye Co., NTS, Mercury (B.Y.U.
17269-72, 17281, 17334-17368, 17563-17616, 20844-20862); I^ckes
(B.Y.U. 18051-2).

Utah: Box Elder Co., Bird Id., Great S. L. (U. of U. 793). Tooele
Co., Dugway PG (B.Y.U. 14811-7, 14851, 14874, U. of U. 3395-8),
Cedar Mtns. (U. of U. 463). Desert Mtns., 14.5 mi N and 12 mi E
Wendover (U. of U. 3257-62); Skull V. (U. of U. 842), Low (U. of
U. 935-935a), Knoll (B.Y.U. 2919), Gold Hill (B.Y.U. 11951). S. L.
Co., S. L. City (U. of U. 3012, 496-9, 508-9, 646-7, 2275), Univ.

Dec. 31, 1966 review of great basin reptiles 113

Utah (U. of U. 355). Dry Cn. (U. of U. 419), City Cr. Cn. (U. of U.
671), North S. L. City (U. of U. 2264), near Ft. Douglas (U. of U.
3410), Sandv (U. of U. 269). Utah Co., Elberta (B.Y.U. 16603-6),
Rock Cn. (B.Y.U. 8758), Provo, Bonneville Bench (B.Y.U. 578),
Springville (U. of U. 487), Blowhole country. W side Utah L. (U.
of U. 2288-92, 2337), Grove Cr. (B.Y.U. 586,^1824), 6 mi N Goshen
(B.Y.U. 577. 1806-7, 1880, 11944. 8493-5). Millard Co., Sand dunes
(B.Y.U. 10177), Lynndyl (U. of U. 464), Oak City, 2 mi S and 2 mi
W (U. of U. 3309-14). Sevier Co., Richfield (U. of U. 139), Salina
Cn. (U. of U. 1719-23). Juab Co., 4 mi E Cherry Cr. (B.Y.U. 9402,
13024). Iron Co., Cedar City (B.Y.U. 194). Beaver Co., Wah Wah
Spr. (B.Y.U. 11949).

V.'>iRi.\TioN — Camp (1916) remarked that specimens from the
southern areas of this lizard's distributional range possessed darker
ventral colors and a larger size than the lizards obtained in the more
northern areas. Burt (1931) noted that in Great Basin specimens
"the dorsal coloration ... is predominantly brown and the ventral
coloration often deep black or slaty," and that "specimens from the
lower levels, particularly from deserts, tend to become brownish
above and black below, whereas those from the higher, more moun-
tainous districts tend to become black above in ground color and white
below." In the desert specimens "the dorsal pattern is poorly de-
fined, but it is well defined in the mountain specimens."

Specimens examined show some sexual dimorphism in snout-vent
length with males being larger than females. This is true of the
limited Utah samples [cT 11 (79.63) 44-99; 9 8 (74.5) 42-97]. and
the more extensive Nevada Test Site material [c? 52 (85.63) 76-95;
9 43 (83.74) 71.98]. There is only limited sexual dimorphism in
femoral pores and dorsal scales. As already indicated there are
significant differences in size between the Utah and Nevada Test
Site samples. However, we desire additional material from more
areas in western Utah before final evaluation is made of these data.

Remarks — This single representative species of the essentially
South American lizard family Teiidae (Dunn. 1931) is widespread
throughout the entire Great Basin and adjacent areas. Although
large f)opulations are frequently found in the numerous Great Basin
valleys, they also occur in the lower foothill areas as well.

The extreme variation in altitude and latitude exhibited by
present populations of this lizard suggests that previous populations
could have survived the pluvial periods in and around the freshwater
lakes extant at that time.

Family Scincidae Gray

Genus Eumeces Wiegmann

Eumeces skiltonianus utahensis W. Tanner

Material Examined — Ida.: Bannock Co., Lava Hot Spr. (B.Y.U.
11645).

The Great Basin Naturalist
1 14 W. W. TANNER, B. H. BANTA Vol. XXVI, NOS. 3-4

Nev.: Lincoln Co.. Pioche (B.Y.U. 533). Nye Co.. NTS, Mer-
cury (B.Y.U. 17933-17928, 22208 and 22225). W. P. Co., Lehman
Caves, N.M., Baker (B.Y.U. 13753-55).

Utah: Beaver Co., Milford (B.Y.U. 535. 23576-7 and 23578-80),
12.3 mi N Beaver on v^^est side highway 91 (B.Y.U. 12661-12664,
12705, 12706, 12725, 12726). Box Elder Co., 8 mi W Rosette (U. of
U. 2652). Juab Co., Cherry Cr. (B.Y.U. 9067). Piute Co., near
Circleville (U. of U. 1326). S. L. Co., Ft. Douglas (U. of U. 361).
Sanpete Co.. Ephraim (U. of U. 189). Sevier Co., 9 mi SE Sigurd
(B.Y.U. 11759-60, 12639-42), .3 mi E Sevier-Millard Co. line (B.Y.U.
12660). Summit Co., Peoa (B.Y.U. 648). Tooele Co., 5 mi N Ibapah
(U. of U. 2637), Faust Cn. (U. of U. 1671). Utah Co., Cabins West
Cn. (B.Y.U. 2849-50, 2217-30, 2292-3, 2231-3139, 15048, 16621,
16651, 21939-21948), Diamond Fork Cn. (B.Y.U. 2780). Spanish
Fork Cn. (B.Y.U. 536, 1795-6), Cedar V. (B.Y.U. 537, 2099), West
Cn., N Cedar Ft. (B.Y.U. 12652-7, 12659, 13133-13750 13766,
13756-13765, 13778-80), Cn. above Mercur (B.Y.U. 12651), Cedar
V. (B.Y.U. 6945-6, 10402, 11970). Washington Co., Pinto (B.Y.U.
10540).

Remarks — The distributional pattern of this form is somewhat
comparable with the iguanids Sceloporus occidentalis and S. gra-
ciosus. Like both S. occidentalis and S. graciosus, E. skiltonianus in-
habits lower elevations in the northern Great Basin and is restricted
to higher altitudes of the larger isolated mountain ranges in the
south. Also, as for S. occidentalis, the larger, more continuous popu-
lations of the species complex occur in mountain ranges and foothill
areas of the Pacific Coast of California, Oregon and Washington.

Knowledge pertaining to the distribution of this species is ex-
tremely spotty. This is due primarily to the fact that collecting
activities have been restricted, and, owing to the fact that in those
areas visited by the numerous collectors of zoological specimens over
the years, concern for obtaining suitable samples of lizard specimens
has been limited.

Populations of Eumeces skiltonianus possibly could have occupied
more extensive areas than at present during some of the more humid
periods of the Tertiary, which, according to the works of Axelrod
(1940, 1948, 1950, 1956, 1957, 1958) and Wells and Jorgensen
(1964), is borne out by the paleobotanical record from many
localities in the Great Basin.

According to Norris (1958) the "lack of differentiation of the
isolated populations points to a Pleistocene separation." As has been
pointed out by Banta (1963b) populations of this lizard would have
been very comfortable in the more moist environments surrounding
the various Pluvial lakes during the Pleistocene. With the desiccation
of the Pluvial lakes, as a result of increasingly arid conditions,
populations survived only in the more mesic niches occurring in the
higher mountain ranges or along the courses of the more permanent
streams. This type of distribution is particularly apparent in the
mountains of Nevada.

Dec. 31, 1966 review of great basin reptiles 115

Eumeces gilberti rubricaudatus Taylor

Material Examined — Calif.: Inyo Co., Nelson Mtns., Saline
Valley hydrographic basin (B.Y.U. 16566).

Remarks — The distribution of this skink is poorly known in the
southeastern Great Basin. Hardy (1948) reported a specimen from
the Sheep Mountains, indicating that the distribution extends across
southern Nevada east of Saline Valley. Banta (1962) reported the
occurrence of this species in the Spring (Charleston) Mountains of
Clark County. Bradley and Deacon (1966) reported additional
material verifying the occurrence of this species in the Spring Moun-
tains.

Order: Serpentes

Family: Boidae

Genus Charina Gray

Charina bottae utahensis Van Denburgh

Material Examined — Ida.: B. L. Co., Paris (B.Y.U. 93).

Utah: Weber Co., Ogden (U. of U. 1746). Davis Co., Ward Cn.
(U. of U. 2832). S. L. Co., S. L. City (U. of U. 832, 2003, 1984, 2118,
2243, 2828, 2648, 2825), Alta (U. of U. 2844), Little Cottonwood
Cn. (U. of U. 3222). Summit Co., Woodland (B.Y.U. 2850). Wasatch
Co., Wallsburg (B.Y.U. 2936). Utah Co., Aspen Grove (B.Y.U. 87,
91, 95, 674, 690, 842-850, 888, 1386-7. 1834-5, 1951-54, 3644, 4303-4,
8091, 8484, 8885, 10238-42), Provo Cn. (B.Y.U. 94, 676, 2828,
6052). American Fk. Cn. (B.Y U. 691, 2865, 14696), Hobble Cr. Cn.
(B.Y.U. 2937), Payson Cn. (B.Y.U. 699. 2725), Rock Cn. (B.Y.U.
676). Juab Co., Salt Cr. Cn. (U. of U. 3015-6). Sanpete Co., 4 mi E
Fairview (B.Y.U. 11768).

Variation — Van Denburgh (1920b) and Klauber (1943) have
shown some of the distinct features of the Great Basin populations
compared with those populations inhabiting the more humid regions
of the Pacific Coast of North America. Comparable samples from
the Toyabe Range (Linsdale 1938, 1940) and other central Great
Basin mountains are not yet available for systematic assessment.
Only those populations in the Wasatch Mountains along the eastern
edge of the Great Basin have been sampled sufficiently to provide
variation data (Tanner. 1933).

Snout-vent lengths of males are noticeably greater than females
[cT 22 (390.72) 202-533; $ 26 (344.27) 170-586]. This is hkewise
true of tail lengths [d 22 (59.36) 27-83; 9 26 (53.27) 22-72].
There is onlv slight sexual differences in the number of ventral
plates [d" 24" (204.5) 193-214; $ 32 (205) 196-212]. Caudal scales
are greater in males than females [d 23 (36.7) 35-38; 9 31 (35.7)
23-38]. Dorsal scales at midbodv are also slightlv greater in males
than in females [d"23 (41. 8 j 40-46; 9 32 (41) 39-44].

Remarks — The disjunction of the distribution of populations
of this animal as demonstrated by available published records (Lins-

The Great Basin Naturalist
116 W. W. TANNER, B. H. BANTA Vol. XXVI, NoS. 3-4

dale, 1938, 1940) indicate its preference for more humid environ-
ments. Indeed this would suggest that C. bottae enjoyed a wdder
distribution during the moister periods of the Pluvial periods and
that the present disjunct distributions reflect the environmental
changes brought about by the relatively recent desiccation of fresh
water lakes in many areas of the Great Basin. Rubber boas occur in
isolated island populations in those higher mountain ranges afford-
ing suitable habitat.

Family Colubridae
Genus Thamnophis Fitzinger
Thamnophis elegans vagrans Baird and Girard

MATERIAL Examined— Ida.: B. L. Co., Paris (B.Y.U. 517, 1613).
Franklin Co., Clifton (B.Y.U. 250).

Wyo: Uinta Co., Fossil (B.Y.U. 207).

