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CRYPTOGAMIC BOTANY

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A QUARTERLY RECORD OF

CRYPTOGAMIC BOTANY

AND ITS LITERATURE.

Edited by M. C. COOKE, M.A., A.L.S.,

Author of “ Handbook of British Fungi," “ Fungi, their uses," <fc.,
“ Bust, Smut, Mildew, and Mould,’ } <$fc., tfc.

YOL. XI.

18 8 2-8 3 .

WILLIAMS and NORGATE,

HENRIETTA STREET, COYENT GARDEN, LONDON;
SOUTH FREDERICK STREET^ EDINBURGH.

LEIPZIG : F. A. BROCKHAUS. NEW YORK : WESTERMANN & CO*

NOV 2 2 1995

Fahuow Reference Library

‘iX

H. W. WOLFF, PRINTER, LEWES.

Y8AR8IJ mm

No. 57. J

[September, 1882.

dmitlea,

A QUARTERLY RECORD OF CRYPTOGAMIC BOTANY
AND ITS LITERATURE.

A MONOGRAPH OF THE BRITISH HYPOMYCES.

By Charles B. Plowright.

With Illustrations of all Species, by Dr. M. C. Cooke, M. A., A.L.S.

There are several points which render the members of this genus
specially interesting to the mycologist, and which make it a
promising field for the worker. In the first place, the nature of
matrices upon which the species grow fungi. Hypomyces are inter
alia fungi growing upon other fungi. These fungous hosts vary
in nature and in quality very considerably. Some are living fungi,
which afford the Hypomyces a home long ere they themselves have
attained maturity ; for example, H. luteo-virens , Fr., grows upon
agarics. It has occurred near King’s Lynn for three successive
seasons, yet, although attention has been especially directed to this
point, it has not, as yet, been possible to determine with certainty
what the agaric is, for the simple reason that the Hypomyces
attacks it before it appears above ground, and so alters its appear-
ance, that beyond recognising the fact that it is an agaric, its
genus, much less its species, cannot be determined. Prof. P. A.
Karsten, however, has met with this Hypomyces in Finland, upon
various species of Lactarii , and it is highly probable that, in the
course of time, this observation will be confirmed in this country.
More commonly, however, these parasites attack fungi which have
attained, or even passed their maturity, as H. chrysospermus ,
aurantius, rosellus , &c. Some grow upon the fleshy Agancini and
Boleti , others upon the tough, coriaceous Polyporei and Sterei ,
while two species affect such ephemeral hosts as the Myxomycetes
afford. But perhaps the most remarkable species grows, not upon
the fungus itself, but upon the ground under or near where it has
decayed, this decay being the result of the growth of an earlier
stage of the Hypomyces. In other words the Hypomyces, in its
conidial stages, first attacks the host fungus, and by causing its

1

2

A MONOGRAPH OF THE BRITISH HYPOMYCES.

decay, generates the pabulum necessary for the nourishment and
perfection of the higher form of fructificatian (ascigerous) of the
Hypomyces , which is found in a stroma developed on the ground.

The genus Hypomyces, however, is interesting, not only from its
fungicolous habit, but also from the numerous phases of existence
through which many of its members pass. In the highest condi-
tion under which we meet with it, it is ascigerous, and belongs to
the large order Sphceriacei, inasmuch as it has its sporidia inclosed
in asci, and its asci enclosed in perforate perithecia. The perithecia
are membranous, coloured often brightly, pierced at the apex by
minute ostiola, and are, as a rule, seated upon a web of floccose
mycelium, which is tolerably permanent, and has usually the same
colour as the perithecia. The asci are, as a rule, octosporous, and
take the form of an elongated cylinder. The sporidia are of two
types, (1) either rather large, fusiform, normally uniseptate, and
produced at either extremity into an acute point or pointed
appendage ; or (2) they are small, oval, with blunt extremities,
and, as a rule, uniseptate.

The second form of fructification consists of Macroconidia or
Chlamydospores. These are large spores having usually a thick,
often echinulate or verrucose epispore, frequently globose, brightly
coloured, and very abundant.

The third form of fructification, the Microconidia or Conidia
proper, are, on the contrary, small hyaline spores, often extremely
abundant, born singly upon the tips of hyaline tubes, or conca-
tenately. Many of them have been described as autonomous
species of Mucedenes , under the genera Botrytis, Verticillium,
Dactylium , &c.

All three states of every Hypomyces have not as yet been
observed, either in this country or elsewhere. As a rule, the
ascigerous condition is the least frequently encountered, but this
is by no means always the case ; perhaps, upon the whole, the
microconidia are the most abundantly diffused.

M. Tulasne mentions two species of Hypomyces , which have been
found in this country, but which cannot, 1 think, be fairly included
in this genus, as it is at present limited, viz. : —

Hypomyces miliarius and H. tuberosus. Both these species have
this in common, that they, while growing parasitically upon other
fungi, develope sclerotia. They were both pointed out by M.
Max Cornu at Hereford.

Hypomyces miliarius, Tul. This species consists of a thin white
layer of mycelium running over the gills, and sometimes other
superficial parts of various Russules ( R . emetica , fattens, and
adusta). From this mycelium are produced erect conidiophores,
which bear abundant narrow ovate oblong conidia ‘OOT-'OIS mm.
in length. Intermixed with the mycelium are innumerable small
globose sclerotia.

Tulasne, Sel. Carp. Fung., hi , p. 43, note. Saccardo, Mich., i.,
p. 287.

A MONOGRAPH OF THE BRITISH HYPOMYCES.

3

Hypomyces tuberosus , Tul., is a much larger plant than the
preceding. The sclerotia are large, globose or irregular, whitish
or pallid, and externally a good deal resembling those from which
Agaricus cirrhatus is developed, but there is this very marked
difference between these two sclerotia — those of the agaric, when
cut across, are pale yellow within, while those of the so-called
Hypomyces are reddish brown. My friend M. Cornu last autumn
gave me some fresh sclerotia of the latter kind, which I placed in
incisions in the stem of a specimen of Lactarius vellereus , and
kept under a bell glass. In due course the sclerotia developed a
beautiful mould consisting of a central stem which, in the course of
a few days from its first appearance, grew to the height of 2 to 3
c. m., and gave off at right angles branches bearing oval hyaline
spores. The branches were very numerous, nearly at right angles
to the central stem, not arranged in whorls. The erect direction of
the stem soon became lost, and the branches interlaced with those
of other specimens, so that an intricate mass was formed, from
which was developed a fresh crop of sclerotia.

Tulasne, Sel. Carp. Fung., in., p. 58, note. Saccardo, Mich., i.,
p. 287.

There remain two species of Hypocrea which, only after
mature consideration, have been excluded from the present
monograph, namely, H. alutacea and H. inclusa , B. & Br. The
former is a well known plant which has been figured and described
by various authors under the generic designations of Hypocrea , Cor-
dyceps , Claviceps , Sphceria, and Clavaria. As usually found in this
country, it bears a stronger external resemblance to the Torrubice ,
than to the members of any other genus. Its fructification, how-
ever, clearly shows its affinity to the Hypocrece. Its asci contain
eight uniseptate hyaline sporidia, which at maturity fall into two
separate halves at the septum, so as to appear as sixteen globose
sporidia arranged in a linear series.

M. Tulasne regards this species as an ally of the Hypomyces ,
and considers it parasitic upon Clavaria ligula. Now Clavaria
ligula is not properly speaking an English species, for although
within the last few years it has been recorded from Scotland, it has
not as yet been met with south of the Dee. In searching for
Hypocrea alutacea, some few years ago, near Hereford, Mr. C. E.
Broome casually mentioned the fact that he frequently found it
growing in company with Spathularia flavida , and since which time
I have found it several times, but always associated with the
Spathularia , except on one occasion. So intimate and pertinacious
has this association been that 1 cannot doubt its parasitism. The
other occasion, alluded to above, was near King’s Lynn, when it
occurred upon an old stump, and although I cannot recognise the
host upon which it grew (any more than the agaric which harbours
Hypomyces luteo-virens) , yet I have no doubt as to the parasitic
nature of this plant.

The younger specimens are whitish in colour, and only assume

4

A MONOGRAPH OF THE BRITISH HYPOMYCES.

their alutaceous hue when the perithecia are developed. M.
Tulasne (Sel. Fung. Carp., hi., t. iv., f. 4) gives a figure of the
conidia, which are globose hyaline bodies born upon verticillate
septate threads.

Hypocrea inclusa , B. & Br.,is a species remarkable, both on
account of its curious habitat as well as for its fructification; it is
virtually an eight-spored Hypocrea} growing internally upon the
hymenium of Tuber puberulum .

The following seventeen species of Hypomyces naturally fall into
two groups, viz., those of which the ascigerous fructification is
known and those of which it is unknown. The former may further
be divided into (a) those having larger acute sporidia, and (b)
those with smaller obtuse sporidia.

Ascospores Known.

A. Sporidia acute.

1 Hypomyces

2

3

4

5

6

n

a

11

a

it

8

9

10

11

n

t>

n

B. Sporidia obtuse.

12

13

14

15

a

it

a

ii

chrysospermus, Tul.
asterophorus, Tul.
lateritius, Tul.
torminosus, Tul.
rosellus, Tul.
aurantius, Tul.
ochraceus, Tul.

Tulasneanus, Plow. & Cooke,
luteo-virens, Tul.
terrestris, Plow. & Boud.
Broomeanus, Tul.

Berkleyanus, Plow. & Cooke,
aureo-nitens, Tul.
violaceus, Tul.
candicans, Plow.

Ascospores Unknown.

16 Linkii, Tul.

17 cervinus, Tul.

1. Hypomyces chrysospermus, Tul. Conidia , small, white, ovate
or oblong, obtuse at both ends, sometimes contracted in the middle ;
*01 to *02 mm. long by *005 to *006 mm. wide.

Chlamydospores. Sphserical, rough with warts, golden yellow, be-
coming yellow brown, very abundant ; *013 to *02 mm. in diameter.

Perithecia. Numerous, crowded, upon and amongst the golden
powder of the chlamydospores, ovoid, with a conico-attenuated
apex ; at first hyaline, then golden yellow, smooth; *3 to *32 mm.
in height.

Asci. Cylindrical, attenuated below; *12 to *2 mm. long by *001
mm. wide.

Sporidia eight, elongated, lanceolate, hyaline usually, unequally
uniseptate ; *021 to *03 mm. long by *006 mm. wide.

A MONOGRAPH OF THE BRITISH HYPOMYCES.

5

Hypomyces chrysospermus, Tul. Ann. Sc. Nat., Series iv., vol.
xiii. (1860), p. 16.

„ ,, Karsten Mycol. Fenn. n., p. 209.

„ „ Sel. Fung. Carp, hi., p. 49, t. vm., f. 1-13.

„ „ Fuckel Symb. Myc., p. 182.

,, ,, Berk, and Broome. Ann. N. H., No. 1832.

„ „ Phillips and Plow., Grev. vm., p. 104.

„ ,, Saccardo Mich, i., p. 285.

Mycol. Yenet. sp. 124.

Chlamydospores :
Tubiporus sulphuratus.
Reticularia chrysosperma.
Mucor chrysospermus.

>* »

>> »>

Uredo mycophila.

>> V

Sepedonium mycophilum.

Paulet. t. 183, fig. 1, 2.

Bull. t. 476, f. 4.

Bull. t. 504, f. 1.

Sow. t. 378, f. 13.

With, iv., p. 370.

Purton. ii. & hi., No. 1121.

Alb. and Schw., p. 122.

Pers. Obs. Myc., p. 16.

„ Synop., p. 214.

Be Cand. Flor. Gall, n., p. 230.
Nees Syst. der Pilze.,p. 44, t. hi.,

f. 38.

Mycobanche chrysosperma.

Sporotrichum mycophilum.
Sepedonium chrysospermum.

Mart. FI. Cryp. Erlang., p. 339.
Link. Obs. i., p. 16.

Willd. Sp. Plant, vi., p. 29.

Corda leones, iv., p. 7, t. hi., f. 23.
Grev. t. 198.

Chev. FI. Par., t. hi., f. 16.

Chev. Fung, et Byss., t. 16.

Rabh. Exs. 184.

„ Cryp. Flor. i., p. 71.

Pers. Champ. Com., p. 133.

Wallr. FI. Germ, n., p. 272.
Spreng. Sys. Yeg. iv., p. 549.

Link. Obs. i., p. 29.

Fries Sys. Myc. hi., p. 438.

Fries Sys. Yeg. Sc., p. 497.

Berk. Eng. FI. v., pt. 2, p. 350.
Tulasne Act. Heb. Ac. Science,
1855, p. 616.

Berk. Outlines, p. 355.

Cooke Hdbk., p. 619.

Fckl. Exs., No. 141.

Stevenson Mycol. Scot., p. 286.
Berk. Cryp. Bot., pp. 298, 304, 306.
Kunze Exs. 223.

Bisch. f. 3806.

Bonord. Hdbk., t. 4, f. 103.

Karst. Exs. 387.

6

A MONOGRAPH OF THE BRITISH HYPOMYCES.

Common in the conidiferons state upon various Boleti, especially
B. scaber , chrysenteron , subtomentosus , badius, and edulis. It also
occurs on Paxillus involutus , and upon Strobilomyces strobilaceus.
Tulasne records it upon Scleroderma verrucosum, Octaviana astero-
sperma, and Melanogaster variegatus.

The ascigerous state is much the most uncommon ; it was found
by the Rev. M. J. Berkeley at Coed Cocli, and in Chapelton wood
near Forres by the Rev. J. Stevenson and myself in September,
1879. The infected Boletus first shows signs of being affected
with the parasite by producing upon its surface, at some point, a
crop of microconidia. If it be examined in this stage, numerous
mycelial tubes will be seen making their way downwards or to-
wards the centre of the matrix. These penetrate with great
rapidity into the substance of the Boletus. Immediately beneath
the microconidia will now be found upon the same mycelium the
macroconidia. They are at first almost colourless, but soon be-
come faintly tinged with yellow, then golden. The whole fungus
in a short time becomes reduced to a mass of golden powder, which
falls to pieces on the gentlest touch. What the precise conditions
are which favour the production of perithecia I have failed to dis-
cover beyond that the too rapid development of Chlamydospores
must not take place.

Plate 146. a. Portion of a Boletus with the conidia growing in a white
woolly mass upon its surface. Nat. size.

b. Part of the same X 400.

C. Microconidia x 400.

d. Macroconidia X 400.

e. Perfect fungus on Boletns. Nat. size.

f. Perithecia X 20.

g. Perithecium X 140.

h. i. Asci and sporidia X 400.

k. Sporidia X 600.

2. Hypomyces asterophorus, Tul. Conidia, cylindrical, produced
from the extremities of the branching mycelial tubes ; -Ol-'OIS
mm. long by *0035 mm. wide.

Chlamydospores produced singly upon the lower and thicker
portions of the mycelial tubes ; spkserical, rough with warts, ap-
pendiculate, eventually falling into a copious fawn-coloured powder ;
*02 to ’025 mm. in diameter.

Perithecia formed in and by the effused mycelial tubes, crowded,
sessile, sphaerico-ovoid, more or less elongated at the neck; with
acute, pervious ciliate ostiola ; pale yellow brown, sub-hyaline; T5
mm. high by ‘OT-’Oy mm. wide.

Asci broadly ovate, abruptly attenuated below.

Sporidia narrowly lanceolate, curved, mucronate at either end,
uniseptate, pale yellowish brown ; -025-*035 mm. long by ‘006 mm.
wide.

Hypomyces asterophorus, Tulasne. Sel. Fungi Carp. vol. hi., p.

54, t. 9.

GREVILLEA

PL. 146.

Hypomyces chrysospermus . ^Tul.

A

A MONOGRAPH OF THE BRITISH HYPOMYCES.

7

Hypomyces asterophorus, Fackel. Symb. Myc., p. 181.

„ ,, Karsten Myc. Fenn. n., p. 209.

„ „ Saccardo Mich, i., p. 285.

Conidia :

Elvella clavus. Schseff., t. 279.

„ ,, Paulet., t. 190, f. 4.

Fungoidaster parvus, &c. Mich., p. 200, t. 82, f. 1.

Merulius lycoperdoides. De Cand. FI. Fr., vol. n., p. 128.
Onygena agaricina Schweintz Fung. Car. Super, p. 65.

Agaricus lycoperdonoides. Bull. t. 166 and t. 516, f. 1.

„ „ Sow. t. 383.

„ „ Pers. Synop., p. 325.

„ „ Pers. Mycol. Europ., vol.

hi., p. 127.

Agaricus (Asterophora) lycoperdoides. Nees Syst. d.

Pilze., p. 206, t. 24, f. 194.

Asterophora Linkii. Schrad. N. Jour. Bot., vol. in., p.

17.

„ „ „ Mag. Nat. Fr. z. Berlin,

m. (1809), p. 33.

„ lycoperdoides. Ditm. Sturm, t. 26.

,, „ Babh. Exs. No. 235.

,, agaricoides, lycoperdoides, physaroides, and

trichoides. Fries Obs. Myc. ii., p.367.
„ agaricoides, lycoperdoides, and physaroides.

Fries. Sys. Mycol. in., p. 205.

„ lycoperdoides and trichoides. Fries Sys.

Yeg. Sc., p. 446.

„ agaricoides and lycoperdoides. Berk. Eng.

FI., vol. v., pt. 2, p. 322. Wallr. Flora.
Germ.,pt. 2, p. 270.

„ lycoperdoides and physaroides. Bonor-

den, p. 134, t. 11, f. 224.

Asterosperma agaricoides. Pers. Champ. Comes, t .i.,p.
132 and 134.

Nyctalis asterophora. Fries Ep., p. 371. S. Y. S.,
p. 312. Hymen., p. 463.

„ „ DeBaryBot. Zeit.,t.l7 (1859),

p. 385 and 3 9 7, t. 13, f. 1-11.

„ „ Berkeley Outlines, p. 217.

Cryp. Bot., p. 305, 366.

„ „ Cooke Hdbk., p. 231.

„ „ Stevenson Mycol. Scot., p. 116.

„ „ Cooke and Quelet, p. 151.

„ „ Karst. Exs., 512.

Parasitic upon Nyctalis parasitica, certain years abundantly ; at
other times scarcely a specimen is met with.

The perithecia of this species of Hypomyces differ considerably

8

A MONOGRAPH OP THE BRITISH HYPOMYCES.

from those of the other members of the genus. They are formed
of very large polygonal cells, which become elongated and parallel
where they form the ostiolum. The conidial state of this fungus
has been known in this county since the time of Sowerby, but it
was only in the month of September, 1880, that I was fortunate
enough to meet with perithecia. Several specimens were then
found in Hockering Wood in company with the Rev. J. M. Du Port.
Their development was carefully watched by placing them attached
to the matrix ( Russula nigricans) upon damp sand under a bell
glass. The conidia specially affect the pileus of the Nyctalis , often
so freely as to arrest the growth of the plant, and to cause it to
assume the appearance of an Onygena. The microconidia are pro-
duced by the tips of the hyphse, which break off in little cylindrical
bodies. Lower down upon the same hyphse the macroconidia are
produced often in great profusion. The lowest portions of the
hyphas are dilated and convoluted, and it is by an intertwining of
these convolute bases that the perithecia are produced, pi. 147 d.
As was the case with Hypomyces chrysospermus, too free a produc-
tion of macroconidia is unfavourable to the development of peri-
thecia. These are most frequently found upon or inside the stem
of the Nyctalis , but they are by no means of common occurrence.

Plate 147. a. Nyctalis bearing the parasite. Nat. size.

b. Macroconidia X 400.

c. Microconidia x 400.

d. Perithecium in formation x 100.

e. Perithecium x 10.

f. Perithecium x 400.

g. Asci and sporidia (after Tulasne) X 400.

h. Sporidia x 400.

ON THE HETERGECISM OF THE UREDINES.

In a recent number of “Grevillea ” a number of experiments
performed by the writer upon the alternation of generation of
Puccinia grammis with JEcidium berberidis were detailed. It will
be remembered that so frequently were the check plants affected
with Uredo that the obvious conclusion arrived at was that the
sEcidium had very little to do with its production. This year
another series of cultures was instituted, in which the promycelium
spores of Puccinia granimis were sown upon young barberry plants
with the unvarying result of producing the ALcidium , the check
plants remaining free from the fungus. Young wheat plants, which
were kept continuously covered by bell glasses from the time they
were first sown till the experiment was concluded, were also found,
when infected with ripe Azcidium berberidis spores, to become in-
fected with Uredo , while similar plants not so infected remained
healthy. But several other species of hetercecismal Uredines were

GREVILLEA

PL. 147.

Hypomyces asterophorus. ‘2' ul .

ON THE HETERCECISM OF THE UREDINES.

9

made subject of experiment ; some of the most strikingly suc-
cessful were made with Podisoma juniperi , which produced the
Rcestelia so abundantly as to cause the death of young hawthorns
operated upon. It is proposed that an epitome of all these experi-
ments be read at some of the Hereford meetings next October,
tv hen no doubt they will be fully criticised. Of course to those
botanists who have already accepted the hetercecism of the Uredines
these experiments will appear to be a work of supererogation, and
a mere waste of time, but it must be remembered that many of us
in this country have hitherto either declined altogether to accept
the theory until further evidence was forthcoming, or else believed
it in a half-hearted, provisional sort of way. It is hoped that this
year’s work has not been thrown away, but that those who were
doubtful upon the point may see their way to accept it. Personally
my own feelings, when this year’s experiments were begun, were
biased against it by the unsatisfactory result of the 1881 experi-
ments. But by investigating the life-history of more species,
especially such as are uncommon, where the liability to acci-
dental infection was practically nil, the accumulated evidence
became irresistible. It is worthy of notice that no less than
three Uredines which were hitherto not known to be British were
by those experiments brought to light, viz., PEcidium zonale , Duby,
on Inula dysenterica ; Puccinia magnusiana, Kornicke, on Phrag-
mitis communis, hitherto regarded as a variety of Puccinia graminis ;
and Puccinia poarum, Nielsen, a fungus I have for many years
known both in the Uredo and Puccinia form, but always regarded
as a form of Puccinia coronata.

It is needless to add that our acceptance of heteroecism will
entail a complete rearrangement of the Uredines , and it is hoped
that a paper on this subject may also be submitted to the members
of the Woolhope Club.

Had it not been for the kindness of my friend M. Cornu in
giving me directions and hints as to the manner of conducting
these experiments, we might have gone on in our old groove for
some time to come — a proof, if any were needed, of the utility of
our autumnal conferences.

Ol course these experiments — amounting, as they do, to more
than a hundred — have entailed some little work, and although
there is no pretence of originality about them, yet the satisfaction
of being able to see the germ-tube of a spore of Mcidium berberidis
insinuating itself into the stoma of a wheat leaf, which I first
watched at a very early hour one summer morning, was “ pretty
considerable.”

Charles B. Plowright.

10

NEW BRITISH FUNGI.

By M. C. Cooke.

{Continued from vol. x., p. 152.)

Agaricus (Tricholoma) exscissus, Fr. Icon. t. 44, /. 2. Coolie Illus.,

t. 171.

Pileus rather fleshy, campanulate, then expanded, at length um-
bonate, even ; stem solid, even , thin, equal, smooth, rather shining ;
gills emarginate, crowded, linear , white.

In pastures. Cromer (Rev. J. M. Du Port), May, 1882.
Agreeing better with the figure in Fries’ “ leones ” than with
his description. Pileus 2 inches, umbonate, umbo darker, opaque,
mouse- grey, stem whitish, turning brownish at the base, 2 inches
long, slightly striate. No perceptible odour.

Agaricus (Hypholoma) lacrymabundus, Fries Icon., t. 134, f. 1.

“ The species figured in the ‘ leones ’ occurred last October at
Coed Coch, and near Hereford. What has usually passed under
this name is A. velutinus P. We find the spores *0003-,0004 inch
long, and in A. pyrrhotrichus *0005-*0006 inch.” — Berk, Br. Ann.
Nat. Hist., No. 1950.

Agaricus (Hypholoma) cascus, Fr. Hym. Bur., 294.

“What we described in the ‘ Notices’ as an abnormal state of
A. appendiculatus is undoubtedly this species.” — Berk, Br. Ann.

Nat. Hist., No. 1950.*

Agaricus (Hypholoma) pilulaeformis, Bull. t. 112.

Penzance, Mr. Ralfs. “ This is possibly a veil-bearing state of
the very common A. spadiceus, though Fries says * velum etiam
primitus absolute nullum.’ We are inclined rather to considerit
the young of A. hydrophilus, Bull. t. 511 ; still we think it right
to record its occurrence in Cornwall. We do not suppose, with
Fries, that it has anything to do with Bolbitius .” — Berk. <$• Br.
Ann. Nat. Hist., No. 1951.

Agaricus (Psilocybe) hebes, Fr. Hym.. Eur., 303.

Pileus rather fleshy, convex, then expanded, obtuse, smooth,
hygrophanous ; margin slightly striate ; stem fistulose, smooth,
equal, growing pallid ; gills adnate , triangular , crowded, whitish
then fuscous. Pers. Myc. Eur. hi. t. 28, fig. 5.

Amongst leaves, &c., in beech woods.

“ Not exactly the form figured by Fries in his leones as the stem
is taller, but the colour of the hygrophanous pileus is the same
exactly, the spores atro-purpureous. Pileus at first obtuse, but in
drying it becomes spuriously and minutely umbonate. Spores
•0007 in. long.” — B. Br. Ann. Nat. Hist., No. 1952.

NEW BRITISH FUNGI.

11

Agaricus (Psathyra) corrugis, P. Syn., p. 424.

Shankiin. The short form figured by Corda, in Sturm, under
the name of A. vinosus. — B. Br. Ann. Nat. Hist., No. 1952.*

We also found the same form in the autumn of 1881 at Kew
gardens. — M. C. C.

Agaricus (Psathyra) gossypinus, Bull, t. 425, f. 2.

Found at Coed Coch, Oct., 1881.

Spores *0004 to *0005 in. long. — B. §• Br. Ann. Nat. Hist., No.
1953.

Agaricus (Psathyra) nolitangere, Fr. Hym. Eur., 309.

Pileus membranaceous, carnpanulate, then expanded, everywhere
striate , hygrophanous ; squamulose about the margin ; fragile,
nearly naked, becoming brownish, apex even; gills adnate, broad,
pallid fuscous. — B. Br. Ann. Nat. Hist., No. 1954.

Amongst twigs of oak.

Agaricus pennatus, Quelet. = Agaricus semivestitus, Berk.

Agaricus (Psathyra) microrhizus, Lasch.

Pileus membranaceous, carnpanulate, even, dry, sprinkled with
shining atoms, at first yellow-pilose ; stem thin, short, rooting ,
silky, whitish ; gills adnexed, crowded, narrow, pallid, becoming
blackish brown. — Fr. Hym. Fur. p. 309. B. fy Br, Ann. Nat.
Hist., No. 1955.

In grassy places.

“Gregarious, varying in size from a few lines to 1J inch, when
it approaches the finer forms of A. gossypinus .” — B. Br.

Agaricus (Psathyrella) trepidus, Fr. Syst , 1 , 238, Hym. Eur.,p. 314.

Pileus membranaceous, carnpanulate, obtuse, smooth, very
densely striate, hygrophanous ; disk even, stem almost straight,
smooth hyaline, pellucid ; gills adnate, ventricose, crowded , thin,
fuliginous, then black. — Pers.Myc. Fur. hi. t. 29, /. 1. B.
Br. Ann. Nat. Hist., No. 1956.

Hothorpe (Miss Berkeley).

Stem about 3 inches long. Pileus about an inch, or more.
Coprinus aratus, Berk. Outl., p. 176.

A group of this fine species, of large size, occurred at Hothorpe,
Dec. 5, 1881. As the character given before was drawn up from
a solitary specimen gathered in a very different situation, it re-
quires a little amendment. The disk is sometimes rugose, some-
times even ; the gills are at first attached, but so slightly that they
easily part from the stem, so as to appear free, but they are still
connected at the base, as if there were a slight collar. For
“lamellis liberis,” “ lamellis secedentibus ” should be substituted.
— B. § Br. Ann. Nat. Hist., No. 1956.*

Coprinus alternatus, Fr. Hym. Fur., p, 327.

Pileus rather fleshy, hemispherical, even, quite smooth, discoid,
pallid, chalky, disk pale umber ; stem hollow, attenuated from the
thickened base, smooth ; gills adnate, linear, cinereous, then black.
FI. Danica, t. 1961. — B. $ Br. Ann. Nat. Hist., No. 1957.

12

NEW BRITISH FUNGI.

East Dereham (Rev. J. M. Du Port). This is scarcely a
Coprinus, but rather a Psathyrella. — B. <$• Bi\ Stem 3 to 4 in.,
pileus lj inch.

Coprinus papillatus, Fr. Hym. Eur., 326.

Pileus membranaceous, ovate, then campanulate, striate, mealy
grey, then torn, disc papillate with minute points, livid, fuliginous ;
stem fistulose, smooth except at the base, hyaline pellucid ; gills
free, approximate, black. — B. Br. Ann. Nat. Hist., No. 1958.

Batsch, Jig. 78.

In a fern-case. Shrewsbury.

Cortinarius (Dermocybe) cotoneus, Fr. Hym. Eur., 372.

Olive. Pileus fleshy, campanulate, then expanded, bullate,
somewhat repand, innate — velvety ; stem solid, girt with the fuscous
veil , base thickened ; gills rather crowded, olive, then cinnamon
brown. — B. Br. Ann. Nat. Hist., No. 1959.

In oak woods. Clifton ( C . Bucknall).

Pileus 3 in., stem 3 in.

Paxillus Fagi, B. &Br.Ann. Nat. Hist., No. 1961.

Beautifully gregarious, crisped, above pallid, beneath orange,
gills crispate, orange. — B. $ Br.

On beech stump. Coed Cock.

“ Forming a wide crisped mass of great beauty, very different
in appearance from P. panuoides , which is confined to fir wood, or
saw-dust.” — B. fy Br.

Hygxophoxus fusco-albus, Fr. Hym. Eur., 410.

Pileus fleshy, convex, then plane, even, smooth, viscid, fuscous,
then cinereous, stem solid, equal, when dry white foccose at the apex,
gills decurrent, broad, rather thick, snow-white. — B. & Br. Ann.
Nat., Hist. No. 1962. Jungh, in Linn, v. t. 6,/. 1.

In woods amongst moss.

Stem 2 to 3 inches long, 4 to 6 lines thick. Pileus about two
inches. Remarkable for its distinct floccose veil. — B. Br.

Hygxophorus Wynnei, B. Sf Br.

“ A good figure of this beautiful species is given in * Fungi
Tridentini,’ by Bresadola, under the name of Clitocybe xantho-
phylla .” — B. Br. Ann. Nat. Hist., No. 1962.*

By an error Marasmius Wynnei, B. & Br., is named in the
“ Notices ” instead of the above species. It may also be added that
M. Bresadola does not consider his species to be the same as the
above Hygrophorus , and hence he takes exception to the above
note.

Polypoxus (Pleuxopus) Michelii, Fr. Hym. Eur.,p. 533.

Pileus between fleshy and tough, depressed, repand, rather silky,
somewhat squamulose, white, then yellowish ; stem lateral, short,
bulbous, rough, white, brownish at the base ; pores large,
rounded, oblong, entire , white. — Micheli t. 61, f. 2. B. $■ Br.
Ann. Nat. Hist., No. 1963.

On willow trunks. Penzance.

NEW BRITISH FUNGI.

13

Polyporus (Merisma) acanthoides, Fr. Hym. Eur., 540.

Imbricated, multiplex, tough then leathery ; Pileoli infundibuli-
form, incised and dimidiate, somewhat zoned, longitudinally rugose,
becoming ferruginous , stems connate, branched, pores sinuous , thin ,
edge toothed, white , then rufescent. — Pers. Ic. Piet ., t. 6. B. Br.
Ann. Nat. Hist., No. 1964.

On trunks or the ground. Penzance.

Polyporus (Placodermei) pectinatus, Klotsch. in Linn. VIII. p. 485.

Fr. Hym. Enr., 559.

Pileus between corky and woody, hard, triquetrous, concen-
trically plicate above, scaly , tomentose, ferruginous brown, pores
small, short, obtuse, gilvous, naked. — B. Br. Ann. Nat. Hist.,

No. 1965.

On trunks. Penzance.

“We follow Fries, though with some hesitation, in considering
the European forms figured by Quelet identical with the Indian
species. It cannot, however, be referred to either P. salicinus
or P. conchatus .” — B. Br.

Polyporus (Resupinatus) mucidus, Fr. Hym. Bur., 577.

Effused, rather thick, somewhat immersed, soft, white, growing
pallid, circumference indeterminate, byssoid, pores of medium size,
unequal and torn. — B. Br. Ann. Nat. Hist., No. 1967.

On old decayed wood of firs. Penzance.

Daedalea cinerea, Fr. Sys. i. 336. Hym. Bur., p. 588.

Pileus between corky and woody, thick, rather undulate,
zoned , tomentose , cinereous ; pores minute, obtuse, quite entire ,
some rounded, others very long and labyrinthiform, flexuous, in-
tricate, white, or cinereous.

On beech. Penzance.

“ The thick substance separates this from every form of D. uni-
color ; also the inciso-strigose surface of the pileus.” — B. Br.

Hydnum aureum, Fr. Hym. Eur., 613.

Subiculum determinate, rather cartilaginous, contiguous, smooth,
golden yellow, circumference dentate and radiating ; spines subu-
late, equal, of the same colour. — B. Br. Ann. Nat. Hist., No.

1970.

Penzance.

“ A fine species, with a meruloid aspect.”

Hydnum denticulatum, Pers. Myc. Eur. n. 1 81.

Longitudinally effused, rather feshy, ochraceous-yellow, shining,
subiculum thin, smooth, rather farinaceous, spines crowded, equal,
margin denticulate. — B. $ Br. Ann. Nat. Hist., No. 1971.

On wood. Penzance.

Irpex carneus, Fr. Hym. Eur., 622.

Effused, between cartilaginous and gelatinous, membranaceous,
adnate, growing reddish, teeth obtuse or subulate, entire, united at
the base. — B. fy Br. Ann. Nat. Hist., No. 1972.

On bark. Penzance.

“ When perfect it is a true IrpexP

14

NEW BRITISH FUNGI.

Fhlebia lirellosa, Pers. Myc. Eur. in. p. 2, t. 18, /. 2, 3.

Resupinate, umber-grey, margin free, sinuosities very minute,
linear, intermixed with pores. — B. fy Br. Ann. Nat. Hist ., No.
1973.

Penzance.

Stereum vorticosum, Fr. Hym. Eur., 639.

“Noble specimens of this very beautiful species, remarkable for
its costate hymenium, were sent from Penzance by Mr. Ralfs.” —
B. Br. Ann. Nat. Hist., No. 1973.*

Corticium umbiinum, A. & S. Consp., 281.

Effused, soft, fleshy, umber, villose beneath, circumference ra-
diating, short, of the same colour ; hymenium tuberculose, then
collapsing, pulverulent ferruginous. — Fr. Hym. Eur., 858. B. §•
Br. Ann. Nat. Hist., No. 1974.

On rotting spruce, &c. Penzance, &c.

Corticium maculaeforme, Fr. Hym. Eur., 656.

Orbicular, then confluent, indurated, thin, somewhat roseate,
circumference similar, smooth; hymenium spuriously papillose,
bluish grey pruinose. — FI. Ban., t. 1738,/. 2. B. ^ Br. Ann. Nat.
Hist., No. 1975.

On bark. Penzance.

Clavaria pyxidata, Pers. Comm., t. 1 ,/. 1.

Pallid, then clay colour, or reddish ; trunk thin, smooth,
branched ; branches and branchlets all excavated in a cup-like
manner at the apex ; margin of the cups proliferous. — Fr. Hym.
Eur., 669. B. Br. Ann. Nat. Hist , No. 1976.

On.wood. Penzance.

Calocera corticalis, Fr. Hym. Eur., 681. Batsch,fig. 162.

Csespitose, erumpent, soft, pellucid, pale flesh colour ; clubs
subulate, distinct. — B. § Br. Ann. Nat. Hist., No. 1977.

On bark. Penzance.

Fenicillium macrosporum, B. fy Br. Ann. Nat. Hist., N0. 1978.
Orange ; spores globose, large.

On decaying Lactarius (J. D. C. Sowerby).

Drawing in the British Museum Collection.

Rhinotrichum ramosissimum, B. Sf Curt.

Pale tan-coloured, flocci very much branched, articulate, the
ultimate joints elongated and covered with spicules ; spores obo-
vate, apiculate below. — North Amer. Fungi, No. 662.

On rotten wood. Moffat, N.B. Dr. Bayley Balfour.

This peculiar variety had the flocci in tufts so as to simulate
exactly Trichia chrysosperma, with the peridia ruptured.

Cercospora Bloxamii, B. # Br. Ann. Nat. Hist., No. 1979.

Spots orbicular, pallid ; spores elongated, fusiform, acuminate at
each end, multiseptate.

On decaying leaves of turnips.

Formerly distributed as Septo? ia Bloxami.

NEW BRITISH FUNGI.

15

Ovularia elliptica, B. 8f Br. Gard Chron., 1881, p. 310. Ann. Nat,
Hist., No. 1980. Grevillea, vol. x. p. 51.

On various lilies.

Ovularia Syringae, B. 8f Br. Gard. Chron., 1881, ii. p. 665. Ann. Nat.
Hist., No. 1981.

Flocci for the most part decumbent, acrospores at first nearly
globose, with a distinct terminal papilla, then elliptic, at length
ovate, large. (’OOS-'OOS in. long.)

On leaves of Syringa. Aberdeenshire (A. S. Wilson ).
Ramularia pruinosa, Speg. Dec., 106.

Spots ochraceous, at first small, round, soon occupying the
entire leaf ; tufts densely gregarious, covering the surface of the
spots with a frosty whiteness. Threads hyaline, continuous
(•04-*06 X '003 mm.) apex 1-3 toothed; conidia cylindrical,
rounded at the ends (,02-,03 x *003-'004 mm.) continuous, or
uniseptate, hyaline. Sacc. in Michelia n. p. 170

On living leaves of Senecio Jacobcea , Forres. (Rev. Jas. Keith.)
IVXystrosporium alliorum, Berk. Gard. Chron., 1878, p. 192. Ann. Nat.

Hist. No. 1982,

Pedicels flexuose, articulated ; spores terminal, or sometimes
lateral, oblong, contracted at the middle, here and there pyriform,
multi-articulate, dissepiments horizontal, and oblique.

On onions. Culver, Exeter.

Triphragmium filipendulee, Pass. Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital., vir. 25 5.

Stylospores , sori scattered, globose, covered by the epidermis,
yellow, then girt by the ruptured epidermis, orange ; spores
globose or ovate, orange, stipitate.

Teleuto spores, sori as above, brown, shining, then black, pulveru-
lent ; spores subglobose, at first orange then brown, even ; stem
hyaline, rather long.

On Spircea filipendula. Mount Caburn, near Lewes, September
14, 1862 {Herb. Currey).

Fuccinia Oxyiise, Buck. White MSS.

No description given.

On leaves of Oxyria reniformis. Skye.

Spores including the short hyaline stem *0024 in. long ; the
divisions of the head subglobose, even.

Glseosporium Iiindexnuthianum, Sacc. Fungi Ital., 1032.

Spots roundish, brownish, at first with a rufous border, pustules
dirty white in the middle of the spots, inflated, then erumpent ;
sporophores fasciculate, cylindrical, simple, conidia, terminal,
oblong, straight or curved, ends rounded ('016-*019 X *0045-
•0055 mm.), granular within, hyaline. — B. Br. Ann. Nat. Hist.,

No. 1984.

On pods of Phaseolus. Sibbertoft.

Leotia chloxocephala, Schwein.

Pileus globose, quite smooth, rather pellucid, or verdigris-
green. Stem elongated, twisted, powdery. Asci clavate-cylindri-
cal. Sporidia cylindrical, obtuse, curved, nucleate (‘02-'022 x

16

NEW BRITISH FUNGI.

•005 mm.) ; paraphyses filiform. — Cooke Myco ., jig. 174. B. $
Br. Ann. Nat. Hist., No. 1985.

On the ground. Hampshire.

“ The tint of the green is so dark that it is nearly black, so
that house painters might call it ‘ invisible green.’ L. atrovirens ,
P., occurred at Coed Coch in September, 1881 ; but it is clearly
merely a state of Geoglossum viride, which accompanied it. The
specimens agreed in every respect with the figure in Myc. Eur., t.
9, f. 1 to 3.”— B. $ Br.

Stigmatea Nicholsoni, Che.

On both surfaces. Perithecia in circles, black, erumpent, shining,
convex, at length collapsed, smooth ; asci clavate ; sporidia ellipti-
cal, rounded at the ends, uniseptate, constricted, pale brown
(*018 X *008 mm.)

On leaves of Portugal Laurel. Newcastle, Co. Tipperary
(Mr. Geo. Nicholson.)

Accompanied by pear-shaped stylospores, (about -016 X '01
mm.), pale brown with two septa, the middle cell again divided
longitudinally, or with 4-5 cells formed by irregular division, ap-
parently the stylospores are produced in separate perithecia.
Sphaeria leprosa, Pers. in Fr. Sys. Myc. II. 365.

Immersed, perithecia few, nestling in the bark; necks straight,
united in a white stroma ; disk minute, erumpent ; ostiola small.
— B. fy Br. Ann. Nat. Hist., No. 1986.

On lime bark. Penzance.

“ Spores *0008 inch narrow.” — B. 4" Br.

Sphaeria aggregata, Lasch. in Kl. Herb. Myc. n.541. FcM. Rhen., 977.

According to Fuckel this is a Cenangium of which he had seen
no asci, only stylospores. See Symb. p. 271. — B. ^ Br. Ann.
JVat. Hist., No. 1987.

On Euphrasia officinalis. Penzance.

Didymium effusum. Link.

Sporangia sessile, or without regular form, snow-white, or now
and then yellowish white ; capillitium of very fine fibres with
branches combined into a thickly set net, colourless, provided with
numerous small thickenings. Spores dull violet, almost smooth
(•01--011 mm. diam., rarely only *008 mm.). — B. Br. Ann. Nat.

Hist., No. 1988. Smith in Gard. Chron., July 15, 1882, with jigs.
11 to 13.

On fronds of Hart’s tongue fern, Tregony, Cornwall.

COMING FUNGUS FORAYS.

Epping Fungus Foray. — The Essex Field Club has fixed
Saturday, the 23rd September, for the Foray. The meeting place
to be the Lough ton Station, the first train from London after two
o’clock p.m. When the party has assembled, to proceed towards
Highbeech.

COMING FUNGUS FORAYS.

17

Woolhope Fungus Foray. — To assemble at Hereford on and
after Monday, October 2nd. The Club Foray to take place on
Thursday, October 5th.

Cryptogamic Society of Scotland. — The Eighth Annual
Conference will be held at Kenmore, Perthshire, on September 4th
and following days, under the presidency of Professor J. W. H.
Trail, M.A., M.D., F.L.S. Fellows who purpose being present
are requested to communicate as soon as possible with F. Buchanan
White, Hon. Sec., Perth. — At a meeting of Council held in Aber-
deen on July 26th, it was unanimously agreed that, in consequence
of the lamented death of the President, Dr. Dickie, F.R.S ., one of
the founders of the Society, the meeting and public show arranged
to take place in Aberdeen should be postponed till another year, and
that instead a meeting should be held in some central place where
there would be an opportunity of studying the Cryptogamic Botany
of the higher hills. — Kenmore may be reached from Aberfeldy, on
the Highland Railway, or from Killin Station, on the Callander
and Oban Railway. It is situated at the east end of Loch Tay (on
which a steamer has now been placed). The immediate neighbour-
hood has been favourably reported on as presenting a presumably
rich fungus-flora, while Ben Lawers and other mountains are distant
only a few miles, as is the celebrated Fortingal yew, supposed to be
the oldest living tree in Europe.

MICRO-FUNGI.*

We are always glad to see well-directed efforts for the spread of
scientific knowledge, and one of its means is the publication of cheap
manuals, but the great essential of these is strict accuracy, or the
injury they cause is proportioned to the extent of their distribution.
We were quite disposed to welcome a little book on “ Micro-
fungi,” at one shilling, in which, under each month, an “ Old Col-
lector ” relates the species most likely to be found and where to
find them. The idea is a very good one, and, with a little more
care, might have been successfully carried out. It was hardly to
have been expected that the erudite author, starting with a Latin
quotation at page 12, would have permitted seventy-seven Latin
names to have passed him, in the course of ninety pages, un-
corrected and inaccurate. The beginner at a study has a right to
expect that what he is learning will not have to be unlearnt
again, and that the Latinity to which he is so freely introduced,
will pass muster. Hence we regret to observe so obvious a mis-
take as sending out the printer’s proofs with the orthographical
errors unrevised. This might be tolerated in a local newspaper,
but hardly in a scientific “ Handbook.”

* “ Micro-fungi, When and Where to Find Them.” By Thomas Brittain,
Manchester.

2

18

FUNGI M ACO WANI ANI.

By Rev. C. Kalchbrenner.

C Concluded from Vol. X., p. 147.)
HYPODERMEI, De Bary.

Ustilago Dregeana, Tui. Conf. Kornicke Myc. Beitr., p. 26. Montg.
Ann. d. Sc. Nat. vir., 1847, p. 176. Thumen in Flora, No. 115.

Sub nom. Ustilago Carbo.

Somerset East, leg. MacOwan, No. 1363. Planta nutrix est
Cynodon dactylon L., cujus inflorescentiam, adhuc in vagina
latentem, prorsus deformatam, pulvere atro obducit. Sporze
minutae ,012-,015 mm. diam., leviter tuberculatae.

Ustilago sacchari, Rabenti. Sitzuugsber. d. Ges. Isis, 1870, iv.

Sporis globosis, laevibus, '015-'018 mm. diam., atrofuscis.

Port Natal, leg. J. M. Wood.

In caulibus et paniculis Sacchari officinalis, praesertim in var.
ejus “chinensi.”

Cei. Rabenhorst speciei suae, in Eriantho Ravennae nascenti,
sporas tribuis, flavo-fuscas, exasperatas '007-*010 mm. diam.

Ustilago Danthoniae, K.

Sporis globosis '036 mm. diam., granulosis, atro-fuscis.

In spicis Danthoniae papposce , Nees. In summo monte Chumi-
berg, prope stationem Missionis evangelicae “ Lovedale ” dictam
leg. Rev. T. Buchanan. Haud procul distat Ust. Salveii , Cooke
Brit. Fung. n. p. 514 : Sed haec soris linearibus folia modo occu-
pat, non vero spicas.

Ustilago Carbo, De C.

In Avenae leg. ad Somerset East, MacOwan, No. 1237.
Uromyces Aviculariae (P.) Schrbb. Die Brand, und Rostpiltze Schles.,

p. 8.

II. Fung. stvlosporus= Uredo aviculariae, Alb. et Sch.

In fol. vivis Polygoni avicularis , L., ad Somerset East, No.
1353.

I. et III. desunt.*

Uromyces Rumicum (D.C.) Lev. Ann. d. Sc. Nat. Bot., 1847.

I. ALcidium Rumicis , Gmel. = jEcid. rubellatum , Cooke Brit.
Fung.

II. Uredo Rumicum , D.C. Tkum. l.c. 85.

III. Non observatum.

In fol. viv. Rumicis obtusifolii, L. et R. Ecloni Meissn. Somer-
set East, No. 1308.

Uromyces microsorus, K. Sf C.

I. (Ignoti).

II. Hypophyllus. Soris minimis, pallidis. Stylosporis globosis
brunneis *022-*025 mm. Episporio asperulo.

* No. I. = Fung, hymeniiferus. II. = stilosporiferus. III. = telen-
tosporiferus, designatur.

FUNGI M ACO WAN I AN I.

19

III. Soris compactis minimis (in consortio) ochraceis. Teleu-
tosporis amygdaliformibus, pallido-fuscis *03 X ,018-,02 mm. ;
episporio supra incrassatis.

In foliis ignotis (potius Drupacece).

Closely allied to Uromyces Amygdali , Pass.

Uromyces Valerianae, Fuckel. Symb. Myc., p. 63.

I. sEcidium Valerianacearum , Duby.

II. = Uredo Valerianos , D.C. Thum. l.c. 112.

III. Non obs.

In Valeriana capensi, Tbunb. Som. East in mont. Boschb., No.
1057.

Uromyces Phaseolorum, D.C.

I. AELcidium Leguminosarum, Link., pr. p.

II. Uredo Dolichi , B. et. Br. Fung, of Ceyl., 829 = Caeoma
rufum , Bon. ?

Et III.

Som. E. in Dolicho gibboso , Thunb. Port Natal, No. 40.

Uromyces Urgines, Kalch.

I. Sporangiis hypophyllis, paucis, in macula flava congestis,
cylindrico-elongatis, apice truncatis, pallide flavis.

II. Soris subamphigenis, sparsis, parvis, aurantiis, plerumque
maculae discolori, purpureo- cinctae, insidentibus; sporidiis globosis
= Uredo Lepisclinis, Thum. in Flor., No. 81.

III. In iisdem soris sporidia breviter ovata *06-,07 mm. longa,
breviter pedicellata, fusca.

Som. East in Helychryso petiolato, D.C., raro.

Uromyces Thwaitesii, B. et Br.

In fol. viv. Sidce rhombifolice. Port Natal, No. 406.

Uromyces Ipomeae, Berkl.

I. = sEcidium Ipomaece, Thum. in Flor., 1878, No. 23 (107).

II. et III. == Uredo aterrima , Thum. l.c. 114.

In fol. viv. et fructibus immaturis Ipomaeae argyrioides Chois.
Som. E., No 1225, 1226.

Sporae aberrantes, sed certissime Uromyces. Affinis Urom.
sphceropleo , Cke. Species pulcherrima !

Uromyces Geranii, Otth. et Warbm.

I. sEcidium Geranii , Otth. et Wartm = sEc. Pelargonii ,
Thum. 1 c. 89 ?

II. Uredo Geranii , D.C. Thum. l.c. 113?

III. Non obs.

In fol. vivis Geraniorum. Som. E., No. 1114 et 1154.

