HARVARD UNIVERSITY FARLOW REFERENCE LIBRARY CRYPTOGAMIC BOTANY Received REJECTED FROM &&BOT13CIENCE LIBRARY Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2015 https://archive.org/details/grevillea1918unse (Srpitlp, A QUARTERLY RECORD OF CRYPTOGAMIC BOTANY AND ITS LITERATURE. Edited by M. C. COOKE, M.A., A.L.S., Author of “ Handbook of British Fungi,” “Illustrations of British Fungi,” “ Fungi, their uses,” #c., “ Rust , Smut, Mildew, and Mould,” “ British Fresh Water Algce,” “ British Besmids,” tfc., c fc. YOL. XIX. 18 9 0-9 1. ti- lt WILLIAMS and NORGATE, HENRIETTA STREET, COYENT GARDEN, LONDON ; SOUTH FREDERICK STREET, EDINBURGH. LEIPZIG! F. A. BROCKHAUS. NEW YORK: WESTERMANN & CO. NO V 2 2 1995 <587 N/. J9 c. a F-arlow Reference Library South Counties Press Limited, ®«U ®IAVftAI No. 89- September, 1890. (Snprtllp. A QUARTERLY RECORD OF CRYPTOGAMIC BOTANY AND ITS LITERATURE. NEW ZEALAND FUNGI. By M. C. Cooke. Agaricus (Volvaria) primulinus, CJce. 8f Mass. Pileo carnoso, molli, e campanulato expanso (2 unc. lat.) innato- fibrilloso, subviscoso, disco purpureo, margine citrino, stipite farcto, deorsum leniter incrassato (2-3 unc. long), citrino, glabro ; volva adnata, margine libero, ochraceo, lamellis liberis, ventricosis, pal- lido citrinis, sporis ellipticis, glabris, carneis (10 x 6 fi). On the ground. New Zealand. ( Berggren 136.) Agaricus (Naucoria) aurora, Clce. S( Mass. Pileo carnosulo, e campanulato convexo, obtuse umbonato, aureo, glabro (1-1J unc. lat.), stipite subcavo, cylindrico, glabro, sequali, subflexuoso (3 unc. long, 3 lin. crass), pallidiore ; lamellis subliberis, postice rotundatis, latis, cinnamomeis, sporis 7-8 x 4 /x. On the ground. New Zealand. (Berggren 134.) Gregarious. Agaricus (Naucoria) galanthinus, CJce. Mass. Pileo tenui, carnosulo, campanulato, vix uncialis, obtuse um- bonato, lasvi, albido, margin incurvo, plicato, sublobato ; stipite tenui, cylindrico (2-3 unc. long, 2 lin. crass), fistuloso, glabro, albo, lamellis adnexis, subconfertis, cinnamomeis. Sporis ellipticis, 12-6 /x. On the ground. New Zealand. ( Berggren 142.) Allied to Agaricus nasutus , Kalch. Agaricus (Stropharia) lepiotseformis, CJce. Mass. Pileo carnoso, campanulato, obtuse umbonato (2-3 unc. diam.), albido- ochraceo, squamis innatis ornato, margine tenui, floccu- loso ; stipite cavo, asquali, albido, glabro (3 in. long § unc. crass), annulo tenui, fugaci, lamellis rotundato-adnatis, antice attenuatis, subconfertis, brunneo-fuscis. Sporis amygdaloideis, 8-10 x 5 /x. On the ground. New Zealand. (Berggren 39.) Folyporus (Hispidi) setiger, CJce. Pileo dimidiato vel reniformi, carnoso, molli, strigoso, cervino (1-2 unc. diam.), intus fibroso, candido ; hymenio albo, leniter concavo, margine acuto. Tubulis elongatis. Poris minutis, sub- rotundis, dissepimentis tenuissimis. On rotten logs. New Zealand. (Colenso 517.) 1 NEW ZEALAND FUNGI. 2 Polyporus (Hispidi) atxostxigosus, Cke. Pileo dimidiato, carnoso, postice effuso, olivaceo -fuligineo ; pilis strigosis adpressis virgato, margine acuto, contextu albo, tubulis elongatis, poris albis, minutis, rotundatis, dissepimentis tenuibus. On stumps, etc. New Zealand. ( Colenso 522.) With somewhat the appearance of a Polystictus, but anodermeous. Pileus 1-2 inches or more diam., half an inch thick behind. Cxatexellus insignis, Cke. Erectus, csespitosus ; pileo flabelliformi, alutaceo (ad 1 unc. lato), margine lobato-crenulato, striato, stipite gracili (-|-1 unc. long), concolori, sursum in pileo expanso, deorsum attenuato. Hymenio ceraceo, rugoso, obscuriori. Sporis ovalibus, 2-8 x 1| /x, fusco- hyalinis. On decayed stump. New Zealand. ( Colenso 518.) Clavaxia humilis, Cke. Gregaria, pusilla, alba, simplex, vel parce ramoso-incisa, laevis, nuda, glabro, stipite brevi, vix distincte, infra attenuato. On rotten wood amongst moss. Maingaroa. New Zealand. ( Berggren 898). About half an inch high. Pistillina stilhoidea, Cooke. Crinula stilboidea, Cooke in Kerb Keiv. Erumpens, minuta, carnosa, gregaria, tota pallide ochracea. Clavulis erectis, capitatis (vix mm. ait.), glaberrimis capitulo globoso-depresso, cavo, hymeniifero (£-1 mm. diam.) Stipite cylindrico, aequali, solido, pruinoso (1^ mm. long.), ad basim cupulato-volvato ; basidiis cylindrico-clavulatis, hyalinis, sporis ovatis, hyalinis, 4 x 8 /a. On leaves of Panax. New Zealand. ( Berggren 275, Colenso 423.) It scarcely seems to differ from Clavaria in structure, but the hollow globose heads and cupulate base of the stem appear to separate it from that genus. To this genus the following must also be referred : — Pistillina paxadoxa, B. C. Crinula paradoxa, B. & C. in Eav. Fungi Car. Exs iii., 35. Eav. Fungi Amer. No. 399. Thuemen Myc. Uuiv. 208. Ellis N.A. Fungi No. 23. On living leaves of Quercus. United States. Uxomyces azoxellae, Cke. Soris plerumque elongatis, bullatisque, in petiolis, in foliisque rarioribus, fuscis, pulverulentis. Teleutosporis ovatis, laevibus, breviter pedicellatis, episporio ad apicem incrassato, 12x8 /x. On leaves and petioles of Pozoa trifoliata. New Zealand. (Colenso 866.) Puccinia Copxosmae, Cke. Hypophyllis. Maculis orbicularibus (1 c.m.) fuscis. Soris con- gestis, convexis, umbrinis, compactis. Teleutosporis ellipticis, NEW ZEALAND FUNGI. 3 compressis, difformibusque, constrictis, cellulis inferioribus elongatis, hyalino-fuscis, pedicellis abbreviatis (028-03x01 mm.). On leaves of Coprosma lucida , Stewart Island. New Zealand. (Kirk 138.) Uredo compositarum, var. Celmisiae. Spores pale, verruculose, 26-30 x 22 p. On leaves of Gehnisia longiflora. New Zealand. (Golenso 777.) Uredo Acaciae, CJce. Soris bullatis, plerumque caulicolis, fuscis, elongatis, difformibus. Uredosporis subglobosis, levibus, circa 18 p diam., pedicellis hyalinis diffluentibus suffultis. On living young twigs of Acacia. New Zealand. ( Golenso 1050.) Didymosphaerella filicina, CJce. Sparsa, tecta. Peritheciis globosis, atris, minutis, ostiolis papillatis ; ascis cylindraceis. Sporidiis uniseriatis, ovalibus, medio septatis, nec constrictis, fuscis, 8x5 p. On Pteris stems. New Zealand. ( Golenso 307.) Laestadia hepaticarum, CJce. Peritheciis minutis, demum semiemersis, atris, subglobosis, poro pertusis. Ascis pyriformibus, octosporis. Sporidiis ellipticis, hyalino-fuscis, continuis, 5x3 p. On Hepaticce. New Zealand. ( Colenso 807.) Sphaerella Junciginea, CJce. Peritheciis in maculis orbicularibus gregariis atris, parenchymate immersis, in acervulos elongatos phyllachoriformes, epidermide nigrificata velatos, plerumque subparallele aggregatis, spheroideis, demum rima longitudinaliter exposita. Ascis cylindraceis, octo- sporis, sporidiis subfusiformibus, didymis, medio vix constrictis, rectis curvulisve, luteo-hyalinis (*012-*014 x ‘OOS-’OOSS mm.). On culms of Juncus vaginatus. Stewart Island, New Zealand. (Kirk 207.) Closely allied to Spli. phyllachoroides, Sacc., but forming definite spots. Fhoma Coleusoi, Cke. Peritheciis per corticem erumpentibus, gregariis vel sparsis, sub- globosis, atris, sporulis ovalibus, continuis, hyalinis, 3x2 p. On twigs of poplar. New Zealand. (Colenso 286.) Astezomella myriadea, Cke. Peritheciis minutissimis, numerosis, hypophyllis, maculam obscuram efficientibus, dense gregariis, globosis, emersis, atris. Sporulis cylindraceis, utrinque rotundatis, rectis vel paullum, curvulis, 12 x 2-3 p , hyalinis. On coriaceous leaves. New Zealand. (Colenso 432.) Sphaeronema Solandri, Cooke. Peritheciis gregariis, cylindricis, subtruncatis, atris, laevibus ; sporulis ovatis, hyalinis, 3-5x2 p,. On wood of Fagus Solandri. New Zealand. (Kirk 32.) 4 NEW ZEALAND FUNGI. Coniothecium subglobosum, Cke. Epiphyllum, gregariam vel sparsum, punctiforme, nigrum. Pustulis applanatis, planis, sine peritheciis, epidermide nigrofacta tectis. Sporis subglobosis (-008-'01 mm. diam.) ; obscure septatis, opacis, atro brunneis, asperulis. On leaves of monocotyledonous plant growing in “ Tara ” swamps. Roritonga. Chaetoxnella eucrypta. Cke. Sf Mass. Peritheciis immersis, demum erumpentibus, membranaceis, olivaceis, saepe subcupularibus, setosis ; setis paucis, strictis, sep- tatis; sporulis amygdaloideis, atro-olivaceis, 16 x 10 /x, plerumque ad basim hyalino-apiculatis. On dead leaves of Knightia excelsa. New Zealand. ( Colenso 864-1043.) Sphaexonemella filicina, Cke. Mass . Peritheciis cylindricis (1 mm. long) carneis, apicem perforatis, superficialibus, sparsis. Sporulis continuis, ovalibus, hyalinis, 3x2 /x. On Hymenophyllum. New Zealand. ( Colenso 786.) Camaxospoxium pusillum, Cke. Sparsa. Peritheciis punctiformibus, minutis, membranaceis, epidermide tectis, sporulis ellipticis, irregularibus, utrinque obtusis, 4-5 septatis, cellulo uno alterove longitudinaliter divisis, fuscis, 20-30x8 fx. On stems and receptacles of Mesembryanthemum. New Zealand. ( Colenso 291.) Cexcospoxa axistoteliae, Cke. Hypophyllis. Maculis brunneis, suborbicularibus, roseo-cinctis. Hyphis fasciculatis, brevibus, fasciculatis, conidiis cylindraceis, ad apicem subattenuatis, 60-70 n long, 3-4 fx lat. ; multi-nucleatis, spurieque septulatis, hyalinis. On leaves of Aristotelia racemosa. New Zealand. (Colenso 857.) Fusaxium elongatum, Cke. Sporodochiis erumpentibus, carnosis, convexis, compactis, aurantio-rubellis. Hyphis tenuibus, ramulosis, stipatis, conidiis in ramulorum apice insidentibus, tenuis, elongatis, fusiformibus, paullum curvatis, acutis 5 -7 septatis, hyalinis 60-70, saepe 80 /x long, 2-3 /x crass. On twigs. New Zealand. ( Colenso 538.) Fusaxium caxneo-xoseum, Cke. Erumpens, tuberculaeforme, carneo-roseum. Sporis fusiformibus, curvulis, hyalinis, 3-5 septatis, pallide roseotinctis (,045-*05 x/005, mm.) On bark. New Zealand. (Kirk 143.) Probably the conidia of Nectria otagensis , Curr. AUSTKALIAN FUNGI. By M. C. Cooke. Agaxicus (Entoloma) galbineus, Clce. fy Mass. Totus sulfureus, pileo leviter carnoso, e convexo expanso, late umbonato (1-2 unc. lat), sulfureo, umbone croceo, udo, glabro; stipite asquali, fibrilloso, concolori, fistuloso (2 unc. long, 2-3 lin. crass.), lamellis leviter adnexis, ventricosis, pallidis, sporis roseis, globoso-angulatis, 10 /x diam. On the ground. Walhalla. ( Tisdall 48.) Agaxicus (Leptonia) quinquecolox, Clce. Sf Mass. Pileo membranaceo, convexo, glabro, subvirgato, margine flavido, disco lateritio-fusco, striis roseo-tinctis (subuncialis), stipite cylindrico, aequali, vel leniter sursum attenuato, fistuloso, badio, deorsum alboflocculoso (circa 2 unc. long 1 lin. crass.), plerumque csespitoso, lamellis sinuato adnatis, roseis, sporis globosis, asperulis, 8-10 /x. On black loam. Walhalla. [Tisdall 54.) Asteromella Acaciae, Clce. Peritheciis numerosissimis, maculam atram efficientibus, dense congestis, minutis (vix 25 /x excedentibus) atris, membranaceis, poro pertusis. Sporulis arcte ellipticis, continuis, hyalinis, rectis, H X 1 /x. On phyllodes of Acacia. Wedderburn. ( Martin 506.) Septoxia Maxtinii, Clce. Maculis epiphyllis, griseis, confluentibus, atrocinctis; peritheciis punctiformibus,globoso-depressis, membranaceis, pertusis. Sporulis cylindraceis, curvulis vel flexuosis, 20-40 x 3 /x, multo-guttulatis demum 3-5 septatis, hyalinis. On leaves of Senecio Bedfordii. Victoria. [Mrs. Martin 461.) Allied to S. anaxcea, Sacc. Jffyalocexos dilophospoxa, Coolce. Epiphyllis. Acervulis gregariis, minutis, fuscis, erumpentibus, convexis subangulatis, centro irregulariter fissurato, stromate sub- mucoso; conidiis elongatis, subfusoideis, 25 x 4 /x, leniter curvatis triseptatis, ad septa non constrictis pallide fuscis, utrinque setis binis divergentibus, hyalinis, ornatis. On dead leaves of Leptospermum scoparium. Port Philip. [C. French, jun.) This species would constitute a subsection of the genus, having two setas at each end of the spore, instead of one. 6 SOME AFKICA.N FUNGI. By M. C. Cooke. Agaricus (Crepidotus) Inandae, CooJce. Pileo carnosulo, molli, laterali, reniformi, sessili, villoso, ochraceo, siccitate fusco, mycelio amplo flavide-pallidove intertexto, lamellis latis, vix confertis, cinnamomeis. Sporis subglobosis (-004 mm. diam.) On bark. Inanda, Natal. (J. M. Wood 680). Pileus half-an-inch to an inch broad, sessile, reniform, villose, especially behind, with flexuous tawny hairs ; mycelium yellowish or pallid, sometimes interwoven into a byssoid stroma. JEcidium Tylophorae, Cooke. Epiphyllum et caulicolum. Maculis purpureis, orbicularibus, vel in caulam effusis. Pseudo-peridiis semi-immersis, margine albo, lacerato. Sporis subglobosis, aurantiis. On Tylophora. Natal. ( Wood 694). When on the stems twisting and contorting them considerably. Uredo Balsamodendri, Coolce. Hypophylla. Maculis indeterminatis, brunneis, soris sparsis, minutis, fuscis, pulverulentibus ; uredosporis ellipticis, plerumque apicem versus granulato-verrucosis, fuscis, 35 x 18 p. On leaves of Balsamera. Durban, (J. M. Wood 689). Uredo cryptolepidis, Cooke. Hypophylla. Maculis obsoletis, soris minimis, pallide fuscis, 5-10 aggregatis, mox epidermide fissa cinctis; uredo-sporis globosis, asperulis, pallidis, 18 p diam. On leaves of Cryptolepis . Inanda. ( J . M. Wood 672.) Uromyces anomathecae, Cooke. Amphigena. iSoris subtransversalis ellipticis, brunneis, com- pactis, minutis, teleutosporis pyriformibus, vel subtriangularis, apice incrassatis,^ badio-fuscis, deorsum pallidioribus, breviter stipitatis, episporio lsevi, 25 x 25 p. On Anomatheca cruenta. Natal. (J. M. Wood 693.) Fassalora protearum, Kalch Sf Cooke MSS. Epiphylla. Maculis irregularibus, sordidis. Hypliis fasciculatis, brevibus, conidiis subfusoideis, acrogenis, uniseptatis, loculo superiori crassioribus, pallidis, 35-40 x 7 /x. On leaves of Protea argentea. Cape of Good Hope. Stilbum physarioides, Kalch , Sace. Syll. No. 2731. Stipitibus sparsis, vitellinis, brevibus, deorsum incrassatis ; capitulo subgloboso, laxo, albido ; hyphis furcatis, vel breviter ramulosis. Conidiis ellipticis, hyalinis, 4-5 x 2 p. On herb stems. Cape of Good Hope. SOME ASIATIC FUNGI. 