INDEX I. In which die Plants contained in the Fourth Fafciculus are arranged according to the Syftem of Linnsos. Latin Name. 1 Hippuris vulgaris • ■ - — 2 Veronica montana 3 Valeriana dioica ■ 4 Scirpus maritimus ■ . ■ 5 Panicum viride ■ - - — 6 Panicum verticillatum — 7 Panicum fanguinale ■ 8 Panicum crus galli , 9 Eriophorum polyftachiou 10 Eriophorum vaginatum 1 1 Holcus lanatus 1 2 Milium effulti m 13. Scabiofa arvenfis 14 Plantago media — 1 5 Afperula odorata ■ 16 Cynogloffum officinale 1 7 Menyanthes trifoliata 18 Symphytum officinale ■ J 9 Vinca major —so Samolus valerandi 21 Campanula rotundifolia 22 Chironia Centaurium 23 Cheuopodium hybridum . — 24 Bunium Bulbocaftanum 25 Chaerophyllum fylveftre • - - 26 Myolurus minimus > ■ ■ 27 Peplis. Portula . » — — 28 Polygonum amphibium ■ — 29 Polygonum Conyolvulus. 30 Silene anglica ■ 3 1 Arenaria trinqrvia — ; — 32 Arenaria ferpyllifolia : 33 Sedum fqxangulare » — 34 Spergula nodola — 35 Spergula faginoideg 36 Euphorbia exigua . 37 Clematis Vitalija 38 Ranungulus repens 39 Ranunculus hederaceus — 40 Galeobdolon Gajeopiis . 41 Stacljys arvpnfis 42 Prupella vulgaris . 43 Scutellaria mjnor • 44 Orobaqche majQr — 45 Antirrhinum Orontium 46 Raphanus Raphaniltrum 47 Turritis glabra — 48 Cardaminq hirfuta 49 Ger apium pratenle _5o Malva mpfchata. 51 TrifQlium glomeratum — *— 52 Hypericum quadrangulum 53 Sonch.us arvenfis 54 Hieraqium Pilplella * 55 A r ditum Lappa ■ 56 Cichorium Intybus 857 Bidens tripartita 58 Jalione montana 59 Oph/ys fpicalis Carex riparia 61 Carex acuta 62 Carex gracilis 63 Parietaria officinalis 64 Equijetum arvenfe 6j Bryum barbatum 66 Phafcum acaulon 67 Phafcum 1'ubulatum 68 Jungermannia complanata 69 Agaricus procerus 70 Agaricus velutipes 7 1 Agaricus floccolus „2 Boletus lucidus . L -i Phallus caninus Clafs and Order. Monandria Monogynia. Di ANDRi a Monogynia. Tri Andria Monogynia. Triandria Digynia. j. Tetrandria Monogynia. | Pentandria Monogynia. | Pentandria Digynia. PentandriA Polygynia. Hexandria Monogynia. Octandria Digynia. Oct andria Trigyhia. | Decandria Ttigynia. | Decandria Pentagyma. Dodecandri a "Lrigynia. j. Polyandria Polygynia. 1 Didynamia Gymnofpermia. Di dynami A Angiofpermia. 1 Tetradynamia Siliquofa. Mon ADELPHI A Decandria. Monadelphia Polyandria. Di Adelphi A Decandria. Poly adelphi a Polyandria. I Synge'nesia Polygamia JEqualis. Syngenesia Monogamia Gynandria Di andria. Monoecia Triandriai Polygamia Monoecia. Cryptogamia Filices. , Cryptogamia Mufci. Cryptogamia Fungi. index II. index III. Latin Names of the Plants in the Fourth Fafciculus, arranged alphabetically. Englifli Names of the Plants in the Fourth Faf- ciculus, arranged alphabetically. Afperula odorata Plate. l5 Arenaria trinervia 3 1 Arenaria ferpyllifolia • • 3- Antirrhinum Orontium 45 Arctium Lappa 55 Agaricus procerus 69 Agaricus velutipes 7° Agaricus floccoius . . 71 Bunium Bulbocaflanum • • 24 Bidens tripartita 57 Bryum barbatum 65 Boletus lucidus 72 Cynogloflum officinale . 16 Campanula rotundifolia . . 21 Chironia Centaurium . . . 22 Chenopodium hybridum 23 Chierophyllum lylveflre 25 Clematis Vitalba 37 Cardamine hirfuta . . 48 Cichorium Intybus 56 Carex riparia . 60 Carex acuta . 61 Carex gracilis . . 62 Eriophorum polyftachion • . 9 Eviophorum yaginatum . . 10 Equiietum arvcnfe 64 Euphorbia exigua . 36 Geranium pratenfe . . 49 Gaieobdolon Galeopfis . . 40 Holcus lanatus . 1 1 Plypericum quadrangulum • 52 Hieracium Pilofella 54 . . 1 Hippuris vulgaris jafione montana , . • 58 Jungermannia complanata 68 Milium effufum . . . . 12 Menyanthes trifoliata . - y A -Tlf7,4>; Myolurus minimus . . 26 Malva mofchata . . 50 Ophrys fpiralis 59 Orobanche major 44 Panicum viride . . ' • 5 Panicum verticillatum 6 Panicum fanguinale 7 Panicum Crus galli . . 8 Plantago media 14 Peplis Portula -27 Polygonum amphibium 2'8 Polygonum Convolvulus 29 Prunella vulgaris 42 Parietaria officinalis 63 Phafcum acaulon 66 Phafcum fabulatum 67 Phallus caninus 73 Ranunculus repens . . 38 Ranunculus hederaceus 39 Raphanus Raphaniltrum 46 Scirpus maritimus 4 Scabiola arveniis . . 13 Symphytum officinale 18 Samolus valerandi 20 Silene anglica . . . . 3° Spergula nodofa 34 Spergula faginoides 35 Sedum fexangnlare * 33 Stachys arveniis 41 Scutellaria minor 43 Sonchus arvcnfis 53 Turritis glabra 47 Trifolium glomeratum 51 Veronica montana ■ . 2 Valeriana dioica 3 Vinea major 19 Archangel yellow Bryum bearded Buckwheat climbing Buckbean Broom-rape common Bell-flower heath Boletus lacquer’d Burdock . . , Carex great or common Carex acute Carex flender-fpiked Ci.ub-rush round-rooted or lea Cow-parsly common Chickweed plantain-leaved Chickweed thyme- leaved Catch-fly Englilh Cranes-bill crowfoot Crowfoot ivy-leaved Crowfoot creeping Centaury Comfrey Cotton-grass many-headed Cotton-grass fingle-headed Earth-nut Goose-foot thorn-apple-leaved Hounds-tongue Hooded- willow-herb fmall Horse-tail corn Hemp- agrimony trifid . Jungermannia flat Ladies-smock hairy Ladies-traces 'Mouse- tail Mouse-ear Mares-tail Mushroom lhaggy Mushroom vclvct-ilalked - Mushroom tall Millet-grass wood -Mallow mulk . . Morell red-headed Purslane water PhasCUm common PhasCum heath Panic-grass green Panic-grass rough Panic-Grass loole Panic-grass cocksfoot Plantain hoary Persicaria amphibious Perrywinkle great Pellitor y of the wall Radish wild Speedwell mountain St. Joiin’s-wort fquare-ftalk’d Selfheal Soft-grass meadow Snap-dragon fmall Scabious field Sowthistle corn Spukry knotted Spurry pearl wort Stachys corn Spurge fmall Sheeps-scabious hairy Succory blue Stonecrop infipid. Tower-mustard fmooth Travellers joy Trefoil round-headed Valerian marlh Woodruff .... Water-pimpernel round-leaved Flate. 40 65 29 *7 44 21 72 55 60 6r 62 4 25 3i 3Z 3° 49 39 38 23 16 43 64 57 68 48 59 26 54 1 71 70 69 5® 73 27 66 67 5 6 8 7 H 28 J9 63 46 52 42 n 45 1 3 53 3+ 35 4r 36 53 56 33 47 37 5i 3 *5 20 Hippuris vulgaris. Mares-tail, HIPPURIS Lin. Gen. VI. Monandria Monogynia, Cal. o. Petala o. Stigma fimplex. Sent, i . Raii Syn . Gen . 5. Herb;e flore imperfecto seu stamineo vel /.petalo potius. HIPPURIS vulgaris. Lin. Syjl. Vegetab. p. 51. Sp. Pl. p. 6. FI. Suec. n. 2. PINASTELLA. Dillen.Nov. Gen. p. 168. LTMNOPEUCE. Haller. Hift. p. 264. Vaillant. Mera, de 1'Acad. anno 1716, t. 1. f. 3. POLYGONUM fasmina. Matth. in Diofc. p. 933. Dodon. Pcnipt. p. 113. EQUISETUM paluftre brevioribus foliis polyfpcrmon. C.B.piti, 15. EQUISETUM paluftre alterum brevioribus fetis. Park. 1200. CAUDA EQUINA ftemina. Ger. emac. 1114. Raii Syn. p. 136. Hudf9tt.Fl. Angi. ed. 2. p. 2. Ligbtfoot FI. Scot. p. 70. RADIX perennis, repens, geniculata, alba, geniculis plu- rimis fibris capillata. CAULES plurimi, felquipedales et ultra, erecli, fimplices. glabri, ftriati, teretes, lpongioti, fg. 1. me- dulla filiformi, compacta, in radicibus tenaci. FOLIA verticillata, octo circiter, brevia, linearia, gla- berrima, avenia, ad lentem pun&ata, punctis excavatis. PLORES hermaphroditi plerumque, prefertim vere, ad finem reflatis plures Femineos obfervavi, axil- lares, fefliles. CALYX nullus. COROLLA nulla. STAMEN : Filamentum unicum, apici germinis in- fidens, primo breviftimum, demifib polline lon- gitudine piftilli. Antiiera biloba, purpuraf- cens, majufcula, fg. 2, 3. PISTILLUM ; Germen oblongum. Stylus 'brevifli- mus, nudus. Stigma fubulatum, album, ad lentem villofum, fg. 4, 5, 6. PERICARPIUM nullum. SEMEN unicum, oblongum, nudum, fubofteum, intus album, medio fulcum, membrana feu arillo tenui obtectum, fg. 7, 8, 9. | ROOT perennial, Creeping, joihted and white, the joint. * furmihed with numerous capillary fibres. I STALKS numerous, a foot and a half or more in height upright, Ample, (booth, (Mated, round' * fpung y.fg- '• the pith like a thread in th I center, compaft, audio the roots tough. -LEAVES growing in whirls, about eight in numbei fllort, linear, perfeftly (booth, without veins, dotted when magnified, the dots appearing > hollow. .FLOWERS for the moil part hermaphrodite, efpecialh m the (pring, at the cloib of tile fummer ' . have obferved many of them to be female * „ 6rowing in the alieaf the leaves, and feflije. I CALYX none. $ COROLLA none. I STAMEN : a fingle Filament, fitting on the top o> i the germen, at firft very (hort, on fheddinr * the pollen becoming as long as the piftilluin Antkera compoled of two lobes, purplift t and rather large, fg. 2, 3. I PISTILLUM: Germen oblong. Style very fhort. 4 naked. Stigma tapering to a point, white l and downy when magnified, fig. 4. r 6 I SEED- VESSEL none. 5 I SEED fingle, oblong, naked, hard, white within, and in the center brown, covered with a thin mem brane or arilhis, fg. 7, 8, 9. Greater fimplicity in the conftruclion of a flower can fcarcely cxift than in the Hippuris. Here we have neither calyx, corolla, nor leed-veflcl ; and thofe parts which are univerfally contidered as eflential to the fructification are in the prefent inftance as few as poffible, there being only one ftamen, with its correfponding piftillum, yet perfect feed, and that in conliderable quantity, 'is produced. > j it The Hippuris here deferibed, which takes its name from the Greek five Cauda equina, is not the Hippuris of the firft Botanifts. They applied the term to our Equifetum , the Hippuris of LiNnasus is the Polygonum lamina of Dioscorides, and arranged by his commentator Matthiolus with our Polygonum aviculare ssxid Herniaria Succeeding Botanifts imagining, from the growth of its leaves, or from its producing feed, that it had better pretenfions to be ranked with the Equifetum , ablurdly enough called it Cauda equina j'amma, to which Mr. Hudson could not well avoid giving the Englilh name of Mares-tail. Although common in many parts of Great Britain^ this plant is very rare about London , Mr. Hudson mentions it as growing in a part of the New River near Harnjcy , where it may ftiil be found. It flowers and produces its feeds from June to Augujl. In running ftreams it is frequently extended to a great length ; and we have been informed, that in fome rivers it is an exceedingly troublelome weed, which we can the more readily believe, having experienced its roots t_> b ■ of the moft powcrlully creeping kind. A tranfverfe feclion of its ftalk is a beautiful microfcopic objeift. On examining this plant we have fometimes found its flowers to be female only. Y Veronica montana. Mountain Speedwell. VERONICA Lin. Gen. PI. Diandria Monogynia. Cor. Limbo 4 partito, lacing infimi anguffiore. Caffuht bilocularis. RaiiSyn. Gen. r8. Hirba; pructu Sicco singulari plore monopetalo. VERONICA Montana racemis lateral.bus .paucifloris, calycibus hirfutis, foliis ovatis rugofis crenatis petiolatis, caule debili. Lin. Syfi. Vegetab. Sp. PI. p. ^6. VERONICA caule procumbente, foliis hirfutis, cordatis, retufis, racemis paucifloris. Haller. MU n* 53 9* J ’ CHAMbEDR Y I fpuriai affinis rotundifolia fcutellata. Bauh. fin. 249. ALYStiON Diofcoridis montanum. Col. Er.ph. i. 28^. VERONICA Cbamtedryoides, foliis pediculis oblongis infldentibus. Rail Sen. p. 2Sr mander with Leaves (landing on long Foot-ftalks. J Wild Ger- Lightfoot FI. Scot. p. 6. Hudfon. FI. Angl. ed. 2. p. 74. RADIX perennis, fibrofa, fibrillis prafiongis, fufcis. CAULES procumbentes, verfus bafin fas pe radicantes, teretes, pilis mollibus undique hirfuti, pur- purafcentes. FOLIA oppofita, petiolata, ovato-cordata, obtufiufcula, inzequaliter ferrata, hirfutula, nitidula, fub- tus purpurafcentia. parum concava et bullata. PETIOLI longitudine fere folioi’em, hirfutiffimi. RACEMI laterales, alterni, fubinde oppofiti, tenues, hirfuti, pauciflori. PEDUNCULI alterni, hirfuti, bra£teea lanceolata fuf- fulti. CALYX: Perianthium tetraphyllum, foliolis fubte- qualibus, ovatis, bafi anguftatis, hirfutis, pilis ad lentem globuligeris. fig. 1. COROLLA monopetala, rotata, ex purpureo-casrulef- cens, fuprema lacinia faturatius colorata, una cum lateralibus venis caeruleis pidta, in- fimi minore immaculata, tubus breviffimus, albus, jig. 2. STAMINA : Filamenta duo, tubo corollae inferta, bafi albida, curvata, medio crafliora ; Anthe- Rje caeruleae ; Pollen album. Jig. 3. PISTILLUM: Germen obovatum, hirfutum ; Sty- lus fuperne fenfim incraffatus ; Stigma capitatum, album. Jig. 4. 5. PERICARP1UM : Capsula magna, orbiculata, emar- ginata, comprefla. Jig. 6. SEMINA pauca, ovata, plana, flavefcentia. Jig. 7. ROOT perennial and fibrous, the .fibres very long and brown . STALKS procumbent, often .taking root towards the bal'e, round, covered with foft hairs, and purplifh. LEAVES oppofite, ftanding on footfialks, ovato-cor- date, a little blunt, unequally ferrated, flightly hairy, fomewhat filming, purplifh underneath, a little hollow and cockled. LEAF-STALKS almoft the length of the leaves, and very hairy. FLOWER -BRANCHES lateral, alternate, fometimes oppofite, (lender, hairy, fupporting few flowers. FLOWER-STALKS alternate, hairy, fupported by a narrow floral-leaf. CALYX : a Perianthium compofed of four leaves, which are nearly equal, ovate, narrowed at the bale, hairy, the hairs globular at the ex- tremity when magnified, fig 1. COROLLA monopetalous, wheel-fhaped, of a blueifh purple colour, the uppermoft fegment more deeply coloured than the others, and together with the fide ones ftreakt with blue veins, the lowermoft leaft without any veins, the tube very Ihort and white, fig. 2. STAMINA ; two Filaments, inferred into the tube of the corolla, whitifh at the bafe, bent, thickeft in the middle; Anthers blue; Pollen white. Jig. 3. PISTILLUM : Germen inverfely ovate, hairy ; Style towards the top gradually thickened ; Stig- ma forming afmall white head. fig. 4. r. SEED-VESSEL : a large, round, flat Capsule nicked at top. jig. 6. SEEDS few, ovate, flat and yellowifh. fig. 7. The Veronica montana is very fimilar in its general appearance to the Chamadrys , and of which, by fome au- thors, it has been considered as only a variety but this has arifen from a very fuperficial enquiry, as no two plants can be more diftinft ; Linnaeus might indeed have fele&ed a fpecific charadter. which would effectually' have removed every doubt of this kind, viz. the fhape and fize of the feed veflels, thefe in the montana are at leaf! thrice as large as thofe of the chamadrys , they are alfo much rounder and flatter, while the flower on the contrary are not more than half as large, and much lefs Ihowy; when we have not thefe characters to aflift us, the flails and leaves will in general be fufficient, in the chamadrys the hairs grow on two fides . f the tialk only, in the montana they grow all around it, in the chamadrys the leaves are generally l'eflile, 111 the montana they ftand on footftalks. Thefe two plants differ alfo in their places of growth, the montana , fo far as I have obferved it. preferring moift and lhady fituations, whence the term montana feems ill-applied to it ; near London, it is found plenti- fully in Charlton Wood, behind the Church, and flowers in June and July. : - ■ Valeriana Dioica. Marsh Valerian. VALERIANA Liwuri Geru. Plant. Tiiandria Mosogvnia. Cal. o Car. i. petala, bafi hinc gibba, fupera. Sm. t. VALERIANA 'dialca floribus triaodris dioicis foliis pinnatis integerrimis. Lm. Syjt. Vtgitah. Sp. Pl.p. 44. FI. Suec. n. 35. VALERIANA foliis radicalibus petiolat-is ovatis ; caulinis pinnatis, fera diftinfta. Haller, hjft. 208. VALERIANA dioica, Scopoli FI. Cam. n. 40. VALERIANA paluftris minor. Bauhin. p. 1 64-. VALERIANA minor. Ger. em. 1075, ■ VALERIANA fylveftris minor. Park? 122. Pali Syn. p. 200. Small wild Valerian, or Marih Valerian. Haifon. FI. Angl ei. 4. p, i2. Lightjoot FI. Scot. j). -85. RADIX perennis, geniculata, repens, craflitie pennae co- ' racis, albida, rubore aliquando titwSta, odore fub- aromatico valerianic iylveftris. CAULIS pedalis nut fefquipedalis, ere&us, (implex, tetra- gonus, ftriatus, laevis ; rami pauci, ftriati. FOLIA oppofita, radicalia integerrima, ovata, obtufa, cau- , lina pauca, pinnatifida, pinnis duodecim circiter, : venofis, obtufe ferratis. FLORES fubcorymbofi, rubelli, dioici, femineis multo ; minoribus, fig. i. flor, femin. magn. uat.Jfg. 2. ; flor. mafe. ■ BRACTEAE plurimae, lanceolate, floribus fubjeiftae. . Flos Femin. CALYX vix ullus, margo fuperus. fig. 7. COROLLA monopetala, tubus a latere inferiore gibbus, ; neteariferus ; limbus quiquefidus, laciniis ob-: tufis, fubequalibus ; antherarum rudimenta; intra tubum cernantur. PISTILLUM: Germen inferum, ovatum, compreffum, . fulcatum, longitudine fere corollas; Stylus' albus, fuperne paulo incrafliitus, corolla paulo : longior, obliquus ; Stigma trifidum, fig. 6, 7, ' 8, 9. : SEMEN ovato- oblongum, pallide fufeum, hinc carina- : tum, illinc trinerve, pappo pilofo coronatum.' 0 fig. 11,12, 1 3. Flos Masc. CALYX et corolla ficut in fem. fig. 2. STAMINA : Filamenta tria, filiformia, corolla lon- giora; Antherje albe; leu pallide rubentes, fig. 5. Piftillum imperfectum in centro floris. fig- io- - ROOT perennial, jointed, creeping* the thicknefs of a crow-quill, white, fometimes tinged with red, having nearly the fame aromatic lmell as the \ wild valerian. \ STALK a foot, or a foot and a half high, upright, un- branched, four-cornered, ftriated and fmootjj ; \ branches, few and ftriated. • LEAVES oppofite, the radical ones entire, ovate, obtufe, > thofe of the (talk Lew, pinnatifid, pinnas about twelve in number, veiny, and obtufely ferrated. \ FLOWERS forming a kind of corymbus, of a pink co- lour, and dioicous, the female flowers much the fmaileft. fig. 1. a female flower of its na- ! tural fiz e.fig. 2. a male flower.- ; BRACTEAE numerous, lanceolate, placed beneath the i flowers. • Female Flower. \ CALYX fcarce any, being only a prominent rim fur- rounding the top of the germen, fig. 7. : COROLLA monopetalous, the tube gibbous on the under fide, and containing honey ; the limb divided into five fegm?nts, which are blunt and nearly l equal; rudiments of Antheras are vilible within • the tube. fig. 1 . ; PISTILLUM : Germen placed below the corolla, ovate, flat, grooved, nearly the length of the corolla ; Style white, fomewhat thickened near the top, a little longer than the corolla, oblique ; Stigma trifid. fig. 6, 7, 8, 9. '■ SEED of an ovate oblong lhape, and pale brown colour, [ a (ingle rib on one fide, and three on the other, f crowned with a feathery down, fig. 1 1 , 12,13. \ Male Flower. f CALYX and corolla the fame as in the female, fig. 2. j; STAMINA: three Filaments filiform, longer than f the corolla; Anthers white, or pale red, l fig- 5- an imperfeft Piftillum in the center of 1 each flower, fig. 10. There are few plants in which nature fports more than in the Valerians, even out of the four fpecles which we have growing wild with us, otic is monandrous, viz. the rubra, and another- dioicous as the prefent. Thefe deficiencies in their clalfical chara&er are however the lefs to be lamented, as they furnifh excellent fpecific diftinctions. Tfte dioica is found only in wet and boggy fituations ; in the meadows and ofier-grounds about Batterfea it grows abundantly; its bloflbms before they open are of a bright red colour, and being colle&ed into fmall heads, are very confpicuous among the herbage in the month of April; in June and July it produces its downy feeds, which, for their beauty and lingular manner of expanding their pappus or down, are highly deferving the attention of the curious. ’ The roots having a fimilar fmell, and probably the fame medicinal virtues, as the officinal Valerian, maybe fub- ftituted in lieu thereof, if neceflary. What Scopoli aflerts of this plant is fo contrary to the common opinion of botanifts and our own obfervations, that we cannot forbear tranferibing his own words ; they will either prove that his obfervations are not to be depended upon, or that this plant puts on a very different appearance in Carniola than it does in the other parts of Europe. “ Millena fpecimina examinavi et nunquam vidi flores dioicos, fed nunc omnes hermaphroditos, nunc filamento “ uno above caftrato inftru&ds, nunc mafculos et femineos in eadem planta, ita tamen ut mafculi flores con- “ tinerent rudimeiAtim germinis et ftyli; fine feminibus vero perfedis nullam ha&enus inveni plantam.” Scirpus maritimus. Round-rooted or sea Club-rush. SCIRPUS Lin. Gen. PI. Triandria monogynia. Gluma paleace*, Undique imbricatas. Cor. o. Sem. i imberbe. Raii Syn. Gen. 28. Herbie graminifolie flore non culmifere imperfecto seU STAMINEO. SCIRPUS maritimus culmo triquetro, panicula conglobata foliacea fpicularum fquamis trifidis : inter- media fubulata. Lin. Syjl. Vegetab. p. 86. Sp. Pl. p. 74. FI. Suec. n. 47. SCIRPUS maritimus'. Scopoli F/. Carn. ii. 57. GRAMEN cyperoides panicula fparfa majus. Bauh.pin.6. GRAMEfr cyperoides paluftre panicula fparfa. Parkins, 1266. Raii Syn. p. 425. Water or Marfli Cyperus Grafs, fvith a fparfed panicle. CYPERUS rotundus littoreus inodorus. Lob. ic. 77. rotundus inodorus Anglicus. C. B. Pin. 14. rotundus littoreus. Ger. em. 31. Park. 1264. Raii Syn. p. 426: Rouud-rooted Baftard Cyperus. Hudfon. FI. Anglic, p. 2i. Lightfoot FI. Scot. p. 89. RADIX perennis, repens, craffitie calami fcriptorii, pal- lide ftifca, ftolonibus fub finem anni apice bulbofis.* CULMUS bi feu tripedalis, ere£lus, foliofus, triqueter, angiilis fubafperis. FOLIA plurima, feptem five o£lo, pedalia aut fefqui- pedalia, lineas duas lata, fenlim acuminata, ad carinam et oras vix afpera, bafi vaginata, va- gina minutiffime ftriata, nitida. INVOLUCRUM : folia plerumque duo, rarius tria, in- aequalia, longa, ad oras et carinam afpera. VxANICULA terminalis, maxime varia, aliquando enim conflat fpiculis quinque vel fex conglobatis feflilibus, f*pius vero prater has utrinque oritur pedunculus, tres quatuor vel quinque gerens fpiculas. ; PEDUNCULI glabri, nudi ad fpictilas fubincrafiati. : SPICULvE magn*, unciales fere, ovat* ; acuta?, primo • atro purpurea?, demum ferrugine*, lquamis un- ■ dique imbricat*. ; CALYX : Squama fufc*, corrugat*, fcariof*, carinat*, • apice f*pius tridentat*, dente medio fubulato, ; in infimis flofculis longiore. Jig. 1.2. COROLLA nulla. j STAMINA : Filamenta tria, alba, iatiufcul?. An- < thEre, flav*, lineares, membrana alba mi- • nuta terminat*. Jig. 3. 3 PISTILLUM : Germen obovatum, minimum, gla- 1 brum. Stylus fubulatus, longitudine flami- j num. Stigmata tria, capillaria, fig. 4. 3 VILLI quatuor aut quinque, ad bafin germinis, albi, erefli 1 ad lentem retrorlum aculeati, germiiii lon- ] giores. Jig. 5. | SEMEN unicum, fubtriquetrum, acuminatum, fufcum, 3 nitidum, jig. 6. 3 ROOT perennial, creeping, the thicknefs of a goofe- quill, of a pale brown colour, the fhoots at the end of the year bulbous at their extremities. STALK two or three feet high, upright, leafy, three- cornered, the angles fomewhat rough. LEAVES numerous, feven or eight, a foot or a foot and a half in length, two lines in breadth, gra- dually tapering to a point, the keel and edges fcarcely rough, forming a fheath at bottom, which is Ariated and gloflyi INVOLUCRUM eonfifts generally of two, rarely of three leases, which are long, unequal and rough on the edges and keel- PANICLE terminal, and extremely various, fometimes it eonfifls of only five or fix cluttered fpicul*, but for the moft part, befides thefe, a flower- ftalk ariles on each fide, bearing three, four, or five fpicul* more. FLOWER-STALKS fmooth, naked, fomewhat thick- ened at the fpicul*. SPICUL^E large, almott an inch in length, ovate, pointed, at firtt of a blackifh purple colour, afterwards ferruginous, covered with fcales on every fide. CALYX : Scales brown, wrinkled, fonorous to the touch, keeled, having the tip generally furnifhed with three teeth, of which the middle one runs out .to a long point, in the lowermott flowers this is longeft. fig. 1.2. ; COROLLA wanting. STAMINA: three Filaments, white and broadifh; Anther e yellow, linear, tipt with a minute white membrane, fg. 3. PISTILLUM: Germen inverfely ovate, very fmall and fmooth. Style tapering, the length of the flamina. Stigmata three, capillary, fig. 4. HAIRS four or five at the bafe of the germen, white, upright, when magnified having prickles which crook backward, longer than the germen, fig. 5. SEED Angle* fomewhat three-cornered, pointed, brown, and fhining. jig. 6. Linneus remarks, that this fpecies cloaths the fea-fhores as the Bulrufh does the borders Of the inland lakes * but it is frequently found where the water is not fait, as in the river Thames , and on the edges of the creeks running from it. In the IJle of Shepey it fills almott every ditch, and appears to be more perfedtly at home. It flowers from June to Auguft. The older Botanifts made ieveral fpecies of this plant, which Linneus has very properly referred to varieties only. They did not attend to the cecoiiomy of the plant, or they would have found, that the roots, in every variety. Were bulbous at the extremities iii the autumn, nor to the cireumflances of fituation, &c. or they would have f'een this plant fometimes fhorter, fometimes taller, fometimes with a Ample, fometimes with a branched panicle as is reprefented on the plate. We know of no ufe to which this elegant fpecies of Club-rufh is applied. The roots have a remarkably fweet tafte, and probably are very nutritious. J Swine are extremely fond of the roots of the Scirpus paluftr is, which the Swedifh peafants colleft and fodder them with in the winter : the roots of the prefent fpecies, being much larger, would we conceive be much preferable for this or fimilar purpofes. r . » Panicum viride Green Panic Grass. * PANICUM Lin. Gen. Pl. Triandria Digynia. Cal. 3-valvis : valvula tertia minima. RaiiSyn. Gen. 27. Herba: graminifoli.® flore imperfRcto culmiferac. PANICUM viride fpica tereti, involucellis bifloris fafciciilato-pilofis, feminibus nervofis. Lin. Syjl. Vegetab. p. 502. Sp. PI. p. 83. PANICUM fpica unica, flofculis feflilibus folitariis, fetis numerous. Haller. Hijl. n. 1542. GRAMEN paniceum fpica fimplici. Bauh. Pin. 8. GRAMEN panici effigie fpica fimplici. Ger. emac. 1 7. GRAMEN paniceum fpica fimplici lasvi. Raii Syn. p. 393. Panic-Grafs, with a fingle fmooth ear* Hudjon FI. Angl. ed. 2. p. 24. RADIX annua, fibrofa. | ROOT annual, and fibrous. CULMI eredli, pedales et ultra, fimplices, fubinde | STALKS upright, a foot high or more, fimple, now and ramofi, quatuor aut quinque geniculis difiindti, t then branched, furnilhed with four or five lawes. I joints, and fmooth. FOLIA palmaria et ultra, lineas duas, tres, quatuor ve $ LEAVES about a hand’s breadth or more in length, two quandoque lata, acuminata, laevia, ad mar- 1 gines afpera, in apricis fiepe fanguinea ; folio- % rum Vagina ftriata, laevis, ad internam folio- 1 rum bafin, loco membranulae in pilos fubti-| lifiimos lineam dimidiam aut paulo plus longos f terminatae, qui pili etiam quandoque vaginae | margines fupremas ipfique foliorum bafi proxi- t mas occupant. SPICA fimplex, teres, cylindracea, uncialis, fefqui- uncialis et ultra, craffitie penna; anferina; ma- joris, aliquando tota fpadicea vel atro-pur- purea, alias ex viridi lutefcens, luteis pilis, ali- quando rubris donata, denfe coagmentatis con- flans fpiculis, molliufcula, veftibus nequa- quam adhaerens ; fetae feu pili plurimi, eredli, tortuofi, flofculis triplo longiores, ad lentem aculeati, aculeis eredtis. Jig. 1 . 2. or three lines, and fometiines more, in breadth, pointed, fmooth, rough on the edges, in open fituations often of a blood-red colour; Sheath of the leaves ftriated, fmooth, terminated at the inner bafe of the leaf, inftead of a mem- brane, by very fine hairs, about half a line or fomewhat more in length, which fometimes alfo : occupy the edges of the ffieath on its upper part, and of the leaves at their bafe. SPIKE fimple, round, cylindrical, an inch, an inch and a half or more in length, the thick- nefs of a large goofe quill, fometimes wholly of a reddifli purple colour, at others greenilh yellow, furnilhed with yellowiffi, and fome- times reddifh hairs, compofed of fpiculas clofely compared, foft to the touch, never adhering to garments ; feta; or hairs numerous, upright* crooked, thrice the length of the flofcules, when magnified furnilhed with fmall prickles* which are upright, jig. 1. 2. CALYX : a Glume of one flower, and three valves, two of which are oppofite, equal, ovate, obtufe, and ribbed, fig. 4. the third is very minute* and placed below the others. Jig. 3. COROLLA compofed of two valves, which are ovate hollow, Ihining, and nearly equal. Jig. 5. STAMINA: three capillary Filaments, very Ihort, a little longer than the corolla. Anthera: very fmall, and purple. Jig. 6. PISTILLUM : Germen ovate. Styles two, capil- lary. Stigmata feathery and white, jig. fi. SEED fingle, fomewhat ovate, covered, convex, and faintly ribbed on one fide, on the other flattifh. fS- 8- In a former fart of this work we gave figures of the Panicum cmjgalli mi famitlmle i we here prefent our readers with two more, being the whole of this genus growing near London. The virid‘ is "s the mdl common of the four ; yet at a diftance from town it appears to have few habitats . Mr. Hudson particularizes Martha s Chafe! aw Guildford-, Baterfea Fields is the only place where we find this, and the others, all of which flower about the fame period, viz. Augujl and September. To correfpond with its name, the tvW^ ffiould be always of a green colour ; but we often find its foliage red and its fpikes redd ifh- brown, and the vert, ciliatum vice verfa : we are not therefore to look for an infallible guide in its colour, but the ipike will always diftingmffi it from the verticillatum. Between thefe two, indeed there is a more leniible dnTerence to the touch than betwixt the Alopecurus prater, fis and Phleum pratenfe ; the hairs in the fpdee of tnew/i are much longer than thofe of the verticillatum, and though the microlbope difeovers them to be prickly, vid.fig. 1. 2. yet thele being upright difeover 110 manifeft roughnefs. Agriculturally it may be confidered rather as a weed than an ufeful grafs. Sparrows are remarkably fond of its feeds : the whole of this genus, when cultivated in a garden, rwuire to b- protected from them. 0 ~ CALYX : Gluma uniflora, trivalvis, valvulis duabus oppofitis? aequalibus, ovatis, obtufis, nervofis, . : fig- 4. tertia minima, inferne pofita. fig. 3. COROLLA : bivalvis, valvulae ovatae, concava, nitida;, fubasquales. fig. 5. STAMINA : Filamenta tria, capillaria, breviffima, corollam paulo excedentia. Antheraj mi- nima;, purpurea;. Jig. 6. PISTILLUM : Germen ovatum. Styli duo, capil- lares. Stigmata plumofa, alba. jig. 7. SEMEN unicum, fubovatum, tedium, hinc convexum, obfolete nervofum, inde planiufculum. Jig. 8. Panicum verticillatum. Rough Panic Grass. PANICUM. Lin. Gen. PI. Triandria Digynia. Cal. trivalvis, valvula tertia minima. R“" Sy”- Gm • I 2 * *7- Heebj! graminifolias flore imperfecto cuemifer*. PANICUM involucellis unifloris biletis, culmis diffi.fi.. PANICUM fpica unica paniculata; fetis paucioribus. Haller. Hi/I. n. 1543. GRAMEN paniceum fpica afpera. Bard. Pin. p. 8. PANICUM vuS “ ASnJ>i 47' ^ P- ^ *»* Fig. 1 . Racemula ramofa magn. nat. Fig. 2. Pars ejufdem auct. Fig. 3. Gluma; calycis au£h Pig. 4. Corolla. Fig . 5. Stamina. Fig. 6. Piftillum. Fig. 7. Semen magn. nat; Fig. 8. Idem au£t. I Fig. 1. One of the fmall branched racemi of its natural I fize. I F*&' 2> F. part of the fame magnified. I Fig. 3. The glumes of the calyx magnified. $ Fig. 4. The Corolla. S I Fig • 5. The Stamina. $ Fig. 6. The Piftillum. I Fig- 7. The feed of its natural fize. Fig. 8. The fame magnified. fp but if the “ form of the I found this phut growing laft year very fparingly i„ the Gardeners Grounds Baterfea Field, with the „,VV and flowering at the fame time. Mr. Ray deferibes it as havilie been found in a Turn hirin’ . • . „ ’ Roehampton, alfo beyond the Neat-hmfes by the Thames fide fninp- from th H r £ field betwixt Putney and ScHE0CHZEyE remarks, that 4 aLuble^e^hela^s ^ ^ Panicum sanguinale. CockVfoot Panic-Grass* PANICUM hin. Gen. Pl. Triandria Digyrta. PAATif-rTki /■ . , 9al; 3-valvis: valvula tertia minima. PANICUM fangutnalt fp,c,s d.gitatis ball interiore nodofe, flcfculis geminis muticis, vaginis foliorum ranrwiffr1 Lm. SyJ. Fegetab. p. 9o. Sp. Pl. 84. S D GITARla lr I,S .fu?!1,rf"',s’ “">? deWli> fpicis verticillatis. Ha/ler Hi/I. „. ,J26. HIGIT AKI A fingnmalis. Scopo/, FI. Cam. n. 72. J * daflI'lon Iatiore folio- Bauhin Piati. latiore folio. Parkinf. 1178. IbCHfEMON vulgare. Ger. emac. 27. Cock’s-foot-grafs. Raii Syn. p. jag. Schmch. Azro/l 101 Schreb. Agrojl. t. 16. Huifm F/. Angled. z. p. 2J. ^ " '°U RADIX annua, fibrofa. CULMI ex una radice piures, fpithamaei, pedales, fub- rubentes, fubinde ramofi, ad {cendentes, in- fraai, tenues valde et debiles, quatuor plerum- que geniculis diftin&i. FOLIA uncialia, fefquiuncialia, et biuncialia, lineas duas aut duas cum dimidia lata, acuta, ad unum latus, f®pe undulata, fuperne et inferne raris pilis hirfuta, marginibus ad lentem minu- ... me ferrulatis ; vagina ftriata, valde pilofa, pilis e punitis prominulis prodeuntibus. SPICvE terns, quaternas, et quin* plerumque, in cultis fepe piures, digitatim fummo culmo infidentes, ielquiunciam ad quatuor uncias long®, fili- formes, vel eodem loco oriunda; omnes, vel alternatim e fummo culmo prodeuntes, et exi- guo ab invicem fpatio diferet®, purpurea, aut ex purpureo et viridante mixta;. SPICUL^E fecund®, bin®, rachi adprefl®, pedicellat®, pedicello altero longiore, longitudine Ipicul®, ovato-lanceolat®, acut®, nuncpurpuralcentes, nunc virides, Jig. i, 2, 3, 4. autt. trivalvis, perfiflens, infima minima, brevifiima, nudo oculo vix conlpicua, Jig. 2. fecunda et tertia oppofitis, in®qualibus, acutis, nervofis, margine fcabris, fuperiore longitudine coroll® quam margine fuo amplectitur, inferiore dimi- dio breviore. Jig. 3, 4. COROLLA : bivalvis, valvulis ®qualibus, glabris, al- terd alteram recipiente, Jig. 8. ubi membra- nula ad bafin earum pingitur, Jig. 6, 7. dif- jundt® apparent. STAMINA: Filamenta tria, capillaria, corolla paulo longiora ; Anthers breves, parv®, purpuraf- ; centes, utrinque bifurc®. Jig. 9. PISTILLUM : Germen oblongum ; Styli duo, fili- formes, longitudine flaminum j Stigmata ! plumofa, purpurea, fg. 10. SEMEN minimum, oblongum glumis calycinis ®que ; ac corollaceis inclufum, fg. ir, 12. denuda-1 tum, fg. 13. magni t. nat. fg. 14, 15. auSi. \ ROOT annual and fibrous. STALKS feveral from one root, a fpan Or a foot in height* of a reddifh colour, fometimes branfch- ed, bending upward, crooked, very {lender and weak* and generally furnifhed with four joints. LEAVES, an inch, an inch and a half, or two inches in length, and from two to two lines and a half in breadth, pointed, often waved on one fide, on both fides befet with a few hairs, the edges when magnified very finely fawed ; the Iheath ftriated, very hairy, the hairs proceed- ing from little prominent points. SPIKES fitting on the top of the Item, generally three, four or five together, often more in cultivated places, branching out like fingers, from one inch and a half to four inches in length, fili- form, all of them proceeding from the fame point, or growing alternately, leaving a fmall {pace betwixt them, of a dark purple colour, or purple and green mixed together. SPICULAD growing one way, prefled to the rachis, {landing on foot-ftalks, the longed ‘of which is of the length of one of the fpicul®, ovato- lanceolate and pointed, fometimes purplifh, and fometimes green, fig. 1, 2, 3, 4. magnified. CAL 1 X compofed of three valves, and permanent, the lowermoft very minute and fhort, fcarcely per- ceptible by the naked eye, fig. 2. the fecond and third oppofite, unequal, pointed, rib’d, rough on the edges, the upper one the length of the corolla, which it enfolds with its mar- gin, the lower one half its length, fg. 3, 4. COROLLA: compofed of two valves which are equal and fmooth, the one receiving the other, fig. 8. where a fmall membrane is painted at their bafe ; at fig. 6. and 7. they appear disjoin’d. STAMINA: three Filaments, very {lender, a little longer than the corolla; Anther a; fmall, {hort, purplifh, forked at each end. fig. 9. PISTILLUM: Germen oblong; Styles two, fili- liform, the length of the flamina; Stigmata feather’d and purple, fig. 10. SEED very fmall, oblong, inclofed by the glumes of the calyx, as well as of the corolla, fig. 11, 12. ftripped of thefe, fig. 13. of its natural -fize, and magnified at fig. 14, 13. othYre confiderin"^ T dp‘d-d ‘if1 °Piniona reiPca!,1S 'he genus of this plant, Linnjeus, Schreber, and others confidermg it as a Panicum-, Adanson, Heister, Haller and Scopoli arranging it under a new genus vtz. Dig, lam, a name adapted to the particular difpofition of its fpikes, but as that particular difpofition ha? little .0 do with tts generre charaaer and as it has a triphyllous calyx, which Linnzeus, with much CprietyTconfi! decs as a principal charadler of the Pamcum, we follow him in preference to the others, however refpeflable overlOTM°bferVe’ extenor leaf formillg thi= triphyllous calyx is fo very minute, that it may eafily be delcriptions, quoted by Linnrsus, induce us to confider this fpecles as the fanguinahe, rather me itio edP ’ S dafCrJf 10“’ wh‘ch ce«a‘“ly does not welt accord with our plant. The vagina, punltatx arc not mentioned ei her by Haller Scheuchzer, or Scopoli ; the hairs certainly iffue from little prominent points, a fprcific” harafter on maS™fied' lf Lim*os mcans thefe, they are, in our apprehenfion, too minute ra form According to the obfervations of botanic writers, this fpecies is very univerfal, being found not only in Enrobe rJ- , ■, Ammca ; neverthelefs, it is not general throughout England. It is faid to grow about Elden in Suffolk at IVttchingbam near Norwich, near Martha Chapel by Guildford, and in the Gardener’s grounds near Batterka - m tile latter place I found it laft September, in great plenty ; but in one part of the fields only, viz. among tile beans> and °.n the Afparagus beds, in the Weftern corner of the fields, at no great diftance from the Church. • elates, that in Carniola the feeds are collected for food, but this is flatly contradicted by Scopoli * indeed, for this purpofe, it appears much inferior to many others of the fame genus. Its name of fanguinale is not taken from its colour, but from an idle trick which the bovs in Germany have of pricking their noftrils with the {picul® of this grals, till they draw blood. . . ■ ’ V ■ - - - . . .... .1 I 1 U ii ' • .1 , 1 ■ ■ : . . . ... . Panicum Crus galli Loose Panic-Grass PANICUM Lin. Gen. PI. Triandria Digynia. Cal. 3- valvis : valvula tertia minima. PANICUM Crus galli fpicis alternis conjugatifque, fpiculis fubdivifis, glumis ariftatis hifpidis, rachi quinquangulari. Lin. Syjl. Vegetab. p. 90. Spec. PI. p. 83. PANICUM fpica remota, fetis nullis. Haller Hifi. u. 1544. PANICUM Crus galli. Scopoii FI. Carn. 11. 