Utah: Box Elder Co., lYemonton (B.Y.U. 180), Snowville
(B.Y.U. 182), Rosevere Cr. (B.Y.U. 177, 1038 1040). Daggett Co..
Manila (B.Y.U. 18244, 12986). Cache Co., Logan Cn. (B.Y.U. 186,
1047, 1084), Tony Grove (B.Y.U. 513, 1611-2), Wellsville Cn.
(B.Y.U. 185). Summit Co.. Beaver Cr. (B.Y.U. 178). S. L. Co.. S. L
City (B.Y.U. 14680). Juab Co., 30 mi N Delta (B.Y.U. 582). Utah
Co., West Cn. (B.Y.U. 2216, 2240, 2848), Nebo Cn. (B.Y.U. 510),
Goshen (B.Y.U. 204), Provo (B.YU. 181 203. 377, 387, 1031-1035.
1039, 1041, 1044-6, 1050, 1059, 1066, 1085-7, 1133. 1382-3, 8746-7,
9155-6, 10246-9, 10254, 12999, 13003-4, 14677-8, U. of U. 386, 684-5,
3174-7), Spanish Fk. (B.Y.U. 383-4. 1319, 1390-2). Alpine (U. of U.
119, 818), Aspen Gr. (B.Y.U. 102, 187, 1048-9, 1067-1083, 1643).
Altamount (B.Y.U 565), American Fk. (B.Y.U. 14681), Payson
(U. of U. 2469-77). Powell Slough (U. of U. 807), Lehi (B.Y.U. 193.
367, 1053, 1058, 1311-4), Provo (B.Y.U. 14991-9, 15025-15034), E
side Provo Airport (B.Y.U. 16618-20). Carterville (B.Y.U. 16625)
Millard Co., Gandy (B.Y.U. 184, 1 042-3 ). Beaver Co.. 2 mi E Miners-
ville (B.Y.U. 579, 1808). Sanpete Co., Fairview (B.YU. 2753), E
Gunnison Reservoir (B.Y.U. 2755). Spring City (B.Y.U. 366). Piute
Co., Kingston (B Y.U. 12916-7) Garfield Co., Bryce Cn. NP (B.Y.U.
544), Antimony (B.Y.U. 174). Washington Co., Enterprise (B.Y.U.
320).

Variation— Fitch (1940, 1948), Tanner (1950), and Fox
(1951b), have provided the most recent studies of variation of this
garter snake within the Great Basin and adjacent areas.

Mean snout-vent lengths are piuch p^renter in mr>les '^han females
[c?75 (390.3) 168-577; ? 75 (303.72) 150-594]. Tliis difference is
also exhibited by tail lengths [d 62 (1398) 53-195; 9 65 (117.5)
50-186]. Pronounced sexual dimorphism also occurs in scale char-
acters. Ventral plates are greater in number in males than females
[d 85 (171.8) 164-180; 9 71 (166.24) 158-178] as is likevrise the
case with caudals [d 75 (84.6) 61-94; 9 66 (76.77) 67-91]. Dorsal

Dec. 31,1 966 review of great basin reptiles 117

scales at midbody are very slightly greater in females than males
[9 72 (20.83) 19-21; d" 84 (20.7) 19-21]. Variations occurring in
populations from the eastern Great Basin and including many of
the specimens listed above as well as specimens from adjoining
populations is summarized by Tanner (1950).

Remarks — The fact that a number of specimens of this wide-
ranging garter snake have been found away from the immediate
proximity to water indicates its adaptation to more terrestrial con-
ditions. I'his fact alone would account for its pronounced success
and present wide distribution throughout the Great Basin. Popula-
tions of this snake could have enjoyed as wdde or possibly even a
much wider distribution, particularly in the desert valleys, during
the more Pluvial periods.

Thamnophis sirtalis parietalis Say

Material Examined — Ida.: Franklin Co., Clifton (B.Y.U. 251).

Utah: Box Elder Co., Brigham City (U. of U. 348-9). Chesapeake
Gun Club (U. of U. 1350), Cache Co., Dry L. (B.Y.U. 508, 512,
1605-7, 1659, 1678), Logan (B.Y.U. 2833). Davis Co., Farmington
(U. of U. 944, 944a, 945, 945a. 946a), Woods Cross (U. of U. 114-5,
1122, 1220), 1/2 mi SW Phillips Oil Refinery (U. of U. 3054-6, 3060,
3071, 3074, 3076), Kaysville (U. of U. 333), 1/2 mi N Woods Cross
(B.Y.U. 23709-17, 23726). Rich Co., Bear L. (B.Y.U. 209, 929, 1089).
Salt Lake Co., S. L. City (U. of U. 46, 204, 204a, 388), Farmington
Bay Refuge, 15 mi NW S. L. City (U. of U. 3144-5). Utah Co., Provo
(BT.U. 210, 382. 1090-92, 1096, 1171, 1384. 1296, 12970-4), Payson
(U. of U. 2467-8), American Fk (U. of U. 363). Powell's Slough,
Utah L. Shore (U. of U. 808). Salem (B.Y.U. 8750-1), Benjamin
(B.Y.U. 8749). Weber Co., Farr West (B.Y.U. 208), Ogden (U. of
U. 328).

Variation — The ventrals and caudals are higher in the males
than in the females [d 34 (164.56) 159-170; 9 40 (160.50) 156-
168]. Caudals [ d" 31 (83.48) 78-89; 9 34 (76.76) 72-84]. There is
also a sexual dimorphism in the ratio of the tail to total length with
the males 2 to 3 percent longer, [d" 17 (252) 238-267; 9 11 (235)
222-248]. The infralabials vary between 9 and 10 with many speci-
mens having a formula of 9-10.

Remarks — Although Fitch and Maslin (1961) provided a re-
description of several rect^nized subspecies of Thamnophis sirtalis,
thev did not provide specific variation or locality data for material
examined in the eastern Cireat Basin. Their general statement that
scalation is remarkably uniform, that variation follows clines and is
chiefly to be found in the color pattern agrees generally with our
findings. We have examined eighty specimens from the Great Basin
and compared them with a small series from the Snale River drain-
age and a series from Kansas.

The skin pattern as represented for fitchi (Fitch and Maslin,
Fig. 2) does not represent the pattern generally found in Utah

The Great Basin Naturalist
118 W. W. TANNER, B. H. BANTA Vol. XXVI, NoS. 3-4

sirtalis. Although there is individual variation, most specimens show
the small red spots above the major red H marks (between the 7-9
scale rows). This character is similar to parietalis except that in the
Utah series a darker background usually surrounds the red splotches.

The paired dark dots on the anterior edge of each ventral in
parietalis are also present in most (60 percent) of the Utah series.
There is considerable variation as to size, darkness of spot and their
regular occurrence on each ventral. There is obviously a difference
when compared with Kansas parietalis and yet if one is to choose
between presence or absence of ventral spots as a key character,
most specimens would fall into the parietalis subspecies.

Four clutches of young were examined (3 Utah and 1 Kansas)
to determine if there was a difference in the color pattern between
young and adults. None could be noted; however, it was noted that
the individuals of two Utah clutches had ventral spots, whereas in
the third, most were without.

On the basis of the material examined we are not convinced that
the Continental Divide is the dividing line between parietalis and
fitchi. If specimen characteristics are the criteria to be used, then the
Utah series is, on the basis of percentage, a part of parietalis. We be-
lieve that the populations in southeastern Idaho and northern Utah
are more closely related to parietalis, but that the influence of fitchi
is apparent in some local populations, and will become more obvious
in more western populations.

We note that Fitch and Maslin (1961:304) place sirtalis in the
Sevier River valley; however, their distribution map (Fig. 1) extends
only into Utah Valley. Our records conform to the distribution map.

Genus Diadophis Baird and Girard
Diadophis regalis regalis Baird and Girard

Material Examined — Ida.: Franklin Co., Preston (U.A. Coll.).

Nev.: Lincoln Co., 1 mi E Caliente (B.YU. 11113).

Utah: Tooele Co., Dugway PG (B.Y.U. 14797-8). Utah Co., Pole
Cn. (U. of U. 2006), S fork West Cn. (B.Y.U. 13775, 14168-9, 14672-
3, 23329-30). Piute Co., Circleville (B.Y.U. 2701). Millard Co., Fill-
more (B.Y.U. 11246). Juab Co., Birch Cr. Cn. (U. of U. 1213).
Beaver Co., 10 mi S Minersville (B.Y.U. 21759).

Variation — In the limited samples available females have a
longer snout-vent length than males [d" 4 (341) 280-378; 9 10
(351.25) 167-573]. Tail lengths are slightly greater in males than in
females [d 4 (87) 71-106; ? 10 (84.75) 34-120]. Ventral plates
are significantly greater in females [d 4 (209.33) 208-211; 9 10
(227.37) 219-233], and caudals are noticeablv greater in males [cT
3 (73.66) 72-76; 9 8 (67.5) 62-72]. Dorsal scales at midbody were
usually 17. In none is there an indication of a nape band.

Remarks — As the present records indicate, this is one of a group
of colubrid snakes which seems to be restricted to the more moist east-

Dec. 31,1 966 review of great basin reptiles 119

em portions of the Great Basin. Its near total absence from the west-
em Great Basin, according to available records, would not indicate a
wider distribution into central Nevada during the Pluvial periods.
However, the present spotty distribution in Utah and the difficulty
in finding it i)revents us from precluding its presence in higher
ranges of central Nevada.

Genus Coluber Linnaeus
Coluber constrictor mormon Baird and Girard

Material Examined — Ida.: Franklin Co., Clifton (B.Y.U. 108,
894-896).

Utah: Box Elder Co., Blue Ridge Mts. (B.Y.U. 98). Cache Co.,
Dry Lake (B.Y.U. 509), Wellsville Cn. (B.Y.U. 102), Logan (B.Y.U.
2832). Davis Co., Woods Cross (U. of U. 2840-3), Farmington (U.
of U. 1453. 1752-54), Farmington Bay (B.Y.U. 2728). S. L. Co.,
S. L. City (U. of U. 2644, 858c, 2808, 1755-6; B.Y.U. 105), Ft.
Douglas (U. of U. 9, B.Y.U. 2777), mth. Emigration Cn. (U. of U.
1400-1). Antelope Id. 5 mi S (U. of U. 2193). Utah Co., Alpine (U.
of U. 9A, 9B, B.Y.U. 633), Provo Cn.. N. fk. (B.Y.U. 15014), Provo
Cn.. Girl Scout Camp (B.Y.U. 15014), Provo (B.Y.U. 101, 103,
22094), Hobblecreek Cn. (B.Y.U. 107), Diamond Fk. Cn. (B.Y.U.
104), Aspen Grove (B.Y.U. 110), Rattlesnake spur (B.Y.U. 13043),
Saratoga Den (B.Y.U. 1704), Salem Pond (B.Y.U. 2992). Millard
Co., Oak Cr. R. S. (U. of U. 3354-6). Sanpete Co., Ephraim
(U. of U. 2a-c). Tooele Co.. Tooele V. (U. of U. 350). Morgan Co.,
Morgan (U. of U. 223), E. Como Spr. (U. of U. 1210). Weber Co.,
Farr West (B.Y.U. 109).

Vari.\tion — Sexual dimorphism is developed in the samples
examined. Males have a sHghtly lower ventral count than females
[cT 16 (170.8) 167-178; 9 15 (172.8) 168-180]. Females have a
lower number of caudals [d 16 (93.12) 86-100; 9 11 (88.27) 84-
92].

Approximately one third of the specimens have seven supra-
labials on one or both sides; the others have eight. Infralabials have
about the same ratio (1.2) of eight and nine scales respectively. The
dorsals are uniformly 17 rows anteriorly but are occasionally 16 at
the vent.

Remarks — This is a wide-ranging snake. It occurs not only in
much of the Great Basin but extends to the Pacific Coast regions of
California, Oregon and Washington in a distribution pattern some-
what resembling that of the boid Charina bottae. However, popula-
tions of the yellow-bellied racer do not seem to be restricted to as
moist an environment as C. bottae and in the Great Basin are fre-
quently found where streams extend out into the sagebrush-steppe
areas which occupy much of the northern parts of the region It is
unlikely that the yellow-bellied racer was affected as much as other
Great Basin reptiles by the more moist conditions which prevailed
during Pluvial times.