7 Leptosphaerella Helichzysi, Cooke. Hypophylla, superficialis. Peritheciis subglobosis, opacis, atris, in tomento nidulantibus, ostiolo impresso, pertuso. Ascis clavatis. Sporidiis congestis, sublanceolatis, triseptatis, rectis, curvulisve, fuligineis ('05-*055 x ‘008 mm.) On under surface of leaves of Helichrvsum. Natal, (Wood 683.) SOME ASIATIC FUNGI. By M. C. Cooke. Agazicus (Hebeloma) Thomaslnus, Cooke. Pileo carnoso, subviscido, convexo, expanso, obtuso (6-8. in diam.), ochraceo-fusco, margine tenui, lacerato. Stipite crasso, rnguloso, deorsum incrassato (5-6 in. long, 1^ in. crass.), cum pileo concolore ; lamellis lanceolatis, postice attenuatis, latis, vix con- fertis, pallidis, demum umbrinis. Growing in a cactus-bedge. Belgaum, India. ( Mrs . Patteshall Thomas.') Agazicus (Stzophazia) mephistopheles, Cooke. Pileo carnoso, companulato-convexo, late umbonato (1J-2 in. diam.), igneo-rubro, verrucis deciduis concoloribus adsperso, margine appendiculato, annulo superiori, patente ; stipite tenui, cum pilei concolore, sub-glabro (2-3 in. long, 2-3 lines thick) ; lamellis lanceolatis, affixis, subconfertis, umbrino-nigricantibus. On the ground. Belgaum, India. ( Gen . Hobson, No. 11-14.) Allied to A. aureo-fulva, B., but differing in habit and habitat. Fhyllachoza japonica, Cke. <$• Mass. Erumpens, oblonga vel confluens (1-2 mm. diam.), grisea, con- vexo-applanata, tenuis ; cellulis minutis immersis, nec prominulis. Ascis cylindraceis sporidiis uniserialibus, ellipticis, continuis, hyalinis, 7-8 X 4 /a. On stems of Vaccinium Japonica. Patung District, China. (Z)r. A. Henry.) Bearing a general resemblance externally to Botryosphceria dothidea. Sacidium depazeoides, Cooke. Peritheciis in maculas suborbicularibus vel confluentibus, ochraceis, insidentibus, membranaceis, demum sursum dissilientibus, feporulis globosis, subglobosisve, hyalinis, 12 p diam. On leaves of Aspidopteris caudata , India. 8 NEW BRITISH FUNGI. By M. C. Cooke. {Continued from Vol. xvm .,p. 74.) Pleospora junciginea, Cooke. Peritliecia scattered, erumpent, globose, black, papillate, at length cracking, and throwing off fragments of the cuticle. Asci cylindrical, octosporous. Sporidia uniseriate, elliptical, constricted at the middle, 5-septate, and muriform, amber yellow, 25-30 X 10-12 p. On Juncus. North Wootton; also California (Harkness, No. 1301). Pleospora sparganiae, Cke. Peritliecia scattered, immersed in the parenchyma, covered by the cuticle, rather small, globose, minutely papillate. Asci clavate. Sporidia biseriate, lanceolate, 3-4 septate, constricted, median cell longitudinally divided, yellowish-brown, 30x8 /a. On Sparganum. North Wootton 19. Phyllosticta Draconis, Berk. 8f Welw. Crypt. Lusit., Sacc. Syll. No. 334. Spots on both surfaces, irregular, pallid, with a purple margin. Perithecia minute, pale, very thinly membranaceous, seated on the spots, but scarcely visible to the naked eye. Sporules minute, elliptical, continuous (7x3 /a), on very short basidia. On leaves of Draccena terminalis , and D. Cooperi in conserva- tories. Diplodia acerina, Cke. Sf Mass. {cum. Leptorrhaphis acerina Behm. Asco, No. 197). Peritheciis tectis, subsparsis, globuloso papillatis, atris, vix conspicuis. Sporulis constricto-didymis, brunneis, utrinque rotundatis, 17*9 /a. On Acer campestris bark. Germany ; Britain. Xsariopsis acanthac earum, Cooke. Hypophyllous. Forming minute, somewhat compact, semi- orbicular tufts, which are at first pale cinereous, becoming fuli- ginous, or nearly black. Hyphse slender, septate, flexuous, inter- woven, brown. Conidia fusiform, triseptate, hyaline (,02-,022 x •005 mm.). On leaves of Eranthemum. Bristol (Dewar). On leaves of Dcedalacanthus nervosus. Exeter (E. Parfitt). Glceosporium mezereum, Cooke. Epiphytal. Pustules gregarious, small, brown, with a paler centre, sometimes confluent ; sporules elliptical, or nearly almond- shaped, with 1-2 or more guttules (15 x 6 /a), continuous, hyaline, at first with very short sporophores. On fading leaves of Daphne mezereum. Kew Gardens. INTRODUCTION TO FRESH WATER ALGM. An unpretending little volume, under this title, has lately been published in the 44 International Scientific Series,” and it is the first time that a handy manual of Fresh Water Algse has been published, with descriptions of all the British species, and figures of the genera, at the reasonable price of five shillings. It will surprise some of our readers that the 44 Journal of Botany ” could have admitted to its pages such a violent panegyric as we hereby re-print for their edification. “ The author of this book deserves the highest credit for his good intentions. To furnish the public with a book of handy size con- taining descriptions of the British Fresh Water Algse, and figures of all the genera, with an introduction to their study— all this at a reasonable price — is an aim of the most worthy kind. The plan of the book and the idea of producing it are most creditable to Mr. Cooke, but he should have induced someone else to carry the matter into effect. 44 Soon after the publication of Cooke’s 4 British Fresh Water Alga?,’ it was shown by Dr. Nordstedt in these pages (4 Journ. Bot.,’ 1887, 355), and by other writers elsewhere, that Mr. Cooke’s claims to illustrate this subject are of the most slender character.* Mr. Cooke’s methods of book production were then laid bare, and the character of many of his figures was properly described by the most eminent living authority on this subject. It is, of course, impossible for us to know whether Mr. Cooke took that lesson to heart, and has prepared the present volume as some sort of apology for his more ambitious work, or whether he remains 4 of the same opinion still.’ Judging from the book before us, the latter view is much the more likely one. In the Introduction, p. 6, Mr. Cooke says : — 4 The historical review may be briefly summarized by dividing it into three epochs, of about forty years’ duration for each, the first being limited by the publication of Dillwyn’s “ Con- fervae,” the second by Hassall’s 44 Fresh Water Algae,” and the third by Cooke’s 44 British Fresh Water Algae.’” Here is an author who refers to his own book as an epoch-making one ! and such a book ! Phycologists live in perilous times when Cooke’s 4 British Fresh Water Algae ’ marks an epoch. 44 Those who know Mr. Cooke’s numerous and varied writings are familiar with his refreshing habit of speaking out the faith that is in him without deference to authority, and with hard words for those who may excite his wrath. His chapter on 4 Classification’ in this book contains a scathing reference to Mr. A. W. Bennett’s classification of Algse, and his chapter on what is here called the 4 Dual Hypothesis * is to be noted for its outspoken language. Mr. Cooke must be aware that in this matter he lives in a very * This is a misrepresentation, as the communication quoted does not allude to “ British Fresh Water Algse ” at all, but to a subsequent work. 2 10 INTRODUCTION TO FRESH WATER ALGiE. Crystal Palace of glass, and no doubt he is prepared for sportsmen who may be inclined to return his fire. Let us look at this chapter on the ‘ Dual Hypothesis,’ not that there is anything dual about the hypothesis, but only about the subjects of it. Most reasonable people have spontaneously remarked that in the controversy, while it lasted, on the subject of the dual nature of lichens, the systematic lichenologists were ranged on one side, and the morphologists pitched over against (and into) them. It, was further noted that the question was really one for morphologists to settle, and they settled it. To treat the controversy, with Mr. Cooke, as still active would be absurd. One might as well describe the battle of Balaclava as still in progress because survivors happily remain with us. The question was settled, and it was not decided in favour of the systematists, headed by Nylander. Mr. Cooke, how- ever, digs up the hatchet, and goes for de Bary, Schwendener, and the rest, just as if there were some novelty left in his proceedings. He fortifies himself with the following inspiring sentence written by ‘ Dr. Nylander, the prince of lichenologists’ : — ‘ I have adduced that the gonidia and gonimia of lichens constitute a normal organic system necessary, and of the greatest physiological importance, so that around them we behold the growing (or vegetative) life chiefly promoted and active.’ Mr. Cooke quotes this sentence with special approval, and if he can understand it, no doubt he is entitled to use it. For our own part it appears to us that the man who could write a sentence like that is very unlikely to take a lucid view of anything. “ It is difficult to take seriously the work of any man on Fresh Water Alga? who describes, in this year of grace lb90, the symbiosis of lichens as a ‘hallucination’ (p. 183). It may be well enough — it is intelligible at any rate — that men like Nylander, Krempel- huber, and others, cited by Mr. Cooke, who have more or less con- fined their studies to systematic lichenology (a branch of study differing remotely from systematic botany in its extraordinary and absurd methods), — it is well enough that these men should cling to their ancient faith, but when an author presents to the public a book which professes to teach the form and structure of Fresh W ater Algae, it might surely be expected that he should leave this matter alone or take a reasonable view of it. Let him point to distinguished authorities on Fresh Water Algae who fail to recognize these among the ‘ gonidia ’ of lichens ! If Mr. Cooke expects an attentive hearing on this matter let him not proclaim his own ignorance. “The first 190 pages of this book are of an introductory cha- racter. The chapters are on such subjects as collection and preservation, cell-increase, polymorphism, asexual and sexual reproduction, conjugation, pairing of zoospores, alternation of generations, spore germination, spontaneous movements, notable phenomena (such as the ‘ breaking of the meres,’ Red Snow, Gory Dew, Blood Rain), the dual hypothesis and classification. Over the ground covered by this list of subjects, there is, indeed, wanted INTRODUCTION TO B’RESH WATER ALG2E. 11 a good trustworthy popular guide, though the literature is easily enough got at by students. Mr. Cooke would have been the better for such a guide. His knowledge of the literature as dis- played here is certainly scanty and by no means recent. To point out this inadequacy of treatment in anything like detail would be labour spent in vain. “After this introductory portion we have the systematic portion, consisting of short descriptions of the British Fresh Water Algas and at the end the figures ot the genera. This is better. It might be objected to the descriptions that they are short — so they are, but on the whole they are judiciously shortened ; and considering the author’s previous work on this subject, there is reason for some satisfaction with this portion of the book. The author contents himself with these descriptions and a reference to his own larger book, and steers clear of the pitfalls of synonymy. As for the plates, they are mostly outline figures redrawn on stone from Cooke’s larger book and other sources. It may be that there is somewhere in this book an acknowledgment of the original sources of some of these figures, but we have not yet found the place. However, l)r. Nordstedt has already so fully shown what Mr. Cooke can do in this way on a larger scale that there is no special need to deal with the matter. These figures of the genera and the page giving their names constitute the really useful part of this book. It cannot be claimed for it that it embodies the work ol an original worker in this field, or of a man who has an extensive, practical first-hand knowledge of the subject, but so far as the latter part (containing the descriptions and figures) is concerned, it may be said of it that it is worth the price charged as a help to the beginner in naming specimens. As for guidance in the structure, life-history, and relationships of these organisms, the student need expect none of it.” — Gf. M., in Journal of Botany , August , 1890. We shall offer no remarks upon this singular effusion, which will be estimated at its true value by all with whom the “ chivalry of a gentleman ” is more than an empty phrase. Three facts may serve to illustrate the reason for its production : — (1) The writer of it was one of the authors of the “ philosophical system” which was not accepted in the Introduction (p. 188). (2) After sub- scribing to the “Journal of Botany” for fifteen years, the author of the “ Introduction ” thought fit to cease to subscribe with the current year. (J) The writer of the “review ” is attached to the botanical department of the Natural History Museum, and the author of the “Introduction” is similarly attached to the Herbarium of the Koyal Gardens at Kew. This will be sufficient to account for a great deal with all who know what genial feelings have been manifested for many years between the two establishments. Bead by the light of these facts, it will be clear that it was the author , and not the book , which was intended to be condemned. 12 BRITISH PYRENOMYCETES. By G. Massee. (Continued from p. 60.) t+t Sporidia 7 septate. P. asparagi, Rabh., Sacc. Syll. 3805. On asparagus. Not uncommon. P. allii, Rabh., Sacc. Syll. 3806. On Allium cepa. Twycross. P. heleocharidis, K ., Sacc. Syll. 3817. On Eleocharis palustris. Lynn. P. subriparia, Cke., Sacc. Syll. 3818. On Carex riparia. N. Wootton. Gen. 9. PYEENOPHORA, Fr. Perithecia setulose, sporidia muriform. A. Eupyrenophora. Perithecia sclerotifonn. P. trichostoma, Fr., Sacc. Syll. 3842, On stems of various grasses. King’s Lynn. P. pbeeocomes, Reb., Sacc. Syll. 3843 ; Hdbk. 2785. On dead leaves of grasses. Highgate, Shere, Glamis. B. Chjetoplea. Perithecia between leathery and membranaceous. P. calvescens, Fr., Sacc. Syll. 3845 ; Hdbk. 2723. On Atriplex. Kentish Town ; Lynn ; Hasbro’. P. phasocomoides, Sacc., Sacc. Syll. 3848. = phceocomes, B. & Br. p. p. On dead vine branches. King’s Cliffe. C. Capronia, Sacc. Asci 16 spored. P. sexdecemspora, Cke., Sacc. Syll. 3872. On dead branches. Shere. Fam. 16. FOLIICOL^E, Fr., S. M. ii., 513. Perithecia innate, chiefly on leaves. Gen. 1. Xi JEST ADZ A. Sporidia continuous, hyaline. * Genuina. Asci without paraphyses. L. punctoidea, Cke., Sacc. Syll. 1592 ; Hdbk. 2751. On the upper surface of oak leaves. Jedburgh; Shere. L. Cookeana, Awd., Sacc. Syll. 1596; Hdbk. 2750. On dead leaves. Common. BRITISH PYRENOMYCETES. 13 L. veneta, S. & Sp ., Sacc. Syll. 1600. On Platanus leaves. Kew. L. acerifera, Cke ., Sacc. Syll. 1604; Hdbk. 2755. On dead leaves of Acer campestris. Shere ; Darenth. L. faginea, Cke. PL , Sacc. Syll. 6001. On leaves of Fagus sylvatica. Lynn. L. bnxi, Fckl., Sacc. Syll. 6003 ; Hdbk. 2775. On dead box leaves. Milton. L. perpusilla, Desm., Sacc. Syll. 1608. On leaves of grasses, Typha, &c. N. Wootton. L. rhytismoides, Berk., Sacc. Syll. 1611 ; Hdbk. 2801. On leaves of Dryas. Sutherlandshire. L. carpinea, Fr., Sacc. Syll. 1619 ; Hdbk. 2756. On dead hornbeam leaves. Common. L. rhodorae, Cke., Sacc. Syll. 6378. On Rhododendron. Kew. L. iridis, Cke. in Grevillea. On Iris. Kew. ## Physalospora. With paraphyses . P. ilicis, Schl., Sacc. Syll. 6390. On dead holly leaves. Apethorpe. Gen. 2. SPH JERELL A . Sporidia uniseptate, hyaline, A. On Dicotyledons. * On leaves of trees and shrubs. S. punctiformis, Pers.,Sacc. Syll. 1819 ; Hdbk. 2750. On dead leaves. Common. S. maculiformis, Pers ., Sacc. Syll. 1820; Hdbk. 2742. On fallen leaves. Common. S. oblivia, Cke., Sacc. Syll. 1822 ; Hdbk. 2746. On the undersurface of dead chestnut leaves. Darenth Wood, Kent. S. simulans, Cke., Sacc. Syll. 1826 ; Hdbk. 2748. On dead oak leaves. Highgate. S. taxi, Cke., Sacc. Syll. 1836. On leaves of Taxus baccata. Cornwall ; Bradford Abbas. S. ligustri, Desm., Sacc. Syll. 1835; Hdbk. 2760. On dead privet leaves. Dartford, Shere. S. hedericola, Desm., Sacc. Syll. 1841. On ivy leaves. Kew. S. sentina, Fr., Sacc. Syll. 1845. On dead leaves. Audley End, Essex. S. latebrosa, Cke., Sacc. Syll. 1848 ; Hdbk. 2754. On sycamore leaves. Shere. S. fagi, Auers., Sacc . Syll. 1851. On beech leaves. 