70. GRAMEN paniceum fpica divifa. Baub. Pin. 8. GRAMEN paniceum, fpica divifa* ariftis longis armata, var. p. Baub. Pin. 8. PANICUM lylveftre Herbariorunn Parkin/. 1154. PANICUM vulgare. Ger. emac. 85, Rail Syn. p. 394. Panick Grafs with a divided Spike. Hudfon FI. Angl. ed. 2. p. 24. RADIX annua, fibrofa. $ ROOT annual and fibrous. CAULES plerumque plures ex una radice, primo pro- | STALKS generally feveral proceed from the fame root, cumbentes, feu obliqui, demum fuberefti, pe- t at firft procumbent or oblique, finally nearly dales aut bipedales, tribus aut quatuor geniculis | upright* from one to two feet in height, fur- diftin&i. f nilhed with three or four joints. FOLIA in humilioribus tres quatuorve uncias longa, | LEAVES in the more humble plants three or four lineas duas aut tres lata, in procerioribus femi- ^ inches long, and from two to three lines in pedalia, vel etiam pedalia fere, lineas quatuor, t breadth ; in the taller plants fix inches, or aliquando et fex femptemve lata, acuminata, | nearly a foot in length, four lines, and fome- carinata, laevia, marginibus minutiffime denti- J times fix or feven broad, tapering to a point, culatis et ad bafin circa orem vaginae pilofis ; | keeled, fmooth, the edges very finely toothed, Membrana nulla; Vagina magna, ftriata, com- t and about the mouth of the (heath hairy.; preffa. | Membrane none ; Sheath large, ftriated and I compreffed. FLORES paniculati. | FLOWERS in a panicle. PANICULA palmaris, et ultra, e pluribus fpicis compo- | PANICLE a hand’s breadth or more in length, of a fita, pallide virefcens. t pale green colour, compofed of many fpikes. SPICAE faepc ad duodecim, craflSe, teretiufculae, ple- I SPIKES often twelve in number, thick, roundifh, ge- rumque fimpliceset alternae, etiam ramofaeet op- t nerally fimple and alternate, fometimes alio pofitiE, inferioribus fefquiuncialibus, magifque | branched and oppofite, the lowermoft an inch remotis. f and a half in length, longer and farther afun- | der than any of the reft. RACHIS quinquangularis, angulo quinto obfoleto, ad | RACHIS having five angles, the fifth lefs perceptible bafin (picarum fetofa. ¥ than the others, briftly or hairy at the bafe of I the fpikes. FLORES fecundi, turgidi. 4 FLOWERS growing one way and turgid. CALYX trivalvis, valvula inferiore minore, flofculum | CALYX compofed of three valves, the lowermoft or recipiente, Jig. 1. prima et fecunda asqualibus, t third valve very fmall, receiving the flofcule, nervofis, mucronatis, hirfutis, altera plana, | Jig. 1. the firft and fecond equal, rib’d, pointed, altera gibbofa. Jig. 2, 3. auft. | hirfute, the one flat, the other gibbous. Jig. 2, 4 3. magnified. COROLLA bivalvis, valvulis aequalibus, glabris, ova- 1 COROLLA compofed of two valves, the valves equal, tis, altera alteram margine fua ample&ente, $ fmooth, ovate, the one with its margin era- fig. 4. intra valvulam calycis et corollae, mem- | bracing the other, fig. 4. betwixt the valve of brana tenuis, nunc acuta, nunc emarginata. $ the calyx and the corolla a thin membrane is fig. 5, 6. j obfervable, which is fometimes notched, and I fometimes pointed, fig. 5, 6. STAMINA: Filamenta tria, capillaria, breviflima STAMINA : three very {lender and (hort Filaments ; Antherte bifurcas, purpurafcentes. fig. 7. | Antheraj forked and purplifh. fig. 7. PISTILLUM: Germen fubrotundum; Styli duo bre- j PISTILLUM : Germen roundifh; Styles two, very* vifllmi ; Stigmata plumofa, purpurafcentia. | lhort ; Stigmata feathered and purplifli. fig- 8. 1 fig. 8. SEMEN majufculum, nitidum, glumis corollaceis tec- | SEED rather large, (hining, covered by the valves of tum, hinc convexum, inde planum, fig. 9, 10. | the corolla, round on one fide, and flat on the denudatum, fig. 11, 12, 13. ? other, fig. 9, 10. taken from its covering. I fig. 11, 12, 13. Near the fame fpot where the Panicum Janguinale is found, this rare fpecies alfo makes its appearance, a fpace of about twenty yards fquare was laft autumn covered chiefly with this grafs, and the Panicum viride ; in other parts of the fields it more rarely occurs ; being an annual it may vary its particular place of growth, but by a diligent fearch will probably always be found in fome part of Batterfea Fields ; Mr. Ray mentions it as having been found between Deptford and Greenwich in Garden Ground, alfo in a lane by the Neat-houfe Gardens Chelfea , and by the rivulet fide near Petersfield, Hampjhire. He is furely miftaken in faying aquofis deleft atur. Mr. Hudson defcribes it as growing near Martha’s Chapel, Guildford. Botanifts make two principal varieties of it, viz. one with awns, and another without ; the latter, which is the ftate in which we have figured it, moll frequently occurs ; it varies alfo in its colour, being fometimes found with (pikes of a purplifh hue. It has a very great affinity to the Panicum Crus corvi, a foreign grafs, but is too Angular to be miftaken for any Englijh Panic. Affording a large quantity of feeds of confiderable magnitude, it is fought for with great avidity by fparrows and other fmall birds. Eriophorum polyftachion. Many-Headed Cotton -Grafs. ERIOPHORUM Lin. Gen. PI. Triandria Monogynia. Gluma paleaceas, undique imbricatas. Cor. o. Sem. u Land longiflima cin&um. Raii. Syn. Gen. 23. Herba: gr aminifolx^ non culmifera: flore imperfecto SEU STAMINEO. ERIOPHORUM polyflathion culmis teretibus, foliis planis, fpicis pedunculatis. Lin. Syjl. Vegttab. p. 87. Sp. Pl. p. 76. FI. Suec. n. 49. ERIOPHORUM foliis planis, fpicis pendulis. Haller, hijl. n. 1331. L1NAGROSTIS polyjlachia. Seopoli. FI. Carn. n. 66. GRAMEN pratenfe tomentofum panicula fparfa. C. B. Pin. 4. GRAMEN tomentarium. Ger. emac. 29. GRAMEN junceum lanatum, vel juncus bombycinus vulgaris. Park 1271. Scbeuzch. Agrojl. ed. Haller, p. 306. Vaill. Bot. Paris, t. 16. f. 1. 2. Raii Syn. p. 433. Cotton-grafs. Lightfoot FI. Scot. p. 89. Hudfon FI. Angi. ed. p. 2 1 . RADIX perennis, repens, fufca, feu caftanei coloris, fibrillis plurimis albis, aut rubentibus in- ftruCta. CULMUS faepius folitarius, dodrantalis, feu pedalis, et ultra, ereCtus, teres, lasvis, geniculis duobus parum extantibus plerumque notatus, va- ginis foliorum per totam longitudinem te&us. FOLIA ima marcida, caftanea, brevia, lanceolata, ftri- ato-reticulata ; fuperiora bafi fuaardte culmum ampleftentia, lineas duas ad tres lata, fpitha- maea et ultra, fenfim attenuata, fiepe pras- morfa, hinc convexa, inde concava, glabra ; fuprema planiora, multo breviora, et mani- fefte carinata ; vagina foliorum culmi, asquali ubique fere magnitudine, ubi folium exit paulo laxiores, et fiflura membrana impleta notatae. BRACTEAE tres aut quatuor, longitudine inaequales, bafi vaginantes, culmutn terminant, e quarum finubus fpiculas prodeunt. SPICUL^E plerumque plures a duabus ad feptem, ova- tiE, immature ere&ae, per aetatem pendulae. CALYX : fpica undique imbricata : fquamis ovato ob- longis, plano-iuflexis, membranaceis, laxis, acuminatis, flores diftinguentibus. jig. 1. COROLLA nulla. STAMINA: Filamenta tria, capillaria; Anthera: ereChe, oblongae. Jig. 2. PISTILLUM: Germen minimum; Stylus filifor- mis, longitudine fquamae calycis ; Stigmata tria, ftylo longiora, reflexa. Jig. 3. PER ICARPIUM nullum. SEMEN triquetrum, acuminatum, nigrum, villis fpica longioribus inftru&um. Jig. 4. 5. 6. 7. ROOT perennial, creeping, of a brown or chefnut colour, furnifhed with numerous white or reddifh fibres. STALK for the moft part folitary, from nine inches to a foot or more in height, upright, round, fmooth, for the moft part furnifhed with two joints which project a little, covered through- out its whole length with the fheaths of the leaves. LEAVES next the root withered, of a chefnut colour, fhort, lanceolate, ftriated, and marked with fhort tranfverfe lines, which give them a re- ticulated appearance, the fucceeding leaves , at their bafe clofely embracing the ftalk, from two to three lines in breadth, about feven in- ches or more in length, gradually tapering to the extremity, where they are often bit off, convex on one fide, concave on the other, and fmooth, the uppermojl leaves flatter, much fhorter, and manifeftly keeled ; Jheaths of the leaves nearly of an equal thick nefs through- out, where a leaf goes off more loofely con- nected, and marked with a fiflure filled by a membrane. FLORAL-LEAVES three or four of unequal lengths, forming fheaths at bottom terminate the ftalk, from the alae of which the fpiculas pro- ceed. SPICULiE for the moft part feveral, from two to feven, ovate, firft upright, afterwards pendulous. CALYX : a /pike covered on all fides with imbricated fquamse, of an ovate-oblong fhape, flat and bent in a little, membranous, loofe, running out to a long point, diftinguifhing the flowers. Jig ■ i- COROLLA wanting. STAMINA : three Filaments very fine; Anthera: upright and oblong. Jig. 2. PISTILLUM: Germen very fmall ; Style thread- fhaped, the length of the feales of the ca- lyx; Stigmata three, longer than the ftyle, turned back. jig. 3. SEED-VESSEL none. SEED three-cornered, pointed, black, furnifhed with hairs which are longer than the fpike. Jig. 4. 5. 6. 7. The Genus Eriophorum is in a particular manner diftinguifhed from the other genera related to it by the leneth of the hairs which envelope the feed ; and which, when the feed is ripe, aflume the appearance of cotton whence its name of Cotton-grafs, this cotton is much longer, and produced in greater quantities in the poMachhn than in the vagi natum ; and in Germany, and the more northern countries, has been manufactured into various articles of drefs, paper, and w icks for candles. Linnaus, in his Flora lapponica, informs us, that in fome parts of Sweden the peafants ftuft their pillows with it inftead of feathers, but that in Lapland, where the plant is fufficientlv plentiful, they do not apply it to any fuch purpofe, the fkin of the Rein-deer forming the whole of their bed and its furniture. Ill the fpring, Cattle appear to be very fond of its leaves, as they are generally found cropt, this may arife from the lcarcity of herbage at that leafon of the year, as the plant advances the Hems are always left untouched- it is in moors and boggy ground only that this plant is found, and in fuch flotations it is very plentiful • whole 'acres being often rendered white as fnow by it in the months of June and July when in feed. It flowers in April and May, and may be found in Batterfea meadows. Enophorum vaginatum. Single-headed Cotton-Grafs. ERIOPHORUM Lin. Gen. Pi. Te.AnpRu. Monog mnl CW pifleace*, tedkp* imbricate. Lor. o. item, i. .La/w longiffima cindtum» Rai.Syn.Gcx. 48. HErb* gramikifolije non Sttmimis floke ImFerfecto SEU STAMINEO. ERIOPHORUM vaginatum teretibus, (pica fcariofi. Lh. Syjl. Vegetal. p. Sj. Sp, ERIOPHORUM caule tereti, foliis caulinis vaginalibus, fpica eredta, ovata. Haller.KJl. n. ,334. LINAGROSTIS vaginata. Scopoli FI. Carn. n. 66. JUNCUS alpinus, capitulo lanuginofo, feu fchamolaguros. Bauh. pin. 12. Sciaacb Agrojl. p. 302. t. t. Common Field Scabious. Rudfon. FI. Angi. ed. II. p. 62. Lightjoot FI. Scot. p. 1 14. Oeder FI. Dan. t. 447. RADIX perennis, ramofa, fublignofa, difficulter evulfa. CALLIS pedalis vel ultra, teres, dmplex feu ramofus, fcaber, fuperne nudus, pubefeens, inferne ni- gro punCtatus, liifpidus ; pilis albidis. FOLIA oppodta, hifpida, acuta, inferiora integra, ovali- oblonga, remote ferrata ; fuperiora feffilia, am- plexicaulia, pinnatidda : laciniis linearibus, op- pod tis, fubferratis ; intermedia duplo majore, lanceolata, utrinque attenuata, in medio ler- rata. FLORES terminales, longius pedunculati, folitarii. CALYX communis polyphyllus, imbricatus, foliolis ova- tis, acutis, pubefeentibus, ciliatis, plano-pa- tentibus ; interioribus paulo minoribus. COROLLA compodta hemifph®rica; dilute violacea, radiata; propria radii tubulata, longitudine ca- lycis, intus villofa; quadridda ; laciniis eredis, oblongis, obtuds, inaequalibus ; exteriore paullo majore ; duabus lateralibus, oppodtis, aequali- bus ; intima duplo minore, Jig. 1. ; difei minor, ore quadriddo, obtufo, inaequali. STAMINA : FilAmenta quatuor, fetacea, tubo co- rollae inferne adnata, longitudine corollae ; An- ther® exftantes, lineares, incumbentes, co- roll® concolores. Jig. 2. PISTILLUM : Germen inferum, tetragonum, villofo- hifpidum, coronatum pappo campanulato, vil- lofo-fetaceo, cinereo. Stylus cylindricus, fu- perne incraflatus, corolla longior, ereCtus. Stigma exfertum, clavatum, emarginatum. flS- 3- • ■ ROOT perennial, branched, fomewhat woody, with difficulty pulled up. 1; STALK a foot or more in height, round, dmple or branched, rough, above naked of leaves, and downy below, dotted with black and hifpid : the hairs whitiffi.* ; ; LEAVES oppodte, hifpid, pointed ; the lower ones eh- tire, of an oval oblong ffiape, remotely ler- rated ; the upper ones feffile, embracing the ftalk, and pinnatidd ; the fegments linear, op- podte, flightly ferrated, the middle fegment twice the dze of the others, lanceolate, tapering . at each extremity, and. ferrated in the middle. ; ; FLOWERS terminal, {landing on lohg foot-ftalks. CALYX common to all the florets compofed of many leaves, imbricated, the leaves ovate, pointed, downy* edged with hairs, flat and fpreading ; the inner- moftfomewhat the fmallefl. : : COROLLA compound, hemifpherical, of a pale violet colour, radiate ; the florets in the circumference tubular, the length of the calyx, villous within, divided into four fegments which are upright’ oblong, obtufe and unequal; the outermofl fomewhat the larged: ; the two dde ones oppo- dte, and equal ; the innermolt twice as fmall, Jig- f'", the central florets {mailer, the mouth e . dudded into {our, obtufe, unequal fegments. ; STAMINA: Filaments four, tapering, growino- to the lower part of the tube of the corolla, °and of the dune length as the corolla. Anther® projecting, linear, incumbent, of the fame colour as the corolla. Jig. 2. ; ; PISTILLUM : Germen below the corolla, four-cornered. Covered with numerous ftiffifli hairs and crowned with a bell-ffiaped pappus formed of numerous afh-coloured briftles. Style cylin- drical, thickened above, longer than the co- rolla, upright. Stigma projecting, club- RECEPTACULUM barbatum, pilis germinibus brevi- i; RECEPTACLE braMed^ The tore (horter than the SEMEN viUofiim, fcbtetragonum, pappo villofo-fe, aceo f SEED vill^ fomewhat four-cornered, crowned with a ^ ^ bnftly villous down or pappus. Jig. 4. a t rgmTptS; theM:rs- In ti ^ during a large quantity of foliage, whi’h is Or Sheep , it may perhaps be conddered rather as ufeful. 8 -penments by Kim, Horfes , Dr. Rutty, in his Materia Medica, remarks, that the Bo,,- r , indpid ; but, on a more accurate examination, they are found to be bitteriffi with {bmp in°.d°roUS anf aftringency. Medicinally this fpec.es as well as Ljuccifa, • malignant Fevers, Lues venerea, Epilepfy, &c. • and extermllv in t-L* ^ t. . A , • ^-ougns> Altnmas, .rrifittsate - - jagged. It flowers much earlier, and it affefis a drier fixation. 6 Scabwja facc,Ja ; its leaves are more Plantago media Hoary Plantain, PLANTAGO Lin. Gen. PI. Tetrandria Monogynia. Cal. 4-fidus. Cor. 4-fida: limbo reflexo. Stamina longiflima. Cap/ 2-locularis, circumfcifia. Raii Syn. Gen. 22. Herbie vasculiferje flore tetrapetalo anomale. PLANTAGO media foliis ovato-lanceolatis pubefcentibus, fpica cylindrica, fcapo tereti. Lin. Syji. V egctab. p- 1 3 1. Sp. PI. p. 163. FI. Suec. n. 130. PLANTAGO foliis fubhirfutis, ellipticis, fpica cylindrica denfa. Haller. Hi/l. n. 659. PLANTAGO media. Scopoli FI. Carniol. 162. PLANTAGO latifolia incana. Bauhin. Pin. 189. PLANTAGO major incana. Parkins. 493. PLANTAGO incana. Ger. emac. 419. Raii Syn. p. 314. Hoary Plantain, or Lamb’s Tongue, Hudfon FI. Angl. ed. 2. p. 63. Lightfoot FI. Scot. p. 117. RADIX perennis, craflitie digiti aut pollicis, fubconica, apice in crura aliquot divifa, extus nigricans, plurimis fibrillis inftru&a. FOLIA ovata, breviffime petiolata, fupra terram ex- : panfa, interioribus fenfim minoribus, quinque- ' nervia, fubrugofa, utrinque pubefcentia, inte gerrima. SCAPI plures, teretes, infra folia prodeuntes, fpitha- msei, aut pedales, ere&i, pubefcentes, pube fuperne eredta, adpreffa. SPIGZE florum cylindricas, pollicares aut palmares. ; BRACTEA, feu fquamula lanceolata, concava, margine: membranacea, fingulo flofculo fubjicitur, lon- ; gitudine calycis. CALYX : Perianthium quadripartitum, eredtum, per- ' fiftens; laciniis ovatis, acutiufculis, membra- : naceis, nervo viridi infignitis. Jig. 1. COROLLA monopetala, perfiftens, tabefcens. Tubus cylindraceus, bafi globofus. Limbus quadri- partitus, deprelfus, laciniis ovatis, acutis. Jig. 2. STAMINA : Filamenta quatuor, capillaria, ere&o- patentia, calyce triplo longiora, purpurafcentia. Anther.® alba?, incumbentes, una extremi- tate bifidA, altera mucronati. Jig. 3. PISTILLUM: Germen ovatum. Stylus filiformis, pilofus, flaminibus brevior. Stigma fimplex. te-, a* . . ■ PERICARPIUM : Capsula ovalis, circumfciffa, dif- perma. Jig. 6. SEMINA bina, hinc convexa, inde plano concava. fis- 7- ROOT perennial, the thicknefs of one’s finger or thumb, fomewhat conic, dividing at the top into a few branches, externally of a blackilh colour, and furnifhed with numerous fibres. LEAVES ovate, ftanding on very fliort foot-ftalks, expanded on the ground, the inuermoft gra- dually fmalleft, having five ribs, fomewhat wrinkly, downy on both fidts, and entire at the edges. FLOWERING-STEMS feveral, round, proceeding from below the leaves, from feven inches to a foot in height, upright, downy, the hairs on the ; upper part of it upright, and prefled to the : flalk. ; SPIKES of the flowers cylindrical, from one to four : inches in length. FLORAL-LEAF, a floral-leaf or lanceolate fmall hol- low fcale, membranous at the edge, and of the length of the calyx, is placed under each floret. CALYX: a Perianthium deeply divided into four fegments, ere£t and permanent ; the fegments ovate, a little pointed, membranous, and marked with a green rib. fig. 1. COROLLA monopetalous, permanent, withered. Tube cylindrical, with a globular bafe. Limb divi- ded into four fegments, which are prefled downwards, ovate and pointed. Jig. 2. STAMINA: four Filaments very {lender, fomewhat fpreading, thrice the length of the calyx, of a a purplilh colour. Anthers white, laying acrofs the filaments, one end bifid, the other pointed. Jig. 3. PISTILLUM: Germen ovate. Style tbread-fhaped, hairy, fliorter than the flamina. Stigma Ample. Jig. 4. SEED-VESSEL: an oval Capsule, dividing horizon- tally in the middle, and containing two feeds. fig- 6- SEEDS two together, convex on one fide, and plano-con- cave on the other. Jig. 7. This fpecies of Plantain has a large root when fully grown, which penetrates deep into the earth, and being fupplied with numerous lateral fibres, it fupports itfelf in the moft fcorching feafons, when the plants around it are frequently burnt up. It is alfo one of thofe plants which are not deftroyed by repeated mowing, as moft lawns and grafs plats fufficiently teftify. It may be diftinguifhed from the common Plantain by the leaves being fmaller, and hoary, ftanding on fliorter foot-ftalks, lying clofe to the ground, and having no notches on the edges; by its fpikes being fhorter, its filaments longer, its antherae whiter and more fhowy, and, if any other difference were wanting, we might add, that its caplules, inftead of many, contain only two feeds, as in the lanceolata. About London it is not fo common as either the lanceolata or major ; but where the foil is chalky no plant occurs more frequently. It flowers from June to Augujl. Sheep, Goats, and Swine, eat it; Kine and Horfes refufe it. Lin. Pan . Suec. Asperula ODORATA. Woodruff ASPERULA Lin. Gen. PI. Tetr andria Monogynia. Cor. i -petala, infundibulifbrmis. Semina 2, globofa. Raii Syn. Gen. 12. Herbie stellatae. ASPERULA odorata foliis odonis lanceolatis, florum fafciculis pedunculatis. Lin. Syji. V egetab. p. 125. Sp. PL p. 150. ASPERULA caule erefto, foliis odonis; petiolis ramofis eredis, feminibus hirfutis. Haller. Hifl. n. 728. GALIUM odoratum. Scopoli FI. Cam. 11. 1 58. ASPERULA feu Rubeola montana odora. Batik. Pin. 334. ASPE'.ULA. Ger. emac. 966. ASPERULA aut Afpergula odorata. Parkins. 563. Raii Syn. p. 225. Woodroof or Woodruffe. HudJ'on FI. Angl. ed. 2. p. 66. Lightfoot FI. Scot. p. 1 15. Oeder FI. Dan. t. 562. RADIX perennis, tenuis, articulatus, flavefcens, paulo infra terram repens, et plurimas fibrillas di- mittens. CAULIS eredus, fpithamsus, plerumque fimplex, tetra- gonus, quadrifulcatus, glaber. FOLIA plerumque odona, verticillata, lanceolata, mucronata, glabra, fpinulis ciliata, fg. 1. CORYMBUS terminalis, nudus, eredus. CALYX nullus. COROLLA monopetala, alba, infundibulifprmis. Tubus brevis, germini infidens. Limbus quadripar- titus, tubo longior, laciniis lanceolatis, paten- tibus, crafilufeulis.ySg'. 2. STAMINA: Filamenta quatuor, ad apicem tubi. breviffima, alba. Antiier^e albidre, longitu- dine filamentorum, oblongas, fublineares, in- cumbentes. Jig. 3. PISTILLUM: Germen inferum, viride, fubrotundum, utrinque compreflum, obfolete didymum, hif- pidum. Stylus filiformis, albus, bifidus, antheris brevior. Stigmata duo, globofa, inaequalia, fg. 4, 5, 6. NECT ARIUM: Glandula parva bafin flyli cingens. PERICARPIUM : Bacae duae, ficcae, globofie, coalitae, liiCpidae. fg. 7. SEMINA folitaria, iiibrotunda, magna, fg. 8. tROOT perennial, flender, jointed, of a yellowilh colour, I creeping a little below the furface of the earth, $ and fending down numerous fmall fibres. I STALK uprighr, about a fpan in height, for the moft I part perfedly Ample, four-cornered, with a I groove on each fide, and fmooth. I LEAVES growing generally eight together in a whirl, lanceolate, terminating in a fmall point, fmooth I and edged with fmall fpines. fg. 1. I CORYMBUS terminal, naked, and upright. I CALYX wanting. t COROLLA monopetalous, white, funnel-fhaped. Tube fhort, fitting on the germen. Limb divided % into four fegments, longer than the tube, feg- ments lanceolate, fpreading, thickifh. fg. 2. I STAMINA: four Filaments at the top of the tube, t very fhort and white. Anthers whitilh, the I length of the filaments, oblong, fomewhat linear and incumbent, fg. 3. I PISTILLUM: Germen placed beneath the corolla, of % a green colour, roundilh, flattened on both I fides, obfcurely double, and hifpid. Style I filiform, white, bifid, fhorter than the an- thers. Stigmata two, globular and une- I - qual- fig- 4, 5, 6- $ NECTARY : a lmall Gland furrounding the bafe of the I %le- t SEED-VESSEL : two, dry, round, hifpid berries united I together, fig. 7. I SEEDS Angle, large and roundilh. fg. 8. The flowers of Woodruff have an agreeable fmell, and the whole plant, when dried, diffufes an odour like that of the fweet-fcented Vernal-grajs. Kept among cloaths, it not only imparts to them an agreeable perfume, but, according to Linnjeus, preferves them from infe&s. Ray informs us, that it gives its flavour to vinous liquors ; and that the Germans ufe it much for that purpofe. As a medicinal plant, it is fuppofed to attenuate vifcid humours, and {Lengthen the tone of the Bowels, whence it is recommended in obftru&ions of the liver and biliary dudts, and by fome in Epilepfies and Palfies : modern practice has neverthelefs rejected it. It is common in the woods about London , efpecially Charlton Wood ; and flowers in May and June. Cynoglossum Officinale. CYNOGLOSSUM Lin. Gen. PI. Pentandria Monogynia, Raii Syn. Gen. 13. Herb® asperifoli®. CYNOGLOSSUM officinale flaminibus corolla brevioribus, foliis lato lanceolatis tomentofis ftffilibus. Lin. Syft. Vegetab. p. 157. Sp. PL p. 192. FI. Suec. n. 58! CYNOGLOSSUM foliis ellipticis, lanceolatis, fericeis, caule foliofo. Haller . HjJl. n. 587. CYNOGLOSSUM officinale. Scopoli FI. Carniol. 191. CYNOGLOSSUM majus vulgare. Bauhin. Pm. 257. Ger. emac. 804. Parkins. r. Great Houndftongue. Rail Syn. ed. 3. p. 226. Hudfon FI. Angl. ed. 2. p. 80. Lightfoot PI. Scot. p. 133. RADIX biennis, craffitie digiti feu pollicis, pedalis et ultra, fufiformis, foris nigricans, intus albida. CAULIS bi feu tripedalis, ere£tus, fulcato-angulatus, villofus, foliofiffimus, fuperne ramofus ; Rami plurimi, fubere&i, villoli. FOLIA radicalia magna, pedalia et ultra, petiolata, ova- ta, acuta, lericea hirfutie incana, venofa, cau- lina, faltem fuperiora feffilia, conferta, fparfa, ere<£la, lanceolata, bafi latiora. FLORES primo fordide rubentes, demum czerulefcentes, racemofi, fecundi. PEDUNCULI teretes, alterni, pubefcentes, CALYX: Perianthium quinquepartitum, foliolis ovato-lanceolatis, eredtis, pubefcentibus, obtu- fiufculis, interne nitidis, fig. 1. COROLLA : monopetala, infundibuliformis; Tubus cy- lindraceus, craffus, pallidus, calyce duplo bre- vior ; Limbus concavus, quinquefidus, laciniis rotundatis, fig. 2, 3. NECTARIUM : Squama quinque, purpures, antice concaviufculae, vertice gibbie, obtufe, margini tubi infertae, limbo duplo breviores, conni- ventes. fig. 4. Faux corollae perforata. STAMINA: Filamenta quinque, breviffima ; An- ther.® oblongae, virides, fub fquamis neftareis recondit®, fig. 5. PISTILLUM: Germina quatuor, e luteo-virefcentia, glabra; Stylus fubulatus longitudine flami- num, perfiflens ; Stigma obtufum, emargi- 1 natum, fig. 6. ROOT biennial, the thicknefs of the finger or thumb, 4 foot or more in length, tapering, blackilh on the outlide, and whitifh within. STALK two or three feet in height, upright, grooved or angular, villous, very leafy, branched at top; Branches numerous, nearly upright and villous, LEAVES proceeding from the root large, a foot or more in length, {landing on fuotftalks, ovate, pointed, covered with a filky down which gives them a greyilh colour, veiny, thole of the flalk at lead the uppermcfl ones fetfile, numerous, placed irregularly on the flalk, up- right, lanceolate, and broadefl at the bafe. FLOWERS at firfl of a dull red colour, afterwards be- coming blueifh, growing in racemi or long bunches, and hanging all one way. R.ACEMI nearly upright, and generally naked. FLOWER-STALKS round, alternate, aud downy. CALYX : Perianthium deeply divided into five feg- ments, the leaves ovato-lanceolate, upright, downy, bluntifh, ffiining on the infide, fig. 1. COROLLA monopetalous, funnel-ffiaped, Tube cylindri- cal, thick, of a pale colour, half the length of the calyx. Limb concave, divided into five roundiffi fegments. fig. 2, 3. NECTARY : five purple Scales, anteriorly hollow', gib- bous at top, blunt, inferred into the edge of the tube, half the length of the limb, doling to- gether. fig. 4. Mouth of the corolla perforated. STAMINA: five Filaments, very ffiort, Anther® oblong, green, hid under the fcaly neflarics. A- 5- PISTILLUM: Germina four, of a yellow! fh green colour, fmooth. Style tapering, the length of the flamina, permanent. Stigma blunt and $ nicked, fig. 6. PERICARPIUM : Capsula quatuor deprefla?, fubro-t SEED-VESSEL: four flat Capsules of a roundiffi tund®, fcabr®, non dehifeentes, apice affix®. * fhape, fomewhat prickly, not opening, fixed fig. q. * by their points, fig. 7. SEMINA iolitaria, fubovata, gibba, acuminata, glabra. * SEEDS Angle, fomewhat ovate, gibbous, pointed and fig. 8. I fmooth. fig. 8. The leaves of this plant are in fhape thought to refemble a Dog’s-tongue, whence its name. It grows wild by road fides, and in uncultivated places; and is particularly common about Charlton , and in the road to Lewijbam. It flowers in June and July, and ripens its feeds in Augujl and September. The whole plant has a difagreeable fmell, much refembling that of mice. Its effects are faid to be narcotic; and an inflance is related in the FUJI. Oxon. 3. 450*, in which the leaves boiled by miftake for thofe of Comfrev, difordered a whole family, and proved fatal to one. Baron Haller quotes Dr. Blair as deferibing a cafe fome- what fimilar; but in that inflance the plant ul'ed was not the CynogloJJum, but the Pulmonaria maritima *j- ; a plant one would not fufpedl of being poifonous. Houndftongue has been ufed in medicine both internally and externally; but the prefent practice takes no notice of it in any intention. Cattle in general diflike it ; but the Goat, who with impunity will eat Deadly Nightffiade and Tobacco, is faid fometimes to crop this naufeous plant ; it is the natural food of the caterpillar of the fcarlet tyger-moth ( Phalana Hommula ) which may be found on it in April and May. The CynogloJJum minus fio/io virente Ger. emac. 805, is confidered by LinnjeUs merely as a variety of this plant, and deferibed by Ray as growing in the London road between Kelvedon and Wit bam in Effiex, but more plentifully about Braxfied by the way fides. It has alfo been obferved in fome fhady lanes about Worcefier bji Mr. Pitts ; at Southend, by Bit ham , plentifully, Mr. J. Sherard; by the road fide, about a mile beyond Waltham-abbey , towards Harlow, Mr. Newton ; At Norbury in Surrey, a mile from Leatherhead, plentifully. Merr. Pin. * “ Mulier quidam Oxonienlis, et maritus cum liberis, et quotquot erant iftius familii, folia Cynogloffi (pro tenellis Symphysi foliis col left a) cofta, “ Ubere comedebant; et prandio mox omnes igre fe habebant, et non multo poft vomitus raolcltus infequebatur, deinde ltupore et lomnj correpti “ funt, nec poft horas fere 40 penitus excitati ; unus autem mortuus efti” t Blair’s Mifcellancous Obfervations, p. 55. 240 Menyanthes Buckbean. TRIFOLI AT A. MENYANTHES Lm. Gen, PI. Pentandria Monogynia. Corolla hirfuta. Stigma 2 -fidum. Cap/ i -Jocularis. Ran Syn. Gen. 18. Herb,® fructu sicco singulari, flore monopetalo. MENYANTHES tn foliata foliis ternatis. Lm. Syjl, Vegeiab. p. 164. Sp, P/, 208. FI. Suec. n. 172. ■ft. j Lappon. p. 50. MENYANTHES foliis ternatis. Haller Hijl. n. 633. MENYANTHES trifoliata. Scopoli FI. Carn. n. 212. TRIFOLIUM paluftre. Bauh. Pin. 327. TRIFOLIUM paludofum. Ger. emac. 1194. Parkin/. 1212. TRIFOLIUM fibrinum Tabem, et Germanorum. Rail Syn. p. 285. Marfh-Trefoil, Buckbeans. Hudfon FI. Angi. ed. 2. p. 85. Lighlfoot FI. Scot. p. 137. _ Oeder FI. Ban. 541. RADIX perennis, repens, longa, geniculata, fibrofa. CAULIS procumbens, varite longitudinis pro ratione loci, vaginis te&us. FOLIA petiolata, ternata, ovata, obtufa, utrinque gla- bra, venofa, margine repanda. PETIOLI teretes, ftriati, ball vaginati. SCAPUS fimplex, nudus, e vaginis foliorum natus, erec- tus, teres, glaber, foliis longior. THYRSUS terminalis, fubpyramidalis, nudus. BRACTEAE ovatae, acutiulcuke, concavae. CALYX : Perianthium raonophyllum, quinquepar- titum, bafi rugofum, laciniis ereCtis, oblongis, obtufis, laevibus, margine coloratis, fig. 1. COROLLA monopetala, campanulato-infundibulifor- mis, extus rofea, intus alba; Tubus craflus, calyce longior, quinque-fulcatus ; Limbus quin- que-partitus, laciniis ovato-lanceolatis, acuti- ufculis, reflexo-patentibus, intus barbatis, api- cibus nudis, barba longitudine calycis, fila- mentofa, alba. fig. 2. STAMINA: Filamenta quinque, fubulata, alba, co- rollae tubo adnata; Antherje purpurafcentes, fagittatae, apicibus incurvis ; Pollen flavum. fig- 3- PISTILLUM : Germen ovatum, viride, nitidum ; Stylus cylindricus, fuperne paululum in- craffatus, flaminibus duplo longior ; Stigma bilabiatum, flavum, villofum. fig. 4. t ROOT perennial, creeping, long, jointed and fibrous. I STALK procumbent, various in its length, according $ to its fituation, covered by the (heaths of the leaves. I LEAVES (landing on foot-ftalks, growing three toge- ther, ovate, obtufe, fmooth on both (ides, I veiny, the edge waved or ferpentine. t LEAF-STALKS round, ftriated, forming a (heath at I the bottom. I SCAPUS, or flowering ftem, Ample, naked, arifing from the (heaths of the leaves, upright, round, * fmooth, longer than the leaves. $ THYRSUS terminal, fomewhat pyramidal, naked. I FLORAL-LEAVES ovate, fomewhat pointed and hol- $ low. I CALYX : a Perianthium of one leaf, deeply divided y into five fegments, at bottom wrinkly, the I fegments upright, oblong, obtufe, fmooth, I and coloured on the edge. fig. 1. t COROLLA monopetalous, betwixt bell and funnel- | (haped, externally of a rofe colour, internally white ; Tube thick, longer than the calvx, I having five grooves •, Lmb divided into five $ fegments, wnich are narrow and pointed, I fpreading and turned back, bearded on the in- y fide, the tips naked, beard the length of the calyx, thready and white, fig. 2. I STAMINA: five Filaments, tapering, white, grow- ing to the tube of the corolla; Anthers I purplilh, arrow-fhaped, the tips bending in ; t Pollen yellow, fig. 3. I PISTILLUM : Germen ovate, green, (hining ; Style $ cylindrical, above a little thickened, twice the I length of the (lamina; Stigma compofed of $ two lips, green and villous, fig. 4. Parkinson informs us, that in his time this plant was generally called by the name of Marjb-trefioil, and fome- times Marjh-claver ; it is now generally known by the name of Buckbean , whether this be a corruption of the compound word Bog-bean, or of the low Dutch Boex boonen , hoc eft Phafeolum hircinum , or whether it be an ori- ginal Englifh word we (hall not prefume to determine, it being a point on which the learned themlelves are not agreed ; but there is one point in which all who have feen the Buckbean in perfection will at once agree, viz. that it is one of the mod beautiful plants this country can boaft, nor does it fuffer when compared with the Kalmia's , the Rhododendron s, and the Erica's of foreign climes, which are purchafed at an extravagant price, and kept up with much pains and expence, while this delicate native, which might be procured without any expence, and cul- tivated without any trouble, blofloms unfeen, and waftes its beauty in the defart air. It grows abundantly in mod boggy meadows, it will alfo flourifh in ponds and lakes, and may be found in Batter/ea Meadows , particularly about a hundred yards diftant from the Red Houfe towards Chelfea, alio plenti- fully in the marlhes about the iflaird of St. Helena , near Rotherhithe, and no where in greater plenty than in the marlhes about Staines, in many of which it is the principal plant. It flowers in May and June. To To filch as wifi, to have this plant flower with them in p^a^I would eS”ge“»I aTo'e * cultivation : colleft the roots of the plant either in Pr "o ’ Pf ; j epth in water, in which it fhould the bottom) filled with bog earth, immerli l the pot a iboul : two- thi jQWer it m’ay be br00ght into continue ; the advantage of this method is, continue to bloffom for two or three weeks. A fingle root ring May eight flowering fiems, many of which had fifteen or fmteen bloffoms on them. Jhe fcurvyio be one of the moil common difeafes of thofe who inhabited the countries adjacent. Many phyficiaus have a high opinion of its medical virtues. ( t • c f UL penetrating parts, a good diuretic and antifcorbutic , whence it is alfo of great ufe to people :: £5“ “ “ B''nHy ffAfi , theft cafes have been warranted by experience ; inveterate cutaneous difeafes have been removed :: ranf Mon of leaves drank to the tjuanJty of a pint a day, at proper intervals, and continued fome weeks.” Lewis’s Di/p. p. z+a. this head, lead its real virtues fliould be called in queflion. Dr. Tahcibu Robinson afferts, that flieep are cured of the rot by being driven to feed in marfbes where this plant abounds ; this, if true, would prove a moil valuable diicovery. Symphytum officinale. Comfrey. SYMPHYTUM Lin. Gen. PI. Pentandria Monogynia. Corolla limbus tubulato ventricofus : fauce claufa radiis fubu latis. Rail Syn. Gen. 13. Herbas Asperifoli.