The Great Basin Naturalist
120 W. W. TANNER, B. H. BANTA Vol. XXVI, NoS. 3-4

The habitat of this species has been extended in those areas where
irrigation is practiced. Presumably it originally inhabited only the
stream-side habitats of the valleys and from the oak brush foot hills
up to the aspen-conifer forest at elevations of 7,000 ft. Adults have
been taken in the spring and fall as they emerged or entered dens
also occupied by Crotalus and Pituophis.

Genus Masticophis Baird and Girard
Masticophis taeniatus taeniatus Hallowell.

Material Examined — Nev.: Churchill Co.. 90 mi E Fallon
(B.Y.U. 16650). Nye Co., NTS, Mercury (B.Y.U. 17409. 18755-6).

Utah: Box Elder Co., Locomotive Sprs. (U. of U. 2000-2004,
917-8, 918a). Tooele Co., Dugway PG (B.Y.U. 14823), betw. Ophir
and Mercur (U. of U. 2032), Grantsville (U. of U. 1960, 1967, 2478,
2482), Wendover, 15 mi N and 9 mi E (U. of U. 3253), Lookout
Pass (U. of U. 1219a), Gold Hill (B.Y.U. 2998). Utah Co.. Meseda
Bench Prospect (B.Y.U. 14986), Blowholes, W side Utah L. (U. of
U.), Cedar V. (U. of U. 1299, B.Y.U. 2779, 14684), Chimney Rock
Pass (B.Y.U. 2842, 14685), Lake Mtn., W side (B.Y.U. 386). Mil-
lard Co., 20 mi W Hinckley (B.Y.U. 16590), 3 mi N Cove Ft.
(B.Y.U. 568), Desert Range Exper. Sta. (B.Y.U. 563, 1637, 1809).
Juab Co., Dividend (B.Y.U. 247), Topaz Mtn. (B.Y.U. 9072).
Beaver Co., Milford V. between Milford and Minersville (B.Y.U.
564, 1640-1). Iron Co., Cedar City (B.Y.U. 392).

Variation — Dorsal scale rows at midbody are 15 in all the
above specimens. Variation occurs before the vent where there may
be 11, 12 or 13 rows. Approximately 65 percent have 12 rows with
11 more common than 13 rows. Sexual dimorphism occurs in the
ventrals and caudals, with the females having the higher average
ventral count [ $ 21 (207.14) 199-218; d 27 (204.52) 199-210]
and the males the higher average caudal count [cf 21 (139.29)
127-143; 9 19 (132.21) 124-147]. Supralabials are usually 8, occa-
sionally 7 or 9. Infralabials are more commonly 9 but with many
specimens having 10.

Remarks — Populations of this snake are widespread in the
northern two-thirds of the Great Basin. In the southwestern Great
Basin populations have become restricted to the higher mountain
ranges surrounded by inhospitable hot desert valleys in contrast to
the large populations on the foothills and in the valleys of western
Utah. This disjunction would tend to indicate that the species did
have a wider distribution, probably during Pluvial times, and the
distribution we find today occurred during the interval since desicca-
tion of Pluvial lakes and the drastic environmental changes which
have occurred since.

Masticophis flagellum piceus Cope

Material Examined — Calif.: Inyo Co., Oasis (B.Y.U. 18048).

Dec. 31, 1966 review of great basin reptiles 121

Nev.: Nye Co., NTS, Mercury (B.Y.U. 17401-8, 17920.
17949. 18048, 18764-7, 23634, 23733). Pershing Co., nr. Lovelock,
(B.Y.U. 15238).

Variation— Quite in contrast to the other racers occurring in the
Great Basin {Coluber constrictor and M. taeniatus) this species does
not indicate any obvious sexual dimorphism. The ventrals are similar
[9 12 (195.25) 193-199; d 7 (194.5) 192-195] and the caudal aver-
age diverges only slightly more [9 12 (105.42) 99-109; d 6 (103.4)
95-109]. There is a wider range of caudal variation in the males.

Other scale patterns show little or no variation; the color pat-
tern is uniform and since all specimens are of the red phase, it has
been locally designated as the "Red Racer."

Remarks — Populations of this snake are restricted to the wanner
and drier environments of the Lahontan basin of western Nevada,
the Mojave, Colorado and Sonora Deserts and the deserts of Baja
California. Its present occurrence in the Lahontan Basin is doubt-
less a post-Pluvial phenomenon for it occurs to a large extent within
the areas which were innundated by Pluvial Lake Lahontan, and
other Pluvial Basins in southwestern Nevada and east central Cali-
fornia.

Genus Opheodrys Fitzinger

Opheodrys vernalis blanchardi Grobman

Material Examined — Utah: S. L. Co., Mormon Flats, Emigra-
tion Cn. (B.Y.U. 16248). Utah Co., Aspen Grove, Provo Cn., nr.
M.I.A. (iirls' Home (B.Y.U. 519, 1614-6, 1845, 1936-7, 2397, 2972,
3748. 3782-4, 9.36, 10342-3, 13200, 14380, 15020-3, 15018-23, 16660,
U. of U. 35,314).

Variation — Specimens examined show a considerable degree of
sexual dimorphism in the number of ventral plates being significant-
ly higher in females than in males [ 9 24 (147.04) 144-151; d" 27
(136.33) 132-140]. Dimorphism also exists in the caudal scale dif-
ferences but with the males having the higher counts [9 20 (71.75)
66-76; cT 24 (81.42) 74-89]. Except for an occasional specimen
having one or no loreals, all other scale patterns are usually uniform.

Remarks — The smooth green snake is restricted to the Wasatch
Mountains bordering the eastern edge of the Great Basin. Many of
the present records are from high elevations (Aspen-Conifer forests)
having a more moist and cooler climate. It is conceivable, though diffi-
cult to establish, that this animal extended its distribution well into
the eastern margins of Lake Bonneville during the Pluvial periods
and that its present distribution reflects survival of populations only
at the higher elevation.

Genus Salvadora Cope
Salvador a hexalepis mojavensis Bogert

Material Examined — Nev.: Nye Co., NTS, Mercury (B.Y.U.

The Great Basin Naturalist
122 W. W. TANNER, B. H. BANTA Vol. XXVI, Nos. 3-4

17392-17395, 17948, 18736, 18762-18764), C. P. Cane Springs turn
off along rd., NTS, Mercury (B.Y.U. 18985).

Variation — Ventral plates in seven males ranged from 196 to
204 wdth a mean of 198.57. In 3 females the range was 194 to 207
with a mean of 200. Subcaudals in females had a mean of 84.33
with a range of 77-89. In males subcaudals ranged from 89-95 with
a mean at 91.66. Males were larger than females in snout- vent
length [d 7 (521.85) 252-697; ? 3 (392.33) 256-494].

Remarks — Patchnose snakes at the Nevada Test Site occur in
the valleys and on the adjoining foothills surrounding them. They
have been found invading live wdre mammal traps in study plots
presumably in quest of captured lizards. At the N.T.S. this species
is found in habitat commonly inhabited by such species as Crota-
phytus wislizeni, Phrynosoma platyrhinos^ Callisaurus draconoides ,
Masticophis flagellum and Crotalus cerastes.

This species, as in the case of several others, has apparently
invaded the western Great Basin since the last Pluvial period.

Genus Phyllorhynchus Cope
Phyllorhynchus decurtatus perkinsi Klauber

Material Examined — Nev: Nye Co., NTS, Mercury (B.Y.U.
17924-5, 17758-9,23730-1).

Variation — Five of the above specimens are males, with 169
to 173 ventrals; the one female has 182 ventrals and 30 subcaudals.
Caudals in the males range from 38 to 40 wdth a mean of 38.6. The
female is 371 mm. in total length wdth a tail of 25 mm. The males
range in total length from 253 to 374 wdth a mean of 325. The male
tail lengths range from 33 to 57 wdth a mean of 48.33. The percent
of tail to total length is as follows: males 15 to 16.5 percent and the
female approximately seven percent. This sexual dimorphism is also
reflected in the caudal counts.

Remarks — Variations in the populations of the northern part
of the range are not well understood because of the few specimens
available. However, the six sepcimens from the N.T.S. do indicate
fewer ventrals. more caudals and longer tails in males, but a shorter
tail in the single female. It is possible that there is considerable
isolation between the populations occurring in the several pluvial
valleys of southwestern Nevada.

Genus Arizona Kennicott

Arizona elegans Candida Klauber

Material Examined — Nev.: Nye Co.. NTS, Mercury (B.Y.U.
17396-7. 17400. 18760); 15 mi NW Main gate, NTS (B.Y.U.
21215); 3.4 mi S Main gate (B.Y.U. 21285); 15.7 mi SE Main gate
(B.Y.U. 21284).

Dec. 31, 1966 review of great basin reptiles 123

Variation — Three males and four females have been examined.
Sexual dimorphism is apparent but not well developed in the scales
which usually reflect it. The ventrals average cT 211.7, 9 216.5,
caudals cf 50, ? 49. Other scale patterns are within the limits of
variation set up by Klauber (1946) for this subspecies.

Remarks — Tanner and Jorgensen (1963) reported the first
record of this subspecies in Nevada. This seems to establish Candida
as the only subspecies occurring in the Great Basin from Nye County
north and west into other possible counties in Nevada and in ad-
joining California. Such a distribution is plausible and leaves south-
eastern Nevada (Clark Co.) and adjoining Arizona and Utah (Wash-
ington Co.) to the northeast in the range of eburnata.

Genus Pituophis Holbrook
Pituophis catenifer deserticola Stejneger

Material Examined — Ida.: Bannock Co., Swan L. (B.Y.U.

2875).

Nev.: Lander Co., Battie xMtn. (B.Y.U. 2916, 2979). Nye Co.
NTS Mercury (B.Y.U. 17410-12, 17917-8. 18768-18771). W. P.
Co., Lund (B.Y.U. 6916).

Utah: Beaver Co., Milford V. betw. Milford and Minersville
(B.Y.U. 566), Milford (B.Y.U. 2736, 3021). Box Elder Co., Hansel
V. (PC), Lucin (B.Y.U. 13018), 5 mi E Saline (U. of U. 2822-3),
Locomotive Spr. (U. of U. 2031). Cache Co., Smithfield (B.Y.U.
2830), Logan (B.Y.U. 2831, 2193, 2195). Iron Co., Newcastle, 4
mi S (B.Y.U. 16675), Kanarraville (B.Y.U. 393), Hieroglyphic Gap
(B.Y.U. 11314). Juab Co., 4 mi S Levan (B.Y.U.), 2 mi S SHver
City (B.Y.U. 274), sand dunes 10 mi N Lynndyl (B.Y.U. 2729),
Levan (B.Y.U. 16791), Fish Spr. (U. of U. 2234-5). Millard Co.,
Clear L. (B.Y.U. 11298), S Notch Mtn., U.S. Hwy 6 (B.Y.U.
14697), Desert Range Exper. Sta. (B.Y.U. 16657). Piute Co., 8 mi
S Antimony (U. of U. 840). S. L. Co., Ft. Douglas (B.Y.U. 2776, U.
of U. 3), Mill Cr. (U. of U. 44943). S. L. City (U. of U. 72), 5 mi
SE Antelope Island (U. of U. 2189-92), Sandy (U. of U. 307).
Sanpete Co.. On rd. to Sterling Reservoir (B.Y.U. 2A), Mt. Pleasant
(U. of U. 4). Sevier Co., Marysville Cn. (B.Y.U. 2749), Jet. Sigurd-
Richfield rd. (B.Y.U. 670). Tooele Co., Bunker Hill Mine (B.Y.U.
666). Dugway (B.Y.U. 14793-4). Grantsville (U. of U. 2646, 1964-
5), Mercur (U. of U. 2026), 3 mi W Willow Spr. (U. of U 1213).
Utah Co.. Provxj Cn. (B.Y.U. 8745, 14987), Provo (B.Y.U.
270, 1170, 1665, U. of U. 339, 380), Pleasant Grove (U. of U. 880),
Thistle Cn. (B.Y.U. 2754), Thistle (B.Y.U. 673), Chimney Rock
Pass (B.Y.U. 2840, 4248), Manila (B.Y.U. 18245), W Mtns. (B.Y.U.
6944), Grove Cr. (B.Y.U. 585). Pelican Pt. (B.Y.U. 1822-3, U. of U.
943A). Springville (B.Y.U. 342), Tintic (B.Y.U. 2737), Fairfield
(U. of U. 1929), Pole Cn. (B.Y.U. 15003), 4 mi W Lehi (B.Y.U.
284, 378, 1099. 1877, 1879, 2715, 2035, 14676), Payson (B.Y.U.
3705). 2 mi W Cedar Ft. (U. of U. 1, 2433).