14 BRITISH PYRENOMYCETES. S. crntegi, Fckl., Sacc. Syll. 1852 ; Hdbk. 2745.. On hawthorn leaves. Shere ; Lynn. S. arcana, Cke ., Sacc. Syll. 1859 ; Hdbk. 2747. On dead leaves of Castanea vesca. Darenth. S. millegrana, Cke., Sacc. Syll. 1860; Hdbk. 2753. On fallen leaves of hornbeam and lime. Shere, Surrey. S. sparsa, Wallr ., Sacc. Syll. 1862 ; Hdbk. 2743. On leaves of lime and chestnut. Darenth, Shere, Wandsworth. S. Capronii, Sacc. Syll. 1868; Hdbk. 2744. On fallen willow leaves. Shere. S. macularis, Fr., Sacc. Syll. 1873. On fallen poplar leaves. Apethorpe. MUSCOLOGIA GALLICA, Part 9. M. Husnot has just issued the 9th part of his Muscologia Gallica, ending with page 284, and 79 plates ; it also includes 10 plates in substitution for the first 10 plates of the work, and an analytical key to the genera. We have already called attention to this work, which is proceeding contemporaneously with the British one, by Dr. Braithwaite, and we fear that we must add equally sluggishly. It has occupied six years to produce the nine parts already published, and although it was contemplated to complete it in 14 similar parts, it is somewhat doubtful if it can be contained within that number, or finished, at the present rate of progress, within another three years. It must be expected that the patience of subscribers will get exhausted when they have to wait for ten years, or more, to see the end of a work which they are most anxious should be completed, and turned to a practical use. Surely Bryologists must be exceptionally unfortunate. Let us hope that no unforeseen event will transpire to leave either of these valuable works as only a splendid fragment. NORTH AMERICAN FUNGI. By M. C. Cooke. Cyphella fumosa, Cke. Submembranacea, cyathiforma, stipitata. Cupulis gregariis sparsisve, fumosis, primo expansis, demum siccis conniventibus, nigricantibus, glabris (1-1 \ mm. diam. et. long.), sporis globosis. On rotting leaves of Gladiolus. S. Carolina. ( Rav . 3071.) Rhabdospora sabalensis Cke. Peritheciis atris, gregariis, subglobosis, innato- erumpentibus, demum subsuperficialibus, ostiolo pertuso. Sporulis elongato- fusiformibus, subcurvulis, utrinque acutis, 5 septatis, hyalinis, 50-60 X 4 /x. On petioles of Sabal. Aiken, S. Car. (Rav. 1462.) NORTH AMERICAN FUNGI. 15 Stilbum (Ciliciopodiun) aurifilum, Gerard. Sacc. Syll. 2733. Stipitibus elongatis, setulis strigosis, aureo -flavidis. Capitulo pyriformi vel clavato, albido. Conidiis minutissimis globosis, 1 vix excedentibus. On Daedalea unicolor. U.S.A. Uredo amsoniae, Cke. Hypophylla. Maculis obsoletis. Soris minutis, orbicularibus, pallidis, gregariis, primo tectis, dein lacero-erumpentibus. Uredo- sporis globosis, verruculosis, pallide flavidis, 20-22 p. On leaves of Amsonia. S. Carolina. ( Rav . 2868.) BRITISH THELEPHOREiE. The publication of Mr. G. Massee’s monograph of the Thelephoreae is proceeding rather slowly and gradually in the Journal of the Linnean Society. As some alterations are necessarily made in the nomenclature and arrangement of the British species, some indication of these corrections may be advisable, in the order of their publication. Gen. 1. CONIOPHORA (D.C.). Massee. Resupinately effused ; hymenium even, powdery ; spores coloured brownish. A. Macrospor.®. Spores large (11-25 p long). 1. Coniophora olivacea ( Fr .). Cooke Grev. vill., 89. Berk. Outl. 269. Stev. Brit. Fung. II., 283. Membranaceous, adnate, circumference fimbriate, whitish; hymenium thin, dull olive, powdery-tomentose ; spores ellipsoid, ochraceous, 14-17 x 10-12 p. On pine trunks. 2. Coniophora pulverulenta {Lev.). Cooke Grev. vill., 89. Effused, dry, ferruginous brown, circumference membranaceous, white ; hymenium powdery ; spores ellipsoid, yellow-brown, 15 x 10 p. On wood. 3. Coniophora puteana (Schum.). Cooke Grev. vni., 88. Stev. Brit. Fung. II., 281. Broadly effused, fleshy, fragile, pallid, then yellowish, at length olivaceous brown, circumference mucedinous, white ; hymenium powdery, spores tawny olive, 14-16 X 8-9 p. On bark and wood. Common. var. cellaris, Sacc. Spores olive-brown, 10-12 x 7-8 p. On bark, &c., in conservatories. 4 . Coniophora cinnamomea ( Pers .). Massee , Stev. Brit. Fung. II., 276. Effussed, confluent and irregular, adpressed, cinnamon, beneath and circumference fibrillosely strigose ; hymenium fleshy, soft, of 16 BRITISH THELEPHORE.E. the same colour, cracking when dry ; spores ellipsoid, apiculate at the base, very pale cinnamon, 12 x 8 /*. On wood and bark. 0. Coniophora umbrina {All. and Schw.) Massee. Stev. Brit. Fung. II., 282. Effused, fleshy, soft, umber, villous beneath, circumference shortly radiating, of the same colour ; hymenium tuberculose, then collapsing, powdered with ferruginous ; spores ellipsoid, apiculate at the base, pale umber, 12-14 x 8-10 ft. Effused on wood, branches, &c. 6. Coniophora incrustans. Massee Linn. Journ. Effused, thin, indeterminate ; hymenium subtomentose, pallid ; spores very pale ochre, 15-17 x 8-10 ft. (Herb. Berk.) Running over leaves and twigs. Apethorpe. 7. Coniophora arida ( Fr .). CJee. Girev, vm., 89. Stev. Brit. Fung. ii., 282. Membranaceous, effused, closely adnate, thin, margin radiately byssoid, whitish ; hymenium even, sulphur-coloured, then powdery, umber becoming rusty ; spores ellipsoid, apiculate at the base, ochraceous, 12 x 7 ft. On pine wood. 8. Coniophora sulphurea (Fr.). Massee. Coolce Handbk . No. 929. Stev. Brit. Fung. II., 276. Effused, fibrillose byssoid, bright sulphur coloured ; hymenium (when perfect) thick, tawny, waxy and soft, cracking when dry ; spores ellipsoid or subglobose, yellow-brown, 12 x 9 ft. On wood, &c. var. ochroidea, Berk. Spores ellipsoid, apiculate at the base ; olive, 16-18 x 9-10 /x. On wood and bark. 9. Coniophora subdealbata {Berk. Sf Br.). Massee. Effused, determinate ; hymenium ochraceous-olive, powdery ; spores ellipsoid, apiculate at the base, ochraceous, 12 x 8 ft. On bark. 10. Coniophora Berkeleyi, Massee , Linn. Journ. Effused, thick, determinate ; hymenium brown, at length turning purplish, cracked, interstices silky ; spores ellipsoid, apiculate at the base, tawny, 12 x 8 ft. On decorticated wood. B. Microspor,e. Spores minute (4-10 ft long). 11. Coniophora Cookel, Massee , Linn. Journ. Effused, fibrillosely membranaceous, margin byssoid, pallid ; hymenium ferruginous olive, powdery ; spores elliptic, ochraceous, 10 x 6 ft. On rotting wood. BRITISH THELEPHORE^E. 17 12. Coniophora ochracea, Massee, Linn. Journ. t. 47, /. 13. Very broadly effused, somewhat membranaceous, indeterminate ; hymenium powdery, ochraceous ; spores yellowish, subglobose, 8 x 6-7 /x. Spreading continuously over the inside of elm bark. Kew. 13. Conlophora membranacea ( B.C. ). Cooke Grev. vm., 89. Sow. Fungi t. 214. Somewhat orbicular, or effused, rather membranaceous, fragile, margin fibrillose, yellowish ; hymenium dingy ferruginous, powdery ; spores elliptical, brownish-yellow, 10-15 X 5-6 p. Forming thin patches on walls, &c. Gen. 2. PENIOPHORA. Cooke Grev. vm., 20. Resupinate effused ; hymenium setulose, setae (or cystidia) hyaline, verruculose, fusiform ; spores white, hyaline. A. Margin free , more or less re flexed. 1. Peniophora quercina (Fr.) Cooke Grev. vm., t. 125, f. 13. Between cartilaginous and membranaceous, at first adglutinate, then with the centre fixed, elsewhere separated, and at length involute, rigid, smooth beneath and turning black ; hymenium flesh colour ; cystidia fusoid, 50-70x 15-20 p. Spores oblong ellipsoid, curved, 13-15x5 p. On oak branches, etc. Common. 2. Peniophora pezizoides, Massee Mon. TJiel. p. 141, t. 47, figs. 17-19. Somewhat leathery, cup-shaped, then flattened, fixed at the centre, externally pallid villous ; hymenium ochraceous, velvety, continuous ; cystidia fusoid, but with the apex rounded, acute at the base, 50-60 x 20 /x. Spores globose, 4-5 fx. On horse-chestnut branches. Kew. s 3. Peniophora gigantea (Fries). Massee Mon. Thel. p. 142. Corticium giganteum, Handbk. 922. Stev. Br. Fung. II., 274. Very broadly effused, swelling when moist, waxy, hyaline-white, cartilaginous when dry, papery, free, milk white, margin strigose radiating ; hymenium even, continuous, velvety ; cystidia fusoid, 50-60x20-30 fx. Spores ellipsoid, 10 x 5-6 fx. On bark and wood of fir. B. Margin adpressed, often indeterminate. 4. Peniophora limitata {Mont). Cooke Grev. vm., t. 123, /. 7. Somewhat orbicular, closely adnate, grumous, indurated, smooth, lurid, becoming pale ; margin limited by a black line ; hymenium very delicately velvety ; cystidia fusoid, 30-40 x 15-20 p. Spores oblong-ellipsoid, slightly curved, apiculate at the base, 20-22 x 6 fx. On bark and wood. 18 BRITISH THELEPH0REJ2. 5. Peniophora rosea (Per.?.). Massee Mon. Thel.p. 146. Handbk. No. 926. Stevenson Brit. Fungi, n., 275. Effused, adnate, rose-colour, margin fimbriate whitish; hymenium delicately velvety, growing pale, at length corrugated and cracked; cystidia fusoid, 40-60x20-30 p. Spores oblong-ellipsoid, curved, 13-15 x 4-5 fx. On wood and bark. 6. Peniophora incarnata (Pr.). Massee Mon. Thel. p. 147. Handbk. No. 938. Stev. Br. Fungi n., 227. Somewhat waxy, adglutinate, indeterminate, margin radiating ; hymenium persistently bright coloured (red, orange), velvety with short setae; cystidia fusoid, 25-30x 15-20 p. Spores oblong- ellipsoid, curved, apiculate at the base, 20 x 5-6 p. On wood and bark. Cystidia much exserted, soon falling away, leaving the hymenium smooth. 7. Peniophora cinerea {Fries). Cooke Grev. vm., t. 123, f. 8. Handbk. No. 937. Stev. Brit. Fungi n., 279. Waxy, then becoming rigid, confluent, cinereous or lurid, margin similar ; hymenium delicately velvety, cystidia fusoid, 30-50 x 20-25 p. Spores globose, 5-7 p. On wood and bark. 8. Peniophora pubera (Fries). Massee Mon. Thel. p. 149. Stev. Brit. Fung. II., 277. Broadly effused, closely- adnate, indeterminate, white or clay- coloured ; hymenium even, velvety with short setae, cracking when dry; cystidia cylindrically fusoid, 80-120 x 15-20 p; spores oblong-ellipsoid, 10-12 x 4 p. On wood or bark. 9. Peniophora ochracea (Fries). Massee Mon. Thel.p. 150. Handbk. No. 635. Stev. Brit. Fung, n., 278. Broadly effused, margin white, somewhat radiating, soon vanish- ing; hymenium pallid ochraceous, sprinkled with scattered shining golden atoms, at length naked, when dry cracked ; cystidia fusoid, 40-50 x 20 p; spores ellipsoid, 10 x 5 p. On bark, wood, &c. 10. Peniophora scotica, Massee Mon. Thel.p. 152. Broadly effused, margin fibrillosely radiate ; hymenium cinna- mon, velvety ; cystidia somewhat cylindrical, 80-120 x 15-20 ha; spores ellipsoid, 8-10 x 6-7 p. Broadly effused over the inside of bark. Scotland. 11. Peniophora velutina (Fr). Coo1 e Grev. viu., t. 125, f. 15. Handbk. No. 927. Stev. Brit. Fung. II., 275. Broadly efiused, adnate, flesh-coloured, margin strigose with divergent straight fibres of the same colour ; hymenium even, velvety with dense setae ; cystidia cylindrically fusoid, 60-80 X 10-15 p] spores ellipsoid, apiculate at the base, 10 x 15 p. On wood and bark. When well developed of a pale cream-colour, tinged with pink ; often pallid. BRITISH THELEPHOREjE. 19 12. Peniophora rimosa, CooJce Grev. ix., 94. Broadly effused, adglutinate, indeterminate; liymenium ochraceous delicately velvety, cracking into areolae, interstices silky; cystidia fusoid, 70-100 x 15-18 p; spores oblong-ellipsoid, obtuse at each end, slightly curved, 15-17 X 6 p. On bark and wood. 13. Peniophora terrestris. Massee Grev. xv.,p. 107. Effused, very thin, cinereous, or pallid fawn colour, indeterminate; hymenium velvety ; cystidia cylindrically fusoid, 85-90 x 15-20 p\ spores ellipsoid, 10 x 6-7 p. On naked soil and dead leaves. C. Sub-Gen. SCOPULOIDES ; cystidia aggregated in fascicles. 14. Peniophora hydnoides, CooJce fy Massee Mon. Thel. 154, t. 47, figs. 15, 16. Broadly effused, thin, rather innate, indeterminate; hymenium cinereous ; cystidia cylindrically fusoid, 70-120 x 12-14 p; spores globose, 4-5 p. On bark. Carlisle. Gen. 3. HYMENOCHAETE, Lev. Pileus coriaceous, membranaceous, variable in form. Hymenium furnished with minute rigid persistent setae. Basidia tetrasporous. Spores white or olive. 1. Stipitat^]. Having a definite stem. No British species. II. Apodes. Spores white , setae acuminate. 1. Hymenochaete rubiginosa, Lev. Ann. Sci. Nat. Ser. 3, v. 121. CooJce Grev. vm., 145. Stev. Brit. Fungw., 269. Coriaceous, rigid ; pileus effused, reflexed, somewhat imbricate, velvety, reddish-brown, then becoming smooth, bay-brown, inter- mediate stratum tawny-ferruginous ; hymenium ferruginous ; setae acutely conical, or rather obtusely cylindrical, 80-100 x 5-8 p; spores ellipsoid, 5x3 p. On hard wood, posts, etc. 2. Hymenochaete avellana {Fries). CooJce Grev. vm., 146. Stev. Brit. Fung n., 270. Coriaceous, hard ; pileus effused, margin obtuse, free, narrowly reflexed, bay-brown, villous ; hymenium even, velvety or pruinate, or becoming smooth, pale ferruginous (here and there bleeding) ; set£e cylindrical, rather obtuse, 80-140 x 7-9p; spores cylin- drically ellipsoid, 6-7 x 3 p. On hazel, beech, etc. Appin. III. Resupinatae. Pileus resupinate. t Spores white , setae acuminate. 3. Hymenochaete nigrescens, CooJce in Serb. Kew. Massee. Mon. Thel. 104, t. 5, /. 5. Pilei peltate, flattened, solitary or gregarious, or confluent, rigid, margin free, a little reflexed ; hymenium setulose, brownish, turn. 20 BRITISH THELEPHORE.E. ing black ; setae conical, becoming blackish, 80-140 x 10-12 p ; spores ellipsoid, 10 x 5/x. On dry wood. Carlisle. 