®. SYMPHYTUM officinale foliis ovato-lanceolatis decurrentibus. Lin. Syjl. Vegetab. p.158. Sp. PI. 195. FI. Suec. n. 165. SYMPHYTUM Haller. Hijl. n. 600. SYMPHYTUM Scofoli FI. Cam. n. 195. SYMPHYTUM Cohfolida major. Bauh. pin. 259. CONSOLIDA major. Gerard emac. 806. SYMPHYTUM majus vulgare. Parkinfon 523. Raii Syn. p. 230. Comfrey. Hudfon. FI. Angl. ed. 2. p. 81. Lightfoot FI. Scot. p. 134. RADIX perennis* magna, ramofa, extus nigricans, intus ^ ROOT perennial, large, branched, on the outfide alba, fubdulcenti-infipida* l'ucco tenaci gluti- | nofo abundans. blackilh, white within, maukifh, abounding , with a flimy juice. CAULIS bipedalis* eredliis, ramofus* teres, fubangula- 1 STALK about two feet high, upright, branched, round. tus, fcaber ; pube rigida;, recurva. FOLIA alterna, inferne petioldta* fuperne feffilia, decur- rentia, ovata, acuta, fpithamiea, etiam pedalia, parum rugbfa, venofa, utrinque fcabra, mar- gine lubundulita, ciliatai yet (lightly angular, rough; the hairs rigid ; and bending backwards. : LEAVES alternate, the lower ones (landing on foot- ftalks, the upper ones fefiile, decurrent, ovate, pointed, (even inches, or even a foot in length, ■ fomewhat wrinkly, veined, rough on both fides, the edges (lightly waved, and fringed with hairs. ; FLOWERS of a yellowilh white colour, rarely purple, drooping, placed on racemi or branches, which ufually grow two together, turn (pirally in- wards, and fupport many flowers. PEDUNCLES both of the racemi and flowers, round and very hairy. CALYX: a Perianthium of one leaf, hairy, deeply divided into five fegments, which are lanceo- late, keel’d and upright. Jig. 1. COROLLA funuel-fhaped, of a yellowilh white colour, deciduous; the tube thick, the length of the calyx, marked externally at the top with five fmall depreflions ; jig. 2. the limb ovate from the gradual widening of the tube, divided into five (hort roundifh fegments, which are rolled back ; the mouth doled with five long and pointed ne&aries, thick at the edge, with numerous teeth-like points, doling at top, (horter than the corolla. Jig. 4, 5. STAMINA : five, lanceolate, white, Ihortilh Fila- ments ; Anthers oblong, bifid both at top and at bottom, of a yellowilh colour, upright, . hid by the nedaries. Jig. 3. PISTILLUM : Germen quadripartitum : lobis fubro- I PISTILLUM : Germen divided into four lobes, which FLORES ex albo-lutefcehtes; rato purpUfei; cernui, racemofi, racemis plerumque geminis, invo- lutis, multifloris. PEDUNCULI racemorum & florum teretes, hirfuti. CALYX: Perianthium monophyllum, villofum, pro- funde quinquefidum : laciniis lanceolatis acutis, carinatis, eredis, fig. 1. COROLLA infundibuliformis, ex luteo-alba, decidua ; '■Tubus ciafibs, longitudine calycis, apice extus- notatus pundis quinque depreliis, jig. 2 ; limbus ovatus, e tubo fenfim ampliato, minutim quin- quefidus, laciniis brevibus, rotundatis, revo- lutis; faux claufa: fquamis nedareis quinque lanceolatis, acutis, margine craflis, ferrulato- dentatis, conniventibus, corolla brevioribus. fig' 4. 5' STAMINA : Fil amenta quinque, lanceolata, alba, breviufcula ; Anther ie oblonga:, apice et bafi | bifida:, lutefcentes, eredis, lub fquamis nec- | tareis occultata:. fig. 3 tundis, obtufis, viridibus ; Stylus fubulatus, albus, inter lobos germinis furgens, corolla i paulo longior, apice obliquus ; Stigma par- % vum, obtuium. Jig. 6. ? SEMINA quatuorin fundo calycis, majufcula, angulata, nigricantia, nitida. Jig. 7. are roundifh, blunt and green ; Style taper- ing, white, arifing from the middle betwixt the lobes, a little longer than the corolla, with I a fmall obliquity at top ; Stigma fmall and $ blunt. Jig. 6. I SEEDS four, in the bottom of the calyx, largilh, angu- $ lar, blackifh and (hining. Jig, 7. The Comfrey is a very common plant by river fides, on the edges of wet ditches, and in other moifl fixa- tions ; it flowers from June to September. Its blofloms are for the moll part of a yellowilh white colour, but in fome parts of England, and abroad, they are more commonly purple. As a medicinal plant the Comfrey has been held in high eftimation, its confolidating virtues have however been c arried to a ridiculous excels ; the roots, which are full of a glutinous juice, agree in quality with the roots of Marln-mallow, and hence are recommended, internally, in fpittings of blood, purgings, fluxes, and ulcers of the bladder ; external! v, by way of poultice to frefli wounds, fraftured bones, bad ulcers, bruifes, gouty fwellings, &c. A decoction of the powdered root, prepared in a particular manner, yields a fine fcarlet colour. Hellot icin' urc, p. 357. It h generally left on touched by cattle. I know of no plant, that on being repeatedly cut down, producca iuth a quantity of herbage. ’ r ■ ■ . ■ • < Vinca major. Great Periwinkle. VINCA Lin. Gen. PI. Pentandria Monogynia. Contorta. Folliculi 2, eredi, Semina nuda. Rail. Sy?i. Gen. 17. Herb.® multisiliqu.® set; corniculatje. VINCA major caulibus eredis, foliis ovatis, floribus pedunculatis. Lin. Syjl. Vegetab. p. 304. PERVINCA caulibus eredis, foliis ovato-lanceolatis ciliatis, petiolis unifloris. Haller, hijl. n. 573» PERVINCA major. Scopoli FI. Cam. n. 174. CLEMATIS daphnoides major. Bauh. pin, 332. CLEMATIS daphnoides s. Pervinca major. Ger.emac. .894. CLEMATIS daphnoides latifolia, f Pervinca major. Parkins. 280. Raii Syn. p. 268. The greater Pe- riwinkle. Hudfon FI. Angi. ed. p. 91. 6 RADIX perennis, fibrofa, fibris albidis feu fulcis. CAULES florigeri eredi, bipedales et ultra, teretes, lateribus alterne fubcompreflis, glabri, rubro maculati, cauliculi etiam funt Heriles qui hu- mi repent aut plantas vicinas fcandent. FOLIA oppofita, petiolata, ovata, glaberrima, minu- tim ciliata, remota, fempervirentia. PEDUNCULI foliis longiores, eredi, teretes, glabri; filiformes, uniflori. FLORES ampli, pallide caerulei. CALYX: PerianthiUm quinquepartitum, laciniis fublinearibus, ciliatis, longitudine fere tubi corollae, Jig. 1 . COROLLA monopetala, hypocrateriformis, tubus in- ferne cylindraceus, fuperne latior, lineis quin- que infculptus, ore pentagono, albido, limbus horizontalis, quinquepartitus, laciniis extror- fum latioribus, oblique truncatis, jig. 2. STAMINA: Filamenta quinque breviffima, inflexa, retroflexa; Anthers biloculares, introrfum dehifcentes, membrana pilosa incurva termi- natae. Jig. 3. PISTILLUM. Germina duo, compreffa glandulis duabus nitidis liquorem melleum copiofe ef- fundentibus; Stylus utrique unus commu- nis, ad bafin fenfim gracilefcens ; Stigmata duo, inferius orbiculatum, planum, fuperius albiflimum, pilofum, membranis antherarum obteda. jig. 4. ROOT perennial and fibrous, the fibrous whitifh or of a brown colour. STALKS producing the flowers upright, two feet high and upwards, round, the fides alternately fomewhat flattened, fmooth, dotted with red, there are alfo other flalks producing no flowers which creep on the ground or climb the neighbouring plants. LEAVES oppofite, Handing on footflalks ovate, fmooth, fhining finely edged with hairs, re- mote from each other, and evergreen. FLOWER-STALKS longer than the leaves, upright, round, fmooth, filiform, each fupporting one flower. 0 FLOWERS large, of a pale blue colour. CALYX : a Perianthium divided into five fegments the fegments fomewhat linear, ciliated al- moft the length of the tube of the corolla. fig- 1. COROLLA monopetalous, falver-fhaped, the tube below, cylindrical, above broader, having five grooves, the mouth whitilb, five cornered, the limb horizontal, divided into five feg- ments which are externally broadeft, and ob- liquely cut off. Jig. 2. STAMINA: five Filaments very Ihort, firft bent m, and afterwards bent back ; Anther* bi- locular, opening inwardly, terminated by a . ha"7 membrane bent in at top. fa. . PISTILLUM : Germina two, prefibd by two fhining glands which pour forth plentifully a fweet liquor ; Style one common to both, gra- dually tapering to the bafe; Stigmata two the lowetmoft round and flat, the uppermoft very hairy, covered by the membrane of the anthers. Jig. 4. Xn Ihc Syftema Fegetatiti'um of Linmos, the laft of his works publifhed under his direflion , fufpefted to be a variety of th vVincaminor, a fufpicion for which there' appears to be no grounds and whLP‘ ‘S trary to the united opinion of Botamfts both antient and modem ; the minor it is true his manv’ y u C?n" relate to the colour of the blofloms, and leaves, and the multiplication of the former mLeV ^ ' thT produced m the general habit of the plant, not even by long continued culture ■ Haller 15 rafter of the major, obferves that the leaves are finely edged with hairs, fo ftr “ our obfovadl Ivt A ^ is conflant, and may ferve, if any difficulty of diftinguifliing them ihould arife to fettle it ' “tends this The major, like the mmor, is common enough with us in gardens, but rarely met with wild „ r c noticed it m feveral places, particularly under Lord Stormont's Park pales, on the left hand fide’ fVl, 1 h“ ? and PUtney-C°mm0n’ “din near Beckenham, intnfwh^ if tste^t it flowers in May and June. It is regarded only as an ornamental plant, but Ihould be introduced into the garden with caution as 'e creafes very much, and is apt to over-run and injure others. 6 caution, as it en- d, round, fmooth, and generally branched* ; LEAVES alternate. Handing on foot-llalks, ovate, ob- ; tufej perfectly entire, Ihining, marked ’with few veins, and thofe dillant. ■LEAF-STALKS Ihort, and broad. FLOWERS fmall, white, growing in fpikes. FLOWER-STALKS numerous, placed in no regular order, nearly upright, each fupporting one flower, round, having a fmall pointed floral- leaf growing from the middle of each. .CALYX: a Perianthium deeply divided into five feg- ments, placed above the germen, blunt at the bafe, the fegments upright and permanent./*-. 1. COROLLA monopetalous, falver-fhaped. Tube very Ihort, the length of the calyx, open. Limb flat, deeply divided into five fegments, which are obtufe ; five very Ihort Scales which clofe inward, are fituated at the mouth of this tube fg‘ 2, 3. STAMINA : five Ihort Filaments placed beneath each fegment of the corolla. Anthers doling together, of a yellow colour, within the tube of the corolla, fig. 4. PISTILLUM : Germen beneath the calyx. Style thread-lhaped, nearly the length of the lla- mina. Stigma forming a little head. fir. c SEED-A ESSEL : a roundilh Capfule, covered by the calyx, of one cavity, the mouth having five teeth, which turn back .Jig. 6. SEEDS numerous, fmall and black. Receptacle round and large, fig. 7, 8. It flowers in July. No particular ufes are attributed to it. . ' . ' ■ ■■ X I Campanula rotundifolia. Heath Bell-flower. CAMPANULA Lin. Gen. PI. Pentandria Monogynia. Cor. campauulata, fundo claufo valvis flaminiferis. Stigma trifidum. Caps, infera, poris lateralibus dehifcens. Rail Syn. Gen. 18. Herb® fructu sicco singulari flore monopet alo. CAMPANULA rotundifolia foliis radicalibus reniformibus, caulinis linearibus. Lin.SyJl. Vegetab. p. 17J. Sp. Plant, p. Z32. FI. Suec. n. 184. CAMPANULA foliis ferratis, radicalibus cordatis, caulinis lanceolatis. Haller. Hi/L 701» CAMPANULA rotundifolia. Scopoli FI. Cam. n. 124. CAMPANULA minor rotundifolia vulgaris. Bauhin pin. 93. CAMPANULA rotundifolia. Ger. emac. 452. CAMPANULA minor fylveflris rotundifolia. Parkinfon 651. Rail Syn. p. 277. The lefter roun<3- leaved Bell-flower. Hudfon . FI. Angl. ed. 2. p. 95. Lightfoot FI. Scot. p. 141. RADIX alba, crafliufcula, modice fibrofa, fubdulcis, t ROOT white, thickifh, moderately fibrous* fweetifhj repens. f and creeping. CAULES ex una radice plures, pedales et ultra, fub- 1 STALKS ; from the fame root feveral, a foot or more ere&i, debiles, flexuofi, teretes, glabri, folidi, | in height, fomewhat upright, but weak and la&efcentes, ramofi. t crooked, round, fmooth, folid, milky, and I branched. FOLIA radicalia cordato-reniformia, petiolata, dentato- f LEAVES of the root fomewhat heart or kidney fhaped, ferrata, caulina prope bafin lanceolata, dentata, | Banding on footftalks, toothed, or favved, l'umma linearia, integerrima. $ thole of the Balk near the bafe lanceolate and toothed, near the fummit linear and entire. RAMI floriferi, patuli, fimplices feu ramofi, fubnudi. | FLOWER-BRANCHES fpreading, Ample or branched, t almoB naked. FLORES perfe&e campanulati, casrulei, parum nutantes. | FLOWERS perfectly bell-fhaped, of a blue colour, and t drooping a little. CALYX: Perianthium quinquepartitum, ere£tum, | CALYX : a Perianthium divided into five fegments, glabrum, fulcatum, perfiBens, laciniis linea- •% upright, fmooth, grooved, permanent, the ribus. Jig. 1. | fegments linear, jig. r. COROLLA monopetala, campanulata, limbo quinque- 1 COROLLA monopetalous, bell-Biaped, divided into fido, laciniis acutis, patentibus. Jig. 2. | five fegments at the brim, which are pointed I and fpreading. Jig. 2. STAMINA: Filamenta quinque, capillaria, bre- f STAMINA : five very fine, fliort Filaments inferted viflima, inferta valvularum ne&arii apicibus ; | into the tips of the valves of the ne&ary ; Anther.® filamentis longiores, compreflie, •% Anther® longer than the filaments, flatten’d, primo purpurafcentes, dein fufcas. Jig. 3, 4, 5. | at firfl purplilh, afterwards brown. Jig. 3, 4, 5. PISTILLUM: Germen inferum, fulcatum; Stylus ^ PISTILLUM : Germen beneath the calyx, grooved; filiformis ; Stigma tripartitum, oblongum, | Style thread-fhaped ; Stigma oblong, crafliufculum, externe villofum, laciniis revo- ^ thickifh, externally villous, divided into three lutis, jig. 6. 7, 8. i fegments which are rolled back. Jig. 6, 7, 8. NECTARIUM in fundo corollse, conflru£tum valvulis | NECTARY in the bottom of the corolla, formed of quinque, acutis, conniventibus, receptaculum t five pointed valves clofing and covering the tegentibus. Jig. 5. | receptacle. Jig. 5. When the Campanula rotundifolia grows among herbage, its radical leaves, which are of a roundifh figure, at leafl compared with moB of the plants of the lame genus, are feldom obferved, unlefs particularly fought for, while thofe of the Balk are feen by every one to be linear ; hence the name of rotundfolia to mofl beginners appears abfurd. Linnaeus in giving it this name has followed the antient Botanifls, as will appear from con- fulting the lynonyms. This plant, as well as the Epilobium angujlifolium , points out to the fiudent the neceffity of attending to the following botanic axiom, thofe blojfoms which are on the point of expanfonjhew the fruSlure of the famina to the mojl advantage , as thofe which are overblown do that of the Jligma. Subject to the fame variation in point of fize with all other plants, it may be found from * two inches to a yard in height, its radical leaves in certain fituations are found without any notches, in which cafe it is more truly rotundfolia ; its blofl'oms alfo vary in their colour, being fometimes found white and fometimes purple. The Balks and branches, when broken, give out a milky juice, which has a difagreeable fmell. It grows plentifully on heaths, and by the road fides in barren hilly fituations, and flowers from June to September. Having a perennial and a creeping root it is eafily cultivated in the Garden. Linnjeus fays a green pigment is prepared from the flowers, but does not inform us in what manner. Mr. Lightfoot found it of that height in Scotland. Ch ironia Centaurium. Centaury. CHIRONIA Lin. Gem Pl. PentandRia Monogynia. Con rotata. Pijlillum declinatum. Stamina tubo corolla infidentia. Anther a demum fpirales. Pericarp. 2-loculare RaiiSyn. Gen. 18. Herba: fructu sicco singulari flore monopetalcI. CHIRONIA Centaurium. GENTIANA Centaurium corollis qu'mquefidis infundibuliformibus, caule dichotomo, piftillo fimplici. Lin. Syji. Vegetab. p. 122. Sp. Plant, p. 332. FI. Suec. n. 232. GENTIANA caule dichotomo 3 floribus infundibuliformibus, ftriatis* quinquefidis. Baller i FUJI. n. 648. GENTIANA Centaurium. Scopoli FL Cam. n. 293. CENTAURIUM minus Bauh. Pin. 278, CENTAURIUM minus vulgare. Parkins. 272. CENTAURIUM parvum. Gerard, emac. 547. Saii Syn. p. 286. Small Purple Cento'ry. Badfott FI. Angl. ed. 2. p. 102. Lightfoot Fl. Scot. p. 1 52. RADIX annua* fibrofa, lignofa, flavefcens. ¥ROOT annual, fibrous, woody, and of a yellowifli I colour. CAULIS fpithamaeus, et ultra, ere&us, plerumque, I STALK about feven inches high or more, upright, - fimplex, glaber, angulofus. | generally Ample, fmooth, and angular. FOLIA oppofita, feflilia, glabra, radicalia oblonga, | LEAVES oppofite, feflile, fmooth, thofe of the root apice obtufa, bafi angufhta, caulina ovato- 1 oblong, blunt at the point and narrowed at lanceolata, ere£ta, trinervia, fuperioribus fiepe^: the bafe ; thofe of the ftalk narrow, pointed, incurvis. ¥ upright, three-ribbed, the uppermofl: often I bent inward. FLORES rofei, corymbofi, eretti, feffiles. ¥ FLOWERS rofe-coloured, growing in a corymbus, I upright, and feflile. CALYX: Perianthium monophyllum, quinquefi- ^ CALYX : a Perianthium of one leaf, divided into dum, eredum, coroll* fubagglutinatum, per- | five fegments, upright, flightly glued to the fiftens, laciniis fubulatis, fubtriangularibus, % corolla, permanent, the fegments tapering to membrana connexis. Jig. 1, 2 . auSl. | a point, fomewhat triangular, conne&ed by a ^ membrane. Jig. 1, 2. magnijied. COROLLA monopetala, infundibuliformis, tubus cy- f COROLLA monopetalous, funnel- fhaped, the tube cy- lindraceus, ftriatus, tenuiffimus, calyce duplo I lyndrical, flriated, extremely thin, twice the longior, limbus quiuquepartitus, roleus, laci- ? length of the calyx, limb divided into five feg- fiiis ovatis, patentibus. Jig. 3. | *■ merits, of a rofe-colour, the fegments ovate % and fpreading. Jig. 3. STAMINA: Filamenta quinque, alba, filiformia, ex | STAMINA : five Filaments, white, thread- fhaped, apice tubi enata. Antheras oblong*, in-| fpringing from the top of the tube. An- cumbentes, flav*, demum fpiraliter contort*. | theras oblong, incumbent, of a yellow co- fig- 4. 5. 6. lour, finally twilled. Jig. 4, 5, 6. PISTILLUM: Germen. oblongum, tubum corollas im- i PISTILLUM : Germen oblong, filling the tube of plens. Stylus albus, filiformis, germine | the corolla. Style white, of equal, thick- dimidio brevior, declinatus, aliquando bifidus, f nefs throughout, half the1 length of the ger- Stigma craffum, bilobum, villofum, Jig. 7,| men, inclining to one fide, fometimes bifid. 8, 9. % Stigma thick, compofed of two lips and I villous. Jig. 7, 8, 9. PERICARPIUM: Capsula oblonga, acuta* nitida, | SEED-VESSEL : a Capsule, of an oblong fhape. tubo coroll* obteda, bilocularis, bipartibilis, i I pointed, fhining, covered by the tube of the corolla, divifible into two parts, with a cavity SEMINA numerofa, parva, fubrotunda, flavefcentia. I SEEDS numerous, fmall, roundifh, of a yellowifh •t colour. Thofe who have been accuflomed to confider this well-known plant as a Gentiana, will be flartled at feeing it here firft announced as a Chironia; but when they come attentively to examine its parts of frudification, they will wonder how they could lo readily acquiefce in joining it to a genus with which its flrudure is wholly irrecon- cilable. It agrees perfedly with Linnaeus’s charader of the genus Chironia, the eflence of which confifts in its twijled Anther a ; and it is worthy of obfervation, that the bloffoms of two of the Chironia' s, not unfrequentlv met with in the gardens of the curious, are of the fame colour as the Centaury. Thefe fads have induced me to add a new genus to the Englifh Catalogue, whereby this plant fortunately aflumes its proper name*. The Centaury grows wild in dry and barren fields, on heaths by the fides of hedges, and fometimes in woods, where it ufually acquires a greater height. In the neighbourhood of Charlton and Coombe Woods it is not unfrequent, and flowers in July and Auguft. A variety, with white flowers, is not uncommon. This herbis extremely bitter, with a difagreeable tafle, whence, Baron Haller obferves, the ancients called it fel terra, or gall of the earth. From an idea, however, that all bitters are good flom.achic medicines, it has acquired no fmall degree of medicinal fame, and is particularly recommended in all weakneffes of the Stomach ; alio in the Jaundice, Green-ficknefs, Worms, Agues, Gout, Scurvy, &c. It may be given in fubflance to a drachm; in infufion or deco&ion to two ounces ; the extra£lto a fcruple. Authors have remarked, that it is a plant very difficult of cultivation. * Cen.taury has it name nncwpo, or *,»T48. Scopoii FI. Cam, n. 266; ' MYRRH1S fylveftris femimbus Levibus. Eauhin. Pin. 170. CICUTARIA vulgaris. Dod. Pempt. 701. MYRRHIS fylveftris. Parkinfon , 935. CICUTARIA alba Lugduaenfis. Gir. cmac. 1038. Rail Syn.p. 'ioi. Wild Chervil. Hudjhn. Fh JnA. p. 124. Ltghtfaot FI. Scot. p. , 67. RADIX perennis, craffitie digiti intermedii, ad bafin J ROOT perennial, the thicknefs of the middle finger iaipius ramofa, extus palhde fufca, intns ah l moft commonly branching out from the bafe’ btda, fuccum vtx laflenm fnndens. | externally of a pale-btow® colour, internally t whitifh, full of a juice which can fcarcely be An attt to ? called milky. CALUS bipedal, s et ultra ereftus, craffitie digiti mi- 1 STALK two feet high and upwards, upright, the thick- nimi, hftulofus, iulcatus, plerumque yillofus,| nefs of the little finger, hollow grooved et laepius purpurafcens, ramofus, geniculatus, | generally villous, and moft commonly purplifh- geniculis paululum incraffatis ; rami fuberecli, | branched, jointed, joints fomewhat thickened • minus pubefcentes. J branches nearly upright, lefs hoary than the ftalk. FOLIA radicalia multipUcato-pinnata, f*pe ampliffima ; f LEAVES next the root many times pinnated, often very Coftas hirfutae, fiftulofae, dorfb acute angulatae, | i— t>:l_ l C . - . 3 antice canaliculate, ortaeque ex vagina brevi ^ ftriataque, pinnulas lanceolatas, acutas, ferrato- * incifae, plerumque hirfut®; caulina et ramea | fucceffive minora minufque divifa, casterum t fimilia, fuperiora faspe oppofita aut terna cum | totidem ramis axillaribus. | large; the Ribs hirfute^ fiftulous, forming a fharp angle on the back, hollow in front, and arifing from a fhort ftriated (heath, the fmall pinnas lanceolate, pointed, deeply and irregu- larly ferrated, generally hirfute, the leaves of the ftalk and branches fucceffively fmaller, and lefs divided, in other refpedls fimilar, the up- | per ones often oppofite or growing three toge- T a? 1 • r 1 i r , - I ther> with as man7 Hilary branches. UMBLLL^E plamufculas, nec denfas, nec plant® ratione | UMBELLS flattifh, neither thick nor large for the fize amplae, ante anthehn nutantes, radiis compo- $ of the plant, drooping before the expanfion of ht® a feptem ad oftodecim, gracilibus, tereti- 1 the flowers, compofed of feven to eighteen rTrn/AT lab-1S' rr „ • , , , I radii» which are flendef, found, and fmooth. INVOLUCRUM umverfale nullum, partiale pentaphyl- 1 IN VOLUCRUM the general one wanting, the partial lum et ultra, foliolis acuminato-ovatis, con- | one compofed of five leaves or more, which are cavis, glabris ad eras fubciliatis, umbellulisf ovate, pointed, hollow, fmooth, -fomewhat duplo brevioribus, tandem reflexis. | hairy on the edges, twice as fhort as the fmall t?r ayd rc ■ ! umbells, finally turned back. FLORES inodori, pauci ftenles. | FLOWERS fcentlefs, a few of them barren; COROLLA: Petala plana, et obverfe ovata, albida, | COROLLA : Petals flat, inverfely ovate; whitiffi centralium flofculorum fubaequalia, exteriorum J thofe of the central flowers nearly equal but vero extimum majus, et fubcordato emargina- I the outermoft of the outer ones largeft fome- eh->An/n^T^UmV“^' ■ * *» 3* . f what heart-fhaped and nicked. fig. i, L 3 STAMINA: Filamenta quinque albida, brevia et | STAMINA: Filaments five, whitifh,' fhort and de- caduca. Anther.® fubrotundas, didymas, fla- % ciduous. Anther® nearly round* double „ vefeentes. Jig. 4. | and yellowifh. Jig. 4. PISTILLUM: Germen inferum, turbinatum, utrinque { PISTILLUM : Germen placed beneath the corolla comprefliufculum lucidum ; glandula ne£lari-| broadeft at top, flattifh on both fides, fluffing fera coronatum. Styli duo, albi, parviufculi. * crowned with a ne&ariferous gland. Styies Stigmata fimplicia. fig. 5, 6. | two, white and fmall. Stigmata fimole I fig- 5> 6. SEMINA duo, oblonga, antice falcate, carterum teretia, , SEEDS two oblong, with a groove in the fore-part ltevia, nitida, nigricantia, inodora, fapore vix | round, fmooth, Alining, Mackilh, without ullo. jig. 7. $ feent, and almoft taftelels. Jig. 7. In many parts of the kingdom this plant is well known by the name of Cow-par /lev, a term we adopt in preference to Cow-weed, or wild Chervil ; the former being applicable to the Cowparjhep alio, and the latter more properly belonging to the Scandix Cerefolium and odorata. Linnxus’s lpecific character of this ChxropbyUum is only applicable to the upper part of the plant ; the lower part of the ftalk, by which it is moft obvioufly diftinguiflied, is ftrongly grooved, and covered with numerous fhort hairs. It is one of the moft common, as well as the earlieft in bloflom, of our umbelliferi , flowering in warm fituations in April , and generally with us in May. It grows chiefly in orchards, paftures, and under hedges. In fhel'tered fituations it produces a large crop of early foliage ; hence it has been recommended by fome writers on agriculture as worthy the attention of the Farmer, more efpecially as cows are faid to be fond of it. To rabbits it is a luxurious treat, as thofe who keep them pretty generally know. In time of fcarcity the young leaves, in fome parts of the kingdom, are ufed as a pot-herb : the boiled roots are faid to have a poifonous quality, perhaps without any foundation LrNN®us remarks, in his Flora Suecica , that its prefence indicates a fertile foil j and that its flowers are capable of communicating a yellow dye to woollen cloth. ' ^ ' ■■ -.nr. ■ • ' . •: , :: .'Ii ■ , . ; •. '• i - ' '■ ' ' .. , •: : ■ ■ ; . •i •• .i . .* asfc» il Jf • ffttStij r; - r ' '•>.* :j , :svi • ,i.U * : ' • «C . ..i«V/ci. «r r :o!J i" ' -r . . : ' . -.u • '.ili...- ■ ■ * . ra» a;:'. : , ■ V,*»* . . .. Myosurus minimus M O U S E-T A I L MYOSURUS Lin. Gen. PI. Pentandria Polygynia. Ceil. 5-phylIus, bafi adnatus, NeSiaria 5 fubulata» petaliformia. Seta, numerofa. RaiiSyn. Gen. 15. Herba; semine nudo polyspermy. MYOSURUS minimus. Lin. Syjt. Vcgttab. p. 254. Sf. PL p. 407. FI. Sutc. n. 2;6. MYOSURUS. Haller. Hijl. n. 1159. HOLOSTEO adfinis Cauda muris. Baub. Pin. 190. CAUDA MURINA. Dod. Pempt. 112. RANUNCULUS gramineo folio, flore caudato, feminibus in capitulum fpicatum congeflis. Tournefort Injl. 293. MYOSUROS. Dillen. Nov. Gen. p. 108. t. 4. HOLOSTEUM Loniceri, Cauda muris vocatum. Park. 500. CAUDA MURIS. Gerard emac. 426. Raii Syn. 25 r. Moufe-tail. Lightjoot FI. Scot. p. 179. Hudjon FI. Angl. ed. 2. p. 13O. RADIX annua, fibrofa. FOLIA, omnia radicalia, viginti circiter in planta media: magnitudinis, erecta, longitudini inaequali, linearia, fuperne latiora, comprefla, utrinque obfolete canaliculata, glabra, iubcarnofa, ob- tufa, e flavo-viridia, bail rubicunda. SCAPI quatuor, quinque, aut plures, uniflori, ereCti, bipollicares et ultra, foliis longiores, teretes, fuperne paulo crafliores, glabri. CALYX: Perianthium pentaphyllum, foliolis ob- longis, obtufis, concavis, herbaceis, patenti- bus. Unguibus poftice elongatis, appreflis. acuminatis. Jig. 1, 2. COROLLA : Petala quinque, calyce breviora, minu- tiflima, flavefeentia, unguiculata, limbo patente, bafi fubtubulofa. Jig. 3. auCt. 5. STAMINA: Filamenta quinque, vel plura, longitu- dine fere calycis, receptaculo iulerta, fili- formia, alba, ereCta. Anthery oblonga;, lutefeentes. Jig. 4. PISTILLUM : Germina numerofa, receptaculo in for- mam conico-oblongam infidentia. Styli nulli. Stigmata minima, fimplicia. Jig. 6. PERICARP1UM nullum. Receptaculum longiffimum ftyliforme, feminibus imbricatim dilpofitis tedium, fig. 7. SEMINA numerofa, comprefla, mucronata. Jig. 8, 9. | SEEDS numerous, fiat,' and pointed, fig. 8, 9, fROOT annual and fibrous. | LEAVES, all of them radical, about twenty in a plant I of a middling fize, upright, of unequal length, f linear, broadeft at top, and flattened, faintly $ channeled on each fide, fmooth, fomewhat I flelhy, blunt, of a yellowifh green colour, $ and reddifh at the bafe. I FLOWERING-STEMS four, five, or more, each fupport- ing one flower, upright, two inches or more I in length, longer than the leaves, round, fmooth, and a little thickeft at the top. f CALYX: a Perianthium of five leaves, the leaves I oblong, obtufe, hollow, herbaceous, fpreading. I Claws lengthened out behind, prefled to the I flowering Item, and tapering to a point. Jig. t I, 2. I COROLLA: five Petals, fhorter than the calyx, $ very minute, of a yellowifh colour, clawed, t the limb fpreading,' fomewhat tubular at its I bafe. fig. 3. magn. 5. $ STAMINA: F ilaments five or more, almoft the I length of the calyx, fixed to the receptacle, thread- fhaped, white, upright. Anthery I oblong and yellowifh. fig. 4. £ PISTILLUM : Germina numerous, fitting on a re- | ceptacle, of an oblong, conic fhape. Styles I none. Stigmata very fmall and Ample. I M- 6; I SEED-VESSEL none. Receptacle very long, ftyle- | fhaped, covered with feeds, laying one over another.^. 7. Some of the early Botanifts gave to this plant the name of Moufe-tail , more from the general appearance of the plant than any particular attention to generic character. Tournefort afterwards arranged it with the Ranunculi , Dillenius, not iatisfied with fuch arrangement, made a diftinCt genus of it ; which has been adopted by Linnjeus. The ftruCture of the whole fructification is Angular, and deferving the attention of the young Bctanift; in particular, he lhould be careful to diftinguifh the Corolla from the Stamina. This delicate little annual grows in corn and clover-fields, and by path-fides, efpecially where water has been apt to flagnate. It is found about IJlington, Paddington, and Pancra fs; but with more certainty in the fields about Dulwich, efpecially on the right-hand-iide of Lor dfiip- lane, near Dulwich Wood. It flowers in May and June, and iipens it feed in July and. Augufi. Peplis Portula Water Purslane. PEPLIS Lin. Gen. PI. Hexandria monogynia. Perianth, campanulatum : ore 12-fido. Petala 6, calyci inferta. Cap/. 2-locularis. Rail Syn. Gen. 25. Herb;e hexapetalas et polypetal^e vasculifera:. PEPLIS Portula floribus apetalis. Lin. Syjl. Vegetab. p. 283. Sp. PI. p. 474. FI. Suec. n. 31 1. PEPLIS petalis fenis, fepiffime apetala. Haller. Hifi. n. 856. ALSINE paluftris minor ferpyllifolia. Bauh.pin. 120. ANAGALLIS Serpyllifolia aquatica. 1. B. III. p. 372. GLAUX aquatica folio fubrotundo. Loefel. p. 106. ic. 20. GLAUX altera fubrotundo folio. Boccone t. 84. Vaillant. Boi. par. t. 15. f. 5. GLAUCOIDES paluftre portulacre folio, purpureo flore. Michel, p. 21. t. 18- PORTULA. Dillen. Nov. PI. Gen. p. 133. t. 7. ALSINE rotundifolia f. Portulaca aquatica. GV. em. 614. ALSINE aquatica minor folio oblongo f. Portulaca aquatica. Park. 1260. Raii Syn. p.368. Water Purflane. Hudfon. FI. Angl. ed. p. 147. Lightfoot FI. Scot. p. 187. RADIX annua, fibrofa. CAULIS palmaris et ultra, tetragonus, repens, ramofus, laevis, rubicundus, geniculatus. FOLIA oppofita, fubrotunda, petiolata, integerrima, glabra, nervo medio rubicundo. FLORES oppofiti, axillares, fefliles, minimi. CALYX: Perianthium monophyllum, campanula- tum, perfiftens, maximum, ore duodecimfido, denticulis alternis minoribus, reflexis, fig. 1. COROLLA : Petala raro fex, ovata, minutiffima, rofea, calycis fauci inferta, fig. 2. STAMINA : Filamenta fex, fubulata, brevia. An- thera: fubrotundae. fig. 3. PISTILLUM : Germen ovatum. Stylus breviffimus. Stigma orbiculatum, fig. 4. PERICARPIUM : Capsula fubrotunda, bilocularis, tenuiflima, pellucida, fig. 5. SEMINA plurima, minima, albida, angulata, fig. 6. \ ■ ROOT annual and fibrous. :: STALK a hand’s breadth or more in length, fquare, ; creeping, branched, fmooth and red. I LEAVES oppofite, roundifh, Handing on foot-ftalks, perfectly entire, fmooth and fhining, the mid- : rib reddifh. ;; FLOWERS oppofite, in the alae of the leaves, feffilc ; ; and very fmall. :: CALYX: a Perianthium of one leaf, bell-fhaped, permanent, very large (in proportion to the ■: petals), the mouth cut into five fegments, of ; ; which the alternate ones are leaft and turned • ■ back. fig. 1 . ' ; COROLLA : Petals feldom fo many as fix, ovate, very fmall, rofe- coloured, inferted into the mouth of the calyx, fig. 2. ;; STAMINA: fix Filaments, tapering and fhort. An- therje roundifh. fig. 3. PISTILLUM: Germen ovate. Style very fhort. Stigma round, fig. 4. : : SEED-VESSEL : a roundifh Capsule of two cavities extremely thin and pellucid, fig. 5. if SEEDS numerous, very minute, whitifh and angular. The numerous fynonyms prefixed to the defcription of this plant fhew in what a variety of lights it has been viewed by different Botanifts. Thole of early times called it A/fine, as they did almofl: every plant whofe parts of Iru&ifi cation were fmall, and which bore the moft diftant fimilitude to Chick-weed. Micheli and Dillenius in their refpe&ive Nova Genera wrought much reformation in thefe minute plants; and if they did not arrive at the ultimatum of defcription and figure, they paved the way to it. The Peplis Portula is a very common plant in pools of water that are apt to be dried up in the fummer, particu- larly on heaths. It flowers from June to Auguft. Its petals are very minute, and frequently fall fhort of their proper number. a •/. . . X'TA W • • • i . - • Vv- • • ■ ' . • • -• ••••-' ' v ■ ■ tv ' ; ' ; . ' ' " •• ' ' .. . .. : •• A •• ■ >' ' Of , -■ ; Polygonum amphibium. Amphibious Persicaria. POLYGONUM Lin. Gen. PI. Octandria Trigynia. Cal. o. Cor. 5-partita, calycina. Sem. 1. angulatum. Raii Syn. Gen. 5. Herb.e flore imperfecto seu stamineo vel apetalo potius. POLYGONUM amphibium floribus pentaridris femidigynis, fpica ovata. Lin. Syfl. Vegetab p jp Sp. P/. 51 7. FI. Suec. n. 341. ^ POLYGONUM foliis ovato lanceolatis ciliatis, fpicis ovatis. Haller Hjjl. n. 1565. POTAMOGETON falicis folio. Baub. pin. 193. FONTALIS major longifolia. ParkinJ. 