Conf. Thum. l.c. 47, 59.

Uromyces Prunorum v. Amygdali, Grevill . vir., p. 12.

II. Sporidia ovata, apiculata. In Pucc. Cerasi , Cda. Uredo-
sporae globosae, echinulatae.

In fol. viv. Persicce vulgaris, Mill. Som. E., No. 1104. Ad
Bazuja Caffrarice , leg. Rev. Baur, No. 656.

20

FUNGI MACOWANIANI.

Uromyces Fabae ( P .) Schrot. in Hedwigia, 1875. Thum. l.c. n. 30.

II. et III. In. fol. vivis Fabarum hortensium ad Som. E. leg.
M.Ow. et Tuck., No. 1056.

Uromyces Junci, Schw.

II. In Junco punctorio , Thunb. ad Klyn Visch. Rivier., No.
1315.

III. Non obs.

Uromyces proeminens, Lev.

I. FEcidium Euphorbia, P. ?

II. et III. Non observati.

Ad fol. viva Euphorb. incequilaterce , Sond., in campis hortisque.
Som. E., No. 1247.

Uromyces albucae, K. et C.

II. = Uredo sempertecta , Thum. l.c., No. 60. Soris amphi-
genis, sparsis, elevatis, epidermide tectis, demum rima longitudinali
apertis ; sporis subglobosis, *022 X *18 mm., episporio incon-
spicue punctulato, tenui, dilute flavis.

In fol. viv. Albucce aurece, Jacq., et A. minore, Jacq. Boschberg,
No. 1252.

III. Uromyces alliorum , Welwitsch. Fung, angolensis. In
Albuca junci folia 7

Ab TJrom. alliorum , Berk, in Welwitsch. Crypt. Lusit. No. 22,
diversus.

Uromyces Bulbines, Thum. l.c., No. 79.

II. et III. In fol. viv. Bulbines latifolice, Schult. Somerset E ,
No. 1019.

Cum Uredine ambigua , D.C., soris oblongis aut linearibus
gandente, hand jungendus ; sed ab. Urom. concentrico. Lev., vix
distinctus.

Uromyces Betae, Tui.

II. In fol. viv. Betce vulgaris hortorum.

Som. E., No. 1034.

Uromyces Cluytiae, Kalch. et Cke.

II. Soris hypophyllis, majusculis, sparsis, pulvinatis, epider-
mide vix colorata, demum rimose dehiscente tectis ; sporis sub-
globosis *02 mm. diam., pallide flavo-fuscescentibus.

P. Natal in Cluytice spec., by Wood, No. 52.

III. Soris hypophyllis, solitariis, minutis subpunctiformibus,
umbrinis ; sporis ovato oblongis, *04-’045 X '02, episporio granu-
lato tuberculato, pulchre ferrugineo, stipite crasso, aequali.

In Cluytia pulchella, ad. Som. E., by M.Owan, No. 1325. Port
Natal, by J. M. Wood, No. 51.

Uromyces papillatus, Kalch. et Cke.

II. Uredo Heteromorphce , MacOwan in litt. Soris hypophyllis,
irregulariter sparsis, minutis, fulvis, maculae plerumque angustae,
flavae insidentibus ; sporis heteromorphis, pallidis, ‘02 X '01 vel
*03 x *012 mm., episporio crasso, echinulato.

III. Uromyces heteromorphce, Tliumen (?) l.c. 80. Sporidiis
ovatis, *03 x ‘018 mm., pedicellatis, fulvis echinulatis, apice pa-

FUNGI M ACO W ANI AN I.

21

pilla hyalina instructis, et nonnunquam fere rostratis. Haud
multum distat ab Urom. apiculata.

In fol. viv. Heteromorphce arbor escentis, Cham, et Schld. in mont.
Boschberg, No. 1144 et 1021. In posteriore planta, quam Thu-
men pro oculis habuit. Spora immaturae videntur ; et hac de
causa, diagnosis ejus a nostra differt.

Uromyces exiospexmi, K. et Cke.

Soris hypophyllis, inter-venas folii parallelas sparsis, bullatis.

II. Sporas subglobosas, *015 mm. diam., echinulatae, flavae.

III. Sporse subpyriformes, *03 x *015-*02, longe pedicellatae.

In JEriospeiTtii sp. Som. E., No. 1402.

C. MICRO-UROMYCES, Schrot.

Uxomyces lugubxis, Kalch.

Soris indefinite confluentibus, liberis, planis, hypophyllis, nigri-
cantibus.

III. Sporidia ovata, vix diaphana, *024 x '18 mm., pedicello
longo hyalino suffulea, atra.

In planta non-determinata. P. Natal, No. 15.

E. soris illimitate confluentibus folii pagine inferior fere tota
quasi fuligine conspurcata apparet.

(Non vidi Cooke.)

Uxomyces Oxalidis, Lev.

I. sEcidium oxalidis , Thum. l.c., No. 40.

In Oxalide purpurata, Jacq. Som. E., No. 1042.

III. In fol. vivis Oxalid. corniculatae , S.

Som. E., No. 1295.

Species dubia, sporis haud evolutis.

In soris adest Darluca filum, Castg.

Uxomyces Folemanniae, Kalch et Cke.

III. Soris epiphyllis, sparsis, apertis, planiusculis, umbrinis ;
sporidiis ovalibus '025 X -015 mm. apiculatis, pedicello longo in-
structis, fuscis, episporio minute granulato vel reticulato.

In fol. viv. Polemannice grossularicefolice.

E. et F., Somers. E., No. 1030.

Uxomyces Txollipi, K. et M.Orv.

Soris hypophyllis, sparsis, punctiformibus ; sporis subglobosis,
brunneis, haud stipitatis ,022-,025 X '02 mm., episporio hyalino,
crasso.

In fol. Hypnphylli foetidi, Schrad. ad mont. Kagaberg pr. oppid.
Bedford, leg. Stud. Trollip, No. 1404.

Puccinia lycii, K.

II. et III. Soris amphigenis, sparsis vel in maculas congregatis,
apertis, planiusculis. Stilosporis sphseroideis, *016 X ’018 mm.
flavidis ; teleutosporis ellipticis, utrinque rotundatis, ’03 X '024
mm., opacis, fuscis, epidermide granulata, pedicello asquilongo aut
longiore.

Som. E., leg. MacOw., No. 1410. In Lycio tubuloso.

FUNGI M ACO WAN I ANI.

Puccinia granularis, K. et 0.

II. & III. Stilosporis subglobosis, •025-,028 X *02 mm. granu-
latis, fuscidulis (= Uredo Pelar gonii, Thum.). Teleutosporis im-
mixtis ellipticis, utrinque attenuatis, supra subpapillatis, lacte,
brunneis, medio leviter constrictis, laevibus, *04 x *02 mm., pedi-
cello brevioribus.

In fol. Pelargonii. P. Natal, 10.

Puccinia menthae, P.

I. iEcidium menthae, D.C.

II. Uredo Menthae, P. (Som. East, No. 1158), cum III.

In fol. vivis Menthae silvestris, L. Som. E., No. 1150. P.
Natab No. 112.

Forma, Leonotidis , No. 1330.

Puccinia caricina, D.C.

I. = Mcidium urticae, Schum. et III. non observ.

II. Stilosporae in fol. et bracteis Cyperi marisci , Nees., et Ci/p.
tenuijlori , Nees, Som. E., No. 1018. In Carice pendula, No. 1353.
Puccinia striaeformis, Westd.

I. =ZEcia. asperifolii , P., et III.

Puccinia straminis, Fuckel, non obs.

II. = Uredo Rubigovera, D.C. Forma, Digitarice sanguinale.
Thum. in Flor., 1875, No. 24. In Digit, sanguinali.

Som. E., 1113. In Avena sativa.

Som. E., No. 1237, in gram, ignoto. P. Natal, No. 113.
Puccinia coronata, Cda.

I. = ALcidium Rhamni. II. et III. non observ.

In fol. viv. Rhamni prinoides, L’Herit.

Som. E. Boschberg, No. 1279.

Puccinia phragmitis (Schum.) Korn.

II. et III. Ad fol. viv. Phragmitis communis, L., Som. E., in
ripis Klyn Visch. Rivier, No. 1316.

Inter stilosporas subglobosa observavi et alias majores, dacryoi-
deas, *03 X ’015 mm., episporio laevi. An ad Pucc. Magnusianam,
referendae ?

Puccinia maydis, Poetsch.

In fol. Zeae. Som. E., No. 1410.

Absque maculis, a P . purpurea, Cke., distincta.

Puccinia purpurea, Cke. in Grevillea.

II. = Trichobasis purpurea , Cke. II. Pucc. purpurea , Cke.
Sporis *04-*045 x *022 mm., in maculis purpureis.

In fol. viv. Zeae. Som. E., No. 1257. P. Natal, No. 229.

Ab Uredine Maydis. Desm. multum distat.

Puccinia sethiopica, K. et Cke.

I. Non observ.

; JfL Sqmsihypophyllis, gregariis, apertis, planiusculis, rufo fuscis.
BtVl<yPtM fcphaeroideis, rarius subellipsoideis, *018 X *020 mm.,
echinulatis, flavis.

III. Soris hypophyllis dense disseminatis, apertis, planis, atro-

FUNGI MAC0WAN1ANI.

23

'024--026 mm. ad septum vix 'constrictis, articulis aequalibus
utrinque obtusissimis, fuscis, vix diaphanis ; pedicello hyalino,
flexuoso, sporas longitudine superante.

In Stachyde grandifolia et St. cethiopica , E. Mey ad Somerset E.,
No. 1252. P. Natal, No. 47. In Leonotide ovata L., ad mont.
Boschberg, No. 1330.

A Pucc. Stachydis, D.C., differt, soris atro-brunneis, nec fersu-
gineis, sporisque robustioribus obscurioribus, pedicello multo lon-
giore instructis.

Puccinia gladioli, Castg.

II. In Gladiolo Echioni, Lehm., ad Bazuja, Caffraria, leg. Rev.
Baur.

III. Non obs. Thum. l.c., No. 5.

Fuccinia Salviae, Ung.

II. Uredo labiatarum , D.C., pr. pr.

III. Soris epiphyllis, minimis, sparsis ; sporidiis apioe obtusis,
basi cuneatis, medio parum constrictis, breviter pedicellatis.

In Salvice sp., ad Port Natal, leg. Wood, No. 27.

Fuccinia Plectranthi, Thum. Flora, 1875, 24, No. 1.

II. et III. In fol. vivus, Plectranthi taxiflora , Berk. Som. E.,
1106 et 1136. P. Natal, No. 1 et 5.

Fuccinia I>ychnidearum, Fuckel.

II. Uredo Silenes, Schleditd.

III. Non obs.

In Silene capensi , Ott. Boschberg, No. 1143.

In Dianthi barbato. Som. E., No. 1332.

Thum. l.c., 82.

Fuccinia Pachycarpi, K. et C.

II. Soris amphigenis, sparsis, solitariis vel confluentibus,
primum epidermide tectis, pulvinatis, rufo-fuscis. Sporis ovato-
globosis •018-,02 mm. ; episporio crasso, ruguloso.

III. Teleutosporae in iisdem soris oblongo-clavatas, medio con-
strictse, articulo inferiore in stipitem longissimum angustato, sine
stipite *06 mm.

In fol. vivis Pachycarpi qrandiflori , D.C. Som. E., No. 1327.
P. Natal, No. 36.

Fuccinia Cephalandrae, Thum. Flora, 1876, No. 27 (111).

II. = Uredo dolichospora, K. olim. Sporidia ovato-oblonga
*02 X *045 mm., glabra.

In iisdem cum III. soris.

In fol. viv. Cephalandrae quinquelobce , Schrad., leg. MacOwan.,
No. 1146.

Fuccinia exhauriens, Thum. Flora, 1876. No. 27.

II. et III. In fol. viv., Jasmini tortuosi , ieg. MacOw., No. 1139.
Fuccinia Stoheae, MacOw.

I., II., & III. AZcidium Stobece , K. & C.

Sori hypophylli, subtomento araneoso folii latentes, demum etiam
amphigeni sparsi, vel in accroos irregulares confluentes, atrofusci.

24

FUNGI MACOWANIANI.

In II. stilosporae globosae *015-'018 mm., echinulatae.

In III. teleutosporae ellipsoideae, medio leviter constrictae, fuscae,
pedicello sporae acquilongo.

In Stobea membrani folia, D.C., et Stob. speciosa , D.C. Som. E.,
No. 1309. P. Natal, No. 62, 63, 67, 74.

Pace. Ilieracii affinis (Cooke).

Fuccinia carbonacea, K. et C.

II. Soris hypophyllis in acervulos rudes confluentibus, nigrican-
tibus ; stilosporis subglobosis '018 mm. flavo-fuscis.

III. Teleutosporis in iisdem soris breviter ovatis *024 x *02
mm., medio constrictis, breviter pedicellatis fuscis. Dissepimen-
tum in plerisque ita obsoletum, ut Uromycetem mentiantur.

In Abutili sp. leg. MacOw., 1275. P. Natal, No. 23 et 111.
In Sida rhombifolia, 406.

Fuccinia exanthematica, MacOw.

III. Soris hypophyllis, distinctis, maculae latae, disciformi,
carneo-purpurei coloris insidentibus, circinantibus, primum auran-
tiis demum ochraceis ; sporis cylindricis *024 x ’016 mm., pedi-
cello aequilongo, flavidis, exosporio crassiusculo laevi.

In Crassulce sp. Som. E., No. 1242 et 1347.

Pulchram iconem misis Domina Holland ex Port Elizabeth.
Fuccinia aecidiiformis, Thura . Flora, 1875, No. 24.

In fol. viv. Nidorellce mespilifolice, D.C. Boschberg, No.
1105.

Fuccinia HXalvaccerum, Montg.

In fol. Althece rosea hortorum et M. parvijlorce , L. Som. E.,
No. 1117, 1135.

Thum. ho., No. 6, 110.

Fuccinia Momordicse, K. et C.

III. Soris hypophyllis, sparsis, minutis, apertis, brunneis, folio
absque macula insidentibus. Teleutosporis ovatis, obtusis, medio
haud constrictis *03 X *018 mm., breviter pedicellatis ; laevibus.

In fol. viv. Momordicce cordifolice, Sond. P. Natal, No. 141.
Fuccinia Rhynchosiae, K. et C.

II. Uredo ( Trichobasis ) Rhynchosice, K. Soris hypophyllis,
segetis regularis instar folii paginam inferiorem occupantibus, punc-
tiformibus, rufis ; stilosporis globosis *02 x '022 mm,, fuscidulis.

III. Non obs.

In Rhynchosice sp. P. Natal, No. 29.

Uredo Commelyneae, K.

Soris hypophyllis, in acervulos oblongos congestis, ochraceo-
fuscis ; stilosporis variis subglobosis, ovatis pyriformibusv, '021
mm. long, *015 mm. crass., pellucidis, glabris, flavidis.

In Commelynw sp. P. Natal, No. 231.

Uredo Hloreae, K.

Soris epiphyllis, ellipsoideis, rima longitudinali dehiscentibus,
epidermide pallide flava cinctis ; stilosporis globosis *018-'02
mm., flavo fuscidulis.

In fol. viv. Morce grandi flor ce, Thunb.Som. E., No. 1065, 1240.

FUNGI MACOWANIANJ.

25

Uredo mixta, Kunz. Thum. l.o., No. 10.

In Salice capensi , Thumb. Som. E., No. 1029.

Uredo Polygalae, K.

Soris hypophyllis sparsis confluentibusve subprominutis, primam
epidermide tectis, ochraceis, maculas flavae innatis. Stilosporis
ovato-rotundis •Olb-’OIS mm., episporio crasso, laevi, flavidis.

In fol. viv. Polyg. Ohlendorfiance , E. et J. Somers. E., No.
1228.

Facile Pnccinia, teleutosporis ignotis (Cke.).

Uredo Ecteinanthi, K.

Soris hypoph. sparsis, minutis, ochraceis ; stilosporis ovato-
rotundalis et irregularibus *03 x '024 mm., flavis, epidermide laevi.

In Ecteinantho prolixa , Nees. Grahamstown, leg. MacOw., No.
1258.

Uredo Fycnostachydis, K.

Soris hypophyllis, sparsis, minutis, prominulis, dilute ochra-
ceis ; stilosporis sphaeroideis et difformibus ,02-*003 mm., granu-
latis, flavidis.

In Pycnostachyde reticulata, Bk. P. Natal, Inanda, No. 30.

Uredo linearis, Pers.

In gramine indeterm. P. Natal, 113.

Uredo Leguminosarum, Link.

In Leguminosa indeterm. P. Natal, 199.

Uredo Rumicum, D. C.

II. In Rumice indeterm. Port Nat., 115.

I. = AEcidium Rumicis , Hoffm. Thum. l.c., 108, in Rumice
Eckloniana Meissn.

Uredo Myrsiphylli, Thum. Flora, 1877, 26.

I. sEcidium Myrsiphylli , K. Sporangiis hypophyllis, maculae
flavae insidentibus circinatim congestis, semiimersis, urceolatis,
margine subintegro.

II. Stilosporae vid. Thum. l.c.

In Asparago ( Myrsiphyllo ) medioloide, Thunb. P. Natal, No.
209. Som. E., No. 1280.

Uredo Filicum, Kl.

In pinnulis Aspidii capensis, Willd. Som. E., 1025.

Huc fors Caeoma nervisequum , Thum. l.c. 91.

Uredo transversalis, Thum. l.c., No. 62.

In fol. viv. Tritoniae ( Manhretice ) securigerae , Ker. Som. E.,
No. 1254. In Gladiolo Saundersii , Hook. fil.

Uredo (Lecythea) Ricini, Bernh. Thum. l.c., No. 11.

In fol. vivis Ricini communis. Som. E., No. 1028.

JEcidium ornamentale, K. in Flora, 1876, p. 362, No. 39.

In surculis ramulisque Acaciae horridae, L. Som. E., leg.
MacOwan, No. 1044. Species pulcherrima !

JEcidium inornatum, K.

Soris hypophyllis, sparsis, prominulis, vix apertis, pallidis.

In fol. viv. Acaciae horridae, L., cum Ravenelia glabra, K. et C.
Somerset East, leg. MacOw., No. 1436.

26

FUNGI M A COWAN IANI.

AZcid. ornamentale , K., ramulos JEi. horridas occupat et detor-
quet, folia non tangit. In hac vero specie multo teneriore nec un-
quam elongata contrarium accidit.

JEcidium Compositarum, D.C.

In fol. Conyzae ivcefolice , Less. Con. pinnatilobce , D.C. et Con.
podocephalce , D.C. Som. E., No. 1318, 1037. P. Natal, No. 18.

sEcid. MacOwanianum, Thum. l.c., No. 12 et 13, vix differre
videtur.

JEcidium Senecionum, Desm.

In fol. viv. Senecionis deltoidis , Lev. Sen. quinquelobi , D.C.
Som. E., No. 1026, 1033. In Sen . micanoide , Ott. P. Natal, No.
116.

Them, l.c., No. 41, 86, 109.

JEcidium albilabrum, K. Thum. in Flora, 1875, No. 31.

In fol. viv. Alepidece amatymbicce , F. et J., et AI. ciliaris , La
Rosch. Som. E., 1053.

JEcidium Crini, K.

Sporangiis hypophyllis, variis amphigenis in maculis olivaceo-
fuscis, dimidium pollicom et ultra latis, rotundis vel ellipticis,
congestis, ochraceis, profunde urceolatis, margine reflexo, pulveru-
lento.

In fol. viv. Crini capensis , Harv. P. Natal, No. 68.

JEcidium Cussoniae, K.

Sporangiis hypophyllis, in macula fuscescente congestis, seini-
imersis, concavis, ochraceis, ore subintegro.

In fol. Cussonice spicatae , Thunb. P. Natal, No. 88.

JEcidium Hartwegiae, Thum. l.c , 88.

= AZcid. chlorophyli , MacOw. in litt.

In fol. viv. Chlorophyll (. Hartwegiae ) elati, R. Br. (teste Backer).
Som. E., No. 1022.

In circulo iEcidiorum haud raro advest. Phoma, procut dubio
Spermogonia iEcidii, Conf. De Bary uber die Brandpilze.
Hamaspora longissima ( Thum .), Korn. Myc. Beitr., p. 16.

I. = Uredo lucida , Thum. l.c., 63.

II. Phrugmidium longissimum, Thum. l.c.

In fol. viv. Rubi rigidi, Sond. Som. E., No. 1024. P. Natal,
No. 24.

Genus insigne, medium tenens inter Phragmidium et Podisoma.
Coleosporium detergibile, Thum. l.c., No. 8.

In fol. viv. Plectronice ( Psilostomce ) ciliatae, Dietr. Som. E.,
No. 1107.

DIORCHIDIUM, Kalch.

Sporidia didyma, testiculaeformia, basi connata, pedicello com-
muni verticaliter insidentia.

Diorchidium Woodii, K. et C.

Soris hypophyllis, sparsis, liberis, planis, atris ; sporidiis binis
juxta se positis, ovatis *02-*024 X •OIO-'OIS mm., eximie echinu-

FUNGI MAfJOWANI ANI.

27

latis, brunneis, in pedicello sursum incrassato, quam spora duplo
longiore.

In fol. viv. Milletiae caffrce , Meissn. P. Natal, No. 70. (Ob-
servante Cookio.)

Yix differt Triphragmium binatum, Berk, in Amer. Acad. Sci. p.
125. “ Sporis fuscis, biccellulosis, spinis emarginatis, asperis,

dissepimento vertieali, membrana exteriore deglubente ” (e Nicara-
gua). Sed nomen u STnphragmium Amatum ” contradictionem in
adjecto exhibet !

Phragmidium obtusum, Tui.

II. = Uredo Potenti Harum, D.C., conf. Coleosporium ochraceum,
Thum. l.c., 9.

III. Non obs.

In fol. viv. Agrimoniae Eupatoriae , L., var. capensi. Som. E.,

No. 1113.

Phragmidium Rosarum, Rbh.

I. et. III. In Rosa centifolia. Som. E., No. 1343.

Cystopus candidus, Lev.

In fol. Brassicae Napce, L., et Cardamines Africanae , L. Som.
E., No. 1248, 1287. P. Natal, 199.

Cystopus Portulacae, D.C.

In Portulaca oleracea , L. hortorum. Som. E., No. 1303.

Cystopus Amaranthi, Berk. (?)

= Cyst. Bliti , Thum. l.c., 116. Oogonia desunt, hinc sp. dubia.
Conidia ut in C. amaranthi, B.

In fol. Cyathulce lappulacece , Mog. Tand. Som. E., No. 1313.

HYPHOMYCETES.

Ceratium hydnoides, Fr. MacOw., 1050.

Stilbum (?) physarioides, K.

Som. East (MacOwan).

Stilbum fimetarium, P.

In excrementis Hyraeis capensis. MacOw., No. 1178.
var. Simiarum. In excrem. Cynocephalorum , MacOw., 1382.
Vulgari forma mullo major.

Fusarium roseum, Lk.

Au durren Stengelor von Datura Tatula, L. MacOw., 1068.

Verticillium pulvinulum, K. et C.

In foliis emorientibus Aloes. MacOw., 1170.

Album, hyphis verticillato ramosis, sporis oblongis.

Sporotrichum epiphyllum, Link.

In fol. lriort. Pelar goniorum. MacOw., 1171.

Primo albidum demum caesium.

Dendryphium IUXacOwanianum, Thum. in Flor., 1877, No. 26.
MacOw., 1285.

Sporidesmium polymorphum, Cda.

Cape, MacOwan, 1432.

28

AUSTRALIAN FUNGI.

By M. C. Cooke.
CContinued from Vol. x., p. 13 6J

Ord. IV. THELEFHOREZ, Fr.

Gen. 1. Craterellus, Fr. Gen. Hym.

Crat. pusio, Berk. FI. Tasm. II., 258.

Tasmania.

Crat. confluens, B Sf Curt. Linn. Journ. ix., 423.
Endeavour River.

Gen. 2. Cladoderris, Pers.

Clad, dendritica, Pers. in Freyc. Voy ., 1. 1, f. 4.

Victoria, N. S. Wales.

Clad. Australica, Berk, in Herb.

N. S. Wales.

Pileo umbrino.

Gen. 3. Lachnocladium, Lev.

Lach. furcellatum, Lev. Ann. Sci. Nat., 1846, 159.
Queensland.

Gen. 4. Thelephora, Ehrb.

Thel. decolorans, Berk. Sf Curt. Linn. Journ. x., 328.
Thel. congesta, Berk. Linn. Journ. xvi., 168.

Victoria, N. S. Wales, Queensland.

Thel. intybacea, Fr. Bym. Fur., 635.

N. S. Wales.

Thel. exsculpta, Berk. Linn. Journ. xvi., 168.
Victoria.

Thel. riccioidea, Berk. FI. Tasm. ii., 258.
Tasmania.

Thel. Archeri, Berk. FI. Tasm., t. 183, /. 2.
Tasmania, Victoria.

Thel. viridis, Berk. FI. Tasm, n., 258.

Tasmania.

Thel. caryophyllea, Fr. Hym. Eur., 634.

W. Australia,

Thel. concrescens, Fr. PL Preiss., 136.

W. Australia.

Thel. lamellata, B.Sf Curt. Sill. Journ., 1851,95.
Queensland.

Thel. myriomera, Fr. PI. Preiss., 137.

W. Australia.

Thel. pedicellata, Schivz. Syn. Car., 108.
Queensland.

AUSTRALIAN FUNGI.

29

Gen. 5. Stereum. Fries.

Stexeum capexatum, B. <Sf Mont. Syll., 175.

Daintree River, N. S. Wales, Lord Howe’s Island.

Stexeum elegans, Fr. Epic. 545.

Victoria, N. S. Wales, Queensland.

Stexeum Thozetii, Berk. Linn. Journ. xvill., 385.

Queensland, IS. W. Australia, Victoria.

Stexeum nitidulum, Berk. Hook. Journ., 1845, 638.

Queensland, Endeavour River.

Stexeum lobatum, Kze. in Fr. Epic., 347.

Victoria, N. S. Wales, Queensland, New Guinea.

Stexeum Boxyanum, Fr. Epic., 547.

Queensland, Daintree River.

Stexeum Sowexbeyi, Berk. Fr. Hym. Eur., 633.

N. S. Wales, Tasmania, Victoria.

Stexeum vexsicolox, Fr. Epic., 547.

Victoria.

Stexeum semilugens, Kalch. Qrevillea IX., p. 1.

Queensland.

Stexeum luteobadium, Fr. Epic., 547.

N. S. Wales.

Stexeum stxiatum Fr. Hym. Eur.. 641.

K S. Wales.

Stexeum pxolificans, Berk, (ined.)

N. S. Wales, Queensland.

Stexeum hixsutum, Fr. Hym. Eur., 639.

W. Australia, S. Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, N. S. Wales,
Queensland.

Stexeum spadiceum, Fr. Hym. Eur., 640.

Victoria, Tasmania, N. S. Wales. Queensland.

Stexeum puxpuxeum, Fr. Hym. Eur., 639.

W. Australia, S. Australia, Victoria, Tasmania.

Stexeum xadiato-fissum, B. Sf Br. Linn. Trans, (ined.)

Queensland.

Stexeum Schombuxgkii, Berk. Linn. Journ., xvi., 168.

JSI. Australia, Queensland.

Stexeum illudens, Berk. (=S. decipiens, B.) Hook. Journ., 1845.

Victoria, N. Australia, W. Australia, S. Australia, Tasmania,
N. S. Wales, Queensland.

Stexeum vittsefoxme, Fl. Fr. Preiss., 137.

W. Australia.

Stexeum spongisepes, B.&Br. Linn. Journ. xv in., 385.

IllaWarra.

Stexeum Ostxea, Fees. Fr, Nova. Sym., 93.

Queensland.

Stexeum confusum, Berk, (ined.)

W. Australia.

Stexeum vellexeum, Berk. Fl.N. Zeal. IL, 183.

Victoria.

30

AUSTRALIAN FUNGI.

Stereum sulfureum, Fr. Qide Berk, in Greo. i., 164;.
Queensland.

Stereum concolor, Berk. FI. Tasm. n. 259.

Tasmania.

Stereum acerinum, Jr. Syst. Myc. I., 453.

Tasmania.

Stereum umbrinum, Fr. FI. Priess, 137.

W. Australia.

Stereum rugosum, Fr. Hym. Eur., 643.

Clarence River.

Gen. 6. Auricularia, Bull.

Auricularia albicans, Berk. Linn. Juurn. xm., 170.
Queensland.

Auricularia minuta, Berk. Hook. Journ.

W. Australia, Tasmania.

Auricularia pusio, Berk, in Linn. Journ. xVn., p. 386.
Queensland.

Auricularia lobata, Fr. Hym. Eur., 646.

Queensland.

Auricularia mesenterica, Fr. Hym. Eur., 646.
Queensland.

Gen. 7. Dictyonema. Bl. 8$ N.

Dictyonema aeruginosum, Nees Acta. Ar. Cur. xm., t. 2.
Queensland, Daintree River.

Gen. 8. Hymenoch^ete, Lev.

Hym. strigosa, B.SfBr. Linn. Journ. * iv., 68.

Hym. rubiginosa, Lev. Ann. Sci. Nat., 1846, 151.

W. Australia, Tasmania.

Hym. phaea, Berk. Grevillea, VIII .,p. 146.

Hym. cacao, Berk. Linn. Journ. x., 333.

Queensland.

Hym. tenuissima, B. A By. Linn. Journ. X., 333.
Queensland.

Hym. Archeri, Berk. FI. Tasm., n., 259.

Tasmania.

Hym. vinosa, Berk. Grevillea vm., 149.

W. Australia.

Hym. Mougeotii, Fr. Hym. Eur., 654.

Tasmania.

Hym. crassa, Lev. Grevillea vm., 148.

Gen. 9. Peniophora, Che,

Pen. papyrina (Monti) Cke. Grevillea yin., 20.
Victoria.

Pen. tephra (B. $ C). Cke. Grevillea xm., 20.

S. Australia.

Pen. deglubens ( B .). Linn. Journ. XV in., 385.

AUSTRALIAN FUNGI.

31

Pen. sparsa (i?.). Cke. Qrevilleav ill., 21.
Queensland.

Gen. 10. Corticium, Fr .

Cort. caeruleum, Fr. Hym. Ear., 651.

N. S. Wales, Queensland.

Cort. Auberianum, B. fy Mont. Cuba, 372.

Victoria.

Cort. arachnoideum, Berk. Fr. Hym. Eur., 649.

8. Australia, Tasmania.

Cort. laeve, Fr. Hym. Eur., 649.

Tasmania, Queensland.

Cort. roseum, Per s. Fr. Hym. Ear., 650.

Tasmania.

Cort. sulfur eum, Fr. Hym. Eur., 650.

Tasmania.

Cort. cretaceum, Fr. Ej?. 566.

Tasmania.

Cort. luteo-cinctum, Berk. Linn. Journ,, XVI., 168.
V ictoria.

Cort. Archeri, Berk. FI. Tasm. II., 260.

Tasmania.

Cort. olivaceum, Fr. Hym. Ear., 660.

Queensland.

Cort. nudum, Fr. Hym. Ear., 655.

Queensland.

Cort. radicale, Berk. Hook. Journ., 1845, 59.

W. Australia.

Cort. incarnatum, Fr. Hym. Eur., 654.

W. Australia, Queensland.

Cort. comedens, Fr. Hym. Eur., 656.

W. Australia.

Cort. miniatum, Cke. Grevillea ix. p. 2.

N. 8. Wales, Queensland.

Cort. murinum, i?. # Br. Linn. Journ. XIV. ,70.
Victoria.

Cort. anthochroum, Fr. Hym. Far., 661.

Cort. ochroleucum, Fr. Epic., 557.

Tasmania.

Gen. 11. Hypochnus, Fr.

Hypoch. rubro-cinctus, Ehr. Hor. Phys., 85.
Queensland.

Gen. 12. Cyphella, Fr.

Cyphella muscigena, Fr. Hym. Eur., 663.
Victoria, Tasmania.

32

AUSTRALIAN FUNGI.

Cyphella Curreyi, B „ S( Br. Ann. Nat. Hist., No. 935.
Victoria.

Cyphella capula, Fr. Hym. Eur., 664*.

Tasmania.

Gen. 13. Solenia, Hoffm.

Solenia ochracea, Fr. Hym. Eur., 596.

Tasmania.

Ord. V. CLAVARIEI.

Gen. 1. Clavaria, Linn.

Clavaria botrytis, Pers. Fr. Hym. Eur., 667.

W. Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, N. S. Wales.
Clavaria flava, Pers. Fr. Hym. Eur., 666.

Victoria, N. S. Wales.

Clavaria abietina, Sehum. Fr. Hym. Eur., 671.
Victoria.

Clavaria crispula, Fr. Hym. Eur., 673.

W. Australia.

Clavaria lorithamnus, Berk. Linn. Journ.,x ill., 169.
Victoria.

Clavaria rugosa, Bull. Fr. Hym. Eur., 669.
Queensland.

Clavaria inaequalis, Mull. Fr. Hym. Eur., 674.

Tasmania, Victoria, N. S. Wales.

Clavaria argillacea, Pers. Fr. Hym. Eur., 675.

Victoria, N. S. Wales, Queensland.

Clavaria paludicola, Lib. Exs. Ard., No. 522.

S. Australia.

Clavaria setulosa, Berk. Hook. Journ., 1845, 60.

W. Australia.

Clavaria juncea, Fr. Hym. Eur., 667.

Victoria, Tasmania.

Clavaria pyxidata, Pers. Fr. Hym. Eur., 669.

N. S. Wales.

Clavaria formosa, Pers. Fr. Hym. Eur., 670.

Victoria, N. S. Wales, Queensland.

Clavaria aurea? Sc/iff. Fr. Hym. Eur., 670.

N. S. Wales.

Clavaria stricta, Pers. Fr.Hym. Eur., 673.
Queensland.

Clavaria cristata, Pers. Ir. Hym. Eur., 668.
Tasmania.

Clavaria lutea, Vent., t. 41,/. 4.

Tasmania.

Clavaria Archeri, Berk. LT,. Tasm.u., 261, t. 183,/. 3.
Tasmania.

AUSTRALIAN FUNGI,

33

Clavaria rhizomorpha, Berk. FI. Tasm. n., 261, t. 183, f. 4.

Tasmania.

Clavaria plebeja, Fr. PI. Preiss ., 137.

W. Australia.

Clavaria laetissima, Fers. Linn. Journ. xviii., 386.

S. Queensland.

Clavaria Kunzei, Fr. Hym. Fur., 669.

Trinity Bay, Mount Dryander, Daintree River.

Clavaria muscoides, Fr. Eym. Eur., 667.

Paramatta.

Clavaria fastigiata, Linn. Fr. Hym. Eur., 667.

N. S. Wales.

Clavaria coralloides, Linn. Fr. Hym. Fur., 668.

Victoria.

Gen. 2. Calocera, Fr.

Calocera guepinioides, Berk. Hook. Journ., 1845, 61.

W. Australia, S. Australia, Tasmania.

Calocera glossoides, Fr. Hym. Eur., 681.

Victoria.

Calocera cornea, Fr. Hym. Eur. 680.

Victoria.

Calocera stricta, Fr. Hym. Eur., 680.

Gipps Land.

Ord. VI. TREMELLINI.

Gen. 1. Tremella, Dill.

Tremella lutescens, Fr. Hym. Eur., 690.

S. Australia, Victoria, Tasmania, N. S. Wales.

Tremella mesenterica, Betz. Fr. Hym. Eur., 690.

W. Australia, Victoria, Queensland, S. Australia.

Tremella frondosa, Fr. Hym. Eur., 690.

Tasmania.

Tremella foliacea, Pers. Fr. Hym. Eur., 690.

W. Australia, Tasmania-
Tremella albida, Huds. Fr. Hym. Eur., 691.

Tasmania, N. S. Wales.

Tremella olens, Berk. FI. Tasm. n., 262, t. 183, f. 5.

Tasmania.

Tremella viscosa, Berk. Fr. Hym. Eur., 691.

Tasmania.

Gen. 2. Exidia, Fries.

Exidia glandulosa, Fr. Hym. Eur., 694.

W. Australia, Tasmania.

Gen. 3. Hirneola, Fr.

Hirneola polytricha, Fr. Fung. Nat., 27.

S. Australia, N. W. Wales, Queensland, Chatham Island, Lord
Howe’s Island, Tropical Australia.

Hirneola hispidula, Berk. Ann. Nat. Hist, ill., 393.

Victoria.

3

u

AUSTRALIAN FUNGI.

Hirneola auricula- Judaae, Fr. Hym. Eur., 695.

Victoria, Tasmania, N. S. Wales.

Hirneola vitellina, Fr. Fungi Nat., 27.

Tasmania.

Hirneola rufa, Fr. Fungi Nat., 27.

Queensland.

Hirneola Lesueurii, Mont. (Auricularia Lesueurii, Bory.).

Queensland (j=H. auricula Judace).

Hirneola fusco-succinea, Mont. Syll., 182.

S. W. Australia, Clarence River.

Gen. 4. Guepinia, Fries.

Guepinia spathularia, Fr. Elen, n., 32.

N. S. Wales, Queensland.

Guepinia pezizaeformis, Berk. Hook. Journ., 1845, 60.

W. Australia, Tasmania, Queensland.

Gen. 5. Dacrymyces, Nees.

Dacryxnyces rubro-fuscus, Berk. Hook. Journ., 1845, 61.

W. Australia.

Dacrymyces deliquescens, Duby. Fr. Hym. Eur., 698.
Tasmania.

Dacrymyces miltinus, Berk. FI. Tasm. n„ 363, 1. 183, /. 7.
Tasmania.

Dacrymyces sclerotioides, Berk. FI. Tasm. II., 263, t. 183, /. 8.

Tasmania.

Dacrymyces seriatus, Berk. FI. Tasm. II., 263.

Tasmania.

Gen. 6. Sebacina, Tul.

Sebacina incrustans, Tul. Linn. Journ. XIII., 37.

Tasmania.

SACCARDO’S SYLLOGE FUNGORUM.*

The first volume is just published of this work, which promises
to be a most valuable and indispensable one for the Mycologist.
The want of some synopsis of all described species has long been
felt, and at last Professor Saccardo has undertaken the Herculasan
task. This volume consists of 766 pages, and includes the descriptions,
in Latin, of 2,849 species of Pyrenomycetes, which are estimated
to be about half of the entire number. The second volume is
promised during next year. As far as we have yet been enabled
to test it, the compilation appears to have been carefully and con-
scientiously performed. We are glad to see that incomplete
diagnoses, and doubtful species also find a place in appendices, so
that a degree of completeness is attained which would not have
been consistent with their exclusion. We are also gratified to find
that the reduction of species has not been indulged in so much as

* Sylloge Fungorum, omnium hucusque cognitorum. P. A. Saccardo,
“Pyrenomycetes,” vol. i,, (Padua).

SUCCARDO’S SYLLOGE FUNGORUM.

OK
60

we had feared might be the case. We do not suppose that Pro-
fessor Saccardo has equal faith in all the species that he has intro-
duced, but it is well that he has not excluded all those which he
held in doubt, but left this to the judgment of those who might
use his volumes. The great desideratum was to bring all the
scattered species together into one work for ready reference, this
having been done, we do not feel justified in criticising too rigidly
the classification adopted, although it is more artificial than we
should have liked.

The Perisporiacese, and the first part of the Sphaeriaceae, are in-
cluded in the volume before us, and to this we shall hereafter re-
turn to offer some observations on the details, which time and space
does not permit us to enter upon now.

The “ getting up ” leaves nothing to be desired, as the type is
clear and legible, and the descriptions are numbered on one side
consecutively in each genus, and on the other side consecutively
through the work, so that reference and quotation is rendered
easy. It is to be hoped that an exhaustive Index will accompany
the next volume, as the absence of such an Index is the greatest,
and almost only practical deficiency in the first volume. We
heartily wish the learned Professor health, patience, and per-
severance to bring his labours in due time to a close.

M. C. Cooke.

THE PERISPORIACEiE OF SACCARDO’S SYLLOGE
FUNGORUM.

It is worthy of note that the artificial arrangement, according to
the spores, is not adopted by Saccardo in the Perisporiacece, or, at
least, in a very subsidiary manner. This seems to indicate a
manifest admission of the defect of the system, or that the
originator had no faith in his own doctrine. This proposed
system has been vauntingly termed a “ carpological arrangement,”
but this is evidently a false application of terms, since it is only
“ spermological,” which is a very different thing from “carpolo-
gical.” If it had been carpological it would have taken into
account the entire fructification, and not the seeds, ovules, or spores
alone. It cannot be contested that a system, such as that adopted
for the Sphaeriaceae is artificial , pure and simple, equivalent to the
old Linnean system of counting the stamens. Hence, it is a
reversion from the natural arrangement proposed by Fries, and is
analogous to going back to the Linnean system. There can be
but one opinion now a days that the Natural system is an advance
upon the Artificial — as applied to the Phanerogamia. It must
be proved that the natural system cannot be applied to Cryto-
gamia or, if not, we are fully entitled to protest against going
backwards in classification. Of course it will be expected that a
new system will obtain adherents, because love of novelty will
ensure that, but, to suppose that it will be permanent , will argue
all lack of faith in the progress of the human mind. Inasmuch as

36 THE PERISPORIACECE OF SACCARDO’S SYLLOGE FUNGORUM.

children and uncultured or deficient intellects prefer counting
stamens to any more elaborate method for the determination of
flowering plants, so will they accept the counting of septa as the
perfection of simplicity.

As already intimated, the Perisporiacece are not absolutely
spermologically classified, and therefore, generally, we take no
exception to the first 87 pages of Professor Saccardo’s “ Sylloge.”
There are, nevertheless, a few minute details to which we will
advert for the purpose of revision. In the Erysiphei , the arrange-
ment is that of Leveille, with one or two additional genera, which
in two instances are not desirable. Erysiphella, which only professes
to differ from Erysiphe in the absence of definite appendages,
whereas this is only a fanciful difference, since in many of the
species of Erysiphe the interwoven threads of the perithecia defy
distinction into mycelium and appendages. There is no real
difference in this respect between so-called Erysiphella and some
species called Eiysiphe. We should be glad to know how the
coloured appendages of Erysiphe lamprocai'pa are to be distin-
guished from the mycelioid filaments of the perithecia. Leveille
himself says “ il faut de grandes precautions pour separer les
appendicules.” The other genus to which we allude is Pleochceta.
The typical species is Uncinula polychceta , Berk, and Curt. The
difference indicated between this genus and Uncinula is that the
appendages are straight in the former, and curved at the tops in
the latter, with a slight variation in the form of the asci. W e are
prepared to admit that the diagnosis of the genus Pleochcete
presents a distinct difference, and that a species with straight
appendages is not in its place if included in Uncinula , where the
tips, in all the species are curved. But Uncinula polychceta ,
Berk & Curt, is a true Uncinula, with numerous appendages,
curled at the tips, just as in U. adunca, except that they are
thickened upwards, so as to be clavate. The specimens in the
Berkeley Herbarium are accompanied by a drawing, exhibiting
these features which have been confirmed by examination. The
Uncinula polychceta , Berk & Curt, is a true Uncinula, and there-
fore it was an error to adopt it as the type of a genus with straight
appendages. The description of Erysiphe polychceta, B. & C. (No.
990) is quite different, and so are the specimens. The perithecia
are much larger, and are seated upon dense orbicular spots of
matted mycelium. The appendages are far more numerous than in
Uncinula polychceta, and hence there is no reason to suppose that
the Erysiphe is a condition of the Uncinula. Therefore the
cardinal error has been the assumption that the two species are
identical, which has introduced an element of confusion. Uncinula
polychceta, B. & C. will have to remain as a separate species, and
if there is any good basis for Pleochceta, as a genus, then the
Uncinula must be expunged from its synonyms.

Whilst on the subject of genera, we cannot see how in a natural
arrangement, Sporoi'inia could possibly be far removed from Peris-
porium, but we can find no mention of it in Perisporiacece , after
t'accardo.

THE PERISP0RIACEA2 OF SACCARDO’s SYLLOGE FUNGORUM. 37

Further notes will be made in the order of species —

Page 11. Microsphcera semitonsa , B. & C., should have been
Microsphcera semitosta, B. & C.

Page 19. Erysiphe Martii, Lev., occurs on Populus ciliata at
Simla, in N.W. India, or at least a form which does not appear to
be specifically distinct.

Page 21. Erysiphe chelones, Schwz.

Erysiphe phlogis , Schwz.

Neither of these can be separated from E. lamprocarpa.

Page 37. Ascotricha is so closely related to Chcetomium that we
cannot see grounds for their separation, except the exigencies of
an artificial system.

Page 40. The large genus Asterina should properly be confined
to species with flattened or depressed perithecia ; hence some of the
species now included will have to be transferred to Dimerosporium ,
such for instance as No. 35, Asterina conglobata , B. & C. ; No. 50,
Asterina congregata, B. & C. ; Asterina myriadea, Cke. (appendix,
p. 761); and most probably A sterina melioloides, B. & C. (No. 34),
hereafter alluded to.

Page 45. Asterina bullata , B. & C. (hlo. 192), is repeated at
page 51 (No. 230).

Page 46. Asterina melioloides, B. & C. (No. 195), is the same
species as was described under Meliola Baccharidis, B. & C. (No.
238). By some error the same thing was twice described under
different names, but only one species was intended.

Asterina exasperans , B. & C; ( Phacidium exasperans, Schwz.),
on leaves of Kalmia. This species is omitted. The perithecia are
flattened, attached by a radiating brown mycelium, but authentic
specimens are so old that the asci and sporidia appear to be
diffused.

Page 50. Asterina punctifomiis , Lev. In our specimen from
Leveille — 11 Asci clavate, sporidia continuous hyaline, minute.”

Page 51. Asterina Azarrce, Lev. Asci ovate, sporidia elliptic,
continuous, most probably becoming septate, *018 x *008 mm.

Page 53. Dimerosporium MacOwanianum , Sacc. (No. 240), a re-
petition of Asterina MacOwaniana , K. & C. (No. 169), and a good
Asterina.

Dimerosporium mangiferum, Sacc. (23 6), is repeated at p. 77, as
Capnodium mangiferum, C. & B. (No. 340).

Dimerosporium molle (B. & Br.), Sacc. (No/ 237), has the ap-
pendages of a Meliola.

Page 61. Meliola capnodioides, Thum. (No. 278), is Meliola
amphitricha , Fr. ; inaccurately described according to authentic
specimens.

Meliola nidulans ( Schw .) Clce., is omitted. This is the Sphceria
nidulans of Schweinitz, but a most distinct and decided Meliola.
Asci pyriform, 2-4 spored, sporidia *05 x *018 mm., brown, quadri-
septate, constricted, rounded at the ends.

Meliola hidentata, Che. in Rav. Fungi Amer. (No. 128).
Perithecia globose (*15 mm.), appendages few, erect, bidentate at the
tips. Asci saccate, sporidia *045 X *018 mm., slightly constricted,

38 THE PERISPORIACEjE of saccardo’s sylloge fungorum.

rounded at the ends, brown ; usually two in each ascus. On leaves
of Bignonia. Florida.

Page 63. Meliola glabra , B. & C.

There are four specimens in the Berkeley Herbarium, of which
three are on Rubiacece, and one, apparently, on palm ; the latter is
probably M. palmarum, Kze., and the former the true M. glabra.
The name is, however, misleading, since the perithecia have each
cell prolonged into a conical wart, so that by their verrucose ap-
pearance these may be readily distinguished from the perithecia of
any other described species.

Page 69. Meliola quinquespora , Thum. (No. 309).

We doubt the existence of any species corresponding to this
description.

Meliola abietis , Sacc. (Apiosporium abietis, Ckei), 308. This is
certainly not a Meliola , with which it has nothing in common. It
is a victim to an artificial system. Although in all other respects it
agrees with Apiosporium, it has not the requisite septum.

Page 70. Meliola triseptata, B. & Br. (No. 313). Further ex-
amination of authentic specimens has convinced me that the
opinion furnished to Professor Saccardo was inaccurate, and that
the sporidia are not as in M. amphitricha, but triseptate,
*035 x *012 mm., constricted, brown, rounded at the ends.

Page 71. Meliola seminata, B. & C. (No. 317). To this descrip-
tion should be added “ Asci saccate, sporidia quadriseptate, brown.”

To these may be added —

Meliola octospoxa, Cooke.

Spots orbicular, rather small, velvety, perithecia of medium size,
appendages erect, twice or three times dichotomous above (as in
M. mollis , B. & C.). Asci large, saccate, usually with 8 spores,
sporidia triseptate, strongly constricted, brown. *045 X *018 mm.
On leaves. Mauritius.

Astexina oleina, Cooke in Rav. Fungi Amer. (No. 757).
Scattered, punctiform ; perithecia flattened, discoid, with a radi-
ating brown mycelium at the margin, minute, asci clavate, sporidia
hyaline, small, uniseptate (immature ?). Pycnidia similar, but
smaller, stylospores minute, oval, hyaline, '005 mm. long.

On leaves of Olea Americana. Georgia, U.S.

The foregoing suggestions are not made in any captious spirit,
since the majority are the result of examinations of authentic
specimens, to which Saccardo had no access. They are offered with
the desire that they may be of some service as “ emendata.”

M. C. Cooke.

BRITISH FRESH-WATER ALGiE.

The subscription list to this work has been some time closed ,
and nearly all the copies of the parts already published are dis-
posed of, with the exception of a limited number retained for the
complete volume. This announcement is made to prevent corres-
pondence, as we receive numerous applications. Unfortunately

BRITISH FRESH-WATER ALGJ3.

39

we had no data on which to assume the probable demand, and
hence a smaller number were printed than desirable, so that there
is every probability that the parts will soon be out of print. W e
have no inclination to reprint the letter press, or reproduce the
plates, so that anyone desiring to secure a copy should not delay,
or they may be disappointed.

M. C. Cooke.

FUNGI OF SOCOTRA.

Stexeum xetixugum, Cooke.

Coriaceo-membranaceum, murinum ; pileo effuso, e cupulari ex-
planato, marginato; ambitu pallide fimbriato; hymenio sub-
velutino, reticulato-venoso, murinaceo.