4. Hymenochaete Stevensoni, Berk. Sf Br. Ann. Nat. Hist. 1879, p. 211. S. rufohispidum. Stev. Brit. Fung. 269. Pallid fawn colour, rigid ; margin obtuse, elevated; setae rigid, 20-40 x 8-10 p. Spores elliptically fusoid, 6-7 x 3-4 p. On yew. Dunkeld or Glamis, N.B. 5. Hymenochaete leonina, Berlc. ft Curt. Massee , Mon. Thel. 107. Wholly resupinate, ferruginous, saffron colour ; margin tomentose; hymenium unequal, inseparable, not cracking ; setae acuminate, thick, 20-30 x 12-15 p. Spores subglobose, 6 x 5 p. On dead wood. 6. Hymenochaete fuliginosa, Lev. Grev. vm., 147. Mass. Mon. Thel. p. 109. Effused, coriaceous, compact, dark fuliginous bay-brown ; hymenium even ; setae dense, sometimes scattered, 30-50 x 6-8 /a; spores subglobose, 5 X 4 p. On wood. tt Spores olive. 7. Hymenochaete corrugata, Lev. Ann. Sci. Nat. v., 152. Stev. Brit. Fung. II., 280. Coolce Handbk. No. 918. Somewhat effused, closely adnate, soon grumous ; pallid cinna- mon ; hymenium beset with ferruginous setae, when dry much cracked; setae conical, acuminate, 70-120 p ; spores ellipsoid, olivaceous, 7-8 X 4-5 p. On bark, etc. 8. Hymenochaete croceo-ferruginea. Massee Mon. Thel. p. 110, t. 5,/. 9. Effused, broadly incrusting, very thin, ferruginous, saffron colour, becoming tawny ; hymenium very minutely setulose, cracked ; setae cylindrical, inflated at the base, 70-100 x 30-35 p ; spores subglobose, olive, 7 X 6 p. On dead stem of Rosa canina. Apethorpe. 9. Hymenochaete tabacina, Lev. Cooke Grev. vm., 145 ; Handbk. No. 917. Somewhat coriaceous, thin, flaccid ; pileus effused, reflexed, silky, at length smooth, rather ferruginous, margin and inter- mediate stratum filamentose, golden yellow ; hymenium paler, pubescent with setae, which are conical acuminate, 80-130x10-14 p ; spores ellipsoid, olive, 5-6x3 p,. On trunks, etc. ttt Setce subclavate , sometimes rough. 10. Hymenochaete crassa, Berk. Cooke Grev. vm., 148. Pileus resupinate, coriaceous, tomentose, velvety, pallid rufous, margin thick, at length free; hymenium unequal, velvety, of the BRITISH THELEPHOREAS. 21 same colour; setse conical or subclavate, sometimes rough, 70-130 X7-14 fi; spores cylindrically ellipsoid, 7-8x4 p. On trunks. Hymenochaete Boltoni ( Sacc .). Cooke Grev. VIII., 145. Has been supposed to be British, but there is no reliable evidence. MEMORABILIA. Hypoxylon Broomeianum, Berk. $ Curt. — The specimens named Hypoxylon amorphum, Ell. Ev., are typical H. Broomeianum, Berk , according to authentic specimens. Polystictus PeradenijE, B. & Br. — According to authentic specimen the Polyporus chrysoleucus , Kalchbrenner, is no other than the above species. Polystictus luteo-olivaceus, Berk. — Specimen of Polyporus placodes , Kalchbrenner, believed to be genuine is certainly the above species of Berkeley. Valsa Platani, Schwein. Syn. Amer. Bor.} 1372. — Sporidia eight, allantoid, hyaline, 10 X 2 p. From specimen communicated to M. J. Berkeley by Dr. M. A. Curtis. Fungi Scandinavici. — Mr. Lars Romell has issued his first century of dried specimens of Scandinavian Fungi, neatly got up, but unfortunately in the modern style, with the specimens loose in pockets. Nicely they will be mixed up in public herbaria in a few years. Of course everybody will return them to the wrong pockets. They always do. The only trustworthy exsiccati will then be those in which the specimens are permanently glued down. Fungus Forays, 1890. — Up to the time of going to press arrangements had not been completed for the dates of the Fungus Forays this year, on account of the uncertain state of the weather. The Cryptogamic Society of Scotland has fixed its sixteenth con- ference for the 23rd of September at the Boat of Garten (Station on Highland Railway), and following days. The Essex Field Club propose to go outside Epping Forest this year, and explore other woods in the county. The Woolhope Club will occupy the usual first week in October, but definite programme has not yet been arranged. Again the Hampshire Naturalists are projecting a raid in the New Forest, but beyond these we have, as yet, no inti- mation. In due time we presume that those who customarily take part in these gatherings will receive private notice. ( Australian Fungi. — Efforts have been made during^ the past year or two, and are still being made, to arrange for the production of a Handbook of the Fungi of the Australian colonies, with short descriptions of the genera and species in English, and illustrations of the genera. The want of such a work has long been lelt, but the difficulty has been in securing some guarantee against personal pecuniary loss. Present prospects are somewhat 22 MEMORABILIA. favourable to the hope that the several Governments will combine in active patronage, and that some arrangement will be made for carrying this project into execution, despite the difficulties which have hitherto presented themselves. It is probable now that such a work will be fairly on the way in the coming year. CRYPTOGAMIC LITERATURE. Massee, G. A Monograph of the Thelephoreae, part ii., in “ Journ. Linn. Soc.” No. 182. Cooke, M. C. The Hymenomycetal Fungi of Epping Forest, with a catalogue of the species, in “ Essex Naturalist,” Oct., 1889. Cooke, M. C. Suggestions on the collecting and study of the minute Fungi of Essex, in “ Essex Naturalist,” Jan., 1890. Cooke, M. C. Illustrations of British Fungi (Hymenomycetes), No. 74. Cooke, M. C. Introduction to Fresh Water Algas, with de- scriptions of the British Species (International Scientific Series). Berlese, A. N. leones Fungorum ad usum Sylloges Saccar- dianae, fasc. i., 17 plates. Morgan, A. P. Mycologic observations, in “ Botanical Gazette,” April, 1890. Arnell, A. P. Om nagra Jungermannia ventricosa narstaende lefvermossarter, in “ Bot. Notiser,” No. 3. Bresadola, J. Fungi Kamerunensis, in “ Bull. Soc. Mycol. de France.” Arnold, F. Die Lichenen des Frankischen Jura, in “ Denk- schrift. Kon. Bay. Bot. Ges.,” Regensburg, 1890. Martindale, J. A. Lichens of Westmoreland (continued), in “ Naturalist,” May, June, 1890. Oudemanns, C. A. J. Micromycetes nouveaux, in “ Overg. Med. Kon. Akad. van Wetens,” 1890. Eaton, D. C. On Buxbaumia indusiata , in “ Bullet. Torr. Bot. Club,” May, 1890. Webber, H. J. Peridial cell characters in the classification of the Uredinese and Peculiar Uredineas, in “ American Naturalist,” Feb., 1890. i, iG^^eSa iW.i B., and Bagnall, J. E. Fungi of Warwickshire, J Jiti ymulahn Naturalist,” June, 1890 (continued). Petticolas, C. L. On the fossil marine diatom deposit from Artesian wells at Atlantic City, in “ Am. Mon. Micr. Journ.” / j j /SETTOaEL^/|Wi. | A. Concerning the structure and development d)f i i jmbiatilis, “ Proc. Amer. Acad, of Arts and Sciences,” xxv. CRYPTOGAMIC LITERATURE. 23 Sturgis, W. C. On the carpologic structure and development of the Collemaceae. “ Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts and Sciences/’ xxv. Levi-Morenos, D. Quelques idees sur 1’ evolution defensive des Diatomees, etc , in “ Notarisia,” April, June, 1890. Husnot and others. Notes Bryologiques, in “ Revue Bryolo- gique,” No. 3, 1890- Deby, Julien. Bibliographie recente des Diatomees, in “Nuovo Notarisia,” June, 1890. de Toni, G. B. Frammenti Algologici, in “ Nuovo Notarisia,” June, Aug., 1890. Romell, Lars. Fungi exsiccati praesertim Scandinavici, cent, i., Jan. 1890. Debray, F. Sur Notommata Werneckii parasite des Vauche- riees. “ Bull. Scient.,” France. Debray, F. Sur la structure et le Developpement des Chylo- cladia Champia et Lomentaria, in “ Bullet. Scient.,” France. Halsted, B. D. Notes upon Zygodesmus, in “Bull. Torr. Club,” June, 1890. Dudley, W. R. On the Strawberry Leaf Blight, in “ Bull. Cornell University,” Dec., 1889. Dudley, W. R. On the Onion Mould (Peronospora), in “ Bull. Cornell University,” Dec., 1889. West, W. Contributions to the Freshwater Algae of North Wales. “Journ. Roy. M. S.,” June, 1890. Roumeguere, C. Fungi Gallici Exsiccati, cent liii.,liv. Bresadola, G. Champignons de la Hongrie, in “ Revue Mycologique,” July, 1890. Karsten, P. A., and others. Fungi novi vel minus bene cogniti, in “ Revue Mycologique,” July, 1890. Patouillard, N. Quelques Champignons de la Chine, “in Revue Mycologique,” July, 1890. Ferry, Rene. Recherches sur les matieres sucrees contenues dans les Champignons. Ibid., 1890. Husnot, T. Muscologia Gallica. Livr. 9. McBride, T. H. Saprophytic Fungi of Eastern Iowa, in “ Bull. Laboratory Nat. Hist, of Iowa,” No. 4. McBride, T. H. Common species of Edible Fungi, in “Bull. Laboratory Nat. Hist, of Iowa,” No. 4. Durand, T. Tables Generales du Bulletin de la Societe Royale de Botanique de Belgique. Tome, i-xxv. Rattray, J. Revision of the Genus Actinocyclus, in “ Journ. Quekett Micro. Club,” July, 1890. Lockwood, S. Fungi affecting Fishes, in “ Journ. New York Micro. Soc.,” July, 1890. 24 CRVPTOGAMIC LITERATURE. Warn store, C. Contributions to the Knowledge of North American Sphagna, in “ Botanical Gazette,” June, 1890. Keith, James. On Agaricus storea, in “ Scottish Naturalist/’ July, 1890. Trail, J. M. W. Revision of the Uredinese and Ustilagineee of Scotland, in 11 Scottish Naturalist,” July, 1890. Marchand, L. Histoire de la Cryptogamie, in “ Journ. de Micographie,” May, 1890. Marchand, L. Quel est le developpement a donner a l’enseign- ment de la Cryptogamie. Ibidem. Lett, H. W. Report on the Mosses, Hepatics, and Lichens of the Mourne Mountain District, in “ Proc. R.I. Academy.” Venturi. Barbulse rurales, in “ Revue Bryologique,” No. 4, 1890. Amann. Mnium subglobosum, in “ Revue Bryologique,” No. 4, 1890. Philibert. On Bryum Roellii, in “ Revue Bryologique,” No. 4, 1890. Hariot, P. Le Genre Bulbotrichia, in “ Notarisia,” No. 19, 1890. Imhof, O. E. Notizie sulle diatomee pelagiche dei laghi, in “ Notarisia,” June, 1890. Dangeard, P. Indication sur la recolte des algues inferieures, in “ Notarisia,” June, 1890. Magnus, P. Sulla diffusione geografica della Sphseroplea annulina, in “ Notarisia,” June, 1890. Collins, F. S. Brachytrichia Quoyii, in “ Bull. Torrey. Bot. Club,” July, 1890. Rossetti, C. Epaticologica della Toscana, in “ Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital.,” July, 1890. Baccarini, P. Primo catalogo de Funghi dell’ Avellinese, in “ Nuovo Giorn Bot. Ital.,” July, 1890. Martelli, U. Un caso di dissociazione naturale nei Licheni. “ Nuovo Giorn Bot. Ital.,” July, 1890. Martelli, U. Sulla Torula spongicola, in “ Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital.,” July, 1890. Rolland, L. Une nouvelle espece de Bolet (Boletus plorans), in “ Journal de Botanique.” Rolland, L. Excursion a Zermatt (5 champ, nouveaux). “ Bull. Soc. Mycol. France.” Atkinson, G. F. A new Ramularia on cotton, in “ Botanical Gazette,” July, 1890. de Toni, G. B. Diagnoses Algarum novarum, in “La Nuova Notarisia,” Aug., 1890. No. 90- December, 1890. (Sr^rillp. A QUARTERLY RECORD OF CRYPTOGAMIC BOTANY AND ITS LITERATURE. BRITISH THELEPHOREI. ( Continued from p. 21 .) Gen. 4. CORTICIUM. Fries. Hymenium amphigenous, even or tuberculose, waxy, smooth, arising immediately from the mycelium without an intermediate stratum ; spores white. A. Margin free , determinate , marginate. 1. Corticium salicinum ( Fr .). Stev. Brit. Fung. II., 273. Coriaceous, soft, rigid when dry, fixed by the centre, margin everywhere reflexed, externally white villous; hymenium per- sistently blood red, continuous when dry ; spores cylindrical- ellipsoid, curved, 14-16 x 5-6 ft. On willow, rarely on poplar. Kinrara, N.B. 2. Corticium evolvens {Fr.). Cooke Handbk. No. 921. Stev. Brit. Fung. II., 273. Resupinate, marginate or effuso-reflexed, soft, covered beneath with a whitish flocculose tomentum, not zoned ; hymenium naked, smooth, rather rugose, tawny growing pale, cracking when dry ; spores ellipsoid, 10-12 x 5 ft. On bark, especially cherry. 'King’s Cliff. Batheaston. Dang- stein, Warwick. Glamis. Forres, N.B. 3. Corticium porosum, Berk. Sf Curt. Ann. Nat. Hist. No. 1821. Stev. Brit. Fung, n., p. 275. Resupinate, milk white, here and there porous, margin free, reflexed ; spores oblong-ellipsoid, 7 X 4 ft. (“ The pores look as if little dewdrops had settled on the hymenium, which had in con- sequence contracted.”) On wood. Aboyne. 4. Corticium populinum, Fr. Hym. Fur. 648. Soft, tubercuiiform, soon confluent and effused, at length involute, marginate, whitish tomentose beneath ; hymenium un- even, ferruginous- cinereous ; spores subglobose 7-8, p On poplar. Scarboro. 3 26 BRITISH THELEPHOREI. 6. Coxticium lycii ( Pers ). Cooke Grev. ix., 95. Effused, thin; margin pallid, free, somewhat byssoid; hymenium lilac, continuous ; spores ellipsoid, 8 x4/i. On Lycium and Syringa. Kew. Coxticium Boltoni, Fries , Massee Mon. Thel. 123. This is undoubtedly the same thing as Hymenochcete Boltoni , Sacc., referred also to Bolton’s t. 166, fig. d. But the whole evidence of its being British depends on this figure. B. Immarginate , margin and substratum byssoid or strigose. * Hymenium white , or ochraceous. 6. Coxticium calceum, Fr. Hym. Fur. 652. HandbTc. No. 933. Stev. Brit. Fung. II., 277. Broadly effused, adglutinate, waxy, quite smooth, white, margin similar ; hymenium even, cracked when dry, pallid ; spores cylin- drically ellipsoid, 8 X 4 p. On wood. Common. Cort. cretaceum , Pers., does not appear to be specifically dis- tinct. 7. Coxticium sexum, Fr. Hym. Fur. 652. Stev. Brit. Fung. 283. Broadly effused, incrusting, thin, white, fleshy when recent, smooth, pruinose, then dry and flocculose and splitting, with crowded rounded equal papillae ; spores ellipsoid, 12-15 x 8-9 p. On wood. Epping. Glamis. Menmuir. Maidenhead. 8. Coxticium sebaceum (Fr.). Massee Mon. Thel. 127. HandbJe. No. 904. Stev. Brit. Fung. II., 265. Sebacina incrustans, Tulasne. Effused, between fleshy and waxy, becoming hard, incrusting and variable in form, tuberculose or stalactitic, whitish, margin similar ; hymenium collapsing, flocculosely pruinose ; spores ellipsoid, apiculate at the base, 14-16 x 7-9 p. On the ground, or running over grass, twigs, &c. Not uncom- mon. 9. Coxticium scutellaxe, Berk, fy Curt. Grev. II., p. 4. Stev. Brit. Fung. II., 278. Resupinate, broadly effused, immarginate, whitish then some- what tan coloured ; hymenium cracking into minute areohe ; spores ellipsoid, 5 x 3 p. On wood and herb stems. Strachan, Glamis, N.B. Carlisle. 10. Coxticium foetidum, Berk. Sf Broome Ann. Nat. Hist. No. 1824. Mass. Mon. Thel. p. 131, t. 6, f. 3. Stev. Brit. Fung. II., 275. Strong scented, effused, resupinate, arachnoid beneath, white, then ochraceous, smooth ; spores ellipsoid, 7 x 4/i. On sawdust. Coed Coch. 11. Coxticium lacteum, Fr. Hym. Fur. 649. HandbJe. No. 923. Stev. Brit. Fung. II., 274. Broadly effused, somewhat membranaceous, milk white, sub- stratum and margin loosely fibrillose (often radiating in long thick BRITISH THELEPHOREI, 27 mycelial strands, in a frondose manner), hymenium waxy, when dry cracking and parting, pallid ochraceous ; spores subglobose, 5-6 p. On wood. Sherwood Forest. 