1254. POTAMOGITON anguftifolium. Ger. emac. 821. PERSICARIA falicis folio perennis. Rail Syn. Perennia) Willow-leaved Arfmart, commonly called narrow-leaved Pondweed. Hudfon FI. Angl. ci. a. p. 169. Lightfoot Ft. Scot. p. 207. Oeder Fl. Dan. t. 282. Phrelkeld Syn. S/irp. Hibern. RADIX perennis, repens, craffitie culmi triticei majoris, t e rubro-fufca, ex hortis live agris difficillime | eruta. I i CAULIS fefquipedalis et ultra, adfcendens, plerumque f fimplex, teres, fiftulolus, faipius ruber, geni- f culis tumidiufculis. * f FOLIA petiolata, cordato-lanceolata, hirfutula, ciliata, | rigidula, faturate viridia, faspe maculata, fub- I undulata, alterna, patentia. | f ¥ STIPULAE long*, muticae, hirfut*, vaginantes, caulem I ar£le cingentes. y ¥ PEDUNCULI folitarii, feu gemini, hirfuti, rubri, ad f n' " ’ • ’ ' • ¥ I - — — lliixuu, 1 UUII, unum latus compreflo-fulcati, vix terminales. | SPICAE ruberrima, primo pyramidales, demum ovat*. I CALYX : Perianthium pedicellatum, quinque-parti- I tum, coloratum, perfiftens, laciniis ovatis, | obtufis. jig. 1. | COROLLA nulla. ¥ STAMINA: Filamenta quinque, aut fex, fundo f calycis inferta, fubulata, alba, calyce longiora ; * Antheras didym* ; Pollen album, globo- f fum. Jig. 2. PISTILLUM: Germen fubovatum, rubrum j Stylus | ad medium ufque divifus ; Stigmata duo, f rotunda. Jig. 3. t SEMEN ovatum, utrinque compreffum, acutum, niti- f dum, e nigro caftaneum. Jig. 4. | ROOT perennial, creeping, the thicknefs of a large wheaten ftraw, of a reddifh brown colour, with the greatefl: difficulty rooted out of "dr- dens or fields. STALK a foot and ’a half or more in length, bending upward, generally Ample, round, hollow, rnofl commonly of a red colour, the joints a little fwelled. LEAVES Handing on footflalks, lanceolate, with a heaft-fliaped bafe, flightly hirfute, edged with hairs, harfli to the touch, of a deep green co- lour, often fpotted, fomevvhat waved, alternate, and fpreading. STIPULAE long, not fringed with hairs at the extre- mity, hirfute, forming a fheath, which cloftly furrounds the ftalk. FLOWER-STALKS growing fingly, or two together, hirfute, red, on one fide flattened, and flightly grooved, not properly terminal. SPIKES of the flowers of a bright red colour, at firfl pyramidal, afterwards ovate. CALYX : a Perianthium on a footflalk, divided into five fegments, coloured and permanent, the fegments ovate and obtufe. pig. 1. COROLLA wanting. STAMINA : five Filaments inferted into the bottom of the calyx, tapering, white, longer than the calyx ; Antheeje double ; Pollen white and globular. Jig. 2. PISTILLUM: Germen fomewhat ovate, and of a red colour ; Style divided as far as the middle ; Stigmata two, round, jig. 3. SEED ovate, flattened on each fide, pointed, glofly, of a dark chefnut colour, fg. 4. The fpecies of Polygonum here figured acquires the name of amphibium from its growing both on land and in yfl0Rf’ whe"ce.the ann,ent botanllls- regardlefs of its fruftification, improperly called it a Pondweed, thus Caspar Badhine gives it the name of Polamogtton falicis folio ; Ray very properly c . : ... : -’-XJ • «'*•-.! • :':>!>}•;• • I .• ■/■i ■ +£% • . +■•}■■ i • : ' . . • ' ■ . «•; • . . .. ' ' ■ S' ' 03 : a&d ji; ; ■ •m • : :j «:• ; ..J iill . ■ ~ T-"— • : r •, wtieiifi c«j A*fflt£32 Jl -■ - • . . Veba?; b;u . . ■ tf .ii . .. .wac. • vj'untvi'-ittO : i-.z xaai&. .. vrgi& as:.' ;i;iw *}tuU Spergula nodosa Knotted Spurrey t SPERGULA Lin. Gen. PI. Decandria Pentagynia. Cal. 5-phyllus. Petala 5 integra. Capf. ovata, i-locularis, 5-valvis. Raii Syn. Gen. 24. Herbje Pent apet ala: Vasculifera;. SPERGULA nodofa foliis oppofitis Tubulatis laevibus caulibus fimplicibus. Lin. Syjl. V egetab. p. 363. Sp. PI. p. 630. ALSINE foliis fuperioribus fafciculatis. Haller. Hjjl. n. 871. STELLARIA nodofa. Scopoli FI. Cam. n. 545. ALSINE nodofa Germanica. Baub. Pin. p. 251. ALSINE paluftris, ericas folio, polygonoides, articulis crebioribus, flore albo pulchello. Pluk. aim. 23- >■ 7- fiS- 4- SAXIFRAGA paluftris Anglica. Park. 427. ALSINE paluftris foliis tenuiffimis, feu Saxifraga paluftris Anglica. Ger. emac. 567. 568. Rail Syn. p. 350. Englifli Marfti-Saxifrage. Hudfon FI. Angl. ed. 2. p. 203. Ligbtjoot FI. Scot. p. 244. RADIX perennis, fibrofa. CAULES ex una radice plures, palmares et ultra, nunc procumbentes, nunc afcendentes, poft floref- centiam fiepe repentes, fimplices feu ramofi, teretes, tenues, glabri, parce pilofi, pilis ad lentem globuliferis, crebris geniculis intercepti, geniculis tumidis. FOLIA radicalia plurima, casfpitofa, laste virentia, line- aria, acuta, uncialia, fubcarnofa, glabra, cau- lina inferiora paulo breviora, connata, fuperiora breviffima, teretiufcula, fafciculata, ex alis ' prolifera. : FLORES albi, delicatuli, in fummis caulibus et ramulis, majores quam pro plantuhc modo. PEDUNCULI eredi, femipollicares. CALYX : Perianthium pentaphyllum, foliolis ob- longis, concavis, fubpilofis, pilis ut in caule. fig- 1 • COROLLA : Petala quinque, alba, calyce duplo longiora, ovato-rotundata, integerrima. Jig. 2. STAMINA : Filamenta decem, fubulata, alba, corolla breviora. Antherze concolores, incumbentes, primo bilobas, lobis oblongis, parallelis, jig. 3. ' PISTILLUM: Germen turbinatum. Styli quinque, filiformes, villofuli, reflexi. Stigmata fim-' plicia, fig. 4- PERICARP1UM : Capsula parva, ovata, calyce te&a, ■ unilocularis, (juinquevalvis. SEMINA plurima, minima, nigricantia. ROOT perennial and fibrous. STALKS feveral from one root, four inches or more in length, fometimes procumbent, fometimes nearly upright, after flowering often creeping, Ample or branched, round, flender, finoothy fparingly haired, the hairs appearing globular at top when magnified, having numerous joints which are fwelled. LEAVES next the root numerous, forming a turf, of a beautiful dark green colour, linear, pointed, about an inch in length, fomewhat fleftiy, fmooth, the lowermoft ftalk-leaves a little longer than the radical ones, joined together at bottom, the uppermoft ftalk-leaves very ftiort, from their alas producing fmall tufts of leaves, the rudiments of branches. ’ FLOWERS white, and delicate, fitting on the tops of the ftalks and branches, large in proportion to the fize of the plant. FLOWER-STALKS upright, about half an inch in length. CALYX : Perianthium compofed of five leaves, which are oblong, hollow, (lightly hairy, the hairs like thofe on the ftalk. Jig. 1 . COROLLA compofed of five white petals, twice the length of the calyx, of a roundifh cgg-fhape, perfectly entire, jig. 2. STAMINA : ten Filaments tapering, white, (horter than the corolla. Antheraj of the fame colour, lying acrofs the filament, at firft compofed of two oblong lobes parallel to each other, fig. 3. PISTILLUM : Germen broad at bottom, narrow at top. Styles five, filiform, (lightly villous and reflexed. Stigmata Ample, jig. 4. SEED-VESSEL : a fmall ovate Capsule covered with the calyx, of one cavity and five valves. SEEDS numerous, very minute, of a blackifti colour. The Spergula nodofa recommends itfelf to our notice by the beauty of its verdure, and the delicacy of its bloffoms ; the largenefs and whitenefs of which, joined to its place of growth, ferve alfo to diftinguHh it from thole plants which may have fome refemblance to it in their foliage. It grows in moift fituations, frequently among herbage, and fometimes out of Walls, Rocks, and Stones. I have obferved it growing out of the wall by the Thames fide, in feveral places betwixt Lambeth and Putney. I have alfo found it on Hounjlow Heath with the Sagina procumbens and Centunculus minimus. It flowers in July and - lugufi. About London it is a fcarce plant ; but in the north of England it is very common on the borders of rivulets, and grows generally more upright than with us : a fmall fpecimen of it, in this date, is reprefented on the plate. Spergula saginoides. Pearlwort Spurrey. SPERGULA Lin . Gen. PI. Decandria Pentagynia. Cal. 5 phyllus. Petala 5, integra» Capf. ovata, i-locularis, 5-valvis. Rail Syn. Gen. 24. Herb/e pentapetal^e vasculiferje. SPERGULA faginoidts foliis oppofitis linearibus laevibus, pedunculis folitariis lonriffimis, caule repente. Lm, Syjl. V egelab. p. 363. Sp.Pl.b31. r ALSINE tenuifolia pediculis florum longiffimis. Vaillant Botan. Paris, p. 8. a. 11. SPERGULA laricmtt foliis oppofitis fubulatis ciliatis fafciculatis, floribus pentandris. Hud/bn FI. A«gl. ed. 2. p. 203. SPERGULA laricina. Lightfoot FI. Scot. p. 224. SAXIFRAGA graminea pufilla foliis brevioribus craffioribifs et fucculentioribus. Raii Syn. p. 345 ? RADIX perennis, fibrofa. CAULES ex una radice plures, pollicares aut bipolli- cares, bafi procumbentes, et ut plurimum re- pentes, ramofi, teretes, pilis brevibus glandu- liferis vix confpicuis veftiti. FOLIA radicalia femipollicaria, linearia, acuta, mucrone albido terminata, fatu rate viridia, glabra, fub- carnofa, fuperne nuda, inferne et ad oras pilofa, piis glanduliferis ; caulina breviora, connata, planiufcula, fubfecunda. Jig. 1. PEDUNCULI fubere&i, fimplices, pollicares et ultra, teretes, ex fufco purpurafcentes, apice nutantes. FLORES albi, pulchelli. CALYX : Perianthium pentaphyllum, perfidens, fo- liolis ovato-oblongis, concavis, obtufis, vifci- dulis, margine membranaceis. Jig. 2. COROLLA : Petala quinque, alba, longitudine ca- lycis, fubrotunda, integerrima, patentia, fig. 3. STAMINA: Filamenta quinque ad decem, fiepius vero quinque, fubulata, longitudine germinis ; Anther.® parvae, lute*. Jig. 4. PISTILLUM : Germen obovatum ; Styli plerumque quinque, filiformia, villofa, reflexa ; Stig- mata fimplicia. jig. 5. PERICARPIUM : Capsula uni-locularis, quinque- valvis, calyci infidens. SEMINA plurima, minima, fufca, ad lentem pun&ata. 7- * I * * 4 * * * 8- | ROOT perennial and fibrous. I STALKS, feveral arife from one root, an inch or two i in length, procumbent, and generally creeping I at bottom, branched, round, covered with t fihort glandular hairs, fcarcely vifible. I LEAVES next the root about half an inch in length, X linear, lharp and terminated by a whitilh i point or bridle, of a deep green colour, fome- 4 what diining, and rather flelhy, on the upper I fide fmooth, on the under fide, and at the edge, hairy, the hairs terminated by little glands, thofe of the ftalk Ihorter, growing together at the bafe, flattilh, and tending fome- X what one way. Jig. 1. I FLOWER-STALKS fomewhat upright, Ample, an inch or more in length, round, of a brownilh I purple colour, nodding at top. I FLOWERS wl^ite and pretty. i CALYX : a Perianthium of five leaves, permanent, I the leaves oval, hollow, obtufe, fomewhat vifcid, the edge membranous. Jig. 2. I COROLLA : five white Petals, the length of the X calyx, of a roundifli diape, entire at the edge I and fp reading, fig. 3. 4 STAMINA: Filaments from five to ten, but mod I commonly five, tapering, the length of the I germen; Anther zb fmall and yellow, fig. 4. 4 PISTILLUM: Germen inverfely ovate ; Styles ge- | nerally five, thread-fliaped, villous and turned back; Stigmata fimple. fig. 5. I SEED-VESSEL : a Capsule of one cavity, and three X valves fitting on the calyx, fig. 6. I SEEDS numerous, very fmall and brown, appearing dotted when magnified, fig. 7, 8. We are led to confider this plant as the Spergula faginoides of Linnaeus, from its according exactly with a minute defcnption given of it by Vaillant in his Botanicon Parifienfe* to which the former refers, and furely no name was ever more aptly applied, for did not its confpicuous petals proclaim it, it might for ever have paffed for the Sagma procumbens ; thefe lead us to the plant, and examination proves it to be a Spergula, incoudant in- deed like many other plants in the number of its flamina. In its generic charader this fpecies of Spergula differs in number only from the Sagina procumbens , it agrees particularly with it 111 the form of its capfules, fize, and fliape of its feeds, but two obvious fpecific charaders at once diftinguifli them, thefe are the fize of the petals, and the peculiar hairinefs of the whole plant ; in the Sagma procumbens the petals are very fmall, being much fborter than the calyx, whence they are inconfpicuous ; m the Spergula they are of the lame length as the calyx, and, when expanded, become very confpicuous ; the Sagma procumbens (which muft not be confounded with the ape tala Linn®i) is fmooth, while the Spergula has its Aalks, leaves, peduncles and calyx covered with fhort hairs, having little globules at their extremities, and which are very diftinguifli able when magnified. It is not uncommon on Putney Heath , and in fimilar fixations about Coomb Wood, Surry ; Dr. Goodenough diicovered it plentifully on Bagjhot Heath , efpecially on fome banks thrown up on Potnell Warren , near the oreat Log at Virginia Water ; Mr. Lightfoot fhewed it me feveral years ago on Uxbridge Moor ; and Mr. Hudson mentions it as growing about Cobham and FJher in Surry. It flowers from June to Auguft. , -pIante ' port & ,es bullies de 1 Jilfrn minima flore fugaci. J. R. H. mais elle s’eleve plus haul. Les tlges et Ies pedicules des fleurs font ordinaucnient brunes Sa fleur n a qu environ 2 l.gncs de diametre. Elle eft a 5 petales blancs, entiers ronds, qui ne debordent point le calice & qui font oppo.e a fes cantons. Le piftile eft un petit bouton tirant fur l’ovale, vert pale, furmonte de e ftiles blancs, courts diftoftz en etoile, & entoure de 10 htam.nes blanches amfy que leurs fommets. Ces Etamines n’ont pas une ligne de long. Le calice eft parferae dc petits po.ls tres courts. II eft decoupe cn etoil a 5 parties egales. Cette plante ne s’cleve que depuis 2 jufqu’a | pouces, elle pouffe ordinairement plufieurs tiges de fa racine, ltfquellcs fe couchent d abord fur la terre, & font droites dans le reft de leur longuer. Ses feuilles font lilies vertex condnu. e'n M 'm l *, ?“ K,“Wfd Ilk commence a ficrir .e„ la £„ JeMap & continue an Jn.n & Met. Elle fe tram dans les f ml.es qui font au de la St. Leger entre la foref, et le Village de St. Lneien le lontr du 'hv' Y-, ,? ' ”, a le d herl"' So,‘ fr““ s ordmairement en 4 Sc quelque'ois 5 lobe, de Is poime vets la bafe Si contient djis fa c»vi!e pluncuis leniences noiraftre tres menues. Botan. Par. p. 8, q. ♦ Euphorbia exigua Small Spurge. EUPHORBIA Lin. Gen. PI. Dodecandria Trigynia. Cor. 4 f. 5-petala, calyci infidens. Cal. i-phyllus, ventricofus. Capfi 3-cocca. Rail Syn. Gen. 22. Herb.® vasculifer®, flore tetrapetalo anomaly. EUPHORBIA exigua umbella trifida : dichotoma : involucellis lanceolatis, foliis linearibus. Lin. Syjl. Vegetab. p. 375. Sp. PI. p. 654. TITHYMALUS foliis linearibus, Ripulis lanceolatis ariftatis. Haller Hfi. n. 1048. TITHYMALUS five Efula exigua. Bauh. Pin. p. 295. ESULA exigua Tragi. Ger. emac. 502. TITHYMALUS leptopbyllus. Parkin/. 193. Raii Syn. 313. Dwarf Spurge, or fmall annual Spurge* Hud/on FI. Angl. ed. 2. p. 208. Lightfoot FI. Scot. p. 250. RADIX annua, fimplex, paucis fibrillis inftru&a. CAULIS ere&us, ramofus, foliofiffimus, femipedalis. RAMI plerumque inferiorem partem caulis tantummodo occupant, oppofiti, fuberedti. FOLIA plurima, apprefl'a, linearia, obtufiufcula. UMBELLA trifida, interdum quadrifida, rarius quinque- fida, dichotoma. STIPULAE Umbella; lanceolato-lineares. — — Umbelhilte ovato-oblongtt, acuminatas, oppo- fitic, fiepe inasquales. CALYX glabra, perfiftens. Jig. 1. aubl. COROLLA nulla. NECTARI A quatuor, corniculata , fufca. fig. 2,3. STAMINA plerumque duo vifibilia ; Anther® didy ■ mx. Jig. 4. PISTILLUM : Germen fubrotundum, petiolatum, nu- tans; Styli tres; Stigma bifidum, /g. 5, 6, PER1CARPIUM Capsula tricocca, trilocularis. SEMEN unicum in fingulo loculamento, nigrum, ru- gofum. ROOT annual, fimple, furnifhed with few fibres. STALK upright, branched, very leafy, about fix inches high. BRANCHES generally occupy the lower part of the (talk only, are oppofite and nearly upright. LEAVES numerous, prefled to the {talk, linear, and fomewhat obtufe. UMBELL dividing into three branches, fometimes four, rarely five, thofe forked. STIPULiE of the general Umbell of a fhape betwixt lanceolate and linear. — — of the partial Umbell, , of an oblong, ovate fhape, running out to a point, oppofite, and often irregular. CALYX fmooth, and permanent, fg. 1 . magnified. COROLLA wanting. NECTARIES four, of a brownifh colour, each fur- nifhed with two little horns, fig. 2, 3. STAMINA generally about two vifible ; Anthers double, fig. 4. PISTILLUM : Germen roundifh, {landing on a foot- ftalk, and drooping; Styles three; Stigma bifid, fig. 5, 6. SEED-VESSEL, a Capfule with three prominent fides, and three cavities. SEED : a fingle one in each cavity, black, and wrinkled. This fmall and delicate fpecies of Spurge is often found in Corn-fields about London, efpecially on the Surry fide of the "Thames, nor is it uncommon in many other parts of England. It flowers in July and Augujl. The Tithymalus Jcgetum longfolius of Ray, confidered by Profeflor Martyn in his Plant. Cantab, as the Je get a Us of Linnaeus, has by fome been thought to be no other than a large fpecimen of this plant; Mr. Hudson makes it a variety of the platyphyllos ; fuppofing fuch a plant as the fegetalis to exift, it cannot be a variety of the exigua becaufe it has rough Caplules, and its leaves are by far too narrow for the platyphyllos , vid. Jacquin FI. Aufir. V. 3. 614. who figures them both, and confiders them as diftin£t fpecies. Clematis vi t alba. Traveller’s Joy CLEMATIS Lin. Gen. PL Polyandria Pentagynia. Cal. o. Petala 4. rarius 5. Sent, caudata. Rail Syn. Gen. 15. Herbie semine nudo polyspermy* CLEMATIS Vitalba foliis pinnatis : foliolis cordatis fcandentibus. Lin. S\fi. Veqs/ab. p. 426. Spec. PL 7 66. CLEMATIS caule fcandente, foliis pinnatis, ovato lanceolatis, petalis coriaceis. Haller Hill. n. 1142. CLEMATIS Vitalba. Scopoli FL Cam. p. 669. CLEMATIS fylveftris latifolia. Battb. Pin. 300* CLEMATIS latifolia feu Atragene quibufdam. J. B. II. 125. CLEMATIS fylveftris latifolia leu Viorna. Parkinf. 380. VIORNA Ger.emac. 886. Rail Syn. 258. Great Wild Climber, or Traveller’s Joy. Hudfon FL Angl. ed. 2. p. 238. CAULES plurimi, perennantes, ope petiolorum, fru- tices arborefque vicinos, fcandentes ; junioribus hirfutulis, flexilibus, purpureis, nodis in- craffatis ; per astatem craflitie digiti feu polli- cis, profunde fulcatis, exalbidis, fruticofis. FOLIA pinnata, oppofita, patentia ; pinnis duorum pa- rium cum impari, remotis, cordatis, fubacu- minatis, integris, ferratis, lobatifve, e viridi flavefcentibus, nitidulis, fubtus venolis. PETIOLI contorti, vicem cirrhi fupplentes. RACEMI florales ex foliorum alis, conjugati, folioli, ramofi, trifidi, dichotomi. FLORES pallide fulphurei, odorati. CALYX nullus. COROLLA : Petala quatuor, cruciata, oblonga, fube- marginata, patentia, fubrevoluta, villofa, fu- perne pallide fulphurea, inferne virefcentia. fig • i- STAMINA : Filamenta plurima, filiformia, fub- comprefla, alba, longitudine corollae, ere£ta ; Anthery oblongte, albidae, fig. 2. PISTILLUM: Germina plurima, minima, fubro- tunda, comprefla, delinentia in tot Stylos fubulatos, fericeos, longitudine flaminum ; Stigmata fimplicia. Jig. 3. SEMINA plurima, nuda,- fubrotunda, comprefla, cau- data. jig. 4. | STALKS numerous, perennial, by means of the leaf* i flalks climbing the adjoining Ihrubs and trees, • the younger ones llightly hirfute, flexible, ; purple; the joints enlarged; by age attaining the thicknel's of the finger or thumb, deeply ; grooved, of a whitilh colour and Ihrubby. : LEAVES pinnated, oppofite, fpreading, the pinnae con- ■ filling of two pair with an odd one, heart* I fhaped, remote from each other, and running out to a point, either entire, ferrated, or lobed, . of a yellowifh green colour, fbmewhat fhining, : and veiny on the under fide. ; LEAF-STALKS tu ifted, anfwering the purpofe of a : tendril. ! FLOWERING-BRANCHES proceeding from th.. alaf :: of the leaves, in pairs, leafy, branched, di- •; viding firfl into three, and then into two j I fmaller branches. FLOWERS of a pale fulphur colour, and fweet-fcented. ; . CALYX none. ■ _ COROLLA : four Petals crofs-lhaped, oblong, (lightly , ; nicked at the end, fpreading, fomewhat rolled ' : back, villous, on the upper fide of a pale fill* ;; phur colour, underneath greenifh. jig. 1. :: STAMINA: Filaments numerous, filiform, fome- what flattened, white, the length of the I corolla, upright ; Anther m oblong, whitifh, I fig- 2- ■ PISTILLUM: Germina numerous, very minute, roundifh, flattened, terminating in as many , ; tapering, filky Styles, the length of the :: flamina; Stigmata Ample, fig. 3. I SEEDS numerous, naked, roundifh, flatten’d, and ter- minated by a long feathered tail. fig. 4. The Clematis * Vitalba f is a very common plant in the more fouthern parts of Europe,, it delights in a fituation that is elevated, and in a foil that is chalky, hence it is found more plentifully in fome counties than in others ; it is not frequent very near London, but abounds in the hedges around Croydon, and may be .found, though more Sparingly, about Charlton , alfo on the left hand fide of the road leading from New-Crofs Turnpike to Lewijham , near the fpot where the Dipfacus pilojus grows : it flowers in Augufi, and ornaments the hedges with its large branches of downy feeds'}; till the approach of winter. Being a Climber, handfome both in its foliage and feeds, and rapid in its growth, it is often made ufe of for Arbours and Bowers in Gardens and Pleafure-Grounds ; for this purpofe young plants fhould be chofen raifed from feeds. This quality, which is an ufeful one under proper reilridlions, often becomes a noxious one in hedges, where it is apt to fuffocate and deflroy thofe trees and fhrubs which are planted for defence. School-boys often dry the flems, when about the thicknefs of the finger, and draw fmoke through them inftead of cane. The Farmer alfo ufes the green flalks to fatten his gates with, &c. Haller quotes feveral authorities to (hew the Clematis poflefled of confiderable acrimony, fufficient even to raife blitters on the fkin, for which purpofe it has fometimes been employed medicinally. A plant of the fame genus, viz. Flammula Jovis (Clematis reft a Linncei) has been introduced into the lad edition of the Edinburgh Difpenfatory, on the authority of Dr. Storck, who recommends the leaves to be externally applied, in fordid, ichorous, fungous, and cancerous ulcers, andoaries of the bones; and preparations of them to be taken internally in the head*ach, nocturnal pains of the bones, venereal difeafe, itch and melancholy. * So called from x\vpx, /armentum, a vine twig. $ Hence in fome pans of England the plant is called Old Man's beard. f Qpsfi Vitis alba, or white Vine. Ranunculus repens. Creeping Crowfoot RANUNCULUS Lin. Gen. PI. Polyandria Polygynia. Cal. 5-phyllus. Pelala 5 intra ungues pdro 'mellifero. Sent. nuda. Raii Syn. Gen. 15. Herb.® semine nudo polysperm®’. RANUNCULUS repens calycibus patulis, pedunculis fulcatis, ftolonibus repentibus, foliis compofitis. Lin. Syfi. Vegetab. p. 430. FI. Suec. n. 505. Sp. PI. 779. RANUNCULUS caule repente radicato, foliis femitrilobatisj lobis petiolatis. Haller. Hifi. 1173* RANUNCULUS repens. Scopoli FI. Carn. n. 689. RANUNCULUS pratenfis repens hirfutus. Bauh. pin. 179. RANUNCULUS pratenfis repens. Parkinf. 329. RANUNCULUS pratenfis etiamque hortenfis. Genetnac.951. Raii Syn. p. 247. Comriaon creeping Crowfoot, or Butter-cups. Hudfon FI. Angl. ed. 2. p. 240. Lightfodt FI. Scot. p. 292. RADIX plurimis fibris albentibus confiat; CAULES ex una radice plerumque plures, pedales et ultra, variae magnitudinis, pro ratione loci, te- retiufculi, hirfuti, repentes; PETIOLI longi, hirfuti, ad bafin dilatati. FOLIA plerumque utrinque hirfuta (etiam glabra oc- currunt) 'maculis albis fubinde notata, trilo- bata, lobis petiolatis, bi et tripartitis, lobulis acute dentatis. RAMI floriferi eredti, depius biflori; PEDUNCNLI pubefcentes, ftriati. CALYX: Perianthium pentaphyllum, foliolis ovatis, concavis, patentibus, pilofis, flavefcentibus, margine membranaceis, deciduis, fig. i. COROLLA : Petala quinque, obcordata, patentia, flava, interne nitida, fig. 2. NECTARIUM : Squamula parva, rotundata, ad bafin cujufvis petali, fig. 3. STAMINA : Filamenta plurima, ultra triginta, re- ceptaculo inferta, apice paululum dilatata j An- ther® olongo-lineares, compreflie, incurvatae, flavae, fig. 4. PISTILLUM: Germina plurima, in capitulum col- ledta, comprefla, ere&a ; Stylis brevibus, acuminatis, apice reflexis terminati ; Stig- mata fimplicia. fig. 5. SEMEN compreflum, laeve, mucronatum, fig. 6. ROOT coufifts of numerous whitifh fibresi STALKS generally feveral from one root, a foot or more in length, varying in fize accord ng to the place of growth, roundilh, befet with rough hairs, and creeping. LEAF-STALKS long, hairy and dilated at the bafe. LEAVES generally hairy on both fides (fometimes they are found fmooth and (hilling) frequently marked with white fpots, compofed of three lobes, or fmaller leaves which have footftalks, thefe are divided into two or three fegments, and fharply notched. FLOWER-BRANCHES upright, generally fupporting two flowers. FLOWER-STALKS downy and ftriated. CALYX : a Perianthium of five leaves, which are ovate, concave, lpreading, hairy, yellowilh, membranous at the edge, and deciduous, fig. 1. COROLLA : five Petals, inverfely heart-fhaped, fpreading, yellow, (hining on the infide, fig. 2. NECTARY a fmall roundilh Scale at the bafe of each petal. Jig- 3. STAMINA : Filaments numerous, upwards of thirty, inferted into the receptacle, dilated a little at top ; Anther® oblong and fomewhat linear, flattened, bent inward, and yellow, fig. 4. PISTILLUM: Germina numerous, collected into a little head, flattened and upright ; terminated by (hort, pointed Styles, which turn back at top, Stigmata Ample, fig. 5. SEED flat, fmooth, with a fmall point, fig. 6. The Ranunculus bulbofus is a very noxious plant in dry paftures, as the acris is in the moifi, and fome of the beft meadows about town ; but where the repens abounds, it is more milchievous than either of thofe, and it is a plant fo general in its growth, that few meadows or paftures are entirely free from it ; it differs from the other two Crowfoots, in having ftalks which run along the ground, and at every joint fending forth roots, and being a plant that will thrive in almoft any foil, it is very apt to become the principal plant of the pafturage, to the great detriment of the farmer, as cattle in general have the greateft averfion to the Crowfoots. Fiom the aftonifhing diverfity of foil and fituatitm in which this plant is found, the varieties which it aflume3 are almoft endlefs ; by the Thames fide it will grow three or four feet high, with a ftem nearly as large as one’s thumb ; in barren, gravelly fields, it is entirely procumbent, with a ftalk not larger than a fmall wheat ftraw, but in all its various ftates I have ever found it to have a creeping ftalk, and this is a character which it does not lofe by cultivation. Haller, milled by his pupil WilLich *, who fince has retraced his error, fufpe&ed it to be a variety of the bulbofus , but the bulbofus was never known to creep, this does wherever its ftalk can touch the ground. Its principal time of flowering is in the month of June, but it may be found in blofiotn during moil of the remaining dimmer months. Like the acris and bulbofus it is fometimes found double, but more rarely. * XXXV Ranunculum bulbofum non in repentem mutari, ut in Obfervoticnibus Botanici r a. 1747. p. 4. feripferam, nuperiores obfervationes do- cuerunt. Utraque plauta diverluates fuas conflantes retinet, ab III. Lin nAo nominibus l'peciticis optime expeeflas. Ubfervat, de plant, quibujd. Lolling. 1762. W7j RaNUNCULUsHeDERACEUS. I V Y “ L E A V E D C R O W FOOT RANUNCULUS Lin, Gen. PI. Polyandria PoLyg^nia. Cal. 5-phyllus. Petala 5 Intra Ungues pdro mellifero; Sent. nuda-. Rail Syn. Gen , 15; Herbie semine nudo polyspebmje. RANUNCULUS hederaceits foliis fubrotundis trilobis integerrimis* caule repente. Lin. Syjl. Vegetak p» 43 1; Spec. PI. p. 781. RANUNCULUS aquaticus hederaceus luteus. Bank. Pin. 180. RANUNCULUS hederaceus rivulorum fe extendens, atra macula notatus; L B, III. 782; RANUNCULI aquatilis varietas altera. Ger. emac. 830. RANUNCULUS hederaceus aquaticus. Park. 1216. RANUNCULUS aquatilis hederaceus albus; Rati Syn , p. 249. Hitdfon F/. Angi, p; 243. Lighfoot PL Scot ; p. 294. Oeder FL Dan. ic. 219. RADICES plurimi, fimplices, albidi, in limum pro- J ROOTS numerous, fimple, whitifh, penetrating deeply funde demiffi. I into the mud‘ CAULES plurimi, teretes, folidi, geniculati, craffiuf- 1 STALKS numerous, round, folid, jointed, thickifti, culi, repentes, late diffufl. | ttreepjng, fpread.ng wide. FOLIA petiolata, plerumque quinquelobata, fubcarnofa, t LEAVES (landing on foot-flalks, generally divided into nitida, avenia. I fiv.e lobes> fomewhat fleftiy, Aiming, and $ veinlefs. PETIOLI ad bafin vagina magna, membranacea in- 1 LEAF-STALKS at the bafe furniflied with a large £ru£j I membranous (heath. PEDUNCULI axillares, petiolis breviores, uniflori, | FLOWER-STALKS proceeding from the alas of the primo eredi, perada florefcentia verfus terram? the leaves (horter than the leaf-ftalks, fupport- recurvati. * ing one bl°fl'om» at nrft upright, a‘ter I flowering is over, turned back towards the y ground. FLORES parvi albi. . . f FLOWERS (mail and white. CALYX- Peri anthium pentaphyllum, foliolis ovatis, f CALYX : a Perianthium of five leaves, which are margine membranaceis, flavefcentibus. Jig. 1. f ovate, membranous and yellowifh at the edges. I Jig. 1. COROLLA- petala quinque alba, oblonga, obtufiufcula, ? COROLLA : five white Petals of an oblong fhape, calyce longiora. Jig. a. I fomewhat obtufe, and larger than the calyx. f Jig- 2- KECT ARIUM : Porus nudus prope bafin cnjufvis petali. | NECTARY : a naked pore at the bafe of each petal. STAMINA^- ^Filamenta quinque ad decem. An- 1 STAMINA i Filaments from five to ten. Antheras THERA! oblonga-, flavae./g. 4. * oblong and yellow, fig^ 4. SEMINA plurima, obtufa, fig. 5. in capitula fabro- 1 SEEDS numerous, blunt. Jig. 5. crouded together in tunda, viciae vulgaris magnitudine fere, denfe| -,!n' h"',° nf ,h“ rnmm"" ftipata. ¥ roundifh heads, about the fize of the common tare. Neither Linnaeus, Haller, nor Scopoli, mention this plant in their refpedive Flora’s. Oeder figures it m the Flora Danica : the plant he gives us appears as if it had grown in water of fome depth ; with us it is moft commonly found fpreading widely on the mud of flow (hallow rivulets, efpecially where the foil isfandy. It flowers during moft of the fummer months. . . , , . r r„ . . We fometimes meet with the leaves having a dark fpot in the middle of each, and in fome fixations the blofloms are much larger than in others. Gal£obdol6n Galeopsis Yellow Archangel. GALEOBDOLON Hudfoti FI. Angl. Didynamia Gymnospermia. Raii Syn. Gen. 24. Suffrutices et Herbie vertigillatje. GALEOBDOLON luteum. H'udjbn. FI. Angl. ed. 2. p. 258. GALEOPSIS Galeobdolon verticillis fexfloris ; involucro tetraphyllo. Lin. Syjl. Vegelab. p. 446. Spec. PI. p. 810. CARDIACA foliis petiolatis, cordatis, verticillis foliofis. Haller. HJl: 275. LEONURUS Galeobdolon. Scopoli FI. Carri, n. 705. LAMIUM folio oblongo luteum. Faub. Pin. 231. Lamium luteum. Ger.emac.6yi. Parkins 606. Rail Syn-. p. 240. Yellow Archangel or Dead Nettle. GALEOPSIS Galeobdolon. Lightfoot FI. Scot. p. 310. RADIX perennis, intequalis, fibras plurimas, majuf-? culas, in terram demittens. | CAULES plures, Setragoni, hirfutuli, floriferi fuberedti, f pedales feu bipedales, Jieriles pera&a floref- 1 centia, in longum extenduntur, et poftea humi1? repent. | 1 t FOLIA oppofita, petiolata, hirfutula, inaequaliter fer-| rata, venofa, inferioribus cordatis, fuperioribus ? ovatis, acutis, feflilibus. | $ FLORES verticillati, lutei. VERTICILLI fex, decem aut duodecim flori. $ CALYX: Involucrum verticillis fubjedtum, foliolis tot? quot floribus, linearibus, acutis, rigidulis, ad| lentem ciliatis, fg. 2. ¥ | CALYX: Perianthium monophyllum, fubcampa-^ nulatum, quinquedentatum, hirfutulum, lineis decem elevatis notatum, alternis obfoletis, | dentibus fubaequalibus, acuminatis, fuperiore? eredto, diftanti, duobus inferioribus reflexo- 1 patulis. Jig. 1 . $ COROLLA monopetala, ringens; tubus calyce paulo $ longior, intus purpureus et pilofus ; labium | fuperius eredtum, longum, fornicatum, villo- $ lum, villifque ciliatum ; inferius trifidum, laci- t niis inaequalibus, maculatis, media productiore. I fg- 3> 4- | STAMINA : Filamenta quatuor, Tubulata, flava, fub| labio fuperiore. Anthera: bilobae, purpu-| rafcentes. Pollen albidum, fg. 5, 6. i PISTILLUM: Germen quadripartitum. Stylus fili- 1 formis, purpureus. Stigma bifidum, acu-| tum. fig. y. | SEMINA quatuor, e fufco nigricantia, nitidula, tri- 1 quetra, apice truncata in fundo calycis, t fg- 9- * ROOT perennial, irregular, fending down feveral largifli fibres. STALKS feveral, four-cornered, fomewhat hirfute; thole producing flowers nearly upright, a foot or two feet high; thofe deftitute of blofl'oms, after the flowering is over, are extended to a great length, and afterwards creep on the ground. LEAVES oppofite, Handing on foot-ftalks, flightly hir- fute, unevenly ferrated, and veiny; the low'er ones heart-lhaped, the upper ones ovate, pointed, and felfile. FLOWERS growing in whirls, of a yellow colour. WHIRLS containing from fix to ten or twelve flowers. CALYX : an Involucrum placed under the whirls, com- pofed of as many leaves as there are flowers, the leaves linear, pointed, fomewhat rigid, when magnified fringed at the edge. Jig- 2. CALYX: a Perianthium of cne leaf, fomewhat bell-lhaped, having five teeth, flightly hirfute, marked with ten elevated lines,, alternately fainteft, the teeth nearly equal, having long points, the uppermoft upright, and at a dil- tance from the reft ; the two lowermoft fprcad- ing open and turned fomewhat back. fisr. j. COROLLA monopetalous and ringent; tube a little longer than the calyx, purple and hairy within ; upper lip upright, long, arched, villous, and edged with woolly hairs; the lowermoft di- vided into three unequal fegments which are fpotted, the middle one longeft. fig. 3, 4. STAMINA: four Filaments tapering, of a yellow colour, under the upper lip. Ant her as compofed of two lobes and purplilh. Pollen whitifh. jig. 5, 6. PISTILLUM: Germen divided into four parts. Style filiform and purple. Stigma bifid and pointed. fg- 7- SEEDS four, of a brownilh black colour, fomewhat Ihining, three cornered, cut off at top, re- maining in the bottom of the calyx, fig. 9. Linnjeus, though he enumerates this plant with the Galeopfis tribe, feems to think it not perfectly reconcileable with the reft. Haller and Scopoli difagree in their opinions refpedting it ; the one confidering it as a Cardiaca , the other as a Leonurus. Mr. Hudson, whom we have followed in this ijiftance, in the laft edition of his Flora Anglican makes a feparate genus of it under the name of Galeobdolon-, we adopt the trivial name of Galeopfis inftead luteum, with a view of making as little innovation as poflible in names. It is always found in woods and (hady places. In fome parts of England it is frequent, but not in others: we find it tolerably plentiful in Charlton, and fome other Woods about town, flowering in May and June. The foliage is fometimes variegated, in which ftate I have oblerved it make a beautiful appearance in a warden. In cultivating this, as well as all other plants, attention Ihould be paid to their natural place of growth. Btachys a r yens is. Corn Stachvs. STACHYS Lin. Gen. PI. Didynamia Gymnospermia. Corolla lab. fuper. fornicatum, lab. inferius lateribus reflexum: intermedia majore emarginata. Stamina deflorata verfus latera reflexa. Ran Syn. Gen. 14. SUffrutices et Herba: verTicillata:. STACHYS arvnfa verticillis fcxflom, foliis obtulis nudiufculls, corollis longitudine calycis caule debili. Lin. Syjl. Vegetab. p. 448. Sp. Pl. p. 814. * GLfiCOMA irbajk. Lm. FI. W u, jis. Bulfin FI. Angi. ed. i. p. 224. upright Ground-ivy. TRIXAGO foliis ovatis, cordatis, rotunde dentatis-, hirfutis. Haller. Hi/I. n. 221. SIDERITIS allines trixaginis folio. B. Pin. 233. SIDERITIS hederuke folio-. Park. 587-. SIDERITIS humilis lato obtiifo folio. Gerard, emac. 699. STACHYS arvenfis minima. Corn Stacliys. /. 