Ad ramos. Socotra ( Balfour ).

Trametes Socotxana, Qooke.

Pileo sessili, semi-orbiculari, tenui, coriaceo, zonato-sulcato,
velutino, albo ; contextu concolore ; poris magnis, dentatis,
demum confluentibus, umbrinis.

Ad truncos. Socotra {Balfour).

Proceedings Boyal Society , Edinburgh, vol. xi. 1882.

THREE NEW INDIAN FUNGI.

By the Rev. M. J. Berkeley, F.R.S.

Hygxophoxus Hobsoni, B.

Pileo conico eximie umbonato glabro pallido ; velo conspicuo
appendiculato ; stipite sursum incrassato ; lamellis angustis pallidis
ascendentibus.

Pileus about 1 inch in diameter, J f high ; stem 2\ inches high,
2 lines thick above.

Communicated by General Hobson, who gathered the specimen
in Central India.

Dictyophoxa nana, B.

Gregaria glandiformis, capite conico expanso ; reticulo ad basin
stipitis brevis extenso ; volva fusca.

Andaman Isles, Lieut.-Col. E. S. Berkeley. Differing from all
published species in its dwarf gregarious habit.

Tilmadoche cavipes, B.

Mycelio reticulato candido ; peridiis junioribus carneis, senioribus
lateritio- effractis pulveraceis globosis, stipitibus candidis basi in-
crassatis gossypinis cavis ; sporis atropurpureis globosis levibus ;
capillitio parco flavo.

On leaves of different species of Phakenopsis. Andaman Isles,
Lieut.-Col. E. S. Berkley, 1882.

The filmy reticulate mycelium at length disappears, and the
peridia are scattered, looking at first sight from their white stems

40

THREE NEW INDIAN FUNGI.

like Diachcea. The species is altogether distinct from T, lateritia ,
Lev. The dust of the peridia consists of irregular fragments of a
bright orange-red.

CRYPTOGRAMIC LITERATURE.

Fries, E. leones Hymenomy cetum, vol. ii., part 7, 8.

Cooke, M. C. Illustrations of Fungi, part 9, 10.

Dickie, Dr. G. Notes on Algse from the Himalayas, in
“ Journ. Linn. Soc.,” No. 120, June, 1882.

Brittain, T. Micro-fungi, when and where to find them.
Ellis, J. B. New North American Fungi, in “ Bull. Torr.
Bot. Club/’ June, 1882 ; Aug., 1882.

Peck, C. H. New species of Fungi, in “ Bull. Torr. Bot.
Club,” May, 1882.

Farlow, W. G. Notes on New England Algse, in “ Bull. Torr.
Bot. Club,” May, 1882.

Collins, F. S. Notes on New England Algse, in “ Bull. Ton*.
Bot. Club,” May, 1882.

Just, Prof. Botanischer Jahresbericht (1878), pt. 3.
Ascherson, P. Speisetriiffeln. im N. E. Deutschland.

Arnold, Dr. F. Lichenologische Fragmente, xxvi., in
“ Flora,” 11, April, 1882.

Rostafinski, J. On Hydrunis (Krakow, 1882).

Winter, Dr, G. Rabenhorst’s Kryptogamen Flora, Pilze,
part 7.

Rehm, Dr. Ascomyceten, fasc. xiii.

Pearson, W. H. On Radula germana , in “Journ. Bot.,”
Aug., 1882.

Roumeguere, C. Revue mycologique, July, 1882.

Winter, Dr. Geo. Hedwigia, Nos. 5 and 6, 1882.
Lagerheim, G. Protococcacese, Pediastrese, and Palmellaceae of
Stockholm.

Jatta, A. Licheni Africani, in “ Giorn. Bot. Ital.,” July,
1882.

Mattibolo, G. On the Sclerotium of Peziza Sclerotiorum, in
“ Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital.,” July, 1882.

Crisp, F., and others. Brief notices in “ Monthly Micro-
scopical Journal.”

Saccardo, P. A. “ Sylloge Fungorum,” vol. 1, “ Pyrenomy-
cetes,” part 1.

Cooke, M. C. Fresh Water Algse, part 3, Zygnemaceae.
Bresadola. Fungi Tridentini, No. 2.

Cooke, M. C. and English, J. List of Hymenomycetal
Fungi of Epping Forest ; in “ Trans. Essex Nat. Field Club.
Yol. ii., part 6.

Ravenel’s Fungi Americana Exsic. Cent, vii, viii.

No. 58.]

[December, 1882.

A QUARTERLY RECORD OF CRYPTOGAMIC BOTANY
AND ITS LITERATURE.

A MONOGRAPH OF THE BRITISH HYPOMYCES.

By Charles B. Plowright.

With Illustrations of all Species, by Dr. M. C. Cooke, M.A., A.L.S.

( Continued from p. 8.J

3. Hypomyces lateritius, Tul. Conidia minute, sphasrical,
colourless, *0035 to *007 mm. in diameter ; borne upon awl-shaped
filaments, produced by the thick web-like mycelium.

Perithecia minute, ovato-globose, nestling in the white abundant
mycelium ; apex smooth and slightly papillate, emergent.

Asci cylindrical, scarcely attenuated below ; *2 to *25 mm. long
by -006 to -007 mm. wide.

Sporiaia eight ; uniseriate, uniseptate, acuminate, lanceolate,
hyaline ; *015 to *02 mm. long by *0035 to *0045 mm. wide.

Hypomyces lateritius, Tulasne. Sel. Fung. Carp, hi., p. 62, and

ii., p. 273, t. 30, f. 5.

„ Ann. Sc. Nat., Ser. iv. 1860, p.

11.

,, „ Fuckel Symb. Mycol., p. 182.

„ „ Karsten Myc. Fenn. n., p. 211.

„ „ Cooke Handbk., p. 779.

,, ,, Saccardo. Mich, p, 285.

„ ,, Plow. Exs, i. No. 5.

„ „ Stevenson Myc. Scot., p. 359.

Merulius helvelloides. Sow., t. 402.

Hypolyssus ventricosus. Pers. Myc. Eur. n., p. 7.

Agaric delicieux, var. denaturee. Secret. Myc. Helv. i., p. 567.
Lapacendro infarinato. Venturi Stud. Myc., p. 40, t. 13, f. 122

123.

Sphseria lateritia. Fries Sys. Myc. n., p. 338.

„ „ Fries Elench. n., p. 66.

,, ,, Moug. and Nest. fasc. xiv., No. 1334.

„ „ Currey Linn. Trans. (1858), p. 267, t. 46, f.

47.

„ „ Kunze. Myc Heft, n., p. 42.

,, ,, Berk. Eng. FI. v., pt. n., p. 238.

4

42

A MONOGRAPH OF THE BRITISH IIYPOMYCES.

Hypocrea lateritia. Fries Sum. Veg. Sc., p. 383.
j, „ Mazer. PI. Cryp. Gall, xvi., 776.

„ „ Berk. Outlines, p. 383.

On the hymenium of Lactarius deliciosus. Whitfield and Merry-
hill Common, near Hereford, 1874; Coed Coch, Oct., 1880.

This is quite distinct from Hypomyces torminosus , with which it
seems to be confounded by some Continental fungologists. It is
thicker, more fleshy, and, especially in the earlier stages, frosted
over with white meal.

Plate 148 A. a. Lactarius deliciosus with its Hypomyces. Nat. size.

b. Perithecia enlarged.

c. Perithecium x 140.

d. Asci and sporidia X 400.

e. Sporidia X 800.

4. Hypomyces toxminosus, Tul. Perithecia small, spherical,
depressed, honey-coloured, papillate, papilla darker; -24 mm. in
diameter ; produced amongst the floccose subiculum, which varies
in amount and colour.

Asci elongate, cylindrical ; *112 mm. long by ’006 to *007 mm.
wide.

Sporidia eight, uniseriate, uniseptate, lanceolate, acuminate,
very pale yellow ; *018 to *02 mm. long, by *004 to *0045 mm.
wide.

Hypomyces torminosus. Tul. Sel. Fung. Carp, hi., p. 40.

„ „ Cooke Hdbk., p. 779.

„ „ Plow. Sph. Brit, n., No. 4.

Nectria torminosa. Mont. Syll., p. 225, No. 788.

Hypocrea floccosa. Fries Sum. Veg. Sc., p. 564.

„ ,, Berk, and Br. Ann. N. H., No. 593.

„ „ Berk. Outl., p. 383.

On the hymenium of Lactarius torminosus. Kings Cliffe,
M. J. B. ; Dinmore Hill, Oct., 1874, 1878, C. B. P.

At first forming a thin white floccose web upon the gills of the
Lactarius, which gradually becomes pale yellow, then honey-
coloured, and eventually, when the specimen dries, assuming a
chocolate-brown hue.

Plate 148 B. a. Lactarius torminosus with its Hypomyces. Nat. size.

b. Perithecia X 20.

c. Perithecium X 140.

e. Asci and sporidia X 400.

f. Free sporidia X 800.

5. Hypomyces xosellus, Tul. Conidia : Flocci aggregate, branched,
white, branchlets numerous, 3-6, verticellate, bearing terminal
conidia, which are hyaline, cylindrico-oblong, obtuse ; 2 or more,
usually 3, septate ; ’025 to ’035 mm. long by *01 to *013 mm.
wide.

Perithecia gregarious, emerging from a thin subiculum of an
open texture, which is at first white, then rose-coloured ; spheroid-

PL. 148.

GREVILLEA

a. Hypomyces lateritius.

b. Hypomyces torminosus.

..rf

A MONOGRAPH OF THE BRITISH HYPOMYCES.

43

ovoid, with an obtuse or acute papilla ; deep rose-red, variable in
size.

Asci narrow, linear ; *15 mm. long by *0065 mm. wide.

Sporidia eight ; uniseriate, narrowly lanceolate ; apiculate at
both ends, straight or curved, nucleate or spuriously 1-3 septate,
often subunequilateral, hyaline; *022 to ‘037 mm. long by *005 to
*007 mm. wide.

Hypomyces rosellus. Tulasne Sel. Fung. Carp, n., p. 273, t. 30,
f. 6-9; hi., p. 45, t. 5 and t. 6, f. 1-18.

„ „ Ann. Sc. Nat., 1860, p. 12.

„ „ Karsten Myc. Fenn. n., p. 208.

„ „ Saccardo Mich, i., p. 285.

„ ,, Stevenson Myc. Scot., p. 359.

„ „ Cooke Handbk., p. 778, in part.

„ „ Plow. Sph. Brit, hi., No. 4.

Conidia :

Trichothecium agaricinum. Bonord, t. 5, f. 114.

„ candidum. Bonord, t. 8, f. 167.

Dactylium dendroides. Fries Sys. Myc. n., p. 441.

Fries Sum. Veg. Sc., p. 491.

Berk. Eng. Flor. v., pt. 2, p. 345.
Berk. Outlines, p. 351.

Cooke Hdbk., p. 778.

Cooke Quek. Journ., 1870, t. 4.

Pers. Syn., p. 18.

Fries Sys. Myc. n., p. 338.

Alb. & Schw., p. 38, t. 7, f. 3.

Fries Sys. Myc. m., p. 441.

Nees., p. 318, t. 44, f. 362.

Grev., Crypt. FI. t. 138.

Currey Linn. Trans, xxn., p. 314, t. 57, f. 3.
Berk. & Broome Ann. N. H. No., 971, t. 17,
f. 24a.

Cooke Hdbk., p. 784.

Nectria rosella. Fries Sum. Yeg. Sc., p. 388.

„ „ Berk. Outlines, p. 393.

Hypomyces roseus. Fuckel Sym. Myc., p. 182.

„ „ Saccardo Mich, i., p. 285.

Upon various decaying fungi, Stereum hirsutum most frequently,
and upon the ground near where fungi have decayed.

There are two varieties of this species, one with larger, pointed
perithecia, as figured by Greville and by Albertini and Schweinitz ;
the other with smaller and more obtuse perithecia. The sporidia
vary a good deal in size, as does the colour of the subiculum, which
is sometimes nearly absent. Sometimes it is almost white, but
mostly rose-coloured, with a whitish circumference. Fuckel’s H.
roseus does not seem to differ from the type species except in the

Ascophore
Sphseria rosea.

» . ”
Sphseria rosella.

>5 »

Nectria Albertini.

44

A MONOGRAPH OF THE BRITISH HYPOMYCES.

size of the sporidia. This species is totally distinct from the
species pointed out by Messrs. Berkeley and Broome in the
“ Annals of Natural History,” No. 971# and described in this
monograph as Hypomyces Berkleyanus.

Plate 149 . a. Fungus nat. size.

b. Perithecia X 14.

c. Perithecium X 120.

d. Conidia X 400.

e. Asci and sporidia x 400.

/. Sporidia X 800.

6. Hypomyces aurantius, Tul. Conidia : Mycelium creeping,
branched, septate, white (becoming orange), sending up erect
branched, verticillate, conidiiferous threads, which bear upon their
apices ovate or obovate, hyaline, unequally uniseptate, slightly
constricted conidia *016 to '018 mm. long by *008-*01 mm. wide

Perithecia springing from a more or less abundant effused,
floccose, ochraceous subiculum, which is often white circumferen-
tially, crowded, subcontluent, spherical, with a conoid-attenuate
apex, golden yellow or orange ; *3 mm. in diameter.

Asci cylindrical ; ‘11 to ‘14 mm. long by '006 mm. wide.

Sporidia eight ; uniseriate, linear lanceolate, acute, often apicu-
late at either end; uniseptate or bipartite ; hyaline, curved ; *015
to '024 mm. long by *004 to *006 mm. wide.

Hypomyces aurantius.

Sphasria aurantia.

m a

»> » .

Sphaeria aurantiacea.

Sphaeria aurea.
Nectria aurantia.

Tulasne Sel. Fung. Carp, hi., p. 43.
Fuckel Sym. Myc., p. 183.

Cooke Hdbk., p. 777.

Saccardo Mich, i., p. 285.

Stevenson Myc. Scot., p. 359.

Plow. Sph. Brit, i., No. 4.

Fries Sys. Myc. n., p. 440.

Pers. Syn., p. 68.

Pers. leones et Des., t. 11, f. 4.
Nees., f. 362.

Alb. & Schw., p. 35.

Schw. Fung. Car. Sup., No. 170.
Currey Linn. Trans., t. 57, f. 6.
Berk. Eng. Flor. v., pt. 2, p. 259.
Gray Nat. Arr. i., p. 526.

Grev., Crypt. FI. t. 47.

Fries Sum. Yeg. Sc., p. 388.

Berk. Outlines, p. 393.

On various Polyporei and the tougher Agaricini , Polyporus
squamosus, versicolor , adusta, &c. ; also on Panus torulosus.
Keffley Wood, Kings Lynn, Nov., 1879.

This species varies very much in the amount and colour of the
subiculum. Sometimes this is nearly absent, it being invisible to
the naked eye. The perithecia are then often crowded together in
clusters, as Greville’s figure (t. 47) represents. At other times the

GREVILLEA

PL. 149

Hypomyces rosellus. jL 8( S.

A MONOGRAPH OF THE BRITISH HYPOMYCES.

45

subiculum spreads widely, producing only here and there a few
scattered perithecia. Some of Greville’s specimens of Crypto -
sphceria aurantia (t. 78) are undoubtedly this species.

Plate 150 . a. Conidia on an old Polyporus. Nat. size.

b. Conidia X400.

c. Hypomyces on Panus torulosus. Nat. size.

d. Perithecia X 20.

e. Perithecium X 140.

f. Asci and sporidia X 400.

g. Sporidia X 800.

7. Hypomyces ochxaceus, Tub Conidia: Tufts effused, wooly,
white ; flocci erect, septate, pellucid ; branches and branchlets
subulate, verticil late, patent ; conidia diaphanous, ovate, obovate,
or oblong, straight, usually simple, sometimes uniseptate ; *05-*06
mm. long by *004-*006 mm. wide.

Chlamydospores produced by the deeper and larger flocci in linear
series of 2-4 ; each chlamydospore is globose, *02-*03 mm. wide,
slightly rough, at first white, becoming dirty or vinous-red.

Perithecia crowded, roundish, yellowish, universal, with a short,
thick, obtuse exserted mouth, seated upon a subiculum, which is at
first white, then straw-coloured, ochraceous, and yellow.

Asci linear, cylindrical ; *025-*03 mm. long by *0065 mm. wide.
Sporidia eight ; oblong-lanceolate, uniseptate, constricted,
mucronate at each end ; *035 mm. long by *0065 mm. wide.

Hypomyces ochraceus. Till. Sel. Fung. Carp, in., p. 41, t. 6, f.
19-20, t. 7.

Tul. Ann. Sc. Nat., 1860, p. 12.

Cooke Hdbk., p. 777.

Conidia :

Mucor dendroides., Bull, t. 504, f. 9.

Botrytis agaricina Link Obs. p. 15 ; Sp. Plant, vi., p. 54.

„ „ Ditmar, Sturm. FI. t. 51.

„ „ Grev., Crypt. FI. t. 126.

„ „ Pers. Myc. Europ. i., p. 34.

Botrytis dendroides. Pers. Myc. Kurop. i.,p. 34.

Verticillium agaricinum. Corda leones n., p. 15, t. x, f. 68.

Chlamydospores :

Blastotrichum puccinoides. Preuss Sturm, xxv., t. 11
Ascophore :

Sphaeria ochracea. Pers. Syn.,p. 18.

„ ,, Pers. Mycol. Europ. i., t. 1, f. 1-2.

Cry ptosph seria aurantia. Grev, t. 78.

I have never met with this species, which seems more inclined
to affect the fleshy Agaricini. Tulasne records it upon Russula
emetica , and advsta. Ditmar’s figure of the conidia is upon a
Russula as well as Greville’s figure of the conidia (t. 126) and of
the perithecia (t. 78.) It is only right, however, to state that
some of Greville’s specimens now extant in the Kew Herbarium

46 •

A MONOGRAPH OF THE BRITISH HYPOMYCES.

are clearly H. aurantivs ; but H. aurantius was never known by me
to occur upon a Russula. In the Edinburgh Herbarium, there is a
specimen upon some Agaric which looks very like H. torminosus.

Plate 150 bis. a. Hypomyces. Nat. size.

b. Perithecia X 15.

c. Perithecium X 60.

d. Conidia X 400.

e. Asci and sporidia X 400.

/. Free sporidia X 800.

8. Hypomyces Tulasneanus. Plow. Conidia hyaline, oval,

smooth, borne singly on the end of branches of the mycelium ;
•OC^-’OlSmm. long by -005-*006 mm. wide.

Chlamydospores large, yellow, narrowly oval, with an attenu-
ated apex, attached at the base to the dilated extremity of a hyaline
mycelial tube ; ‘016-'02 mm. long by *01 mm. wide.

Perithecia small, ovato-globose, with a rather obtuse ostiola,
which emerge from a dirty, yellowish green, thin subiculum ; 0*25
mm. long by ’02 wide.

Asci elongate, cylindrical, ,12-,15 mm. long by ‘01 mm. wide.
Sporidia eight, hyaline, lanceolate, usually simple, ’02- *025 mm.
long by *008 mm. wide.

Hypomyces luteo-virens. Tul. Sel. Fung. Carp, in., p. 57,

t. 8, f. 15-16.

,, „ Cooke Hdbk., p. 778.

Sphaeria luteo-virens. Fries Sys. Myc. n. , p. 339, in part.

Hypocrea luteo-virens. Fr. Sum. Yeg. Sc., p. 383, in part.

„ „ Berk. & Broome Ann. N. H., No. 594.

„ „ Currey Linn. Trans, xxn., t. 46, f. 53.

On Boletus, Laxton, M. J. B. On Boletus. Mattishall. Sep.,
1880, C. B. P.

This species is quite distinct from H. luteo-virens of Fries. It
is much less brightly coloured, has very distinct chlamydospores,
and affects Boleti.

Plate 152. 1. a. Boletus infested with the Hypomyces. Nat. size.

b. Perithecium x 20.

c. Perithecia x 140.

d. Chlamydospores X 400.

e. Asci and sporidia X 400.

f. Sporidia X 800.

9. Hypomyces luteo-virens, Fries. Conidia oval, hyaline,
born on the tips of hyaline, verticillate, trivaricately branched
tubes. Stroma, a widely effused, thin tomentum, at first bright
egg-yellow, becoming greenish, then almost black.

Perithecia minute, crowded, ovoid or spherical with a conical
apex. Emergent, pallid, the free portion becoming brown or
nearly black ; -38 mm. high, *3 mm. wide.

Asci cylindrical, *16 mm. long by *007 to *008 mm. wide.

Sporidia eight, uniseriate, elongato-elliptic, acute, straight,
mucronate at either end, greenish or yellowish, hyaline, simple,
•628 to *03 mm. long by ’005 to *006 mm. wide.

PL. 150.

Hypcmyoes aur antius. <Tul.

GREVILLEA

PL. 150.

Hypomyaes ochraceus. ‘Tul.

GREVILLEA

PL. 152.

1. Hypomyces (Tulasneavyus . Cke. (PI.
Hypomyces luteo-virens. Fr..

A MONOGRAPH OF THE BRITISH HYPOMYCES.

47

Hypomyces viridis. Berk. & Broome. Ann. N. H., No. 1101.*

„ „ Karsten. Mvc Fenn. n., p. 211.

„ „ Saccardo. Mich i., p. 286.

„ ,, Phillips & Plow. Grey, vm., p. 104, t. 130,

f. 1 ( a-e ).

Sphseria viridis. Alb. & Schw. Consp., p. 8, t. 6., f. 8.

„ luteo-virens. Fries Sys. Myc. n., p. 339.

On various agarics, especially Lactarii. Bay’s Plantation,
South Wootton, 1878-9-80, C. B. P.

This is a very marked species, which I have had one opportunity
of watching through various stages of its development. It
attacks the fungus (usually as Lactarius) before it appears above
ground. In this early state, the agaric looks as if it had been
dipped in the yolk of an egg. So completely were my specimens
infected, that it was impossible to identify the host beyond being
an agaric. In a short time the yellow colour darkens and be-
comes a dirty cinereous green, more or less dark in tint. The
affected agaric usually increases pari passu with the Hypomyces ,
and does not tend to putrefaction to any abnormal degree.

Plate 152. 2. a. Portion of Lactarius with the Hypomyces. Nat. size.

b. Perithecia enlarged.

c. Perithecium X 140.

d. Sterile threads of conidia X 400.

e. Asci and sporidia X 400.

/. Sporidia X 800.

10. Hypomyces terrestris, Plow. Boud. Conidia parasitic
upon agarics, consisting of branched hyaline septate tubes, bear-
ing at their extremities oval or pyriform conidia, which are filled
with transparent, granular endochrome ; *025 to *03 mm. long by
•01 mm. wide.

Stroma at first a mere web of white arachnoid threads, spreading
over the ground, which gradually becomes thicker and consolidates
into Corticium-\ike patches of from 1 to 2 c.m. in diameter, of a
pale flesh colour.

Perithecia subglobose, at first immersed in the stroma, then
nearly half free, reddish in colour ; ‘3 mm. in diameter. Ostiola
conoid red.

Asci cylindrical ; *15 to ’2 mm. long by *015 mm. wide.

Sporidia eight, fusiform, acute, sometimes appendiculated,
hyaline, uniseriate; #03 to *04 mm. long by '008 to *01 mm. wide.

Hypomyces terrestris. Plow, fy Boud. Grevillea vm., p.
105, pi. 130, f. 2.

On the ground, beneath or in close proximity to the place in
which the conidiiferous agaric has decayed.

North Wootton, 1874-80. Leziate, 1880.

The conidia, in this county, occur most frequently upon Lactarius
rufus. During the process of decay thus engendered in the agaric,
the stroma of the Hypomyces makes its appearance upon the
ground beneath it, which in due time produces perithecia and

48

A MONOGRAPH OF THE BRITISH HYPOMYCES.

sporidia. If, however, the conidiiferous agaric be by any accident
removed while the development of the Hypomyces is in its
earlier stages, ascigerous fructification is not produced. M.
Boudier has sent me this fungus from Montmorency.

Plate 153. a. Fnngus nat. size. Plate 153. d. conidia X 400.

b. perithecia ' enlarged. e. Asci and sporidia X 400.

c. perithecium X 100. /. sporidia X 800.

11. Hypomyces Broomeianus, Tul. Conidia hyaline, oval ;
borne on the extremities of branched, septate, hyaline tubes, which
form a subiculum around the perithecia; *005 to *007 mm. in
length.

Perithecia ovate, acute, clad with a dense short wool, except im-
mediately around the ostiola ; *25 to *5 mm. high by *18 mm. wide.
Asci linear, cylindrical ; *13 to *14 mm. long by *0035 mm. wide.
Sporidia eight ; linear, lanceolate, straight, uniseptate ; *013
mm. long by *0035 mm. wide.

Hypomyces Broomeianus. Tulasne Sel. Carp. Fung, hi., p. 108.

„ ,, Berk. & Broome Ann. N. H., No. 1175,

t. 5, f. 3.

„ „ Cooke Hdbk., p. 778.

„ „ Plow. Sph. Brit, hi., No. 5.

„ ,, Saccardo Mich, i., p. 286.

Hypocrea luteo-virens. Berk. & Broome Ann. N. H., No. 1101.*

,, „ Babh. Exs., No. 751.

Batheaston, Nov. On Polypoi'us annosus , C. E. B. ; Castle
Bising, Nov., C. B. P.

This minute species seems to be confined to the above Polyporus,
over dead and living specimens of which it runs indiscriminately.

Plate 154. a. Portion of Polyporus annosus with its parasite. "Nat. size.

b. Perithecia enlarged.

c. Perithecia X 140.

d. Conidia highly magnified.

e. Asci and sporidia X 400.

f. Sporidia X 800.

12. Hypomyces Berkleyanus, Plow. $ Cooke. Perithecia seated
upon a delicate rose-coloured or pallid subiculum, globose or ovate,
with a minute ostidolum ; *32 mm. in diameter.

Asci cylindrical; *01 to *012 mm. long by -007 to *008 mm.
wide.

Sporidia eight ; oval or oblong, blunt at both ends, hyaline, uni-
septate, uniseriate ; *008 mm. long by *003 to *004 mm. wide.

Hypomyces rosellus. Cooke Hdbk., p. 778, in part.

Nectria rosella. B. & Br. Ann. Nat. Hist., No. 971, t. 17, f. 24b.

Downton, Herefordshire, Oct., 1878. On dead Stereum hirsutum.
Sandringham, Nov., 1878. On dead wood, covered by some Cor-
ticium.

This species is far more uncommon than H. rosellus , from which

GREVILLEA PL. 153.

Hyponnyoes terrestris. (Plow, fy I$oud.

GREVILLEA

PL. 154.

GREVILLEA

PL. 155.

Hypomyces cervinus, tful.

Hypomyces Linkii. ^Tul .

c. x wo.

V

e.xSoo.

Hypomyces J^ei'keleyanus. C fy (P.

GREVILLEA

PL 156-

Hypomyoes aureo -nitens. .Qui.

A MONOGRAPH OF THE BRITISH HYPOMYCES.

49

it is instantly distinguished by its much smaller, obtuse, Nectria-
like sporidia.

Plate 155, Fig. 1. a. Hypomyces on old Stereum.

b. Perithecia.

c. Perithecium X 100.

d. Asci and sporidia X 400.

e. Free sporidia X 800.

13. Hypomyces auxeo-nitens, Tul. Conidia minute, hyaline,
oval ; *003 to ‘004 mm. long by *002 mm. wide ; in short chains,
born terminally upon tassel-like heads.

Perithecia globose, obtuse, shining golden yellow, granular, not
distinctly cellular, small ; ’3 mm. high, *25 mm. wide, nestling
amongst the golden subiculum.

Asci linear; *07 mm. long by *005 mm. wide.

Sporidia eight ; uniseriate, ovato-oblong, uniseptate, constricted,
acute at either end; *01 to ‘013 mm. long by *003 mm. wide.

Hypomyces aureo-nitens. Tulasne Sel. Carp. Fung, in., p. 64.

Saccardo Mich, i., p. 258.

On Stereum hirsutum. Pwllycrochon Wood, North Wales, 11th
Oct., 1880.

^ Plate 156. a. Hypomyces on hymenium of an old Stereum. Nat. size.

b. Tuft of conidia X 40.

c. Conidia X 400.

d. Apex of thread conidia x 800.

e. Perithecia X 15.

f. Perithecium X 140.

g. Asci and sporidia X 400.

h. Free sporidia X 800.

14. Hypomyces violaceus, Tul. Conidia : Mycelium very deli-
cate, white, branching divaricately, bearing hyaline, oval, or linear
oblong conidia, which are sometimes septate, straight, or curved ;
01 to *022 mm. long by *005 to -007 mm. wide.

Chlamy do spores broadly ovate, obtuse at both ends, smoky-
brown ; -023 to -029 mm. long by -016 to *022 mm. wide.

Perithecia globose, very small, with obtuse ostiola, emergent,
purplish violet.

Asci narrow, linear ; *055 to *06 mm. long by *004 mm. wide.
Sporidia eight ; very small, oblong, obtuse at either end,
straight or slightly unequal, simple or uniseptate, hyaline ; ‘006 to
*007 mm. long by ’002 to *003 mm. wide.

Hypomyces violaceus. Tulasne Sel. Carp. Fung, hi., p. 60.

„ „ Ann. Sc. Nat., Ser. 4, xm., 1860, p. 14.

„ ,, Fuckel Sym. Myc., p. 183.

,, ,, Karst. Myc. Fenn. n., p. 211.

„ „ Karst. Exs., 270, 379.

„ „ Saccardo Mich, i., p. 286.

„ „ Phillips & Plow., Grev. vm., p. 104.

Sphasria violacea. Schm. in Herb. Kunze.

„ „ Fries Sys. Myc. n., p. 441.

50

A MONOGRAPH OF THE BRITISH HYPOMYCE8.

On (Ethalium septicum ( Fuligo varians ) in an old sawpit at
Cawdor Castle, N.B., Sept., 1879.

Plate 157, Fig. 1. a. Hypomyces on CEthalium. Nat. size.

b. Perithecia.

c. Perithecium X 100.

e. Asci and sporidia X 420.

/. Free sporidia X 800.

g. Chlamydospores.

h. Conidia.

15. Hypomyces candicans, Plow. Perithecia globose, gre-
garious, upon and surrounded by a floccose, white mycelium, woolly
except the ostiolum, which is naked, subhyaline ; *2 mm. high by
about -15 mm. wide.

Asci cylindrical, rarely subclavate ; *05 to '06 mm. long by *003
to *005 mm. wide.

Sporidia oblong, oval, blunt at both ends, rarely uniseptate,
binucleate, sometimes very highly constricted at the septum,
generally uniseptate ; *008 mm. long by 003 mm. wide.

On some Myxogaster. Leziate, Aug., 1880; Bathford Down,
Oct., 1880.

Plate 157, Fig. 2. a. Hypomyces candicans. Nat. size.

6. Group of Perithecia enlarged.

c. Perithecium X 80.

d. Asci and sporidia X 400.

e. Sporidia X 800.

16. Hypomyces Linkii, Tul. Conidia ovate, oblong, or cylin-
drical, simple, rarely bilocular; *01 to *02 mm. long by *007 mk.
wide ; smooth, colourless, born singly on the ends of the branches
of the mycelium.

Chlamydospores spherical, rose-coloured, verrucose, subtrans-
parent ; *03 mm. in diameter; born on the swollen end of a
floccus.

Perithecia unknown.

Hypomyces Linkii. Tulasne Sel. Fung. Carp, hi., p. 44.

„ „ Tulasne Ann. Sc. Nat., 1860, p. 16.

„ „ Saccardo Mich, i., p. 284.

,, „ Fuckel Symb. Myc., p. 182.

Mycogone rosea. Link. Obs. i., 16 ; Berl. Mag. hi., 1809, p
Sp., p. 29.

,, „ Willd. Sp. Plant vi., p. 29.

,, „ Chev. Fung, et Bvss, t. 15.

„ „ Tulasne Act. Heb. Ac. Science, 1855, p. 616.

Mycogone incarnata. Pers. Myc. Europ. i., p. 26.

Sepedonium roseum. Fries Sys. Myc. hi., p. 438.

„ „ Fries Sum. Veg. Sc., p. 497.

„ „ Berk. Eng. FI. v., Pt. ii., p. 351.

„ „ Berk. & Broome N. H., No. 132.

,, „ Berk. Outlines, p. 355.

18;

>»

GREVILLEA

PL. 157.

Hypomyces candicans, (plow.

A MONOGRAPH OF THE BRITISH HYPOMYCES.

51

Sepedonium roseum. Cooke Hdbk., p. 620.

„ „ Stevenson Myc. Scot., p. 286.

Mycobanche rosea. Wallr. FI. Cryp. Germ., p. 273.

Puccinia mycogone. Corda. leones i., p. 6, m., f. 99.

On Agaricus rubescens , Dr. Cooke; on the stem of a decaying
Boletus , North Wootton, 1880, C. P. B.

Tulasne’s specimens occurred on Ag. rubescens and A. rimosus in
the neighbourhood of Paris.

Plate 155, Pig. 3. a. Agaricus rubescenB attacked with Hypomyces
Linkii. Nat. size.

6. Microconidia X 400.
c. Macroconidia X 400.

17. Hypomyces cervinus, Tul. Conidia hyaline, ovate or
lanceolate- oblong, simple or rarely uniseptate, borne on the ends of
the filaments in a densely fasciculate manner, or sometimes sub-
solitary ; *013-*016 mm. long by *003 to *0035 mm. wide.

Chlamydospores nearly globose, rough, fawn-coloured, borne
singly on the ends of the flocci, which are dilated at their extremi-
ties.

Perithecia unknown.

Hypomyces cervinus. Tulasne Sel. Fung. Carp, in., p. 51.

,, „ Tulasne Ann. Sc. Nat., 1860, p. 16.

„ ,, Fuckel Sys. Myc., p. 182.

„ ,, Saccardo Mich, i., p. 285.

Mycogone cervina. Ditmar Sturm, i., p. 107, t. 53.

,, „ Pers. Mycol. Europ. i., p. 26.

„ „ Link. Sp. Plant vi., p. 30.

,, ,, Berk. Introd., p. 304.

„ „ Rabh. Exs., 672.

Racodium mycobanche. Pers. Myc. Europ. i., p. 72.

Sepedonium cervinum. Fries Sys. Myc. in., p. 439.

Mycobanche cervina. Wall. FI. Germ, n., p. 273.

Puccinia cervina. Corda. leones in., p. 4, t. 1, f. 12.
Sporotrichum fungorum. Corda. leones in., p. 4, t. 1, f. 12.]

On Morchella esculenta , Castle Rising, 1871 ; on Peziza aceta-
bulum, May, 1872, C. P. B. ; on Peziza macropus , Sufton Court,
Hereford, Oct., 1878, M. C. C.

At first appearing as a white floccose spot, which soon deve-
lops the fawn-coloured chlamydospores towards the centre in
great profusion, so that in a very short time the affected fungus
looks as if it had been dusted with snuff.

Plate 155, Fig. 2. a. Peziza acetabulum attacked by Hypomyces cer-
vinus. Nat. size.

b. Microconidia X 400.

c. Macroconidia X 400.

52

EXPERIMENTS UPON THE HETERCECISM OF THE
UREDINES.

By Charles B. Plowright.

The following thirty-five experiments are a portion of two series
of experimental cultures conducted during the years 1881 and
1882 upon the physiology of the Uredines. They are published at
the request of several of my friends who are interested in the sub-
ject, and who considered further evidence upon the phenomena of
hetercecism desirable. It may be observed that the species with
which these experiments were commenced, and which was the prime
cause of their performance at all, was the ^Ecidium upon Berberis
vulgaris. In the summer of 1881 a number of cultures were made
with the spores of this fungus upon wheat ; the result obtained was
that in twelve out of thirteen of these experiments Uredo lineans
followed the infection of the plants with the iEcidium spores ; but
in no less than eleven of them did the Uredo appear upon the un-
infected wheat plants kept as control plants * The consequence
was that my faith in the heteroecismal character of this species was
so much shaken that I was hardly able to believe in it at all.

During the spring and summer of the present year (1882), how-
ever, a second series of experiments was instituted, which had not
been long in existence before overwhelming evidence of the
heteroecismal nature of several species was forthcoming. In these
cultures various and less common Uredines were employed, so that
the error of accidental sporadic infection, it is scarcely possible to
believe, could have taken place time after time, with species after
species. To take, for instance, the Pwstelice. Of all heteroecismal
cultures the easiest successfully to conduct are those in which the
Podisomce are employed as infecting material ; at least such is my
experience, although Prof. Fallow has not been so successful with
his cultures^ in America. On every occasion upon which I have
infected hawthorns with Podisoma juniperi, and pears with P.
sabinae , the corresponding Fcestelice have been produced. Now
both these Roestelice are very uncommon plants near Kings Lynn.
With Gymno sporangium juniperi upon mountain ash, four out of
five cultures were successful, which is the more noteworthy when
it is remembered that the Gymnosporangium was sent from Forres,
in the north of Scotland (some 400 miles away), by my friend the
Rev. James Keith, it being a plant that does not grow in this
district.

All the cultures of Puccinia gramins on barberry were successful,
the control plants remaining free from the fungus.

* Plowright, “ Grevillea,” vol. x., p. 40.

t Farlow, “ The Gymnosporangia of the United States,” pp. 34, 35.

EXPERIMENTS UPON THE HETERGECISM OF THE UREDINES. 53

With A Ecidium berberidis on wheat the three experiments per-
formed were all entirely successful, the check plant remaining free
from the fungus. Both the infected and the control plants in these
last-named experiments were raised under bellglasses, and covered
by them continuously, except for the few minutes necessary to per-
form the infection, until the end of the experiment, so that the
source of error from accidental atmospheric infection was reduced to
a minimum.

The culture of Peridermium pini on the common groundsel
(, Senecio vulgaris) has with me been one of the most difficult to
perform. After several successive failures, however, I succeeded
in two instances in producing the Coleosporium.

By the infection of Poa annua with the spores of A Ecidium
tussilaginis , the Puccinia poarum of Nielsen was in three out of four
cultures produced — a Puccinia hitherto unknown in Britain.

Perhaps the most interesting of the series, however, was the
production of ^Ecidium zonale on Inula dysenterica (also a fungus
new to the British flora) by infection with Uromyces junci. This
was successful in every experiment. The actual demonstration of
this hetercecism had not hitherto, I believe, been made, although
Fuckel# had the strongest ground for believing it to exist.

In one of these experiments some fragments of Juncus obtu-
sifflorus, with numerous pustules of Uromyces , in active germina-
tion, on them, were placed upon the upper leaves of a plant of
Inula dysenterica ; in the course of ten or fifteen days these leaves
began to show the yellow spots, which were the forerunners of the
Ecidium. By this time the plant had grown taller, and had
developed fresh leaves above those on which the Juncus had been
placed. The fragments of Juncus were then removed from the
leaves, on which they had been in the first instance placed, to the
healthy, recently expanded leaves above, where in due course the
AZcidium was developed. It was very interesting to observe how
the yEcidium could thus be produced in successive crops.

Podisoma sabince and Rcestelia cancellata.

Exp. 2. — Six pear seedlings had fragments of Podisoma sabince
placed on each on 19th April ; on 6th May the spermogonia of
Rcestelia cancellata appeared on them.

Exp. 6. — Three pear seedlings were infected on the 13th
April with Podisoma sabince ; on 24th April yellow spots appeared ;
on 6th May spermogonia were abundant on all three plants.

Exp. 10. — Four pear seedlings infected with Podisoma sabince
on 14th April at 8 a.m. On 6th May every plant had spermogonia
on it.

Exp. 25. — 11th May. Some Podisoma sabince , which had been
soaked for 48 hours in water in a watch-glass, was placed on some
leaves of a pear tree in Mr. T. Pung’s garden. Having some
doubt of the efficacy of the material, these leaves were reinfected on

* Fuckel, “Symbol. Mycol.,” p. 61.

54 EXPERIMENTS UPON THE HETERCECISM OF THE UREDINES.

the 25th May. On 11th June spermogonia appeared on one leaf.
There were many pear trees in this garden, but this was the only
pear leaf on which the fungus could be found. This leaf was
gathered during the last week of September, and exhibited at Here-
ford. It never got beyond the spermogonial condition.

Podisoma juniperi and Roestelia lacerata.

Exp. 4. — Two thorn seedlings ( Crataegus oxyacantha) infected
on 10th April with Podisoma juniperi. On 24th abundance of
spermogonia ; on 25th May perfect Roestelia lacerata on both these
plants.

Exp. 5. — Three similar plants were on 7th April infected with
Podisoma juniperi very freely. 24th April the leaves were yellow
with spermogonia ; 2 5th May perfect Roestelia was produced.

Exp. 15. — Two similar plants infected on 17th April. On 6th
May spermogonia noted, and on 3rd June the perfect Roestelia on
both plants.

Exp. 16. — Three similar plants infected on 17th April. On
6th May spermogonia noted, and on 3rd June the perfect Roestelia
on all these plants.

Exp. 27. — On 11th May the leaves on the lower branch of a
hawthorn tree in Mr. T. Pung’s garden were infected with
Podisoma juniperi. On the 21st the spermogonia appeared on five
leaves, which in due time developed into the perfect Roestelia. On
no other part of this tree, nor on any other thorn, either bush or
hedge, in this garden, was any specimen of either the spermogonia
or the perfect fungus to be seen.

Gymno sporangium juniperi and Roestelia cornuta.

Exp. 43. — Five small plants of Sorbus aucuparia were on the
29 th May infected with Gymno sporangium juniperi, sent by the
Rev. James Keith from Forres; on 25th July spermogonia appeared
on three leaves ; on 4th September the perfect Roestelia cornuta
was observed.

Exp. 44.— Five similar plants were infected on the 29th May.
On 21st June yellow spots appeared; on 1st July spermogonia
were seen, and on the 4th September the perfect Roestelia.

Exp. 63. — One small mountain ash ( Sorbus aucuparia ) was in-
fected on the 12th June with Gymnosporangium juniperi , sent by
Rev. J. Keith from Forres. On 16th Aug. spermogonia were noted.

Exp. 73. — A similar plant was on the 18th June infected with
the same material. On 1st July spermogonia appeared, and on
30th August the perfect Roestelia. It should be observed that I
had never seen this fungus in Norfolk until it was produced by
artificial infection with the Gymnosporangium.

Puccinia graminis and sEcidium berberidis.

Exp. 11. — On 14th April a three-year-old plant of Berberis
vulgaris was infecte 1 with the germinating teleutospores of Puccinia
graminis (on Triticum repens ), and covered with a large bellglass.
As the supply of infecting material was on this occasion limited,

EXPERIMENTS UPON THE HETERCECISM OF THE UREDINES. 55

the process was completed on the following day (the 15th), and on
the 17th. The bellglass was not removed until the 24th. On 6th
May spermogonia appeared, and on the 24th the perfect sEcidium
was noted on 20 leaves. A precisely similar barberry kept as a
control plant had no sEcidium upon, although grown in the same
garden, and carefully observed throughout the summer.

Exp. 14. — A similar barberry plant was on the 17th April in-
fected with the same material. On the 6th May spermogonia and
on 3rd June perfect sEcidia were noted, the control barberry
remaining free from the fungus.

Exp. 19. — On 9th May a similar barberry was infected. On
25th spermogonia and on 15th June perfect ^ Ecidia were noted.
The control barberry remained free from the fungus.

AZcidium berberidis and Puccinia graminis.

Exp. 48. — 24 wheat seedlings growing in a flower pot, which
had been continually covered by a bellglass from the day the wheat
was sown, were on 23rd May infected with ripe spores of sEcidium
berberidis , sent for the purpose by Mrs. Howell, of Drayton Rectory.
On the 3rd June sickly yellow spots appeared on some of the plants ;
on the following day (4th June) true Ureco linearis made its appear-
ance. On 8th June the pot was removed from the garden into a
room in the house, and the diseased plants removed. By the 30th
every plant had the parasite on it. A similar pot of wheat seed-
lings grown under exactly similar conditions, but not infected with
sEcidium spores, remained free from Uredo.

Exp. 80. — Five wheat plants which had been reared under a
bellglass were on the 28th June infected with sEcidium berberidis
spores from Exp. 14; on 17th June Uredo appeared on one leaf,
and three days later on the others. The five control wheat plants
remained healthy.

Exp. 81. — Many wheat seedlings reared under a bellglass were
on 28th June infected with sEcidium berberidis spores; on 16th
August Uredo was noted on them. A similar pot of wheat seed-
lings not infected with the iEcidia spores remained healthy.

Puccinia caricis and Mcidium urticae.

Exp. 2. — On the 8th April three plants of Urtica dioica were
planted in a flower pot ; around them was laid a quantity of Carex
hirta , with last year’s Puccinia caricis on it. The pot was covered
by a bellglass, and freely watered. On 2nd May two of the plants
were heavily affected with sEcidium urticae ; on 6th May the nettles
were planted out, and the Carex straw removed and destroyed.
On 9th May all three plants were much distorted, both on their
stems and on their leaves, with the sEcidium,

sEcidium urticae and Uredo caricis.

Exp. 33. — On May 15th a clump of healthy Carex hirta grown
in a flower pot under a bellglass for three weeks, had two leaves of
nettle with sEcidium on them from the previous experiment (Exp.

56 EXPERIMENTS UPON THE HETERCECISM OF THE UREDINES.

9) laid upon it ; on 15th June Uredo caricis made its appearance,
and by 1st July it had affected many of the Carex leaves.

Exp. 49. — Three scions of Carex hirta from South Wootton
were on the 26th May infected with spores of ^Ecidium urticce ; on
3rd June sickly spots were noted, which five days later (on 8th)
were the site of Uredo pustules. On 21st all the plants were
affected with the Uredo.

Exp. 26 (1881). — Four plants of Carex hirta were infected on
21st July with /Ecidium urticce , and four similar plants kept as
checks. On 15th August Uredo appeared in two of the infected
plants. The check plants remained free from the fungus, as did
33 other individuals of Carex hirta growing in the same garden.

Puccinia magnusiana and sEcidium rumicis.

Exp. 18. — Two plants of Rumex hydrolapathum and two of P.
ohtusifolium were planted in a large flower pot, and surrounded with
leaves of Phragmitis communis, on which the teleutospores of last
year’s Puccinia magnusiana, were abundant. The pot was covered
with a bellglass, and freely watered. On 3rd June red spots
appeared on the leaves of the R. hydrolapathum , which, by the 6th
June, developed into perfect sEcidium rumicis. No sEcidia
appeared on the R. ohtusifolium.

Exp. 32. — Three plants of Rumex hydrolapathum were similarly
surrounded with reed leaves on 15th May. On 6th June perfect
JEcidium rumicis was developed on all three plants.

yEcidium rhamni and Puccinia coronata.

Exp. 55. — A flower pot of seedling oats were infected on 7th
June with sEcidium rhamni. On the 10th July there was an
appearance like Uredo. On 10th August the Uredo of Puccinia
coronata was gathered.

Exp. 76. — A number of oat seedlings were on 23rd June in-
fected with sEcidium rhamni. On 12th June Uredo of P . coronata
appeared.

JEcidium tussilaginis and Puccinia poarum.

Exp. 84. — Four plants of Poa annua were on 29th July infected
with s. Ecidium tussilaginis. On 10th July Uredo appeared, and on
the 18th the perfect Puccinia , which had hitherto not been recorded
as British.

Exp. 85. — Three plants of Poa annua were on the 29th June in-
lected with ZEcidium tussilaginis. On 10th July the Uredo and
on the 18th the Puccinia appeared.

Exp. 86. — A number of plants of Poa annua in a pot were in-
fected with the ^ Ecidium on 29th June. On 10th July the Uredo ,
and on the 18th July the Puccinia appeared.*

* Note Poa annua is a common weed in the garden in which these ex-
periments were pei'formed, as it is in every garden, but on no other plant
of this grass could the Puccinia be found, although careful search was
made, except those upon which the spores of A Ecidium tussilaginis had been
placed.

EXPERIMENTS UPON THE HETERCECISM OF THE UREDINES. 57

Uromyces junci and Mcidium zonale.

Exp. 40. — Germinating Uromyces junci was on the 25th May
placed on three plants of Inula dysenterica. On 4th June yellow
spots appeared on all these plants, which by the 21st developed
into perfect ^ Ecidium zonale.

Exp. 42. — Germinating Uromyces junci was placed on two plants
of Inula dysenterica on 29th May. On 12th June abundant yellow
spots were noticed, which by the 21st had developed into perfect
sEcidium zonale.

Exp. 64. — Three plants of Inula dysenterica were on 8th June
infected with Uromyces junci ; by 30th perfect sEcidium zonale was
abundantly produced on all three plants. To this experiment
three control plants were kept which remained perfectly free from
the fungus.

Peridermium pini and Coleosporium senecionis.

Exp. 31. — Two plants of Senecio vulgaris were on the 13th
May infected with Peridermium pini. On 2nd June the Coleo-
sporium appeared on both plants.

Exp. 54. — Four plants of Senecio vulgaris were on 7th June in-
fected with Peridermium pini. On 28 th the Coleosporium appeared.
Many plants of Senecio vulgaris existed in the garden, but none
of them, either at the time these experiments were performed, nor
before, nor since, have had any trace of the fungus upon them.

AUSTRALIAN FUNGI.

By M. C. Cooke.

( Continued from p. 34.)
GASTEROMYCETES. Fr.

Ord. I. PHALLOIDEI, Fr.

Gen. 1. Phallus, Linn.

Phallus merulinus, Berk. Intell . Obs ., i x.,p. 404.
Queensland.

Phallus tahitensis, Schlecht Biss .

N. S. Wales.

Phallus Nov® Holland!®, Corda. Icon. VI., t. 3, f. 46.

New South Wales.

Phallus multicolor Berli. 8{ Br. Linn. Trans., Ser. 2, ir., 67.
Queensland, N. S. Wales.

Phallus quadricolor, B. & Br. Linn. Trans ri., 68, t. 14.
Queensland.

Phallus vitellinus, Mull, (description unknown).

Victoria.