12. Corticium laeve, Fr. Hym. Fur. 649. Handbk. No. 926. Stev. Brit. Fung. II., 275. Effused, membranaceous, separating from the matrix, sub- stratum villous, circumference byssoid (not fibrillosely radiate) ; hymenium even, smooth, somewhat flesh colour or livid ; spores ellipsoid, 7 x 5 p. On wood, bark, &c. Common. 13. Corticium nudum, Fr. Hym. Fur. 655. Waxy, adglutinate, cracking, flesh-colour, then pale ; margin determinate, smooth ; hymenium even, cracking when dry, clad with a fugacious white meal ; spores ellipsoid, 8x5/*. On bark. Carlisle. 14. Corticium confluens, Fries Hym. Fur. 655, Handbk. No. 940. Stev. Brit. Fung, n., 279. Adglutinate, somewhat membranaceous ; margin radiating (not fibrillose) ; hymenium even, naked, hyaline, becoming white when dry; spores cylindrically ellipsoid, 20 X 10 p. On bark, usually beech. Sibbertoft. 15. Corticium arachnoideum, Berk. Ann. Nat. Hist. No. 287. Handbk. No. 924. Stev. Brit. Fung, n., 275. Thin, effused, pallid, immarginate, fibrillose or rather floccose beneath, margin fimbriate with white fibrils ; hymenium waxy, continuous, here and there cracked when dry ; spores globose, 6-7 p diam. On wood, bark, &c. Common. 16. Corticium typhae, Fckl. Symb. Myc.p. 27. Stev. Brit. Fung, n., 281. Longitudinally effused, thin, at first forming spots, which are white and byssoid, smooth, then mealy, tan coloured ; spores ellipsoid, 6 x 3-4 p. On dried leaves of Typha and Carex. N. Wootton. 17. Corticium epiphyllum ( Pers .). Wallr. Crypt. Germ. No. 1982. Very ,thin, smooth, irregularly effused, margin indeterminate, wholly whitish, becoming cinereous. On dead oak leaves. Shrewsbury. Badminton. 18. Corticium sambuci, Fries Hym. Fur. 660. Handbk. No. 943. Stev. Brit. Fung. II., 283. Broadly effused, indeterminate, rather innate, encrusting, ambient, white; when dry flocculose and collapsing ; spores ellipsoid, 8-10 X 5-6 p. On Sambucus. Common. 28 BRITISH THELEPHOREI. 19. Corticium lactescens, Berk. Outl. p. 274. Handbk. No. 932. Stev. Brit. Fung . II., 276. Between soft and waxy, adglutinate, undulate, pale flesh coloured, when wounded exuding a watery milk, margin byssoid, continuous, short ; hymenium at length cracked, interstices pallid, silky ; spores globose, 4 /X diam. On ash, willow, &c. Near Hereford, Oswestry, Staunton, Bungay, Clifton, West Farley, Perth. 20. Corticium lacunosum, Berk. 8[ Br. Ann. Nat. Hist. No. 1371. Stev. Brit. Fung, n., 284. Broadly effused, soft, mycelium woolly, tawny, lacunose ; hymen- ium ochraceous or cinnamon, waxy, continuous ; spores ellipsoid, hyaline, 7 X 4-5 p. On wood. Aboyne, Carlisle. 21. Corticium radiosum, Fries Hym. Fur. 649. = C. radians, B. 8f Br. Rather rounded, membranaceous, adnate, adpressedly fibrillose beneath, margin fimbriate with white fibrils ; hymenium even, smooth, tan coloured, continuous ; spores subglobose, 5-6 p diam. On rotten wood. Coed Coch. ** Hymenium brightly coloured. 22. Corticium roseolum, Massee Mon. Thel. 140, t. 6,/. 2. Very broadly effused, indeterminate, very thin ; hymenium con- tinuous, smooth, of a beautiful rose colour, becoming pale ; spores subglobose, apiculate at the base, 7 X 8-9 p. On old worked wood. Apethorpe, Carlisle. 23. Corticium aurora, Berk. Outl. p.276. Handbk. No. 944. Stev. Brit. Fung. II., 281. Effused, very thin, adglutinate, rosy, becoming pale; margin indeterminate; spores ellipsoid, apiculate at the base, 10-11 x 7-8 p. On dead leaves of Carex. Batheaston. 24. Corticium anthochroum (Pers.). Fr. Hym. Fur. 661. Handbk. No. 909. Stev. Brit. Fung, n , 284. Broadly effused, membranaceous, brick red or rosy, growing pale ; margin byssoid, paler; spores ellipsoid, 11-13 x 8-9 p. On bark. Batheaston. Forres, N.B. 25. Corticium molle, Fries Hym. Fur. 660. Rather rounded, floccosely fleshy, loosely interwoven, soft, pallid, spotted with reddish, villous beneath ; margin naked ; hymenium waxy, papillose, cracked when dry ; spores cylindrically ellipsoid, obtuse at each end, 7x5 p. On wood and bark of pine. BRITISH THELEPHOREI. 29 26. Corticium polygonium, Fries Hym. Fur. 655. Handblc. No. 941. Stev. Brit. Fung. II., 280. Adnate, determinate, soon indurated, rather grumous, flesh coloured, margin similar ; hymenium red beneath the dense frosty meal; spores cylindrically ellipsoid, 14-16 x 5-7 \x. On bark, especially poplar. Batheaston, Somerset, &c. Appearing under the form of dense Tubercularia- like pustules. 27. Corticium maculaeforme, Fr. Hym. Fur. 656. Stev. Brit. Fung. 4. FI. Ban., t. 1738, /. 2. Orbicular, then confluent, indurated, thin, somewhat rosy ; margin similar, smooth ; hymenium spuriously papillose, greyish pruinose. On dry branches. Penzance. 28. Corticium sanguineum, Fries Hym. Fur. 650. Handbk. No. 928. Stev. Brit. Fung, n., 276. Broadly effused, indeterminate, loosely adherent, web-like beneath, blood-red ; margin loosely fibrillose; hymenium even, smooth, flesh coloured, at length pallid ; spores ellipsoid, 6 x 4 /x. On wood. Appin, Carlisle, Apethorpe. Forres, N.B. Here- ford. 29. Corticium Carlylei, Massee Mon. Thel. 148. Effused in elongated patches, adglutinate, between waxy and soft, smooth ; margin white, soon vanishing ; hymenium even, naked, dingy orange, continuous when dry ; spores cylindrically ellipsoid, obtuse at the ends, curved, 18-20 x 5-6 /x. On oak bark. Carlisle. 30. Corticium flaveolum, Massee Mon. Thel. 150. Effused, membranaceous, loosely adhering to the matrix ; margin determinate ; hymenium smooth, pallid yellowish ; spores cylin- drically ellipsoid, obtuse at the ends, 7x5 fx. On trunk of tree-fern. Kew. 31. Corticium coeruleum, Fries Hym. Fur. 651. Handblc. No. 930. Stev. Brit. Fung. II., 277. Broadly effused, adnate, tomentose, bright blue; margin byssoid of the same colour, becoming whitish ; hymenium soft, waxy, turning paler when dry ; spores ellipsoid, 8 x 4 /x. On wood. Common. 32. Corticium violaceo-liyidum, Fries Hym. Fur. 655. Stev. Brit. Fung. II., 280. Somewhat effused, adnate, indurated, livid-violet, margin paler; hymenium spuriously corrugated, tuberculose ; clad with a scattered whitish meal ; spores cylindrically ellipsoid, curved, 8 X 4 fx. On wood. Glamis, N.B. 33. Corticium lividum, Pers. Obs. i. p. 38. Handbk. No. 934. Stev. Brit. Fung. II., 278. Effused, closely adnate, between waxy and soft, variable in colour ; margin similar ; hymenium even, naked, rather viscid 30 BRITISH THELEPHOREI. when moist, cracking when dry ; spores cylindrically ellipsoid, 7-8 X 4 p. On wood. Carlisle, Coed Coch, Glamis. 34. Corticium atro-virens, Fries Hym. Fur. 651. HandbJc. No. 931. Stev. Frit. Fung. II., 277. Irregularly effused, thin, dark greenish ; margin and substratum tomentose, of the same colour ; hymenium waxy, smooth, pruinose with white ; spores subglobose, 4-5 p diam. On rotten wood, leaves, sticks, &c. Epping, Coed Coch. C. Amphigenous , very thin , innate , throwing off the hark. 35. Corticium nigrescens, Fries Hym. Fur. 556. Effused, interrupted, when the epidermis is cast off naked, innate, thin, yellowish, then becoming blackish; hymenium here and there papillose, waxy, sub-pruinose ; spores cylindrically oblong, obtuse at the ends, curved, 18-20 X 5-6 p. On branches. Carlisle. 36. Corticium comedens, Fries Hym. Fur. 656. Handhk. 942. Stev. Frit. Fung. II., 281. Effused, innate, growing beneath the bark ; when the epidermis is cast off naked, lilac, growing pale ; hymenium even, smooth, cracking when dry ; spores cylindrically ellipsoid, often curved, 14-16 x 6-7 p. On branches, especially hazel. Common. CONTROVERTED AGARICS. By M. C. Cooke.* The practical completion of the “ Illustrations of British Fungi ” affords me an opportunity, and an excuse, for a few brief observa- tions on some of the species which are open to discussion. It seems to me not of so much consequence whether any distinct form of Agaric should be called a species, or only a variety, as it is to have a definite name by which such a form, or variety, or species, can be distinguished, and a true and faithful figure to which reference can be made. Notwithstanding this, it cannot be an advantage to science that species should be called by names which assume that the plants represented are the same as those which have been described by older authors under such designations. It may be that I have not always been wholly free from error myself, but wherever such is shown to be the case, 1 am ready to retract, since I know that to “ err is human,” and during the course of this paper I shall not hesitate to express my doubts frankly, and * Paper read at the Woolhope Naturalists’ Field Club, September 30tb, 1890. CONTROVERTED AGARICS. 31 give the benefit of the doubt to those who may have disputed my views. It is not my intention, nevertheless, to give way recklessly on points which have given me much cause for consideration, and on which the evidence as yet adduced is insufficient to raise a doubt in my own mind. Such, for instance, is the case with Tricholoma russula and H ygrophorus erubescens , as well as Russula delica and Lactarius exsuccus. In both these cases, although prepared to treat with respect views opposed to my own, I am not convinced. There is, however, a rather important instance in which I am inclined to modify considerably. In the Scottish Naturalist, July, 1890, the Rev. Dr. Keith writes of Agaricus storea , Fr., as follows : — “ This fungus has got itself established in our books as a species which has been found both in England and Scotland ; but though I have frequently met with the plant which has been going by this name among British mycologists, I have never been able to satisfy myself as to its identity with Fries’ species. Ag. storea is recorded and described in three of Fries’ works — his ‘ Epicrisis ’ (1836-38), his ‘ Monographia ’ (1857), and his ‘Hymenomycetes Europoei ’ (1874). In each of these it is expressly mentioned that he had found it only twice, in 1815 and 1833, and on both occasions on the same trunk. As regards his acquaintance with the species, there- fore, all three works are of equal value, for he had never met with it after describing it in the 1 Epicrisis.’ Indeed, the description in the ‘ Hymenomycetes ’ is a verbatim translation of that in the 4 Epicrisis,’ so that I am inclined to regard the description in the 4 Monographia ’ as his latest independent account of the species. Now in that description it is expressly declared to be a solitary growing species, a feature which is emphasized by being printed in italics, and which is said to remove it far from other species other- wise approaching it closely. On the other hand, the fungus which has been passing among us as Ag. storea , Fr., is a remarkably caespitose one, diverging in this respect very strikingly from the habit of the true plant. Stevenson, in his ‘ British Fungi,’ gives Fries’ description of the species with his usual accuracy, and mentions two habitats Ascot and Perth fungus show. I know noth- ing of the Ascot specimens, but those which occurred at Perth were growing in large clusters, and it was there I got, from a dis- tinguished English mycologist, the name of Ag. storea , Fr., for a fungus which I had previously taken for Ag. lacrymabundus , Fr. Cooke cuts the knot of the difficulty by calling it Ag. storea , Fr., var ccespitosus , C. But let anyone compare the figure which he so designates with that which he gives of Ag. lacrymabundus , Fr., and, excepting the slight difference of colour, he will find little to dis- tinguish them. The conclusion I am inclined to come to is that my original idea was correct, and that the fungus which has been taken for Ag. storea , Fr., is only a form, and scarcely entitled to be called a variety of Ag. lacrymabundus , Fr.” 32 CONTROVERTED AGARICS. Before making any observations on the foregoing, I must testify my profound respect for the opinions of Dr. Keith on matters relating to the Hymenomycetes, my ready acknowledgment of his great experience in field work, and a full recognition of his careful and acute powers of observation. No opinion which I have heard on this vexed question has come to me with an equal degree of force, and I must acknowledge myself, if not entirely, yet to a very large extent, ready to accept his interpretation. The first record of this name amongst British Fungi was by Berkeley and Broome in the “Annals of Natural History,” No. 1418, with the remark : “ This curious species occurred last year at the base of different trees at Ascot and at Coed Coch ; and it has also been found by Mr W . G. Smith, and was exhibited at South Kensington, October, 1873. It is considered very rare by Fries; but it is probably one of those species which are abundant in some one year, and are not found again for a generation.” W. G. Smith figured his specimens in the Journal of Botany , Yol. xiv., Plate 176, Fig 4. There remains no doubt that the species seen by Berkeley, and found by Smith, were the same as that figured in “ Illustrations of British Fungi,” Plate 543, and again, the same as that alluded to by Dr. Keith as exhibited at Perth. Of the identity of all these there need be no question. Berkeley and Smith had the same plant in view, for both have indicated it to me as Ag. storea , Fr., and gave me the first impression of the species. In 1884 Mr. C. B. Plowright gave expression to his views on this species in “ Grevillea,” Vol. xiii., p. 48, where he described it under the name of Ag. hypoxanthus , adding : “ This Agaric has been regarded as A. storea , but incorrectly so. It is always csespitose,* and has hitherto occurred either on rotten beech wood or under beech trees.” I was still under the impression that it was a csespitose condition of Ag. storea when it was figured as Ag. storea var ccespitosus in “ Illustrations of Fungi,” Plate 543, and I was much influenced by the opinion of the Bev. J. Berkeley in its favour. Upon careful consideration of the subject, I have come to the conclusion that we really know nothing of Ag. storea beyond the description in Fries. There is no figure of it in existence, as far as we know, and we have nothing to guide us but a strict adher- ence to the description given by Fries. The plant under considera- tion does not conform in all particulars to the description ; it cannot be the typical form ; and it seems to me that I am not justified in insisting upon the retention of a variety, the type of which is comparatively unknown. I think that the points of divergence insisted upon are its csespitose habit, moist viscid pileus, and hollow stem, and I doubt if the edges of the gills are albo- serrulate. I cannot recognize the habit of Inocybe (“ habitus * This present year (1890) I have found precisely the same species growing solitary , so that it is not always csespitose. — M. C. C. CONTROVERTED AGARICS. 