The Great Basin Naturalist
124 W. W. TANNER, B. H. BANTA Vol. XXVI, NoS. 3-4

Variation — Reviews by Tanner (1939), Stull (1940) and Klau-
ber (1947) have provided some insight into the variation of the
samples of Great Basin populations which they examined. In each
of these reviews the subspecies stejnegeri proposed by Van Denburgh
(1920) for those populations occurring in the eastern Great Basin
(type locality Fort Douglas, Utah) was not recognized. Tanner and
Jorgensen (1963) reaffirmed the clines noted previously by other
authors in the dorsal rows and ventrals.

Remarks — This is one of the most common colubrid snakes in
many portions of the Great Basin. A fact amply demonstrated not
only by noting the number of individuals of this snake killed on
the various paved highways which traverse the region, but also by
the large number of preserved specimens in research collections.
Many of the records are from or near cultivated areas, which sug-
gest that this form has enjoyed some success in adapting to the
revolutionary ecological situations created by man, populations
may be drawn into such areas because of the increased rodent (food)
supply which normally occurs in cultivated areas.

Genus Lampropeltis Fitzinger

Lampropeltis pyromelana infralabialis W. Tanner

Material Examined — Nev.: W. P. Co., Saw Mill Cn. (U. of U.
2814A).

Utah: Beaver Co., Beaver (B.Y.U. 10340, 11287-8). Piute Co.,
Antimony (B.Y.U. 8643). Sevier Co., Annabelle (B.Y.U. 11111).
Wasatch Co., Wallsburg (B.Y.U. 322).

Variation — Some aspects of the variation of this seemingly rare
snake were provided by Tanner (1953). Ventral scales in the above
samples are higher in females than males [ cf 4 (226.5) 213-230; 9
3 (221) 216-224]. There does not seem to be a comparable degree of
sexual dimorphism in subcaudals [d 2 (69) 67-71; 9 3 (69.66)
68-71]. Sexual differences in the number of body spots are not too
conspicuous [d 4 (46) 40-49; 9 3 (44.33) 39-50].

Remarks — Present records indicate that this beautiful snake
is limited to the eastern Great Basin. It was probably derived from
progenitors in the Mexican Plateau. It seems to be quite hydrophilic
not extending in the more xeric portions wdthin its range, but re-
stricted to montane island populations where such areas are sur-
rounded by xeric environments.

Lampropeltis getulus californiae Blainville

Material Examined — Calif: Inyo Co., Independence (B.Y.U.
18965).

Nev.: Nye Co., NTS, Mercury (B.Y.U. 17398, 17946, 21758,
23614).

Variation — The specimen from Independence was so badly
smashed that but few characters could be discerned. Selected data

Dec. 31, 1966 review of great basin reptiles 125

for the Nevada specimens are: ventrals 4 (247.33) 236-253; sub-
caudals 3 (55) 53-59; snout vent length 3 (739.66) 401-975. All
specimens seen are of the banded color pattern and resemble closely
those seen from the Colorado River drainage in southwestern Utah.

Lampropeltis doliata utahensis W. Tanner and Loomis

Material Examined — Utah: Garfield Co., near Panguitch
(B.Y.U. 8923). Juab Co., 8 mi S Eureka (U. of U. 3018). S. L. Co.,
Near Lark (U. of U. 1413), Butterfield Cn. (U. of U. 1430). Sanpete
Co.. S edge of Ephraim (B.Y.U. 11117), Mt. Pleasant (B.Y.U. 2929),
Moroni (U. of U. 90). Tooele Co., Tooele V. (B.Y.U. 334), Benmore
(B.Y.U. 8922), Tooele (U. of U. 317, 426). Utah Co., 2 mi N Alpine
(B.Y.U. 10533), 3 mi E Thistle (B.Y.U. 337-8, 1505), Provo (B.Y.U.
333), Cedar V. (B.Y.U. 2930), Payson (B.Y.U. 6023), foothills N
Lehi (B.Y.U. 2718), Alpine (B.Y.U. 2756, 14382), Spanish Fk.
(B.Y.U. 336), Hobble Cr. Cn. (B.Y.U. 520, 2924, 12415), Spring-
ville (B.Y.U. 11249, 23167), Cabins West Cn. (B.Y.U. 13776-7),
Rock Cn. (B.Y.U. 11100), mouth of Pole Cn. near Cedar Ft. (U. of
U. 1963). Wasatch Co., Wallsburg (U. of U. 318).

Variation — Few additional specimens are available since the
description of L. d. taylori. It is therefore suggested that variations
listed by Tanner and Loomis (1957) be considered.

Remarks — The habits and habitats of this subspecies are not
well known. Most specimens were collected by amateur or interested
la^Tnen and given to the universities at a later date.

Many specimens are brought to the universities dead, most of
them having been killed by the collectors. When asked why the
specimen was killed one of two answers is given: Isn't it a poisonous
coral snake? Or, the snake bites. Most individuals bite, even young
ones; however, they are neither poisonous nor a coral snake. In the
Great Basin of Utah, snakes having an appearance of coral snakes
are king snakes.

Genus Rhirtocheilus Baird and Girard
Rhinocheilus lecontei lecontei Baird and Girard

Material Examined — Nev.: Nye Co., NTS, Mercury (B.Y.U.
17399, 17945, 18761, 21756-7, 23635).

Utah: Tooele Co.. Dugway PG (B.Y.U. 14799-14800). Juab Co.,
10 mi SE Callao (B.Y.U. 2965, 11294). Millard Co., Fillmore
(B.Y.U. 2931), White V. (B.Y.U. 1162. 2863).

Variation — There is little variation in the small series from
southern Nevada and western Utah. Males average a few more
ventrals [ cT 6 (203.8), $ 4 (200.5)] and caudals [cf 5 (52.2), 9
5 (49.0)] than the females. Other scale patterns are uniform.

For a discussion of the variation in the color pattern the study of
Tanner and Jorgensen (1963:24) includes the same material exam-
ined above and expresses our views adequately.

The Great Basin Naturalist
126 W. W. TANNER, B. H. BANTA Vol. XXVI, NOS. 3-4

Remarks — The occurrence of Rhinocheilus in the Bonneville
Basin of eastern Nevada and western Utah is of more than passing
interest. Such species as Crotalus cerastes, Crotalus mitchelli, Tan-
tilla utahensis, Trimorphodon lambda, Larnpropeltis getulus^ Arizona
elegans, Salvidora hexalepis, Masticophis flagellum, Sceloporus mag-
ister, Sauromalus obesus and Coleonyx variegatus inhabit the same
general habitat as does Rhinocheilus in Washington County. Utah,
and in southern Nevada. In spite of this, R. lecontei is the only
species of this presumably Lower Sonoran group to invade the Bonne-
ville Basin. All specimens thus far taken in western Utah have come
from the western valleys, strongly suggesting that it has extended its
range since the last Pluvial Period.

Genus Sanora Baird and Girard

Sonora semiannulata isozona Cope

Material Examined — Nev.: Nye Co., NTS, Mercury (B.Y.U.
17386, 17919, 17930, 18734-5, 18757), E Lathrop Wells (B.Y.U.
23683-4).

Variation — All of the above specimens are males except for one
female. One specimen has a striped pattern with the four middorsal
rows reddish-orange grading laterally into gray. All others are of
the usual bicolored phase.

Sizes in terms of snout-vent length ranged from 209 to 295 mm.
with a mean of 251.4. Ventral plates in the males ranged from 161-
168 with a mean of 165. Caudals ranged in number from 56-61 with
a mean of 57.

Remarks — Considerably more collecting must be done in the
Great Basin before we wdll understand the distribution of this species.
Its occurrence in the Snake River Valley below Boise, Idaho, sug-
gests that its distribution extends throughout the Great Basin; how-
ever, the Idaho population appears to be isolated with no known
populations in western Utah or in central and northeastern Nevada.
Other than the Nye County records Banta (1965) lists this species
as occurring in Humboldt, Pershing and Washoe Counties all in the
western (Lahontan) basin. Indications are that Sonora reached the
Snake River Valley through the western part of the Great Basin
in Nevada, southern Oregon and then into Idaho. Proper collecting
methods (can traps, etc.) at the appropriate seasons may yet con-
nect these disjunct populations.

Genus Chionactis Cope

Chionactis occipitalis talpina Klauber

Material Examined — Nev.: Nye Co., NTS, Mercury (B.Y.U.
17369-85, 17919, 18741-54); Jackass Flats (B.Y.U. 23631); Lathrop
Wells (B.Y.U. 23685-88).

Dec. 31, 1966 review of great basin reptiles 127

Variation — The variations occurring in this subspecies are sum-
marized for Nye County by Tanner and Jorgensen (1963) and for
adjoining California by Elvin (1963). The averages for the ventrals
and cauaals for the specimens listed above are cT 151.3, ? 161.0 and
cT 45.3, 9 44.8 respectively.

Remarks — Variations in the ranges of the ventrals and caudals
(d 18, 148-155, 9 14. 155-166; d 18,41-49, $ 13,43-47) overlap
these scale patterns in o. occipitalis. We therefore designate o. talpina
as a subspecies on the color pattern (presence of secondary bands)
and not for any distinctness in the scale pattern.

Genus Hypsiglena Cope
Hypsiglena torqimta deserticola W. Tanner

Material Examined — Nev.: Humboldt Co., 28 mi E Winne-
mucca (B.Y.U. 2912). Nye Co., Mercury NTS (18727), W Lathrop
Wells (B.Y.U. 23681).

Utah: Tooele Co., Dugway PG (B.Y.U. 14795). S. L. Co., gravel
pits NE S. L. City (U. of U. 1402-7, 1416). Utah Co., 2 mi N Alpine
(B.Y.U. 6924, 11248, 11306, 11310, 11401), Bonneville Terrace,
Provo (B.Y.U. 3014, 7938, 8011), Chimney Rock Pass (B.Y.U. 2836,
2196-8. 15008-9), 5 mi W Lehi (B.Y.U. 640), Rock Cn.. Provo
(B.Y.U. 15010, 16253), Meseda Bench (B.Y.U. 2026-8, 2045, 2709,
3960, 7020, 7937. 14698, 23327), Provo (22209). Juab Co.. Topaz
Mtn. (U. of U. 9068). Sanpete Co., 2 mi NE Ephraim (B.Y.U.
14694-5). Beaver Co., 3 mi N Minersville (B.Y.U. 23550).

Variation — Variations in the ventrals [cf 14 (182.2); ? 16
(190.3)] and caudals [cT 11 (57.5); 9 16 (50.1)] are similar to the
variations listed by Tanner (1946) for the entire subspecies. The
dorsal rows rarely wary from the 21 rows at midbody; however,
before the vent 15, 16 or 17 rows may occur. Most specimens having
16 or 17 rows are females wdth rarely a male failing to reduce to
15 rows. Females are about equally divided between those having 16
or 17 rows and those with 15.