587. Riv.Irr.Mon. icon. Raii Syn. p. 242. Hudfon FI. Angi ed. 2. p. 260. Light] oot bl. Scot. p. 314. petty Iron- wort or All-heal. Oeder FI. Dan. RADIX annua, fibrofa. CAULIS fpithamasus feu pedalis, inter fegetes, ubi nobif- cum ispius invenitur* ere£tus (procumbens feu debilis rarius obfervatur) ramofus, tetragonus, hirfutus. Rami alterni, oppoliti. FOLIA oppofita, petiolata, Ovato-cbrdata, obtufa, ve- nofa, hirfuta, obtufe lerrata, fumma feflilia. FLORES parvi, carnei, verticillati, fpicati. VERTICILLI circiter fexflori. CALYX : Perianthium quinque- dentatum, perfiflens, patens, hirfutum. fig. 1, COROLLA ringens, parva, calyce paulo longior, pal- lide purpurea, labio fuperiore breviore, obtufo, integro, inferiore trifido, laciniis lateralibus bre- vioribus, media majori, rotundata, jig. 2. STAMINA : Filamenta quatuor, quorum duo bre- - viora, inferne alba, fuperne purpurea ; An- : thera: nigricantes; Pollen flavum. Jig. 3. ; PISTILLUM: Germen quadripartitum, viride. Sty- ; Lus longitudine flaminum, Stigma bifidum, * acutum, jig. 4. ; SEMINA quatuor intra calycem, virefeentia, nigro- pundata. jig. 5. \ ROOT annual and fibrous. STALK a fpan or a foot in height, among the corn where it is generally found with us upright, (it is more rarely found weak or procumbent), branched, four cornered, hirfute. Branches alternately oppofite. LEAVES oppofite, ftanding on foot-ftalks, Ovate, with an heart-fhaped bafe, obtufe, veiny, hirfute, bluntly ferrated, the uppermoft ones feflile. ; FLOWERS fmall, flefh-coloured, growing- in whirls and forming a fpike. WHIRLS containing fix flowers in each. CALA X : Perianthium with five teeth, permanent projefting horizontally, and hairy, jig. 1. COROLLA ringent, fmall, a little longer than the calyx, of a pale purple colour, the upper lip fliort, blunt, and entire ; the lower one divided into three iegments, of which the two fide ones are the fhorteft, the middle one large and roundilh. Jig. 2. STAMINA: four Filaments, two of which are fhorter than the reft, white below, and purple above; Antheraj blackifh; Pollen yellow. jig- 3- PISTILLUM : Germen divided into four parts, of a green colour. Style the length of the fla- mina. Stigma bifid and pointed, jig. 4. SEEDS four within the calyx, of a greenifh colour- dotted with black. Jig. 5. t0 haVe- hKn “ flofs ™h “f Plants they ihould clai rnis imaii innabitant of our Coin-fields. At various times, and by various authors it has been railed a a Lamum, a MarriMaflrum, a GUchoma, a S.achp, and a Trixago. S charates of any other genus, nor to afford fufficient diflinaion to form a genus by itfelf. ASPa fpecies however tffficguT gr°wth’ the fmalI,,efs of its flowers> aud f““ °f “s W It is not uncommon in the Corn-fields about the Oak it flowers in June, July, and Augujl. of Honour and Coomb Woods, and elfewhere about London ; Prunella Vulgaris. Self-heal. PRUNELLA Lm. Gen. PI. Didynamja Gymnospermia. Filamenta bifurca : altero apice antherifero. Stigma bifidum. Ran Syn. Gtn. 14. Suefrutices et Herb® verticileatee. PRUNELLA «*m foliia petiolati, Lin. Syjt. Vegetal, p. 4jS. BRUNELLA foliis ovatis oblongis calycibus fuperne truncatis. Haller. FUJI. n. 277. BRUNELLA vulgaris. Scopo/i FI. Cartt. 715. PRUNELLA major folio non diffefto. Bauh.pin . 260. PRUNELLA Gerard. ernac. 631. 'Xsiti-r- ^ RADIX annua, fibrofiffima. „ CAULIS dodrantalis, pedalis et ultra, ereclus ad bafiii * STAT V f !!! Mr Jceed,n^y fibrous. ufque ramofus, 'inferioS’ ! Zuhr h™ M d° “■ f°°/ °r m0re, !n hriSI>t. bus radicantibus, fubquadratus, utrinque canali- * jointed ’ the uf? 5 nat, tins quam ferrata ? P t fpmad.ng, rough w.th httle promine, .t points, t tamtly indented on the edge, father than Mow above, and hairy on the edge, truncatas, e floribus *“* "’l S’ ^-hat^Iindmca,, aboufan cellatisetbraateis conflantes. F * ZVlenves®, od fl ' Jt tuP' «oipofed of | ft°lk leaVCS and “owers Ending on fhort foot- BRACTE.® cordata;, latte, acuminatae, fubdiaphanze,f FLORAL-I EAVFS TiMi-i-flia™»,! > , , . venofae, ciliat*, fubtus hirfut*, fupra glabra. I ’• ^ T* .P“nted. r 8 y lomewnat tranlparent, veiny, edged with hairs, T hirfute on the under fide, imooth and filming VERTICILLI fexflori. 'wHreie rn pAi vy . pr„, . , , v WHIRLS hx flowers in each. LtA-LiA. ferianthium tubulatum, bfa&sis paulo v CALY \ • a tubular Pfptimtu,,,,, r , , longius, biangulatum, fupra glabrum, tSner-l 'than the floYal IcaZ 1“; veum, fubtus ftriatum, angulis ciliatis bilabia- ? . ‘ an8u,ar on each fide, tum; labio fuperiore depmflb-pK tCcalo I W H . i’ ' 'a™ tT- nb*’ ftl iared be- crenato, minutim tridentato, lateribus planis’* two lin* r£CSe Sed with hairs, compofed of inferiore angnffiore, bifido, laciniis acuminatis’, f fomewL dqX^t off aT^ tefmin^d | by three linail teeth, the fides flat, the lower 1 ointeT^V’ 'hS fcg‘r‘™ti lonS sod c°R°LLA^violacea, caducaj^ionopetaL, ^rmgeiis, pars CQRQLLA of a viifl^t colour, ealily falling mpnopeta- 7 J MUJ^UUU, IlllgV.UO, JJlUb tubulola calyce paulo longior, labium fuperius concavum, integrum, fuperne villofum, infe- rius trifidum, laciniis lateralibus integris, de- flexis, intermedia eredta, rotundata, denticulata. M' 2- STAMINA: Filamenta quatuor, fubulata, violacea, bifurca, quorum duo breviora; Antherje bi- lobie, lobis divergentibus, furca interiore inii- dentes. jig. g -- ’ -"“v munupeta- Jous and rmgent, the tubular part a little longer than the calyx, the upper lip hollow, entire aud villous above, , the lower lip divided into three fegments,. of which the fide-ones are entire and bend downward, the middle oneup- right, round, and finely toothed, fi50 • i:r .-.sirai ...' i -V ' • OO.w: , jfSqXIGAJJ ; ; - 'V- :,. ... ; . .;r.v v::a war-: i v . •• • ; J ■ [{J. •• SM • ;! : • ' ;<• . , < f.7 • J b:’. ... : ; -r ■ a . 0 .■ jHj*}. ; r.i ■ ’ ■ 3- - • Vi. ii ubo: -- dirrr .rtr: • : ' :*! •• .-iCCr.r; rfBvr.!- ,• • . TJRU T i rsr. . :: ,a;;> • > .-.•.••• :'i- - -.i . - -iMTzl-i - H' ST ' ! '■'■■■ ■" ■') Uii ..... . . j ■■ : . Scutellaria minor. Small hooded- WILLOW HERB. I SCUTELLARIA Lin. Gen. PL DidynaMIa gYmNos£ermia. Calyx ore integro : poft florefcentiam claufo, operculato. Raii Syn. Gen. 14. Suffrutices et hekba: verticilLata;. SCUTELLARIA minor foliis cordato-ovatis fubintegerrimis, floribus axillaribus. Lin. Syjl. F cgetab. p. 457. Sp. Plant, p. 835. CASSIDxA paluftris minima flore purpurafcente. Fourn. Hi/1, p. 410» LYSIMACHIA galericulata minor. Rail Hifi. 572. Syn. 244. The lefler-hooded Loofeflrife. GRATIOLA latifolia. Gerard \ emac. 585. GRATIOLA latifolia feu noftras minor Parkins. 22 1. Hudfon. FI. Angl. ed. 2. p. 265. Lightfoot FI. Scot. p. 320. RADIX perennis, repens, alba. CAULIS erettus, palmaris, fefquipalmarisj et ultra, fim- plex, feu ramolus, in horto ramofiflimus evadit, tetragonus, rigidulus, fubhirfutus, ball purpu- rafcens. FOLIA oppoiita, fubfecunda, breviffime petiolata, cor- dato-ovata, obtufa, fubiutegerrima, in opacis glabra, in apricis hirfuta, et fubinde rubentia. FLORES parvi, carnei, axillares, bini, pedunculati, pe- dunculis calyce longioribus. CALYX: PerjAnTHium monophyllum, breviffimum,' hirfutum, ore bilabiato, integro, fquamula in- ; cumbente operculi inflar clauflli. Jig. 1. : COROLLA monopetala, ringens, labium fuperius tri- • fidum, fuperne villofum, laciniis fubasqualibus, ; intermedia concava emarginata, lateralibus re- i motiufculis, nec intermediae fubjedlis ficut in ' galericulata. fig. 2. inferius latius, emarginatum, : punftis et lineolis rubris pulchre variegatum. : fis- 3' ■ ROOT perennial, creeping, and white. | STALK upright, a hand’s breadth, fix inches, or more in height, Ample or branched, in the garden : becoming very much fo, four-cornered, fome- what rigid and hirfute, purplifh at the bafe. ; LEAVES oppofite, with a tendency to grow one way, {landing on very fhort foot-flalks, heart-fhaped, ovate, obtufe, almoft entire on the edges, in fhady fituations fmooth, in expofed ones hirfute, and fometimes reddifh. • FLOWERS fmall, of a pale red colour, growing by pairs in the alae of the leaves, Handing on foot-flalks longer than the calyx. CALYX: a Peri anthium of one leaf, very fhort, hir- fute, the mouth compofed of two lips and en- tire, with a fmall fcale like a lid refling on it. fig' *• COROLLA monopetalous, and ringent, the upper lip trifid, and villous above, the fegments nearly equal, the intermediate one hollow and nicked, the fide ones fomewhat diflant from each other, not placed under the intermediate one as in the galericulata. fg. 2. the lower lip broader, with a Angle notch, and prettily variegated with red lines and dots. fig. q. STAMINA: Filamenta quatuor, alba, fub labio fu- periore recondita, quorum duo longiora. An- ther as minimas, albs, ad lentem hirfutulae. fig' 4- PISTILLUM: Germen quadripartitum. Stylus albus, longitudine flaminum, fuperne paulu- lum incraflatus. Stigma Amplex, incurvatum, acuminatum. Jig. 5. PERICARPIUM nullum, calyx continens SEMINA quatuor, fubrotunda, ad lentem afpera. Jig. 6. NECT ARIUM glandula aurantiaca ad bafin germinis. fig- 7- under the upper lip, two of which are longer than the other two. Anthers very minute, white, and flightly hirfute, when magnified. . fig- 4- J PISTILLUM : Germen divided into four parts. Style I white, the length of the ftamina, thickened I a little above. Stigma fimple, a little hooked, T and pointed, fig. 5. I SEED-A ESSEl, none, the calyx containing four feeds. X SEEDS of a rqundiili fliape, appearing rough when mag- | nified. fig. 6. I NECTARY : an orange-coloured gland at the bafe of T the germen, fig. 7, Gerard, our countryman, appears to have been the difcoverer of this fpecies, to which he gives the names of Gratiola latifolia. Parkinson, who confidered it as a plant peculiarto this country, adds to them the epithet of mjlrus. Tournefort, afterwards enumerating the plants growing shout Paris, mentions it as growing with them “■ feveral places ; neverthelefs it is not common throughout Europe. Indeed Linnasus, in Vis Species Plantarum cxpretsly lays, bahtat m Anglia. Gerard's referring a plant to another genus, fo obvioufiy fimilat in its parts of fructification to what was then called Lyfimachta galericulata Ihews, that little attention was paid to thofe parts at that time ; nor was he very fortunate 111 applying to the leaves of fo fmall a plant the name of latifolia * Had Ltsn.eds frequently leen and cultivated this plant, as we have had opportunitv of doing he would have exp refled no doubt ot its being too nearly related to the galericulata and ba/tifolia. Vid. Spec Plant ,, ‘n the time of old Gerard, this fpecies was found on Hamffiead Heath, and on fome of the boggy parts of that Heath it Hill exifts ; but is more plentifully met with m fimilar fituations, on Putney and Shirley Commons It flowers m July, Auguft, and September. On Shirley. Common we have feen it much larger than the fpecimen figured ; and this fummer found a Angle plant which had blue flowers. ^ men QrobAnche major. Common Broom-Rape. OROBANCHE Lin. Gen. PL Didynamia Angiospermi a. 'Cal. bifidus. Cor. ringens. Caps, unilocularis, bivalvis; polyfperma. Glandula fub bail germinis. Rail Syn. Gen. iS. Herbie fructu sicco singulari flore mcnopetalo. OROBANCHE major caule fimpliciflimo pubefcente, Ramiiiibiis fubeitfertis. Lin. Syjl. V e gei ab. p. 4 97. Spec. Pl. p. 882. FI. Suec. n. 561. OROBANCHE caule fimplici, ftipula unica, calyce quadrifida* Haller. Hi/l. 295. OROBANCHE major, Scopoli FI. Carri, n. 782. OROBANCHE major Garyophyllum olens. Bauh. pin. 87. RAPUM GeniftiE Gemmae, xatl. Parii»/. 229. Rail Syh. ji. Broom-rape. Htldfin. FI. Angi, ed. 2. p. 266. Lightfobl Flor. Scot. p. 332. RADIX Spartii fcoparii radicibus plerumque adhafeitur. | ROOT generally grows to the roots of the common I Broom. CAULIS pedalis ad fefqui pedalem, ereftus, fimplex, fif- i STALK from a foot to a foot rind a half in height, up- tulofus, teretiuiculus, fulcato-ftriatus, villo- 1 right, Ample, hollow, rou'ndifh, fomevvhat fus, purpuraicens, fquamis fparfis, marcidis, •% channeled, villous, of a purpl.lh colour, co- tedus, ad bafin bulbofus, bulbo fquamoio. | vered with withered fquam 7- The literal Englifh tranflation of the Greek word Orobanche is Strangle-tare*: this term has been given by Dioscorides to one plant, and by Theophrastus to another ; ours is undoubtedly the Orobanche of Dioscorides, (as it accords with his delcriptionf), and alfo of Pliny. The Orobanche of Theophrastus mail have been lome * OPOBATXH, Ervangina Gaza, quod opoSou ayyii, ervum Jlrangulct, dicitur. + “ Orobanche cauliculus eft fefquipedalis, et interdum major, fubruber, hirfuius, tener, fine folio, pinguis : -flore fubalbido, am in luteum “ vergente: radice digiti craffitudine, et cum ariditate flaccefcit caulis, fiftulofa. Hanc inter quaedam legumina nalci conftai, ec ea ftrangulare, “ unde Orobanche fibi cognomentum ufurpavit. Eftur, ut olus, cruda, et in patinis, afparagi modo, decofta.^ Legumentis addita, concoaio- “ nem accelerare creditur.” Matih. ex Diofc. . climbiug climbing plant, as is evident from his words, which are thus quoted by Matthiolus, “ Ervum necat amplexu “ complexuque fuo,” whereas the Orobanche of Dioscorides, according to the fame author, by its prefence only, “ fua tantum prefentiS,” deftroys the Legumina, Corn, Hemp, and Flax which grow near it, and from which property of choaking and devouring the neighbouring plants, Matthiolus fays they called it in fome parts of Italy the JVolf plant ; its pernicious effetts in this relpedl are confirmed by a later Italian writer Micheli, who mentions its being profcribed in Tufcany by public edict. The mod: remarkable circumftance in the oeconomy of this plant, is its growing from t'he roots of others j Cacpar Bauhine afferts, that it is always attached to the fibres (fibris) of fome plant near it; feveral of my bo- tanic friends are of opinion that it is not paraiitical in all fituations, efpecially in corn-fields, but they have not confirmed their opinions by a&ual and repeated examinations, which are Hill wanting. The plants from the roots of which Casp. Bauhine obferved it to grow were the Spa?-tium Scoparium, common Broom, Genijla tin&oria , Woodwaxen, Hieracium fubaudum , fhrubby Hawkweed, Trifolium , Trefoil, (no particular fpecies is mentioned), and Orobus tuberofus. Wood Pea ; all of thefe (one excepted) are leguminous plants, to which it is obferved to have the ftrongeft attachment; I have met with it but rarely about London, excepting one lpor, in which it might be laid truly to abound ; this was a fmall, hilly, barren field, covered partly with furze and broom, on the left- hand fide of the road, within about two miles of Kingfton, Surry, about half a mile beyond the Robin Hood and Turnpike, in which field the Botanifl: will find feveral other rare plants. I have alfo feen it on Hampflead Heath, and on the borders of Charlton Wood ; in thefe feveral fituations it grew either out of the roots of Broom or Furze, but chiefly the former. My late gardener Robert Squibb once brought me out of Surry a very ltroug plant of Orobanche, which had grown in a corn field on the root of the Centaurea Scabiofa : I planted both roots in -my garden, in the fituation they were found ; the Knapweed grew, but the Broom-rape died. Several perfons have informed me of their having found it to be parafitical on the roots of Clover , in particular Dr. Goodenough and Mr. Ruggles of Cobham ; Mr. Thomas White once related to me his having obferved a fmall Orobanche growing on walls, &c. in Pembrokefhire, and that the decayed floor of an old cattle in particular was almofl covered with it ; he alfo noticed, that in fome of the wtftern counties this plant was lb common as to give the mowers caufe of complaint. The Orobanche appears to vary in fize according to the fize of the root it grows on, the (lem being fometimes almoft as thick as one’s thumb, and at other times not much larger than a wheat-ftraw ; the flowers vary much in their colour, but are moftly dead-purple or yellowifh. The feed of this plant is remarkably fmall, hence it will be extremely difficult to fhew its vegetation by expe- riment, more efpecially as it requires a very particular foil and fituation, yet no one can doubt but the plant is propagated thereby ; it mull: firft vegetate on the earth, then the radicle, which is fent downward, finding a proper root, attaches itfelf to it, quits its parent earth, and becomes parafitical. It has a faint fmell of cloves, and is faid to be a ftrong aftringent and ufeful vulnerary. Linnaeus remarks that Sweden is too cold for it to flourilh with them. Antirrhinum Orontium. Small Snapdragon. ANTIRRHINUM Lin . Gen. PL Didynamia Angiospermia. Cd. 5-phyllus. Corolla balls deorfum prominens, ne&arifera. Capfula 2-locularis. RaiiSyn. Gen. 18. Herb.® fructu sicco singulari flore monopetalo. ANTIRRHINUM Orontium corollis ecaudatis, floribus fubfpicatis, calycibus corolla longioribus. Lin. Syjl. Vegetab. p; 466. Sp. PL p. 860. FL Suec. n. 559. ANTIRRHINUM foliis ellipticis obtufis, floribus Iparfis, calycibus fubulatis longiffimis, 'calcare bre- viffima. Haller. Hifi. n. 334. ANTIRRHINUM Orontium. Scopoli FL Carn. n. 774. ANTIRRHINUM anguftifolium fylveftre. Bauh. Hifi. III. 464. ANTIRRHINUM arvenfe majus. Bauh. pin. 212. ANTIRRHINUM fylveftre medium. Parkin/. 1334. Raii Syn. p. *283. The leffer wild CalTs Snout or Snapdragon. Hudjon. FL Angl. ed. 2. p. 274. RADIX annua, fimplex, rigida, albida, fibrofa, fibris paucis, patentibus. CALLIS fpithamaeus, aut pedalis, fimplex feu ramofus, ereftus, teres, pilofus, pilis patentibus, fub- vifeidis. FOLIA ima oppbfita, fubconnata, fuperiora alterna, li- neari-lanceolata, carinata, deflexa, integerrima, hirfutula. FLORES pauci, axillares, feffiles, rubelli, vix fpicati, nili in lpeciminibus majoribus. CALYX: Perianthium quinque-partitum, perfiftens, laciniis linearibus, carinatis, hirfutis, longitu- dine corolla?, fuperiore longiore. COROLLA monopetala, rofea, venis faturatioribus flriata, inferne et fuperne pubefeens ; labium fuperius bifidum, lateribus reflexum, inferius trifidum, laciniis deflexis, iutermedia minore, Neblarium brevilfimum, obtufum. Jig. 1. STAMINA: Filamenta quatuor, filiformia, purpu- rafcentia, glabra, quorum duo breviora ; An- thers flava, bilobse, conniventes. jig. 2. PISTILLUM: Germen fubrotundum, villofum ; Sty- lus Tubulatus, villofus, apice paululum incli- natus ; Stigma obtufum, flavum, jig. 3. PERICARPIUM: Capsula pedunculata, ereda, hir- futa, apice triforamiuofa, bilocularis. jig. 4. SEMINA plurima, nigricantia, angulata, Jig. 5. ROOT annual, firhple, (tiff, whitilb, fibrous, fibres few and fpreading. STALK from a fpan to a foot in height, fimple or branched, upright, round, hairy, the hairs fpreading and fomewhat vifeid. LEAVES of a fhape betwixt linear and lanceolate, keeled, turning downward, entire at the edge, flightly hairy, the lowermoft oppofite, (lightly uniting at the bafe, the uppermoft alternate. FLOWERS few, growing from the ala? of the leaves, fertile, of a bright red colour, fcarcely form- ing a fpike, unlefs in large Ipecimens. CALYX : a Perianthium deeply divided into five fegments, and permanent ; the fegments linear, keeled, hairy, the length of the corolla, the uppermoft fegment longeft. COROLLA monopetalous, rofe coloured, ftriped with veins of the fame colour but deeper, both above and below flightly hairy, the upper lip bifid, the fides turning back, the lower lip trifid, the fegments turning down, the pniddle one the fmalleft ; Neblary very Ihort and blunt. fig- 1. STAMINA : four Filaments, thread-lhaped, purplilh, fmooth, two of which are (horter than the others; Anther.® yellow, doling together, compofed of two lobes, jig. 2. PISTILLUM : Germen roundilh, and villous ; Style tapering, villous, bending a little downward at top ; Stigma blunt and yellow, fig. 7. SEED-VESSEL: a Capsule Handing on a tootftalk, upright, hairy, having two cavities and three apertures at top. jig. 4. SEEDS numerous, blackilh and angula'r. fig. 5. This fpecies of Antirrhinum is diftinguifhed from all the others, the majus excepted, by having no fpur to the corolla, and from the majus by being an annual, and having long, pointed leaves to the calyx, which in that plant are Ihort and obtuli?. It grows in tolerable plenty in Batterfea Corn-fields, where it flowers in July and Auguft. The feed-velfel, when fully ripe, is a curious reprefentation of the Ikull of a Quadruped. Raphanus Raphanistrum. Wild Rad RAPHANUS Lm. Got. PI. Tetradynamia Siliquosa. I S H. Cat .S:‘im.tomb’ ^articulata, teres. Ghmta, Mellifera cal"cem bmm “ «»•» ft»», longiora " Ran Syr,. Got. 21. Herb* tetrapetal* siliqjjos* et siliculoS*. raphanus 50,. RAPHANISTRUM fegetum, flore luteo vel pallido. Tmnef, tnfi, 2+0. RAPISTRUM flore luteo, filiqua glabra articulata. Rail Syrt. p. 296. RAPHANUS fylveflris. Ger. mac. 240. Hudfoti FI. AngU p. 289. Lig htfoc, PL Scot. p. jSt. RADIX annua, limplex, fibrofa, pallide fufca. CAULIS pedalis ad fefquipedalem, ereftus, teres, folidus nilpidus, glaucus, ad balin ufque plerumque ramofus, ramis faspe longitudine caulis, ad balm purpureis. FOLIA petiolata, pinnatifida, alterna, fcabra, inferiori- bus pinnarum quatuor aut quinque parium, luperioribus duarum triumve, omnibus obtufi- ' ufcule ferratis feu dentatis, dentibus apice pur-1 pureis. r FLORES pedunculari, lutei, albi, feu carnei, venis ni- gricantibus pidti. : ROOT annual, (imple, fibrous, and of a pale brown : STALK from a foot to a foot and a half in height ud- nght round, folid, hifpid, glaucous, gene- rally branched quite down to the bottom, atTotto “ “ l0“S “ the a‘ld p“rPle LEAVES Handing on foot-flalks, pinnatifid, alternate rough the loivermofl confiding of four or five Pa.ir °f P11111*’ tfle_ uppermoft of two or three all of them obtufely ferrated or toothed, the teeth purple at the tips. •FLOWERS Handing on foot-flalks, yellow, white or fiefh-coloured, painted with blackifh veins. CALYX: Perianthium tetraphyllum, ereaum hifni ^CAI Pamted with blackifll veins. dulum foliolis oblongis, pandlelisf S § STheT -pHgta. a tibns, deciduis, bafi gibbis, fig. ,. I little hiipid, the leaves oblong, parallel, doling COROLLA tetrapetala, cruciformis: petala alba five I COROLLA^omnofo^'fT5’ glbbous a”hc half, fig- r. canribm! ! fnv T’l A.r- *• —‘‘A- SS5 r; fSt.;’ STAMINA: Filamenta fex, fubulata, erefla ; quo- 1 STAMINA™ fiT Filaments' rum duo oppofita longitudine calycis, quatuor» which two r ’ lpenng’ «pnght; of vero unguibus longiori Anther* oblong*, I Z T? T of *e ‘™6rh of entire, lagittata:. fig. 3. E I tb “lyx, and four of the length of the claws J I of the corolla. Anther* oblong, upright PISTILLUM: Germen oblongum, ventricofum, atte- 1 PISTILLUM^ Per M nuatum, longitudine flaminum. Stylus vix I muring XT t*! b,ell^ng °Ut a Iittle’ uUus. Stigma capitatum, integrum. Jig. +. if fcarce fiivh St S ’ he- fl”mina' Sty,'e 6 JS 4 $ icaice any. Stigma forming a little head PERICARPIUM : Sili,„a teres, articulata, articulis tri- ? SEED VESSeT"" -+' a r bus ad fex et ultra, fulcatis, unilocularibus, f V^S or moroidT^r ' ’u COInFofei1 of threc. r ... iix, 01 morejomts, which are grooved, of one cavity containing a. Angle feed, the joints cut in, the apex terminating in a linear, flat, SEMINA fubrotunda, ferruginea, glaberrima, magnitu- ¥ SEEDS romidiffc f* ^ dine feminum Raphani fativi. fig-. 6 ° * b c !? ferruSineoJs, very fmooth, the fize ot the common garden Radifh. Jig. 6. -ins; a charatter fma.1 refemblance ; tome of the mod *** “ The Charlock ufually grows one third taller than the Radifh Th*» a^ii «• i . ilere enumerate, grooved, hirfute, and commonly of a deep red colour in the Radifh are whic 1 in the Charlock are finely The Charlock has often an unbranched ftem • the Radifh is more f ^ooth, yet hifpid, and ufually glaucous, befides, the calyx is upright and Sin 4^4 • b™chedJT“ down to the bottom , alfo are fmaller, and always yellow. ' hall0Ck “ 15 . : - .. Cardamine hirsuta. Hairy Ladies-smock CARDAMINE Lin. Gen. PI. Tetradynamia Siliquosa. Siliqua elaftice diffiliens valvulis revolutis. Stigma integrum. Cal. fubhians. Ritii Sy'n. Gen. ii. Herba; tetr apex ala: SiLiquos^ et SfLictiLos.®-. CARDAMINE foliis pinnatis, floribus tetrandris. Lin. SyJl. Vegetab. p. 497. Sp. PI. p. 915. FI. Suec. n. 587. CARDAMINE foliis .pinnatis hirfutis, pinnis fubrotundis, flaminibus quaternis-. Haller Hijl. 473. CARDAMINE hirjuta. Scopoli FI. Cam. n. 817* t. 38. NASTURTIUM aquaticum minus-. Baub. Pin. 104. CARDAMINE impatiens altera hir-futior-. Rail Syn. p. 306. The lefler hairy, impatieht CuckOw- flower or Ladies -fmocki CARDAMINE foliis pinnatis-, foliolis radicalibus fubrotundo-cordatis ; 'caulinis ovatis dentatis petiolatis-. ■Hudfon. FI. Angi. ed. 2. p. 295. Lightfoot FI. Scot. p. 348. RADIX annua, fibrofa-, fibris albidis-. CAULIS fpithamaeus, et ultra pro ratione loci, in foffis humidis reperitur etiam fefquipedalis, folidus, ereftus* flexuofus, fulcato-angulofus, prope bafin purpUreus, et fiepius hirfutiffimus, fu- perne fere glaber, ramolus, ramofiflimus etiam , occurrit. FOLIA radicalia plurima, in orbem pofita, pinnata, fo- i liolis petiolatis, rotundato- angulatis, plerumque ■ quinque lobatis, hirfutis, punftis prominulis; fcabriufculis, lobis inaequalibus, nunc obtufis, nunc acutis ; cauliiia anguftiora et magis pro- . funde incufa, lobis paucioribus. FLORES parvi, albi, primo Vere tantum, tetraiidri. ■ CALYX : Perianthium tetraphyllum, foliolis ovato- ' oblongis, obtufis, concavis, deciduis, pilis ; paucis albidis inftruttis. Jig. 1. \ COROLLA: Petala quatUor, alba, calyce duplo fere; longiora, patentia, integerrima, obtufa. Jig. 2. ; STAMlNA: FilamEntA plelumque fex* quorum diio- breviora, alba. Anther* minimie, lutef— centes. fig. 3. ; PISTILLUM: Germen oblongum, tenue, flaminibus' paulo brevior. Stigma capitatum, fig. 4. 1 PERlCARPlUlM : Siliqua ere£ta* uncialis, fu bcomp refla* • bivalvis, elaftice diffiliens, valvulis revolutis- fis 5- ; SEMINA duodecim circiter, fuborbiculata*- comprefla, ; glabra* e flavo fufea Jig. 61 ; ROOT annilal and fibrous, the fibres whitiffi. STALK, about a fpan high, or more, according to the fituation in which it grows ; in Wet ditches it is fometimes found even a foot and a half in height* folid, upright, crooked, grooved or angular, purple near the bafe, and moft commonly very hairy, above nearly fmooth, branched, fome- times very much fo. LEAVES next the root numerous, forming a circle* pinnated, the fmall leaves ftaiiding on foot- ftalks, round yet angular, generally divided into five lobes, hirfute* roughiffi with little prominent points* the lobes unequal* fome- times blunt and fometimes pointed ; thofe of the ftalk narrower, and more deeply indented* with fewer lobes. FLOWERS fmall, and white* early in the fpnng, hav- ing only four flamina. ’CALYX : a Perianthium of four leaves* of an ovate* oblong ffiape, obtufe* hollow, deciduous, fur- niffied with a few white hairs. Jig. 1. COROLLA': four white Petals, almoft twice the length of the calyx, fpreading, entire and ob- tufe. Jig. 2. STAMINA : for the moft part fix Filaments* of Which two are ffiorter than the reft, of a white colour. Anther.* very fmall and yellowiffi. Jig. o. PISTILLUM : Germen oblong, {lender, a little ffiorter than the flamina. Stigma forming a fmall head. Jig. 4. SEED-VESSEL: ail upright Pod, about an inchin length* fomewhat flattened, of two valves, which burft with an elaftic force, and roll back. fig. 5. SEEDS about twelve in number, nearly round and flat- tened, fmooth, and of a yellowiffi- brown co- lour. Jg. 6. We were inclined to believe with our ingenious friend Mr. Lightfoot, that the Cardamine hirfuta and tarvifiord were diftiua: fpeaesj but repeated obiervation and culture have convinced us, that they are both the fame varvino- At. 1 tr in il-T« in nntl in iiio nnmka. r.f .linL A. 1 ***.ying only in fize, in hairinefs, and in the number of their flamina. In wet filiations, where the foil is luxuriant, it grows a foot or two in height, and lofes in a great degree its hairinefs ; m expofed places it feldom reaches more than fix or eight inches, and is generally much more hairv inH when it grows hngly, much more branched.. The fame plant, early in the fpring, when the weather is cold ha 01, ly four flammat as the fumer advances, it has conftantly fix. The lobes of the radical leaves vary much in ffiape, and are frequently much rounder than the figure reprefents. 3 1 . This fpecies is by .10 means general about London but abounds in particular places; as by ChMa water-works in wet ditches about HampJlead , Highgate, and elfewhere. J It flowers in April and May. In the garden, if the f.tUatioh it, which it is Town be fhady, and the feafon not uncommonly dry, it continues flowering and feeding during the whole of the fumrner According to Mr Lightfoot, the young leaves are a good ingredient in a iallad, and may eaflly be obtained in the fpring, when Muftard and Crefs are not to be had. 3 3 stained ia Geranium pratense Crowfoot Cranesbill GERANIUM Lin. Gen. PI. Monadelfhia DecandRia. Monogyna. Stigmat. J'. FruEtus roftratus, 5-coccus. RaiiSyn. Gen. 24. ITerb A Prntarrtala Vasculiferre. GERANIUM pratenfe pedunculis bifloris, foliis fubpeltatis multipartitis rugofis acutis, petalis integris. Lin. Syft. Veget, p. 514. Sp. PL p. 954- Su!c • n- 968- GERANIUM caule ereflo, foliis rugofis hirfutis multilobis, lobis trifidis, lobulis femipinnatis, floribus umbellatis. Haller . Hifl. n. 931. GERANIUM pratenfe Scopoli FI. Cam. n. 852. GERANIUM batrachoides, Gratia Dei Germanorum. ‘Bank. Pin. 318. GERANIUM Batrachoides. Ger. emac. 922. GERANIUM Batrachoides flore cseruleo. Park. 704- Ra" Syn. ed. 3. p. 360. Crowfoot Cranefbill. Hudfon FI. Angl. ed. 2. p. 302. Lightjoot FI. Scot. p. 368. RADIX perennis, craflltie digiti minimi aut major, hori- zontalis, rugoia, e rubro fufca, intus flavefcens, fibris majufculis profunde penetrantibus in-' ftrufta. CAULIS pedalis ad tripedalem, ere&us, ramofus, tereti- ufculus, pubefcens, bafl ruberrimus, fuban- gulofus. FOLIA hirfutula, radicalia longiflime petiolata, fuprema' fubfeffilia, omnib'us multipartitis, venofis, fub- tus pallidioribus, lacinis multifidis, incifis. PETIOLI teretes, pubefcentes. STIPULAE ad bafin foliorum utrinque binae, ovato acu- minata:, primo rubicund®, dein marcefcentes, ad bafin pedunculorum quin®, lanceolat®. PEDUNCULI gemini, pilofiffimi, vifcofi, primo nu- tantes, demum eredi. FLORES magni, fpeciofi, e purpureo cterulei. CALYX: Periantiiium pentaphyllum, perfidens, fo- liolis ovatis, acutis, concavis, margine mem- branaceis. Jig. 1. COROLLA : Petala quinque, fubintegerrima, venofa, bafi utrinque hirfutula. Jig. 2. STAMINA: Filamenta decem fubulata, fuperne purpurafcentia, inferne lata, albida ; Anthers oblongs, cterule®, incumbentes. Jig. 3. PISTILLUM: Germen pentagonum, vifcofum, viride; Stylus filiformis, rubicundus, flaminibus | longior ; Stigma quinquefidum, laciniis li- nearibus, reflexis. Jig. 4. SEMEN oblongum, laeve, ex arillo elaflice difliliens.' Jig. ' 5, 6- • ROOT perennial, the thicknefs of the little finger, or larger, horizontal, wrinkled, of a reddifh brown colour, yellowifh within, furnifhed with largifh fibres, which penetrate to a great depth. : STALK from one to three feet in height, upright, ; branched, roundifh, downy, very red, and fome- • what angular at the bottom. ; LEAVES fomewhat hirfute, thofe next the root, ftanding on very long footftalks, the uppermoft ones nearly feflile, all of them deeply divided into ; many fegments, veiny and paler underneath, : the fegments jagged. : LEAF-STALKS round and downy. : STIPULE at the bafe of the leaves two on each fide, ovate and pointed, at firft reddifli, afterwards withering, thofe at the bafe of the peduncles five in number, and lanceolate. FLOWER-STALKS growing two together, very hairy, clammy, at firft drooping, laftly upright. FLOWERS large, fhowy, of a purplifti blue colour. CALYX: a Perianthium of five leaves and perma- nent, the leaves ovate, pointed, concave, bearded, clammy, ribbed and membranous at the edge. Jig. 1. COROLLA : five Petals, nearly entire, veiny, hairy on each fide the bale. Jig. 2. STAMINA : ten Filaments, tapering, purplifh above, below broad and whitifh ; Anther.® oblong, blue and incumbent. Jig. 3. PISTILLUM: Germen pentagonal, clammy, of a green colour; Style filiform, reddifli, longer than the flamina ; Stigma divided into five fegments, which are linear and turned back. fig- 4- SEED oblong, fmooth, thrown from the feed-covering with confiderable elafticity. Jig. 5, 6. This is by far the moft fhowy of the Cranefbills growing wild with us, and in that refpe£t is exceeded by none of the Englifh ones except the Sanguineum. Its leaves are large, and fomewhat like thofe of the Meadow Crow- foots, whence its name. Its beauty has longfince recommended it to the notice of the curious in flowers, in the gardens of which we find it not only as it commonly occurs, but alfo with white, purple, andftriped blpffoms. It loves a moift fituation, as it naturally grows wild in meadows, which it ornaments with its blofloms in July and Auguft. Near London it is found in tolerate abundance in the meadows about Batterfea, and in the vicinity of the Thames both above and below bridge; in many parts of Torkjhire, particularly about Settle, it is almoft as com- mon as the Mallow is with us, not only in meadows, but every where under their ftone walls. The blofloms are much reforted to by various fpecies of flies, particularly thofe of the Genus Empis. Malva moschata. Musk Mallow, MALVA Lin. Gen. PI. Monadelphia Polyandria. Cal. duplex : exterior triphyllus. Arilli plurimi, mOnofpermi. Raii Syn. Gen. 15. Herbie semine nudo polyspermaj. MALVA mofchata caule eredto, foliis radicalibus reniformibus incilis; caulinis quinquepartitis pinnato- multifidis. Lin. Syfi. Vegetab. p. 523. Spec. Pi. p. 971. FI. Suec. n. 629. MALVA foliis radicalibus reniformibus, iiicifis, caulinis quinquepartitis pinnatis, pinnis dentatisi Haller. FUJI. n. 1072. MALVA Mofchata. Scopdii FI. Carn. n. 861. MALVA montana live Alcea rotundifolia laciniata; Coi. Ecphr. i. p. 148. t. 147. ALCE A folio rotundo laciniato. Bauh. Pin. 316. ALCEA tenuifolia crifpa. I. B. II. App. 1667. Raii Syn. p. 253. Hudfon. FI. Angi. ed. 21 p. 3081 Lightfoot FI. Scot. p. 376. RADIX perennis, albida, fublignofa, difficillime eruta. CAULIS: ex una radice caules nafcuntur plurimi, bipe- dales, lubere&i, ramofi, teretes, fiflulofi, hir- futi, pun£Us purpureis prominulis adlperfi, e quibus pili prodeunti FOLIA alterna, petiolata, inferiora plerumque fex par- tita, laciniis pinnatifidis, multifido-laciniatis, liirfutulis, apice fubacutis, luperiora brevius petiolata, in pauciores et tenuiores lacinias divifa. [ ROOT perennial* * whitilh, fomewhat woody, and with difficulty pulled upi • STALK : from one root arife fevefal Halks, about two feet high, nearly upright, branched, round, hollow, hirfute, fprinkled with purple pro- minent points, from which the hairs iliue. ■ LEAVES alternate* Handing on foot-ffalks, the lower ones generally deeply divided into fix fegments* Which are pinnatifid and fub-divided into many others* flightly hirfute, and pointed at the tips, the upper ones Handing on fhorter foot- Halks* and divided into fewer and narrower fegments. STIPULAE utrinque bins, ere&as, lanceolate*, hirfut®, ■■ STIPULAE two on each fide, upright, lanceolate, hir- marginte undulata;. ;; fute, waved on the edge. FLORES magni, fpeciofi, carnei. | FLOWERS large, ffiowy, and fleffi-coloured. PEDUNCULI unciales, teretes, pilofii I FLOWER-STALKS an inch in length, round and I hairy. CALYX: PeriAnthium duplex, inferiils triphyllum, | CALYX: a double Perianthium, the lowermoH com- foliolis lanceolatis, fuperius quinquefidum, | poled of three lanceolate leaves, the upper- ovato-acutum, faspe laciniatum, pundtatum, ? moH divided into five fegments, ovate and hirfutum, margine fetrato glanduiolutm fig. i.| pointed, often jagged, dotted, hirfute, the f . edge ferrated with fmall glands, fig. 1. COROLLA: Petala quinque, fubtriangularia, carnea, t COROLLA: five Petals, fomewhat triangular, flelh- veuis faturatioribus ramofis notata, apice fub- 1 ’ ' ’ ’ • truncata, erola, ball albida, margine utrinque t ciliata, fig . 2. | coloured, marked with branched veins of deeper colour, fomewhat truncated with a piece bit out at fop, at bottom whitilh, with . t the edge fringed on each fide with hairs, fig. 2 ; STAMINA : Filamenta plurima, in tubum cylindra- | STAMINA : Filaments numerous, forming a whitilh ceum, albidum, pilofum coalita, fuperne li- f hairy cylindrical tube* loofe at top, and bend- bera, reflexa. Anth.eras primUm reniformes, | ing back. AntHeraj at firH kidney- Ih aped carneie, dein purpurea;, demum casruleicentes. | and flelh-coloured, then purple, and laflly Pollen album, globolum.^. 3. . | blueilh. Pollen white and globular, fig. ?. PISTILLUM: Germina plurima, in orbem dilpofita, | PISTILLUM : GERMiNAnumerous, circularly difpoitd, flavefcentia ; Styli plurimi, ruberrimi, fili- * of a yellowiffi colour. Styles numerous of formes, ad unum latus pilofi, polline plerum- | a bright red colour, th read -Ih aped, hairy* oil que obdudi. Stigmata fimplicia. fig. 5. $ one fide, and generally covered with pollen. * Stigmata Ample. fig. 5. The plant here figured has been, and is Hill, confidered by moH Englilh Botanifls as the Vervain Mallow .