33 potius Inocybes ”), therefore my inference is that it is safer to revert (at least pro tern.) to the name Agaricus hypoxanthus, Plow., and dissever it entirely from Ag. storea. One other question has been raised, and it is that which I do not at present see my way to accept, that this is a form of Agaricus lacrymabundus , Fr. I have not recognized the “ weeping gills,” and for the time being will pass it by as an “ open question.” I must be permitted to relieve my mind a little in reference to three or four closely similar forms to each other which have hitherto borne distinctive names, but which I am beginning to think do not deserve that honour. This group includes, as we know them, Agaricus (Nolanea) pisciodorus, Cesati (illustr., 378, Fig. A), Ag. (Nolanea) piceus , Raich (illustr., 379, Fig. A), Ag. (Naucoria) cucumis, Pers. (illustr., 452), and Ag. (Nolanea) nigripes , Trog (illustr., 1,170). It is noteworthy that all these four species are characterized as having a strong odour as of putrid fish or cucumber. Perhaps it may be assumed that the odour is the same, whatever it may be said to resemble. In the next place, three are referred to Nolanea and one to Naucoria. I am not disposed to place much reliance upon the presence of one in Naucoria as evidence. It is not easy to detect amber-coloured spores from salmon-coloured spores, and as all have apparently elliptical smooth spores of nearly the same size, at least in three out of four, the size and form of spores will not help us, and I doubt much whether the Ag. cucumis , with which we are acquainted, may not be as much Nolanea as Naucoria. At any rate, I should be quite prepared for such a revelation. Then, again, all of them have black, or nearly black, stems, not a common event with slender-stemmed Agarics. Say what we will, there is a suspiciously close alliance between all the species, and if we take the trouble to compare the respective diagnoses of all the four, we shall be no nearer the discovery of good marks of specific difference than by a comparison of the figures. If we strike out from all simultaneously the features in which they coin- cide, there will be very little left. A. nigripes , Trog. Fr. Hym. Eur., No. 752. Pileus submembranaceous, conic then campanulate, obtuse, without stride, covered with paler flocci, brown, stem fistulose, twisted, smooth, black ; gills nearly free, thin, ventricose, yellow flesh-colour. Smell as of putrid fish. Stem often bent, tough, four to five inches long. Pileus l^in. broad. In swamps. A. pisciodorus, Cesati. Fr. Hym. Eur., No. 753. Pileus submembranaceous, conic then campanulate then convex, obsoletely umbonate, velvety and soft, fulvous-cinnamon ; stem subfistulose, tough, delicately pruinate, chestnut turning blackish, paler at the apex, rather velvety ; gills slightly adnexed, gilvous then flesh- colour, at length fulvous. Odour similar to A. nigripes, but colour different. On chips and rotten leaves. Spores ovoid-oblong. 34 CONTROVERTED AGARICS. A. piceus , Kalch. Fr. Hym. Eur., 761. Pileus submembranaceous, conic then campanula te, papillate, without strke, smooth, pitch-colour, umber when dry ; stem fistu- lose, rather tough, short, even, delicately pruinose, of the same colour ; gills emarginate, with a decurrent tooth, ventricose, rather distant, white then flesh-coloured. Odour of cucumber, or fish. In grassy places in moist woods. Spores 10-12 X 4. Ag. cucumis , Pers. Fr. Hym. Eur., 949. Sacc., 3410. Pileus rather fleshy, broadly campanulate, smooth, fuscous bay when moist, paler about the margin ; stem thin, firm, smooth, fuscous turning black, thickened at the apex, hollow, pruinose ; gills slightly adnexed, ventricose, pallid then saffron-yellow. Odour of cucumber. Pileus lin. broad, but occurs smaller. Amongst chips. Spores 9-10 x 5-6. The following is the condensed form which the descriptions would take if reduced to one species : — Agaricus ( Nolanea ) nigripes, Trog. Pileus submembranaceous, conic then campanulate, obtuse, without stride, floccose or velvety, brown : stem fistulose, straight or flexuous, becoming black, smooth, sometimes pruinose and paler at the apex. Gills adnexed, nearly free, thin, ventricose, gilvous then flesh-colour. Smell of putrid fish or cucumber. (a) Typica. Stem flexuous, wholly black, pileus clad with paler flocci. In swamps. ( b ) Pisciodorus. Stem straight, pruinose, paler at the apex, rather velvety ; gills becoming fulvous. Spores ovoid-oblong. Pileus fulvous-cinnamon. On chips. (c) Cucumis. Stem straight, pruinose, firm, thickened above. Pileus smooth, fuscous-bay when moist, paler at the margin ; gills pallid then saffron yellow. Spores 9-10 X 5-6. On chips. (d) Piceus. Stem short, straight, thicker than in the type, pruinose. Pileus papillate, pitchy brown when moist, umber when dry, paler at the margin ; gills emarginate with a decurrent tooth, white then flesh -colour. Spores 10-12 x 4. In moist grassy places. It must be observed that the only one of these forms which departs from the type in any feature which would warrant specific distinction is the last, which is the only truly aberrant form, in virtue of the robust stem, papillate pileus, and emarginate gills. If I might venture an opinion, based on the belief that Ag. cucumis is not really a good Naucoria , but rather a Nolanea , I should suggest that Agaricus nigripes , pisciodonis, and cucumis are varieties of one species, call it by whatever name you please, and that Ag. piceus has distinctive features which might warrant its retention as a fairly-good species. At any rate, it is an open question, which merits investigation in the light of these sugges- tions. Another question of doubt often presents itself to my mind in CONTROVERTED AGARICS. 35 connection with Ag. ( Glitocybe ) odorus. Fries maintains the Ag. viridis of Withering, and Bolton’s figures (tab. 12), as a distinct species under the name of Ag. viridis , but as far as British Fungi are concerned, I feel satisfied that we have only the one species, which is known to us as Agaricus odorus , and, if there is another species, which Fries himself had never seen, it is neither that of Withering nor Bolton, and should have no place in the British list, except as synonymous with Agaricus odorus. As far as France is concerned, Dr. Quelet does not recognize two species, and I am strongly of opinion that at least the two references to Withering and Bolton, under Ag. viridis, should be transferred to Agaricus odorus , to which, in my opinion, they alone belong. As this communication will be interpreted in some sense as a confession of sin, a little justification of that view may be found perhaps in the admission that I feel very suspicious of having fallen into error with regard to Ag. (Collybia) tuberosus and Ag. cirrhatus. It is at least probable that the colour of tuber is only a question of age, and that what I have figured as two species, are really but one, and that one Agaricus tuberosus , whilst Ag. cirrhatus has not been figured at all. It may be that the pale tuber is characteristic of Ag. tuberosus , and that the black tuber belongs to Ag. racemosus. Since the conviction of some error has invaded me I have had no opportunity of collecting and examining specimens so as to arrive at a definite conclusion ; under any cir- cumstances it seems that no tuber really belongs to Ag. cirrhatust for some weight must be given to the remark made by Fries under the latter species, in his “Monographia”: “ Tuber radicale in hac specie numquam adest.” Moreover, in this place I cannot resist the impression, although I have endeavoured to view their differences impartially, that Ag. (Clitopilus) orcella, and Ag. (Clitopilus) prunulus have no just claims to specific distinction. I am well aware that our friend Dr. Bull had a strong opinion in favour of their being good species, but perhaps he only intended to express his own facility in dis- tinguishing one form from another, and this would apply as well to mere varieties, as to definite species. It is not my intention to pronounce any dictum on what should be the limits of species or varieties, nor do I think it of so much consequence, although in this case I may be permitted to reserve a doubt, which I do not think is merely an individual opinion. I sought the most characteristic specimens for illustration, and yet I cannot recognize a sound specific difference. Perhaps it would be considered rather heretical in me to doubt in the same manner Ag. (Lepiota) procerus and Ag. ( Lepiota ) rachodes, but the larger the number of specimens I examine the more are my doubts strengthened as to their specific differences. I may observe, in reference to the “ Illustrations,” that Plate 49 is liable to be misleading. Ag. (Tricholoma) murinaceus is there 36 CONTROVERTED AGARICS. figured with white gills, but they were cinereous in my original drawing, and have been left white in printing. This was over- looked at the time, but it should be corrected. Again, Plate 167, which represents Ag. ( Tricholoma) virgatus, has been printed with the pileus so dark that it is scarce recognizable. I might allude to Aq. (Tricholoma) argyraceus. I certainly do not retain the opinion that it is a variety of the very common Agaricus terreus. Indeed, I cannot refer it either to Ag. scalpturatus , and in my present frame of mind I would rather recognize it as a species separate from either, with its two varieties, Ag. chrysites and Ag. virescens , both of which are figured in the “ Illustrations.” I still think that Ag. oriruhens is only a form of Ag. terreus , and possibly Ag. atro-squamosus, but of the latter I am by no means certain. More important, perhaps, is the conclusion I am to announce of a search after Ag. gangrenosus, Fr., and although I still consider it in some sense an open question, I cannot divest myself of the suspicion that we, in this island at any rate, have only Ag. semitalis to which all specimens and drawings of the supposed Ag. gan- grenosus should be referred. A glance at the description as well as the figures of Ag. semitalis strongly suggest Tricholoma , and not Colly hia, with the gills sinuate or emarginate. Possibly, also, Ag. (Tr.) immundus is only a pale form of Ag. semitalis. All of them agree in turning black when bruised, or old, and all of them should of right be placed in the same section of Tricholoma. Whatever we may say, the subject is at least worthy of further investigation. Beyond dispute, I should think, since Fries has published his figures of Hygrophorus laetus in his “ leones,” no one will contend that Hygr. Houghtoni can be maintained as distinct. I must profess, also, great scepticism with regard to Bolbitius Boltoni and Bolbitius vitellinus, at least if the right species have been found and figured in the “ Illustrations.” Of course there are causes always at work in such cases which render some of the plates in the “Illustrations” far more satis- factory than others. The first volume, for instance, before the lithographers became accustomed to that particular kind of work, there was a deficiency in the mechanical work of printing which subsequently disappeared. The eye does not become accustomed to the nice distinctions in the tone of colour without experience, and there were difficulties at first in getting softness, and pre- venting exaggeration of the bright tints. These difficulties dis- appeared entirely by the time we arrived at Cortinarius , which is about the best period artistically of the work. Be that as it may, some plates will always be open to dissatisfaction, whilst others must frankly be conceded to be the best illustrations of given species ever produced in any country. The reproductions were also made from the drawings of various people beside myself, so that in some instances there is a crudeness and stiffness in draw- ing— and in this respect there is some variety. Some artists CONTROVERTED AGARICS. 37 never seem to acquire the power of giving character to their sketches. They may know well enough what they should be, but fail to express it. All these things taken into account, the failures are not numerous. All positive errors it has been my ambition to correct, as soon as possible, and I fancy but few are left. It must be remembered, too, that the same species will be sub- ject to variation, and though some of the figures are not truly typical, they, nevertheless, represent our insular forms. There is an example of this in Agar. ( Tricholoma ) portentosus ; the Plate 54 has been called in question by some continental mycologists, but early this present year I found at Kew, the first time for many years, the exact form which was figured, and submitted it to one or two of my mycological friends with great satisfaction. I have long felt that Plate 27 was a poor representation of Ag. (Lepiota) hispidus , Lasch, even if it deserved to be so called, but the true species was lately found at Carlisle, and is now being printed for the supplement. It has been compared with a drawing made by the illustrious Fries, and no doubt can remain of its accuracy. Some mycologists contend that Ag. ( 'Lepiota ) Friesii is only a variety of Ag. ( Lepiota) acute-squamosus, but I think that a com- parison of the two figures will suffice to carry conviction that they should be maintained as distinct. Again, the identity of Ag. (Lepiota) meleagris, Sow., and Ag. (Lepiota) Badhami, Berk., it would be folly to insist upon. The species figured on Plate 33 as Ag. ( Armillaria) aur antius was soon found to be wrong, and it was called subsequently Ag. robustus , but my present opinion is in favour of Ag. caligatus , as figured by Barla, rather than Ag. robustus. In passing, it may be observed that the pileus in Plate 76 (Agaricus acerbus) is much too dark, and rufous. It must not be forgotten that Plate 60 is not Ag. imbricatus , which name is attached to it, but Ag. vaccinus. A worthy friend and fellow-member of this Club is at issue with me respecting Ag. (Clito) giganteus and Ag. (Clito) maximus. I will not enter here upon the discussion, and only repeat my con- viction that the two plates are accurate in their representation of the two species ; therefore I have no doubt, in the course of time, my antagonist will succumb. If he is one of the first to raise doubts, and pertinacious in insisting on them, he is also most magnanimous in renouncing them as soon as he discovers that they cannot be maintained. And here I may venture a doubt whether Ag. ( Clito ) inversus , Ag. (Clito ) flaccidus , and Ag. ( Clito) lobatus are not all forms of one species. In the next place, if the figure of Ag. ( Clito) senilis, from our late friend M. J. Berkeley, whose memory we all revere (PI. 