5

58

AUSTRALIAN FUNGI.

Phallus curtus, Berk. Hook. Journ. Bot., 1845, 69.

W. Australia.

Phallus calyptratus, B. fy Br , Linn. Trans., n., 67.
Queensland.

Phallus aurantiacus, Mont. Ann. Sci.Nat., 1841, 277, t. 16,/. 1.
Queensland.

Phallus Watsoni, Berk. Linn. Journ., xviii., p. 367.

Burnett’s River.

Gen. 2. Cynophallus, Fr.

Cynoph. papuasius, Kalch. Grev. it., p. 74.

Queensland.

Cynoph. Caleyi, BerTc. (Phallus libidinosus, Cayley.)

Clarence River, Queensland.

Gen. 3. Clathrus, Mich.

Clathrus crispus, Turjp. Berk. Ann. Nat. Hist., ix., 446.
Queensland.

Clathrus pusillus, Berk. Hook. Journ. Bot., 1845.

Queensland, W. Australia.

Clathrus hirudinosus, Lev. Ann. Sci. Nat., in.,#: 8.

W. Australia.

Gen. 4. Ileodictyon, Tul.

Xleodictyon gracile. Berk. Hook. Journ. Bot., 1845.

W. Australia, Victoria, Tasmania, N. S. Wales.
Xleodictyon cibarium, Tul. Corda. Icon., vi., 26.

Mount Dromedary.

Gen. 5. Lysurus, Fr.

Lysurus Archeri, Berk. FI. Tasm., n., 264, t. 184.

Tasmania.

Lysurus aserdeformis, Corda. Icon.,yi.,t. 4,/. 3 — 8.
Tasmania.

Gen. 6. Anthurus. Kalch.

Anthurus Mullerianus, Kalch. Phall. Nov., t. 3, /. 3.

Victoria.

Gen. 7. Aseroe, Lahill .

Aseroe rubra, Labill. Voy. Austr., 145.

S. Australia, Victoria, N. S. Wales.

Aseroe pentactina, Endl. Schlecht. Diss., 7.

N. S. Wales.

Ord. II. LYCOPERDACEI, Fr.

Gen. 1. Podaxon, Desv.

Podaxon pistillaris, Fr. Syst. Myc. hi., 63.

Victoria, Queensland.

Podaxon carcinomalis, Fr. Syst. Myc. hi., 62.

Queensland, S. Australia.

AUSTRALIAN FUNGI.

59

Gen. 2. Xylopodium, D.R. M.

Xylopodium australe, Berk. Linn. Journ. XVI., 171.

S. Australia, Victoria, N. S. Wales.

Gen. 3. Phellorina, Berk .

Phellorina strobilina, Kalch. Grevillea IX., 4.

Queensland.

Gen. 4. Secotium, Kunze .

Secotium melanosporum, Berk. Hook. Journ. Hot., 1845, 62.

W. Australia.

Secotium coarctatum, Berk. Hook. Journ. Bot ., 1845, 63.

W. Australia.

Secotium erythrocephalum, Tul. Ann. Sci. Nat., 1844, 115.
Tasmania.

Secotium Drummondi, Berk, in Herb, vide Hook. Journ., 1845, p. 63.
W. Australia.

Secotium Gunnii, Berk, in Herb. Berk., No, 4412.

Sulphur springs, Tasmania.

Secotium Czexniavii, Mont. Flor. Alg., 371.

Gen. 5. Mitremyces, Nees .

Mitremyces fuscus, Berk. Ann. Nat. Hist, in., p. 325.

Victoria, Tasmania, Lake Muir.

Mitremyces luridus, Berk. Hook. Journ. Bot., 1845, 65.

W. Australia.

Mitremyces viridis, Berk. Hook. Journ. Bot., 1851, 201.

Victoria.

Gen. 6. Tulostoma, Bull.

Tulostoma mammosum, Fr. Syst. Myc. hi., 42.

Rockhampton.

Tulostoma fimbriatum, Fr. Syst. Myc. hi., 43.

W. Australia.

Tulostoma leprosum, Kalch. Grev. iv., 72.

Queensland.

Gen. 7. Battarrea. Pers.

Battarrea Muelleri, Kalch. Grevillea X., p. 3.

S. Australia.

Battarrea phalloides, Pers. Syn. Fung., 129, t. 3, /. 1.

Between Murchison River and Shark’s Bay.

Gen. 8. Mesophellia. Berk.

Mesophellia arenaria, Berk. Linn. Trans, xxii., 131, t. 25.

Tasmania, Harriet ville, W. Australia.

Mesophellia ingratissima, Berk. Linn. Journ. xviii., 386.

River Goulburn.

[The proposed substitution of Inoderma for Mesophellia is inad-
missible, as there is already a genus of Algae bearing the same name.]

60

AUSTRALIAN FUNGI.

Gen. 9. Geaster. Mich.

Geaster hygrometricus, Pers. Syn. lung, 135.

Rockhampton, W. Australia.

Geaster lageniformis, Vitt. Mon. Lycop.,t. 1,/. 2.

Tweed River.

Geaster fimbriatus, Fr. Syst. Myc. in., 16.

S. Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Queensland.

Geaster Drummondi, Berk. Hook. Journ. Bot., 1845.

W. Australia, Victoria.

Geaster minimus, Schwz. Syn.,p. 58, No. 327.

W. Australia, S. Australia, Victoria, N. S. Wales, Queens-
land.

Geaster striatus, D.C. Fr. Syst. Myc. ill., 13.

W. Australia, Queensland.

Geaster striatulus, Kalch. Grevillea ix., p. 3.

S. Australia, Queensland.

Geaster saccatus, Fr. Syst. Myc. III., 16.

Tasmania, N. S. Wales, Queensland, W. Australia, Richmond
River.

Geaster tenuipes, Berk. FI. Tasm. II., 264, t. 183,/. 9.

Tasmania.

Geaster Archer!, Berk. FI. Tasm. ii., 264.

Tasmania.

Geaster lignicola, Berk. Linn. Journ. xviii., 386.

Rockhampton.

Geaster Australis, Berk. FI. Tasm . ii., 265, t. 183, /. 10.

Tasmania, King George’s Sound.

Geaster rufescens, Pers. Fr. Syst. Myc. hi., 18.

W. Australia, N. S. Wales.

Geaster Guilfoylei, Mull, in Herb. Berk., No. 4564. Apparently the

same as Geaster rufescens, Pers.

Geaster dubius, Berk. Linn. Journ., xvi., 40.

N. S. Wales.

Geaster vittatus, Kalch. Qrevillea ix., p. 3.

Australia.

Geaster pusillus, Fr. PI. Preiss.,p. 139.

W. Australia.

Geaster floriformis, Vitt. Mon. Tub., 18.

Queensland.

Gen. 10. Bovista. Pers.

Bovista Mulieri, Berk. Linn. Journ. XVI., 171.

Queensland, Darling Range.

Bovista lilacina, B. & M. Hook. Journ. Bot., 1845.

W. Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, N. S. Wales, Queensland.
Bovista brunnea, Berk. FI. N. Zeal, n., 119.

N. S. Wales.

AUSTRALIAN FUNGI.

Cl

Gen. 11. Lycoperdon. Tourn.

Xiycoperdon caelatum, Fr. Syst. Myc. III., 32.

N. S. Wales, Queensland.

Lycoperdon australe, Berk. FI. Tasm. II., 266.

S. Australia, Victoria, Tasmania, W. Australia, N. S. Wales,
Clarence River, Endeavour River.

Lycoperdon glabrescens, Berk. FI. Tasm. n., 265.

Victoria, Tasmania.

Lycoperdon pyriforme, Sctiff. Fr. Syst. Myc. in., 29.

Victoria, Tasmania, N. S. Wales, Clarence River.

Lycoperdon gemmatum, Fr. Syst. Myc., in., 36.

W. Australia, Tasmania, N, S. Wales, Queensland.

Lycoperdon Gunnii, Berk. FI. Tasm. II., 265.

Tasmania.

Lycoperdon pusillum, Batsch. Cont. ir., 123.

W. Australia, Queensland, King George’s Sound, N. S. Wales.

Lycoperdon reticulatum, Berk. FI. N. !Zeal. II., 190.

Victoria.

Lycoperdon mundula, Kalch. Greviilea ix., p. 3.

Victoria.

Lycoperdon tephrum, B. Br. in Herb. Berk., No. 4630.
Queensland.

Gen. 12. Mycenastrum. Desv.

Mycenastrum phaeotrichum, Berk. Rook. Journ. II., 418.

W. Australia, Queensland, Port Denison, N. S. Wales.
Mycenastrum corium, Berk. Rook. Journ., 1845,^. 518.

Queensland.

Gen. 13. Polysaccum. Fr.

Folysaccum marmoratum, Berk. Linn. Journ. xvi., 171.

W. Australia, S. Australia, N. S. Wales, S. W. Australia.
Folysaccum pisocarpum, Fr. Syst. Myc. in., 54.

W. Australia, Queensland, Moreton Bay.

Folysaccum crassipes, Fr. Syst. Myc., in., 53.

W. Australia.

Polysaccum turgidum, Fr. Syst. Myc., in., 53
W. Australia.

Folysaccum olivaceum, Fr. Syst. Myc. in., 54.

Queensland, King George’s Sound, Endeavour River.
Folysaccum australe, Lev. Ann. Sci. Nat., 1848
Queensland.

Folysaccum tuberosum (Mich.). Linnea. v., 694.

Paramatta.

Folysaccum (?) degenerans, Fr. Plant Preiss., 159.

W. Australia.

62

AUSTRALIAN FUNGI.

Gen. 14. Scleroderma, Fr.

Scleroderma geaster, Fr. Syst. Myc. in., 460.

w. Australia, S. Australia, Victoria, Tasmania, N. W. Wales,
Queensland, S. W. Australia.

Scleroderma bovista, Fr. Syst. Myc. in., 48.

Victoria, N. S. Wales, Queensland, Endeavour River.
Scleroderma vulgare, Fr. Syst. Myc. hi., 46.

W. Australia, S. Australia, Victoria, N. S. Wales, Queensland,
S. W. Australia.

Scleroderma pandanaceum, Mull. Linn. Journ. xvi., 171.

Queensland.

Gen. 15. Arachnion, Schwein.

Arachnion Drummondi, Berk. Linn, Journ. xviii., 389.

W. Australia.

Gen. 16. Paurocotyles. Berk.

Faurocotyles echinosperma, Cke. Grevillea, vin., 59.

Victoria.

Ord. III. NIDULARI ACEZ. Fr.

Gen. 1. Cyathus. Hall.

Cyathus Lesueurii, Tul. Ann. Sci. Nat., 1844, 79.

N. S. Wales, Clarence River, Rockhampton.
Cyathus intermedius, Tul. Ann. Sci. Nat., 1844, 72.
Queensland, Daintree River.

Cyathus fimetarius, DC. Fl. Fr. V., 104.

Queensland.

Cyathus fimicola, Berk. Linn. Journ. xviii., 387.
Rockhampton.

Cyathus pusio, Berk. Linn. Journ. xviii., 387.
Rockhampton.

Cyathus desertorum, Mull. Linn. Journ. xviii., 387.
Darling River.

Cyathus Colensoi, Berk. Fl. N. Zeal, n., 192.

S. Australia, Tasmania, N. S. Wales.

Cyathus vernicosus, DC. Fl. Fr. n„ 270.

W. Australia, Queensland.

Cyathus IVIontagnei, Tul. Ann. Sci. Nat., 1844, 70.

W. Australia, Queensland.

Cyathus pezizoides, Berk. IAnn. Journ. xviii., 387.
Rockhampton.

Gen. 2. Crucibulum. Tul.

Crucibulum vulgare, Tul. Ann. Sci. Nat., 1844, 90.
Victoria, Queensland.

AUSTRALIAN FUNGI

63

Gen. 3. Sph^robolus. Tode.

Sphaerobolus stellatus, Tode. Meckl. I., 43.

Tasmania.

Ord. IV. HYPOGJEI.

Gen. 1. Hydnangium. Wallr.

Hydnangium Australiense, B. & Br. Linn. Trans . II., 68.
Queensland.

Gen. 2. Octaviana. Vitt.

Octaviana Archeri, Berk. FI. Tasm. II., 263.

Tasmania.

Gen. 3. Hymenogaster. Vitt.

Hymenogaster Moselei, B. Sr Br. Linn. Journ. xvi., 40.
N. S. Wales.

Hymenogaster Klotschii, Tul. Fungi Hyp., p. 64.

W. Australia.

Gen. 4. Gautieria. Vitt.

Gautieria Drummondi, Berk, in Herb. Berk., No. 4446.
W. Australia. (Only a fragment.)

MYXOMYCETES.

Ord. I. CALCARER Rostf.

Gen. 1. Badhamia. Berk.

Badhamia hyalina (Pers.). Rostf. Mon. 140.

Tasmania.

Badhamia utricularis {Bull.), Rostf. Mon.

N. S. Wales.

Gen. 2. Physarum. Pers.

Fhysarum cinereum, Batsch. Rostf. Mon., p. 102.

W. Australia.

Physarum Berkeleyi, Rostf. Mon.,p. 105.

W. Australia.

Gen. 3. Fuligo. Hall.

Fuligo varians ( Somm .), Rostf. Mon., 134.

Tasmania, Queensland.

Gen. 4. Craterium. Trent.

Craterium vulgare, Bitm. Rostf. Mon., 118.

W. Australia.

Craterium minutum Leers. Rostf. Mon., 120.

Tasmania.

64

AUSTRALIAN FUNGI.

Gen. 5. Leocarpus. Link.

Eeocarpus fragilis, Dichs. Rostf. Mon., 132.
Tasmania.

Gen. 6. Tilmadoche. Fr.

Tilmadoche nutans Pers. Rostf. Mon., 127.

W. Australia, Tasmania, Queensland.

Tilmadoche mutabilis. Rosft. Mon., 130.
Rockhampton.

Gen. 7. Chondrioderma. Rostf.

Chondrioderma spumarioides, Rostf. Mon., 174.
Rockhampton.

Chondrioderma difforme (Pers.). Rostf. Mon ., 177.

Queensland.

Gen. 8. Didymium. Schrad.

Didymium farinaceum, Schr. Rostf. Mon., 154.
Queensland.

Didymium squamulosum, A. fy S. Rostf. Mon., 159.
Tasmania.

Oed. II. AMAUROCH.KTE.ffi, Rostf.

Gen. 1. Lamproderma. Rostf.

Lamproderma echinulata, Berk. FI. Tasm. n., 268.
Tasmania.

Gen. 2. Comatricha. Pers.

Comatricha Friesiana, Re. Bary. Rostf. Mon., 199.
Tasmania.

Gen. 3. Stemonitis. Gled.

Stemonitis fusca, Rotli. Rostf. Mon., 193.

W. Australia, Tasmania, Queensland.

Stemonitis ferruginea, Ehr. Rostf. Mon., 196.

More ton Bay.

Oed. III. ANEMEE, Rostf.

Gen. 1. Tubulina. Pers.

Tubulina cylindrica, Bull. Rostf. Mon., 220.

Tasmania.

Tubulina nitidissima, Berk. Linn. Journ., XVIII., 387.
Rockhampton.

Gen. 2. Clathroptychium. Rostf.

Clathroptychium rugulosum ( Wallr .). Rostf. Mon., 225.
W. Australia.

Australian fungi.

65

Ord. IV. ARCYRIAC EJE.

Gen. 1. Arcyria. Hill.

Arcyria punicea, Pers. Mostf.Mon ., 268.
Queensland.

Arcyria incarnata, Pers. Rostf. Mon., 275.

W. Australia, Queensland.

Arcyria pomiformis, Roth. Rostf. Mon., 271.
Australia.

Arcyria nutans, Fr. Syst. Myc ., in., 180.

W. Australia, Queensland.

Arcyria cinerea (Bull.). Rostf. Mon., 272.
Queensland.

Arcyria ferruginea, Sauter. Rostf. Mon., 280.
Rockhampton.

Gen. 2. Lycogala. Mich.

Lycogala epidendrum, Buxb. Rostf. Mon., 285.
W. Australia.

Ord. Y. TRICHIACEJE.

Gen. 1. Prototrichia. Rostf.

Prototrichia flageliifer (Berk.). Rostf. Mon. Supp., 38.
Tasmania.

Gen. 2. Trichia. Hall.

Trichia chrysosperma, Bull. Rostf , Mon., 255.
Tasmania.

Trichia varia, Pers. Rostf. Mon., 251.

Tasmania.

Trichia contorta (Ditm.) Rostf. Mon., 259.

Tasmania.

Gen. 3. Hemiarcyria. Rostf.

Hemiarcyria rubiformis (Pers.). Rostf. Mon. 261,
Tasmania.

Braun’s “ Characeen.” — Just as we are going to press we
have received, through the kindness of Professor Nordstedt, a copy
of Braun’s “ Fragmente einer Monographie der Characeen,” edited
by Nordstedt, and reprinted from the “ Transactions of the Berlin
Academy.” At the present we can only call attention to it as a
valuable contribution to the Geographical Distribution of the
Chctracece.

6

66

SACCARDO’S “ SYLLOGE.”

The following is Professor Saccardo’s defence in reply to our
observations in the previous number of Grevillea : —

“ Dear Colleague, —

“ A few days ago I saw No. 57 of 1 Grevillea,’ and thank
you very much for the notice of Yol. i. of my * Sylloge.’

“As regards your criticism of my system, which you are deter-
mined to oppose, allow me to state that the fundamental question
is doubtless this : Are the characteristics of the spores more or less
essential and constant than the external characteristics (disposition,
form, size, consistence, &c.) of the perithecia ? Do you think, for
instance, that a Valsa, &c., will more readily lose the allantoid form
of its spores, or the disposition of its perithecia? I have never
seen a Valsa vary essentially in the form of its sporidia ; but I
have seen many variations in the structure of the perithecia. There
are some Calosphcerce — with all the characteristics of a Calosphceria
— which are grouped circularly, and others which have their
perithecia either circinate or subsolitary. Leptosphceria Doliolum
has the varieties tecta and denudata , but the sporidia are always
the same. Anthostoma gastnnum I find completely Valsioid , and
later Melogrammoid , but the sporidia are always the same, &c. In
my opinion, therefore, and in that of many other mycologists, the
characteristics of the spores are more constant than the others.
This being admitted, I think that in any classification we ought to
prefer, for the primary division, those characteristics which are the
most constant, and in our case these are the spores.

“When I see that Fries, in the primary division of the vast
genus Agaricus, has preferred the colour of the spores to the
characteristics of the annulus, volva, hymenophorum, &c., I feel no
doubt that if he had had at his disposal the characteristics of the
spores of his vast genus Sphceria, he would have preferred them.

“ You say that the characteristics of the spores give rise to an
artificial system. But why do you not consider Jussien’s system,
in which the primary divisions are fixed by the number of the
cotyledons , artificial ? Do you say that only children and un-
cultured or dejicient intellects will count the number, not of the
septa, but of the cotyledons ? You say that the system vauntingly
termed carpological is equivalent to the old Linnean system.
Possibly ! But I think I am much more correct in saying that the
system of the Pyrenomycetes of Fries and of yourself are equiva-
lent to that of Tcurnefort (about 1680?), in which plants are
divided into trees, shrubs, and plants, without taking any account
of the characteristics, which are much more important, but much
more difficult to preserve. In fact both Fries and you distinguish
groups and genera (what genera !) by the naked eye, asTournefort
did ; by carpologists, on the other hand, characteristics which are

SACCARDO’S “ SYLLOGE.”

67

more intimate (and more constant), are studied and unveiled :
precisely as, in the natural method in phanerogamy, great attention
is paid to the intimate characteristics of the cotyledons, the
albumen, the parts of the fruits and flowers, &c., &c. And it is
worthy of notice that in phanerogamy you have at your disposal
many distinctive characteristics which are entirely wanting in the
groups of Pyrenomycetse. I regret that I cannot make use of my
own language with you, so as to be able to express my thoughts
better. *

“ If I have not arranged the Perisporiacei carpologically,* it is
merely because I did not wish to upset matters with which I was
not sufficiently acquainted ; moreover, the keys of the Perisporiacei
are arranged carpologically, as you might have pointed out in your
critique.

“ As regards your special observations, I value them very much for
the addenda et emendata to be published at the end of Yol. n. Only
you might have added that I am not the author of the genera
Erysiphella and Ascotricha , and that several of the identifications
of the species were suspected by me, e.g ., Dimerosporium and
Capnodium mangiferum , Dimerosporium and Asterina Macowani ,
&c. As regards the genus Sporormia, how can you for instance
join Sp. lageniformis with a long ostiole to astomous Perisporium ?
Have you no confidence in your superficial system ? I will end
here.

“I should be very much obliged if you would translate this letter
into English, and publish it in the next number of ‘Grevillea.’

“ Yours, &c.,

“P. A. SACCARDO.”

REJOINDER.

Being satisfied that the only certain reward of controversy is
waste of time and vexation of spirit, it is not my intention to
prolong the present one. The above letter in no way alters my
opinion, and I have nothing to retract. That I have protested
against an u artificial system” is sufficient, and I have done so
from a conviction that it is wrong in principle and retrogressive.
It would have been discreditable to me, holding such views, if I
had not been “ determined to oppose it.” That the proposed
method is an artificial one, its author does not deny, but seeks to
cover his retreat by an allusion to Tournefort, as a rhetorical
flourish, although it has no analogy to the point in question. I
do not consider it so criminal in Fries that he distinguished groups
and genera by the naked eye, as some appear to do. The most

* I use this term in the sense of MM. de Notaris, Tulasne, &c. (Asci
paraphyces, sporidia, and not only sporidia).

68

SACCARDo’s “ 8YLL0GE.” — REJOINDER.

practical method would be to travel, as it wrere, from the known to
the unknown, from that which may be distinguished by the naked
eye, or a pocket lens, gradually upwards to the highest of micro-
scopical powers, which are most essential to distinguish many of
the so-called species of modern times, and often fail to reveal
their differences. I am not prepared to condemn recklessly a
system which originated half a century ago, because it may not
have progressed with the perfection of the microscope. However
imperfect a system may be which regards natural affinities, it is
preferable, as a principle, to a more elaborate artificial one. No
one denies that the arrangement adopted by Fries, for instance,
however sufficient it might have been at the time, is capable of
considerable improvement, and that it is insufficient in detail to
meet the wants of the time ; but that proves nothing for another
system with a different basis. Undoubtedly there was ample field
for a complete natural arrangement of the Pyrenomycetes, which
should have taken cognizance of all the improvements in instru-
ments and observations of half a century. I confess that I have
opposed the system now in question, because it was not the
arrangement which increased knowledge of the life history of the
Pyrenomycetes led one to expect.

I do not admit that the characteristics of the spores are more
constant than the external features of the plant, even after
numerous species have been created out of the variations of the
spores in one or other of the older species, which would find their
way back again in a natural system. But I am indisposed to
travel into details of the system as it is ; suffice it for me that I
do not accept the fundamental principle. I regret to have to differ
from the indefatigable author of the “ Sylloge,” and I repeat
again that his work has earned him the thanks of all mycologists,
as a record of published species. Some will undoubtedly accept
it, but some will not. This is in accordance with our knowledge
of human nature. There never was a system or theory without
its zealous advocates, but, if this does not meet with the universal
acceptance which its author seems to have hoped, he will at least
have the satisfaction of knowing that his labours will greatly
lighten those of his successor, whoever he may be, who may here-
after elaborate a more philosophical system. If the present
arrangement should be as generally accepted, and maintain its
position as long as that of Fries has done, its author will have
good reason to congratulate himself upon his success. I only
hope that the prospective author of the new “ Systema Myco-
logicum” of 1936 will, in that event, exhibit more veneration for
Professor Saccardo, and a greater respect for his incessant toil,
than he has evidenced on behalf of the greatest mycologist that
Europe has yet produced.

M. C. Cooke.

60

NEW BRITISH FUNGI.

By M. C. Cooke.

( Continued from p. 16.)

Agaxicus (Collybia) xylophilus, Fr. Hym. Eur ., 114.

Pileus rather fleshy, campanulate, lax, then expanded, broadly
gibbons, smooth ; stem hollow, equal, rather flexuous, fibrillose-
striate, whitish ; gills adnate, narrow, much crowded, white. — Fr.
Icon. t. 63,/. 2. Cooke Iilus. t. 202.

On stumps. Black Park, Langley.

“ A very good species, allied to Ag. ramosus , Bull. Csespitose.
Stem hollow, 2-3 in. long, 3 lin. thick, equal, sometimes flexuous,
fibrillose-striate, whitish, destitute of a veil, internally fuscescent.
Pileus slightly fleshy, broad, deep, campanulate, 3 in. broad (when
flattened 4 in.), commonly obtuse, sometimes furnished with a
small umbo, but about the margin at length cracked and split when
expanded, broadly gibbous, smooth, moist, whitish, or brownish
clay-coloured in the middle. Flesh everywhere very thin, fragile,
watery, brownish. Gills adnate, often with a decurrent tooth,
rather narrow (1 line broad), much crowded, in our specimens
entire. As to the gills allied to Ag. confluens, not to be compared
in other points with any of our species.” — Fries Mon. n., 290.
Agaxicus (Mycena) pullatus, Berk. & Cooke.

Pileus membranaceous, campanulate, obtusely umbonate, dark
brown, disc nearly black, sulcato striate to the middle, stem fistu-
lose, elongated, thickened downwards, of the same color, whitish
floccose at the base, sometimes rooting, gills scarcely crowded,
adnexed, white ; odour slightly nitrous.

On the ground amongst dead leaves. Chingford, Oct., Nov.,
1882. (M. C. C.). Norfolk, (C. B. P.)

Stem 3 inches long, 1 line thick. Pileus jin. broad, at first
dark brown with a tinge of purple, almost black, growing a
little paler with age, sometimes with a glaucous bloom. Gills
rather broad, quite white. Spores elliptic, smooth. Allied to Ag.
atro-cyaneus and Ag. leptocephalus.

Agaxicus (Clitopilus) caxneo-albus, With. Arr. iy., 218.

Pileus white, polished, centre rather depressed, edge turned
down, about an inch over ; stem solid, white, cylindrical, about an
inch high, thick as a crow-quill ; gills decurrent, salmon-coloured,
mostly in pairs, narrow, not crowded.

Heathy places. Epping Forest, Sept., 1882.

The above is Withering’s description, with which our plant agrees
intimately, but it is doubtful whether Fries had the same plant
in view ( Hym . Eur., 200), or, if he had, the figures quoted from
Kalchbrenner ( Icon . t. 12, f. 2) are but little like the Epping

70

NEW BRITISH FUNGI.

specimens. It is, however, quite accurate that they were “ino-
dorous, gregarious, pileus an inch broad, disc at length depressed,
rufescent ; spores angular.” Size and habit very similar to Agari-
cus atropunctus , P.

Agaricus (Fholiota) mustelinus, Fr. Hym. Eur., 225.

Pileus rather fleshy, campanulate, convex, even, smooth, dry ;
stem fistulose, even, pallid-whitish, farinose above the reflexed
ring, thickened at the base, and villose-white ; gills adnate, rather
distant, tawny cinnamon. — Mich. Gen.t. 80,/. 6.

On stumps. Near Guildford (T. Howse).

Solitary. Pileus hardly an inch broad, rufous or testaceous ;
stem less than an inch long, thickened at the base, which is
surrounded and attached by a white tomentum. Not included in
Fries’ Mon. Hym. Sueciae.

Agaricus (Inocybe) haemactus, Berk, Cke.

Pileus fleshy, compact, obtuse, campanulate, floccosely fibrillose,
disc subsquamose, darker ; stem solid, smooth, scarcely fibrillose,
whitish above, seruginous at the base, nearly equal ; gills adnate,
pallid, at length clay-colour ; flesh everywhere turning blood-red
where touched or wounded.

On lawn. Credinhill Court, Oct., 1882.

Pileus about an inch broad, umber, margin pallid, clad with long,
darker fibrils, the obtuse disc darkest, and somewhat scaly ; stem
nearly 2 inches long, 3-4 lines thick, seruginous at the base, the
colour penetrating through the flesh. Everywhere changing slowly
to blood-red when wounded. Spores elliptical, attenuated towards
one end, smooth. In some respects agreeing with Ag. calamis-
tratus, but not squarrose.

Cortinarius (Myxacium) mucifluus, Fr. Hym. Eur., 355.

Pileus rather fleshy, campanulate, then expanded, covered with
an evanescent hyaline gluten, margin striate ; stem attenuated
downwards, soft, viscid from the fugacious floccose squamose veil ;
gills adnate, distinct, clay-colour, then watery cinnamon. — Fr.
Icon. t.

On the ground. Around Hereford, &c., Oct., 1882.

“ Allied to C. collinitus, and for a long time united with it as a
variety, but apparently quite distinct. It differs (1) in the spongy
stem, attenuated downwards, white ; (2) pileus thinner, campanu-
late, then expanded, at length reflexed and repand, membranaceous,
margin striate ; (3 ) colour of the pileus livid, clay colour, when dry
of an opaque tan colour; (4) gluten of the pileus thin, hyaline,
diffluent, not forming a thick persistent bright-coloured pellicle ;
(5) odour sweet. Gills clay-coloured, then cinnamon. No violet
in the whole fungus.” — Fr. Mon. n., 37.

Cortinarius (Hydrocybe) renidens, Fr. Hym. Eur., 392.

Pileus rather fleshy, convex, then plane, even, smooth, shining ,
tawny (ochrace'ous) ; stem stuffed, Aim, equal, smooth, yellow as
well as the fibrillose veil ; gills subadnate, crowded, thin, tawny. —
Fr. Icon. t. 162, /. 1.

NEW BRITISH FUNGI.

71

In shady woods. Highbeach, Epping.

“ With the habit of C. armeniacus , but smaller and of a brighter
colour, readily distinguished — especially by the yellow veil ; stem
firm, stuffed, 1J to 3 in. long, 3 to 4 lines thick, quite equal, ex-
ternally rather cartilaginous, but wholly splitting into fibrils ;
colour of the pileus yellowish, growing pallid, then fulvous ; veil
lax, fibrillose, fugacious, yellow ; pileus slightly fleshy, firm, convex,
then plane, obtuse or gibbous, 1 to 2 in. broad, quite smooth,
shining, when moist ferruginous, fulvous, when dry ochraceons,
usually with the disc becoming pale ; flesh thin, splitting, paler ;
gills adnate, but also seceding and free, rather crowded, entire, at
first pallid cinnamon, then fulvous ; spores dark ochre ; odour
faint, not at all radish-like.” — Fr. Mon. n., 104.

Paxillus panseolus, Fr. Hym. Eur., 402.

Pileus thin, convex, plane, then rather depressed, smooth, moist,
whitish, margin involute, thin ; stem stuffed, striate fibrillose,
rufescent, incrassated downwards ; gills slightly decurrent,
crowded, narrow, at length watery ferruginous. — Hoffm. Icon,
t. 10,/. 1.

On the ground in pine woods, &c. ( C . Bucknall).

lt Somewhat gregarious, at first externally and internally wholly
dirty white, then becoming yellowish, gills at length watery cin-
namon ; stem fleshy, stuffed, 1 inch, or a little more, long, 3 lines
thick, striate fibrillose, thickened below ; pileus fleshy, compact,
convex, then expanded, and somewhat depressed, even, smooth,
spotted when moist, 1 to 2 in. broad ; margin thin, involute,
villose ; gills slightly decurrent, crowded, narrow, rather veined at
the base, separated by a horny line from the pileus ; spores watery
ferruginous.” — Fr. Mon. n., p. 117. Gills readily separating;
spores small, subglobose.

Lactarius pargaraenus, Fr. Hym. Eur.. 430.

White. Pileus fleshy, tough, convex, then a little depressed,
repand, without zones, rugulose, smooth ; stem stuffed, smooth,
becoming discoloured ; gills adnate , very narrow, horizontal, much
crowded , branched, white, then straw-coloured ; milk acrid, white. —
Batsch,fig. 59.

In woods. Hayward Forest, Epping, &c.

“ Wholly white, filled with a very acrid white milk. Allied to
L. piperatus, from which it differs in the stuffed stem, at length
softer within, elongated (3 in.), unequal, attenuated downwards,
and ascending, entirely smooth ; pileus thinner, tough, elastic,
often irregular and excentric, sometimes flexuous, at first convex
(not umbilicate), then becoming plane, surface quite smooth, but
unpolished, and in a peculiar manner rugose ; gills adnate, either
decurrent, very much crowded, very narrow (scarce 1 line broad),
always straight and horizontal, or arcuate, or inclined upwards,
soon straw-coloured ; flesh very milky, but the gills slightly.” —
Fries Mon. n., 166.

Not uncommon, but hitherto confounded with L. piperatus.

NEW BRITISH FUNGI.

Stereum ochroleucum, Fr. Hym. Eur., 639.

Pileus between coriaceous and membranaceous, free, expanded,
flaccid, silky, zoned, hoary ; hymenium even, smooth, yellowish.

On prostrate trunks. Kew Gardens, Nov., 1882.

tl Commonly broad, zones same colour, or tawny ; coating of
the pileus usually falling away ; hymenium often rimose, as in
Corticium — Fries.

Often effused, and then resembling a Corticium, but sometimes
the margin is reflexed, forming a white silky zoned pileus.
Hymenium pale flesh colour or ochraceous, often cracked with age
or drying, like Corticium. It has some resemblance to thin forms
of Stereum purpureum, from which it is at once distinguished by
the different colour of the hymenium. Probably the species of
Fries, but neither the Rev. M. J. Berkeley or myself have seen
an authentic specimen.

Ramularia Malvae, Fckl. Symb.,p. 360.

Tufts lax, pallid, seated on orbicular, elongated, or irregular
bleached spots ; flocci erect, mostly simple ; conidia sub-
cylindrical, obtuse, simple or at length uniseptate, hyaline ( '03 X
•005 mm.).

On leaves of Malva moschata. Forres (Rev. J. Keith).

Probably only a variety of the species described by Fuckel, of
which we have seen no specimen. Above is description of the
Scotch form.

Cercospora Calthae, Cke.

Spots small, orbicular, pallid, girt by a dark brown marginal
ring. Threads very delicate, short, scarcely branched, hyaline.
Spores cylindrical, obtues, 1-2 septate, thin, hyaline, but little
thicker than the threads, (about *015-*02 x *002 mm.)

On leaves of Caltha palustris. Forres. (Rev. J. Keith)

We have not been able to find such a delicate species described,
although it is difficult in these days, when species are swarming
like bees, to ascertain what have been described, especially with the
“ Jahresbericht ” for 1878, still uncompleted.

FUNGUS FORAYS, 1882.

Cryptogamic Society of Scotland. — The Annual Conference
of this Society was held at Kenmore, Pertshire, on September
4th and following days. We have no report of the meeting, but
hear that it was satisfactory.

Essex Field Club. — The Annual Foray, in Epping Forest,
took place on the 23rd of September, and was in all respects
satisfactory. Several interesting species were found, notably
Cortinarius renidens for the first time in Britain. And altogether,
twenty- two species were added to the Forest list of Hymenomy-
cetes. In the evening a meeting was held, at which the results of

FUNGUS FORAYS, 1882.

73

the day were recounted, and papers read on “ Edible Fungi,” by
H. T. Wharton, M.A. “ Fairy rings,” by W. G. Smith.
“ Marine Algae of the Essex Coast,” by E. M. Holmes, and a de-
monstration of “ the Uredines of Wheat,” by C. B. Plowright.
Specimens collected during the day were labelled and exhibited in
a separate room.

Woolhope Naturalists’ Field Club. — The very popular and
interesting meetings of the week commenced on Tuesday, October
3rd, by a visit to Wycliffe woods, near Ludlow. On Wednesday
an excursion was made to Dinedor. On Thursday the Public
Foray was made at Credenbill Camp — and on Friday the excur-
sions concluded with a visit to Hayward Forest. Each evening
was occupied by a conversazione, at which various papers were
read — viz., “ Hetercecism of the Uredines ” and “ the Classifica-
tion of the Uredines,” by C. B. Plowright. “ Dimorphism in
Bhytisma radicale ,” by W. Phillips. “ On some English Bird
names,” by H. T. Wharton, M.A. On “ Glfeocapsa sanguinea,”
by the Rev. J. E. Yize. On “ Breconshire Raptores,” by E.
Cambridge Phillips. In addition to an “ Historical account of
Credinhill Camp, by Dr. Bull, read at Credinhill, under the
shadow of the camp, on the day of the excursion.

And in the years that follow,

When all of us are stiff,

And can no longer clamber
Up hillside, camp, or cliff.

With weeping, and with laughter,

Still be the story told,

How the good 1,1 Doctor ” stormed the camp,

In the brave days of old.

A detailed account of these meetings, by C. B. Plowright, was
printed in “ The Gardener’s Chronicle ” for October 14, 1882.

Hackney Natural History Society. — This Society had a
field day for the collection and study of Fungi in Epping Forest,
on October 21st, when the members assembled at Chingford at
noon amid a drenching rain, which continued without cessation
throughout the rest of the day. Notwithstanding this drawback,
some eighty species were determined or collected, and in the even-
ing exhibited, and commented upon at Fairmead Lodge. An
account of this Aquatic Foray, from the vigorous pen of Mr.
Worthington Smith, appeared in the “ Gardener’s Chronicle,” of
November 4.

Hertfordshire Natural History Society. — The first

Fungus Foray of this Society, took place in Cassiobury Park,
Watford, on November 4th. Although late in the season, and a
park not the very best of localities for variety of species, no less
than upwards of seventy species of Hymenomycetes were collected
aud determined, all of which were of interest, since no authentic
record has hitherto been made of the Fungi found in the county.
The party was in charge of Mr. Hopkinson, on§ of the secretaries.

74

FUNGUS FORAYS, 1882.

With but one exception the weather was fine and favourable, but
it cannot be said that this has been a prolific year for fungi. In
London mushrooms have been scarcer, and higher in price than
they have been known for many years, hence we have resorted to
other species, to the great alarm of many of our personal friends,
and can now add to our experience a knowledge of the flavour of
Agaricus ( Amanita) vaginatus, Fr., Agaricus ( Tricholoma) nudus ,
Bull., Agaricus ( Armillaria ) mucidus , Schr Agaricus ( Clitocy be)
fragrans , Sow., and Hygrophorus coccineus , Fr. with a repetition of
Russula heterophylla and cyanoxantha. All these in turns
suffered demolition, and we still live to record our preference for
Agancus nudus , and the Russules, although Agaricus mucidus is
sufficiently delicate to warrant a better acquaintance. We had
almost forgotten Agaricus ( Pleurotus j ulmarius, Fr. Agaricus
{Clitocybe) nebularis , Fr., Coprinus atramentarius , Fr., Coprinus
comatus , Fr., Hygrophorus pratensis , Fr., and Boletus gr anulatus ,
L., as amongst other of the delicacies of the present season in
which we have indulged.

BRITISH MOSS FLORA.

Dr. Braithwaite has issued the sixth part of his excellent
“ British Moss Flora.” All we have to regret is that it does not
come to hand so rapidly as we could wish, and this regret is
shared generally by British Bryologists. The present part con-
tinues the Dicranacece, giving the genera Seligeria , Brachydontium ,
Blindia, Didymodon , Campy lopus, Dicranoweissia , and the first
part of Dicranum. The seventh part, completing the Dicranacece ,
is in preparation. The illustrations as well as the letterpress are
so excellent that we appeal to them in justification of our im-
patience at the sober pace at which the work has hitherto pro-
gressed. Nevertheless we believe that no blame attaches to the
author, but to difficulties he has had to surmount with the plates.

MYCOLOGIC FLORA OF BELGIUM.

Dr. Lambotte has just published, in three volumes, a Fungus
Flora, entitled “ Flore Mycologique de la Belgique,” which will
prove very useful in Belgium, as well as Northern Fiance, as
detailed descriptions are given in French, as well as analytical keys
to the genera. We note that many of the species have indications
useful to the mycoph agist, such as edible, poisonous, suspected ;
and in some cases we were reminded of the edible qualities for
which they are reputed, but which we had never put to the test,
notably Agaricus ( Tricholoma ) nudus , which has proved so excel-
lent that we are grateful to Dr. Lambotte for having reminded us.
We can by no means endorse his very qualified opinion of Ag.
nebularis, which is considered one of the safest and soundest of
esculent fungi in this country.

75

SOME FRESH WATER ALGtM.

Fungi are sometimes said to be very erratic organisms, but I
doubt if tbeir uncertainties are much greater than are found
amongst the Fresh Water Algas. In the past summer, quite
unexpectedly, the very beautiful water-net ( Hydrodictyon utricu -
latum ) was found floating in a small pond in the pleasure
grounds of Kew Gardens in such profusion that a barrowfull
might soon have been collected. In three weeks another visit was
paid to the same spot, in order to obtain some specimens for exhibition,
and not a vestige could be seen on the surface. They might have
gone to the bottom, but practically they were not obtainable. No
one appears to have ever recognised the plant in this pond before,
and possibly it may not be found again.

Passing through the propagating houses nearly at the same
period of the year, the moss, which was growing freely on the
damp walls, was observed to be encrusted with a glaucous Alga,
not yet, as far I know, recorded as British. This was the species
called in Rabenhorst’s “ Flora” Scytonema cinereum, variety Micheli,
which is the Dnlosiphon muscicola of Kutzing. It was such a
prominent object that one could scare avoid feeling surprise that it
should never have been recorded.

Passing on another occasion the large pond in the pleasure
ground, I noticed some globose olivaceous tufts of an Alga float-
ing freely in the water or attached to small fragments of dead
grass. The tufts were about the dimensions of a marble. Finding
myself in some doubt as to its determination, I sent specimens to
Professor Nordstedt, the result being that he came to the conclu-
sion that it was the species which Dr. Kirchner had included in
his “ Schlesischen Algen ” under the name of Plectonema mira-
bile, as of Thuret, but which did not, from the dimensions, appear
to be Thuret’s species. The threads were very nearly the size of
those given by Dr. Kirchner, and if not his species, it will come
very near to it. If this assumption proves correct, the species will
stand as Plectonema Kirchneri , whilst Thuret’s name of Plectonema
mirabile will still be retained to represent the old Calothrix mira-
bilis, Agardh, which is certainly distinct from the Kew specimens.

Apropos of new species, a minute green, filamentous Alga has
been found in some five or six localities with a small radius in
Yorkshire, which for some time has proved a puzzle, and even yet
has not perhaps found more that a temporary location in the genus
Microthamnion , much more delicate than either M. strictissimum or
M. Kutzingianum, which for the time we have been content to call
Microthamnion vexator. The figure 107 in Rabenhorst’s “ Algas ”
(p. 302) is much more like our plant than it seems to be of M.
strictissimum , supposing it to be magnified about 320 diameters.
Professor Wittrock, to whom the plant has been submitted, does
not recognise it as any described species, and suggests for it a
location in the above-named genus.

M. C. C.

76

THREE ASIATIC FUNGI.

By M. C. Cooke.

The following were collected by Maingay at the same time
that his collection of Lichens was made : —

Diplodia pterocarpi, Cke.

Sparsa, semi-immersa, punctiformis ; peritheciis atris, opacis,
subglohosis ; sporis ovato- ellipticis, obtusis, uniseptatis, fuscis
(•01-*012 x '006-‘007 mm.), vix constrictis.

On bark of Pterocarpus Indicus. Malacca.

The perithecia have somewhat the appearance of a Ven'ucaria,
with which the species was probably confounded when gathered.
The spores are smaller than usual in this genus, and less opaque.
Hypoxylon cocoinum, Cke.

Sparsa, emergens, atra, nitida, subconoidea vel hgemispherica,
simplex vel confluens, ad basim applanata ; ascis cylindricis, stipi-
tatis ; sporidiis ovato -ellipticis, obtusis, simplicibus, atrofuscis
(/Ol-’Ol^ x ’066 mm.).

On stems and petioles of cocoanut palm. Malacca.

Conisphaeria Maingayi, Cke.

Sparsa, semi-immersa, atra, subconoidea, papillata ; ascis cylin-
dricis, stipitatis ; sporidiis uniseriatis, fusiformibus, utrinque
acutis, hyalinis, 3-5 septatis, nec constrictis (‘025 x *004 mm.).

On bark. Near Shanghai.

The above specimens are in the Herbarium of the Royal Gardens
at Kew.

CRYPTOSPHiERIA MILLEPUNCTATA, Grev.

By M. C. Cooke.

In 1826 Dr. Gre ville published in his “ Scottish Cryptogamic
Flora,” a plate and description of a Sphceria which lie named
Cryptosphceria millepunctata , with this diagnosis : “ Perithecia

numerous, immersed beneath the epidermis, sub-regularly scat-
tered, globose, black, the orifice very short, obtuse, scarcely ex-
serted ; thecae acute at the apex ; the sporidia linear, curved.” —
PI. 201. And he says of it : “ On the decaying branches of the
common Ash (. Fraxinus excelsior ), the whole year, frequent.”
And again he says : “ The branches of the Ash tree producing
this species seem to the naked eye to be covered with innumerable
minute black dots. Under the microscope these are found to be
the orifices of perithecia concealed beneath the epidermis.” And
yet again he says : “ I have never seen it except upon the Ash ;
but in this country it is of very frequent occurrence.” Two years
previous to this (1824) it had also been described in similar terms
by Greville, under the same name in his “ Flora Edinensis ” (p.
360): “Nothing,” he says, “is visible of this species to the

CHVPT0S1?H^RIA millepunctata.

77

naked eye but the black dots on the epidermis. The sphserules,
which are in the substance of the bark, fall with it.”

One would have thought, with so circumstantial a description,
there would never have been the slightest doubt as to what
species it was which Greville intended.

In 1836 Berkeley, in the fifth volume of the “ English Flora,”
transfers Greville’s name as a synonym to Sphceria corticis , Sow.,
a small figure having been given in Sowerby’s Fungi, pi. 372, fig.
5, at about 1797, and called by him Sphceria corticis, but without
any statement as to what branches the Spliceria was attached, or
the slightest indication of the fruit. It is possible, even probable,
that it was the same as Greville’s, judging from the figures, but the
specimen in Sowerby’s herbarium at once sets the question at rest.
It is a piece of ash twig, with the Sphceria millepunctata upon it.
Berkeley therefore was right, as proved by Greville’s authentic
specimens, and Sowerby’s authentic specimens, in regarding the
two as absolutely identical. Then, in addition, Berkeley quotes
Sphceria populina , Pers. Ic. Piet. t. 21, f. 5, 6, as a synonym.
Was he accurate in this? It might be that he was so, and it
might not , for we have never seen an authentic specimen of
the plant which Persoon called S. populina.

As if still further to mix up uncertainties, Fries, in his “ Sys-
tema,” published in 1822, adopts Sowerby’s name of Sphceria
corticis, and gives Sphceria populina of Persoon as a synonym, the
habitat of Fries’s plant being “ In cortice Populi j’

If we assume that there were two species similar in external
appearance, one growing on ash, which was, as we have already
seen, the Sphceria millepunctata of Greville, and the Sphceria
corticis of Sowerby ; the other growing on poplar, which was the
S. populina of Persoon, and the Sphceria corticis of Fries, we have
evidence that Sowerby’s figure without description was insufficient,
inasmuch as it could be made to represent two species, and there-
fore the name of Sphceria corticis, Sow. , should have been dropped
in favour of S. millepunctata , Grev., and the S. corticis , Fries,
which was based on an insufficient figure, without description,
should never have taken the place of S. populina , Pers. For our
present aim we will assume two species, and call them S. mille-
punctata, Grev., on ash (“ never seen except upon the ash and
Sphceria populina , Pers., on poplar.

In the “ Handbook ” we restored the name of S. millepunctata ,
but quoted the synonyms of both species (supposing them really
to be distinct) under the one name.

We come now to Nitschke “ Pyrenomycetes Germanici”
(1867), and, in so far as we understand it, we find him describing
the Sphceria on poplar (p. 161), but giving it the name of Valsa
millepunctata (Grev.), with S. corticis , Sow., and S. populina, Pers.,
as well as the figure of Greville under it. Just, in fact, reversing
the species, for he has another, by the name of Valsa eunomia
(Fr.), on ash, quoting Sph. corticis , Curr. (which we know was

78

CRYPTOSPHADRIA MILLEPUNCTATA.

the same as S. millepunctata, Grev., from the specimens still
extant), and also Fuckel’s specimen, No. 1800, which in our copy
is on ash, and identical with Greville’s species ; whilst No. 908,
which Fuckel quotes under S. millepunctata, Grey., is a species
which we venture to say Greville never saw.

Afterwards (1869) Fuckel repeats, in his“ Symbolae” (p. 212),
the same errors.

We come now to Saccardo’s “ Sylloge ” (1882), the last and
most comprehensive work on the Pyrenomycetes yet published.
Here we are happy to recognize a manifest improvement. (For
the time we can forget any differences of opinion.) We find in the
first place Greville’s old generic name restored, and the reasons we
will not discuss, but the species is also put right, so that Crypto-
sphceria millepunctata , Grev., is just what he intended it to be, with-
out quoting Sowerby’s dubious figure of S. corticis, but adding as a
synonym the Sphceria eunomia of Fries, in which he is doubtless
justified. During the past fifteen years specimens have been dis-
tributed on the Continent under Greville’s name, which were not
his species ; whilst Greville’s species has persistently been issued
under another name, and we have continued to protest against the
error, in the full consciousness that we, on this side the Channel,
must be permitted to know what was the species so common with
us on the ash, to which Greville assigned a name. In addition
Cryptosphceria populina (Pers.) is the name under which Saccardo
records the Sphceria populina of Persoon, with the Sph. corticis of
Fries as a synonym, at the same time admitting that it is the Valsa
millepunctata of Nitschke, Fuckel, Karsten, and even of Saccardo
himself (previously), but not of Greville. If the same care has
been exercised in other species as in these (and there is no reason
to suspect otherwise), then the more close our relationship with
the “ Sylloge ” becomes, the more we shall appreciate its value,
apart from any question of classification.