* there is little doubt but it is the plant which Ray confidered as the Alcea vulgaris major of C. Bauhine, in which idea he was moH probably miHaken, as it accords better with the Alcea rotundifolia laciniata of that author. Be this as it may, it certainly is not the Malva Alcea of Linnjeus, which Mr. Hudson makes a native of this country and which, he fays, grows wild in IVarunckJhire, Leicefierjhire , 'and Nottinghamjhire. J * At the fame time that Linn as us has very properly made two diffindi fpecies of thefe plants, he has been rather unfortunate in the parts he has feleded for their difcrimination. ■ Taking for granted that Mr. Hudson has good authority for what he afferts (although the counties he fpecifies are not particularly mentioned by Ray) it appears, that the Mofchata is a general, the Alcea a local plant • the former I have found in moH of the counties I have vifited, and Mr. Lightfoot mentions it as growing m bcotland ; the latter I have never feen wild, but have occafionally obferved it in fome of the gardens about London • and laff year, having an opportunity of cultivating it in my own, I was agreeably furprized, to find that it afforded many obvious and fatisfadory diflindions, the moH Hriking of which 1 (hall enumerate, for the gratification of the Engluh Botanifi, ® The Maha Alcea grew to nearly twice the height of the Mofchata, whence it agrees with Baohime’s name of major. It was m every refpeft a ftronger plant, and hardier to the touch; the leaves of the flalk were much lef- jagged ; the flowers in both were pretty fimilar, both in fhape, fize, and colour ; but the ealvees differed remarkably. In the Mcfchata the lowermoft let of leaves were lanceolate, fometimes almoft linear- in the Alcea they were ovate; added to this, the calyx of the Alcea, near its bafe, had a large protuberant annulus or ring, which. was entirely wanting in the Mofchata. Thefe changers of the calyx alone will, it is prefumed ever be found fuffiaent to diftinguifh the two plants when in flower ; befides thefe, the Mofchata drawn thrash the hand has the peculiar property of communicating a ftrong fmell of mufk, whence its name. S From this relation thofe Botanifls, relident in the counties above mentioned, will be better enabled to i„d„ whether they have the true Malva Alcea or not. Juag® The Mofchata grows very plentifully in the neighbourhood of Coomb Wood , and flowers in June and Julv No particular virtues or ufes are attributed to this fpecies ; but its beauty entitles it to a place i 11 the warden Bees refort much to it. r Trifolium glomeratum. Round-headedTrefoil, TRIFOLIUM hin. Gen. Ph Diadelphia Decandria. Plores fubcapitati. Legumen Vix calyce iougius, imi, dehifcens; deciduum. Raii Syn. Gtn. 23. Herb* * flore pamlionaceo sed lege minos Ai. TRIFOLIUM , «gM. “ .«X“ *** ^ **»-**• TRIFOLIUM arvenfe fupinum verticillatum. Ban. ic. 882. TRIFOLIUM parvum re 4- COROLLA compofita, plana, uniformis, Corollulis hermaphroditis, viginti circiter, caruleis, Tu- bas cylindricus, brevis, albus, apice dilatatus et pilofus; Limbus planus, quinque-dentatus, fubtus nervofus et villofus. Jig. 5. STAMINA: Filamenta quinque alba, capillaria, manifefte libera ; Anthers faturate carulese, in tubum cylindricum, angulatum coalita. Jig. 6. PISTILLUM: Germen fubconicum, album, pilis bre- viffimis coronatum; Stylus filiformis, albus; Stigmata duo, carulea, revoluta, jig. 7. SEMINA plurima, in fundo calycis, _ nuda, fubpenta- gona, margine pilis breviffimis ciliata. Jig. 8. au ft. $ ROOT perennial, externally of a yellowifh colour, ta- I pering very gradually to a point, alfo btanched, I the thicknefs of the finger, a fpnn, and often a foot in length, ftriking downward, futnifhed I with few fmall fibres, milky, the milk of a white colour. I STALK from one to three feet in height, upright, ri- ¥ gid, crooked, roughifh to the touch, and ge- nerally very much branched. t LEAVES at the root numerous, like thofe of Dande- I lion, roughifh, thofe of the ftalk fraoother, I alternate, partly furrounding the ftem. t FLOWERS growing generally in pairs, fhowy, feffile, fpringing from the ake of the uppermoft leaves. I CALYX common to many florets, compofed of a double fet of fquamse or leaves, the outermoft of which I are five in number, ovate, pointed, fomewhat % fpreading, edged with glandular hairs, the I innermoft about eight, narrow, equal, form- $ ing an angular, clammy cylinder. Jig. 1, 2, I 3. 4- f COROLLA compound, flat, regular. Florets herma- | phrodite, about twenty in number, of a blue I colour ; Lube cylindrical, fhort, white, di- lated at top and hairy ; Limb flat, with five ^ teeth at the extremity, on the under fide rib’d t and villous. Jig. 5. I STAMINA : five Filaments, of a white colour, very ¥ {lender, manifeftly unconnected j Antherae I of a deep blue colour, forming an angular, cy- $ lindrical tube. Jig. 6. I PISTILLUM : Germen fomewhat conic, crowned I with very fhort hairs; Style thread-fhaped, white; Stigmata two, of a blue colour, and I rolled back. ? SEEDS numerous in the bottom of the calyx, naked, I irregularly five cornered, the edge crowned ^ with very fhort hairs. Jig. 8. magnified. That beautiful plants are often noxious weeds, agriculturally confidered, we have already noticed in the Biftort, the field Convolvulus, the corn Poppy, and the perennial Perficaria ; the blue Succory adds another to the catalogue. Batterfea Fields, ' which exhibit bad hufbandry in perfeftion, produce this plant moft plentifully ; it flowers in July, Augujl and September j like the docks it increafes itfelf much by feed, and is to be extirpated in the fame manner. Some botanifts have erfoneoufly fuppofed this fpecies of Succory to be the Endive in its wild ftate, but its ftrong perennial root fufficiently evinces the contrary. The Cichorium Endivia, which is an annual or biennial, and grows wild in the Corn-fields of Spain, together with the Intybus *, is undoubtedly the parent of the culti- vated Endive, it is not fo clear which of the two is the plant celebrated by Horace as conftituting a part of his fimple diet, - — — me pafcunt Oliva Me Cichorea, levef([iie Malva. It is not unfrequently found wild with white flowers, and it has been difcovered that the fine blue colour of the petals is convertible into a brilliant red by the acid of Antsf; Mr. Miller the Engraver allured me, that in Germany the boys often amuled themfelves in producing this change of colour by placing the blofloms in an ant hill. Wild Succory is an ufeful detergent, aperient, and attenuating medicine; afting without much irritation, tending rather to cool than heat the body, and at the fame time corroborating the tone of the inteftines. The juice taken in large quantities fo as to keep up a diarrhea, and continued for fome weeks, has been found to pro- duce excellent effefts in fcorbutic and other chronical diforders* Lewis's Difp. p. 1 25. * D'Jfo Stirp. Arragon , p. 113. f Trag. ad Brunfels. II. p, 274. :■ ■ . " •• ■ • ' .W . " • ' . . • ■ ; -w ■ ; ;• . ' i: ».V: - ' * • • : '■> '-J • ■ !5Sld *i ■ ■ .) ■ - J U i , . . •• •’■W' ld*.> • • - • , . . . 1,1 ■ ■ ■■■■'. . . . ' . . :;a* ■ ■ t - . . . . 1 . . . ft * . ' 1! utCqtB . : - ■ .. j, - . I Bidens tripartita. Trifid Hemp-Agrimony. BIDENS Lin. Gm. Pl. Syngenesia Polygamia jEqj'alis. Rrccpl. paleaceum. Pappus ariftis ereSis fcabris. Cal. imbncatus. Cor. rarius fiofculo uno alterne radiante inftruitur. Rail Syn. Gen. 8i Herbje flore composito discoide seminibus pappo destitutis corymbifera dicta. BIDENS tripartita foliis trifidis, calycibus fubfoliofis feminibus eredis. Lin. Syjl. Vegetab. p. (no. Sp.Pl.nby. Fl.Succ. 283. Lappan. p. 234. BIDENS foliis petiolatis tribbatis et quinque lobatis ferratis floribus circumvallatis. Hahcr Hjjl. n. 121. BIDENS tripartita. Scop. FI. Carn. n. 1090. VERBESINA feu Cannabina aquatica flore minus pulchro, elatior et magis frequens. J. S. II. io;3- CANNABINA aquatica folio tripartito divifo. Bauh. pin. 321. EUPATORIUM cannabinum foemina, Ger. emac. jn. EUPATORIUM aquaticum duorum generum. Parkinf. p. 595. Raii Syn , p. 187. Water Hemp- Agrimony, with a divided Leaf. Hudfon. FI. Angl. cd. 2. p. 355. Light] oot FI. Scot. p. 461. RADIX annua, fimplex, fibrofa, fibris albidis. CAULIS pedalis ad tripedalem, eredus, ramofus (ramis oppofitis), teretiufculus, modice fulcatus, ru- bens, folidus, glaber, fcabriufculus. FOLIA oppofita, petiolata, connata, glabra, tripartita, aut etiam quinque partita, laciniis profunde ferratis, fuprema indivifa, dentato-ferrata, aut etiam integra, pilis haud infrequenter ciliata. FLORES lutei, terminales, fubnutantes. CALYX : Foliola plura, plerumque integra, lanceo- lata, ciliata, flores involucri inftar ambientia ; fquamie calycis communis ovato lanceolate, integre, lineis plurimis, nigricantibus, paral- lelis, piCtse, marginibus flavefcentibus. Jig. 1. COROLLULiE hermaphrodite, tubulofe, infundibuli- formes, lutee, ftriis quinque purpureis externe notate ; limbo quinquefido, fubereCto. jig. 2. STAMINA : Filamenta quinque capillaria ; An- ther a in tubum cylindricum coalite. Jig. 3. PISTILLUM : Germen fubcompreflum, angulatum. fuperne latius, ariftis tribus plerumque inftruc- tum, unica breviore ; Jig. 3. Stylus fimplex, longitudine flaminum ; Stigmata duo ob- longa, reflexa. Jig. 4, 5. SEMEN oblongum, compreflum, angulatum, fufcum, ariftis duabus feu tribus retrorfum fcabro ha- matis inftru&um. Jig. 6. RECEPTACULUM paleaceum, planum, paleis lan- ceolato-linearibus, lineatis, deciduis. Jig. 7. ROOT annual* Ample and fibrous, fibres whitilh. STALK from one to three feet high, upright, branched, (the branches oppofite), roundifh, moderately grooved, of a reddifh colour, folid, fmooth to appearance, but flightly rough to the touch. LEAVES oppofite, ftanding on footftalks, which unite at the bafe, fmooth, divided into three, and fometimes five fegments, which are deeply ferrated, the uppermoft leaves undivided, either indented at the edge, or entire, and not un- frequently edged with hairs. FLOWERS yellow, terminal, drooping a little. CALYX : feveral, fmall, lanceolate leaves, generally entire, but edged with hairs furrounding the flowers like an involucrum ; the fcales of the calyx common to all the florets are ovate and pointed, entire at the edge, and painted with numerous blackilh lines, the edges are yel- lowilh. Jig. 1. FLORETS hermaphrodite, tubular, funnel-fhaped, of a yellow colour, marked externally with three purplilh ftripes, the limb divided into five feg- ments, which are nearly upright. Jig. 2. STAMINA: five capillary Filaments; Anthera united into a cylindrical tube. Jig. 3. PISTILLUM : Germen flattifli, angular, broadefl: at top, generally furniftied with three awns, of which one is fhorter than the reft; Jig. 3. Style Ample, the length of the ftamina ; Stigmata two, oblong, turning back .Jig. 4,5. SEED oblong, flat, angular, brown, furniftied with two or three awns, which are hooked or barbed downward. Jig. 6. RECEPTACLE chaffy and flat, fcales or chaff, narrow, marked with lines and deciduous. Jig. 7. This fpecies of Bidens is much more common than the cernua , as that is generally found in the water, this more frequently occurs on the borders of ponds, rivulets, &c. where it flowers in the months of Auguft and September, at the clofe of which it ripens its feeds. It is obvioufly diftinguifhed from the cernua by having its leaves, for the mod part, divided into three feg- ments, whence its name ; this character is more to be depended on than the uprightnefs of its flowers, as they generally droop a little when the plant is in perfection. Linnaus, and other writers, recommend it as a plant that will dye both linen and woollen of a yellow colour, for this purpofe the yarn or flax muft be firft fteeped in allum-water, then dried and fteeped in a decoCtion of the plant, and afterwards boiled in the decoCtion. Haller. FUJI. Helv. p. 52. Iasione montana. Hairy Sheep’s-Scabious JASIONE Lm. Gem PI. Syngisnesia Monogamia. C“L c9mmuais lo-phyllM. Cor. Jipetalas regularis: Caff, infera; bilocularisi JASIONE montana. Lin. Syjl. Vegetal, p. 6661 Spec. PI. p. I3,7. pi. Suec. n: 782. RAPUNCULUS foliis linearibus fubafperis, fpica planinfcula, petalis liberis. Hatter Hifi. n. S;ii RAPUNCULUS fcabiofae capitulo catruleo. Baulin Pin. 92. RAPUNTIUM montanum capitatum ieptopbyllon; Col. Ecphr. 1. SCABIOSA globularis quam ovinam vocant J. B. III. 12. SCABIOSA minima hirfuta. Ger. emac. 723. Rampions with Scabious Heads.0 Raii Syn. p. 27S. Hudfon FI. Angl. ed. p. 226: t. 227. Hairy Sheep’s Scabious, or rather !< P’ 377* Fightfoot FI. Scot. p. 377; RADIX annua, lignofa* albida, fibrofa. CAULES pi ures, luberefti, fpithamafi, etiam pedales et ultra, rigiduh, ramofi* hirfuti. FOLIA plurima, feflilia, linearFlanceolata, obtufiuf- cula, undulata, hirfuta. FLORES capitati, cajrulei, fummitatibus ramorum in- fidentes. CALYX : P erianthium commune polyphyllum : foliolis alternis, interioribus anguftioribus, includens flores plurimos pedunculis breviffimis adnexos, perfiftens. Jig. 1. Perianthum proprium quinquefidum, fuperum, perfiftens. COROLLA propria pentapetala : Petalis lanceolatis, eredis, bafi connexis, jig. 2. STAMINA: Filamenta quinque, fubulata, brevia. Antherje quinque, oblonga;, bafi connexa:. M- 3* PISTILLUM : Germen fubrotundum, inferum. Sty- f lus filiformis, longitudine Corollas. Stigma t clavatum, purpureum, fig. 4, c. | PERICARPIUM : Capsula fubrotunda, quiuquangu- ? laris, coronata calyce proprio, bilocularis. SEMINA plura, fubovata. j o5?rT,annUal’ riSid> whitifti and fibrous, i STALKS feveral, nearly upright, about a fpan in length; but fometimes a foot or more, rather rigid r tr a T7T?obranched’ and befet with ^ort rough hairs. LbAVEb numerous, feflile, between linear and lanceo- ^ate> bluntilh, waved and hirfute; h LOWERS of a blue colour, growing in little heads on the tops Gf the branches. CALYX : the P erianthium common to all the florets com- pofed of many leaves, which are alternate, thofe of the inner-row narroweft, including numerous flowers fitting on very fhort foot- italkSj and permanent, fig. 1 . The Perianthium of each floret deeply divided into mDnr T"ve fegments above the germen, and permanent. COROLLA : each floret compofed of five lanceolate, o^AATT,vTUAPnrSht Petah’ connefted at the bafe. fig. 2. STAMINA: five tapering fhort Filaments; Anthers five, oblong, conhedled at the bafe. fig. 3. PISTILLUM: Germen roundifh, below the Corolla. Style filiform, the length of the corolla*. Stigma club-fhaped and purplifh. fig A - SEED-VESSEL: a roundilh CapsuL, hfltg’ L angles with two cavities, and crowned by the calyx proper to it. SEEDS numerous,' fomewhat ovate; ground, fandy It vanes much m fee, and is fometimes, though very rarely, found with white bloffoms. It flowers from June to Augufl. Linnxus remarkb, that Bees are particularly fond of its flowers. ' ■ ■ . • ■ ■ , • • . r f Ophrts spiralis. Ladies Traces. OPHRYS Lin. Gen . PL GynandriA DiandRIAi Nettarium fubtus fubcarinatum. Raii Syn. Gen . 21. Herb.® radice bulbosa PRaEbiT^i OPHRYS fpiralis bulbis aggregatis oblongis, catile fubfoliofo, floribus fecundis, nettarii labio indivifo crenato. Lin. Syji . Vegetal, p . 677. Sp. PL 1340. EPIPACTIS bulbis cylindricis*. fpica fpirali, labello crenulato. Haller. Hiff. n. 1294. SERAPIAS fpiralis. Scopoli F lor. Cam. n. 1125. ORCHIS fpiralis alba odorata. L B. II. 769. TRIORCHIS alba odorata minor, atque etiam major. Bauhin. Pin. 84. TRIORCHIS. Ger. emac. 218. Parkins. 1354 Raii Syn. v. 378. Triple Ladies Traces. Hudfon Fl. Angl. p. 388. RADIX fit uno, duobus, tribus, quatuorve bulbis, ob- longis, acuminatis, villofis. FOLIA radicalia quatuor, et ultra, fupra terram exp&hfa,’ ovata, acuta, hinc convexa, inde cava, lemun- i «iam lata, ad lentem punftata, obfolete ner-: wTa. SCAPUS fpithamaeus, foliofus, foliis vaginantibus, pu-j befcentibus, margine membranaceis. . FLORES ex albo-virefcentes, odorati, quindecim et: ultra, Jpiree modo dijpofiii. \ BR ACTAEA oblonga, acuminata, cava, villofa, germi- i nis cum dimidio floris longitudine, fig. 1 . ' PETALA quinque, alba, fubasqualia, villofula, tria fu- ■ periora fubcoadunata, reda, duo lateralia cari- j nata, lanceolata, fig. 2, 3.; labellum Nettani' obtufum, crenulatum, intus viridulum, conca-i vum,/#. 4. aud.y%. 5. i GERMEN feffile, ovatum, lineis duabus lateralibus ex- • tautibus notatum, fig. 6. ROOT confifts of one, two, three, or four oblong, pointed, villous bulbs. LEAVES next the root four, or more, fpread out on the ground, ovate, pointed, convex on one fide, and concave on the other, half an inch in breadth, dotted when magnified, and faintly ribbed. STALK fix or feven inches high, leafy, leaves fheathy, downy, and membranous at the edge. ; FLOWERS of a greenifh white colour, fragrant, fifteen • and more in number, Jpirally difpofed. : FLORAL- LEAF oblong, pointed, hollow, villous, of the length of the germen, and half the flower, ; 1 •' PETALS five, white, nearly equal, fomewhat villous, the three uppermoft very flightly conne&ed together, flraight, the two fide ones keeled and lanceolate, fig. 2, 3.; the lip of the Nettary blunt, finely notched, green within and hol- low, fig. 4. magnified, fig. 5. GERMEN feflile, ovate, marked with two protuberant fide lines, fig. 6. The Rev. Dr. Goodenough, of Ealing, kindly communicated to us this plant, having found it fparingly on Ilanwel Heath , near Ealing: though fcarcewith us, in many parts of England, efpecially the more northern it is not uncommon. It grows in paftures, both dry and moift, and does not particularly affedl a chalky foil. In the garden it grows more readily than moft of its tribe, and flowers later, its ufual month of blowing being September . The protuberant germina, placed regularly one above another, fomewhat referable plaited hair, whence, perhaps its name of Ladies traces. The flowers are fragrant, and, by the fpiral manner in which they grow form a curious fpecihc chara&er. ° ’ Baron Hali.er, who has taken infinite pains with the plants of this tribe, has not very happily expreffed this fpecies; bis artill appears to have had an unnatural lpecimen to copy from. 1 3 3 The Ladies Traces varies much in fize as well as in the number of its roots. V i Carex Riparia. Great or common Carex. CAREX Lin. Gen. PI. Monoecia Triandria. Masc. Amentum imbricatum. Cal. i. phyllus. Cor. o. Fem. Amentum imbricatum. Cal. i. phyllus. Cor. o. Nectar ium inflatum, 3. deptatum. Stigm. 3. Sem. Triquetrum, intra nedarium. Rail Synop. Gen. 28. Herba: graminifolije non culmifera: flore imperfecto seu sta- mineo. CAREX riparia Ipicis mafculis pluribus triquetris nigricantibus, acutis, fquamis ariftato acuminatis, cap- fulis fubinflatis, bicornibus. CAREX acuta fpicis mafculis pluribus, femineis fubpedunculatis, eredis, capfulis ovato-lanceolatis ariftato- acumiuatis furcatis. Hudfon FI. Angi. p. 413. CAREX fpicis mafculis ternis, femineis numerofis, eredis, breviffime petiolatis, capfulis bicornibus. Haller , hijt. n. 1404. et for fan 1398 et 1399. CAREX acuta. Light foot, FI. Scot. p. 56$. GRAMEN cyperoides cum paniculis nigris. J-B. 2. 494. Rail Hi/l. 1292. GRAMEN cyperoides latifolium fpica rufa live caule triangulo. Bauh. Pin. 6. GRAMEN cyperoides. Ger, emac. 1 2. GRAMEN cyperoides majus latifolium. Park. 1265. Rati Syn. 41 7. Great vernal Cyperus-grafs, CYPEROIDES aquaticum, maximum,, foliis vix unciam latis, caule exquifite triangulari, fpicis habi- tioribus, eredis, fquamis in ariftam longius produdis, capfulis oblongis, bifidis. Michel. Nov. •Gen. Tab. 32. Jig. 7. et 6. RADIX perennis, repens. f ROOT perennial and creeping. CULMUS in aquofis bi feu tripedalis, foliofus, nodofus, f STALK in wet fixations two or three feet high, leafy, ftriatus, triqueter, angulis acutis, alperis. | jointed, ftriated, the angles lharp and rough. •FOLIA femunciam lata, glauca, carinata, ad margines | LEA VES half an inch broad, glaucous, keeled, the keel carinamque alpera, vaginantia, vagina una cUm | as well as the edges rough, Iheathing the ftalk, inferiore parte folii pulchre reticulata. | the flieath, together wiih'the lower part of the f leaf, beautifully reticulated. SPICiE mafculzeet femineae diftinfl as, mafculee, plerumque, | SPIKES of the male and female diftind, thofe of the tres, ad quinque, eredas, nigricantes, trique- 1 trae, acuta?, congeftze, bradzeatae, iuprema biun- | ciali, inferioribus brevioribus inzequalibus, fe- 1 minea tot quot mafculze, ovato-acutze, peduncu- ¥ latze, plerumque eredze, aliquando etiam pen-| duke, fupremis feffilibus, androgynis. I male generally from three to five, upright, blackilh, three-cornered, pointed, cluttered and furnilhed with floral leaves, the uppermoft about two inches in length, the lowermoft Shorter and unequal ; female fpikes as numerous as thole of the male, ovate, pointed, ftanding on footftalks, generally upright, but fometimes pendulous, the uppermoft feffile and androgy- nous. Male Flower. ¥ Flos Masc. ¥ CALYX -.Squama plurima, imbricata;, lanceolatae, arifta- 1 CALYX : Scales numerous, imbricated, lanceolate, run- to-acuminatae, e nigro purpurafcentes. fig. 1. | ningout to a long beard-like point, of a’purp- I lifti black colour, 1. STAMINA: Filamenta tria, filiformia, alba;. An- | STAMINA: thre Filaments, thread-fhapcd and white ; thera: tenues, luteae, mucronatae, fig. 2, | Anther as flender,* yellow, and terminated by I a Ihort point, fig. 2. Flos. Fem. | Fem. Flower.' 'CALYX : Squama’ tit in mafc. infeme vero latiores et fu - | CALYX : Scales as in the male, but broader below, and perne magis luculenter ariftatae, arifta ferrulata. t more evidently bearded above, the awn finely Jig- 3 • I flawed or toothed, fig. 3. NECTARIUM germen continens, ovatum, glabrum, * NECTARY containing the germen, ovate, fmooth, with bicorne, fig. 4. aud. demum inflatum, acu-| two horns, fig. 4. magn. finally inflated, minatum, ftriatum, fufcum-.j^-. 6. magn.natur. J pointed, ftriated, and of a brown colour, fig. 6. I nat. fize. PISTILLUM: Germen parvum, ovatum, glabrum ; | PISTILLUM ; Germen fmall,. ovate, fmooth; Style Stylus filiformis, nudus, nedario paulo Ion- | filiform, naked, a little longer than the nedary ; gior ; Stigmata tria, yillol'a, alba, fubulata. Stigmata three, villous, white and tapering. fig 5 • aU(ft* I fig. 5 magnif. SEMEN unicum, triquetrum, intra Nedarium. fig. 7. | SEED Angle, three-cornered, inclofed in the Nedary mag. nat. | fig. 7. nat. fize. In a former number of this work we gave a figure and defcription of the Care. x pendula , one of the largeft, as well as moft diftind fpecies of this genus ; we here prefent our readers with three more of this numerous and 'difficult tribe. Our motive for publilhing them in the fame number is, that they may the more readily he compared together, and their feveral diftinguilhing charaders be more forcibly impreffed. In herborizing it is a pradice with me to endeavour at acquiring a perfed knowledge of every plant which occurs in all its poffible varieties ; the greater the difficulty I find in the attempt, the more minute is my enquiry. Thefe' inveftigations have^ to my great latisfadion often terminated in fome new difcovery, which has placed the plant in a more conlpicuous light than before ; fuch has been the happy refult in the prefent inftance. In palling through Bat- terj'ea meadows I had frequently noticed the three Carices here figured, which I was taught to conflder as the lame fpecies, varying only from particular circumftances, but fo great was the variation, that 1 never could perfedly recon- cile myfelf to the idea. I fliall here relate the feveral charaders which ftruck me firft, and gave me the idea of their being different. It was the pointed, triangular, black heads or male fpikes of the riparia, the bluntnefs not only of the . ■ - • . ; ...... • < • ■ - .jS Carex Acuta. Acute Carex. CAREX «*. fficis mafculis pluribus, obtufis ' L» Syji. Vegetal'. CAREX acuta fpicis mafculis pluribus, femmeis fifofeflillbus, capum p 706. Sp. I I. p. 1388 FI. Saec. n. 857. CAREX glauca Scuff nn Cam. n. .157 ? tr; laIj, fpim habitioribus, fquamis turris, obtuse CYPEROIDES barbus, louter,^ Michel Nov. Gen. p. 6z. *. 3- *■ GRAMEN cyperoides foliis caryophylleis vulgatiffimum. Rtu t ROOT perennial, and creeping. RADIX perennis, repens. .a, * STALK in wet fituations, two feet high, and upwards, CULMUS in aquofis, bipedalis et ultra, fohofus, nodofus, jointed, ftriated, three cornered, the n ■ «■■». Mnafoi* -in (Til lie ar.lltis. aiDeriS. U' J , , JJ 111 HMUUuai . . r ftriatus, triqueter, angulis acutis, aiperxs. FOLIA tres lineas lata, glauca, carinata, ad margines; carinamque afpera SPICAE lnalculae ct femineae diftin&ae, mafeula plerum- que tres, ereftae, remotiufculae, oblonga, ob- tulie, e purpureo-nigraS feu fulca:, fuprema lel- cunciali, inferioribus brevioribus, inaequalibus, braiSeatie, bradlea inferiore fpicis breviore : fe- minea duae, vel tres, longiores, et graciliores, pedunculatae, plerumque eredes, apicibus fepe malculis angles (harp, and rough. , LEAVES, three lines in breadth, glaucous, keeled, the edges and keel rough. SPIKES male and female, diftinft; male fpikes generally three, upright, at a little diftance from each other, oblong, obtufe, of a purplifti, black, or : brown colour, the uppermoft ,an inch and a half in length, the lower ones (horter and un- equal, furnifhed with floral leaves, of which the lowermoft is (horter than the fpikes ; Je- tnale fpikes two or three, longer and tenderer than the male, (landing on footftallcs, for the mod part upright, the tips frequently male. Male Flower. % l I Male f lower. Flos Masc. , t cpil F.S numerous, clofely imbricated, of an ovate SQUAMiE plurimse, arfte imbricat®, ovato-qblqng , j - ’0blon» Ihape, obtufe. of a brownilh purple co- tufa, e fcfco-pnrpurae, nervo medio virelcente. | ‘“Ihe midrib greeuilh, fig. I fig- «• . An ? STAMINA: Three Filaments, filiform, and white; STAMINA: Filamenta tna, filiformia, alba , AH-tblAMlNA^^ ^ ^ . 2. THERaE luteae, jig. 2. | , Female Flower. Flos Fem. denti- ! SCALES ovrte, and pointed, the upper part when mag- SQUAMAE ovato -acuminate, fupeme ad lentem denti I SC AU ^ fine teeth> h. 3. culls ciliatae, fig. 3- Mantato * NECTARY ovate' fmooth, the mouth mod commonly NECTARiUM ovatum, glabrum, ore fepius bidcntato. J « ^ teeth> ^ 4. fig 4- ■ npAnrinm ■ ♦ PISTILLUM : Gehmen fmall, within the neftary; PISTILLUM: Geemen parvum, !“ r. 1 Style a little longer than the neftary ; Stio- Stylus neftarto paulo longior. Stigmata ^ta thrce, fprcSdit,g, jig. 5. tna, patentia, fig. 5- *QPT?n three cornered, fin. 8. 9. contained within a SEMEN triquetrum, fg. S. 9. “aa™m t»d“iSEED three t eeth, fig.fi.q. tatuin .fig. 6. 7. f . , f , ..mnni:nn. fV,P male fpikes of the acuta, and the narrow leaves and (lender the fpikes themfelves, but of the (tales p , 8 ’ t Gf thafglaucous hue in the leaves, fo confpicuous in thofe appearance of the fpikes m the home their roots, and planted them in my of the two tormer ; imprefled with th g PF n-jj k t t^e fame appearances. I then attended more that they are three lpecies comrnon of the three is our riparia, which we have diftinguifhed by The large!! and perhaps the moft generally common or ^ ^ ^ .f ^ mUdle of a ditch or po„d, and if that name, from its being tod on tl g.^ of ^ bdn„ ;n this refpefl almoft equal to the Poa aquatica, and fuffered to encreafe will quickly P 1 ' P cree ;n„ r00tSi ejfliy makes its way through any moonlh ground, Typba Lit, film- alio’ ,b? n‘“” d themfelves Lid though much fealler in fuch fituations, its flriking charaflers "nd fPik“’ rfP“id'7 thE * °f tlW ale ones frequ^tly are equally diitintt. wnereitg 1 that may puzzle for a moment : as the male fpikes on become branched, which give . 7 d b t^ir pointed and angular appearance, fo the female fpikes when by having large, foiSewhat inflated, and pointed capfules, fl.ghtly bil Th' and the two other fpecies are fo confounded together, that to trace them through all the writer^ 1« S^written on the fubjeefr would be an endlefs talk, it will be fufficient therefore to have quoted a few which may be depended on. the breadth of ;ts leaves, to the Riparia and is found in f.tua- • The X M Ltd they very^ frequently grow together, and, from the great fimilarity of their foliage may tIOn rtrfttded’. when young, rite bluntnefs of its male fpikes and obtufenefs of their Squamse, fo as totally to eafily be eonfonnded, 7 » dilrmgui(hes it from the Riparia, and though there is frequently a tendency in want any kind of Aril • 7 the ancles are always very obtufe, to which we may add that the colour of rhefe ipikes ^ foS Is much brighter, Ld foLrimes’a fpike is found petfeSly brilliant; the ft. them before the Anthe ^ ml. are fewe,. in number, as well as fmaller; nor have they that tendency to K3 fdulousawffich thofe of the Riparia frequently have, the Capfules when ripe are alfo much fmaller, more nu- be pendulous wtacht bw P £m]lar to thofc 0f the gracilis-, we may further remark, that while the merous, md ttc '1 y ® the bnrfting forth of the Antherae are invariably obtufe, thofe of the female fpikes in its Irong fete may eafily be miftaken for, he Riparia, m its weak fete it approaches very near the recurva, which alio is a fpecies perfeflly diftmft. If Carex Gracilis. Slender Spiked Carex. CAREX gracilis fpicis mafculis et femineis pluribus, fubfiliformibus, floribus digynis. CAREX nigra verna vulgaris. Lia. Fl. Lap. 330.? CY PER Ol DES anguftifolium, caule exquifite triangulari, afpero, fpicis floriferis praelongis, tenuioribus, feminalibus autem fpicis biuncialibus, et habitioribus, erectis, (quamis brevibus acutis, caplulis fpadiceo viridibus, rhomboideis,' fubtriquetris. Micheli Nov. Gei. . p 00. 11. 40. GRAMEN cyperoides majus anguftifolium. Park, 1265. Raii /rjl. 1293. Syn. p. 417. n. 2. Great narrow, leaved vernal Cyperus-grafs. RADIX perennis, repens. t ROOT perennial and creeping. CULMUS in aquofis bi feu tripedalis, in pratis humilior, | STALK, in watery fituations two or three feet high, in foliofus, nodolus, triqueter, angulis acutis, af- ? meadows not fo tall, leafy, jointed, three cor- perrimis. | nered, the angles fliarp and very rough to tiie ¥ touch FOLIA rad'Calia longa, viridia, vix glauca, lineas duas | LEAVES from the root long, of a green colour, fcarcely lata, ad margines et carinam afpera, vaginaiuis, f glaucous, two lines in breadth, on the edges b' aSta-alia linearrr cum dimidia lata, inferiore | and midrib rough, fheathing the ftalk, b acteal (florente planta) lpicis longiore. | leaves a line and a half in breadth, the Iower- % moll, while the plant is in flower, longer than I the fpikes. S PIC YE mafcul® et femine® diftind®, mafcul® plerum- % SPIKES, both male and female, growing diftindly, the que tres, e fufco nigricantes, graciles, obfolete | male generally three in number, of a brovvniih triquetrae, nutantes, terminalis bi uncialis, in- $ black colour, {lender, faintly three cornered, ferior duplo aut triplo brevior,, infima l®pius| androgyna, longior, femine® tres aut quatuor, | teretes, graciles, longitudine malculi terminalis, | leftlles feu breviter pedunculat®, (uberedi, ni- 1 gricautes. f f drooping, the terminal lpike about two inches in length, the next below twice or thrice as lhort, the lowermoft for the mod part andro- gynous and longer, female three or four, round, (lender, length of the terminal male fpike, feffile or {landing on fhort footftalks, nearly upright and blackifh. Mas. I Male. SQUAMYE ovato-acut®, arde imbricat®, carinat®, e | SCALES ovate, pointed, lying clofely one over another, purpureo nigricantes, carina, fub viridi, fig,. i.| keeled, of purplifh black colour, the keel aud. I greenilh, fig. 1. magnif. STAMINA: Filamenta tria, capillaria, alba; An- ¥ STAMINA: three Filaments (lender and white; therje lineares, flav®, fig. 2. X Anther®, linear and yellow, Jig. 2. Fem. I SQUAM.E mafc. fimiles, magis vero oblong® ac ob- 1 SCALES as in the male, but more oblong and blunter, tufae. 3. ? fig- 3- . NECTAR1UM oblongum, glabrum, ore integro ;¥ NECTARY, oblong, fmooth, the mouth entire ; Ger- Germen minimum ; Stylus nedario longior; J men very lmall ; Style longer than the Nec- Stigmata duo, villofa, fig. 4. 5. f tary ; Stigmata, two, villous, fig. 4. 5. SEMEN triquetrum, minimum, intra nedarium.7%. 6. |SEED, three-cornered, very minute, within the nedary, l fa 6. If the feafon be mild, this plant and the Riparia flower in April, and ripen their feeds in June and July. The gracilis, though a flenderer plant both in ftalks, leaves, and fpikes is equal in height where it grows in fi- niilar fituations to cither of the other two, but as this has a greater tendency at leafl in Batterfea Meadows to grow among the herbage, it is frequently found (horter, and fometimes large patches of its foliage are vifible without any flowering {pikes. This fpecies is diftinguiftied from the other two, not only by having narrower leaves, which want the glaucous colour of the other two, and flenderer fpikes, which in their young ftate are remarkably pendulous, fo as at firft fight to give this plant an appearance of the Carex pendula, but the female flowers are conftantly and invariably di- gynous. My moft obliging friend Dr. ‘Goode nought, to whom 1 had communicated my thoughts on this lubjed, examining thefe plants with his ufual accuracy, anticipated me in the diicovery of this moft important, moft necef- iary charader; a charader which in a moment decidedly diftinguiflies betwixt two plants, which without it would for ever have been liable to be confounded. We fhould have been inclined to fuppofe that our gracilis was the acuta of Linnjeus, had he not quoted Micheli’s figure, to which he adds the epithet bona, that figure is a tolerable reprefentation of our acuta, but the fpikes are far too thick for thole of the gracilis. This fpecies, which is equally common with the two others, flowers a week or two later. Agriculturally confidered, it is perhaps doubtful, whether we are to rank the Carices with the ufeful or the noxious plants ; from what we have hitherto obferved, we fliould rather clafs them with the latter, not but we think the Junci, Scirpi, &c. infinitely more injurious, yet ftill they occupy the room of better grades ; their principal merit is, that they afford- early pafturage, yet their foliage is harlh and rough, and produdive of indifferent hay ; and fuch is the opinion of Linnaeus, who, in his Flora Lappon, remarks that the Hulbandman is not fond of fuch meadows as are overrun with Carices, as they afford bad fodder and unprofitable pafturage “ nec pinguefcat bos carice pajhis acuta ; unfortunately, however, when the p refen t fpecies, or fuch as have fimilar creeping roots, have once go: pof- fefliou of the foil, they are the moft difficult plants poflible to eradicate. As articles of rural ceConomy, they are in many inftances highly ufeful ; in Hampfhire, Surry, and perhaps other hop counties, the leaves of thefe three fpecies are ufed indifcriminately under the name of Sedge, i or tying the young hop plants to the poles. Micheli informs us, that in Italy they are ufed to cover their wine flafks, to make the common fort of chair bottoms, and that the Coopers in making tubs. See. place them betwixt the (laves to make them water-tight : to the comfort of the Laplander, they contribute in a high degree by defending him from the fe- & ’ verity verity of the weather; this is fo particularly defcribed by Likn^us in his Flor. Lappon. that we lhall tranflate it for i'uch of our readers as may not have an opportunity of confulting the original, now become very fcarce. “ Thou wilt wonder, perhaps, curious reader, in what manner human beings are capable of preferving life during “ the intenfe feverity of a winter’s froft in Lapland, a part of the world deferted on the approach of winter by almolt * 1 every kind of bird and beaft. “ The inhabitants of this inhofpitable climate are obliged to wander with their Rhendeer flocks continually in the woods ; not only in the day-time, but through the longeft winter nights, their cattle are never houfed, nor do they “ eat any other food than Liverwort, hence the herdfmen ; to fecure them from wild beafts, and other accidents, are “ of neceffity kept perpetually with them. The darknefs of their nights is in a great degree overcome and rendered “ more tolerable by the light of the ftars reflected from the fnow, and the Aurora Borealis, which in a thoufand fan- ‘‘ taftic forms nightly illumines their hemifphere. The cold is intenfe, fufficient to frighten and drive us foreigners “ from their happy woods. No part of our bodies are fo liable to be deftroyed by cold as the extremities, which “ are fituated farthefl: from the heart; the chilblains of the hands and feet, fo frequent with us in Sweden, fufficiently “ indicate this. In no part of Lapland do we find the inhabitants affe&ed with chilblains, though in refpecl to “ country one would expedt them to be peculiarly fubjedl to this difeafe, elpecially as they wear no ftockings, while “ we cloath ourfelves in one, two, and even three pair. “ A Laplander preferves himfelf from the violence of cold in the following manner; he wears breeches, or rather “ trawlers, made of the rough lkin of the Rhendeer, which reach to his ankles, and Ihoes made of the fame ma- terial, the hair turned outward ; thisgrafs, cut down in the fummer, dried, rubbed betwixt the hands, and after- “ wards combed or carded', he puts into his Ihoes, fo as not only wholly to enwrap his feet, but the lower part of “ his legs alio, which, thus defended, never fuffer from the fevereft cold; with this grafs he alfo fills his hairy “ gloves to preferve his hands, and thus are thofe hardy people enabled to bear the froft. * As this grafs in the winter drives away cold, fo in the fummer it checks the perfpiration of the feet, and pre- “ ferves them from being injured by Hones, &c. in travelling, for their Ihoes are extremely thin, being made of un- “ tanned Ikins It is difficult to learn, on enquiry, what the particular fpecies of grafs is which is thus in requefl: “ with thefe people, as ’ome ufe one fort, fome another. It is, however, always fome fpecies of Carex, and we “ underftood chiefly this.” It is no lefs difficult to underftand what fpecies Linweus himfelf means : he quotes Morifon's figure, which is our jylvatica ; yet, fays that theCarex grows in paludibus limo phnis, which that plant never does with us, it is moll likely, in our opinion, to be one or all of the three common ipecies here figured. Parietaria officinalis. Pellitory of the Wall. PARIETARIA Lin. Gen. PI. Polygamia Monoecia. HermaPhrod. Cal. 4-fidus. Cor. o. Stamina 4. Sty!, r. Sem. 1. fuperum, elongatum. Fem. Cal. 4-fidus. Cor. o. St am. o. Stylus 1. Sem. u fuperum, elongatum. Ran Syn. Gen. 5. Hereae flore imperfecto seu stamineo vel apetalo potius. PARIE I ARIA officinalis foliis lanceolato-ovatis, pedunculis dichotomis, calycibus diphvllis. Lin Svfl Veget ab. p. 763. Sp. P/. p. 1492. ' ' PARIETARIA foliis elliptico- lanceolatis, hirfutis. Baller. Hijl. p. 162. PARIETARIA officinalis. Scopoli FI. Carn. n. 1242. 