Remarks — Night snakes are one of the commonest snakes in
lower foothill habitats of the Great Basin. In the few areas where
intensive collecting has been done this species has provided as many
specimens as have other common species. Their habit of moving at
night and hiding under rocks in the day has led to the conclusion
that the species is rare, an illusion held by the senior author until
this snake was intensively studied.

A study now in press (Tanner, 1966) will discuss in part the
distribution of this species in the southern Great Basin. We apply
the same general thesis that Hypsiglena has extended its range con-
siderably since the last major Pluvial Period, and particularly in the
northern parts of the Great Basin (principally Lahonton and Bonne-
ville basins).

The Great Basin Naturalist
128 W. W. TANNER, B. H. BANTA Vol. XXVI, NoS. 3-4

Genus Trimorphodon Cope
Trimorphodon lyrophanes Cope

Material Examined — Nev.: Nye Co., NTS, Mercury (B.Y.U.
17939. 23727).

Variation — The above specimens are males with total lengths
of 408 and 502. Tail lengths are 61 and 88 respectively. Both have
221 ventral plates and 75, 77 caudals. Body and tail blotches number
29, 16 and 32, 18 respectively.

Remarks — Collecting records would indicate a small population
in the Great Basin of southern Nevada; however, little is known
about the specific habits and habitats of this species.

Genus Tantilla Baird and Girard
Tantilla planiceps utahensis Blanchard

Material Examined — Nev.: Nye Co., NTS, Mercury (B.Y.U.
17922-3).

Variations and remarks concerning these specimens and others
from many localities in southwestern United States and northwest-
ern Mexico are provided in the recent study by Tanner (1966).

Family Crotalidae
Genus Crotalus Linnaeus
Crotalus cerastes cerastes Hallowell

Material Examined — Nev.: Nye Co.. NTS. Meircury (BY.U.
17387-9, 18780-5, 21857, 22207); 29 mi S Goldfield (B.Y.U. 18786).
California: Inyo Co.. Shoshone, Death Valley (B.Y.U. 20975).

Variation — There is a noticeable sexual dimorphism in both the
ventrals [6 9 (145.2) 143-146; 9 d (139.7) 138-142] and caudals
[6 9 (17.7) 16-19; 9 d (22.9) 21-25]. Other variations occur in
the labials with both the upper and lower series ranging from 12 to
16 scales, but with most counts 13, 14 or 15 scales.

The color pattern is remarkably uniform. The only variation
noted is a slight change in the ground color.

Remarks — The homed rattlesnake occurs in the desert valleys
and the adjacent foothills in south and western Nevada. Its present
distribution indicates a post-pluvial extension of its range into these
more northern valleys. As yet its range does not include areas where
Artemisia tridentata is the dominant shrub.

Crotalus mitchelli stephensi Klauber

Material Examined — Nev.: Nve Co., NTS Mercury (B.Y.U.
17390-1. 17950-1, 17921, 18772-9, 18970).

Variation — Fifteen specimens (4 females and 11 males) show
little variation in the ventrals which average 175.9 and 175.75 re-

Dec. 31, 1966 review of great basin reptiles 129

spectively. Caudals show sexual dimorphism ( $ 19.0 and d" 26.6)
and the scale rows are approximately equally distributed between
23 and 25 rows at midbody. There is considerable variation in the
labials with both the upper and lower series ranging from 12-16
scales. Most specimens show individual variation with some varying
as much as three scales (12-15 or 13-16); however, most vary only
a scale or two and are more commonly 13, 14 or 15 scales.

The ground color may vary from a slate grayish to a decided
pinkish with the spots taking on shades of brown which compliment
and blend with the basic color.

Remarks — We have designated the subspecies occurring in Nye
County. Nevada, as stephensi. In this species, as in several others
{Arizona elegans, Chionactis occipitalis, Coleonyx variegatus) inter-
gradation appears to occur in the adjoining areas to the east. Al-
though most subspecies do not respect the boundaries of the Great
Basin, a few seem not to intergrade at or near its boundary in
western Clark County.

Crotalus viridis lutosus Klauber

M.\TERiAL Examined — Ida.: Franklin Co., Clif'on (B.Y.U. 339).

NEv.iLander Co., Battle Mtn. (U. of U. 1058). Nye Co., Lockes
(B.Y.U. 18966), Troy Cn., 35 mi SW Currant (B.Y.U. 14645).
WTiite Pine Co., Cherry Cr. (U. of U. 807a).

Utah: Beaver Co., Minersville (B.Y.U. 355). Box Elder Co., Lo-
comotive Spr. (U. of U. 874-5, 907-921. 924). 6 mi W. 12 N Corrine
(U. of U. 3249), Lucin (B.Y.U. 13017). Cache Co., Hills W Logan
(B.Y.U. 8276-8). Wellsville Cn. (B.Y.U. 340, 1284). Garfield Co.,
Bryce Cn.. Natl. Park (U. of U. 350). Juab Co.. Topaz Mtn. (B.Y.U.
9070), Nephi (U. of U. 115A), Fish Spr. (U. of U. 2237). Millard
Co., Desert Range Exper. Sta. (B.Y.U. 14692, U. of U. 2807). Mor-
gan Co.. E Como Spr. (U. of U. 1207-9, 2223-2231). S. L. Co., (U. of
U. 2854). Emigration Cn. (U. of U. 3342, 1273), 5 mi NE Draper
(U. of U. -), nr. Warm Spr. (U. of U. 1303), S. L. City (U. of U.
1674, 3342), Ft. Douglas (U. of U 1674). Sanpete Co., 5 mi S May-
field (B.Y.U. 16804), 3 mi N Fountain Green (B.Y.U. 669), Maple
Cn. (U. of U 680), Mt. Pleasant (U. of U. 112). Ephraim (U. of U.
5-6). Summit Co., 1 1/2 mi NE Coalville (U. of U. 2105-2107, 2195-
2209, 2217-2222, 2408). Tooele Co., 15 mi N Ibapah (B.Y.U. 354,
1301. 1381), Ibapah (U. of U. 2236), 3 mi SE Stockton (U. of U.
2144), nr. Stockton (U. of U. 2829), Lowe (U. of U. 1971-7, 1989-
95). 4 mi W Grantsville (U. of U. 1432-4. 1979. 2202, 2494, 2638-
41), Rush V. (U. of U. 1058-9), Lowe (U. of U. 1971-8. 1989-90),
Tooele (U. of U. 288), Clover (U. of U. 1060). Utah Co., Chimney
Rock Pass (B.Y.U. 2841, 15016), Nunns, Provo Cn. (B.Y.U. 18248),
Rock Cn. (B.Y.U. 9059), Provo Cn. (B.Y.U. 346, 1289). 4 mi W
Lehi (B.Y.U. 584. 1821. 2706. 2029-30). "Y" Mtn. E Provo (B.Y.U.
356, 1302, 8741), Spanish Fk. Cn. (B.Y.U. 8742). West Mtns.
(B.Y.U. 6942). W side. Cedar V. (B.Y.U. 2845. 2212), S Fk. West
Cn. (B.Y.U. 14674-5), Lehi (B.Y.U. 370, 1315), Payson (U. of U.

The Great Basin Naturalist
130 W. W. TANNER, B. H. BANTA Vol. XXVI, NoS. 3-4

696), 2 mi S Cedar Ft. (U. of U. 1294-1298, 2479-81) Cedar V. (U.
of U. 3117). mth. Spanish Fk. Cn. (U. of U. 2853). Washington Co.,
Enterprise (B.Y.U. 359). Weber Co., Ogden (U. of U. 2892).

Variation — Sexual dimorphism is moderately developed; how-
ever, there is an overlapping of the ranges of variation in the ven-
trals and caudals so that sex in all specimens cannot be determined
by scale counts alone. The ranges of variation and averages are as
follows: ventrals, d 65 (177.66) 170-188; 9 70 (182.98) 175-191;
caudals, d 66 (25.5) 21-32; 9 69 (21-55) 18-26. Males are longer
than females. An average of fifteen of the largest specimens of each
sex indicates the approximate differences in total length: cf (952.5)
826-1031; 9 (855.6) 713-952. Other variations occur in the dorsal
rows before the vent, with 19 usually occurring, but occasionally
with 21 rows. The labials are variable with both the upper and
lower labials ranging from 14 to 17 with 15 the more common num-
ber.

Remarks — The Great Basin rattlesnake is perhaps the most
widely distributed species in the area. Specimens have been recorded
from the low valleys and up to elevations of 9,000 feet. They occur in
low brush and also in the oak-aspen habitats at higher elevations.

Throughout the northern part of the Great Basin this species can
usually be found in rocky areas in the spring and fall as they emerge
or move toward the denning areas. In the summer the valleys serve
as feeding grounds for most of the population denning in the sur-
rounding foothills. It is not uncommon for rattlesnakes to move into
orchards or other irrigated areas during the summer.

Bibliography

AxELROD, D. I. 1940. Late Tertiary floras of the Great Basin and border areas.
Bull. Torrey Bet. Club 67:477-487.

. 1948. Climate and evolution in western North America during Middle

Pliocene time. Evolution 2:127-144.

. 1950. Evolution of desert vegetation in western North America. Car-
negie Inst. Washington Publ. 590:215-306.

. 1956. Mio-Pliocene floras from west-central Nevada. Univ. California

Publ. Geol. Ser. 33:1-322.

. 1957. Late Tertiary floras and the Sierra Nevada uplift. Bull. Geol.

Soc. America 68:19-45.

1958. Evolution of the Madro-Tertiary geoflora. Bot. Rev. 24:433-509.

Banta, B. H. 1962. Notes on the distribution of the western red-tailed skink,
Eumeces gilberti rubricaudatus, in southern Nevada. Herpetologica, 18(2):
129-130.

. 1963a. Preliminary remarks upon the zoogeography of the lizards in-
habiting the Great Basin of the western United States. Wasmann Jour. Biol.
20(2):253-287.

. 1963b. A preliminary account of the herpetofauna of the Saline Valley

hydrographic basin, Inyo County, California. Wasmann Jour. Biol. 20(2):
161-251.

. 1963c. Remarks upon dorsal pattern polymorphism in Sceloporus occi-

dentalis. Wasmann Jour. Biol. 21 (2): 137-140.

1965. A distributional check list of the recent reptiles inhabiting the

state of Nevada. Occas. Papers, Nevada Biol. Soc., 5:1-8.

Dec. 31, 1966 review of great basin reptiles 131

-. AND W. W. Tanner. 1964. A brief historical resume of herpetological

studies in the Great Basin of the western United States. Part I. The Reptiles.

Great Basin Naturalist, 24(2): 37-57.
Bell, E. L. 1954. A preliminary report on the subspecies of the western fence

lizard, Sceloporus occidentalis, and its relationships to the eastern fence

lizard, Sceloporus undulatus. Herpetologica 10(l):31-36.
Bell, T. 1829. Description of a new species of Agama brought from the

Columbia River by Mr. Douglass. Trans. Linnean Soc. London 16:105-107.
Bl.^nchard, F. N. 1920. A synopsis of the king snakes: genus Lampropeltis

Fitzinger. Occas. Papers, Mus. Zool., Univ. Michigan 87:1-7.
. 1921. A revision of the king snakes: genus Lampropeltis. United

States Nat. Mus. Bull. 114:1-260.

1939. Snakes of the genus Tantilla in the United States. Zool. Ser.,

Field Mus. Nat. Hist. 20(28): 369-3 76.
BoGERT, C. M. 1945. Two additional races of the patch -nosed snake, Salvador

hexalepis. American Mus. Novit. 1285:1-14.
Br.\dley, W. Glen and J. E. Deacon. 1966. Amphibian and reptile records

for southern Nevada. Southwestern Naturalist 1 1 (1) : 132-134.
Bryant, H. C. 1911. The horned lizards of California and Nevada of the

genera Phrynosoma and Anota. Univ. California Publ. Zool. 9(1): 1-84.
Burger, W. L. 1950. New, revised, and reallocated names for North American

whiptailed lizards, genus Cnemidophorus. Nat. Hist. Miscellanea 65.
Burt, C. E. and M. D. Burt. 1929. Field notes and locality records on a col-
lection of amphibians and reptiles, chiefly from the western half of the

United States. Part H. Reptiles. Jour. Washington A^ad. Sci. 19(20) :428-

434, 448-460.
. 1928. The synonymy, variation and distribution of the collared lizard,

Crotaphytus collaris (Say). Occas. Papers, Mus. Zool., Univ. Michigan.