On the Chemical Reaction of the Thallus of Lecanora
Smaragdula, Wahl. By E. G. Varenne. — In Mr. Leighton’s
“ Lichen Flora,” the chemical reaction of Lecanora smaragdula ,
Wahl., is symbolized thus : K — C — . In specimens of this

Lichen met with in the neighbourhood of Penzance, and which
were parasitical, as it were, on the thallus of rock crustaceous
Lichens, such as Lecidea petrcea , Lecidea concentrica, &c., the re-
action clearly is K. yellow, then red, C — . Being anxious for the
opinion of a Lichenologist of experience in this matter, I re-
quested Mr. Holmes to test his specimens of L. smaragdula for
me. Mr. Holmes found the action as described above, K. yellow,
then red C — . Mr. Holmes’s specimen was an authentic one un-
doubtedly, having been given to that gentleman by a distinguished
Lichenologist, Dr. Crombie.

79

ILLUSTRATIONS OF BRITISH FUNGI.

The following notice has been issued with Part XII : —

“ Notwithstanding the exercise of considerable care in the selec-
tion of figures for illustration, two or three corrections must be
made in the Plates already issued.

“ Plate 33, called Agaricus aurantius , Schf., is not that species,
but evidently a form of Agaricus robustus ; the true Agaricus
aurantius will be illustrated shortly.

“ Plate 60, called Agaricus imbricatus , is clearly Agaricus
vaccinus. The figure of Agaricus imbricatus , prepared for the
succeeding part, will exhibit the difference.

“ Plate 84, called Agaricus flaccidus , should have been Agaricus
inversus , as Agaricus flaccidus , and an intermediate form, Agaricus
lobatus, Sow., are published on succeeding plates.

“ It is hoped that the Leucospori will be completed with the
16th or 17th Part, and then Title Pages and Classified Index will
be published for binding them in two volumes. Every effort will
be made to render this portion as complete as possible, although it
is certain that a few species will have to be omitted, as drawings of
them cannot be obtained.

“ M. C. Cooke.”

CRYPTOGAMIC LITERATURE.

Ward, H. M. Researches in Life History of Hemileia vasta-
trix, in “Journ. Linn. Soc.,” Aug., 1882.

Ellis, J. B. New North American Fungi, in “ Bull. Torrey
Bot. Club,” Sept., 1882.

Crombie, J. M. Recent Additions to the British Lichen
Flora, in “ Journ. Botany,” Sept., 1882.

Ljungstrom, E. Swedish Fungology, in “ Botaniska Notiser,”
No. 4, 1882.

Rehm, Dr. Beitrage zur Ascomyceten Flora der deutschen
Alpen and Yoralpen, in “ Hedwigia,” Nos. 7, 8.

Schulzer, S. Mykologisches, die gattung Aqaricus. “ CEstr.
Bot. Zeitschrift,” 1882.

Cooke, M. C. Illustrations of Fungi, parts xi., xii.

Plowright, C. B. Experiments on Uredines, in “ Gardener’s
Chronicle,” Sept. 2, 9, 16, 1882.

Saccardo, P. A. Fungi Italici, fasc. xxix to xxxii., plates 1121
to 1280.

Braithwaite, Dr. R. British Moss Flora, partvi.

Peck, C. H. An imperfectly described Phalloid (. Phallus
Ravenellii , B. & C.), in “ Torrey Bot. Club,” Oct., 1882.

Ellis, J. B. Some New Species of Sphasriaceous Fungi, in
“ American Naturalist,” vol. xvi., p. 809.

Borzi, A. Morfologia e Biologia delle Alghe Ficocromaceae,
“ Nuovo. Giorn. Bot. Ital.,” Oct., 1882.

80

CRYPTOGAM IC LITERATURE*

Muller, Dr. J. Lichenologische Beitrage, in “ Flora,” Nos.
19, 20, 21, 24, 25, 1882.

Goebel, K. Ueber die Antheridienstande von PolytncJium , in
“Flora,” No. 21, 1882.

Geheeb, A. Barbula ccespitosa, in “ Flora,” No. 23, 1882.

Arnold, Dr. F. Lichenologische Fragmento, in “ Flora,” No.
26, 1882.

Geheeb, A. Webera sphagnicola, B.& S., in “ Flora,” No. 27,
1882.

Hazslinszky, F. Deutschen und ungarischen Geaster-arten.

Magnus, P. Entyloma of Helosciadium nodiflorum , in

u Hedwigia,” No. 9, 1882.

Rehm, Dr. Bemerkungen iiber Ascomyceten III., in

11 Hedwigia,” No. 9, 1882.

Winter, Dr. G. Rabenhorst’s Kryptogamen Flora ; Pilze, pt.
8, 9.

Heckel, Dr. E. Teratologie Mycologique, in “ Revue Myco-
logique,” Oct., 1882.

Patonillard, N. Observations sur quelques Hymenomycetes,
“ Revue Mycologique,” Oct., 1882.

Brunaud, P. Champignons Saintais nouveaux on Critiques,
“ Revue Mycologique,” Oct., 1882.

Gillot, X. Nouvelles observations sur quelques Champignons,
“ Revue Mycologique,” Oct., 1882.

Roumeguere, C., and others. Various Mycologic Notes, in
“ Revue Mycologique,” Oct., 1882.

Crisp, F., and others. Summary of Current Researches, in
“ Journ. Roy. Micr. Soc.,” Oct., 1882.

Plowright, C. B. Mildews of Wheat (reprint).

Thuemen, F. von. Wurzelscbimmel der Weinreben.

Vize, Rev. J. E. List of Cryptogamia of the parish of Forden
(Powisland Club).

Bucknall, C. Fungi of the Bristol District, part v. (re-
print).

Mitten, W. Australian Mosses, in “ Phytographia? Australia?.”

Kindbero, W. C. Sveriges och Norges Moss Flora, in “ Bo-
taniska Notiser,” No. 5, 1882.

Lambotte, E. Flore Mycologique de la Belgique, 3 vols.
Verviers, 1882.

Holmes, E. M. Zygodon Forsteri , M., in Essex, in “Journ.

Bot.,” Nov., 1882.

Joshua, W. Notes on British Desmidiea?, in “ Journ Bot.,”
Oct,, 1882.

Massee, G. Germinating Sporidia of Valsa leiphemia , in
“Journ. Bot.,” Oct., 1882.

Uhlworm, Dr. O. Botanisches Centralsblatt, Nos. 36 to 45,
1882.

Friedlander & Son. New Catalogue of works on Crypto-
gamia.

No. 59.]

[March, 1883.

A QUARTERLY RECORD OF CRYPTOGAMIC BOTANY
AND ITS LITERATURE.

ON XYLARIA AND ITS ALLIES.

By M. C. Cooke.

Having gone over the genus Xylaria , as represented in Sac-
cardo’s “ Sylloge,” we have determined upon presenting the results
in a form which may serve as a supplement to that portion of the
volume. To the limitation of the genus in the work cited we have
no restrictions to offer, but, accepting the limits as defined, we
have some few additions to suggest, some emendations to offer,
and a re-arrangement to propose. These will be considered under
their respective headings.

Measurements. — Annexed is a series of measurements of
sporidia, obtained, as we believe, from authentic specimens, some
in our own possession, others in the Paris Collection, and others
in the Herbaria attached to the Royal Gardens, Kew ; those of
Montagne, Leveille, and Berkeley being from specimens derived
from the authors. Wherever there w^as no original specimen at
our disposal we have accepted the Rev. M. J. Berkeley’s deter-
mination. The Borneo specimens were communicated to us by
Baron Y. Cesati. Although we have had access to 112 out of the
153 species enumerated in the Sylloge, there still remain 40 of
which we have no practical knowledge.

11. Xylaria melanaxis, Ces.

Sporidia *0035 x '002 mm.

14. Xylaria haemorrhoidalis, B. Sf Br.

Sporidia lanceolate, *035-*04 x *01 mm.

15. Xylaria Gardneri, Berk.

Sporidia *003 x ’002 mm.

16. Xylaria Guyanensis, Mont.

Sporidia *006-*007 X '004 mm.

18. Xylaria phosphorea, Berk.

Sporidia *01-*012 x *004-005 mm.

22. Xylaria fistuca, Berk.

Sporidia *01 X *004 mm.

27. Xylaria conocephala, B. fy C,

Sporidia *022 x *006 mm.

7

82

ON XYL ARIA AND ITS ALLIES.

29. Xylaria allantoidea, BerTc.

Sporidia 'Ol-'O^ x ‘0035 mm.

33. Xylaria Domingensis, B.

Sporidia lanceolate, ’02 X '0035--004 mm.

36. Xylaria fistulosa, Fr.

Sporidia *02 x '0035 mm.

40. Xylaria grammica, Mont.

Sporidia -Olo-'OIB x *004 mm.

41. Xylaria Xegeliana, Fr.

Sporidia '03-'035 x '0065--007 mm.

42. Xylaria ob ovata, Berk.

Sporidia *03 x '008 mm.

43. Xylaria Poiteani, {Lev.)

Sporidia 'Old x '004 mm.

45. Xylaria obtusissima, BerTc.

Sporidia -01-'012 x '0035 mm.

46. Xylaria plebeja, Ces.

Sporidia *01 X '003 mm.

51. Xylaria rhytidophlaea, Mont.

Sporidia 'Ol-'Oll x '005 mm. (Cayenne.)

„ -01--013 X *006 mm. (Australia.)

61. Xylaria zeylanica, Berk.

Sporidia '018 X '0035 mm.

62. Xylaria microceras, Mont.

Sporidia *012 X '004 mm.

63. Xylaria Wrightii, B. Sf C.

Sporidia '03 x '0085 mm.

Scarce distinct from X. involuta , Kl.

64. Xylaria cudonia, B. Sf C.

Sporidia almond-shaped, '013 X '008 mm.

68. Xylaria exalbata, B. Sf Br.

Sporidia '012 X '003 mm.

70. Xylaria anisopleura, Mont.

Sporidia *035 x '01 mm.

72. Xylaria complanata, Ces.

Sporidia *01-'012 X '005 mm.

74. Xylaria dealbata, B. Sf C.

Sporidia '04 x '01 mm.

79. Xylaria tabacina, Kickx.

Sporidia *022-'0 25 X '005 mm.

= Xylaria involuta, Klotsch , which is the older name
85. Xylaria rhopaloides, ( Kunze .) Mont .

Sporidia '01 X '005 mm.

98. Xylaria collabens, Mont.

Sporidia '03 X '01 mm.

102. Xylaria radicata, B. Sf C.

Sporidia elliptic, '008-’01 X ‘004 mm.

103. Xylaria scruposa, Fr.

Sporidia '02 X *005 mm.

ON XYLARIA AND ITS ALLIES.

83

105. Xylaxia Culleniae, B. 8f Br.

Sporidia '016 X ‘005-'006 mm.

108. Xylaxia spathulata, B . Br.

Sporidia *006 x *003 mm.

112. Xylaxia cupxessifoxmis, Becc.

Sporidia • 022- 025 X *005 mm.

120. Xylaxia Guepini, Fr.

Sporidia *008 x *004 mm. (sec Fries.)

Xylaxia eupeliaca, Ces.

Sporidia *005 x *0025 mm. (sec Cesati.)

132. Xylaxia subtexxanea, Schuz.

Sporidia -017--02 X *005 mm.

133. Xylaxia ianthino- velutina, Mont.

Sporidia *013 x *004 mm.

Also the same in Xylaria monilifera, Berk., and what we believe
to be Xylaria Apeibce, Mont.

139. Xylaxia scopifoxmis, Mont.

Sporidia •01-012 x *0035 mm.

144. Xylaxia phyllophila, Ces.

Sporidia -02 x ’01 mm.

150. Xylaxia gxacillima, Fr.

Sporidia cylindrical, *013 X ‘0035 mm.

151. Xylaxia xhizomoxpha, Mont.

Sporidia •OCffi-’OOG x ’0025 mm.

Emendations. — We would suggest the following emendations in
respect of species with which we are acquainted, presumably on
sufficient authority.

All that regards arrangement will be alluded to hereafter, together
with a proposed re-arrangement, which need not be discussed at
length, as it would occupy a large amount of space, and there is
no substantial difference between ourselves and Professor Saccardo
on the principles upon which such arrangement should be based.

Primarily, we would exclude from the genus Nos. 24, 80, and 81,
as these were relegated to a new genus, Glaziella, by Berkeley,
in 1879, as —

24. Glaziella abnormis, (B.) Cke.

80. Glaziella aurantiaca, Berk.

81. Glaziella splendens, Berk., together with
Glaziella vesiculosa. Berk.

Glaziella ceramichroum, B. & Br.

They are nearer to Hypocrea than Xylaria, and would occupy an
analogous position in Eypocreacei to Daldinia in Xylariei. The
diagnosis of the genus is— “ Stroma subglobose, brightly coloured,
fleshy. Perithecia pallid, filled with hyaline gelatin.” Although
Sphceria compuncta , Jungh., is by no means a good Xylaria , it
could scarcely be transferred to this genus (32) and would be
better in Hypoxylon.

In the next place there are some species that are repeated under
other names ; for example —

84

ON XYLARIA AND ITS ALLIES.

35. Xylaria escharoidea, Berk., must include also Xylaria piperi-
formis , Berk. (131). Xylaria mutabilis , Curr., in Linn. Trans.,
and Xylaria flagelli formis, Curr. in Linn. Trans., which latter is
only a sterile condition of his Xylaria mutabilis , as his own
figures will show. The sporidia in all three species are absolutely
identical.

55. Xylaria Telfairii, Berk. should stand as synonyms of

79. Xylaria tabacina, Kickx. ) Xylaria involuta, Klotsch, which
is the other name, whilst 63 Xylaria Wrightii , B. & C., appears
to present no specific difference.

67. Xylaria acicula , Ces., according to specimen from Cesati
does not differ from X. aristata , Mont.

75. Xylaria cerebrina ( Fee.), is certainly an Hypoxylon with a
coloured stroma, according to specimens in Herb. Paris.

120. Xylaria Guepini , Fr., and

Xylaria eupeliaca, Ces , can scarcely be regarded as the
same species.

133. Xylaria ianthino -velutina, Mont., and

153. Xylaria Apeibce , Mont., as well as

Xylaria moniliformis , Berk, in Herb., must be held to
constitute one species, as Saccardo suspected.

Although we are hardly prepared to expect that our suggestion
would ensure Professor Saccardo’ s approval, we would transfer his
Nos. 83 and 84 to the genus, or subgenus, Rhopalopsis , hereafter
designated.

Additions. — The following species are not included in the
“Sylloge,” some of them never having been published. They
are all described here, although some of them could not be included
in any list except as if species dubiae,” such as Xylaria tuberosa .
Their relationship to other species, as we comprehend it, will
be indicated in the classified list at the close of this communica-
tion.

2. Xylaria australis, CooTce.

Stromate clavato, nudo x f in.), sursum incrassato, obtuso,
laevi, fusco, ex ostiolis mimitissimis obscure punctato, intus albido
dein cavo ; stipite elongato (1^-2 in.) glabro, tenui (£ in.) nigri-
cante ; ascis cylindraceis, stipitatis, sporidiis arcte lanceolatis,
fuscis (-615 x *003 mm.).

On wood. Endeavour River, Australia.

Resembles very much the description of X. euglossa, Fr., but the
sporidia are of a different form.

10. Xylaria olobapha, Berk, in Herb. Kew.

Stromate erecto, clavato, rufo, infra in stipitem brevem attenuato.
Stipite tenui, glabro, sequali ; peritheciis globosis, atris, ostiolis
punctiformibus, planis ; ascis cylindraceis, stipitatis ; sporidiis
lanceolatis, rectis vel curvulis, fuscis ('02 -'022 x '0085 mm.).

On trunks. Brazil, Mexico.

Whole plant 2-2^ inches high, of which the club occupies half.
Club 1 c.m. thick.

ON XYLARIA AND ITS ALLIES.

85

20. Xylaria Berkeley!, Mont., Ann. Sci. Nat., 1855, III., 104.

Stromate erecto, suberoso, atro, cylindrico-clavato, obtuso, papil-
lato ; intus albo. Stipite gracili, glabro, concolori. Peritheciis
globosis, numerosis, ostiolis prominulis, asperulis ; ascis cylin-
draceis, stipitatis ; sporidiis arcte fusiformibus, rectis, curvulisve,
fuscis (-018--022 x ’003--004 mm.).

On wood. Cayenne.

From specimens communicated by Dr. Montagne.

23. Xylaria escharoidea, Berk.

To this species must be referred, as synonyms, Xylaria nigripes,
Klotsch, Xylaria piperiforyiis, Berk., Xylaria mutabilis , Curr. Linn.
Trans. (1876), and Xylaria jlabelliformis, Curr. Linn. Trans.
(1876), t. 21. The latter being the sterile form. The description
by Klotsch (“ Linnea,” yii., p. 203) dates from 1832, so that his
name certainly appears to demand precedence. We have had the
good fortune to see and examine the type specimens of all the
above-named species, and the sporidia are identical.

25. Xylaria multifida, ( Sphceria multifida Kunze , sec Leveille, Ann.

Sci. Nat., 1845, iii., 45.)

Stromate conidifero erecto, furcato-partito, palmato-que, albido.
Stromate ascigero simplici, erecto, atro, clavato; stipite sequilongo,
tenui, atro, glabro (?); peritheciis globosis, atris, prominulis:
ascis cylindraeeis, stipitatis ; sporidiis fusiformibus, obtusis, in-
sequilateralibus, fuscis (*01-*012 X -004--005.)

On trunks. Java, and Central America, in Herb. Paris.

Greatly resembling X. hypoxylon , of which it may be a variety.

26. Xylaria acicularis ( Sphceria , Hypoxylon , acicularis, Berk. Hook,

Journ,, 1842, p. 141.)

Suberosa, acicularis, simplex, rarissime furcato-palmata, lsevis ;
stipite laevi, vel subplicato ; clavula elongata, lineari, cum stipite
confluente, crusta laccato atro farina argillacea velata reticulato-
rimosa ; peritheciis globosis ; ostiolis prominulis.

On wood. Surinam.

3-3^ in. high, 1 line or more thick.

28. Xylaria Cordovensis, Berk, in Herb. Ken.

Stromate erecto, clavato, atro (1-1-jt in*) ; stipite tenui, glabro,
semi-unciali, clavula utrinque sub-attenuata, supra obtusa ; peri-
theciis globosis, prominulis ; ascis cylindraeeis, stipitatis ; sporidiis
arcte fusiformibus, rectis curvulisque, fuscis, (-015- 016 x ’004
mm.).

On trunks. Cordova, (Salle No. 95.)

34. Xylaria IVXellisii ( Hypoxylon Mellisii, Berk, in Herb.)

Stromate coriaceo, atro, stipitato, ramuloso. Clavulis cylindricis,
ellipticis, lanceolatis, furcatis vel difformibus, in ramulis brevibus
congestis, intus albo ; stipite tenui, flexili, glabro, furcato ; peri-
theciis globosis, atris ; ostiolis prominulis, scabris ; ascis cylin-
draceis, stipitatis ; sporidiis elliptico-lanceolatis, fuscis (-012 x *005
mm.).

On bark and wood. St. Helena.

86

ON XYLARIA AND ITS ALLIES.

Not more than half an inch or an inch high. Clubs densely
crowded, about a quarter of an inch long, at the apex of a slender
furcate or simple stem, which penetrates the bark or wood, so that
only the cluster of small clubs is visible.

42. Xylaxia Willsii, Berk, in Herb.

Carnosa, aurantio-fulva, stipitata. Clavulis simplicibus, vel
furcatis, cylindraceis, obtusis (1-1-^ in. long, incrass.) ; stipite
lsevi (1 in. long), tenui, concolore; peritheciis minimis, brunneis,
(immaturis); ostiolis planis, punctiformibus ; spor. n. v.

On wood. Ste Fee de Bogota.

With a great resemblance to X. persicaria , Schwz.

46. Xylaxia cexebxifoxmis, Cooke.

Magna, suberosa, stipitata, fuliginea, stipite vix uncialis (crass.

unc.), lignoso, glabra, sulcato, interdum laterali; capitulo sub-
elliptico (ljxl unc.), profunde sulcato, aliter rugoso, cerebri-
formi, demum laeviusculo, intas albo ; peritheciis minimis, glo-
bosis, atris, confertis ; ostiolis minutissimis, vix visibilis, planis ;
ascis cylindraceis ; sporidiis arcte lanceolatis, rectis curvulisve,
brunneis, (-009-'01 X ‘0025 mm.).

On wood (?) Endeavour River, Australia.

Perithecia and sporidia smaller than in X. lobata , C. ; ostiola
scarce visible on the surface.

50. Xylaxia Emexici, Berk, in Herb. Kerv.

Magna, suberosa, clavata. Stromate erecto (5-6 in. long, 1^ in.
lat.), glabro, fuligineo, ostiolis minuto, punctato, intus griseo-
lilacino, demum centro cavo ; stipite crasso, brevi, glabro, sursum
in clavulam incrassato ; peritheciis globosis, atris, nec prominulis ;
ascis cylindraceis, stipitatis ; sporidiis lanceolatis, utrinque obtusis,
rectis vel curvulis (*02 x *008 mm.).

On the ground (?) Neilgherries, India.

54. Xylaxia xegalis^ Cooke.

Suberosa, clavaeformis, pyriformis, vel subglobosis, simplex,
obtusa, magna (3-4 in. x 2-3 in.), atra, cum stipite brevi crasso
nudo confluente ; ostiolis prominulis, subnitidis ; peritheciis
magnis, globosis, atris ; ascis cylindraceis, stipitatis; sporidiis
ellipticis, utrinque attenuatis, rectis curvulisve, fuscis (‘012 X *004
mm.).

On wood. Botanic Garden, Calcutta (Kurz).

Closely allied to X. Poiteani, Lev., from which it differs in its
rougher exterior, and smaller sporidia.

57. Xylaxia lobata, Cooke .

Magna, suberosa, conchiformis, sessilis, ambitu lobata, fusca,
laevis, subnitida, lobis rotundatis, intus albo ; peritheciis confertis,
globosis, atris ; ostiolis minutissimis, punctiformibus, planis ;
ascis cylindraceis ; sporidiis arcte lanceolatis, rectis, curvulisve,
brunneis (-012 X ’003 mm.).

On wood. Endeavour River, Australia.

A noble species resembling nothing hitherto described.

ON XYLARIA AND ITS ALLIES.

87

76. Xylaria salmonicolor, Berk. in Herb.

Stromate erecto, suberoso, simplici, clavato-cylindrico, supra
obtuso, infra attenuato, atro-brunneo ; intus rubente, salmoni
colori ; stipite brevissimo ; peritheciis globosis, minutis, numero-
sissimis ; ostiolis planis punctiformibus ; sporidiis ignotis.

On wood. Neilgherries, India.

Clubs about 1J. in long, ^in. thick ; stem scarcely a quarter

inch.

90. Xylaria favosa, Berk. $ Curt, in Herb. Ken.

Suberosa. Stromate erecto, atro-fusco, rugoso, pyriformi, infra
in stipite brevi attenuato, intus favoso-lacunoso, fusco ; peritheciis
imperfectis.

On wood (?) Cuba.

1^ in. high, Jin. thick. Possibly an Hypoxylon , but without
fruit.

107. Xylaria ventricosa, Berk, in Herb.

Stromate erecto, ventricoso, fusco, longitudinaliter rugosulo,
apice longe acuminato, intus albo, demum cavo ; stipite tenui
(J in.) ; peritheciis globosis ; ostiolis inconspicuis ; ascis cylin-
draceis ; sporidiis n. v.

On wood. Java.

Perhaps merely a variety of X. gigantea. About three inches
high. Stem j in., expanding into the oblong capitule, which is
some li in. long, and J- in. thick, terminating in a long sterile
apex A in. long.

114. Xylaria fustis, Mont, in Enum. PI. Cubensis MSS.

Stromate erecto, sub-clavato, stipitato ; supra acuminato, sterili,
infra in stipite elongato, tenui, flexili, attenuato, glabro ; peri-
theciis globosis, atris, prominulis, magnis, paucis ( 1 0-12) ; ascis
cylindraceis, stipitatis ; sporidiis ellipticis, utnnque subattenuatis,
fuscis ('012 x '0065-,007 mm.).

On trunks. Cuba.

Stem 1^-2 in. long. Capitulum half an inch.

135. Xylaria trachelina (Sphceria, Cor dy ceps. trachelina, Lev. Arm. Sei.
Nat. 1860, V. 304.)

Receptaculis elongatis, rugosis, tuberculosis, apice acutis, steri-
libus, fuliginosis, intus albis, pedicello longissimo, tomentoso,
suffultis ; peritheciis globosis, prominentibus, intus nigris ; ostiolis
obsoletis ; ascis cylindraceis ; sporidiis obtuse lanceolatis, fuscis,
(•02 x '007 mm.).

On trunks. New Granada.

1-1^ in. high, stem -J inch. Clubs -J to 1 in. long, -J-J inch
thick.

151. Xylaria monilifera, Berk, in Herb. Ken.

On legumes.

Evidently the same species as Xylaria ianthino-velutina, Mont.,
and Xylaria Apeibce , Mont. The sporidia in all are the same.
The stem is hairy, the stroma branched, terminating in sterile
points.

88

ON XYLARIA AND ITS ALLIES.

157. Xylaria tuberosa (S plueria tuberosa , Persoon in “ Gaudichaud’s

Voyage,” p. 180).

Clavulis elongatis, glabris, apice compressis, ramosis, basi
tuberoso.

On rotten wood (?) Sandwich Isles.

“ Intermediate between X. hypoxylon and X. bulbosa the radical
tubercle is oval or oblong.”

Specimens in Herb. Paris are sterile, except for the bulbous
base, would at once be referred to X. hypoxylon , of which it is pro-
bably only a form.

158. Xylaria furcellata, Berk, in Herb.

Stromate erecto, aurantio, supra bi-vel tri-dichotomo-furcato ;
ramulis abbreviatis, obtusis, sub-clavatis, cinereis ; stipite erecto,
tenui, aequali,' vel ventricoso, radicato ; peritheciis ignotis.

The Neilgherries, India.

A very marked, but imperfect species, about 2 inches high, the
branched apex scarce half an inch across.

159. Xylaria xanthiceps, Berk, in Herb.

This again is a minute corticolous species of which only conidia
are developed. The small clubs are tipped with yellow.

161. Xylaria hystrix, Berk, in Herb.

This is merely a fasciculate, erumpent condition of some species
in its young and sterile state, and cannot be described.

162. Xylaria Carteri, Berk, in Herb.

Globosa, stipitata, atra, nitida in. diam.), intus fusca.

On wood. Bombay.

This also is evidently a species of Phylacia , whether that genus
represents any condition of Xylaria or not.

163. Xylaria ramulosa, Berk. ( Sphceria ramulosa , Schwz.).

This has every appearance of being a species of Phylacia —
internally it is chiefly brown, there are no perithecia, and we have
seen no spores.

On bark. Surinam.

Arrangement. — It only remains for us now to subjoin an
amended arrangement of the species under the same four groups
as proposed originally by Fries, and adopted by Saccardo. It may
not be wholly egotistical to affirm that our facilities for becoming
practically acquainted with a vast number of species have been
great, and from this experience we have been enabled to determine
more accurately their affinities than could be done from descriptions
alone. The subdivision containing species with a discoid base has
not commended itself to us for adoption, since it is by no means a
permanent character, varying according to the hardness or softness
of the matrix. Almost all, if not all, the specimens growing on
hard wood expand at the base, so as to secure a firmer attachment,
whereas when the wood is soft the base is more or less penetrating.
Both conditions may be observed in a good series of Xylaria
hypoxylon.

ON XYLARIA AND ITS ALLIES.

89

XYLARIA.

A. Xyloglossa. Club everywhere fertile, stem smooth.
a. Capitulum clavate ; stem slender, elongated.

* Simple.

1. Xylaria euglossa, Fries.

2.

)>

australis, Cooke.

3.

t>

involuta, Klotsch.

= X. tabacina, Kickx.
= X. Telfairii, Berk.

4.

n

Wrightii, B. & C.

5.

a

Portoricensis, Klotsch.

6.

n

hypoerythra, Mont.
Guyanensis, Mont.

7.

a

8.

n

clavicularis, Klot.

9.

n

gigantea, Zipp.

10.

»

olobapha, Berk.

11.

17

exalbata, Berk.

12.

It

grammica, Mont.

= X. ectogramma , Berk.

13.

It

melanaxis, Ces.

14.

tl

rhopaloides, Mont.

15.

>1

Schweinitzii, B. & C.

16.

i 1

leptopus, Fr.

17.

It

protea, Fr.

18.

ti

complanata, Ces.

19.

it

fissilis, Ces.

20.

It

Berkeleyi, Mont.

21.

it

rhytidophlaea, Mont.

22.

ti

Zealandica, Cooke.

23.

It

nigripes, Klotsch.

= X. eschar oidea, Berk.
= X. piperifonnis , Berk.
= X. mutabilis , Curr.

= X. jlagelliformis, Curr.

24.

»

Cubensis, B. & C.

25.

11

multifida, Kunze.

26.

11

acicularis, Berk.

27.

it

scopiformis, Mont.

28.

11

Cordovensis, Berk.

29.

ti

retipes, Lev.

** Furcate.

30.

ti

diceras, Lev.
biceps, Speg.

31.

tt

32.

it

divaricata, Fee.

90

ON XYLARIA AND ITS ALLIES.

33. Xylaria arenicola, W. & Curr.

34.

yy

Mellisii, Berk.

35.

yy

Gardneri, Berk,
portentosa, Mont.

36.

>>

37.

yy

Scotica, Cooke.

38.

ruginosa, Mont.

39.

yy

tortuosa, Sow.

40.

yy

gracilis, Klot.

41.

yy

rhizocola, Mont.

42.

yy

Willsii, Berk.

43.

yy

tentaculata, Bav.

b. Capitulum subclavate ; stem thick, abbreviated or obsolete.
44. Xylaria polymorpha, Grev.

45.

yy

variabilis, W. & Curr.

46.

yy

cerebriformis, Cooke.

47.

yy

gomphus, Fr.

48.

yy

papyrifera, Fr.

49.

yy

conocepbala, B. & C.

50.

yy

Emerici, Berk.

51.

yy

Domingensis, Berk.

52.

yy

Titan, Berk.

53.

yy

Poiteana, Lev.

54.

yy

regalis, Cooke.

55.

yy

obtusissima, Berk.

56.

yy

turgida, Fr.

57.

yy

lobata, Cooke.

58.

yy

zeylanica, Berk.

59.

yy

lingua, Lev.

60.

yy

castorea, Berk.

61.

yy

aenea, Mont.

62.

yy

allantoidea, Berk.

63.

yy

fistulosa, Lev.

64.

yy

dealbata, B. & C.

65.

yy

fistuca, Berk.

66.

yy

siphonia, Fr.

67.

yy

curta, Fr.

68.

yy

plebeja, Ces.

69.

yy

echinata, Lev.

70.

yy

anisopleura, Mont.

71.

yy

microceras, Mont.

72.

yy

platypoda, Lev.

73.

yy

enterogena, Mont.

74.

y y

fulvella, B. & C.

75.

yy

phosphorea, Berk.

76.

yy

salmonicolor, Berk.

77.

yy

clavulata, Schw.

78.

yy

pumila, Fr.

ON XYLARIA AND ITS ALLIES.

91

c. Capitulum subglobose.

79.

Xylaria piliceps, Berk.

80.

V

pyramidata, B. & W.

81.

it

marasmoides, B. & Cooke.

82.

it

stilboidea, Kalch. & Cke.

.83.

tt

cudonia, B. & C.

84.

ft

obovata, Berk.

85.

ft

tuberiformis, Berk.

86.

ft

globosa, Mont.

87.

tt

clavulus, B. & C.

88.

ft

haemorrhoidalis, B. & Br.

89.

tt

intermedia, Ces.

90.

tt

favosa, Berk.

Xylocoryne,

, Club everywhere fertile, stem villose.

a. Capitulum clavate ; stem elongated, slender.

91.

Xylaria

spathulata, B. & Br.

92.

ft

longipes, Xke.

93.

tt

hispidula, B. & C.

94.

tt

Beccariana, Pass.

95.

tt

fastigiata, Fr.

96.

tt

geoglossum, Schwz.

97.

ft

multiplex, Kunze.

98.

ft

scruposa, Mont.

99.

tt

polycladia, Lev.

100.

ft

radicata, B. & C,

101.

tt

comosa, Mont.

102.

ft

tenuissima, Fr.

b. Capitulum clavate, stem abbreviated.

103.

Xylaria corniformis, Mont.

104.

a

aphrodisiaca, W. & Curr.

105.

tt

alpina, Speg.

c. Capitulum subglobose.

106. Xylaria collabens, Mont.

C. Xylostyla. Apex of club sterile, stem smooth.

a. Capitulum clavate, simple, or cristate.

107. Xylaria ventricosa, Berk.

108. „ Kegeliana, Lev.

109. „ pallida, Cooke.

110. ,, graminicola, Ger.

111. „ coronata, West.

112. „ cristata, Speg.

113. „ inaequalis, B. & C.

92

ON XYLARIA AND ITS ALLIES.

114. Xylaria fustis, Mont.

115.

116.

117.

118.

119.

120.
121.
122.

123.

124.

125.

126.

127.

128.
129.

„ myosurus, Mont.

,, mucronata, Schwz.

,, phyllophila, Ces.

„ phyllocharis, Mont.

b. Capituli connate or branched.
Xylaria digitata, Fr.

grandis, Peck,
csespitulosa, Ces.
bulbosa, Pers.
rhizomorpha, Mont,
adscendens, Fr.
fasciculata, Speg.

„ coccophora, Mont.

c. Capitulum ovate or subglobose.
Xylaria vaporaria, Berk.

thyrsus, Berk,
axifera, Mont.

d. Stroma filiform, perithecia lax.

130. Xylaria tricolor, Fr.

131. „ filiformis, Fr.

132. „ gracillima, Mont.

133. „ axillaris, W. & Curr.

134. „ furcata, Fr.

D. Xylodactyla. Apex sterile, stem villose.

a. Capitulum clavate, simple.

135.

Xylaria

trachelina, Lev.
apiculata, Cooke.

136.

»>

137.

tt

persicaria, Schwz.

138.

tt

carpophila, Fr.

139.

tt

oxyacanthse, Lev.

140.

))

Delitschii, Auers.

141.

cupressiformis, Fr.

142.

,, massula, Ces.
b. Capitulum furcate or d

143.

Xylaria

cornu-damse, Schwz

144.

tt

Fejeensis, Berk.

145.

it

hypoxylon, Fr.

146.

tt

Cuepini, Fr.

147.

tt

eupeliaca, Ces.

148.

yt

arbuscula, Sacc.

149.

tt

dichotoma, Kunze.

150.

tt

subterranea, Schwz.

grevillea

PL. 162.

XYLARfA- Xyloglossa .

grevillea

PL. 163.

XYLARIA— XylogloSSCL.

XYLARIA— Xylogriossa,.

GREV1LLEA.

PL. 166.

XYLARiA-Xylog-lossa.

GREVILLEA,

PL. 187.

XYLAR1 A— Xyloglossa.

grevillea.

PL.168.

XYLARiA.- Xyloglossct and Xylocoryne.

GREVILLEA.

PL.169.

PL. 170 .

xylaria.-JQ jlostyla and Xylodactyla.

grevillea.

ON XYLARIA AND ITS ALLIES.

93

151. Xylaria ianthino-velutina, Mont.

= X. apeibce , Mont.

= X. monilifera, Berk.

152. „ Cullenige, B. & Br.

153. „ flabelliformis, Schwz.

c. Capitulum subglobose.

154. Xylaria pedunculata, Fr.

155. „ Tulasnei, Nke.

156. ,, aristata, Mont.

= X. acicula, Ces.

iNCERTiE SEDIS .

157.

158.

159.

160.
161.
162.
163.

Xylaria tuberosa, Ley.

„ furcellata, Berk.

„ xanthiceps, Berk.

,, fulvo-lanata, Berk.
,, hystrix, Berk.

„ Carteri, Berk.

,, ramulosa, Schwz.

= Phylacia.

THAMNOMYCE3, Ehr.

It is of very little importance whether this genus is still main-
tained, or absorbed into Xylaria as a subgenus, as has been done
by Saccardo. We have nothing to add to the species enu-
merated.

CAMILLE A, Fr. Sacc. Syll., p. 346.

There is an additional species in the Berkeley Herbarium, pos-
sibly without fruit, but we did not feel justified in cutting it for
examination.

Camillea Javanica, Mont. MSS.

In external features similar to C. cyclops , but very much smaller.
Not exceeding ^ a line in diameter and height.

On wood. Java.

PORONIA, Fr. Sacc. Syll., p. 348.

Neither on this genus have we any observations to record.
Unless Poronia incrassata, Jungh. in “ Hoeven and Vriese
Tijdskr. v. Nat. Gesch,” 1840, p. 288, may be considered speci-
fically distinct from Poronia PEdipus.

The following genus has been referred to already in the fore-
going remarks : —

RHOPALOPSIS, Coolie.

Densely csespitose, capituli abbreviated, either simply and shortly
stipitate, or seated on short ramuli of an intricate stroma.

a. Stroma simple.

1. Bhopalopsis ccenopus (Mont.). No. 1488.

2. Rhopalopsis aggregatum (W. & C.). No. 1427*

3. Rhopalopsis Angolense (W. & C.). No. 1519.

94

ON XYLARIA AND ITS ALLIES.

4. Rhopalopsis clavus (Fr.).

5. Rhopalopsis confusum (B. & C.).

6. Rhopalopsis micropus (Berk.). No. 1491.

7. Rhopalopsis congestum (B. & Br.). No. 1402.

b. Stroma multipartite.

8. Rhopalopsis cetrarioides (W. & Curr.). No. 1489.

9. Rhopalopsis lichenoides (B.).

10. Rhopalopsis Puiggarii (Speg.). No. 1232.

11. Rhopalopsis contracta (Speg.). No. 1233.

12. Rhopalopsis Kurziana (Curr.). No. 1429.

13. Rhopalopsis microcephala (Mont.). No. 1256.

14. Rhopalopsis xylarioides (Speg.). No. 1490.

The figures on the plates (162 to 171) are all numbered to
correspond with our revised arrangement. Sporidia magnified
uniformly about 380 diam. These plates will follow in successive
numbers of u Grevillea.”

ADDITIONS TO THE LICHEN-FLORA OF GREAT
BRITAIN.

Beyond the list of lichens new to Great Britain, since the pub-
lication of “Leighton’s Lichen-Flora,” 1879, given us by the
Rev. J. M. Crombie, in the “Journal of Botany,” Sept., 1882, I
beg to record the following, most of which have been examined and
certified by Dr. Nylander : —

Sirosiphon ocellatus ( Dillrv .), KU.

On wet rocks at the foot of Bowness Knot, Ennerdale, Cum-
berland, 1881.

Lecanora citrina, Effm.

Great Orme’s Head, 1881, J. E. Griffith.

Lecanora subradiosa, Nyl.

On walls, East Allendale, Northumberland, 1881.

Lecanora galactina, Ach. Forma ferrotincto.

On slaty rocks, Lamplugh, Cumberland, 1881. Thallus thin,
scattered, verrucose, ferruginous.

Lecidea enterochlora, Tayl. Forma tuberculuta.

On rocks, St. Bees, Cumberland, 1880. Thallus rimulosa, or
verrucoso-diffract. Apothecia more or less confluent, convex, im-
marginate, tuberculose.

Lecidea Bouteillei, Desmaz. Forma rnbicata (Cro.), Nyl.

On Ulex Europceus, by the roadside between Seascale and Gos-
forth, Cumberland, 1881.

Lecidea plumbina ( Anzi .), Nyl.

Parasitic on the thallus of Pannaria plumbina, (Lightf.) Bor-
rowdale roadside, Keswick, Cumberland, 1881.

W. Johnson.

95

RE-APPEARANCE OF CYCLODERMA.

By M. C. Cooke.

In the seventh volume of “ LinnEea,” now fifty years ago,
Klotsch described two genera of Fungi, both of which appear to
have been unknown to, and puzzled mycologists down to the pre-
sent day. The first of these was Testicularia , of which the original
specimens, with the name in Klotsch’s own handwriting, are still
extant in the Royal Herbarium at Kew. Whilst looking over a
set of Ellis’s North American Fungi (exsiccati) we found there a
species called by Peck Milleria lierbatica) corresponding so exactly
to the figure and diagnosis by Klotsch that it seems scarcely par-
donable that these should have been overlooked, and a new genus
and species constructed. But so it is ; Milleria herbatica , Peck,
is no other than Testicularia cyperi, Klotsch, and both from the
same locality.

The other genus is Cycloderma , which pertains to the Gastero-
mycetes. It was figured, and thus described in “ Linnsea ” : —

“ Peridium duplex, exterius coriaceum, molle, interius discretum
papyraceum tenuissimum. Columella scyphiformis, centro peridii
interioris adnata. Capillitium radiatum, columellam et peridium
interius jungens, sporis minutis, nudis inspersum. Radiculosum,
stipite nullo.”

Then follows the species Cycloderma Indicum , from the West
Indies.

Down to the present time, no mycologist seems to have met with
a fungus, related to Lycoperdon and Scleroderma, which corres-
ponded to the above description,* and the genus itself began to
be regarded almost with doubt.

Very recently we received from our correspondent, A. P. Morgan,
of Ohio, a Gasteromycete which had puzzled our transatlantic
friends, and at once we recognised in it the long lost Cycloderma ,
by the distinct columella and the radiating capillitium. This, how-
ever, is not the precise species described by Klotsch, but closely
allied to it. Externally it resembles some such a Lycoperdon as
L. pynforme , but is firmer to the touch, and smooth. There is
no appearance of somewhat obscure scales, as in C. indicum, and
the apex, instead of being depressed, is obtusely papillate, or um-
bonate. It may be thus described : —

Cycloderma Ohiensis, Cke . Morg.

Subglobosum, album, lawe. Peridium glabrum, coriaceum,
superne umbonatum, inferne radicoso-fibrosum. Columella sub-

* Unless the species named by Montague, Cycloderma Weddellii, can be
excepted.

96

RE-APPEARANCE OP CYCLODERMA.

cylindrica, aiqualis, capillitioque radiante alba. Sporis minutissi-
mis, globosis hyalinis.

On the ground. Ohio, U.S.

About an inch in diameter, or less, columella two-thirds the
height of the peridium, wholly white within.

The double peridium is very distinct, especially as the individual
advances in age. The outer peridium is composed of rather coarse,
irregular, contorted fibres, closely interwoven. The capillitium is
an exceedingly delicate membrane, much folded, and plicate. The
spores are globose, hyaline, and very minute. We cannot say how
the spores escape, whether by rupture of the apex, since the speci-
mens are not old enough to determine, nor yet if they acquire
colour when more mature. These are points to be determined
hereafter. They were found growing several together on the bare
ground.

The re-discovery of this old genus is to us of far more interest
than a score of new genera of the modern Padovian type, and, in
conjunction with Testicularia , attests the accuracy of Klotsch’s
observations, which were not always so fortunate with Phanero-
gamia.

For comparison we give a copy of his sketch of the original
species on which the genus was founded.

Plate 160. Figs. 1-2. — Cycloderma indicum , after figures by Klotsch.

Fig. 3. — Cycloderma Ohiensis, natural size.

Fig. 4. — Section.

Fig. 5. — Portion of section showing double peridium.

Fig. 6. — Capillitium and spores X 400.

Fig. 7. — Portion of capillitium denuded of spores X 400.

Fig. 8. — Spoi'es X 400.;

Fig. 9. — Threads of outer peridium X 400.

Fig. 10. — Individual with young specimens at the base.

JDOTHIDEA FEOM LAKE iNYASSA.

The following foliicolous Dothulea , collected by Thomson, has
not yet been described : —

Dothidea Pentanisiae, CooTce. Amphigena. Maculis suborbicu-
laribus (1 cm.), brunneis. Peritheciis convexis, atris, nitidis, subru-
gosis, in maculas congestis. Ascis elliptico-clavatis, latis. Sporidiis
ellipticis, uniseptatis, medio constrictis, loculo inferiore tenuiore,
fuligineis (*018-'02 x *006 mm.).

On leaves of Pentanisia ? Lake Nyassa. (Thomson.)

GREVILLEA

PL. 160.

CYCLODERMA.

97

AUSTRALIAN FUNGI.

By M. C. Cooke. (Continued from p. 65.)
iECIDIOMYCETES.

Okd. I. puccmi^i.

Gen. 1. Rcestelia, Rebent.

Roestelia polita, Berk. Linn. Jonrn. XIII., 174.

On Muhlenbeckia Cunninghamii. Victoria.

Gen. 2. ^Ecidium. Pers.

JEcidium Ranunculacearum, DC. Berk. Linn. Journ. xiii., 173.

On Ranunculus. Tasmania, Port Philip, Victoria, Falkland
Islands.

JEcidium Goodeniaceaxum, Berk. Linn. Journ. xiii., 173.

On Selliera. S. Australia, Victoria.

.SEcidium Lobeliae, Thum. ) vide Puccinia.

JEcidium micxostomum, Berk. J aucta Miill.

JEcidium Senecionis, Desm. Ann. Sci. Nat., 1836, vi., 244.

(. AEcidium compositarum , DC., var. Senecionis.)

On Senecio. Victoria.

JEcidium apocynatum, Schwz. Berk, in Linn. Trans. Ser. 2, vol. i,

p. 407.

On Tabernemontana. Queensland.

JEcidium soleniifoxme, Berk, in FI. Tasm. n ., p. 270.

On Goodia latifolia. Tasmania.

JEcidium cystoseixoides, Berk, in FI. Tasm. n .,p. 270.

On Operculana , Tasmania.

JEcidium vexonicae, Berk, in Herb. No. 5202.

Sparsum, semi-immersum, fimbriato-marginatum.

On Veronica. Australia (Muller).

Specimens are old and discoloured, and the spores are dis-
persed.

JEcidium cymbonoti, Thum. in Mull. Supp. Phyt. Auitr.yp. 96.

Victoria. (No reference given to diagnosis.)

JEcidium callixenis, Berk, in Herb. No. 5163.

On Callixene marginata. Falkland Islands.

Gen. 3. Cronartium. Fr.

Cxonaxtium asclepiadeum, Fries. Ohs. i., 220.

On Jacksonia scoparia. Queensland.

Gen. 4. Puccinia. Pers.

Puccinia malvaceaxum, Mont. FI. Club, vin., 43.

On Malva rotundifolia , and Athcea rosea. Victoria.

Puccinia Dichondxae, Berk. Linn. Journ. xiii., 173.

Victoria.

Puccinia pxunoxum, Link. Sp. ir., 82.

Victoria.

8

98

AUSTRALIAN FUNGI.

Fuccinia aucta, Mull. Linn. Journ. xm., 173.

I. Mcidium micro stomvm, Berk. Linn. Journ. xiii., 173.

On Lobelia pedunculata.

AEcidium Lobelias , Thum. Grey iv , 75. (Victoria.)

II. Uredo Lobelice, Thum. (Victoria.)

III. Fuccinia ancta. Miill. 1. c.

On Lobelia anceps. S. Australia, Victoria.

Fuccinia Chondrillae, Corda. Icon, iv., /. 46.

II. Uredo cichoracearum. DC.

III. Fuccinia chondrillae. Corda.

S. Australia, Victoria, N. S. Wales.

Fuccinia graminis, Pers. Bisp. Fu?ig., 39.

II. Uredo linearis. Pers.

III. Fuccinia graminis. Pers.

On grasses. S. Australia, Victoria, N. S. Wales, Queensland.
Fuccinia straminis, DeBary Ann. Sci. Nat., 1866.

II. Uredo rubigo-vera. DC.

III. Puccinia straminis. Feld.

On grasses. S. Australia, Victoria, N. S. Wales.

Gen. 5. Uromyces. Lev.

Uromyces Betae, Kuhn, in Bot. Zeit., 1869, No. 450.

II. Uredo Betae. Pers. syn.

On beet leaves. Victoria.

Uromyces puccinioides, BerJc. fy Mull Linn. Journ. xnr., 173.

I. sFLcidium Goodeniacearum, B. (?).

III. Uromyces puccinioides. Berk. 1. c.

On Goodenia. S. Australia.

Gen. 6. Melampsora. Cast.

Melampsora Lini, Tul. A nn. Sci. Nat., 1854, ii.

On Linum. S. Australia, Victoria, N. S. Wales.

Melampsora phyllodiorum, B. A Br.

Queensland.

Gen. 7. Uredo. Pers.

Uredo restionum (Nees.), Mull. Supp. Phyt. Austr., p. 96.

W. Australia.

We have no knowledge of this species.

Uredo angiosperma, Thiim.in Mull. Supp. Phyt. Austr., p. 96.

W. Australia. (No reference to diagnosis.)

Uredo Maydis, DC. FI. Fr. vi., 77. Miill. in Supp. Phyt. Austr., p. 96.
Queensland.

This is an Ustilago , if the species of De Candolle, but we have
no knowledge of Australian specimens.

Uredo antarctica, Berk. Crypt. Antarct.,p. 58.

On Luzula. Campbell Islands.

Gen. 8. Cystopus. Lev.

Cystopus candidus, Lev. in Orb. Diet, xii., 787.

On Cruciferce . Victoria.

AUSTRALIAN FUNGI.

90

Ord. II. USTILAGINEI, Tul.

Gen. 1. Ustilago. Laviic.

Ustilago carbo, Tul. Mem. UstiL, p. 78 (U. segetum. Ditm .),

Queensland.

Ustilago marmorata, Berk. Linn. Journ. XIII., 174.

Mt. Gambier, S. Australia, Victoria.

Ustilago axicola, Berk. Ann. Nat. Hist. 1852, No. 55.

Queensland.

Ustilago Candollei, var. Berkeleyana, Tul. Mem. Ustil., p. 94.
Australia.

Ustilago pilulaeformis, Berk. Hook. Journ. Bot. ii., 523.

Victoria.

Ustilago IVXuelleriana, Thum. Myc. Univ., No. 623.

Victoria.

Ustilago bullata, Berk. FI. N. Zeal, n., 196, 1. 106,/. 12.

River Murray, S. Australia, Victoria, N. S. Wales.

Ustilago bromivora, Waldh. Ustilag., p. 215.

E. Australia, Murray River, S. Australia, Victoria, N. S. Wales.
Ustilago utriculosa, Tul. Mem. surles Ust.} p. 102.

Gipps Land, River Tambo.