110), can be referred to that species at all, it must be a very remote form. It may be of interest to state that Berkeley has more than once expressed his conviction to me, that of all the 38 CONTROVERTED AGARICS. subgenera of Agaricus he considered Clitocybe as the most puzzling and difficult. Again I venture to dissent from the “ Father of English Mycology,” in that I have grave doubts whether his figures of Ag. ( Collybia ) acervatus (Pl. 267) represent the true species. As to Ag. ( Collybia ) balaninus , B., and Marasmius erythropus , Fr., I must continue to hold to the opinion that they are by no means identical if you obtain specimens which are authentic and compare them. The Ag. ( Mycena) excisus , figured on Plate 148, is a fine species and an interesting one, but I could not insist upon its being referred to Ag. excisus, of Lasch ; perhaps it is a new and distinct species. Ag. ( Pleurotus) pantoleucus (PI. 179) must, I think, be wrong in colour, but it is a faithful copy. All I can say of Ag. (Pleurotus) ostreatus is that I regard it as a most variable species, and I hardly dare venture to name all the so-called species which I should characterize as some of its varieties. Passing now from the white-spored to the pink-spored species, my first doubt is of Ag. gloiocephalus and Ag. speciosus. Is there any sound specific difference ? There seems to be a much more feasible distinction between the two forms of Ag. phlebophorus on Plate 422, and I am inclined to give way to our Gallic neighbours who regard them as distinct species. I have already remarked elsewhere my conviction that the Ag. ( Clitopilus) carneoalbus, of Withering, is not the species of Fries and the continental mycologists (PI. 324). Agaricus ( Pholiota ) erebius , Fr., will, I presume, be accepted as including also Ag. (Armillaria) denigratus and Ag. leveilleanus , D. & M. Amongst other species of Pholiota I can only allude to Ag. comosus , Ag. heteroclitus, and Ag. destruens, expressing my regret that I cannot find good specific differences between them. I shall purposely pass over Hebeloma and Inocybe without remark ; to commence would be fatal, as the end would not be within an appreciable distance. Leaving to private opinion, as an open question, the identity of Ag. ( Flammula ) inopus with some of the yellow species of Hypholoma, there is but little in Flammula which calls for remark. Indeed it is time that these observations came to a close. Some- thing has already been said of Hypholoma, and more might be said, but for the present we will rest content with the end of the fourth volume of “ Illustrations,” and venture no further. To the un- initiated such a paper as this will be sufficiently uninteresting and wearisome, even if not prolonged to an inordinate extent. Having had the effrontery to issue some 1,200 plates of these gill-bearing fungi, which has now been the persistent work of some years, with only about 12, or not more than 24 more to come, I may be excused from a desire to hold conference with the Wool- hope Club on some “ controverted Agarics,” and unbosom some of my doubts. Some of us old friends can hardly be expected to CONTROVERTED AGARICS. 39 meet many times more ; let us hope that we have each and all done something for the benefit of our successors, and that we shall leave the study of our favourite little corner in the science of botany better than we found it. Personally, I am thankful for all the encouragement and assistance which has been freely given to me by members of this Club in a long and anxious task. No one could have had more loyal and disinterested help. Had it not been for the Woolhope Club, and especially one of its most amiable and active members, whose loss we cannot cease to deplore, the “ Illustrations ” would never have been commenced, or brought so near to a successful close. Upon the conclusion of this paper the Rev. Canon Du Port said : — Ladies and gentlemen, — Dr. Cooke has just told us that it was at the suggestion of some members of the Woolhope Club, and especially of him whose memory, not only in this house, but also wherever the name of Woolhope is named, is still fresh and will always be respected and loved, that he was induced to under- take the publication of his “ Illustrations of British Fungi.” Not only every member of the Woolhope Club, but every mycologist also, is under the deepest obligation to Dr. Cooke for the produc- tion of this unprecedented work — the illustration not of a few pet species found by himself in all stages of growth, and hence easily determined, but the illustration of every species named in the author’s “ Handbook ” and “ quarumcunque aliarum.” The author has to-night confessed that there are a few mistakes in the 1,200 plates already published ; and I believe that there are a few more that he has not yet discovered. How could it be otherwise ? But this does not in any way detract from the credit due to the author for boldness, accuracy, and industry. Did ever anybody see a first, or even a second or a third edition of a book on Phanerogamous Botany without a very large number of mistakes and misprints ? How much more easily will errors creep in, with how much greater difficulty will they be discovered, in a work on Cryptograms ? The proofs of Dr. Cooke’s illustrations could not be corrected by look- ing into a dictionary for the spelling of a word, or into a herbarium for a specimen of a plant; a delicate tint not rendered quite correctly here, the omission of a letter there, a name wholly mis- placed, and the fact overlooked. How could all these be avoided ? Besides all this liability to error due to the mere production of the work, there are errors that have crept into our nomenclature, and that are still, probably in some cases, being handed down by tradition, owing to the method in which names are sometimes assigned to specimens. Fungi are for the most part putrescent in a very rapid manner ; they are seldom in a condition to be profit- ably studied some weeks after they have been gathered, at one’s leisure, with description and plates at one’s side. There were no figures in existence of a great many before Dr. Cooke’s, but they had often to be named by some master in the hunting field itself, and often amidst such a list of freshly-gathered specimens that it 40 CONTROVERTED AGARICS. is not to be wondered at if names were sometimes wrongly given; there was no time to discuss the specimen, and an erroneous tradition might possibly be handed down. The king of mycologists, Elias Fries himself, once misled the whole Woolhope Club by writing down through a mere lapsus calami, the word saginus for triumphans. As soon as I had mastered the ABC of the subject, I could not satisfy myself by resting so fully on tradition, and I am afraid at one time I earned a bad reputation as an incorrigible sceptic. The rectification of some names, such as that of Agaricus storea , to which Dr. Cooke has alluded this evening, was in some measure due to this sceptical spirit ; so perhaps I the more readily render the expression of my unbounded admiration at Dr. Cooke’s stupendous work and well -merited success, and foretell the higher honour still which all noble minds will offer to him because of his generous boldness in confessing thus publicly to the few errors to be found in his work. NEW BRITISH FUNGI. By M. C. Cooke. ( Continued from p. 8.) Agaricus (Armillaria) citzi, Inzengi Sic. t. 3, f. 1. Fries Hym. Fur. 46. Cooke Illus. t. 1181. Caespitose, pileus fleshy, thin (about 1 inch), rather umbonate, smooth, sulphur-yellow, margin crenulate, becoming whitish, stem slender (2-3 in. x 1-2 lines), apex whitish floccose, pallid, down- wards rufescent, ring spreading, thin, broad ; gills adnate, crowded, white. Odour of fresh meal. Spores minute, 5 x 4 p. On trunks. Kew. Agaricus (Clitocybe) occultus, Cooke Illus. Supp. t. 1184. Pileus fleshy, convex, then plane, and depressed, even, smooth, but innately virgate (5-7 c.m. diam.), viscid, pallid, smoky about the disc, whitish at the margin, stem equal, or slightly expanded above into the pileus, solid, white, striately fibrillose (4-6 c.m. long, 1 c.m. thick), often curved ; gills rather distant and broad (to 5 m.m.), adnate, a little decurrent, scarcely emarginate, white ; substance white, tough, cartilaginous. Gregarious on charred ground. Chingford, Nov., 1883. Near Ag. coffeatus. Agaricus (Collybia) eustygius, Cooke Illus. Supp. t. 1185. Pileus rather fleshy, convex, then plane, sometimes depressed (3-5 c.m. broad), even, smooth, becoming shining when dry, tough, dingy-white, a little darker about the disc, margin thin, smooth, occa- sionally flexuous, stem stuffed, rarely hollow, attenuated down- wards into a rooting base (5-8 c.m. long, 6-8 m.m. thick), white above, sprinkled with small punctate scales, darker below, and NEW BRITISH FUNGI. 41 often becoming fuliginous, somewhat longitudinally striate or fibrous ; gills rather broad, rounded behind, not crowded, dark grey. Spores white, globose, 4-6 p. Odour of rancid meal. Whole plant in drying becoming black. On the ground. Whitfield. Allied closely to Ag. rancidus. Agaricus (Wycena) consimilis, Cooke Illus. Supp. t. 1186. Gregarious. Pileus membranaceous, conically campanulate, soon with the margin reflexed (2^-3 c.m. broad), striate to the middle, at length splitting, smooth, opaque, cinereous with the umbo darker. Stem attenuated upwards, often compressed below, rather rigid, dry, smooth, paler than the pileus (4 c.m. long, 2 m.m. thick above, nearly twice as thick below), fistulose ; gills slightly adnate, nearly free, linear, scarcely crowded (2 m.m. broad), cinereous. Odour none. Amongst grass. Kew Gardens . Similar to Ag. leptocephalus. Lactarius involutus, Soppitt. Cooke Illus. t. 1194. Every part white, with pale ochraceous tinge. Pileus 1-2 in. across, firm, equally fleshy up to the margin, smooth, even, convex, becoming plane or slightly depressed, margin arched, strongly involute, extreme edge minutely silky ; gills subdecurrent, densely crowded, very narrow, sometimes forked ; spores white, pip-shaped, smooth, 5 X 3 p ; stem solid, equal or slightly incrassated below, glabrous, even, about 1 in. long by 3 lines thick ; milk not scanty, white, very hot, unchangeable. On the ground. Bolton Woods, Yorks. Resembling Lactarius vellereus in miniature, but with the pileus perfectly glabrous. Almost too near to Lactarius scoticus. Russula (Furcatae) virginea, C. Sp M. Cooke Illus. Supp. t. 1197. Mild. Pileus fleshy, firm, convex, then depressed (5 c.m. diam.), smooth, even, viscid when moist, polished when dry, margin even, snow white. Stem attenuated upwards, firm, solid (5 c.m. long, 2 c.m. thick at the base), finely rugulose ; gills very narrow, crowded, subdecurrent, repeatedly forked, connected by veins, brittle, as well as the stem, quite white. Spores globose, 4 p. On the ground, under trees, Burnham Beeches. Differing from R. lactea in the depressed pileus, rugose stem, and rather crowded, very narrow gills, as well as in the very minute spores. Peridermium coruscans, Fr. S. V. S. 510, Sacc. Syll. 2981. Pseudoperidia numerous, always longitudinally disposed, at first closed, ellipsoid, then membranaceous, whitish, tubulose, spreading at the apex, pale red; aecidiospores for the most part globose, subglobose, or subellipsoid, regular, golden yellow, 30-35 x 20- 24 p. Epispore thin, warted. On foliage of Abies pinsapo. Haslemere. 4 42 NEW BRITISH FUNGI. Glceosporium affine, Sacc. Syll. 3707. Spots variable in size and form, becoming bleached ; pustules scattered, mostly on the upper surface, at first covered with the blackened cuticle, then erumpent in tendrils, conidia cylindrically oblong, rounded at the ends, 14-20x4-6 yx, hyaline, on short filiform basidia. On leaves of Hoya and AEschynanlhus, in hothouses. Glasgow. ( D . A. Boyd.) Dactyl aria orchidis, CJce. fy Mass. Scattered. Hyphse single, erect, arising from a thin branched mycelium. Threads septate (250-280 yx high, 10-12 yx thick), rufous orange, divided at the apex into two or three short branches which are again shortly furcate. Conidia fusoid, quadrinucleate, then triseptate, hyaline (40-50 x 7-9 yx), solitary at the apex of all the branchlets, and forming a lax capitulum. On decaying leaf of Oncidium macranthum. Kew. BRITISH PYRENOMYCETES. By G. Massee. {Continued from 'page 14.) S. macularis, Fr., Sacc. Syll. 1873. On poplar leaves. Apethorpe. S. oedema, Fr., Sacc. Syll. 1885. On elm leaves. Darenth ; Wandsworth. S. cinerascens, Fckl ., Sacc. Syll. 1895; Hdbk. 2758. On hawthorn, ash, Sorbus, Pyrus , and Salix leaves. Shere ; Henlow, Beds. S. vaccinii, Cke ., Sacc. Syll. 1901 ; Hdbk. 2759. On leaves of Vaccimum myrtillus. Shere; Hurtwood, Surrey. S. brachy theca, Cke., Sacc. Syll. 1903. On leaves of Vaccinium vitis-idcea. Forres. ** On herbaceous plants. S. brassicicola, Duby., Sacc. Syll. 1939 ; Hdbk. 2768. On various cruciferous plants. Shrewsbury, Lincoln, Forden, Batheaston. S. microspila, B. Br., Sacc. Syll. 19 42 ; Hdbk. 2767. On leaves of Epilobium montanum. Perth ; Shere ; Forden. S. innumeralia, Karst., Sacc. Syll. 1957. On Comarum palustre. Shrewsbury. S. hieracii, Cke. fy Mass. On Hieracium pilosella. Tunbridge Wells. BRITISH PYRENOMYCETES. 