196:1-19.
. 1931. A study of the teiid lizards of the genus Cnemidophorus with

special reference to their phylogenetic relationships. United States Nat. Mus.

Bull. 154, viii 286.

1933. Some lizards from the Great Basin of the west and adjacent

areas, with comments on the status of various forms. American Midi. Nat.
14(3):228-250.

Camp, C. L. 1916. The subspecies of Sceloporus occidentalis with description
of a new form from the Sierra Nevada and systematic notes on other Cali-
fornia lizards. Univ. California Publ. Zool. 17(7):63-74.

Cochran, D. M. 1961. Type specimens of reptiles and amphibians in the U.S.
National Museum. United States Nat. Mus. Bull. 220: xv 291.

CocKERELL, T. D. A. 1901. A homed lizard at high altitude. Science 14:111.

Cope, E. D. 1860. Catalogue of the Colubridae in the Museum of the Academy
of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, with notes and descriptions of new
species. Part 2. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 12:241-266.

— . 1892. A synopsis of the species of the teiid genus Cnemidophorus.

Trans. American Philos. Soc. 17(l):27-52.

. 1896. The geographical distribution of Batrachia and Reptilia in North

America. American Nat. 30:886-902, 1003-1026.

1900. The crocodilians, lizards, and snakes of North America. Annual

Report. United States Nat. Mus. for yr. ending June 30, 1898:55-1270.
D.wis, W. B. 1939. The recent mammals of Idaho. Caldwell. Idaho: The

Caxton Printers. Ltd., 400 pp.
Dunn, E. R. 1931. The herpetological fauna of the Americas. Copeia 1931

(3):106-119.
DuRRANT, S. D. 1952. Mammals of Utah. Taxonomy and distribution. Univ.

Kansas Publ., Mus., Nat. Hist. 6:1-549.
Elvin, D. W. 1963. Variation and distribution of the shovel-nose<l snake

{Chionactis occipitalis) in the Northern Mojave Desert, California and

Nevada. Herpetologica 19(l):73-76.
Federal Writer's Project. 1950. Idaho, a guide in word and picture. Second

ed., revised. New York: Oxford Univ. Press, xiv, 300 pp.

The Great Basin Naturalist
132 W. W. TANNER, B. H. BANTA Vol. XXVI, Nos. 3-4

Fitch, H. S. 1940. A biogeographical study of the ordinoides Artenkreis of

garter snakes (genus T hamnophis) . Univ. California Publ. Zool. 44(1): 1-150.
. 1941. Geographic variation in garter snakes of the species Thamnophis

sirtalis in the Pacific coast region of North America. American Midi. Nat.

26(3): 570-592.
. 1948. Further remarks concerning Thamnophis ordinoides and its

relatives. Copeia 1948(2) : 121-128.

1956. An ecological study of the collared lizard {Crotaphytus collaris).

Univ. Kansas Publ., Mus. Nat. Hist. 8(1 ) :213-274.
Fitch, H. S. and T. P. Maslin. 1961. Occurrence of the garter snake, Tham-
nophis sirtalis, in the Great Plains and Rocky Mountains. Univ. Kansas

Publ., Mus. Nat. Hist. 13(5):289-308.
Fitch, H. S. and W. W. Tanner. 1951. Remarks concerning the systematics

of the collared lizard (Crotaphytus collaris), with a description of a new

subspecies. Trans., Kansas Acad. Sci. 54(4) : 548-559.
Fo.x, W. 1951a. The status of the garter snake, Thamnophis sirtalis tetrateania.

Copeia 1951 (4):257-267.
. 1951b. Relationships among the garter snakes of the Thamnophis

elegans Rassenkries. Univ. California Publ. Zool. 50(5):485-530.
Gannett, H. 1900. A gazeteer of Utah. Bull., United States Geol. Surv., 166,

43 pp., 1 map.
. 1906. A dictionary of altitudes in the United States. 4th ed.. Bull.,

United States Geol. Surv., 274:1072.
Gloyd, H. K. 1940. The rattlesnakes, genera Sistrurus and Crotalus. A study

of zoogeography and evolution. Chicago Acad. Sci., Spec. Publ., 4:vii 266.
Grobman, a. B. 1941. A contribution to the knowledge of variation in

Opheodrys vernalis (Harlan), with the description of a new subspecies. Misc.

Publ. Mus. Zool., Univ. Michigan 50:1-38.
Hall, E. R. 1929. A "den" of rattlesnakes in eastern Nevada. Bull. Antiven.

Inst. America 3(3): 79-80.
. 1946. Mammals of Nevada. Berkeley and Los Angeles: Univ. Cali-

fornie Press, xi, 710 pp.
Hardy, R. 1948. The greater western skink in Nevada and Utah. Herpetologica

4(5):165.
Heyrend, F. and a. Call. 1951. Growth and age in western striped racer

and Great Basin rattlesnakes. In Symposium: A snake den in Tooele County,

Utah. Herpetologica 7:28-40.
HuBBS, C. L. and R. R. Miller. 1948. The Great Basin with emphasis on

glacial and i>ost-glacial times. H. The zoological evidence. Bull. Univ. Utah

38(2), Biol. Ser. 10(7): 18-166.
Klauber, L. M. 1928. The Trimorphodon (lyre snake) of California with

notes on the species of the adjacent area. Trans., San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist.

5(11):183-194.
. 1930. New and renamed subspyecies of Crotalus confluentus Say, with

remarks on related species. Trans., San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist. 6(3):95-144.
. 1931. A new sj>ecies of Xantusia from Arizona, with a synopsis of the

genus. Trans. San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist. 7(1): 1-1 6.
. 1935. Phyllorhynchus. the leaf-nosed snake. Bull. Zool. Soc. San Diego

(12):1-31.
. 1936. The California king snake, a case of pattern dimorphism.

Herpetologica 1 ( 1 ) : 1 8-27.
. 1939. Studies of reptile life in the arid southwest. Part HI. Notes on

some lizards of the southwestern United States. Bull., Zool. Soc. San Diego

14:80-100.
■ . 1940a. The lyre snakes (genus Trimorphodon) of the U. S. Trans.

San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist. 9(19): 163-194.
. 1940b. Two new subspecies of Phyllorhynchus, the leaf-nosed snake,

with notes on the genus. Trans. San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist. 9(20): 195-214.
1941. The long-nosed snakes of the genus Rhinocheilus. Trans. San

Diego Soc. Nat. Hist. 9(29):289-332.

Dec. 31, 1966 review of great basin reptiles 133

1943. The subspecies of the rubber snake, Charina. Trans., San Diego

Soc. Nat. Hist., 10(7):83-90.
— . 1945. The geckos of the genus Coleonyx with descriptions of new
subspecies. Trans., San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist., 10(1 1): 133-216.

1946. The glossy snake, Arizona, with descriptions of new subspecies.
Trans., San Dietgo Soc. Nat. Hist, 10(17) :31 1-398, pis. 7-8.

. 1947. Classification and ranges of the gopher snakes of the genus

Pituophis in the western United States. Bull., Zool. Soc. San Diego, 22:1-81.
1956. Rattlesnakes. Their habits, life histories, and influence on man-

kind. Berkeley and Los Angeles: Univ. California Press, 2 vols.:xxix 7080,

xyi, 709-1476.
LiNSDALE, J. M. 1938. Environmental responses to vertebrates in the Great

Basin. American Midi. Nat. 19(1): 1-206.
. 1940. Amphibians and reptiles in Nevada Proc, American Acad Arts

and Sci. 73(8): 197-257.
LoMR\RD, J. 1949. Notes on the desert whiptail lizard in Utah. Copeia, 1949

(3):234.
NoRRis, K. S. 1953. The ecology of the desert iguana Dipsosaurus dorsalis.

Ecology. 34:265-287.
. 1958. The evolution and systematics of the iguanid genus Uma and

its relation to the evolution of other North American desert reptiles. Bull.,

American Mus. Nat. Hist., 1 14(3) :251-326.
Ortenburger, a. I. 1928. The whip snakes and racers. Genera Masticophis

and Coluber. Memoir. Univ. Michigan Mus.: I xviii 247.
Pack. H. J. 1930. Snakes of Utah (compiled by G. F. Knowlton). Utah Agri.

Exper. Sta., Utah State Agri. Coll. Bull. 221:1-32.
Parker, D. D. 1951. A taxonomic and distributional study of the subspecies

of the iguanid lizard, Uta stansburiana in the eastern Great Basin, 1950-51.

Master of Sci. thesis, Dept. Zool. & Entomol., Brigham Young Univ., vi

50 pp. (unpublished).
PHEI^^N. R. L. AND B. H. Brattstrom. 1955. Geographic variation in Sceloporus

magister. Herpetologica 1 1 ( 1 ) : 1 - 1 4, 1-3.
Reeve. W. L. 1952. Taxonomy and di.tribution of the horned lizards genus

Phrynosoma. Univ. Kansas. Sci. Bull. 34(14) : 81 7-960.
Robison, W. G., Jr. and W. W. Tanner. 1962. A comparative study of the

species of the genus Crotaphytus Holbrook (Iguanidae). Brigham Young

Univ.. Sci. Bull., Biol. Ser. 2(1): 1-31.
RoDGERS, T. L. and H. S. Fitch. 1947. Variation in the skinks (Reptilia:

Lacertilia) of the skiltonianus group. Univ. California Publ. Zool. 48(4):

169-200.
RuTHVEN, A. G. 1908. Variations and genetic relationships of the garter snakes.

United States Nat. Mus. Bull. 61:1-201.
. 1926. Notes on Utah reptiles. Occas. Papers, Mus. Zool. Univ. Michi-
gan. 179:1-4.

1932. Notes on the amphibians and reptiles of Utah. Occas. Papers,

Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan 243:1-4.
Savage, J. M. 1952. Studies on the lizard family Xantusiidae. I. The systematic

status of the Baja California night lizards allied to Xantusia vigilis. with

the description of a new subspecies. American Midi. Nat. 48(2) :467-479.
Schmidt. K. P. 1921. A new name for a subspecies of Uta stansburiana. Baird

& Girard. American Mus. Novitates 15:1-2.
. 1953. A check list of North American amphibians and reptiles. 6th

edition. Chicago: I niv. Chicago Press, for American Soc. of Ichthyol'^^ists

& Herpetologists. viii 280 pp.
Shannon, F. A. 1950. Some additional remarks on the status of the species

Sceloporus occidentalis. Herpetologica 6(2): 31 -32.
Smith. H. M. 1939. The Mexican and Central American lizards of the genus

Sceloporus. Zool. Series. Field Mus. Nat. Hist. 26(445) : 1-397.
. 1946. Handbook of Lizards. Lizards of the United States and of

Canada. Ithaca. N. Y.: Comstock Publishing Co., Inc., xxi 557 pp.

The Great Basin Naturalist
134 W. M. TANNER, B. H. BANTA Vol. XXVI, NOS. 3-4

Stebbins, R. C. 1954. Amphibians and reptiles of Western North America.

New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc., xxii 528 pp.
Stejneger, L. H. 1919. The names of the horned toad from Salt Lake Basin.