Gen. 2. Sorosporium. Bud.

Sorosporium eriachnis, Thum. Mull. Supp. Phyt. Austr., p. 97.
Queensland.

Sorosporium IVtuelleri, Thum. Mull. Supp. Phyt. Austr., p. 97.
Victoria.

We have no reference to diagnoses of these species, which are
unknown to us.

Gen. 3. Thecaphora. Fing.

Thecaphora globuligera, B. Br. Linn. Trans., 1879.

Queensland.

Thecaphora leptocarpi, Berk. Linn. Journ. xvill., 388.

On Leptocarpus tenax. Wilson’s Promontory.

Gen. 4. Urocystis. Bahh.

Urocystis solida (Berk.). Waldh. Ustilag., p. 236.

Tasmania.

Gen. 5. Tilletia. Tul.

Tilletia caries, Tul. Mem. Ustil., p. 113.

S. Australia, Victoria, Tasmania, N. S. Wales, Queensland.

DISCOMYCETES.

Ord. I. HELVELLACEI, Fr.

Gen. 1. Morchella. Dill.

Morchella conica (Persi), Cooke, Myco.,t.8l, f. 315.

Victoria, Tasmania, Grampians, Upper Murray River, Mac-
quarrie River.

100

AUSTRALIAN FUNGI.

IVIorchella semilibera ( DC .), Ooolce, Myco., t. 85 ,/ 321.

Victoria, N. S. Wales.

Gen. 2. Helvella. Fr.

Helvella monachella, Fr. Sys. Myc. n., 18.

Tasmania.

Gen. 3. Leotia. Fr.

Leotla lubrica ( Pers .), Cooke, Myco.,t. 44,/. 171.

Victoria, Tasmania.

Gen. 4. Mitrula. Fr.

Mitrula vinosa (Berk.), Cke. Myco., t. 46,/. 181.

Tasmania.

Gen. 5. Geoglossum. Pers.

Geoglossum Muelleri, Berk. Cke. Myco., t.\, J. 2.

Australia.

Geoglossum Walteri, Berk. Cke. Myco., t. 1, f. 4.

Victoria.

Geoglossum hirsutum, Pers. Cke. Myco., t. 1, /. 3.

Victoria.

Geoglossum glabrum, Pers. Cke. Myco., t. 3, /. 1.

Victoria, Queensland.

Geoglossum Feckianum, Cke. Myco., t. 2, f. 5.

Australia.

Gen. 6. Peziza. Dill.

Sub. -gen. 1. Acetabula. Fr.

Feziza cinereo-nigra, B. <$• Br.Linn. Trans. Ser. 2 vol. i , p. 404, t. 46,

f. 16-18.

Queensland.

Sub.-gen. 2. Tarzetta. Cke.

Feziza alutsecolor, Berk. Cooke, Myco., t. 50. /. 198.

N. S. Wales.

Sub.-gen. 3. Trichoscypha. Cke.

Feziza tricholoma, Mont. Cke. Myco, t. 51, /. 202.
Daintree River.

Sub.-gen. 4. Otidea. Fckl. •

Feziza hirneoloides, Berk. Cke. Myco., t. 56, f. 220.
Victoria.

Sub.-gen. 5. Cochlearia. Cke.

Feziza aurantia, Vahl. Cke. Myco., t. 52, f. 203.

Victoria, Tasmania, Richmond River.

Feziza cochleata, Bull. Cke. Myco., t. 54, f. 212.

S. Australia, Victoria, Tasmania.

Feziza Drummondi, Berk. Cke. Myco., t. 56,/. 219.
W. Australia.

AUSTRALIAN FUNGI.

101

Peziza badia, Pers. Cke. Myco ., t. 57, f. 226.

S. W. Australia.

Sub.-gen. 6. Discina. Fr.

Peziza repanda, Wahl. Che. Myco., t. 62, / 240.

Victoria, N. S. Wales.

Peziza lumbricalis, Clce. Grevillea , vui., 61.

Victoria.

Sub.-gen. 7. Geoscypha. Che.

Peziza Thozetii, Berk • Linn. Jourm., xviii., p. 388.

Queensland.

Peziza vinoso-brunnea, B. fy Br. Linn. Trans. Ser. 2, vol. i, p. 404,
t. 45,/. 11-13.

Queensland.

Peziza recurva, Berk. Cke. Myco., t. 108.

Tasmania.

Sub.-gen. 8. Pyronema. Car.

Peziza melaloma, A. S. Cke. Myco., t. 17,/. 67.

W. Australia.

Sub.-gen. 9. Humaria. Fr.

Peziza Mulieri, Berk. Cke. Myco., t. 7, /. 26.

Tasmania.

Peziza rutilans, JBr. Cke. Myco., 1. 15, / 57.

W. Australia, S. Australia.

Peziza fusispora, Berk. Cke. Myco., t. 8, /. 32.

Tasmania.

Peziza carbonigena, Berk. Cke. Myco., t. 8, /. 29.

Tasmania.

Peziza Archeri, Berk. FI. Tasm. n., 274.

Tasmania.

Peziza scatigena, B. fy C. Cke. Myco., t. 18, /. 72.

Queensland.

Sub.-gen. 10. Sarcoscypha. Fr.

Peziza bulbosa, Hedm. Cooke, Myco., t. 48. /. 189.

Victoria.

Peziza coccinea, Jacq. Cke. Myco., t. 25, /. 95.

Tasmania.

Peziza splendens, Quelet. Cke. Myco., t. 112, /. 400.

S. W. Australia.

Sub.-gen. 11. Scutellinia. Cke.

Peziza scutellata, Linn. Cke. Myco., t. 34,/. 131.

W. Australia, Victoria, Tasmania, N. S. Wales, Queensland.
Peziza margaritacea, Berk. Cke. Myco., t. 34,/ 132.

Australia.

Peziza Dalmeniensis, Cke. Myco., t. 39, f. 153.

Victoria.

102

AUSTRALIAN FUNGI.

Feziza stercorea, Pers. Cke. Myco ., t. 38, f. 147.
Tasmania.

Sub.-gen. 12. Dasyscypha. Fr.

Feziza glabrescens, Cke. Sf Phil. Grev. vin., 62.

On Rliipogonum. Melbourne.

Feziza lanariceps, Cke. Sr Phil, Grev. yiii., 62.

On Rliipogonum. Melbourne.

Feziza virginea, Batsch. Elench.,p. 125.

Tasmania.

Feziza lachnoderma, Berk. FI. Tasm. ii., 274.
Tasmania.

Feziza hyalina, Pers. Syn., p. 655.

Tasmania.

Feziza epitephra, Berk. Fl. Tasm. II., 275.

On fallen leaves. Tasmania.

Feziza arachnoidea. Berk. Fl. Tasm. ii., 275.

On dead wood. Tasmania.

Sub.-gen. 13. Hymenoscypha. Fr.

Feziza iirma, Pers. Syn.,p. 658.

Tasmania.

Feziza eucalypti, Berk. Fl. Tasm. ii., 274, 1. 183, /. 13.
Tasmania.

Feziza ceratina, Berk. Fl. Tasm. ii., 275.

Tasmania.

Sub.-gen. 14. Mollisia. Fr.

Feziza cinerea, Batsch. Cont. 1, p. 196, /. 137.
Tasmania.

Sub.-gen. 15. Patellea. Fr.

Feziza Adamsoni, Berk. Linn. Journ. xni., p. 176.
Victoria.

Gen. 7. Helotium. Fr.

Helotium Berggreni, Cke. $ Phil. Grev. vm., 63.
Victoria.

Helotium citrinum, Hedw. Muse. II., p. 28.
Tasmania.

Helotium nigripes, Fr. Sys. Myc. II., 132.
Tasmania.

Helotium pateraeforme, Berk. Fl. Tasm. II., 276.
Tasmania.

Helotium claroflavum, Grev. Fl. Ed.,p. 424.
Victoria.

Helotium byssigenum, Berk. Fl. Tasm. ii., 275.
On dead sticks. Tasmania.

AUSTRALIAN FUNGI.

103

Helotium gratum, Berk. FI. Tasm. n., 275.

Oil dead wood.

Helotium terrestre, B. & Br. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W., 1880,^7. 89.*
Queensland.

Gen. 8. Chlorosplenium. Tul.

Chlorosplenium aeruginosum, Tul. Fung. Carp, hi., 187.

Victoria, Queensland.

Chlorosplenium omniverens, Berk. FI. Tasm II., p. 275.

Tasmania.

Gen. 9. Phillipsia. Berk.

Phillipsia subpurpurea, B. Br. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W., 1880, p. 88.
Queensland.

Phillipsia polyporoides, Berk. Linn. Journ. xviii., 386.

Ord. n. BULGARIACEI. Fr.

Gen. 1 . Cyttaria. Berk.

Cyttaria Gunnii, Berk. Hook. Lond. Journ., 1848, 576.

Tasmania.

Gen. 2. Ascobolus. Pers.

Ascobolus furfuraceus, Pers. Syn., p. 672.

On dung. W. Australia.

Ascobolus Archeri, Berk. FI. Tasm. n., 276.

On charcoal. Tasmania.

Ascobolus australis, Berk. Linn. Journ. xviii., 389.

Rockhampton.

Gen. 3. Bulgaria. Fr.

Bulgaria sarcoides, Fr. Sys. Myc. II., p. 168.

Victoria, Tasmania.

Gen. 4. Ombrophila. Fr.

Ombrophila violacea, Fr. Sum. Veg. Scan., p. 357.

Victoria.

Ord. III. PATELLARIACEI. Ir.

Gen. 1. Patellaria. Fr.

Patellaria Tasmanica, Berk. FI. Tasm. n., 276.

On dead wood. Tasmania.

Gen. 2. Cenangium. Fr.

Cenangium lichenoideum B. Sf Br. Linn. Trans. Ser. 2, vol. i,p. 404,

t. 45,/. 9.

Queensland.

# A number of names are recorded in this Journal, but without diagnoses,
and therefore absolutely useless.

104

AUSTRALIAN FUNGI.

Gen. 3. Urnula. Fr.

Urnula rhytidea (Berh), FI. N. Zeal, n., 200, t. 105,/. 6.
Richmond River.

Ord. IV. STICTIEI. Fr.

Gen. 1. Stictis. Pers.

Stictis radiata, Pers. Ohs. n., 73.

Tasmania.

Ord. V. HYSTERIACEI. Fr.

Gen. 1. Hysterium. Tode .

Hysterium elongatum, Wahl. Flor. Lapp., p. 528.
W. Australia.

Hysterium tardum, Berh. Fl.Tasm. ii., 281.
Tasmania.

Hysterium pulicare, Pers. Syn ., p. 98.

Clarence River.

Gen. 2. Glonium. Muhl.

Glonium stellatum, Muhl. Cat. Am., 101.
Tasmania.

Ord. VI. TUBER ACEI. Fr.
Gen. 1. Mylitta. Fr.

Mylitta australis, Berk. Ann. Nat. Hist, ill., 325.
Victoria, Tasmania, N. S. Wales, Queensland.

Mylitta pseudacaciae, Berk.

Tasmania.

NOTES ON VAUCHERIA.

The structure and development of Vaucheria has been so often
and so well studied and illustrated that the observation of any
new features is quite unexpected, and will probably encounter some
opposition, or at least excite some doi\bt. One of the generally
accepted conclusions is, that the threads of Vaucheria are con-
tinuous throughout their length, only presenting septa at the time
of reproduction when the short branchlets are isolated for that
purpose. At all events, successive septation of the main filament
does not appear to have been recognised by any one who has
■written upon this family. Of its development it is stated that
“ the lower part of the germ cell grows out into a branched, pale-
coloured root, and the upper part is elongated in a still more con-
siderable degree into a stem-like filament, which grows on and on
by apical development until its growth is finally arrested by fruc-

NOTES ON VAUCHEKI A.

105

tification.” That is, in effect, the recognition of Vaucheria as uni-
cellular.

During the keen weather at the commencement of the present
winter, Mr. Frederic Bates of Leicester collected some filaments
of Vaucheria from under the ice, and upon submitting them to
the microscope discovered that the main threads were much divided
by septa. He sent me portions of these threads mounted, and as
there was no positive evidence of the filaments belonging to
Vaucheria , at once I was prompted to reject his conclusion, and
affirm that some filaments of Cladophora must have been mixed
with the Vaucheria , for not only were the threads distinctly septate,
but there was an accumulation of plasma in the cells, and an ap-
pearance as of differentiation. Subsequently, however, all doubts
were removed, for I obtained a part of the gathering, and saw the
oogonia and antheridia so characteristic of Vaucheria seated on
filaments which, at a short distance, were septate in a similar
manner to the previously examined thread. The whole gathering
showed a great preponderance of septate filaments, divided com-
pletely, and somewhat constricted at the joints, some of the cells
being two, and others three times, or more the diameter, in length,
filaments which did not bear oogonia, or only one or two, being
most divided. Approaching the subject with a strong feeling
adverse to the production of veritable septa, every precaution was
taken, I think, to prevent any misinterpretation, and I was com-
pelled against my first impression to accept the fact that the fila-
ments of this undoubted Vaucheria had become divided off into
cells at the period of fructification.

The appearance of these cells in some sense differed from con-
tinuous threads, in that the plasma was collected towards one end,
or the centre of the cells, and in many instances was dense, ap-
parently mingled with oval bodies as if undergoing, or had under-
gone, differentiation. It must be stated that the filaments were
very much coated with small Diatomacece and other minute Algas,
so that the view was obstructed.

The question which at once suggested itself was — as to the object
of this septation. And here it may be suggested that the single
asexual zoospore, produced in small numbers, and the single
oospore produced in the oogonium, always has appeared to be a very
sparse provision for the reproduction of the species, as compared
with the large number of zoogonidia which are produced in every
fertile cell of Cladophora and Chcetomorpha. Even in the Botry-
diacece the multiplex modes of reproduction are strongly in con-
trast with what has been known as the reproductive process in
Vaucheria. For these reasons there does not appear to be any
improbability in the supposition that zoogonidia may be pro-
duced in Vaucheria, in cells divided off for that purpose. The
formation of the cells, the accumulation of the cytioplasm,
acquiring density and, as I strongly believe, differentiation, lend
strength to the probability that reproduction by zoogonidia may

9

106

NOTES ON VAUCHERIA.

yet be discovered in Vaucheria. We failed, both Mr. Bates and
myself, to detect any active zoogonidia, but we have both seen
bodies of a definite form, resembling zoogonidia at rest, in the
cells ; and in the water in which the gathering was kept were found
similar bodies outside the threads, some in a state of germination,
as shown on our plate. It must not be supposed that we affirm,
or have direct evidence to affirm, either that zoogonidia are
produced in the cells, or that the free germinating bodies are
escaped zoogonidia, but these circumstances are mentioned as
showing how necessary it is that Vaucheria should again become
the subject of investigation, for the purpose of discovering, beyond
doubt, what is the cause and true interpretation of this unsuspected
septation of the filament.

M. C. Cooke.

Plate 161. Fig. 1. — Portion of filament of Vaucheria bearing
oogonia and antheridium.

Figs. 2, 3, 4. — Portions of filaments divided into cells by
transverse septa, the contents accumulated, and
undergoing differentiation at a, a.

Figs. 5-6. — Cells from the water in which the Vaucheria
was kept, in process of germination.

Note. — The septation above described differs materially from that detailed
by Stahl in “ Bot. Zeit.,” 28 Feb., 1879, called by him the Gongrosira form,
from its apparent identity with the Gongrosira dichotoma, Kutz.

NORTH AMERICAN FUNGI.

By M. C. Cooke.

Polyporus (Anodermei) leucospongia, Che. & Hark.

Albus ; pileo spongioso, mollissimo pulvinato, gibbo, margine
tenui, incurvo ; poris subangulatis, aequalibus mm. diam.), dis-
sepimentis tenuibus, fragilibusque, albis.

On trunks. California.

Pileus 3 to 4 inches by 1 to 1 J inches ; not unlike in some points
Polyporus labyrinthicus Schwz. but spores much smaller, and not
toothed or lacerated, whole substance very soft and spongy.
Hymenochsete purpurea, Cke. <$f Morg.

Laete purpurea, tota resupinata, spongiosa ; margine pallidiore,
fibroso-radiato, hymenio velutino, contexto lilacino -pallido ; setis
longioribus, leniter asperulis.

On bark. Ohio, U.S. (A. P. Morgan.)

This agrees with two or three species only in its spongy texture,
and in the facility with which the long setae are isolated, adherent
and continuous with their pedicels. Setae T to *14 mm. long, with
pedicels of equal length. Its nearest ally is Hymenochcete crassa,
Lev. More spongiose, with the setae twice as long as in H.
scabriseta, and of a different colour.

Hymenochaete scabriseta, Che. in Rav. Fungi Amer., No. 717.

Resupinata, purpureo-fusca, molle, sub-spongiosa ; margine
tenuiore pallidiori, demum leniter libero ; Hymenio velutino, laevi,

GREVILLEA

PL. 161.

VAUCHERIA.

NORTH AMERICAN FUNGI.

107

setis elongatis, clavatis, stipitatis, superne asperatis (*1 mm. long,
stipite incluso).

On bark of Myrica. Darien, Georgia.

The seti are stipitate, as in the spongy species generally, with
the stem equal in length to the scabrous head.

Cycloderma Ohiensis, Cke. Morg., for diagnosis see Grevillea xi., p.%.

Geoglossum Farlowi, Che.

Hirsutum, nigrum, clavula elongata compressa, sicco subplicata.
Ascis cylindrico-clavatis. Sporidiis inordinatis, linearibus, leniter
curvulis, 3-septatis, brunneis (-07 x ‘005 mm.). Paraphysibus ut
in G. hirsuto.

Amongst grass.

It is very much a matter of opinion whether this, and G. Walteri
C., and G velutipes Pk. should be regarded as varieties of G.
hirsutum , or as distinct species.

Cenangium rubiginosum, Cke. in Rav . Fungi Amer., No. 635.

Sparum vel gregarium, rubiginosum; cupulis erumpentibus, coria-
ceis, breviter stipitatis, glabris, disco pallidiore. Ascis cylindraceis.
Sporidiis ellipticis, vel utrinque leniter acuminatis, hyalinis,
nucleatis (-016 x ‘008 mm.).

On Ostrya Virginica.

Stictis strobilina, Cke. in Rav. Fungi Amer., No. 636.

Sparsa, pallida, in strobilos immersa. Cupulis (1-3 mm. long),
sublanceolatis, primitus marginatis, ochraceo-pallidis, siccitate
cinereis. Ascis cylindrico-clavatis. Sporidiis arcte ellipticis,
(•008-’013 x *004-'005 mm.). continuis, nucleatis, hyalinis.

On scales of cones of Pinus Australis.

Ascomyces Quercus, Cke.

Maculis orbicularibus, brunneis, bullatis. Ascis hypophyllis,
breviter claxatis. Sporidiis minutis, numerosissimis, ellipticis,
hyalinis (*005 mm. long).

On leaves of Quercus cinerea. S. Carolina.

Hysterium (Hysterographium) stygium, Cke.

Superficiale, sparsum ; peritheciis lanceolatis, atris, nitidis,
glabris (^-1 mm. long). Ascis clavatis. Sporidiis ellipticis,
ovatisve, multis eptatis, muriformibus, fuscis (*03 x ‘013 mm.).

On bark of Quercus, &c.

Hysterium lineolatum, Cke.

Sparsum vel gregarium, erumpens, lineolatum. Peritheciis
angustis, obtusis, atris, longitudinaliter striatulis, demum sub-
hiantibus. Ascis clavatis. Sporidiis fusoideo-ellipticis, multiseptatis,
muriformibus, hyalinis (,025-*035 *008-*015 mm.) . Paraphysibus

sursum incrassatis, brunneis.

On stumps of oak. Texas, Florida, New Jersey.

Hysterium ovatum, Che. in Rav. Fungi Amer., Ao. 321.

Gregarum, superficiale. Peritheciis ovatis, utrinque obtusis,
atris, longitudinaliter striatis, labiis arcte conniventibus. Ascis
subcylindraceis. Sporidiis sublanceolatis, utrinque rotundatis,
•015-'018 x ‘008 mm., hyalinis, nucleatis, demum pseudo-triseptatis.
On old oak stumps.

108

NORTH AMERICAN FUNGI.

Nectria (Calonectria) chlorinella, Cooke in Rav. Fungi Amer ., No. 736.

Sparsa, superficialis, globosa, citrina. Peritheciis lanato-tomentosis,
papillatis, ostiolo nudo. Ascis clavatis. Sporidiis elongato-ellipticis,
utrinque obtusis, rectis vel sub-curvulis, 1-3 septatis, hyalinis
(*018-,02 x '005 mrn.).

On bark of Ulmus Americanus , Seaboard of S. Carolina.

Nectria rimincola, Cooke in Rav. Fungi Amer., No. 644.

Gregaria, vel subsparsa, superficialis, coccinea, in rimis corticis
nidulantibus ; Peritheciis subglobosis, dein depressis, glabris, sub-
nitidis Q-mm.). Ascis cylindraceis. Sporidiis ellipticis, uniserialibus,
uniseptatis, hyalinis, nec constrictis (*012 x ’004 mm.).

In cracks of bark of Liquidambar, Seaboard of S. Carolina.
Nectria rhizogena, Cooke in Rav. Fungi Amer., No. 645.

Caespitosa, erumpens, stromatica, aurantio-rubra, demum
coccinea. Peritheciis subglobosis, glabris, vix papillatis (10-12)
in csespitulis parvis erumpentibus. Ascis cylindraceis. Sporidiis
arcte ellipticis, uniseptatis, hyalinis (*008-'009 X '003 mm.),
conidiis tnbercularioideis, roseis (*005 x 002 mm.).

On roots of Ulmus. Seaboard of S. Carolina.

Clusters, 1 mm. diam. ; perithecia, J mm. diam.

Nectria fimeti, Cooke in Rav. Fungi Amer., No. 646.

Gregaria, vel subsparsa, aureofulva. Peritheciis subglobosis, in
stromate byssoideo aureo nidulantibus, superne nudis, glabris,
inferne tomentosis. Ascis cylindraceis. Sporidiis ellipticis, con-
tinuis ("015 x ‘008 mm.) hyalinis.

On cow dung. Aiken, S. Carolina.

Dothidea Tamaricis, Cke. in Rav. Fungi Amer., No. 668.

Erumpens. Pustulis atris, truncatis, suborbicularibus, cellulis
(4-8) in stromate immersis; Ascis clavatis. Sporidiis inordinatis,
elliptieo-lanceolatis, hyalinis, continuis (’018 x *008 mm.).

On branches of Tamarix. Aiken, S. Carolina.

Dothidea Baccharidis, Cke. in Rav. Fungi Amer., No. 738.

Erumpens. Pustulis atris, depressis, ovatis ellipticisve, cellulis
in stromate immersis. Ascis clavatis. Sporidiis subellipticis
uniseptatis, fuscis, loculo inferiori multo minori (*02 x '012 mm.).

On branches of Baccharis. Seaboard of S. Carolina.

Melogramma (Botryosphaeria) ficus, Cke. in Rav. Fungi Amer.,

No. 797.

Erumpens. Peritheciis minimis, obtusis, atris, opacis, in
csespitulis lineasque erumpentibus. Ascis clavatis. Sporidiis
elliptieo-lanceolatis, continuis, hyalinis (‘025 x ’01 mm.).

On bark of Ficus carica. Aiken, S. Carolina.

Melogiamma Callicarpae, Cie. in Rav. Fungi Amer., No. 767.

This is in too imperfect a condition for diagnosis.

Diatrype Azedarachtae, Cke. in Rav. Fungi Amer., No. 744.

Erumpens. Stroma atra, convexa, suborbicularis, intus con-
color. Peritheciis compressis. Ascis clavatis. Sporidiis allan-
toideis, pallido-fuscis (*012 x ’003 mm.).

On branches of Melia. Seaboard of S. Carolina.

NORTH AMERICAN FUNGI.

109

Valsa atomaespora, Cke. in Bav. Fungi Amer., No. 660.

Immersa. Peritheciis (4-6) subglobosis, atris, in ligno immersis,
ostiolis elongatis, convergentibus, erumpentibus. Ascis minutis
(’015 x '005 mm.), elavat o-lanceolatis. Sporidiis allantoideis,
minutissimis (vix *0025 mm. long, superantibus) hyalinis.

On Cornus. Seaboard of S. Carolina.

The fruit is the most minute of any species with which we are
acquainted.

Valsa niphoclina, Cke.in Bav. Fungi Amer., No. 748.

Lineato-erumpens. Peritheciis ovatis, in stromate niveo nidu-
lantibus, ostiolis brevibus, convergentibus, sulcatis, in lineas trans-
versas erumpentibus. Ascis cylindrico-clavatis. Sporidiis allan-
toideis, hyalinis (-008 x '002).

On bark of Betula nigra. Florence, S. Carolina.

Valsa tecta, Cke. in Eav. Fungi Amer., No. 747.

Tecta, inconspicua. Peritheciis circinatis, paucis, in corticem
nidulantibus, ostiolis minimis, brevibus. Ascis clavatis. Sporidiis
inordinatis, sublanceolatis, quadri-nucleatis, demum uniseptatis,
hyalinis (*018 x '005 mm.).

On bark of Myrica. Darien, Georgia.

This has nothing of the habit of a Diaporthe, as we comprehend
that genus.

Byssosphaeria corynephora, Cke.

Effusa, aterrima. Hyphis repentibus, septatis, ramulosis, ramulis
assurgentibus, conidiis clavatis, infra longe attenuatis, fuscis, multi-
septatis (9-11) superne truncatis (*15 x *018 mm.). Peritheciis
subglobosis, depressis, superne glabris, ad basim tomentoso
intertextis. Ascis cylindrico-clavatis. Sporidiis lanceolatis, con-
tinuis, hyalinis (*02 x ‘004 mm.).

On Ostrya Virginica.

Sphaeria ceratotheca, Cke. in Bav. Fungi Amer., No. 677.

Superficialis, subiculo atro conidiifero nidulans. Peritheciis
minimis, atris, opacis, hsemisph sericis ; Ascis lanceolatis, sursum
acute cornuto-apiculatis. Sporidiis lanceolatis, triseptatis, hyalinis,
(’025 x '005 mm.), conidiis pluri-septatis, muriformibus, brunneis,
(*045-'05 mm. long).

On culms of Zea Mays. Aiken, S. Carolina.

Ceratostoma hystricina, Cke. in Bav. Fungi Amer., No. 674.

Gregaria, subimmersa, demum emergens, subsuperficialisque.
Peritheciis atrofuscis, globosis, tomentosis, rostellatis; ostiolis
cylindricis, subflexuosis. Ascis cylindraceis. Sporidiis elliptico-
lanceolatis, hyalinis ('016-*018 x '006 mm.).

On bark of Ficus. Aiken, S. Carolina.

Sphaeria (obtectae) uvaesarmenti, Cke. in Bav. Fungi Amer., No. 678.

Tecta, sparsa, vel subgregaria. Peritheciis globosis, atris, sub-
prominulis. Ascis clavatis. Sporidiis lanceolatis, continuis, hyalinis,
(*04 x '008 mm.).

On twigs of Vitis. Aiken, S. Carolina.

110

NORTH AMERICAN FUNGI.

Sphaeria Baptisiaecola, Che. in Rav. Iungi Amer., No. 680.

Tecta, punctiformis, caulicola. Peritheciis tenuis, minimis, vix
prominulis, tectis. Ascis clavatis. Sporidiis biserialibus, sublanceo-
latis, uniseptatis, hyalinis (*0 1 5 x *0035 mm.).

On Baptisia leucantha. Aiken, S.C.

Technically, this is perhaps a Sphaerella.

Sphaeria (Foliicolae) hederaefolia, Che. in Rav. Fungi Amer., No. 683.

Foliicola, gregaria. Peritheciis globosis, semi-immersis, atris.
Ascis clavatis. Sporidiis elliptico-lanceolatis, vel clavatis, tri-
septatis, hyalinis ('02 x ’008 mm.).

On leaves of Hedera helix. Aiken, S. Carolina.

Sphaerella (Laestadia) leucothoes, Che. in Rav. Fungi Amer., No. 687.

On Leucothoe. Pinopolis, S. Car.

See “ Journal of Botany,” March, 1883.

Sphaerella Taxodii, Che. Ra>'. Fungi Amer., No. 686. Journal of Botany,

March, 1883.

On Taxodium distichum. Seaboard, S. Carolina.

Sphaerella cornifolia ( Schwz ), Che. in Rav. Fungi Amer., No. 688.
Journal of Botany, March, 1883.

On Cornus florida. Aiken, S. Car.

Sphaerella populifolia, Che. Rav. Fungi Amer., No. 689. Journal of

Botany, March, 1883.

On Populus angulatus. Seaboard, S. Carolina.

Sphaerella aquatica, Cke. Rav. Fungi Amer., No. 690. Journal of

Botany, March, 1883.

On Quercus aquatica. Seaboard, S. Carolina.

Sphaerella Prini, Cke. in Rav. Fungi Amer., No. 75 3. Journal of

Botany, March, 1883.

On Prinos glaber. Pinopolis, S. Carolina.

Sphaerella oleina, Cke. in Rav. Fungi Amer., No. 754. Journal of
Botany, March, 1883.

On Olea. Darien, Georgia.

Sphaerella convexula ( Schwz ), Cke, in Rav. F'ungi Amer., No. 755.

Journal of Botany, March, 1883.

On Carya. Aiken, S. Carolina.

Sphaerella platanifolia, Cke. Rav. Fungi Amer,, No. 756. Journal of

Botany, March, 1883.

On Platanus occidentalis. Darien, Georgia.

Sphaerella Gardeniae, Cke. in Journal of Botany, March, 1883.

On Gardenia florida. Aiken, S. Car.

Sphaerella Gordoniae, Che. in Journal of Botany , March, 1883.
Sphaerella Gardeniae, Cke. in Rav. Fungi Amer., No. 799.

On Gordonia. Darien, Georgia.

The above error in the Exsiccati should be corrected.

Sphaerella lenticula, Cke. in Rav. Fungi Amer., No. 800. Journal of
Botany, March, 1^83,

On Cerasus Caroliniana. Aiken, S. Carolina.

Sphaerella minimaepuncta, Cke. in Rav. Fungi Amer., No. 681. Journal
of Botany. March , 1883.

On stems of Gladiolus. Aiken, S. Carolina.

NORTH AMERICAN FUNGI.

Ill

Sphaerella Californica, Che. in Journal of Botany , March, 1883.

On grass. California (No. 1242).

Sphaerella philochorta, Che. in Journal of Botany, March, 1883.
On grasses. Maine.

ENUMERATION OF THE BRITISH CLADONIEI

(With their Arrangement, General Distribution in Great Britain

and Ireland, and Reference to British Published Exsiccati).

By The Rev. J. M. Crombie, F.L.S.

Genus I. PYCNOTHELIA (Ach.).

1. P. papillaria (Ehrh.).— Exs. Leight. 208, Mudd 22, Clad. 80,
Cromb. 121. Not uncommon in Great Britain and Ireland. — F.
molariformis (Hffm.). Rare in S. England.

2. P. apoda, Nyl.— Rare in W. Ireland, Galway.

Genus II. CLADONXA (Hffm.).

A. Phaeocarpae.
a. MA CR OPR YLL1N2H.

3. Cl. endiviaefolia ( Dchs .). — Exs. Dcks. Hort. Sic. 24. Appa-
rently rare in S. England, and only sterile.

4. Cl. alcicornis ( Lghft .). — Exs. Leight. 15, Mudd Clad. 1,
Cromb. 122, Larb. Ccesar. 56. Not uncommon. A spadiceous
state occurs at Lydd beach. — F. gracilescens, Cromb. “ Lacinias
very narrow, much divided, podetia narrow, and narrowly scyphi-
ferous.” Rare in S. Wales.

5. Cl. firma, Nyl. — Exs. Larb. Ccesar. 57. Rare in the Channel
Islands and S. England.

b. MICRO PHILL1N

f Scyphophorce.

6. Cl. pyxidata ( L .). — Exs. Mudd Clad. 6. General and
common. — F. lophyra (Ach.). Rare in S.W. England and the
S.W. Highlands. — F. epiphylla (Ach.). Rare in E. England.

var. symphicarpa (Ach.). — Sparingly in S.W. England and the
S.W. Highlands.

var. pocillum (Ach.).-— Rare in Britain, and not seen from Ire-
land .

var. chlorophaea, Flk. — Exs. Mudd Clad. 7-11, Leight. 899.
General and not uncommon in Britain. — F. lepidophora, Flk.
Apparently rare in England and in N.E. Scotland. — F. myno-
carpa (Coem.). — Exs. Larb. Ccesar. 58. Rare in the Channel
Islands, S. and W. England, and amongst the S. Grampians.

7. Cl. leptophylla (Ach.). — Very rare in S. England.

112

ENUMERATION OF THE BRITISH CLADONIEI.

8. Cl. pityrea, Flh.— Exs. Mndd Clad. 27-29, Larb. Ccesar. 8.

Somewhat local in England, rare in the S.W. Highlands. — F. holo-
lepis, Flk. (not Mudd Exs. 33 s.n .). Rare amongst the S.

Grampians.

9. Cl. acuminata ( Ach ). — Very local in the Highlands of Scot-
land and in Galway. From this

* Cl. Lamarckii {Del.), differs chiefly in the less decided re-
action with K. Rare in the W. Highlands.

10. Cl. cariosa {Ach.). — Exs. Mudd Clad. 5. Rare in Britain and
S.W. Ireland.

11. Cl. fimbriata ( L.), including ff. denticulata (Flk.), costata
(Flk.), pterygota (Flk.).— Exs. Mudd 8, Clad. 14, 15, 17, 18.
General and abundant.

var. conista {Ach ). — Exs. Mudd Clad. 13. Local and rare in
S.W. and N. England, and amongst the Grampians. — F. exigua
(Huds.). Very rare in E. England.

var. tubaeformis (Hffm).— Exs. Mudd 7, Leight. 377. Sparingly
in England and the Highlands. — F. macra (Flk.). Exs. Mudd
Clad. 12. Local in England, the W. Highlands and S. Ireland.

var, carneopallida {Flk.).— Very rare in E. England.

* Cl. fibula (Ach.). — The type of this has not yet apparently
been gathered in Britain.

var. abortiva (Flk). — Local in N. England and the W. Highlands.

var. subcornuta, Nyl. — Exs. Mudd Clad. 19-21. Pretty general
in Britain and Ireland.

var. radiata ( Schreb .). — Exs. Mudd Clad. 23, Leight. 376.
Somewhat local in Britain and Ireland. — F. nemoxyna (Ach.).
Rare in N. England and amongst the S. Grampians.

11 bis. Cl. gracilis (L.) — chordalts, Flk. — Exs. Leight. 296, Mudd
lO, 11, Clad. 34, 37, Larb. Lich. Hb. 207. General and com-
mon.— F. abortiva , Schaer. — Exs. Mudd Clad. 36. Local in N.
England and the Highlands. — F. aspera , Flk. — Exs. Leight.
402. Rare in Central and N. England.

var. hybrida, ( Hffm .). — Local amongst the Scottish Grampians.

* Cl. gracillima, Norrl— Scarce in N. England and in N.E.
Scotland.

12. Cl. cornuta (L.) — Rare amongst the Scottish Grampians.

13. Cl. ochrochlora, Flk.— Exs. Mudd Clad. 24-26. Local in
England and the W. Highlands. — F. ceratodes, Flk. — Exs. Mudd
Clad. 23. Seen only from N. England.

14. Cl. verticillata (Hffm.) — Exs. Mudd Clad. 3. Rather local in
Britain, and rare in W. Ireland — F. laciniolata, Nyl. “ Lacinise
elongated and narrower at the base, the scyphi laciniolose at the
margins.” Rare in S.W. England and the W. Highlands.

15. Cl. cervicornis (Ach.)— Exs. Mudd 9 in pt. General and
not uncommon. — F. stipata , Nyl. Local in W. England and W,
Ireland.

ENUMERATION OF THE BRITISH CLADONIEI.

113

16. Cl. sobolifera {Del.). — Exs. Leiglit. 14, Mndd 9 in pt., Clad.
2, Larb. Lich. Hb. 322. Somwliat local in Britain and Ireland.

17. Cl. macrophylla {Sclicer.). — Local amongst the Scottish
Grampians.

18. Cl. degenerans, Flk. — Extremely local and rare amongst the
N. Grampians. — F. haplotea (Ach.). Local and scarce in the
Highlands. — F. granulifera, Cromb. “ Podetia densely verrucoso-
granulose, simple or shortly branched above, obscurely scyphi-
ferous.” Only a single specimen gathered in Braemar.

var. anomsea {*ch). — Apparently local and scarce in E. and S.
England and in S. Scotland.

var. hypophylla, Nyl. — Exs. Mudd Clad. 18. As yet seen only
from N. England. Since, however, the reaction is K-\ it pro-
bably descends rather from Cl. cervicornis.

* Cl. trachyna {Ach.). — Very rare amongst the N. Grampians. — F.
subfurcata , Nyl. Very local in Braemar.

|f Ascyphce.

19. Cl. turgida (. Ehrh ). — Extremely rare amongst the N. Gram-
pians.

20. Cl. furcata, Hffm. = subulata {L). — Exs. Mudd 16 in pt.,
Clad. 50, 51. Probably general and common. — F. exilis, Mudd. —
Exs. Mudd Clad. 53. Sparingly in N. England and the High-
lands.— F. spinosa (Huds.). Rare in England and S. Scotland.

var. corymbosa {Ach.). — Exs. Leight. 401. Local in England,
the W. Highlands, and S. W. Ireland.

* Cl. racemosa {Hffm).— Exs. Mudd Clad. 46, 47. Probably
general and not uncommon. — F. recurva (Hffm.). — Exs. Mudd
Clad. 48, 49. Very local in Britain, not seen from Ireland.

** Cl. coralloidea {Ach), Nyl.— Exs. Mudd. 4. Rare in N.
England.

21. Cl. pungens {Ach). — Exs. Leight. 16, Mudd 16 in pt., Clad.
54, 55, Cromb. 123. General and common in England, rarely in
Scotland and Ireland. — F. foliosa, Flk. Somewhat local in Eng-
land.

* Cl. muricata {Del), — Exs. Leight. 369. Local in S. and
Central England, where a folioliferous state also occurs.

22. Cl. crispata {Ach).— Exs. Mudd Clad. 45. Rare in N. Eng-
land and amongst the Grampians.

* Cl. furcatiformis, Nyl.— Exs. Mudd 12. Very local, and
scarce in N. England.

23. Cl. scabriuscula {Del.).— Rare in the Channel Islands, S.
W. England, and the W. Highlands.

24. Cl. cenotea {Ach). — Apparently very rare and local in the
W. Highlands. Cl. glauca, Flk. seems to be a subspecies of
this. Rare in W. England.

114

ENUMERATION OF THE BRITISH CLADONIEl.

25. Cl. squamosa, Effm. — Exs. Mudd 13, Cromb. 124, Larb.
Ccesar. 10 in pt. Pretty general and common in Britain and
Ireland — F. ventricosa ( Ach., not Huds.). Rather local in Eng-
land and Scotland. — F. frondosa (Del.). Rare in the W. High-
lands.— F. cucullata (Del.) — Exs. Mudd 14, Clad. 33, 50 fide
Nyl. Local in N. England and W. Ireland, but perhaps hothing
very typical.

* Cl. adspersa (Fife.).— Nyl. Local and scarce in Britain and
Ireland.

26. Cl. subsquamosa, Nyl.— Exs. Mndd 14, Larb. Coesar. 10 in
pt., Leight. 405. Somewhat local in Britain and Ireland. — F.
tumida Cromb., analogous to f. ventricosa of Cl. squamosa. Rare
in S. England and the W. Highlands.

27. Cl. speciosa {Bel.) — Exs. Mudd Clad. 41 (s. n. asperella ,
Flk). Extremely rare in N. England. — F . polychonia Flk. — Exs.
Mudd Clad. 42. Extremely rare in N. England, as also apparently
in other countries.

28. Cl. csespititia {Pers.). — Exs. Mudd Clad. 44, Larb. Ccesar. 9,
Leight. 368. Somewhat local in Britain and Ireland.

29. Cl. delicata (Ehrh.). — Exs. Mudd 15, Clad. 43, Leight. 382.
Rather scarce in England and the W. Highlands.

B. Erythrocarpae.

30. Cl. coccifexa (L.). — Exs. Mudd 23, Clad. 65-67, Leight.
375, 404. General and common.

var. asotea {Ach.). — Local and scarce amongst the N. Grampians.

* Cl. pleuxota {Flk.).— Very local in Britain and Ireland.

31. Cl. bellidifloxa (Ach.).— Rare in W. and N. England, more
frequent amongst the Grampians; doubtful in Ireland. N.B. Cl.
vestita Leight. is nothing typical. — F. gracilenta (Ach.). Local and
rare amongst the N. Grampians.

var. Hookexii {Tuck.).— Extremely rare amongst the N. Gram-
pians.

32. Cl. defoxmis (L.).— Exs. Mudd 25, Clad. 68. Somewhat
local in Britain, and not seen from Ireland. — F. gonecha (Ach.).
Rare in N. England and amongst the Grampians.

33. Cl. digitata {L.).— Exs. Mudd Clad. 76 (juvenilis) fide Nyl.
Apparently local in England and Scotland ; not seen from Ireland.
— F. monstrosa (Ach.). Rare in the Highlands of Scotland.

34. Cl. macilenta (Ehrh.). — Exs. Mudd 29, Clad. 75, Leight.
297, Larb. Licli. Hb. 283. Pretty general in Britain, rarer in
Ireland. — F. styracella (Ach.). Apparently local in S. and N.
England. — F. scolecina (Ach.). Bare and local in 8., E. and
Central England, and extremely rare with apothecia. — F. clavata
(Ach.). — Exs. Mudd Clad. 79, Leight. 403 in pt. Local and
scarce in W. and N, England, and amongst the N. Grampians. —

115

ENUMERATION OF THE BRITISH CLADONIEI.

F. scabrosa Mudd, Exs. Mudd Clad. 73. Rare in S. and N. Eng-
land.— F. deminuta Cromb. “ Thallus at the base and the podetia
very minute ; apothecia numerous, minute, bright scarlet.” Ex-
tremely rare in the W. Highlands.

var. polydactyla (Fib.). — Exs. Leight. 274, Mudd 27, 28, Clad.
77, 78. Somewhat local in Britain, rare in S. W. Ireland.

var. carcata ( Ach .).- Exs. Mudd 23, Clad 72. Local in W. and
N. England, and amongst the Grampians ; not certain from Ire-
land.

var. ostreata, Nyl — Exs. Mudd Clad. 69, Leight. 371. Local
in S., W. and N. England.

35. Cl.'bacillaris (Ach.).— Nyl. — Exs. Mudd Clad. 70 (juvenilis)
fide Nyl. Local and scarce in W. and N. England and amongst
the Grampians. — F. pityropoda , Nyl. Local and scarce in the W.
Highlands.

36. Cl. Floerkeana, Fr. — Very local and rare in the Scottish
Highlands and in S. W. Ireland. — F. trachypoda , Nyl. — Exs. Mudd
Clad. 71, Larb. Lich. Hb. 84. Not unfrequent in Britain and
Ireland.

Genus III. CLABINA, Nyl.

37. Cl. rangiferina (L.)— Probably general and common, but
certainly less so than the following species. — F. gigantea (Ach.).
Rare amongst the Grampians.

38. Cl. sylvatica (Hffm.).— Exs. Leight. 57, Mudd 19, 20, Clad.
37, 58, 60, Larb. Lich. Hb. 242, 243. General and abundant. —
F. laceiata (Del.). Rare in N. E. Scotland. — F. portentosa
(Duf.). Local in S. W. and Central England.

var. alpestris (X.).— Exs. Larb. Lich. Hb. 85. Rather local and
scarce in Britain and Ireland. — F. pumila (Ach.). — Exs. Mudd
Clad. 59. Local and rare in England and Scotland.

39. Cl. uncialis (L.).— Exs. Leight. 58. General and common.
— F. bolacina (Ach.). — Exs. Mudd 17, Clad. 61. Rare in N.
England and amongst the Grampians. — F. adunca (Ach.). — Exs.
Mudd 21, Clad. 62. Probably general, and not uncommon. — F.
obtusata (Ach.). Somewhat local in Scotland and W. Ireland. —
F. turgescens (Fr.). Rare in S. and W. England and amongst the
Grampians.

40. Cl. amaurocrsea (Flk.).— Rare amongst the N. Grampians,
and in Connemara. N.B. Var myriocrcea (Flk.), Mudd Exs. 18,
Clad. 63, is very doubtfully referable to this species, the specimens
seen being imperfect.

* Cl. destricta, Nyl— Exs. Mudd Clad. 64. Local in N. Eng-
land ; more frequent amongst the Grampians, but always sterile.

There is no doubt that further research will add at least a few
more species and varieties to the above extensive list, as our Islands
are certainly very rich in Cladonias.

116

CLASSIFICATION OF THE UREDINES.

By C. B. Plowright.*

The following arrangement of British species is founded upon
that of Schroter, as modified and applied by Dr. Winter and the
present writer.

UROMYCES, Link.

A. Lepturomyces. Teleutospores only ; wliich germinate at
once.

B. Micruromyces. Teleutospores only, which easily fall from
their stems, and germinate only after a period of rest.

U. ficaria, Schum, ; U. ornithogali, Wallr. ; U. scillarum , Grey.

C. Hemiuromyces. Uredo and teleutospores.

U. scutellatus , Schr. (U. excavata, DC.) ; U. tuberculatus , Fckl. ;
U. rumicis , Schum. (U. apiculatus ; U. bifrons, DC.) ; U. alche-
milla , Pers. (U. intrusa, Lev.) ; U. sparsus, Kze. & Schm.

D. Uromycopsis. iEcidio — and teleutospores.

U. scrophularia, DC. (U. concomitans, B. fy Br.) ; U. behenis
DC.

E. Euromyces. Having secidio, uredo and teleutospores.

(a.) Auteuromyces. All three spore forms on the same host
plant.

V. polygoni , Pers. ; U. beta, Pers. ; U. salicornia, DC. ; U.
limonii, DC. ; U. valeriance, Schum.; U. phaseoli, Pers. (U. api-
culatus) ; U. orobi , Pers. (U. fabae, Pers.) ; U. trifolii , A. & S.
U. parnassice, Grev.

(b.) Heter euromyces. Spermogonia and aecidio- spores on one

host-plant, nredo and teleutospores upon another.

U. dactylidis, Otth. (U. graminum, Cke.) ; iEcidiospores on
Ranunculus acids, repens , and bulbosus. Teleutospores on Dactylis
glomerata.

U. poce, Rabh. iEcidiospores on Ranunculus ficaria. Teleuto-
spores on Poa nemoralis and P . pratensis (not British.)

U. junci, Desm. iEcidiospores on Inula dysenterica, L. Teleu-
tospores on Juncus obtusifolius, Ehr.

U. pisi, Pers. uEcidiospores on Euphorbia cyparissias, L.
(British?) Teleutospores on Vicia cracca, L.; Pisum arvense,
L., Pisum sativum , L., Lathyrus tuberosus , L., I^athyrus pratensis,
L., and L. sylvestris.

PUCCINIA, Pers.

A. Leptopuccinia. Having only teleutospores which are firmly
fixed to the host-plant, and germinate at once while still attached.

P. buxi , DC.; P. annularis, Str. (P. Scorodonia?, Lk.)\ P.
verrucosa , Schultz (P. glechomatis, DC.) ; P. veronica, Schum. ;

* Read before the Birmingham Natural History and Microscopical
Society, 20th Feb., 1883. We are unable for lack of space to print the
introductory observations. — Ed.

CLASSIFICATION OF THE UREDINES.

117

P. asteris , Duby. (P. millefolii, Fckl.) ; P. valantia, Pers. (P.
acuminata, Fckl.) ; P. chryso splenii, Grev. ; P. circaa, Pers. ; P.
malvacearum , Mont. ; P. arenaria, Schum. (P. lychnidis, P.
Dianthi, P. moehringias, &c.)

B. Micropuccinia. Having only teleutospores, which soon fall
off, and germinate only after a period of rest.

P. asarina, Kunze ; P. betonicce , A. & S. ; P. campanula,
Carm. ; P. virgaurece , DC. ; P. agopodii, Schum. ; P. saxifraga ,
Schlecht ; P. rhodiola, B. & Br. ; P. Fergussonii , B. & Br. (P.
nidificans, Magn.) ; P. Thalictri , Chev. ; P. umbilici, Guep.

C. Hemipuccinia. Having only uredo and teleutospores.

P. Buryi, B. & Br. (P. linearis, Bob.) ; P. phragmitis , Schum.
(P. arundinacea, D C.) ; P. scirpi, DC., King’s Lynn; P. oblon-
gata, Lk. (P. luzulae, Lib.) ] P. iridis, DC. (P. truncata, B. ^ Br.) ;
P. polygoni, A. & S.; P. polygoni- amphibii, Pers. (P. amphibii,
Fckl.) ; P. bistorta, Strauss ; P. oxyria , Fckl. ; P. vinca , DC. ;
P. suaveolens , Pers. (P. cirsii, Lasch.) ; P. bullata , Pers. (P.
conii, aethusae, apii, &c.) ; P. pruni-spinosa, Pers. P. argentata ,
Schulz (P. nolitangeris, Corda) ; P. hydrocotyles, Pers., Epping,
Sept., 1882.

D. Pucciniopsis. Having only aecidio and teleutospores.

P. conglomerata , Strauss (P. syngenesiarum, Lk. ; P. senecionis,
Lib., P. glomerata, Grev.) ; P. bunii, DC. (P. bnlbo-castani, Fckl.) ;
P. grossularia, Grnel. ; P. fusca , Relh. (P. anemones, Pers.) ; P.
smyrnii, Corda.