1 ARIETARIA officinarum et Diolcoridis. Bauh. pin. 121. HELXINE Camerar. Epii. p. 849. PARIETARIA Ger. emec. 33r. vulgaris Parim/. 437. Ruii Syn. p, ,j °. Pefcry 0f the Wall Ligbt/ool FI. Seat. p. 035. Hudfm FI. Angi. ed. 2. p. 442. Order FI. Vim. 1. 521. RADIX perennis, fublignofa, rubens, fibrofa. | ROOT perennial, fomewhat woody, of a red colour, and CAUDES plures, fuberefti, dodrantales, pedales et ul- f STALKS feveral, nearly upright, from nine inches to a tra ramotiffimi, teretes, ftriati, folidi, rubentes, | f0„, „r’more in height touched pubelcentes ; ram cauh fimiles, alterni, diffufj. | round, floated, foiid, reddifh, and downy | FDT Ta olhppno t branches like the flalks, alternate and fnreadiiif FOLIA val erna, pet.olata, ovata, acuta utrmque atte- f LEAVES alternate, fending on foot-felkl ova"e nuata, integerumn, patentia, ad margines et nointed. tane.rino- m«-orrlc —t- ’ » m-um, miuujuc atre- y nuata, integerrima, patentia, ad margines et venas flibtus praecipue pubefeentia, fupra fatu- * rate viridia, lucida, fubrugola, puudlis promi- nulis adfperfa. PETIOLI longitudine fere diametri foliorum, pubef- centes, lupra canaliculati. FLORES parvi, herbacei, hirfuti, feffiles, in axillis fo- liorum conglomerati, hermaphroditi et feminei. Hermaphroditi Flores duo continentur involucro hep- ta phyllo, perfiAente, foliolis ovatis, acutis pla- nis, hirfutis, hirlutie glandulofa. Jig. CALYX : Perianthium monophyllum, quadrifidum, planum, perfiftens. Jig. 9. COROLLA nulla, nifi calcyem dicas. STAMINA : Filamenta quatuor, alba, tranfverfim rugofa, inflante anthefi elallice refilientia, caly- cemque expandentia ; Antheras ovata;, ob- tufae, didymte; Pollen album. Jig. 4. PISTILLUM : Germen ovatum, viride, nitidum, nu- dum ; Stylus filiformis; Stigma penicil- liforme, capitatum, ruberrimum. Jig. 6. pointed, tapering towards each extremity, en- tire at the edge, fpreading, particularly downy at the edge and on the veins of the under-fide, on the upper-fide of a deep green colour, Ihi- ning, lomewhat wrinkled, and covered over with fmall prominent points. LEAF-STALKS nearly the length of the diameter of the' leaves, downy, hollowed above. FLOWERS fmall, of a greenilh colour, rough, feffile, growing in clullers in the ate of the leaves’ hermaphrodite and female. Two Hermaphrodite Flowers are contained in an in- volucrum compofed of feven leaves, and per- manent, the leaves ovate, pointed, flat, hirlute, the hairs glandular at the extremities. fi- - $ ? ^ ,i , c , , apiiroGires, liicioicct y* /,o. X III the quadr.fid calyx, which is but flightly altered. JS’ 7’ The- t * ] the flowers of tire Parietaria are fo f, trail, and fo difficult to inveftigate, being- deicribed differently by different botanifts; LinnxEUSs defcuption, in ’ with our observations, Ins therefore we have adopted with fome tew alterations. VVefind only two forts of flowers on this plant, viz. hermaphrodite and female • °f "0VoT SK«rf' « trS^t" vfj; ^middle one, which is Stgeft a Jmoft “ffi fcnous. ,0 the female. If we take a view of the fame bloffoms juft elaftic filaments by their fudden expanfioa flatter the fertilizing duft of the anther*, the ftylts and lligma.a ot the hermaphrodite flowers vilrble before, will often b.e found wanting, and the germen left naked in the center of the flower at this period of the blofloming, the fegments of the calyx in the fame flowers are nearly o the fame lenath as the filaments the ftyle and ftigma of the female bloffom remain perfeft, with its germen clofely fu - rounded by a gieen hairy cllyx, which never expands: the blofloming period being now over, a conhderable alteration takes6 place in the calyx of tile hermaphrodite flowers, each is confiderably elongated becomes more tubular affumesPa redder colour, has its tips prefled down, and foot! drops out of the : involucrum, in which it leaves no appearance of a feed ; hence I was ready to conclude that thefe flowers, the imperfe&on of vvhofe piftilla at aP certain age had before been noticed, were certainly barren, but on opening them I found in lie C of each a feed ferfeaiy fimilar to that produced by, and ...clofed in the calyx of the r wh ch does not enlarge as the other does, but partaking more of the nature of a capfule, on preffu.e, divides at top into four parts, and contains a blackiffi fhining ieed. It may feem a little extraordinary, that the imperfeffl hermaphrodite flowers of this plant fhould produce per- fca feed ; but we fhould coulider that they are pel-fed at firft, and that there always is a number of Anther* be- longing to flowers farther advanced burfting near them, from whofe pollen they may probably be impregnated. Scopoli deferibes male flowers on this plant, having a feffile, fhining, oblong, and pointed Nectary ; ft rely he muft confider the imperfea germeu in the hermaphrodite flowers as a Nefiarium, otherwife lie fees farther than any of his contemporaries. The curious manner in which thefe flowers fhed their Pollen, or fertilizing duft, is known to mod botanifts, but may be new to fome of our readers ; each filament has a peculiarity of ftrlidure which renders it highly elaftic there are four of them in number, on their firft appearance they all bend inward ; as foon as the pollen is arrived at a proper ftate to be difeharged, the warmth of the fun, or the lead: touch from the point of a pin, will make them inftantly fly back with a degree of force, and difeharge a little cloud of duft. This ptocefs is belt feen in a morning, when the fun ihines hot on the plant, in July and Auguft ; if the plant be large, numbeis will be feen exploding at the fame inftant. The Parietaria, which takes its name from its place of growth, is frequently found on walls, and among rub- bi(h el pecul ly on the walls adjoining the Thames, both above and below Weftminfter-bndge, it is not a native of Sweden or the more northern countries ; this autumn the fame degree of cold (viz. about 31 of Fahrenheit s thermometer) which ftripped the mulberry of moll of its leaves, deftroyed the greateft part of its herbage. Mr. Philip Miller ( vide Dicl. ed. 6. \io.) aflerts that the Parietaria which grows wild in England is the Pellitory with a Bafil leaf. Parietaria Ocymi folio Bauh. Pin. Parietaria judaica Lin. and that the officinalis Lin. which he fays grows naturally in Germany and Holland, was not in England till the year 1727, when he firft introduced it ; in this opinion Mr. Miller ftands alone, and there is the greateft realon to luppofe that he is deceived, and the more fo, as the remainder of his account, in which he fays that “ the feeds are difficult to col- et left, as they are thrown out of their covers as foon as they are ripe with an elafticity ” Ihows extreme inat- tention. As a medicinal plant more virtues appear to have been attributed to the Parietaria than it deferves ; it has been ranked as an emollient, to which, in the opinion of Floyer and Cullen, it has no pretenfious, as a diuretic it was an ingredient in the nephritic decodion of the late Edinburgh Dhpenfatory, which is omitted in the preleut ; in this laft intention tne expreffed juice has been given in the dofe of three ounces. Mr. Sole, Apothecary of Bath, well known to the Botanic World, for his extenfive colledion of indigenous plants* informs me that he has obferved remarkably good effeds from the juice of this herb in droplical cafes, in which other diuretics had failed ; he converts the juice into a thin fyrup, and gives two table-fpoonfuls or more thrice a day. Monf. Tournefort, fpeaking of the Parietaria, fay?, “ Le firop de Parietaire foulage fort les hydropiques.” Hill, des Pl. de Paris. Aurelius Victor informs us, that Constantine beftowed on the Emperor Trajan the name of Parietaria, becaufe his ftatues and his inferiptions, like that herb, were found on all the walls of Rome. Le Meme. It is recommended to be laid on the corn in granaries, for the purpofe of driving away that deftrudive infed the Weevil. Bradley s Farm. Diredi. p. 122. «KAositrjd .n .v&kt\ a ; r.i ; - . " ’ ■' • ' "< •' - ;i n. ' : : ,-T " “■ 8 ,■ '■air- 1 ■ •" •' -H v>‘ . i ,-f j 3 •• • ‘-v ; ' • . ... !.■ . > - H ..V\ HI .£.\ * . .3 . • . ■ r:r* ' : • - V • -iiu . . rrj "t &: . • •; l* ;■ 'i V l-:’.. y I, f.*', ■ ' '!!■[ . ! l£ : ;.r ni ' • - . ‘ * - " ’ * • • ' ■- : -sjo :.:r> • til ■ : h • '• , ... . •' ; ■- •; -:r in,, ' !'-;;5UT*1 , .ibfcqs xtr jails, j- .i , ?]. . . as ■ • . • ' : Rati Syii, Grit. 4. Hsskbje capillares et affines. EQUISETUM itrvtn/e fcapo fruaificante undo ; fterili fkmdofo. Lin. Syft. Vtgitab. p. 457 1516. FI. Suec. 11. 928. EQUISETUM caule florigero nudo, fterili verticillato, radiorum duodecim. Haller. Hifi. n. EQUISETUM arvenfe. Scopoli FI. Carn. n. 1253. EQUISETUM arvenfe longioribus fetis. Baub. Pin. 16. Parkins. 1202. Rail Hifi. p. 130. Horfe-tail. EQUISETUM fegetale. Ger. em ac. 1x14. HIPPURIS mitior cum flore. Dod. Pempt. p. 73. EQUISETUM minus terreftre. L B. IIP 730. Hudfon. FI. Angi. ed. 2. p. 265. Lightfoot FI. Scot . p. 647. Sp. Pl. p. 676. Corn ROOT perennial, {lender, black, jointed, exceedingly creeping, with tufts of black fibres fpringing from the joints. STALKS producing the feeds fpringing up before the leaf-ftalks, and foon withering, the thicknels of a large wheat-ftraw, a handVbreadth or more in height, upright, naked, yellowifli, jointed ; joints from two to five, covered with membranous, ribbed {heaths, divided at top into numerous fegments or teeth. SEED-SPIKES terminal, oblong, obtufe, about an inch in length. CAPSULES, or feed-cafes, numerous, angular, upright, placed together round a partial receptacle, and covered with a yellowifti orbicular ftiield, fig. 1. finally opening inwardly, and throwing out a greenifh powder, fig. 2. 3. magnified, fig. 4. STALK a foot or more in height, in open fituations oblique, ftriated, rough ifti, jointed. The Sheaths numerous and toothed. LEAVES whirled, about eight in each whirl, Ample, and like the ftalk. RADIX perennis, gracilis, nigra, articulata, infigniter reptans, fibris nigricantibus e geniculis exortis capillata. SCAPI feminiteri ante caules frondofos prodeuntes, et cito marcefcentes, cralfitie culmi triticei ma- joris, palmares aut dodrantales, eretfti, nudi, lutelcentes, geniculati, geniculis 2. 3. 5. vagi- nis multifidis, nervofis, membranaceis, cir- cumveftiti. SPICAE feminiferx terminales, oblongae, obtufic, un- ciales. CAPSULrE feu thecae feminiferre plurimae, angulatae, ere£be, circa receptaculum proprium collocatur, et fcuto orbiculato lutefeente te£he, fig. 1. de- mum introrfum dehilcentes et pulverem viref- centem effundentes, fig. 2. 3. au6i. fig. 4. ^ CAULIS pedalis et ultra, in apricis obliquus, ftriatus, lcabriufculus, geniculatus. Vagina: numerofas, denticulatae. FOLIA verticillata, oifto circiter in fingulo verticillo, fimplices, cauli fnnplices. Experiment and ohfervation', which have difeovered perfect feeds, if not real Stamina and Piftilla, in fome of the plants of this hidden clafs, have hitherto failed in afeertaining what the powder is, which is contained in fuch abundance in the fpikes of the Horfe-tail, different Botanifts differing widely in their opinions concerning it. LiNNiEus and Scopoli conlider it as the true feed of the plant : Haller and Adanson as the male duft ; and fo ftronpiv was the laft mentioned author of this opinion, that he removed it from the cryptogamous plants, and placed it with the family of the pines, from which, however, as Scopoli very judicioufly oblerves, it differs toto ccelo. We fat down to examine the fructification of this plant, in full expectation of finding Pollen not Seed contained in its cells. We conceived, a priori , that a fubftance fo delicately formed, and fo rapid in its growth, could fcarcely produce capfules with ripe feeds ; but we role from our examination in the full belief of the powders being the real feed, fo far as we could judge from its ftrudure and ceconomy : actual vegetation muft however be proved, before we can arrive at certainty in this matter. If a little of the powder be ihaken out of the fpike on a piece of white paper, a moderate magnifier difeovers a motion in it, el'pecially if it be breathed on. A fimilar motion is obferved in the capfules of the Ferns when they throw out their feeds ; and in the fine powder contained in the heads of the Jungermannia, if we apply a very confiderable magnifier to this powder, we find its motion arife from a very different principle from that which actuated the two former. Here every particle of the powder has three or four, very rarely five, fine, pellucid threads, which are club-Ihaped at the extremity. Thefe threads are elaftic, and, by varioufly extending and curling themfelv.es up, occafion the motion which is fo perceptible. Monf. Adanson, who has minutely deferibed this iced as pollen, compares the appearance it fometimes aflumes to a fpider with its legs ftretched out. Although thefe motions, which are extremely lingular and diverting, are plainly been with a good magnifier, we never could di (cover the bodv of the feed to make any fort of explofion as Pollen would, under fimilar circumftances of expofure. The proper time to examine this curious phenomenon is in April, when the plant produces its fpikes. The medicinal virtues of the Equiletuni are too problematical to deferve notice. Writers on the Materia Medica rank it with the aftringents. The Farmer is deeply interefted in a knowledge of this plant, as it is not only one of the rnoft troublefome and difficult weeds to extirpate that we are acquainted with, but noxious even to cattle, efpeciallv kine. Haller relates a particular cafe in which it proved fatal to a young heifer, by bringing on an incurable Diarrhcea. Many parts of BatterJ'ea Fields exhibit this plant in perfection. It fometimes is found in meadow's and under hedges ; and, according to its fituation, like all other plants, aflumes a variety of appearances. Br YUM BARBATUM Bearded Bryum. BRYUM Lin. Gen. PL Cryptogamia Musci. Anthera operculati. Calyptra laevis. Filamentum e tuborculo terminali ortum. Rail Syn. Gen. i. Musci. BRYUM barbatum antheris eredis oblongis barbatis, operculo acuminato obliquo, pedunculis lateralibus. BRYUM unguiculatum et barbatum tenuius et Rellatum. Dillen. Mufic. tab. 48. fig. 48. Small ftar- topped, clawed, and bearded Heads. DENSISSIMIS casfpitibus modo Bryi purpurei ad muros et aggeres nafeitur. Jig. 1 . CAULICULI i'emunciales aut paulo plus, ramofi, eredi, foliofi. Jig . 2, 3. FOLIA e luteo-viridia, denfa, lanceolata, acuta, infe- rioribus fuberedis, fupremis patentibus. Jig. 4. aud. PEDUNCULI femunciales et ultra, ex imo feu ex medio nunquam e fummitate furculi enati, fingu lares vel plures ex eodem furculo, rubentes, nitidi, flexuofi, bulbillo oblongo nudo fuperne rubro praediti. Jig . 5. CAPSULiE fuberedae, tenues, oblongae, acuminatae, oli- vaceae, nitidae. Jig. 6. Calyptra longa, acu- minata, parum obliqua. Jig. 7. Operculum longum, tenue. Jig. 8. Cilia aurantiacae, feu coccineae fpirae modo contortae. Jig. 9. ¥ FORMS a thick turf on walls and banks, in the manner of the Bryum purpureum. Jig. 1. STALKS half an inch or fomewhat more in height, branched, upright, and leafy. Jig. 2, 3. ¥ LEAVES of a yellowilh- green colour, growing thick I together, lanceolate, pointed, the lowermoft I nearly upright, the uppermoft fpreading ; Jig. .1 4. magnified. PEDUNCLES half an inch or more in length, pro- ceeding from the bottom or middle, but never I from the top of the furculus, one or feveral ¥ from the fame furculus, red, fhining, crooked, I furnifhed at bottom with a naked oblong bulb, ¥ red at top. Jig. 5. I CAPSULES nearly upright, {lender, oblong, pointed, ¥ of an olive colour, and fhining. Jig. 6. Calyp- 1 tra long, pointed, a little oblique. Jig. 7. Operculum long, and Render, fig. 8. Cilia orange-coloured or fcarlet, twifted in the form of a ferew. fig. 9. The mofs here reprefented is undoubtedly the Bryum figured by Dillenius, in his forty-fifth plate, forty-eighth figure. Neither Linnaeus nor Mr. Hudson make mention of it. We are convinced^ however, from repeated obfervations, that it is a fpecies perfectly diftin£t. It approaches very near to the Bryum imberbe and unguiculatum . From the former it differs in having the Antherae or Capfules terminated by long twifted ciliae, and in having the peduncles always proceeding from the bafe of the furculus : this laft character alfo ftrikingly diftinguifhes it from the unguiculatum. It is not unfrequent about London , efpecially in the environs of Charlton , on walls, and barren hilly ground, with the Bryum purpureum and cafpititium , and produces its fructifications in December , January , and February. Phascum acaulon. Common Phaschm. PHASCUM Lin. Gen. PL Cryptogamia Musci. Calyptra minima. Operculum nullum. Kan Syn. Gen. 3. Musci. PHAqrUM “thera,rf'U Sp.PI.li70. FI. Suec. 960. 1 ufp' a um caulefcens, foliis ovatis cufpidatis patulis: terminalibus eredis connivcntibus. ochreber. de Phafco. t. i. f. i, 2. cnSsSJH™ acaulon foliis ovatoJanceolatis, pilo ariftatis. Haller, llltl. 1,26. bPHAGNUM acaulon bulbiforme majus. Dill. Mufc. 351. t. 32. f. 11. Rail Syn. 105. Lightfoot FI. Scot, p.695. Hudjbn FI. Angl. p. 466. 0«*r fiDa». t. 3+0. Y. 1. Phascum subula tum. Hea th Phascum. PHASCUM &bul.-«um acaule, anthera feffili, foliis fubulato-fetaceis patulis. Lin. Syjt. Vegetab. p. 794. ca“lrfccns. foliis lanceolato-linearibus patulis. Scireicr dc Phafco. p. 80. SPHAGNUM acaulon trichodes. Haller. Hift. n. ,727. Dillcn. Hi/1. Mufc. 1 jj. t. 33. f. 10. Older iv. £1«)/. t. 349. Lightfoot FI. Scot. p. 693. Hudfon. Ft. Angl. p. 466. ILLENIUS, who drew the figures of his incomparable work on moffes, without ufing glaflesofany confiderably magtufyang power, or, perhaps, without attending fo much to the minutia: of the parts of frufti'fication as the practice is at prelent, defcnbed thefe plants as having no Calyptra , and united them with the genus Sphagnum. L KH us .afterwards, made a thftmft genus of them, but without correffing the error of his predeceflor. The following IS the defcriptiou of the genus Phafcum, which he gives in th 6th edition of the Genera Plantarum. Mafic ulus flos fubfeffilis vel brevi pedunculo. Cal. Calyptra nulla. Anthera ovalis ore ciliato, teda operculo acuminato. Recept. Apophyjis nulla. Femineus flos. • Several Botaniits afterwards deferibhig and delineating the calyptra , Linnveus, in the 1 qth edition of his Sv/lema JNatui ee, publilhed by Murray under the title of Syjlema Vegetabilium , alters it thus : Anthera operculata : ore ciliata. Calyptra caduca, minuta. ,, TvS fmerpA d.efcriP!i°n' th"s Altered, is adopted by Mr. Hudson, without any remarks on its inapplicability to the Engliih Phafca He fhould have informed us, that, however well the charafter might accord with any foreien Phalcum, the Engl, Jh ones, at leal! both thefe here figured, which are the moft: common, have neither Operculum nor Ultra. Of this we are fully convinced from repeated examination ; and have the pleafure of having our experiments confirmed by the accurate and ingenious Schreber, who, in his moft excellent Monographia, Obfer- vatmnes de Phafco, has the following paffages : “ Suturam, qua plerorumque mufeorum vafcula infra apicem, ubi demde operculum abfcedit, cinguntur, in nulla hujus generis fpecie obfervare potui. Operculum enim Phafcis m umverium omnibus deeft, et vafculum undique in extremum apicem ufque clauditur, fine ullius determinata: “ quSermtur ”S1°’ q”amobrem comPreffijm utcumque rumpi folet. Cilia igitur in quocumque Phafco fruftra Again, {peaking of the Capfule, he fays: “ Pedlen in ea nullus adeft nec ullam aperturae cujufdam determinata: aut foraminis, emifliom contentorum infervientis, veffigium reperire unquam potui. Non enim fponte aperitur, fed integra perfilht ; donec maxima foliorum pars putruerit, quod in Ph. pilifero fmpius obfervavi, aut e foliis “ apertis Integra elabitur. r This fiiwulardaficiency then, both of the Operculum and Cilia:, forms, in our opinion, the beft criterion by which to dilhnguilh this genus of plants, and we have altered the generic charafter accordingly. PHASCUM ACAULON. PHASCUM SUBULATUM. THERE is no mofs more common on the moift banks I THE Phafcum fabulatum is not fo frequently met with about London than the Phafcum acaulon ; but as ^ as the acaulon , yet is not uncommon on heaths it exhibits no appearance of fructification till | in the fand pits about Charlton. , and on dry in an advanced ftate, and then only to the| banks in a variety of places, They are both inqmiitive obferver, it generally pafles unno-| found in fructification from December to Ja- ticed. Mr. Lightfoot gives a ftort, but very | nuary. expreffive, defcriptiou of it, as follows : “ The fin this fpecies the capfule, though fmaller, is much “ leaves, when young, connive together, in| “ the form of a fmall oval bulb, about one- 1 “ fixth of an inch long, and hide the caplule, ¥ “ which is oval and orange-coloured at firft, but | “ when ripe fufeous and fliining, and about the f “ fize of a millet feed.” We have reprefented| the plant at jig. i. as it ufually grows on they ground \fig. 2, 3. detached plants of their natural | lize ; Jig. 4. a plant magnified ; fig. 5. a fingle leaf | magnified ; fig. 6. the anthera or capfule mag- 1 nified ; jig. 7. the calyptra alfo magnified. | 1 more diftindtly leen, and its calyptra is vifible even to the naked eye. Like the other, it varies much in fize, as alfo in the length, of its pe- duncle. Mr. lightfoot confiders it as the leaft of our Englijh plants ; but Mr. dickson, of Covent-Garden , who may juftly be called maximus in minimis , has difeovered a Phafcum, the ferratum of Schreber, which is certainly tea times fmaller. Fig. 1. reprefentsthe fubu- latum as it ufually grows ; jig. 2, 3. detached plants ; fig. 4. a plant magnified ; jig. 5. a fin- gle leaf magnified ; jig. 6. the capfule ; jig. 7. the calyptra magnified. ' .V-. . JUNGERMANNIA COMPLANATA. FLAT JuNGER- M ANNI A. JUNGERMANNIA. Lin. Gen. PI. Cryptogamia Algje. Masc. pedunculatus, nudus. Anthera quadrivalvis. F^em. feflilis, nudus, feminibus fubrotundis. Rail Syn. Gen. 18. Musci. JUNGERMANNIA complanata furculis repentibus, foliolis inferne auriculatis, duplicato-imbricatis, ramis aqualibus. Lin. Syjl. Vegetab. p. 803. Sp. Pl. p. 1599. FI. Suec. 1041 Wets. Cryptog. p. 124. JUNGERMANNIA foliis rotundis alterne imbricatis, caule plano multifloro, fetis breviflimis. Haller Hijl. n. i860. JUNGERMANNIA complanata : forculo reptante, foliis fubrotundis ferie duplici ordinatis, fubtus appendiculatis ; vaginis ramorum plano-truncatis. Necker. Meth. Mufc. p. 142. LICHENASTRUM imbricatum majus fquamis compreffis et planis. Dillen. Mufc. 496. t. 72./ 26. JUNGERMANNIA foliis circinatis imbricatim difpofitis ex viridi flavefcentibus. Michel. Gen. 7. /. $.f 21. UCHENASTRUM imbricatum majus. Rail Syn. in. Huijon. FI. Angi. p. JI4. LightfootFl. Scot. Defcriptio ex W E I S. SURCULIS varis longitudinis, ab unciali ad biuncialem longitudinem, planis, inordinate ramofis, ad cortices arborum, latis colpitibus repit. FOLIOLA denfe imbricata, alterna, rotunda, fubpellu- cida, plana, furculi nervum fuperne tegunt; inferne nervo adherent parvo, rotundo "fqua- mulse. Color pallide e luteo viridis: Recens mollis ta&u eft, aqua madida tota flaccefcit. Ad extremitates, et paflirn ad exortum ramo- lorum prodeunt thecce plano, fquamis duplo? vel triplo longiores, dilute virides, truncato,! e quibus feta breves, lineam non excedentes? emergunt, tenuiflimo, cum parvis nigris capi- 1 tulis, in fufcas lacinulas pilofas diffilientes. f Fig. 1. Planta magn. nat. Fig. 2. Pars ejufdem lente au&a. Fig. 3. Pars ejufdem inferior. Fig. 4. Theca leu Vagiila. Fig. 5. Pedunculus. Fig. 6. Capitulum adhuc integrum. Fig. 7. Capitulum findens pulveremque fpargens. Fig. 8. Capitulum demiffo pulvere. JJelcnption from WEIS. SURCULI of various lengths, from one to two inches flat, irregularly branched, creeping on the bark of the trees in large patches. LEAVES of a pale yellow-green colour, clofely imbri- cated, alternate, round, fomewhat tranfparent flat, above entirely covering the mid- rib of the furculus, beneath fmall round fcales adhere to the mid-nb, the whole plant, when frelh, is foft to the touch, moiftened with water it grows flaccid. At the extremities, and here and there at the origin of the branches, pro- ceed flat Jheaths appearing truncated or cut off at top, from whence proceed fhort feta; or pe- duncles about a line in length, very {lender and terminated by fmall black heads fplittinsr into four brown hairy fegments. 5 I Fig- t. The plant of its natural fize. I 2 • -A part of the fame magnified. $Fig. 3. The under fide of the fame. t Fig • 4- The Cafe or Sheath. I Fig. 5. The Peduncle. t Fig. b. The Capitulum as yet entire. \FiS-7- The^CapituIum fplitting and difcharging its t Fig- 8. The Capitulum with the powder difcharged. I of 'the la{tcentufUngerma,lrI'a “ “ ,WS ^ in honour of a botauifl As LiNNnsus confiders the Capfules of the Molts as the Anthirx containimr Pollen fo t.-w , the Cnp.tul* of the prelent genus as containing Pollen alfo, and the little apparently pulveru entS'vM TctrJer b’,tfeundon of t!- the f=ma£PflowerVproducbgS’ Vid G^. With all due deference to fuch refpeftable authority, we are of opinion, that the charalW of ,1 ■ bejefs complex, and equally complete, without calling in thole balls or fph aerophydli, rerTs thTm feeTiseiS;;:fea,)r Smiths « all cales lufficiently diffinguilh this genus. TheLittle Lads of the^plants are" Sp4le of a&rf " "‘‘t “ fcopic entertainment. I ake a head ready to burft open nhee it heW r'P 6 °L ^ ,ording much micro- Point of a needle, and the elaftic hairs J the infi^aiStly »lr fo'moLT’ an d rh'5 €*T? ™h attached to them in great numbers, and with confiderable force. ’ nd tbrow o;i the globules The prelint fpecies is one of the moll common of this genus’, and may be fonnd in , about the end of January, fpreading on the bark of the Oak and other trees in woods f, ? P. f7 r-T" , Pc,'fea'‘»' It is dillinguilhable from another, equally common, by the pale green colLr ol Siea^s 7 ”'mL Agaricus procerus. Tall Mushroom I» AGARICUS Lin. Gen. PI. Crypto6amia Fungi1. Fungus horizontalis* fubtus lamellofus. Raii Syn. Gen. i. Fungi. AGARICUS anulatus ftipitatus, pileo campanulato fubfufco fquamofo, lamellis albidis, ftipite bulbofo anulato. Lightfoot FI, Scot. p. 1025. AGARICUS procerus flipitatus pileo hemifpha;rico lacerato-fquamofo rufefcente cinereo, lamellis albis, llipite longo cylindrico acetabulo inferto. Hudfon FI. Angi. ed. 2. p. 612. AGARICUS procerus. Scopoli FI. Carn. n. 1465. AMANITA petiolo procero, anulato, in acetabulum pilei immiffo, pileo fquamofo et maculato, lamellis albis. Haller. FUJI. n. 2371. AGARICUS; pileo papillari, ampliffimo, in margine fornicato, lacero et filamentofo ; petiolo anu- lato procero, inferius tumido, pilei acetabulo inferto. Gleditfch. Fung. p. 114. FUNGUS pileolo lato, longiffimo pediculo variegato. C. B. Pin. 371. n. 24. FUNGI longiffimo pediculo candicantes, fed maculati efculenti. J. B. III. 826. Raii Syn. p. 3. n. io. ✓ Schceff. Fung. t. 22, 23. STIPES folitarius, fpithamsus, et ultra, craffitie in- t dicis, bafi bulbofus, fiftulofus, fig. 3, albidus, | fquamis fufcis plerumque notatus. ^ t VOLVA ampla, perfiftens, lacera, bilamellofa, lamella | inferiore membranacea, fubfufca, fuperiore t alba, fpongiola. | l PILEUS palmaris et ultra, primo fubglobofus, dein I campanulatus, demum planus, fquamis fufcis, y floccidis, circa verticem crebioribus, maculatus ; | vertex tumidus, coriaceus ; caro craffitie la- f mellarum, alba, molliffima, fpongiola. t LAMELLAE conferta;, fragiles, albida?, bafi in margi- t nem acetabuli pilei inferta;, pulverem fubtiliffi- 1 mum cinerafcentem fpargentes. fig. 1, 2. t I STALK fingle, fix inches or more in height, the thick- nefs of the forefinger, bulbous at bottom, hol- low, fig. 3, whitilh, and generally mottled with brown fcales. RUFFLE large, permanent, torn, compofed of two lamella; or coats, the lowermoft membranous, and brownilh, the uppermoft white and fpongy. CAP three inches and more in diameter, at firfl: roundiffi, then bell-fhaped, and laftly flat, lpotted with brown, flaky, fcales ; thickeft round the crown ; crown prominent and lea- thery, fleffi the thicknefs of the gills, white, very foft and fpongy. GILLS numerous, brittle, whitilh, inferted at their bafe into the edge of the cup of the cap, throwing out a very fine alh-coloured powder. This Muffiroom, inferior to few in point of elegance, is frequently found in Woods, and dry hilly Paftures, among Heath, Broom, &c. in the months of September and October; I have found it in the environs of Hornfey W iod, and The Spaniard , Hampfiead Heath ; in Richmond Park, and many other places. It is a well-known Muffiroom, and eafily diftinguiffied from all others by its tallnefs, its bulbous bafe, its large ruffle, its fpongy cap, which is flaky, or fcaly, not warty at top, and which, as Mr. Lightfoot iuftly obferves, feparates it from the verrucofus, with which it has no fmall affinity. I have feen it expofed to fale ip Covent Garden market, for the true eatable one, but a Connoifleur will diftin- guiffl it by the fponginefs of its fleffi, which renders it in a great degree unfit for eating. Agaricus velutipes. Velvet-s talk’d Mushr o o m, AGARICUS Lin. Gen* Pi. CryptogAmia Fungi. Fungus horizontalis, fubtus Iamellofus. Ran Syn. Gen. i. Fungi. AGARICUS velutipes fafciculofus-, pileo planiufculo fulvo, flipite ttudo, tenerrime villofo, fuligino/b. FUNGUS glutinofus colore aurantio. Vaillant Bet. Paris, p. 72. 8. t. 12. Jig. 8, 9. FUNGUS fafciculofus, pileo orbiculari lutefeente, pediculo fufeo, tenerrime villofo, lamellis 'ex flavo candicantibus. Rail Syn . e d. 3. p. 9. Ex ligno putrefeente, feu arboribus ctefis, coacervatim plerumque nafeitur hic fungus. VOLVA ad radicem nulla. STIPES in planta mediae magnitudinis longitudine in-;; dicem, craflitie pennam anferinam tequat, teres, • : haud infrequenter compreffus, fiftulofus, te-;| nerrime villofus, feu velutinus, inferne prae- - fertim in vetuftis e rufo-nigricans, fuligine'' quafi infedus, carnea citrina, in tenuiflima fila;’ fericea partibili. • ■ ANNULUS nullus. ■; PILEUS uncialis ad triuncialem, modice convexus,:: fiepe ditformis, fulvus, glutinofus; Lamella: ;' plurima1, inequales, ex albido-luteicentes, in f majoribus et lenefcentibus fungis craflie, coria- £ ce™s ftlpitatusj pileo riibro cellulofo acuto, apice claufb. Hudfon. FI. Angl. VOLVA magnitudine nucis mofchats, oblongo-ovata, t VOLVA, alba, laevis, intus gelatinola, tunica interiore I uperne truncata, Jig. 1, 2. f the inner coaj- CHt at t0p< ^ 2 STIPES °r egg, tlie fize of a nutmeg, of an oblong, ovate ffiape* white* fmooth, gelatinous within, 1 .. f- w. • . .. t the inner coat cut off at too. fir t 1 extra volvam, lelquiuncialis, feu biuncialis, | STALK, beyond the volva, an incl^and a ha! for two magnitudine calami anferini majoris, teres, f ■ * • 1 • ’ °r tWO filiformis, inferne acuminatus, cellulofus, fub-f pellucidus, pallide aurantiacus, intus cavus, I cito flaccefcens. fig. 3, 4, 5, 6. % inches in length, the fize of a large goofe- quill, round, filiform, terminating in a point at bottom, cellular* lomewhat tranfpareiit, of a pale orange colour, hollow within, foon be- CAPITULUM, nam pileus vix dici poteft, ftipiti infi- 1 HEAD, for™'1^ fla'CUl' Fg-J>/h 6. det, eftque feffile, femunciale, diametro fti-I pitis, oblongum, fubacuminatum, apice im- 1 pervio albelcente, primo lividum, membrana I nitida, tenuiffima tedium, infra quam exigua ^ quantitas humoris virefcentis, feu materies fe- * minalis fere inodori cernitur, quS remota fu- f perficies capituli rubra et traufverfim rugofa ¥ apparet, nequaquam vero cellulofa, ficut in I impudico. ♦ i it cannot properly be called a cap, fits on the ftem, is feffile, about half an inch in length, and of the diameter of the ftem* ob- long, a little pointed, impervious and whitifh at top, at firft of a livid colour, and covered with a very thin, ffiining membrane, under- neath which is a fmall quantity of a greeniffi liquid, or feminal matter, almoft fcentlefs, which being removed, the furface of the head appears of a red colour, and tranfverfely wrinkled, but by no means cellular, as in the ■% ftinking Morell. Mr. Ehret, the celebrated botanic painter, appears to have been the firft who difcbvered this rare Fattens in this country ; he found it m a wood near Salop*, and made drawings of it for one of his principal patrons 8 Mr Hunter gardener to the Earl of Mansteld, lately found it, though very fparingly, \lcaJwood and com mumcated feveral fpecmens of it to Mr. Dickson of Covent Garden. This autumn ,78,, on the 20th of Seo- tember I was fortunate enough to be prefent at the difcovering of one of them in Lord ManSfield'-s fmall Pine wood, famous for producing the Phallus impudicus, Hydmm aurifcalpium, and other Fungi; I was in fearcl, of thefe, when my draughtsman Mr Sower by pointed out to me a white fubftance, rifen little above the furface of the ground, and which at a diftance refembled the cap of a fmall white mufhroom ; not fufpefling it to be a y thnig extraordinary, I took it up with lefs caution than I (hould otherwife have done, and on openhfg it found ft to be the PbaUus canmus, \n the (late reprefentcd at Jig. ,. From the hafty manner in which ft wj gathered, I had no opportunity of oMcrvmg whether its roots were flmilar to thofe of the Phallus impudicus, but fffpeft they were; on examining it the next morning I was pleafed to find that the ftalk had Ihot ouf from its inclofL volvf more than an inch; the volva contained a jelly 111 the manner of the impudicus, in palling through which th- ftalk ?hT„“;feCnrMbW‘ft f0m takinfi Pkce ^impudicus, becaufLhe pileus id mhh wider than the ftalk) the ftalk was cellulai and hollow, equally rapid 111 its growth as the impudicus, buc as its bafe con- tained1 within the volva ran out to a finer point, fo the body of it was more uniformly of a fize throughout and of a faint orange colour; not having that firm waxy texture which enables the impudicus to fupport itfelf for many days, it quickly became flaccid after attaining its full growth. " Thus far we may obferve a great fimilarity In the ftruflure and oeconomy of the two plants we have been com- paring; 111 the remaining part, containing the fruflification, we find an amazing difference The Phallus tmtsu dscus carries on the top of the ftalk a very diftioft and perfea Pileus, or CaPi on the outlide of which the feminal matter is depofited in cells, without the lead covering ; in the caninus there is properly fpeaking no Pileus tlie part on the outlide of which the feminal matter is lodged, forms a capitulum, or head, which is onlv a continurt- tion of the ftalk, as appears on diffeSion, differing in its ftruflure and colour, this head has a wrinkled nor a reticulated furface, within thefe wrinkles, which are not very deep, the feminal matter is contained, and (r’ontrary to what we find in the impudicus ) covered by a very thill membrane ; we may obferve that this matter has very little fmell in it, nor do flies appear particularly fond of it; J This unufual ftrudture pf the Capitulum by no means agrees with Linn /eusvs generic chara&er of a Phallus as that implies a Pileus fmooth on the under, and reticulated on the outer fide * with which the impudicus perfectly cor- refponds* and yet every botanift would call this a Phallus-, hence there appears a neceffity for alrerino- its generic character, the effence of which leeffis to con flit in the Seeds being contained in a filly -like liquifying fubfiance, on the cutjide of a Capitulum dr Pileus. Batarra’s figure and defeription may poffibly be intended for this Fungus, there is no knowing with cer- tainty, fo great is their obfeurity. _ * In the margin of a Ray’s Synopfis which had been Mr. Ehret's, belonging tb Mr. Richard Haworth, Apothecary of Chancery-lane who kindly lent it me, there is the fdllowing remark at the Phallus impudicus, in Mr. Ehret's own hand writing : “ a fmailer fort found in a'uood “ near Salop, with Mr. Moore 1741» but it did not ftink*” ' , ■ ' « - , ■ mm A CATALOGUE Of certain Plants, growing wild, chiefly in the Environs of Settle, in York- fhire, obferved by W . Curtis , in a Six W eeks Botanical Excurfion from London, made at the Requeft of J. C. LETTSOM, M. D. F. R. S. &c. in the Months of July and Auguft, 1782. 