Copeia (65): 3-4.
Stickel, W. H. 1938. The snakes of the genus Sonora in the United States

and Lower California. Copeia 1938(4): 182-190.
. 1943. The Mexican snakes of the genera Sonora and Chionactis with

notes on the status of other colubrid genera. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington

56:109-127.
Stuart, L. C. 1932. The lizards of the Middle Pahvant Valley, Utah; materials

for a study in saurian distribution. Occas. Papers, Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan

244:1-33
Stull, O. G. 1940. Variations and relationships in the snakes of the genus

Pituophis. United States Nat. Mus. Bull. 175:1-225.
Tanner, V. M. 1927. Distributional list of the amphibians and reptiles of

Utah. Copeia (163): 54-58.
. 1928. Distributional list of the amphibians and reptiles. No. 2 Copeia

(166): 24-27.
. 1929. Distributional list of the amphibians and reptiles of Utah, No.

3. Copeia (171): 6.

1933. A study of the variation of the dorsal scale rows of Charina

bottae (Blainville). Copeia 1933(2) : 81 -84.
Tanner, V. M. and W. W. Tanner. 1939. Notes on Charina bottae in Utah:

reproduction. Great Basin Nat. l(l):27-30.
Tanner, W. W. 1939. Reptiles of Utah County. Proc. Utah Acad. Sci., Arts

and Letters 16:107.
. 1939. The status of the Utah gopher snake. Proc. Utah Acad. Sci.,

Arts and Letters 26:107.
. 1940. Notes on the herpetological specimens added to the Brigham

Young University Vertebrate Collections during 1939. Great Basin Nat.

1:138-146.
. 1941. A study of the variation in the less common snakes of Utah.

Great Basin Nat. 2(1): 16-28.
. 1943. Notes on the life history of Eumeces skiltonianus skiltonianus.

Great Basin Nat. 4(2):81-88.
. 1946. A taxonomic study of the genus Hypsiglena. Great Basin Nat.

5(3-4) :25-92.
. 1950. Variation in the scale and color pattern of the wandering garter

snake in Utah and southern Idaho. Herpetologica 6(7): 194-196.
. 1956. A new Sceloporus magister from eastern Utah. Great Basin Nat.

15(l):32-34.

1957. A taxonomic and ecological study of the western skink Eumeces

skiltonianus. Great Basin Nat. 17 (3-4): 59-94.

. 1966. A re-evaluation of the genus Tantilla in the southwestern

United States and northwestern Mexico. Herpetologica 22(2): 134-150.

1966. The night snakes of Baja California. San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist.

14(15): 189-196.
Tanner, W. W. and B. H. Banta. 1963. Distribution of Tantilla utahensis

Banchard. Great Basin Nat. 22(4): 116-1 18.
Tanner, W. W. and R. B. Loomis. 1957. A taxonomic and distributional study

of the western subspecies of the milk snake, Lampropeltis doliata. Trans.,

Kansas Acad. Sci. 60(1): 12-42.
Tanner, W. W. and Clive D. Jorgensen. Reptiles of the Nevada Test Site.

Brigham Young Univ. Sci. Bull. 3(2): 1-35.
Taylor, E. H. 1935. A taxonomic study of the cosmopolitan scincoid lizards

of the genus Eumeces with an account of the distribution and relationships of

its species. Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull. 23:1-643.
Turner, F. B. 1959. Xantusia v. vigilis in Death Valley National Monument.

Copeia 1959(2): 172-1 73.

Dec. 31, 1966 review of great basin reptiles 135

United States Geological Survey. 1953. Map, United States, Water re-
sources and development. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.

Van Denburgh, /. 1897. The reptiles of the Pacific Coast and Great Basin.
An account of the species known to inhabit California, and Oregon, Washing-
ton, Idaho and Nevada. Occas. Papers, California Acad. Sci. 5:1-236.

. 1905. The reptiles and amphibians of the islands of the Pacific Coast

of North America from the Farallons to Cape San Lucas and the Revilla
Gigedos. Proc., California Acad. Sci. ser. 3, 4(1): 1-40.

. 1920a. A further study of variation in the gopher snakes of western

North America. Proc. California Acad. Sci. ser. 4, 10(1): 1-28.

. 1920b. Description of a new subspecies of boa (Charina bottae utahen-

sis) from Utah. Proc. California Acad. Sci. ser. 4, 10(3):31-32.

1922. The reptiles of western North America. Vol. I. Lizards. Vol. II.

Snakes and Turtles. Occas. Papers, California Acad. Sci. 10:1-611, 617-1028.
Van Denburgh, J. and J. R. Slevin. 1915. A List of the amphibians and

reptiles of Utah, with notes on the species in the collection of the Academy.

Proc., California Acad. Sci. ser. 4, 5 (4): 99- 110.
. 1918. The garter snakes of western North America. Proc. California

Acad. Sci. ser. 4, 9(6): 197-220.

1921. A list of the amphibians and reptiles of Idaho, with notes on the

species in the collection of the Academy. Proc. California Acad. Sci. ser. 4,

11 (3): 38-47.
Wells, Philip V. and Clive D. Jorgensen. Pleistocene Wood Rat Middens

and Climatic Change in Mohave Desert: A record of juniper woodlands. Sci.

143(3611):1171-1174.
Woodbury, A. M. 1931. A descriptive catalog of the reptiles of Utah. Bull.

Univ. Utah 21(5): x 129.
. 1952. Gazetteer of Utah localities and altitudes. Cooperative Project,

Zool. Dept., Univ. Utah, &. Utah State Inst. Fine Arts, W. P. A., 215 pp.

( mimeographed ) .
Woodbury, A. M. and R. M. Hansen. 1950. A snake den in Tintic Moun-
tains, Utah. Herpetologica 6:66-70.
Woodbury, A. M. and E. W. Smart. 1950. Unusual snake records from Utah

and Nevada. Herpetologica 6(2): 45-47.

THREE NOTEWORTHY COLURRIDS FROM
SOUTHERN SONORA, MEXICO

Max A. Nickerson and H. L. Heringhi^

Two separate collections of amphibians and reptiles were made
by private collectors during the summers of 1964 and 1966 in and
around Alamos, Sonora, Mexico. These collections are deposited in
the herpetological collection of Arizona State University (ASU).
This report concerns three rare species of colubrids from these collec-
tions.

Dryadophis cliftoni Hardy

This snake was originally described as Dryadophis jasciatus
Hardy, 1963 (Copeia, 669-672). This name was found to be pre-
occupied and was replaced by Dryadophis cliftoni Hardy. 1964
(Copeia, 714). A single, adult female (ASU 5848) was taken near
the Anna Maria Mine, approximately 20 miles east of Alamos,
near the Sonora-Chihuahua border, between August 1-15, 1964.
This is the fifth specimen reported and the first from Sonora. It
represents an extension of the range about 325 miles NNW from
Plumosas, Sinaloa, Mexico.

This specimen differs from those described by Hardy (1963) as
follows: infralabials 10-11, most previously 10-10; the dorsal surface
of the head is tan from the parietals anterior, v^hereas in others only
the top of the head anterior to eyes was tan; and 32 dark dorsal
blotches (which become lighter anteriorly), less than the 40-46
recorded.

Sonora aemula Cope

All five specimens were collected within the city limits of Ala-
mos except ASU 6458, which was taken a short distance south of
Alamos. Two males ^ASU 5850, 5851) were collected in July, 1964,
and two females (ASU 6611, 6612) and one male (ASU 6458)
in July, 1966. They ranged in size from a total length of 242 mm.
and 35 mm. tail length (ASU 6612) to 365 mm. total length and 58
mm. tail length (ASU 5850). This brings the known number of
specimens to ten.

None of the five snakes showed the same dorsal or ventral pat-
tern. Zweifel and Norris (1955) state that body color pattern is
variable and shows little consistency in the arrangement of the red,
black, and white rings. (Fig. 1 shows the diversity encountered.)
Such a polychromatic condition is difficult to interpret. Zweifel and
Norris \op. cit.) state that in the specimens they studied each red
scale (dorsal assumed) was centered with black. In the ASU speci-
mens some of the dorsal scales approaching the venter lose the black
pigmentation, also the black is not always centered on the scale.

1 Department of Zoology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona.

136

Dec. 31,1966

THREE COLUBRIDS, MEXICO

137

g

s

s

s

g

g

s

s

a

§

00

ro

00

4:

vn

m

vn

CSI

OO

s

s

s

s

to

CO

cq

CO

oo

CO

ro CSI
oq CO

CO

cq

T—l

cq
c^

CO CO

CO CO
CO CO

o ^

o
o

o
o

CO

CsJ

C<l

oq

Csl

2

00

00

t^

\
N.

00

00

t^
t^

00

00

00

t^
t^

In.

^

o

?

CO

vn
CO

00
CO

^
^

vn
vn

o

CO

oq
c>q

Cs) (COiTj-cOO "^ <^

^ ^^^^^ (M CO

vn vnvnvnvnvn <^ o^

o- vnvnvnvnvn <^ en

t^ vnvno^(£) CT> cr>

00 •;:;
^ 5
00 i::,
vn <--

CO .

vn JS
oo :i
vn S

CC

vn

00

vn

CO

00

CO

(O

CO

CO

(O

CO

<

00 o

co^

<C/D

CO

«o

CO

The Great Basin Naturalist
138 M. A. NICKERSON, H. L. HERINGH Vol. XXVI, NoS. 3-4

One specimen (ASU 6612) is devoid of any bands or rings on the
dorsum of the body and has lost the black band which borders the
posterior margin of the white nuchal band (characteristic of all of
the other specimens). One specimen (ASU 6611) is devoid of bands
or rings for the first third of its length. Zweifel and Norris (op.cit.)
report one female (MVZ 50746) and Bogert and Oliver (1945),
one male (AMNH 63738) as having lost the banded pattern an-
teriorly. The dorsal pattern of this series, except ASU 6612, con-
sists of a series of triads either white-black-white or black-white-
black on a red ground color. Apparently on three specimens (ASU

5850, 6458, 6611) the black spots (usually centered on each scale)
have fused to form black bands on both sides of what would be a
white-black-white triad converting this to a five-banded sequence
black-white-black-white-black. The other alternative being that two
triads may have fused, losing one band in the process. The number
of the five-banded sequences varied from zero to three.

The triads of an individual may all be black- white-black at ASU

5851, or white-black-white (except those fused) as ASU 6458, or
change from one to the other as ASU 5850. The number of body
triads (counting the aberrant bandings as one) varies from zero to
ten. Zweifel and Norris (op. cit.) mention red rings on two speci-
mens; however, only ASU 5850 had red crossing the venter to form
rings. In this specimen all bands — black, white, and red (except an-
teriorly)— 'Cross the venter to form rings. In the remaining speci-
mens in the Arizona State University collection the venter is white
with only the black crossing it to form rings. However, on the tail
the red extends down to produce a red ventral surface wdth black
and white rings. One specimen (ASU 6612) has an immaculate
venter except for a black and white ring at the tip of the tail.

Sympholis lippiens rectilimbus Hensley

An adult male (ASU 5849) was taken on the road between
Los Trincheros and Alamos (14 mi. W. of Alamos on the Alamos-
Navojoa road) between June 27 and July 10, 1964 (10:00 p.m.-
1:30 a.m.). Another adult male (ASU 6634) was taken 10 mi. W.
of Alamos August 6, 1966, 11:00 p.m.

According to Hensley (1966), this subspecies differs from S. I.
lippiens principally in shape and position of nuchal band, ventral
pattern details, and head scutellation. He describes S. I. rectilimbus
as having a straight margin on the anterior border of the white nu-
chal collar, a dark blotch or wide line in each interspace on the
venter (at midline), narrower interspaces between the body bands
than S. I. lippiens, only the third supralabial entering the orbit, and
loreals often reduced or absent. Both specimens (ASU 5849, 6634)
agree with the last three characteristics but not with the first two.
The anterior border of the white nuchal band of ASU 5849 projects
caudad forming a V. On ASU 6634 it makes a looplike extension
cephalad similar to S. I. lippiens, although not as pronounced as
Hensley {op. cit.. Fig. 2B, p. 51) illustrates.