E. Eupuccinia. Having ascidio, uredo, and teleutospores.

(a.) Auteupuccinia. All spore-forms on the same host- plant.
P. porri, Sow. (Uredo alliorum, DC.) ; P. asparagi, DC.; P.
Thesii, Desm. ; P. soldanella, DC. (?) ; P. primula , DC.; P.
mentha , Pers. (P. clinopodii, DC.) ; P. flosculo so rum, A. & S.
(P. compositarum, Schl.] P. lapsanas, Fckl. ; P. syngenesiarum,
Corda ; P. cirsii, Fckl.] P. centaureas, DC. ; P. hieracii, Mart.;
P. variabilis, Grev.)] P. tragopogi, Pers. (P. sparsa, Cke.) ; P.
tanaceti, DC. (P. discoidearum, Lh.) ; P. Galii., Pers. (P.
valantias, A. £. ; P. difformis, Kunze) ; P. adoxa, DC. ; P.
pimpinella, Strauss (P. umbellifearum, DC.; P. Heraclei, Grev.;
P. angelicae, Fckl. ; P. chaerophylli, Purt.) ; P. sanicula, Grev. ;
P . epilobii-tetr agoni, DC. (P. epilobii, DC., P. pulverulenta, Grev.) ;
P. silenes, Schrot ; P. viola, Schum. ; P. caltha, Link.

(b.) Hetereupuccinia. Spermogonia and aecidiospores upon one
host-plant, uredo and teleutospores upon a different host-plant
P. graminis. iEcediospores on Berberis vulgaris, L. Teleuto-
spores on wheat and various grasses.

P. rubigo-vera, DC. ACcidiospores on Lycopsis arvensis, L.
Echium vulgare , L. Symphytum officinale, L. Teleutospores on
various grasses. Var. simplex, Korn ; on barley and various
species of Hordeum.

P. coronata, Corda. iEcidiospores on Rhamnus frangula, L.,
and R. catharticus, L. Teleutospores on various grasses.

118

CLASSIFICATION OF THE UREDINES.

P. molinice , Tul. iEcidiospores on Orchis maculata. Teleuto-
spores on Molinia ccerulea.

P. poarum, Niel. iEcidiospores on Tussilago farfara, L. Te-
leutospores on Poa annua and P. pratensis , L.

P. Magnusiana, Korn. iEcidiospores on Rumex hydrolapathumy
Huds. Teleutospores on Phragmitis communis.

P. sessilis , Schneider. iEcidiospores on Allium ursinum , L.
Teleutospores on Phalaris arundinacea , L.

P. caricis , Schum. iEcidiospores on Urtica dioica , L. Teleu-
tospores on various Carices.

P. sylvatica, Schroter. iEcidiospores on Taraxacum officinale ,
W. Teleutospores on Carex muricata , L.

GYMNOSPORANGIUM, DC.

G. sabinae , Dicks. iEcidiospores on Pynis communis. Teleuto-
spores on Juniperus sabina , L.

G. clavariae forme, Jacq. iEcidiospores on Crataegus oxyacaniha .
Teleutospores on Juniperus communis , Lk.

G. juniperinum, Linn. iEcidiospores on Sorbus aucuparia , L.
Teleutospores on Juniperus communis. L.

TRIPHRAGMIUM, Link.

T. ulmariae , Schm.

PHRAGMIDIUM.

A. Phragmidiopsis. Having only aecidio and teleutospores.

P. carbonarium , Schl.

B. Euphragmidium. Having aecidio, uredo, and teleutospores.,
P. subcorticatum , Schrank ; P. fragarice, DC. ; P. rubi, Pers.,

P. violaceum , Schultz ; P. rubi-idcd, Pers.

CRONARTIUM, Fries.

C. flaccidum , A. & S.

MELAMPSORA, Cart .

A. Micromelampsora. Only teleutospores known.

B. Hemimelampsora. Having uredo and teleutospores.

M. betulince, Pers. ; M. salicis-caprece , Pers. ; M. helioscopiae,
Pers. ; M. hypericorum, DC. ; M . lini, Pers. ; M. cerastii , Pers. ;
M. circea , Schum. ; M. epilobii, Pers. ; M. vaccinii , A. & S. ; M.
padi , K. & S. (Uredo porphyrogenita, Link.).

C. Melampsoropsis. Having only secidio and teleutospores, the
uredospores being wanting.

M. goeppertiana, Kiihn. iEcidiospores on Pinus pinea, L.
(iE. columnare, A. fy S.), not British. Teleutospores on Vacci-
nium vitis-idcea, L.

D. Eumelampsora. Having aecidio, uredo, and teleutospores.
M. populina, Jacq. iEcidiospores on Clematis vitalba.j^ Uredo

and teleutospores on Populus nigra.

CLASSIFICATION OF THE UREDINES.

119

COLEOSPORIUM, Lev.

A. Hemicoleospoirium. Having only uredo and teleutospores.

C. euphrasies , Schum. ; C. campanulce, Pers. ; C. sonchi-arv ensis ;

Pers.

B. Eucoleospoiium. Having ascidio, uredo and teleutospores.

C. senecionis, Pers. iEcidiospores on Pinus sylvestris, L. ( Peri -

dermium pini) . Teleutospores on various species of Senecio.

ENDOPHYLLUM, Lev.

E. euphorbiae- sylvatica, DO. (?) ; E. sempervivi, A. & S.
APPENDIX.

Isolated spore-forms of Uredo and Acidium , the affinities of
which are at present doubtful.

Uredo. Spores borne singly on the apex of each basidium.

U. agrimonia-eupatorice, DC. ; U. poly podii, Pers. ; U. philly-
re ae, Cooke; U. quercus, Brond ; U. symphyti, DC.

Casoma. Spores produced in chains, but without any pseudo-
peridimn, with or without paraphyses.

C. orchidis , A. & S. ; C. mercurialis-perennis, Pers. ; C. empetri,
Pers. ; C. euonymi, Grev. ; C. tropceoli , Desm., on Tropceolum
aduncum.

2Ecidium. Spores in chains, surrounded by a pseudoperidium.
AE. ari, Desm. ; 2E. strobilinum , A. & S. (Licea strobilina,
A. & S.) ; JE. elatinum , A. & S. ; A. pedicularis, Libosch. ; A.
compositarum, on Bellis perennis, L. ; A. periclymeni , DC. ;
A. phillyrece, DC. ; A. barbarece, DC. ; A. punctatum (A.
quadrifidum, L>C.); A. incarceratum, B. & Br. ; A. thalictri,
Grev.; A. depauperans, Vize (?) A. dracontii Schwz.

Of the following species I have no personal knowledge ; further
research is necessary in order acurately to place them in the above
scheme. Uromyces urticce, C. ; Puccinia fallens, C. ; Xenodochus
curtus, C. ; Uredo plantaginis, B. & Br.

CKYPTOGAMIC LITERATURE.

Arnell. Bryological notes from the meetings of the Society
“ pro Fauna et Flora Fennica ” (in English), Revue Bryologique,
No. 6, 1882.

March al, E. Compte rendu de THerberisation cryptogamique
faite a Groenendael, 29 Oct., 1882, in “ Comptes Rendus de la
Soc. Roy. de Botanique de Belgique ” (1882).

Oudemans, C. A. J. Notiz ueber einige neue Fungi Coprophili.

Thuemen, F. v. On Cercospora beticola, Sacc.

Kindberg, N. C. On G rimmia funalis in “ Botaniska Notiser,”
No. 6, 1882.

Kindberg, N. C. On Campylopus Schimperi in “ Botaniska
Notiser/’ No. 6, 1882.

Braun, A. Fragmente einer Monographic der Characeen,
edited by Dr. Otto Nordstedt.

120

CRYPTOGAM1C LITERATURE.

Bottini, A., &c. Flora Briologica della Calabria in “ Atti
della Soc. Critt. Italiana,” vol. iii, p. 2.

Ellis, J. B. New North American Fungi in “ Torr. Bot.
Club,” Not., 1882.

Groves, H. and J. Notes on British Characeae in 11 Jonrn.
Bot.,” Jan., 1883.

Uhlworm, Dr. 0. and others. Botanisches Centralblatt, 1882-
1883.

Penzig, 0. Funghi Agrumicoli in “ Michelia,” vol. ii, pt. 8.

Saccardo, P. A. Fungi Veneti novi, &c., in “ Michelia,” vol.
ii, pt. 8.

Saccardo, P. A. Fungi boreali-Americani in “ Michelia,” vol.
ii, pt. 8.

Saccardo, P. A. Fungi Gallici in “ Michelia,” vol. ii, pt. 8.

Winter, Dr. Geo. Miscellaneous notes in Hedwigia, 1882.

Karsten, Dr. P. A. Russlands, Finlands och Skandinaviska
Halfons Hattsvampar, 1882.

Just, Dr. Botanisker Jahresbericht (1878), ii, pt. 4 (1879), ii,
pt. 2.

Crisp, F., and others. Cryptogamic Bibliography in^‘ Journal
of Royal Microscopical Society,” vol. ii, pt. 6.

Roumeguere, C. Diagnoses of Fungi Gallici in “ Revue Myco-
logique,” Jan., 1883.

N ylander, W. Addenda nova ad Lichenographiam Europaeum
in “ Flora,” No. 29.

Leitgeb, H. Die Antheridienstande der Laubmoose in
“ Flora,” No. 30, 1882.

Muller, Dr. J. Lichenologische Beitrage in “ Flora,” Nos.
31, 32, 33, 1880.

Warnstokf, C. Die Sphagnumformen der Umgegend von
Bassum in Hanover, in “ Flora,” No. 35, 1882.

Roumeguere, C. Fungi Gallici; Cents, xxiii, xxiv, xxv.

Gossel and Wendisch. Zeitschrift fur Pilzfreunde, Nos. 1, 2.

Winter, Geo. New North American Fungi in “ Bull Torr.
Bot. Club,” Jan., 1883.

Oudemans, C. A. J. Flora Mycologica van Nederland, No. ix.

Saccardo, P. A. Einige Worte iiber das Karpologische
System der Pyrenomyceten in “ Hedwigia,” Dec., 1882.

Lindberg, S. 0. Pohlioe novce boreales in “ Revue Bryo-
logique,” No. 1, 1883.

Johnson, Rev. W. The Lichens of Cumberland (Reprint).

Passerini, e Beltrani. Fungi Siculi novi (Reprint).

Winter, Dr. G. Rabenhorst’s Kryptogamen Flora, Fungi,
Nos. 10, 1 1.

Hauck F. Rabenhorst’s Kryptogamen Flora, Marine Algae,
No. 1, 2.

Holmes, E. M. New British Marine Algae, 25 specimens.

Bresadola, G. Fungi Tridentini, pt. 3.

Cooke, M. C. Fresh Water Algae, pt. 4, Vauclieriacece ,
Ulvacece, Confervacece.

Cooke, M. C. Illustrations of British Fungi, pts. 13, 14.

No. 60.]

[June, 1883.

dlmilLa,

A QUARTERLY RECORD OF CRYPTOOAMIC BOTANY
AND ITS LITERATURE.

HYPOXYLON AND ITS ALLIES.

By M. C. Cooke.

In our last number we ventured to offer some observations on
“ Xylaria, and its allies,” as represented in Saccardo’s “ Sylloge.”
We proceed now to make a similar series of suggestions on the re-
maining genera of his “ Composite Phceosporae.” Before doing so
we will enumerate the genera, and their distinctive characters.

Ustulina. — Stroma repando-pulvinate, thick, becoming hollow
when old.

Bolinia. — Stroma effused, solid, perithecia immersed, with
rather long necks.

Hypoxylon. — Stroma effused or subglobose, solid, perithecia
* innate, necks hardly any.

Daldinia. — Stroma subglobose, concentrically zoned within,
perithecia immersed, necks hardly any.

Nummularia. — Stroma disc-shaped, or cup shaped, adnate,
marginate.

All the above five genera are included in a section (b) which is
said to have the superficial stroma carbonaceous, or coriaceous,
with immersed carbonaceous perithecia.

In the previous section (a) the stroma is immersed in the matrix,
and the perithecia membranaceous. The only genus is —

Anthostoma. — Stroma effused or limited, somewhat valsseoid.

These features will have to be borne in mind, because, if they
mean anything at all, fhey characterize the salient features of the
genera.

We should have preferred to have followed Nitschke, and merged
Daldinia ( Hypoxylon concentricum') and Bolinia ( Hypoxylon
tubulina) in Hypoxylon. A comparison of the above characters
will show that the only difference in Daldinia is the concentric
stroma, although several of the globose Hypoxyla exhibit faint
concentric zones when in good condition. The difference in
Bolinia is that the perithecia are immersed, with rather long necks.
These are very slight generic differences indeed, as compared with

10

122

HYPOXYLON AND ITS ALLIES.

some "which might have been isolated, such as the very singular
Hypoxylon lycogaloides , B. &. Br., and the equally strange and
anomalous Hypoxylon solidum , Schwz. If any species deserved to
be raised to a generic rank it was these.

We note, too, especially, the membranaceous perithecia in
Anthostoma, and the carbonaceous perithecia in the other genera.
This is an important distinction, and there can be no doubt of the
word, and of its correct translation, “ perithecia membranacea,”
without any qualification ; and the same phrase is applied to
Venturia and Gnomonia , with a qualification, as “ perithecia sub-
membranacea,” hence we must expect to find the perithecia in
Anthostoma more membranaceous than in Venturia and Gnomonia.
Of course all species included by error in Anthostoma, which have
perithecia as carbonaceous as in Hypoxylon , are out of place, and
do not belong to the genus. If, therefore, we suggest the transfer
of certain species from Anthostoma to Hypoxylon , it is with a full
recognition of this important difference. The other feature of
stroma immersed, or not immersed in the matrix, seems, from the
examples we recognise in both genera, to be of doubtful value, and
cannot be taken into account beside “ perithecia membranacea.”

As in the former instance we shall commence with the larger
genus Hypoxylon , leaving Anthostoma, as a whole, for a future
opportunity.

Measurements. — It cannot be considered as highly satisfactory
• that, in a genus depending so much on the size of the sporidia in
determining closely allied species, the measurements given in this
work are so few. Out of 178 species, which the genus contains,
only about one half has the measurements, i.e., there are 85 species
with no measurements of the sporidia. Of the 93 species for which
there are measurements given, we are responsible for 10 ; Nitschke
for about 24 ; Cesati for 5, the majority of which are wrong ; and
the original diagnoses for 32 measurements; leaving 22 as a
balance, not over large, for which the author of the “ Sylloge ” is
responsible. We doubt if it should be considered sufficient for the
author of a work of such pretensions to aim at nothing beyond
compilation, or so little, that it is almost indistinguishable. How-
ever, the following may be accepted as a supplement, although
contributed by one who has no pretensions to such a profound study
of sporidia as to enable him to advocate an entire carpological
system based upon a long and universal experience.

4. Hypoxylon hypomiltum, Mont.

Sporidia in specimen from Montagne, *012-'013 X -006 mm.

6. Hypoxylon Howeianum, Peck.

Sporidia -006--007 x *003 mm.

8. Hypoxylon distillatum, B. Sf Br.

Sporidia 'Ol-'Oll X *004--005 mm.

9. Hypoxylon sclerophoeum, B . & C.

Sporidia -012 X *005 mm.

HLPOXYLON AND ITS ALLIES.

123

10. Hypoxylon lycogaloides, B. Br.

Sporidia -02 x *01 mm., verruculose, olive.

11. Hypoxylon Blakei, B. 4 C.

Sporidia '02-022 X -008-’009 mm.

20. Hypoxylon solidum, B. C.

Sporidia -035-*04 X *007 mm. lanceolate, uniseptate, pale brown.

22. Hypoxylon decorticatum, Schwz.

Sporidia *012-’014 x *004 mm.

23. Hypoxylon enteromelum, Schwz.

Sporidia *01 X -004 mm.

27. Hypoxylon subexosum, B. 8f C.

Sporidia *022 x *007 mm.

28. Hypoxylon notatum, B. 8f C.

Sporidia ’012--014 x *008 mm.

30. Hypoxylon endoxanthum, Mont.

Sporidia *013 X -005 mm.

31. Hypoxylon discolor, B.tyBr.

Sporidia -012 X -0075 mm.

32. Hypoxylon glomiforme, B. fy C.

Sporidia ’014--015 X *0035 mm.

37. Hypoxylon [gemmatum, B. fy Rav. Hypoxylon Walterianum, Rav.
Fung. Car.

Sporidia ’01-012 X *006 mm. distinctly uniseptate, brown.

42. Hypoxylon pavimentosum, Ces.

Sporidia fusiform ‘05 X *009 mm., from specimen communicated
by Baron Cesati.

46. Hypoxylon stigmoideum, Ces.

Sporidia ’012 X *008 mm., original specimen.

52. Hypoxylon annulatum (Schwz.), Mont.

Sporidia *009 X *003 mm. in American specimen.

53. Hypoxylon areolatum, B. fy C.

Sporidia *035-. 04 X *012 mm.

55. Hypoxylon leucocreas, B. Sf Rav.

Sporidia *005 X *0025 mm.

59. Hypoxylon xanthocreas, B. 8f C.

Sporidia ’01 X *005 mm.

60. Hypoxylon Fragaria, Ces.

Sporidia lanceolate *055-’06 X *012 mm.

64. Hypoxylon Murrayi, B. # C.

Sporidia *013-'015 X ’005-’007 mm.

66. Hypoxylon Bomba, Mont.

Sporidia ’016 X -007 mm.

70. Hypoxylon deciduum, B. & Br.

Sporidia *015-’018 X -003 mm.

72. Hypoxylon scriblitum, Mont.

Sporidia ’038-’04 X *012 mm.

73. Hypoxylon Petersii, B. & C.

Sporidia *008 X *003 mm.

124

HYPOXYLON AND ITS ALLIES.

74. Hypoxylon turbinulatum CSchw.), Berk.

Sporidia -012 X -0035 mm.

80. Hypoxylon malleolus, B. Sf Rav.

Sporidia •02--022 X *004 mm.

81. Hypoxylon marginatum ( Schw .), Berk.

Sporidia *009-’01 X -005 mm. (North America.)

„ *008-*009 X -004 mm. (Africa.)

„ *0075 X *0035 mm. (Cuba.)

102. Hypoxylon hsematostroma, Mont.

Sporidia '01-*012 X *0035 mm.

103. Hypoxylon chrysoconium, B. Br.

Sporidia -Ul-’Oll X -0035 mm.

104. Hypoxylon crocopeplum, B. <£ C.

Sporidia -OIS-'OH X *008 mm.

106. Hypoxylon trugodes, B. $ Br.

Sporidia nearly *01 mm. long.

107- Hypoxylon florideum, B. C.

Sporidia ‘01 X -0035 mm.

108. Hypoxylon IVIorsei, B. & C.

Sporidia ,025-,027 X *009—01 mm.

109. Hypoxylon anthochroum, B. $ Br.

Sporidia *01 X *0045 mm.

112. Hypoxylon jecorinum, B. Sj Rav.

Sporidia *009 X *004 mm.

113. Hypoxylon fusco-purpureum, Schwz.

Sporidia *014 X *007 mm.

114. Hypoxylon durissimum ( Schw .), Berk.

Sporidia *008 X *004 mm.

118. Hypoxylon sassafras (Schw.), Berk.

Sporidia ‘012--014 x ’005 mm.

123. Hypoxylon oodes, B. Br.

Sporidia *015-'017 x ‘007 mm.

124. Hypoxylon epirhodium, B. & Rav.

Sporidia *009 X *0035 mm.

125. Hypoxylon Lenormandi, B. cfc C.

Sporidia *01-*012 x ‘007 mm.

127. Hypoxylon Broomeianum, B. & C.

Sporidia '012 x *004 mm.

132. Hypoxylon tormentosum, Ces.

Sporidia *0075 x *0035 mm.

133. Hypoxylon Phoenix, Fr.

Sporidia *022-*025 X '008-009 mm.

134. Hypoxylon bipapillatum, B. Sf C.

Sporidia *014-*016 X *006-,007 mm.

136. Hypoxylon gregale (Schwz.), Berk.

Sporidia -012--014 x ‘0035 mm. decidedly (and not spuriously)
uniseptate.

137. Hypoxylon investiens (Schwz.), Bei'k.

Sporidia '008--01 x 004 mm.

HYPOXYLON AND ITS ALLIES.

125

139. Hypoxylon callostroma ( Schwz .), Berk.
Sporidia *012 x '005 mm.

141. Hypoxylon concurrens, B. C.

Sporidia -01 X *005 mm.

142. Hypoxylon umbrino-velatum, B. Sf Q.

Sporidia *022-*025 X *01 mm.

143. Hypoxylon colliculosum, ( Schw .)
Sporidia '012--013 x "005 mm.

145. Hypoxylon murcidum, B. 4* Br.

Sporidia *01 x ‘005 mm.

146. Hypoxylon polyspermum, Mont.
Sporidia *005 X ‘002 mm.

155. Hypoxylon coenopus, Fr. (Mont.).

Sporidia *035-*04: x ‘009--01 mm.

160. Hypoxylon teres, (Schwz.)

Sporidia *016 X *008 mm.

163. Hypoxylon ? Ravenelii, Sacc.

Sporidia allantoid, hyaline *005 mm. long.

164. Hypoxylon erinaceum, Mont.

Sporidia subglobose, *004 mm. diam.

172. Hypoxylon transversum, ( Sch?vz .)

Sporidia -012 x -004 mm.

174. Hypoxylon xanthostroma, (Schwz.)
Sporidia *012 X ‘006 mm.

176. Hypoxylon Catalpae, (Schw.)

Sporidia *013 X ‘006 mm.

177. Hypoxylon caries, (Schw.)

Sporidia *01 X ‘0035 mm.

178. Hypoxylon illitum, (Schw.)

Sporidia •014-*016 X '004 mm.

The following species in their order of arrangement will have to
be removed altogether from this genus : —

1342. Hypoxylon lycogaloides, B. Br.

Stroma fleshy, not at all carbonaceous.

1343. Hypoxylon Blakei, B. G. = See H. Morsei, B. 4*. G.

1351. Hypoxylon sclerotioideum, B. C.

No perithecia to be seen. Doubtful if sphaeriaceous at all.

1352. Hypoxylon solidum, B. G.

No affinity with Hypoxylon.

1357. Hypoxylon ceramiehroum, B. Br.

Fleshy. Referred to Glaziella.

1358. Hypoxylon gangrena, Ces.

Only a Sclerotium.

1361. Hypoxylon Peckianum, Sacc.

The same species as H. xanthocreas , B. & C., vide No. 1392.

126

HYPOXYLON AND ITS ALLIES.

1369. Hypoxylon gemmatum, B. Rav.

= H. Walterianum, Rav. Car. Exs.

Sporidia uniseptate. Cfr. Valsaria.

1372. Hypoxylon sertatum, DC. Mont .

== Nummularia Sertata.

1374. Hypoxylon pavimentosum, Ces.

Undoubtedly a species of Ustulina.

1375. Hypoxylon pauxillum, Ces.

Must be referred to Xylaria .

1377. Hypoxylon Kalcbbrenneri, Sacc., is Nummularia placenta,
Cke.

1379. Hypoxylon pseudo-tubulina, Ces.

Not Hypoxylon. It has the structure of Dothidea, and fruit of
Botryosphceria.

1380. Hypoxylon heterostomum, Mont .

This is p. Nummularia.

1383. Hypoxylon anthracodes, Fr.

Is a Nummularia , but not the Borneo specimens of Cesati,
which hereafter are described as Hypoxylon Cesatianum , Cke.

1385. Hypoxylon diathrauston, Rehm.

Out of place in this genus. It is not carbonaceous, and should
come near Antho stoma gastrina.

1389. Hypoxylon comedens, Ces.

The confluent condition is Nummularia, the solitary form is
Rhop. ccenopus (Fr.) according to specimens from Cesati.

1394. Hypoxylon glomus, B. fy C.

Has every appearance of a Diatrype , and, as the only specimens
are sterile, it must be referred to “ species dubise.”

1395. Hypoxylon Berterii, Mont.

The white stroma strengthens the impression that this is a
peculiar form of Xylaria.

1400. Hypoxylon Carabayense, Mont.

We have never seen this species, but from the description should
consider it a Nummularia.

1402. Hypoxylon congestum, B. fy Br.

Transferred to Rhopalopsis.

1405. Hypoxylon scriblitum, Mont.

Is clearly a Nummularia.

1408. Hypoxylon cycliscum, Mont.

Is also Nummularia.

1411. Hypoxylon macrocenangium, Ces.

Should also go to Nummularia.

1412. Hypoxylon macromphalum, Mont.

Is such a curious and aberrant form that one hesitates to pro-
nounce upon it, but it certainly approaches nearest to Camillea.

HYPOXYLON AND ITS ALLIES.

127

1415. Hypoxylon microstictum, Mont.

Belongs to Nummularia.

1416. Hypoxylon melanaspis, Mont.

We should also transfer this to Nummularia.

1417. Hypoxylon pachyloma, Lev.

We have not seen, but should regard it as a Nummularia.

1418. Hypoxylon Mosel ei, Berk.

Is referred to Nummularia without hesitation.

1423. Hypoxylon ? aceris, C. E.

Cannot possibly belong to Hypoxylon ; better in the Fuckelia
section of Anthostoma.

1426. Hypoxylon globosum, Fr.

Is referred to Xylaria.

1427. Hypoxylon aggregatum, Welw. fy Curr.

Removed to Rhopalopsis.

1428. Hypoxylon tuberiforme ( Wallr .)

Seems to be undoubtedly Ustulina.

1429. Hypoxylon Kurzianum, Curr.

Was not described in “ Linn. Trans,” or anywhere else that we
are aware. Rhopalopsis Kurzianum , Cke., is the Xylaria
Kurzianum , Curr. Linn. Trans. Hence our quotation of No.
1429 in “ Grevillea ” xi., p. 94, was an error ; as Xylaria is
not included at all in the “ Sylloge.”

1441. Hypoxylon Morsei, B. $ C.

There is no apparent difference between this and Hypoxylon
Blakei , B. & C. (No. 1343). They have membranaceous
perithecia, and go to Anthostoma.

1447. Hypoxylon durissimum ( Schwz .).

It is impossible to separate this from Hypoxylon annulatum.

1455. Hypoxylon fossulatum, Mont.

Equal to Nummularia fossulata , C.

1461. Hypoxylon bicolor, B. C.

Sporidia allantoid, hyaline. = Diatrype bicolor ,

1469. Hypoxylon gregale [Schwz.).

Perithecia not confluent, hence not Hypoxylon. Sporidia uni-
septate, without the least doubt. Entered again as Valsaria
gregalis (Schwz.) under No. 2847, but it belongs to neither of
these genera.

1475. Hypoxylon umbrino-velatum, B. fy C.

Perithecia scattered, distinct. Allied to Sphceria subiculosa,
Schwz.

1488. Hypoxylon coenopus [Fr.).

Transferred to Rhopalopsis.

1489. Hypoxylon cetrarioides, Welw. Curr.

Also in Rhop)alopsis.

128

HYPOXYLON AND ITS ALLIES.

1490. Hypoxylon xylarioides, Speg.

Similarly a Rhopalopsis.

1491. Hypoxylon micropus, Fr.

Transferred to Rhopalopsis.

1492. Hypoxylon Colensoi, Berk.

Specimen in a bad condition, but also probably a Rhopalopsis .

1494. Hypoxylon glebulosum, Ces.

This is doubtless referable to Xylaria.

1495. Hypoxylon palmigenum, B. §• C.

Clearly not Hypoxylon} sporidia colourless, structure that of
Dothidea.

1496. Hypoxylon erinaceum, B. Rav.

Valsa , with long-necked perithecia, and hyaline allantoid
sporidia.

1497. Hypoxylon erinaceum, Mont.

Not Hypoxylon. Perithecia distinct, woolly. Sporidia sub-
globose (16 ?), texture and habit of an aggregated Melanos-
pora — or perhaps allied to Scopinella.

1498. Hypoxylon allantosporum, B. #• C.

Not Hypoxylon. Sporidia 5-7 septate.

1502. Hypoxylon afflatum, Schwz.

Allied to Diatrype stigma , with hyaline sporidia.

After removing these 50 species there still remain a few of the
balance of 130 of which we have no actual knowledge, but the
number is comparatively small. Other emendations will be covered
by our remarks on “ additions,” and a proposed “ rearrangement ”
to correct errors in interpretation as to the section in which certain
imperfectly known species have been placed.

Additions. — The following species will be found in their
places in the subsequent rearrangement of the genus. The three
species with a non -carbonaceous stroma, transferred to Sarcoxylon,
will be noticed in conjunction with Anthostoma to which they bear
a closer relationship than to Hypoxylon.

1. Hypoxylon cerebrinum (Fee). Xylaria cerebrina, Sacc. Syll., No.
1224.

Ascis elongato-cylindricis. Sporidiis lanceolatis, fuscis, *03 X
•008 mm.

On trunks. Brazil.

Internally olivaceous, faintly concentric.

3. Hypoxylon coelatum ( Sphoeria ccelata), Fries Linn. v. 540.

Turbinatum (-^in. alt.) submarginatum, disco convexo, stromate
suberoso-indurato nigricante, apice determinati excavato, stratis
cellulosis verticalibus reperto, peritheciis in crusta exteriori cornea
periphericis minimis. Ascis cylindraceis. Sporidiis sublanceo-
latis, fuscis, *014 x *004 mm.

On trunks. Cayenne, Sarawak.

HYPOXYLON AND ITS ALLIES.

129

4. Hypoxylon coriugatum (Ft'.). Sphesria corrugata, Fr. El. II. 70.

Difformes, confluens, tuberculosum, rimoso-corrugatum, ater,
intus cinerascens ; peritheciis profunde immersis, ostiolis papillae-
formibus rugosis. Ascis cylindraceis. Sporidiis ellipticis, rectis
curvulisve, fuscis, ‘008 X ‘0035 mm.

On dead wood.

Extending for 2 or 3 inches, rugose, indurated.

9. Hypoxylon vixidi-zufum ( B . cfc Rav.) Hypocrea viridi-rufa , Berk.

N. Amer. Fungi, 803.

Major, subglobosum, congestum, viridi-rufum ; ostiolis im-
pressis. Ascis linearibus. Sporidiis oblongis, continuis, fuscis,
primum binucleatis (*012 x ‘004 mm.).

On Alnus serrulata. North America (Carolina).

Seems to have been referred to Hypocrea in error, since it
possesess none of the features of that genus.

11. Hypoxylon ovinum, Berk. in Herb. Kent.

Hemisphaericum vel confluento-elongatum, purpureo-nigricans,
durum, lasve, subnitidum, intus fuscum. Peritheciis stratosis,
atris, subglobosis. Ostiolis obsoletis. Ascis cylindricis. Spori-
diis ellipticis, fuscis, dein atro-fuscis, -016--018 X *007 mm.

On wood. Orizaba, Mexico, and Tristan d’Acunha.

20. Hypoxylon vera-crucis, Berk. & Che.

Subglobosum, superficiale, saspe confluens (1-2 cm. diam.) laete
rubiginosum, intus fuligineum. Peritheciis mediis, ovatis, peri-
phericis, prominulis. Ascis cylindraceis. Sporidiis ellipticis,
utrinque attenuiatis, fuscis (*02 x ’008).

On rotten wood. Vera Cruz (Salle).

33. Hypoxylon multiforme, Fr. var. australe, Cke.

With the habit and external aspect of the typical form, at least
of the most globose state, but the sporidia smaller (*008 X *003
mm.). The difference seems to be scarcely specific.

On bark and wood. Melbourne, Australia.

37. Hypoxylon hians, BerTc. & Che.

Hemisphaericum vel subglobosum, superficiale, atrum, nitidum,
intus atro-fuligineum. Peritheciis magnis, subglobosis, conico-
elevatis, ad apicem cupulato-excavatis, centro ostiolo papillato
gerentibus. Ascis cylindraceis. Sporidiis ellipticis, obtusis,
fuscis (*01-,012 x *006-'007 mm.).

On wood. Tasmania.

Most distinct in the cup-shaped depression around the ostiolum.
Stroma about an inch in diameter.

40. Hypoxylon Hookeri, Berk, in Herb. Kern.

Subglobosum, mox atrum (1 cm. et ult.) intus fuliginosum.
Peritheciis magnis, globosis, elevatis; ostiolo papillato. Ascis
cylindraceis. Sporidiis ellipticis, fuscis (*01 x ‘004 min.).

On wood. India (Sir J. D. Hooker).

Resembling H. majusculum , but the perithecia much larger, and
more prominent, in which latter respect it approaches H. annu-
latum.

130

IIYPOXYLON AND ITS ALLIE8.

41. Hypoxylon nodulorum, Lev. in Herb. Kew.

Globosum, superficiale, nigrum, opacum (1-2 cm.), rugosum,
intus pallidum, duriusculum. Peritheciis globosis, mediis, peri-
phericis. atris ; ostiolo minuto papillatis. Ascis cylindraceis.
Sporidiis -02--022 X ‘005 mm.

On wood. Marquesas (1854).

63. Hypoxylon pruinatum, Klotsck . Rosellinia pruinata , Sacc. Syl.,

No. 942.

Sporidia ‘02--022 x *008-*009 mm.

An undoubted Hypoxylon , in which relationship it was placed by
Klotsch.

65. Hypoxylon eterio, B. Sf Br. Antho stoma eterio, Sacc. Syll-, No. 1133.

It is difficult to comprehend why this species has been removed
to Anthostoma. H. pruinatum, Kl., H. discolor , B. & Br., and
H. eterio, B. & Br., are closely allied.

67. Hypoxylon Holwayi, Ellis, in Amer. Nat., xvii., p. 193.

Stromate orbiculari (2-|-5 mm. diam.) tenui, primum pruinoso,
intus nigro, ostiolis atris, prominulis, acute papillosis. Peritheciis
(20-30) uniseriatis. Ascis cylindricis. Sporidiis uniserialibus
oblongis, fuscis, 1-2 nucleatis (-022-'027 X ‘011 mm.).

On Populus. Iowa (U.S.A.)

The stroma is surrounded by a fringe of conidiiferous processes.
71. Hypoxylon exiguum, Cooke.

Pulvinatum, convexo-applanatum, atrum, ovale vel discoideum
(2-3 mm. lat.) hinc illic confluens. Peritheciis minutis, nume-
rosis, papillatis. Ascis cylindraceis. Sporidiis minutissimis,
ellipticis, fuscis (*0035 X '002 mm.).

On rotten wood. Mauritius. Alabama, Carolina, U.S.A.

A most distinct species, easily recognized by the exceedingly
minute sporidia, which are a little larger in American specimens.
74. Hypoxylon Pouceanum, Berk. & Cke.

Pulvinatum, atrum, nitidum, superficiale. Peritheciis paucis,
subglobosis, ostiolis in disco plano, annulato marginato papillatis,
ut in H. annulato. Ascis cylindraceis. Sporidiis sublanceolatis,
rectis vel curvulis, fuscis (’015 x *004 mm.).

On bark. Mauritius (Dr. Ayres).

Externally this has the appearance of H. annulatum, and we
hesitated to describe it separately, on account of the difference in
the fruit. It may be only a variety of H. annulatum, to which it
is closely allied.

82. Hypoxylon zimazum, Berk, Cke.

Pulvinulis atris, nitidis, elongatis, rimis epidermidis corticis
erumpentibus. Peritheciis magnis, prominulis, papillatis, in
crustam nigram confluentibus. Ascis cylindricis. Sporidiis ellip-
ticis, obtusis, fuscis. (‘OOG-’OO? X *0025 mm.).

On bark of branches. Mauritius (Sept., 1858.)

With somewhat of the habit of H. sassafras — the elongated
pustules mostly parallel, following the fissures of the epidermis,
soon quite superficial. 1 cm. long; 1-2 mm. broad.

HYPOXYLON AND ITS ALLIES.

131

7G. Hypoxylon chalybeum, B. ofc Br. Rosellinia nitens , Sacc. Syll.,

No. 945.

If this is a Rosellinia , then Rosellinia must practically be
synonymous with Hypoxylon — because there is really no feature
whereby this can be distinguished from Hypoxylon annulatum.

There are seven reputed species in this section with annulate
ostiola.

1. H. polyspermum, Mont., (1479.)

Sporidia -005 x '002 mm.

2. H. marginatum, Scliwz. (1414.)

Sporidia -007 X *0035 mm. Cuba.

„ '008-'009 x '004 mm. Africa.

„ *009- '01 x '004 mm. U. States.

3. H. durissimum, Schwz. ( 1 447.)

Sporidia •008-,009 X *0035 mm.

4. H. annulatum, Schwz. (1384.)

Sporidia *012 x ‘0035 mm. Montagne.

„ 'Ol-’Oll x -0035 mm. U. States.

5. H. chalybeum, B. SfBr. (945.)

Sporidia ‘012 x *005 mm. Ceylon.

„ ,009-,012 x *0045 mm. Cesati.

6. H. Pouceanum, Berk. <k Che.

Sporidia *015 X '004 mm.

7. H. obesum, Fr. (1401.)

This species we do not know.

Our conclusions as to these species are — that H. polyspermum ,
Mont., is a distinct species not only in difference of habit, but in
its very small sporidia. That H. marginatum comes next, with
H. durissimum as a synonym. That H. annulatum follows with
H. chalybeum as a synonym, and H. Pouceanum finally — with the
largest sporidia, if it be not really a variety of H. annulatum.
Thus the seven species (reckoning H. obesum as probably a good
species) would be reduced to four or five. In H. chalybeum , the
original specimens extend for some inches with the perithecia im-
mersed in a thick black carbonaceous stroma. If the specimens
of H. chalybeum and H. annulatum now before us, some 40 in
number, had their labels removed, and were mixed up together, it
would be impossible to separate them again either by external
features or fructification, although it is not difficult to separate H.
marginatum from II. annulatum both by external features and by
the fructification.

90. Hypoxylon mascariensis, Berk, in Herb, nec Montagne.

Hemisphericum, atrum, nitidum (2 mm.). Peritheciis globosis,
majusculis, atris, subprominulis, ostiolo papillato prseditis. Ascis
cylindraceis. Sporidiis subellipticis, fuscis ('012 x '005 mm.).

On bark. British Guiana.

Externally resembling Montagne’s species, but not truly erum-
pent, and fruit quite different.

132

HYPOXYLON AND IT8 ALLIES.

91. Hypoxylon leucostomum, Che.

Convexum, subhemisphericum, atrum (2 mm. lat.) Peritheciis
subglobosis, paucis, prominulis, ostiolo atro-impresso, annulo albo
circumdato. Ascis cylindraceis. Sporidiis ovatis, continuis, atro-
fuscis (-0075 x *004 mm.).

On twigs. Panure (Brazil).

Distinguished from its allies by the white disc round the ostiolum.
93. Hypoxylon Ayresii, Berk, in Herb.

Hemisphaericum, depressum, hinc illic confluens, atrum, fragile.
Peritheciis globosis vix confertis, ostiolo punctiformi, leniter pro-
minulo. Ascis cylindraceis. Sporidiis ellipticis, rectis curvulisve,
fuscis, ,01-,012 x '0045 mm.

On bark. Mauritius.

Usually less than a centimetre in diameter.

95. Hypoxylon gpondylinum, Fr., Summa, V. Scan. p. 383. Nummu-

laria spondylina, Sacc., No. 1542.

Hemispherical, not at all resembling Nummularia. Authentic
specimen too small for analytical examination.

96. Hypoxylon ramosum, Schwz. (ubi ?) in Herb. Berk.

Convexum, pulvinatum, erumpens, atrum (1 cm.) Peritheciis

subglobosis, sparsis, atris, nec prominulis, ostiolo pertusis. Ascis
cylindraceis. Sporidiis sublanceolatis, continuis, fuscis, rectis,
curvulisve, *016-'018 x *0035 mm.

On branches. Indiana, U.S.

109. Hypoxylon piceum Eliis in Amer. Nat., xvii., p. 193.

Effusum, subellipticum vel elongatum, plerumque confluens.

(4-8 cm. long), atro-fuscum, rugosum, pulvero luteolo tectum,
intus nigrum. Peritheciis 2-3 seriatis, confertissimis, compressis,
ostiolo minuto, vix visibili. Sporidiis naviculoideis, fuscis (*011-
•012-*012 x -004 mm.).

On rotten wood. Iowa (U.S. A.).

110. Hypoxylon Fendleri, Berk, in Herb.

Effusum, determinatum, crassum, rugosum, fulvum, demum atro-
fuscum. Peritheciis distinctis, globosis, elevatis, ostiolo papillato
nigro. Ascis cylindraceis. Sporidiis arcte ellipticis, rectis cur-
vulisve, fuscis (-012-*013 x *004 mm.).

On rotten wood. Venezuela.

Somewhat like an effused state of H. multiforme , or a thick
form of H. ferruginosum. At first tawny, then dark-brown, nearly
black, but not at all purplish or ferruginous.

114. Hypoxylon ianthinum, Cke.

Stromate in ligno effuso, pulvero ianthino obsito, demum nigri-
cante. Peritheciis stipatis, obovatis, vertice sub-rotundatis,
confluento-planisve. Ostiolo minute papillato. Ascis cylindraceis.
Sporidiis ellipticis, obtusis, continuis, fuscis, -015 X *006 mm.

On naked wood. U. States. (Ravenel, No. 1579.)

115. Hypoxylon atropunctatum, Schwz. Anthostoma atroj)unc~

tata, Sacc. Syll., No. 1102.

Sporidia '03 x *01 mm.

We cannot accept this as a species of Anthostoma.

HYPOXYLON AND ITS ALLIES.

133

116. Hypoxylon capnodes, B. <Sa Hr. Anthostonia capnodes , Saco
Syll., No. 1113.

Sporidiis ellipticis, continuis, fuscis, *01-*012 X '005 mm.

On wood. Swan River, Australia.

106. Hypoxylon haematites, Lev. in Herb. Berk.

Effusum, crustaceum, indeterminatum, rugosum, laste aurantio-
rubrum, demum ferrugineo-rubrum, intus nigricans. Peritbeciis
densissime stipatis, sub-globosis, prominulis, pertusis. Ascis cylin-
draceis. Sporidiis ellipticis, utrinque attenuatis, atro fuscis (#018 X
•005 mm.),

On wood. Marquesas Islands, and Endeavour River, Australia.
Brighter in colour than H. rubiginosum, and sporidia much
larger.

122. Hypoxylon ochraceo-fulvum, Berk. # Cke.

Effusum, tenue, ochraceo-fulvum, primitus sub-orbiculare, mar-
gine sterili, byssoideo, dein confluens irregularique. Peritbeciis
atro-fuscis, globosis, minimis, sub-prominulis, papillatis. Ascis
cylindraceis. Sporidiis ellipticis, continuis, fuscis, *008-#01 X
•0045 mm.

On bark. Nirwab Jungle, India.

124. Hypoxylon Cesatianum, Cke. (Hypoxylon anthracodes , Cesati.
Fungi Born.)

Effusum; indeterminatum, aterrimum, sub-rugosum. Peritheciis
irregularibus, majusculis, prominulis, ostiolis punctiformibus. Ascis
cylindraceis. Sporidiis amygdakeformibus, atro-fuscis (*02-*022 x
•01 mm.).

On bark. Sarawak (Cesati).

Certainly quite distinet from Nummularia anthracodes , to which
it was referred by Baron Cesati.

131. Hypoxylon hypoleucum (B. 6a Br.). Spkoeria hypoleuca,
B. & Br. Ceylon Fungi, No. 1116.

Peritheciis globoso-depressis, confluentibus, in mycelio arete
adnato parce innatis. Ascis cylindraceis. Sporidiis ellipticis,
continuis, fuscis (*012 X '004 mm.).

On bark. Ceylon.

Resembling in habit Hyp. udum.

134. Hypoxylon tinctor, (B.) Diatrype Unctor , Sacc. Syll., No. 744.
Sporidiis ellipticis, rectis curvulisque, fuscis (-018 X 008-’009

mm.).

On wood of Platanus. U. States.

153. Hypoxylon irregulare, Cke.

Irregulariter effusum, atrum, tenue, rugoso-undulatum. Peri-
theciis stipatis, immersis, sub-globosis, in superficie externa vix
elevatum. Ostiolis papillatis, demum deciduis. Ascis cylindra-
ceis. Sporidiis allantoideis, fuscis (‘01 X ’0035 mm.).

On rotten wood. Mauritius (Ayres, 1861).

Allied to H. investieus, S., which it much resembles, but the
perithecia are less distinctly indicated.

134

HYPOXYLON AND ITS ALLIES.

154. Hypoxylon glomeratum, Che.

Pulvinatum, convexum, mox confluens effusumque, atrum,
crassum, in ligno nigrificato expansum. Peritheciis mediis, glo-
bosis, leniter vel vix prominulis. Ostiolis punctiformibus. Ascis
eylindraceis. Sporidiis arcte ellipticis, fuscis (*008 X '003 mm.).
On decorticated branches. Mauritius.

Thicker than H. irregulare , and sporidia smaller. Confluent
masses effused for several inches.

155. Hypoxylon Beaumontii, B. & C. North Amer. Fungi, No. 864.

Vais aria ? Beaumontii, Sacc., No. 2848.

Sporidiis ellipticis, continuis, fuscis.

On branches of Coniferae. U. States.

The sporidia are certainly not septate in the original specimens.
It is an effused Hypoxylon.

162. Hypoxylon IVEassarae, Be Not. Anthostoma Massares, Sacc. Syll.,

No. 1141.

Said by Saccardo u Perithecia not carbonaceous,” and hence
not Hypoxylon , but allied to A, gastrinum , a conclusion in which
we do not concur.

163. Hypoxylon prorumpens {Hr.). Sphceria prorumpens, var. ligna-

tilis, Fries. Scler. Suec., No. 383.

Erumpens, inaequabile, nigrum, sub-innatum, lineari-extensum.
Peritheciis irregulariter confluentibus. Ascis eylindraceis. Spo-
ridiis arcte ellipticis, fuscis (*006 X '002 mm.).

On naked wood.

This is clearly not the Eutype prorumpens , Sacc. Syll., No. 642,
but an evident Hypoxylon.

Arrangement. — It appears to us that the two main divisions
into Eu-hypoxylon and Placoxylon are insufficient for facility of
reference, which, after all, is the practical utility of sub-divisions
of genera. We therefore propose, after removing the three
species with a fleshy stroma to the genus Sarcoxylon , to make the
following distribution of the species of Hypoxylon : —

I. Macroxylon. — Large indurated irregular forms, with a
firm and rather fibrous internal substance, of which Hyp. cerebri-
num , Fee, is the type.

II. Phylacia. — With an erect, smooth, shining (laccate)
stroma, of which Hyp. turbinatum , Berk., is the type.

III. Sph^roxylon. — Including species with a globose or sub-
globose stroma.

IV. Clitoxylon. — Including pulvinate species with a more or
less convex, determinate stroma.

Y. Placoxylon. — With the stroma more or less widely
effused.

YI. Endoxylon. — Stroma more or less immersed in the
matrix,

HYPOXYLON AND ITS ALLIES.

135

HYPOXYLON.

I. Macro xylon. Large, indurated, irregular, fibrous within.
a. Perithecia monostichons.

1. Hypoxylon cerebrinum, Fee. 1224.

2.

>)

Wrightii, B. & C. 1533.

3.

caelatum, Fr.

4.

corrugatum, Fr.

5.

>>

sclerophaeum, B. & C. 1341.

6.

iy

placentiforme, B. 1535.

7.

it

suborbiculare, Curr. 1536.

8.

Broomeanum, B. & O. 1460.

9.

yiridi-rufum, B. & Rav.

b. Perithecia stratose.

10.

Hypoxylon Petersii, B. & C. 1406.

11.

j?

ovinum, Berk.

Phylacia.

Stroma erect, laccate.

a. Species perfectae.

12. Hypoxylon turbinatum, Berk.

b. Species imperfectae.

a.

Hypoxylon sagraeanum, Mont.

b.

9)

globosum, Lev.

c.

9)

poculiformis, Lev.

d.

Carteri, Berk.

e.

99

ramulosum, Schwz.

HI. Speleroxylon. Stroma superficial, globose or subglobose.

a. Externally coloured, not black.

13.

14.

15.

16.

17.

18.

19.

20.
21.
22.
23.

Hypoxylon coccineum, Bull. 1333.

„ Howeianum, Peck. 1338.

„ commutatum, Ntke. 1350.

„ deciduum, B. & Br. 1403.

,, enteromelum, Schwz. 1355.

„ suberosum, B. & C. 1359.

„ pulchellum, Sacc. 1335.

„ vera-crucis, B. & Cke.

„ argillaceum, Pers. 1337.

„ palumbinum, Quel. 1339.

„ rutilum, Tub 1344.

136

IIXPOXYLON and its allies.

24. Hypoxylon Laschii, Ntke. 1345.

25. „ luridum, Ntke. 1347.

IV.

26.

fi

Bagnisii, Sacc. 1348.

27.

it

notatum, B. & C. 1360.
gilvum, Jungh. 1353.

28.

if

29.

tf

scleroderma, Mont. 1334.

30.

if

distillatum, B. & Br. 1340.

31.

if

botrys, Ntke. 1349.

32.

if

b.

fuscum, Pers. 1368.
Stroma externally black.

33.

Hypoxylo

n multiforme, Fr. 1376.

34.

a

teres, Schwz. 1493.

35.

a

majusculum, Cke. 1369.

36.

fi

malleolus, B. & C. 1413.

37.

a

hians, B. & Cke.

38.

fi

areolatum, B. & C. 1386.

39.

a

avellana, Ces. 1425.

40.

ft

Hookeri, Berk.

41.

a

nodulorum, Lev.

42.

if

fragaria, Ces. 1393.

43.

tt

cohasrens, Pers. 1370.

44.

a

leucostigma, Lev. 1391.

45.

a

comaropsis, Mont. 1398.

46.

a

bomba, Mont. 1399.

47.

a

Murrayi, B. & C. 1397.

48.

a

placenta, Link. 1404.

49.

a

turbinulatum, Schwz. 1407.

50.

a

campsotricbum, Mont. 1409.

51.

a

porosum, Mont. 1381.
glomiforme, B. & C. 1364.

52.

a

Clitoxylon.

Stroma pulvinate, more or less convex, not

a. Stroma externally coloured, not black.

53. Hypoxylon xanthocreas, B. & C. 1302, 1361.

54.

a

hasmatostroma, Mont. 1435.