1. Hippuris vulgaris. Mare' s-t ail. t Limnopeuce. Rail Syn. ed. t. p. 136. | In the lakes on Brig Jlcar Mofs, about four miles t from Kendal plentifully. 2. Ligufrum vulgare. Privet. ^ Ran Syn. p. 46 In Grafs Wood, near GraJJington, about two miles f from Kilnfay, not uncommon. ¥ 3. Pinguicula vulgaris. Common Butterwort. I Pinguicula Gefneri. Rail Syn. p. 281. ? Common on every Bog. | 4. Utricularia vulgaris. Common-bonded Milfoil. Lentibularia. Raii Syn. p. 286. | In the greateft plenty with N° 1. flowefs in Augujl. $ 5. Schcenus Marifcus. Long-rooted Bajlard Cyperus. | Cyperus longus inodorus fylveftris. Raii Sym. p. 426. $ On the edge of Conzic Tarn, or Lake, about two | miles from Kendal, in the greateft abundance, and | higheft perfe&ion, fome of the flowering ftems ¥ growing to the height of four or five feet. I 6. Schcenus nigricans. Black Bog-rujl:. Juncus laevis minor panicula glomerata nigricante. | Raii Syn. p. 430. f Plentifully on a Bog in Skirrith Wood, near Ingleton, | and moft other Bogs in the North. | 7. Schcenus compreffius. Flat-headed Bog-rufh. | Gramen cyperoides fpica limplici comprefla difticha. | Raii Syn. p. 425. Not uncommon in wet boggy places about Ingleton, | Settle , &e. ; near Gigglefwick Tarn in plenty ; t flowers in Auguft. 8. Schcenus albus. White Bog- rufh. | Cyperus minor paluftris hirfutus paniculis albis I paleacis. Raii Syn. p. 427. y On Brig fear Mofs, 11. 1. in abundance. | 9. Scirpus cef pi tofus. Heath Club-rufj. | Scirpus montanus capitulo breviori. Raii Syn.p. 429. I Frequent on Moors, amongft the Heath or Ling. | 10. Scirpus acicularis. Scirpus minimus capitulis equifeti. Raii Syn.p. 429. | On the edge of a rivulet near Gigglefwick Tarn, y. which runs from the ebbing and flowing Well. | .. 1 . Eriopborum vaginatum. Single- headed Cottnn-grafs. 3 Juncus alpinus cum cauda leporina. Raii Syn. p. ? 43«- . . 'I On Peat Bogs frequent, in the afcent to Ingleborough | Hill. _ I 12. Melica Montana. Mountain Mehc Grafs. In Skirrith Wood, near Ingleton, and in Grafs Wood, | near Kilnfay , not uncommon. | 13. Fefuca ovina var. vivipara. Viviparous Sheep's | Fefcue-grafs. 3 Gramen fparteum montanum fpica foliacea gra- | minea majus'^t minus. Raii Syn. p. 410. ^ On the crags near the fummit of Ingleborough, and i and on the rocks of Longfedale , about ten miles j from Kendal, plentifully. . Fefuca elatior. Fall Fefcue-grafs. Gramen arundinaceum aquaticum panicula avenacea. Raii Syn. p. 5 1 1 . On the fides of the river Ribble, hear Settle, plenti- fully. Bromus giganteus. Tall Brome-grafs. Gramen avenaceum glabrum, panicula e fpicis raris ftrigofis cOmpofita, ariftis tenuiflimis. Raii Syn. p. 415. Plentifully under the ftone walls in the road from Settle to Gigglefwick, and ellewhere. , Bromus hirjutusi FLairyfalked Brome-grafs, FI. Land. Gramen avenaceum dumetorum panicula fparfa^ Raii Syn. p. 51. nemoralis, Hudfon. FI. Angi. Not uncommon in the woods and hedges in York- fhire, efpecially about Carr end Wenfeydale. . Triticum caninum. Bearded Wheat-grafs. Gramen caninum ariftatum radice non repente. Raii Syn. p. 58. Plentiful with the laft mentioned grafs. . Cynojurus ccer ulcus. Blue Dog' s-t.. il grafs. GramCn parvum montanum Ipica craffiore purpureo coeruleo brevi. Raii Syn. p. 399. There is no chara&er in this grafs which would in- duce one to conlider it as a Cynojurus. Several Botanifts of the firft eminence make a diftind genus of it, and apparently with much propriety. 1 firft found it on the rocks near Sett e, and after- wards on the rocks and tops of the hills generally in the North. From its being in feed when I difcovered it, which was the latter end of July, it muft be one of the earlieft grafl'es in flower'; and of all that 1 have ever feen is by far the moft hardy. The Poa pratenfs, in this refped, ap- proaches the neareft to it, and is very fimilar in its foliage. The Botanift and the Farmer are both interefted in? the further inveftigation of this alpine plant. . Scabiofa columbaria. Mountain Scabious. Scabiofa minor vulgaris. Raii Syn. p. 191. Frequent on all the lime-ftone rocks. . Plantago maritima. Sea Plantain. Plantago, an alpina anguftifolia. RaiiSyn.p. 3 r 5. I found this plant very unexpe&edly in the road leading from Kilnfay to Arndijf, in great abun- dance ; and afterwards difcovered it on the lides of many of the mountains thereabouts. I could difcover no difference betwixt it and the Sea Plan- tain growing at Gravfud. . Sangujorba officinalis. Great or Meadow Burnet. Sanguiforba major flore l'padiceo. Raii Syn. p. 263. Common in moft of the pafturcs ; in fome of which' it is the principal plant. The farmers were much divided in their opinions refpe&ing its goodnefs. It produces a large, but late crop ; grows fre- quently tmently to Ae height of four or five feet; but its f 33. tampmuh hulfoiii. &M Mjtoer. fc Iks are hard, and apparently unfit for fodder. f r'-~ — f"'"4 borne have fufpe&ed this was the fpecies recom- | mended to have beeh cultivated fome years fince ; y hut Dr. Watson, whole authority will not be | dilputed, allures me, it was the lefler Burnet, ^ whole chief excellence confifis in affording foliage | 34. early in the fpring, a property the prefent plant | cannot boaft of. | Afperula Cynanchica. Squiii ancy-wort. | Rubeola vulgaris quadrifolia laevis, floribus purpu- | 35. Gentiana amarella. Autumnal Gentian. •• A * rTon t-nnol 1 o nrofpnfic flnrt> lanmrinni Campanula maxima foliis latiffimis. Raii Syn. p. 276. Extremely Common about Settle and elfewhere, under the Hone-walls and hedges. The cbuntry people improperly call them Fox-gloves. Riles rubrum. Common Currants. Ribes vulgaris flore rubro. RaiiSyn. p. 456. On the edges of the wet ditches, and in the Woods about Carr End , Wenjleydale. 39- rantibus. Rail Syn. p. 225. On the lime-ftoue hills about Conzic , near Kendal. 23 . Galium montanum . Mountain Ladies Bed-fraw. MoUugo montana minor Gallio albo limilis Syn. p. 224. The moil general plant on all the Northern moun- tains. The fuuimit of Ingleborough is princi-f pally covered with it and the Juncus fquarrofus. | 24. Galium boreale. Crofs-feaved Ladies Bed-Jlr aw. ■$ 37' Mollugo montana ereCta quadrifolia. Rail Syn. p. | 224. i J Plentiful on the hills betwixt Kilnfay and Grafs | Wood , more Specially among fome rocks in Grafs * l Rood. 25. Alchemilla vulgaris. Common Ladies Mantle. Alchimilla, RaiiSyn. p. 158. ? There is fcarce a pafture or moift bank in Yorklhire | on which this pretty plant does not occur.. 26. Alchemilla alpina. Mountain Ladies Mantle. | Alchimilla alpha pentaphyllos. Raii Syn. p. 1 58. | This fpecies, which far excels the other in beauty, % is by no means fo frequent. I firH found it on a | hill called Lime-Jlone Knot, in Long fhdale, a y place mentioned by Wilson, in his Synopfs, | further on in Longjledale , or, as it is there called, % Longjleddel , on the high and romantic rocks | about Buckbarrow Well the BotaniH will find it in « ■ abundance. ; 27. Potamogeton fetaceum. Setaceous Pond-weed. In the ditches on Brigfear Mofs , with the Utricu- 1 laria plentifully. « 28. Anchufa fempervirens. Ever-green Alkanet. Bugloffum latifolium fempervirens. Raii Syn. p. 227. From the paucity of places in which this plant was- ‘ faid to have been found wild, and the fufpicion . which refted on fome of thofe, I had entertained : doubts of its being a native of this country : . thofe were entirely removed on my finding it tole- : rably plentiful in the lanes about GiggleJ'wick, and ' in the road between Settle and Ingleton. 29. Primula farinoja. Birds Eye. Verbafculum umbellatum alpinum minus. Raii Syn.p. 285. Grows every where with the Pinguicula. A variety, with white blofloms, has not unfrequently been found ; in a Bog in Skirrith Wood , near Ingleton , I gathered fpecimens a foot and a half high. 30. AnqgalUs tenella. Bog Pimpernel. Nummularia minor flore purpurafeente. Raii Syn. p. 283. Common on the Bogs. The largeft and fined plants 1 ever law of this fpecies, grew in a bog betwixt Kendal and Longjledale. 3 1 . Polenionium caeruleum. Jacob's Ladder . Polemonium vulgare coeruleum et album. Raii Syn. . p. 288. . In tolerable plenty at Malham, or, as it is there ! called, Maum Cove, by the fide of the rivulet- which fp rings from the bafe of that Hupendous; rock. 1 found this plant alfo in much greater- plenty i h Coni/lone Dib, in a low wood, under ihelrer of fome high and romantic rocks, a fitua- tion it feems to affedt. Alfo on Amber Sear, on the left-hand between Kilnfay and Arnclijf. Samolus vakrandi. Water Pimpernel. Samolus valerandi. RaiiSyn. 283. Obferved a few fpecimens on Brigfear Mofs. Gentianella pratenfis flore lanuginofo. Raii Syn. p • 27 5. Common on lime-frone hills and paftures. Rail I 36. Ulmiis campeflris var. y Hudfon. IVych Elm. I Ulmus folio latiffimo fcabro. Raii Syn. p. 469. I Common in Hedges and Woods. It is much fupe- rior in fize and beauty to the common Elm, and deferves to be more generally cultivated. Oenanthe crocata. Hemlock-water Drop-wort. Oenanthe cicutze facie lobelii. Raii Syn.p. 210. In the wet ditches betwixt Kendal and Longjledale , and in fimilar fituations, in many parts of Yorklhire. I 38. ScandiK odorata. Sweet Cicely, t Cerefolium magnum live Myrrhis. Ger. ernac. p. io39- . This plant is not mentioned by Mr. Ray in his Synopfs ; and Mr. Hudson introduces it as a doubtful native. The fituations in which I found it clearly convinced me, it had a good title to be confidered as a native of Great Britain ; and I was confirmed in my opinion by the common people, who find it wild in many places in the greateft plenty, and call it by the name of Sweet - cifs, an abbreviation of Cicely. They rub their furniture with it, to give it a glofs. It is com- mon under the Hone-walls about Settle, at the entrance into Kilnfay , and in Wbitfell Gill , near Afrig. Pimpinella Saxifraga. Burnet Saxifrage. Pimpinella laxifraga minor, foliis fanguiforbae. Raii Syn. p. 213. Very frequent in the fiffures of the Lime-Hone Rocks about Settle. 40. Parnafia paluftris. Grafs of Parnafus. Parnaffia vulgaris et paluflris. Raii Syn. p. 555. Very common in Bogs and wet Meadows. 41. Dr of era rotundifolia. Round-leaved Sun-dew. Ros lolis folio rotundo. Raii Syn. p. 356. 42. Drofer a long folia. Long-leaved Sun-dew. Ros folis folio oblongo. Raii Syn. p. 356. I found thefe two fpecies plentifully in the North ; but no where in greater plenty, or perfection, than on Brigfear Mofs, near Kendal, where they, grow to twice or thrice the fize they ufually acquire with us ; but in other refpefts appeared to me to afford no truly fpecific character. It is- very proabable, that the three fpecies enumerated in Ray, in addition to the above, will be found to be varieties only. Alium arenarium ? Sand Garlic. Allium fylveHre amphicarpon foliis porraceis, flori- bus et nucleis purpureis. Raii Syn. p. 370. 44. Allium oleraceum ? Herbaceous Garlic. Allium fylveflre bicorne flore ex herbaceo albicante cum triplici in lingulis petalis Bria atro-purpurea. Raii Syn. p. 370. Thefe two fpecies of Garlic being out of flower when difeovered, I dare not be pofitive about them. The firH grew fparingly, in a paHure at the back of the Babies belonging to the Dun Horfe, Ingleton, kept by Mr. Warmer, at whofe houfe every traveller finds himfelf at home. The latter grew alfo fparingly among rocks, in the Girling \ Trough , near Con if one, Kilnfay. 45. Anthericum ojjifragum. Lancafhirc Afphodel. Phalangium angUcum paluHre Iridis folio. Rail Syn.p. 375. 43- Extremely Extremely common 111 all Bogs and moorilhr Grounds, which in July and Augufl are beauti- 1 fully decorated with its bl'oflbrbs. 46. Convallaria Polygonatum. Sweet Solomon's Seal. I Polygonatum floribus ex Angularibus pediculis. Rail’ Syh. p. 263. In the rocky part of Sykes Wood , near Ingleton , - fparingly. 47. Juncus Jylvaticus. Ch eat hairy Wood RuJJj. \ Gramen nemorofum liirfutum latifolium maximum. • Rail Syn. p. 416. In Whitfell Getl, near Ajkrig , plentifully : alfo near j the bottom of a mountain called the Rye-loaf j : near Settle , where no wood was growing, but probably had grown. 48. Triglochin palujlre. Arrow-headed grafs. Common in marftiy places. 49. Rumex digynus. Mountain Sorrel. Acetofa iotundifolia repens Eboracenfis, folio in medio deliquium patiente. Rati Syn. p. 143. Found fparingly in the fpot mentioned by Ray, dole by Buckbarrow Well , in Longjledale , on the edge of a deep rivulet abounding in water- falls. The Rumex fcutatus of Linnalus is very common in the gardens in Yorkjhire : I have lometimes feen it in fituations which have tempted me to think it an indigenous plant. 50. Colchicum autumnale. Meadow Saffron. Colchicum commune. Rail Syn. p. 373. Not uncommon in the meadows in Yorkjhire. 1 found it in a pafture clofe by Milfcur Lujh , near* Kiln/dy, Mr. Wm. Fothergill, of Carr End, f informed me, that it grew plentifully in a mea- 1 doW near Wejl Wit ton. Wen/ley dale. 51. Alifma ramnculoides. Small Water Plantain. Plantago aquatica minor. Rail Syn. p. 357. In Gigg/efivick Tarn plentifully. | 52. Epilobium anguf ifolium. Rofe- bay Willow-herb. < Lyfimachia fpeciofa quibufdam Onagra difta fili-- quofa. RaiiSyn. p. 3x0. • In Grafs Wood, near Kilnfay, among the rocks,; plentifully in one particular fpot. ; 53. Epilobium alpinum. Alpine Willow-herb. Lyfimachia filiquofa glabra minor latifolia. Rail Syti. p. 311. On the moift rocks about Buckbarrow Well. Vaccinium Myrtillus. Blca-berry. Vitis idaea angulola. Rail Syn. p. 457. Common on all the Heaths, Rocks, and Mountains. Vaccinum Vitis i dee a. Red Bil-berry. Vitis id rea fcmpervirens fru&u rubro. Rail Syn. P- 457- Not uncommon on Heaths, yet feldom found in blofl’om. Vaccinium Oxycocccs. Cran-berry. Oxycoccos f. Vaccinia paluftria. Rail Syn. p. 267. Frequent on the boggy moffes about Settle, Kendal, t and elfewherein the North. Polygonum viviparum. Viviparous BJlort. Biftorta minor. Raii Syn. p. 147. | On the edge of Semer Water , an extenfive tarn at % Carr End, W enfeydale. f Paris quadrifolia. Herb Paris, or True-love . •_ Herba Paris. Raii Syn. p. 264. ; In Kelkoe Wood, near Settle, and moll of the woods thereabout. 59. Pyrola rotundifolia. Common Winter-green. In the enchanting woods of Hackfall , near Grewel- thorpe, in tolerable plenty. Sparingly in Raydale Wood, near Carr End, Wenfeydale ; alfo" in Ten- nants Wood, near Kilnfay. 60. Saxifraga fellaris. Hairy Kidney-wort. Geum palufire minus foliis oblongis crenatis. Raii | Syn. />.354. . t Not uncommon on the moift rocks and boggy 175. ground about Buckbarrow Well, Eongfedale ; a ^ few plants in bloflom, but moftly in feed. t 61. Saxifraga oppoftifolia. Purple Saxifrage. | Saxifraga alpina ericoides, flore cicruleo. Raii Syn. f 353 • 54- 55- 56- 57- 58. On the craggy rocks of Ingleborough and Pennigent plentifully, in particular fpots. 62. Saxifraga autumnalis. Autumnal Saxifrage. Saxifraga alpina anguftifolia, flore luteo guttato. Raii Syn. p. 353. On the moift rocks of Ingleborough fparingly. In the greateft plenty in Longfedale ; alfo in Whit- fell Gill, near Afkrig, mod beautifully in bloffom. 63. Saxifraga hypnoides. Trifd Saxifrage — Ladies Cufoion. Saxifraga mufeofa trifido folio. Raii Syn. p. 354. On the mountains about Settle plentifully, and moft of the mountains in the North. 64. Arenaria verna. Mountain Sandwort or Chickweed. Alfine pufilla pulchro flore folio tenuiffimo noftras* RaiiSyn. p. 351. Generally with the laft mentioned plant. I always found it a fure indication of elevated ground. 65. Sedum angli cum. Englifh Stonecrop. Sedum minimum non acre flore albo. Raii Syn. M7'. _ On fome rocks in Longfedale, on the left-hand fide going down the vale ; obferved it on a few rocks only. 66. Sedum villofum. Hairy Stonecrop. Sedum purpureum pratenfe. Raii Syn. p. 270. On the fide of Ingleborough fparingly, in the Bogs where the fprings originate ; but in much greater plenty in fimilar fituations about Carr End, Wen- \ feydale. 67. Spergula nodofa. Knotted Spurrey. Alfine paluftris foliis tenuiflimis, feu Saxifraga pa-, luftris anglica. Raii Syn. p. 350. Common on the Bogs about Settle, and fimilar fitua- tions in the North. 68. Prunus Padus. Bird Cherry. Cerafus avium nigra et racemofa. Raii Syn.p. 463. Iii the woods about Ingleborough, and elfewhere in the North, plentifully. Cr-ateegus Aria. White Beam Tree. Mefpilus alni folio fubtus incano. Aria Theophrafti didla. Raii Syn. p. 453. Common in the mountainous woods in the North ; loves a dry fituation. 70. Rofa villofa. Apple Rofe. Rofa fylveftris pomifera major noftras. Raii Syn. p. 454. In Grafs Wood, near Kilnfay, and in feveral other woods. 71. Rubus id reus. Rajberry. Rubus I'dasus fpinofus frudlu rubro. Raii Syn.p. 467. Plentiful in the above mentioned wood. 72. Rubus faxatilis. Stone Bramble. Not unfrequent in the mountainous woods about Settle and • Ingleton ; but no where in greater perfection than near the fummit of Helsfelnab, near Kendal. Rubus Cham amor us. Cloud-berry. ChanvcEmorus. Raii Syn. p. 260. On the fides of the higheft mountains about Settle and Ingleton, efpecially on the Rye-loaf, within a few miles of the former, where I gathered its berries in the greateft perfe&ion, and found the caterpillar of the Emperor Moth ( P balaena pa- vonia ) feeding on its foliage. Potentilla verna. Spring Cinquefoil. Pentaphyllum parvum hirfutum. Raii Syn. p: 2551 My very obliging friend Mr. Wm. Fothergill, of Carr End, ftiewed me this plant growing fpa- ringly on an old ftone-wall at Car low-nick, adjoin- ing the weft-end of the Crag Pafure, about half a mile from Carr End. I have the beft authority for believing, that the Potentilla opaca of Mr. Hudson is no other than this plant; Geum rivale. Water Avens. Caryophyllata montana purpurea. Raii Syn. p. 2 53. In the Paftures, Woods, &c. about Settle and elfe- where much more common than the urbanum is with us* 7 7$* 69. I 73- 74- Dryas oSl ope tala. Mountain Dryas. | On Gigglefwick Scar fparingly, infeed, Caryophylkta alpina chamaidryos folio. Rail Syn. j 89. Geranium fylvaticum. M ood Uamfbtll. 77- 80. 83. 84. 86. P; 25 3. _ This beautiful plant, heretofore known to be only . a native of Scotland and Ireland , I found plenti- ' fully in feed on Amcliff Clouder , a mountain . within half a mile of Amcliff, in Littendale , a few miles from Kiln fay. Comarum paluftre. Marjh-cinquefoil. Pentaphylloides paluftre rubrum. Rati Syn. p. ' 256. In Gigglefwick Tarn, near Settle , plentifully, and other rnarlhy places. Achea Jpicata. Herb Chrjlopher , or Banc-berry. Chriftophoriana. Rati Syn. 262. I am indebted to Mr. Wm. Fothergill, before- mentioned, for pointing out to me a moft delight- ful herborizing fpot, viz. a Glen or Gill, called Whitfell Gill, or Arthur Fofs, fituated within a fmall diftanceof AJkrig. In this ftieltered valley, ornamented with an enchanting water-fall, many rare plants grew in the utmoft luxuriance. Here 1 found, in abundance, this poifonous plant lurk- ing, and half concealing its dark glofly berries, not unaptly refembling thofe of coffee, but more beautiful, and within reach of my arm, around one plant of it, the following, viz. Scandix odo- rata, Saxifraga autumnalis, Ribes rubrum , Rubus idaus. Rubus faxatilis , Prunus Padus , Juncus Jylvaticus. What a treat for a Botanift ! What a recompence for one of the rougheft journies over Cam, perhaps, ever experienced ! Auguft 16. Aquilegia vulgaris. Common Columbine. Aquilegia. Raii Syn.p. 273. Found among fome lime-ftones on the upper part of the Girling Trough , near Coniflone, Kilnfay , out of bloom. It poffibly might be the alpina. ThaliSlrum minus. Lefjer Meadow-Rue. Thalidtrum minus. Raii Syn. p. 203. In Skirrith Wood , near Ingle ton, fparingly. In great plenty on the mountainous ground about Kilnfay and many other places in the north. Trotlius europceus. Globe-flower, Locker-gowlons. Ranunculus globofus. Raii Syn.p. 272. In Skirrith IV ood, and the moift woods about Settle , in great abundance. Galeop/is tetrahit var. 3. Nettle Hemp. Lamium cannabino tolio, flore amplo luteo ; labio purpureo. Raii Syn. p. 241. This elegant variety is found fparingly in the Corn- fields about Settle. Draba muralis. Speed-well-leaved Whitlow-grafs. Burfa paftoris major loculo oblongo. Rail Syn. p. 292. On Amber Scar, near Amcliff, in Littendale, and at Malham Cove, fparingly. Draba incana. Wreathen-podded Whitlow-grafs. Lunaria contorta major. Raii Syn. p. 291. Very common on the rocks about Settle, and fimilar fituations elfewhere. Thlafpt montanum. Mountain Thlafpi. Thlafpi foliis globularia;. Raii Syn . p. 305. On the mountainous paftures in the road from Settle to Malham, within about half a mile of the Tarn, ? plentifully, with the Arenaria verna , moftly in | feed. 1 fought for it in vain in the paftures about t the ebbing and flowing well. | Cochlearia officinalis. Common Scurvy-grafs. -f Cochlearia. Raii Syn.p. 302. f Geranium batrachoides montanum noftras. Rail Syn. p. 360. In the woods and paftures about Settle and Ingleton not uncommon ; alfo in Longjledale ; and about Carr End, Mr. W. Fothergiel informs me, it is fo common as to empurple the. paftures when in full bloom. 90. Geranium fanguineum. Bloody Cranefbill. Geranium ha^matodes. Raii Syn. p. 360. In rocky mountainous woods very common, as in Kelkoe Wood, near Settle, in Grafs W ood, and in the road from thence to Kilnfay, in the greateft plenty. 91. Geranium columbinum. Long-flalked Cranefoill. Geranium columbinum, difle&is foliis, pediculis florum longiflimis. Raii Syn. p. 359. 92. Geranium lucidum. Shining CranefoiP. Geranium faxatile. Raii Syn p. 361. Common on the ftone-fences about Settle and elfe- where. 93. Fumaria clavi culat a. Climbing Fumitory. Fumaria alba latifolia. Raii Syn. p. 335. Plentifully on a thatched Farm-houfe in Longjledale , on the left-hand fide, going down the vale. 94. Vicia fylvatica. Wood Vetch. Vicia fylvatica multiflora. Raii Syn. p. 322. I found one root only of this beautiful plant in full bloffom in Skirrith Wood, near Ingleton. 95. Hippocrepis comofa. Horfe-Jlooe Vetch. Ferrum equinum germanicum filiquis in fummitate. Raii Syn. p. 321. Grows in abundance out of the lime-ftone rocks, near Gigglefwick, Settle , and Kilnfay. 96. Trifolium alpeflre. Long- leaved Clover. Trifolium purpureum majus, foliis longioribus et anguftioribus, floribus faturatioribus. Raii Syn. p. 328. In Skirrith and other mountainous woods and paf- tures in the North, moft plentifully. 97. Hypericum montanum. Mountain St. John's Wort. Hypericum elegantiftimum non ramofum folio lato. Raii Syn. p. 343. In Syke's Wood , near Ingleton, and other moun- tainous woods, not uncommon. 98. Hieracium murorum. Wall Hawkweed, or Golden Lung-wort. Hieracium murorum folio pilofiflimo. Raii Syn. p. 168. On the rocks near the water-fall at Ayfgarth Force, and, if I miftake not, on Kilnfay Crag. 99. Hieracium fubaudum. Shrubby Hawkweed. Hieracium fruticofum latifolium hirfutum. Raii Syn.p. 167. This plant, in its ufual ftate is extremely common. A variety, whofe leaves are fpotted with red, and which is fometimes miftaken for the Hypochatris maculata , is frequent on the rocks in Grafs Wood and at Gordel. 100. Car duils helenioides. Melancholy Thiflle. Cirfium britanicum Clufii repens. Raii Syn. p. *93- . In a coppice near Gigglefwick and m Skirrith Wood, plentifully. In the paftures about Bordley, near Malham, fo plentiful as to empurple the paf- tures, fo ftriking in its foliage, and fo noxious in its effeifts, as to attraS the notice of the hulbandmen, who call them While-backs. s7. Common by the river Ribble, near Settle, and on the | 10 1. Viola paluftris. Mar/h Violet. mountains thereabout. In the latter fituation it t Viola paluftris rotundifolia glabra. Raii Syn. p. is very dwarfifti, and is the grtenlandica of Lin- | 364. n.-eus. t In Gigglefwick Tarn, and other marlhy fituations. Turritis hirfuta. Hairy Tower Muflard. | common. Turritis muralis minor. Raii Syn. p. 294. 4 102. Viola grandijlora. Yellow Panfie. On old caftles, walls, and rocks, about Settle aud| Ingleton, common. y , Caraaminc impatiens. Impatient Ladies-Smock. t Cardamine impatiens, vulgo fium minus impatiens. | R dfun.p. 299. f Viola montana lutea grandiflora noftras. Raii Syn. P- 35 6- . In mountainous paftures frequent, about Attamire Cliffs, near Settle. 103. '163. Orchis bi folia. Butterfly Orchis. Orchis alba bifolia minor calcare oblongo. Raij Syr?, J 380. " % In the hilly paftures above Stackhoufe and on Mill | IJland ', near Settle , plentifully, and in mahy other $ paftures, Fully blown. | 104. Orchis conopfea. Sweet Orchis. y This moft variable Carex we found in almoft every fitiiation. on the edge of Giggle fwick Tarn it grew wjth the panicea plentifully. I alfo found it on dry ground hear the tops of the higheft moun- tains. Some fpecirnens, in particular, a j^ard iii height, I gathered near the fiummit of a lofty rock in Longjledaie. Orchis palmata rubella cum longis calcaribus ru- | x 13. Carex vefcaria. Bladder Carex. bellis. Rari Syn. 380. On Mill IJland and moft of tlie failures with the | former, fully blown. J : 05. Satyri urn viride. Frog Orchis. Orchis palmata minor flore liiteo-viridi. Raii Syn. f 381. . t Frequent on the moft hilly paftures about Settle, in | full bloom. i 1 06. Ophrys mufetfera. Fly Orchis. Orchis myodes galea et alis herbidis, jtuii Syn. | 399’ ? On the hilly lime-ftone paftures at Stackhoufe, hear | Settle , plentifully; in Skirrith Wood, fpaftngly. y Ir. Robert Kidd, of Afhton near Gargrave ; | 115. SaPx P'entandra. Sweet Willow. ftiewed me one he had gathered in a wild ftntei y two feet and a quarter high, with fourteen blof- | burns on it. He alio ftiewed me a great number ^ of the Ophrys apijera, or Bee orchis , a rare plant X witli them ; but whole place of growth he did | . not care to divulge. t 10] . Cypripedium Calceolus. Ladies flipper. | Calceolus maria:. Rail Syn. 385. _ f The beauty and extreme Angularity of the blofloms | of this plant, joined to its great fcarcity, have * occafioned it to be univerfally fought after by | Botanifts and others ; who, not content with con- | templatiiig its beauties in its native ioil, are 4 anxious to fee it grow in their gardens, in which, | however, they are generally difappointed, as it y very rarely thrives on trail fplanting. We faw, £ Gramen cyperoides polyftachidn majus, fpicis tere- tibus, eredtis. Rail Syn. 419. We ‘do not recollect finding this fpecies nearer Lon- don than Virginia Water. In the North it i3 a common Carex on the edges of tarns and rivulets. It abounds in Giggle fwick Tarn, a fpot fertile iii Carices, and on the borders of Sprier Water, Wen - Jledale. 1 1 4. Carex gracilis, FI. Lond. Slender-fpiked Carex. Gf anien cyperoides majus anguftifolium. Rail Syn, 417- - . , . In great plenty dn the borders of Conzic Tarn near Ketjda/i Raii indeed, a few iiiftances to the contrary in fome | 1 i j. Salix rofmarinifolia. Salix folio laureo; feu lato glabro odorato. Syn. 449. About Kilnfay, and mdre efpecially about Carr End Wenfledale, this is the riioft common fpecies of Willow, and Is much ufed for making the larger fort of balkets. Its leaves are glrifly, and exhale an odoriferous perfume in hot weather, which, joined to the beautiful appearance of the male- tree when in bloom; and the ferriale when in foed, render it one of the moft delirable trees our ifland jlaturally produces. 1 1 6. Salix helix. Spurge-leaved Willow. Salix huniilior, foliis anguftis fubcoeruleis ex adverfb binis. Raii Syn. 448. Equally common with the foregoing, and ufed for makiiig the finer forts of bafket-work. gardens in Yorkfhire, To this rage for the Ladies Slipper we may attribute its prefent fcarcity in Helk's Wood near lngleton, where it ufed to be found ill plenty. We were fortunate enough to difeover this plant in confiderable plenty in the iieighbourho'od of Kilnfay, not only in the Woods with its ufual attendant, the red-flowered Helle- borinej but alfo in hilly pafture ground, with the Ophrys ovata ', but as fome gardeners in the neighbourhood had difeovered them, and were unremittingly employed iii digging up every one they found, we may venture to prophecy, that in a few years they will be rarely found here alfd. 108. Serapias palujlris. ■ Helleborine paluftns noftras. Ran Syn. 384- In the boggy part of Syke's W ood plentifully i alfo near Kilnfay, and rtiaiiy other boggy fixations. To us it appears to be a very diftindt fpecies. Flowers in July. \oq. Serapias pur pur af cens. y Helleborine altera atro-ruberite flare. Ran Syn. 383. This fpecies is found in Syke’s W ood, and is common | to moft of the woods in the North, efpecially % fuch as are mountainous and rocky; it produces a | long fpike of red or purplilh flowers, the begin- t ning of Auguft. This fpecies is frequently mil- | taken for the Ladies Slipper. | iio . Spar ganium natatis. Small Burr-reed, | Sparganium lion ramofum. Ran Syn. 437. 2. 3. _ ? In the lakes on Brigpar Mofi, with the Btffum , and Utricularia, not uncommon. | Flea Carex. y ‘"'Gra'meCtypeWermbhhnm, feminibus debrfum § reflexis puliciformibus. Raii Syn. 24. 4 On the fides of Ingleborough and other mountainous | fituatlons tolerably frequeht. | 123 .Opbrigloprimlgatum: ' Addin- tongue l “’•^f^e^^parvts longifflme diilan- f 3 tibus. Raii Syn. 421. | We have no doubt but the Willow, to which we affigh this name, is a fpecies perfe&ly diftindt. It approaches neareft to the vitellina. Its twigs are remarkably tough. We found it on the edge of a rivulet which runs into Semer Water, Wenjle- dale... As cuttings of this and the two following Willows, introduced into our garden, have grown, we hope to be able to fpeak more decifively oh them at fome future period. 1 1 8. Salix myrfmites ? One fniall ftirub of this fpecies, which correfponds with the defeription Mr. Lightfoot gives of the Myrfmites, we found with feveral of the fol- lowing on the Hope of a high hill betwixt, Kilnjay and Arncliff. 1 19. Salix arenaria. 1 20. E’npetrum nigrum. Empetrum montanum frudtu nigro. Raii Syn. 444. On the fides of Ingleborough plentifully. 1 2 1 . Taxus baccata. T ew-tree. Taxus. Raii Syn. 445. Growing in a truly tvild ftate oiit of the clefts or the rocks on Gigglefwick Scar. Dr. Abraham Sutcliffe, of Settle, to whofe kind hofpitality and ufeful information I am much indebted, was an eye-witnefs to the fatal eftedts of this plant on two Bullocks, who had carelefly been fuffered td feed on its foliage. 122. Acer Pfeudoplatanus. Sycamore Maple. Acer majus. Raii Syn. 470. Very common in woods, hedges, and round gentle- man’s feats, the latter from its quick growth, its great fize, and power of refilling the moft violent ftcirms without injury, it is admirably calculated to preferve. Its wood, though feldom ufed in build* ing, is applied to many oeconomical purpofes. hi s In, meadows and by the Ikies of rivulets much mo it | frequent than with us. y 124., Of munda Lunaria. Moon-wort, t Lunaria minor. Raii Syn. 128. On Mear Bank by Sykes' Wood , Ingteton, find other t places, with the frog Orchis, not unfrequent; | 125. OJmunda cr if pa. Stone-Jern. $ Adiantum album crifpum alpinum. Raii Syn. 126. 1 136. Among the ftoiies about Buckbarrow Well in Long - ? Jledale , in the utmoft abundance, and here and| there on the walls betwixt that fpot and Kendal. | 126. Aj'plenium Scolopendrium. Harts-tongue. Phyllitis. Raii Syn. 116. | Between the fiflures of the rocks on the tops of'? 13 1. moft of the high mountains, | 127. Afpleniuni Rut a muraria. f Ruta muraria. Rail Syn. 122. On the rocks about Settle , and elfewlifere* vety 1 132. common. t 128. Afplenium Trichomanes. Common Maiden-hairi f 133. Trichomanes. Raii Syn. 119. | Very common on the rocks and Rone fences* 129. Polypodium Phegopteris. Wood Polypody. 4 Fiiix minor Britanhica pediculo pdllidiore, alis infe- rioribus deorfum ipedtantibus. Raii Syn. 122. We found one plant of this rare fpecies among our dried fpecimens, but do not recolledi its place of growth ; fufpedt we took it for the following, with which it has fome fimilarity in its general appearance. Polypodium Drybptcris. Branched Polypody. Filix ramtjfa mindr. Raii Syn. 1 25. We obferved this fpecies in tolerable plenty about Kilnfay, particularly among loofe lime-ftones on the right-hand fide of the Girling T rough near ConiJlon\ Polypodium fragile. Brittle Polypody. Filix faxatilis caule tenui fragile. Raii Syn. 1 25. Extremely common on old cattles, ftone fences. See. about Settle and elfewhere. Lycopodium Selago. Fir Club-mofs.. Selago foliis et facie abietis. Raii Syn. 106. Lycopodium alpinum. Mountain Club-mofs. Lycopodium Sabinae facie; Raii Syn. 1-08. Both of thefe fpecies are found in abundance near the fummit of Ingleborough. In the courfe of our excurfions we could not avoid noticing* en paffant , an almoft infinite number of MoJJes , Lichens, & c. which particularly abound in moft of the fpots we vifited ; but as few of them were in fructification* and as the larger plants were altogether fufficient to engrofs our attention, we muft defer gratifying the curious Cryptogamift till au opportunity prelents itfelf of revifiting thefe delightful regions at a different period of the year. We may remark, that the Allium, which we fuppofed to be the oleraceum , proved, on flowering, to be the carina- tum ; and that the Poteniilla, which has not yet flowered, feems* from its foliage, as if it would prove either g lingular variety of the verna , or a diftinCl fpecies;