43 S. isariphora, Ztesm., Sacc. Syll. 1792 ; Hdbk. 2763. On leaves of various species of Stellaria. Common. S. eryngii, Wallr., Sacc. Syll. 1976 ; Hdbk. 2761. On dead leaves of Eryngium. Hasbro’, Norfolk. S. rumicis, Desm ., Sacc. Syll. 1980 ; Hdbk. 2769. On living leaves of various species of Rumex. Common. S. plantaginis, Sollm ., Sacc. Syll. 1987. On Plantago media. King’s Lynn. S. pinodes, B. £ Blox., Sacc. Syll. 1989 ; Hdbk. 2732. On pea stems. Twycross. S. peregrina, Cke ., Sacc. Syll. 2011. On Rubia peregrina. Symonds Yat, Hereford. B. On Monocotyledons. S. allicina, Fr., Sacc. Syll. 2023 ; Hdbk. 2770. On Allium. Shere. S. brunneola, Fr., Sacc. Syll. 2026 ; Hdbk. 2777. On Tiger lily and Convallaria. Shere, Higligate, King’s Cliffe. S. iridis, Awd ., Sacc. Syll. 2031. On Iris leaves. Shrewsbury. S. chlouna, Cke ., Sacc. Syll. 2037. On Phalaris arundinacea . Shere. S.anarithma, B. <$• Br., Sacc. Syll. 2039 ; Hdbk. 2771. On Air a cccspitosa. Somerset. S. epistroma, Cke., Sacc. Syll. 6067. On straw. Norfolk. S. scirpi-lacustris, Awd., Sacc. Syll. 2053. On Scirpus. Lynn, N. Wootton. S. caricicola, Fckl., Sacc. Syll. 1642. On Carex. N. Wootton. S. typhse, Lasch , Sacc. Syll. 2060. On Typha latifolia. Terrington. C. On Acotyledons. S. pteridis, Desm., Sacc. Syll. 2061 ; Hdbk. 2765. On Pteris aquilina. King’s Cliffe ; Eccles, Norfolk ; Forden. S. aquilina, Fr ., Sacc. Syll. 2063. On Pteris aquilina. Darenth. S. filicum, Desm., Sacc. Syll. 2065. On Lastrcea jilix-mas. Shrewsbury. D. Species Imperfectly Known. S. corylaria, Wallr., Sacc. Syll. 2072. On hazel leaves. Shere. S. arbuti, Fr., Sacc. Syll. 2081. On Arbutus. Glencoe, N.B. 44 BRITISH PYREN0MYCETE8. R. atomus, Desm., Sacc. Syll. 2085. On beech leaves. Shere; Darenth ; Wrekin, Shropshire. S. aucupariac, Lasch., Sacc. Syll. 2086. On Sorbus ancuparia. Manchester; Trefriew, N. Wales. Sub-Gen. Epicymatia, FcJcl. Growing on Lichens, 1-3 septate. S. vulgaris, Fckl., Sacc. Syll. 2231. On Lecanora subfusca. Lynn. S. thallina, Cke., Sacc. Syll. 2234. On Physcia obscura. Eastbourne. S. thallophila, Cke., Sacc. Syll. 2238. On lichen thallus. Eastbourne ; Glen Shee. Gen. 3. SPHJERULINA. Sporidia 3 or many septate. S. myriadea, D.C., Sacc. Syll. 3254 ; Hdbk. 2752. On oak leaves. Shere, Albury, Neatishead. S. Leightoni, Berk., Sacc. Syll. 3532; Hdbk. 2764. On leaves of Linncea borealis. Glen Dole, Clova. S. helicicola, Desm ., Sacc. Syll. 3454. On ivy leaves. Carlisle. S. hederae, Sow., Sacc. Syll. 3455; Hdbk. 2744. On ivy leaves. Shere. S. empetri, Fr., Sacc. Syll. 3463. On Empetrum nigrum. Shropshire ; Scotland. AUSTRALIAN FUNGI. (Continued from p. 5.) Polyporus (Lign) subzonalis, Cooke. Suberous, rather thin, rigid, sessile. Pileus reniform, or laterally connate (2-3 in. diam.), pubescent, at length smooth, radiately rugose, faintly concentrically zoned, with numerous linear zones, wholly cream-coloured, substance similar, margin acute, strongly incurved, hymenium nearly of the same colour, pores punctiform, rounded, ^ p diam. On wood. (Daintree River) Queensland. Differs from P. zonalis in the paler, more pubescent pileus, whitish hymenium, shorter tubes, and larger pores. Fomes (Fomentarii) concavus, Cooke. Pileus very hard, convexo-flattened, semi- orbicular, deeply decurrent and effused behind, becoming nearly black, concentri- cally sulcate, and somewhat rugose or tuberculate (4-6 in. diam.), AUSTRALIAN FUNGI. 45 comparatively thin (f-f inch), covered with a hard crust. Sub- stance very thin and floccose, together with the elongated, stratose tubes, wood-coloured, pores very minute, round, regular punctiform, scarcely visible. Hymenium concave, pale ochraceous ; margin thin, incurved, flexuous, sterile. On trunks. Johnstone River, Queensland. Allied to F. sulcatus , Cooke. * Hydnum (Carnosi) crocidens, Coolce. Mesopod. Pileus fleshy, thin, plane, rather umbilicate, smooth, even (1-lf in. diam.), ochraceous yellow ; stem central, slender, equal, even, or longitudinally striate, when dry, smooth, of the same colour as the pileus (If in. long, 2-3 m.m. thick). Spines rather long, aculeate, reaching the stem, but scarcely decurrent, shorter towards the margin, flexible, golden yellow ; spores subglo- bose, 4-5 p. On the ground. Port Phillip. Scleroderma umbrina, Cke. Sf Mass. Stipitate, peridium globose (2f-3 c.m. diam.), coarsely rugulose below (when dry), very thin, fragile, and perfectly glabrous above, breaking away irregularly, dirty pale ochre, darkest below ; stem equal (2f c.m. long, f c.m. or more thick), coarsely and irregularly furrowed (when dry), dark brown, passing downwards into a dense bulbose mass of intricate mycelium ; mass of gleba dark umber- brown ; spores globose echinulate, brown, 10 p diam. ; dissepiments almost obsolete at maturity. On the ground. Queensland. Dothidea (Bagnisiella) rugulosa, Cooke. Epiphyllous, or hypophyllous, gregarious, globose, black, rugulose (f-f m.m.), cells peripherical, minute ; asci oblong, eight spored ; sporidia cylindrically elliptical, hyaline, 22-25 x 4 p. On leaves of Eucalyptus. Melbourne. ( Martin 203.) *Xsaxia suffruticosa, Cke. Sf Mass. Subcaespitose, white, 3 c.m. high ; stem distinct, simple, smooth or slightly farinose, upwards branched and divided ; branches slender, interwoven, with lateral branchlets up to the acute tips ; ultimate threads bearing the conidia singly at the apex of short sterigmata, minute, narrowly ellipsoid, 4-5 x If p. On hairy caterpillar. New England, Australia. (A. R. Craw- ford.) Strumella sacchari, Cooke. Pustules gregarious, erumpent, black, patelloid or subclavate, with a short stem-like base, or cylindrical-multiform (f m.m. diam.) hyphse short, hyaline, simple ; conidia cylindrically elliptical, con- tinuous, pale fuscous, 10-12 x 3 p. On sugar cane. Queensland. {Bailey 871.) Agaricus (Mycena) flavovirens, Cke. Sf Mass. Pileus membranaceous, obtusely campanulate (f to 1 c.m. broad and high), yellowish green, faintly striate when moist, smooth, 46 AUSTRALIAN FUNGI. stem slender, erect, smooth, even, fistulose, paler than the pileus (2-2^ c.m. long, scarcely 1 m.m. thick). Gills broadly adnate, not crowded, plane lemon yellow. Spores minute, 5-6 x 3 /x, white. On tree ferns. Victoria. {Mrs. Martin , 524.) Agaxicus (Flammula) xubxa, Cke. Sf Mass. Pileus fleshy, convex, at length depressed, apparently dry, smooth, even, shining (2J c.m. broad), red, with a tinge of purple; stem equal, hollow smooth, paler than the pileus (4 c.m. long, 4 m.m. thick). Gills rather broad, not crowded, adnate, with a decurrent tooth, at first coloured like the pileus, then dusted with the ferruginous spores, which are elliptic, 7x4 /x. Flesh, and substance of the gills, permanently roseate. On the ground. Oakleigh, Victoria. (Mrs. Martin , 526.) CHA1NOSEEMA, Mass. (». g .) Peridium elongato-fusiform or clavate, tapering into a short stem-like base, wall rather thick, consisting of a single stratum; columella thick, compact, passing quite through the peridium, and firmly attached to the apex ; the cavity between the columella and the outer wall is occupied by the gleba, consisting of numerous interwoven septate hyphae, bearing clusters of tetrasporous clavate basidia at intervals ; spores unicellular, coloured. Dehiscence is effected by the splitting of the central portion of the wall into longitudinal shreds, due to the shortening of the columella. Allied to Podaxis in the structure of the gleba, distinguished by the unmistakable tetrasporous basidia bearing the spores on dis- tinct sterigmata, also in the peculiar mode of dehiscence; in the present genus the gleba is not lacunose as in Secotium. Chainodexma Dxummondii, Mass. Clavato-fusiform (5-6 c.m. high, by 1*5 c.m. at widest part), peridium dingy brown, smooth, even, columella pale ; mass of spores dingy brown ; basidia 50 x 12 /x, clavate, fasciculate; spores broadly elliptical, with the remains of the sterigma usually per- sistent, epispore thick, smooth, 10x8 /x. Secotium Drummondii, Berk, in Herb. On the ground. Swan River. (Drummond.) The peridium never becomes free from the stem at the base, as in Podaxis , but on the shortening of the columella, due to contrac- tion, is bulged outwards and split into ongitudinal shreds, leaving gaping chinks through which the sporels escape. Fuccinia xuxnicis-scutati (D.C.), Winter Pilze 187, Sacc. Syll. VI., 2214. Sori scattered, or disposed in a circle, irregularly rounded, or (on stems and petioles) elongated, girt by the torn epidermis, brown. Uredospores ellipsoid or ovoid, rarely globose or oblong (26-40x20-28 fx), aculeate, yellow-brown ; teleutospores oblong, or clavate, a little constricted in the middle or not at all, incras- sated at the apex, rounded or somewhat attenuated, narrowed at AUSTRALIAN FUNGI. 47 the base into the pedicel (38-56x 16-28 p), slightly brown; pedicel long, persistent brown. var. Muhlenbeckiae. On the upper surface, scattered, sori at first bullate. Teleuto- spores constricted, each cell somewhat triangular (36 X 12 p). On leaves of Muhlenbeckia adpressu. Victoria. {Mrs. Martin , 437.) Zignoella australica, Clce. 8f Mass. Peritheciis sparsis, semi-immersis, subconicis, basi ligno in- sculptis, pertusis, atris (\ m.m. diam.). Ascis cylindraceis, sub- stipitatis, octosporis, sporidiis arcte fusiformibus, 5-7 septatis, hyalinis (40 x4 yu) , ad septa non constrictis. On naked wood. Victoria. (Mrs. Martin.) Phyllosticta soriformis, Clce. Sf Mats. Spots brown, orbicular, with a darker margin (2 m.m. diam), on both surfaces. Perithecia minute, aggregated in the centre of the spots, rather prominent, piercing the cuticle (resembling super- ficially some Uredine). Sporules elliptic (4-5x2 p), pale amber colour, hyaline. On leaves of some Proteacece . Victoria. {Mrs. Martin , 518.) Septoria phyllodiorum, Clce. # Mass. Perithecia densely gregarious, on both surfaces, without definite spots, often occupying the whole surface, immersed, covered by the cuticle, globose-depressed, black, pierced at the apex. Sporules cylindrical, obtuse at the ends, multinucleate, then 3-5 septate, hyaline, 40 x 3 p. On phyllodes of Acacia longifolia. Victoria. (Mrs. Martin , 532.) Marsonia acaciae, Clce. 8[ Mass. Spots irregular, or confluent, pallid or whitish, with a brown margin (^-1 c.m. long). Pustules gregarious on the spots, at length splitting the cuticle irregularly, and ejecting the conidia in tendrils. Conidia cylindrical, rounded at the end, arcuate or sigmoid, or flexuous, uniseptate, 40x8 p, hyaline, pale brownish, with granular contents. On phyllodes of Acacia. Victoria. (Mrs. Martin , 506.) FUNGI OF NEW ZEALAND. By M. C. Cooke. Secotium virescens, Mass. Peridium ovate, apex acute, basal portion at first attached to the stem, becoming free and expanding, wall coriaceous, even, smooth and shining, pale green ; stem below basal attachment of peridium short, incrassated, tapering upwards, solid, smooth and even, yellowish at the base ; gleba bright ferruginous orange, cavities small, sub-equal and regular, septa thin ; basidia large, 48 FUNGI OF NEW ZEALAND. clavate tetrasporous, sterigmata slender, elongated ; spores elliptic- oblong, smooth, bright rusty-orange, 18-20x7-8 /x. On the ground. New Zealand. (Colenso,722 b) ; (Kirk, 337.) Peridium 3x2 c.m., stem below basal margin of peridium, *5 c.m. long. Resembling S. acuminatum in shape, but smaller, and differing in colour, polished peridium, and more especially in the spores. A portion of the type specimen of A. acuminatus sent by Montagne to Berkeley has pale olive, broadly elliptical spores measuring 5-6 x 4 /X. Uredo inflata, Cooke. Amphigena. Soris irregularibus, bullatis, din tectis (2 mm. long), pallidis. Uredosporis subglobosis, laevibus (18x14 /x ). hyalinis, vix tinctis (siccis) episporio crassis, pedicello brevi. On living leaves of Ligusticum latifolium. Campbell Island, New Zealand. (Kirk, 346.) Uredo Oleariae, Cke. Hypophylla. Maculis nullis. Soris subrotundatis, subgregariis, mox apertis, pulverulentibus, aureo-fuscis (1 m.m. diam.). Uredo- sporis globoso-ovatis, laevibus, pallido flavidis (22 x 15 f), breviter pedicellatis. On living leaves of Olearia Jjyallii. Port Ross, New Zealand. (Kirk, 374.) Diatrype elliptica, Cooke fy Mass. Stromatibus ellipticis (7 x 2^-3 m.m.), atris, opacis, rugulosis. Ostiolis inconspicuis, matrici basi insculptis, lineo nigro in matrici profunde circumscriptis, contextu pallidis ; peritheciis magnis, paucis, ascis cylindraceis, stipitatis, octosporis. Sporidiis linearibus, rectis vel curvulis, utrinque rotundatis, uniseriatis, 12x5 /x hyalinis. ( >n decorticated branches. Hawkes’ Bay, New Zealand. (T. Kirk , 367.) Rhytisma (Cocconia) discoidea, Cke. Sf Mass. Orbicularis, convexa (1-1^ m.m. diam.) atra, glabra, subnitida, intus olivacea. Ascis clavatis, subsessilibus, octosporis, sporidiis oblongis, uniseptatis, medio leniter constrictis, dilute olivaceis, 22 x 5 fx. On leaves of Veronica elliptica. New Zealand. (Kirk, 338.) Erinella hyalopoda, Cke. S[ Mass. Stipitata, gregaria vel sparsa, alba. Cupula cyathiformia, (1-1^ m.m. high, \ m.m. broad), tenui, pilis deciduis brevibus, flaccidis ornata, stipite gracili, elongato, hyalino, ad basim incras- sato, saepe sursum furcato. Ascis cylindraceo-clavatis (150 x 10 /x). Sporidiis inordinatis, bacillaribus, multinucleatis (35 x 2-3 /x) paraphysibus sursum acutis. On dead Phormium. New Zealand. (T. Kirk , 340.) Zsaria aggregata, Cke. Sf Mass. Caespitosa, stromatibus basi incrassatis, confluentibus, sursum subacutis, simplicibus, rarissime furcatis, subinde compressis FUNGI OF NEW ZEALAND. 49 flexuosisve (1 c.m. longis) in corticem fasciculato-erumpentibns, fasciculis gregariis, cinereis, glaucescentibus, conidiis albidis, 3x2 fx. On Mahoe bark. Mount Egmont, New Zealand. ( Kirk , 351.) Stemphylium insidens, CTce. Sf Mass. Effusum, atro-fuscum. Hyphis tenuibus, effusis, ramosis, conidiis ad apicem ramulorum solitariis, ellipticis, triseptatis, ad septa constrictis, uno alterove cellulo longitudinaliter divisis, atro- fuscis 18-20 x 8 fi. On leaves of Pleurophyllum speciosum. Campbell Island. {Kirk, 341.) SCLERODEPSIS. By M. C. Cooke. There are a few species hitherto included under the genus Trametes which are only there by sufferance, and do not accord with the character of that genus as now understood. For these we have proposed a new location under the generic name which one of its finest species has borne as its specific designation, as follows : — SCLERODEPSIS, G-en. nov. Pileus flattened, usually scutate at the base, hard, woody, thin ; margin acute ; substance of pileus thin, continuous with the hymenium ; pores large, rounded or angular, sometimes confluent and elongated, not stratose, edge acute, sometimes dentate. = Trametes , in part. To this genus belongs — Sclezodepsis colliculosa (BerJc.). = Trametes colliculosa, Sacc. Syll. 6237. Sclezodepsis Bezkeleyi, Cooke. — Trametes sclerodepsis, Berk ., Sacc. Syll. 6209. Sclezodepsis lobata (Berk.). = Trametes lobata, Berk., Sacc. Syll, 6208. Sclezodepsis Beyzichii (Fries). = Trametes Beyrichii, Fries., Sacc. Syll. 6201. The principal features in which the species composing this genus recede from Trametes consist in the acute edge of the pileus, the acute dissepiments of the pores (not thick and rounded), which are sometimes dentate, characters incompatible with Trametes, in which we conceive an important characteristic to be “ pores obtuse, entire.” 50 SYNOPSIS PYRENOMYCETUM. {Continued from Vol. xviii., p. 80.) Fam. 17. MICROTHYRIACEiE, Sacc. Perithecia sub- superficialia, membranacea vel carbonacea, dimidiata, applanata, contextu radiato, centro pertuso vel astoma. Gen. 1. IYXlCROTHYRIurvT . Peritbecia membranacea. 5856. 5857. 5858. 5859. 5860. 5861. 5862. 5863. 5871. 5872. 5873. 5874. 5875. 5876. 5877. 5878. 5879. 5880. 5881. 5882. 5883. 5884. 5885. * Myiocopron, Speg. Sporidia continua. corrientinum, Speg. 5352 dilatatum, B. 4 Br. 5353 coffeinum, Ces. ... 5354 granulatum, 5355 oleandri, Pass. ... 5356 ilicinum, Be Not... 5357 vaccinii, De Not... 5358 smilacis, De Not. . . . 5359 5864. orbiculare, Cooke... 5360 5865. cubense, B. 4 C.... 5361 5866. orchidearum, AT