Dec. 31, 1966 review of great basin reptiles

139

O

H
"a

o
c
o

> .

The Great Basin Naturalist
140 THREE COLUBRIDS, MEXICO Vol. XXVI, NOS. 3-4

Furlhermore, the ventral pattern of both snakes has a closer re-
semblance to S. I. lippiens than S. I. rectilimbus (Hensley, op. cit..
Fig. 2 G&H, p. 51). The interspaces on ASU 5849 are nearly im-
maculate, whereas on ASU 6634 some interspaces are diffusely pig-
mented. More specimens should be examined to evaluate these ciiar-
acters and the validity of this subspecies.

Our thanks go to the following for their contributions: Dr.
W. L. Minckley, Dr. M. J. Fouquette, Jr., Milton Lieberman, John
Sloan, Stan Williams, Pat Marlino, Rene Martinez De Castro, and
Luis Carlos Felix.

Some funds supporting this study were received from Arizona
State University.

Literature Cited

BoGERT, Charles M., and James A. Oliver. 1945. A preliminary analysis of

the herpetofauna of Sonora. Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 83:301-425; plates

37.
Hardy, Laurence M. 1963. Description of a new species of snake (Genus

Dryadophis) from Mexico. Copeia, 1963(4) : 669-672.
. 1964. A replacement name for Dryadophis fasciatus Hardy. Copeia,

1964(4): 714.
Hensley, M. Max. 1966. A new subspecies of the Mexican snake, Sympholis

lippiens Cope. Herp., 22(l):48-55; 2 figs.
ZwEiFEL, Richard G., and Kenneth S. Norris. 1955. Contribution to the

herpetology of Sonora, Mexico. Amer. Mid. Nat., 54(1) :230-249.

INDEX TO VOLUME XXVI

The new genera and species described in this volume appear in bold face
type in this index.

Additional Records for Uncommon
Birds in Southern Nevada, 41.

Alexander, Charles P., Article by, 1.

AUred, Dorald M., see Beck, 9, Arti-
cle by, 34.

Ancyloderes Blackman, 18.

Ancyloderes pilosus (LeConte), 21.

A Systematic Review of the Great
Basin Reptiles in the Collections of
Brigham Young University and the
University of Utah, 87.

Austin, George T. and W. Glen Brad-
ley, Article by, 41.

Aythya marila, 41.

Banta, Benjamin H., see Tanner, 87.

Beck, D Elden, Article by, 76.

Beck, D Elden and Dorald M. Allred,
Article by, 9.

Boidae, 115.

Brachyspartus emarginatiis (Eg-
gers), n. comb., 22.

Brachyspartus Ferrari, 18.

Bradley, W. Glen, see Austin, 41.

Cenocephalus epistomalis, n. sp., 47.

Cheilotrichia (Empeda) akiavikensis,
n. sp., 7.

Clethrionomys gapperi uintaensis
Doutt, 73.

Colubridae, 116.

Corthylocurus, n. g., 18.

Corthylus flagellifer Blandford, 22.

Crotalidae, 128.

Cryphalomorphus expers Blandford,
n. comb., 22.

Cryphalomorphus knabi Hopkins, 22.

Dendrocranulvs schedli, n. n., 23.

Dendrotnipes costiceps Broun, 23.

Dicranota (Dicranota) bernardinen-
sis, n. sp., 4.

Dryadophis cliftoni Hardy, 136.

Egoscue, Harold J., Article by, 71.

Eublepharidae, 101.

Evans, Howard E., Article by, 35.

Forlida caerulea, 41.

Gallinula chloropus, 41.

Gnathotrupes fimbriatus Schedl, n.
comb., 23.

Heringhi, H. L., see Nickerson, 136.

Hylastes flohri (Eggers), n. comb.,
24.

Hylocurus hirtellus (LeConte), n.
comb., 24.

Hypothenemus (Stephanoderes) ru-
fescens Hopkins, 29.

Iguanidae, 102.

Index, 141.

Ips DeGreer, 19.

Ips latidens LeConte, 24.

Lagurus curtains intermedins (Tay-
lor), 74.

Limnophila (Idioptera) nearctica,
n. sp., 5.

Mammals of the Paunsagunt Plateau
Region, Utah, 43.

Mecopelmu^ zeteki Blackman, 45.

Microdipodops magacephalus leuco-
tis Hall and Durrant, 72.

Microtus longicaudus latus Hall, 73.

Microtus pennsylvanicus pullatus An-
derson, 74.

Mimips chiriquensis (Blandford), n.
comb., 24.

Mniotilta varia, 41.

Monarthrum bisetosum (Schedl), n.
comb., 24.

Monarthrum exornatum (Schedl), n.
comb., 25.

Monarthrum Kirsch, 19.

Monarthrum laterale (Eichhoff), n.
comb., 25.

Monarthrum melanura Blandford, n.
comb., 26.

Monarthrum scutellare (LeConte),
26.

Mustela erminea muricas (Bangs),
74.

Neodryocoetes limbatus (Eggers), n.
comb., 27.

Neotrachyostus obliquus, n. sp., 49.

Nests and Prey of Two Species of
Philanthus in Jackson Hole, Wyo-
ming (Hymenoptera, Sphecidae),
35.

141

142

New and Additional Host-Flea As-
sociations and Distributional Rec-
ords of Fleas from Utah, 71.

New Records and Species of Neo-
tropical Platypodidae (Coleop-
tera). Illustrated, 45.

New Synonymy in the Platypodidae
and Scolytidae (Coleoptera), 17.

Nickerson, Max A. and H. L. Hering-
hi. Article by, 136.

Perognatus formosus incolatus Hall,
72.

Perognathiis longimembris gulosus
Hall, 72.

Perognathus parvtis olivaceus Mer-
riam, 72.

Peromyscus maniculatus sonoriensis
(LeConte), 72.

Philanthus pulcher Dalla Torre, 35.

Philanthus zebratus nitens (Banks),
38.

Phloeosinus punctatus LeConte, 27.

Pityokteines ornatus (Swaine), n.
comb., 27.

Pityophthorus schwe rdtfergeri
(Schedl), n. comb., 28.

Platypus abditulus, n. sp., 50.

Platypus angustatulus, n. sp., 55.

Platypus annexus, n. sp., 62.

Platypus brevicornis, n. sp., 61

Platypus chiriquensis, n. sp., 59.

Platypus clunalis, n. sp., 67.

Platypus cluniculus, n. sp., 69.

Platypus clunis, n. sp., 68.

Platypus connexus, n. sp., 65.

Playtpus coronatus Schedl, 17.

Platypus equadorensis, Schedl, 17

Platypus eugestus, n. sp., 64.

Platypus exitialis, n. sp., 51.

Platypus llratlcus, n. sp., 58.

Platypus longior, n. sp., 56.

Platypus longuis, n. sp., 57.

Platypus longulus Chapuis, 53.

Platypus occipitis, n. sp., 54.

Platypus otiosus Schedl, 53.

Platypus pini Hopkins, 17.

Platypus prenexus, n. sp., 64.

Platypus schedii, n. sp., 51.

Platypus senexus, n. sp., 66.

Platypus simpliciformis, n. sp., 57.

Platypus vegestus, n. sp., 63.

Poecilips advena Blandford, 28.

Polygraphus rufipennis (Kirby), 28.

Pseudothysanoes tr e s mar iae
(Schedl), n. comb., 29.

Pteleobius Bedel, 20.

Pteleobius mundulus (Broun), 29.

References on Nevada Test Site
Ecological Research, 79.

Reithrodontomys megalotis megalo-
tis (Baird), 72.

Rhabdomastix (Sacandaga) hynesi,
n. sp., 6.

Schultz, Vincent, Article by, 79.

Scincidae, 113.

Scolytus tsugae (Swaine), 30.

Scolytus unispinosus LeConte, 30.

Setophaga picta, 41.

Sonora aemula Cope, 136.

Sorex palustris navigator (Baird),
71.

Sorex vagrans obscurus Merriam, 71.

Spiza americana, 42.

Stephenson, Stephen N., Note by, 43.

Sympholis lippiens rectilimbu^ Hens-
ley, 138.

Tanner, Wilmer W., and Benjamin
H. Banta, Article by, 87.

Teiidae, 112.

Three Noteworthy Colubrids from
Southern Sonora, Mexico. Illustrat-
ed, 136.

Tingidae, Neididae (Berytidae) and
Pentatomidae of the Nevada Test
Site, 9.

Tipula (Lunatlpula) meootrlchia, n.
sp., 2.

Tipula (Pterelachisus) horningi, n.
sp., 1.

Tricolus nodifer Blandford, 30.

Trypodendron Stephens, 20.

Undescribed Species of Nearctic Tip-
ulidae (Diptera) VII. 1.

Unusual Records of Utah Mites, 34.

Wood, Stephen L., Articles by, 17, 45.

Xantusidae, 11.

Xyleborus capucinu^ Eichhoff, 31.

Xyleborus coartatus Sampson, 31.

Xyleborus intersetosu^ Blandford, 31.

Xyleborus obliquus Sharp, 32.

Xyleborus spinulosus Blandford, 32.

Xyleborus vulcanus Perkins, 32.

Xylosandrus zimmermanni (Hop-
kins), n. comb., 33.

Zapus princeps utahensis Hall, 74.

The Great Basin Naturalist

Founded in 1939 by Vasco M. Tanner

A journal published from one to four times a year by Brigham
Young University, Provo, Utah.

]>/Ianuscripts: Only original unpublished manuscripts, pertain-
ing to the Great Basin and the western United States in the main,
will be accepted. Manuscripts are subject to the approval of the
editor.

Illustrations: All illustrations should be made with a view to
having tbern appear within the limits of the printed page. The illus-
trations that form a part of an article should accompany the manu-
script. All half-tones or zinc etchings to appear in this journal are
to be made under the supervision of the editor, and the cost of the
cuts is to be borne by the contributor.

Reprints: No reprints are furnished free of charge. A price Hst
for reprints and an order form is sent with the proof.

SuuscRiPTiON: The annual subscription is $2.50 (outside the
United States $3.25). Single number, 80 cents.

Ail correspondence dealing with manuscripts should be addressed
to the Editor, Vasco M. Tanner, Great Basin Naturalist, Brigham
Young University, Provo, Utah. Other matters such as subscriptions,
reprints, exchanges and other business should be addressed to Ernest
L. Olson, Chairman of University Publications.

Reprints Scheduij: of The Great Basin Naturalist

Additional

2 pp.

4 pp.

6 pp.

8 pp. 10 pp. 12 pp. 2 pp.

50 copies

$6.00

$7.00

$8.00

$9.00 $10.00 $11.00 $2.00

100 copies

7.00

8.00

9.00

10.00 11.00 12.00

200 copies

8.00

9.00

10.00

11.00 12.00 13.00

300 copies

9.00

10.00

11.00

12.00 13.00 14.00

Covers: $10.00 for first 100 copies, $4.00 for additional 100 copies.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

New Records and Species of Neotropical Platypodidae (Cole-

optera). Illustrated. Stephen L. Wood _ 45

New and Additional Host-Flea Associations and Distributional

Records of Fleas from Utah. Harold J. Egoscue 71

Siphonaptera (Fleas) of Mesa Verde National Park, Monte

zuma, Colorado. D Elden Beck _ 76

References on Nevada Test Site Ecological Research. Vincent

Schultz „ 79

A Systematic Review of the Great Basin Reptiles in the Col-
lections of Brigham Young University and the University
of Utah. Illustrated. Wikner W. Tanner and Benjamin
H. Banta _ 87

Three Noteworthy Colubrids from Soutitiem Sonora, Mexico.

Illustrated. Max A. Nickerson and H. L. Heringhi 136

Index _ 141