55.

a

epiphlasum, R. & C. 1444.
hypomiltum, Mont. 1336.

56.

a

57.

a

decorticatum, Schwz. 1354.

58. '

tt

irradians, Mont. 1424.
discoideum, Cke. 1346.

59.

a

60.

it

vinosum, Mont. 1365.
vividum, B. & Br. 1356.

61.

t!

62.

a

quisquilarum, Mont. 1366.

63.

tt

pruinatum, Klot. 942.

64.

a

discolor, B. & C. 1363.

65.

a

eterio, B. & Br. 1133.

HYPOXYLON AND ITS ALLIES.

137

66.

67.

68.

Hypoxylon endoxanthnm, Mont. 1362.
,, Holwayi, Ellis.

b. Stroma externally black.
Hypoxylon leucocreas, B. & R. 1388.

69.

lucidulum, Mont. 1390.

70.

a

microsporum, Ces. 1417.

71.

a

exiguum, Cke.

72.

tt

stigmoideum, Ces. 1378.

73.

a

annulatum, Schwz. 1384.

74.

a

Pouceanum, B. & Cke.

75.

n

durissimum, Schwz. 1447.

76.

n

chalybeum, B. & Br. 945.

77.

u

obesum, Fr. 1401.

78.

a

marginatum, Schwz. 1414.

79.

tt

polyspermum, Mont. 1479.

80.

ty

callostroma, Schwz. 1472.

81.

it.

smilacicolum, Howe. 1371.

82.

it

rimarum, B. & Cke.

83.

it

sassafras, Schwz., including ah
color, B. & C. 1451.

84.

tt

xanthostromum, Schwz. 1507.

85.

ti

Catalpse, Schwz. 1509.

86.

tt

approximans, Ces. 1481.

87.

tt

exsurgens, Mont. 1387.

88.

tt

transversum, Schwz. 1505.

89.

tt

Javanicum, Lev. 1382.

90.

tt

Mascarensis, Berk, not Mont.

91.

tt

leucostomum, Cke.

92.

ti

pauperatum, Karst. 1373.

93.

it

Ayresii, Berk.

94.

it

undosum, Lev. 1410.

95.

tt

spondylinum, Fr. 1542.

96.

it

ramosum, Schwz.

97.

tt

monticulosum, Mont. 1396.

98.

a

Mauritanicum, D. R. & M. 14!

99.

tt

Phoenix, Fr. 1466.

100.

1 1

culmorum, Cke. 1416.

101.

tt

Kurzianum, Curr. 1429.

V. Placoxylon. Stroma broadly and widely effused.
a. Externally coloured, not black.

102. Hypoxylon purpureum, Ntke. 1430.

103. ,, perforatum, Schwz. 1431.

104. ,, atropurpureum, Fr. 1433.

105. „ rnbiginosum, Pers. 1434.

106. „ haematites, Lev.

107. „ trugodes, B. & Br. 1439.

11

HYrOXYLON AND ITS ALLIES.

108. Hypoxylon murcidum, B. & Br. 1478.

109.

piceum, Ellis.

110.

Fendleri, Berk.

111.

n

anthochroum, B. & Br. 1442.

112.

»

fuscopurpureum, Schwz. 1446

113.

•>

florideum, B. & O. 1440.

114.

))

ianthinum, Cke.

115.

n

atropunctatum, Schwz. 1102.

116.

n

capnodes, Berk. 1113.

117.

n

jecorinum, B. & Rav. 1445.

118.

n

crocopeplum, B. & C. 1437.

119.

ii

crocatum, Mont. 1438.

120.

ii

miniatum, Cke. 1432.

121.

ii

subgilvum, B. & Br. 1443.

122.

it

ochraceofulvum, B. & Cke.

123.

n

chrysoconium, B. & Br. 1436.
b. Externally black.

124.

Hypoxyloi

a Cesatianum, Cke.

125.

>»

stygium, Lev. 1452.

126.

a

tormentosum, Ces. 1465.

127.

ii

stigmateum, Cke. 1453,

128.

n

oodes, Berk. 1456.

129.

a

bifrons, Not. 1483.

130.

Ii

aeneum, Ntke. 1483.
hypoleucum, B. & Br.

131.

11

132.

Ii

epirhodium, B. & R. 1457.

133.

11

punctulatum, B. & R. 1534.

134.

it

tinctor, Berk. 741.

135.

11

macrosporum, Karst. 1473.
serpens, Pers. 1448.

136.

11

137.

11

Archeri, Berk. 1449.

138.

11

effusum, Ntke. 1450.
Vogesiacum, Pers. 1454.

139.

11

140.

11

fragile, Ntke. 1459.

141.

Ii

Lenormandi, B. & C. 1458.

142.

11

investiens, Schwz. 1470.

143.

11

concurrens, B. & C. 1474.

144.

11

crustaceum, Ntke. 1453.

145.

11

reticulatum, K. 1454.

146.

11

subterraneum, Feld. 1462.

147.

11

unitum, Fr. 1476.

148.

11

colliculosum, Schwz. 1477.

149.

It

caries, Schwz. 1510.

150.

ii

allantoideum, Cke. 1480.

151.

ii

Michelianum, Not. 1482.

152.

Ii

illitum, Schwz. 1511.

153.

ii

irregulare, Cke.

154.

Ii

glomeratum, Cke.

HYPOXYLON AND ITS ALLIES.

139

155. Hypoxylon Beaumontii, B. & 0. 2848.

156. „ atramentosum, Schwz. 1503.

VI

157.

»

bipapillatum, B. & C, 1467.

158.

))

incrustans, P. 1504.

Endoxylon.

Stroma more or less immersed.

159.

Hypoxylon udum, Pers. 1485.

160.

n

minutum, Ntke. 1486.

161.

»

semi immersum, Ntke. 1487.

162.

>>

Massarae, Not. 1141,

163.

prorumpens, Fr.

Dubi,e.

164.

Hypoxylon sclerotoideum, B. & C. 1351.

165.

))

gangrena, Oes. 1358.

166.

})

lobatum, Fr. 1499.

167.

If

glomus, B. & C. 1394.

168.

ff

Uraniae, Mont. 1500.

169.

11

exertum, Fr. 1501.

170.

11

exaratum, Schwz. 1506.

171.

If

sphseriostomum, Schwz. 1508.

172.

11

hydnicolum, Schwz. 1471.

173.

If

arecarium, Bory. 1468.

Two questions of nomenclature must be alluded to here. Hypoxy-
lon crustaceum (Sow.) Ntke. From the small figure, scarcely an
inch square of external habit only, Nitschke ventured to call a
species H. crustaceum (Sow.) without any knowledge of what the
fruit of Sowerby’s H. crustaceum was. This was certainly not
justifiable, but he did not venture to cite “ Britain ” as a locality
for the species. We have no knowledge of Nitschke’s species as
British at all. It was undoubtedly unknown to Sowerby, and the
species must not be associated with Sowerby’s name, or figure, at
all. Saccardo has repeated these errors, and thus made them
his own. It is similar to the case of Sphceria millepunctata, Grev.,
which for some time continental mycologists persisted in applying
to the wrong species.

The other instance is that of Hypoxylon confluens. Whether
there is sufficient evidence to determine what was, or was not, the
species of Tode, we have certainly not been in the habit of applying
the name to H. udum, but as we believe, with considerable
uniformity, to the species which Nitschke calls H« semi-immersum.
There is very little doubt that this latter species has generally been
called Hypoxylon conflueris. Hence, instead of introducing a new
name and merging Hyp. confluens in 77. udum , it would have been
more in accordance with botanical rule and practice to have retained
the name of Hypoxylon confluens for what has been denominated

140

HYPOXYLON AND ITS ALLIES.

Hyp. semi-immersum. We find that the Rev. M. J. Berkeley re-
garded Hypoxylon confluens as the species now answering to the
name of Hypoxylon semi-immersum , and we doubt not, as far as
British Botanists are concerned, we should have their sympathy
in restoring the name of Hyp. confluens instead of H. semi-immer-
sum.

This communication has already extended to such a consider-
able length that the remaining allied genera must stand over until
next issue of this Journal.

NEW BRITISH MARINE ALGJE.

By E. M. Holmes, F.L.S.

( Continued from Vol. x.f p. 111.)

PHASOSPORE.E.

* Phyllitis Fascia, Ktz. Phyc. gen. p. 342 ( non Laminaria Fascia

Harv).

Elie, Fifeshire, E. M. Holmes. Berwick-on-Tweed, E. Batters.

* Dictyosiphon feeniculaceus, Grev. subsp. hispidus Kjellm, om Spets.

Tliall. n.f p. 39, tab. II.

Joppa, near Edinburgh, G. W. Traill. Growing usually on
Scytosiphon lomentarius , Phyllitis ccespitosa and Chondrus crispus.

* D. hippuroides, Aresch. Obs. Phyc. in .,p. 27 ; Phyc. mar. Sc. tab. 6, A.

Parasitical on Chordaria flagelliformis.

Portobello, Dunbar, Braxmouth, Earlsferry, Kinghorn, North
Berwick, G. W. Traill. Berwick-on Tweed, E. Batters.

* D. Mesogloia, Aresch. Obs. Phyc. hi., p. 33, JExs. n. 106.

In shallow pools at Elie, Fifeshire, E. M. Holmes. Long-
niddry, G. W. Traill.

* Phloeospora subarticulata, Aresch. Bot. Not. 1873, p. 132 ; Lyngb,

Bydr., t. 14, c.f. 3.

Occurs in Cock’s fasciculi, v. 43, sub Dictyosiphon fcenicu-
laceus, fide Bornet Etudes Phyc., p. 16. Kildonan, J. Cooke.
Carnarvon, E. M. Holmes. Cullercoats, Miss E. Bainbridge.
Connemara, Mrs. Stokes in Herbaruim Gray.f

The specimen in Cock’s fasciculus under Dictyosiphon fcenicu-
laceus was probably obtained from the North of England or Scot-
land, since there is no record of the plant as a southern species in
this country. The transverse lines seen on the frond under a good
lens distinguish it at sight from D. fceniculaceus , which it other-
wise closely resembles in appearance.

* The species marked with an asterisk will be published in forthcoming
fasciculi.

t Mrs. J. E. Gray’s collection of Marine Algse is now in the University
Herbarium at Cambridge.

NEW BRITISH MARINE ALG2E.

141

* P. tortilis, Aresch. Bot, Not. 1876, p. 34; Kjellm.on Spets. Thall. II ,,t. 1,

f. 21.

Cullercoats, Miss E. Bainbridge. Joppa, G. W. Traill. Kil-
donan, Herb, Landsborough, Berwick-on-Tweed, E. Batters.
Filey, 1868, C. Stevens, in Herbarium Gray.

* Streblonema investiens, Thur.

Parasitical on Gracilaria compressa. Weymouth, E. M.
Holmes.

* S. reptans, Cm.

Parasitical on Cladophora. Trebarwitb, Cornwall, Miss A.
Cresswell. On Chcetomorphcerea, Weymouth, Miss K. Appleford.
On Cladophora Icetevirens, Sidmouth, E. M. Holmes.

* Ectocarpus simplex, Cm. Flor. du Finist. p. 163; Desm. Exs. 1806.

On Codium tomentosum. Lizard, E. M. Holmes.

* E. insignis, Cm. Flor . du Finist. p. 163; Alg. Mar. Finist. exs. 14.

On Zostera roots. Smallmouth, near Weymouth, E. M.
Holmes.

E. elegans, Thur. Alg. Mar. de Cherb.p. 77, pi. u.,fig. 1-2.

On Desmarestia aculeata. Falmouth, F. W. Smith.

E. ramellosus, Ktz. Phyc. germ. p. 235.

Padstow, R. Y. Tellam.

E. terminalis, Kutz. Phyc. germ.p. 236; tab. phyc. v., t. 74,, f. 2.

On Chcetomorpha cerea. Smallmouth, near Weymouth, Miss K.
Appleford. On Corallina. Fowey, R. Y. Tellam.

* Giraudia sphacelarioides, Derb. et Sol. in Cast. Cat. pi. Mars, suppl.
p. 101 ; Phys. des Algee. pi. xiv„ f. 12-16 ; Aresch. Obs. Phyc. in., fig. 1.

On decaying Zostera leaves. Smallmouth, near Weymouth, E.
M. Holmes.

* Sphacelaria plumigera, Holmes.

Eastbourne, W. Borrer. Joppa, G. W. Traill. Carnarvon, J.
E. Griffiths. Cullercoats, Miss E. Bainbridge. Folkestone, E.
M. Holmes. Herne Bay, Torquay, Herbarium Gray.

This plant has long passed as Lyngbye’s Sphacelaria plumosa ,
but is really a Cladostephus, since it has fruit on minute special
branches on the main axis, as in that genus, with which also it
agrees in stem structure. I have therefore named it Cladostephus
plumosus. S. plumigera is a true Sphacelaria , with sporangia only
on the ultimate ramuli. Borrer’s specimen, found at Eastbourne in
1808, and now in the Herbarium of the British Museum, has uni-
locular sporangia.

* S. scoparioides, Lyngb. Hydr. p. 107, t. 32. fig. c.

Bognor, 1831, Mrs. Gray, in Herb. Brit. Mus. Brighton,
1859, Mrs. Merrifield.

* S. pseudoplumosa, Cr. Flor. du Finist. p. 164, pi. xx\.,Jig. 161.
Ilfracombe. Mixed with S. sertularia, and so named in Herb.

Griffiths, in Linn. Soc. Brighton, Mrs. Merrifield, 1859. Small-
mouth, near Weymouth, E. M. Holmes.

* Sp. caespitula, Lyngb. Hydr.p. 105, t. 32, Jig. a.

Berwick-on-Tweed, E. Batters.

142

NEW BRITISH MARINE ALGJE.

* Cladostephus plumosus, Holmes Cladostephus distichus, Holmes

MSS. {Traill in Algceof Firth of Forth Proc. Royal Pl/ys.Soc. Fdinb., 1882).

Sphacelaria plumosa, Lyngb. Hydr. p. 100, t. 3 0,fig. c.

Ardrossan and Portincross, Rev. D. Landsborough. Anglesea,
J. E. Griffiths. Kinghorn, G. W. Traill. Killbride, Ayrshire,
sub S. plumosa in Herb. Brit. Mus.

Stilophora Lejolisii, Thur. in Alg. Mar. de Cherb.,pr. 8-9.

Looe, Cornwall, R. V. Tellam. Brighton, Mrs. Merrifield.
Arran, Herb. Gray.

ALGAE BRITANNICAE RARIORES EXSICCATAE.

Fasc. I.

By E. M. Holmes.

Of the twenty-five species contained in the first fasciculus,
twenty are new to Britain since Harvey’s Phycologia Britannica
was published, and the other five are rarely met with in herbaria.
No. 6, D. Mesogloia , has probably been mistaken in the North of
England and Scotland, for Mesogloia virescens, from which it is only
distinguishable when seen growing by the acute apices of the
fronds. Nos. 19 and 20, Phloespora subarticulata and P. tortilis have
undoubtedly passed unnoticed in collections under the name of
Dictyosiphon foeniculaceus. The fruits of Sphacelaria plumigera
(23), and of Cladostephus plumosus (1), have only recently been
described, and the two plants so closely resemble each other in the
sterile state that only a careful examination of a series of speci-
mens, or a microscopic section of the frond, would render it easy
to separate them.

1. Cladostephus plumosus, Holmes. (Sphacelaria plumosa,

Lyngb.)

Ardrossan, August, 1882, Rev. H. Landsborough.

2. Corallina Mediterranea, Aresch.

The Lizard, July, 1882, E. M. Holmes.

3. Cordylecladia erecta, J. Ag. {Tetraspores).

Folkestone, November, 1881, E. M. Holmes.

4. Dictyosiphon foeniculaceus, Grev. subsp., hispidus, Kjellm.

Joppa, near Edinburgh, June, 1881, G. W. Traill.

5. Dictyosiphon hippuroides, Aresch.

Dunbar, June, 1881, G. W. Traill.

6. Dictyosiphon Mesogloia, Aresch.

Longniddry, July, 1881, G. W. Traill.

ALG.E BRiTANitlCiE RARIORES EXSlCOATJS.

143

7. Ectocarpus granulosus, Ag. (plurilocular sporangia).

Exmouth, July, 1881, E. M. Holmes.

8. Ectocarpus simplex, Cm. on Codium tomentosum, Ag.

The Lizard, July, 1882, E. M. Holmes.

9. Elachista Grevillii, Am., on Cladophora rupestris, Ktz.

Berwick-on-Tweed, October, 1882, E. Batters.

10. Giraudia sphacelarioides, Derb ., on Zostera.

Weymouth, August, 1882, E. M. Holmes.

11. Lomentaria reflexa, J. Ag. (Tetraspores).

Sidmouth, June, 1882, E. M. Holmes.

12. Melobesia Corallinse, Cm., on Corallina officinalis, L.

The Lizard, July, 1882, E. M. Holmes.

13. Melobesia Laminarise, Cm., on Laminaria Cloustoni, Le Jol.

Weymouth, August, 1882, E. M. Holmes.

14. Melobesia Thureti, B ornet, on Jania corniculata, Lmx.

Sidmouth, June, 1881, and The Lizard, July, 1882, E. M.
Holmes.

15. Monostroma laceratum, Thur.

Wadebridge, May, 1881, R. V. Tellam.

16. Nitophyllum reptans, Cm., on Laminaria Cloustoni, Le Jol.

Berwick-on-Tweed, 1882, E. Batters.

17. Nitophyllum uncinatum, J. Ag.

Exmouth, June, 1882, The Lizard, July, 1882, E. M.
Holmes.

18. Phyllophora palmettoides, J. Ag.

Sidmouth, February, 1881, E. M. Holmes.

19. Phlceospora subarticulata, Aresch.

Carnarvon, April, 1881, E. M. Holmes.

20. Phlceospora tortilis, Aresch.

Elie, Fifeshire, July, 1881, G. W. Traill.

21. Prasiola marina, Cm.

Joppa, near Edinburgh, April, 1881, G. W. Traill.

22. Sphacelaria cirrhosa, Ag. var. patentissima, Grev. on the

roots of Zostera.

Weymouth, August, 1882, E. M. Holmes.

23. Sphacelaria plumigera, Holmes (S. plumosa, Harv . partim),

(unilocular sporangia).

Joppa, near Edinburgh, January, 1881, G. W. Traill.

24. Sphacelaria pseudo-plumosa, Cm.

Weymouth, August, 1882, E. M. Holmes.

25. Streblonema investiens, Thur., on Gracilaria compressa,

J. Ag.

Weymouth, August, 1882, E. M. Holmes.

144

MYCOLOGIC ART.

Tabulae Analytics Fungorum, by M. Patouillard. Fart i.,
8vo. Poligny. 100 figs.

Fungi Agrumicoli, by Dr. 0. Penzig. 8vo. 136 plates.
Padua.

Figures Peintes de Champignons, by L. Lucand. Part iii.,
4to. 25 plates.

Fungi Italici, by Prof. P. A. Saccardo, fasc xxix-xxxii.

At no period, perhaps, during the past fifty years has illustrative
art, as applied to Mycology, been so devoid of art as at the pre-
sent time, if we may judge by the examples which have come
under our notice. We have named four works above, of which
certainly none pass beyond mediocrity, even if they attain it. In
some the efforts at reproduction result in complete caricatures.
Doubtless the authors themselves have a good opinion of their
works, but most persons will regard that as an hallucination. The
well-intentioned efforts of M. Patouillard have ended in the pro-
duction of a number of very extraordinary outlines, drawn, it may
be, from his inner consciousness, and especially in the case of Pis -
tiliaria , of a very low grade of art.

Dr. Penzig reprints, without any intimation that he is doing so,
letterpress from one work without altering the paging, and illustra-
tions from another. These are sold to unsuspecting victims as a
new and original work, but when they arrive are found to be re-
prints, of which one copy is quite sufficient. The execution is ex-
ceedingly rough, and the colouring equal to the bright red and
green examples of the artistic efforts of an infant school.

The third part of Lucand’s Iconographie is no better than its
predecessors. This part contains 25 plates, illustrating as many
common and well-known species, and the price is thirty shillings.
Its artistic merits are of a very low order, and by no means such as
the purchaser would expect to get for his money. The work is
announced as a continuation of the Champignons of Bulliard, but
we venture to think that had it appeared in his day Bulliard would
scarcely have felt flattered by the compliment.

The “ Fungi Italici ” gives an immense number of figures.
Some would wish that these were fewer in number if they were
only better in quality. They are evidently in many cases intended
rather to illustrate the author’s views as to what a species ought
to be than what it is. As, for instance, in the so-called Cercospora
vitis , the spores are turned topsy-turvy, and attached by the wrong
end so as to justify its inclusion in Cercospora. If the figures are
not very artistic, it would be some counterpoise if they made up
by fidelity.

145

AUSTRALIAN FUNGI.

By M. C. Cooke. ( Continued from p. 104.)
PYRENOMYCETES.

Ord. I. HYPOCREACEJE, de Not.

Gen. 1. Cordyceps. Fr.

Cordyceps Gunnii, Berk. FI. Tasm. ii., 278.

\ ictoria, Tasmania.

Cordyceps entomorrhiza, Fr. Summ. V. Scan 381.

Victoria.

Cordyceps menesteridis, Berk. & Mull, in Gard. Chron.

Victoria.

Only a variety of C. entomorrhiza.

Gen. 2. Hypocrea. Fr.

Hypocrea cerebriformis, Berk. Linn. Journ. XIII., 179.

S. Australia.

Hypocrea semiorbis, Berk. FI. Tasm. ii., 278.

Tasmania.

Hypocrea citrina, Fr. Summ. V. Scan., 185.

Tasmania.

Hypocrea rufa ( Pers .), Fr. Summ. V. Scan., 383.

Tasmania.

Hypocrea membranacea, B. $ Br. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. V , 89.
Queensland.

Gen. 3. Hypomyces. Tul.

Hypomyces tomentosus (Fr.), Grev. iv., 15.

Tasmania.

Hypomyces rosellus, A. 8$ S. Consp. 55, t. 7, f. 3.

W. Australia.

Gen. 4. Spirerostilbe. Tul.

Sphserostilbe dubia, Berk. Linn. Journ. xviii., 389.
Sphcerostilbe cinnabarina (Mont.), Tul. Carp, hi., 103.

Clarence River.

Gen. 5. Nectria. Fr.

Nectria quisquilaris, Cke. GreviUeay hi., 65.

Victoria.

Nectria sanguinea ( Sibth .), Fr. Summa., 388.

W. Australia.

Nectria agaricicola, Berk. FI. Tasm. ii., 278, 1. 183,/. 14.
Tasmania.

i

146

AUSTRALIAN FUNGI.

Nectria tephrothele, Berk. FI. Tasm. n., 278.
Tasmania.

Nectria coccinea, Fr. Summa. 388.

Tasmania, N. S. Wales, Queensland.
Nectria fusarioides, Berk. FI. Tasm. II., 279.
Tasmania.

Nectria Tasmanica, Berk. FI. Tasm. n., 279.
Tasmania.

Gen. 1. Xylaria. Schr.

Sect. A. Xyloglossa . Fr.

Xylaria australis, Cooke Grevillea xi., p. 84.
Endeavour River.

Xylaria involuta, Klotsch. in Linnea.

N. S. Wales, Daintree River.

Xylaria ectogramma, Berk. Linn. Journ. xiil., 177.
Victoria.

Xylaria rhytidophlsea, Mont. Syll., No. 687.

Victoria, Queensland.

Xylaria polymorpha, Grev. FI. Ed. 355.

Queensland, Port Denison, Daintree River, Richmond River,
Bellenden Ker Range, Endeavour River.

Xylaria cerebriformis, Cooke Grevillea xi.,p. 86.

Endeavour River.

Xylaria lobata, Cooke Grevillea xi., p. 86.

Endeavour River.

Xylaria allantoidea, BerJc. Hook. Journ., 1839, p. 397.

Endeavour River.

Xylaria phosphorea, Berk. Linn. Journ. xiii., p. 177.

Victoria.

Xylaria tuberiformis, Berk. FI. N.Zeal. II., 204.

Bellenden Ker Range.

Xylaria cretacea ( Hypoxylon , B. 8f Br. Linn. Trans., 1879, 405).
Queensland.

Sect. B. Xylocovyne. Fr.

Xylaria corniformis {Mont.), Fr. Summ ., 381.

Tasmania.

Xylaria aphrodisiaca, Well. 8f Curr. Fung. Ang., p, 280.

Queensland.

Sect. C. Xylostyla. Fr.

Xylaria digitata, Grev. FI. Edin.,p. 356.

Clarence River.

Ord. II. XYLARIACEJE.

Xylaria grammica, Mont. Syll., No. 680.
Endeavour River, Daintree River.

AUSTRALIAN FUNGI.

147

Sect. D. Xylodactyla. Fr.

Xylaria hypoxylon, Grev. FI. Edin ., p. 355.

Queensland.

Gen. 2. Poronia. Fr.

Poronia punctata, Fr. Sum. V. Scan ., 382.

W. Australia, Tasmania.

Poronia oedipus, Mont. Ann. Sci. Nat., 1855.

Queensland, Clarence River.

Poronia pileiformis, Berk. Hook. Journ., 1842.

Queensland.

Gen. 3. Rhopalopsis. Che. Grev. xi., 93.

Rhopalopsis cetrarioides (Well. <k Curr. Fung. Ang.,p. 282).
Queensland.

Rhopalopsis Angolense (Well. & Curr. Fung. Ang., y. 282),
Queensland.

Gen. 4. Hypoxylon. Fr.

Hypox. (Daldinia) concentricum, Grev. Sc. Crypt. FI., t. 324.

Victoria, Tasmania, N. S. Wales, Queensland, S. W. Australia,
Port Denison.

Hypox. (Macroxylon) sclerophaeum, B . 8f C. Linn. Journ. XIII., 177.

S. Australia.

Hypox. (Macroxylon) placentaeforme, Berk. Sf Curt. Cuban Fungi,
No. 815.

Endeavour River.

Hypox. (Sphaeroxylon) coccineum, Bull. Champ., 174.

Tasmania.

Hypox. (Sphaeroxylon) argillaceum, Pers. Syn., 10.

Tasmania.

Hypox. (Sphaeroxylon) rutilum, Tnl. Carp. Fung. n„ 38.
Queensland.

Hypox. (Sphaeroxylon) multiforme, Fr. Summa. V. S.,p, 384.

W. Australia, Tasmania.

Hypox. (Clitoxylon) annulatum ( Schwz .), Mont. Syll., p. 213.
Tasmania.

Hypox. (Placoxylon) haematites, Lev. Grev. xi., p. 133.

Endeavour River.

Hypox. (Placoxylon) Archeri, Berk. FI, Tasm. ii., 280,

Tasmania.

Hypox. (Placoxylon) capnodes, Berk. Hook. Journ., 1845, 72.

W. Australia.

U8

AUSTRALIAN FUNGI.

Gen. 5. Nummularia. Tul.

Nummularia Bulliardi, Tul. Carp. Fung. II., p. 43.

Tasmania.

Nummularia australis, Coolie.

Stroma cortice innascens, erumpens, effusa, determinata, saepe
disciformis, convexa, impolita, atra. Peritheciis subglobosis, par-
vulis, 1-2 serialibus ; ostiolis externis vix visibilis. Ascis cylin-
draceis. Sporidiis vere polymorphis, aliis fusiformibus (*021 x *009
mm.) aliis ovatis (’012 X'008 mm.) ; aliis intermediis, plerumque
magnis fuscis.

On bark. Clarence River (Miss Thorneton).

Ord. III. DOTHIDIEX. Fr.

Gen. 1. Melogramma. Fr.

Melogramma rubricosa. (Fr. Flench, ii., 63.)

W. Australia, Queensland.

Gen. 2. Dothidea. Fr.

Dothidea perisporioides, B. <!s C. North Am. Fungi, No. 880.

Victoria, N. S. Wales.

Dothidea graminis, Pers. Obt. 1, 18, t. 1,/. 1, 2.

Gen. 3. Rhytisma. Fr.

Rhytisma hypoxanthum, B. Br. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. IT., v. 89.
Queensland.

Ord. IY. VALSI^I.

Gen. 1. Diatrype. Fr.

Diatrype elevata, Berk. Hooh. Journ. 1845, 298.

W. Australia. Tasmania.

Gen. 2. Valsa. Fr.

Valsa echidna, Cke. Grevillea ix., 4.

N. S. Wales. Queensland.

Gen. 3. Eutypa. Tul.

Eutypa lata, (i^r.) Tul. Carp. Fung, n., p. 56.

Tasmania.

Ord. Y. SPH2ERIJEI.

Gen. 1. Cucurbit ari a. Grev.

Cucurbitaria Archer i, Berk. FI. Tasm. ii., 280.

Gen. 2. Gibbera. Fr.

Gibbera Saubinetii, Mont. FI. Alg. p. 479.

Tasmania.

AUSTRALIAN FUNGI.

149

Gen. 3. Massaria. Fr.

Massaria australis, Cke. Grevillea xm., 65.

Victoria.

Gen. 4. Lasiosph^ria. Che.

Lasiosphaeria ovina, ( Pers .) Grevillea vn., 85.

Victoria.

Lasiosphaeria pulvinula, Berk. Hook. Journ. Bot. 1845, 299.

W. Australia.

Gen. 5. Psilosphaeria. Che.

Psilosphaeria inspersa, Berk. Hook. Journ. Bot. 1845, 299.’

W. Australia.

Psilosphaeria Schomburgckii, Berk. Linn. Journ. xviii., 389.
Queensland (?)

Psilosphaeria congesta, Cke.

Gregaria, conferta, atra. Peritheciis sub-cylindricis, convexis,
glabris, poro pertusis. Ascis subclavatis. Sporidiis fusiformibus,
triseptatis, leniter constrictis, fuligineis ('04 x *01 mm.).

On bark. Twofold Bay.

Gen. 6. ByssosphaEria. Che.

Byssosphaeria byssiseda, Tode Meek, n., 10.

Tasmania.

Gen. 7. Melanospora. Corda.

Melanospora caprina, Fr. Summ. V. Sc., 396.

Tasmania.

Gen. 8. Sphaeria. Hill.

Sphaeria polyasca, B. <$f Br. Proe. Linn . Soc. N. S. W. v. 91.

On Bottle Gourd. Queensland.

Gen. 9. SpHaErella. DeNot.

Sphaerella destructiva, B. Sf Br, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. v. 9i.

On Medicago. Queensland.

Ord. VI. PERISPORI.ZEI.

Gen. 1. Corynelia. Fr.

Corynelia uberata, Fr. Sys. Myc. n., 535.

Gen. 2. Meliola. Fr.

Meliola amphitricha, Fr. Elen, n , 109,

Victoria.

150

AUSTRALIAN FUNGI.

IVXeliola Tetracerae, Thum. Sym. Myc. Austr. n., No. 92.

Queensland.

Gen. 3. Asterina. Lev.

Asterina Baileyi, B. Br. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. v. 89.

On Hakea. Queensland.

Asterina pelliculosa, Berk. Antarct. Crypt, p. 137.

Queensland.

Gen. 4. Antennaria. Link.

Antennaria scoriadea, Berk. Hook. Journ. 1815, 70.

W. Australia. Gipps Land.

PYKENOMYCETES INCOMPLETE.

Ord. I. SFHXRONEMEI.

Gen. 1. Speleronema. Tode.

Sphaeronema rufum, Fr. Act. Eohn. 1818, 357.

Tasmania.

Gen. 2. Phoma. Fr.

Phoma ampelinum, B. & C. North Amer. Fungi. No. 380.

Australia.

Gen. 3. Excipula. Fr.

Excipula strigosa, Corda. Icon, ill., /. 78.

W. Australia.

Gen. 4. Gymnosporium. Corda.

Gymnosporium inquinans, Berk, in Welw. Crypt. Lusit. No. 60.

W. Australia.

Gen. 5. Phyllosticta. Pers.

Phyllosticta fragaricola, Desm. pi. Crypt. No. 686.

On strawberry leaves. S. Australia (Crawford).

Phyllosticta circumscissa, Cke.

Amphigena. Maculis orbicularibus, rufo-fuscis, demum de-
lapsis. Peritbeciis paucis, minutis, innatis. Sporis ellipticis
(•008 X ‘002 mm.).

On leaves of apricot and cherry. S. Australia (Crawford).
Very common in South Australia, leaving the leaves perforated
with small round holes by the falling away of the spots ; hence
called the “ shot-hole fungus.” It is believed to be causing con-
siderable injury to the fruit trees.

151

CLASSIFICATION OF THE UREDINES.

By M. C. Cooke.

It was not our intention to have made any remarks on the
communication at page 116, had we not been challenged to give
our reasons for sanctioning the change of specific names there
proposed, as if we assumed responsibility. W e beg, therefore, at
first to observe that we are responsible only for our own communica-
tions, and it should not be assumed that we accept the views of our
contributors, because we do not rush forward and challenge them.
There are one or two points on which we maybe permitted to offer
an explanation.

The writer in question has adopted the views of Continental
authors, as he admits, and is only responsible for his acceptance of
them — without conditions — in order “to be in harmony.”

With the barbarous combinations that are employed for the
subgenera, we do not intend to occupy space. That “ Euromyces ”
should be a sub-genus of “ Uromyces ” we leave to the consciences
of Schroter and Co., but classical authorities contend that
“ Lepturomyces ” and “ Micruromyces ” as representatives of
Lepto-uromyces and Micro-uromyces is too barbarous, even for
botanical “ dog-Latin.”

On the general scheme of classification we have no strictures to
offer, except such as concern what are called the heteroecismal
species, and on this point we have already spoken.

As to the proposed changes in old and well established specific
names we must protest.

I. — Because the changes are wholly unnecessary. These names
have been in use many years, are thoroughly well known, are open
to no plausible objection, and answer all the purposes of science.
Only sentimental reasons can be offered for the changes, and not
practical ones. Everyone is well enough satisfied with Puccinia
anemones and only theorists — not practical men — desire to change
it and add another synonym to the list. To the law and to the
testimony “ Next in importance is the avoidance of any useless
introduction of new names.” Laws of Botanical Nomenclature.
Cap. i., Art. 3.

II. — Because the proposed changes are in opposition to the
principles of Botanical nomenclature. If it were desired at all to
go behind an accepted name, that name must clearly belong to the
same specific plant. Puccinia flosculosorum A. & 8. for instance,
which is proposed to be substituted for P . compositarum , Schl.
What is gained but confusion by the change ? There is no such
species as Puccinia flosculosorum in Alb. & Schw. or any having
correspondence with the same specific plant. Uredo flosculosorum ,
Alb. & Schw. was an Uredo , with simple ovate spores. No one
who reads the description would dream of applying it to a Puccinia.
There was no such species known to Alb. & Schw. as Puccinia
flosculosorum, and therefore the name cannot be applied to it — as

152

CLASSIFICATION OF THE UREDINES.

the species of Alb. & Schw. It is useless to argue that the Uredo
of Alb. & Schw. was an imperfect state of Paccinia compositarum ,
because in that case it becomes only a dropt name, representing
only a part of the plant, and cannot be applied to a condition
subsequently discovered, and wholly unknown to the authors.

The principles of Botanical nomenclature would authorize us not
to go further back than Puccinia for a specific name, unless to
some previous genus which recognized the salient features of the
genus Puccinia.

“ Nobody is authorized to change a name because it is badly
chosen or disagreeable, or another is preferable or better known, or
for any other motive, either contestable, or of little import.”
Laws of Bot. Nom. Sect, vi., Art. 59.

“ Every author who has limited a species somewhat otherwise
than his predecessors, so as to exclude, or include a form more or a
form less, may be considered to have destroyed the ancient species,
and to have created another , under the same name.” Commentary
on Laws , p. 64.

Plowright then, under the name of Puccinia flosculosorum
destroys the old species of Uredo flosculosorum , A. & S., by adding
other forms, and creates another species under the same name,
Puccinia flosculosorum , Plowright. But, as there is already a
name current for the same species, Puccinia compositarum , Schl.,
which has priority, therefore the new name cannot be adopted.

“Publishing a name that cannot be adopted is uselessly throw-
ing a synonym into circulation.” Commentary on Laws , p. 51.

III. — Because, in some instances, the changes are opposed to the
law of priority. Take the proposed Puccinia tragopogi , Pers.,
substituted for Puccinia sparsa , Cooke. There is no such species
as Puccinia tragopogi, Pers., only JEtddium Tragopogi, Pers., and
the diagnosis of this species will not apply to Puccinia at all.
Even if it were permitted to take the specific name from Persoon
in one genus, and apply it in another, it could not stand as
Puccinia Tragopogi, Pers., because it implies more than Persoon
intended, but it must appear as Puccinia Tragopogi (Pers.),
Plow. Here we encounter another difficulty, because tbe law of
priority gives the name of Puccinia Tragopogonis to Corda. {Icon.,
1842), and this cannot be superseded by a later name, that of
Puccinia Tragopogi, Plow. They are not the same species, because
P. Tragopogonis, Corda, has smooth spores, whilst that called
P. Tragopogi, Plow., has rough spores. The names are too similar
to be permitted together in the same genus.

u Avoid in the same genus names too similar in form — above
all, those that only differ in their last letters.” Laws of Bot .
Nom., Cap. hi., Art. 36.

We might proceed through the whole series in a like manner,
but we forbear, and will rest content with this protest against
unsettling specific nomenclature, on such insufficient grounds, in
order that we may be in harmony with those who have done wrong
elsewhere, whether Teutons or Titans.

153

ILLUSTRATIONS OF BRITISH FUNGI.

With the eighteenth part, shortly to be published, the first
section of the “ Illustrations ” will be completed. This will
contain 292 plates of the Leucospori division of the genus
Agaricus, and will form two volumes, with an analytical systematic
Index. A few species that have been recorded as British will be
found omitted, as it was impossible to obtain drawings of them.
The following is a list of the deficiencies : —

Agaricus ( Lepiota ) cinnabarinus var. Terrei , B. & Br. This
variety was figured by W. G. Smith in his “ Illustrations,” and we
have no knowledge of its having been found since.

Agaricus ( Armillaria ) aurantius, Schseff. This species is said
to have been once found in Scotland, and was figured at the time
by W. G. Smith, from the Scotch specimens. This figure we
produced on Plate 33, but it is certainly not the true Agaricus
aurantius , Schasff. So that, for the present, we must consider the
species as doubtfully British.

Agaricus ( Tricholoma ) auratus, Fr., seems to be doubtfully
British.

Agaricus ( Tricholoma ) pessundatus, Fr. All the specimens or
figures which we have yet seen of British individuals under this
name are referable either to Ag. stans or Ag. imbricatus .

Agaricus ( Tricholoma ) loricatus , Fr. Of this we have seen no
fresh specimens, and have at present no drawing. It is figured by
Fries in his “ leones.”

Agaricus ( Tricholoma ) civilis, Fr. The same remark applies to
this species.

Agaricus ( Clitocybe ) gangrenosus , Fr., and its variety nigrescens ,
Lasch. The only drawings we have seen cannot belong to the
genuine species, and we have found nothing which answers to the
description by Fries. We are not aware that it has ever been
figured.

Agaricus ( Clitocybe ) amarella, Fr. The specimens found and
recorded under this name do not correspond with the figure sub-
mitted to Fries by Dr. Quelet. It is therefore doubtfully
British.

Agaricus ( Clitocybe ) subalutaceus , Batsch. We have been un-
able to obtain drawings of this species.

Agaricus ( Clitocybe ) polius, Fr. This seems to be doubtfully
British, as far as we can ascertain.

Agaricus ( Clitocybe ) cryptarum , Letell. We do not know this
species, and have no drawing of the specimens referred to it*

12

154

ILLUSTRATIONS OF BRITISH FUNGI.

Agaricus (Clitocybe) infundibuli formis, variety membranaceus , Fi\,
was figured in W. G. Smith’s “ Illustrations.” We have no other
drawings.

Agaricus (Clitocybe) trullceformis , Fr. We have no drawing of
British specimens.

Agaricus ( Clitocybe ) concavus , Fr.

Agaricus ( Clitocybe ) pausiacus, Fr. The same observation
applies to these two species.

Agaricus (Collybia) racemosus , P. The drawings of this species
made by Rev. M. J. Berkeley have been mislaid.

Agaricus ( Collybia ) extuberans , Fr. We have been unable to
secure drawings of British specimens.

Agaricus (Collybia) ozes , Fr. Unfortunately the only specimens
found in this country were not drawn at the time. It has never
been figured.

Agaricus ( Collybia ) murinus , Batsch. This is unknown to us,
and we have seen no figure of British specimens.

Agaricus (Mycena) aurantio -marginatus, Fr. We have no figure
of this species.

Agaricus (Mycena) atro-albus , Bolt. We only know this
species from Bolton’s figure.

Agaricus ( Mycena ) peltatus , Fr. We have not seen this
singular species.

Agaricus ( Mycena ) mirabilis, C. & Q. It seems to he doubtful
whether this differs from Ag. iris, B. & Br.

Agaricus ( Omphalia ) umbilicatus , Schasff.

Agaricus ( Omphalia ) chrysophyllus , Fr.

Agaricus ( Omphalia ) glaucophyllus , Lasch.

Agaricus ( Omphalia ) rusticus, Fr.

Agaricus ( Omphalia ) infumatus, B. & Br.

Agaricus (Pleurotus) pulmonarius , Fr.

Of all these species we have no figures, but should any of them
be secured hereafter, they will be published, with any additions, as
an appendix, at the end of the genus Agaricus.

It has been suggested that a reprint of the descriptions of all
the British species would be desirable, to accompany these plates.
The subject is having serious consideration, and will doubtless be
adopted.

The pink spored Agarics will be proceeded with at once on the
completion of the two volumes of wkite-spored species. A few
vacancies in the list of subscribers, on account of deaths, may be
filled up with the commencement of the third volume.

M. C. Cooke.

155

NEW BRITISH FUNGI.

By M. C. Cooke.

Agaricus (Collybia) psathyroides, Cooke. Ulus. t. 266.

Ivory-white. Pileus campanulate, obtuse, rather viscid, margin
regular, even ; stem erect, slender, hollow, equal, rather tough.
Gills very broad, triangular, adnate with a decurrent tooth, rather
distant, persistently white. Spores elliptic, colourless. *015 X
•007 mm. On the ground. Epping Forest.

Pileus J inch broad, nearly an inch high ; stem 3-4 inches
long, slender. Allied to Ag. Stevensoni , B. & Br. Wholly white.
Resembling in habit some Psathyra or Panceolus, but the spores are
absolutely colourless when fully mature.

Agaricus (Omphalia) caespitosus, Bolton, t. 41.

Pileus submembranaceous, convex, subhemispherical, umbilicate,
ochrey white, margin crenate, sulcate nearly to the top, smooth ;
stem curved, fistulose, slightly bulbous at the base ; gills distant,
rather broad, shortly decurrent, whitish. — Cooke Illustrations , t.
209,/, B. On banks near King’s Lynn (C. B. P.).

This species has been confounded with Ag. oniscus, Fr., both in
the “ Handbook,” and by Fries himself. It is exactly the plant
figured in the English edition of Bolton, but the German reprint
is coloured quite differently. The colour is entirely of a delicate
ochraceous white.

Agaricus (Pleurotus) acerinus, Fr. Hym. Fur. 175.

White, tough, pileus fleshy, thin, unequal, clad with silky fibrils ;
stem rather lateral, thin, or obsolete villous. Gills decurrent,
much crowded, thin, white, then becoming yellowish.

On trunks. Epping Forest (W. G. Smith).

Pileus 1-4 inches broad, not hygrophanous. By some oversight
this species has not been recorded as British. An excellent figure
by Mr. Worthington Smith is in the British Museum.

Thecaphora Trailii, Cooke.

Developed in the florets, purplish-brown, pulverulent. Spores
globose, usually in fours, rarely 2 or 3, compressed on the inner
face; epispore finely verruculose. *012-‘014 mm. diam.

On Carduus heterophyllus. Scotland (Professor J. W. H. Trail).
Having very much the habit and appearance of Ustilago Cardui ,
but differs in being a true Thecaphora , and in the epispore being
verrucose and not reticulate.

Ramularia Cochleari», Cke.

Epiphylla, orbicularis, alba. Maculis pallidis. Sporis elongato-
cylindricis, rotundatis, continuis, hyalinis. 025--028 x *0035 mm.

On leaves of Cochlearia officinalis. Banks of Don (Prof. Trail).
Cylindrosporium niveum, B. <& Br.

The species described as Cercospora Calthce , in u Grevillea,” p.
72, should be referred to the above.

156

CRYPTOGAMIC LITERATURE.

Gossel and Wendisch. Zeitsclirift fur pilzfreunde, Nos. 1-3.

Ellis, J. B. North American Fungi in “ American Naturalist,’’
Feb. -Mar., 1883.

Just, Dr. Botanischer Jahresbericht for 1878, vol. ii, part 5.

Gravet, F. Enumeratio Muscorum Europaeum in “ Revue
Bryologique,” No. 2, 1883.

Muller, Dr. J. Lichenologische Beitrage in “ Flora,” Nos.
2, 3, 5.

Kalchbrenner, C. On Omphalophallus in “ Flora,” No. 6,
1883.

Nylander, W. Addenda nova ad Lichenographiam Europaeum
in “ Flora,” No. 7, 1883.

Reinsch, P. F. Ueber-ahnliche in der Carbonkohle Central
Russlands, in “ Flora,” No. 8, 1883.

Nylander, W., and Crombie, J. M. Lichens of Eastern Asia
(Maingay), “ Journ. Linn. Soc.” xx, p. 48.

Crombie, J. M. Addition to Lichens of Challenger Expedition,
“ Journ. Linn. Soc.” xx, p. 82.

Rehm, Dr. H. Ascomycetes Lojkani in Hungary, Transsyl-
vania, et Galicia.

Rehm, Dr. H. Ascomyceten, fasc xiii, xiv.

Cooke, M. C. On Sphaerella and its Allies in “ Journal of
Botany,” March, April, May, 1883.

Winter, G. Fungi nonnuli novi in “ Hedwigia,” Jan., 1883.

Winter, Dr. G. Fungi Europaei extra-europaei (Rabenhorst),
Cents 28, 29.

Karsten, Dr. P. A. Fragmenta Mycologica in “Hedwigia,”
Nos. 2, 3, 1883.

Winter, Dr. G. Ueber Harhiessia in “ Hedwigia,” No. 2,
1883.

Rehm, Dr. H. Diagnosen der Ascomyceten, fasc xiv, in “ Hed-
wigia,” No. 3, 1883.

Wolle, F. Fresh Water Algae, vii. in “Bulletin Torrey. Bot.
Club.,” Feb., 1883.

Tuccermann, E. New Western Lichens, in “ Bull. Torrey. Bot.
Club.” Feb., 1883.

Crisp, F., and others. Summary of Cryptogamic Literature, in
“ Journ. Roy. Micr. Soc.,” April, 1883.

Berkeley, Rev. M. J., and Broome, C. E. Fungi from Bris-
bane, part ii, in “ Trans. Linn. Soc.,” new ser. vol. ii, pt. 3.

Saggio. Di una Bibliografia Algologica Italiana. Memoria
di Y. Cesati, “ Trans. Acad. Reale d. Napoli,” 1882.

Comes, 0. Commemorazione del Prof. Vincenzo Cesati.

Cooke, M. C. Illustrations of British Fungi, parts xv, xvi.

Carrington, Dr. B., and Pearson, W. H. Hepaticae Britan-
nicae exsiccatae, fasc. iii.

Holmes, E. M. Algae Britannicae Rariores Exsiccata?, fasc. i.

INDEX,

Algae, Britannicae Rariores Exsiccatae...

PAGE.

142

Algae, Fresh Water

75

Algae, new British Marine

140

Australian Fungi

28, 57, 97, 145

Berkeley, M. J., Three Indian Fungi ...

...

39

British Fresh Water Algae

38

British Hypornyces, Monograph of

1, 58

British Moss Flora

74

Cladoniei, enumeration of British

111

Coming Fungus Forays...

...

16

Cooke, M. C., Asiatic Fungi

76

Cooke, M. C., Australian Fungi

28, 57, 97, 145

Cooke, M. C., Classification of the Uredines

151

Cooke, M. C., Fungi of Socotra

39

Cooke, M. C., Hypoxylon, and allies ...

121

Cooke, M. C., New British Fungi

10, 69, 153

Cooke, M. C., North American Fungi ...

106

Cooke, M. C., Xylaria and its allies ...

81

Crombie, J. M., British Cladoniei

111

Cryptogamic Literature

...

...

40, 79, 119, 156

Cryptosphaeria millepunctata ...

76

Dothidea, from Lake Nyassa ...

96

Enumeration of British Cladoniei

111

Fungi, Asiatic

76

Fungi, Australian

28, 57, 97, 145

Fungi, Macowaniani

18

Fungi, New British

10, 69, 155

Fungi, North American...

...

106

Fungi of Socotra

39

Fungi, South African ...

18

Fungi, three new Indian

39

Fungus Forays ...

... 16,72

Holmes, E. M., Algae Exsiccatae

142

Holmes, ih M., New Marine Algae

140

Heteroecism of the Uredines

8, 52

Hypornyces, British, Monograph of . . .

1,58

Hypoxylon, and its allies

121

Illustrations of British F ungi ...

... 79, 153

Kalchbrenner, C., Fungi Macowaniani...

18

Lecanora smaragdula ...

78

Lichens, British ... ... ...

...

...

... 111,78

11

INDEX.

Micro-fungi ... ...

PAGE.

17

Mycologic Art ...

144

Mycologic Flora of Belgium ...

74

New British Fungi

10,69,155

Notes on Vaucheria

104

Perisporiaceae of Sacoardo

35

Plowright, C. B., Classification of tbe Uredines

116

Plowright, C. B., Heteroecism of the Uredines

8, 52

Plowright, C. B., Monograph of British Hypomyces...

1, 58

Saccardo, Sylloge Fungorum ..

34,66,81
75

Some Fresh Water Algae

Sylloge Fungorum

34

Three Asiatic Fungi

76

Uredines, Classification of

116, 151

Uredines, Heteroecism of

8, 52,

Vaucheria, Notes on

104

Xylaria, and its allies ...

81